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Frank B. Golla, Jr. (born January 17, 1990) is a Filipino basketball player for the Blackwater Elite of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was drafted 23rd overall by Blackwater in the 2014 PBA draft. PBA career statistics Correct as of September 18, 2016 Season-by-season averages |- | align=left | | align=left | Blackwater | 7 || 6.4 || .125 || .000 || .750 || 1.4 || .0 || .0 || .1 || 1.1 |- | align=left | | align=left | Blackwater | 21 || 9.7 || .474 || .000 || .500 || 2.4 || .3 || .1 || .3
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The 2015 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Commodores played their home games at Vanderbilt Stadium at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee, which has been Vanderbilt football's home stadium since 1922. Derek Mason coached the Commodores for his second year. They are members of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Commodores finished with a losing record for the second year in a row with an overall record of 4–8 and 2–6 in SEC play. Coaching staff Derek Mason - Head Coach/Defensive Coordinator Andy Ludwig - Offensive
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Araji Hasanpur is a village in Pindra Tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Araji Hasanpur falls under Madhomakhiya gram panchayat. The village is about 34.5 kilometers North-West of Varanasi city, 308 kilometers South-East of state capital Lucknow and 784 kilometers South-East of the national capital Delhi. Demography Araji Hasanpur has a total population of 78 people amongst 9 families. Sex ratio of Araji Hasanpur is 1,108 and child sex ratio is 1,600. Uttar Pradesh state average for both ratios is 912 and 902 respectively . Transportation Araji Hasanpur can be accessed by road and does
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Flashing Blades is a role-playing game published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1984. Description Flashing Blades is a 17th-century swashbuckling system. PCs choose a character class (soldier, gentleman, rogue. etc.) and assign skill points to create characters. Gain and loss of social status is very important. The "Rogues, Gentlemen, Soldiers and Noblemen" book (48 pages) covers character creation, combat, and campaigns; a second book (16 pages) includes three miniscenarios. The game includes a GM's screen. Publication history Flashing Blades was designed by Mark Pettigrew, and was published in 1984 by Fantasy Games Unlimited as a boxed set with a 48-page
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Sidney Duteil (born Patrick Duteil in 1955 in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise), better known as Sidney, is a French musician, rapper, DJ, television and radio host, and occasional actor of Guadeloupean origin. He is well known in France for his connection with the beginnings of the French hip hop scene. He presented a hip hop radio program on Radio 7 from 1982. In 1984, he was the host of the popular weekly French Rap television show entitled H.I.P. H.O.P. This was significant for two reasons: first because Duteil became the first Black man in France to hold such a position, and secondly
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Lysimachia clethroides, the gooseneck loosestrife, is a species of flowering plant, traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae. It was transferred to the family Myrsinaceae based on a molecular phylogenetic study, but this family was later merged into the Primulaceae. Description Lysimachia clethroides can reach heights of . This hardy herbaceous perennial resembles a tall speedwell. The stem is upright and rigid. The leaves are scattered, alternate, oblong or broadly lanceolate, about 5 cm wide, 7 to 11 cm long, with entire margins. The flowers are tiny (12 cm wide), grouped in terminal spikes, each flower being snow white, with fivehas gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Use in culinary and traditional medicine In China, most commonly in Chaoshan region, leaves from lysimachia clethroides are used in culinary as leaf vegetable, for making salads, stir-fried dishes, or soups. Leafy greens from the plant are known as pearl vegetable, and they contain low-sodium and high-potassium. In medicine, lysimachia clethroides are also known as dwarf peach, pearl grass, regulating grass, the ridge grass, ji cocktail, labor injury medicine, stretch lotion, and nine lotus. They are used to treat diarrhea, bruises, sore throat, heat exhaustion, and edema. Gallery References Global
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"Wrapped Up in You" is a song written by Wayne Kirkpatrick and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in October 2001 as the second single from his eighth studio album Scarecrow. It reached number 5 on the Billboard Country Charts in 2002 and number 46 on the Billboard Hot 100. Content "Wrapped Up In You" is a love song. A man expresses his love for a special someone using various analogies and describing how she supports him in hard times and how his life would be if she weren't around. The song doesn't feature anydrums, but does have traces of percussion (such as maracas). It is in the key G Major. Music video The song's music video opens with a quartet of old men at a barbershop executing unique and moderately complex percussions, using household objects such as a broom, board game piece, newspaper etc. while Garth and back-up band arrive for a bite to eat. Garth and co. can't get in the restaurant but notice the old men's performance. They pick-up some instruments lying about and join them to perform the song. A small group of women appear near the end of thesong and observe the men's performance. This video was directed by Jon Small, and was shot in Watertown, Tennessee. Chart positions "Wrapped Up in You" debuted at number 22 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the chart week of October 27, 2001. Year-end charts Personnel Compiled from liner notes. Sam Bacco — drums, percussion Garth Brooks — vocals Gordon Kennedy, Wayne Kirkpatrick — acoustic guitars Jimmy Mattingly — fiddle Terry McMillan — harmonica Jimmie Lee Sloas — bass guitar References External links "Wrapped Up In You" Lyrics Category:2001 singles Category:Garth Brooks songs Category:Songs written by Wayne
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The Peugeot Type 48 is an early motor vehicle produced between 1902 and 1909 by the French auto-maker Peugeot at their Audincourt plant. It was a small and (relatively) inexpensive open bodied four seater. The vehicle was powered by a single-cylinder 833 cc four stroke engine. An innovation at the time was the use of a steel rotating drive shaft to deliver the power to the rear wheels in place of the Chain-drive mechanism that Peugeot had previously used. Replacing the drive chain with a drive shaft enabled the manufacturer to move the engine from its accustomed place behind thedriver, and it was now positioned at the front of the car. was the claimed maximum power output, achieved at 1200 rpm. The long car sat on a wheel-base of just . The open bodied Tonneau / Phaeton format body was built around a frame of tubular steel and offered space for four people. The Type 48 remained in production until 1909 by which year it had achieved the longest production run of any Peugeot model. 131 had been produced. Sources and further reading Wolfgang Schmarbeck: Alle Peugeot Automobile 1890-1990. Motorbuch-Verlag. Stuttgart 1990. Category:1900s cars Type 48 Category:Cars introduced in
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Schwartz's catfish (Corydoras schwartzi) is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae. It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in the Purus River basin in Brazil. The fish will grow in length up to 1.5 inches (3.9 centimeters). It lives in a tropical climate in water with a 6.0 – 8.0 pH, a water hardness of 2 – 25 dGH, and a temperature range of 72 – 79 °F (22 – 26 °C). It feeds on worms, benthic crustaceans, insects, and plant matter. It lays eggs in dense vegetation and
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Paul Andrew Daisley (20 July 1957 – 18 June 2003) was a British politician from the Labour Party who is most notable for his period as Leader of Brent Borough Council. After working as an accounting officer and for his own management consultancy, he succeeded in significantly improving the reputation of the council and pioneering anti-crime initiatives. His success led to his election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent East, but he was seriously ill with cancer by the time the opportunity came. Despite apparently successful treatment, he was unable to play a significant role in Parliament before anew and terminal cancer was discovered. Early life Born in Acton, west London, Daisley was the only son of Peter and Joan Daisley. He spent many days at his grandparents' home in Hallaton in Leicestershire. He went to Littlemore School in Littlemore, south Oxford then Abingdon College in Abingdon, where he met his future wife. He worked as an Accounting Officer for Texaco from 1976–84. In 1984 he set up his own management consultancy and quality assurance company, Daisley Associates, together with his father; he was formally Director of Finance and Administration for the company. While at Texaco in 1979,Daisley had joined the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs and became an active trade unionist; he joined the Labour Party in 1982 in Lewisham, feeling that "it needed all the help it could get". Daisley was to become a leading local supporter of Neil Kinnock. He married Lesley Jordan in 1984, and the two moved to Sudbury Avenue in the London Borough of Brent. Local government At the 1986 local elections, Daisley was an unsuccessful candidate in the then safe Conservative ward of Sudbury Court. Highly critical of the Labour administration that won the election, Daisley worked togetherwith likeminded colleagues to rebuild the party. Although Labour lost control in the 1990 local elections, Daisley was elected as a councillor for Harlesden ward. and became Chief Whip of the Labour group after a year. His ward had a serious problem with gang violence among the black population, and Daisley's decision to confront the gangs won him local respect. Daisley was Labour group leader from 1993 and led the party through the 1994 council elections. The Conservative administration in Brent had reduced the level of Council Tax charged, and Daisley admitted that his party might have trouble fighting theelection because of it; he stressed that the council had also increased charges and rents. Although the Conservatives did not win an overall majority, their administration continued. Daisley became Leader of the Council in April 1996, when the death of a Conservative councillor placed the Conservatives in a minority; he negotiated a deal with the Liberal Democrat group which allowed Labour to gain control with the casting vote of the Mayor. After taking control Daisley reorganised the council's internal organisation so that departments were no longer failing. Labour won an overall majority in the 1998 elections. As Leader, Daisley tookCommissioner, Sir John Stevens. Daisley was initially sceptical about the redevelopment of Wembley Stadium, although the election of Ken Livingstone as Mayor of London led to a change of mind in May 2000. When the council granted planning permission for the redevelopment, it insisted on a legal agreement requiring substantial payments for improvements; Daisley became unpopular with the Football Association for taking this stance. Long before legislation required it, Daisley made the council set up a Standards Committee and bring in a code of practice for councillors; he set up a special website for audits and investigations and encouraged residentsto report suspected fraud. By the end of his term Daisley was sometimes referred to as 'the man who had put the "r" back into Brent', a statement referring to the frequent nickname 'Bent' used by Private Eye due to the council's association with corruption. Selection for Parliament Despite being described a 'Blairite', Daisley supported the Mayoral campaign of Brent East MP Ken Livingstone when he fought as an Independent after being defeated for the official Labour Party nomination. After Livingstone won, Daisley pressed for his readmission into the Labour Party, on the grounds that Livingstone had "gone out ofhis way to be conciliatory". Livingstone's election as Mayor meant giving up his Parliamentary seat, and Daisley was viewed as one of two front-runners for the nomination (his rival being Mary Turner, a leading official of the GMB union). Daisley received Livingstone's support in the fierce battle; a dispute about postal votes in the selection had to be taken to the regional party body to be resolved. Daisley's selection, as a white candidate for a very ethnically mixed constituency, was denounced by the vice-chairman of the Black Socialist Society. Parliament and illness In February 2001 Daisley felt suddenly unwell andwas rushed to hospital where an emergency operation removed a tumour in his colon; he spent six weeks in a coma recovering from the operation. As a result, he was unable to campaign for his own election at the 2001 general election. Despite his absence, Daisley was elected with a majority of 13,047, retaining the same percentage majority which Ken Livingstone, who had personally campaigned for him, had previously obtained. He did not attend Parliament to take the oath of allegiance until 14 September, during an emergency debate on the recent September 11 attacks, the last member to take theoath in 2001, and made his maiden speech on 1 February 2002 (the last of the 2001 intake to do so). This would be his only spoken contribution to the House of Commons. Having regained his mobility after some months using a wheelchair, Daisley paid tribute to the National Health Service staff who had helped him, before speaking about the role of local authorities in helping disadvantaged areas. Daisley's weight had fallen to seven and a half stone at the time of his treatment, and it was slowly recovering through 2002. However, in November a new cancer was discovered, anddespite further surgery Daisley was told by his doctors that it was terminal. His colleague Barry Gardiner, MP for Brent North, announced the prognosis to the House of Commons on the last sitting day before Christmas. He died from colorectal cancer aged 45 on 18 June 2003. It would be 12 years until Labour held the seat again, because in the September 2003 by-election, following Daisley's death, the seat was gained by 29-year old Sarah Teather of the Liberal Democrats. The anti-Iraq War vote played a key part in gaining the seat. At the time Teather became the youngest MPin the Commons and held the seat and its successor seat of Brent Central until 2015, when she stood down and Labour took the seat back again. Memorials In memory of Daisley, the Paul Daisley Trust was established in 2003 to raise awareness of colon cancer and to encourage early diagnosis. It also aims to help people suffering from colon cancer and who are undergoing treatment. It holds a regular fundraising celebrity cricket match. The main hall in Brent Town Hall was named the 'Paul Daisley Hall' in his honour. References Category:1957 births Category:2003 deaths Category:Labour Party (UK) MPs for
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STS-80 was a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Columbia. The launch was originally scheduled for 31 October 1996, but was delayed to 19 November for several reasons. Likewise, the landing, which was originally scheduled for 5 December, was pushed back to 7 December after bad weather prevented landing for two days. The mission was the longest Shuttle mission ever flown at 17 days, 15 hours, and 53 minutes. Although two spacewalks were planned for the mission, they were both canceled after problems with the airlock hatch prevented astronauts Tom Jones and Tammy Jernigan from exiting the orbiter. CrewCrew seating arrangements During landing, Musgrave remained on the flight deck in order to film the spacecraft's reentry through the overhead windows. Mission highlights The mission deployed two satellites and successfully recovered them after they had performed their tasks. Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer-Shuttle Pallet Satellite II (ORFEUS-SPAS II) was deployed on flight day one. It was captured on flight day sixteen. The Wake Shield Facility-3 was deployed on flight day 4, and was recaptured three days later. The mission was the longest mission in Space Shuttle history. On this mission, Story Musgrave became the only personthan (NET) 31 October to 8 November. Payload doors were closed on 25 September. The following day, the External fuel tank was mated to the SRBs inside the Vehicle Assembly Building. Further progress was delayed while two windows on the orbiter were replaced; NASA feared that they might be susceptible to breakage after seven and eight flights. Columbia was rolled over to the VAB on 9 October to begin final assembly preparations. On 11 October, Columbia was mated with the external fuel tank, and the payload was delivered and transferred. Rollout to Pad 39B occurred on 16 October, which wasfollowed by flight readiness checks of the main propulsion system. After a Flight Readiness Review on 28 October, an additional FRR was requested to further analyze the Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) due to nozzle erosion that occurred on STS-79; on the 29th, a fuel pump failed, delaying the fueling process of Columbia. The erosion problem led to a week long delay instituted on 4 November. A launch date of 15 November was set, contingent on a successful Atlas launch two days prior. The forecast of bad weather pushed the launch back even further, to a date of 19 November.Wake-up calls NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities. See also List of human spaceflights List of Space Shuttle missions Outline of space science STS-78 (16 day 21 hour Shuttle mission) STS-67 (16 days 15 hour Shuttle mission) STS-73 (15 days 21 hours Shuttle mission) References External links NASA mission summary STS-80
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Louis Charles "Lou" Kolls (December 15, 1892 – February 23, 1941) was an American professional baseball umpire who worked in the American League from 1933 to 1940. Kolls umpired in one All-Star Game and one World Series. Kolls was released by the American League a few months before his untimely death. He also played in the National Football League. Early life Before entering umpiring, Kolls unsuccessfully ran for sheriff in Rock Island, Illinois. He also played semi-pro and minor league baseball. He attended college at St. Ambrose University Football career Kolls played seven seasons of professional football, 40 games total),Personal life Kolls was married to the former Irene Tanghe, who worked as a secretary to U.S. Representative Chester C. Thompson. Death Kolls was killed in a two-car accident near Hooppole, Illinois in 1941. Four occupants of the other car were killed in the head-on collision. Two people were injured, including the sole passenger in the umpire's vehicle. References External links Find a Grave Category:1892 births Category:1941 deaths Category:Major League Baseball umpires Category:Road incident deaths in Illinois Category:American football centers Category:Chicago Cardinals players Category:Hammond Pros players Category:Rock Island Independents players Category:New York Yankees (NFL) players Category:Baseball players from Illinois Category:Players
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Roberto Enrique Martín Wernicke (May 23, 1852, Buenos Aires, Argentina - October 22, 1922, Buenos Aires) was an Argentine physician, embryologist, bacteriologist, educator and researcher. After training at the University of Jena in Germany, he returned to Buenos Aires, where he taught and practiced medicine for many years. Wernicke introduced microscopy to Argentinian medicine, and founded the study of parasitology, microbiology, and general pathology in Argentina. He served as President of the Argentine Medical Association from 1894 to 1897, and was president of the Second Latin American Scientific Congress, in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1901. A Festschrift was published in hishonor in 1909. Early life Roberto Enrique Martin Wernicke's parents were Robert Heinrich (Roberto Enrique) Wernicke (May 29, 1826, Kelbra - January 24, 1881, Buenos Aires) and Ida Augusta Beltz (or Baltz) von Hagen. Both were from Germany. They married around 1851. Wernicke had several siblings and half-siblings, among them the painter Julia Wernicke (1860-1932). Wernicke's childhood was spent in Baradero about 160 km northwest of the city of Buenos Aires, where his father settled for health reasons and ran a school. Wernicke completed his secondary studies in Buenos Aires. University of Jena In 1872, Roberto Wernicke moved to Germanywhere he entered the University of Jena, working with William Thierry Preyer. Wernicke graduated in 1876 after publishing a thesis on experimental studies of the physiology of the embryonic heart. Wernicke was one of the first to study the embryonic development of chicken hearts, using sand and water baths to maintain a constant temperature for the developing eggs. A translation of the work was published in the Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina (Annals of the Argentine Scientific Society). Career in Buenos Aires In 1878, Roberto Wernicke returned to Buenos Aires. In 1884, he received the degree of Doctor ofMedicine, after presenting a thesis sponsored by José Teodoro Baca, on the topic "Una primera lección de examen clínico" ("A first lesson in clinical study"). Soon after, he became Assistant Professor of the Chair of General Pathology in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. Roberto Wernicke taught in room IX of the Hospital de Clínicas. His younger brother Otto Wernicke also became a doctor at the Hospital. Roberto Wernicke was known for arriving early and being a demanding instructor. In 1884, Wernicke established a Laboratory for Contagious Diseases in Animals. Between 1884 and 1887, Wernicke carriedout early experiments in photomicrography. In 1886, the National Department of Hygiene sent him to Rosario to assess the situation created by the presence of cholera in the area. After some difficulties, he was able to impose sanitary criteria and set up a lazaretto outside the city for those who had contracted the disease. In 1888, Wernicke founded the Laboratorio de la Sociedad Rural Argentina (Laboratory of the Argentine Rural Society) with the support of La Rural's president, Estanislao Zeballos. In his laboratory, a group of young medical students, veterinarians and biologists, began to study the new specialty of bacteriology.Wernicke introduced microscopy to Argentinian medicine, along with the study of parasitology, microbiology, and general pathology. He followed closely the work of European scientists such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. In 1889, Wernicke called attention to the dangers of hydatid cysts, a zoonotic disorder caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite can be found in sheep organs, which if eaten by dogs can travel in their faeces to infect humans. Wernicke, who had studied hydatidosis in domestic animals for some years, noted a sharp increase in human cases due to both increased human immigration and the importation of Lincoln sheepwhich were herded with dogs. Wernicke wrote to the Minister of the Province of Buenos Aires, Manuel Bernardo Gonnet. This led to a project to establish rural and industrial safety codes in 1891, and the passage of National Law 3959 establishing guidelines for the inspection of businesses such as slaughterhouses, meat-packing plants to prevent disease and contamination of food. In 1890, Wernicke was promoted to Professor of General Pathology in the Faculty of Medicine, holding that position until October 1907. His students included Guillermo Seeber, who described the parasite Rhinosporidium seeberi, and Alejandro Posadas, who with Wernicke first described thefungal disease Coccidioidomycosis. Wernicke was a founding member and served two terms as President of the Asociación Médica Argentina (Argentine Medical Association) from 1894-1895 and from 1896-1897. He was vice-president of the First Latin American Scientific Congress held in Buenos Aires on April 11, 1898, where he led the medical sciences section. At the Second Latin American Scientific Congress, held in Montevideo from March 20 to 31, 1901, he served as president of the board as well as being president of the coordinating committee in Argentina and the official delegate of the Argentine government. He also presented a paper onamyloid degeneration. In 1907, Wernicke formally retired from the University, stepping down from the Chair of General Pathology, and the positions of Academician and Counselor of the School of Medicine. In a ceremony on October 30, 1907, the Board of Directors granted him the title of "Honorary Professor", in recognition of "his services to the city, the nation and the profession". His students and colleagues published a Libro d'e Oro (Golden Book) as a festschrift in his honor. Wernicke continued to see patients in his private practice. He served as president of the Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires
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Gunnar Kalrasten (5 September 1905 – 5 May 1964) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was born in Biri. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland in 1950, and was re-elected on three occasions. He had previously been a deputy representative in the period 1945–1949. During this term he served twice as a regular representative meanwhile Olav Meisdalshagen and later Lars Magnus Moen were appointed to the Cabinet. He died in 1964 before the end of his last term, and was replaced by Per Mellesmo. Kalrasten was deputy mayor of Biri municipality in the periods
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The current Constitution of the Russian Federation (, Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii; ) was adopted by national referendum on . Russia's constitution came into force on , at the moment of its official publication, and abolished the Soviet system of government. The current Constitution is the second most long-lived in the history of Russia, behind the Constitution of 1936. The 1993 Constitutional Conference was attended by over 800 participants. Sergei Alexeyev, Sergey Shakhray, and sometimes Anatoly Sobchak are considered as co-authors of the constitution. The text of the constitution was inspired by Mikhail Speransky's constitutional project and current French constitution. Aconstitutional referendum was held in Russia on 12 December 1993. Of all registered voters, 58,187,755 people (or 54.8%) participated in the referendum. Of those, 32,937,630 (54.5%) voted for adoption of the Constitution. It replaced the previous Soviet-era Constitution of , of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (which had already been amended in April 1992 to reflect the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the sovereignty of the Russian Federation), following the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis. History Constitution of Russia after USSR Structure The constitution is divided into two sections. Section One Fundamentals of the Constitutional System Rights and Liberties ofMan and Citizen Federative system President of the Russian Federation Federal Assembly Government of the Russian Federation Judiciary Local Self-Government Constitutional Amendments and Revisions Section Two Concluding and Transitional Provisions Provisions Especially on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the Constitution provides for human rights and freedom of citizen according to the universally recognised principles and norm of international law as well as the Constitution and affirms that the listing in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the fundamental rights and freedom shall not be interpreted as a rejection and derogation of other universally recognised human rights and freedom. PresidencyThe Constitution of the Russian Federation specifies that the President is the Russian head of state, setting domestic and foreign policy and representing Russia both within the country and internationally [Article 80]. While the original constitution stipulated a four-year term and a maximum of two terms in succession, the current constitution decrees a six-year term. The four-year term was in effect while Vladimir Putin served his first and second terms; with the two-term limit, he was barred from the presidency in 2008. Instead, he served as Prime Minister while Dmitry Medvedev served as president for four years. Putin was re-electedto his third term in 2012; with the six-year term, he was elected to his fourth term in 2018. Article 81 specifies the method of election, including a secret ballot; Articles 82 - 93 detail powers, responsibilities, and limitations of the presidency. The constitution provides for a 'strong presidency'; not only is the president the "Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", the president also has the power to dissolve the State Duma. Executive branch Legislative branch The legislature is represented by the Federal Assembly of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma – theon it. If rejected, the bill will be returned to the State Duma, which then can only pass it with a two-thirds vote again in the same form. If a bill is adopted by the Federation Council, it must be signed by the President to become law. The President has a final veto, but the State Duma and Federation Council also have the overriding power by passing a two-thirds vote. Judiciary While the Russian Federation Constitution enumerates a strong and independent judicial branch, the reality is a question of debate. The constitution provides for judicial immunity, lifetime appointments/"irremovable" justices, andthe supremacy of the courts to administer justice, and affirms that judges need only submit to the constitution and the federal law. Additionally, Article 123 provides for open and fair trials, as well as equal application of the law. Three courts are delineated: Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Higher Arbitration Court, each "Appointed by the Council of the Federation upon the proposals by the President". The Constitution requires 19 judges for the Constitution Court, but does not specify the number of justices for the other courts. As of 2002, the SupremeCourt has 115 members; due to the expansion of duties in 2014, the number of seats was increased to 170. In September of 2014, the Institute of Modern Russia reported that the Russian Federation's Supreme Arbitration Court had been dissolved, and judicial matters previously under its authority had been transferred to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Amending the Constitution The procedure for amending the Constitution is outlined in Chapter Nine. Proposals on amendments to and revision of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation may be submitted by the President of the Russian Federation, the Council ofFederation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, legislative (representative) bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and by groups consisting of not less than one fifth of the members of the Council of Federation or of the deputies of the State Duma. The constitutional amendments should be approved by legislative bodies of at least two thirds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Updating the provisions of Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia is carried out in two ways: updating regarding the change of the name of the subject of the Russian Federation iscarried out by a decree of the President of Russia on bringing the name of the subject of the Russian Federation in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in accordance with the decision of the subject of the Russian Federation; An update regarding changes in the subject composition of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the federal constitutional law on the admission to the Russian Federation and the formation of a new constituent entity of the Russian Federation, on changes in the constitutional and legal status of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation,which should contain an indication of the inclusion of relevant changes or additions to Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia (Article 137 of the Constitution of Russia). Updating the provisions of chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the Constitution of Russia is carried out in the form of a special act - the law of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution, which is adopted by the parliament similarly to the federal constitutional law, but also requires ratification by the legislative bodies of the constituent entities of the Federation. Moreover, one law of the Russian Federationon the amendment to the Constitution covers interrelated changes to the constitutional text; the law itself receives a name reflecting the essence of this amendment. Updating the provisions of chapters 1, 2, 9 of the Constitution of Russia is considered a revision of its fundamental provisions, which is possible only through the adoption of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation by the Constitutional Assembly or by popular vote (Article 135 of the Constitution of Russia). 2008 amendments The amendments of 2008, which were proposed in November 2008 and came into force on 31 December 2008, are the first substantialamendments to the Constitution of Russia of 1993 and extended the terms of the President of Russia and the State Duma from four to six and five years, respectively. Earlier only minor adjustments concerning the naming of the federal subjects or their merging were made, which require a much simpler procedure. 2020 amendments The amendments of 2020 remove the "in a row" clause from the article regulating the maximum number of presidential terms, discounting previous presidential terms before the amendment enters into force. Other changes are recognition of Russia as a successor to the Soviet Union, banning ceasing Russian territoryor criticizing its role in World War II and enshrining God and heterosexuality in the constitution. See also Institute of State and Law Law of the Russian Federation Constitution of the Soviet Union Impeachment in Russia Constitutional economics Constitutionalism Notes References Partlett, William. The Dangers of Popular Constitution-Making, Brooklyn Journal of International Law, Volume 38, 193-238 (2012). Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1924958. External links Text of the Russian constitution in English, on Constituteproject.org Text of the Russian constitution in Russian – from the official website of the Government of the Russian Federation Text of the Russian constitution in English - archived from
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Samantha Sky Shelton (born November 15, 1978) is an American actress and singer. Early life Samantha Shelton was born in Los Angeles, California, to director Christopher and Carol Stromme. She has three older sisters: Koren, Erin, and fellow actress Marley Shelton. Shelton studied acting while attending the North Carolina School of the Arts, and at the Los Angeles High School of the Arts. Career Acting career Her debut was as a waitress in the film Hairshirt, before several television guest roles, including a recurring role on Judging Amy. She had a supporting role in White Oleander as a pregnant girl
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Bayley Seton Hospital (BSH) was a hospital in Stapleton, Staten Island, New York City. It is currently the Bayley Seton campus of Richmond University Medical Center. Location Bayley Seton is located on a , 12-building site in the Clifton and Stapleton areas of the North Shore of the New York City Borough of Staten Island. The complex is bounded by Bay Street to the east, Vanderbilt Avenue to the south, Tompkins Avenue to the west, and residential development to the north. The block, with portions sold off over time, also includes Public School 721, the Richmond Center for Rehab &Specialty Care Center, the New York Foundling Hospital Staten Island, and an unaffiliated geriatric center. History Marine Hospital Service The current Bayley Seton campus was constructed around the Marine Hospital Service buildings at the site. On October 1, 1831, Staten Island's first hospital, the Seaman's Retreat, was opened here, to serve retired naval and commercial sailors. Three of these original colonnaded structures remain, dating from the 1830s and 1840s. The Marine Hospital Service provided medical treatment to naval personnel. On May 6, 1857, the neighboring New York Marine Hospital (also the "Quarantine") in Tompkinsville, about north along the shore, wasattacked by a local mob, fearful of the mostly immigrant detainees. The next year, on September 1, 1858, a mob again attacked the hospital, burning it down in what became known as the Staten Island Quarantine War. A new quarantine center was created on Swinburne Island (a fill off the South Shore of Staten Island, about south of Fort Wadsworth). In 1874, some of these resources were transferred to the Marine Hospital Service buildings at what is now the Bayley Seton campus. The Seaman's Retreat was also housed there; when it moved around three miles (5 km) northwest in 1883,it became Sailors' Snug Harbor. At that point, the entire complex was operated by the U.S. Marine Hospital Service. National Institutes of Health With this move came a greater need for the study of disease. In 1887, 28-year-old officer Dr. Joseph J. Kinyoun established a single-room Laboratory of Hygiene for Bacteriological Investigation on the top floor of the Marine Hospital, where it remained until 1891. The building still stands and is part of Bayley Seton Hospital. In 1902, the United States Congress passed legislation to fund the laboratory and move it to Washington where, as a result of the 1930Ransdell Act, it became the National Institutes of Health. Staten Island Public Health Service Hospital In the 1930s, President Franklin Roosevelt began a campaign to construct and maintain U.S. Public Health Service Hospitals, to serve the military, veterans, and the general public. As part of this process, the current main building of Bayley Seton was constructed. The Staten Island Public Health Service Hospital was built as a five- to seven-story hospital, in a Mayan revival style. Until 1981, it operated inpatient and outpatient services, emergency, surgery, and rehabilitation wards. Military installations at Fort Wadsworth, Fort Hamilton (just across the narrowsin Brooklyn), the Staten Island Homeport, Miller Field Air Station, as well as air, naval and Coast Guard installations built during the Second World War assured a large military and veteran population for the hospital. In 1980, President Ronald Reagan announced plans to close or sell all such hospitals, and despite local protest, Staten Island Public Health Service Hospital was sold to the Sisters of Charity of New York, a Catholic medical and social services system. Bayley Seton The Sisters of Charity renamed the hospital Bayley Seton, after New York's Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton and her father Richard Bayley, asurgeon and founder of the New York Dispensary and head of the Quarantine Station in Tompkinsville. The renamed hospital expanded its campus buildings to include the Saint Elizabeth Ann outpatient clinics, and turned over part of the campus to the New York Foundling Hospital. In the 1990s Amethyst House, a women's Drug Abuse Treatment center was opened, as well as an Alcoholism Acute Care Unit on the 3rd floor, a St. Vincent's Nursing School on the fifth floor, social service agencies in other buildings, including the Richmond Center for Rehab & Specialty Care Center, hospital inpatient drug rehab treatment services,services for co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders, a comprehensive psychiatric emergency program), and the center for a mental health client dispersed housing and in-community employment program. Saint Vincent's In 2000, Sisters of Charity turned over Bayley Seton (along with their main Staten Island hospital) to Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center, which already included the Sisters' Manhattan and Westchester County hospitals, to create Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers New York. Facing financial difficulties almost immediately, Bayley saw around half its services closed, including its emergency room, pharmacy, surgery, and most medical clinics. After filing for bankruptcy in 2003, Saint Vincent'sspun off or closed almost half its sites, including selling its hospital on Bard Avenue to Bayonne Medical Center, becoming Richmond University Medical Center in 2007. Most psychiatric and addiction services were retained, as were outpatient clinics for geriatrics, patients with HIV infection, military and family health services, and mother and baby care. Recent activity At the beginning of 2008, Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers had formally separated from Richmond University Medical Center, while negotiating a deal to share Bayley Seton. , there were an estimated 1,500 patients who used the Bayley Seton facilities regularly, and as of 2004, thehospital employed approximately 550 staff, just more than half the 990 employed in 2000. Six smaller buildings were closed, staff consolidated, and a deal was struck whereby at the end of 2008, the Salvation Army would purchase the Bayley campus, demolish the main hospital, and build a recreation center. There was public, political, and press outcry at this plan, especially because Richmond University Medical Center announced it was going to end most operations at Bayley Seton and scale back operations at its main campus. Since 2014, the TV series Gotham uses the hospital as a setting for exterior scenes set
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Rob Dickins (born July 1950, East Ham, London) is a British music industry executive, who currently holds a number of trustee and consultant positions in music and the arts in the United Kingdom. Dickins began his music industry career at Warner Music UK. Early life and education Dickins grew up in East Ham and in the surrounding suburbs. His father Percy was a saxophonist and pianist and one of the founders of the NME, who started the first British Record Charts at the paper in November 1952. He attended Ilford County High School for Boys, before going on to Loughboroughhe was appointed trustee of The Julia Margaret Cameron Trust at Dimbola, Isle of Wight. In October 2012 he was appointed trustee at the Handel House Museum in Brook Street, London. In 2016 he was appointed as trustee to the board of the National Portrait Gallery by the Prime Minister. Honours In the 2002 Birthday Honours Dickins was appointed a Commander of the British Empire for services to the music industry, and on 15 July 2002 he received an Honorary Doctorate from his alma mater Loughborough University. In October the following year he was the recipient of the 2003 Music
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Anthony "Tony" Lecce (born January 1, 1945) is an Italian-born Canadian former soccer defender who earned nine caps with the Canadian national soccer team and played four seasons in the North American Soccer League. Career Lecce played in 1964 with Toronto Italia in the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League for three seasons. Throughout his tenure with Italia he received the league's MVP award in 1965. In 1967, he played in the American Soccer League with Boston Tigers. He played in the North American Soccer League (NASL) in 1968 with Toronto Falcons. In early 1969, he played with Rochester Lancers inthe American Soccer League. The remainder of the season he played in the National Soccer League with former club Toronto Italia. In 1971, he returned to the NASL to sign with Toronto Metros from 1971 through 1973. International career He played for Canada where he made his debut on October 6, 1968 against Bermuda in a FIFA World Cup qualifying match. He would make eight appearances for the national team. References External links Canadian Soccer Association NASL stats Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Rome Category:Canada men's international soccer players Category:Canadian soccer players Category:Italian emigrants to Canada Category:Association football defenders
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"People Loving People" is a song recorded by American country music singer Garth Brooks for his eleventh studio album, Man Against Machine (2014). It was released to country radio by RCA Nashville on September 3, 2014 and is the first single from the album. Following its radio release, "People Loving People" was made available for digital download exclusively through Brooks' online music store, GhostTunes. Release and promotion The song was released on September 3, 2014 and is Brooks' first radio release since his 2007 song "More Than a Memory". On September 4, 2014 Brooks appeared on Good Morning America topromote "People Loving People", as well as his world tour. On November 23, he performed the song live on the American Music Awards via satellite from his concert at the Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina. Composition "People Loving People" was written by Busbee, Lee Thomas Miller, and Chris Wallin. Like all songs featured on Brooks' album Man Against Machine, the song was produced by Mark Miller. Musically, the song was described as "firm, crunchy country rock" by Elias Leight from Billboard. Lyrically, like Brooks' 1992 song "We Shall Be Free", "People Loving People" addresses problems in the world. The
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Asymblepharus is a genus of skinks. Species The following eight species are recognized as being valid. Asymblepharus alaicus Asymblepharus eremchenkoi Asymblepharus himalayanus – Himalaya ground skink Asymblepharus ladacensis – Ladak ground skink Asymblepharus mahabharatus – Mahabharat ground skink Asymblepharus nepalensis – Nepal ground skink Asymblepharus sikkimensis – Sikkim ground skink, bronzy-brown skink Asymblepharus tragbulense Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Asymblepharus. References Further reading Eremchenko VK, Shcherbak NN (1980). "[On the generic belonging of Scincidae (Reptilia: Sauria) of the USSR fauna]". Vestnik Zoologii 1980: 10–15. (in Russian).
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Redistricting has frequently been mentioned as a resource that can be used to combat gerrymandering, given that the public has free access to it. Political science firms such as FiveThirtyEight have used the website to draw examples of gerrymandered districts, including on their famous Atlas of Redistricting. Functions Users can redraw the congressional districts for all 50 states with a given Cook PVI. With the use of PVI, any state can knowingly be gerrymandered to favor one political party over the other. Versions 2.2: This uses Bing Maps, an outdated software that projects the districts of a single state onto
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Jean-Claude Gérard, a well-known flutist, studied flute at the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique in Paris with Marcel Moyse. He won several international competitions and began his career in Paris, playing with the Orchestre des Concerts Lamoureux and at the Opéra National de Paris. He moved to Germany in 1972. After his engagement as a solo flutist with the Philharmonic State Orchestra in Hamburg, he was a professor at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover from 1986 to 1989. Since 1989 he has been professor at the University of Music and performing Arts in Stuttgart. Apart from his pedagogic
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Liang Fa (1789–1855), also known by other names, was the second Chinese Protestant convert and the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist. He was ordained by Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary in the Qing Empire. His tract Good Words to Admonish the Age was influential on Hong Xiuquan, who went on to lead the Taiping Rebellion. Name Liang Fa is the pinyin romanization of Liang's usual Chinese name, which his father used. is the Jyutping romanization of the same name in Cantonese, the usual spoken dialect of Guangdong's natives. His personal name is the common Chinese verb for "tosend" but in Chinese grammar can also be understood as its past participle, "[he who is] sent". He is also known as , "", "Afa", "" or "" from the Southern Chinese habit of forming affectionate nicknames using the prefix Ā- (now , formerly ). was apparently his complete name, although it was used less often. It variously appears as "Leang Kung-fa", "Leang Kung-fah", and "Leong Kung Fa". Life Liang was born in the village of Gulao (then known as "Lohtsun"), Gaoming County, in Sanzhou ("Samchow"), Guangdong, in 1789. Although he came from a poor family, they made an effort16, 1814, and Liang became their second. The missionary William Milne employed Liang as his Chinese teacher and Liang went with him to the Malacca mission in April 1815 to assist him with printing his Chinese-language tracts. At his request, he was baptized by Milne at noon on November 3, 1816, so that there would be no shadows present. He adopted the pen name "Student of the Good". Liang returned to China in April 1819 to see his family. Under Morrison's supervision, he prepared 200 copies of a 37-page tract of Miscellaneous Exhortations for his friends and neighbors. The policefor the London Missionary Society and in 1827 ordained him as a full minister, the first native Chinese to do so. He preached at hospitals and chapels and, after writing his own tracts, thought to distribute Christian literature to the scholars gathered for the prefectural and provincial imperial exams. He printed 7,000 or 70,000 tracts in a single year and personally distributed them to the thousands who came for the tests in Guangzhou and in the prefectural seats of Guangdong. It was at one such session that Hong Xiuquan first encountered Liang's work Good Words to Admonish the Age. Hefinally returned to China in July 1839. He then joined Peter Parker's missionary hospital on Hog Lane in Guangzhou's Thirteen Factories trading ghetto. At an 1841 congressional hearing in Washington, Parker quoted Liang as saying "When I meet men in the streets and villages and tell them the folly of worshipping idols they laugh at me. Their hearts are very hard. But when men are sick and are healed their hearts are very soft". For similar reasons, he opposed Britain's persecution of the First Opium War, saying its support of opium smugglers and assaults on China would turn its peopletreatises, in 1852; Chau later went on to succeed Liang as minister there. He was unhappy with his son Jinde's government job, which required him to work on Sundays. He also had a daughter and a third child, who died in 1832. He died on 12 April 1855. Works Liang Fa wrote under the pen name "Student of the Good" or "Retired Student of the Good". He is primarily remembered for his Quànshì Liángyán , formerly romanized as K'euen She Lëang Yen and Ch‘üan-shih Liang-yen and variously translated as Good Words to Admonish the Age, "Good News to Admonish thefour-volume sets. It largely dwelt on the omnipotence of God the Father, the degrading nature and effects of idolatry and other sins, and the personal choice between salvation and damnation. Its actual text long went unstudied since only four copies are known to have survived the suppression of the Taipings: one copy of the Malacca edition is held by the New York Public Library, one copy of the Guangzhou edition is held by Harvard University, and two more were held by the London Missionary Society. A third and fourth edition, both abridged, were also printed at Singapore. He also published:Hong Xiuquan and his Taiping rebels, for whom Good Words to Admonish the Age became a sacred text. Liang's grave was found to be on land purchased for the expansion of Lingnan University (formerly Canton Christian College and now Sun Yat-sen University). He was re-interred in the center of the college campus on the site reserved for the college chapel. The site was dedicated 7 June 1920. See also Christianity and Protestantism in China Jesuit and Protestant China missions Anglo-Chinese College Notes References Citations Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . Category:1789 births Category:1855
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Bendorf is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. north of Koblenz. Structure of the town The town consists of the following districts: Bendorf Sayn Mülhofen Stromberg Economy From the 18th century Bendorf was dominated by mining and the metallurgical industry. The most imposing relic of this era is the Sayner Hütte (Sayn mine works). The ores of the Bendorfer mine works came from the Trierischer Loh iron-ore mine. The Rhine port of Bendorf dates from 1900. In addition to handling clay and basalt it has the largest oil-storage
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Théodore Anne (7 April 1797 – 12 August 1869) was a French playwright, librettist, and novelist. Engaged in the army in 1814, until the July Revolution of 1830 he was a member of the compagnie de Noailles then, still faithful to the Bourbons, he resigned. An editor at the journal La France, a drama critic for the L'Union journal and a collaborator with Revue et gazette des théâtres, he authored numerous plays which were presented on the most significant Parisian stages of the 19th century: Théâtre du Vaudeville, Théâtre de la Gaité, Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique, Académie royale de musique, ThéâtreMaquet 1854: L'enfant du régiment, drama in 5 acts, with Auguste Maquet 1855–1856 Histoire de l'ordre militaire de Saint-Louis, depuis son institution en 1693 jusqu'en 1830, with Alexandre Mazas 1856: L'Espion du grand monde, drama in 5 acts, from the novel by Henri de Saint-Georges 1856: La Folle de Savenay 1856: La Reine de Paris, épisode du temps de la Fronde 1857: L'Homme au masque d'acier 1858: Le Chef des Invisibles 1859: Les Deux Marquis 1859: Le Cordonnier de la rue de la Lune 1860: Ivan IV (scènes choisies par l'Académie des beaux-arts pour servir de texte au concours de
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Eason Chan Yick-shun (born 27 July 1974) is a Hong Kong singer and actor. Chan was ranked number "6" in the 2013 Forbes China Celebrity Top 100 List. In 2005, Chan's Cantonese album U87 was named one of Time magazine's "Five Asian Albums Worth Buying". Chan has won a number of Golden Melody Awards. In 2003, he won Best Mandarin Male Singer and Best Mandarin Album for Special Thanks To.... In 2009, he won Best Mandarin Album for Don't Want to Let Go. Chan won his second Best Mandarin Male Singer award in 2015, for the album Rice and Shine.In 2014, Chan's net worth was HK$100 million. In 2018, Chan was named Best Mandarin Male Singer for the third time - the most of any singer (tie with Johny Yin) - for the album C'mon In~. Early life Chan was born in Hong Kong on 27 July 1974. Chan went to England to study when he was 12. He attended St. Joseph's kindergarten and St. Joseph's College Primary School in Hong Kong, Dauntsey's School in Wiltshire, England and later Kingston University, studying architecture. He also trained in vocals at the Royal Academy of Music, where he received Grade-8 vocalcertifications, which is the highest grade amongst non-professional opera singers, orchestra members, and musical performers. Chan returned to Hong Kong before the completion of his degree to participate in the 1995 New Talent Singing Awards Competition, winning first place. Hong Kong-based record label Capital Artists signed a contract with him, ending his future career as an architect while launching a career in music. Career Chan has won a number of Asian music awards. He is the second non-Taiwanese singer, after Jacky Cheung, to win Taiwan's Golden Melody Awards. He won "Best Male Singer" third, in 2003, 2015 and 2018, and"Best Album" twice. In 2003, 2009 and 2018. He also won Most Popular Male Singer in the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation twice, in 2006 and 2007. He also won his first Asia Pacific's Most Popular Singer Award in 2007, and again in 2008. His album U87, named after his favorite microphone and released in 2005, was labeled by Time Magazine as one of the five best Asian albums. U87 was the top selling non-concert, non-collection category album in Hong Kong in 2005. He was Hong Kong's highest selling male artist in 2002, 2003 and 2007. Hehas been one of Hong Kong's top selling artists every year since 2000. His concert DVD Get a Life was the highest selling album of 2006. Chan has been praised by critics and fellow musicians alike as one of the top singers of his generation. Since the very beginning of his career, he has been one of the favourites to lead the new generation of Cantopop. He has been described as a breath of fresh air in the HK music scene. Over the last ten years, Chan has emerged as the leading male singer of his generation, fulfilling his roleas an innovator and a leader in the HK music scene, winning prestigious awards one after another. Chan has also been successful in his work in the Mandopop scene. He has won numerous awards in both mainland China and Taiwan, most notably Taiwan's Golden Melody Awards. His album Admit It was nominated for Golden Melody Awards' Best Male Singer; although it was ultimately won by Gary Chaw. Next year, he was again nominated for Golden Melody Awards' Best Male Singer, for his work in Mandarin album "Don't Want To Let Go", although the award went to Jay Chou. However, Chanfor SARS victims in 2003. Chan plays several instruments in his live concerts, including the piano, the guitar, the harmonica, and the accordion. Chan is also a songwriter. In 2009, Chan performed in "PAX Musica 2009" in Tokyo. He sang seven songs, including a Japanese song by Koji Tamaki called "Mr. Lonely". This was his first time performing in Japan publicly. Japanese Musician Ikuro Fujiwara praised Chan for his charisma on stage and expressed hope to collaborate with Chan in the future. Chan planned to promote his musical works in Japan in 2010. In 2011, Chan released a new albumCantonese music industry from Kingston University, where he studied architecture before entering the entertainment industry. In 2015, Chan released the Cantonese album Preparing (準備中) which contain the number one song "Unconditional" (無條件). Chan received multiple awards for the work. Concerts Chan has held five major theme concerts at the famous Hong Kong Coliseum starting from 1999. His first series of concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum, a total of four Eason's 99Big Live concerts and came four years after his debut in 1995. Even today, that amount of time is considered short for a singer to gain the general approvaland public support needed to perform at such a prestigious venue. Two years later in 2001, Chan held a series of nine The Easy Ride concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum under the wing of his second record company, Music Plus. In 2003, he again held a series of seven The Third Encounter concerts with the support of Music Plus. In the spring of 2006, after a year of rest and another change of record company, Chan held his fourth theme concerts, a total of nine Get a Life concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum. A year later, Chan brokehis own record while holding his fifth series of concerts named Eason's Moving on Stage. During October and November 2007, he completed a total of 16 hugely successful Chan's Moving on Stage1 concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum. As of January 2008, Chan has held 45 concerts at Hong Kong Coliseum. Chan began his Moving on Stage World Tour in February 2008. He traveled to Taiwan, Canada, Australia, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Malaysia, Macau, Singapore, Kunming, Tianjin, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Hangzhou, Guiyang, Beijing, and Foshan. Chan's Moving on Stage World Tour ended with Eason Chan's Moving on Stage 26at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 16 August 2009. Months after his Moving On Stage Concerts came to finish, Chan began another tour in mainland China, called "Ninety Minutes of Bliss". Instead of playing at grand venues, Chan played at smaller venues in order to get closer to his fans. He completed two concerts in Nanjing and three more in Shanghai before and during Christmas 2009. Two more concerts were held in Beijing on 29 and 30 May in 2010. In between his tours, Chan held his sixth record-breaking Theme Concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum for a total of 18concerts, scheduled from 20 March to 6 April 2010. This new series is called Duo Eason Chan 2010 Concert (《DUO陳奕迅2010演唱會》). After the May "Ninety Minutes of Bliss" concerts in Beijing, Chan went to Europe for his first European tour scheduled. He visited three cities over the course of 5 days: London, Manchester, and Rotterdam. The venues for the three concerts were, respectively, Royal Albert Hall, Manchester Apollo and Rotterdam Ahoy. Tickets to his London and Manchester concerts were each sold out within hours of ticket release. Chan is the second Hong Kong singer after Roman Tam to perform in theprestigious Royal Albert Hall. At Chan's concert in Beijing on 29 September 2011 at the Beijing Workers' Stadium, Faye Wong made a special guest appearance, surprising many as Wong had not previously accepted any invitations to appear as a special guest at another singer's concert; this was the first time that she did so. Continuing his Duo Eason Chan 2010 Concert World Tour, Chan made his second appearance in London, the O2 Arena on 23 April 2012. He became the first Asian artist playing in the O2 stage. The concert was sold out in twenty minutes to 12,000 fans. In2015, Chan held his 100th show of Another Eason Life's World Tour in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on 4 December 2015. This was the first time ever that a Hongkongese singer has performed at the Centre Bell. The tour ended late in 2016, as he took a break from concert touring. In September 2017, Chan began a new tour called Eason Says C mon In~tour, which is noted for performing in small stadiums like Macpherson Stadium, Hong Kong, which only seats about 2500 people. The album's price was set at HK$750. On 18 and 19 August 2005, Chan performed the musicalWrestling with God (人神鬥), the second programme of Love Music Tour 05 organised by Netvigator. He was the actor and producer. Stars featured in the show included famous comedian Jim Chim (詹瑞文), singer Wilfred Lau (劉浩龍), Taiwanese singer Mavis Fan (范曉萱), Best Supporting Actress Winner of the 23rd Hong Kong Film Awards Josie Ho (何超儀), pop duo at17 and Soler. The story was about the competition among different angels (played by the featured stars) to protect the only man alive in the world (played by Eason Chan). The secret guest, veteran singer George Lam (林子祥), played Chan's late father. Theaudience were impressed by the performers, who told the story through song and dance. Charity work Chan has been Orbis International's Sight Ambassador in Hong Kong since 2006. He has travelled to India and Sichuan, China, visiting kids and elders with visual impairment, to raise funds for Orbis. Eason has also been an active participant in Hong Kong's fundraising campaigns such as the 2003 fundraiser for SARS victims and the 2008 fundraiser for Sichuan earthquake victims. On 7 July 2007 Eason performed at the Chinese leg of 'Live Earth' in Shanghai. Personal life In 2006 he married former actress HilaryTsui with whom he has a daughter, Constance, b. 2004. Awards and recognition Since his debut, Chan has won awards including nine "Supreme Grand Prix du Disque"; six "Grand Songs Awards" for "K Song King" (2000), "Magnificent Sunset" (2005), "Seven Hundred Years Later" (2009), "Flavors" (2012), "The Wind Took" (2013) and "Unconditional" (2015); "Male Singer Gold" and "Best Male Singer". He has won a number of Top Ten Golden Melody awards, Male Singer of the Year awards and Album Of The Year awards. In 1998, the songs "My Happy Times" and "Odyssey", gave a boost to Chan's career. In subsequentaward. Discography Studio Album Eason Chan 陳奕迅 (Cantonese, 1996) Tear 一滴眼淚 (Mandarin, 1996) Always With Me 與我常在 (Cantonese, 1997) Preparation 醞釀 (Mandarin, 1997) My Happy Time 我的快樂時代 (Cantonese, 1998) New Life 新生活 (Cantonese, 1998) God Bless Lover 天佑愛人 (Cantonese, 1999) Wedding Blessing 婚禮的祝福 (Mandarin, 1999) Happiness 幸福 (Cantonese, 1999) Nothing Really Matters (Cantonese, 2000) Some Like it Hot 打得火熱 (Cantonese, 2000) 68'29' (Cantonese, 2000) Shall We Dance? Shall We Talk! (Cantonese, 2001) It's Me 反正是我 (Mandarin, 2001) – Nominated for "Best Male Singer" in Golden Melody Awards, Harlem Yu was the winner The Easy Ride (Cantonese, 2001) Mixed Up (2001)Special Thanks To... (Mandarin,2002) – Won "Best Male Singer" & "Best Album of the year" in Golden Melody Awards, he is the only singer to win these two awards in the same year Five-star home 五星級的家 (Cantonese, 2002) The Line-Up (Cantonese, 2002) Black. White. Gray 黑白灰 (Mandarin, 2003) – Nominated for "Best Male Singer" in Golden Melody Awards, Sky Wu was the winner Live For Today (Cantonese, 2003) Seven 七 (Mandarin, 2003) I Had a Great Time (No release) U87 (Cantonese, 2005) – Recommended by Time Magazine as one of the five best Asian albums worth buying How 怎麼樣 (Mandarin,2005) Sound & Sight (2005) Great 5000 Secs Vol.1 and 2 (2005) Life Continues... (Cantonese, 2006) What's going on...? (Cantonese, 2006) My Great Age 我的最好時代 (Cantonese, 2006) Admit It 認了吧 (Mandarin, 2007) – Nominated for "Best Male Singer" in Golden Melody Awards, Gary Chaw was the winner Listen To Eason Chan 聽陳奕迅吧(Cantonese, 2007) Solidays (Cantonese, 2008) Don't Want To Let Go 不想放手 (Mandarin, 2008) – Won "Best Album of the year" & nominated for "Best Male Singer" in Golden Melody Awards, Jay Chou was the winner H³M (Cantonese, 2009) 5/F Blissful 上五樓的快活 (Mandarin, 2009) – Nominated for "Best Male Singer"(duet with Chinese badminton athlete) 春去也 (sung by William So) 刚刚好 (sung by Miriam Yeung) 无耻 (sung by Juno Mak) 可一可再（from the album Eason and the Duo Band) Filmography Eason Chan is a notable actor who has starred in multiple box office hits. Chan started to act in films in 1997. He has starred or co-starred in over 20 films so far. He was nominated for Best Supporting Actor by Hong Kong's Golden Film Awards in 2000 for his role in Lavender. In 2005, he was nominated for Best Actor by Hong Kong's Golden Bauhinia Awards for his work inCrazy N' The City. In 2008, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor by Taiwan's Golden Horse Awards for his work in Trivial Matters. In 2010, Eason Chan participated in the love comedy film "Love in Space" with Aaron Kwok, Kwai Lun Mei and René Liu. In 2011, Eason Chan participated in the love film "Mr And Mrs Single" with Michelle Bai, they played a couple who met again after divorce, found themselves and remarried. He voiced Po in the Cantonese version of Kungfu Panda in 2015. Besides that, he also starred in musical dramas "Office" with Chow Yun Fat,
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Sergeant Władysław Grydziuszko (1910–1946) was a soldier in the Polish Army during World War II. He was born on September 6, 1910 in the small rural village of Mikulicze, Poland. Prior to military service, Władysław worked as a master tailor until he was enlisted with the Polish Forces in 1939. On August 28, 1939 he was called from reserve and together with the Polish Police unit participated in the 1939 Invasion of Poland campaign. Grydziuszko was taken prisoner of war by the former Soviet Red Army and was held in the USSR. Following his ordeal on the basis of theSikorski-Maisky agreement of July 30, 1941, Władysław Grydziuszko was released for the purpose of joining the Polish Armed Forces in USSR. From 1942 to 1944 Władysław received military training by the British Army in the Middle East. Then in 1944 to 1946 he embarked on the Italian campaign. Battle at Monte Cassino Grydziuszko was primarily posted to the Fifth Field Artillery Regiment, and was later transferred to the Seventh on January 1, 1942. At Monte Cassino, the Polish Army was advancing against the Hitler Line, and on May 23 the Poles finally managed to break through attacking the village ofPiedimonte. Władysław, along with many other soldiers in the 2nd Polish Corps used stables and other local buildings to camouflage tanks and attack the advancing enemy from behind. In the following day the 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division breached the lines and on May, 25 the Poles cleared way for an advance onward to Rome. Władysław Grydziuszko, one of the tank commanders, was awarded the Cross of Valor (Krzyz Walecznych) for showing tremendous courage on the battlefield. During the battle, Grydziuszko was lightly wounded on October 17, 1944 and suffered minor spinal cord injuries from Nazi artillery fire. However, he quicklyrecovered and returned to the forces to serve for another two years. Other War Efforts Death and Aftermath Following the end of World War II, Władysław Grydziuszko was killed in an accident near Treia, Macerata in Italy on January 29, 1946. During a routine 2nd Armoured Brigade (Poland) training period, Władysław was killed when he fell underneath one of his tanks breaking his spine at the neck. The military considered his death "Killed in Action " (KIA) because he was on duty. His death was instantaneous, and soon afterward there was a memorial service held in his honor. Some 400
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The American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly is an American Thoroughbred horse racing honor awarded annually to a female horse in Thoroughbred flat racing. It became part of the Eclipse Awards program in 1971. The award originated in 1936 when both the Daily Racing Form (DRF) and Turf and Sports Digest (TSD) magazine began naming an annual champion. Starting in 1950, the Thoroughbred Racing Associations (TRA) began naming its own champion. The following list provides the name of the horses chosen by both of these organizations. There were several disagreements, with more than one champion being recognized on seven occasions. The DailyRacing Form, the Thoroughbred Racing Associations, and the National Turf Writers Association all joined forces in 1971 to create the Eclipse Award. In 1978, the voting resulted in a tie between two fillies. Champions from 1887 through 1935 were selected retrospectively by a panel of experts as published by The Blood-Horse magazine. Honorees Eclipse Awards Daily Racing Form, Turf & Sport Digest and Thoroughbred Racing Association Awards Daily Racing Form and Turf & Sport Digest Awards The Blood-Horse retrospective champions † Hamburg Belle was always the property of James B. A. Haggin but as a convenience raced under the name
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Gregory L. Nesbit (born 1971) is an American hip hop record producer and songwriter, better known by his stage name G-Whizz. Whizz has produced for artists such as Fred the Godson,French Montana , Yo Gotti , Ace Hood , Busta Rhymes , Nino Brown, and Father MC among others. Whizz is owner and operator of G-Whizz Productions LLC based in Historic Georgetown SC. He is best known for producing Nino Brown's "Tryna Come Up (Remix)" with fellow producer Jon-Oh, and Fred The Godson's "Armegeddon", which was the title track of his mixtape as he debut on XXL (magazine) Freshman Class
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Leon Maurice Joe (born October 26, 1981) is a former professional gridiron football linebacker. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Maryland. Over the course of his NFL career, Joe also played for the Arizona Cardinals, Buffalo Bills, Jacksonville Jaguars, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Detroit Lions. He also spent time in the Canadian Football League with both the Montreal Alouettes and Toronto Argonauts before retiring in 2010. External links Just Sports Stats Buffalo Bills bio Jacksonville Jaguars bio Maryland Terrapins bio Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio Category:1981
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Sir Eugene Aynsley Goossens (; 26 May 189313 June 1962) was an English conductor and composer. Biography He was born in Camden Town, London, the son of the Belgian conductor and violinist Eugène Goossens (fils, 1867–1958) and Annie Cook, a Carl Rosa Opera Company singer. He was the grandson of the conductor Eugène Goossens (père, 1845–1906; his father and grandfather spelled Eugène with a grave accent; he himself did not). He studied music at the age of ten in Bruges, three years later in Liverpool, and in 1907 in London on a scholarship at the Royal College of Music undercomposer Charles Villiers Stanford and the violinist Achille Rivarde among others. He won the silver medal of the Worshipful Company of Musicians and was made associate of the Royal College of Music. He was a violinist in Thomas Beecham's Queen's Hall Orchestra from 1912 to 1915 and performed in the Philharmonic Quartet before coming to attention as Beecham's assistant conductor with a performance of Stanford's opera The Critic (1916). In 1921 he decided to make conducting his career and founded his own orchestra; with this ensemble he made a number of gramophone records for Edison-Bell's Velvet Face label. He gavethe British concert premiere of Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring on 7 June 1921 at the Queen's Hall with the composer present. For nearly a quarter of a century, he accepted positions at U.S. orchestras. At the invitation of George Eastman he was conductor of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra from 1923 to 1931. This post also involved teaching at the Eastman School of Music. During the late 1920s he often conducted for Vladimir Rosing's American Opera Company, an organization which grew out of the Eastman School. From 1931 to 1946 he succeeded Fritz Reiner as the conductor of theCincinnati Symphony Orchestra. In a tribute to Goossens on his departure for Australia, nine American composers collaborated on Variations on a Theme by Eugene Goossens, for orchestra. The composers were Ernest Bloch, Aaron Copland, Paul Creston, Anis Fuleihan, Roy Harris, Walter Piston, Bernard Rogers, Roger Sessions and Deems Taylor, with Goossens himself writing the finale. Goossens spent nine years in Australia, from 1947 to 1956. He conducted the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and other groups, and was the director of the NSW State Conservatorium of Music. He held these positions concurrently until March 1956, when he was forced to resign aftera major public scandal, only a year after being knighted. Scandal In the early 1950s, Goossens met Rosaleen Norton, the so-called "Witch of Kings Cross". Norton was known as an artist of the grotesque and for her interest in the occult and erotica, which Goossens secretly shared. They conducted an intense affair, exchanging a number of passionate letters; although Goossens asked Norton to destroy all of them, she kept a bundle hidden behind a sofa. In early 1956, Goossens visited Europe, unaware that Sydney police were already in possession of his letters to Norton and photographs of her occult activities,which had been stolen from her flat by Sydney Sun reporter Joe Morris, who had infiltrated her supposed "coven". When Goossens returned to Australia on 9 March 1956, he was detained at Sydney Airport, following a tip-off by informants in London; his bags were searched by Customs officials, who found a large amount of what was then considered pornographic material, which included photographs, prints, books, a spool of film, some rubber masks, and sticks of incense. Although he was not immediately arrested or charged, Goossens naively agreed to attend a police interview a few days later, where he was confrontedwith photographs of Norton's "ceremonies" and his letters. Faced with the evidence of his affair with Norton – which left him open to the serious charge of "scandalous conduct" – Goossens was forced to plead guilty to the pornography charges. He paid a fine of £100; more significantly, the scandal ruined his reputation and forced him to resign from his positions. He returned to England in disgrace. The scandal was the basis of a novel, Pagan (1990), by Inez Baranay; it also inspired a play, The Devil is a Woman, by Louis Nowra and an opera, Eugene & Roie, bydestroyed". Nevertheless, he was engaged for work with the BBC, and Everest Records asked Goossens to make some stereo recordings. For Everest he completed a powerful recording of Respighi's Feste Romane just before his death and it was released as the sole selection on the LP. His other Everest recordings included Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade, Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, Tchaikovsky's Manfred Symphony, and the Symphonie Fantastique by Hector Berlioz. He died of rheumatic fever and a haemorrhaging gastric ulcer on 13 June 1962 at Hillingdon Hospital in Middlesex. He was buried in St Pancras and Islington Cemetery. He left his estate including copyrightsand royalties "to my faithful companion and assistant Miss Pamela Main". Music and Legacy Among his works as a composer are two symphonies (1940, 1945), two "Phantasy" concertos (one for piano, one for violin) both composed in the 1940s, two string quartets (1918, 1942), two violin sonatas (1918 and 1930) and a Concertino for string octet (1928) that became quite popular and was later re-scored for string orchestra. The Oboe Concerto (1927), was written for his brother, Léon Goossens. He wrote two operas, both with libretto by Arnold Bennett, which Banfield believes are among his major achievements: Judith (1929) andDon Juan de Manara (1935). The latter was broadcast by the BBC on 11 April 1959 with Monica Sinclair, Marie Collier, Helen Watts, Marion Lowe, Bruce Boyce, Robert Thomas and Andrei McPherson. The performance was conducted by Goossens himself. And between 1949 and 1954 he wrote a large-scale oratorio, The Apocalypse, after the Revelation of St. John. In 1942 Goossens wrote to several composers, including Aaron Copland, to request patriotic fanfares as "stirring and significant contributions to the war effort..." Copland responded to the request with his famous Fanfare for the Common Man. Eighteen fanfares were written by the differentcomposers and performed during the 1942/43 season of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. In 1941 he made the first American recording of the Symphony No. 2 by Tchaikovsky, with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. Goossens' recording ignored the cuts that were popular with conductors at that time. That same year, also with the Cincinnati Symphony, he recorded Vaughan Williams' A London Symphony, in its 1920 edition, and also the original version of Walton's Violin Concerto, with Jascha Heifetz as soloist. After his return to England, Goossens was approached by Beecham to arrange a modern symphony orchestra version of Handel's Messiah to markthe bicentenary of the composer's death in 1959. Goossens augmented the original orchestration with parts for four horns, three trombones, tuba, piccolo, contrabassoon, two harps, triangle, cymbals, and bass drum. Memorably, he added cymbal clashes on the second repeat of "Wonderful, Counsellor" in the chorus "For Unto Us A Child is Born", and introduced an accelerando at the climax of the Hallelujah Chorus. Beecham recorded the piece soon afterward with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and Goossens' version became synonymous with the conductor (but much less so with its orchestrator). Because of disputes around whose work the orchestration was, and thefact that the manuscript was held by the Beecham estate, despite it being claimed by Goossens' estate, it went unperformed for over 40 years. It went unrecorded for even longer, until a new recording appeared in 2020, again with the RPO, under Jonathan Griffith. For Kapp Records, he recorded a bilingual version of Peter and the Wolf in 1959, featuring the actor José Ferrer narrating the story in both English and Spanish. The music was played by the Vienna State Opera Orchestra. The performance was later released on CD by MCA Records. Goossens is credited for much of the lobbyingto the NSW Government to build a music performance venue, a process that led to the construction of the Sydney Opera House. Having agreed to go ahead with the project, the New South Wales Premier Joseph Cahill had wanted it to be on or near Wynyard Railway Station in the north-west of the CBD, but Goossens insisted that it be built at Bennelong Point overlooking Sydney Harbour. The site of Bennelong Point was confirmed in 1957, after he had left Australia. He is commemorated in the Eugene Goossens Hall, a small concert and recording facility that is part of thebroadcasting complex of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Harris Street, Ultimo, in Sydney. Bibliography Discography A far from complete listing: George Antheil: Symphony No 4 and Alberto Ginastera: Estancia ballet suite, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3013 (1958) Antheil: Symphony No 4 (and Aaron Copland: Statements for Orchestra, Aaron Copland conducting, London Symphony Orchestra), Omega/Everest CD reissue of 1958 LP: EVC 9039 (1996) John Antill: Corroboree ballet suite, Sydney Symphony Orchestra, HMVED1193-4/2A A206-9 (1950), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007) Antill: Corroboree ballet suite and Alberto Ginastera: Panambi ballet suite, London Symphony Orchestra, Sir Eugene Goosens, conductor,Everest stereo LP, SDBR 3003 Antill: Corroboree ballet suite and Alberto Ginastera: Panambi ballet suite, Estancia ballet suite, Heitor Villa-Lobos: The Little Train of the Caipira, London Symphony Orchestra, Omega/Everest CD reissue of 1958–59 Everest LPs: EVC 9007 (1994) Arnold Bax: Tintagel, New Symphony Orchestra of London, HMV C1619-20, CR2017-19, (1928), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007) Bax: Mediterranean, New Symphony Orchestra of London, HMV C1620 CR2025, (1928), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007) Bax: Symphony No. 2, BBC Symphony Orchestra, live broadcast, 2 November 1956, Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007) Hector Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, London Symphony Orchestra,Everest stereo LP (1959) SDBR 3037; reissued as Vanguard/Everest CD EVC 9017, (1995). Eugene Goossens: Four Conceits, Op.20 (~1917–1918), Goossens' Orchestra, cond. Eugene Goossens. Edison Bell 'Velvet-Face' 1042 (10" (25 cm) 78 rpm), masters 7325, 7326. Issued circa September 1922. Goossens: Tam O'Shanter, Op. 17a (1917), Royal Albert Hall Orchestra, HMV D694 Cc1777 (1922), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007) Edvard Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, London Philharmonic Orchestra, His Master's Voice/Electrola Paul Hindemith: Violin Concerto, Joseph Fuchs violin, London Symphony Orchestra, (with Hindemith: Symphony in E flat, Sir Adrian Boult conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra), Omega/Everest CDreissue of Everest 1958–59 LPs: EVC 9009 (1994). Felix Mendelssohn: [[Symphony No. 3 (Mendelssohn)|Symphony No. 3 Scottish]], BBC Symphony Orchestra, His Master's Voice BLP 1045 Mendelssohn: Symphonies Nos. [[Symphony No. 4 (Mendelssohn)|4 Italian]] and [[Symphony No. 5 (Mendelssohn)|5 Reformation]], London Philharmonic Orchestra, Saga XID 5056 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Violin Concerto No. 3 and Paul Hindemith: Violin Concerto (world premiere recording), Joseph Fuchs, violin, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3040 (1959) Modest Mussorgsky, orch. Maurice Ravel: Pictures at an Exhibition, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Pickwick SPC 4031 Ottorino Respighi: Feste Romane and Sergei Rachmaninoff: Symphonic Dances, London Symphony Orchestra, Evereststereo LP SDBR 3004, (1958) Respighi: Feste Romane (with Respighi: Pini di Roma and Fontane di Roma conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent), London Symphony Orchestra, Vanguard/Everest CD reissue EVC 9018 (1995) Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: Scheherazade, London Symphony Orchestra, World Record Club TP148 Franz Schubert, Symphony in B minor (Unfinished), Royal Opera House Orchestra, His Master's Voice/Electrola (1925) Igor Stravinsky: Petrouchka, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3033 (1959) Stravinsky: Symphony in Three Movements, London Symphony Orchestra, (and Stravinsky Ebony Concerto with Woody Herman orchestra) Everest stereo LP SDBR 3009 (1958) Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereoLP SDBR 3047 (1960) Stravinsky: Petrouchka, Symphony in Three Movements, London Symphony Orchestra, Vanguard/Everest CD reissue of Everest 1958 LPs: EVC 9042, (1996). Stravinsky: Petrouchka, Symphony in Three Movements, London Symphony Orchestra (and Stravinsky: Ebony Concerto with Woody Herman orchestra), Philips CD reissue of Everest 1958 LPs: Philips 422 303-2, (1989). Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps and Sergei Rachmaninoff: Symphonic Dances, London Symphony Orchestra, Vanguard/Everest CD reissue of 1960 & 1958 LPs: EVC 9002 (1994). Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps and Petrouchka, London Symphony Orchestra. Bescol/Compact Classics CD reissue of Everest 1959–1960 LPs: CD 514 (1987). Tchaikovsky: Manfred Symphony, LondonSymphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3035 (1959); reissued as Omega/Everest CD EVC 9025 (with Jean Sibelius: tone poem Tapiola, Tauno Hannikainen conducting the London Symphony Orchestra) (1996). Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture, Eugene Onegin Waltz, Royal Opera House Orchestra, His Master's Voice/Electrola Heitor Villa-Lobos: Little Train of the Caipira, Manuel de Falla: The Three-Cornered Hat World Record Club STP 164. References External links Eugene Goossens biography at Boosey & Hawkes Eugene Goossens in AusStage Category:1893 births Category:1962 deaths Category:People from Camden Town Category:People from Fulham Category:English people of Belgian descent Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Music Category:Sydney Conservatorium of Music
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Renala Khurd (Punjabi,) is a growing city in the Okara District in the northeast Punjab province of Pakistan. The city is the headquarters of Renala Khurd Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of the district. It is approximately above sea level. The city is about away from Lahore and away from the district capital city of Okara. It is southwest of Lahore on the national highway (GT Road) and on the Lahore Karachi main railway line. Renala Khurd operates on PKT (Pakistan Standard Time). Demographics With a radius of 7 km, it is home to over 100,000 inhabitants. The population of RenalaKhurd is over 90% Muslim. It has a Sunni majority and a Shia minority; there are also small groups of Christians, Hindus, and Sikhs. Due to its strategic location in the Indian sub-continent, many migrants have poured into the area and settled on its fertile lands. The people of Renala Khurd are descendants of Iranians, Turks, Afghans and Arabs who came individually or in groups. University Of Okara The University of Okara, previously known as the University of Education Okara campus, is 1 km west of the city. It was inaugurated in 2005 by then Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. It
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__NOTOC__ This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Adair County, Missouri. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Adair County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 20 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Current listings |} See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Missouri National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri References
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Haiti (; ; ), officially the Republic of Haiti (; ) and formerly called Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. Haiti is in size and has an estimatedpopulation of million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Cuba. The island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people, who migrated from South America. The first Europeans arrived on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, who initially believed he had found India or China. Columbus subsequently founded the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island was claimed by Spain and named La Española, forming part of the Spanish Empireuntil the early 17th century. However, competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France in 1697, which was subsequently named Saint-Domingue. French colonists established lucrative sugarcane plantations, worked by vast numbers of slaves brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the richest in the world. In the midst of the French Revolution (1789–99), slaves and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. After 12 years of conflict, Napoleon Bonaparte'sforces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804—the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country to abolish slavery, and the only state in history established by a successful slave revolt. Apart from Alexandre Pétion, the first President of the Republic, all of Haiti's first leaders were former slaves. After a brief period in which the country was split in two, President Jean-Pierre Boyer united the country and then attempted to bring the whole of Hispaniola under Haitiancontrol, precipitating a long series of wars that ended in the 1870s when Haiti formally recognised the independence of the Dominican Republic. Haiti's first century of independence was characterised by political instability, ostracism by the international community and the payment of a crippling debt to France. Political volatility and foreign economic influence in the country prompted the United States to occupy the country from 1915–1934. Following a series of short-lived presidencies, François 'Papa Doc' Duvalier took power in 1956, ushering in a long period of autocratic rule that was continued by his son Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier that lasted until1986; the period was characterised by state-sanctioned violence against the opposition and civilians, corruption and economic stagnation. Since 1986 Haiti has been attempting to establish a more democratic political system. Haiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the International Francophonie Organisation. In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas. Since the turn of the 21st century,the country has endured a coup d'état, which prompted a U.N. intervention, as well as a deadly earthquake that killed over 250,000. Etymology The name Haiti (or Hayti) comes from the indigenous Taíno language which was the native name given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean, "land of high mountains." The h is silent in French and the ï in Haïti has a diacritical mark used to show that the second vowel is pronounced separately, as in the word naïve. In English, this rule for the pronunciation is often disregarded, thus the spelling Haiti is used. There aredifferent anglicizations for its pronunciation such as HIGH-ti, high-EE-ti and haa-EE-ti, which are still in use, but HAY-ti is the most widespread and best-established. The name was restored by Haitian revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines as the official name of independent Saint-Domingue, as a tribute to the Amerindian predecessors. In French, Haiti's nickname is the "Pearl of the Antilles" (La Perle des Antilles) because of both its natural beauty, and the amount of wealth it accumulated for the Kingdom of France; during the 18th century the colony was the world's leading producer of sugar and coffee. History Pre-Columbian history The island ofHispaniola, of which Haiti occupies the western three-eighths, has been inhabited since about 5000 BC by groups of Native Americans thought to have arrived from Central or South America. Genetic studies show that some of these groups were related to the Yanomami of the Amazon Basin. Amongst these early settlers were the Ciboney peoples, followed by the Taíno, speakers of an Arawakan language, elements of which have been preserved in Haitian Creole. The Taíno name for the entire island was Haiti, or alternatively Quisqeya. In Taíno society the largest unit of political organisation was led by a cacique, or chief,as the Europeans understood them. The island of Hipaniola was divided among five 'caciquedoms': the Magua in the north east, the Marien in the north west, the Jaragua in the south west, the Maguana in the central regions of Cibao, and the Higüey in the south east. Taíno cultural artefacts include cave paintings in several locations in the country. These have become national symbols of Haiti and tourist attractions. Modern-day Léogâne, started as a French colonial town in the southwest, is beside the former capital of the caciquedom of Xaragua. Colonial era Spanish rule (1492–1625) Navigator Christopher Columbus landed inHaiti on 6 December 1492, in an area that he named Môle-Saint-Nicolas, and claimed the island for the Crown of Castile. Nineteen days later, his ship the Santa María ran aground near the present site of Cap-Haïtien. Columbus left 39 men on the island, who founded the settlement of La Navidad on 25 December 1492. Relations with the native peoples, initially good, broke down and the settlers were later killed by the Taíno. The sailors carried endemic Eurasian infectious diseases to which the native peoples lacked immunity, causing them to die in great numbers in epidemics. The first recorded smallpoxa result piracy became widespread, encouraged by European powers hostile to Spain such as France (based on Île de la Tortue) and England. The Spanish largely abandoned the western third of the island, focusing their colonisation effort on the eastern two-thirds. The western part of the island was thus gradually settled by French buccaneers; among them was Bertrand d'Ogeron, who succeeded in growing tobacco and recruited many French colonial families from Martinique and Guadeloupe. In 1697 France and Spain settled their hostilities on the island by way of the Treaty of Ryswick of 1697, which divided Hispaniola between them. Frenchrule (1625–1804) France received the western third and subsequently named it Saint-Domingue, the French equivalent of Santo Domingo, the Spanish colony on Hispaniola. The French set about creating sugar and coffee plantations, worked by vast numbers of slaves imported from Africa, and Saint-Domingue grew to become their richest colonial possession. The French settlers were outnumbered by slaves by almost 10 to 1. According to the 1788 Census, Haiti's population consisted of nearly 25,000 Europeans, 22,000 free coloreds and 700,000 African slaves. In contrast, by 1763 the white population of French Canada, a far larger territory, had numbered only 65,000. Inthe north of the island, slaves were able to retain many ties to African cultures, religion and language; these ties were continually being renewed by newly imported Africans. Some West African slaves held on to their traditional Vodou beliefs by secretly syncretising it with Catholicism. The French enacted the Code Noir ("Black Code"), prepared by Jean-Baptiste Colbert and ratified by Louis XIV, which established rules on slave treatment and permissible freedoms. Saint-Domingue has been described as one of the most brutally efficient slave colonies; one-third of newly imported Africans died within a few years. Many slaves died from diseases suchslavery and they established a separate social class. White French Creole fathers frequently sent their mixed-race sons to France for their education. Some men of colour were admitted into the military. More of the free people of colour lived in the south of the island, near Port-au-Prince, and many intermarried within their community. They frequently worked as artisans and tradesmen, and began to own some property, including slaves of their own. The free people of color petitioned the colonial government to expand their rights. The brutality of slave life led many slaves to escape to mountainous regions, where they setup their own autonomous communities and became known as Maroons. One Maroon leader, François Mackandal, led a rebellion in the 1750s, however he was later captured and executed by the French. Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) Inspired by the French Revolution of 1789 and principles of the rights of man, the French settlers and free people of colour pressed for greater political freedom and more civil rights. Tensions between these two groups led to conflict, as a militia of free-coloureds was set up in 1790 by Vincent Ogé, resulting in his capture, torture and execution. Sensing an opportunity, in August 1791 thefirst slave armies were established in northern Haiti under the leadership of Toussaint Louverture inspired by the Vodou houngan (priest) Boukman, and backed by the Spanish in Santo Domingo – soon a full-blown slave rebellion had broken out across the entire colony. In 1792, the French government sent three commissioners with troops to re-establish control; to build an alliance with the gens de couleur and slaves commissioners Léger-Félicité Sonthonax and Étienne Polverel abolished slavery in the colony. Six months later, the National Convention, led by Maximilien de Robespierre and the Jacobins, endorsed abolition and extended it to all the Frenchcolonies. Political leaders in the United States, which was a new republic itself, reacted with ambivalence, at times providing aid to enable planters to put down the revolt. Later in the revolution, the US provided support to native Haitian military forces, with the goal of reducing French influence in North America and the Caribbean. With slavery abolished, Toussaint Louverture pledged allegiance to France, and he fought off the British and Spanish forces who had taken advantage of the situation and invaded Saint-Domingue. The Spanish were later forced to cede their part of the island to France under the terms ofFrench achieved some victories, but within a few months most of their army had died from yellow fever. Ultimately more than 50,000 French troops died in an attempt to retake the colony, including 18 generals. The French managed to capture Louverture, transporting him to France for trial. He was imprisoned at Fort de Joux, where he died in 1803 of exposure and possibly tuberculosis. The slaves, along with free gens de couleur and allies, continued their fight for independence, led by generals Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Alexandre Pétion and Henry Christophe. The rebels finally managed to decisively defeat the French troops atthe Battle of Vertières on 18 November 1803, leading the first ever nation to successfully gain independence through a slave revolt. Later that year France withdrew its remaining 7,000 troops from the island and Napoleon gave up his idea of re-establishing a North American empire, selling Louisiana (New France) to the United States, in the Louisiana Purchase. It has been estimated that between 24,000 and 100,000 Europeans, and between 100,000 and 350,000 Haitian ex-slaves, died in the revolution. In the process, Dessalines became arguably the most successful military commander in the struggle against Napoleonic France. Independent Haiti First Empire (1804–1806)The independence of Saint-Domingue was proclaimed under the native name 'Haiti' by Dessalines on 1 January 1804 in Gonaïves and he was proclaimed "Emperor for Life" as Emperor Jacques I by his troops. Dessalines at first offered protection to the white planters and others. However, once in power, he ordered the massacre of nearly all white men, women, children; between January and April 1804, 3,000 to 5,000 whites were killed, including those who had been friendly and sympathetic to the black population. Only three categories of white people were selected out as exceptions and spared: Polish soldiers, the majority ofwithdrew in 1861 to form the Confederacy. The revolution led to a wave of emigration. In 1809, 9,000 refugees from Saint-Domingue, both white planters and people of color, settled en masse in New Orleans, doubling the city's population, having been expelled from their initial refuge in Cuba by Spanish authorities. In addition, the newly arrived slaves added to the city's African population. In Haiti the plantation system was reestablished, albeit for wages, however many Haitians resented the heavy-handed manner in which this was enforced and their marginalisation in the new nation's politics. The rebel movement splintered, and Dessalines was assassinatedby rivals on 17 October 1806. State of Haiti, Kingdom of Haiti and the Republic (1806–1820) After Dessalines' death Haiti became split into two, with the Kingdom of Haiti in the north directed by Henri Christophe, later declaring himself Henri I, and a republic in the south centred on Port-au-Prince, directed by Alexandre Pétion, an homme de couleur. Christophe established a semi-feudal corvée system, with a rigid education and economic code. Pétion's republic was less absolutist, and he initiated a series of land reforms which benefited the peasant class. President Pétion also gave military and financial assistance to the revolutionaryunite the entire island by force and ending slavery in Santo Domingo. Struggling to revive the agricultural economy to produce commodity crops, Boyer passed the Code Rural, which denied peasant labourers the right to leave the land, enter the towns, or start farms or shops of their own, causing much resentment as most peasants wished to have their own farms rather than work on plantations. The American Colonization Society (ACS) encouraged free blacks in the United States to emigrate to Haiti. Starting in September 1824, more than 6,000 African Americans migrated to Haiti, with transportation paid by the ACS. Manyfound the conditions too harsh and returned to the United States. In July 1825, King Charles X of France, during a period of restoration of the French monarchy, sent a fleet to reconquer the island. Under pressure, President Boyer agreed to a treaty by which France formally recognised the independence of the nation in exchange for a payment of 150 million francs. By an order of 17 April 1826, the King of France renounced his rights of sovereignty and formally recognised the independence of Haiti. The enforced payments to France hampered Haiti's economic growth for years, exacerbated by the factthat many Western nations continued to refuse formal diplomatic recognition to Haiti; Britain recognised Haitian independence in 1833, and the United States not until 1862. Haiti borrowed heavily from Western banks at extremely high interest rates to repay the debt. Although the amount of the reparations was reduced to 90 million in 1838, by 1900 80% of the country's gross domestic product was being spent on debt repayment and the country did not finish repaying it until 1947. Loss of the Spanish portion of the island After losing the support of Haiti's elite Boyer was ousted in 1843, with CharlesPierrot's most pressing duty as the new president was to check the incursions of the Dominicans, who were harassing the Haitian troops. Dominican gunboats were also making depredations on Haiti's coasts. President Pierrot decided to open a campaign against the Dominicans, whom he considered merely as insurgents, however the Haitian offensive of 1845 was stopped on the frontier. On 1 January 1846 Pierrot announced a fresh campaign to re-imposed Haitian suzerainty over eastern Hispaniola, but his officers and men greeted this fresh summons with contempt. Thus, a month later – February 1846 – when Pierrot ordered his troops to marchagainst the Dominicans, the Haitian army mutinied, and its soldiers proclaimed his overthrow as president of the republic. With the war against the Dominicans having become very unpopular in Haiti, it was beyond the power of the new president, General Jean-Baptiste Riché, to stage another invasion. Second Empire (1849–1859) On 27 February 1847, President Riché died after only a year in power and was replaced by an obscure officer, General Faustin Soulouque. During the first two years of Soulouque's administration the conspiracies and opposition he faced in retaining power were so manifold that the Dominicans were given a further breathingspace in which to consolidate their independence. But, when in 1848 France finally recognised the Dominican Republic as a free and independent state and provisionally signed a treaty of peace, friendship, commerce and navigation, Haiti immediately protested, claiming the treaty was an attack upon their own security. Soulouque decided to invade the new Republic before the French Government could ratify the treaty. On 21 March 1849, Haitian soldiers attacked the Dominican garrison at Las Matas. The demoralised defenders offered almost no resistance before abandoning their weapons. Soulouque pressed on, capturing San Juan. This left only the town of Azua asthe remaining Dominican stronghold between the Haitian army and the capital. On 6 April, Azua fell to the 18,000-strong Haitian army, with a 5,000-man Dominican counterattack failing to oust them. The way to Santo Domingo was now clear. But the news of discontent existing at Port-au-Prince, which reached Soulouque, arrested his further progress and caused him to return with the army to his capital. Emboldened by the sudden retreat of the Haitian army, the Dominicans counter-attacked. Their flotilla went as far as Dame-Marie, which they plundered and set on fire. Soulouque, now self-proclaimed as Emperor Faustin I, decided to starta new campaign against them. In 1855, he again invaded the territory of the Dominican Republic. But owing to insufficient preparation, the army was soon in want of victuals and ammunition. In spite of the bravery of the soldiers, the Emperor had once more to give up the idea of a unified Hispaniola under Haitian control. After this campaign, Britain and France interfered and obtained an armistice on behalf of the Dominicans, who declared independence as the Dominican Republic. The sufferings endured by the soldiers during the campaign of 1855, and the losses and sacrifices inflicted on the country withoutyielding any compensation or any practical results provoked great discontent. In 1858 a revolution began, led by General Fabre Geffrard, Duke of Tabara. In December of that year, Geffrard defeated the Imperial Army and seized control of most of the country. As a result, the Emperor abdicated his throne on 15 January 1859. Refused aid by the French Legation, Faustin was taken into exile aboard a British warship on 22 January 1859, and General Geffrard succeeded him as President. Late 19th century–early 20th century The period following Soulouque's overthrow down to the turn of the century was a turbulent onefor Haiti, with repeated bouts of political instability. President Geffrard was overthrown in a coup in 1867, as was his successor, Sylvain Salnave, in 1869. Under the Presidency of Michel Domingue (1874–76) relations with the Dominican Republic were dramatically improved by the signing of a treaty, in which both parties acknowledged the independence of the other, bringing an end to Haitian dreams of bringing the entirety of Hispaniola under their control. Some modernisation of the economy and infrastructure also occurred in this period, especially under the Presidencies of Lysius Salomon (1879–88) and Florvil Hyppolite (1889–96). Haiti's relations with outside powerswere often strained. In 1889 the United States attempted to force Haiti to permit the building of a naval base at Môle Saint-Nicolas, which was firmly resisted by President Hyppolite. In 1892 the German government supported suppression of the reform movement of Anténor Firmin, and in 1897, the Germans used gunboat diplomacy to intimidate and then humiliate the Haitian government of President Tirésias Simon Sam (1896–1902) during the Lüders Affair. In the first decades of the 20th century, Haiti experienced great political instability and was heavily in debt to France, Germany and the United States. A series of short livedpresidencies came and went: President Pierre Nord Alexis was forced from power in 1908, as was his successor François C. Antoine Simon in 1911; President Cincinnatus Leconte (1911–12) was killed in a (possibly deliberate) explosion at the National Palace; Michel Oreste (1913–14) was ousted in a coup, as was his successor Oreste Zamor in 1914. United States occupation (1915–1934) Germany increased its influence in Haiti in this period, with a small community of German settlers wielding disproportionate influence in Haiti's economy. The German influence prompted anxieties in the United States, who had also invested heavily in the country, and whosegovernment defended their right to oppose foreign interference in the Americas under the Monroe Doctrine. In December 1914 the Americans removed $500,000 from the Haitian National Bank, but rather than seize it to help pay the debt, it was removed for safe-keeping in New York, thus giving the United States control of the bank and preventing other powers from doing so. This gave a stable financial base on which to build the economy, and so enable the debt to be repaid. In 1915 Haiti's new President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam sought to strengthen his tenuous rule by a mass execution of167 political prisoners. Outrage at the killings led to riots, and Sam was captured and killed by a lynch mob. Fearing possible foreign intervention, or the emergence of a new government led by the anti-American Haitian politician Rosalvo Bobo, President Woodrow Wilson sent U.S. Marines into Haiti in July 1915. The , under Rear Admiral Caperton, arrived in Port-au-Prince in an attempt to restore order and protect U.S. interests. Within days, the Marines had taken control of the capital city and its banks and customs house. The Marines declared martial law and severely censored the press. Within weeks, a newpro-U.S. Haitian president, Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, was installed and a new constitution written that was favourable to the interests of the United States. The constitution (written by future US President Franklin D. Roosevelt) included a clause that allowed, for the first time, foreign ownership of land in Haiti, which was bitterly opposed by the Haitian legislature and citizenry. The occupation greatly improved some of Haiti's infrastructure and centralised power in Port-au-Prince. Infrastructure improvements were particularly impressive: 1700 km of roads were made usable, 189 bridges were built, many irrigation canals were rehabilitated, hospitals, schools, and public buildings were constructed, anddrinking water was brought to the main cities. Port-au-Prince became the first Caribbean city to have a phone service with automatic dialling. Agricultural education was organised, with a central school of agriculture and 69 farms in the country. However many infrastructure projects were built using the corvée system that allowed the government/occupying forces to take people from their homes and farms, at gunpoint if necessary, to build roads, bridges etc. by force, a process that was deeply resented by ordinary Haitians. Sisal was also introduced to Haiti, and sugarcane and cotton became significant exports, boosting prosperity. Haitian traditionalists, based inthe pacification period, four or five times that – somewhere in the neighborhood of 15,000 persons." This is not supported by most historians outside Haiti. Recognition of the distinctive traditionalism of the Haitian people had an influence on United States writers, including Eugene O'Neill, James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Orson Welles. Post-occupation era (1934–1957) After US forces left in 1934, Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo used anti-Haitian sentiment as a nationalist tool. In an event that became known as the Parsley Massacre, he ordered his army to kill Haitians living on the Dominican side of the border.Few bullets were used – instead, 20,000–30,000 Haitians were bludgeoned and bayonetted, then herded into the sea, where sharks finished what Trujillo had begun. Congressman Hamilton Fish, ranking member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, called the Parsley Massacre "the most outrageous atrocity that has ever been perpetrated on the American continent." President Vincent became increasingly dictatorial, and under US pressure he resigned in 1941, being replaced by Élie Lescot (1941–46). In 1941, during the Second World War, Lescot declared war on Japan (8 December), Germany (12 December), Italy (12 December), Bulgaria (24 December), Hungary (24 December) and Romania (24December). Out of these six Axis countries, only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Haiti on the same day (24 December 1941). On 27 September 1945, Haiti became a founding member of the United Nations (the successor to the League of Nations, of which Haiti was also a founding member). In 1946 Lescot was overthrown by the military, with Dumarsais Estimé later becoming the new president (1946–50). He sought to improve the economy and education, and to boost the role of black Haitians, however as he sought to consolidate his rule he too was overthrown in a coup led by PaulMagloire, who replaced him as president (1950–56). Firmly anti-Communist, he was supported by the United States; with greater political stability tourists started to visit Haiti. The waterfront area of Port-au-Prince was redeveloped to allow cruise ship passengers to walk from the docks to cultural attractions. Celebrities such as Truman Capote and Noël Coward visited Haiti; the era is captured in Graham Greene's 1966 novel The Comedians. Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986) In 1956–57 Haiti underwent severe political turmoil; Magloire was forced to resign and leave the country in 1956 and he was followed by four short-lived presidencies. In the September 1957 electionDr. François Duvalier was elected President of Haiti. Known as 'Papa Doc' and initially popular, Duvalier remained President until his death in 1971. He advanced black interests in the public sector, where over time, people of colour had predominated as the educated urban elite. Not trusting the army, despite his frequent purges of officers deemed disloyal, Duvalier created a private militia known as Tontons Macoutes ("Bogeymen"), which maintained order by terrorising the populace and political opponents. In 1964 Duvalier proclaimed himself 'President for Life'; an uprising against his rule that year in Jérémie was violently suppressed, with the ringleaders publiclyexecuted and hundreds of mixed-raced citizens in the town killed. The bulk of the educated and professional class began leaving the country, and corruption became widespread. Duvalier sought to create a personality cult, identifying himself with Baron Samedi, one of the loa, or spirits, of Haitian Vodou. Despite the well-publicised abuses under his rule, Duvalier's firm anti-Communism earned him the support of the Americans, who burnished the country with aid. In 1971 Duvalier died, and he was succeeded by his son Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed 'Baby Doc', who ruled until 1986. He largely continued his father's policies, though curbed some ofthe worst excesses in order to court international respectability. Tourism, which had nosedived in Papa Docs time, again became a growing industry. However as the economy continued to decline Baby Doc's grip on power began to weaken. Haiti's pig population was slaughtered following an outbreak of swine fever in the late 1970s, causing hardship to rural communities who used them as an investment. The opposition began to become more vocal, bolstered by a visit to the country by Pope John Paul II in 1983, who publicly lambasted the president. Demonstrations occurred in Gonaïves in 1985 which then spread across thecountry; under pressure from the United States, Duvalier left the country for France in February 1986. In total, roughly 40,000 to 60,000 Haitians are estimated to have been killed during the reign of the Duvaliers. Massive corruption and the brain-drain of skilled Haitians retarded the country's development and Haiti became the poorest country in the Western hemisphere. Post-Duvalier era (1986–2004) Following Duvalier's departure, army leader General Henri Namphy headed a new National Governing Council. Elections scheduled for November 1987 were aborted after dozens of inhabitants were shot in the capital by soldiers and Tontons Macoutes. Fraudulent elections followed in 1988,was overthrown by the military, led by Raoul Cédras, in the 1991 Haitian coup d'état. Amidst the continuing turmoil many Haitians attempted to flee the country. In September 1994, the United States negotiated the departure of Haiti's military leaders and the peaceful entry of 20,000 US troops under Operation Uphold Democracy. This enabled the restoration of the democratically elected Jean-Bertrand Aristide as president, who returned to Haiti in October to complete his term. As part of the deal Aristide had to implement free market reforms in an attempt to improve the Haitian economy, with mixed results, some sources stating thatthese reforms had a negative impact on native Haitian industry. In November 1994, Hurricane Gordon brushed Haiti, dumping heavy rain and creating flash flooding that triggered mudslides. Gordon killed an estimated 1,122 people, although some estimates go as high as 2,200. Elections were held in 1995 which were won by René Préval, gaining 88% of the popular vote, albeit on a low turnout. Aristide subsequently formed his own party, Fanmi Lavalas, and political deadlock ensued; the November 2000 election returned Aristide to the presidency with 92% of the vote. The election had been boycotted by the opposition, then organised intothe Convergence Démocratique, over a dispute in the May legislative elections. In subsequent years, there was increasing violence between rival political faction and human rights abuses. Aristide spent years negotiating with the Convergence Démocratique on new elections, but the Convergence's inability to develop a sufficient electoral base made elections unattractive. In 2004 an anti-Aristide revolt began in northern Haiti. The rebellion eventually reached the capital, and Aristide was forced into exile. The precise nature of the events are disputed; some, including Aristide and his bodyguard, Franz Gabriel, stated that he was the victim of a "new coup d'état or modernkidnapping" by U.S. forces. Mrs. Aristide stated that the kidnappers wore U.S. Special Forces uniforms, but changed into civilian clothes upon boarding the aircraft that was used to remove Aristide from Haiti. These charges were denied by the US government. As political violence and crime continued to grow, a United Nations Stabilisation Mission (MINUSTAH) was brought in to maintain order. Howeever MINUSTAH proved controversial, as their at times heavy-handed approach to maintaining law and order and several instances of abuses, including the alleged sexual abuse of civilians, provoked resentment and distrust amongst ordinary Haitians. Boniface Alexandre assumed interim authority until2006, when René Préval was re-elected President following elections. Post-Aristide era (2004–present) Amidst the continuing political chaos, a series of natural disasters hit Haiti. In 2004 Tropical Storm Jeanne skimmed the north coast, leaving 3,006 people dead in flooding and mudslides, mostly in the city of Gonaïves. In 2008 Haiti was again struck by tropical storms; Tropical Storm Fay, Hurricane Gustav, Hurricane Hanna and Hurricane Ike all produced heavy winds and rain, resulting in 331 deaths and about 800,000 in need of humanitarian aid. The state of affairs produced by these storms was intensified by already high food and fuelprices that had caused a food crisis and political unrest in April 2008. On 12 January 2010, at 4:53pm local time, Haiti was struck by a magnitude-7.0 earthquake. This was the country's most severe earthquake in over 200 years. The earthquake was reported to have left between 220,000 and 300,000 people dead and up to 1.6 million homeless. The situation was exacerbated by a subsequent massive cholera outbreak that was triggered when cholera-infected waste from a United Nations peacekeeping station contaminated the country's main river, the Artibonite. In 2017, it was reported that roughly 10,000 Haitians had died and nearlya million had been made ill. After years of denial the United Nations apologised in 2016, but , they have refused to acknowledge fault, thus avoiding financial responsibility. General elections had been planned for January 2010 but were postponed due to the earthquake. Elections were held on 28 November 2010 for the senate, the parliament and the first round of the presidential elections. The run-off between Michel Martelly and Mirlande Manigat took place on 20 March 2011, and preliminary results, released on 4 April, named Michel Martelly the winner. In 2011 both former dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier and Jean-Bertrand Aristide returnedto Haiti; attempts to try Duvalier for crimes committed under his rule were shelved following his death in 2014. In 2013, Haiti called for European nations to pay reparations for slavery and establish an official commission for the settlement of past wrongdoings. Meanwhile, after continuing political wrangling with the opposition and allegations of electoral fraud, Martelly agreed to step down in 2016 without having a successor in place. An interim president, Jocelerme Privert, then took office. After numerous postponements, partly owing to the effects of another devastating hurricane, elections were eventually held in November 2016. The victor, Jovenel Moïse ofthe Haitian Tèt Kale Party, was subsequently sworn in as president in 2017. The 2018–2019 Haitian protests are demonstrations in cities throughout Haiti that began on 7 July 2018, in response to increased fuel prices. Over time these protests evolved into demands for the resignation of president Moïse. Geography Haiti forms the western third of Hispaniola, the second largest island in the Greater Antilles. At 27,750 sq km Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean behind Cuba and the Dominican Republic, the latter sharing a border with Haiti. The country has a roughly horseshoe shape and because ofthis it has a disproportionately long coastline, second in length () behind Cuba in the Greater Antilles. Haiti is the most mountainous nation in the Caribbean, its terrain consist of mountains interspersed with small coastal plains and river valleys. The climate is tropical, with some variation depending on altitude. The highest point is Pic la Selle, at . The northern region consists of the Massif du Nord (Northern Massif) and the Plaine du Nord (Northern Plain). The Massif du Nord is an extension of the Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic. It begins at Haiti's eastern border, north of theGuayamouc River, and extends to the northwest through the northern peninsula. The lowlands of the Plaine du Nord lie along the northern border with the Dominican Republic, between the Massif du Nord and the North Atlantic Ocean. The central region consists of two plains and two sets of mountain ranges. The Plateau Central (Central Plateau) extends along both sides of the Guayamouc River, south of the Massif du Nord. It runs from the southeast to the northwest. To the southwest of the Plateau Central are the Montagnes Noires, whose most northwestern part merges with the Massif du Nord. Haiti's mostimportant valley in terms of crops is the Plaine de l'Artibonite, which lies between the Montagnes Noires and the Chaîne des Matheux. This region supports the country's (also Hispaniola's) longest river, the Riviere l'Artibonite, which begins in the western region of the Dominican Republic and continues for most of its length through central Haiti, where it then empties into the Golfe de la Gonâve. Also in this valley lies Haiti's second largest lake, Lac de Péligre, formed as a result of the construction of the Péligre Dam in the mid-1950s. The southern region consists of the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac (thesoutheast) and the mountainous southern peninsula (also known as the Tiburon Peninsula). The Plaine du Cul-de-Sac is a natural depression that harbours the country's saline lakes, such as Trou Caïman and Haiti's largest lake, Étang Saumatre. The Chaîne de la Selle mountain range – an extension of the southern mountain chain of the Dominican Republic (the Sierra de Baoruco) – extends from the Massif de la Selle in the east to the Massif de la Hotte in the west. Haiti also includes several offshore islands. The island of Tortuga (Île de la Tortue) is located off the coast of northernHaiti. The arrondissement of La Gonâve is located on the island of the same name, in the Golfe de la Gonâve; Haiti's largest island, Gonâve is moderately populated by rural villagers. Île à Vache (Cow Island) is located off the southwest coast; also part of Haiti are the Cayemites, located in the Gulf of Gonâve north of Pestel. La Navasse (Navassa Island), located west of Jérémie on the south west peninsula of Haiti, is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute with the United States, who currently administer the island via the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Climate Haiti's climateis tropical with some variation depending on altitude. Port-au-Prince ranges in January from an average minimum of to an average maximum of ; in July, from . The rainfall pattern is varied, with rain heavier in some of the lowlands and the northern and eastern slopes of the mountains. Haiti's dry season occurs from November to January. Port-au-Prince receives an average annual rainfall of . There are two rainy seasons, April–June and October–November. Haiti is subject to periodic droughts and floods, made more severe by deforestation. Hurricanes are a menace, and the country is also prone to drought, flooding andearthquakes. Geology There are blind thrust faults associated with the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system over which Haiti lies. After the earthquake of 2010, there was no evidence of surface rupture and geologists' findings were based on seismological, geological and ground deformation data. The northern boundary of the fault is where the Caribbean tectonic plate shifts eastwards by about per year in relation to the North American plate. The strike-slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional-Oriente fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault in the south. A 2007 earthquake hazard study, noted thatthe Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone could be at the end of its seismic cycle and concluded that a worst-case forecast would involve a 7.2 Mw earthquake, similar in size to the 1692 Jamaica earthquake. A study team presented a hazard assessment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system to the 18th Caribbean Geologic Conference in March 2008, noting the large strain. The team recommended "high priority" historical geologic rupture studies, as the fault was fully locked and had recorded few earthquakes in the preceding 40 years. An article published in Haiti's Le Matin newspaper in September 2008 cited comments by geologistPatrick Charles to the effect that there was a high risk of major seismic activity in Port-au-Prince; and duly the magnitude 7.0 2010 Haiti earthquake happened on this fault zone on 12 January 2010. Haiti also has rare elements such as gold, which can be found at The Mont Organisé gold mine. Environment The soil erosion released from the upper catchments and deforestation have caused periodic and severe flooding in Haiti, as experienced, for example, on 17 September 2004. Earlier in May that year, floods had killed over 3,000 people on Haiti's southern border with the Dominican Republic. Haiti's forestscovered 60% of the country as recently as 50 years ago, but today, according to more in-depth environmental analysis, the country yields approximately 30% tree cover, a stark difference from the often cited figure of 2% which has been widely circulated in discourse concerning Haiti. Scientists at the Columbia University's Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) and the United Nations Environment Programme are working on the Haiti Regenerative Initiative an initiative aiming to reduce poverty and natural disaster vulnerability in Haiti through ecosystem restoration and sustainable resource management. Wildlife Flora Despite its small size, Haiti's mountainous terrain andresultant multiple climactic zones has resulted in a wide variety of plant life. Notable tree species include the breadfruit tree, mango tree, acacia, mahogany, coconut palm, royal palm and West Indian cedar. The forests were formerly much more extensive, but have been subject to severe deforestation. Fauna Most mammal species are not native, having being brought to the island since colonial times. However there are various native bat species, as well as the endemic Hispaniolan hutia and Hispaniolan solenodon. Various whale and dolphin species can also be found off Haiti's coast. There are over 260 species of bird, 31 ofthese being endemic to Hispaniola. Notable endemic species include the Hispaniola trogon, Hispaniola parakeet, grey-crowned tanager and the Hispaniola Amazon. There are also several raptor species, as well as pelicans, ibis, hummingbirds and ducks. Reptiles are common, with species such as the rhinoceros iguana, Haitian boa, American crocodile and gecko. Government and politics The government of Haiti is a semi-presidential republic, a multiparty system wherein the president of Haiti is head of state elected directly by popular elections held every five years. The prime minister of Haiti acts as head of government and is appointed by the president, chosen fromthe majority party in the National Assembly. Executive power is exercised by the president and prime minister who together constitute the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the National Assembly of Haiti, the Senate (Sénat) and the Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Députés). The government is organised unitarily, thus the central government delegates powers to the departments without a constitutional need for consent. The current structure of Haiti's political system was set forth in the Constitution of Haiti on 29 March 1987. Haitian politics have been contentious: since independence, Haiti has suffered32 coups. Haiti is the only country in the Western Hemisphere to undergo a successful slave revolution; however, a long history of oppression by dictators such as François Duvalier and his son Jean-Claude Duvalier has markedly affected the nation. Since the end of the Duvalier era Haiti has been transitioning to a democratic system. Administrative divisions Administratively, Haiti is divided into ten departments. The departments are listed below, with the departmental capital cities in parentheses. Nord-Ouest (Port-de-Paix) Nord (Cap-Haïtien) Nord-Est (Fort-Liberté) Artibonite (Gonaïves) Centre (Hinche) Ouest (Port-au-Prince) Grand'Anse (Jérémie) Nippes (Miragoâne) Sud (Les Cayes) Sud-Est (Jacmel) The departments are furtherdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes and 571 communal sections. These serve as, respectively, second- and third-level administrative divisions. Foreign relations Haiti is a member of a wide range of international and regional organisations, such as the United Nations, Caricom, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, International Monetary Fund, Organisation of American States, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, OPANAL and the World Trade Organization. In February 2012, Haiti signalled it would seek to upgrade its observer status to full associate member status of the African Union (AU). The AU was reported to be planning to upgrade Haiti's status fromobserver to associate at its June 2013 summit but the application had still not been ratified by May 2016. Military Haiti's Ministry of Defense is the main body of the armed forces. The former Haitian Armed Forces were demobilised in 1995, however efforts to reconstitute it are currently underway. The current defence force for Haiti is the Haitian National Police, which has a highly trained SWAT team, and works alongside the Haitian Coast Guard. In 2010, the Haitian National Police force numbered 7,000. Law enforcement and crime The legal system is based on a modified version of the Napoleonic Code.Haiti has consistently ranked among the most corrupt countries in the world on the Corruption Perceptions Index. According to a 2006 report by the Corruption Perceptions Index, there is a strong correlation between corruption and poverty in Haiti. The nation ranked first of all countries surveyed for of levels of perceived domestic corruption. It is estimated that President "Baby Doc" Duvalier, his wife Michelle, and their agents stole US $504 million from the country's treasury between 1971 and 1986. Similarly, after the Haitian Army folded in 1995, the Haitian National Police (HNP) gained sole power of authority on the Haitiancitizens. Many Haitians as well as observers of the Haitian society believe that this monopolized power could have given way to a corrupt police force. Similarly, some media outlets alleged that millions were stolen by former president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. In March 2004, at the time of Aristide's kidnapping, a BBC article wrote that the Bush administration State Department stated that Aristide had been involved in drug trafficking. The BBC also described pyramid schemes, in which Haitians lost hundreds of millions in 2002, as the "only real economic initiative" of the Aristide years. Conversely, according to the 2013 United Nations Officeon Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report, murder rates in Haiti (10.2 per 100,000) are far below the regional average (26 per 100,000); less than that of Jamaica (39.3 per 100,000) and nearly that of the Dominican Republic (22.1 per 100,000), making it among the safer countries in the region. In large part, this is due to the country's ability to fulfil a pledge by increasing its national police yearly by 50%, a four-year initiative that was started in 2012. In addition to the yearly recruits, the Haitian National Police (HNP) has been using innovative technologies to crack down on crime.A notable bust in recent years led to the dismantlement of the largest kidnapping ring in the country with the use of an advanced software program developed by a West Point-trained Haitian official that proved to be so effective that it has led to its foreign advisers to make inquiries. In 2010, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) sent a team of veteran officers to Haiti to assist in the rebuilding of its police force with special training in investigative techniques, strategies to improve the anti-kidnapping personnel and community outreach to build stronger relationships with the public especially amongthe youth. It has also helped the HNP set up a police unit in the center of Delmas, a neighborhood of Port-au-Prince. In 2012 and 2013, 150 HNP officers received specialized training funded by the US government, which also contributed to the infrastructure and communications support by upgrading radio capacity and constructing new police stations from the most violent-prone neighborhoods of Cité Soleil and Grande Ravine in Port-au-Prince to the new northern industrial park at Caracol. Haitian penitentiary system Port-au-Prince penitentiary is home to half of Haiti's prisoners. The prison has a capacity of 1,200 detainees but the penitentiary wasobliged to keep 4,359 detainees, a 454% occupancy level. This leads to severe consequences for the inmates. One cell could hold up to 60 inmates which was originally designed for only 18, therefore creating tight and uncomfortable living conditions. The inmates are forced to create makeshift hammocks from the wall and ceilings. The men are on a 22/ 23 hour lock up in the cells so the risk of diseases is very high. Unable to receive sufficient funds from the government as Haiti endures severe natural disasters which takes up their attention and resources, such as the 2010 earthquake, hascaused deadly cases of malnutrition, combined with the tight living conditions, increases the risk of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis which has led to 21 deaths in January 2017 alone at the Port-au-Prince penitentiary. Haitian law states that once arrested, one must go before a judge within 48 hours; however, this is very rare. In an interview with Unreported World, the prison governor stated that around 529 detainees were never sentenced, there are 3,830 detainees who are in prolonged detained trial detention. Therefore, 80% are not convicted. Unless families are able to provide the necessary funds for inmates to appearbefore a judge there is a very slim chance the inmate would have a trial, on average, within 10 years. Brian Concannon, the director of the non-profit Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti, claims that without a substantial bribe to persuade judges, prosecutors and lawyers to undergo their case, there is no prospect for getting a trial for years. Families may send food to the penitentiary; however, most inmates depend on the meals served twice a day. However the majority of the meals consist of ration supplies of rice, oats or cornmeal, which has led to deadly cases ofmalnutrition-related ailments such as beriberi and anaemia. Prisoners too weak are crammed in the penitentiary infirmary. In the confined living spaces for 22/ 23 hours a day, inmates are not provided with latrines and are forced to defecate into plastic bags and leave them outside their cells. These conditions are considered in-humane by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2008. Economy Haiti has a predominantly free market economy, with a GDP of $19.97 billion and per capital GDP of $1,800 (2017 estimates). The country uses the Haitian gourde as its currency. Despite its tourism industry, Haiti is one ofthe poorest countries in the world and the poorest in the Americas region, with poverty, corruption, political instability, poor infrastructure, lack of health care and lack of education cited as the main causes. Unemployment is high and many Haitians seek to emigrate. Trade declined dramatically after the 2010 earthquake and subsequent outbreak of cholera, with the country's purchasing power parity GDP falling by 8% (from US$12.15 billion to US$11.18 billion). Haiti ranked 145 of 182 countries in the 2010 United Nations Human Development Index, with 57.3% of the population being deprived in at least three of the HDI's poverty measures.Following the disputed 2000 election and accusations about President Aristide's rule, US aid to the Haitian government was cut off between 2001 and 2004. After Aristide's departure in 2004, aid was restored and the Brazilian army led a United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti peacekeeping operation. After almost four years of recession, the economy grew by 1.5% in 2005. In September 2009, Haiti met the conditions set out by the IMF and World Bank's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries program to qualify for cancellation of its external debt. More than 90 percent of the government's budget comes from an agreement withPetrocaribe, a Venezuela-led oil alliance. Foreign aid Haiti received more than US$4 billion in aid from 1990 to 2003, including US$1.5 billion from the United States. The largest donor is the US, followed by Canada and the European Union. In January 2010, following the earthquake, US President Barack Obama promised US$1.15 billion in assistance. European Union nations pledged more than €400 million (US$616 million). Neighboring Dominican Republic has also provided extensive humanitarian aid to Haiti, including the funding and construction of a public university, human capital, free healthcare services in the border region, and logistical support after the 2010 earthquake.According to the UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti, , of humanitarian funding committed or disbursed by bilateral and multilateral donors in 2010 and 2011, only 1% has been pledged to the Haitian government. The United Nations states that in total US$13.34 billion has been earmarked for post-earthquake reconstruction through 2020, though two years after the 2010 quake, less than half of that amount had actually been released, according to UN documents. , the US government has allocated US$4 billion, US$3 billion has already been spent, and the rest is dedicated to longer-term projects. Former US President BillClinton's foundation contributed US$250,000 to a recycling initiative for a sister-program of "Ranmase Lajan" or "Picking Up Money" by use of reverse vending machines. Trade According to the 2015 CIA World Factbook, Haiti's main import partners are: Dominican Republic 35%, US 26.8%, Netherlands Antilles 8.7%, China 7% (est. 2013). Haiti's main export partner is the US 83.5% (est. 2013). Haiti had a trade deficit of US$3 billion in 2011, or 41% of GDP. Energy In 1925, the city of Jacmel was the first area in the Caribbean to have electricity and was subsequently dubbed the City of Light. Today, Haitirelies heavily on an oil alliance with Petrocaribe for much of its energy requirements. In recent years, hydroelectric, solar and wind energy have been explored as possible sustainable energy sources. As of 2017, among all the countries in the Americas, Haiti is producing the least amount of energy. Less than a quarter of the country has electric coverage. Most regions of Haiti that do have energy are powered by generators. These generators are often expensive and produce a lot of pollution. The areas that do get electricity experience power cuts on a daily basis, and some areas are limited to12 hours of electricity a day. Electricity is provided by a small number of independent companies: Sogener, E-power, and Haytrac. There is no national electricity grid within the country. The most common source of energy used is wood, along with charcoal. In Haiti, about 4 million metric tons of wood products are consumed yearly. Like charcoal and wood, petroleum is also an important source of energy for Haiti. Since Haiti cannot produce its own fuel, all fuel is imported. Yearly, around 691,000 tons of oil is imported into the country. On 31 October 2018, Evenson Calixte, the General Director ofenergy regulation (ANARSE) announced the 24 hour electricity project. To meet this objective, 236 Megawatt needs to installed in Port-au-Prince alone, with an additional 75 Megawatt needed in all other regions in the country. Presently only 27,5% of the population has access to electricity; moreover, the national energy agency l'Électricité d'Haïti (Ed'H) is only able to meet 62% of overall electricity demand said Fritz Caillot, the Minister of Public Works, Transportation and Communication (Travaux publics, transport et communication (TPTC)). Personal income The World Factbook reports a shortage of skilled labour, widespread unemployment and underemployment, saying "more than two-thirds of thelabor force do not have formal jobs." It is also often stated that three-quarters of the population lives on US$2 or less per day. The CIA World Factbook also states that "remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equalling one-fifth (20%) of GDP and representing more than five times the earnings from exports in 2012". The World Bank estimates that over 80% of college graduates from Haiti were living abroad in 2004. Occasionally, families who unable to care for a child may send him/her to live with a wealthier family as a restavek, or house servant. In return thefamily are supposed to ensure that the child is educated and provided with food and shelter, however the system is open to abuse and has proved controversial, with some likening it to child slavery. Real estate In rural areas, people often live in wooden huts with corrugated iron roofs. Outhouses are located in back of the huts. In Port-au-Prince shantytowns surround the central city and go up the mountainsides. The middle and upper classes live in suburbs, or in the central part of the bigger cities in apartments, where there is urban planning. Many of the houses they live inare like miniature fortresses, located behind walls embedded with metal spikes, barbed wire, broken glass, and sometimes all three. The gates to these houses are barred at night, the house is locked; guard dogs patrol the yard. These houses are often self-sufficient as well. The houses have backup generators, because the electrical grid in Haiti is unreliable. Some even have rooftop reservoirs for water, as the water supply is also unreliable. Agriculture Haiti is the world's leading producer of vetiver, a root plant used to make luxury perfumes, essential oils and fragrances, providing for half the world's supply. Roughly 40–50%of Haitians work in the agricultural sector. Haiti relies upon imports for half its food needs and 80% of its rice. Haiti exports crops such as mangoes, cacao, coffee, papayas, mahogany nuts, spinach, and watercress. Agricultural products comprise 6% of all exports. In addition, local agricultural products include maize, beans, cassava, sweet potato, peanuts, pistachios, bananas, millet, pigeon peas, sugarcane, rice, sorghum, and wood. Currency The Haitian gourde (HTG) is the national currency. The "Haitian dollar" equates to 5 gourdes (goud), which is a fixed exchange rate that exists in concept only, but are commonly used as informal prices. Thevast majority of the business sector and individuals in Haiti will also accept US dollars, though at the outdoor markets gourdes may be preferred. Locals may refer to the USD as "dollar américain" (dola ameriken) or "dollar US" (pronounced oo-es). Tourism The tourism market in Haiti is undeveloped and the government is heavily promoting this sector. Haiti has many of the features that attract tourists to other Caribbean destinations, such as white sand beaches, mountainous scenery and a year-round warm climate, however the country's poor image overseas, at times exaggerated, has hampered the development of this sector. In 2014, thecountry received 1,250,000 tourists (mostly from cruise ships), and the industry generated US$200 million in 2014. Several hotels were opened in 2014, including an upscale Best Western Premier, a five-star Royal Oasis hotel by Occidental Hotel and Resorts in Pétion-Ville, a four-star Marriott Hotel in the Turgeau area of Port-au-Prince and other new hotel developments in Port-au-Prince, Les Cayes, Cap-Haïtien and Jacmel. The Haitian Carnival has been one of the most popular carnivals in the Caribbean. In 2010, the government decided to stage the event in a different city outside Port-au-Prince every year in an attempt to decentralize the country.The National Carnival usually held in one of the country's largest cities (i.e., Port-au-Prince, Cap-Haïtien or Les Cayes) follows the also very popular Jacmel Carnival, which takes place a week earlier in February or March. Caracol Industrial Park On 21 October 2012, Haitian President Michel Martelly, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Bill Clinton, Richard Branson, Ben Stiller and Sean Penn inaugurated the Caracol industrial park, the largest in the Caribbean. Costing US$300 million, the project, which includes a 10-megawatt power plant, a water-treatment plant and worker housing, is intended to transform the northern part of the country by creating65,000 jobs. The park is part of a "master plan" for Haiti's North and North-East departments, including the expansion of the Cap-Haitien International Airport to accommodate large international flights, the construction of an international Seaport in Fort-Liberté and the opening of the $50 million Roi Henri Christophe Campus of a new university in Limonade (near Cap-Haitien) on 12 January 2012. South Korean clothing manufacturer Sae-A Trading Co. Ltd, one of the park's main tenants, has created 5,000 permanent jobs out of the 20,000 projected and has built 8,600 houses in the surrounding area for its workers. The industrial park ultimatelyhas the potential to create as many as 65,000 jobs once fully developed. Infrastructure Transportation Haiti has two main highways that run from one end of the country to the other. The northern highway, Route Nationale No. 1 (National Highway One), originates in Port-au-Prince, winding through the coastal towns of Montrouis and Gonaïves, before reaching its terminus at the northern port Cap-Haïtien. The southern highway, Route Nationale No. 2, links Port-au-Prince with Les Cayes via Léogâne and Petit-Goâve. The state of Haiti's roads are generally poor, many being potholed and becoming impassable in rough weather. According to the Washington Post,"Officials from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said Saturday [23 January 2010] that they assessed the damage from the [12 January] quake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and found that many of the roads aren't any worse than they were before because they've always been in poor condition." The port at Port-au-Prince, Port international de Port-au-Prince, has more registered shipping than any of the other dozen ports in the country. The port's facilities include cranes, large berths, and warehouses, but these facilities are not in good condition. The port is underused, possibly due to the substantially high port fees. The portof Saint-Marc is currently the preferred port of entry for consumer goods coming into Haiti. Reasons for this may include its location away from volatile and congested Port-au-Prince, as well as its central location relative to numerous Haitian cities. In the past, Haiti used rail transport, however the rail infrastructure was poorly maintained when in use and cost of rehabilitation is beyond the means of the Haitian economy. In 2018 the Regional Development Council of the Dominican Republic proposed a "trans-Hispaniola" railway between both countries. Airports Toussaint Louverture International Airport, located North/North East of Port-au-Prince proper in the commune ofTabarre, is the primary transportation hub regarding entry and exit into the country. It has Haiti's main jetway, and along with Cap-Haïtien International Airport located near the northern city of Cap-Haïtien, handles the vast majority of the country's international flights. Cities such as Jacmel, Jérémie, Les Cayes, and Port-de-Paix have smaller, less accessible airports that are serviced by regional airlines and private aircraft. Such companies include: Caribintair (defunct), Sunrise Airways and Tortug' Air (defunct). In 2013, plans for the development of an international airport on Île-à-Vache were introduced by the Prime Minister. Bus service Tap tap buses are colorfully paintedbuses or pick-up trucks that serve as share taxis. The "tap tap" name comes from the sound of passengers tapping on the metal bus body to indicate they want off. These vehicles for hire are often privately owned and extensively decorated. They follow fixed routes, do not leave until filled with passengers, and riders can usually disembark at any point. The decorations are a typically Haitian form of art. In August 2013, the first coach bus prototype was made in Haiti. Communications In Haiti, communications include the radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Haiti ranked last amongNorth American countries in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. Haiti ranked number 143 out of 148 overall in the 2014 NRI ranking, down from 141 in 2013. Water supply and sanitation Haiti faces key challenges in the water supply and sanitation sector: Notably, access to public services is very low, their quality is inadequate and public institutions remain very weak despite foreign aid and the government's declared intent to strengthen the sector's institutions. Foreign and Haitian NGOs play an important role in thesector, especially in rural and urban slum areas. Demographics Haiti's population is about 10,788,000 (July 2018 est.) with half of the population younger than age 20. In 1950, the first formal census gave a total population of 3.1 million. Haiti averages approximately 350 people per square kilometer (~900 per sq mi.), with its population concentrated most heavily in urban areas, coastal plains, and valleys. Most Haitians are descendants of former black African slaves, including Mulattoes who are mixed-race. The remainder are of European or Arab descent, the descendants of settlers (colonial remnants and contemporary immigration during World War I andWorld War II). Haitians of East Asian descent or East Indian origin number approximately more than 400. Millions of Haitians live abroad in the United States, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Canada (primarily Montreal), Bahamas, France, French Antilles, the Turks and Caicos, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Brazil, Suriname and French Guiana. There are an estimated 881,500 Haitians in the United States, 800,000 in the Dominican Republic, 300,000 in Cuba, 100,000 in Canada, 80,000 in France, and up to 80,000 in the Bahamas. There are also smaller Haitian communities in many other countries, including Chile, Switzerland, Japan and Australia. In 2017, the lifeexpectancy at birth was 64 years. Population genetics Autosomal DNA The gene pool of Haiti is about 95.5% Sub-Saharan African, 4.3% European, with the rest showing some traces of East Asian genes; according to a 2010 autosomal genealogical DNA testing. Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA A 2012 genetic study on Haitian and Jamaican Y-chromosomal ancestry has revealed that both populations "exhibit a predominantly Sub-Saharan paternal component, with haplogroups A1b-V152, A3-M32, B2-M182, E1a-M33, E1b1a-M2, E2b-M98, and R1b2-V88" comprising (77.2%) of the Haitian and (66.7%) of Jamaican paternal gene pools. Y-chromosomes indicative of European ancestry "(i.e., haplogroups G2a*-P15, I-M258, R1b1b-M269, and T-M184) weredetected at commensurate levels in Haiti (20.3%) and Jamaica (18.9%)". While Y-haplogroups indicative of Chinese O-M175 (3.8%) and Indian H-M69 (0.6%) and L-M20 (0.6%) ancestry were found at significant levels in Jamaica, Levantine Y-haplogroups were found in Haiti. Duffy antigens According to a 2008 study examining the frequency of the Duffy antigen receptor for Chemokines (DARC) Single Nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), (75%) of Haitian women sampled exhibited the CC genotype (absent among women of European ancestry) at levels comparable to US African-Americans (73%), but more than Jamaican females (63%). Racial discrimination Under colonial rule, Haitian mulattoes were generally privileged above theblack majority, though they possessed fewer rights than the white population. Following the country's independence, they became the nation's social elite. Numerous leaders throughout Haiti's history have been mulattoes. During this time, the slaves and the affranchis were given limited opportunities toward education, income, and occupations, but even after gaining independence, the social structure remains a legacy today as the disparity between the upper and lower classes have not been reformed significantly since the colonial days. Comprising 5% of the nation's population, mulattoes have retained their preeminence, evident in the political, economic, social and cultural hierarchy in Haiti. As aresult, the elite class today consists of a small group of influential people who are generally light in color and continue to establish themselves in high, prestigious positions. Religion The 2017 CIA Factbook reported that around 54.7% of Haitians profess to being Catholics while Protestants made up about 28.5% of the population (Baptist 15.4%, Pentecostal 7.9%, Seventh-day Adventist 3%, Methodist 1.5%, other 0.7%). Other sources put the Protestant population higher than this, suggesting that it might have formed one-third of the population in 2001. Like other countries in Latin America, Haiti has witnessed a general Protestant expansion, which is largelyEvangelical and Pentecostal in nature. Haitian Cardinal Chibly Langlois is president of the National Bishops Conference of the Catholic Church. Vodou, a religion with West African roots similar to those of Cuba and Brazil, originated during colonial times in which slaves were obliged to disguise their loa, or spirits, as Roman Catholic saints, an element of a process called syncretism and is still practiced by some Haitians today. Due to the religious syncretism between Catholicism and Vodou, it is difficult to estimate the number of Vodouists in Haiti. The religion has historically been persecuted and misrepresented in popular media, howeverin 2003 the Government recognised the faith as an official religion of the nation. Minority religions in Haiti include Islam, Bahá'í Faith, Judaism, and Buddhism. Languages The two official languages of Haiti are French and Haitian Creole. French is the principal written and administratively authorized language (as well as the main language of the press) and is spoken by 42% of Haitians. It is spoken by all educated Haitians, is the medium of instruction in most schools, and is used in the business sector. It is also used in ceremonial events such as weddings, graduations and church Masses. Haiti isone of two independent nations in the Americas (along with Canada) to designate French as an official language; the other French-speaking areas are all overseas départements, or collectivités, of France. Haitian Creole, which has recently undergone a standardization, is spoken by virtually the entire population of Haiti. Haitian Creole is one of the French-based creole languages. Its vocabulary is 90% derived from French, but its grammar resembles that of some West African languages. It also has influences from Taino, Spanish, and Portuguese. Haitian Creole is related to the other French creoles, but most closely to the Antillean Creole and LouisianaCreole variants. Emigration There is a large Haitian diaspora community, predominantly based in the US and Canada, France, and the wealthier Caribbean islands. Emigrants from Haiti have constituted a segment of American and Canadian society since before the independence of Haiti from France in 1804. Many influential early American settlers and black freemen, including Jean Baptiste Point du Sable and W. E. B. Du Bois, were of Haitian origin. Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, an immigrant from Saint-Domingue (now the Republic of Haiti), founded the first nonindigenous settlement in what is now Chicago, Illinois, the third largest city in theUnited States. The state of Illinois and city of Chicago declared du Sable the founder of Chicago on 26 October 1968. Largest cities Culture Haiti has a rich and unique cultural identity, consisting of a blend of traditional French and African customs, mixed with sizeable contributions from the Spanish and indigenous Taíno cultures. Haiti's culture is greatly reflected in its paintings, music, and literature. Galleries and museums in the United States and France have exhibited the works of the better-known artists to have come out of Haiti. Art Haitian art is distinctive, particularly through its paintings and sculptures. Brilliant colors,that coastal town, or the Saint-Soleil School, which is characterised by abstracted human forms and is heavily influenced by Vodou symbolism. In the 1920s the indigéniste movement gained international acclaim, with its expressionist paintings inspired by Haiti's culture and African roots. Notable painters of this movement include Hector Hyppolite, Philomé Oban and Préfète Duffaut. Some notable artists of more recent times include Edouard Duval-Carrié, Frantz Zéphirin, Leroy Exil, Prosper Pierre Louis and Louisiane Saint Fleurant. Sculpture is also practised in Haiti; noted artists in this form include George Liautaud and Serge Jolimeau. Music and dance Haitian music combines a widerange of influences drawn from the many people who have settled here. It reflects French, African and Spanish elements and others who have inhabited the island of Hispaniola, and minor native Taino influences. Styles of music unique to the nation of Haiti include music derived from Vodou ceremonial traditions, Rara parading music, Twoubadou ballads, mini-jazz rock bands, Rasin movement, Hip hop kreyòl, méringue, and compas. Youth attend parties at nightclubs called discos, (pronounced "deece-ko"), and attend Bal. This term is the French word for ball, as in a formal dance. Compas (konpa) (also known as compas direct in French, orkonpa dirèk in creole) is a complex, ever-changing music that arose from African rhythms and European ballroom dancing, mixed with Haiti's bourgeois culture. It is a refined music, with méringue as its basic rhythm. Haiti had no recorded music until 1937 when Jazz Guignard was recorded non-commercially. Literature Haiti has always been a literary nation that has produced poetry, novels, and plays of international recognition. The French colonial experience established the French language as the venue of culture and prestige, and since then it has dominated the literary circles and the literary production. However, since the 18th century there hasbeen a sustained effort to write in Haitian Creole. The recognition of Creole as an official language has led to an expansion of novels, poems, and plays in Creole. In 1975, Franketienne was the first to break with the French tradition in fiction with the publication of Dezafi, the first novel written entirely in Haitian Creole; the work offers a poetic picture of Haitian life. Other well known Haitian authors include Jean-Price Mars, Jacques Roumain, Marie Vieux-Chauvet, Pierre Clitandre, René Depestre, Edwidge Danticat, Lyonel Trouillot and Dany Laferrière. Cinema Haiti has a small though growing cinema industry. Well-known directors workingprimarily in documentary film-making include Raoul Peck and Arnold Antonin. Directors producing fictional films include Patricia Benoît, Wilkenson Bruna and Richard Senecal. Cuisine Haiti is famous for its creole cuisine (which related to Cajun cuisine), and its soup joumou. Haiti is also known globally for its rum Barbancourt which is internationally renowned, and the most popular alcoholic beverage in Haiti. Architecture Monuments include the Sans-Souci Palace and the Citadelle Laferrière, inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1982. Situated in the Northern Massif du Nord, in one of Haiti's National Parks, the structures date from the early 19th century. Thebuildings were among the first built after Haiti's independence from France. The Citadelle Laferrière, is the largest fortress in the Americas, is located in northern Haiti. It was built between 1805 and 1820 and is today referred to by some Haitians as the eighth wonder of the world. The Institute for the Protection of National Heritage has preserved 33 historical monuments and the historic center of Cap-Haïtien. Jacmel, a colonial city that was tentatively accepted as a World Heritage site, was extensively damaged by the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Museums [[File:Santa Maria Anchor.JPG|upright|thumb|Santa Marías anchor on display]] The anchor of ChristopherColumbus's largest ship, the Santa María now rests in the Musée du Panthéon National Haïtien (MUPANAH), in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Folklore and mythology Haiti is known for its folklore traditions. Much of this is rooted in Haitian Vodou tradition. Belief in zonbis (zombies) is also common. Other folkloric creatures include the lougarou. National holidays and festivals The most festive time of the year in Haiti is during Carnival''' (referred to as Kanaval in Haitian Creole or Mardi Gras) in February. There is music, parade floats, and dancing and singing in the streets. Carnival week is traditionally a time of all-night parties.Rara is a festival celebrated before Easter. The festival has generated a style of Carnival music. Sports Football is the most popular sport in Haiti with hundreds of small football clubs competing at the local level. Basketball is growing in popularity. Stade Sylvio Cator is the multi-purpose stadium in Port-au-Prince, where it is currently used mostly for association football matches that fits a capacity of 10,000 people. In 1974, the Haiti national football team were only the second Caribbean team to make the World Cup (after Cuba's entry in 1938). They lost in the opening qualifying stages against three ofthe pre-tournament favorites; Italy, Poland, and Argentina. The national team won the 2007 Caribbean Nations Cup. Haiti has participated in the Olympic Games since the year 1900 and won a number of medals. Haitian footballer Joe Gaetjens played for the United States national team in the 1950 FIFA World Cup, scoring the winning goal in the 1–0 upset of England. Notable natives and residents Comte d'Estaing in command of more than 500 volunteers from Saint-Domingue; fought alongside American colonial troops against the British in the Siege of Savannah, one of the most significant foreign contributions to the American Revolutionary Warin 1779 Raquel Pelissier one of Haiti's most remarkable beauty queen; Miss Universe 2017 first runner-up and Reina Hispanoamericana 2016 third runner-up Frankétienne arguably Haiti's greatest author; candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2009 Francis Jean-Baptiste A Haitian Author Garcelle Beauvais television actress (NYPD Blue, The Jamie Foxx Show) Jean Baptiste Point du Sable might have been born in St Marc, Saint-Domingue; in 1745 established a fur trading post at present-day Chicago, Illinois; considered one of the city's founders Jean Lafitte pirate who operated around New Orleans and Galveston on the Gulf Coast of the United States; bornin Port-au-Prince around 1782 John James Audubon ornithologist and painter; born in 1785 in Les Cayes, Saint-Domingue; his parents returned to France, where he was educated; emigrated to the United States as a young man and made a career as he painted, catalogued and described the birds of North America Jørgen Leth Danish poet and filmmaker Sean Penn – American Oscar Award-winning actor, who currently serves as Ambassador-at-large for Haiti; the first non-Haitian citizen to hold such a position Michaëlle Jean current Secretary-General of La Francophonie and 27th Governor General of Canada; born in Port-au-Prince in 1957 and lived inHaiti until 1968 Wyclef Jean Grammy Award-winning hip-hop recording artist Education The educational system of Haiti is based on the French system. Higher education, under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, is provided by universities and other public and private institutions. More than 80% of primary schools are privately managed by nongovernmental organizations, churches, communities, and for-profit operators, with minimal government oversight. According to the 2013 Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report, Haiti has steadily boosted net enrollment rate in primary education from 47% in 1993 to 88% in 2011, achieving equal participation of boys and girls in education. Charityorganizations, including Food for the Poor and Haitian Health Foundation, are building schools for children and providing necessary school supplies. According to CIA 2015 World Factbook, Haiti's literacy rate is now 60.7% (est. 2015). The January 2010 earthquake, was a major setback for education reform in Haiti as it diverted limited resources to survival. Many reformers have advocated the creation of a free, public and universal education system for all primary school-age students in Haiti. The Inter-American Development Bank estimates that the government will need at least US$3 billion to create an adequately funded system. Upon successful graduation of secondaryschool, students may continue into higher education. The higher education schools in Haiti include the University of Haiti. There are also medical schools and law schools offered at both the University of Haiti and abroad. Presently, Brown University is cooperating with L'Hôpital Saint-Damien in Haiti to coordinate a pediatric health care curriculum. Health In the past, children's vaccination rates have been low , 60% of the children in Haiti under the age of 10 were vaccinated, compared to rates of childhood vaccination in other countries in the 93–95% range. Recently there have been mass vaccination campaigns claiming to vaccinate asmany as 91% of a target population against specific diseases (measles and rubella in this case). Most people have no transportation or access to Haitian hospitals. The World Health Organization cites diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, meningitis, and respiratory infections as common causes of death in Haiti. Ninety percent of Haiti's children suffer from waterborne diseases and intestinal parasites. HIV infection is found in 1.71% of Haiti's population (est. 2015). The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Haiti is more than ten times as high as in the rest of Latin America. Approximately 30,000 Haitians fall ill with malaria each year. Most peopleliving in Haiti are at high risk for major infectious diseases. Food or water-borne diseases include bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, typhoid fever and hepatitis A and E; common vector-borne diseases are dengue fever and malaria; water-contact diseases include leptospirosis. Roughly 75% of Haitian households lack running water. Unsafe water, along with inadequate housing and unsanitary living conditions, contributes to the high incidence of infectious diseases. There is a chronic shortage of health care personnel and hospitals lack resources, a situation that became readily apparent after the January 2010 earthquake. The infant mortality rate in Haiti in 2013 was 55 deathsper 1,000 live births, compared to a rate of 6 per 1,000 in other countries. After the 2010 earthquake, Partners In Health founded the Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, the largest solar-powered hospital in the world. See also Index of Haiti-related articles Outline of Haiti Notes References Further reading Prichard, Hesketh. Where Black Rules White: A Journey Across and About Hayti. These are exact reproductions of a book published before 1923: (Nabu Press, , 5 March 2010); (Wermod and Wermod Publishing Group, , 15 October 2012). Arthur, Charles. Haiti in Focus: A Guide to the People, Politics, and Culture. Interlink PublishingGroup (2002). . Dayan, Colin. Haiti, History, and the Gods. University of California Press (1998). Ferrer, Ada. Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Girard, Philippe. Haiti: The Tumultuous History (New York: Palgrave, September 2010). Hadden, Robert Lee and Steven G. Minson. 2010. The Geology of Haiti: An Annotated Bibliography of Haiti's Geology, Geography and Earth Science. US Army Corps of Engineers, Army Geospatial Center. July 2010. Heinl, Robert Debs & Nancy Gordon Heinl. Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People 1492–1995. University Press of America (2005). . Kovats-Bernat,J. Christopher. Sleeping Rough in Port-au-Prince: An Ethnography of Street Children and Violence in Haiti. University Press of Florida (2008). . Robinson, Randall. An Unbroken Agony: Haiti, From Revolution to the Kidnapping of a President. Basic Civitas (2007). . Wilentz, Amy. The Rainy Season: Haiti Since Duvalier. Simon & Schuster (1990). . Marquis, John. Papa Doc: Portrait of a Haitian Tyrant (LMH Publishing, 2007) External links Government Prime Minister of Haiti Haitian Parliament Secretary General of the Council of Ministers General information Haiti at Encyclopædia Britannica. Haiti at UCB Libraries GovPubs. A Country Study: Haiti from the US Library of
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Virginia Black is a super-premium brand of American Bourbon whiskey. History Virginia Black is a collaboration between Brent Hocking and Drake. It is distributed in the United States by Proximo Spirits and is available in Canada, the U.K., Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Burundi, Uganda, and United Arab Emirates. Virginia Black made headlines for its record-breaking debut at the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) in Ontario, Canada. Virginia Black sold a record 1,779 bottles on the day it was released and went on to sell 4,650 bottles in its first week. It also sold 30,000 cases in its first
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The Montalto di Castro photovoltaic power station is an 84 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station at Montalto di Castro in Viterbo province, Italy. The project was developed by the independent developer SunRay that was later acquired by SunPower. The park is the largest PV project in Italy, and among the largest in Europe. The project was built in several phases. The first phase with a total capacity of 24 MWAC was connected in late 2009. It uses SunPower solar panels as well as its tracker systems. The second phase (8 MW) was commissioned in 2010, and the third and fourth
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Amiseginae is a subfamily of cuckoo wasps in the family Chrysididae. There are more than 30 genera and 150 described species in Amiseginae. Genera These 38 genera belong to the subfamily Amiseginae: Adelphe Mocsáry, 1890 Afrosega Krombein, 1983 Alieniscus Benoit, 1951 Amisega Cameron, 1888 Anachrysis Krombein, 1986 Anadelphe Kimsey, 1987 Atoposega Krombein, 1957 Baeosega Krombein, 1983 Bupon Kimsey, 1986 Cladobethylus Kieffer, 1922 Reidia Krombein, 1957 Colocar Krombein, 1957 Duckeia Costa Lima, 1936 Exopapua Krombein, 1957 Exova Riek, 1955 Imasega Krombein, 1983 Indothrix Krombein, 1957 Isegama Krombein, 1980 Kryptosega Kimsey, 1986 Leptosega Krombein, 1984 Magdalium Kimsey, 1986 Mahinda Krombein, 1983 Myrmecomimesis
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Geography Club is a 2003 young adult novel by American author Brent Hartinger. It is the first book in The Russel Middlebrook Series. The novel follows a group of high school students who feel like outsiders, some because of their sexual orientations. The narrator, Russel Middlebrook, then finds himself helping his friend Min to form an after school club for the students, so that they can hang out together for support. Plot Russel Middlebrook is keeping a secret from his two best friends, Min, a bright Chinese American girl, and Gunnar, a bright and socially awkward boy. Neither of themsorry he pushed him into the dates. Kevin isn't willing to be out and he ends his romance with Russel. Adaptations Hartinger later adapted his novel into a play, Geography Club. Huffington Pictures' Geography Club was filmed in June 2012 with Michael Huffington and Anthony Bretti producing, Frederick Levy and Bryan Leder executive producing. Starring Cameron Deane Stewart, Justin Deeley, Andrew Caldwell, Allie Gonino, Meaghan Martin, Ally Maki, Nikki Blonsky, Alex Newell, Grant Harvey, Dexter Darden, Teo Olivares, Marin Hinkle, Ana Gasteyer, and Scott Bakula. Geography Club was theatrically released in the United States by Breaking Glass Pictures on November
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Sonny Wharton is a British house and techno DJ and record producer. In addition to his solo career, Wharton has launched the record label Whartone Records which features a range of house music DJs and producers. Early life Sonny Wharton was born in mid-Wales, where he was encouraged to explore music by his father Alex Wharton. Alex Wharton produced the Moody Blues' first record "'Go Now'" scoring a No. 1 UK single and a No. 10 US hit in early 1965. Sonny's early dance music influences have been cited as Carl Cox, Fatboy Slim and X-Press 2 alongside live actstopped DMCworlds magazines Buzz Chart going straight in at number 1. Wharton's single "Raindance" has been championed by Carl Cox and recently dubbed "Radio 1 Ibiza Track of the Summer" and "Radio 1 Jam of the Week" after winning the public vote on BBC Radio 1's Review show with Edith Bowman. Popular online blog in the Mix also cited Wharton's "Raindance" as Number 1 in their article "Ten Massive Tunes That Ruled Ibiza". As a DJ Sonny won a DJ Mag mix-tape competition for Renaissance. The award afforded him a chance to present sets in the Ibiza nightclub Amnesia. Hewas subsequently given a weekly residency at Manumission held at Privilege Ibiza (the world's largest nightclub), where he belonged to the island's large British dance contingent. This initial exposure in the Ibiza scene has led Wharton to play shows at other club venues such as Pacha, Space and Ministry of Sound in London where he supported Armand Van Helden for the club's 22nd birthday. Sonny has held international residencies in Stockholm, Barcelona and most notibly at Club Octagon in Seoul recently ranked at #7 in DJ Mag Top 100 Clubs poll. Fatboy Slim endorsed Wharton as his "producer of theyear" and included Sonny as a key support act on his sold out 'Eat Sleep Rave Repeat' UK Tour alongside Riva Starr. A regular on the festival circuit, Wharton has performed at events such as Glastonbury, V Festival, Global Gathering and The Isle of Wight Festival. Wharton's largest event to date was The Berlin Love Parade where he played to a crowd of over a million people. Sonny has featured on three guest mixes for BBC Radio 1, following the support of Annie Nightingale and is music has been played by Pete Tong, Annie Mac and Danny Howard. His musicTemple Morris Sonny is an ambassador for the British Tinnitus Association campaign "Plug 'Em" aswell as a leading ambassador for the charity group Campaign Against Living Miserably (CALM), who deal with the issues of depression and suicide among young men in the UK. Whartone records Whartone records was founded in 2009 and recently celebrated "10 Years Of Whartone Records" with a 50 track album release. As well as being the main hub for Sonny Wharton's solo productions, Whartone has released music from Avicii, K-Klass and X-Press 2. The label has been supported by the likes of Carl Cox, Pete Tong,
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Craggaunowen is a 16th-century castle and an archaeological open-air museum in County Clare, Ireland. Craggaunowen is located 10 km east of Quin, County Clare. The name Craggaunowen derives from its Irish name Creagán Eoghain (Owen's little rocky hill). The site is operated by Shannon Heritage. Castle Craggaunowen Castle was built around 1550 by John MacSioda MacNamara, a descendant of Sioda MacNamara, who built Knappogue Castle in 1467. It was left in ruins in the 17th century, and rendered uninhabitable by the removal of the roof and staircase, and indefensible by removal of the battlements, at the time of the Cromwellianhaving passed through the hands of his descendants, the castle and grounds were acquired by the "Irish Land Commission". Much of the poor quality land was given over to forestry and the castle itself was allowed to fall into disrepair. By the time of the First Ordnance Survey in the 1840s, the castle was "in ruins" again. In the mid-19th century, the castle, herd's house and 96 acres were reported in the possession of a Reverend William Ashworth, who held them from a Caswell (a family from County Clare just north of Limerick). In 1906, a mansion house here wasowned by Count James Considine (from a family based at Derk, County Limerick). Craggaunowen Castle was restored by John Hunt in the 1960s. Hunt added an extension to the ground floor, which for a while housed part of his collection of antiquities. The collection now resides in the Hunt Museum in the city of Limerick. The Living Past Experience The open-air museum was started by John Hunt. It features reconstructions of ancient Irish architecture, including a dolmen, a crannog, and the currach boat used in Tim Severins recreation of "The Voyage of St. Brendan the Abbot". It also shows reconstructions
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Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu (One Radha Two Krishnas) is a 1986 Indian Telugu-language comedy film, directed and written by A. Kodandarami Reddy. It stars Kamal Haasan, Sridevi in the lead roles, with music composed by Ilaiyaraaja. It was inspired by the novel Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu by Yandamoori Veerendranath. The film was later dubbed into Tamil-language as Hare Radha Hare Krishna. Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu released on 2 October 1986 alongside A. Kodandarami Reddy's other film Rakshasudu and it became a rare incident when two films of the same director were released simultaneously. Both Movies wrote by Yandamuri Veerendranath andmusic by Ilaiyaraaja. Cast Kamal Haasan as Murali Krishna / Hari Krishna Sridevi as Radha Rao Gopal Rao as Narasimham Satyanarayana as Satyam / Jango Rajendra Prasad as Prasad Nutan Prasad as Inspector Koteswara Rao Suthi Veerabhadra Rao as Anjneelu Rajeev as Raja Ramana Murthy as Narayana Rao P. J. Sarma as Jailor Bhemiswara Rao as Principal Telephone Satyanarayana KK Sarma as Hostel Warden Chidatala Appa Rao as Barber Appa Rao Dham Annapurna as Parvathi Jayamalini as item number Samyukta Bindu Ghosh as Adallamma Chilakala Radha as Servant Kalpana Rai as Hostel Warden Nirmalamma as Bamma Soundtrack The music was
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Royal Air Force Station Dishforth or RAF Dishforth is a former Royal Air Force station located east of Ripon, North Yorkshire and north east of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England. The airfield opened in 1936 as use by Royal Air Force (RAF) until 1943 when the Royal Canadian Air Force took over but the airfield was returned in 1945 before the site was handed over to the British Army in 1992 and became Dishforth Airfield. History Second World War RAF Dishforth opened in 1936. At the beginning of the Second World War it became part of 4 Group, RAF Bomber Command,and was used for recruit training. Between September 1939 and April 1941, No. 78 Squadron RAF used it to launch night operations using Armstrong Whitworth Whitley medium bombers. Between 1943 and 1945 the station was used by No. 6 (RCAF) Group Bomber Command and was a sub-station of RAF Topcliffe. Immediately after the war the station was used to convert aircrew to the Douglas Dakota transport aircraft. RAF Dishforth was so successful in its night operation bombing raids that Hitler himself ordered a raid against the airfield. The raid was completely unsuccessful as the bombing party was shot out ofthe sky over Gloucestershire. Post war In the late 1950s RAF Transport Command operated Handley Page Hastings and from 1957 30 Squadron operated the Blackburn Beverley from Dishforth. From 1962 to 1966 Dishforth was home to Leeds University Air Squadron flying the Chipmunk T Mk 10. RAF Dishforth was home to No. 60 Maintenance Unit RAF between 1 March 1962 and 2 February 1966. RAF Dishforth was used as a Relief Landing Ground for the Jet Provosts of RAF Leeming with personnel deployed from RAF Leeming on a day-to-day basis. Dishforth was transferred from the RAF to Army Air Corpsuse by 9 Regiment AAC in 1992. Vulcan aircraft were dispersed to Dishforth during exercises, and would have been dispersed from RAF Scampton during any hostilities during the cold war. During the 70's and 80's part of the base was used as a police training centre for northern English police forces from Northumbria down to Lincolnshire. Current use The airfield is now called Dishforth Airfield and is operated by the 6 Regiment RLC (United Kingdom)| 6 Regiment RLC component of the British Army. See also List of former Royal Air Force stations List of Royal Air Force Maintenance units References
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David Chesworth (born 1958, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom) is an Australian-based interdisciplinary artist and composer. Known for his experimental and at times minimalist music, he has worked solo, in post-punk groups (Essendon Airport, Whadya Want?), electronic music, contemporary ensembles and experimental performance. Together with Sonia Leber, Chesworth has created a series of large scale installation and video artworks, such as Zaum Tractor included in the 56th Venice Biennale (2015) and This Is Before We Disappear From View commissioned by Sydney Biennale (2014). Works Chesworth's creative output includes music, sound art, video, installation and performance, often in collaboration with other artists. Hiscompositions and installations have been exhibited and performed at Ars Electronica, Festival d'automne à Paris, Edinburgh Festival, BAM's Next Wave Festival, Bang on a Can Marathon, Sydney Biennale and the Venice Biennale. In 2012 he was artist in residence at the MONA Festival of Art and Music in Hobart which featured performances by the David Chesworth Ensemble and the showing of several of installation artworks made with collaborator Sonia Leber. Chesworth's artworks and music often explore their own framing and contextual ambiguity. Grove Dictionary of Music writes: Chesworth’s work focuses on the social in human experience, emphasizing shared cultural spacesExecutioners and Lacuna), and with the Melbourne International Arts Festival (Cosmonaut, commissioned by Opera Australia, and Sabat Jesus). In 2010 Chesworth created the performance artwork Richter/Meinhof-Opera which was presented at Australian Centre for Contemporary Art for the 2010 Melbourne International Arts Festival and at the Art Gallery of NSW. The CD Wicked Voice containing material from various productions was released on ABC Classics. David Chesworth Ensemble: Chesworth is the artistic director of David Chesworth Ensemble. The ensemble has released four CDs, Exotica Suite (nominated for the ARIA Classical Release of the Year), Badlands (also released in the USA), Music ToAustralia in the late 1960s. Chesworth studied at La Trobe University, including time with composer's Jeff Pressing, Warren Burt and Graham Hair. He was recently awarded a doctorate in Philosophy at Monash University, for which he was awarded the Mollie Holeman Medal for research excellence. He is currently a Vice-Chancellor Research Fellow at RMIT University. He lives in Melbourne in partnership with Sonia Leber. They are directors of the company Wax Sound Media and have one daughter. Discography Albums 50 Synthesiser Greats! (as David Chesworth) Layer on Layer (as David Chesworth) Spiral Rebound (as David Chesworth) No Particular Place (as5000 Calls (2000 - ongoing) Sydney Olympic Stadium The Masters Voice (2001 - 2011) The Walk Civic, Canberra The Persuaders (2003) Australian Centre for the Moving Image, Melbourne Proximities (2006 - ongoing) at the William Barak Bridge, Melbourne Almost Always Everywhere Apparent (2007) Helen Macpherson Smith Commission Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, Melbourne Space-Shifter (2009) Conical, Melbourne We Are Printer's Too (2012) Melbourne Now, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne This Is Before We Disappear From View (2014) Biennale of Sydney Zaum Tractor (2013) 56th Venice Biennale. Awards and nominations Prix Ars Electronica. Honorable Mention awarded to Southgate, Chesworth's score for
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Florida State Hospital (FSH) is a hospital and psychiatric hospital in Chattahoochee, Florida. Established in 1876, it was Florida's only state mental institution until 1947. It currently has a capacity of 1,042 patients. The hospital's current Administration Building is on the National Register of Historic Places. The facility's property previously served as a military arsenal during the Seminole Wars and the American Civil War, and later became the site of Florida's first state prison. It was subsequently refurbished as a mental hospital, originally known as Florida State Hospital for the Insane, which opened in 1876. It gained notoriety over thecourse of its long history. It was sued in O'Connor v. Donaldson, a case that went to the US Supreme Court, which ruled that the hospital had illegally confined one of its patients. The decision contributed to the deinstitutionalization movement, which resulted in changes to state laws and the closure of many public mental institutions in the country. The hospital today treats patients with severe mental disabilities who have been civilly or forensically committed to the institution. Early history The hospital campus was originally the site of the Apalachicola Arsenal, built in the 1830s and named after the nearby ApalachicolaRiver. The hospital's current Administration Building was adapted from the original Officers' Quarters of the Arsenal and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Arsenal facility served as a supply depot during the Seminole Wars. The first engagement of the American Civil War in Florida took place here on January 6, 1861 when a Confederate militia unit from Quincy overcame Union soldiers at the Arsenal. In 1868, Florida Governor Harrison Reed converted the arsenal property at Chattahoochee into Florida's first penitentiary. Florida's first recorded inmate was Calvin Williams, incarcerated in Chattahoochee in November 1868 for the crimeof larceny and sentenced to one year. By 1869 there were 42 inmates and 14 guards. In 1871, the prison was put under civilian jurisdiction. Malachi Martin was appointed as warden, gaining a reputation for cruelty and corruption. He used prison labor for his personal benefit to build houses and tend his personal vineyards, amassing a huge fortune. The book The American Siberia, written in 1891, portrayed the Chattahoochee prison as a place of relentless barbarity. After the prisoners were relocated in 1876 to a prison at Raiford, Florida, the facility was adapted as a state hospital. Hospital In 1876,the prison was refurbished and established by the Reconstruction era legislature as the Florida State Hospital for the Insane, the state's first mental institution. It was an effort by the legislature to establish some public welfare institutions to assist residents in the state. Over time, the hospital was investigated for allegations of mistreatment of patients, especially as treatment standards changed. The hospital was sued in O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975), a case that reached the United States Supreme Court. Kenneth Donaldson, a patient held there, sued the hospital and staff for confining him for fifteen years against his will. The courtruled that he had been illegally held. The decision, as interpreted by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), means that it is unconstitutional to commit for treatment persons who are not imminently a danger to themselves or others and who are capable to a minimal degree of surviving on their own. This interpretation has hampered efforts to implement changes in commitment laws throughout the United States, as most states insist the person meet the "imminent danger" standard, accepting the ACLU's interpretation of the O'Connor v. Donaldson case. The ruling contributed to the deinstitutionalization movement in the United States, resulting inthe shutting down of many large, public psychiatric hospitals. Current Population The hospital treats individuals with severe and persistent major mental illnesses. Two categories of patients are treated at the hospital; those civilly committed under Statute 394, who represent a small portion of the hospital's residents; and those forensically committed under Statute 916. The Civil portion of the hospital houses adult and elderly individuals who have been civilly committed to the hospital, and forensic residents who have been "stepped down" to the civil unit. The civil units are also known as Forensic Transition units. Florida State Hospital also maintains aforensic wing for the Florida Department of Corrections to care for inmates who have been adjudicated through the criminal justice system to be incompetent to proceed to trial, or not guilty by reason of insanity. The current maximum housing capacity is 491 residents in civil units and 646 residents in forensic units. The goal of the hospital's efforts is recovery. The hospital works to restore competency to residents adjudicated incompetent to proceed to trial. Residents receive competency training in both forensic and civil units. The amount of time needed to restore competency varies from a month or two, to upto five years. However, by statute, a patient cannot be committed for more than five years as incompetent to proceed. Upon five years of commitment that patient will be returned to court to have his/her charges dropped or commuted in some way. For residents adjudicated not guilty by reason of insanity, the hospital works to assist the resident in transitioning back into community living by learning appropriate activities for daily living, and social cues. Hospital staff ensure the resident is no longer at risk of reoffending before recommending to the judge that the patient is ready for a conditional releaseto the community. Unlike patients committed as "Incompetent to Proceed," those committed as "Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity" have no time limit on their commitment. They can remain committed by their presiding judge until their recovery is complete. Competency to be executed One of the tasks of the forensic psychologists in the forensic wing is to evaluate an inmate's competency to be executed, as common law holds that the insane cannot be executed. This is a result of Ford v. Wainwright (1986). A Florida inmate on death row appealed his case to the United States Supreme Court, declaring hewas not competent to be executed. The court ruled that a forensic professional must make that evaluation and, if the inmate is found incompetent, provide treatment to aid in his gaining competency so the execution can take place. Providing treatment to an individual to enable that person to become competent to be executed puts mental health professionals in an ethical dilemma. Historic place The former arsenal and current Administration Building of Florida State Hospital is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (Building - #73000578). Built in 1839 as the United States Army Officers Quarters, it is a two-storymasonry brick main building, with -story wings and front and rear porches framed with carved brackets. Notable inmates Victor Licata, axe murderer, whose slaying of his family in 1933 influenced the idea that marijuana causes criminal insanity Ruby McCollum, was a married African-American woman convicted of shooting and killing a prominent white doctor, C. Leroy Adams in Live Oak, Florida; she said he forced her to have sex and to bear his child. Her conviction was overturned on appeal by a technicality, and she was ruled mentally incompetent to go to a second trial. She was committed to the hospitalin 1954 and released under the Baker Act in 1974. In the 21st century, at least three new books have been published about her case, and two documentary films have been made, one in 2013 and one in 2014. Chris Calhoun, A Korean War vet who suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder. The film Chattahoochee was made about his experiences at the Florida State Hospital. John William Clouser, the "Florida Fox," was a former police detective who appeared for a time on the FBI Most Wanted List. Clouser escaped FSH in 1967 after having previously been committed in the wake ofa kidnapping and armed robbery. He turned himself in to authorities 1974. Devon Arthurs, An 18 year old convert to Salafist Islam who killed two of his Neo Nazi roommates for disrespecting his conversion. Jesse Delbert Daniels, disabled man who was accused of a rape in Tavares before being committed to the state hospital for 14 years without ever standing trial before finally being released on appeal. See also O'Connor v. Donaldson Ford v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright Footnotes External links Recent photo of Administration Building Former mental patient's story portrayed in movie Map of Florida State Hospital grounds Florida
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In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age/stage of the Early/Lower Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been taken to span the time between 145.0 ± 4.0 Ma and 139.8 ± 3.0 Ma (million years ago). The Berriasian succeeds the Tithonian (part of the Jurassic) and precedes the Valanginian. Stratigraphic definition The Berriasian Stage was introduced in scientific literature by Henri Coquand in 1869. It is named after the village of Berrias in the Ardèche department of France. The largely non-marine English Purbeck Formation is in part of Berriasian age. In fact, theBerriasian stage is defined by the base of the Valanginian, which is fixed at the first appearance of calpionellid species Calpionellites darderi. This is just a little below the first appearance of the ammonite species Thurmanniceras pertransiens. Palaeontology Birds (avian theropods) Crocodylomorphs (Non-Thalattosuchian) Mammalia †Ornithischians †Pterosaurs †Sauropods †Thalattosuchia †Theropods (non-avian) References Notes Literature ; (2004): A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press. External links GeoWhen Database - Berriasian Jurassic-Cretaceous timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Cretaceous, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology
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Chaa-Kholsky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or kozhuun), one of the seventeen in the Tuva Republic, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chaa-Khol. Population: 6,532 (2002 Census). The population of Chaa-Khol accounts for 53.8% of the district's total population. History Chaa-Kholsky District was established in 1941. In 1961, the district was abolished and merged with Ulug-Khemsky District. Chaa-Kholsky District was restored in 1992. References Notes Sources Category:Districts of Tuva Category:States and territories established in
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Stéphane Préfontaine (born 1961) is a Canadian track athlete best known for co-lighting the Olympic Flame with Sandra Henderson at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Biography Préfontaine attempted to compete in the athletics competition for Canada at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, but abandoned his dream after suffering tendon injuries. He later earned his law degree from the University of Montreal, then a Masters of Law from Columbia University in New York New York in the United States. After his law degrees, Préfontaine studied philosophy and political science in France at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris(Institute of Political Studies of Paris in French), earning a first year doctorate. While practicing law, he also earned a Master of Business Administration in finance at McGill University in Montreal. Préfontaine started his law practice in 1989 before going into venture capital in 2004. That same year he was part of the 2004 Summer Olympics torch relay when it returned to Montreal. References IOC 1976 Summer Olympics. "Past Torchbearers". - vancouver2010.com article accessed 3 January 2010. Profile of Préfontaine on Préfontaine Capital website. - accessed 3 January 2010. Category:1961 births Category:Sciences Po alumni Category:Canadian businesspeople Category:Canadian lawyers Category:Columbia Law
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Nick Lars Heidfeld (born 10 May 1977) is a German professional racing driver. Despite scoring regular podium finishes in with Williams, and in and with BMW Sauber, Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in . Heidfeld currently holds three Formula One records; most podium finishes without a Grand Prix win (13), most second-place finishes without a win (8), and the most consecutive race classifications (41). In 2011, Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica, his former BMW Sauber teammate, before being replaced by Bruno Senna. Hecurrently drives for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E. Early life and career Heidfeld was born in Mönchengladbach, West Germany, on 10 May 1977, and began racing karts at the age of 11 in 1988. In 1994 he moved into the German Formula Ford series, gaining widespread attention by winning 8 of the 9 races to take the title that season. In 1995 he won the German International Formula Ford 1800 Championship, and came second in the Zetec Cup. This led to a drive in thethat raced at the 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans, but the team withdrew after the Mercedes-Benz CLR back-flipped on the Mulsanne Straight while Mark Webber and Peter Dumbreck were driving. Formula One career Prost (2000) Heidfeld was signed as a race driver for the Prost Grand Prix F1 team for the 2000 season, alongside Formula One veteran Jean Alesi. Heidfeld struggled with his new car and suffered a string of retirements, as well as colliding with his teammate on more than one occasion. Sauber (2001–2003) He departed Prost at the end of that season, before signing a three-year contractat Spa, finishing fifth overall behind the four works Audis. At Le Mans, Heidfeld and his teammates went one better by finishing fourth, splitting the Audis after a fast and problem-free run. Formula E On 26 June 2014, Heidfeld signed up for the inaugural season of Formula E for Venturi Grand Prix. In the first race at the 2014 Beijing ePrix, he had a spectacular accident at the final corner on the final lap with e.Dams Renault driver Nicolas Prost whilst fighting for the lead. Prost later accepted the blame for the accident. At the 2014 Putrajaya ePrix, he retiredGerman television. His nickname to Formula One fans is "Quick Nick", which he got while driving for Williams in 2005. Racing record Career summary Formula racing International Formula 3000 results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Formula One results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance. ‡ Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed. Formula One records Heidfeld holds the following Formula One records: FormulaE results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Endurance racing Le Mans 24 Hours results FIA World Endurance Championship results American Le Mans Series results WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results References External links Nick Heidfeld 1st official Fanclub website Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Mönchengladbach Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Monaco Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland Category:Expatriate sportspeople in Monaco Category:Expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland Category:Racing drivers from North Rhine-Westphalia Category:German racing drivers Category:German Formula Three Championship drivers Category:International Formula 3000 drivers Category:International Formula 3000 Champions Category:German Formula One drivers Category:Prost Formula One drivers Category:Sauber
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St. Clair Shores, Michigan, city Scotland Clair oilfield in the Atlantic Ocean, 75 km west of Shetland Other uses Clair (Hampshire cricketer), English professional cricketer "Clair" (song), a 1972 hit for Gilbert O'Sullivan Clair Global, an international sound reinforcement and event technology company "Claire", an episode of American radio and television anthology series Screen Directors Playhouse Claire (band), electronic-pop band using English lyrics from Munich, Germany Claire Redfield, a player character appearing in the Resident Evil series of survival horror video games Claire Bennet, a fictional character in the NBC science fiction drama series Heroes Clair Huxtable, a fictional character
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Carmen Cartellieri (28 June 1891 – 17 October 1953) was an Austrian actress-producer. Early Life Carmen Cartellieri was born on 28 June 1891, as Franziska Ottilia Cartellieri. She was born in Proßnitz, Austria-Hungary (now Prostějov, Czech Republic), but spent most of her childhood in Innsbruck, Austria. Her father was an engineer. When she was 16, she married Emanuel Ziffer Edler von Teschenbruck, now known as Mano Ziffer-Teschenbruk. Teschenbruck was an aristocrat who was originally an artist who later became a director. Career Cartellieri's early career was developed with help from her husband, Teschenbruck, and Cornelius Hintner, a Tyrolean director inHungary who used to be a cameraman for Pathé. Cartellieri featured in various Hungarian silent films during 1918-1919. Her stage name was Carmen Teschen. She acted in her first Austrian film, Die Liebe vom Zigeunerstamme/The Gypsy Girl (1919), directed by Hinter. Supposedly, she cowrote the film. She also starred in Hinter's film, Die Würghand/The Strangling Hand (1920), in 1920. Political situations after the war in Hungary forced her to move from Budapest to Vienna. Carmen was able to become a big star, acting in German-language films during the 1920s. In 1920, Carmen founded the Cartellieri-Film company with Teschenbruck and Hinter.She also used her surname to suggest she was from Italy. The first production of her company was a comedy directed by Teschenbruck called Carmen lernt Skifahren/Carmen Learns to Ski (1920). The Viennese public liked her a lot and chose her as 'the most beautiful actress of Vienna'. The second production of the company was Die Würghand/Die Hand des Teufels/The Strangling Hand/The Hand of the Devil (1920), directed by Hinter. This film was critically praised for the effectiveness of its narrative and Carmen's performance. Carmen continued to act in the company's films including "Der weisse Tod/The White Death (1921), DasDas Schicksal derer von Habsburg/The Destiny of the Von Habsburgs/The Fate of the Habsburgs (1928). Theater Cartellieri also worked in the theater during the 1920s. "She often appeared at the Ronacher theater in Vienna, but she was also seen in the 1926 Pantomime Der Todesring (The Ring of Death)." Selected filmography Der weiße Tod (1921) The Dead Wedding Guest (1922) Fiat Lux (1923) The Hands of Orlac (1924) Boarding House Groonen (1925) Der Rosenkavalier (1925) Virtue (1926) The Family without Morals (1927) Madame Dares an Escapade (1927) The Gambling Den of Montmartre (1928) The Fate of the House of Habsburg
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Hail Satan? is a 2019 American documentary film about The Satanic Temple, including its origins and grassroots political activism. Directed by Penny Lane, the film premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival and was released in the United States on April 19, 2019, distributed by Magnolia Pictures. The film shows Satanists working to preserve the separation of church and state against the privilege of the Christian right. Summary When media-savvy members of the Satanic Temple organize a series of public actions designed to advocate for religious freedom and challenge corrupt authority, they prove that with little more than a cleveridea, a mischievous sense of humor, and a few rebellious friends, you can speak truth to power in some truly profound ways. As charming and funny as it is thought-provoking, Hail Satan? offers a timely look at a group of often misunderstood outsiders whose unwavering commitment to social and political justice has empowered thousands of people around the world. Production Lane wanted to combat the widespread view of the Satanic panic of the 1970s through 1990s, during which Satanists were described as rapists and murderers, usually of children. She described the primary editing for the film occurred in approximately sixmonths, "concurrent with the bulk of shooting,” after a lengthy research and development phase. Lane has said that she initially thought the Satanic Temple was conceived only as a prank, only to subsequently understand that they had actually "gone from being kind of a joke to being a real thing. [...] The notion of a religious movement being born out of a joke seemed like kind of a cool story, and not one I’d ever heard before." and adding that part of what compelled her to make the film was that she "loved the idea of watching a new religionget born, right before our eyes, and how goofy and weird that looks, especially if you’re not part of it. Satanic Temple co-founder and spokesperson Lucien Greaves was initially reluctant to allow the filmmakers access to the inner workings of the organization, saying "the decision to allow [director] Penny Lane behind the scenes access was not an easy one", and adding "it's very stressful having a couple of years of filming going on and having no idea what narrative is being constructed from that kind of footage. No matter how much you trust somebody you don't know ultimately what's goingto be made of your life's work." Lane has referred to the question of how the Satanic Temple differs from the Church of Satan as "a really interesting and complicated question", telling Birth Movies Death that "essentially, the Satanic Temple wouldn’t exist without the Church of Satan. The Church of Satan codified the idea of Satanism in the first place", adding "But then you have a huge point of departure and a satanic Reformation moment where the Satanic Temple’s beliefs are sufficiently different from the Church of Satan", and explaining that "it was very challenging to get that right becausethere’s so much more to say about that 50-year history" than was possible in a single film. Reception On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 99 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Hail Satan? challenges preconceived notions of its subject with a smart, witty, and overall entertaining dispatch from the front lines of the fight for social justice." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Marketing A trailer was officially released
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Gruvi was a short-lived memory card format compatible with microSD developed by Sandisk in 2006. It used the company's TrustedFlash card technology, which functioned like the conventional SD card but it could be extended to on-demand content. The cards were intended for the distribution of music and videos and had a variety of special Digital rights management features including the ability to pre-load content that could be 'unlocked' at a later date. The announced objective was the replacement of CDs, which was highlighted by the involvement of music publisher EMI when the product was launched. The little cards featured apicture of the artist whose music was pre-loaded. They were compatible with mobile phones, t, and laptop computers. Only a handful of Gruvi cards were ever released, one of them was the album A Bigger Bang by the Rolling Stones. slotMusic SanDisk repeated their attempt at a flash-media-based music distribution format in 2008, with the introduction of slotMusic, this time without DRM. The cards were sold with music published by major record labels EMI, Sony BMG, Warner, and Universal. References SanDisk ‘Gruvi’ TrustedFlash: Content On Memory Carts SanDisk Receives CES Innovations Design Award for Its Gruvi Rolling Stones Music Card
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Boquete District is a district (distrito) of Chiriquí Province in Panama located on the North of the Chiriqui Province, in the western side of the country. The population according to the 2010 census was 22,435. The district covers a total area of 488.4 km². The town is well known for its temperate cold climate, unlike the rest of the country, due to its location in the Cordillera Central. The capital lies at the city of Bajo Boquete. Administrative divisions Boquete District is divided administratively into the following corregimientos: Alto Boquete Bajo Boquete (capital) Caldera Jaramillo Los Naranjos Palmira History Accordingto archeological information, the nearby area of the Baru Volcano was the place of the first chiefdoms and agricultural societies on what is now the Panama–Costa Rica border, with man-made pottery carbon dated by archaeologists at the Barriles Site Barriles to 300 BC. In Caldera there are also petroglyphs that witness the presence of Isthmo-Colombian villages in this region. During the Spanish Colonization of the Americas, the district of Boquete, along with the rest of the Talamanca highlands, were isolated due to the topographical character of the area, serving as a refuge for the Ngöbe Buglé peoples. It is not
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Erhun Aksel Oztumer (born 29 May 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays for Charlton Athletic. Club career Following nine years in the youth set up at Charlton Athletic, and a season with Fisher Athletic, 16-year-old Oztumer joined Manisaspor in 2008, who at the time were in the Turkish Süper Lig. Despite featuring mainly for the Manisaspor youth team, in 2009 he earned a move to Sivasspor, also of the Turkish Süper Lig, where he signed his first professional contract. Oztumer never played for the first team at Sivasspor, but played 29 times for the reserve team in A2Ligi, scoring eight goals. In 2011, Oztumer left Sivasspor to join Anadolu Üsküdar in the TFF Third League, the fourth tier of Turkish football, where he played senior football for the first time, playing 34 league games in 16 months, scoring five goals. Before the start of the 2012–13 season, Oztumer returned to England, joining Isthmian League side Dulwich Hamlet. He went on to score over 60 goals from midfield in all competitions over two seasons, during which time Dulwich won promotion to the Isthmian League Premier Division. In June 2014, he moved back into the professional game, joining Peterborough16 August 2019, Oztumer was announced as a free signing for Charlton Athletic on a two-year deal. Career statistics Personal life Oztumer is of Turkish Cypriot descent. Honours Individual PFA Team of the Year: 2016–17 League One, 2017–18 League One References External links Category:1991 births Category:Living people Category:Footballers from Greenwich Category:Turkish Cypriot footballers Category:English footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Sivasspor footballers Category:Anadolu Üsküdar 1908 footballers Category:Dulwich Hamlet F.C. players Category:Peterborough United F.C. players Category:Walsall F.C. players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Category:Charlton Athletic F.C. players Category:Isthmian League players Category:English Football League players Category:English people of Turkish Cypriot descent Category:English people of Turkish
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Pisces Iscariot is a compilation album by American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins, released in 1994 through Virgin Records, consisting of B-sides and outtakes. Reaching number 4 in the US upon its 1994 release, Pisces Iscariot was certified platinum by the RIAA on November 23, 1994. The album was initially to be called Neptulius. The album was re-released by EMI as deluxe-edition CD and LP on July 17, 2012. Packaging The CD, LP, and cassette issues were each released with unique cover artwork. The US vinyl release was pressed on amber vinyl, and the first 2,000 copies included aGish or Siamese Dream." Rolling Stone gave 3 out of 5 stars to the album. Deluxe release In 2012, EMI released a "Deluxe Edition" that included a cassette tape with the first Smashing Pumpkins demo tape on it. The deluxe version of Pisces Iscariot is listed by Spotify under the band's main "album" section (along with its studio albums), rather than in the "compilations" section. According to Ian Cohen, writing for Pitchfork, "Pisces Iscariot is painstakingly sequenced to maintain a concept record's sonic peaks and valleys, favoring stylistic cohesion over protracted diversity. Its ratio of sweet acoustic strummers, barnstorming riff-rockers,and expansive guitar freakouts is balanced almost exactly akin to that of Siamese Dream or Gish. It still works as an album if you want it to, meaning it's not exactly Incesticide or Masterplan as far as alt-rock cash-ins go." Legacy In July 2014, Guitar World placed Pisces Iscariot among its "Superunknown: 50 Iconic Albums That Defined 1994" list. For the 20th anniversary of the album, Ryan Leas, writing for Stereogum, commented that "[e]very now and then, a band releases a collection of B-sides and outtakes and otherwise semi-available material that transcends the notion of an artist emptying the vaultsto buy a bit of time between full-fledged albums, or simply trying to cash in a bit.... Of the already anomalous nature of these odds-and-ends turned important touchstones in an artist’s catalog, Pisces Iscariot is amongst an even rarer category: the very early vault emptying that results in a shockingly strong collection of lesser or entirely unknown songs. So shockingly strong, in fact, that an album like Pisces Iscariot is often placed head and shoulders above almost anything Billy Corgan did after, save the following year’s monolithic Mellon Collie And The Infinite Sadness." Track listing A limited pressing of 2,000copies of Pisces Iscariot included a free 7" single. Personnel The Smashing Pumpkins Jimmy Chamberlin – drums Billy Corgan – vocals, guitar, production, photography, packaging James Iha – guitar, vocals, production D'arcy Wretzky – bass guitar Production Kerry Brown – production and drums on "Blew Away" Dale "Buffin" Griffin – production Ted de Bono – production Rachel Gutek – design assistant Michael Meister – photography, packaging Butch Vig – production Charts Album Single Release history References External links Category:B-side compilation albums Category:Albums produced by Butch Vig Category:Albums produced by Billy Corgan Category:Albums produced by James Iha Category:The Smashing Pumpkins compilation
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Abraham Lincoln Brick (May 27, 1860 – April 7, 1908) was an American attorney and politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1899 until his death. Early life and education Born on his father's farm, near South Bend, St. Joseph County, Indiana, Brick attended the common schools and was graduated from the South Bend High School. He later attended Cornell University and Yale University, and graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1883. Career and life He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice inSouth Bend, St. Joseph County, Indiana. He served as prosecuting attorney for the counties of St. Joseph and La Porte in 1886 and delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1896. Politics Brick was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-Sixth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1899, until his death in Indianapolis, Indiana, April 7, 1908. Death and legacy He was interred in Riverview Cemetery, South Bend, Indiana. Brick's papers are held in the collection of the Indiana State Library. See also List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49) References
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Merri Dee (born Mary Francine Dorham; October 30, 1936) is an American philanthropist and former television journalist. Dee is best known for her work at Chicago, Illinois television station and national cable superstation WGN-TV (Channel 9) as an anchor/reporter from 1972 until 1983 and director of community relations from 1983 until 2008. Dee currently serves as president and member of the leadership council of the Illinois chapter of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) since 2009. Biography Early life and education Born Mary Francine Dorham in Chicago, Illinois to John Blouin, a postal worker and Ethel Dorham. Her motherwent into labor during a trip to Chicago with her husband as they went back and forth between Chicago and New Orleans due to work. The youngest of six children, Dee was raised in New Orleans after her mother's death in 1939 when Dee was two. Dee's father remarried four years after her mother's death. Her stepmother abused her and later sent her to an orphanage, which Dee described in an interview with Contemporary Black Biography about growing up with her stepmother, "I was terrifically abused by her... She actually adopted me [after Blouin's death] and changed my name sothat my family couldn't help me. It was horrible". Her stepmother changed her name, so family members would not contact her and refused to pay for her education after age 14. Dee returned to Chicago as a teenager, attending Englewood Technical Prep Academy; graduating in 1955. After high school, Dee moved to New Orleans to attend Xavier University, where she was a business administration major; she eventually dropped out to take a job to support her siblings and took a job as a salesperson with IBM. Dee enrolled at Midwestern Broadcasting (now Columbia College) in Chicago to study broadcasting andjournalism in the early 1960s, and in 1966 landed her first hosting job at radio station WBEE located in Harvey, Illinois. Career During the two years that followed, Dee quickly became a local celebrity in Chicago radio. In 1968, she began hosting an entertainment program that broadcast on then-fledgling independent station WCIU (channel 26) on Saturday nights. In 1971, Dee became the host of The Merri Dee Show, a local talk show on then-independent station WSNS (channel 44, now a Telemundo owned-and-operated station). After a year of recovering from her injuries sustained in a 1971 attack, Dee returned to broadcastingin 1972, becoming an anchor for then-independent station WGN-TV's 10 p.m. newscast. After spending eleven years at WGN-TV in various on-air positions, Dee moved into an off-air position as the station's director of community development and manager of WGN-TV Children's Charities in 1984, where she remained until she retired from the station in the fall of 2008, helping raise $31 million in donations for the station's various charity initiatives during that tenure. Dee subsequently joined the Mayor's Advisory Council on Women for the City of Chicago and became a member of the volunteer Executive Council of the Illinois chapter ofAARP, before being appointed AARP State President a year later. Charity work and accolades In addition to her television and radio work, Dee has also served in various capacities of several charities and organizations. Dee helped draft the country's first ever Victims' Bill of Rights in 1992, that was passed by Illinois state legislature and served as a model for other states to pass their own victim's rights legislation. She founded the Chicago-based program Athletes for a Better Education. Dee served as the television host of the United Negro College Fund's "Evening of Stars" fundraiser for over two decades, andalso hosted telethons benefitting Easter Seals. Dee also developed "The Waiting Child", an on-air segment, broadcast on WGN-TV spotlighting children in the child placement system in need of adoptive homes. The initiative earned Dee several awards, including being honored with the Adoption Excellence Award from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in 2004. Then-Illinois governor Jim Edgar gave Dee and WGN-TV a commendation in 1998, for helping to increase the number of adoptions in the state by more than 50 percent. In 2000, she was honored with an honorary Doctorate of Humanities by Lewis University; the following year,
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The Little Belt Bridge (), also known as the Old Little Belt Bridge (), is a truss bridge over the Little Belt strait in Denmark. It spans from Snoghøj on the Jutland side to Middelfart on Funen. The bridge is owned by the state and Banedanmark, the Danish railway authority, is responsible for its maintenance. It was the first bridge constructed over the strait, beginning the connection of the three main parts of Denmark by road and rail, which was completed with the Great Belt Bridge in June 1998. Previously, only ferries and other boats had transported people over thebelts. Construction The Little Belt Bridge was built by Monberg & Thorsen. Construction of the bridge began in 1929 and it was opened for traffic on 14 May 1935. It is 1,178 metres long, 20.5 metres wide and 33 metres high, with a main span of 220 metres. On the bridge there are two railway tracks, two narrow lanes for cars to cross as well as a sidewalk for pedestrians. No mass machinery was used in the construction of the bridge at the time. The bases of the piles were lowered into the sea from boats according to precise calculations,and molds both for the piles and each end of the bridge were first constructed of wood and later manually filled with cement from buckets. Conversion to railway use When the new Little Belt Bridge came into use in 1970, the old bridge lost its function as the main traffic line for cars between Funen and Jutland; however, it is still used as the only railway bridge between Jutland and Funen and thus the only railway line connecting Jutland with Zealand as well, as well as to carry traffic between Fredericia and Middelfart and their neighbouring villages. Maintenance The bridgerequires constant maintenance. During the first decades after its construction, a group of workers would begin painting the entire steel structure from one end, proceed to the other and begin all over again once that was finished. Five to thirteen people work on the bridge at all times. All road traffic was closed major parts of 2018 and 2019 due to renovation work. Train traffic went most of the time as it is the only connection over Little Belt. Tours In 2015, guided 'bridgewalking' tours on top of the framework were introduced at the Little Belt Bridge. A standard tour
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The Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station is teaching and research facility, established by the UNSW Australia (UNSW), which is located in the Australian state of New South Wales. in Fowlers Gap in the far north-west of the state. The station is located about north of Broken Hill. It occupies Western Lands Lease No. 10194, an area of , and has been used by scientists in fields ranging from zoology to agriculture, palaeontology and environmental science. The facility has also hosted art and design students on field trips from the university, using purpose-built facilities, including studios. Features The property hasbeen held since 1966 by the UNSW on a lease in perpetuity. It is administered by the UNSW Faculty of Science.The lease enables studies of the arid-zone environment, particularly in relation to impacts on the pastoral industry. Fowlers Gap is the only research station in the arid zone of New South Wales. Areas have been monitored and data collected continuously, in some cases for over 30 years. With a varied collection of meeting places, dormitories, cottages and camping sites it can handle reasonably large visiting groups and small conferences. Research has been conducted there by schools and units of UNSW,organisations that have utilised the facilities include: the former Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales (now part of the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources), NSW Agriculture (now part of the Department of Primary Industries), Queensland DPI, SA Department of Agriculture, NSW Department of Environment and Conservation and several divisions of CSIRO. Funding to support research has been provided by the University of New South Wales, Australian Research Council, Wool Research Trust Fund, Australian Wool Innovation, Meat and Livestock Australia, Rural Credits Development Fund, Water Research Foundation of Australia, Australian Housing Research Council, Cooperative Research Centre for SustainableTourism and a number of overseas governments and universities. As well as research, Fowlers Gap is used extensively for teaching, largely by way of student field excursions from UNSW and other educational institutions also visit the station. The Station attracts visitors from overseas and within Australia and has been the subject of television documentaries and newspaper articles. It has abundant wildlife, grand scenery, varied geology and terrain, and a rich human history that includes significant indigenous sites, including a stone tool quarry, and artefacts from decades of scientific research. It has natural waterholes and ephemeral creeks. Several large dams provide
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Jimmy Connors Pro Tennis Tour is a video game developed by Blue Byte and originally released in 1989. It is the first video game to feature Jimmy Connors. Ports A port of Jimmy Connors Pro Tennis Tour for the Atari Jaguar was announced in November 1993 after Ubi Soft was signed to be a third-party developer by Atari Corporation for the system, while Ubi Soft considered in releasing three more titles for the console. Despite kept being advertised and slated for an October/November 1994 launch, it was never released for unknown reasons. References External links Jimmy Connors Pro Tennis Tour
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Jamie's Kitchen Australia is a 10 part Australian television show which premiered Thursday 14 September 2006 on Network Ten. The show stars international chef Jamie Oliver and Tobie Puttock. Puttock is a friend of Oliver's and having previously worked for Oliver in England, is in charge of establishing the restaurant, Fifteen Melbourne. Based upon the original Jamie's Kitchen that aired in 2002 in the UK, 25 disadvantaged youth were selected to train and hopefully become part of the staff at the newly opened Fifteen restaurant in Melbourne. Prior to the opening of the restaurant, initial training of the young apprenticechefs took place at Box Hill Institute of TAFE. Fifteen was located at 115 Collins Street, Melbourne, replacing Mo Mo restaurant. Fifteen was opened to the public from 22 September 2006. However, it has now closed, being replaced by another restaurant called The Kitchen Cat which opened in 2011 also run by Tobie Puttock. The Kitchen Cat is also now closed. External links Fifteen Review by The Age Category:Australian cooking television series Category:Network 10 shows Category:Australian reality television series Category:2006 Australian television series debuts Category:2006 Australian television series endings Category:2000s Australian television series Category:English-language television programs Category:Television shows set in
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The Babylonian Chronicles are a series of tablets recording major events in Babylonian history. They are thus one of the first steps in the development of ancient historiography. The Babylonian Chronicles were written from the reign of Nabonassar up to the Parthian Period, by Babylonian astronomers ("Chaldaeans"), who probably used the Astronomical Diaries as their source. Almost all of the tablets were identified as chronicles once in the collection of the British Museum, having been acquired via antiquities dealers from unknown excavations in the 19th century. All but three of the chronicles are unprovenanced. The Chronicles provide the "master narrative"for large tracts of current Babylonian history. Discovery and publication The chronicles are thought to have been transferred to the British Museum after 19th century excavations in Babylon, and subsequently left undeciphered in the archives for decades. The first chronicle to be published was BM 92502 (ABC1) in 1887 by Theophilus Pinches under the title "The Babylonian Chronicle". This was followed in 1923 by the publication of the Fall of Nineveh Chronicle (ABC 3), in 1924 by Sidney Smith's publication of the Esarhaddon Chronicle (ABC 14), the Akitu Chronicle (ABC 16) and the Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7), and in 1956by Donald Wiseman's publication of four further tablets including the Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle (ABC 5). Chronicles Numbering Systems ABC - A.K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975) CM - Jean-Jacques Glassner, Chroniques Mésopotamiennes (1993) (translated as Mesopotamian Chronicles, 2004) BCHP - I. Finkel & R.J. van der Spek, Babylonian Chronicles of the Hellenistic Period (not yet published) BM - British Museum Number List See also List of artifacts significant to the Bible References Literature Leo Oppenheim's translation of the Nabonidus Chronicle can be found in J. B. Pritchard (ed.) Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (= ANET; 1950,
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HD 4203 is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Pisces, near the northern constellation border with Andromeda. It has a yellow hue and is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.70. The distance to this object is 266 light years based on parallax, but it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −14 km/s. This object is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G5V. It is photometrically-stable star with an inactive chromosphere, and has a much higher than normal metallicity. Thestar is roughly 6.3 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 5.6 km/s. It has 12% more mass than the Sun and a 35% greater radius. HD 4203 is radiating 1.68 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,666 K. Radial velocity observations of this star during 2000–2001 found a variability that suggesting an orbited sub-stellar companion, designated component 'b'. Additional observations led to a refined orbital period of 432 days with a relatively high eccentricity of 0.52 for a gas giant companion. The presence of a second
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Agustín Moreto y Cavana (April, 1618, Madrid28 October 1669), was a Spanish Catholic priest, dramatist and playwright. Biography Of Italian descent, his exact date of birth is unknown, but he was baptized at Madrid on 9 April 1618. He attended the University of Alcalá de Henares between 1634 and 1637, studying logic and physics and receiving his Licentiate in December 1639. By 1643, he had been ordained a cleric in minor orders, with a benefice, and had also, in all probability, begun his dramatic writing. By the middle of the century he was already a recognized literary figure and amember of the Academia Castellana. He published the first volume of his comedies (called the Primera Parte) in 1654; El desdén, con el desdén (literally “Disdain with Disdain”), one of his most popular and famous comedies, first appeared in print in this edition. He lived in Madrid till 1654, when he moved to Toledo, and became chaplain to the primate Baltasar de Moscoso y Sandoval. Sometime after 1657, Agustín was ordained a priest, at which time he seems to have cut back on his dramatic activity. At the Archbishop's request, he entered the Brotherhood of San Pedro in 1659 in
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Nate Carr (born June 24, 1960 in Erie, Pennsylvania) is an American collegiate and international level freestyle wrestler. He grew up in a family of 16 children. Five of these, including Nate, would become All-American wrestlers (an NCAA record) and two, again including Nate, would compete in the Olympic Games. High school During his high school career at Erie Tech Carr, coached by Tom Carr (no relation), posted a record of 115-7 and collected a Pennsylvania State Championship. College Upon his graduation from Erie Tech, Carr received a wrestling scholarship to Iowa State University. There he had a career recordhis son, Nate Carr Jr was a nationally ranked high school wrestler and 3-time state champion. Nate, Jr. originally committed to West Virginia University, but instead opted to attend Iowa Central Community College where he won the NJCAA 157 lb. National Title. Nate Carr currently works as the head club coach for the Regional Training Center at Iowa State University where his youngest son David Carr is a member of the wrestling team. External links West Virginia University Wrestling Hall of Fame Brainy History West Virginia University Alumni Magazine Category:Wrestlers at the 1988 Summer Olympics Category:American male sport wrestlers Category:Olympic
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Charles Williamson Flusser (September 27, 1832 – April 19, 1864) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. Biography Born at Annapolis, Maryland, Flusser entered the United States Naval Academy in 1847 and graduated with the Class of 1853 with the rank of passed midshipman. He received promotion to master and then lieutenant on September 15 and 16, 1855, while serving in the South American Squadron. In early 1861, Flusser was appointed to the Naval Academy in Annapolis, and oversaw its relocation to Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island. Flusser served on blockade duty offthe coast of Georgia in late 1861, before being appointed commander of the gunboat for the Burnside Expedition, taking part in the victory at the Battle of Elizabeth City in February 1862. Flusser was promoted to lieutenant commander in July 1862, also assuming command of all Union gunboats in Albemarle Sound. He took part in the expedition against Franklin, Virginia, in October 1862, with his ship only narrowly escaping capture. Flusser was killed in action on April 19, 1864, during the Battle of Plymouth, commanding the Union naval forces present. In the engagement between the and against the Confederate ironclad. In that action, Flusser personally fired a cannon shell at the Confederate ironclad. The shell, with a 10-second fuse, bounced off the Albemarle's armor and landed back on the deck of the Miami, where its explosion killed him. Brigadier General Henry W. Wessells, commanding the garrison at Plymouth, North Carolina, noted: "In the death of this accomplished sailor the Navy has lost one of its brightest ornaments..." Flusser was interred at the military cemetery in New Bern, but in 1868 his remains were transferred to the Naval Academy Cemetery. Namesakes Four United States Navy ships have been named in
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Albert Bandura (; born December 4, 1925) is a Canadian-American psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University. Bandura has been responsible for contributions to the field of education and to several fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, therapy, and personality psychology, and was also of influence in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is known as the originator of social learning theory (renamed the social cognitive theory) and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment. This Bobo dollexperiment demonstrated the concept of observational learning. A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as the fourth most-frequently cited psychologist of all time, behind B. F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget, and as the most cited living one. Bandura is widely described as the greatest living psychologist, and as one of the most influential psychologists of all time. Early life Bandura was born in Mundare Alberta, an open town of roughly four hundred inhabitants, as the youngest child, and only son, in a family of six. The limitations of education in a remote town such as this caused Bandura to becomeindependent and self-motivated in terms of learning, and these primarily developed traits proved very helpful in his lengthy career. Bandura is of Polish and Ukrainian descent; his father was from Kraków, Poland whilst his mother was from Ukraine. Bandura's parents were a key influence in encouraging him to seek ventures out of the small hamlet they resided in. The summer after finishing high school, Bandura worked in the Yukon to protect the Alaska Highway against sinking. Bandura later credited his work in the northern tundra as the origin of his interest in human psychopathology. It was in this experience inthe Yukon, where he was exposed to a subculture of drinking and gambling, which helped broaden his perspective and scope of views on life. Bandura arrived in the US in 1949 and was naturalized in 1956. He married Virginia Varns (1921–2011) in 1952, and they raised two daughters, Carol and Mary. Education and academic career Bandura's introduction to academic psychology arrived by a fluke; as a student with little to do at early mornings, he took a psychology course in order to pass the time, and became passionate about the subject. Bandura graduated in three years, in 1949, with aB.A. from the University of British Columbia, winning the Bolocan Award in psychology, and then moved to the then-epicenter of theoretical psychology, the University of Iowa, from where he obtained his M.A. in 1951 and Ph.D. in 1952. Arthur Benton was his academic adviser at Iowa, giving Bandura a direct academic descent from William James, while Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence were influential collaborators. During his Iowa years, Bandura came to support a style of psychology which sought to investigate psychological phenomena through repeatable, experimental testing. His inclusion of such mental phenomena as imagery and representation, and his concept ofreciprocal determinism, which postulated a relationship of mutual influence between an agent and its environment, marked a radical departure from the dominant behaviorism of the time. Bandura's expanded array of conceptual tools allowed for more potent modeling of such phenomena as observational learning and self-regulation, and provided psychologists with a practical way in which to theorize about mental processes, in opposition to the mentalistic constructs of psychoanalysis and personality psychology. Post-doctoral work Upon graduation, he completed his postdoctoral internship at the Wichita Guidance Center. The following year, 1953, he accepted a teaching position at Stanford University, which he holds tothis day. In 1974, he was elected president of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is the world's largest association of psychologists. Bandura would later state the only reason he agreed to be in the running for the APA election was because he wanted his 15 minutes of fame without any intentions of being elected. He also worked as a sports coach. Research Bandura was initially influenced by Robert Sears' work on familial antecedents of social behavior and identificatory learning. He directed his initial research to the role of social modeling in human motivation, thought, and action. In collaboration withRichard Walters, his first doctoral student, he engaged in studies of social learning and aggression. Their joint efforts illustrated the critical role of modeling in human behavior and led to a program of research into the determinants and mechanisms of observational learning. Social learning theory The initial phase of Bandura's research analyzed the foundations of human learning and the willingness of children and adults to imitate behavior observed in others, in particular, aggression. He found that according to Social Learning theory, models are an important source for learning new behaviors and for achieving behavioral change in institutionalized settings. Social learningpunishment in classical and operant conditioning were inadequate as a framework, and that many human behaviors were learned from other humans. Bandura began to analyze means of treating unduly aggressive children by identifying sources of violence in their lives. Initial research in the area had begun in the 1940s under Neal Miller and John Dollard; his continued work in this line eventually culminated in the Bobo doll experiment, and in 1977's hugely influential treatise, Social Learning Theory. Many of his innovations came from his focus on empirical investigation and reproducible investigation, which were alien to a field of psychology dominatedby the theories of Freud. In 1961 Bandura conducted a controversial experiment known as the Bobo doll experiment, designed to show that similar behaviors were learned by individuals shaping their own behavior after the actions of models. Bandura's results from this experiment changed the course of modern psychology, and were widely credited for helping shift the focus in academic psychology from pure behaviorism to cognitive psychology. Moreover, the Bobo doll experiment emphasized how young individuals are influenced by the acts of adults. When the adults were praised for their aggressive behavior, the children were more likely to keep on hittingthe doll. However, when the adults were punished, they consequently stopped hitting the doll as well. The experiment is among the most lauded and celebrated of psychological experiments. Social cognitive theory By the mid-1980s, Bandura's research had taken a more holistic bent, and his analysis tended towards giving a more comprehensive overview of human cognition in the context of social learning. The theory he expanded from social learning theory soon became known as social cognitive theory. Social foundations of thought and action In 1986, Bandura published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, in which he re-conceptualizedindividuals as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating, in opposition to the orthodox conception of humans as governed by external forces. He advanced concepts of triadic reciprocal causation, which determined the connections between human behavior, environmental factors, and personal factors such as cognitive, affective, and biological events, and of reciprocal determinism, governing the causal relations between such factors. Bandura's emphasis on the capacity of agents to self-organize and self-regulate would eventually give rise to his later work on self-efficacy. Self-efficacy In 1963, he published Social Learning and Personality Development. In 1974, Stanford University awarded him an endowed chair and he becameDavid Starr Jordan Professor of Social Science in Psychology. In 1977, he published Social Learning Theory, a book that altered the direction psychology took in the 1980s. While investigating the processes by which modeling alleviates phobic disorders in snake-phobics, he found that self-efficacy beliefs (which the phobic individuals had in their own capabilities to alleviate their phobia) mediated changes in behavior and in fear-arousal. He launched a major program of research examining the influential role of self-referent thought in psychological functioning. Although he continued to explore and write on theoretical problems relating to myriad topics, from the late 1970s hedevoted much attention to exploring the role of self-efficacy beliefs in human functioning. In 1986 he published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, a book in which he offered a social cognitive theory of human functioning that accords a central role to cognitive, vicarious, self-regulatory and self-reflective processes in human adaptation and change. This theory has its roots in an agentic perspective that views people as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating, not just as reactive organisms shaped by environmental forces or driven by inner impulses. His book, Self-efficacy: The exercise of control was published in 1997.beliefs on academic functioning". Child Development, 67" (3), 1206-1222</ref> Bandura's research shows that high perceived self-efficacy leads teachers and students to set higher goals and increases the likelihood that they will dedicate themselves to those goals.Bandura, A.; Wood, R. (1989). "Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56 (5), 805-814 In an educational setting self-efficacy refers to a student or teacher's confidence to participate in certain actions that will help them achieve distinct goals. Awards Bandura has received more than sixteen honorary degrees, including those from the Universityof British Columbia, the University of Ottawa, Alfred University, the University of Rome, the University of Lethbridge, the University of Salamanca in Spain, Indiana University, the University of New Brunswick, Penn State University, Leiden University, and Freie Universität Berlin, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Universitat Jaume I in Spain, the University of Athens and the University of Alberta, and University of Catania. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1980. He received the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions from the American Psychological Association in 1980 for pioneering theresearch in the field of self-regulated learning. In 1999 he received the Thorndike Award for Distinguished Contributions of Psychology to Education from the American Psychological Association, and in 2001, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy. He is the recipient of the Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology Award from the American Psychological Association and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Western Psychological Association, the James McKeen Cattell Award from the American Psychological Society, and the Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Lifetime Contribution to Psychological Science from the American Psychological Foundation. In 2008,he received the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for contributions to psychology. In 2014, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his foundational contributions to social psychology, notably for uncovering the influence of observation on human learning and aggression". In 2016, he was rewarded the National Medal of Science by president Barack Obama. Major books The following books have more than 5,000 citations in Google Scholar: Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman. Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. HisYork: Ronald Press. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. Evans, R. I. (1989). Albert Bandura: The man and his ideas: A dialogue. New York: Praeger. Zimmerman, Barry J., & Schunk, Dale H. (Eds.)(2003). Educational psychology: A century of contributions''. Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum. Great Canadian Psychology Website – Albert Bandura Biography Albert Bandura discuses Moral Disengagement (in Russian) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10808 Social learning theory and aggression External links Category:1925 births Category:Living people Category:People from Lamont County Category:Canadian expatriate academics in the United States Category:Canadian psychologists Category:20th-century psychologists Category:21st-century psychologists
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Jokin Ezkieta Mendiburu (born 17 August 1996) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Athletic Bilbao as a goalkeeper. Club career Born in Pamplona, Navarre, Ezkieta represented CA Osasuna as a youth. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 24 August 2014, starting in a 2–0 away win against CD Corellano for the Tercera División championship. In March 2015, as his contract was due to expire, Ezkieta agreed to a contract with FC Barcelona. The deal was made official on 17 July, with the player signing a four-year deal and being assigned to the B-side in SegundaDivisión B. On 22 July 2016, Ezkieta was loaned to fellow third division side CE Sabadell FC, for one year. An undisputed starter, he contributed with 37 appearances (3330 minutes of action) as his side narrowly avoided relegation. Ezkieta subsequently returned to Barça and its reserve team, at the time in Segunda División. He made his professional debut on 25 September, starting in a 1–2 home loss against CD Lugo. On 1 July 2019, free agent Ezkieta signed a four-year contract with Athletic Bilbao, with a release clause set at €45 million. He made his first team debut on 28
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Kendrick Lichty Moxon is an American Scientology official and an attorney with the law firm Moxon & Kobrin. He practices in Los Angeles, California, and is a lead counsel for the Church of Scientology. Moxon received a B.A. from American University in 1972, and a J.D. degree from George Mason University in 1981. He was admitted to the Washington, D.C. bar association in 1984, and the State Bar of California in 1987. Moxon's early work for the Church of Scientology involved legal affairs, and he also held the title of "reverend". He worked out of the Scientology intelligence agency knownas the Guardian's Office (GO), and was named as an unindicted co-conspirator after the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into criminal activities by Scientology operatives called "Operation Snow White". An evidence stipulation in the case signed by both parties stated he had provided false handwriting samples to the FBI; Moxon has since said that he did not "knowingly supply" false handwriting samples. The bulk of Moxon's legal work is Scientology-related. He has served as Commissioner of the Scientology-affiliated organization Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR). He represented the Church of Scientology in 1988 in a billion-dollar class action lawsuit againstthe organization by former Scientologists which was dismissed in Los Angeles Superior Court. In 1990 Moxon represented the organization in a suit against the Internal Revenue Service in an attempt to gain access to information about Scientology held by the IRS. He assisted 50 Scientologists in filing separate lawsuits against the organization Cult Awareness Network (CAN), which led to the bankruptcy of the organization. He represented the plaintiff in the Jason Scott case against CAN and cult deprogrammer Rick Ross. A Scientology publication said Moxon had used church doctrine in bringing down CAN. Its assets were bought in bankruptcy courtby a Scientologist and legal associate of Moxon's. Moxon said he was proud of what he had done, referring to the old CAN organization as a "hate group". Moxon represented the manager of the Scientology facility Golden Era Productions in a filing against Keith Henson, a critic of Scientology. Moxon filed an affidavit in 2000 in the case involving the criminal prosecution of the Church of Scientology in the death of Scientologist Lisa McPherson, and defended her treatment by Scientology staffers as part of a religious practice. Early life and family Moxon was born in Pennsylvania. He graduated from AmericanUniversity in 1972 with a B.A. degree in Anthropology. He received his J.D. degree from George Mason University in 1981. He was admitted to the bar of Washington, D.C. on September 6, 1984, and the State Bar of California on June 17, 1987. In 1979, Moxon and Carla Smith had a daughter, Stacy Grove Meyer. Meyer died on June 25, 2000 after she fell off a ladder and was electrocuted after touching a 7,200-volt wire while working at Golden Era Productions. Golden Era Productions was cited by the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health for improper wiring precautions neara vault where Grove Meyer had been working. The California Occupational Safety and Health Administration investigated the incident, and determined that her death was not related to the safety violations at the facility. Grove Meyer had worked for two years at Golden Era Productions in landscaping and maintenance. Guardian's Office In 1977, Moxon served as an official of the Church of Scientology, and held the title of "reverend". His role within the organization in 1977 was called "Director of the Ministry of Legal Affairs of the Founding Church of Scientology". Along with Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard and nineteen otherScientologists, Moxon was named as an unindicted co-conspirator after the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into criminal activities by Scientology operatives called "Operation Snow White". At the time of the indictments and investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the Operation Snow White case, Moxon was working in the church intelligence agency then known as the Guardian's Office (GO). Operation Snow White was the name coined by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard for a mission by the organization's intelligence division to illegally obtain documents from the United States government. As part of Operation Snow White, members of the Guardian'sOffice broke into U.S. government offices including those of the Internal Revenue Service, in order to steal documents relating to Scientology. A 1979 stipulation of evidence signed by officials for Scientology states that Moxon provided false handwriting samples of GO operative Michael Meisner to the FBI. Both parties to the case were in agreement that Moxon responded to an October 14, 1976 subpoena titled "Grand Jury subpoena for all original known handwriting exemplars of Michael Meisner and the employment application and personnel records of Mr. Meisner in the possession of the Church of Scientology" by providing "fake handwriting samples inlieu of Mr. Meisner's true handwriting exemplars" to the United States government. The stipulation stated Moxon was "directed to supply the government with fake handwriting samples". Nine Scientologists signed the stipulation as part of a plea bargain. According to a 1976 letter from the "District of Columbia Security Office" of the Guardian's Office, "Rick Moxon" and four other individuals had either "full data or almost all of it", about covert operations against the United States government. According to the Guardian's Office letter, Moxon was prevented under penalty of a US$50,000 fine from disclosing his knowledge of the church cover operations.The non-disclosure agreement was titled "Covenant of Non-Disclosure; 'Doomsday Agreement'". The letter told an official for the Church of Scientology to instruct Moxon "if they do talk, then they will be expelled forever, hounded by the GO [Guardian Office] until doomsday, and left to rot in the Physical Universe". Moxon stated to the Phoenix New Times that the stipulation of evidence was written by FBI agents and signed by church officials. He asserted that he did not "knowingly supply" samples of false handwriting to the FBI, and said that he was investigated by bar associations for California and Washington, D.C.before being admitted to the respective bar associations. According to the Phoenix New Times, Moxon is "in good standing" with both bar associations. Former church intelligence operative Frank Oliver told the Phoenix New Times that in his work for the replacement to the Guardian's Office, the Office of Special Affairs, his last assignment for the organization was to assist Moxon in setting up a special unit focused on the Cult Awareness Network. Oliver stated that the goal of his work with Moxon was to recruit individuals who would become plaintiffs in lawsuits against the Cult Awareness Network. Church of Scientologyattorney Early work Moxon acted as attorney for the Church of Scientology in 1988 when former Scientologists sued the organization in a billion-dollar class action lawsuit. According to Moxon the former Scientologists included some members who were subject to excommunication, and they requested the return of donations they had made to the organization, as well as payment for time working on its behalf. The case was dismissed by a Los Angeles Superior Court judge, and Moxon characterized the plaintiffs as "a few former members who apparently banded together for the purpose of making a monetary killing". In 1990 Moxon representedthe Church of Scientology in a lawsuit against the Internal Revenue Service in an attempt to gain access to government documents on the organization. "The actions taken by the IRS in this case are typical of the agency's harassive treatment of religious groups," said Moxon in a statement in The Fresno Bee. During the Church of Scientology's battle with the IRS, Moxon's law firm hired private investigators to investigate the government agency. Private investigator Michael L. Shomers said he set up a dummy operation called "Washington News Bureau", posed as a reporter, and attempted to collection material on Scientology critics.purchased in bankruptcy court by a Scientology attorney, Scott fired Moxon and hired Graham Berry, a Los Angeles lawyer who had previously represented clients in suits against the Church of Scientology. Scott and Ross settled in 1996 for $5,000 and 200 hours of time from Ross for his intervention services. Scott stated that he felt he had been manipulated as part of the Church of Scientology's plan to destroy CAN. According to the Chicago Tribune, Scott and his relatives felt Moxon was not paying enough attention to Scott's financial judgment, and was instead focused on a "personal vendetta" against CAN."Basically, Jason said he was tired of being the poster boy for the Scientologists. My son has never been a member of the Church of Scientology. When he was approached by Moxon, he was lured by his promises of a $1 million settlement, so he went for it," said Scott's mother Katherine Tonkin in a statement to the Chicago Tribune. After Scott fired Moxon, Moxon filed emergency motions in two states and alleged Scott had been influenced by supporters of CAN to hire Berry as his lawyer. "He's really been abused by CAN and disgustingly abused by this guy Berry,""CAN no longer exists because it was a hate group that destroyed families. I’m very proud of what I’ve done," said Moxon in a statement in The American Lawyer. According to a Scientology publication, Moxon utilized Scientology doctrine to bring about the demise of the Cult Awareness Network. The publication, authored by Scientology official Kurt Weiland, stated: "A civil case was filed by the victim against [Rick] Ross and the Cult Awareness Network. This time he had an attorney who knew what he was doing and understood PTS/SP tech! The attorney was a Scientologist and OT [Operating Thetan] Rick Moxon.""PTS/SP tech" is Scientology terminology referring to the organization's founder L. Ron Hubbard's prescribed tactics of handling enemies called "suppressive persons" (SPs) and their associates, called "potential trouble sources" (PTSs). The Cult Awareness Network was seen by Scientology as a "SP" organization. Subsequent legal efforts Moxon represented manager Ken Hoden of the Church of Scientology's Golden Era Productions in February 1998 when he filed a restraining order against Keith Henson after Henson protested against Scientology in May 1997 and January 1998 outside the Golden Era film studios in Gilman Hot Springs, California. Moxon had argued that Henson was dangerous basedon Public Senior Higher Education Institutions" as a "religious inquisition". With fellow Scientology attorney Helena Kobrin, Moxon filed an affidavit in Pinellas-Pasco Circuit Court in March 2000, complaining to the judge about the criminal prosecution of the Church of Scientology related to the death of Lisa McPherson. They claimed that the prosecution held an "extreme religious bias" and a "narrow-minded concept of a church". They defended the practice of the Scientology staffers that had kept Lisa McPherson at the Fort Harrison Hotel in Clearwater, Florida, asserting they had been involved in the "Introspection Rundown", which they called an "entirely religious"practice developed by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard. They wrote that "Forcing a Scientologist to receive psychiatric services would be like forcing an Orthodox Jew to eat pork or forcing a devoted Catholic to have an abortion. It is simply unacceptable and unthinkable to our religious faith and conscience." Moxon said that the wrongful death lawsuit filed by members of McPherson's family against the Church of Scientology was "nothing more than a vehicle to say bad things about the church". The criminal prosecution in the Lisa McPherson case was dropped due to issues with record-keeping by the medical examiner; awrongful death civil suit was settled in 2004. According to Scientology general counsel Elliot Abelson, the bulk of Moxon's legal work is Scientology-related. In addition to his office with his law firm, as of 1997 Moxon also kept a legal office in the Church of Scientology's headquarters at Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Moxon has also served as legal advisor to the Scientology-affiliated organization Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR). According to a CCHR press release from 2001, Moxon represented CCHR International as its Commissioner. In 2014, Moxon sought arbitration through the National Arbitration Forum to have the Internet domain name,KendrickMoxon.com, transferred from Donald Myers to Moxon's ownership. Moxon successfully demonstrated to the Forum arbitrator that Myers "registered and used the domain name in bad faith", and Moxon's petition was granted. In 2013, Private Investigator Dwayne Powell was arrested on obstruction and prowling charges related to following Ron Miscavige. During the arrest, police found firearms and a homemade silencer. After his arrest, Powell claimed to have been paid $10,000 per week by Scientology through an intermediary. According to the Los Angeles Times, Moxon's firm paid Powell $16,000 and kept Powell on the payroll two years after his arrest. Works Papers
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Demetrio Camarda (Arbërisht: Dhimitër Kamarda; 22 October 1821, in Piana degli Albanesi – 13 March 1882, in Livorno) was an Arbëreshë linguist, patriot of the Arbëreshë, and publisher of Albanian folklore, with scientific knowledge also in the field of Indo-European linguistics. Camarda, along with Girolamo De Rada where the main two initiators of the Italo-Albanian (Arbëreshë) cultural movement in Italy during the second half of the 19th century. He was the follower of the literary work already performed by Jeronim De Rada. His main work, Test of Comparative Grammar on Albanian Language is the first scientific work of comparative historic
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Up a Road Slowly is a 1966 coming-of-age novel by American writer Irene Hunt, which won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature. This book is about a young child named Julie who grows from 7 to 17 years old with her aunt Cordelia and uncle Haskell in the country. Plot summary When seven-year-old Julie's mother dies, she is sent to live with her Aunt Cordelia, an unmarried schoolteacher who lives in a large house several miles outside town. Her uncle Haskell lives in a converted carriage house behind the main house. Haskell is an alcoholic who, like
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Leon Jerry "Jack" Guthrie (November 13, 1915 – January 15, 1948) was a songwriter and performer whose rewritten version of the Woody Guthrie song "Oklahoma Hills" was a hit in 1945. The two musicians were cousins. Early life Born in Olive, Oklahoma, he was a cousin of Woody Guthrie. He grew up around horses and musical instruments before the family moved to California in the mid-1930s, where he took on the nicknames "Jack", "Oklahoma", and "Oke". He competed in rodeo as a bucking-horse rider and in 1937 traveled with Woody to Los Angeles where they landed on The Oke &was admitted to a hospital with tuberculosis. He died in 1948 in Livermore, California. Guthrie's style was influenced by Jimmie Rodgers and adapted to fit his cowboy image. Although the labels listed 'Jack Guthrie & His Oklahomans' as the artist, in reality Guthrie had no working band. The studio brought in some of its better musicians to back Guthrie. Many of them, like Porky Freeman, Red Murrell, Cliffie Stone, and Billy Hughes were recording artists in their own right. Discography note: (*) also released as part of the 3-disc 78rpm album set Oklahoma Hills: Jack Guthrie Memorial Album (Capitol AC-76).
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Eduard Ingriš () (February 11, 1905 – January 11, 1991) was a Czech-American composer, photographer, conductor and adventurer. Born in Zlonice in Bohemia (then-Austro-Hungary, now Czech Republic), Ingriš left Czechoslovakia in 1947 for South America, living in Brazil and Peru. In 1955 and 1959 he organized the Kantuta and Kantuta II raft voyages and sailed across the Pacific, in similar style to Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-tiki. While Ingriš' travels spanned the globe and his talents led him through several careers, his first love was always music. He wrote the first arrangement of the famous "Beer Barrel Polka", after Jaromír Vejvoda cameupon the melody and sought Ingriš' help in refining it. This was shortly before the outbreak of World War II. The piece was brought to England by Czech pilots flying for the Royal Air Force, became an overnight hit there, and subsequently was popularized in America. Ingriš received degrees from the Charles University in Prague and the Prague Conservatory. He composed about 1,000 works, including forty-eight operettas and musical comedies, full opera and symphonies. At nineteen he composed the operetta "The Capricious Mirror", which played five years in Prague — a record-setting of 1,600 performances (surpassing records of New York'sin Hollywood, called "The Gallant One". Ingriš' own high adventure films "From High C's to High Seas", depicting his two balsa raft expeditions across the Pacific, "Untamed Amazon" and "Sailing the South Seas" of his return voyage on a ketch from Tahiti to Lima, Peru, are scored with his own compositions, and were personally presented on lecture tours for several years throughout USA, Canada and Hawaii and later transferred to videos. Ingriš resided at South Lake Tahoe, California where he died in 1991 at age 86. His remains were moved to his native village, Zlonice. External links Raft Voyage, from
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Kiryat Wolfson (), also known as Wolfson Towers, is a high-rise apartment complex in western Jerusalem. Comprising five towers ranging from 14 to 17 stories above-ground, the project was Jerusalem's first high-rise development. The project encountered opposition from both municipal officials and the public at each stage of its design and construction. The complex includes of commercial space and a medical center. The project was financed by the Edith and Isaac Wolfson Trust. Location Kiryat Wolfson is situated on a ridge at the western edge of Sha'arei Hesed, northwest of Rehavia. The towers overlook the Valley of the Cross, theKnesset, and the Israel Museum. History In the early 1960s, Jerusalem Mayor Mordechai Ish-Shalom sought entrepreneurs to improve Jerusalem's cityscape. He approached Mordechai and Moshe Meir of Israel, business partners with Sir Charles Clore of England and Sir Isaac Wolfson, to invest in the city. With Ish-Shalom's assistance, Mordechai Meir selected a plot overlooking the Valley of the Cross for an apartment project. The land was purchased from the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate and the Israel Land Administration for $1.2 million. To overcome the topographical drawbacks of the ridge, the developers applied for taller building rights. To convince the members ofthe Jerusalem planning committee to agree to the taller-than-normal construction, they hired a world-renowned architect, I. M. Pei, to design it. In 1967 Pei submitted his design, which called for three towers of 29 stories each. The local planning committee responded with "total opposition", claiming that the towers would "dwarf the Knesset", which faced it across the valley. The committee rejected the design but said it would be prepared to issue permits for towers no higher than 16 stories. Pei refused to downsize the towers and resigned (or was fired) from the project. Architect Yitzhak Perlstein, a brother-in-law of MordechaiMeir and architect in Meir's company, was tapped to produce a new design. Perlstein expanded the project to five towers averaging 16 stories each. He added 50 terraced apartments and a shopping center at the base of the buildings to accommodate the topographical contours. The revised plan raised another round of opposition when it was presented to the Jerusalem district planning committee. Kadish Luz, Speaker of the Knesset, claimed that "from the height of the towers, it would be possible to snipe at the Knesset, and even to bomb it". Ish-Shalom persuaded Luz to retract his opposition, and hinted tothe committee that a few small apartments could be set aside for committee members if they would approve the five towers, which they did. The first two towers were constructed between 1970 and 1972. After their completion, a public outcry ensued. Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek appealed to Meir to change the plans for the three remaining towers to a series of low-rise, terraced buildings, but Meir refused. Besides completing the three remaining towers, Meir erected six more high-rises on adjacent land a few years later. The finished towers of Kiryat Wolfson present a long, 16-story-high "wall" that completely obscures theclinic and many specialists. Demographics Most residents of the Wolfson Towers are foreign retirees. A 2006 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics survey reported that 22.1% of residents of Kiryat Wolfson were aged 70 or older. Kiryat Wolfson consistently logs the highest median age of any Jerusalem neighborhood, religious or secular, in the annual Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (JIIS) survey. In 2010 the median age in Kiryat Wolfson was 66, down from 68 in 2009. Kiryat Wolfson also has the lowest housing density in Jerusalem. A JIIS survey reported a housing density of per person in Kiryat Wolfson in 2005,
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Jorge Armando Mora Guzmán (born 16 January 1991 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a midfielder for Leones Negros. He is the son of former player Octavio Mora as well as the nephew of manager and former player, Mexican Daniel Guzmán. Club career Guadalajara Today he is one of the young promises of the Club Deportivo Guadalajara and he was added to the first team roster when Guadalajara played in the 2010 Copa Libertadores. He is already co-captain of the Chivas sub-20 team. On 19 February he scored his first goal and now holds the
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Scene 20: 20th Anniversary Concert is a live album by the progressive bluegrass Maryland band The Seldom Scene. Track listing Introduction 00:43 I Haven't Got the Right to Love You (Buchanan, Claude) 03:05 Gardens and Memories (Starling) 03:42 House of Gold (Williams) 04:08 Pictures from Life's Other Side (Traditional) 06:02 Satan's Jeweled Crown (Eden) 04:27 Will You Be Ready to Go Home (Williams) 03:02 Mean Mother Blues (Starling) 03:58 Were You There When They Crucified My Lord? (Traditional) 04:09 The Weary Pilgrim (Rosenthal) 03:17 Leavin' Harlan (Rosenthal) 05:07 Take Him In (Rosenthal) 03:19 Stompin' at the Savoy (Goodman, Razaf, Sampson,
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Antoni Gałecki (June 4, 1906 – December 14, 1958) was a Polish football player and defender who represented ŁKS Łódź. He also played on the Polish National Team during the 1936 Berlin Olympics and Poland's 1938 FIFA World Cup lone match against Brazil. Born in Łódź, Galecki joined the LKS Łódź team in 1922, becoming its key defender four years later. Gałecki represented this team until 1939, participating in more than 400 games. In many of them, he was the team captain. He wore the Polish National Team jersey for 22 games. His debut took place on October 27, 1928in Prague, against Czechoslovakia. During the 1936 Berlin Olympics, Gałecki was a key defender on the Polish team, participating in all games (3-0 vs Hungary, 5-4 vs Great Britain, 1-3 vs Austria and 2-3 vs Norway). Poland finished in 4th place. In 1937-38 Gałecki played in qualifying matches for the 1938 World Cup football match. In Warsaw, Poland beat Yugoslavia 4-0. In the second leg, in Belgrade, the Poles lost 0-1, but Poland qualified due to the goals advantage. Gałecki represented Poland in a legendary World Cup game against Brazil on June 5, 1938, in Strasbourg, France. The Poles lost5-6, but the match is to this day regarded as one of the best performances of the Polish National Team. Called to active military duty in August 1939, Gałecki fought in the September 1939 Campaign. He was held prisoner in a POW camp in Eger, Hungary, but managed to escape through Yugoslavia and Greece and reached Palestine, where he became a soldier of the Polish 2nd Corps. Gałecki fought at Tobruk and Monte Cassino. After the war, Gałecki returned to his hometown in 1947. He died in Łódź. See also Polish Roster in World Cup Soccer France 1938 Sources Category:1906
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Claife Heights is an upland area in the Lake District, near to Windermere in Cumbria, England. It has a topographic prominence of so is classified as a Marilyn (a hill with prominence of at least 150m). It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. He describes a clockwise circuit starting at Far Sawrey and passing Moss Eccles Tarn. He says "Claife Heights is delightful. It was more so before forestry curtailed walking and restricted the views." and describes it as "No definite summit. Highest parts about 900ft." References Category:Marilyns of England Category:Fells of
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The Calydonian or Aetolian Boar ( is one of the monsters of Greek mythology that had to be overcome by heroes of the Olympian age. Sent by Artemis to ravage the region of Calydon in Aetolia because its king failed to honour her in his rites to the gods, it was killed in the Calydonian Hunt, in which many male heroes took part, but also a powerful woman, Atalanta, who won its hide by first wounding it with an arrow. This outraged some of the men, with tragic results. Strabo was under the impression that the Calydonian Boar was anoffspring of the Crommyonian Sow vanquished by Theseus. Importance in Greek mythology and art The Calydonian Boar is one of the chthonic monsters in Greek mythology, each set in a specific locale. Sent by Artemis to ravage the region of Calydon in Aetolia, it met its end in the Calydonian Hunt, in which all the heroes of the new age pressed to take part, with the exception of Heracles, who vanquished his own Goddess-sent Erymanthian Boar separately. Since the mythic event drew together numerous heroes—among whom were many who were venerated as progenitors of their local ruling houses among tribal
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Manfredini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Aparicio Méndez (1904–1988), Uruguayan politician, birth name Aparicio Mėndez Manfredini Christian Manfredini (born 1975), Côte d'Ivoire-Italian footballer Francesco Manfredini (1684–1762), Italian Baroque composer, violinist, and church musician Harry Manfredini (born 1943), US musician Niccolò Manfredini (born 1988), Italian footballer Pedro Manfredini (1935–2019), Argentine footballer Renato Russo (1960–1996), Brazilian musician, birth name Renato Manfredini, Jr. Thomas Manfredini (born 1980), Italian footballer Vincenzo Manfredini (1737–1799), Italian composer, harpsichordist and music theorist Manfredini family of painters (Cremona) from the 18th and 19th centuries, included father Giovanni (1730–90), and his three sons, Paolo,
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Nadya Melati is a badminton player from Indonesia specializing in doubles. With her partner Vita Marissa, she became the runner-up in 2011 Indonesia Super Series Premier after losing to Wang Xiaoli and Yu Yang. Achievements Southeast Asian Games Women's doubles BWF Superseries (1 runner-up) The BWF Superseries has two level such as Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries features twelve tournaments around the world, which introduced since 2011, with successful players invited to the Superseries Finals held at the year end. Women's Doubles BWF Superseries Finals tournament BWF Superseries Premier tournament BWF Superseries tournament BWF Grand Prix (2runners-up) The BWF Grand Prix has two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007. Women's doubles BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament BWF Grand Prix tournament BWF International Challenge/Series Women's doubles Mixed doubles BWF International Challenge tournament BWF International Series tournament Performance timeline Indonesian team Senior level Individual competitions Senior level References External links Official Profile on BWF World Tour Category:Living people Category:1986 births Category:Sportspeople from Jakarta Category:Indonesian female badminton players Category:Competitors at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games Category:Southeast Asian Games silver medalists for
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The 2004 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California and were coached by Karl Dorrell. It was Dorrell's second season as the UCLA head coach. UCLA was not ranked in the preseason polls. The Bruins finished 6–6 overall, and were tied for fifth place in the Pacific-10 Conference with a 4–4 record. The Bruins were invited to play in the Las Vegas Bowl vs. Wyoming on December 30, 2004. Key players Schedule Game summaries Oklahoma State
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Dagny Juel-Przybyszewska (8 June 1867 – 5 June 1901) was a Norwegian writer, famous for her liaisons with various prominent artists, and for the dramatic circumstances of her death. She was the model for quite a few of Edvard Munch's paintings. She had relationships with Munch and briefly with Swedish playwright and painter August Strindberg. In 1893, she married the Polish writer Stanisław Przybyszewski. Together they had two children. She was shot in a hotel room in Tbilisi, Georgia in 1901, three days before her thirty-fourth birthday. Family background Dagny was born in Kongsvinger, Norway, the second of four daughtersof Doctor Hans Lemmich Juell and his wife Mindy (née Blehr). As a young woman Dagny changed the spelling of her name from 'Juell' to 'Juel'. The oldest sister, Gudrun, was beautiful and self-confident; Dagny was second born; third-born was a son, Hans Lemmich, who only lived one year; then came Astrid who was something of an invalid, who remained unmarried and stayed with her mother; and finally there was Ragnhild, who was closest to Dagny, and in time became a well-known opera singer. Early education Dagny's early education was taken in hand by Anna Stang, who established a privateschool for girls in Kongsvinger, and was one of the first advocates for women's rights in Norway, and was an active force in early Feminism. Dagny started studies in 1875, and six years later completed exams for entry into middle school. For several years she studied subjects such as Nature, History, Geography, Mathematics, English, German, and Norwegian language. Her results show that she was a diligent student. Erfurt and Oslo On 3 November 1882, two days after her confirmation, she left for Europe, to study music in Erfurt. In January 1890 Dagny and her sister Ragnhild moved to Oslo (thennamed Christiana) to continue their studies. There Dagny became involved with the bohemian life of the city. She had a brief relationship with Hjalmar Christensen in February and March. Berlin Dagny chose to continue her studies in Berlin, possibly for the reason that she could be with Munch, who had travelled there in the autumn of 1892, after the Union of Berlin Artists had invited him to stage a November exhibition of his work. The scandal that resulted from the exhibition made Munch a notable figure in Berlin, and he decided to stay there. Dagny first attended the Berlin barmother, was in the habit of leaving her own two children (Zenon born on 28 September 1895, and Ivi (Iwa) born on 2 or 5 October 1897, probably by cesarian section) with her parents in Kongsvinger for periods of time. The decadent and financially precarious life with the increasingly alcohol-dependent Przybyszewski in Berlin was far from a suitable environment to raise children. Abandonment and death Dagny accompanied Przybyszewski to Kraków where he became a key figure in the Young Poland movement, and editor of the journal Życie. While travelling in Galicia, Przybyszewski became involved with the wife of his friendJan Kasprowicz, and abandoned Dagny for this woman. Stanisław Przybyszewski may have encouraged Dagny's relationships with Henryk Sienkiewicz (who arranged a grant of 3200 Austrian Kronen from the Polish Academy of Talent for Przybyszewski) and with Władysław Emeryk, the son of a mine-owner. There is some evidence that Przybyszewski and Emeryk may have plotted her murder. At the time of Dagny's death, Przybyszewski was involved with two other women in Poland — Jadwiga Kasprowiczowa and Aniela Pająkówna, one of whose two daughters was Przybyszewski's, while Dagny had romantic relationships with at least three men in Paris, including Emeryk. Emeryk invitedPrzybyszewski and Dagny on a trip to visit his family in the Caucasus; at the last minute Przybyszewski backed out, saying he would join them later. On 5 June 1901, in a room of the small 'Grand Hotel' in the Georgian capital city of Tiflis (now Tbilisi), Emeryk shot her in the head; the next day he attempted to shoot himself. Her 5-year-old son, Zenon, witnessed the murder of his mother. She was buried at a Roman Catholic church in Tiflis and reburied, in 1999, into a churchyard at the Kukia cemetery. Works Short story 'Rediviva' (1893, published posthumously in1977) Drama Den sterkere (The Stronger) submitted to the Christiania Theater, 1895; accepted for publication in the periodical Samtiden 1896. In books and film In 1977 there was a Polish/Norwegian film based on Dagny Juel's life, called Dagny. Zenon appears along with his daughter Ann, in Ingeranna Krohn-Nydal's 2005 Norwegian documentary film — Død Madonna (Dead Madonna: Dagny Juel Przybyszewska). Her death was a subject of a short novel by a prominent Russian writer J. Nagibin Three men and a woman and another man and a Russian movie A Model loosely based on this novel. Dagny or a Love Feast,a book by Georgian writer Zurab Karumidze, was published in 2011. Sources Eivor Martinus, Strindberg and Love Amber Lane Press, 2001. ; pages 146 – 149. Further reading Ewa K. Kossak, Dagny Przybyszewska: Zbłąkana gwiazda, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1973. Aleksandra Sawicka, Dagny Juel Przybyszewska: Fakty i legendy, wydawnictwo słowo/obraz terytoria, Gdańsk, 2006 Mary Kay Norseng, Dagny Juel Przybyszewska: The Woman and the Myth. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1991. External links Polish site including brief overview in English Notes Category:1867 births Category:1901 deaths Category:Norwegian artists' models Category:Norwegian writers Category:Norwegian people murdered abroad Category:Deaths by firearm in Georgia (country)
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Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1689 – 13 August 1758) was an Ottoman statesman and military leader who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire three times. Family His father, Nuh, was a Venetian convert to Islam who worked in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) as a doctor, and his mother Safiye was a Turk. His epithet Hekimoğlu means "son of a physician" in Turkish. Early years Ali worked in various districts (and provinces) of the empire like Zile (in modern-day Tokat Province, Turkey), Yeniil (south of modern-day Sivas Province, Turkey), Adana Eyalet (in modern-day Turkey), Aleppo Eyalet (in modern-day Syria) as a
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Chris Stacey (born 21 February 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy and the Brisbane Bears in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Originally from Koroit, Stacey was called up only once by Fitzroy, for a game against the Sydney Swans at the SCG. Stacey joined Brisbane for their maiden season in 1987 but had to wait until midway through the year to break into the seniors. When he eventually made his Bears debut, once more against the Swans, he starred with 16 disposals and four goals. He however played only two more games for Brisbane. Back
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James Henthorn Todd (23 April 1805 – 28 June 1869) was a biblical scholar, educator, and Irish historian. He is noted for his efforts to place religious disagreements on a rational historical footing, for his advocacy of a liberal form of Protestantism, and for his endeavours as an educator, librarian, and scholar in Irish history. Early life He was the son of Charles Hawkes Todd, a professor of surgery, and Eliza Bentley, and was the oldest of fifteen children. Noted physician Robert Bentley Todd was among his younger brothers. His father died a year after he received a B.A. fromelected a member of the Royal Irish Academy, and strove actively to acquire transcripts and accurate accounts of Irish manuscripts from foreign libraries. He was honorary secretary from 1847 to 1855, and president from 1856 to 1861. In 1860 he was given an ad eundem degree at Oxford. Todd was a notable person among notable people. His work was widely respected and cited. Among his friends and acquaintances were lawyer and poet Sir Samuel Ferguson, Conservative MP and Roman Catholic convert Edwin Wyndham-Quin, fellow historian William Reeves, artist Sir George Petrie, and the Stokes family (physician father William, future lawyerand Celticist son Whitley, and future antiquarian daughter Margaret). James Henthorn Todd died at his house in Rathfarnham on 28 June 1869 and was buried in the churchyard of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Partial bibliography The Last Age of the Church, Attributed to John Wycliff (1840) An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, by John Wycliffe (1842) The Book of Obits and Martyrology of the Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity: Commonly Called Christ Church, Dublin (1844) – with John Clarke Crosthwaite Six Discourses on the Prophecies Relating to Antichrist in The Apocalypse of St. John (1846) The Search After Infallibility: Remarks on
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Three from the Unemployment Office (German: Drei von der Stempelstelle) is a 1932 German comedy film directed by Eugen Thiele and starring Fritz Kampers, Paul Kemp and Anton Walbrook. It premiered on February 29, 1932. The film's title alludes to the 1930 hit The Three from the Filling Station. Cast Fritz Kampers as Fritz Wenneis, Arbeitsloser Paul Kemp as Arthur Jaenicke, Arbeitsloser Anton Walbrook as Max Binder, Arbeitsloser Evelyn Holt as Else, deren Tochter Margarete Kupfer as Mutter Gohlke, Wäscherin Ferdinand von Alten as Kienast, Chef eines Modesalons Helen Schöner as Frau Kienast Margita Alfvén as Die Directrice Marion Moench
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Living Hard is the seventh studio album by American country music singer Gary Allan. It was released on October 23, 2007 via MCA Nashville. The album debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling approximately 69,000 copies during its first week. Its lead-off single, "Watching Airplanes", reached number 2 on the country charts, its second single "Learning How to Bend" peaked at number 13, and the third single "She's So California" went to number 24. "Like It's a Bad Thing" was later recorded by Danny Gokey on his 2010 debut album My Best Days. "Half of MyMistakes" was written by Bobby Houck and Radney Foster and originally recorded by Houck's band, the Blue Dogs, on their 2004 album, Halos and Good Buys, then by Foster on his 2004 album And Then There's Me (The Back Porch Sessions), and finally by Jace Everett on his 2005 self-titled debut album. Track listing Personnel From Living Hard liner notes. Musicians Perry Coleman - background vocals Chad Cromwell - drums Eric Darken - percussion Dan Dugmore - steel guitar Jerry Flowers - background vocals Kenny Greenberg - electric guitar Jaime Hanna - electric guitar, background vocals Wes Hightower - backgroundvocals The Love Sponge Strings - strings Steve Nathan - piano, Hammond B-3 organ, Wurlitzer electric piano Russ Pahl - steel guitar, acoustic guitar Jon Randall - background vocals Michael Rhodes - bass guitar Brent Rowan - electric guitar Hank Singer - fiddle Russell Terrell - background vocals Robby Turner - steel guitar John Willis - acoustic guitar, mandolin Glenn Worf - bass guitar Technical Gary Allan - producer Greg Droman - recording, mixing Hank Williams - mastering Kris Wilkinson - string arranger Mark Wright - producer Chart performance Album Singles Certifications References Category:2007 albums Category:Gary Allan albums Category:MCA Records
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### User:
Samantha Sloyan (born January 4, 1979) is an American actress. Sloyan is best known for her roles in In the Key of Eli and Scandal, Hush and Grey's Anatomy. Early life Samantha Sloyan was born in 1979 in California. She is the daughter of the American actor James Sloyan and actress Deirdre Lenihan, and has one brother named Daniel Sloyan. Career Sloyan first appeared the 2003 independent feature film My Life With Morrissey as a florist. She continued to appear in a few short films such as No Shoulder, Shamelove, and Autodoc. In 2009, she produced and starred in theshort film Plus One. Sloyan has also guest-starred in several television series such as The Beast, The Forgotten, Law & Order: LA, and NCIS. She played a recurring role as a White House employee named Jeannine Locke in the first three seasons of Scandal. She also guest-starred in another ShondaLand-produced show named Private Practice in 2010. Sloyan continued to appear in smaller films, including In the Key of Eli, Tape 407, and the television movie Murder in Mexico: The Bruce Beresford-Redman Story. In 2014, Sloyan guest-starred in four television series, including, Castle, Parks and Recreation, Hawaii Five-0, and Rizzoli &Isles. She began a recurring role in the ShondaLand-produced show Grey's Anatomy as Dr. Penelope Blake. She first appeared in the eleventh season highly critical episode "How to Save a Life", which included the death of lead character, Derek Shepherd, played by Patrick Dempsey, who had starred on the series since the beginning. She appeared again in the 12th season, including the show's 250th episode "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner", which was mostly focused on Sloyan's character. Filmography Films Television References External links American Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:American film actresses Category:Actresses from Los Angeles County, California Category:21st-century American actresses
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, was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and twice Prime Minister of Japan from 1913 to 1914 and again from 1923 to 1924. Biography Early life Yamamoto was born in Kagoshima in Satsuma Province (now Kagoshima Prefecture) as the sixth son of samurai who served the Shimazu clan. As a youth, he took part in the Anglo-Satsuma War. He later joined Satsuma's Eighth Rifle Troop in the Boshin War that ended the Tokugawa shogunate, fighting at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi and other locations; he was also aboard one of the ships that pursued Enomoto Takeaki and the remnantsa gunnery manual that became the standard for the Imperial Japanese Navy and served as executive officer of the cruiser on its shakedown voyage from Elswick to Japan (1885 to 1886). After serving as captain of the corvette , he accompanied Navy Minister Kabayama Sukenori on a trip to the United States and Europe that lasted over a year (1887 to 1888). As commander of the cruiser , undertook a confidential mission to meet Qing General Yuan Shikai in Hanseong (Seoul), Korea (1890). Afterwards, he assumed command of the . Working under his patron, Navy Minister Saigō Tsugumichi from 1893,Yamamoto became the real leader of the navy; initiating numerous reforms, attempting to end favoritism toward officers of his own Satsuma province, attempting to end officers from profiteering from military office, and attempting to attain roughly equal status with the Army in the Supreme War Council. He also pushed for an aggressive strategy towards the Chinese Empire in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95).Yamamoto was promoted to rear admiral in 1895 and to vice admiral in 1898. As Minister of the Navy In November 1898, Yamamoto was appointed Navy Minister under the second Yamagata Aritomo administration. By this time, the RussianEmpire was already perceived as the greatest threat to Japan, and Yamamoto advised the government that it was possible that Japan would win a conflict against Russia, albeit at the cost of more than half of the Imperial Japanese Navy. He sponsored promising junior officers s a "brain trust", including Akiyama Saneyuki and Hirose Takeo, whom he sent as naval attachés to the United States, United Kingdom and Russia to gather intelligence and to make strategic assessments of capabilities. Domestically, he pushed for increased capacity and modernisation of shipyards and steel mills, and for the increase import of higher qualitycoal from the United Kingdom to power his warships. Externally, he was a strong supporter of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. As an indication of the increased independence and prestige of the Navy, Emperor Meiji appeared in naval uniform during a public appearance for the first time. Yamamoto was made baron (danshaku) under the kazoku peerage system in 1902; and he was promoted to the rank of admiral in 1904. As Minister of the Navy during the Russo-Japanese War, Yamamoto showed strong leadership and was responsible for appointing Tōgō Heihachirō as commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet. He gave voice to Tōgō's reportswhen he read aloud his reports from the war to the assembled Diet. Yamamoto was replaced as Navy Minister by Saito Makoto in January 1906. He was elevated to count (hakushaku) in 1907. As Prime Minister In February 1913, Yamamoto became Prime Minister of Japan in 1913, succeeding Katsura Taro as leader of then Rikken Seiyukai political party. During Yamamoto's first term as the prime minister, he abolished the rule that both the Navy Minister and Army Minister had to be active duty officers. This rule gave the military a stranglehold over the civilian government's the military could withdraw theirIncident). Subsequently, Yamamoto withdrew from political life completely. Suggestions that he be made one of the Genrō were vehemently opposed by his life-long political enemy, Saionji Kinmochi, who also blocked all efforts for him to have a seat on the [[Privy Council (Japan)|Privy Council. In December 1933, none months after the death of his wife, Yamamoto died of complication due to Benign prostatic hyperplasia at his home in Takanawa, Tokyo at the age of 82. His grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo. Honors Peerages Baron (27 February 1902) Count (21 September 1907) Japanese 1887 – Order of theRising Sun, 6th class 1895 – Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class 1895 – Order of the Golden Kite, 4th class 1900 – Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class 1901 – Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun 1906 – Order of the Golden Kite, 1st class 1906 – Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers 1928 – Order of the Chrysanthemum 1930 – Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum Foreign 1900 – - Prussia - Order of the Red Eagle, 1st class 1900 – - France - Legion of Honour, Grand officier1907 – - France - Legion of Honour, Grand Croix 1907 – - UK - Order of St Michael and St George, Knight Grand Cross (GCMG). Notes References Sources External links London Gazette Issue 28019 Category:1852 births Category:1933 deaths Category:20th-century Prime Ministers of Japan Category:Imperial Japanese Navy admirals Category:Kazoku Category:Boshin War Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite, 1st class Category:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun Category:Recipients of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers Category:People from Kagoshima Category:People from Satsuma Domain Category:People of Meiji-period
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Jason Briggs (born 21 November 1971 in Sutton-in-Ashfield) is a former British pair skater. With partner Kathryn Pritchard, he won the bronze medal at the 1992 British Figure Skating Championships and finished 17th at the 1992 Winter Olympics. He later teamed with Dana Mednick and won the 1994 national title. The pair finished 17th at the European Figure Skating Championships that year but was unable to compete in the 1994 Winter Olympics due to Mednick's citizenship issues. External links Sports-Reference profile Category:British male pair skaters Category:1971 births Category:Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain Category:Figure skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
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Research Unix refers to early versions of the Unix operating system for DEC PDP-7, PDP-11, VAX and Interdata 7/32 and 8/32 computers, developed in the Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research Center (CSRC). History The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical Journal (Vol. 57, No. 6, Pt. 2 Jul/Aug 1978) to distinguish it from other versions internal to Bell Labs (such as PWB/UNIX and MERT) whose code-base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little-used until Version 8 Unix, but has been retroactively applied to earlier versions as well. Prior to V8, theoperating system was most commonly called simply UNIX (in caps) or the UNIX Time-Sharing System. AT&T licensed Version 5 to educational institutions, and Version 6 also to commercial sites. Schools paid $200 and others $20,000, discouraging most commercial use, but Version 6 was the most widely used version into the 1980s. Research Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the manual that describes them, because early versions and the last few were never officially released outside of Bell Labs, and grew organically. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the TenthEdition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x (or Vx) Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix—excepting Unix-like implementations such as Coherent, Minix, and Linux—derive from the 7th Edition. Starting with the 8th Edition, versions of Research Unix had a close relationship to BSD. This began by using 4.1cBSD as the basis for the 8th Edition. In a Usenet post from 2000, Dennis Ritchie described these later versions of Research Unix as being closer to BSD than they were to UNIX System V, which also included some BSD code: Versions Legacy In2002, Caldera International released Unix V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7 on PDP-11 and Unix 32V on VAX as FOSS under a permissive BSD-like software license. In 2017, Unix Heritage Society and Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc., on behalf of itself and Nokia Bell Laboratories, released V8, V9, V10 under the condition: "will not assert its copyright rights with respect to any non-commercial copying, distribution, performance, display or creation of derivative works of Research Unix®1 Editions 8, 9, and 10". See also Ancient UNIX Systems History of Unix Inferno - Another operating system from the same team Lions' Commentary on UNIX
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Cameroon competed at the 2019 African Games held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. In total athletes representing Cameroon won 5 gold medals, 14 silver medals and 9 bronze medals and the country finished 11th in the medal table. Medal summary Medal table | style="text-align:left; width:78%; vertical-align:top;"| | style="text-align:left; width:22%; vertical-align:top;"| Athletics No medals were won by athletes representing Cameroon in athletics. Jean Tarcisius Batamboc and Mayoumendam Zounedou competed in the men's 100 metres event. Fanny Appes Ekanga competed in the women's 200 metres event. Boxing Seven athletes were scheduled to compete in boxing. Dorine Stéphane Mambouwon the bronze medal in the women's featherweight (57kg) event. Chess Four chess players represented Cameroon in chess. Football Cameroon's women's national under-20 football team competed in the women's tournament. Gymnastics In total four athletes represented Cameroon in gymnastics. Handball The women's national handball team competed in handball at the 2019 African Games. They won the silver medal in the women's tournament. Judo Eight athletes represented Cameroon in judo: Njepang Njapa Audrey Dilane, Arrey Sophina Ntui Ayuk Otay, Tsala Tsala Bernadin, Dolassem Dieudonne, Bell Ngindjel Franck Parisi, Wezeu Dombeu Helene, Mballa Atangana Hortence Vanessa and Bata Philomene Jocelin. Karate Camerooncompeted in karate. Table tennis Nyoh Ofon Derek and Hannfou Nana Sarah competed in table tennis. Derek competed in the men's singles event and Sarah competed in the women's singles event. Sarah won the silver medal in that event. They both also competed in the mixed doubles event. Taekwondo Adjewa Frederic, Amougou Antoine Thiery, Neyi Esrom and Touembou Kamgue Silvere competed in Taekwondo. Volleyball Both's the men's and women's national volleyball teams competed in volleyball. The men's team won gold in the men's tournament and the women's team won silver in the women's tournament. Weightlifting Cameroon competed in weightlifting. In
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Jessica Boone (born May 14, 1984 in Houston, Texas) is an American actress and voice actress with extensive experience in Shakespeare and musical theatre who used to primarily work for ADV Films, Seraphim Digital and Sentai Filmworks when she lived in Houston. Career Boone has been a leading player with the Houston Shakespeare Festival and is co-CEO and an associate artist for Prague Shakespeare Company, the Czech Republic's professional English-language theatre, where her roles have included Rosalind, Juliet, Helena, Regan, Ophelia, Innogen and Lady Macbeth among others. Boone is also an accomplished voice actress known throughout the anime world forher work voicing hundreds of characters in Japanese animated series such as Mimmy in Hello Kitty, Misaki Suzuhara in Angelic Layer, Rei Miyamoto in High School of the Dead, Chiyo Mihama in Azumanga Daioh and Sheele in Akame ga Kill. Her film and TV work includes feature films Unlocked directed by Michael Apted, starring Michael Douglas, Orlando Bloom, Noomi Rapace and John Malkovich and Puerto Ricans In Paris starring Rosario Dawson, Rosie Perez and Luis Guzman. Boone also appeared on Disney-ABC Television Group as Rabia in Missing starring Ashley Judd, Sean Bean and Cliff Curtis. She currently lives in Prague,2009) A Midsummer Night's Dream – Helena (Houston Shakespeare Festival - 2010) King Lear – Regan (Prague Shakespeare Festival/Classical Theatre Company in Houston and Prague - 2011) As You Like It – Rosalind (Prague Shakespeare Festival/Krumlov Shakespeare Festival - 2011) As You Like It – Rosalind (Prague Shakespeare Festival/Classical Theatre Company in Houston and Prague - 2011) The Coast of Utopia: Salvage – Natasha (Main Street Theater - 2012) The Coast of Utopia: Shipwreck – Natasha (Main Street Theater - 2012) Richard III – Lady Anne (Prague Shakespeare Festival/Main Street Theater - April 2012 in Houston and Prague) Hamlet –Ophelia (Prague Shakespeare Festival - October 2012) Henry V – Katherine/ Boy (Prague Shakespeare Company/ Main Street Theater - 2013) Cymbeline – Innogen (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2013) Macbeth – Lady Macbeth (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2013-2014) Venus in Fur – Vanda (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2014) Into The Woods - Cinderella (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2014) Much Ado About Nothing - Hero (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2015) Twelfth Night - Viola (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2015) The Winter's Tale - Hermione (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2016) Amadeus - Constanza Weber (Prague Shakespeare Company - 2017) The Revolutionists - Charlotte
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Robert Stephen Poydasheff (born 1930) is an American attorney and politician who served one term as mayor of Columbus, Georgia from 2003 to 2007. A retired military officer, he spent twenty-four years in the United States Army, retiring at the rank of colonel. Early life and education Poydasheff was born and raised in The Bronx in New York City; he attended DeWitt Clinton High School. He earned a B.A. in political science from The Citadel in 1954, a J.D. from Tulane University Law School in 1957, an M.A. in international relations from Boston University's Graduate Program in Berlin, Germany in1967, and attended The Hague Academy of International Law in the Netherlands. Military service In May 1955, Poydasheff was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry branch of the United States Army. After going on leave without pay to attend law school, he was reassigned to the Judge Advocate General's Corps. Assignments included acting as chief counsel to several high-ranking officers involved in the My Lai Massacre and the Post Exchange scandal. He served a total of twenty-four years, retiring as a colonel in 1979. Political career Poydasheff served on the Columbus city council from 1994 through 2002. Hewas elected mayor in 2002, defeating fellow-counselor Richard H. Smith and former state representative Jed Harris. He was unsuccessful in his 2006 bid for re-election to a second term and was succeeded by former Columbus police chief Jim Wetherington. A Republican, Poydasheff has described himself as ideologically similar to Colin Powell. He supported Democrat Teresa Tomlinson in her successful 2010 mayoral run. Personal life Poydasheff is married to the former Anastasia "Stacy" Catherine Latto, and has two children, Catherine Alexandra Ross and Robert S. Poydasheff Jr. References External links Category:1930 births Category:Living people Category:Tulane University alumni Category:Tulane University Law School
### Assistant:
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The Manitowish River is a river in Vilas County and Iron County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. Its source is Fishtrap Lake near Boulder Junction. The conjunction of the Manitowish River and the Bear River is the source of the north fork of the Flambeau River. Historically the Manitowish River was an important part of an extensive network of canoe routes linked by short land portages, used by the Ojibwe and fur traders. In modern times the river and the lakes it connects are popular recreational waterways. By some early accounts Manitowish is derived from a
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Elizbar Odikadze (born 14 June 1989) is a Georgian freestyle wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 97 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in which he lost the bronze medal match to Albert Saritov. He has qualified to represent Georgia at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's freestyle 97 kg event. References Category:1989 births Category:Living people Category:Male sport wrestlers from Georgia (country) Category:Olympic wrestlers of Georgia (country) Category:Wrestlers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Category:Wrestlers at the 2015 European Games Category:Wrestlers at the 2019 European Games Category:European Games competitors for Georgia (country) Category:European Games medalists in wrestling Category:European
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Relations:[["Elizbar Odikadze", "participant in", "2016 Summer Olympics"]] |
### User:
Shelley Morten (born November 24, 1959) is a retired Canadian wrestler, current wrestling coach, and documentary film director and producer. As a competitor, Morten won gold in the Canadian Wrestling Championships three times and represented Canada at the World Wrestling Championships in 1995, placing seventh. She was BC Wrestling Women's Senior Athlete of the year 1995. After retiring from competition, Morten became a coach for the British Columbia women's wrestling team, and won the BC Blind Sports President's Award in 1999. She is a co-founder of VanWestFilm Productions, which recently released a documentary titled Wrestling With Attitude (2012) about the
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Relations:[["Shelley Morten", "country of citizenship", "Canada"]] |
### User:
The Nepal National Library (Nepali: नेपाल राष्ट्रिय पुस्तकालय) is the legal deposit and copyright library of Nepal under the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. History It was established on 2 January 1957 and was initially based around the purchased private collection of Rajguru Hem Raj Pandey, an advisor to King Mahendra of Nepal. Items of the Central Secretariat Library were also brought into the collection totaling 34,292 items at the time of the foundation. The library is located at Pulchowk near UNDP complex. At present the library has around 84,000 volumes of books, journals and other materials in different
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