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Mentha longifolia (horse mint; syn. M. spicata var. longifolia L., M. sylvestris L., M. tomentosa D'Urv, M. incana Willd.) is a species in the genus Mentha (mint) native to Europe excluding Britain and Ireland, western and central Asia (east to Nepal and the far west of China), and northern and southern (but not tropical) Africa. It is a very variable herbaceous perennial plant with a peppermint-scented aroma. Like many mints, it has a creeping rhizome, with erect to creeping stems 40–120 cm tall. The leaves are oblong-elliptical to lanceolate, 5–10 cm long and 1.5–3 cm broad, thinly to densely tomentose,the head used with vinegar." Subspecies There are seven subspecies: Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia, Europe, northwest Africa Mentha longifolia subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq., southern Africa Mentha longifolia subsp. grisella (Briq.) Briq., southeastern Europe Mentha longifolia subsp. noeana (Briq.) Briq., Turkey east to Iran Mentha longifolia subsp. polyadena (Briq.) Briq., southern Africa Mentha longifolia subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley., northeast Africa, southwest Asia Mentha longifolia subsp. wissii (Launert) Codd., southwestern Africa It has been widely confused with tomentose variant plants of Mentha spicata; it can be distinguished from these by the hairs being simple unbranched, in contrast to the branched hairs of
### Assistant:
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2008 novel by Zoë Heller "Al-Mu'minoon" ("The Believers"), twenty-third sura (chapter) of the Qur'an The Believers, by Janice Holt Giles, 1957 The Believers, 1982 novel by Nicholas Condé Film and television The Believer (film), a 2001 film directed by Henry Bean The Believers, a 1987 neo-noir film by John Schlesinger The Believers (2012 film), a documentary about cold fusion Believer (2018 American film), a HBO LGBT documentary by Don Argott Believer (2018 South Korean film), a film by Lee Hae-young Believers (film), a 2007 film directed by Daniel Myrick "Believers" (Babylon 5), an episode of Babylon 5 Music Believer (band),from the soundtrack of the 2019 animated film Arctic Dogs "Believer", by 3 Doors Down from Time of My Life "Believer", by Bizarre from Friday Night at St. Andrews "Believer", by BT from the soundtrack of the 1999 film Go "Believer", by DJ Muggs from Dust "Believer", by Marla Glen from This is Marla Glen (1993) "Believer", by Freemasons feat. Wynter Gordon (2010) "Believer", by Ozzy Osbourne from Diary of a Madman "Believer", by Rogue Traders from Here Come the Drums "Believer", by Susanna and the Magical Orchestra from List of Lights and Buoys "Believers" (song), single by Joe Nichols
### Assistant:
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### User:
Oktyabrsk () is a town in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River (Saratov Reservoir), from Samara. Population: History It was founded in 1956 by consolidating of three settlements: Batraki, Pravaya Volga and Permomaysky. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Oktyabrsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Oktyabrsk is incorporated as Oktyabrsk Urban Okrug. Transportation There is a railway station in the town. References Notes Sources
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### User:
Charles Coleridge Mackarness (22 July 1850 – 1 March 1918) was the Archdeacon of the East Riding between 1898 and 1916. In his youth, he had been a keen amateur sportsman and played twice in the FA Cup Final for Oxford University, being on the victorious side in 1874 and runner-up in the previous year. Early life and family Mackarness was born at Tardebigge in Worcestershire, the eldest son of John Mackarness and his wife, Alethea Buchanan Mackarness, née Coleridge (1827–1909). At the time of Charles's birth, his father was vicar at Tardebigge and then, from 1855, rector at Honitonin Devon, before being appointed Bishop of Oxford in 1870, a post he held until shortly before his death. His mother was the youngest daughter of John Taylor Coleridge, a judge, who was the nephew of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was baptised at St Bartholomew's Church, Tardebigge on 11 August 1850. His siblings included Frederick (1854–1920), a Liberal politician and Member of Parliament for Newbury and his sister, Eleanor (1855–1936), who married Randal Parsons (1848–1936), the son of William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse and his wife Mary, both of whom were prominent astronomers. Another sister, Mary (1851–1940),married Bernard Coleridge, 2nd Baron Coleridge, a judge who became MP for Sheffield Attercliffe. Education Mackarness was educated at Winchester College, representing the school at cricket in 1868. He matriculated and went up to Exeter College, Oxford in 1869, graduating with a BA 2nd class (Final Classical School) in 1873, and an MA in 1876. In 1901, he became a fellow of Denstone College. He obtained his Bachelor of Divinity (BD) and Doctor of Divinity (DD) degrees in 1914. Cricket career Having played cricket for Winchester College in 1868, he made single appearances for the Gentlemen of Devon and forDevon in 1869. While at Oxford, he made appearances for various teams, including a trial for the university team in May 1873, becoming captain of the Exeter College XI in 1873. Football career Mackarness was a founder member of the Oxford University Association Football Club on 9 November 1871. Mackarness played for the university side during its early years, generally playing as a full back. Described as having "a brilliant kick, never misses his kick", he was "a back who knows but few superiors". Oxford University did not enter the inaugural FA Cup tournament in which the first matches wereplayed two days after the Oxford University AFC was founded. The following year, the club entered at the first round stage, defeating Crystal Palace 3–2 on 26 October 1872, and winning their next three matches to reach the semi-final, where they were drawn against the leading Scottish club, Queen's Park. Queen's, however, were unable to raise the funds to travel to London and withdrew from the competition, giving Oxford a bye into the final. In the final, played at Lillie Bridge on 29 March 1873, the university met the defending champions, Wanderers who, under the original rules of the competition,were exempt from the earlier rounds. Mackarness played as the solitary full-back for the university, who dominated much of the match, but conceded a goal after 27 minutes, when the Wanderers captain Arthur Kinnaird outpaced the university's backs and kicked the ball between the goalposts. In a desperate attempt to secure an equalising goal, Oxford took the unusual step of dispensing with the use of a goalkeeper and moved Andrew Leach upfield to play as a forward. This plan back-fired at around the 80-minute mark, however, when Charles Wollaston broke through and scored a second goal for the Wanderers, whothereby retained the trophy. In the following year, Oxford University again entered the tournament at the First Round stage where they defeated Upton Park 4–0, going on to defeat Barnes, Wanderers and Clapham Rovers to reach the final, where they met the Royal Engineers. The final was played at Kennington Oval on 10 March 1874, in front of a crowd of 2,000. Mackarness again played as the university's sole full-back. Ten minutes into the match, Oxford gained a corner; as the corner was taken, a melee developed in front of the Engineers' goal, and the ball fell to Mackarness, whoshot it over the crowd of players and past goalkeeper William Merriman. Ten minutes later, the university doubled their lead with a goal from Frederick Patton, after some skilful dribbling by captain Cuthbert Ottaway and Robert Vidal. Despite some late attacks on goal from the Sappers, Oxford hung on to win 2–0 and thus secured the cup for the first and only time. Clerical career Mackarness was ordained as a deacon in 1874 and as a priest the following year. He was the Assistant Curate of St Mary's, Reading from 1874 to 1879, and also a chaplain to his father,the Bishop of Oxford, from 1875 to 1878. He was the Chaplain, Censor and Theological Lecturer at King's College, London between 1879 and 1882, before becoming vicar at Aylesbury in 1882, where he was responsible for St Mary's and St John's churches. From 1887, he combined this role with that of rural dean at Aylesbury until January 1889, when he became vicar of St Martin's, Scarborough. His sister, Julia, had been superintendent of St Martin's Lodge (a home for ladies) in Scarborough since 1882. Although Mackarness was a dedicated Tractarian, at St Martin's his ministry was based on the BookMackarness continued with the service, before returning to the vicarage, where he found that shrapnel had entered through the window of his study and damaged the bookshelf behind his desk. Later that day, the wedding of Richard Horsley and Winnifred Duphoit continued as planned. Charles Mackarness's "sangfroid" remains a "staple" of tours of St Martin's church in the 21st century. Mackarness was appointed Prebendary (Canon) of York in 1896 and Archdeacon of the East Riding in 1898, combining this with the care of his parish until his retirement. He was also an Examining Chaplain to the Archbishop of York. Wifeand children On 14 September 1882, he married Grace Emily Milford (1856–1944), the daughter of Robert Newman Milford and his wife Emily Sarah, née Sumner. Her father was Rector of East Knoyle, Wiltshire and her mother was the daughter of Charles Sumner, Bishop of Winchester and sister to Humphrey Milford, head of the London operations of Oxford University Press. The couple had six children: Margaret (Margot) Alethea Sumner Mackarness (1883–1960) Hugh John Coleridge Mackarness (1885–1964) Elfled (Elfie) Mary Buchanan Mackarness (1887–1968) Cuthbert George Milford Mackarness (1890–1962) Guy Charles Neave Mackarness (1893–1958) Roger Seymour Patterson Mackarness (1896–1966) Grace Mackarness kept adaily diary between 1883 and 1916, many of which are now available to read at the Mackarness family website. Retirement and death Mackarness retired in September 1916 and he and his wife moved to 1 Polstead Road, Oxford, where he died on 1 March 1918, aged 67. Publications The Message of the Prayer-Book, 1887 The Poetry of Keble as a Guide to the Clergy, 1891 Memorials of the Episcopate of Bishop Mackarness, 1892 Faith and Duty in Time of War (sermons), 1916 References Bibliography Category:1850 births Category:People from Worcestershire (before 1974) Category:1918 deaths Category:People educated at Winchester College Category:Alumni of
### Assistant:
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Justin Jean-Baptiste Hippolyte Pradelles (29 March 1824 – 6 January 1913) was a French landscape painter. Initially working as a draughtsman and watercolourist, Pradelles later moved into painting, principally producing regional landscapes but also genre and military scenes. Life The son of an army officer, he was born in Strasbourg. He studied under Gabriel-Christophe Guérin and Gustave Brion. He volunteered to fight in the Crimean War, where he made several drawings, including four published in L'Illustration. A corporal in the 6th Line Infantry Regiment, he was evacuated for health reasons, convalesced in his regimental depot in Saintes and resumed workas an artist. He joined with Louis-Augustin Auguin, Jean-Baptiste Corot and Gustave Courbet to form the short-lived Port-Berteau group in 1862. It painted landscapes in the open air around Bussac-sur-Charente until 1863, when it was dissolved. Pradelles and Auguin based themselves in Bordeaux from 1863 onwards, where Pradelles set up a studio and trained other artists. He exhibited at the salon of the Société des Amis des Arts de Bordeaux and Société des Amis des Arts de Strasbourg. He died in Bordeaux. Sources Category:1824 births Category:1913 deaths Category:19th-century French painters Category:French military personnel of the Crimean War Category:People from Strasbourg
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Harishchandrapur is a village in Harishchandrapur I CD Block in Chanchal subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Harishchandrapur is located at . Police station Harishchandrapur police station under West Bengal police has jurisdiction over Harishchandrapur I CD Block. CD Block HQ The headquarters of Harishchandrapur I CD Block is at Harishchandrapur. Demographics As per the 2011 Census of India, Dakshin Harishshandrapur had a total population of 5,635, of which 2,730 (51%) were males and 2,635 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 941. The total number of literates in Dakshin Harishchandrapur was1,891 (42.74% of the population over 6 years). As per the 2011 Census of India, Uttar Harishshandrapur had a total population of 15,443, of which 7,853 (51%) were males and 7,590 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1910. The total number of literates in Uttar Harishchandrapur was 8,830 (65.25% of the population over 6 years). Transport Road Harishchandrapur is on National Highway 31. Railway Harischandrapur railway station is situated on New Farakka–New Jalpaiguri line of the Katihar railway division. Healthcare Harishchandrapur Rural Hospital at Harishchandrapur (with 65 beds) is the main medical facility in Harishchndrapur I CD Block.
### Assistant:
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Good Grief, Charlie Brown: A Tribute to Charles Schulz is a documentary television special that features a tribute to Charles M. Schulz and his creation Peanuts. The television special, the first of the 2000s, was originally aired on the CBS Television Network on February 11, 2000, one day before Schulz died. Cast Scott Adams - Himself Eugene Cernan - Himself Walter Cronkite - Host/Himself Jim Davis - Himself Matt Groening - Himself Charles M. Schulz - Himself Cathy Guisewite - Herself Jean Schulz - Herself Donna Wold - Herself Christopher Johnson - Charlie Brown (voice) Bill Meléndez - Snoopy (voice)
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at Lentini on 25 May 1401. At that time, he repudiated the Treaty of Villeneuve (1372) and ruled Sicily alone. After his death in 1409 in Cagliari, Sardinia, his father, by then king of Aragon, ruled Sicily as Martin II. After Maria's death Martin I the Younger married at Catania on 21 May 1402 by proxy and on 26 December 1402 in person Blanche of Navarre, who was heiress of the Evreux family and the future queen of Navarre, by whom he had an only son Martin in 1403, who died in Valencia in 1407. No offspring of his two
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Relations:[["Martin I of Sicily", "place of death", "Cagliari"]] |
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Ali Aliu (22 June 1924 – 25 April 2010) was a Kosovo Albanian writer, economist, teacher, politician and political prisoner who spent more than 10 years in prison for speaking out against the treatment of the ethnic Albanians in Yugoslavia as well as for fighting for Albanian national unification. He was known as a man of resistance throughout his entire life and also as an economist and writer. Ali Alu died on 25 April 2010. Early life and activism Aliu was an activist in the Second World War from 1941 onwards. As a member of the anti-fascist movement, he workedin Albania and in Kosovo. After the Second World War, he continued his activism in liberation movements in Kosovo against the Yugoslav regime, aiming to separate Albanian territories occupied by Yugoslavia and to unite them with the mother state of Albania. He was arrested three times and spent ten years in Yugoslav prisons. Aliu in postwar Kosovo Ali Aliu is the father of activist and member of the Assembly of Kosovo, Liburn Aliu, who is also a founding member of Vetëvendosje! (Movement for Self-Determination). He was known as "Baca Ali" (Uncle Ali) by Albanians and a role model and ideologicalinspiration to many Albanian anti-fascists and activists for self-determination and Albanian National Unification. At his burial, on 26 April 2010, the Kosovo Police, under orders from international EULEX police, tried to arrest Albin Kurti, activist of Lëvizja Vetëvendosje (Movement for Self-Determination in Kosovo). The people participating in the burial resisted the police and did not allow them to arrest Albin Kurti. Kurti had been at the burial in order to pay his respects and hold a speech on the role of Baca Ali in shaping Albanian resistance. Notes and references References: Category:1924 births Category:2010 deaths Category:People from Preševo Category:Kosovan politicians
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North Korea competed as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. It was the first time that the nation had competed at the Summer Olympic Games. 37 competitors, 23 men and 14 women, took part in 23 events in 10 sports. Medalists Archery Athletics Boxing Gymnastics Judo Rowing Shooting Three male shooters represented North Korea in 1972. Ri Ho-jun won gold in the 50 m rifle, prone event. 300 m rifle, three positions Li Yun-hae Ri Ho-jun 50 m rifle, three positions Ri Ho-jun Li Yun-hae 50 m rifle, prone Ri Ho-jun
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Samuel Ehi Eguavoen (born February 22, 1993) is an American football linebacker for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas Tech. Early years Eguavoen played high school football at Lakeview Centennial High School in Garland, Texas, recording 118 total tackles, four sacks, one interception, two pass deflections, two forced fumbles and two fumble recoveries his senior year. He earned Second-Team District 10-5A honors. He was rated a three-star prospect by Rivals.com and ESPN.com. Eguavoen also played basketball at Lakeview Centennial. College career Eguavoen played for the Texas Tech Red Raiders of Texasand one quarterback hurry his senior season in 2014. He also garnered Honorable Mention All-Big 12 recognition in 2014. Professional career Eguavoen went undrafted in the 2015 NFL Draft and spent the year working in Dallas, Texas. Saskatchewan Roughriders (CFL) He signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL on February 24, 2016. He made his CFL debut on June 30, 2016, recording four defensive tackles against the Toronto Argonauts. Eguavoen played three seasons for the Roughriders, playing in 38 games for the team and contributing with 159 defensive tackles, 14 special teams tackles, four sacks, two forced fumbles andone interception. Eguavoen, who was scheduled to be a free agent February 12, 2019, was released by the Riders on January 2, 2019 to pursue NFL opportunities. Miami Dolphins (NFL) On January 7, 2019, Eguavoen signed with the Miami Dolphins of the NFL. References External links College stats Category:Living people Category:1993 births Category:American football linebackers Category:Canadian football linebackers Category:African-American players of American football Category:African-American players of Canadian football Category:Texas Tech Red Raiders football players Category:Saskatchewan Roughriders players Category:Players of American football from Texas Category:People from Garland, Texas Category:Sportspeople from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex Category:Sportspeople from Edo State Category:American people of
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Wayne Drinkwalter (born April 23, 1966) is a former Canadian football defensive lineman who played nine seasons in the Canadian Football League with the Saskatchewan Roughriders, Calgary Stampeders and BC Lions. He was drafted by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the third round of the 1989 CFL Draft. He played amateur football for the Thunder Bay Giants of the Canadian Junior Football League. Drinkwalter was also a member of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Professional career Hamilton Tiger-Cats Drinkwalter was drafted by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats with the nineteenth pick in the 1989 CFL Draft. Saskatchewan Roughriders He was traded to the SaskatchewanRoughriders in July 1989 for offensive lineman Darrel Harle. The Roughriders won the 77th Grey Cup against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on November 26, 1989. He played for the Roughriders until 1995 and was released before the start of the 1996 CFL season. Calgary Stampeders Drinkwalter played for the Calgary Stampeders in 1996. BC Lions Drinkwalter played his final season for the BC Lions in 1997. Winnipeg Blue Bombers Drinkwalter was traded to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers for a fifth round draft pick but never played for the team. References External links Just Sports Stats Category:Living people Category:1966 births Category:Players of
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The Redwall Cookbook is a cookbook based on food from the Redwall series. It contains recipes mentioned in the books, from Deeper'n'Ever Pie and Summer Strawberry Fizz to Abbey Trifle and Great Hall Gooseberry Fool. Summary This book features numerous recipes for dishes mentioned in the Redwall series, and features illustrations by Christopher Denise. The plot follows Sister Pansy through one cycle of the seasons in Redwall Abbey, as she becomes the Head Cook. The cookbook is divided into the four seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter. As befits the cooking of gentle woodland creatures, all of the recipes (with
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Ramygala (, literally "quiet end") is a city in Lithuania. It is located some south from Panevėžys on the banks of the Upytė River, a tributary to the Nevėžis River. According to 2017 estimate, it had 1,440 residents. History The name "Ramygala" was first mentioned in the 13th century. In 1370 the place suffered from the Teutonic Knight attack. Sometime before 1500 the first church was built and in 1503 the name "Ramygala" was used to refer to a town. Since then Ramygala slowly grew. Few years later it had a manor, and at the end of the 16th centuryit received a privilege to host fairs. Unlike many other towns in Lithuania, Ramygala did not belong to a noble family but rather to Vilnius Cathedral and later to Vilnius University. In 1781 the town established a parish school next to a new church after the old one was destroyed by fire. The school grew and expanded significantly in the 20th century. It built two new school buildings and a dorm. In 2005 it was named Ramygala Gymnasium. The school hosts a small museum dedicated to the local history and traditions. A new Neo Gothic church was built in 1897–1914.It has 3 aisles and 3 altars. It features only one bell tower. The tower was damaged during World War II, but was rebuilt in the 1950s. Administration Since the second half of the 18th century, Ramygala was administrative center of a valsčius. After the administrative reform by the Soviet authorities in 1950, the town became a capital of a raion (Lithuanian: rajonas). In 1962 Ramygala lost the status of the capital of a raion. Now it is a center of an eldership, the smallest administrative division in Lithuania. It has a small hospital and a library. Famous people The
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The 1947 Oil Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Saint Mary's Gaels and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Background In Bobby Dodd's second year as coach of the Yellow Jackets, he guided them to a 4th-place finish in the Southeastern Conference, in their fifth bowl appearance in the decade. The Gaels were going to a bowl game for the second straight year. Game summary The Gaels had eight passes intercepted, with W.P. McHugh returning one 73 yards for a touchdown. George Brodnax caught two touchdowns. Aftermath Phelan left the program the following year to become
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"They Can't Stop the Spring" is a song by Irish band Dervish. On 16 February 2007, on The Late Late Show, it was chosen as the song Dervish would sing at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki. It was written by John Waters and Tommy Moran. The song qualified directly for the Eurovision final (owing to Ireland's tenth placing in the 2006 event), but came last in the final receiving only five points from Albania (backup jury). The song was succeeded as Irish representative at the 2008 Contest by Dustin the Turkey with "Irelande Douze Pointe". References Category:Eurovision Song
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The 2013–14 Mississippi State Bulldogs basketball team will represent Mississippi State University in the 2013–14 college basketball season. The team's head coach is Rick Ray, in his second season at Mississippi State. The team plays their home games at the Humphrey Coliseum in Starkville, Mississippi, as a member of the Southeastern Conference. Before the season Departures The Bulldogs lost three players from the 2012–13 squad. Recruits Season Preseason Head Coach Rick Ray announced the Bulldogs' non-conference schedule on July 3, 2013. The Bulldogs scheduled to open the season at home against Prairie View A&M, with other notable non-conference games including
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Efapel is a Portuguese professional cycling team based in Vila Nova de Gaia. It is one of the European teams in UCI Continental Tour. Team roster Major wins 2000 Stage 4 GP Torres Vedras, Paulo Ferreira 2001 Stage 7 Volta a Portugal, Santiago Pérez 2002 GP Ciudad de Vigo, Nuño Marta 2003 Overall GP CTT Correios, Nuño Marta Stage 1, Nuño Marta 2004 Stage 3 Volta ao Algarve, Martin Garrido 2005 Stage 1 Vuelta a Castilla y Léon, Sergio Ribeiro Stage 5 Volta ao Alentejo, Sergio Ribeiro Stage 10 Volta a Portugal, Claus Michael Møller 2006 Stage 1 Volta aoDistrito de Santarem, Sergio Ribeiro Overall Volta ao Alentejo, Sergio Ribeiro Stage 5, Sergio Ribeiro 2007 Stage 2 Volta a Portugal, Francisco Pacheco 2008 1st Stage 3 & 5 Vuelta a Extremadura, Francisco Pacheco Stage 1 GP CTT Correios, Francisco Pacheco Stage 4 & 5 Volta a Portugal, Francisco Pacheco 2009 Overall Volta de São Paulo, Sergio Ribeiro Stage 2 & 3, Sergio Ribeiro 2010 Stage 5 Vuelta a Castilla y León, Sergio Ribeiro Stage 2 Volta ao Alentejo, Bruno Pires Road Race Championships, Rui Sousa Stage 1 GP Torres Vedras, Bruno Lima Stage 2 & 8 Volta a Portugal,Sérgio Ribeiro Stage 6 Volta a Portugal, Joaquin Ortega Stage 9 Volta a Portugal, David Bernabeu 2011 Overall GP Costa Azul, Filipe Cardoso Stage 3, Filipe Cardoso GP Llodio, Santiago Pérez Stage 4 Volta ao Alentejo, Filipe Cardoso Stage 3 GP Torres Vedras, Sergio Ribeiro Stage 4 GP Torres Vedras, Raúl Alarcón Stages 1 & 2 Volta a Portugal, Sérgio Ribeiro 2012 Stage 4 Volta ao Alentejo, Filipe Cardoso Stage 1 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho, Sérgio Ribeiro Overall Volta a Portugal, David Blanco Stage 3, César Fonte Stage 4, Rui Sousa Stage 5, Sérgio Ribeiro Stage 8, David Blanco 2013 PortugueseNational Road Race, Joni Brandão Stage 2 Volta a Portugal, Rui Sousa 2014 Prologue Troféu Joaquim Agostinho, Víctor De La Parte Prologue Volta a Portugal, Víctor De La Parte 2015 Stage 3 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho, David de la Fuente Stage 4 Volta a Portugal, Filipe Cardoso 2016 Overall Grande Prémio Internacional Beiras e Serra da Estrela Stage 3, Joni Brandão Stages 1 & 9 Volta a Portugal em Bicicleta, Daniel Mestre 2017 Overall GP Internacional Beiras e Serra de Estrela, Jesús del Pino Sprints classification, Sérgio Paulinho Stage 3b Troféu Joaquim Agostinho, Daniel Mestre Stage 7 Volta a Portugal, António
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David Anthony Gagnon (born October 31, 1967 in Windsor, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Dave only played 2 games in NHL, with the Detroit Red Wings, posting an official record of 0–1–0 and goals against average of 10.27. Gagnon came up from the Windsor, Junior B team before joining Colgate University in 1987. Dave was guarding the net when the university was in the 1990 NCAA championship game. In 1990 and 1991 he was traded three times, but enjoyed success with Hampton Roads of ECHL, when he was named as co-MVP. Gagnon spent most of his later
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Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (; ; 9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian activist, writer, revolutionary, scientist, economist, sociologist, historian, essayist, researcher, political scientist, biologist, geographer and philosopher who advocated anarcho-communism. Born into an aristocratic land-owning family, he attended a military school and later served as an officer in Siberia, where he participated in several geological expeditions. He was imprisoned for his activism in 1874 and managed to escape two years later. He spent the next 41 years in exile in Switzerland, France (where he was imprisoned for almost four years) and in England. While in exile, Kropotkingave lectures and published widely on anarchism and geography. He returned to Russia after the Russian Revolution in 1917 but was disappointed by the Bolshevik state. Kropotkin was a proponent of a decentralised communist society free from central government and based on voluntary associations of self-governing communities and worker-run enterprises. He wrote many books, pamphlets, and articles, the most prominent being The Conquest of Bread and Fields, Factories and Workshops; and his principal scientific offering, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution. He also contributed the article on anarchism to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition and left unfinished a work onanarchist ethical philosophy. Biography Early life Pyotr Kropotkin was born in Moscow, into an ancient Russian princely family. His father, major general Prince Alexei Petrovich Kropotkin, was a descendant of the Smolensk branch, of the Rurik dynasty which had ruled Russia before the rise of the Romanovs. Kropotkin's father owned large tracts of land and nearly 1,200 male serfs in three provinces. His mother was the daughter of a Cossack general. "Under the influence of republican teachings", Kropotkin dropped his princely title at age 12, and "even rebuked his friends, when they so referred to him." In 1857, at age14, Kropotkin enrolled in the Corps of Pages at St. Petersburg. Only 150 boys – mostly children of nobility belonging to the court – were educated in this privileged corps, which combined the character of a military school endowed with exclusive rights and of a court institution attached to the Imperial Household. Kropotkin's memoirs detail the hazing and other abuse of pages for which the Corps had become notorious. In Moscow, Kropotkin developed what would become a lifelong interest in the condition of the peasantry. Although his work as a page for Tsar Alexander II made Kropotkin skeptical about thetsar's "liberal" reputation, Kropotkin was greatly pleased by the tsar's decision to emancipate the serfs in 1861. In St. Petersburg, he read widely on his own account and gave special attention to the works of the French encyclopædists and French history. The years 1857–1861 witnessed a growth in the intellectual forces of Russia, and Kropotkin came under the influence of the new liberal-revolutionary literature, which largely expressed his own aspirations. In 1862, Kropotkin graduated first in his class from the Corps of Pages and entered the Tsarist army. The members of the corps had the prescriptive right to choose theregiment to which they would be attached. Following a desire to "be someone useful", Kropotkin chose the difficult route of serving in a Cossack regiment in eastern Siberia. For some time, he was aide de camp to the governor of Transbaikalia at Chita. Later he was appointed attaché for Cossack affairs to the governor-general of East Siberia at Irkutsk. Geographical expeditions in Siberia The administrator under whom Kropotkin served, General Boleslar Kazimirovich Kukel, was a liberal and a democrat who maintained personal connections to various Russian radical political figures exiled to Siberia. These included the writer Mikhail Larionovitch Mikhailov, andKukel sent Kropotkin to warn Mikhailov that Moscow police was on the scene to examine his political activities in confinement. Mikhailov later who gave the young Tsarist functionary a copy of a book by the French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon — Kropotkin's first introduction to anarchist ideas. Kukel was later dismissed from his administrative position, and Kropotkin was moved from administration to state-sponsored scientific endeavors. In 1864, Kropotkin accepted a position in a geographical survey expedition, crossing North Manchuria from Transbaikalia to the Amur, and soon was attached to another expedition up the Sungari River into the heart of Manchuria. Thesame time secretary to the geography section of the Russian Geographical Society. His departure from a family tradition of military service prompted his father to disinherit him, "leaving him a 'prince' with no visible means of support". In 1871, Kropotkin explored the glacial deposits of Finland and Sweden for the Society. In 1873, he published an important contribution to science, a map and paper in which he showed that the existing maps entirely misrepresented the physical features of Asia; the main structural lines were in fact from southwest to northeast, not from north to south or from east to westas had been previously supposed. During this work, he was offered the secretaryship of the Society, but he had decided that it was his duty not to work at fresh discoveries but to aid in diffusing existing knowledge among the people at large. Accordingly, he refused the offer and returned to St. Petersburg, where he joined the revolutionary party. Activism in Switzerland and France Kropotkin visited Switzerland in 1872 and became a member of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA) at Geneva. However, he found that he did not like IWA's style of socialism. Instead, he studied the programme of themore radical Jura federation at Neuchâtel and spent time in the company of the leading members, and adopted the creed of anarchism. Activism in Russia and arrest On returning to Russia, Kropotkin's friend Dmitri Klements introduced him to the Circle of Tchaikovsky, a socialist/populist group created in 1872. Kropotkin worked to spread revolutionary propaganda among peasants and workers, and acted as a bridge between the Circle and the aristocracy. Throughout this period, Kropotkin maintained his position within the Geographical Society to provide cover for his activities. In 1872, Kropotkin was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress forof Anarchism, London: Fontana, 1993, p.315</ref> While living in London, Kropotkin became friends with a number of prominent English-speaking socialists, including William Morris and George Bernard Shaw. In 1916 Kropotkin and Jean Grave drafted a document called Manifesto of the Sixteen, which advocated an Allied victory over Germany and the Central Powers during the First World War. Because of the Manifesto, Kropotkin found himself isolated by the mainstream of the anarchist movement. Return to Russia In 1917, after the February Revolution, Kropotkin returned to Russia after 40 years of exile. His arrival was greeted by cheering crowds of tens ofthousands of people. He was offered the ministry of education in the Provisional Government, which he promptly refused, feeling that working with them would be a violation of his anarchist principles. His enthusiasm for the changes occurring in the Russian Empire expanded when Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution. He had this to say about the October Revolution: "During all the activities of the present revolutionary political parties we must never forget that the October movement of the proletariat, which ended in a revolution, has proved to everybody that a social revolution is within the bounds of possibility. And.... "I see the October Revolution as an attempt to bring the preceding February Revolution to its logical conclusion with a transition to communism and federalism." Even though he led a life on the margins of the revolutionary upheaval, Kropotkin became increasingly critical of the methods of the Bolshevik dictatorship and went on to express these feelings in writing. "Unhappily, this effort has been made in Russia under a strongly centralized party dictatorship. This effort was made in the same way as the extremely centralized and Jacobin endeavor of Babeuf. I owe it to you to say frankly that, accordingto my view, this effort to build a communist republic on the basis of a strongly centralized state communism under the iron law of party dictatorship is bound to end in failure. We are learning to know in Russia how not to introduce communism, even with a people tired of the old regime and opposing no active resistance to the experiments of the new rulers." Death Kropotkin died of pneumonia on 8 February 1921, in the city of Dmitrov, and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Thousands of people marched in his funeral procession, including, with Vladimir Lenin'sapproval, anarchists carrying banners with anti-Bolshevik slogans. The occasion, the last public demonstration of anarchists in Soviet Russia, saw engaged speeches by Emma Goldman and Aron Baron. In some versions of Peter Kropotkin's Conquest of Bread, the mini-biography states that this would be the last time that Kropotkin's supporters would be allowed to freely rally in public. In 1957 the Dvorets Sovetov station of the Moscow Metro was renamed Kropotkinskaya in his honor. Philosophy Critique of capitalism Kropotkin pointed out what he considered the fallacies of the economic systems of feudalism and capitalism. He believed they create poverty and artificialscarcity, and promote privilege. Instead, he proposed a more decentralized economic system based on mutual aid, mutual support, and voluntary cooperation. He argued that the tendencies for this kind of organization already exist, both in evolution and in human society. He disagreed with the Marxist critique of capitalism, including the labour theory of value, believing there was no necessary link between work performed and the prices of commodities. Instead, his attack on the institution of wage labour was based more on the power employers exerted over employees than the extraction of surplus value from their labour. Kropotkin claimed this powerwas made possible by the state's protection of private ownership of productive resources. Cooperation and competition In 1902, Kropotkin published his book Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, which gave an alternative view of animal and human survival. At the time, some "social Darwinists" such as Francis Galton proffered a theory of interpersonal competition and natural hierarchy. Instead, Kropotkin argued that "it was an evolutionary emphasis on cooperation instead of competition in the Darwinian sense that made for the success of species, including the human". In the last chapter, he wrote: Kropotkin did not deny the presence of competitive urgesin humans, but did not consider them the driving force of history. He believed that seeking out conflict proved to be socially beneficial only in attempts to destroy unjust, authoritarian institutions such as the State or the Church, which he saw as stifling human creativity and impeding human instinctual drive towards cooperation. Kropotkin's observations of cooperative tendencies in indigenous peoples (pre-feudal, feudal, and those remaining in modern societies) led him to conclude that not all human societies were based on competition as were those of industrialized Europe, and that many societies exhibited cooperation among individuals and groups as the norm.He also concluded that most pre-industrial and pre-authoritarian societies (where he claimed that leadership, central government, and class did not exist) actively defend against the accumulation of private property by, for example, equally distributing within the community a person's possessions when they died, or by not allowing a gift to be sold, bartered or used to create wealth (see Gift economy). Mutual aid In his 1892 book The Conquest of Bread, Kropotkin proposed a system of economics based on mutual exchanges made in a system of voluntary cooperation. He believed that in a society that is socially, culturally, and industriallyto the products of social labour, and thought that anyone who was placed in a position of trying to make such determinations would wield authority over those whose wages they determined. According to Kirkpatrick Sale: Self-sufficiency Kropotkin's focus on local production led to his view that a country should strive for self-sufficiencymanufacture its own goods and grow its own food, lessening dependence on imports. To these ends, he advocated irrigation and greenhouses to boost local food production. Works Books In Russian and French Prisons, London: Ward and Downey; 1887. The Conquest of Bread (Paris, 1892) Project Gutenberg e-text, Project LibriVoxaudiobook The Great French Revolution, 1789–1793 (French original: Paris, 1893; English translation: London, 1909). e-text (in French), Anarchist Library e-text (in English) The Terror in Russia, 1909, RevoltLib e-text Words of a Rebel, 1885, Fields, Factories and Workshops (London and New York, 1898). Memoirs of a Revolutionist, London : Smith, Elder; 1899. Anarchist Library e-text, Anarchy Archives e-text Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution (London, 1902) Project Gutenberg e-text, Project LibriVox audiobook Russian Literature: Ideals and Realities (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1905). Anarchy Archives e-text The State: Its Historic Role, published 1946, Ethics: Origin and Development (unfinished). Included asfirst part of Origen y evolución de la moral (Spanish e-text) Modern Science and Anarchism, 1930, * Pamphlets An Appeal to the Young (1880) Communism and Anarchy (1901) Anarchist Communism: Its Basis and Principles (1887) The Industrial Village of the Future (1884) Law and Authority (1886) The Coming Anarchy (1887) The Place of Anarchy in Socialist Evolution (1886) The Wage System (1920) The Commune of Paris (1880) Anarchist Morality (1898) Expropriation The Great French Revolution and Its Lesson (1909) Process Under Socialism (1887) Are Prisons Necessary? Chapter X from "In Russian and French Prisons" (1887) The Coming War (1913) Warsand Capitalism (1914) Revolutionary Government (1892) The Scientific Basis of Anarchy (1887) The Fortress Prison of St. Petersburg (1883) Advice to Those About to Emigrate (1893) Some of the Resources of Canada (1898) Anarchism: Its Philosophy and Ideal (1896) Revolutionary Studies (1892) Direct Action of Environment and Evolution (1920) The Present Crisis in Russia (1901) The Spirit of Revolt (1880) The State: Its Historic Role (1897) On Economics Selected Passages from his Writings (1898–1913) On the Teaching of Physiography (1893) War! (1914) Articles "The Constitutional Agitation in Russia," 1905. "Brain Work and Manual Work," 1890. "Manifesto of the Sixteen," 1916."Organized Vengeance Called 'Justice.'" "A Proposed Communist Settlement: A New Colony for Tyneside or Wearside." "What Geography Ought to Be," 1885. "Organized Vengeance Called 'Justice'" "On Order" "Maxím Górky," 1904 "Research on the Ice age", Notices of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, 1876. "Baron Toll", The Geographical Journal, Vol. 23, No. 6. (Jun. 1904), pp. 770–772, JSTOR "The population of Russia", The Geographical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2. (Aug. 1897), pp. 196–202, JSTOR "The old beds of the Amu-Daria", The Geographical Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3. (Sep. 1898), pp. 306–310, JSTOR "Russian Schools and the Holy Synod," 1902 Mr. Mackinder;Mr. Ravenstein; Dr. Herbertson; Prince Kropotkin; Mr. Andrews; Cobden Sanderson; Elisée Reclus, "On Spherical Maps and Reliefs: Discussion", The Geographical Journal, Vol. 22, No. 3. (Sep. 1903), pp. 294–299, JSTOR "The desiccation of Eur-Asia", Geographical Journal, 23 (1904), 722–41. "Finland" in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), 1911 (in part; with Joseph R. Fisher and John Scott Keltie) "Finland: A Rising Nationality," Nineteenth Century, 1885 “Anarchism” in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), 1911 "Anti-militarism. Was it properly understood?", Freedom, vol.XXVIII, no. 307 (November 1914), pp. 82–83. "An open letter of Peter Kropotkin to the Western workingmen", The Railway Review (29 June 1917), p.4. See also Anarcho-communism Anarchist schools of thought Katorga List of Russian anarchists Kropotkin family Notes References Further reading Books on Kropotkin Miller, Martin A. (1976). Kropotkin. University of Chicago Press. The World That Never Was: A True Story of Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Police by Alex Butterworth (Pantheon Books, 2010) Davis, Mike (2018) Chapter 3: The Coming Desert: Kropotkin, Mars and the Pulse of Asia in Old Gods, New Enigmas: Marx's Lost Theory. Verso Books. Journal articles Basic Kropotkin: Kropotkin and the History of Anarchism by Brian Morris, Anarchist Communist Editions pamphlet no.17 (The Anarchist Federation, October 2008).Efremenko D., Evseeva Y. Studies of Social Solidarity in Russia: Tradition and Modern Trends. // American Sociologist, v. 43, 2012, no. 4, pp. 349–365. – NY: Springer Science+Business Media. Prince P. A. Kropotkin: [Obituary] // Nature. 1921. Vol. 106. P. 735-736. External links Peter Kropotkin Full Collected Works page at RevoltLib.com Kropotkin Page at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia The Peter Kropotkin text archive on libcom.org library with complete collected works Summary of records in The National Archives and elsewhere, with a link to the National Register of Archives pages. Kropotkin's works at TheAnarchistLibrary.org Kropotkin's grave at Novodevichy Cemetery SiteElisée Reclus Kropotkin: The Coming Revolution short documentary in Kropotkin's own words. Map of the Southern Half of Eastern Siberia and Parts of Mongolia, Manchuria, and Sakhalin: For a General Sketch of the Orography of Eastern Siberia'' by Kropotkin, from the World Digital Library Album of the funeral of P.A. Kropotkin in Moscow (1922) The virtual Museum of P.A. Kropotkin Category:1842 births Category:1921 deaths Category:19th-century atheists Category:20th-century atheists Category:Anarchist theorists Category:Anarchist writers Category:Anarcho-communists Category:Anti-consumerists Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery Category:Historians of the French Revolution Category:Historians of the Renaissance Category:Human geographers Category:Imperial Russian emigrants to France Category:Imperial Russian emigrants to Switzerland Category:Imperial
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Gomphostemma is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described in 1830. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, and the Indian subcontinent. Species Gomphostemma aborensis Dunn - Arunachal Pradesh Gomphostemma arbusculum C.Y.Wu - Yunnan Gomphostemma callicarpoides (Yamam.) Masam. - Taiwan Gomphostemma chinense Oliv. - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Vietnam Gomphostemma crinitum Wall. ex Benth. - Indochina, Yunnan, Assam, Bangladesh Gomphostemma curtisii Prain - Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo Gomphostemma deltodon C.Y.Wu - Yunnan Gomphostemma dolichobotrys Merr. - Sumatra Gomphostemma eriocarpum Benth. - southern India Gomphostemma grandiflorum Doan ex Suddee & A.J.Paton - Vietnam Gomphostemma hainanense C.Y.Wu
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BEM - Bordeaux Management School (Now KEDGE BUSINESS SCHOOL) is the legal name of a French Grande École founded in 1874, managed and financed by the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce. The Master of Science in Management programme is also known as "École Supérieure de Commerce de Bordeaux" or "ESC Bordeaux". BEM is a member of the Chapitre de la Conference des Grandes Écoles, which is the association of France's leading schools. BEM is based in Talence near Bordeaux. BEM is a member of the "campus d'excellence (IDEX)", "Université de Bordeaux", an élite research federation. In 2008, BEM opened new campusesin Dakar and Paris. BEM Talents is the name of their alumni society. BEM and Euromed have now merged as KEDGE, which is the third French business school in terms of budget and second for research. History 1873 : Foundation of École supérieure de commerce de Bordeaux 2000 : Equis accreditation 2001 : Wine MBA 2004 : The school was chosen by ONU and EFMD for the "Globally Responsible Leadership Initiative" launch 2007 : AMBA accreditation (Wine MBA) 2007 : Bordeaux École de Management becomes BEM - Bordeaux Management School 2008 : BEM Dakar Campus in Sénégal 2008 : BEMParis Campus 2009 : AACSB Accreditation 2013 : Merger with EUROMED Management School, Marseille to form KEDGE Business School Accreditations Member of the Chapitre de la conférence des Grandes Ecoles EQUIS (European Quality Improvement System) accredited Member of the Global Compact AMBA (Association of MBAs) accredited AACSB accredited As an EQUIS + AMBA + AACSB school, BEM is a "Triple Crown"; only 12 schools have this triple accreditation in France, and 57 in the world (as on 1/1/2012). Partnerships & Doubles-degrees * Business Partnerships JP Morgan, Société Générale, Auchan, Pricewaterhousecoopers, Procter & Gamble, Ernst & Young, L'Oréal, BNP Parisbas... AcademicPartnerships BEM is a member of the PRES Université de Bordeaux which gathers Sciences Po Bordeaux, the National Magistrates School (ENM), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux and most Bordeaux universities. The Université de Bordeaux has been selected by the French government to become an IDEX campus, a "campus lauréat des initiatives d'excellence", which are going to be top-funded campuses in France. The aim of these "IDEX" is to compete with the best American universities. BEM Grande Ecole students can complete a double-degree from either an international partner university or from Bordeaux's Bar School. They also have the possibility to be awardedthe "DSCG", the main French accountancy diploma. La plupart sont accréditées (EQUIS, AACSB et AMBA). * International Relations BEM Grande Ecole Students have to complete a 6-month international experience through an internship or study abroad. They can study for a semester/year or a double-degree (MA, MSc or MBA) at a partner university, for instance at HEC Montréal, EBS Business School, Mannheim Business School, Stockholm School of Economics, Nottingham Business School, Laval, Hong Kong University and the highly prestigious Swiss university of Saint-Gallen. Most of them are accredited (EQUIS, AACSB et AMBA) and are highly ranked institutions. Research Former French PrimeMinister Alain Juppé, who is the current Mayor of Bordeaux, has signed Bordeaux's Call for Responsible Management. Student life More than 30 clubs (sports, culture,...). "AOC" is France's biggest student-run oenologic club. It organises visits to the greatest vineyards (Château Rothschild, Château d'Yquem,... ), wine-tasting sessions and the "Wine Rally". Evolution of KEDGE BUSINESS SCHOOL In the year 2013, BEM joined hands with EUROMED Management School to form KEDGE Business School as a Merger of Equals. The thus formed merger will have its central administration at BEM campus in Bordeaux. Notable alumni Bordeaux Management School has an active network of
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Apache Ain't Shit is the only album released by rapper Apache. It was released in 1993 on Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records and featured production by The 45 King, Q-Tip, Large Professor, and Diamond D. The album peaked at number 69 on the Billboard 200 and number 15 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. One charting single was released from the album, the Q-Tip-produced hit "Gangsta Bitch", which made it to No. 67 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 49 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and No. 11 on the Hot Rap Singles. Another single titled "Do fa Self" was
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Michael F. Thomashow is an American plant biologist currently the University Distinguished Professor, MSU Foundation Professor and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science since 2010. His current interests are Arabidopsis genes and biology. His highest cited paper is Plant cold acclimation: freezing tolerance genes and regulatory mechanisms at 2757 times, according to GoogleScholar. Education He earned his A.B. at University of California, Los Angeles in 1972 and his Ph.D in 1978. Publications Lee CM, Thomashow MF (2012) Photoperiodic regulation of the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) cold acclimation pathway and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Levantine Arabic (, , autonym: ) is a broad variety of Arabic and the main vernacular spoken Arabic of the eastern coastal strip of the Levantine Sea that includes parts of Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Palestine. With numerous dialects and over 30 million native speakers worldwide, it is considered one of the five major varieties of Arabic. In the frame of the general diglossia status of the Arab world, Levantine Arabic is used for daily spoken use, while most of the written and official documents and media use Modern Standard Arabic. Classification Levantine Arabic is most closely related to North MesopotamianArabic, Anatolian Arabic, and Cypriot Arabic. North Levantine Arabic Dialects of North Levantine Arabic include: Syria: The dialect of Damascus and the dialect of Aleppo are well-known. Lebanon: North Lebanese, South Lebanese (Metuali, Shii), North-Central Lebanese (Mount Lebanon Arabic), South-Central Lebanese (Druze Arabic), Standard Lebanese, Beqaa, Sunni Beiruti, Saida Sunni, Iqlim-Al-Kharrub Sunni, Jdaideh Çukurova, Turkey: Cilician/Çukurovan South Levantine Arabic Dialects of South Levantine Arabic include: Jordan: Fellahi, Madani Palestine: Fellahi, Madani Israel: Fellahi, Madani United Arab Emirates (not indigenous) Geographical distribution Levantine Arabic is spoken in the fertile strip on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. To the east, inthe desert, Northwest Arabian Arabic varieties are spoken by Bedouins. The transition to Egyptian Arabic in the south via the Negev and Sinai Peninsula, where Northwest Arabian Arabic is spoken and then the dialect of Sharqia Governorate, was described by de Jong in 1999. In this direction, the Egyptian city of Arish is the last one to display proper Levantine features. In a similar manner, the region of el-Karak announces Hijazi Arabic. In the North, the limit between Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic starts from the Turkish border near el-Rāʿi, and Sabkhat al-Jabbul is the north-eastern limit of Levantine Arabic, which includesfurther south al-Qaryatayn Damascus, and the Hauran. North Levantine stems from the north in Turkey, specifically in the coastal regions of the Adana, Hatay, and Mersin provinces, to Lebanon, passing through the Mediterranean coastal regions of Syria (the Al Ladhiqiyah and Tartus governorates) as well as the areas surrounding Aleppo and Damascus. South Levantine is spoken in Palestine, as well as in the western area of Jordan (in the ‘Ajlun, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, Irbid, Jarash, and Madaba governorates). The language is also spoken in the HaZafon district of Israel and central district of Israel, south ofLebanon, and there are about half a million speakers in the United Arab Emirates. History Although small communities of Arabic speakers were present prior to the Muslim conquest of the Levant, it is widely accepted that during the Roman and Byzantine periods, varieties of Greek-influenced Aramaic were the dominant spoken language of Palestine. The language shift from Aramaic to Arabic, both Semitic languages, that began in the 7th century after the conquests, was not a sudden switch from one language to another, but a long process over several generations, likely with an extended period of bilingualism. Some communities, such asthe Samaritans, retained Aramaic well into the Muslim period, and a few small Aramaic-speaking villages had remained until the recent Syrian Civil War. Northern Old Arabic Ancient Arabia was home to a continuum of Central Semitic languages in antiquity which stretched from the southern Levant to Yemen. The isoglosses associated with Arabic are clustered at the northern end of this continuum, in the northern Hijaz and the southern Levant. This may be in part due to a lack of documentation, but it is clear that Central Arabia was home to languages quite distinct from Arabic. Thus, Arabic can be saidto have emerged in the second millennium BC and spread into the peninsula, replacing its sister languages on the Central Semitic continuum. The primary division between Arabic dialects in ancient times was between Northern Old Arabic, spoken in the southern Levant, and Old Hijazi, spoken in the northern, and later central Hijaz. The main representatives of Northern Old Arabic were Safaitic, Hismaic, and Nabataean Arabic. Tens of thousands of graffiti in the Safaitic and Hismaic scripts cover the deserts of southern Syria and present-day Jordan. The Safaitic inscriptions sometimes exhibit the article ʾ(l), a shared areal isogloss with the Arabicsubstrate of the Nabataean inscriptions. Many Safaitic inscriptions exhibit all of the features typical of Arabic. The Hismaic script was used to compose two long texts in an archaic stage of Arabic before the language acquired the definite article. Spread of Old Hijazi Before the mid-sixth century, the coda of the definite article almost never exhibits assimilation to the following coronals and its onset is consistently given with an /a/ vowel. By the mid-sixth century CE in the dialect of Petra, the onset of the article and its vowel seem to have become weakened. There, the article is sometimes writtenas /el-/ or simply /l-/. A similar, but not identical, situation is found in the texts from the Islamic period. Unlike the pre-Islamic attestations, the coda of the article in the conquest Arabic assimilates to a following coronal consonant. The Arabic transcribed in the 1st century AH papyri clearly represents a different strand of the Arabic language, likely related to Old Hijazi and the QCT. The Damascus Psalm Fragment, dated to the mid- to late 9th century but possibly earlier, provides a glimpse of the vernacular of at least one segment of Damascene society during that period. Its linguistic featuresalso shed light on a pre-grammarian standard of Arabic and the dialect from which it sprung, likely Old Hijazi. Early Modern Levantine Arabic The Compendio of Lucas Caballero (1709) contains a description of spoken Damascene Arabic in the early 1700s. In some respects, the data given in this manuscript correspond to modern Damascene Arabic. For example, the allomorphic variation between -a/-e in the feminine suffix is essentially identical. In other respects, especially when it comes to insertion and deletion of vowels, it differs from the modern dialect. The presence of short vowels in /zibībih/ and /sifīnih/ point to an earliermountain villages of Maʿlūla, Baḫʿa, and Ǧubb ʿAdīn in the Antilebanon once have evolved from the same linguistic matrix as the older, now extinct Western Aramaic varieties that appear in the inscriptions and manuscript traditions of late Roman Palestine. The existence of Aramaic substrate elements in Palestinian Arabic, the supplanting language of Palestinian Aramaic dialects, is widely accepted and is especially evident in the lexical component. Phonology Comparative Studies The US Defense Language Institute published two comparative texts for Levantine Arabic, one with Egyptian Arabic and another with Moroccan Arabic, to help learners of LA learn and distinguish between them.
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Vampire: The Dark Ages is a tabletop role-playing game published by White Wolf Publishing in March 1996. It is a spin-off from Vampire: The Masquerade, also published by White Wolf, which is set in modern times. An updated version, Dark Ages: Vampire, was released in 2002, and a further update, Vampire Twentieth Anniversary Edition: The Dark Ages, in 2015. Setting Vampire: The Dark Ages is set in medieval Europe in 1197, in the World of Darkness; the updated version Dark Ages: Vampire moves the timeline forward to 1230, and Vampire: The Dark Ages Twentieth Anniversary Edition further to 1242. Playersaddition to vampires, all other beings from the World of Darkness games appear in the Dark Ages setting, including werewolves, changelings, wraiths and mages. Gameplay Vampire: The Dark Ages shares its basic Storyteller System gameplay system with the other World of Darkness games, and is compatible with Vampire: The Masquerade. History Vampire: The Dark Ages was published by White Wolf Publishing in March 1996 as the first in a line of World of Darkness games with historical settings, each based on previous games in the series; the series also included 1997's Werewolf: The Wild West and 1998's Mage: The Sorcerer's
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Jebel Dair (also Jabal ad-Dayr or Dair Mountain) () is an igneous mountain in central Sudan. It rises over 1000m above the surrounding terrain and 1451m above sea level. The flanks of the mountain apparently have been denuded of vegetation, although water exists in some of the meandering stream channels within the darker, vegetated wadis. It can be seen as the dark, fractured structure near the center of the photograph to the right. The mountain flanks are the broad reddish-tan ring around it. A small muddy reservoir can be seen near the northwest corner of the photograph, and sand dunes
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The 1926 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State Teachers College during the 1926 NCAA football season. San Diego State competed as a member of the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC) in 1926. They had played as an Independent the previous year. The 1926 San Diego State team was led by head coach Charles E. Peterson in his sixth season as football coach of the Aztecs. They played home games at Navy "Sports" Field. The Aztecs finished the season with three wins, four losses and one tie (3–4–1, 1–3–1 SCIAC). Overall, the team was outscored by
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Schinopsis is a genus of South American trees in the family Anacardiaceae, also known by the common names quebracho, quebracho colorado and red quebracho. Description The species within this genus inhabit different regions of the Gran Chaco ecoregion including parts of northern Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. The name is in recognition of the hardness of the wood from the Spanish quiebra-hacha ("axe-breaker"). It also distinguishes the species from the "white quebracho" trees of the unrelated genus Aspidosperma. Schinopsis is the exclusive food plant of the moth Coleophora haywardi. Species Schinopsis balansae (common name: quebracho colorado chaqueño) Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. Schinopsis
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Neve David is an Early Epipaleolithic site located at the foot of the western slope of the Mount Carmel hills in northern Israel. It was inhabited in the later part of the Early Epipaleolithic, about 15,000–13,000 BC. Today, the Neve David site is just about 1 km from the Mediterranean coastline, but in the final Pleistocene, it was 10 – 13 km from the shore, overlooking a broad coastal plain. It was thus situated at an ecotone, the boundary between two contrasting ecological zones, with the seasonally dry valleys of the Mount Carmel limestone massif to its east, and thebrought there from some distance. The faunal remains found at Neve David comprised 15 mammal species, two reptile species and seven genera of molluscs. Bone fractures, cut marks and burned bones reflect human activity. The major prey species were gazelle and fallow deer (60% and 30%, respectively), comparable to many other Epipaleolithic sites from Israel. Cultural traits Two burials have been found at the Neve David site. One of these contained the remains of a 23- to 30-year-old male, who was interred in a grave pit lined with stone slabs. Over his head, a stone mortar was placed upside-down, anda part of a broken basalt bowl was found behind his neck. Between his thighs, pieces of a flat basalt grinding slab were laid. The careful construction of the grave and the grave offerings presage later Natufian burials. The inhabitants of Neve David were still hunter-gatherers, no signs of agriculture or animal domestication have been found there. References Chris Scarre (ed.): The Human Past, Thames & Hudson 2005, p. 205 Guy Bar-Oz, Tamar Dayan and Daniel Kaufman: The Epipalaeolithic Faunal Sequence in Israel: A View from Neve David. Journal of Archaeological Science (1999) 26, p. 67–82 External links The Epipalaeolithic
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Sándor Szűcs (23 November 1921 - 4 June 1951) was a Hungarian football player. He started to play for Szolnoki MÁV, but he spent his best years playing for Újpest FC as a defender and helped the club win the Hungarian League in three consecutive years from 1945 to 1947. Between 1941 and 1948 Szűcs played 19 times for Hungary, being one of the best defenders of Europe during the 1940s. He played together with such great players as Ferenc Szusza and Gyula Zsengellér for Újpest and Ferenc Puskás, József Bozsik, Ferenc Deák, György Sárosi or Nándor Hidegkuti for Hungary.Death After the communist take-over of Hungary, an era of conceptual, pre-arranged trials was started by the regime, with many victims. Also, the communist party tried to get involved in every part of everyday life, and renaming the club Újpest to Budapesti Dózsa and putting them under police control was just one step of the process. In 1951, as a result of a pre-conceived plan, Szűcs, who was still an active player of Újpest, was tricked and blackmailed into defecting by the ÁVÓ. However, as the organizer of the events, the state police captured him not far from the border.After months spent in prison, he was sentenced to death for High treason during a secret, pre-arranged trial and later executed. The law referred in the sentence had never been used and was never used again. The real reason behind the events was to warn off Puskás, Bozsik and other members of the Hungarian Golden Team from defection. The exercise was "successful", since no other Hungarian football players tried to leave the country until 1956. Aftermath All the newspapers and books issued in Hungary withheld every piece of information, and officially nobody knew about the execution until the political changesin the country in 1989. Additionally, the place of his grave was strictly confidential. After the communist regime's fall, Szűcs's story was widely published. In 1989 the death sentence was revoked and named a violation of the law. In 1991, he was posthumously awarded a police lieutenant-colonel title (Újpest was the police club from 1950 and thus he had to become a policeman). Since 1993, an elementary school was named after him in Újpest, while a football tournament for youth players of the district is held every year. The stand of Újpest FC's Ferenc Szusza Stadium where home team supporterssit has been named after him. A documentary movie was filmed on his story in 2005. Today, the once forgotten Sándor Szűcs is regarded as a martyr, who was a victim of the Stalinist regime's rampage, and the only Hungarian football player to be executed. External links Interview with Erzsi Kovács Miért? - Egy tragikus szerelem története Szűcs Sándor Elementary School on him article in Újpesti Napló Category:Hungarian footballers Category:1921 births Category:1951 deaths Category:Hungary international footballers Category:Újpest FC players Category:People executed for treason against Hungary Category:Executed Hungarian people Category:20th-century executions for treason Category:People from Szolnok Category:20th-century executions by Hungary Category:Murdered
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Melvin Glover (born May 15, 1961), better known by his stage name Melle Mel () and Grandmaster Melle Mel, is an American hip hop recording artist who was the lead vocalist and songwriter of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. Early life Melvin Glover was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York. Career Glover began performing in the late 1970s. He may have been the first rapper to call himself MC (master of ceremonies). Other Furious Five members included his brother The Kidd Creole (Nathaniel Glover), Scorpio (Eddie Morris), Rahiem (Guy Todd Williams) and Cowboy (Keith Wiggins). Whileless than a month and would later be the first hip-hop record ever to be added to the United States National Archive of Historic Recordings and the first Hip Hop record inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Mel would also go on to write songs about struggling life in New York City ("New York, New York"), and making it through life in general ("Survival (The Message 2)"). Grandmaster Flash split from the group after contract disputes between Melle Mel and their promoter Sylvia Robinson in regard to royalties for "The Message". When Flash filed a lawsuit against Sugar HillKind of Sorry". Discography Albums 1982 The Message (with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1984 Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five (a.k.a. Work Party) 1985 Stepping Off (as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five) 1988 On the Strength (with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1989 Piano (as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five) 1997 Right Now (as Grandmaster Mele-Mel & Scorpio) 2001 On Lock (Grandmaster Melle Mel & Rondo as Die Hard) 2006 The Portal In The Park (as Grandmaster Mele Mel with appearances by Lady Gaga) 2007 Muscles (as Grandmaster Mele Mel) 2009 HipHop Anniversary Europe Tour (as Grandmaster Melle Mel) Singles 1979 "We Rap More Mellow" (as The Younger Generation) 1979 "Flash to the Beat (as Flash and the Furious 5) 1979 "Superrappin'" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1980 "Freedom" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1980 "The Birthday Party" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1981 "Showdown" (as The Furious Five Meets The Sugarhill Gang) 1981 "It's Nasty (Genius of Love)" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1981 "Scorpio" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1981 "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels ofSteel" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1982 "The Message" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1982 "Message II (Survival)" (as Melle Mel & Duke Bootee) 1983 "New York New York" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1983 "White Lines (Don't Don't Do It)" (as Grandmaster & Melle Mel / Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five / Grandmaster Flash and Melle Mel) 1984 "Continuous White Lines" (Remix – as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five) 1984 "Jesse" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel) 1984 "Beat Street Breakdown" a.k.a. "Beat Street" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five)1984 "Step Off" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five) 1984 "We Don't Work for Free" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five) 1984 "World War III" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five / Grandmaster Melle Mel) 1985 "King Of the Streets" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel) 1985 "Pump Me Up" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel and the Furious Five) 1985 "Vice" (as Grandmaster Melle Mel) 1985 "The Mega-Melle Mix" (as Melle Mel) 1988 "Gold" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1988 "Magic Carpet Ride" (as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1994 "Sun Don't Shine inthe Hood" (Split 12" single with "Da Original" as The Furious Five) 1995 "The Message 95" (Remix – as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five 1997 "The Message" (Remix – as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five) 1997 "Mama" (as Grandmaster Mele-Mel & Scorpio) 1997 "Mr. Big Stuff" (as Grandmaster Mele-Mel & Scorpio) 2003 "Where Ya At?" (as Melle Mel) 2007 "M-3" (as Grandmaster Mele Mel) 2011 "Markus Schulz Presents Dakota feat. Grandmaster Mele Mel & Scorpio" – Sleepwalkers 2016 "Some Kind of Sorry" (as Grandmaster's Furious Five Ft. Mele Mel & Scorpio) Collaborations 1984 "I Feel for You" by
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Lew Futterman is a record producer and manager, who was most active in the 1960s to the early 1980s. Commencing as of 1977, he has increasingly been involved in real estate development, primarily in New York City. History Following graduation from Cornell University, Lewis (Lew) Futterman, was initially a producer for Prestige Records. He later became an independent producer, with a portfolio of jazz, soul and rock artists and bands he managed, or whose recordings he produced, including Jay and the Americans, Benny Golson, Jimmy Witherspoon, Jack McDuff, J.J. Jackson, George Benson, Ted Nugent and the British jazz-rock band If.
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Kung Fu Rabbit is a platform video game for the Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita and Wii U. It was developed by French team cTools Studio for mobile platforms and ported by Neko Entertainment for consoles. It features a white rabbit who teaches kung fu in the temple of rabbits. When the Universal Evil kidnaps all of his students, he goes on a quest to save them. The 3DS version was released on February 20, 2014 in North America and in Japan on October 8, 2014. Reception Kung Fu Rabbit received mixed reviews from critics upon release.
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Trochetia is a genus of flowering plants from the family Malvaceae (formerly in the Sterculiaceae, but this family is now usually subsumed in the Malvaceae). They are endemic to the Mascarene Islands. The genus was first described by A.P. de Candolle in 1823, who named it in honour of French botanist Henri Dutrochet. Description and ecology The genus Trochetia consists of scrubs or small trees, which can reach a height from two to eight metres. The hermaphroditic flowers are either white (T. triflora), pink (T. parviflora), or reddish orange (T. boutoniana). They are either single-standing, or grow in a clusterof three flowers. Some species have bell-shaped petals. All plants of this genus are imperiled due to the competition of invasive species, like the guavas from China but also by destruction caused by introduced monkeys and rats. Five species occur on Mauritius and one on La Reunion. The habitat consists of humid forests with a high annual rainfall or mountainous slopes which are directed windwards. Pollination Plants from the genus Trochetia belong to the few plants worldwide that can produce coloured nectar. Some scientists, like the Danish ecologist Jens Olesen assume that this could be linked to bird species whichthe genus Phelsuma. Recent research has shown that in the absence of the locally extinct Mauritius olive white-eye, Trochetia blackburnianas main pollinator in the area of Le Pétrin is the blue-tailed day gecko (Phelsuma cepediana). the pollination efficiency of these geckos depend on the proximity to dense patches of Pandanus, which are a favourite microhabitat for the geckos - possibly because the spiky leaves of Pandanus protect them from their main predator, the Mauritius kestrel (Falco punctatus). Species Six species belong to that genus. Some authorities have classified much more species but these are either in doubt or synonyms ofother plants. The similar Atlantic genus Trochetiopsis was until 1981 included herein but actually Helmiopsis might be a closer relative of Trochetia (as is also suggested by biogeography).<ref>Cao et al. (2006)</ref> The formerly recognized species Trochetia richardii was reclassified as Helmiopsis richardii. Trochetia thouarsii was first synonymized with Trochetia pentaglossa and later reclassified as Nesogordonia thouarsii. Both plants are from Madagascar. The following species are generally accepted: Trochetia parviflora - an extremely rare tree (with about 63 individuals). Discovered in 1794. Thought to be extinct in 1863 and rediscovered on the slopes of Corps de Garde, Mauritius in 2001 byMauritius. Flowering time: April to July Trochetia blackburniana - Occurrence: several places on Mauritius, most common species of that genus. Flowering time: April to May Trochetia granulata - Occurrence: Réunion Footnotes References (1877): Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles: A Description of the Flowering Plants. Asian Educational Services. (1999 reprint) (2006): Does minimizing homoplasy really maximize homology? MaHo: A method for evaluating homology among most parsimonious trees. C. R. Palevol 7(1): 17–26. (HTML abstract) (1987): 53. Sterculiacées. In: : Flore des Mascareignes: 1-50. The Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius. (2006): Mauritian coloured nectar no longer a mystery: a visual
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Naoum Mokarzel (sometimes spelled "Naʿum Mukarzil"; / ALA-LC: Naʻūm Mūkarzil; August 2, 1864 – April 5, 1932) was an influential intellectual and publisher who immigrated to the United States from Mount Lebanon in Ottoman Syria. He established Al-Hoda, the largest Arabic daily in North America and facilitated Arabic printing by adapting the linotype machine to the Arabic script with his brother Salloum. Mokarzel was a strident and impassioned writer who used his publishing house to print a number of books and to circulate Maronitism and Lebanese nationalism. He was involved in a number of sectarian brawls and legal disputes particularlywith the publishers of rival Arabic New York-based newspapers, and his unwavering stances and criticism of the Syro-Lebanese diaspora community often engendered controversy and politico-sectarian division. Biography Youth in Mount Lebanon Mokarzel was born into a Maronite Catholic family from the town of Freike in Mount Lebanon, then a semi-autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire. His father Antoun, a Maronite priest, and his mother Barbara Mokarzel née Akl were influential figures in local civic and political affairs. Mokarzel attended school at the Collège de la Sagesse in Beirut and received higher education at the Jesuit Saint Joseph University in Beirut.After graduation, Mokarzel moved to Cairo, Egypt where he landed a job teaching literature at the Jesuit college; he became ill with fever after a year there and returned to his hometown in 1886 where he founded a boarding school. Mokarzel's return to Lebanon was brief and he soon decided to move to the United States. Mokarzel traveled with two relatives, Abdo Rihani and the latter's nephew, Ameen, who would become a major figure in the Mahjar literary movement. In New York, early careers and turmoil On August 4, 1888, Mokarzel and the Rihanis landed in New York; they livedbefore engaging in a dry goods commerce venture with Abdo Rihani in 1891. The business failed and Mokarzel consequently departed for Mount Lebanon in 1892. Upon his return to the United States, the Arbeelys, a Greek Orthodox family of Damascene origins, had begun printing Kawkab America (American Star), the first Arabic-language newspaper in North America; Mokarzel set out to open his own newspaper Al-ʿAsr (The Epoch) with capital from his wealthy merchant friend, Najeeb Maalouf. Mokarzel and Nageeb Arbeely engaged in a journalistic feud, personally attacking each other resulting in series of lawsuits and counter-suits between the two newspapers. Thethe Arabic-speaking Levantine immigrants, especially the Maronite community; it reported on Ottoman politics in the Levant, political reform in Lebanon and on the environment of immigrant-run businesses. Mokarzel's brother Salloum traveled to the United States and joined the enterprise that same year. The format of the publication changed after Salloum's arrival; Al-Hoda began appearing twice weekly and was reduced to eight pages with more space reserved for paid advertisements. Despite his standing in the American Maronite community, infamy and controversy still followed Mokarzel. In 1899, the newlyweds published in Al-Hoda an apologetic article of Sophie's divorce from her previous husbandissue of Al-Hoda was published from the New York offices on August 25, 1902 and was since published on a daily basis. In 1904, Mokarzel married Ameen Rihani’s sister Saada, who according to Naoum's niece and biographer Mary Mokarzel, was very eager to marry him. Ameen Rihani brokered his sister's marriage to Mokarzel but the two never cohabited and Saada soon returned to Mount Lebanon. In 1908, Mokarzel sued for divorce from Saada in absentia on the account that she had committing adultery in a hostel in Mount Lebanon. The divorce was settled in May and was followed by asimilarly prominent woman to marry. In 1910 he married for the third and last time; his wife, Rose Abillama hailed from a princely Maronite family and was more than twenty years his minor. Mokarzel did not have any offspring from any of his marriages. In 1911, Mokarzel became the permanent president of the Lebanon League of Progress (Jamʿiyyat al-Nahda al-Lubnaniyya) a Maronite organization established in the US by Ibrahim Najjar dedicated to promote a French-supported Maronite protectorate in Lebanon. In June 1913, Mokarzel was the Lebanon League of Progress delegate to the First Arab Congress in Paris where he representedthe North American Maronites. Delegates to the congress discussed reforms to grant the Arabs living under the Ottoman Empire autonomy. The congress did not have a lasting effect, due mostly to the beginning of World War I. In 1917, Mokarzel sought and collected through Al-Hoda more than $30,000 US in donations to relieve his compatriots in Mount Lebanon who were experiencing a great famine due to Entente and Ottoman blockades. The collected donations were to be personally dispensed by Mokarzel, but half of the money was directed to fund a volunteer armed force that was gathering to enter Lebanon insteadof toward relief aid. Mokarzel incorrectly surmised that the Entente powers would come to the Maronite force's assistance, but they did not take interest in the armed venture. Mokarzel represented the Lebanon League of Progress in the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 where he advocated French tutelage over Mount Lebanon. On September 28, 1919, when the prospects of French control began to materialize, Mokarzel dispatched a fervent telegram to his New York office announcing that the French army would replace the British forces in Greater Syria and that Lebanon would come under French guardianship. In 1923, on the occasion ofAl-Hoda'''s Silver Anniversary, Mokarzel was celebrated as a leading figure by the Maronite and the non-Maronite literary community of America, as well as by a number of American friends. Last years and death Mokarzel's last years were marked by bed-confining illnesses. He boarded a boat to France on March 18, 1932 despite his deteriorating health condition to attend a Lebanon-related conference in Paris. Mokarzel succumbed to his illnesses on April 5, 1932. His body was sent from Paris to New York where he received a large public funeral. His body was sent to Lebanon and interred in the family cemeterythe Lebanon League of Progress in the Arab Congress of 1913 in Paris advocating for the autonomy of Mount Lebanon within the Ottoman Empire.Gualtieri 2009, p. 16 The mistreatment of the Lebanese during World War I and the ensuing famine were turning points for Mokarzel, who afterward openly called for Lebanon's independence from the Ottomans. In 1917, Mokarzel urged his readers to join a special battalion and fight alongside France to help force the Ottomans out of Lebanon. His call for action was met with distrust and was not successful as there was a growing concern that the recruits wouldbe exploited in occupying Mount Lebanon on behalf of the French, not liberate it from the Turks. Mokarzel then engaged in a campaign among the Lebanese communities in the diaspora, especially in the Americas, to change the name of the community and its organizations from "Syrian" to "Lebanese". Mokarzel participated in the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and advocated a French Mandate over Mount Lebanon to train the locals in good governance in preparation for independence. Mokarzel designed the flag used of Mandatory Lebanon;Hazran 2013, p. 177 his calls for the establishment of a French-supported protectorate in Lebanon caused hisdetractors to accuse his newspaper of being financially supported by French endowments. Religion and sectarianism Despite being a staunch practicing Maronite, Mokarzel had often criticized and clashed with the Maronite clergy especially al-mursaloon (the dispatched) who collected funds for the purpose of building or renovating churches in Lebanon. The Maronite clergy members were not accustomed to accountability or reproach of their actions, and thus Mokarzel's criticisms and accusations of corruption made them irate. He was subsequently accused by members of the clergy of being a Freemason. Instead of building more places of worship, Mokarzel pressed in a 1904 article forby the editors of many rival Arabic newspapers in the United States. Notwithstanding his previous calls for secularism, Mokarzel engaged in a sectarian campaign aimed at Lebanon's Muslim population in November 1925; in a New York Times article, he called for French protection of Lebanese Christians from "the ruthless fanaticism of the Mohammedan element". Female literacy In a 1904 article entitled "You Are What Your Womenfolk Are", Mokarzel adamantly called against gender discrimination against women in education and attributed the Levantine women's lack of education to the backwardness of the clergy and their authority over women, which he argued, wasKaram, a stalwart woman writer whom he appointed as "Director of Women's Issues" in Al-Hoda. She contributed a regular column in the newspaper and continued writing about the community's women issues despite angry attacks and attempts to shame her. Mokarzel further encouraged female education by offering a free Al-Hoda subscription to any literate woman from the Arabic-speaking community of the United States. Mokarzel was, however, against granting women the right to vote and women's involvement in politics.Gualtieri 2009, p. 88 Great Druze Revolt Mokarzel was a vehement opponent of the Great Syrian Revolt of 1925 which pitted Syrian and Lebaneserebels against the French Mandatory authorities. Mokarzel formed the "Committee to help the Lebanese victims and the refugees" and initiated a fundraising campaign supervised by the Lebanon League of Progress for the benefit of Lebanese victims of the uprising from Rashaya, Hasbaya and Marjayoun. He managed to collect more than half a million dollars that were transferred to a committee in Lebanon headed by Moussa Nammour, a member of the Lebanese parliament. Meraat-ul-Gharb (The Mirror of the Occident), a rival newspaper, accused Nammour of socializing with the French and accused Nammour's organization of corruption. Mokarzel was opposed to Emir Shakib
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Bernard Connolly is a British economist noted for his dislike of the euro. He is known for writing The Rotten Heart of Europe: The Dirty War for Europe's Money. Biography Connolly worked in the Industrial Trends and Forecasting Unit of the Confederation of British Industry. Before joining AIG Connolly had spent a number of years working with the European Commission in Brussels, where he was head of the unit responsible for the European Monetary System and monetary policies. While at the Commission Connolly was a Member of the Monetary Policy and Foreign Exchange Policy sub-committees of the Committee of Central
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Red Dog: Superior Firepower is a video game released in 2000 for the Sega Dreamcast, it was developed by Argonaut Games. Gameplay Red Dog: Superior Firepower is composed of six single-player missions, seven challenge missions, and numerous combinations of game types and maps in multi-player mode. Plot References Jim Preston reviewed the Dreamcast version of the game for Next Generation, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "A fun, colorful 3D take on Moon Patrol that is best when played with some friends." References External links IGN review Category:1999 video games Category:Argonaut Games games Category:Dreamcast games Category:Dreamcast-only
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Theatre and opera Io (opera), an unfinished acte de ballet (opera) by Jean-Philippe Rameau iO Theater (ImprovOlympic), a theater in Chicago, Illinois, dedicated to improvisational comedy IO West, a Los Angeles theater associated with the Chicago iO Other uses in arts and media Io (film), a Netflix film iO Digital Cable Service, a service offered by Cablevision International Organization, a peer-reviewed journal that covers the entire field of international affairs Businesses and organizations IO Interactive, a Danish computer game developer Indonesian Airlines (IATA airline designator IO) Bureau of International Organization Affairs, in the U.S. Department of State Government Printing Bureautraditions the supreme god People , Japanese shogi player Io Shirai (born 1990), Japanese professional wrestler iO Tillett Wright (born 1985), American artist, director, photographer, writer, film maker, activist, and actor i_o, electronic music producer signed to Mau5trap Places Io (island), an uninhabited islet near Crete, Greece Io, Norway, a village in Meland, Norway Mount Iō (Shiretoko), a volcano in Japan Indian Ocean Science and technology Astronomy Io (moon), a moon of Jupiter 85 Io, an asteroid Biology and medicine Io (gastropod), a genus of freshwater snail in the family Pleuroceridae Automeris io, a moth species in North America Aglais
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Sir Clifford Straughn Husbands GCMG KStJ KA QC (5 August 1926 – 11 October 2017) was a Barbadian politician and judge who served as Governor-General of Barbados. He held this office from 1996, when he was appointed after the death of Dame Nita Barrow, until he retired on 31 October 2011. Husbands died suddenly of a heart attack on 11 October 2017 at the age of 91. He was predeceased by his wife, Lady Ruby Husbands (née Parris), who died on 7 July 2009. See also Governor-General of Barbados References External links Photo Biography Category:1926 births Category:2017 deaths Category:Barbadian judges
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Nancy Brooker Spain (13 September 1917 – 21 March 1964) was a prominent English broadcaster and journalist. She was a columnist for the Daily Express, She magazine, and the News of the World in the 1950s and 1960s. She also appeared on many radio broadcasts, particularly on Woman's Hour and My Word!, and later as a panelist on the television programmes What's My Line? and Juke Box Jury. Spain died in a plane crash near Aintree racecourse while travelling to the 1964 Grand National. Early life Spain was born in Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, the younger of the two daughtersof Lieutenant-Colonel George Redesdale Brooker Spain, a freeman of the city and prominent figure in local military and antiquarian affairs. Her father was a writer himself and appeared in a number of radio plays as well as broadcasting commentaries on Newcastle United games. Her mother, Norah Smiles, was the daughter of Lucy Dorling (a half-sister of Isabella Beeton) and William Holmes Smiles (son of Samuel Smiles). As a child, Spain remembered pushing the future eminent journalist William Hardcastle into the Bull Park Lake on the Town Moor, where she used to learn to ride at five shillings an hour "witha posthumous biography of the broadcaster and journalist in 1997. Private life Often in the news and tempted to marry to seem respectable - Spain's name was linked with that of Gilbert Harding - she lived openly with the editor of She, Joan Werner Laurie (Jonny), and was a friend of the famous, including Noël Coward and Marlene Dietrich. She and Laurie were regulars at the Gateways club in Chelsea, London, and were widely known to be lesbians. Spain and Laurie lived in an extended household with the rally driver Sheila van Damm, and their sons Nicholas (born 1946) andThomas (born in 1952). Nicholas was Laurie's son; Thomas was also described as Laurie's youngest son, but may have been Spain's son after an affair with Philip Youngman Carter, husband of Margery Allingham. Spain died, with Laurie and three others, on 21 March 1964. They were flying in a Piper Apache aeroplane which crashed near Aintree racecourse, near Liverpool, killing all on board. The aircraft (G-ASHC) had taken off from Luton Airport and was on approach to land at the racecourse. Spain was travelling there to cover the 1964 Grand National, which was taking place that day. She was cremated
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RFC Seraing is a refounded Belgian football club from the municipality of Seraing, province of Liège. They play at the 8,207-capacity Stade du Pairay. History F.C. Sérésien It was created in 1900 as F.C. Sérésien and it registered to the FA the same year as the matricule n°17. The prefix Royal was added in 1928. R.F.C. Seraing The name changed in 1994 to R.F.C. Seraing and two years later, the club had to merge with neighbours Standard Liège (matricule n°16) due to financial problems. The matricule is thus not in use anymore. Meanwhile, another club from the city called Seraing
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The Wiyot (Chetco-Tolowa: Wee-'at Yurok: Weyet ) are an indigenous people of California living near Humboldt Bay, California and a small surrounding area. They are culturally similar to the Yurok people. Today, there are approximately 450 Wiyot people. They are enrolled in several federally recognized tribes, such as the Wiyot Tribe (also known as the Table Bluff Reservation—Wiyot Tribe), Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria, Blue Lake Rancheria, and the Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria. History The Wiyot and Yurok are the westernmost people to speak an Algic language. Their languages, Wiyot and Yurok, are distantlyrelated to the Algonquian languages. The Wiyot people's traditional homeland ranged from Mad River through Humboldt Bay (including the present cities of Eureka and Arcata) to the lower Eel River basin. Inland, their territory was heavily forested in ancient redwood. Their stretch of shoreland was mostly sandy, composed of dunes and tidal marsh. The Wiyots were among the last natives in California to encounter white settlers. Spanish missions extended only as far north as San Francisco Bay. Following a brief visit in 1806, Russian fur traders, whose 18th-century invasion in search of the sea otter had devastated the Pomo, weresettlers under the command of Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Robert C. Buchanan of the U.S. 4th Infantry Regiment. Among the miners, farmers, ranchers and loggers pouring into California, many settled at what is now Eureka. Relationships between the Indians and the outsiders became hostile, marked by raids and vigilante justice. Massacre On February 26, 1860, the Wiyot experienced a massacre which devastated their numbers and has remained a pervasive part of their cultural heritage and identity. Three days before the massacre, on Washington's birthday, a logging mill engineer from Germany named Robert Gunther bought property on "Indian Island". The day beforeat Fort Humboldt for protection. Survivors were herded mostly to Round Valley, established as an Indian reservation within California, but they kept escaping and returning to their homeland. Population decline By 1850, there were about 2000 Wiyot and Karok people living within this area. After 1860, there were an estimated 200 people left. By 1910, there were fewer than 100 full-blood Wiyot people living within their ancestral territory. This rapid decline in population occurred due to disease, slavery, target practice, protection, being herded from place to place (survivors' descendants describe this as "death marches"), and massacres. Memorials have been heldTribe. "Table Bluff Rancheria of Wiyot Indians of California" is the name under which the United States federal government previously listed the Table Bluff Reservation in the Bureau of Indian Affairs list of federally recognized tribes; "Table Bluff Reservation- Wiyot Tribe" is the current designation. Some people of Wiyot descent are enrolled in the Bear River Rancheria. Since October 2019, the Wiyot have had the land deed to most of Indian Island, which previously was owned by the City of Eureka. Culture and religion The last documented native speaker of Wiyot died in 1962. The Wiyot tribal government is ina devastating onslaught of violence by American settlers in the 1850s and 1860s, wiping out the majority of those alive in 1850 and dispossessing them of their lands. Surviving members of the tribe intermarried with neighboring groups, including the Yurok. About 500 Wiyot live in Northern California today, still well below their mid-19th century population of 2,000. Recent events In a step towards making amends, in June 2004 the Eureka City Council transferred of Indian Island back to the Wiyot tribe, to add to the Wiyot had purchased. The council also transferred on the northeast tip of the island on
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Relations:[["Wiyot", "indigenous to", "California"], ["Wiyot", "country", "United States"]] |
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Robert William Keith (1787–1846) was an English musical composer and writer. Life Born at Stepney on 20 March 1787, he was the son of Cornelius Keith, organist of St. Peter's, Cornhill, and of the Danish Chapel in Wellclose Street, and the grandson of William Keith, organist of West Ham Church (d. 1800). From the latter Keith learnt the rudiments of music, and from François Hippolyte Barthélémon and others the violin, harmony, and composition. Keith kept at 131 Cheapside a musical and musical instrument warehouse, and prepared many of his own publications. He died on 19 June 1846. Works While organistand composer to the New Jerusalem Church in Friars Street, Keith published A Selection of Sacred Melodies … to which is prefixed Instructions for the use of Young Organists …, London, 1816. There followed A Musical Vade Mecum, being a compendious Introduction to the whole art of Music; Part I, containing the Principles of Notation, etc., in an easy categorical form, apprehensible to the meanest capacity, London, 1820 (?); Part II, Elements of Musical Composition. Keith compiled instruction-books for pianoforte, flute, and Spanish guitar (by "Paulus Prucilli"), and a violin preceptor, which went through many editions. Some of Keith's sacred
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Relations:[["Robert William Keith", "given name", "Robert"], ["Robert William Keith", "occupation", "Composer"]] |
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Crazy Rook or Crazy Castle (Persian title: Rokhe Divaneh- ) is a 2015 Iranian film directed by Abolhassan Davoudi and starring Tannaz Tabatabaei, Saed Soheili, Bizhan Emkanian, Saber Abar, Nazanin Bayati and Gohar Kheirandish. The film won the Best Director and Best Film awards in the 33rd Fajr International Film Festival. Synopsis The story of a young couple who met in an internet dating and looking for a fun and gambling complex and daunting fell on the path, the path for each one brings a new understanding of life and society . Cast Tannaz Tabatabaei as Mandana Saed Soheili as
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Douglas LaBier is a business psychologist, psychotherapist, and writer. He is the Founder and Director of the Center for Progressive Development, in Washington, D.C. and conducts programs for senior executives and leadership teams, based on his findings and empirical data, to create positive management cultures. He also practices psychotherapy for men, women and couples. He is known for research demonstrating that success in business and careers can create emotional and values conflicts for men and women. Education LaBier was raised in upstate New York. His father, Horace J. LaBier, founded Local 227 of the International Chemical Workers Union in 1937of modern success." LaBier argued that personal and career-related conflicts are often caused, paradoxically, by successful adaptation to the roles, pressures, and culture within organizations and careers. LaBier has also authored numerous articles on related issues for The Washington Post, The New York Times, Fortune, and other publications. His writings have been published on The Huffington Post Psychology Today, the Center's blog, Progressive Impact and other publications. He has also written on the link between work and mental health; midlife developmental conflicts; building psychologically healthy management and leadership; and positive human development for various publications including New York Times since
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Eligma narcissus, the ailanthus defoliator, is a moth in the family Nolidae. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1775. It is found in tropical Asia and the subtropics of China, India, Sri Lanka, Java and Southeast Islands. Description Head and thorax greyish brown and spotted in black. Abdomen bright yellow with dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Forelegs are grey brown and spotted with black. Midlegs and hindlegs are yellowish with black spots on tibia. Tarsi grey brown. Forewings are greyish brown where costal area is with an olive tinge. There is an irregular and diffusedcurved white fascia from base to apex. Some basal and sub-basal black spots. A waved black line runs from lower angle of cell to inner margin. A submarginal series of black spots, those towards outer angle conjoined into streaks. Hindwings are bright yellow. Apical area is black, suffused or streaked with dark blue, and terminating at vein 1b. Cilia whitish at tips. Ecology The larvae feed on Canarium and Ailanthus species, including A. fordii. Young larvae skeletonise leaflets, while older larvae are defoliators. They are also found to feed on Ailanthus altissima, Amygdalus persica, and Toona sinensis from China. References
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Relations:[["Eligma narcissus", "taxon rank", "Species"]] |
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is a trans-Neptunian object and centaur from the scattered disk and/or inner Oort cloud, located in the outermost region of the Solar System. The object with a highly eccentric orbit of 0.99 was first observed by astronomers with the Spacewatch program at Steward Observatory on 31 March 2009. It measures approximately in diameter. Description Using an epoch of February 2017, it has the second-largest heliocentric semi-major axis of a minor planet not detected out-gassing like a comet. ( has a larger heliocentric semi-major axis.) does have a barycentric semi-major axis of 1032 AU. For the epoch of July 2018 will
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Relations:[["2012 DR30", "discoverer or inventor", "Spacewatch"]] |
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Alison Comyn (born 28 October 1969, Drogheda, County Louth) is an Irish television journalist and broadcaster. She currently presents Sky World News on Sky News, and occasionally presented Sunrise with Stephen Dixon, She was formerly the news anchor of UTV Ireland's weekday news and current affairs programmes Ireland Live news and Ireland Live news at 10 which aired between January 2015 and January 2017. It won the IFTA for Best News programme for its Brexit coverage in 2016. Journalism career Comyn previously worked on programmes with RTÉ, BBC, Sky News and Channel 4. Prior to working at UTV Ireland, she
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Relations:[["Alison Comyn", "place of birth", "County Louth"]] |
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Maria Monti (born 1935 in Milan) is an Italian film actress, singer and theatre artist. Entering film in 1962 in Canzoni a tempo di twist she made nearly 30 film appearances between 1962 and 2002. In 1971 she appeared in Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dynamite. Filmography Vento di ponente (2002) TV Series .... Emma (2002-) Controvento (2000) L'Ultimo capodanno (1998) .... The Contessa La Medaglia (1997) .... Teacher Gangsters (1992) .... Guest-house owner Milan noir (1987) .... Bianca Strana la vita (1987) .... Anna's Mother (1985) .... Italian Mother La Ragazza di Via Millelire (1980) Piccole labbra (1978) ....
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Narayanganj-5 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2014 by Salim Osman of the Jatiya Party (Ershad). Boundaries The constituency encompasses Bandar Upazila and the Narayanganj Thana portion of Narayanganj Sadar Upazila. Narayanganj Thana consists of Narayanganj Municipality, and Alirtek and Gognagar union parishads. History The constituency was created in 1984 from a Dhaka constituency when the former Dhaka District was split into six districts: Manikganj, Munshiganj, Dhaka, Gazipur, Narsingdi, and Narayanganj. Ahead of the 2008 general election, the Election Commission redrew constituency boundaries to reflect population changes revealed by the 2001 Bangladesh census.
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Christian Forshaw is a British saxophone virtuoso and composer. Christian Forshaw was born in Knaresborough, Yorkshire and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music & Drama in 1995 with distinction. He then began working with some of the world’s finest ensembles including the London Sinfonietta, the Chamber Orchestra of Europe, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra. He has toured extensively with smaller ensembles including the Michael Nyman Band, the ensembles Endymion, Icebreaker and the Composers Ensemble. Since 2002 Forshaw has been Professor of Saxophone at the Guildhall School of Music & Drama. Forshaw is a member ofNotes Inégales, directed by Peter Wiegold, and was featured as soloist with the group in 2005 playing Donatoni’s Hot. He has also made solo appearances with the Scottish Ensemble, giving several critically acclaimed performances of Richard Rodney Bennett’s Concerto for Alto Saxophone and Strings, and with the London Sinfonietta in 2002 performing Pedro Rebello’s Aquas Liberas at the Queen Elizabeth Hall. Forshaw's debut album Sanctuary (QTZ2009) combines saxophone, voices, church organ and percussion in arrangements of sacred melodies as well as original composition. Sanctuary reached No.1 in both the Amazon.co.uk Classical Chart and New Zealand’s Concert FM charts, and made
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Marco Battaglini (25 March 1645 – 19 September 1717) was an Italian jurist and priest, known as a historian of the church councils. Life He was born at Rimini, Italy. He studied law at Cesena, both civil and ecclesiastical, and at the age of sixteen he obtained the degree of Doctor of Civil and Canon Law. After some years of service in the civil administration of the Papal States, he entered the priesthood. He was appointed Bishop of Nocera in Umbria, 1690, and in 1716 was transferred to the Diocese of Cesena. He died at Cesena. Works His principal works
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Dumuria () is an Upazila of Khulna District in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh. Geography Dumuria is located at . It has 46,251 households and a total area of . There are two major rivers, Shipsha and Shangrail. Demographics According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Dumuria had a population of 256,503. Males constituted 51.12% of the population, and females 48.88%. The population aged 18 or over was around 138,764. Dumuria had an average literacy rate of 36.1% (7+ years), compared to the national average of 32.4% . Administration Dumuria Upazila administration is derived under Dumuria Upazila Parishad. Dumuria has 14
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Symondsbury is a village and civil parish in southwest Dorset, England, west of Bridport and west of Dorchester. The village is located just to the north of the A35 trunk road, which runs between Southampton and Honiton. The village has a pub (the Ilchester Arms), a pottery and a primary school. The village is the head of Symondsbury Parish which extends from Eype and West Cliff (West Bay) in the south, to the Marshwood Vale in the north. The village is set in the Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). In the 2011 census the parish had a populationof 1,059. Toponymy The name Symondsbury derives from Old English and means the hill or barrow (beorg) belonging to a man named Sigemund. It was listed in the Domesday Book as Simondesberge. History and economy Symondsbury is recorded in the Domesday Book as having 31 households, with the lord of the manor being Cerne Abbey, which was also the lord at the time of the Norman Conquest. In historical times the main economy of the village was the production of flax and hemp for Bridport's rope and net manufacturing trade. More recently the main business has been milk, beef, sheep,pigs and arable production and, since the decline of agriculture in the late 20th century, the village has hosted two colleges, many small workshops and several large self-catering holiday lets. The village still has several orchards, two cider presses, one apple juice business, an orchard conservation company, artists, potters, an outdoor toddler group and a primary school. Many of the inhabitants still work in the village on the two business parks and other converted agricultural buildings. The small River Simene passes through the parish. A tributary stream also wanders through the village itself, coming from a spring that is believedstill to have healing properties. In the medieval age, people from miles around came to bathe their eyes, that were then allegedly healed. There is an old road from the sea through the village, that used to take pilgrims to the shrine of St Wite at Whitchurch Canonicorum. In 2004/5 The Symondsbury Apple Project undertook research into Dorset's Orchard and cider history discovering that in Symondsbury parish there were over 100 acres of orchard in 1839. Colmer's Hill The main landmark in the village is the distinctive Colmer's Hill, a near-conical sandstone eminence topped by pine trees. It is highlycruciform shape, it has a nave, transepts, south porch and square tower with six small bells and a clock. The registers date from 1558. Records show that the first rector arrived in 1325. In the north and south transept there are spyholes, known as squints, through which the congregation could see the priest at the altar. The stained glass in a memorial window in the church was designed around 1884 by William Lethaby, who later became Professor of Ornament & Design at the Royal College of Art. Principal houses The principal houses in the village are Symondsbury Manor, Shutes Farmhousetitle, but no land. Oakhayes was built in two phases at the beginning and end of the 18th century. It was such a rich living that the rector at the time even boasted his own pack of hounds and the kennels can still be seen. An engraving of the house dated 1799 was published in the History of Dorset by John Hutchins. Demography In the 2011 census the parish had 581 dwellings, 486 households and a population of 1,059. Transport The village is about half a mile (800 metres) from the A35 Folkestone-Honiton trunk road. It has no bus service
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Kwadwo Antwi Atuahene (born December 17, 1984) is a Ghanaian-Canadian professional basketball player who last played for the Island Storm of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL). He was a reserve at the 2013 NBL Canada All-Star Game, in which he represented the Central Division. Atuahene played college basketball with Arizona State after spending a season at Trinity Valley Community College in Athens, Texas. As a professional, he has previously competed with teams in Mexico, the United States, and Canada. References External links ASU bio Antwi Atuahene at RealGM Category:Living people Category:1984 births Category:Canadian people of Ghanaian descent Category:Sportspeople
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André Alves da Cruz (born 20 September 1968) is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a central defender. He played for several clubs in Brazil and Europe, and also represented the Brazilian national team, taking part in the 1989 and 1995 Copa América tournaments, and the 1998 FIFA World Cup, as well as the 1987 Pan American Games and the 1988 Summer Olympics. Club career Cruz began his playing career with Brazilian clubs Ponte Preta and Flamengo, before moving to play football in Europe. He initially joined Belgian club Standard Liège, but later also played in Italy, where herepresented Napoli, A.C. Milan, and Torino. He subsequently joined Portuguese side Sporting Clube de Portugal, before moving back to Brazil, where he played with Goiás and Internacional before ending his career. International career André Cruz made 47 appearances (12 in non-official matches) with the Brazilian national team between 1988 and 1998. With the Brazilian under-20 side, he won a gold medal at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis, and a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul; he was a member of the Brazil senior team that won the 1989 Copa América the following year. He wasincluded in the Brazilian team that won the 1995 Umbro Cup and which finished runners-up in the 1995 Copa América; he was later also a member of the Brazilian squad that finished runners-up in the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Honours Club Flamengo Copa do Brasil: 1990 Internacional Campeonato Gaúcho 2003 Standard Liège Belgian Cup: 1992–93 Milan Serie A: 1998–99 Sporting SuperLiga: 1999–2000, 2001–02 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2000 Taça de Portugal: 2001–02 International Brazil Pan American Games Gold Medal: 1987 Summer Olympic Silver Medal: 1988 Copa América: 1989, Runner-up 1995 Umbro Cup: 1995. FIFA World Cup Runner-up: 1998 References Externallinks Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:People from Piracicaba Category:S.S.C. Napoli players Category:A.C. Milan players Category:Torino F.C. players Category:Serie A players Category:Brazilian footballers Category:Standard Liège players Category:Belgian First Division A players Category:Sporting CP footballers Category:Primeira Liga players Category:Clube de Regatas do Flamengo footballers Category:Sport Club Internacional players Category:Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players Category:Goiás Esporte Clube players Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Category:1989 Copa América players Category:1995 Copa América players Category:1998 FIFA World Cup players Category:Footballers at the 1988 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic footballers of Brazil Category:Olympic silver medalists for Brazil Category:Brazil youth international footballers Category:Brazil under-20 international footballers Category:Brazil international footballers Category:Brazilian
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Club Universitario de Buenos Aires, commonly known for its acronym CUBA, is an Argentine sports club with headquarters in the autonomous city of Buenos Aires. Universitario hosts the practise of a large variety of sports and activities, including aikido, mountaineering, basketball, boxing, scuba diving, fencing, skiing, football, gymnastics, artistic gymnastics, golf, field hockey, judo, swimming, yachting, paddle tennis, basque pelota, rugby union, squash, taekwondo, tennis, volleyball, windsurf and yoga. One of the sports the club had gained more recognition is rugby union, which senior team currently plays in Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de BuenosAires league system. "CUBA" has won 14 first division titles to date. History The Club was founded on May 11, 1918, by a group of university students as a means of fostering camaraderie in a politics-free environment. The main request to become a member was to be a university student. In 1917, after a basketball game played in the Young Christian Association -which ended in a riot act- some of its members were punished. Many of those members would establish the club one year later. The first president of the institution was Dr. Carlos P.Waldorp. On 31 October 1918, theclub acquired a house on Viamonte street of Buenos Aires, which would be the headquarters of Universitario. From 1933 to 1948 (when Universitario acquired land in Villa de Mayo district of Greater Buenos Aires), the club hosted its activities at the club Obras Sanitarias. Rugby union It is believed that rugby union began to be practiced at the club because of the friendship between members of Club Atlético San Isidro and the founders of CUBA. Furthermore, the first CUBA captain was Oscar Mena that had previously played in San Isidro. He arrived at the club not only to play butto serve as a coach of junior divisions. Universitario registered its rugby team with Unión del Rugby del Río de la Plata (today Argentine Rugby Union) in 1919. At the beginning the team only played friendly matches, debuting against Lomas with a victory of 16–3. Universitario would they play San Isidro, Belgrano AC and Lomas again. Universitario started to take part in official competitions in 1922, playing at the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires second division. The first official game was on May 15, 1921, when "CUBA" defeated Huemac by 11–0 in the Club Metropolitan field sited in SantosUniversitario recovered from the thrashing defeat by San Isidro, making a great campaign and winning all the games of the second round, including a victory against San Isidro by 12–6, taking revenge from the first-round game. At the international level, Universitario played several matches against teams outside Argentina, such as the Junior Springboks in 1932 and 1959, an Oxford & Cambridge combined team in 1948, 1956 and 1965, the Ireland national side in 1952 and the "Gazelles" from South Africa in 1966. Nevertheless, the most significant achievement for the club was in 1965 when Universitario won the title in allVilla de Mayo. Notable rugby union players Frank Chevallier Boutell Ignacio Corleto Ernesto Ure Hugo Miguens Bernardo Miguens Javier Miguens Pedro Lanza Juan Lanza Elías Gaviña Ricardo Mastai Felipe Aranguren Benjamín Urdapilleta Tomás de la Vega Ignacio Corleto Matías Moroni Che Guevara Notable members Natalio Botana Alfredo Davicce Fernando de la Rúa Eduardo Pavlovsky Lino Palacio Rolando Hanglin Locations At present, CUBA has many branches disseminated over Argentina: Headquarters, known among members as "Viamonte", due to its address, 1560 Viamonte Street, located in the neighborhood known as "Tribunales", this term meaning "courts" in Spanish. Palermo, in the park section ofwas donated by the Government of Argentina in 1931. Catedral, placed in the major tourism centre of Bariloche. Fátima, sited in the homonymous city of the Pilar Partido. This branch was built due to the increasing number of members needing another place to play golf. Facilities (located in a gated community) were definitely finished in 1991. Uniforms Controversy Universitario has always been a Gentlemen's club. Women are considered adherent members. As adherents, women are excluded from decision-making processes and their access to the main headquarters (on Viamonte street) is restricted: women only have access to the restaurant and the library.President of Argentina Juan Domingo Perón took over the club in 1953. The club has also been accused of supporting several de facto governments of Argentina. In the official history of the club it was stated that "The government of Gral. Pedro Aramburu repaired the abuse committed" In 1968, some members of the committee celebrated the 50th anniversary of the club with members of the military government leadered by dictator Juan Carlos Onganía. Honours Basketball Copa E.W. O'Farell (1): 1927 Torneo Nacional (3): 1934, 1940, 1944 Rugby union Torneo de la URBA (14): 1931, 1942, 1944, 1945, 1947, 1949, 1950,
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The J.G. McDonald Chocolate Company Building in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, is a 4-story commercial structure designed by John A. Headlund and completed in 1901. The original 3-story brick and stone building was expanded to four stories soon after construction, and it continued to expand as the company grew. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and it is now included in the Warehouse District. History McDonald Brothers was founded by John T. McDonald, a wholesale grocer and confectioner, in 1863. In 1883 his son, James G. McDonald, became president. By 1890
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The Barnsdall Main Street Well (also known as Indian Territory Illuminating Oil Company Well #20 Osage County) is a formerly active oil well in the middle of Main Street in the town of Barnsdall, Oklahoma. It is believed to be the only such oil well anywhere in the world. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on October 1, 1997, as part of the "Energy Related Resources in Northeastern Oklahoma Multiple Property Submission". According to signage at the site, the well was completed on March 18, 1914, with a depth of 1771 feet. It remained activeIndian Territory Illuminating Oil Company Indian Territory Illuminating Oil Company (“ITIO”) may be said to date back to 1895 when Edwin B. Foster signed a massive 1.5 million acre lease covering the whole Osage Nation reservation (present-day Osage County, Oklahoma). The two companies which operated the lease lands were combined to form ITIO in 1901. Edwin’s successor, Henry V. Foster, divided the entire Osage lease into blocks three miles long east to west and one-half mile wide north to south, and subleased them to other companies on a bonus and royalty basis. He ultimately leased to seventy-five separate companies whileretaining a number of leases for ITIO itself to develop. In 1903, Theodore N. Barnsdall bought 51 percent of stock in the company. The company did well from this point, and obtained renewal of the Osage lease in 1906, albeit limited to 680,000 acres on the reservation’s east side. Barnsdall’s 51% was eventually sold to a subsidiary of Cities Service Company. The Osage lease was lost in 1916, but the company began operations in other areas of Oklahoma, such as the vicinity of Seminole. ITIO was responsible for the Oklahoma City Oil Field discovery well, brought in on December 4,
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"Nine Million Bicycles" is a song written and produced by Mike Batt for the singer Katie Melua's second album, Piece by Piece. It was released as the album's first single in September 2005 and reached number five on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Melua's first top five hit as a solo artist. It was a finalist for The Record of the Year prize, losing to "You Raise Me Up" by Westlife. Background According to Melua, the inspiration for the song came during a visit to Beijing with her manager Mike Batt. Their interpreter showed them around the city and toldthem that there are supposedly nine million bicycles in the city. Batt wrote a song based around the title "Nine Million Bicycles" after returning to England two weeks later, and it was one of the last songs to be recorded for Piece by Piece. Adrian Brett, who played the ethnic flutes on Batt's album Caravans (1978), contributed to the song; an ocarina was used for the low sounds, and a Chinese bamboo flute for the high sounds. Melua said that she liked the song "because it is a simple juxtaposition of a trivial idea ('Nine Million Bicycles') against an importantidea ('I will love you till I die')". The website indieLondon named it one of the "highlights" of Piece by Piece, describing it as "genuinely sweet ... The meandering blasts of flute that weave their way throughout lend the song a Chinese feel and make it quite enticing". The single's music video, directed by Kevin Godley, shows Melua being dragged across the floor through a variety of settings, including a brief shot of the Summer Palace in Beijing, until she returns to a picnic in a park with her friends. Alternative version In 2005, Melua was criticised by writer andscientist Simon Singh for inaccurate lyrics referring to the size of the observable universe ("We are 12 billion light-years from the edge. That's a guess — no one can ever say it's true"). Melua and Singh met, and Melua re-recorded a tongue-in-cheek version of the song for BBC Radio 4's Today program that had been written by Singh: "We are 13.7 billion light-years from the edge of the observable universe; that's a good estimate with well-defined error bars/and with the available information, I predict that I will always be with you". Melua later said that she 'should have known better'as she used to be a member of the Astronomy club at school. Track listing "Nine Million Bicycles" (Mike Batt) – 3:15 "Market Day in Guernica" (Batt) – 4:02 "Stardust" (Hoagy Carmichael, Mitchell Parish) – 4:10 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Other appearances The Acoustic Album (2006, Virgin) Personnel Katie Melua – vocals, guitar Dominic Glover – trumpet Adrian Brett – flute Mike Batt – piano Jim Cregan – guitar Chris Spedding – guitar Mike Darcy – violin Tim Harries – bass guitar Henry Spinetti – drums Martin Ditchman – percussion Chris Karan – percussion The Irish Film Orchestra
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Robert H. Dyson, Jr. (August 2, 1927 – February 14, 2020) was an American archaeologist who served as director of the Penn Museum (1982–1994). He was best known for directing excavations at Teppe Hasanlu between 1956 and 1977. Education and career Dyson was born in York, Pennsylvania, in 1927, and received his PhD from Harvard University in 1966. He joined the University of Pennsylvania as an associate professor of anthropology and associate curator of the Near East section of the Penn Museum. He served as the dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences from 1979 to 1982 and wasthe director of the Penn Museum from 1982 to 1994. He retired from Pennsylvania as a professor emeritus in 1995. Dyson was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1971, served as the president of the Archaeological Institute of America, and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1984. After his retirement from Pennsylvania, a Robert H. Dyson chair was endowed at the Department of Anthropology and Near East section of the Penn Museum in his honor. See also Golden bowl of Hasanlu Hasanlu Lovers References Category:1927 births Category:2020 deaths Category:People from York, Pennsylvania Category:American archaeologists Category:Archaeologists of the
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Sir Valentine Blake was an Irish merchant and Mayor of Galway, 1560-2 January 1635. Biography The eldest of three sons of Walter Blake and Juliana Browne, Blake was described as the richest man in Galway in 1592. He owned extensive property in the counties of Galway, Mayo and Clare, some of which was inherited, but mainly acquired himself by mortgage. This included the monastery of Knockmoy. He resided in the town of Galway, or at Menlo Castle, located on the east bank of the Corrib some four miles north of the town. He appears to have been the first Blake
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Surfer Rosa is the debut studio album by the American alternative rock band Pixies, released in March 1988 on the British label 4AD. It was produced by Steve Albini. Surfer Rosa contains many of the elements of Pixies' earlier output, including Spanish lyrics and references to Puerto Rico. It includes references to mutilation and voyeurism alongside experimental recording techniques and a distinctive drum sound. As 4AD was an independent label, distribution in the United States was handled by British label Rough Trade Records; however, it failed to chart in either country. Only one single was released, a rerecorded version of"Gigantic", and reached number 93 on the UK Singles Chart. Surfer Rosa was rereleased in the US by Elektra Records in 1992, and in 2005 was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. Surfer Rosa is often included on critics' lists of the best rock albums. Alternative rock artists including Billy Corgan and PJ Harvey have cited it as an inspiration; it was an influence on Nirvana's 1991 album Nevermind, and the band hired Albini to record their 1993 album In Utero. Background Before the release of Pixies' debut mini-album Come On Pilgrim in October 1987, Ivo Watts-Russell,head of 4AD, suggested they return to the studio to record a full-length album. The original plan was to record new material at Fort Apache Studios, where the band had produced The Purple Tape and Come On Pilgrim. However, due to differences between the band's manager Ken Goes and The Purple Tape producer Gary Smith, Pixies ended up looking for a new producer and recording studio. On the advice of a 4AD colleague, Watts-Russell looked to hire Steve Albini, ex-frontman of Big Black, as the record's engineer and producer. Having sent a pre-release tape of Come On Pilgrim to Albini,Pixies' manager, Ken Goes, invited him to a Boston dinner party at drummer David Lovering's house a few weeks after Come On Pilgrim's release. Albini met the band that evening, and they discussed how the next record should sound and be recorded. Albini said that, "[the band and I] were in the studio the next day." Paul Kolderie, who had worked at Fort Apache Studios with Smith, recommended the Boston recording studio Q Division to Albini. This created tension between Smith and Kolderie, and Kolderie later remarked that "Gary almost killed me for the suggestion, he thought I was schemingto get the project." Recording and production Pixies entered Q Division in December 1987, booking ten working days of studio time in which to record the album. 4AD allocated the band a budget of US$10,000. Albini's producer's fee was US$1,500, and he received no royalties; Albini has a practice of refusing royalties from records he produces, viewing it as "an insult to the band." Along with Albini in the studio, Q Division's Jon Lupfer acted as studio assistant. The recording process took the entire booked period of ten working days to complete, with extra vocal mixes subsequently added in theknow that that idea would've ever come up if I hadn't done it. There are times when things like that are revealing and entertaining and I kind of felt it was a bit gimmicky on this record." Music Like Come On Pilgrim, Surfer Rosa displays a mix of musical styles; pop guitar songs such as "Broken Face", "Break My Body", and "Brick Is Red" are featured alongside slower, more melodic tracks exemplified by "Where Is My Mind?". The album includes heavier material, and prominently features the band's trademark quiet-loud dynamic. Frontman and principal songwriter Black Francis wrote the material, theonly exception being "Gigantic," which was co-written with Kim Deal. "Gigantic" is one of only two Pixies album tracks on which Deal sang lead vocals. Surfer Rosa's lyrical content includes examinations of mutilation and incest in "Break My Body" and "Broken Face", while references to superheroes appear on "Tony's Theme". Voyeurism appears in "Gigantic", and surrealistic lyrics are featured on "Bone Machine" and "Where Is My Mind?". Puerto Rico references and Spanish lyrics are found on the tracks "Oh My Golly!" and "Vamos." The latter track was previously featured on Come On Pilgrim, and appears on Surfer Rosa as ateenager. Francis was inspired to write "Where Is My Mind?" after scuba diving in the Caribbean. He later said he had "this very small fish trying to chase me. I don't know why—I don't know too much about fish behavior." Release Surfer Rosa was released in the UK by 4AD on March 21, 1988, entering the UK Indie Chart the following week. It spent 60 weeks in the chart, peaking at number 2. Until August of that year it was only available in the U.S. as an import. Although the label held worldwide distribution rights to Pixies, they did nothave access to a distributor outside the UK. When 4AD signed a distribution deal with Rough Trade's U.S. branch, the album was released on vinyl and cassette as part of the Surfer Rosa/Come On Pilgrim release. While Surfer Rosa/Come On Pilgrim has remained in print on CD in the UK, subsequent U.S. releases have seen the two released on separate CDs. These separate releases first appeared in January 1992, when Elektra Records first reissued the band's first two albums. After 4AD reacquired rights to the band's U.S. distribution, they released both as separate CDs. Surfer Rosa was certified gold bythe Recording Industry Association of America in 2005, 17 years after its original release. "Gigantic" was the only single taken from Surfer Rosa. The track and its B-side, "River Euphrates", were rerecorded by Gil Norton at Blackwing Studios in London, early in May 1988. The remixed single was well met by critics. The single failed to sell, and spent just one week at number 93 on the UK Singles Chart. Despite the poor commercial performance of both Surfer Rosa and "Gigantic", Ivo Watts-Russell has said that the response to the album was "times five" compared with Come On Pilgrim. Packagingthe cover in 2005, Francis said, "I just hope people find it tasteful." The cover booklet expands on the theme, and features photographs of the flamenco dancer in several other poses; there are no song lyrics or written content, apart from album credits, in the booklet. Albini's name does not appear on the original record sleeve. The booklet's photographs were taken in one day at a pub opposite the 4AD offices, because, according to Larbalestier, "it was one of the few places that had a raised stage". In a 1988 interview with Joy Press, Black Francis described the concept asof 1988, Surfer Rosa was named one of the year's best albums on English critics' year-end lists. Independent music magazines Melody Maker and Sounds named Surfer Rosa as their album of the year; NME and Record Mirror placed the album 10th and 14th, respectively. However, Surfer Rosa failed to appear on The Village Voices Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics. It also did not appear on any end-of-year list in the United States. A number of music magazines have since positioned Surfer Rosa as one of the quintessential alternative rock records of the 1980s. The album hasappeared on several all-time best album lists, and is consistently placed as one of the best albums of the 1980s in any genre. As of 2015, sales in the United States have exceeded 705,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Legacy Both Surfer Rosa and Steve Albini's production of the album have been influential on alternative rock, and on grunge in particular. Nirvana's Kurt Cobain cited Surfer Rosa as the basis for Nevermind's songwriting. When he first heard the album, Cobain discovered a template for the mix of heavy noise and pop he was aiming to achieve. He remarked in 1992mind," and that she "immediately went to track down Steve Albini." Cobain listed Surfer Rosa as one of the top 50 albums he thought were most influential to Nirvana's sound in his journal in 1993. People connected with the band were impressed by the record. Ivo Watts-Russell recalled: "I remember when I first heard Surfer Rosa thinking, 'I didn't know the Pixies could sound like The Fall.' That was my immediate reaction, in other words, incredibly raw." Gary Smith, who at the time was in a disagreement with the band, admitted he "was really happy that they had made sucha forceful, aggressive, record." Dinosaur Jr.'s J Mascis, comparing the record to the later Pixies albums Bossanova and Trompe le Monde, said he thought that Steve Albini's production "sounded way better than the other ones." In 1991, as Pixies were recording Trompe le Monde, Albini described his impressions of Pixies during the recording of Surfer Rosa to the fan magazine Forced Exposure: "A patchwork pinch loaf from a band who at their top dollar best are blandly entertaining college rock. Their willingness to be 'guided' by their manager, their record company and their producers is unparalleled. Never have I seenfour cows more anxious to be led around by their nose rings." Albini later apologized for his remarks, saying, "to this day I regret having done it. I don't think that I regarded the band as significantly as I should have." Track listing All tracks written by Black Francis, except where noted. Notes For the Surfer Rosa/Come On Pilgrim release, the eight tracks of Come On Pilgrim appear after "Brick is Red". The untitled eleventh track consists of a quiet recording of conversation in the studio. It exists as a separate track on some CD releases but is not listed"Gigantic" (credited as Mrs. John Murphy) Joey Santiago – lead guitar David Lovering – drums Technical Steve Albini – production, audio engineering Simon Larbalestier, Vaughan Oliver – cover image, album booklet imagery Published by Rice 'n' Beans Music BMI Accolades The information regarding accolades attributed to Surfer Rosa is adapted from Acclaimedmusic.net. (*) designates unordered lists. Certifications and sales References Frank, Josh; Ganz, Caryn. "Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Called Pixies". Virgin Books, 2005. . Sisario, Ben. "Doolittle 33⅓." Continuum, 2006. . External links Surfer Rosa (Adobe Flash) at Radio3Net (streamed copy where licensed) Surfer Rosa
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Sergey M. Guriyev (, / Gwyriaty Maraty fyrt Sergej) is a Russian economist, a professor of economics at the Instituts d'études politiques in Paris (Sciences Po). In 2016-19, he was the chief economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. He was a Morgan Stanley Professor of Economics and a Rector at the New Economic School (NES) in Moscow until he resigned on 30 April 2013 and fled to France. He joined NES in 1998 focusing on research and teaching and became a full-time permanent faculty member in 1999. He became the school's Rector in 2004. He was alsoteaching graduate courses in economics of development, microeconomic theory and contract theory. His primary interests are in contract theory, corporate governance, labor mobility, political economics, economics of development and transition. His work has been published in international refereed journals, including American Economic Review, Journal of European Economic Association, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Economic Journal and American Political Science Review. He has been running a monthly column in Forbes Russia (in 2006-2013) and a biweekly column for the leading Russian business daily Vedomosti (in 2003-2013). He has also contributed numerously to columns in the New York Times, Financial Times, Washington Post,Project Syndicate, Moscow Times. Biography Sergei Guriev was born to an ethnic Ossetian family, on 21 October 1971 in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia. He received his straight As high school diploma in 1988 from Kiev Physics Mathematics High School #145. In 1993 he graduated Summa Cum Laude from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology with master's degrees in Economics and Computer Science, and in 1994 received his PhD in Applied Mathematics from The Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1997–98, he visited the Department of Economics at MIT for a one-year post-doctoral placement. In 2002 he received a degree of Doctor ofScience in Economics from The Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2003–2004 he was a Visiting Assistant Professor at the Department of Economics at Princeton University. Departure from Russia Guriev left Russia on 30 April 2013 after a "frightening and humiliating interrogation" as government investigators searched his office and secured 5 years of his emails due to his activities in a panel of economical experts who critically assessed Russian position in the Yukos case. In 2015 Vladimir Putin denied that Guriev's departure "could have been related to any activities of the authorities". Awards In 2001, Sergei Guriev was announced the BestAcademic Manager in Social Sciences by the Science Support Foundation. In 2000 and 2005, he was awarded a Gold Medal for Best Research in Development Economics by the Global Development Network. In 2006, he was selected a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum. In 2009, he received the Second Prize Medal for Research on Foreign Direct Investment and Natural Resources, the Global Development Network (GDN), Ninth Annual Awards Competition. He was also selected into the Top 100 of the President of Russian Federation Reserve of Management Cadre. Professional activities Sergei Guriev is a Research Affiliate at the Centrefor Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London. He is also a Co-Editor of the Economics of Transition, and a Panel Member of the Economic Policy. He is a member of Scientific Council of Bruegel think tank, member of the International Advisory Council of the Peterson Institute for International Council, member of the International Advisory Board of the Blavatnik School of Governance at Oxford University, member of the Strategic Council of the School of Public Affairs at Sciences Po, Paris. He is also the President-Elect of the Society for the Institutional and Organizational Economics (formerly the International Society for the New InstitutionalEconomics). In 2008-12 he was a member of President of Russia's Council on Science, Education and Technology, in 2010-12 he was a member of the President of Russia's Commission on the National Projects, in 2012-13 he was a member of Government of Russia’s Commission on Open Government (2012–13). Board memberships Sergei Guriev has been a board member at Sberbank (2008–14), Agency for Home Mortgage Lending (2008–13), Russian Agricultural Bank (2008–09), Alfa Strakhovanie Insurance Company (2009–13), Russian Venture Company (2009–13, Board Chair in 2012-13), E.ON Russia (2013–14), and of the Dynasty Foundation (2007-2015, Board Chair in 2011-13). In 2009 and 2010he received the Independent Director of the Year prize from Russia's National Association of Independent Directors. In 2010, he received a Certificate in Company Directorship from the Institute of Directors (UK) and was voted the Best Independent Director by the Association of Managers of Russia and the Russian Institute of Directors. In 2015 Guriev became the chief economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Selected publications Guriev, Sergei and Mikhail Klimenko (2015). "Duration and Term Structure of Trade Agreements." Forthcoming, Economic Journal. Guriev, Sergei and Elena Vakulenko (2015). Breaking Out of Poverty Traps: Internal Migration and Interregional Convergencein Russia. Forthcoming, Journal of Comparative Economics. Bhattacharya, Sudipto, and Sergei Guriev (2013). “Control rights over intellectual property”. Journal of Industrial Economics, LXI(3), 564-591. Friebel, Guido, and Sergei Guriev (2012). “Earnings manipulation and incentives in firms.” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 21(4), 1007-1027. Kolotilin, Anton, Sergei Guriev, and Konstantin Sonin (2011). “Determinants of Expropriation in the Oil Sector: A Theory and Evidence from Panel Data.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 27(2), 301-323. Guriev, Sergei, Evgeny Yakovlev and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya (2010). “Interest Group Politics in a Federation.” Journal of Public Economics, 94(9-10), 730-748. Egorov, Georgy, Sergei Guriev, and KonstantinSonin (2009). “Why Resource-Poor Dictators Allow Freer Media: A Theory and Evidence from Panel Data.” American Political Science Review, 103(4), 645-668. Guriev, Sergei, and Dmitriy Kvasov (2009). "Imperfect competition in financial markets and capital structure." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 72(1), 131-146. Guriev, Sergei, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya (2009). “(Un)Happiness in Transition.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(2), 143-68. Guriev, Sergei and Konstantin Sonin. “Dictators and Oligarchs: A Dynamic Theory of Contested Property Rights.” Journal of Public Economics, 93, 1–13. Friebel, Guido, Sergei Guriev, Russell Pittman, Elizaveta Shevyakhova, Anna Tomova (2007). “Railroad Restructuring in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe: OneRussian Capitalism.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 2005, 131-150. Guriev, Sergei (2004). “Red tape and corruption.” Journal of Development Economics 73(2), 489-504. Guriev, Sergei, and Dmitriy Kvasov (2004). “Barter for price discrimination.” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22(3), 329-350. Andrienko, Yuri, and Sergei Guriev (2004). “Determinants of Interregional Labor Mobility in Russia.” Economics of Transition 12(1), 1-27. Guriev, Sergei (2003). “Incomplete Contracts with Cross-Investments.” Contributions to Theoretical Economics, Berkeley Electronic Journals on Theoretical Economics, 3(1), Article 5. Guriev, Sergei, Igor Makarov and Mathilde Maurel (2002). “Debt Overhang and Barter in Russia.” Journal of Comparative Economics, 30(4), 635-656. Guriev, Sergei (2001).
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The Rajamangala National Stadium (; , ) is the national stadium of Thailand. It is part of the Hua Mak Sports Complex, and is located in Hua Mak Subdistrict, Bang Kapi, Bangkok. It officially opened in 1998. Overview It was first used for the 1998 Asian Games in 1998 and 1999 ASEAN University Games in 1999. Since then, it has been used for many international matches and football tournaments. Most notably, for the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. Thai club sides have also used the stadium when playing in continental cup competitions. Krung Thai Bank FC (now Bangkok Glass FC) usedit for AFC Champions League matches, and PEA FC and Chonburi FC have recently used it in the AFC Cup. Aside from football, it has been used for athletics, pop concerts, and political rallies. Rajamangala Stadium was designed by the Faculty of Architecture at Chulalongkorn University. The main material used in construction was concrete and therefore, though the stadium is impressive and imposing, it could never be described as beautiful. However, it is undoubtedly dramatic. The stands rise and fall like a giant, exaggerated version of Huddersfield's Galpharm Stadium. At each end are quite narrow tiers of seats but thesupport congregate. The capacity of the stadium is 65,000. When the stadium first opened the capacity was 80,000. But plastic seats were installed on the North, South and East sides, where previously there had been bare concrete steps, in readiness for the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. The stadium is not served by public transport which has always been a source of frustration for fans. No Bangkok Skytrains, subway-trains or normal overground trains stop anywhere near the stadium (unlike at the National Stadium, which is served by the Skytrain - National Stadium BTS station). However, there are buses and taxis whichpass fairly close to the stadium. In 2010 Airport Rail Link was completed which means that the stadium is served by the City Line at - Ramkhamhaeng Station. From 2022 MRT Orange Line will be open and Rajamangala Stadium Station will be located in front of the stadium. The stadium hosted the 2012 Race of Champions. On 24 November 2013, a crowd estimated at 100,000 joined the rally around Bangkok's Democracy Monument in an anti-government protest, according to the Democrat Party, as pro-government red shirts gathered at Rajamangala Sports Stadium. On 16 September 2019 Sports Authority of Thailand has beenclosed for renovation to be used as one of the stadiums for 2020 AFC U-23 Championship, which Thailand hosted in January 2020 to select 3 teams to compete in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Other stadiums in Bangkok include the Thai Army Sports Stadium, the Thai-Japanese Stadium and Chulalongkorn University Stadium. Performances Past performances Carabao 15 Year Celebrate-Made in Thailand Concert - 25 December 1999 B - Day Concert - 10 December 2004 Bangkok Music Festival - 7 May 2005 Asanee-Wasan Rumrai Concert - 17 November 2007 YAMAHA Presents SMTOWN Live’08 in Bangkok - 7 February 2009 ShowKing M Bangkok - 6 April 2010 Soda Chang Presents Bodyslam Live In Kraam By Air Asia - 27 November 2010 Korean Music Wave in Bangkok presented by JL Starnet - 12 March 2011 Bangkok Summer Festival By Coca-Cola - 7–8 May 2011 MBC Korean Music Wave in Bangkok 2012 - 7 April 2012 Lady Gaga Born This Way Ball Tour - 25 May 2012 M! Countdown Smile-Thailand - 11 October 2012 Race of Champions - 14–16 December 2012 The Voice Thailand "True Sound Real Sound" - 2 March 2013 One Direction On the Road Again Tour - 14 March2015 Coldplay A Head Full of Dreams Tour - 7 April 2017 BTS Love Yourself World Tour - 6-7 April 2019 Ed Sheeran ÷ Tour - 28 April 2019 Upcoming performances Got7 Keep Spinning Tour - 9-10 May 2020 Sports events Tournament results The stadium has hosted several international FIFA matches. Here is a list of the most important international matches held at the Rajamangala Stadium. 1998 Asian Games 2000 AFF Championship 2007 AFC Asian Cup 2008 AFF Championship 2012 AFF Championship 2014 AFF Championship 2016 AFF Championship 2018 AFF Championship 2020 AFC U-23 Championship Gallery See also National Stadium
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The presence of Islam in the Cocos islands is due to the population who were brought to Cocos and Christmas islands as labourers, of Malay and Indonesian origin. In the , 75% of the population were Islamic. The population on the two inhabited islands generally is split between the ethnic Europeans on West Island (est. pop. 120) and the ethnic Malays on Home Island (est. pop. 500). The islands main Muslim organisation is the Islamic Council of Cocos Keeling Islands. The Islands have three mosques, the most recent of which is the West Island Mosque. See also Islam in Australia
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Compton is a historic community in western Webster County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The post office was located at different locations in the area. One site was located along the bank of the James River along Missouri Route B, but a second location is approximately three-quarters of a mile to the southeast above Compton Branch (a tributary of the James). This second location is within or adjacent to the Compton Hollow Conservation Area and about three miles south of Northview. The Compton Limestone geologic formation was named for the community, because the type sections defining the unit were
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for the squadron in 1925. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is the Honorary Air Commodore to the Squadron, with those duties routinely carried out by Air Marshal Sir David Walker. History Formation and early years No. 603 Squadron was formed on 14 October 1925 at RAF Turnhouse as a day bomber unit of the Auxiliary Air Force. Originally equipped with DH.9As and using Avro 504Ks for flying training, the squadron re-equipped with Wapitis in March 1930, these being replaced by Harts in February 1934. On 24 October 1938, No. 603 was redesignated a fighter unit and flew Hinds until theJames J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1981–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. . Hunt, Leslie. Twenty-one Squadrons: History of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, 1925-57. London: Garnstone Press, 1972. . (New edition in 1992 by Crécy Publishing, .) Jefford, C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 1998 (second edition 2001). . Moyes, Philip J.R. Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1964 (Second edition 1976). . Rawlings,
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Claudia Amengual (born 7 January 1969, in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan writer and translator. She is a recipient of the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize. Biography She obtained her degrees in translation and literature at the University of the Republic. In 2003 she obtained a fellowship to study at the Complutense University of Madrid and Menéndez Pelayo International University in Santander, Spain. Member of Bogotá39. Work El lugar inalcanzable, 2018 (novel) Viajar y escribir: nueve destinos que inspiran, 2017 (essay) Una mirada al periodismo cultural: Jaime Clara y "Sábado Sarandí", 2016 (essay) Cartagena, 2015 Rara avis. Vida y
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Henri de Contenson (4 March 1926 – 8 September 2019) was a French archaeologist and was the Research Director at the CNRS, The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research), a research organization funded by France's Ministry of Research. He was born in Paris in March 1926. A student of André Parrot, Raymond Lantier and André Leroi-Gourhan, he was Assistant Director of archaeological digs in the Middle East from 1951 to 1976. The results of his work are documented in numerous publications. He died in September 2019 at the age of 93. Books 1966 - La
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John George Adami (; 12 January 1862 – 29 August 1926) was an English pathologist. He was the head of the pathological department of the Royal Victoria Hospital. From 1892, he was professor of pathology in McGill University, Montreal, Canada. During World War I, he was accorded a temporary commission in the Canadian Army Medical Corps to serve as the official historian for the medical branch. Starting in 1919, he became the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1898 and a Fellow of the Royal Society on 11May 1905. Career He was born in Manchester, England, to John George Adami, hotel proprietor of Ashton-upon-Mersey, and Sarah Ann Ellis Leech. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School, Owens College, Manchester and Christ's College, Cambridge, studying afterwards in Breslau and Paris. He took distinguished honours at Cambridge in natural science, was Darwin prizeman in 1885, M.R.C.S., and was appointed demonstrator of physiology at Cambridge University in 1887. In 1888, he exposed himself to rabies, and published an account of his treatment at the Pasteur Institute's vaccination clinic. Elected fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge in 1891, he soon afterwards becamehead of the pathological department of the Royal Victoria Hospital. From 1892, he was professor of pathology in McGill University, Canada. During World War I he held a temporary commission in the Canadian Army Medical Corps and served on the staff of the overseas Director General Medical Services, London. His principal role was as Assistant Medical Director in charge of statistics and returns. He was also appointed Medical Historical Recorder, and in this capacity charged with compiling a contemporary account of the Canadian medical service during the war, the first volume of which was published in 1918 as The WarStory of the Canadian Army Medical Corps, Vol. 1. The remainder of his work on this subject remains unpublished. His wartime diary is held at the Welcome Library. From 1919, he was Vice-Chancellor of University of Liverpool. He was the author of numerous monographs upon subjects relating to pathology in French, German, English and American medical journals, and of many papers read before medical societies. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1898 and a Fellow of the Royal Society on 11 May 1905. He married Mary Stuart Cantlie in 1894 in Montreal. They hadthree children, of whom 2 survived. Widowed in 1916, he married in 1922 in Liverpool Marie Wilkinson, who outlived him. He died in Liverpool in 1926, and was buried there. The Adami Lectureship in Pathology is given by University of Liverpool. Legacy In 1903 Adami proposed two new terms that would be used to classify the neoplasms: lepidic (from , , meaning a rind, skin, or membrane), applied to characterise the tumors that appeared to be derived from connective tissues, and hylic (from , meaning crude undifferentiated material) for tumors that appeared to be derived from connective tissues. In thepresent day the term lepidic defines the proliferation of tumor cells along the surface of intact alveolar walls without stromal or vascular invasion. Works Inflammation, 1909 Principles of Pathology, with Albert George Nicholls, Lea & Febiger, 1908 Honours and awards 1898: Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1905: Fellow of the Royal Society of London 1914: Fothergillian prize of the London Medical Society 1917: Croonian Lecture at the Royal College of Physicians 1919: awarded CBE References External links "John George Adami: An Appreciation", Southern Medical Journal February 1929 – Volume 22 – Issue 2 – pp. 172–177 "John George
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Richard Martín Lugo Martínez (born 20 June 1992) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays for Serie D club Fidelis Andria as a winger. Club career After playing youth football with Udinese, Lugo moved to Colón de Santa Fe in the 2010 summer. After one and 1/2 seasons in Argentina he returned to his homeland, joining Independiente de Campo Grande. After one season with the side Lugo moved to fellow second-divisioner Sportivo Carapeguá. He was an important midfield unit during his six-month spell, netting three goals in 23 appearances. On 7 September 2013 Lugo moved to Italian Serie B side Bari.A day later he made his division debut, starting in a 2–3 loss at Siena. On 18 December 2018 he was released from his Virtus Francavilla contract by mutual consent. In 2019, he returned home to Paraguay and played for Club Nacional. However, in December 2019, Lugo moved to Italy again and signed with Serie D club Fidelis Andria. References External links Goal.com profile Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:Association football wingers Category:Paraguayan footballers Category:Paraguayan expatriate footballers Category:Serie B players Category:Serie C players Category:Paraguayan Primera División players Category:Independiente F.B.C. footballers Category:F.C. Grosseto S.S.D. players Category:Club Guaraní players Category:Sportivo Carapeguá footballers Category:S.S.C.
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Ralph E. Hay (January 12, 1891July 29, 1944) was the owner of the Canton Bulldogs from 1918 through the 1922 season. However, he is mostly recognized for organizing the first meeting of teams that would later form the American Professional Football Association, later called the National Football League. Car salesman After high school in Canton, Hay, at age 18, went to work as an automobile salesman for a local dealership. After several years selling cars, Hay went into the car business for himself. He set up the Ralph E. Hay Motor Company, and sold Jordan Hupmobiles and Pierce-Arrows. Hay becameone of the most successful automobile dealers in the state of Ohio. Canton Bulldogs In 1918, at the age of 27, Hay acquired the Canton Bulldogs from Jack Cusack, when Cusack decided to return to Oklahoma and compete in the oil industry. Hay had planned to use the team to help promote his car business and pursue his love of football. At the time the Bulldogs were the top team in the unofficial "Ohio League", winning championships in 1916 and 1917. The team did not compete much in 1918 due manning issues related to the United States involvement in Worldon the Bow Federal building in downtown Canton, the site where Ralph's automobile showroom once stood. The plaque recognizes Ralph Hay and Jim Thorpe, and the historical meeting on September 17, 1920 that saw the birth of the NFL. In 1988, the Professional Football Researchers Association established the Ralph Hay Award which is awarded for "lifetime achievement in pro football research and historiography." Family Hay was married to Esther Becker, who had previously served as his secretary. They had one daughter. He died in Canton on July 29, 1944. References Category:1891 births Category:1944 deaths Category:National Football League founders Category:National Football
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{{Infobox university |name= Christ the King College (CKC) |latin_name= |image= |motto= |established= 1954 |founder = Mother Marie Louise De Meester |staff= |principal= |vice_principal = |city= Bo, Sierra Leone |country= Sierra Leone |campus= |students= |colours= |type= Private School |affiliations= University of Sierra Leone |website= http://www.cobauk.cwc.net/ }}Christ the King College''' (CKC) is a secondary school founded in 1954 in Bo, Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone. The school was founded by Mother Marie Louise De Meester in 1954 under the direction of Archbishop Thomas Joseph Brosnahan. The Christ the King College is regarded as one of the most influential schools in West Africa dueto its tradition of hardworking teachers and student leadership. Academically, it is considered the leading secondary school in public examinations such as Basic Education Certificate Educations (B.E.C.E) as well as the higher West African Senior Secondary School Examination Council. CKC primarily serves Sierra Leone, but also has international students from Liberia, Gambia, Ghana and Nigeria. Many prominent politicians and business leaders have graduated from CKC. History Under the direction of Archbishop Thomas Joseph Brosnahan, Christ the King College was founded and built by Roman Catholic missionaries of the Holy Ghost Order led by Reverend Michael Corbett of Mitchelstown, County Cork,Ireland. The school itself was founded by Mother Marie Louise De Meester in 1954. When the first students arrived, Archbishop Joseph Ganda, who was a Deacon at the time, was a French teacher at the school. The original site later became the St Francis Primary School. Because of the school's reputation, it became the favorite of Sierra Leone's most prominent families and it soon saw the children of paramount chiefs and politicians among its student body earning it the moniker "The Royal College of the South". Notable alumni Some notable graduates of CKC include Solomon Berewa Bishop Patrick Daniel Koroma
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Kasauti () is a 1974 Bollywood drama film directed by Aravind Sen. The film stars Hema Malini and Amitabh Bachchan. Synopsis Sapna (Hema Malini), a slum dweller of Bombay seeks refuge from a drunken outburst of her foster father (Satyendra Kapoor). Heera (Ramesh Deo), a playboy smuggler, has an eye on Sapna and wants to have her for his pleasure. Amit (Amitabh Bachchan), an educated taxi driver saves Sapna from the clutches of Heera but soon she is accused of attempting. Sapna is sent to prison for six months. Sapna's mother (Sulochana Latkar) in a fit of anger kills Sapna's
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Ultra Payloaded is the only studio album by American alternative rock band Satellite Party, released on May 29, 2007, on Columbia Records. Co-produced by Perry Farrell and Nuno Bettencourt, the album was preceded by the single, "Wish Upon a Dog Star". The album features contributions from artists such as John Frusciante and Flea of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Fergie of The Black Eyed Peas, former Red Hot Chili Peppers and Pearl Jam drummer Jack Irons, Joy Division/New Order bass guitarist Peter Hook, Porno for Pyros guitarist Peter DiStefano, Hybrid, Thievery Corporation, and finally a pre-recorded vocal performance provided byJim Morrison. There is also a 30 piece orchestra on four of the tracks, led by Harry Gregson-Williams. The full album was leaked on May 22. The album entered the charts at #91 on the Billboard 200 with about 8,000 copies sold. Track listing "Wish Upon a Dogstar" (featuring Hybrid) – 4:45 (Farrell, Healings, Hook, Truman) "Only Love, Let's Celebrate" – 3:50 (Farrell, Ferakis, Zesses) "Hard Life Easy" – 4:13 (Farrell, Frusciante, Flea) "Kinky" (featuring Hybrid) – 4:01 (Farrell, Healings, Hook, Truman) "The Solutionists" (featuring Thievery Corporation) – 4:23 (Farrell, Thievery Corporation) "Awesome" (featuring Hybrid) – 4:26 (Farrell, Healings, Truman)"Mr. Sunshine" – 4:20 (Farrell, The Bee Gees) "Insanity Rains" – 3:28 (Farrell, Bettencourt) "Milky Ave" – 4:28 (Farrell, Flea) "Ultra Payloaded Satellite Party" – 5:27 (Farrell) "Woman in the Window" (featuring Jim Morrison) – 4:00 (Farrell) "Nightbloom" (iTunes bonus track) – 4:12 (Farrell) Personnel Perry Farrell – lead vocals, programming (2, 3, 5, 7, 9-11), string arrangement (3) Nuno Bettencourt – lead guitar (1-10), bass guitar (2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11), keyboards (2, 3, 4, 8, 9), string arrangement (3, 6, 9), organ and piano (11), backing vocals Kevin Figueiredo – drums Etty Lau Farrell – backing vocals
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Ketolira Chengappa was born in 1878 into the noble Ketolira (also called Ketoli) family of Coorg. During the Raj he was made a Commissioner of Coorg first and titled Rao Bahadur. He was later elevated to the position of Chief Commissioner of Coorg, and then titled Diwan Bahadur. In 1947 when India obtained freedom, he hosted the Indian flag in Mercara fort during the ceremony in the then Coorg province. He was the last Chief Commissioner of Coorg and the only one of Indian origin during the Raj, as Englishmen held this position before him. Chengappa's son Captain K. C.
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The Moore Haven Heights Historic District, in Cheyenne, Wyoming, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The listing included 445 contributing buildings. The district runs between Bent Ave. on the west, the eastern side of Central Ave. on the east, W. 8th Ave. on the north, and W. Pershing Boulevard on the south. According to the state of Wyoming, the district was determined "eligible as a distinct and cohesive residential area integrally associated with and representative of the significant trends that contributed to the development of the City of Cheyenne from
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The Elm-Lappwald Nature Park () is a nature park in southwest Lower Saxony, east of Brunswick in central Germany. It is dominated by the forested hill ranges of the Elm, Lappwald and Dorm as well as the region known as the Helmstedt Bowl (Helmstedter Mulde). Geography Location The nature park has an area of about and lies within the districts of Helmstedt and Wolfenbüttel. It is bordered to the west by the city of Brunswick and to the north by Wolfsburg. The A 2 motorway from Hanover to Berlin cuts through the northern part of the park. Within the naturepark are the following hill ranges, landscapes and forests: Elm Lappwald Dorm Elz Eiz Helmstedt Bowl Rieseberg and Rieseberg Moor Kampstüh Forest near Lehre From a landscape point of view the nature park belongs to the Eastphalian Uplands. It is located between the highlands of the Harz to the south and the Lüneburg Heath on the North German Plain to the north. Climatically the park lies in the transition zone between the maritime and continental zones. History Park history The nature park was founded in 1977 thanks to cooperation between the districts of Helmstedt and Wolfenbüttel and the city ofBrunswick. The Elm-Lappwald Nature Park has since become part of the UNESCO and European Geopark of Harz–Brunswick Land–Eastphalia. Geological history The last ice age ( the Weichselian glaciation) around 12,000 years ago deposited a layer of loess up to 3 metres thick in the southern part of the Helmstedt Bowl and in the entire Schöppenstedt Basin, on which fertile black and brown earths were formed. During periods of thaw, the ice sheets created the detailed shape of the land. A thick deciduous vegetation developed in the time after the ice age and covered the whole area of the present-day park.time. In the Middle Ages there were clearly more settlements in the region. Almost half of them were given up again by their owners and fell into ruin, becoming abandoned villages. There is a particularly large number of these in the Lappwald, on the Dorm and on the southwest slope of the Elm. With its good soils, the area continues to be used for arable farming. Since the Middle Ages the towns of Königslutter, Schöningen, Schöppenstedt and Helmstedt, all within the nature park, have been steeped in history. A key factor in the early development of Helmstedt (already established by952) was its location on the trade route from Brunswick to Magdeburg, the present B 1 federal highway. Flora and fauna The Elm is the largest and most attractive beech forest in North Germany. Amongst the varied landscapes of the natur park are large areas of forest, moors, springs, lakes, heathland, salt meadows and chalk downs, rich in plant species. The park is home to over 800 species of plant, of which more than 10% are endangered. Birds, mammals and amphibians also occur in abundance in the nature parks habitats. The Reitling valley in the Elm and the Brunnen valley
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The Chefoo School (), also known as Protestant Collegiate School or China Inland Mission School, was a Christian boarding school established by the China Inland Mission—under James Hudson Taylor—at Chefoo (Yantai), in Shandong province in northern China, in 1880. Its purpose was to provide an education for the children of foreign missionaries and the foreign business and diplomatic communities in China. Principles and practice Chefoo School was operated as a part of the China Inland Mission agency. Staff of the school were required to be full members of the C.I.M.. The curriculum was based on the British education system, heavilylarger than the hospital itself. Mr W L Elliston began to teach the first three pupils in 1881. This included two sons of pioneer missionary Charles Henry Judd. Elliston was also the first Head Master. By 1886, the number of pupils grew to over 100, and there were three departments—the Boys', Girls' and Preparatory School. In 1886 the Boys' and Girls' schools were separated. The children of China Inland Mission workers alone numbered over 200 children by 1894. In 1895 a Preparatory School for children aged 5–10 was opened in premises owned by the Mission at Tong-Hsin, three miles away.In 1896 a new Boys' School was built at Chefoo, and enlargements made to the Girls' School, which was opened in 1898. By early 1900, the Preparatory school had moved closer to the main school once more. From 1909-1915, another Preparatory school operated in Lushan (Kuling), Jiangxi, in central China. Under Head Master Pat Bruce, there were some changes at Chefoo such as the introduction of co-education in 1934; the construction of a new teaching and preparatory bloc in the same year; the creation of the Chefoo Orchestra in 1930; the teaching of Chinese Studies; and the beginning of aGirl Guides company. In 1936, Chefoo School adopted the Chinese dolphin as its crest. The Second World War displaces the school In 1937 Japan invaded China and Japanese Army entered Chefoo in February 1938. British and American citizens were considered as 'neutrals' at first. The school routine was not disrupted very much. Then came December 7, 1941, with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Bruce was soon arrested and the Japanese Army took control of the school property. In November 1942, staff and remaining students were interned at the Temple Hill Japanese Internment Camp. In summer 1943, they were movedthe guards, they made a low drop from a B-24 into a nearby cornfield. A Salvation Army band began playing "The Star-Spangled Banner" and the prisoners hoisted their rescuers onto their shoulders. Suddenly, unexpectedly, the war was over for them, and they were free. Prisoner Mary Previte recalled. History after WWII After the war, the Communist forces occupied north China and the school never returned to Chefoo. During the war, parts of Chefoo School were temporarily opened at Leshan (Kiating) (1941–1944), Kalimpong, India (1944–1946) and Shanghai (1946–1947). In 1947, the Mission purchased the Kuling American School and students and staffgradually returned. By the first summer, there were 126 students. By May 1949, Communist forces had occupied Kuling. The school continued under their observation until 1951. In 1951 Chefoo School in China ceased to exist. The China Inland Mission decided to withdraw completely from China, a “reluctant exodus”. Staff and students of Chefoo School withdrew to Hong Kong between February and April 1951, where missionary parents waited for their children. Following the redeployment of missionaries throughout east Asia, new Chefoo schools were established in Japan (1951–1998), Malaya/Malaysia (1952–2001), Thailand (1952–1954), Taiwan (1954–1961), and the Philippines (1956–1981). Chefoo School Malaysia, whichassociation has North American, Australian and New Zealand branches. The president (in 1998) was James Hudson Taylor III. A magazine entitled Chefoo (organ of the Chefoo Schools Association) was first published in 1908, and still continues. Notable alumni Victoria Clare Attisha (née Emslie), first western female physician in Iraq from 1930 to 1970 Alfred James Broomhall, missionary to China, historian and author Howard A. Hatton-linguist, translator and author, Thailand Bible Society, American Bible Society. Luther Carrington Goodrich. Sinologist and Columbia University professor. Martyn King, youngest pilot killed in the Battle of Britain . Henry Luce, American publisher Frank Newman (EdwardFrancis Southan Newman, 1873-1937), of the Imperial Post Office, China. Mary Previte, author of Hungry Ghosts, served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 6th legislative district from 1998 to 2006. Ida Pruitt, social worker and author Paul Thompson (sinologist), Sinologist Thornton Wilder, American playwright and novelist J. Dudley Woodberry, professor and scholar of Islam and Christian missions Elspeth MacKenzie, born Walker Barrie Tynemouth 62-64 Author See also Norman Howard Cliff Further reading G Martin, Chefoo School, 1881-1951 (Merlin Books Ltd, Devon, 1990). Rhonda Anne Semple, Missionary Women: Gender, Professionalism and the Victorian Idea of Christian Mission (Boydell, 2003),chapter 5. Pigtails, Petticoats and the Old School Tie'''', by Sheila Miller. Available from OMF books (history of Chefoo School produced for the centenary in 1981)I went to school in the jungle'', by Sheila Miller (fictionalized account of life at Chefoo School, Malaysia, circa 1970) Historical Bibliography of the China Inland Mission Thompson, Larry Clinton, "Missionary Children in China: The Chefoo School and a Japanese Prison" External links Chefoo Schools Association publications (SOAS University of London Digital Collections) Christian biography resources Weihsien Paintings Category:Private schools in China Category:Evangelical parachurch organizations Category:Christian missions in China Category:Educational institutions established in 1880 Category:History
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M. G. Sasi (born 17 January 1964) is a film and drama director from Kerala. His short film Kanavumalayilekku received National Film Award for Best Educational Film in 2002. His first feature film Atayalangal (2008) received the Kerala State Film Awards for Best Film and Best Direction in 2007. Feature films Director Atayalangal (2007) Janaki (2010) Actor Films Sadayam (1992) Venalkkinavukal (1992) Guru (1997) Mangamma (1997)... Velayudhan Kaliyattam (1997) Sneham (1998) Susanna (2000) Santham (2000) Ritu (2009)... Hari Varma Oru Indian Pranayakadha (2013)... Dr.Sunil Kumar Pithavum Kanyakayum (2013)... Balachandran Aatakadha (2013)... Parameshwaran Njangalude Veettile Athidhikal (2014) Ennum Eppozhum (2015) Utopiayile
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The Saliban (Salivan) languages, also known as Piaroa–Saliban or Saliba–Piaroan, are a small proposed language family of the middle Orinoco Basin, which forms an independent island within an area of Venezuela and Colombia (northern llanos) dominated by peoples of Carib and Arawakan affiliation. Family division A connection between the two primary divisions, Piaroan and Sáliba, is widely assumed but has not been demonstrated. In addition, Hotï is "probably" related. Piaroan is a language or dialect cluster, consisting of Piaroa itself, Wirö (or "Maco"), and the extinct Ature. The Piaroa and Wirö both consider their languages to be distinct: they can
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Tommy Tam Fu-Wing (born 19 August 1946), better known by his stage name Ti Lung, is a Hong Kong actor, known for his numerous starring roles in a string of Shaw Brothers Studio's films, particularly The Blood Brothers,The Avenging Eagle, Clans of Intrigue, The Duel, The Sentimental Swordsman and its sequel, as well as the classic John Woo film A Better Tomorrow. Background Tam Fu Wing (Ti Lung) was born on 19 August in 1946 in Guangdong Province, China into a family with 4 members including himself, his parents and a younger sister. When he was 4 years old, thethat role, Ti Lung's next most recognizable appearance would be with Jackie Chan in Drunken Master II, in which he co-starred as Wong Kei-Ying, father of Chinese folk hero Wong Fei Hung. In 1994-95, Ti Lung lead-starred as Bao Zheng in a Hong Kong version of the Justice Pao TV series for TVB. At the time this series was playing on Hong Kong television, many fans in Mainland China and Hong Kong favorably compared Ti Lung/TVB's Bao Zheng with Jin Chao-chun/Mainland China's Bao Zheng. Ti Lung also worked with Andy Lau in Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon as theand 'Lung' meaning dragon. Personal life Ti Lung married beauty queen and actress Tao Man Ming in 1975. In 1980, Tao gave birth to a son, Shaun Tam Chun-yin (谭俊彦). He is also the uncle of Jerry Lamb and Jan Lamb. Filmography Television Representative Awards References External links Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:Hong Kong male film actors Category:Shaw Brothers Studio Category:Hong Kong people of Xinhuiese descent Category:Hong Kong male television actors Category:People from Xinhui District Category:Hong Kong kung fu practitioners Category:Sportspeople from Guangdong Category:Male actors from Guangdong Category:20th-century Hong Kong male actors Category:21st-century Hong Kong male actors Category:Chinese male film
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Moussa Kalilou Djitté (born 4 October 1999) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a forward for the French club Grenoble. Professional career On 21 June 2018, Djitté transferred from the Senegalese club ASC Niarry Tally to FC Sion in Switzerland. He made his professional debut in a 2–1 Swiss Super League loss to FC Lugano on 22 July 2018. ON 17 June 2019, signed with Grenoble Foot 38 in the French Ligue 2. International career Djitté represented the Senegal U20 at the 2017 Jeux de la Francophonie and scored in his side's debut. He also represented Senegal at
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Julian Reginald Day is a published author, IT computer, project manager and charity fundraiser. Career Day studied Business Studies at Plymouth Polytechnic (UK) and in 1978, Day entered the computer industry as a trainee sales and support executive with Burroughs in England. Since migrating to Australia in 1986, Day has been an IT consultant to large private and public organisations. Day has presented papers at conferences in the UK, United States, New Zealand, Australia, and throughout Asia. He was the Editor of the Australian magazine SoftWare in 1995-1996 and has written many published articles for a variety of IT andbusiness publications. Day is the current Managing Director of Consensus Group and is a member of the Australian Computer Society. After surviving cancer three times as a child, Day founded Waterline Challenge. He conceived the idea while he walked consecutive sections of the New South Wales Coast over the last 12 years, raising funds for various charities. Published works Walking on a BOB or TWO (2014) Judge of Global Enterprise Challenge (2012) One One Five (2011), co-authored with Alan Manly and Graeme Brosnan. Success of Agile Environment in Complex Projects (2010), co-authored with Dr. Abbass Ghanbary Software Innovation in Australia
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Relations:[["Julian R. Day", "country of citizenship", "Australia"]] |
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Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice. He is well-regarded for his cultural influence on 20th-century film. Brando was also an activist for many causes, notably the civil rights movement and various Native American movements. Having studied with Stella Adler in the 1940s, he is credited with being one of the first actors to bring the Stanislavski system of acting and method acting, derived from the Stanislavski system, to mainstream audiences. He initially gainedacclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire, a role that he originated successfully on Broadway. He received further praise, and an Academy Award, for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront, and his portrayal of the rebellious motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture. Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata! (1952); Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare'sJulius Caesar; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara (1957), an adaptation of James Michener's 1954 novel. The 1960s saw Brando's career take a commercial and critical downturn. He directed and starred in the cult western One-Eyed Jacks, a critical and commercial flop, after which he delivered a series of notable box-office failures, beginning with Mutiny on the Bounty (1962). After ten years of underachieving, he agreed to do a screen test as Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (1972). He got the part, and subsequently won his second Academy Award in a performance critics consider amonghis greatest. The Godfather was one of the most commercially successful films of all time, and alongside his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris, Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars. After a hiatus in the early 1970s, Brando was generally content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles, such as in Superman (1978), as Colonel Kurtz in Apocalypse Now (1979), and in The Formula (1980), before taking a nine-year break from film. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million ($ million in inflation-adjusted dollars)and 11.75% of the gross profits for 13 days' work on Superman. Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950. He was one of only six actors named in 1999 by Time magazine in its list of the 100 Most Important People of the Century. In this list, Time also designated Brando as the "Actor of the Century". Early life Brando was born on April 3, 1924, in Omaha, Nebraska, to Marlon Brando (1895–1965), a pesticide and chemical feed manufacturer, and Dorothy JuliaPennebaker (1897–1954). Brando had two older sisters, Jocelyn Brando (1919–2005) and Frances (1922–1994). His ancestry was German, Dutch, English, and Irish. His patrilineal immigrant ancestor, Johann Wilhelm Brandau, arrived in New York in the early 1700s from the Palatinate in Germany. He is also a descendant of Louis DuBois, a French Huguenot, who arrived in New York around 1660. Brando was raised a Christian Scientist. His mother, known as Dodie, was unconventional for her time; she smoked, wore pants and drove cars. An actress herself and a theater administrator, she helped Henry Fonda begin his acting career. However, she wasAround 1930, Brando's parents moved to Evanston, Illinois, when his father's work took him to Chicago, but separated in 1935 when Brando was 11 years old. His mother took the three children to Santa Ana, California, where they lived with her mother. By 1937, Brando's parents reconciled, and by the next year left Evanston and moved together to a farm in Libertyville, Illinois, a small town north of Chicago. Between 1939 and 1941, he worked as an usher at the town's only movie theater, The Liberty. Brando, whose childhood nickname was "Bud", was a mimic from his youth. He developedappeared on Broadway, then films and television. Brando's sister Frances left college in California to study art in New York. Brando had been held back a year in school and was later expelled from Libertyville High School for riding his motorcycle through the corridors. He was sent to Shattuck Military Academy in Minnesota, where his father had studied before him. Brando exceled at theater and did well in the school. In his final year (1943), he was put on probation for being insubordinate to a visiting army colonel during maneuvers. He was confined to his room, but sneaked into townstudying at the American Theatre Wing Professional School, part of the Dramatic Workshop of the New School, with influential German director Erwin Piscator. In a 1988 documentary, Marlon Brando: The Wild One, Brando's sister Jocelyn remembered, "He was in a school play and enjoyed it ... So he decided he would go to New York and study acting because that was the only thing he had enjoyed. That was when he was 18." In the A&E Biography episode on Brando, George Englund said Brando fell into acting in New York because "he was accepted there. He wasn't criticized. It wasthe first time in his life that he heard good things about himself." He spent his first few months in New York sleeping on friends' couches. For a time he lived with Roy Somlyo, who later became a four time Emmy winning Broadway producer. Brando was an avid student and proponent of Stella Adler, from whom he learned the techniques of the Stanislavski system. This technique encouraged the actor to explore both internal and external aspects to fully realize the character being portrayed. Brando's remarkable insight and sense of realism were evident early on. Adler used to recount that whenteaching Brando, she had instructed the class to act like chickens, and added that a nuclear bomb was about to fall on them. Most of the class clucked and ran around wildly, but Brando sat calmly and pretended to lay an egg. Asked by Adler why he had chosen to react this way, he said, "I'm a chicken—what do I know about bombs?" Despite being commonly regarded as a method actor, Brando disagreed. He claimed to have abhorred Lee Strasberg's teachings: Brando was the first to bring a natural approach to acting on film. According to Dustin Hoffman in hisonline Masterclass, Brando would often talk to camera men and fellow actors about their weekend even after the director would call action. Once Brando felt he could deliver the dialogue as natural as that conversation he would start the dialogue. In his 2015 documentary, Listen To Me Marlon, he said before that actors were like breakfast cereals, meaning they were predictable. Critics would later say this was Brando being difficult, but actors who worked opposite would say it was just all part of his technique. Career Early career: 1944–1951 Brando used his Stanislavski System skills for his first summer stockroles in Sayville, New York, on Long Island. Brando established a pattern of erratic, insubordinate behavior in the few shows he had been in. His behavior had him kicked out of the cast of the New School's production in Sayville, but he was soon afterwards discovered in a locally produced play there. Then, in 1944, he made it to Broadway in the bittersweet drama I Remember Mama, playing the son of Mady Christians. The Lunts wanted Brando to play the role of Alfred Lunt's son in O Mistress Mine, and Lunt even coached him for his audition, but Brando's readingto 1-A. He had had surgery on his trick knee, and it was no longer physically debilitating enough to incur exclusion from the draft. When Brando reported to the induction center, he answered a questionnaire by saying his race was "human", his color was "Seasonal-oyster white to beige", and he told an Army doctor that he was psychoneurotic. When the draft board referred him to a psychiatrist, Brando explained that he had been expelled from military school and had severe problems with authority. Coincidentally, the psychiatrist knew a doctor friend of Brando. Brando avoided military service during the Korean War.Early in his career, Brando began using cue cards instead of memorizing his lines. Despite the objections of several of the film directors he worked with, Brando felt that this helped bring realism and spontaneity to his performances. He felt otherwise he would appear to be reciting a writer's speech. In the TV documentary The Making of Superman: The Movie, Brando explained: However, some thought Brando used the cards out of laziness or an inability to memorize his lines. Once on The Godfather set, Brando was asked why he wanted his lines printed out. He responded, "Because I can read20th century, and death. The film was directed by Elia Kazan and co-starred Anthony Quinn. In the biopic Marlon Brando: The Wild One, Sam Shaw says, "Secretly, before the picture started, he went to Mexico to the very town where Zapata lived and was born in and it was there that he studied the speech patterns of people, their behavior, movement." Most critics focused on the actor rather than the film, with Time and Newsweek publishing rave reviews. Years later, in his autobiography, Brando remarked: "Tony Quinn, whom I admired professionally and liked personally, played my brother, but he wasyears later, after comparing notes, that Brando and Quinn realized the deception. Brando's next film, Julius Caesar (1953), received highly favorable reviews. Brando portrayed Mark Antony. While most acknowledged Brando's talent, some critics felt Brando's "mumbling" and other idiosyncrasies betrayed a lack of acting fundamentals and, when his casting was announced, many remained dubious about his prospects for success. Directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and co-starring British stage actor John Gielgud, Brando delivered an impressive performance, especially during Antony's noted "Friends, Romans, countrymen ..." speech. Gielgud was so impressed that he offered Brando a full season at the Hammersmith Theatre,an offer he declined. In his biography on the actor, Stefan Kanfer writes, "Marlon's autobiography devotes one line to his work on that film: Among all those British professionals, 'for me to walk onto a movie set and play Mark Anthony was asinine'—yet another example of his persistent self-denigration, and wholly incorrect." Kanfer adds that after a screening of the film, director John Huston commented, "Christ! It was like a furnace door opening—the heat came off the screen. I don't know another actor who could do that." During the filming of Julius Caesar, Brando learned that Elia Kazan had cooperatedwith congressional investigators, naming a whole string of "subversives" to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). By all accounts, Brando was upset by his mentor's decision, but he worked with him again in On The Waterfront. "None of us is perfect," he later wrote in his memoir, "and I think that Gadg has done injury to others, but mostly to himself." In 1953, Brando also starred in The Wild One, riding his own Triumph Thunderbird 6T motorcycle. Triumph's importers were ambivalent at the exposure, as the subject matter was rowdy motorcycle gangs taking over a small town. The filmskyrocketed. Reflecting on the movie in his autobiography, Brando concluded that it had not aged very well but said: Later that same year, Brando starred in Lee Falk's production of George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man in Boston. Falk was proud to tell people that Brando turned down an offer of $10,000 per week on Broadway, in favor of working in his production in Boston, for less than $500 per week. On the Waterfront In 1954, Brando starred in On the Waterfront, a crime drama film about union violence and corruption among longshoremen. The film was directed by Eliato anybody.'" Brando won the Oscar for his role as Irish-American stevedore Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront. His performance, spurred on by his rapport with Eva Marie Saint and Kazan's direction, was praised as a tour de force. For the scene in which Terry laments his failings, saying I coulda been a contender, he convinced Kazan that the scripted scene was unrealistic. Schulberg's script had Brando acting the entire scene with his character being held at gunpoint by his brother Charlie, played by Rod Steiger. Brando insisted on gently pushing away the gun, saying that Terry would never believethat his brother would pull the trigger and doubting that he could continue his speech while fearing a gun on him. Kazan let Brando improvise and later expressed deep admiration for Brando's instinctive understanding, saying: Upon its release, On the Waterfront received glowing reviews from critics and was a commercial success, earning an estimated $4.2 million in rentals at the North American box office in 1954. In his July 29, 1954, review, The New York Times critic A. H. Weiler praised the film, calling it "an uncommonly powerful, exciting, and imaginative use of the screen by gifted professionals." Film criticRoger Ebert lauded the film, stating that Brando and Kazan changed acting in American films forever and added it to his "Great Movies" list. In his autobiography, Brando was typically dismissive of his performance: "On the day Gadg showed me the complete picture, I was so depressed by my performance I got up and left the screening room ... I thought I was a huge failure." After Brando won the Academy Award for Best Actor, the statue was stolen. Much later, it turned up at a London auction house, which contacted the actor and informed him of its whereabouts. Boxoffice successes and directorial debut: 1954–1959 Following On the Waterfront, Brando remained a top box office draw, but critics increasingly felt his performances were half-hearted, lacking the intensity and commitment found in his earlier work, especially in his work with Kazan. He portrayed Napoleon in the 1954 film Désirée. According to co-star Jean Simmons, Brando's contract forced him to star in the movie. He put little effort into the role, claiming he didn't like the script, and later dismissed the entire movie as "superficial and dismal". Brando was especially contemptuous of director Henry Koster. Brando and Simmons were paired togetheragain in the film adaptation of the musical Guys and Dolls (1955). Guys and Dolls would be Brando's first and last musical role. Time found the picture "false to the original in its feeling", remarking that Brando "sings in a faraway tenor that sometimes tends to be flat." Appearing in Edward Murrow's Person to Person interview in early 1955, he admitted to having problems with his singing voice, which he called "pretty terrible." In the 1965 documentary Meet Marlon Brando, he revealed that the final product heard in the movie was a result of countless singing takes being cut intoone and later joked, "I couldn't hit a note with a baseball bat; some notes I missed by extraordinary margins ... They sewed my words together on one song so tightly that when I mouthed it in front of the camera, I nearly asphyxiated myself". Relations between Brando and costar Frank Sinatra were also frosty, with Stefan Kanfer observing: "The two men were diametrical opposites: Marlon required multiple takes; Frank detested repeating himself." Upon their first meeting Sinatra reportedly scoffed, "Don't give me any of that Actors Studio shit." Brando later quipped, "Frank is the kind of guy, when hedies, he's going to heaven and give God a hard time for making him bald." Frank Sinatra called Brando "the world's most overrated actor", and referred to him as "mumbles". The film was commercially though not critically successful, costing $5.5 million to make and grossing $13 million. Brando played Sakini, a Japanese interpreter for the U.S. Army in postwar Japan, in The Teahouse of the August Moon (1956). Pauline Kael was not particularly impressed by the movie, but noted "Marlon Brando starved himself to play the pixie interpreter Sakini, and he looks as if he's enjoying the stunt—talking with amad accent, grinning boyishly, bending forward, and doing tricky movements with his legs. He's harmlessly genial (and he is certainly missed when he's offscreen), though the fey, roguish role doesn't allow him to do what he's great at and it's possible that he's less effective in it than a lesser actor might have been." In Sayonara (1957) he appeared as a United States Air Force officer. Newsweek found the film a "dull tale of the meeting of the twain", but it was nevertheless a box-office success. According to Stefan Kanfer's biography of the actor, Brando's manager Jay Kanter negotiated athat contained "social value that would improve the world." The name was a tribute in honor of his mother, who had died in 1954. By all accounts, Brando was devastated by her death, with biographer Peter Manso telling A&E's Biography, "She was the one who could give him approval like no one else could and, after his mother died, it seems that Marlon stops caring." Brando appointed his father to run Pennebaker. In the same A&E special, George Englund claims that Brando gave his father the job because "it gave Marlon a chance to take shots at him, to demeanthe decade by appearing in The Fugitive Kind (1960) opposite Anna Magnani. The film was based on another play by Tennessee Williams but was hardly the success A Streetcar Named Desire had been, with the Los Angeles Times labeling Williams's personae "psychologically sick or just plain ugly" and The New Yorker calling it a "cornpone melodrama". One-Eyed Jacks and Mutiny on the Bounty In 1961, Brando made his directorial debut in the western One-Eyed Jacks. The picture was originally directed by Stanley Kubrick, but he was fired early in the production. Paramount then made Brando the director. Brando portrays theI'd had everyone lie except Karl Malden. The studio cut the movie to pieces and made him a liar, too. By then, I was bored with the whole project and walked away from it." One-Eyed Jacks was poorly reviewed by critics. While the film did solid business, it ran so over budget that it lost money. Brando's revulsion with the film industry reportedly boiled over on the set of his next film, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's remake of Mutiny on the Bounty, which was filmed in Tahiti. The actor was accused of deliberately sabotaging nearly every aspect of the production. On June 16,1962, The Saturday Evening Post ran an article by Bill Davidson with the headline "Six million dollars down the drain: the mutiny of Marlon Brando". Mutiny director Lewis Milestone claimed that the executives "deserve what they get when they give a ham actor, a petulant child, complete control over an expensive picture." Mutiny on the Bounty nearly capsized MGM and, while the project had indeed been hampered with delays other than Brando's behavior, the accusations would dog the actor for years as studios began to fear Brando's difficult reputation. Critics also began taking note of his fluctuating weight. Box officewas strong enough not to take the crap", but now Brando and others like him had become "buffoons, shamelessly, pathetically mocking their public reputations." In an earlier review of The Appaloosa in 1966, Kael wrote that the actor was "trapped in another dog of a movie ... Not for the first time, Mr. Brando gives us a heavy-lidded, adenoidally openmouthed caricature of the inarticulate, stalwart loner." Although he feigned indifference, Brando was hurt by the critical mauling, admitting in the 2015 film Listen to Me Marlon, "They can hit you every day and you have no way of fighting back.and how "we nearly killed each other." Loosely based on events in the history of Guadeloupe, the film got a hostile reception from critics. In 1971, Michael Winner directed him in the British horror film The Nightcomers with Stephanie Beacham, Thora Hird, Harry Andrews and Anna Palk. It is a prequel to The Turn of the Screw, which later became the 1961 film The Innocents. Brando's performance earned him a nomination for a Best Actor BAFTA, but the film bombed at the box office. The Godfather and Last Tango in Paris During the 1970s, Brando was considered "unbankable". Critics werebecoming increasingly dismissive of his work and he had not appeared in a box office hit since The Young Lions in 1958, the last year he had ranked as one of the Top Ten Box Office Stars and the year of his last Academy Award nomination, for Sayonara. Brando's performance as Vito Corleone, the "Don," in The Godfather (1972), Francis Ford Coppola's adaptation of Mario Puzo's 1969 bestselling novel of the same name, was a career turning point, putting him back in the Top Ten and winning him his second Best Actor Oscar. Paramount production chief Robert Evans, who hadgiven Puzo an advance to write The Godfather so that Paramount would own the film rights, hired Coppola after many major directors had turned the film down. Evans wanted an Italian-American director who could provide the film with cultural authenticity. Coppola also came cheap. Evans was conscious of the fact that Paramount's last Mafia film, The Brotherhood (1968) had been a box office bomb, and he believed it was partly due to the fact that the director, Martin Ritt, and the star, Kirk Douglas, were Jews and the film lacked an authentic Italian flavor. The studio originally intended the filmto be a low-budget production set in contemporary times without any major actors, but the phenomenal success of the novel gave Evans the clout to turn The Godfather into a prestige picture. Coppola had developed a list of actors for all the roles, and his list of potential Dons included the Oscar-winning Italian-American Ernest Borgnine, the Italian-American Frank de Kova (best known for playing Chief Wild Eagle on the TV sitcom F-Troop), John Marley (a Best Supporting Oscar-nominee for Paramount's 1970 hit film Love Story who was cast as the film producer Jack Woltz in the picture), the Italian-American RichardConte (who was cast as Don Corleone's deadly rival Don Emilio Barzini), and Italian film producer Carlo Ponti. Coppola admitted in a 1975 interview, "We finally figured we had to lure the best actor in the world. It was that simple. That boiled down to Laurence Olivier or Marlon Brando, who are the greatest actors in the world." The holographic copy of Coppola's cast list shows Brando's name underlined. Evans told Coppola that he had been thinking of Brando for the part two years earlier, and Puzo had imagined Brando in the part when he wrote the novel and hadactually written to him about the part, so Coppola and Evans narrowed it down to Brando. (Ironically, Olivier would compete with Brando for the Best Actor Oscar for his part in Sleuth. He bested Brando at the 1972 New York Film Critics Circle Awards.) Albert S. Ruddy, whom Paramount assigned to produce the film, agreed with the choice of Brando. However, Paramount studio heads were opposed to casting Brando due to his reputation for difficulty and his long string of box office flops. Brando also had One-Eyed Jacks working against him, a troubled production that lost money for Paramount whenit was released in 1961. Paramount Pictures President Stanley Jaffe told an exasperated Coppola, "As long as I'm president of this studio, Marlon Brando will not be in this picture, and I will no longer allow you to discuss it." Jaffe eventually set three conditions for the casting of Brando: That he would have to take a fee far below what he typically received; he'd have to agree to accept financial responsibility for any production delays his behavior cost; and he had to submit to a screen test. Coppola convinced Brando to a videotaped "make-up" test, in which Brando didthe Academy of Achievement website, Coppola insisted, "The Godfather was a very unappreciated movie when we were making it. They were very unhappy with it. They didn't like the cast. They didn't like the way I was shooting it. I was always on the verge of getting fired." When word of this reached Brando, he threatened to walk off the picture, writing in his memoir, "I strongly believe that directors are entitled to independence and freedom to realize their vision, though Francis left the characterizations in our hands and we had to figure out what to do." In a 2010television interview with Larry King, Al Pacino also talked about how Brando's support helped him keep the role of Michael Corleone in the movie—despite the fact Coppola wanted to fire him. Brando was on his best behavior during filming, buoyed by a cast that included Pacino, Robert Duvall, James Caan, and Diane Keaton. In the Vanity Fair article "The Godfather Wars", Mark Seal writes, "With the actors, as in the movie, Brando served as the head of the family. He broke the ice by toasting the group with a glass of wine." 'When we were young, Brando was like themuch power and unquestioned authority, I thought it would be an interesting contrast to play him as a gentle man, unlike Al Capone, who beat up people with baseball bats." Duvall later marveled to A&E's Biography, "He minimized the sense of beginning. In other words he, like, deemphasized the word action. He would go in front of that camera just like he was before. Cut! It was all the same. There was really no beginning. I learned a lot from watching that." Brando won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, but he declined it, becoming the secondactor to refuse a Best Actor award (after George C. Scott for Patton). He boycotted the award ceremony, instead sending indigenous American rights activist Sacheen Littlefeather, who appeared in full Apache attire, to state Brando's reasons, which were based on his objection to the depiction of indigenous Americans by Hollywood and television. The actor followed The Godfather with Bernardo Bertolucci's 1972 film Last Tango in Paris opposite Maria Schneider, but Brando's highly noted performance threatened to be overshadowed by an uproar over the sexual content of the film. Brando portrays a recent American widower named Paul, who begins an anonymousconfessed in his autobiography, "To this day I can't say what Last Tango in Paris was about," and added the film "required me to do a lot of emotional arm wrestling with myself, and when it was finished, I decided that I wasn't ever again going to destroy myself emotionally to make a movie". In 1973, Brando was devastated by the death of his childhood best friend Wally Cox. Brando slept in Cox's pajamas and wrenched his ashes from his widow. She was going to sue for their return, but finally said "I think Marlon needs the ashes more thanI do." Late 1970s In 1976, Brando appeared in The Missouri Breaks with his friend Jack Nicholson. The movie also reunited the actor with director Arthur Penn. As biographer Stefan Kanfer describes, Penn had difficulty controlling Brando, who seemed intent on going over the top with his border-ruffian-turned-contract-killer Robert E. Lee Clayton: "Marlon made him a cross-dressing psychopath. Absent for the first hour of the movie, Clayton enters on horseback, dangling upside down, caparisoned in white buckskin, Littlefeather-style. He speaks in an Irish accent for no apparent reason. Over the next hour, also for no apparent reason, Clayton assumes theintonation of a British upper-class twit and an elderly frontier woman, complete with a granny dress and matching bonnet. Penn, who believed in letting actors do their thing, indulged Marlon all the way." Critics were unkind, with The Observer calling Brando's performance "one of the most extravagant displays of grandedamerie since Sarah Bernhardt", while The Sun complained, "Marlon Brando at fifty-two has the sloppy belly of a sixty-two-year-old, the white hair of a seventy-two-year-old, and the lack of discipline of a precocious twelve-year-old." However, Kanfer noted: "Even though his late work was met with disapproval, a re-examination shows that often,in the middle of the most pedestrian scene, there would be a sudden, luminous occurrence, a flash of the old Marlon that showed how capable he remained." In 1978, Brando narrated the English version of Raoni, a French-Belgian documentary film directed by Jean-Pierre Dutilleux and Luiz Carlos Saldanha that focused on the life of Raoni Metuktire and issues surrounding the survival of the indigenous Indian tribes of north central Brazil. Brando portrayed Superman's father Jor-El in the 1978 film Superman. He agreed to the role only on assurance that he would be paid a large sum for what amounted tohis performance. Brando starred as Colonel Walter E. Kurtz in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam epic Apocalypse Now (1979). He plays a highly decorated U.S. Army Special Forces officer who goes renegade, running his own operation based in Cambodia and is feared by the U.S. military as much as the Vietnamese. Brando was paid $1 million a week for 3 weeks work. The film drew attention for its lengthy and troubled production, as Eleanor Coppola's documentary Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse documents: Brando showed up on the set overweight, Martin Sheen suffered a heart attack, and severe weather destroyed severalfat, he was very, very shy about it ... He was very, very adamant about how he didn't want to portray himself that way." Brando admitted to Coppola that he had not read the book, Heart of Darkness, as the director had asked him to, and the pair spent days exploring the story and the character of Kurtz, much to the actor's financial benefit, according to producer Fred Roos: "The clock was ticking on this deal he had and we had to finish him within three weeks or we'd go into this very expensive overage ... And Francis and Marlonwould be talking about the character and whole days would go by. And this is at Marlon's urging—and yet he's getting paid for it." Upon release, Apocalypse Now earned critical acclaim, as did Brando's performance. His whispering of Kurtz's final words "The horror! The horror!", has become particularly famous. Roger Ebert, writing in the Chicago Sun-Times, defended the movie's controversial denouement, opining that the ending, "with Brando's fuzzy, brooding monologues and the final violence, feels much more satisfactory than any conventional ending possibly could." Later work After appearing as oil tycoon Adam Steiffel in 1980's The Formula, which was poorlyfor Best Supporting Actor and winning the Best Actor Award at the Tokyo Film Festival. Brando scored enthusiastic reviews for his caricature of his Vito Corleone role as Carmine Sabatini in 1990's The Freshman. In his original review, Roger Ebert wrote, "There have been a lot of movies where stars have repeated the triumphs of their parts—but has any star ever done it more triumphantly than Marlon Brando does in The Freshman?" Variety also praised Brando's performance as Sabatini and noted, "Marlon Brando's sublime comedy performance elevates The Freshman from screwball comedy to a quirky niche in film history." Brandoalso starred alongside his friend Johnny Depp in the box office hit Don Juan DeMarco (1995) and in Depp's controversial The Brave (1997), which was never released in the United States. Later performances, such as his appearance in Christopher Columbus: The Discovery (1992) (for which he was nominated for a Raspberry as "Worst Supporting Actor"), The Island of Dr. Moreau (in which he won a "Worst Supporting Actor" Raspberry) (1996), and his barely recognizable appearance in Free Money (1998), resulted in some of the worst reviews of his career. The Island of Dr. Moreau screenwriter Ron Hutchinson would later sayfamily life, and his obesity attracted more attention than his late acting career. He gained a great deal of weight in the 1970s and by the early to mid-1990s he weighed over and suffered from Type 2 diabetes. He had a history of weight fluctuation throughout his career that, by and large, he attributed to his years of stress-related overeating followed by compensatory dieting. He also earned a reputation for being difficult on the set, often unwilling or unable to memorize his lines and less interested in taking direction than in confronting the film director with odd demands. He alsoaround—Michael Jackson, Marlon Brando, with an oxygen tank in a golf cart." In April 2001, Brando was hospitalized with pneumonia. In 2004, Brando signed with Tunisian film director Ridha Behi and began pre-production on a project to be titled Brando and Brando. Up to a week before his death, he was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that he would continue the film as an homage to Brando, with a new title of Citizen Brando. On July 1, 2004, Brandodied of respiratory failure from pulmonary fibrosis with congestive heart failure at the UCLA Medical Center. The cause of death was initially withheld, with his lawyer citing privacy concerns. He also suffered from diabetes and liver cancer. Shortly before his death and despite needing an oxygen mask to breathe, he recorded his voice to appear in The Godfather: The Game, once again as Don Vito Corleone. However, Brando recorded only one line due to his health, and an impersonator was hired to finish his lines. Some lines from his character were directly lifted from the film. Karl Malden—Brando's co-star inthree films, A Streetcar Named Desire, On the Waterfront, and One-Eyed Jacks (the last being the only film directed by Brando) -- spoke in a documentary accompanying the DVD of A Streetcar Named Desire about a phone call he received from Brando shortly before Brando's death. A distressed Brando told Malden he kept falling over. Malden wanted to come over, but Brando put him off, telling him there was no point. Three weeks later, Brando was dead. Shortly before his death, he had apparently refused permission for tubes carrying oxygen to be inserted into his lungs, which, he was told,affair and maintained an intermittent relationship for many years, and that he received a telephone call from her several days before she died. He also claimed numerous other romances, although he did not discuss his marriages, his wives, or his children in his autobiography. He met nisei actress and dancer Reiko Sato in the early 1950s; in 1954 Dorothy Kilgallen reported they were an item. Though their relationship cooled, they remained friends for the rest of Sato's life, with her dividing her time between Los Angeles and Tetiaroa in her later years. Brando was smitten with the Mexican actress KatyJurado after seeing her in High Noon. They met when Brando was filming Viva Zapata! in Mexico. Brando told Joseph L. Mankiewicz that he was attracted to "her enigmatic eyes, black as hell, pointing at you like fiery arrows". However, their first date became the beginning of an extended affair that lasted many years and peaked at the time they worked together on One-Eyed Jacks (1960), a film directed by Brando. Brando met actress Rita Moreno in 1954, beginning their torrid love affair. Moreno revealed in her memoir that when she became pregnant by Brando, he arranged for an abortion.After a botched abortion she tried to commit suicide by overdosing on his sleeping pills. Years after they broke up, Moreno played his love interest in the film The Night of the Following Day. Brando married actress Anna Kashfi in 1957. Kashfi was born in Calcutta and moved to Wales from India in 1947. She is said to have been the daughter of a Welsh steel worker of Irish descent, William O'Callaghan, who had been superintendent on the Indian State railways. However, in her book, Brando for Breakfast, she claimed that she really is half Indian and that the pressincorrectly thought that her stepfather, O'Callaghan, was her biological father. She said that her biological father was Indian and that she was the result of an "unregistered alliance" between her parents. Brando and Kashfi had a son, Christian Brando, on May 11, 1958; they divorced in 1959. In 1960, Brando married Movita Castaneda, a Mexican-American actress eight years his senior; they were divorced in 1962. Castaneda had appeared in the first Mutiny on the Bounty film in 1935, some 27 years before the 1962 remake with Brando as Fletcher Christian. They had two children together: Miko Castaneda Brando (born 1961)and Rebecca Brando (born 1966). French actress Tarita Teriipaia, who played Brando's love interest in Mutiny on the Bounty, became his third wife on August 10, 1962. She was 20 years old, 18 years younger than Brando, who was reportedly delighted by her naïveté. Because Teriipaia was a native French speaker, Brando became fluent in the language and gave numerous interviews in French. Teriipaia became the mother of two of his children: Simon Teihotu Brando (born 1963) and Tarita Cheyenne Brando (born 1970). Brando also adopted Teriipaia's daughter, Maimiti Brando (born 1977) and niece, Raiatua Brando (born 1982). Brando andBrando also adopted Petra Brando-Corval (born 1972), the daughter of his assistant Caroline Barrett and novelist James Clavell. Brando's close friendship with Wally Cox was the subject of rumors. Brando told a journalist: "If Wally had been a woman, I would have married him and we would have lived happily ever after." Two of Cox's wives, however, dismissed the suggestion that the love was more than platonic. Brando's grandson Tuki Brando (born 1990), son of Cheyenne Brando, is a fashion model. His numerous grandchildren also include Prudence Brando and Shane Brando, children of Miko C. Brando, the children of RebeccaBrando, and the three children of Teihotu Brando among others. Stephen Blackehart has been reported to be the son of Brando, but Blackehart disputes this claim. In 2018, Quincy Jones and Jennifer Lee claimed that Brando had had a sexual relationship with comedian and Superman III actor Richard Pryor. Pryor's daughter Rain later disputed the claim. Lifestyle Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy' for his public outbursts and antics. According to Los Angeles magazine, "Brando was rock and roll before anybody knew what rock and roll was." His behavior during the filming of Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)Mutiny on the Bounty affected Brando's life in a profound way, as he fell in love with Tahiti and its people. He bought a 12-island atoll, Tetiaroa, and in 1970 hired an award-winning young Los Angeles architect, Bernard Judge, to build his home and natural village there without despoiling the environment. An environmental laboratory protecting sea birds and turtles was established, and for many years student groups visited. The 1983 hurricane destroyed many of the structures including his resort. A hotel using Brando's name, The Brando Resort opened in 2014. Brando was an active ham radio operator, with the callsigns KE6PZH and FO5GJ (the latter from his island). He was listed in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) records as Martin Brandeaux to preserve his privacy. In the A&E Biography episode on Brando, biographer Peter Manso comments, "On the one hand, being a celebrity allowed Marlon to take his revenge on the world that had so deeply hurt him, so deeply scarred him. On the other hand he hated it because he knew it was false and ephemeral." In the same program another biographer, David Thomson, relates, "Many, many people who worked with him, and came to work with himBrando said on the late-night ABC-TV talk show Joey Bishop Show. In A&E's Biography episode on Brando, actor and co-star Martin Sheen states, "I'll never forget the night that Reverend King was shot and I turned on the news and Marlon was walking through Harlem with Mayor Lindsay. And there were snipers and there was a lot of unrest and he kept walking and talking through those neighborhoods with Mayor Lindsay. It was one of the most incredible acts of courage I ever saw, and it meant a lot and did a lot." Brando's participation in the civil rights movementactually began well before King's death. In the early 1960s, he contributed thousands of dollars to both the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (S.C.L.C.) and to a scholarship fund established for the children of slain Mississippi N.A.A.C.P. leader Medgar Evers. In 1964 Brando was arrested at a "fish-in" held to protest a broken treaty that had promised Native Americans fishing rights in Puget Sound. By this time, Brando was already involved in films that carried messages about human rights: Sayonara, which addressed interracial romance, and The Ugly American, depicting the conduct of U.S. officials abroad and the deleterious effect on thecitizens of foreign countries. For a time, he was also donating money to the Black Panther Party and considered himself a friend of founder Bobby Seale. Brando ended his financial support for the group over his perception of its increasing radicalization, specifically a passage in a Panther pamphlet put out by Eldridge Cleaver advocating indiscriminate violence, "for the Revolution." Brandon was also a supporter of the American Indian Movement. At the 1973 Academy Awards ceremony, Brando refused to accept the Oscar for his performance in The Godfather. Sacheen Littlefeather represented him at the ceremony. She appeared in full Apache attireFilipino, we've seen everything, but we never saw the kike. Because they knew perfectly well, that that is where you draw the wagons around." Larry King, who is Jewish, replied, "When you say—when you say something like that, you are playing right in, though, to anti-Semitic people who say the Jews are—" Brando interrupted: "No, no, because I will be the first one who will appraise the Jews honestly and say 'Thank God for the Jews'." Jay Kanter, Brando's agent, producer, and friend, defended him in Daily Variety: "Marlon has spoken to me for hours about his fondness for theJewish people, and he is a well-known supporter of Israel." Similarly, Louie Kemp, in his article for Jewish Journal, wrote: "You might remember him as Don Vito Corleone, Stanley Kowalski or the eerie Col. Walter E. Kurtz in 'Apocalypse Now', but I remember Marlon Brando as a mensch and a personal friend of the Jewish people when they needed it most." Legacy Brando was one of the most respected actors of the post-war era. He is listed by the American Film Institute as the fourth greatest male star whose screen debut occurred before or during 1950 (it occurred in 1950).open disdain for the acting profession ... often manifested itself in the form of questionable choices and uninspired performances. Nevertheless, he remains a riveting screen presence with a vast emotional range and an endless array of compulsively watchable idiosyncrasies." Cultural influence Marlon Brando is a cultural icon with an enduring popularity. His rise to national attention in the 1950s had a profound effect on American culture. According to film critic Pauline Kael, "Brando represented a reaction against the post-war mania for security. As a protagonist, the Brando of the early fifties had no code, only his instincts. He was adevelopment from the gangster leader and the outlaw. He was antisocial because he knew society was crap; he was a hero to youth because he was strong enough not to take the crap ... Brando represented a contemporary version of the free American ... Brando is still the most exciting American actor on the screen." Sociologist Dr. Suzanne Mcdonald-Walker states: "Marlon Brando, sporting leather jacket, jeans, and moody glare, became a cultural icon summing up 'the road' in all its maverick glory." His portrayal of the gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One has become an iconic image, usedboth as a symbol of rebelliousness and a fashion accessory that includes a Perfecto style motorcycle jacket, a tilted cap, jeans and sunglasses. Johnny's haircut inspired a craze for sideburns, followed by James Dean and Elvis Presley, among others. Dean copied Brando's acting style extensively and Presley used Brando's image as a model for his role in Jailhouse Rock. The "I coulda been a contender" scene from On the Waterfront, according to the author of Brooklyn Boomer, Martin H. Levinson, is "one of the most famous scenes in motion picture history, and the line itself has become part of America'scultural lexicon." An example of the endurance of Brando's popular "Wild One" image was the 2009 release of replicas of the leather jacket worn by Brando's Johnny Strabler character. The jackets were marketed by Triumph, the manufacturer of the Triumph Thunderbird motorcycles featured in The Wild One, and were officially licensed by Brando's estate. Brando was also considered a male sex symbol. Linda Williams writes: "Marlon Brando [was] the quintessential American male sex symbol of the late fifties and early sixties". Brando was an early lesbian icon who, along with James Dean, influenced the butch look and self-image in theSongs My Mother Taught Me, Brando observed: He also confessed that, while having great admiration for the theater, he did not return to it after his initial success primarily because the work left him drained emotionally: Brando repeatedly credited Stella Adler and her understanding of the Stanislavski acting technique for bringing realism to American cinema, but also added: In the 2015 documentary Listen to Me Marlon, Brando shared his thoughts on playing a death scene, stating, "That's a tough scene to play. You have to make 'em believe that you are dying ... Try to think of the most intimateCoppola's Vietnam War epic Apocalypse Now was announced to be sold at an auction, with an expected price tag of up to $1 million. Filmography Awards and honors Brando was named the fourth greatest male star whose screen debut occurred before or during 1950 by the American Film Institute, and part of TIME magazine's Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century. He was also named one of the top 10 "Icons of the Century" by Variety magazine."100 Icons of the Century: Marlon Brando" Variety. Retrieved August 19, 2011. See also List of actors who have appeared in multipleBest Picture Academy Award winners List of actors with Academy Award nominations List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories List of LGBT Academy Award winners and nominees References Notes Citations Bibliography Adler, Stella and Barry Paris. Stella Adler on Ibsen, Strindberg, and Chekhov. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. . Bain, David Haward. The Old Iron Road: An Epic of Rails, Roads, and the Urge to Go West. New York: Penguin Books, 2004. . Bly, Nellie. Marlon Brando: Larger than Life. NewYork: Pinnacle Books/Windsor Pub. Corp., 1994. . Bosworth, Patricia. Marlon Brando. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001. . Brando, Anna Kashfi and E.P. Stein. Brando for Breakfast. New York: Crown Publishers, 1979. . Brando, Marlon and Donald Cammell. Fan-Tan. New York: Knopf, 2005. . Brando, Marlon and Robert Lindsey. Brando: Songs My Mother Taught Me. New York: Random House, 1994. . Dimare, Philip C. Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2011. . Ebert, Roger. The Great Movies III. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. . Englund, George. The Way It's Never Been Done Before: My Friendship WithMarlon Brando. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2004. . Evans, Robert. The Kid Stays in the Picture. New York: Hyperion, 1994. . Girgus, Sam B. Hollywood Renaissance: The Cinema of Democracy in the Era of Ford, Kapra, and Kazan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. . Graziano, Rocky with Rowland Barber. Somebody Up There Likes Me. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1955. Grobel, Lawrence.Above the Line: Conversations about the Movies. New York: Da Capo Press, 2000. . Grobel, Lawrence. "Conversations with Brando." New York, Hyperion, 1990. Cooper Square Press 1999. Rat Press, 2009 Hamilton, Neil A. The 1970s (Eyewitness History).New York: Facts on File, 2006 . Judge, Bernard. Waltzing With Brando: Planning a Paradise in Tahiti. New York: ORO Editions, 2011. Kanfer, Stefan. Somebody: The Reckless Life and Remarkable Career of Marlon Brando. New York: Knopf, 2008. . Kaufman, Burton I. and Diane Kaufman. The A to Z of the Eisenhower Era. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2009. . Lebo, Harlan. The Godfather Legacy: The Untold Story of the Making of the Classic Godfather Trilogy. New York: Touchstone Press, 2005. . Levinson, Martin H. Brooklyn Boomer: Growing Up in the Fifties. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, 2011. . McDonald-Walker, Suzanne. Bikers: Culture,Garrett. The Films of John Avildsen: Rocky, The Karate Kid and Other Underdogs. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2013. . Santopietro, Tom. The Godfather Effect: Changing Hollywood, America, and Me. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2012. . Schoell, William. The Sundance Kid: A Biography of Robert Redford. Boulder, Colorado: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2006. . Stern, Keith. Queers in History: The Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Historical Gays, Lesbians and Bisexual. Jackson, Tennessee: BenBella Books, 2009. . Williams, Linda. Screening Sex''. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2008. . External links Vanity Fair: "The King Who Would Be Man" by Budd SchulbergThe New Yorker: "The Duke in His Domain" – Truman Capote's influential 1957 interview. Excess after success: Marlon Brando Category:1924 births Category:2004 deaths Category:20th-century American male actors Category:21st-century American male actors Category:Amateur radio people Category:American male film actors Category:American male stage actors Category:American male television actors Category:American people of Dutch descent Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of German descent Category:American people of French descent Category:American people of Scottish descent Category:American people of Welsh descent Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Foreign Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best
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Ashland Avenue Baptist Church is a registered historic church building in Toledo, Ohio. History The Ashland Avenue Baptist Church was organized in 1886 by a group of Sunday School workers. The building was designed by David L. Stine and dedicated in 1896. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1980. In 2005 the congregation voted to sell the building to Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church, and moved first to Holland, Ohio then to Oregon, Ohio where it is now called Ashland Church. References Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Category:Churches in
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Moravian College is a private liberal arts college in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The college traces its founding to 1742 by Moravians, descendants of followers of the Bohemian Reformation (John Amos Comenius), and claims to be the sixth-oldest college in the United States. The most popular majors are health sciences, business, nursing, sociology, psychology, and biological sciences. History Moravian College claims to be the sixth-oldest college in the United States and the first to educate women, as well as Native Americans in their own language. The college traces its roots to the Bethlehem Female Seminary, which was founded in 1742, as thefirst boarding school for young women in the U.S. The seminary was created by Benigna, Countess von Zinzendorf, the daughter of Count Nikolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, who was the benefactor of the fledgling Moravian communities in Nazareth and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The Female Seminary was incorporated by the Pennsylvania State Legislature in 1863 and became the women's college, the Moravian Seminary and College for Women in 1913. The college also traces its roots to the founding of two boys' schools, established in 1742 and 1743, which merged to become Nazareth Hall in 1759. Located in the town of Nazareth, Nazareth Hall became,in part, Moravian College and Theological Seminary in 1807. It was later incorporated by the Pennsylvania State Legislature as Moravian College and Theological Seminary in 1863 as a baccalaureate-granting institution. Beginning in 1858 and continuing to 1892, the seminary and college relocated from Nazareth to a former boys’ school on Church Street in Bethlehem, located on the present site of the Bethlehem City Hall. The men's Moravian College and Theological Seminary then settled in the north end of the city (the present-day North Campus) as a result of a donation from the Bethlehem Congregation of the Moravian Church in 1888.of Main Street, called the "Moravian Mile". First-year students traditionally walk the Moravian Mile as part of their orientation activities. Colonial-era college Although the college is one of the oldest educational institutions in the United States, it is not considered one of the nine original Colonial Colleges, but rather a colonial-era foundation. Moravian College and Theological Seminary, as well as the Bethlehem Female Seminary, did not start granting baccalaureate degrees until 1863. Academics Moravian College currently enrolls about 1,700 full-time undergraduate students in a wide variety of majors, all of which are presented in the liberal arts tradition. The seminaryenrolls over 100 full-time students in its graduate divinity programs. During most semesters, at least 14 denominations are represented in the seminary student body. Faith communities most often represented among the seminary's students include: Moravian, Lutheran, UCC, Episcopal, United Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Quaker, Mennonite, Unitarian Universalist, African Methodist Episcopal, Assembly of God, Brethren, Reformed, and nondenominational. The college's varied and highly regarded music programs grow from the Moravian Church's musical traditions. Moravian College's student news site is The Comenian, which is published online throughout the school year. Every year, the student body elects representatives to the United StudentMaster of Science programs in nursing; the seminary grants Master of Divinity, Master of Arts in Pastoral Counseling, and Master of Arts in Theological Studies degrees. The college also has evening undergraduate programs for adults seeking continuing undergraduate education and graduate degrees. The seminary has accreditation from the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada. Because Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and Tondabayashi, Japan, have been sister cities for over half a century, Moravian College and Osaka Ohtani University (大阪大谷大学) also established a partnership. Each spring, several Japanese students come to Moravian for two weeks to take a class aboutSteel Field Complex, and the Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Center. Priscilla Payne Hurd Campus Art and music programs are offered in Bethlehem's historic district on the college's Priscilla Payne Hurd Campus. Many of the buildings on that campus were built during the colonial period, including the Brethren's House, built in 1748, which served as a hospital during the Revolutionary War, and currently houses the Music Department. Also located on Priscilla Payne Campus are the President's House, Main Hall (1854), the Widow's House, Clewell Hall, West Hall, South Hall, the 1867 Chapel, Clewell Dining Hall, and the Central Moravian Church. Anumber of the buildings are connected. The facilities have been renovated to include Payne Gallery (renovated from the original women's gymnasium – 1903), the College's two-level art gallery that offers several shows each year, and Foy Concert Hall. Also located on the Priscilla Payne Hurd Campus are Peter Hall, a medium-sized colonial style recital hall, Hearst Hall, a small colonial style recital hall, and individual student rehearsal rooms and art studios. The College presents the nationally-renowned Christmas Vespers services in the Central Moravian Church, located on the corner of Main and Church streets across from Brethren's House. Many of thehis revolutionary educational principles. Comenius wrote in 1632, "not the children of the rich or of the powerful only, but of all alike, boys and girls, both noble and ignoble, rich and poor, in all cities and towns, villages and hamlets, should be sent to school". The Moravians had considered schools secondary in importance only to churches. A statue of Comenius, which was a gift to the college from Charles University of Prague and the Moravian Church of Czechoslovakia, stands in front of Comenius Hall. The Main Street Campus is also the location of Reeves Library, Priscilla Payne Hurd Academicof the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta John Andretti, NASCAR, Indy car, and NHRA race car driver William F. Badè, former president of the Sierra Club, 1918–22 James Montgomery Beck, class of 1880 and trustee; Solicitor General of the United States (1921–1925), member of United States House of Representatives (1927–1934), and constitutional law scholar John B. Callahan, mayor of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 2004–14 Rev. Edmund Alexander de Schweinitz, class of 1834, Bishop of the Moravian Church; author and founder of "the Moravian", the weekly journal of the Moravian Church John Gorka, contemporary folk musician Louis Greenwald, New Jersey State Assemblyman William JacobHolland, zoologist and paleontologist; University of Pittsburgh chancellor, 1891–1901; former director of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. George Hrab, class of 1993, musician and podcaster Andrew A. Humphreys, class of 1822, brigadier general in the U.S. Army; Union general in the Civil War; division commander, Army of the Potomac; chief engineer of the U.S. Army; one of the principal incorporators of the National Academy of Science; author of scientific and historical works William D. Hutchinson, justice, Pennsylvania Supreme Court, 1982–87; judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, 1987–95 Janine Jagger, Class of 1972, professor of medicine, MacArthurFellow Florence Foster Jenkins, class of 1881, American socialite and amateur operatic soprano Bobby "Lips" Levine, American jazz saxophonist John Baillie McIntosh, class of 1837, major general in the U.S. Army; Union officer in the Civil War; commander in the Battle of Gettysburg; superintendent of Indian affairs for California, 1869–70 Sandra Novack, author Fred Rooney, director, Community Legal Resource Network, CUNY Richard Shindell, contemporary folk musician Denny Somach, businessman, author, and Grammy-award winning radio producer. Herbert Spaugh, U.S. bishop of the Moravian Church Edward Thebaud, class of 1816, New York industrialist and merchant; principal, Bouchard & Thebaud, 1820–26; principal, Edward
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"Boľavé námestie" () is the debut solo single by the female singer Marika Gombitová released on OPUS in 1977. The composition was written by Lehotský and Brezovská, being issued on the various artists compilation OPUS '77. B-side of the single featured "Ty vieš, mama". Both songs were on CD released in 2000 as bonus tracks of the singer's debut album re-release Dievča do dažďa. Official versions "Boľavé námestie" - Studio version, 1977 Credits and personnel Marika Gombitová - lead vocal Janko Lehotský - music V.Brezovská - lyrics OPUS - copyright See also Marika Gombitová discography Marika Gombitová awards References General
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the Huns. The trader explained to Priscus that after the sack of Viminacium, he was a slave of Onegesius, a Hunnic nobleman, but obtained his freedom and chose to settle among the Huns. Priscus ultimately engaged in a debate with the Greek defector regarding the qualities of life and justice in both the Byzantine Empire and in barbarian kingdoms. After an interlude in Rome, Priscus traveled to Alexandria and the Thebaid in Egypt. He last appeared in the East, circa 456, attached to the staff of Euphemios as Emperor Marcian's (r. 450–457) magister officiorum. He died after 472 AD. Historyof Byzantium Priscus was the author of an eight-volume historical work, written in Greek, entitled the History of Byzantium (Greek: Ἱστορία Βυζαντιακή), which was probably not the original title name. The History probably covered the period from the accession of Attila the Hun to the accession of Emperor Zeno (r. 474–475), or from 433 up until 474 AD. Priscus's work currently survives in fragments and was very influential in the Byzantine Empire. The History was used in the Excerpta de Legationibus of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (r. 913–959), as well as by authors such as Evagrius Scholasticus, Cassiodorus, Jordanes, and
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Leslie Fenton (12 March 1902 – 25 March 1978) was an American actor and film director. He appeared in 62 films between 1923 and 1945. Early life Fenton was born on 12 March 1902 in Liverpool, Lancashire, England. He emigrated to America with his mother, Elizabeth Carter Fenton, and his brothers when he was six years old. They sailed as steerage passengers on board the R.M.S. Celtic, which departed from Liverpool, 11 September 1909, and arrived at New York, where they were ferried over to Ellis Island for "U.S. Immigrant Inspection" on 19 September. They were quickly admitted and continuedtheir journey by rail to join his father, shoe manufacturer's representative Richard Fenton, in Mifflin, Ohio. Career As a teenager, Leslie worked as an office clerk. He moved to New York and began a career on the stage. His film career began later with Fox Studios. He also directed 19 films between 1938 and 1951. Military service Fenton saw active service during the Second World War. In spring 1941, he was commissioned into the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. In 1942, as commander of a Motor Launch vessel, he took part in the St Nazaire Raid. He was injured in theraid and spent months convalescing in Devon, England. Unable to return to sea, he was assigned to a desk job at the War Office. Personal life He married American actress Ann Dvorak in 1932. Dvorak (Anna May McKim) moved to Britain with Fenton while he served in the British armed forces during the Second World War. The union was childless and ended in divorce in 1945. Fenton died 25 March 1978 in Montecito, California, aged 76. Some sources, including IMDb, incorrectly cite Frank Fenton, the noted screenwriter and novelist, as his younger brother. Frank Fenton's parents were actually John Fentonand Eveline Edgington (married Liverpool, 1900), as evidenced by the ship's manifest for the RMS Caronia (page 0817, line 0008), aboard which Frank Fenton arrived in the US on 21 April 1906. Selected filmography As actor: Gentle Julia (1923) Havoc (1925) as Babe Thunder Mountain (1925) as Sam Martin Lazybones (1925) as Dick Ritchie East Lynne (1925) as Richard Hare The Ancient Mariner (1925) as Joe Barlow The Road to Glory (1926) as David Hale Sandy (1926) as Douglas Keith The Shamrock Handicap (1926) as Neil Ross Black Paradise (1926) as James Callahan What Price Glory? (1926) as Lt. Mooreof Secrets (1936) as Barry Wilding China Passage (1937) as Anthony Durand Boys Town (1938) as Dan Farrow As director: Tell No Tells (1939) The Man from Dakota (1940) The Saint's Vacation (1941) Whispering Smith (1948) Streets of Laredo (1949) The Redhead and the Cowboy (1951) References Notes Bibliography External links Leslie Fenton at Virtual History Category:1902 births Category:1978 deaths Category:British expatriate male actors in the United States Category:English male film actors Category:English male silent film actors Category:English film directors Category:Male actors from Liverpool Category:People from Montecito, California Category:Royal Navy officers of World War II Category:20th-century English male actors Category:Burials
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Addie C. Strong Engle (August 11, 1845 – 1926) was an American author and publisher. She was one of the oldest Past Grand Matrons of Connecticut. Early years and education Addie Clarissa Strong was born in Manchester, Connecticut, August 11, 1845. She traces her ancestry back to 1630, when John Strong came to the United States from Taunton, England. Her girlhood years were spent in the town of South Manchester, Connecticut and her later life, until 1882 in Meriden, Connecticut. As a child, she found writing as a recreation. Her talent for literary composition was inherited from her mother, Mary
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Woolooware railway station is located on the Cronulla line, serving the Sydney suburb of Woolooware. It is served by Sydney Trains T4 line services. History Woolooware station opened on 16 December 1939 when the Cronulla line opened from Sutherland to Cronulla. In April 2010, the line from Caringbah to Cronulla was duplicated which saw the side platform at Woolooware converted to an island platform as part of the Rail Clearways Program. Platforms & services Transport links Woolooware station is served by one NightRide route: N11: Cronulla station to City (Town Hall) References External links Photo gallery showing construction of the
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Fort Douaumont () was the largest and highest fort on the ring of 19 large defensive works which had protected the city of Verdun, France since the 1890s. By 1915, the French General Staff had concluded that even the best-protected forts of Verdun could not resist bombardments from the German 420 mm (16.5 in) Gamma guns. These new super-heavy howitzers had easily taken several large Belgian forts out of action in August 1914. Fort Douaumont and other Verdun forts were judged ineffective and had been partly disarmed and left virtually undefended since 1915. On 25 February 1916, Fort Douaumont wasentered and occupied without a fight by a small German raiding party comprising only 19 officers and 79 men. The easy fall of Fort Douaumont, only three days after the beginning of the Battle of Verdun, shocked the French Army. It set the stage for the rest of a battle which lasted nine months, at enormous human cost. Douaumont was finally recaptured by three infantry divisions of the Second Army, during the First Offensive Battle of Verdun on 24 October 1916. This event brought closure to the battle in 1916. History Construction work started in 1885 near the village ofDouaumont, on some of the highest ground in the area and the fort was continually reinforced until 1913. It has a total surface area of and is approximately long, with two subterranean levels protected by a steel reinforced concrete roof thick resting on a sand cushion. These improvements had been completed by 1903. The entrance to the fort was at the rear. Two main tunnels ran east–west, one above the other, with barrack rooms and corridors to outlying parts of the fort branched off of the main tunnels. The fort was equipped with numerous armed posts, a 155 mm rotating/retractablegun turret, a 75 mm gun rotating/retractable gun turret, four other 75 mm guns in flanking "Bourges Casemates" that swept the intervals and several machine-gun turrets. Entry into the moat around the fort was interdicted by Hotchkiss anti-personnel revolving cannons located in wall casemates or "Coffres" present at each corner. With hindsight, Douaumont was much better prepared to withstand the heaviest bombardments than the Belgian forts that had been crushed by German Gamma howitzers in 1914. The German invasion of Belgium in 1914 had forced military planners to radically rethink the utility of fortification in war. The Belgian forts hadbeen quickly destroyed by German artillery and easily overrun. In August 1915, General Joseph Joffre approved the reduction of the garrison at Douaumont and at other Verdun forts. Douaumont was stripped of all its weaponry except for the two turreted guns that were too difficult to remove: a 155 mm and a 75 mm gun. The two "Casemates de Bourges" bunkers, one on each side of the fort, were disarmed of their four 75s. The garrison was mostly middle-aged reservists, under the command of the city's military governor and not the field army. Capture On 21 February 1916, the German5th Army began an offensive which started the Battle of Verdun. Douaumont was the largest and highest fort on the two concentric rings of forts protecting the city and thus the keystone to the city defenses. The German offensive was already four days old and progressing rapidly from the north when, on 24 February, it came within reach of Fort Douaumont. Fort Douaumont was still only manned by a maintenance crew of only 56 troops and a few gunners. The highest-ranked soldier in the fort was an NCO named Chenot. On 25 February, elements of the German 24th Brandenburg Regiment(6 Infanterie-Division, III Armeekorps) approached Fort Douaumont from the north, as a reconnaissance or raiding party. Most of the French garrison had already gone to the lower levels of the fort to escape the incessant German shelling with large-calibre guns. A battery of super-heavy 420 mm M-Gerät howitzers was intermittently pounding the fort, damaging the 75 mm gun turret. The occupants had been without communication with the outside world for some time. The observation cupolas were unoccupied. Only a small gunnery team was manning the 155 mm gun turret which was firing at distant targets. The dry moats which couldhave been swept by French machine-gun fire from the wall "casemates" or "coffres" had been left undefended. About 10 combat engineers from the Brandenburg regiment, led by Pioneer-Sergeant Kunze, managed to approach the fort unopposed. Visibility was poor due to bad weather, and French machine gunners in the village of Douaumont thought the Germans were French colonial troops returning from a patrol. Kunze and his men reached the moat and found that the wall casemates (coffres) defending the moat were unoccupied. Kunze managed to climb inside one of them to open a door. Kunze's men refused to go inside thefortification as they feared an ambush. Armed only with a rifle, the Pioneer-Sergeant entered alone. He wandered around the empty tunnels until he found the artillery team, captured them and locked them up. By now, another group from the Brandenburg regiment, led by reserve-officer Lieutenant Radtke, was also entering the fort through its unoccupied defences. Radtke then made contact with Kunze's troops and organised them before they spread out, capturing a few more French defenders and securing the fort. Later, more columns of German troops under Hauptman Haupt and Oberleutnant von Brandis arrived. No shots were ever fired in thecapture of Fort Douaumont. The only casualty was one of Kunze's men who scraped a knee. Despite being the last officer to enter the fort, von Brandis was the one who dispatched the report on the capture of Douaumont to the German High Command. A few days later, the Prussian officer was telling Crown Prince Wilhelm about its heroic seizure. No mention was made of the efforts of Lieutenant Radtke or Sergeant Kunze. Instead von Brandis became the "Hero of Douaumont" and was awarded the Pour le Mérite, (Hauptman Haupt received it later, too). Kunze, who broke in and lockedup the garrison and Radtke, who took command during the fort's capture, received no award. It was not until the 1930s, after historians from the German Great War committee had time to review the capture of Fort Douaumont that credit was belatedly given. Kunze, now a member of the Ordnungspolizei, received a promotion and Lieutenant Radtke got an autographed portrait of Wilhelm, the former Crown Prince and Kunze received the order of Pour le Mérite. Douaumont, the keystone of the system of forts that was to protect Verdun against a German invasion, had been given up without a fight. Inthe words of one French divisional commander, its loss would cost the French army 100,000 lives. Douaumont's easy fall was a disaster for the French and a glaring example of the lack of judgment prevailing in the General Staff at the time, under General Joffre. The French General Staff had decided in August 1915 to partially disarm all the Verdun forts, acting under the erroneous assumption that the forts could not resist the effects of modern heavy artillery. After its capture, Douaumont became an invulnerable shelter and operational base for German forces just behind their front line. The German soldiersat Verdun came to refer to the place as "Old Uncle Douaumont". Recapture The French Second Army made a first attempt to recapture the fort in late May 1916. They occupied the western end of the fort for 36 hours but were dislodged after suffering heavy losses, mostly from German artillery and trench mortars nearby. The Germans stubbornly held onto the fort, as it provided shelter for troops and served as first aid station and supply dump. French artillery continued to shell the fort, turning the area into a pockmarked moonscape, traces of which are still visible. On 8 May1916, an unattended cooking fire had detonated grenades and flamethrower fuel, which detonated an ammunition cache. Apparently some of the soldiers tried to heat coffee using flamethrower fuel, which proved to be too flammable and spread to shells which were without caution placed right next to such environments. A firestorm ripped through the fort, killing hundreds of soldiers instantly, including the 12th Grenadiers regimental staff. Some of the 1,800 wounded and soot-blackened survivors attempting to escape from the inferno, were mistaken for French colonial infantry and were fired upon by their comrades; 679 German soldiers perished in this fire.Mosier, John."Verdun: The Lost History of the Most Important Battle of World War I, 1914-1918." Penguin Group: USA, 2013. Page 302. Their remains were gathered inside the fort at the time and placed into a casemate which was walled off. The site is underground, inside the fort and has long been an official German war grave. A commemorative plaque in German and a cross stand at the foot of the grave's sealing wall, which is open to visitors. A French offensive involving three infantry divisions began on 24 October 1916, to recapture the fort. This took place on the same dayand was carried out by the elite Régiment d'infanterie-chars de marine (At that time designated the Régiment d'infanterie coloniale du Maroc, R.I.C.M (Regiment of Colonial Infantry of Morocco)). Douaumont had been pounded for days by two super heavy long-range French railway guns named "Alsace" and "Lorraine", emplaced at Baleycourt, south-west of Verdun. Douaumont had become untenable under their fire and was in the process of being evacuated when it was recaptured. Millions of smaller shells had been fired at the fort since its capture by the Germans to little avail and tens of thousands of men had died in attempts
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The MV Nordeney was from November, 1964 until 31 August 1974 the transmission ship for offshore radio station Radio Veronica. History The Norderney was built in 1949 as the MV HH 294 Paul J Müller in Hamburg-Finkenwerder. This 50 meter long trawler was in service as fishing-vessel in the waters around Island from 1950 until 1956 and in July of that year it was sold to the Niedersächsische Hochseefischerei GmbH. (Lower Saxony deepsea fishing Ltd.) and was re-christened as NC 420 Norderney In 1960 the then 11-year-old vessel was sold to a Dutch company for scrapping. In early 1964 thebrothers Verweij bought the ship. The 3 brothers formed the management of Radio Veronica. The Norderney was bought to replace the former German lightvessel Borkum Riff from 1911 as that vessel was completely worn-out and also a little bit to small to continue to be operated as a radio ship. As (former) light-vessel the Borkum Riff had her name printed in large letters on the hull of the ship: this idea was copied on the Norderney, even though she wasn't a light-ship. On the Zaanlandse Scheepsbouw Maatschappij shipyard in Zaandam the trawler was transformed into an offshore radio-ship. The worksincluded placement of two 25 meter high wooden antenna-masts to connect the washing-line antenna (nickname for the random wire antenna). Originally the Norderney was built as a steamship and the boiler and engine was already removed from the ship when it was bought by the Verweij brothers. This provided the required space for a large studio and a separate large room for the transmission equipment. A Continental Electronics 316 C medium wave transmitter of 10 Kilowatt. At a later date a second similar transmitter was installed as backup. In November 1964 the Norderney entered service and took over the roleof the old Borkum Riff. Stranding of the Norderney During a severe storm on 2 April 1973 at 20:54 hours the anchors of the Nordeney didn't hold and the vessel was drifting. As the ship had no engines she drifted towards the coast at Scheveningen and around 23:30 she ran aground high up the beach of Scheveningen. The crew was already taken off-board by the KNRM lifeboat Bernard van Leer. Just before the crew left the ship they removed the crystals from the radio-transmitter so that the Norderney was legally not being a radio-ship (as that would have been againstthe law in the Netherlands). The ship stranded high up on the beach and it took until 7 April before they managed to turn the ship and get the bow pointing towards the sea. It had already been planned to organize a large demonstration on the Binnenhof in The Hague to convince members of parlement not to support new legislation that would outlaw off-shore radio stations. In support of this Radio Veronica needed to be on air during the demonstration the management of Veronica accepted an offer from competitor Radio Caroline to use her ship and transmitter if Veronica assistedin repairing the equipment on board of the ship Mi-Amigo. In the early hours of 18 April, exactly the day of the planned demonstration in The Hague, tugboats managed to get the Norderney back afloat and she was brought back to her original position, some 6 nautical miles from the coast - just outside the territorial waters. At around 16:00 that day the Norderney was back in service and Radio Veronica could be received via her own frequency on the 538 meter-band as well as on 259 meter via the transmitter of Radio Caroline. Last transmission In spite of aboveanthem, the Wilhelmus, and then a bit of the main Veronica jingle. With the removal of the crystal from the transmitter the story ended. Post 31 August 1974 Although all transmissions had ended the Norderney remained at sea. While the VOO was applying to enter the Dutch public broadcasting domain speculations were made that Veronica would come back from the ship one way or the other. On 11 August 1975, nearly a year after the last transmission, the Norderney was towed into the harbour of IJmuiden. Most of the former Veronica DJ's and director Bull Verweij. The ship moores inAmsterdam until 28 August 1975. Via Zaandam and later Dordrecht the ship is initially adapted to become a museum - but she ends up as a disco club and over the years she was used as nightclub in different places around the country. In 1990 the public broadcaster VOO hires the ship to celebrate "30 years Veronica" and she is used for one day anchored off the coast of Scheveningen as platform for live radio and TV programmes. In 1994, 20 years after the closure of the offshore radio transmissions the VOO leaves the public broadcasting domain and goes commercial
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Damian Willemse (born ) is a South African rugby union player for the South Africa national team and the in Super Rugby and in the Currie Cup. His regular position is fly-half, but he can also play as a fullback. Rugby career 2014–2016: Schoolboy rugby Willemse was born in Strand. He attended and played rugby for Paul Roos Gymnasium in nearby Stellenbosch. In 2014, he was selected to represent at the Under-16 Grant Khomo Week held in Pretoria. He started all three of their matches, helping them to three victories, scoring a try in the final match of the tournament,a 26–11 win over hosts the . In 2015, Willemse was selected in the Western Province squad for South Africa's premier high school rugby tournament, the Under-18 Craven Week. He started all three of their matches in the tournament held in Stellenbosch, scoring tries in a 65–5 victory over the and in the unofficial final, helping his team to a 95–0 victory over Eastern Province. After the tournament, he was included in the South Africa Schools squad for the Under-18 International Series, involving their counterparts from Wales, France and England. He came on as a replacement in their 42–11 victoryover Wales, before starting their 12–5 win over France. He was named on the bench for their final match against England, but remained unused as the hosts completed a whitewash in the competition, winning 23–16. 2016 again saw Willemse selected for the Western Province Craven Week side for the tournament in Durban and he again started all three of their matches. He scored two tries in their first match against Boland, and helped the team to a 27–20 victory in the final match against the Golden Lions. He earned a second call-up to the South African Schools team, this timestarting all three of their matches in the fly-half position. South Africa beat Wales in their first match and Willemse scored try in their match against the France Under-19s in a 42–3 win. South Africa again completed a clean sweep, beating England 13–12 in their final match. After his international involvement, Willemse also appeared for the team in the 2016 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He appeared as a replacement in three of their final four matches of the regular season, scoring a try on his debut at this level against the s and kicking conversions in matches against the s andthe s in the other two, to help Western Province finish top of the log to qualify for the play-offs. He was promoted to the starting line-up for their 30–15 victory over in the semi-finals, and also started the final, where his team lost 19–60 to the s. 2017: Stormers Only months after finishing school, Willemse was included in the squad for the 2017 Super Rugby season. He was included in a matchday squad for their Round Three match against the on 4 March, and he made his Super Rugby debut – aged just – by coming on for thefinal four minutes of the match. International career Damian Willemse made his international debut for South Africa in the 2018 Rugby Championship against Argentina at Kings Park Stadium in a 34-21 victory, coming off of the bench and substituting André Esterhuizen. Willemse was not initially named in South Africa's squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. However he was called up to replace the injured Jesse Kriel in the pool stage. South Africa went on to win the tournament, defeating England in the final. Personal life Willemse is the younger brother of Ramone Samuels, also a professional rugby union player.
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Joseph Bernard Kruskal, Jr. (; January 29, 1928 – September 19, 2010) was an American mathematician, statistician, computer scientist and psychometrician. Personal life Kruskal was born to a Jewish family in New York City to a successful fur wholesaler, Joseph B. Kruskal, Sr. His mother, Lillian Rose Vorhaus Kruskal Oppenheimer, became a noted promoter of origami during the early era of television. Kruskal had two notable brothers, Martin David Kruskal, co-inventor of solitons, and William Kruskal, who developed the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. One of Joseph Kruskal's nephews is computer scientist Clyde Kruskal. Education and career He was astudent at the University of Chicago earning a bachelor of science in mathematics in the year of 1948, and a master of science in mathematics in the following year 1949. After his time at the University of Chicago Kruskal attended Princeton University, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1954, nominally under Albert W. Tucker and Roger Lyndon, but de facto under Paul Erdős with whom he had two very short conversations. Kruskal worked on well-quasi-orderings and multidimensional scaling. He was a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, former president of the Psychometric Society, and former president of the Classification Societyof North America. He also initiated and was first president of the Fair Housing Council of South Orange and Maplewood in 1963, and actively supported civil rights in several other organizations such as CORE. He worked at Bell Labs from 1959 to 1993. Research In statistics, Kruskal's most influential work is his seminal contribution to the formulation of multidimensional scaling. In computer science, his best known work is Kruskal's algorithm for computing the minimal spanning tree (MST) of a weighted graph. The algorithm first orders the edges by weight and then proceeds through the ordered list adding an edge tothe partial MST provided that adding the new edge does not create a cycle. Minimal spanning trees have applications to the construction and pricing of communication networks. In combinatorics, he is known for Kruskal's tree theorem (1960), which is also interesting from a mathematical logic perspective since it can only be proved nonconstructively. Kruskal also applied his work in linguistics, in an experimental lexicostatistical study of Indo-European languages, together with the linguists Isidore Dyen and Paul Black. Their database is still widely used. Concepts named after Joseph Kruskal Kruskal's algorithm (1956) Kruskal's tree theorem (1960) Kruskal–Katona theorem (1963) Kruskal rank
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Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (; ; – ) was a Russian composer and pianist. Scriabin, who was influenced early in his life by the works of Frédéric Chopin, composed works that are characterised by a highly tonal idiom (these works are associated with his "first stage" of compositional output). Later in his career, independently of Arnold Schoenberg, Scriabin developed a substantially atonal and much more dissonant musical system, which accorded with his personal brand of mysticism. Scriabin was influenced by synesthesia, and associated colours with the various harmonic tones of his atonal scale, while his colour-coded circle of fifths was alsoinfluenced by theosophy. He is considered by some to be the main Russian Symbolist composer. Scriabin was one of the most innovative and most controversial of early modern composers. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia said of Scriabin that "no composer has had more scorn heaped on him or greater love bestowed." Leo Tolstoy described Scriabin's music as "a sincere expression of genius." Scriabin had a major impact on the music world over time, and influenced composers such as Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, and Karol Szymanowski. However, Scriabin's importance in the Russian and then Soviet musical scene, and internationally, drastically declined afterhis death. According to his biographer Bowers, "No one was more famous during their lifetime, and few were more quickly ignored after death." Nevertheless, his musical aesthetics have been reevaluated since the 1970s, and his ten published sonatas for piano have been increasingly championed in recent years. Biography Childhood and education (1872–93) Scriabin was born in Moscow into a Russian noble family on Christmas Day 1871 according to the Julian Calendar. His father Nikolai Aleksandrovich Scriabin (1849–1915), then a student at the Moscow State University, belonged to a modest noble family founded by Scriabin's great-grandfather Ivan Alekseevich Scriabin, a simplesoldier from Tula who made a brilliant military career and was granted hereditary nobility in 1819. Alexander's paternal grandmother Elizaveta Ivanovna Podchertkova, daughter of a captain lieutenant Ivan Vasilievich Podchertkov, came from a wealthy noble house of the Novgorod Governorate. His mother Lyubov Petrovna Scriabina (née Schetinina) (1850–1873) was a concert pianist and a former student of Theodor Leschetizky. She belonged to the ancient dynasty that traced its history back to Rurik; its founder, Semyon Feodorovich Yaroslavskiy nicknamed Schetina (from the Russian schetina meaning stubble), was the great-grandson of Vasili, Prince of Yaroslavl. She died of tuberculosis when Alexander wasamateur pianist who documented Sasha's early life until the time he met his first wife. As a child, Scriabin was frequently exposed to piano playing, and anecdotal references describe him demanding that his aunt play for him. Apparently precocious, Scriabin began building pianos after being fascinated with piano mechanisms. He sometimes gave away pianos he had built to house guests. Lyubov portrays Scriabin as very shy and unsociable with his peers, but appreciative of adult attention. Another anecdote tells of Scriabin trying to conduct an orchestra composed of local children, an attempt that ended in frustration and tears. He wouldperform his own amateur plays and operas with puppets to willing audiences. He studied the piano from an early age, taking lessons with Nikolai Zverev, a strict disciplinarian, who was also the teacher of Sergei Rachmaninoff and other piano prodigies concurrently, though Scriabin was not a pensioner like Rachmaninoff. In 1882 he enlisted in the Second Moscow Cadet Corps. As a student, he became friends with the actor Leonid Limontov, although in his memoirs Limontov recalls his reluctance to become friends with Scriabin, who was the smallest and weakest among all the boys and was sometimes teased due to hisstature. However, Scriabin won his peers' approval at a concert where he performed on the piano. He ranked generally first in his class academically, but was exempt from drilling due to his physique and was given time each day to practice at the piano. Scriabin later studied at the Moscow Conservatory with Anton Arensky, Sergei Taneyev, and Vasily Safonov. He became a noted pianist despite his small hands, which could barely stretch to a ninth. Feeling challenged by Josef Lhévinne, he damaged his right hand while practicing Franz Liszt's Réminiscences de Don Juan and Mily Balakirev's Islamey. His doctor saidhe would never recover, and he wrote his first large-scale masterpiece, his Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minor, as a "cry against God, against fate." It was his third sonata to be written, but the first to which he gave an opus number (his second was condensed and released as the Allegro Appassionato, Op. 4). He eventually regained the use of his hand. In 1892 he graduated with the Little Gold Medal in piano performance, but did not complete a composition degree because of strong differences in personality and musical opinion with Arensky (whose faculty signature is the onlyone absent from Scriabin's graduation certificate) and an unwillingness to compose pieces in forms that did not interest him. Early career (1894–1903) In 1894 Scriabin made his debut as a pianist in St. Petersburg, performing his own works to positive reviews. During the same year, Mitrofan Belyayev agreed to pay Scriabin to compose for his publishing company (he published works by notable composers such as Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov). In August 1897, Scriabin married the young pianist Vera Ivanovna Isakovich, and then toured in Russia and abroad, culminating in a successful 1898 concert in Paris. That year he becamea teacher at the Moscow Conservatory and began to establish his reputation as a composer. During this period he composed his cycle of études, Op. 8, several sets of preludes, his first three piano sonatas, and his only piano concerto, among other works, mostly for piano. For a period of five years, Scriabin was based in Moscow, during which time the first two of his symphonies were conducted by his old teacher Safonov. According to later reports, between 1901 and 1903 Scriabin envisioned writing an opera. He talked a lot about it and expounded its ideas in the course ofnormal conversation. The work would center around a nameless hero, a philosopher-musician-poet. Among other things, he would declare: I am the apotheosis of world creation. I am the aim of aims, the end of ends. The Poem Op. 32 No. 2 and the Poème Tragique Op. 34 were originally conceived as arias in the opera. Leaving Russia (1903–09) By the winter of 1904, Scriabin and his wife had relocated to Switzerland, where he began work on the composition of his Symphony No. 3. While living in Switzerland, Scriabin was separated legally from his wife, with whom he had had fourchildren. The work was performed in Paris during 1905, where Scriabin was now accompanied by Tatiana Fyodorovna Schloezer—a former pupil and the niece of Paul de Schlözer. With Schloezer, he had other children, including a son named Julian Scriabin, a precocious composer of several piano works before he drowned in the Dnieper River at Kiev in 1919 at the age of 11. With the financial assistance of a wealthy sponsor, he spent several years travelling in Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium and the United States, working on more orchestral pieces, including several symphonies. He was also beginning to compose "poems" forthe piano, a form with which he is particularly associated. While in New York City, in 1907, he became acquainted with the Canadian composer Alfred La Liberté, who went on to become a personal friend and disciple. In 1907, he settled in Paris with his family and was involved with a series of concerts organized by the impresario Sergei Diaghilev, who was actively promoting Russian music in the West at the time. He relocated subsequently to Brussels (rue de la Réforme 45) with his family. Return to Russia (1909–15) In 1909 he returned to Russia permanently, where he continued tocompose, working on increasingly grandiose projects. For some time before his death he had planned a multi-media work to be performed in the Himalaya Mountains, that would cause a so-called "armageddon," "a grandiose religious synthesis of all arts which would herald the birth of a new world." Scriabin left only sketches for this piece, Mysterium, although a preliminary part, named L'acte préalable ("Prefatory Action") was eventually made into a performable version by Alexander Nemtin. Part of that unfinished composition was performed with the title 'Prefatory Action' by Vladimir Ashkenazy in Berlin with Aleksei Lyubimov at the piano. Nemtin eventually completeda second portion ("Mankind") and a third ("Transfiguration"), and his entire two-and-a-half-hour completion was recorded by Ashkenazy with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin for Decca. Several late pieces published during the composer's lifetime are believed to have been intended for Mysterium, like the Two Dances Op. 73. Death Scriabin was small and reportedly frail throughout his life. In 1915, at the age of 43, he died in Moscow from sepsis as a result of a sore on his upper lip. He had mentioned the sore as early as 1914 while in London. Immediately upon Scriabin's sudden death, Rachmaninoff toured Russia ina series of all-Scriabin recitals. It was the first time he had played music other than his own in public and his efforts helped secure Scriabin's reputation as a great composer. Music Rather than seeking musical versatility, Scriabin was happy to write almost exclusively for solo piano and for orchestra. His earliest piano pieces resemble Frédéric Chopin's and include music in many genres that Chopin himself employed, such as the étude, the prelude, the nocturne, and the mazurka. Scriabin's music progressively evolved over the course of his life, although the evolution was very rapid and especially brief when compared tomost composers. Aside from his earliest pieces, the mid- and late-period pieces use very unusual harmonies and textures. The development of Scriabin's style can be traced in his ten piano sonatas: the earliest are composed in a fairly conventional late-Romantic manner and reveal the influence of Chopin and sometimes Franz Liszt, but the later ones are very different, the last five being written without a key signature. Many passages in them can be said to be atonal, though from 1903 through 1908, "tonal unity was almost imperceptibly replaced by harmonic unity." First period (1880s–1903) Scriabin's first period is usually describedas going from his earliest pieces up to his Second Symphony Op. 29. The works from the first period adhere to the romantic tradition, thus employing the common practice period harmonic language. However, Scriabin's voice is present from the very beginning, in this case by his fondness of the dominant function and added tone chords. Scriabin's early harmonic language was especially fond of the thirteenth dominant chord, usually with the 7th, 3rd, and 13th spelled in fourths. This voicing can also be seen in several of Chopin's works. According to Peter Sabbagh, this voicing would be the main generating sourceof the later Mystic chord. More importantly, Scriabin was fond of simultaneously combining two or more of the different dominant seventh enhancings, like 9ths, altered 5ths, and raised 11ths. However, despite these tendencies, slightly more dissonant than usual for the time, all these dominant chords were treated according to the traditional rules: the added tones resolved to the corresponding adjacent notes, and the whole chord was treated as a dominant, fitting inside tonality and diatonic, functional harmony. Second period (1903–07) This period begins with Scriabin's Fourth Piano Sonata Op. 30, and ends around his Fifth Sonata Op. 53 and thewhich chord coloring is most important. Later on, fewer dissonances on the dominant chords are resolved. According to Sabbanagh, "the dissonances are frozen, solidified in a color-like effect in the chord"; the added notes become part of it. Third period (1907–15) According to Samson, while the sonata-form of Scriabin's Sonata No. 5 has some meaning to the work's tonal structure, in his Sonata No. 6 and Sonata No. 7 formal tensions are created by the absence of harmonic contrast and "between the cumulative momentum of the music, usually achieved by textural rather than harmonic means, and the formal constraints ofthe tripartite mould". He also argues that the Poem of Ecstasy and Vers la flamme "find a much happier co-operation of 'form' and 'content and that later sonatas, such as No. 9, employ a more flexible sonata-form. According to Claude Herdon, in Scriabin's late music "tonality has been attenuated to the point of virtual extinction, although dominant sevenths, which are among the strongest indicators of tonality, preponderate. The progression of their roots in minor thirds or diminished fifths [...] dissipate the suggested tonality." Varvara Dernova argues that "The tonic continued to exist, and, if necessary, the composer could employ it[...] but in the great majority of cases, he preferred the concept of a tonic in distant perspective, so to speak, rather than the actually sounding tonic [...] The relationship of the tonic and dominant functions in Scriabin's work is changed radically; for the dominant actually appears and has a varied structure, while the tonic exists only as if in the imagination of the composer, the performer, and the listener." Most of the music of this period is built on the acoustic and octatonic scales, as well as the nine-note scale resulting from their combination. Philosophical influences and influence ofcolour Scriabin was interested in Friedrich Nietzsche's Übermensch theory, and later became interested in theosophy. Both would influence his music and musical thought. During 1909–10 he lived in Brussels, becoming interested in Jean Delville's Theosophist philosophy and continuing his reading of Helena Blavatsky. Theosophist and composer Dane Rudhyar wrote that Scriabin was "the one great pioneer of the new music of a reborn Western civilization, the father of the future musician", and an antidote to "the Latin reactionaries and their apostle, Stravinsky" and the "rule-ordained" music of "Schoenberg's group." Scriabin developed his own very personal and abstract mysticism based onthe role of the artist in relation to perception and life affirmation. His ideas on reality seem similar to Platonic and Aristotelian theory though much less coherent. The main sources of his philosophy can be found in his numerous unpublished notebooks, one in which he famously wrote "I am God". As well as jottings there are complex and technical diagrams explaining his metaphysics. Scriabin also used poetry as a means in which to express his philosophical notions, though arguably much of his philosophical thought was translated into music, the most recognizable example being the Ninth Sonata ("the Black Mass"). ThoughScriabin's late works are often considered to be influenced by synesthesia, a condition wherein one experiences sensation in one sense in response to stimulus in another, it is doubted that Scriabin actually experienced this. His colour system, unlike most synesthetic experience, accords with the circle of fifths, which tends to prove it was mostly a conceptual system based on Sir Isaac Newton's Opticks. Scriabin did not, for his theory, recognize a difference between a major and a minor tonality of the same name (for example: C-minor/C-Major). Indeed, influenced also by the doctrines of theosophy, he developed his system of synesthesiahis most famous, and some are performed frequently. They include a piano concerto (1896), and five symphonic works, including three numbered symphonies as well as The Poem of Ecstasy (1908) and Prometheus: The Poem of Fire (1910), which includes a part for a machine known as a "clavier à lumières", known also as a Luce (Italian for "Light"), which was a colour organ designed specifically for the performance of Scriabin's tone poem. It was played like a piano, but projected coloured light on a screen in the concert hall rather than sound. Most performances of the piece (including the premiere)have not included this light element, although a performance in New York City in 1915 projected colours onto a screen. It has been claimed erroneously that this performance used the colour-organ invented by English painter A. Wallace Rimington when in fact it was a novel construction supervised personally and built in New York specifically for the performance by Preston S. Miller, the president of the Illuminating Engineering Society. On 22 November 1969, the work was fully realized making use of the composer's color score as well as newly developed laser technology on loan from Yale's Physics Department, by John Mauceriand the Yale Symphony Orchestra and designed by Richard N. Gould, who projected the colors into the auditorium that were reflected by the Mylar vests worn by the audience. The Yale Symphony repeated the presentation in 1971 and brought the work to Paris that year for what was perhaps its Paris premiere at the Théâtre des Champs Élysées. The piece was reprised at Yale once again in 2010 (, who, with Justin Townsend, has published 'Scriabin and the Possible'). Scriabin's original colour keyboard, with its associated turntable of coloured lamps, is preserved in his apartment near the Arbat in Moscow,which is now a museum dedicated to his life and works. Recordings and performers Scriabin himself made recordings of 19 of his own works, using 20 piano rolls, six for the Welte-Mignon, and 14 for Ludwig Hupfeld of Leipzig. The Welte rolls were recorded during early February 1910, in Moscow, and have been replayed and published on CD. Those recorded for Hupfeld include the piano sonatas Op. 19 and 23. While this indirect evidence of Scriabin's pianism prompted a mixed critical reception, close analysis of the recordings within the context of the limitations of the particular piano roll technology canshed light on the free style that he favoured for the performance of his own works, characterized by extemporary variations in tempo, rhythm, articulation, dynamics, and sometimes even the notes themselves. Pianists who have performed Scriabin to particular critical acclaim include Vladimir Sofronitsky, Vladimir Horowitz and Sviatoslav Richter. Sofronitsky never met the composer, as his parents forbade him to attend a concert due to illness. The pianist said he never forgave them; but he did marry Scriabin's daughter Elena. According to Horowitz, when he played for the composer as an 11-year-old child, Scriabin responded enthusiastically and encouraged him to pursuea full musical and artistic education. When Sergei Rachmaninoff performed Scriabin's music his playing style was criticized by the composer and his admirers as being earthbound. Surveys of the solo piano works have been recorded by Gordon Fergus-Thompson, Pervez Mody, Maria Lettberg, and Michael Ponti. The complete published sonatas have also been recorded by, among others, Dmitri Alexeev, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Håkon Austbø, Boris Berman, Bernd Glemser, Marc-André Hamelin, Yakov Kasman, Ruth Laredo, John Ogdon, Garrick Ohlsson, Roberto Szidon, Robert Taub, Anatol Ugorski, Mikhail Voskresensky, and Igor Zhukov. Other prominent performers of his piano music include Jonathan Paul Cambry, Samuil Feinberg,Nikolai Demidenko, Marta Deyanova, Sergio Fiorentino, Andrei Gavrilov, Emil Gilels, Glenn Gould, Andrej Hoteev, Evgeny Kissin, Anton Kuerti, Elena Kuschnerova, Piers Lane, Eric Le Van, Alexander Melnikov, Stanislav Neuhaus, Artur Pizarro, Mikhail Pletnev, Jonathan Powell, Burkard Schliessmann, Grigory Sokolov, Alexander Satz, Yevgeny Sudbin, Matthijs Verschoor, Arcadi Volodos, Roger Woodward, Evgeny Zarafiants and Margarita Shevchenko. In 2015, German-Australian pianist Stefan Ammer, as a part of The Scriabin Project Concert Series, joined forces alongside his pupils Mekhla Kumar, Konstantin Shamray and Ashley Hribar to honour the Russian composer at various venues across Australia. Reception and influence Scriabin's funeral, on 16 April 1915,was attended by such numbers that tickets had to be issued. Rachmaninoff, who was a pallbearer at the funeral, subsequently went on tour, playing only Scriabin's music, for the benefit of the family. Sergei Prokofiev admired the composer, and his Visions fugitives bears great likeness to Scriabin's tone and style. Another admirer was the English composer Kaikhosru Sorabji, who promoted Scriabin even during the years when his popularity had decreased greatly. Aaron Copland praised Scriabin's thematic material as "truly individual, truly inspired", but criticized Scriabin for putting "this really new body of feeling into the strait-jacket of the old classicalsonata-form, recapitulation and all", calling this "one of the most extraordinary mistakes in all music." The work of Nikolai Roslavets, unlike that of Prokofiev and Stravinsky, is often seen as a direct extension of Scriabin's. Unlike Scriabin's, however, Roslavets' music was not explained with mysticism and eventually was given theoretical explication by the composer. Roslavets was not alone in his innovative extension of Scriabin's musical language, however, as quite a few Soviet composers and pianists such as Samuil Feinberg, Sergei Protopopov, Nikolai Myaskovsky, and Alexander Mosolov followed this legacy until Stalinist politics quelled it in favor of Socialist Realism. Scriabin'sthe Russian Orthodox Church who directed the Russian Orthodox diocese in Great Britain between 1957 and 2003. Scriabin was not a relative of Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov, whose birth name was Vyacheslav Skryabin. In his memoirs published by Felix Chuyev under the Russian title "Молотов, Полудержавный властелин", Molotov explains that his brother Nikolay Skryabin, who was also a composer, had adopted the name Nikolay Nolinsky in order not to be confused with Alexander Scriabin. Scriabin's second wife Tatiana Fyodorovna Schlözer was the niece of the pianist and possible composer Paul de Schlözer. Her brother was the musiccritic Boris de Schlözer. Scriabin had seven children in total: from his first marriage Rimma (Rima), Elena, Maria and Lev, and from his second Ariadna, Julian and Marina. Rimma died of intestinal issues in 1905 at the age of seven. Elena Scriabina was to become the first wife of the pianist Vladimir Sofronitsky, though only after her father's death; hence Sofronitsky never met the composer. Maria Skryabina (1901–1989) became an actress at the Second Moscow Art Theatre and the wife of director Vladimir Tatarinov. Lev also died at the age of seven, in 1910. At this point, relations with Scriabin'sfirst wife had significantly deteriorated, and Scriabin did not meet her at the funeral. Scriabin's daughter Ariadna Scriabina (1906–1944) became a hero of the French Resistance, and was posthumously awarded the Croix de guerre and the Médaille de la Résistance. Her third marriage was to the poet and WWII Resistance fighter David Knut after which she converted to Judaism and took the name Sarah. She co-founded the Zionist resistance movement Armée Juive and was responsible for communications between the command in Toulouse and the partisan forces in the Tarn district and for taking weapons to the partisans, which resulted inher death when she was ambushed by the French Militia. Ariadna Scriabina's daughter (by her first marriage to French composer David Lazarus), Betty Knut-Lazarus, became a famous teenage heroine of the French Resistance, personally winning the Silver Star from George S. Patton, as well as the French Croix de guerre. After the war she became an active member of the Zionist Lehi (Stern Gang), undertaking special operations for the militant group and she was imprisoned in 1947 for launching a terrorist letter bomb campaign against British targets, and planting explosives on British ships which had been trying to prevent Jewishimmigrants from travelling to Mandatory Palestine. Regarded as a heroine in France, she was released prematurely, but was imprisoned a year later in Israel for being allegedly involved in the killing of Folke Bernadotte, but the charges were subsequently dropped. After her release from prison, she settled at the age of 23 in Beersheba in Southern Israel, where she had three children and she founded a nightclub which became the cultural centre of Beersheba, before her early death at the age of 38. In total, three of Ariadna Scriabina's children immigrated to Israel after the war, where her son Eli(born 1935) became a sailor in the Israeli Navy and a noted classical guitarist, while her son Joseph (Yossi) (born 1943) served in the Israeli special forces, before becoming a poet, publishing many poems dedicated to his mother Ariadna. One of her great-grandsons, via Betty (Elizabeth) Lazarus, Elisha Abas, is an Israeli concert pianist. Julian Scriabin, a child prodigy, was a composer and pianist in his own right, but he died by drowning at the age of eleven in Ukraine. See also 20th-century classical music ANS synthesizer Atonality Music written in all 24 major and minor keys Mystic chord Romanticmusic Synesthesia in art Synthetic chord References Sources Ballard, Lincoln and Matthew Bengtson with John Bell Young (2017). The Alexander Scriabin Companion: History, Performance, and Lore. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. . External links UK Scriabin Association Scriabin Society of America Brief biography and sound files on Ubuweb Scriabin Liner Notes Russian-born pianist Yevgeny Sudbin discusses Scriabin's work and life. Scores Scriabin's Sheet Music by Mutopia Project www.kreusch-sheet-music.net – Free Scores by Alexander Scriabin Recordings Scriabin's own recording of the third and fourth Movements from his Piano Sonata, no. 3, Op. 23 (The Pianola Institute) Piano Rolls (The Reproducing Piano
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Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel is a 1987 Canadian television miniseries film. It is a sequel to the 1985 miniseries Anne of Green Gables, and the second in a series of four films, based on Lucy Maud Montgomery's novels Anne of Avonlea, Anne of the Island and Anne of Windy Poplars. The miniseries aired in four hour-long installments, in May and June 1987, on the Disney Channel as Anne of Avonlea: The Continuing Story of Anne of Green Gables, and in two 150-minute installments, in December 1987, on CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation), and in March 1988, on PBS, asAnne of Green Gables: The Sequel. The film was also shown theatrically in Israel, Japan, and Europe as Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel and has been released on DVD under that title. Finally, in 2017, the miniseries was officially retitled Anne of Avonlea for its North American Blu-ray Disc release by Sullivan Films, as part of the Anne of Green Gables Collector's Set. Plot Anne concludes teaching at Avonlea School and has dreams of becoming a writer, but her story "Averil's Atonement" is rejected by a magazine. Leaving the post office one day, Anne runs into Gilbert Blythe, whodiamond sunbursts, or marble halls. I just want you." Timeline of events (1902–1903) Late spring 1902 – Anne, now 18, finishes teaching at Avonlea school. Summer 1902 – Diana marries Fred, Anne takes a teaching position at Kingsport Ladies College. September 1902 – Anne begins teaching at Kingsport Ladies College. 26 November 1902 – Production date of Anne's play at Kingsport Ladies College. Summer 1903 – Katherine Brooke spends summer break with Anne at Green Gables. Anne commits to Gilbert. Cast Megan Follows - Anne Shirley Colleen Dewhurst - Marilla Cuthbert Patricia Hamilton - Rachel Lynde Wendy Hiller - Mrs.Harris Frank Converse - Morgan Harris Jonathan Crombie - Gilbert Blythe Schuyler Grant - Diana Barry Marilyn Lightstone - Miss Stacey Rosemary Dunsmore - Katherine Brooke Kate Lynch - Pauline Harris Genevieve Appleton - Emmeline Harris Susannah Hoffman - Jen Pringle Mag Ruffman - Alice Lawson Bruce McCulloch - Fred Wright Dave Foley - Lewis Allen Awards and nominations 2 Cable Ace Awards: Best Costume, Best Supporting Actress (Colleen Dewhurst), 1987 6 Gemini Awards: Best Dramatic Miniseries, Best Photography, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Performance by Lead Actress (Megan Follows), Best Performance by a Supporting Actress (Colleen Dewhurst),1988 Silver Award - International Film and Television Festival, New York, 1987 Best Family Series - TV Guide, 1987 CFTA Award - Best New TV Production, 1987 Chris Award - Columbus International Film Festival, 1987 Honourable Mention - International San Francisco Film Festival, 1988 Crystal Apple Award - National Education Film and Video Festival, 1988 ACT Award - Achievement in Children's TV, 1988 Golden Hugo Award - Chicago International Film Festival, 1987 Gold Award - Houston International Film Festival, 1987 Sequels and spinoffs Road to Avonlea is a television series which was first broadcast in Canada and the United Statesbetween 1990 and 1996. It was inspired by a series of short stories and two novels by Lucy Maud Montgomery. Many of the actors in the Anne of Green Gables movies also appear in storylines crossing over into the long-running Emmy award-winning series, including Patricia Hamilton (Rachel Lynde), Colleen Dewhurst (Marilla Cuthbert until her death in 1991), and Marilyn Lightstone (Muriel Stacy). Other actors from the first two Anne films portrayed different characters in Road to Avonlea, including Rosemary Dunsmore, who played Katherine Brooke in this film but returned as "Abigail MacEwan" in the television series. Anne of Green Gables:fifties, looks back on her early childhood before arriving at Green Gables only to uncover answers to questions that have plagued her throughout her life. Production When Kevin Sullivan was commissioned by CBC, PBS and The Disney Channel to create a sequel he started by combining many different elements of Montgomery's three later books: Anne of Avonlea (1909), Anne of the Island (1915), and Anne of Windy Poplars (1936) into a cohesive screen story. Sullivan invented his own plotline relying on several of Montgomery's episodic storylines spread across the three sequels, He also looked at numerous other nineteenth century femaleauthors for inspiration in fleshing out the screen story. The film succeeded in re-popularizing Megan Follows and Colleen Dewhurst in their original roles. Sullivan also cast British veteran actress and Oscar winner, Wendy Hiller, in the role of the impossible Mrs. Harris, a character Sullivan specifically invented for the storyline, based on a composite of several matriarchs found in the series of novels. In Canada, the film became the highest rated drama to air on network television in Canadian broadcasting history. This Sequel became known as Anne of Green Gables - The Sequel when shown around the world, and asAnne of Avonlea - the Continuing Story of Anne of Green Gables when it premiered on The Disney Channel. ACE Award nomination Megan Follows was nominated for an ACE Award in 1988 by the National Academy of Cable Programing in the Ninth Annual System Awards for Cable Excellence for Disney's "Anne of Avonlea". Home Box Office led with 112 nominations for the ACE Award, or Award for Cable Excellence. Showtime was awarded 48, Arts & Entertainment 33, and the Disney Channel and Cable News Network 10 each, respectively. 30 categories of the 174 ACE Awards were presented on a liveinformation on the Anne movies and its spinoffs Road to Avonlea Website - The official website for Road to Avonlea, the spinoff to the Green Gables series of movies L.M. Montgomery Online Formerly the L.M. Montgomery Research Group, this site includes a blog, extensive lists of primary and secondary materials, detailed information about Montgomery's publishing history, and a filmography of screen adaptations of Montgomery texts. See, in particular, the page for Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel. Category:1980s Canadian television miniseries Category:1987 films Category:Anne of Green Gables films Category:CBC Television shows Category:Films directed by Kevin Sullivan Category:Films set in Nova
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