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### User: Russell Ira Crowe (born 7 April 1964) is an actor, film producer and musician. Although a New Zealand citizen, he has lived most of his life in Australia. He came to international attention for his role as the Roman General Maximus Decimus Meridius in the historical film Gladiator (2000), directed by Ridley Scott, for which Crowe won an Academy Award, a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, an Empire Award, and a London Film Critics Circle Award for best actor, along with ten other nominations in the same category. Crowe's other award-winning performances include portrayals of tobacco firm whistle-blower Jeffrey WigandHollywood Walk of Fame, one Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, one BAFTA and one Academy Award out of three consecutive nominations (1999, 2000, and 2001). Crowe has also been the co-owner of the National Rugby League (NRL) team South Sydney Rabbitohs since 2006. Early life Crowe was born on 7 April 1964 in the Wellington suburb of Strathmore Park, New Zealand, the son of Jocelyn Yvonne Wemyss and John Alexander Crowe, both of whom were film set caterers; his father also managed a hotel. Crowe's maternal grandfather, Stan Wemyss, was a cinematographer who was appointed an MBE for filmingfootage of World War II. Crowe's paternal grandfather, John Doubleday Crowe, was from Wrexham, Wales, while one of Crowe's maternal great-great-grandmothers was Māori. Crowe also has English, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Scottish, Swedish and Welsh ancestry. He is a cousin of former New Zealand cricket captains Martin Crowe and Jeff Crowe, and nephew of cricketer Dave Crowe. Russell has built a cricket field named after his uncle. When Crowe was four years old, his family moved to Sydney, Australia, where his parents pursued a career in set catering. The producer of the Australian TV series Spyforce was his mother's godfather,and Crowe (at age five or six) was hired for a line of dialogue in one episode, opposite series star Jack Thompson (in 1994 Thompson played the father of Crowe's character in The Sum of Us). Crowe also appeared briefly in the serial The Young Doctors. Crowe was educated at Vaucluse Public School but later moved to Sydney Boys High School. When he was 14, his family moved back to New Zealand where, along with his brother Terry, he attended Auckland Grammar School (also attended by his cousins Martin Crowe and Jeff Crowe). He then continued his secondary education atMount Roskill Grammar School, which he left at the age 16 to pursue his ambition of becoming an actor. Career New Zealand Crowe began his performing career as a musician in the early 1980s, under guidance from his good friend Tom Sharplin, when he performed under the stage name "Russ Le Roq". He released several New Zealand singles including "I Just Wanna Be Like Marlon Brando", "Pier 13", "Shattered Glass", none of which charted. He managed an Auckland music venue called "The Venue" in 1984. When he was 18, he was featured in A Very Special Person..., a promotional videofor the theology/ministry course at Avondale College, a Seventh-day Adventist tertiary education provider in New South Wales, Australia. Australia Crowe returned to Australia at age 21, intending to apply to the National Institute of Dramatic Art. "I was working in a theatre show, and talked to a guy who was then the head of technical support at NIDA", Crowe has recalled. "I asked him what he thought about me spending three years at NIDA. He told me it'd be a waste of time. He said, 'You already do the things you go there to learn, and you've been doing itfor most of your life, so there's nothing to teach you but bad habits.'" From 1986 to 1988, he was given his first professional role by director Daniel Abineri, in a New Zealand production of The Rocky Horror Show. He played the role of Eddie/Dr Scott. He repeated this performance in a further Australian production of the show, which also toured New Zealand. In 1987, Crowe spent six months busking when he could not find other work. In the 1988 Australian production of Blood Brothers, Crowe played the role of Mickey. He was also cast again by Daniel Abineri inPolice Rescue. Also in 1992, Crowe starred in Romper Stomper, an Australian film which followed the exploits and downfall of a racist skinhead group in blue-collar suburban Melbourne, directed by Geoffrey Wright and co-starring Jacqueline McKenzie. For the role, Crowe won an Australian Film Institute (AFI) award for Best Actor, following up from his Best Supporting Actor award for Proof in 1991. In 2015, it was reported that Crowe had applied for Australian citizenship in 2006 and again in 2013 but was rejected because he failed to fulfill the residency requirements. However, Australia's Immigration Department said it had no recordof any such application by Crowe. North America After initial success in Australia, Crowe first starred in a Canadian production in 1993, For the Moment, before concentrating on American films. He co-starred with Denzel Washington in Virtuosity (the duo later appearing together in American Gangster) and with Sharon Stone in The Quick and the Dead in 1995. He went on to become a three-time Oscar nominee, winning the Academy Award as Best Actor in 2000 for Gladiator. Crowe was awarded the (Australian) Centenary Medal in 2001 for "service to Australian society and Australian film production." Crowe received three consecutive bestactor Oscar nominations, for The Insider, Gladiator, and A Beautiful Mind. Crowe won the best actor award for A Beautiful Mind at the 2002 BAFTA award ceremony, as well as the Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild awards for the same performance. Although nominated for an Academy Award, he lost to Denzel Washington. All three films were also nominated for best picture, and both Gladiator and A Beautiful Mind won the award. Within the six-year stretch from 1997 to 2003, he also starred in two other best picture nominees, L.A. Confidential and Master and Commander: The Far Side of thefuture music would take a new direction. He began a collaboration with Alan Doyle of the Canadian band Great Big Sea, and with it a new band emerged: The Ordinary Fear of God which also involved some members of the previous TOFOG line-up. A new single, Raewyn, was released in April 2005 and an album entitled My Hand, My Heart which was released and is available for download on iTunes. The album includes a tribute song to actor Richard Harris, who became Crowe's friend during the making of Gladiator. Russell Crowe & The Ordinary Fear of God set out tobreak the new band in by performing a successful sold out series of dates of Australia in 2005, and then in 2006, returned to the US to promote their new release My Hand, My Heart with another sold-out US Tour and major press, radio and television appearances. In March 2010, Russell Crowe & The Ordinary Fear of God's version of the John Williamson song "Winter Green" was included on a new compilation album The Absolute Best of John Williamson: 40 Years True Blue, commemorating the singer-songwriter's milestone of 40 years in the Australian music industry. As of May 2011, theredonation was not disclosed. On another occasion, Crowe donated $200,000 to a struggling primary school near his home in rural Australia. The money went towards an $800,000 project to construct a swimming pool at the school. Crowe's sympathies were sparked when a pupil drowned at the nearby Coffs Harbour beach in 2001, and he felt the pool would help students become better swimmers and improve their water safety. At the opening ceremony, he dived into the pool fully clothed as soon as it was declared open. Nana Glen principal Laurie Renshall said, "The many things he does up here, peoplejust don't know about. We've been trying to get a pool for 10 years." Personal life In 1989, Crowe met Australian singer Danielle Spencer while working on the film The Crossing. The two began an on-again, off-again relationship. In 2000, Crowe became romantically involved with co-star Meg Ryan while working on their film Proof of Life. In 2001, Crowe and Spencer reconciled, and they married two years later in April 2003. The wedding took place at Crowe's cattle property in Nana Glen, New South Wales, with the ceremony taking place on Crowe's 39th birthday. The couple have two sons: CharlesSpencer Crowe, born 21 December 2003 and Tennyson Spencer Crowe, born 7 July 2006. In October 2012, it was reported that Crowe and Spencer had separated. The divorce was finalised in April 2018. Crowe resides in Australia. In 2011, he and his family moved to a house in Sydney's affluent Rose Bay. Crowe also owns a house in the North Queensland city of Townsville, purchased in May 2008. He is reportedly frugal with money, and is known to drive an old Jeep. In the beginning of 2009, Crowe appeared in a series of special-edition postage stamps called "Legends of theHotel in Coffs Harbour, Australia, which was caught on security video. Two men were acquitted of using the video in an attempt to blackmail Crowe. Four years later, when part of Crowe's appearance at the 2002 BAFTA awards was cut out to fit into the BBC's tape-delayed broadcast, Crowe used strong language during an argument with producer Malcolm Gerrie. The part cut was a poem in tribute to actor Richard Harris, and it was cut for copyright reasons. Crowe later apologised, saying "What I said to him may have been a little bit more passionate than now, in the coldlight of day, I would have liked it to have been." Later that year, Crowe was alleged to have been involved in a brawl with businessman and fellow New Zealander Eric Watson inside the London branch of Zuma, a fashionable Japanese restaurant chain. The fight was broken up by British actor Ross Kemp. In June 2005, Crowe was arrested and charged with second-degree assault by New York City police after he threw a telephone at the concierge of the Mercer Hotel who had refused to help him place a call when the system did not work from Crowe's room. Hewas also charged with fourth-degree criminal possession of a weapon (the telephone). The concierge was treated for a facial laceration. After his arrest, Crowe underwent a perp walk, a procedure customary in New York City, exposing the handcuffed suspect to the news media to take pictures. This procedure was under discussion as potentially violating Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Crowe later described the incident as "possibly the most shameful situation that I've ever gotten myself in...". Crowe pleaded guilty and was conditionally discharged. Before the trial, he settled a lawsuit filed by the concierge, Nestor Estrada.Charlie Rose: "I think it indelibly changed me. It was a very, very minor situation that was made into something outrageous. More violence perpetuated me walking between the car to the courtroom with the waiting media than anything I'd done ... it very definitely affected me ... psychologically." Sport Rugby league Crowe has been a supporter of the rugby league football team the South Sydney Rabbitohs since childhood. Since his rise to fame as an actor, he has continued appearing at home games, and supported the financially troubled club. Following the Super League war of the 1990s, Crowe made anattempt to use his Hollywood connections to convince Ted Turner, rival of Super League's Rupert Murdoch, to save the Rabbitohs before they were forced from the National Rugby League competition for two years. In 1999, Crowe paid $42,000 at auction for the brass bell used to open the inaugural rugby league match in Australia in 1908 at a fundraiser to assist Souths' legal battle for re-inclusion in the league. In 2005, he made the Rabbitohs the first club team in Australia to be sponsored by a film, when he negotiated a deal to advertise his film Cinderella Man on theirjerseys. On 19 March 2006, the voting members of the South Sydney club voted (in a 75.8% majority) to allow Crowe and businessman Peter Holmes à Court to purchase 75% of the organisation, leaving 25% ownership with the members. It cost them A$3 million, and they received four of eight seats on the board of directors. A six-part television miniseries entitled South Side Story depicting the takeover aired in Australia in 2007. On 5 November 2006, Crowe appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to announce that Firepower International was sponsoring the South Sydney Rabbitohs for $3 million overthree years. During a Tonight Show with Jay Leno appearance, Crowe showed viewers a Rabbitoh playing jersey with Firepower's name emblazoned on it. Crowe helped to organise a rugby league game that took place at the University of North Florida, in Jacksonville, Florida, between the South Sydney Rabbitohs and the 2007 Super League Grand Final winners the Leeds Rhinos on 26 January 2008 (Australia Day). Crowe told ITV Local Yorkshire the game was not a marketing exercise. Crowe wrote a letter of apology to a Sydney newspaper following the sacking of South Sydney's coach Jason Taylor and one of theirTeam containing Steve Waugh against an English side in the 'Hollywood Ashes' Cricket Match. On 17 July 2009, Crowe took to the commentary box for the British sports channel, Sky Sports, as the 'third man' during the second Test of the 2009 Ashes series, between England and Australia. Two of his cousins, Martin Crowe and Jeff Crowe, captained the New Zealand national cricket team. Crowe is a fan of the New Zealand All Blacks rugby team. He is friends with Lloyd Carr, the former coach of the University of Michigan Wolverines American football team, and Carr used Crowe's movie CinderellaMan to motivate his 2006 team following a 7–5 season the previous year. Upon hearing of this, Crowe called Carr and invited him to Australia to address his rugby league team, the South Sydney Rabbitohs, which Carr did the following summer. In September 2007, after Carr came under fire following the Wolverines' 0–2 start, Crowe travelled to Ann Arbor, Michigan for the Wolverines' 15 September game against Notre Dame to show his support for Carr. He addressed the team before the game and watched from the sidelines as the Wolverines defeated the Irish 38–0. Crowe is also a fan ofthe National Football League. On 22 October 2007, Crowe appeared in the booth of a Monday night game between the Indianapolis Colts and the Jacksonville Jaguars. He is also a fan of Leeds United and narrated the Take us Home: Leeds United Amazon Prime documentary. Filmography and awards Crowe has appeared in 44 films and three television series since his career began in 1985. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for Gladiator (2000) and was nominated twice more for The Insider (1999) and A Beautiful Mind (2001), making him the ninth actor to have received three consecutive AcademyAward nominations. He has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations (winning two), three BAFTA award nominations (winning one) and three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations (winning one). See also List of NRL club owners Russell Crowe's jockstrap References External links with stv.tv, November 2007 Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century Australian male actors Category:20th-century Australian singers Category:20th-century New Zealand male actors Category:21st-century Australian male actors Category:21st-century Australian singers Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors Category:Australian film producers Category:Australian male film actors Category:Australian male singers Category:Australian male television actors Category:Australian monarchists Category:Australian Christians Category:Australian people of English descent Category:Australian people of Germandescent Category:Australian people of Irish descent Category:Australian people of Italian descent Category:Australian people of Māori descent Category:Australian people of New Zealand descent Category:Australian people of Norwegian descent Category:Australian people of Scottish descent Category:Australian people of Swedish descent Category:Australian people of Welsh descent Category:Australian rock singers Category:Best Actor AACTA Award winners Category:Best Supporting Actor AACTA Award winners Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Actor Empire Award winners Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners Category:Male actors from Sydney Category:Male actors of German descent Category:Male actors of Italiandescent Category:Ngāti Porou Category:New Zealand emigrants to Australia Category:New Zealand film producers Category:New Zealand male film actors Category:New Zealand male singers Category:New Zealand male television actors Category:New Zealand monarchists Category:New Zealand Christians Category:New Zealand people of English descent Category:New Zealand people of German descent Category:New Zealand people of Irish descent Category:New Zealand people of Italian descent Category:New Zealand people of Norwegian descent Category:New Zealand people of Scottish descent Category:New Zealand people of Swedish descent Category:New Zealand people of Welsh descent Category:New Zealand people of Māori descent Category:New Zealand rock singers Category:New Zealand rugby league chairmen and investors Category:Outstanding Performance by ### Assistant:
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### User: Dream of a Cossack (, translit. Kavalier zolotoy zvezdy) is a 1951 Soviet drama film directed by Yuli Raizman based on the novel The Golden Star Chavalier by Semyon Babayevsky. It was entered into the 1951 Cannes Film Festival. Plot Sergei Tutarinov, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, returns to his native village to take an active part in its restoration. His initiatives are strongly supported by the local Secretary of the Communist Party. Tutarinov becomes chairman of the party and begins to rebuild the whole town after the defeat of the Germans. Cast Sergei Bondarchuk as Semyon Tutarinov ### Assistant:
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### User: Baby Brokers is a 1994 American drama film directed by Mimi Leder and written by Susan Nanus. The film stars Cybill Shepherd, Nina Siemaszko, Anna Maria Horsford, Jeffrey Nordling, Tom O'Brien, Joseph Maher and Shirley Knight. The film premiered on NBC on February 21, 1994. Plot Cast Cybill Shepherd as Debbie Freeman Nina Siemaszko as Leeanne Dees Anna Maria Horsford as Randi Jeffrey Nordling as John Tom O'Brien as Frankie Dees Joseph Maher as Leo Shirley Knight as Sylvia Gary Werntz as Dick Plager Leah Lail as Carly Lou Liberatore as Tom Culbert Scott Jaeck as Scott Tillman Lynn Milgrim ### Assistant:
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### User: John Robert Murdock (April 20, 1885 – February 14, 1972) was a U.S. Representative from Arizona. Born in Homestead near Lewistown, Missouri, Murdock attended the public schools. He graduated from State Teachers' College, Kirksville, Missouri, in 1912 and received a bachelor's degree at the University of Iowa in 1925. He attended graduate school at the University of Arizona and at the University of California at Berkeley. He was an elementary school teacher and principal in Missouri before he went to the University of Iowa. He was an instructor in the Normal School at Tempe, Arizona, predecessor of Arizona State University.He was then Dean of this institution from 1933 to 1937. He wrote several textbooks on history and government. Murdock was elected as a Democrat to the 75th Congress and to the seven succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1937 to January 3, 1953. For his first six terms, he was one of two at-large congressmen from Arizona. When the state was split into two districts in 1948, Murdock was elected from the 1st District, comprising Phoenix and Maricopa County. He served as chairman of the Committee on Memorials (Seventy-eighth Congress), Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation (Seventy-ninth Congress), and Committeeon Interior and Insular Affairs (Eighty-second Congress). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1952 to the Eighty-third Congress, losing to Republican challenger John Jacob Rhodes. He was the first Democratic incumbent to lose a House election in the state. He was married to Myrtle Cheney Murdock, who popularized the accomplishments of Constantino Brumidi. He retired and resided in Scottsdale, Arizona and died in Phoenix, Arizona on February 14, 1972. He was interred in Double Butte Cemetery, Tempe, Arizona. See also List of members of the House Un-American Activities Committee References External links Category:1885 births Category:1972 deaths Category:University of ### Assistant:
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### User: Never Trust a Pretty Face is the third studio album by French singer Amanda Lear, released by the West German label Ariola Records in 1979. The album included notable hit singles "The Sphinx" and "Fashion Pack (Studio 54)", and turned out a commercial and critical success. Background After two successful albums, Lear was teamed up again with producer Anthony Monn to work on their next effort. Never Trust a Pretty Face was recorded between September and December 1978 at Musicland Studios in Munich, Germany, and released in early 1979. Most songs were composed by Monn, and all lyrics but onewere written by Lear herself. Musically, the album was a combination of disco, which was at the peak of its popularity at that time, with other musical genres, such as rock on "Forget It", cabaret music on "Miroir" and electronica on "Black Holes" and "Intellectually". It also included a German-English dance version of a war-time classic "Lili Marleen" and a number of ballads, making it one of Lear's most diverse albums. The song "Black Holes" was dedicated to Salvador Dalí. The promotional campaign for Never Trust a Pretty Face effectively continued to play on Lear's "devil in disguise" persona, portrayingher as a mythological creature on the album cover, smiling innocently in the Egyptian desert with angel's wings and a snake's tail. The same image was reproduced on a giant 24"×36" fold-out poster which came with most European editions. The picture on the back cover of the album depicted Amanda dressed in a suit, complete with a bow tie, holding a cigarette, referencing Marlene Dietrich's classic gender-bending image. The ballad "The Sphinx" was released as the lead single in the autumn 1978 to a considerable chart success. The second single was the upbeat disco track "Fashion Pack" which turned outmoderately successful across Europe. "Lili Marleen" was released as a promotional single and charted in Italy. In France, the album included a German-French language version of "Lili Marleen". For the UK release, the track listing was re-arranged and additionally included an edit of "Blood and Honey", a hit single from Lear's debut album. A picture disc edition was also released in the UK, containing "Blood and Honey", an English language recording of "Miroir" and an extended version of "Dreamer (South Pacific)". In Argentina, the album was released as Nunca confíes en una cara bonita. The record was a commercial success,performing best in France, where it reached the Top 10. It also placed within the Top 20 in Canadian Disco Albums Chart, being one of the very few Amanda Lear's releases to have charted on the North American continent. The album is now widely recognized as one of Lear's best works and holds the "Album Pick" status on AllMusic. Lear was also the fourth most popular female artist in Germany in 1979. The rights to the Ariola-Eurodisc back catalogue are currently held by Sony BMG. Like most of Amanda's albums from the Ariola Records era, Never Trust a Pretty Facehas not received the official CD re-issue, excluding Russian bootleg re-releases. Track listing Original release Side A "Fashion Pack" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 5:05 "Forget It" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:10 "Lili Marleen" (Norbert Schultze, Hans Leip, Tommie Connor) – 4:40 "Never Trust a Pretty Face" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:45 Side B "The Sphinx" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:20 "Black Holes" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 5:00 "Intellectually" (Charly Ricanek, Amanda Lear) – 4:15 "Miroir" (Amanda Lear) – 2:00 "Dreamer (South Pacific)" (Rainer Pietsch, Amanda Lear) – 5:10 UK edition Side A "Fashion Pack" (AnthonyMonn, Amanda Lear) – 5:05 "Forget It" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:10 "Intellectually" (Charly Ricanek, Amanda Lear) – 4:15 "Blood and Honey" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 3:10 "Never Trust a Pretty Face" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:45 Side B "The Sphinx" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:20 "Black Holes" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 5:00 "Lili Marleen" (Norbert Schultze, Hans Leip, Tommie Connor) – 4:40 "Miroir" (Amanda Lear) – 2:00 "Dreamer (South Pacific)" (Rainer Pietsch, Amanda Lear) – 5:10 UK picture disc Side A "Fashion Pack" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 5:05 "Forget It" (Anthony Monn, AmandaLear) – 4:10 "Intellectually" (Charly Ricanek, Amanda Lear) – 4:15 "Blood & Honey" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:45 "Never Trust a Pretty Face" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:45 Side B "The Sphinx" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:20 "Black Holes" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 5:00 "Lili Marleen" (Norbert Schultze, Hans Leip, Tommie Connor) – 4:40 "Mirrors" (Amanda Lear) – 2:00 "Dreamer (South Pacific)" (Rainer Pietsch, Amanda Lear) – 5:58 Personnel Amanda Lear – lead vocals Geoff Bastow – guitar Etienne Cap – brass Judy Cheeks – backing vocals Curt Cress – drums George Delagaye – brass Wolly ### Assistant:
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### User: Stephen Carse (born May 22, 1965), credited as Steph Carse and formerly credited as Stef Carse on his French albums, is a Canadian pop singer. Career Originally from Montreal, Quebec, Carse began his career in the 1990s. His first major television appearance was on TF1 in France on the show "Sacrée Soirée" with an audience of 17 million viewers. He sang an original French song called "Je voudrais lui dire", and was presented as "The Number One of Tomorrow". The song was released as a single on Sony France. His earliest hits were French translations of country hits such as ### Assistant:
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### User: Polish Requiem (original Polish title: Requiem; ), also A Polish Requiem, is a large-scale requiem mass for soloists, mixed choir and orchestra by the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki. The Lacrimosa, dedicated to the trade union leader Lech Wałęsa, was written for the unveiling of a statue at the to commemorate those killed in the Polish anti-government riots in 1970. He expanded the work into a requiem, writing other parts to honour different patriotic events over the next four years. The Polish Requiem was first performed in Stuttgart on 28 September 1984. Penderecki revised and expanded the work in 1993, andNational Symphony Orchestra, soloists, Choral Arts Society of Washington, conductor Mstislav Rostropovich. Premiere: 28 September 1984, Stuttgart, Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart, Choir of the Staatsoper Stuttgart and Südfunk-Chor, Phyllis Bryn-Julson, Doris Soffel, Ryszard Karczykowski, Stafford Dean, conductor Mstislaw Rostropowitsch Premiere of the revised version: 11 November 1993, Stockholm, Penderecki Festival 1993, Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra and Chorus, Katarina Dalayman, Brigitta Svendén, Zachos Terzakis, Kurt Rydl, conductor Krzysztof Penderecki Premiere of the final version: September 17, 2005 – St. Mary Magdalene Church (Wrocław, Poland), Wratislavia Cantans 2005, Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Katowice, The Katowice City Singers’ Ensemble Camerata Silesia, Izabela Kłosińska, JadwigaRappé, Adam Zdunikowski, Piotr Nowacki, conductor: Krzysztof Penderecki Recordings Polish Requiem, Jadwiga Gadulanka (soprano), Jadwiga Rappé (mezzo-soprano), Henryk Grychnik (tenor), Carlo Zardo (bass), Polish Radio and Television Choir, Cracow Philharmonic Choir, Polish Radio National Symphony Orchestra, conductor Antoni Wit (1985) Polish Requiem, Ingrid Haubold (soprano), Grazyna Winogrodska (mezzo-soprano), Zachos Terzakis (tenor), Malcolm Smith (bass), NDR Chor, Chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks, NDR Sinfonieorchester. conductor Krzysztof Penderecki (1990) A Polish Requiem, Jadwiga Gadulanka (soprano), Jadwiga Rappé (mezzo-soprano), Zachos Terzakis (tenor), Piotr Nowacki (bass), Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Chorus & Orchestra, conducted by Krzysztof Penderecki, Chandos (1995) A Polish Requiem, Izabela Klosinska, Jadwiga Rappé,Ryszard Minkiewicz, Piotr Nowacki, Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Antoni Wit, Naxos (2004) Performances and recordings of the Ciaccona Premiere: 17 September 2005 Wroclaw, St. Mary Magdalene, Wratislavia Cantans 2005, Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Katowice, conductor Krzysztof Penderecki Concert for the 75th birthday of the composer: 11 July 2008 Eberbach Abbey, Rheingau Musik Festival, Sinfonietta Cracovia, conductor Krzysztof Penderecki 22 May 2009 Seoul Arts Center, Seoul International Music Festival, Opening concert Beyond Ideology, Korean Chamber Orchestra recording Music for Chamber Orchestra, Sinfonia Varsovia, conductor Krzystof Penderecki, Dux Recording (2009) Agnus Dei for cellos Penderecki arranged the Agnus Dei ### Assistant:
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### User: Sahib Shihab (born Edmund Gregory; June 23, 1925, Savannah, Georgia – October 24, 1989, Nashville, Tennessee) was an American jazz and hard bop saxophonist (baritone, alto, and soprano) and flautist. He variously worked with Luther Henderson, Thelonious Monk, Fletcher Henderson, Tadd Dameron, and Dizzy Gillespie amongst others. Biography Edmund Gregory first played alto saxophone professionally for Luther Henderson at age 13 and went on to study at the Boston Conservatory and to play with trumpeter Roy Eldridge. He played lead alto with Fletcher Henderson in the mid 1940s. He was one of the first jazz musicians to convert to Islamhe toured Europe with Quincy Jones after getting disillusioned with racial politics in United States and ultimately settled in Scandinavia. He worked for Copenhagen Polytechnic and wrote scores for television, cinema and theatre. In 1961, he joined the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band and remained a member of the band for the 12 years it existed. He married a Danish woman and raised a family in Europe, although he remained a conscious African-American still sensitive to racial issues. In the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, Shihab accompanied Lill Lindfors and Svante Thuresson on stage for the Swedish entry "Nygammal Vals". In1973, Shihab returned to the United States for a three-year hiatus, working as a session man for rock and pop artists and also doing some copy writing for local musicians. He spent his remaining years between New York and Europe and played in a partnership with Art Farmer. From 1985-86, Shihab was a visiting artist at Rutgers University. Shihab died on October 24, 1989, in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, aged 64. Discography Por leader 1957: The Jazz We Heard Last Summer (Savoy) split album shared with Herbie Mann 1957: Jazz Sahib (Savoy) 1963: Sahib's Jazz Party (Debut) also released asConversations 1964: Summer Dawn (Argo) 1965: Sahib Shihab and the Danish Radio Jazz Group (Oktav) 1968: Seeds (Vogue Schallplatten) 1964-70: Companionship (Vogue Schallplatten) 1972: Sentiments (Storyville) 1972: La Marche dans le Désert - Sahib Shihab + Gilson Unit (Futura) 1973: Flute Summit (Atlantic) with Jeremy Steig, James Moody and Chris Hinze 1988: Soul Mates (Uptown) with Charlie Rouse 1998: And All Those Cats (compilation) As sideman With Art Blakey Theory of Art (1957) Art Blakey Big Band (Bethlehem, 1957) With Brass Fever Time Is Running Out (Impulse!, 1976) With Donald Byrd Jazz Lab (Columbia, 1957) with Gigi Gryce Modern JazzPerspective (Columbia, 1957) with Gigi Gryce With Betty Carter Out There (1958) I Can't Help It (1992) With the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band Jazz Is Universal (Atlantic, 1962) Handle with Care (Atlantic, 1963) Now Hear Our Meanin' (Columbia, 1963 [1965]) Swing, Waltz, Swing (Philips, 1966) Sax No End (SABA, 1967) Out of the Folk Bag (Columbia, 1967) 17 Men and Their Music (Campi, 1967) All Smiles (MPS, 1968) Faces (MPS, 1969) Latin Kaleidoscope (MPS, 1968) Fellini 712 (MPS, 1969) All Blues (MPS, 1969) More Smiles (MPS, 1969) Clarke Boland Big Band en Concert avec Europe 1 (Tréma, 1969 [1992])Off Limits (Polydor, 1970) November Girl (Black Lion, 1970 [1975]) with Carmen McRae Change of Scenes (Verve, 1971) with Stan Getz With John Coltrane Coltrane (1957) With Tadd Dameron Fontainebleau (1956) With Art Farmer Manhattan (Soul Note, 1981) With Curtis Fuller and Hampton Hawes Curtis Fuller and Hampton Hawes with French Horns (Status, 1957 [1962]) - also released as Baritones and French Horns (Prestige, 1957) With Dizzy Gillespie Jazz Recital (Norgran, 1955) The Dizzy Gillespie Reunion Big Band (MPS, 1968) With Benny Golson Benny Golson's New York Scene (Contemporary, 1957) Take a Number from 1 to 10 (Argo, 1961) WithJohnny Griffin Lady Heavy Bottom's Waltz (1968) Griff 'N Bags With George Gruntz Noon in Tunisia (1967) With Roy Haynes Jazz Abroad (Emarcy, 1955) With Milt Jackson Plenty, Plenty Soul (Atlantic, 1957) With Philly Joe Jones Drums Around the World (Riverside, 1959) With Quincy Jones The Birth of a Band! (Mercury, 1959) The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones (Mercury, 1959) I Dig Dancers (Mercury, 1960) Quincy Plays for Pussycats (Mercury, 1959-65 [1965]) With Abbey Lincoln It's Magic (Riverside, 1958)With Howard McGheeThe Return of Howard McGhee (Bethlehem, 1955)With Thelonious MonkGenius of Modern Music: Volume 1With Phineas Newborn, Jr.Phineas Newborn, Jr.Plays Harold Arlen's Music from Jamaica (RCA Victor, 1957)With Oscar PettifordThe Oscar Pettiford Orchestra in Hi-Fi Volume Two (ABC-Paramount, 1957)With Specs PowellMovin' In (Roulette, 1957)With A. K. SalimBlues Suite (Savoy, 1958)With Tony Scott The Modern Art of Jazz (1957, Seeco) - with Bill Evans, Paul Motian Free Blown Jazz (1957, Carlton) - with Bill Evans, Paul MotianWith Mal WaldronMal-2 (1957)With Julius Watkins and Charlie RouseThe Jazz Modes (Atlantic, 1959)With Randy WestonUhuru Afrika (Roulette, 1960)With Gene Quill, Hal Stein and Phil Woods Four Altos (Prestige, 1957)]With Phil WoodsRights of Swing (Candid, 1961)With Idrees Sulieman'The Camel'' (Columbia, 1964) References Category:1925 births Category:1989 ### Assistant:
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### User: Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima (1887–1964) was the foremost Brazilian entomologist of his time, and his still-consulted works continue to assure his place in the history of science as the "Father" of Brazilian entomology. Life Costa Lima, as he is called in Brazil, was born on June 29, 1887, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Valeriano Moreira da Costa Lima and Rosa Delfina Brum de Lima. Works The legacy of Costa Lima rests on his many contributions to Brazilian entomology. His Terceiro Catálogo was for many years the most consulted work on Brazilian plant-insect associations. It has since been replacedby the Quarto Catálogo that was directly based on Costa Lima's earlier work. Costa Lima's Insetos do Brasil in eleven volumes is a valuable resource on Brazilian entomology and is regularly consulted even today. Honorary Fellow of the Association for Tropical Biology (and Conservation) 1963, References d’Araújo e Silva, A. G., Gonçalves, C. R., Galvão, D. M., et al.. (1967–1968). Quarto catálogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil, seus parasitos e predadores. Rio de Janeiro. Bloch, P. (1968). Vida e obra de Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima . Rio de Janeiro: Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas. Costa Lima, A. ### Assistant:
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### User: Lee Odelein (March 4, 1967 – c. February 1, 2017), was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenseman. Career Odelein started his career with the Johnstown Chiefs of the East Coast Hockey League, playing 33 games between 1989 and 1991. He later joined the Flint Bulldogs of the Colonial Hockey League in 1991. Odelein later joined the Bracknell Bees of the British Hockey League. Stick-swinging incident As a member of the Bees, Odelein was involved in an incident that resulted in a broken jaw and a concussion by Murrayfield Racers defenseman Roger Hunt after Odelein hit Racers' forward Kyle McDonough overand 123 points and also led the team with 64 assists. Odelein retired after the 1992-93 season. Personal Lee Odelein was the brother of Lyle Odelein and Selmar Odelein, who have both played in the National Hockey League. Lee died on February 1, 2017. Records Bristol Bulldogs Assists: 64 Goals by a defenseman: 59 Points by a defenseman: 123 References 5. http://www.independentsportsnews.com/2017/02/02/hmm-las-vegas-or-nanaimo-chiefs-sign-coach-to-extension-former-sjhl-coach-dies-at-49/ External links Category:1967 births Category:2017 deaths Category:Bracknell Bees players Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen Category:Canadian people of German descent Category:Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Category:Flint Bulldogs players Category:Johnstown Chiefs players Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in England Category:Canadian expatriate ### Assistant:
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### User: Zelda II: The Adventure of Link is an action role-playing video game with platforming elements. The second installment in The Legend of Zelda series, it was developed and published by Nintendo for the Family Computer Disk System on January 14, 1987, less than a year after the original The Legend of Zelda was released and seven months before North America saw the release of the first Zelda title. The game was released in North America and the PAL region for the Nintendo Entertainment System in late 1988, almost two years after its initial release in Japan. The Adventure of Linkis a direct sequel to the original The Legend of Zelda, again involving the protagonist, Link, on a quest to save Princess Zelda, who has fallen under a sleeping spell. The Adventure of Link emphasis on side-scrolling and role-playing elements was a significant departure from its predecessor. For much of the series' three decade history, the game served as the only technical sequel to the original title, as all other entries in the series were either prequels or occurred in an alternative reality, according to the official Zelda timeline. This eventually changed with the release of The Legend of Zelda:Breath of the Wild in 2017, which serves as the latest chapter in the overall continuity. The game was a critical and financial success, and introduced elements such as Link's "magic meter" and the Dark Link character that would become commonplace in future Zelda games, although the role-playing elements, such as experience points, and the platform-style side-scrolling and limited lives have not been used since in canonical games. The Adventure of Link was followed by The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. Gameplay Zelda II: The Adventure of Link isan action role-playing game, bearing little resemblance to the first or later entries in The Legend of Zelda series. The Adventure of Link features side-scrolling areas within a larger top-down world map, rather than the mostly top-down perspective of the previous title, which only used side-scrolling in a few dungeon basement areas. The side-scrolling gameplay and experience system are similar to features of the Castlevania series, especially Castlevania II: Simon's Quest. The game incorporates a strategic combat system, a proximity continue system based on lives, an experience points system, magic spells, and more interaction with non-player characters. Apart from thenon-canonical CD-i The Legend of Zelda games, Link: The Faces of Evil and Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon, no other game in the series includes a life feature. The side angle was used again in Link's Awakening and the other Game Boy entries, but was not the main angle in those games, which relied primarily on the top-down view. Experience levels In this installment, Link gains experience points to upgrade his attack, magic, and life by defeating enemies. He can raise each of these attributes to a maximum of eight levels. Raising a life level will decrease the damage Linkadvances in that attribute will earn Link an extra life, without advancing the attribute itself. Link begins the game with four Heart Containers and four Magic Containers and can acquire up to four more of each, permanently increasing his life points and magic points respectively. Other games in The Legend of Zelda series only allow Link to increase his strength through new weapons, items, and Heart Containers. Certain enemies drain Link's experience when they attack, but he will never lose a level once raised. When a game ends or is saved, the cartridge records Link's current ability levels and thenumber of experience points required for the next increase, but resets his accumulated points to zero. Overworld map and side-scrolling The Adventure of Link plays out in a two-mode dynamic. The overworld, the area where the majority of the action occurs in other The Legend of Zelda games, is still from a top-down perspective, but it now serves as a hub to the other areas. Whenever Link enters a new area such as a town, the game switches to a side-scrolling view. This mode is where most of the action takes place, and, with the exception of traveling across lavastoring up to three games in the cartridge's memory. Once the game has been completed, selecting the corresponding file in the main menu allows starting a new game preserving the acquired experience levels, techniques, and magic spells (but no special items, Heart and Magic containers, or extra lives, which must be obtained again). Plot Several years after the events of The Legend of Zelda, the now-16-year-old Link notices a strange mark on the back of his left hand, exactly like the crest of Hyrule. He seeks out Impa, who takes him to the North Castle, where a door has beenpalaces and enters the Great Palace. After venturing deep inside, Link battles a flying creature known as Thunderbird, followed by his shadowy doppelgänger Dark Link. Link then claims the Triforce of Courage and returns to Zelda. The three triangles unite into the collective Triforce, and Link's wish awakens Zelda. The game ends as they (presumably) kiss under a falling curtain. Development and releases Shigeru Miyamoto, the co-creator of the original The Legend of Zelda, intended to make Zelda II: The Adventure of Link fundamentally different from its predecessor. A separate team from the first installment's was assembled to develop thesequel. However, Miyamoto (who was credited under the pseudonym "Miyahon") was still involved as the producer, and Takashi Tezuka returned to write the story and script. Zelda II: The Adventure of Link had two directors: for director Tadashi Sugiyama (credited under the pseudonym "Sugiyan"), it was the first major project at Nintendo. The game's other director, Yasuhisa Yamamura, was credited under his nickname "Yamahen". Rather than Koji Kondo composing the sequel, Akito Nakatsuka (credited as "Tsukasan") created the music. The Adventure of Link was originally released on the Family Computer Disk System (FDS) before its worldwide release. Like its predecessor,Ganon/The End". There are some slight additions to the dungeons, as well as a handful of differences on the dungeons themselves. Due to an additional sound chip that the Disk System has, when Nintendo ported Zelda II over to the NES, they had to eliminate some musical elements, especially from the title screen. On the main map, the icons denoting attacking monsters look different, but the most significant change is the spending of experience points, as Link's three attributes cost the same, unlike the worldwide release. Further, the game is designed to promote balanced leveling, as the saved game onthe disk will only let the levels for the attributes go as high as whatever is set the lowest (e.g. if Life is at 5 and Strength is at 4, but Magic is at 1, then the saved game will reflect all as level 1), while still saving the data regarding crystals that have been placed and items that have been collected. These differences make leveling up in the game very different. The Adventure of Link was re-released in 2003 on The Legend of Zelda: Collector's Edition disc for the GameCube, and again in 2004 as part of the ClassicNES Series for Game Boy Advance, with minor changes. The intro text was changed to read "third Triforce" rather than "No.3 Triforce" and the copyright date was altered to read "1987–2004 Nintendo". The death animation removed flashing colors in an effort to prevent seizures, replacing it with a solid red color. There were also various graphical and audio tweaks. It was released as the 100th title on the Wii's Virtual Console in Japan on January 23, 2007, in Europe and Australia on February 9, 2007, and was released in North America on June 4, 2007. The text changes were notmade in this version, but it does feature the solid red color in the death animations from the GameCube and Game Boy Advance versions. The Adventure of Link was re-released again on the Nintendo 3DS's Virtual Console in September 2011, alongside the first Legend of Zelda game, as part of the "3DS Ambassadors" program. It was one of ten NES games for owners who purchased their 3DS consoles before the price drop. It was later made available for all 3DS owners in Japan on June 6, 2012, in Europe on September 13, and in North America on November 22. Thegame was also re-released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in September 2013. The Adventure of Link was also included as one of the 30 built-in games within the NES Classic Edition, a miniature replica of the Nintendo Entertainment System, released on November 10, 2016, in Australia and Japan, and a day later in North America and Europe. Reception Original version Upon its release in North America, Zelda II became one of the most popular NES games of 1988, with many retailers reporting that the game was selling out that year. The game ultimately sold 4.38 million copies worldwide. In1987, Famicom Tsūshin (now Famitsu) gave it a score of 36 out of 40, based on a panel of four reviewers giving it ratings of 8, 10, 9 and 9 out of 10. This made it their second highest-rated game of 1987, behind only Dragon Quest II. These were also the only two games to have received a Famitsu score of 35/40 or above up until 1987. Play magazine praised the unique gameplay, saying that "it's this combination of unique elements that creates an action-RPG experience unlike any other". Nintendo Power said that the game was "an entertaining and naturalstep in the franchise's evolution," and awarded it their Game of the Year Award for 1988. In 1990, Nintendo Powers special edition Pak Source gave it ratings of 4/5 for Graphic and Sound, 3.5/5 for Play Control, 4.5/5 for Challenge, and 4/5 for Theme Fun. Zelda II was reviewed in 1992 by issue #2 of Total! magazine, where it received an 82% rating, due in great part to mediocre sub-scores for music and graphics. A 1993 review of the game was printed in issue #198 of Dragon by Sandy Petersen, in the "Eye of the Monitor" column. Petersen gave thegame 3 out of 5 stars. In 1997, Electronic Gaming Monthly listed Zelda II as number 72 on its "100 Best Games of All Time", saying that while the other three extant games in the series were better (The Legend of Zelda, A Link to the Past, and Link's Awakening all placed within the top 30), it was still a masterpiece, featuring outstanding gameplay and a much larger quest than its predecessor. Zelda II was rated the 110th best game made on a Nintendo System in Nintendo Power Top 200 Games list. In August 2008, Nintendo Power listed it asthe 12th best Nintendo Entertainment System video game, describing it as a radical and refreshing departure from its predecessor. Re-releases IGN said that the game is a "recommended and playable adventure" but also said, "don't expect the same gameplay from the truly classic Zelda titles." 1UP.com praised the game's length, citing that "you can certainly find plenty here to keep you busy for some time." Kotaku enjoyed the darker spin on the original Zelda, stating "the more detailed graphics and bigger sprites made the enemies appear more menacing and hostile. The evolved combat system meant that enemies could defend themselves,The Legend of Zelda, but their role was rather limited. Starting with The Adventure of Link, Zelda games have prominently featured a variety of NPCs who play pivotal roles in Link's quests. Zelda II was also one of the first games where NPCs walked around and seemingly had their own agendas, giving the world a life of its own rather than being a simple stage for the story to unfold. The use of metered magic and spells has also carried over into other Zelda games. The Triforce of Courage makes its first appearance in The Adventure of Link and playsan important role in later Zelda games, as it is strongly associated with Link. Dark Link is a version of Link's Shadow which appears in Ocarina of Time, a similar Link clone called Shadow Link appears in Four Swords Adventures, and yet another appears in Spirit Tracks, as well as in A Link Between Worlds. Additionally, The Adventure of Link was one of the first games to combine role-playing video game and platforming elements to a considerable degree. Over the next few years, a number of Japanese-made games appeared with a similar format; major titles such as Cadash (1989) closelyresemble The Adventure of Link, with side-scrolling platform stages supplemented by RPG-like statistical systems, weapons, armor, magic spells, and so forth. Most of the sages in Ocarina of Time bear the same names as towns from The Adventure of Link (Rauru, Ruto, Saria, Nabooru, and Darunia; excluding Impa). Another town, Mido, is also the name of a character in Kokiri Forest. However, in the in-game chronology, the towns were named after the characters. The Adventure of Link is also the only Zelda game of the main English releases not to use "The Legend of Zelda" in its title, the onlyZelda game to feature "lives" counting down, and therefore the only game in the series to include 1-up dolls. The next Zelda game released after The Adventure of Link was The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past for the Super Famicom in 1991, which follows new Link and Zelda characters and returns to the top-down style of the original. There are a small number of side-scrolling areas in The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening; these areas were mainly tunnels and caves. The series broke away from the top-down style again in 1998 when Ocarina of Time was releasedon the Nintendo 64, with 3D graphics. A new version of the composition "Temple", arranged by Shogo Sakai, is featured in Super Smash Bros. Melee, where it is played during the "Hyrule Temple" stage and the "Underground Maze" level. A variation of the track, as well as a new version of the "Great Palace" level song, also appears in Super Smash Bros. Brawl. The track was later once again updated and appeared twice, as the "StreetPass Battle Theme" as well as a slower version for the "Battle Victory" music, in the Nintendo 3DS game A Link Between Worlds, making itintended to play like Zelda II and pays homage to it. It features very similar gameplay and references to the Zelda series. References Citations Notes External links Category:1987 video games Category:Action role-playing video games Category:Famicom Disk System games Category:GameCube games Category:Game Boy Advance games Category:Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games Category:Nintendo Entertainment System games Category:Nintendo hard games Category:Side-scrolling platform games Category:Side-scrolling role-playing video games Category:Single-player video games Adventure of Link Category:Top-down video games Category:Video game sequels Category:Video games developed in Japan Category:Video games produced by Shigeru Miyamoto Category:Video games with oblique graphics Category:Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS Category:Virtual Console ### Assistant:
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### User: Ravi Raghavendra is an Indian film actor who appears in Tamil films and television serials. Career and personal life Raghavendra has appeared on television and in films since the 1980s, often playing supporting roles. He has also worked in theatre. Some of his recent film credits include Neethaane En Ponvasantham (2012), 54321 (2016) and Zero (2016), and he is currently working on an as yet untitled film with Sharwanand, Amala Akkineni and Ritu Varma. Raghavendra is married to a dancer, Lakshmi, and the couple have a son named Anirudh Ravichander, a music composer. In 2014, Raghavendra met with police following ### Assistant:
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### User: The Work Order Act ( - officially ) of 20 January 1934 was the basis for labour relations in Nazi Germany. Content After the trade unions had been prohibited after May Day 1933, the Nazi controlled government was under pressure to ease working conditions and improve industrial relations. This was first attempted by establishing the position of a Trustee of Labour, who was tasked with fixing minimum wages and overcoming class tensions in businesses and companies. With the Labour organization law owners and managers became “factory leaders” and responsible not only for the successful operation of the businesses and companies ### Assistant:
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### User: The 2011–12 Israeli Women's Cup (, Gvia HaMedina Nashim) was the 14th season of Israel's women's nationwide football cup competition. The competition was won by ASA Tel Aviv University who had beaten Maccabi Kishronot Hadera 2–0 in the final. The Second Division League Cup was won by F.C. Ramat HaSharon, who had beaten Bnot Caesarea Tiv’on 5–0 in the final. Results First Round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final Gvia Ligat Nashim Shniya Format The five second division teams were split into two groups, north and south. The two regional winners met in the final. Since the Northern group had only two teams, ### Assistant:
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### User: Delma Cowart (born July 6, 1941), is a retired NASCAR and ARCA driver. While never achieving much success, Cowart achieved notoriety for being the "clown prince of racing" in the 1980s and '90s. His jovial nature made him a favorite among competitors. Racing career Cowart began competing in NASCAR in the Late Model Sportsman Division, now the NASCAR Xfinity Series. His notoriety in that series came in 1979 Permatex 300 at Daytona. On lap four, Joe Frasson had wrecked and was sitting in the middle of the race track. Cowart hit Frasson at nearly full speed igniting Frasson's fuel tankinto a ball of fire. Neither Frasson or Cowart were injured in the crash although Don Williams was critically injured trying to avoid the accident. When changes to the structure of the late model series were made, Cowart decided that the rising expenses in that series would make it just as economically feasible to race in the Winston Cup Series. Cowart made his first start in NASCAR by qualifying for the 1981 Atlanta Journal 500 with owner Heyward Grooms. That day he finished 18th. In 1982, Cowart earned his best career finish, in the Firecracker 400 at Daytona, scoring 17th.A superspeedway driver, Cowart qualified for the Daytona 500 four times, each time throwing an extravagant party for members of the NASCAR community in celebration. Cowart's primary career was installing pools and septic tanks in the Savannah, Georgia area. He used his day job to advance his racing, once trading Junior Johnson's engine builder a swimming pool for a racing engine. Tracks Cowart's main tracks were Daytona International Speedway or Talladega Superspeedway, but he did run in the 1992 race at Rockingham, North Carolina. Cowart also tried, but failed, to make the 1994 Brickyard 400. Numbers He mainly ran the#0 during his time in the Cup Series, but he also ran the #49 at Daytona in 1987 (also a DNQ). Cowart repeatedly joked that he was the only driver whose car number matched his chance of winning. He also ran the #37 at Daytona in 1982 in what is now the Xfinity Series. 1992 Daytona 500 Cowart made the 1992 Daytona 500 and made his trademark quote, "I ain't never won a race, though I ain't lost a party." An accident-filled qualifying race allowed Cowart to finish 13th and advance to the Daytona 500. "When we made the race,"Cowart said, "I went out and hired a team physician. I figured we needed a team physician. I figured we needed one for all the physical requirements of our fine crew. What does the doctor specialize in? He's a veterinarian, because all we've got on our crew is a bunch of dogs!" A legendary party ensued at a Daytona area hotel. "I don't think he showed back up at the track until Sunday," Benny Parsons recalled. The Daytona 500 that year was plagued by accidents, allowing Cowart to finish 25th, earning a career high $23,285. With the money, he boughta big screen TV and travelled to the following race at Rockingham, finishing 35th there. Final years Cowart tried to make the Daytona 500 from 1993–1997, but failed each time. His last race was the 1997 Winston Open, but was flagged shortly after the start. Delma Cowart Racing brought two race cars to Charlotte that weekend. One was for the ARCA race as the newer Penske Ford that Delma had bought was for the Cup race. The Cup engine developed a problem so the team decided to make an engine change. The problems that followed were that the clutch components,in the NASCAR trailer. In later years Delma was featured in a Growing Bolder interview. When asked to as why he did what he did, he said, "Look, it wasn't a points race, just a money race, and the crew worked so hard, I wasn't about to let them down." In early 1998, at age 56, Cowart announced his retirement at Whiskey Pete's, a saloon in Holly Hill, Florida. "I'm a dinosaur," Cowart said "There ain't no room for guys like me no more. To me, racing was a hobby. Now, you gotta have money." Motorsports career results NASCAR (key) ### Assistant:
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### User: Hyperolius acutirostris is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is endemic to southwestern Cameroon, found as far east as the region of Yaoundé. Common name sharpsnout reed frog has been coined for it. Description Males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The dorsal pattern often involves alternating dark and light broad transverse bands. A light band in front of the urostyle is always present. The gular flap is very small. Undersides of the feet, hands, and (often) lower jaw have black pigmentation. There are small tubercles on the dorsum. The canthus rostralis is distinct. The pupils ### Assistant:
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### User: CHRZ-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 91.3 FM in Wasauksing, Ontario near Parry Sound. Branded as Rez 91, the station airs a First Nations community radio format. History It is unknown when the station originally began broadcasting, however, on October 28, 2011, Wasauksing Communications Group applied to operate an English and Ojibwa language Type B native FM radio programming in Wasauksing First Nation. If approved, the station will operate at 91.3 MHz. On May 9, 2012, Wasauksing Communications received a licence from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to operate a new radio station at Wasauksing First ### Assistant:
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### User: Carl Wilhelm Ernst Schäfer (born 18 January 1844 in Kassel - 5 May 1908 in Carlsfeld, district of Brehna in the former district of Bitterfeld) was a German architect and university professor. Schäfer became the most important representative of the late Gothic Revival in Germany. He created several churches: Modification of the Catholic Propsteikirche St. Gertrude of Brabant in Wattenscheid (1869-1872), Catholic parish church of St. Nikolai in Lippstadt (1873-1875), Protestant church in Bralitz (1889-1890), Catholic parish church of St. John Baptist in Birkung (1885-1893), Old Catholic Church in Karlsruhe (1895-1897). As a monument conservator, he led the reconstruction of ### Assistant:
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### User: Hua or HUA may refer to: China Hua, as in Huaxia and Zhonghua, is a name of China. Hoa people, Chinese people in Vietnam Mount Hua, a mountain in Shaanxi, China Hua (state), a state in ancient China, destroyed by Qin Hua County, Henan, in Anyang, Henan, China Hua County, Shaanxi, now Huazhou District, in Weinan, Shaanxi, China Hua County, Guangdong, now Huadu District, in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Hua (surname), a Chinese surname Other uses Hua Islet, Wangan Township, Penghu County (the Pescadores), Taiwan (Republic of China) Hua's lemma, in analytic number theory Harkat-ul-Ansar, an Islamic paramilitary organization Heard Understood ### Assistant:
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### User: The 2015 New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador leadership election was held March 7, 2015, at the Sheraton Hotel in St. John's. The election was prompted by Lorraine Michael's announcement on January 6, 2015, that she would step down as leader of the party after a successor was chosen. All NDP members were able to cast ballots by phone or online between February 25 and March 5, 2015, or in person at the party's convention on March 7, 2015. The election was won by Earle McCurdy. Timeline October 11, 2011 - In the provincial election NDP wins 5 seatswith just under 25% of the popular vote, its best ever result. October 21, 2013 - Michael announces she had received a letter from her caucus over the previous weekend calling for a leadership election to be held in 2014. The caucus felt that without renewal in the party they would have trouble attracting quality candidates and public support in the 2015 election October 29, 2013 - MHAs Dale Kirby (St. John's North) and Christopher Mitchelmore (The Straits – White Bay North) leave the NDP caucus over their dispute with Michael to sit as Independents. Both subsequently join the Liberals.May 17, 2014 - Michael passes a leadership review at the NDP convention with 75% support. November 5, 2014 - Conception Bay South by-election, NDP candidate receives 3.05% of the vote, down from 24.06% in the general election. November 25, 2014 - By-elections in Trinity-Bay de Verde and Humber East, NDP receives 5.41% and 7.81% of the vote respectively, down from 14.16% and 13.28% in the general election. January 6, 2015 - Michael announces that she is stepping down as party leader after the party's poor by-election results. Will remain leader until a leadership election can be held. February 6, ### Assistant:
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### User: Sir Albert Michael Margai (10 October 1910 – 18 December 1980) was the second prime minister of Sierra Leone and the half-brother of Sir Milton Margai, the country's first Prime Minister. He is also the father of Sierra Leonean politician Charles Margai. Early life Albert Margai was born in Gbangbatoke, Banta Chiefdom, in what is now the Moyamba District, Freetown. His stepfather, M. E. S. Margai, who gave him the family name Margai, was a wealthy trader from Bonthe. Margai received a Roman Catholic education at St. Edward's Primary School and went on to be one of the first groupof students to attend St. Edward's Secondary School. Margai became a registered nurse and this was his occupation from 1931 to 1944. He later travelled to England and read law at the Inner Temple Inns of Court, where he qualified in 1948. Prior to his political career, he owned a private law practice in Freetown. Political career Colonial era Margai was elected first Protectorate Member to the Legislative Council in 1951. In 1952 he became a Cabinet Minister and Sierra Leone's first Minister of Education. In 1957 he was elected Member of Parliament for the Moyamba Constituency). He served asfinance minister in Milton's government after 1962, where he also held positions alternatively in Education, Agriculture, and Natural Resources. After the death of his brother, Sir Albert served from 1964 until 1967. Sierra Leone National Party Margai was a founding member of the Sierra Leone National Party, which was formed in 1949 to advocate and aid in the transition to independence for the country. Sierra Leone People's Party However, in the years leading up to independence, Margai was allied more closely with Siaka Stevens than his brother. He took leadership of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) in 1957, butof Sierra Leone as a country. Independence The Crown Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone was granted political independence on 27 April 1961. Albert's brother, Sir Milton Margai was appointed first Prime Minister of Sierra Leone. At the time, Albert was serving as a member of parliament for Moyamba. Minister of Finance Margai was appointed Minister of Finance in 1962. Margai changed Sierra Leone's currency from the British pound to the "leone", a decimal legal tender roughly equivalent to half a Sterling pound at the time. He also founded the Bank of Sierra Leone and made it the national bank.Premiership and public image Albert margai was made Prime Minister on 29 April 1964. He was highly criticized during his tenure. He had a penchant for extravagant pageantry and was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favor of the Mende tribe. The tantrum-prone Prime Minister was nicknamed "Akpata", a Mende word meaning "our wild, fat man". Margai was also nicknamed "Big Albert" and "African Albert". Margai endeavoured to change Sierra Leone from a democracy to a one-party state. 1967 elections Up until the 1967 elections, Sierra Leone had been an exemplary democratic, post-colonial state. However,the campaign strategies of Margai would forever alter this trend. He was against any candidates from the opposition running against candidates from his own party. Margai refused to dignify accusation of corruption with a response. Riots broke out across Sierra Leone and the government had to declare a state of emergency. Coup d'état Margai's opponent Siaka Stevens achieved a small parliamentary majority and he was sworn in as the third Prime Minister of Sierra Leone by Governor General Sir Henry Lightfoot Boston. Margai's friend and ally Brigadier David Lansana, who was the Commander of Sierra Leone's Armed Forces at thetime, arrested both Stevens and Lightfoot Boston. He declared martial law, dismissed the election results and proclaimed himself the interim Governor General. Counter coup In April 1968, a group of noncommissioned officers staged a counter coup in an attempt to restore the democratic process to Sierra Leone. The so-called Sargents Coup was led by Lieutenant Colonel Ambrose Patrick Genda who Margai had fired in 1967. Eight member of the officers formed the National Reformation Council and elected Brigadier John Bangura to the post of acting Governor General. A staunch democrat, Bangura re-instated Siaka Stevens because he had won the election.Civilian life Margai warned: "If the Stevens government does not do something to elevate the lives of the have-nots, the poor, they would one day rise to demand from the haves, the rich, their own share of the economy." Death On 18 December 1980, Margai died in his sleep. He is survived by his son, politician Charles Margai. References External links Sierra Leone People's Party – official site Sierra Leone.org Category:1910 births Category:1980 deaths Category:Alumni of St. Edward's Secondary School, Freetown Category:Sierra Leonean lawyers Category:Prime Ministers of Sierra Leone Category:Alumni of the Inns of Court School of Law Category:Sherbro people ### Assistant:
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### User: Iris danfordiae (dwarf iris or Danford iris) is a bulbous perennial, in the species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Hermodactyloides and section 'Reticulatae'. It is from Turkey in Asia. It has 2 gray-green or bluish green, thick leaves, short slender stem holding a scented flower, in shades of yellow. They are spotted olive-green or green and have a deep yellow or orange crest. Description Iris danfordiae has a narrowly ovoid, bulb, with whitish netted coats. It has 2 leaves (per bulb), tall. They are linear, four-angled in cross section, and gray-green, or bluish green.It is commonly known as dwarf iris, buttercup Iris, or Danford's iris. This species was introduced from Cilicia, Turkey in 1876, by Mrs C. G. Danford (an English plant hunter of the Asia minor regions). It was first published and described as Xiphion danfordiae Baker and described by John Gilbert Baker in J. Bot. Vol.14 n page 265 in 1876. It was then reclassified and published as Iris danfordiae by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Fl. Orient.' Vol.5 on page 124 in July 1882. Iris danfordiae is an accepted name by the RHS, and it was verified by United States Department ### Assistant:
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### User: Jean-Louis Cottigny (born 12 September 1950 in Hesdin, Pas-de-Calais) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. He is a member of the Socialist Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. He is also a substitute for the Committee on Transport and Tourism and a member of the delegation for relations with the countries of Central America. Career Worker, then regional assistant (1970–1989) Former Chairman of the Arras Industrial Tribunal Federal Secretary of the Pas-de-Calais Socialist Party, with ### Assistant:
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### User: Charles Austin Tweed (December 24, 1813 – July 22, 1887) was an American politician and jurist. During his early career he was elected to the Florida Senate and California State Senate. Tweed then moved to Arizona Territory and was appointed to serve two terms as an Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court. Background Tweed was born in South Reading, Massachusetts, to Joshua and Elizabet (Pratt) Tweed on December 24, 1813, the youngest of four sons. His father was a shoemaker and influential member of the community. He received a liberal education that included a study of the law.women for the same wages offered to their male coworkers. The bill was defeated in a senate vote of 15–21. Later that session Tweed submitted a petition to amend the state constitution to grant women's suffrage. He was appointed chairman of a special committee established to investigate the possibility. Although the committee reported favorably, the proposal was defeated by a vote of 23–47. Arizona Territory On April 14, 1870, following Judge John Titus' promotion to Chief Justice, Tweed was appointed an Associate Justice to the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court. The new justice moved to Prescott in August and presided overhis first district court session on October 3, 1870. Press reports of the new justice's performance were favorable with one newspaper reporting, "Judge Tweed has gained the confidence of the people ... by giving the law a literal construction and showing a disposition to get at the rights of matters, irrespective of technicalities." On October 2, 1871, Tweed's first wife, Ruth G., died. The 1871 session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature created Maricopa County and placed it within Tweed's judicial district. Early in 1872, Tweed moved to the seat of the new county, Phoenix. There he purchased some land wheremembers of his family grew alfalfa, corn, peaches, and operated a dairy farm. In addition to his judicial duties, Tweed became active in early efforts to use the Salt River for irrigation. On March 31, 1875, Tweed married Minnie A. Jackson. The marriage ended with her death on March 14, 1877. Judge Tweed's third marriage came on March 20, 1878 when he wed Marcia C. Lewis of San Francisco. In Phoenix, Judge Tweed remained as popular as he had been in Prescott. As a result he was appointed to a second term in March 1874. This term saw charges raisedagainst the judge, possibly by unhappy litigants, that Tweed drank to excess and had become old and feeble. Territorial Governors Anson P.K. Safford, John Philo Hoyt, Chief Justice C. G. W. French, and Edmund W. Wells were among Tweed's defenders and the charges were dismissed in 1876. The claims may however have influenced President Rutherford B. Hayes to not appoint Tweed to a third term in 1878. After leaving the bench, Tweed moved to Mineral Park and served as counsel for a mining company. In November 1878 he was elected Mohave County attorney beginning in January the next year. Tweedresigned in mid-1880 to return to Phoenix. There he made unsuccessful runs to become Maricopa County attorney in 1880 and 1882. The judge's later years were spent in a law partnership with William A. Hancock. Tweed had been in declining health for years. In early 1887, he traveled to San Francisco to seek medical treatment. The treatment was unable to reverse his problems and Tweed died on July 22, 1887. References External links Charles A. Tweed - JoinCalifornia Election Archive Category:1842 births Category:1918 deaths Category:Arizona pioneers Category:Arizona Territory judges Category:California state senators Category:Florida state senators Category:Massachusetts lawyers Category:People from Reading, ### Assistant:
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### User: György Kamarás (born 17 March 1998) is a Hungarian footballer who currently plays for NK Nafta 1903. Club career On 10 March 2018 he was signed by Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Balmazújvárosi FC. Club statistics Updated to games played as of 16 December 2018. References MLSZ Category:1998 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Budapest Category:Hungarian footballers Category:Hungarian expatriate footballers Category:Hungary youth international footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Budapest Honvéd FC II players Category:Dorogi FC footballers Category:Balmazújvárosi FC players Category:Gyirmót FC Győr players Category:NK Nafta Lendava players Category:Nemzeti Bajnokság I players Category:Nemzeti Bajnokság II players Category:Slovenian Second League players Category:Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in ### Assistant:
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### User: The Amazing Race Asia is a reality game show based on the American series The Amazing Race. The Asian cable TV network AXN Asia was among the first to acquire the rights to produce a version of THE AMAZING RACE for its territories. The first few seasons of the series were produced by Australian television production company ActiveTV and Sony Pictures Television Networks, in association with Disney Media Distribution (formerly as Buena Vista International Television-Asia Pacific (2006-2007), then Disney-ABC International Television (2007-2010)) and ABC Studios. Production was later taken over by creator Bertram Van Munster's production company Profiles TV inassociation with AXN. The host for the show is Singapore based Chinese-American actor Allan Wu. The ultimate prize is 100,000, whilst the American show gives away 1,000,000. The general manager of SPE Networks-Asia which runs AXN, Ricky Ow explained the smaller prize, saying, "It is not really about the money but the adventure and opportunity to be in one of the world's greatest reality shows". In mid 2016, it was announced that the series would return in late 2016 after a 6-year hiatus. The Race The Amazing Race Asia is a reality television competition between ten teams of two inthe last three remaining teams, and the first to arrive at the final destination wins the 100,000 cash prize. Teams Each team is composed of two individuals who have some type of relationship to each other. A total of 80 participants have joined The Amazing Race Asia, many of which have been celebrities in their native country. Because of the various languages spoken around Asia and the fact that the show is broadcast on an English-language network, participants are all required to be able to communicate in English. The contestants chosen to appear are from various Asian countries and notlimited to one country of origin. Participating countries include all citizens of the continent of Asia except the Middle East, Laos, North Korea, Russia and East Timor, but including Palau and non-Asian workers who are living in Asia for a long period of time. From season 2 onwards, Japanese residents were eligible to participate, having been ineligible for season 1. Fiji was formerly able to apply, but as of Season five is no longer eligible. Route Markers Route Markers are yellow and red flags that mark the places where teams must go. Most Route Markers are attached to the boxesby the Speed Bump have recovered from it quickly enough to avoid immediate elimination. Unusual eliminations The first unusual elimination occurred in season 5 where only 10 clues were available, and the Race began with eleven teams. After ten teams completed the task at the starting line and received their next clue, the last team remaining was eliminated and at the Pit Stop later, the last team was also being eliminated. Double-length Legs Like in the show's American counterpart, the Amazing Race Asia has featured double-length legs or "superlegs". These occur when teams reach a Virtual Pit Stop. They areof the team's countries on The Amazing Race Asia indicates the winning country. indicates the runner-up country. indicates the third- country. Overall rank standings as a total of 5 seasons Countries and locales visited As of 15 December 2016, The Amazing Race Asia has visited 20 countries and has visited 4 continents. Asia Europe Africa Oceania Notes This count only includes countries that fielded actual route markers, challenges or finish mats. Airport stopovers are not counted or listed. Only visited the Special Administrative Regions of (2, 3) and (3). Includes 5 finish lines Reception Ratings The premiere episode of Season1 was highly successful and was the No. 1 show in its timeslot in Singapore and Malaysia and No. 2 in the Philippines, as well as No.1 in its timeslot for Adults 18-39 in New Zealand. The ratings for the finale of its second season increased over that of Season 1 in Malaysia and Singapore. In Season 3 the show reached 18.8 million viewers in selected countries, and in its first three seasons it reached over 34 million viewers across Asia. It was the highest rated program of its timeslot among all international channels in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines andHong Kong. The fourth season of The Amazing Race Asia, saw a 71% increase in average ratings over the previous season country of the winning team. Overall it had a viewing audience of 19.3 million viewers across Asia. The fifth season returned after a six year hiatus, and its premiere and finale were the highest rated show in its timeslot among all regional English language entertainment pay-TV channels in Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. Awards and Nominations The show has won consecutive Asian Television Awards for "Best Adaptation of an Existing Format" in 2008 and 2009. Its third season washigh definition cameras as well as the prizes of leg races that are usually technological gadgets supplied by sponsors, rather than vacations and trips like the show's American counterpart (which is sponsored by Travelocity). The executive producer and co-creator of The Amazing Race, Bertram van Munster, conceded that there were more product placement, but said that they had much less money to work with for The Amazing Race Asia, that he was "not too crazy about blatant product placement, but the bill has to be paid." There was also criticism in the ambiguity of clues and the supposed impossibility ofcompleting some of the tasks in season 1, in particular the roadblock in Leg 3 which saw 5 out of the 9 teams fail to complete the roadblock. In addition, ambiguous clues like 'you know it when you see it' led to some teams going around in circles searching for clues. International broadcast In 2010, The first three seasons of the show premiered with Hungarian voiceovers in Hungary on AXN Hungary and Animax Eastern Europe as "The Amazing Race Ázsia" on Saturday and Sunday afternoons from 7 February. References External links The Amazing Race Format makes a pit stop in ### Assistant:
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### User: Waltheof (c. 1095 – 1159) was a 12th-century English abbot and saint. He was the son of Simon I of St Liz, 1st Earl of Northampton and Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon, thus stepson to David I of Scotland, and the grandson of Waltheof, Earl of Northampton. As a younger son in the world of Norman succession laws, Waltheof chose a career in the church. Between 1128 and 1131 he entered Nostell Priory to become an Augustinian canon. His noble connections enabled him to rise quickly. Within a few years he became Prior of Kirkham, North Yorkshire. Upon the deathRievaulx Abbey. In 1148 he was elected to the abbacy of Melrose, a daughter house of Rievaulx. Waltheof remained in this position for the remainder of his life, even though he was offered of the bishopric of St Andrews in early 1159, which he declined. He died at Melrose Abbey on 3 August 1159. Following the death of Waltheof, his successor as Abbot of Melrose, Abbot William, refused to encourage the rumours that were now spreading regarding Waltheof's saintliness. Abbot William attempted to silence these rumours, and prevent the intrusiveness of would-be pilgrims. However, William was unable to get thebetter of Waltheof's emerging cult, and now his actions were alienating him from his brethren. As a result, in April 1170, William resigned the abbacy. In William's place, Jocelin, the prior of Melrose, became abbot. Jocelin had no such scruples. Jocelin embraced the cult without hesitation. Under the year of Jocelin's accession, it was reported in the Chronicle of Melrose that: The tomb of our pious father, sir Waltheof, the second abbot of Melrose, was opened by Enguerrand, of good memory, the bishop of Glasgow, and by four abbots called in for this purpose; and his body was found entire,most venerated by the Celts of the diocese of Glasgow. It is no coincidence that Jocelin of Furness, who wrote the Life of St. Waltheof, was the same man later commissioned to write the Life of St. Kentigern. Jocelin's actions ensured Waltheof's posthumous de facto sainthood; and the need of Melrose Abbey to have its own saint's cult, ensured the cult's longevity. Notes Citations References Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922), vol. ii Appleby, John T. The Troubled Reign of King Stephen 1135–1154 New York:Barnes & Noble 1969 reprint 1995 Baker, Derek, ### Assistant:
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### User: is a 1951 novel (禁色 Part 2 was published in 1953) by the Japanese writer Yukio Mishima, translated into English in 1968. The name kinjiki is a euphemism for homosexuality. The kanji 禁 means "forbidden" and 色 in this case means "erotic love", although it can also mean "color". The word "kinjiki" also means colors that were forbidden to be worn by people of various ranks in the Japanese court. It describes a marriage of a gay man to a young woman. Like Mishima's earlier novel Confessions of a Mask, it is generally considered somewhat autobiographical. Plot summary Aging, cynicalShunsuke is one of postwar Japan's most respected authors. While vacationing at an exclusive Japanese resort, he meets Yuichi, a stunningly gorgeous young man of limited means and intellect who is engaged to a prim, conventional young woman from a very well-to-do family. While he needs the marriage for financial reasons, Yuichi innocently confides to the older man that he feels no real physical desire for his bride, or for any woman. The crafty Shunsuke senses an opportunity to mold the malleable, gullible young man into an exquisite weapon of revenge against the female sex as a whole. He tellsand feels it is more powerful than life. Double Lives/Alter-Egos: Yuichi's entrance into the world of Tokyo's homosexuals causes him problems, as he must hide his nature from his wife and the world at large. Adaptations The first butoh piece was an adaptation of Kinjiki by Tatsumi Hijikata, which premiered in 1959. The title of the novel was used by David Sylvian and Ryuichi Sakamoto as the name of their theme song for the film soundtrack of Merry Christmas Mr Lawrence, a film set in a Japanese POW camp in Java which includes exploration of homoerotic themes. Notes Category:1951 novels ### Assistant:
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### User: Madduma Bandara Ehelapola (b 1806), mostly known as Madduma Bandara, was Bandara and his family were executed in 1814 by the King for treachery. His bravery at the time of his execution made him a legendary child hero in Sri Lanka. Early life Bandara was born in Kandy to Ehelepola Maha Disawe and Ehelepola. He was the second son of Ehelepola Maha Disawe, the Dissava of Sabaragamuwa under the King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy Sri Lanka. He had an Elder brother (Loku Bandara) and two sisters (Tikiri Menike and Dingiri Menike). His uncle was Keppetipola Disawe, one of theprominent Kandyan leaders who signed the Kandyan Convention at the Audience Hall in Kandy on the 2nd of March 1815. Execution King Sri Wickremarajasinha thought that Ehelapola, as the Disawe of Sabaragamuwa, was aiding the rebellion against British rule, due to false information given to the king. Ehelapola was strongly fighting against the British, but the King was furious thinking that Ehelapola had switched sides. So while Ehelapola was away from Kandy, the King ordered the arrest of the Ehelapola Family. However, the king could not arrest Ehelapola, as he was in British custody in Colombo. Instead, the king arrested ### Assistant:
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### User: Horror on the Hill is an adventure module published by TSR, Inc. in 1983, for the Basic Rules of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Its product designation was TSR 9078. This 32-page book was designed by Douglas Niles, and features cover artwork by Jim Roslof. It is intended for beginning gamemasters and 5-10 player characters of level 1-3. The module contains around 20 encounters on the surface, a monastery, three dungeon levels and three new monsters. Plot summary In this scenario, the player characters must penetrate a cave labyrinth, which turns out to be a three-level dungeon wherecharacters from the mysterious mountain. A series of caves awaits, full of goblins and hobgoblins. At the lowest layer lies a young red dragon. Set on a volcanic island in the midst of a river. Publication history Horror on the Hill was written by Douglas Niles, with a cover by Jim Roslof and interior art by Jim Holloway, and was published by TSR in 1983 as a 32-page booklet with an outer folder. This module is designed for use with the D&D Basic Rules. Included in the module are 11 maps, 3 new monsters, and a complete set of prerolled ### Assistant:
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### User: Giuseppe Bertini (1825–1898) was an Italian painter, active in his native Milan. Biography He studied at the Brera Academy under Luigi Sabatelli and Giuseppe Bisi, and in 1845 was awarded the Gran premio di pittura dell'Accademia di Brera on the strength of a picture of the meeting between Dante and Fra Ilario. He also painted the Triumphal entry of the allied sovereigns into Milan after the Battle of Magenta (after 1859). He also painted frescoes on a vaulted room of the residence of the Puricelli Guerra, representing the great men of the Middle Ages, backgrounded against perspectives of Gothic architecture.He painted a Torquato Tasso introduced to Emmanuel Philibert; Death of St Joseph (commissioned by a parish in Palermo; an Assumption of the Virgin for a church in Valmarana in Altavilla Vicentina; an altarpiece of Vision of St Francis of Assisi for the church of San Babila, Milan; paintings for the palazzo of Count Ernesto Turati in Milan; and frescoes for the house of Cavalier Andrea Ponti in Varese representing Guido d'Arezzo teaching singing to a children's choir, as well as scenes from the life of Volta, Galileo, and Columbus. Among his masterworks is the fresco decoration of the Greek-Orthodoxchurch of Trieste. He painted the sipario in collaboration with Raffaele Casnedi for the theater of La Scala in 1862. The Sala Dorata in the Poldi-Pezzoli Museum at Milan has a series of three mural panels by Bertini at the end of the room opposite the window, the central one representing Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, and the two lateral ones symbolizing Poetry and Music. Bertini painted decorations on the ceiling of the Dante Room. Bertini served as one of the founders and directors of this museum. Between 1848 and 1860 he was occasionally employed as an instructor in the BreraAcademy, and upon the reorganization of that institution in 1860 he was placed permanently in charge of one of the two schools of painting, (Hayez being in charge of the other), and continued to hold his professorship until the end of the 19th century. Giuseppe Barbaglia, Cesare Bertolotti, Emilio Cavenaghi, Francesco Filippini, Andrea Fossati, Pietro Michis, and Lodovico Pogliaghi were among his pupils. Pompeo Bertini, his brother, made stain-glass windows sometimes using designs by Giuseppe. References Modern Italian Art, Ashton Rollins Willard, 2nd edition. (1902). Page 467. External links Category:People from Milan Category:19th-century Italian painters Category:Italian male painters Category:Milanese painters ### Assistant:
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### User: Dayana Martinez is a Venezuelan épée fencer. She has competed in three FIE world championships: 2010 Paris, France, 2013 Budapest, Hungary, and 2014 Kazan, Russia. She earned her first individual world gold medal in 2014, in women's épée, at the satellite tournament held in Kocaeli, Turkey. Family of Fencers Fencing is a family sport for Dayana, she competes alongside her sister, two-time olympian Maria Martinez and cousins, 2012 Men's Épée Olympic Champion Ruben Limardo and his younger brother, 2008 olympian Francisco Limardo. Education Dayana attended university in the United States, graduating with a bachelor of arts in Latin American Studiesfrom Brigham Young University in 2013. References Category:Living people Category:1986 births Category:Fencers at the 2015 Pan American Games Category:Venezuelan female fencers Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for Venezuela Category:Pan American Games medalists in fencing Category:Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Venezuela Category:Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Venezuela Category:Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games Category:Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games Category:South American Games silver medalists for Venezuela Category:South American Games bronze medalists for Venezuela Category:South American Games medalists in fencing Category:Competitors at the 2010 South American Games Category:Competitors at the ### Assistant:
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### User: Pälkäne is a municipality of Finland. Pälkäne is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which . The population density is . The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Many people from Helsinki and the surrounding cities own summer cottages and residences in Pälkäne, making the small town very busy during summer vacation seasons. Pälkäne is a very popular summer vacation resort given its diverse services, high-quality swimming beach, beautiful nature and close location to big cities. From start of year 2007 Palkäne and Luopioinen were merged to a new municipality ### Assistant:
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### User: Washington Executive Airport , also known as Washington Executive Airpark or Hyde Field, is a public use general aviation airport located southwest of the central business district (CBD) of Clinton, in Prince George's County, Maryland, USA. Hyde Field is one of the "Maryland 3" airports located within the Washington, D.C. Flight Restricted Zone (FRZ), so it is subject to the Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA) restrictions imposed by the FAA after the September 11 attacks. It is located just east of a slightly smaller airport called Potomac Airfield. History Hyde opened in 1934 as a training field for United States ### Assistant:
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### User: Gwardamanġa (sometimes written Guardamangia or Gwarda Mangia), is a hamlet in Tal-Pietà, Malta. Gwardamanġa is the home of St. Luke's Hospital, Malta's former general public hospital, and Villa Guardamangia, the former home of the now Queen Elizabeth II. It is also the location where the Rediffusion House is found. Overview At Gwardamanġa one may find the Villa Guardamangia, a large two-storey building, best known for its elaborate porch which is reached by a flight of steps from each side. The first has a convex configuration over which is a wide elliptical arch. Scroll corbels support the lintels of the sides,while a square-headed doorway is set in an elliptical arched recess. On top of the porch are a series of segmentally arched, louvred windows. Other features include semi-circular wrought iron balconies on each side of the porch, louvred windows and a 'remissa' doorway. The façade lacks decoration apart from a balustraded parapet wall. The Villa was leased by Lord Louis Mountbatten in about 1929. At various times between 1946 and 1953, the then Princess Elizabeth, now Queen Elizabeth II, stayed at the villa while her fiancé, and later husband, The Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in Malta as a serving ### Assistant:
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### User: The Lowry protein assay is a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques. It is named for the biochemist Oliver H. Lowry who developed the reagent in the 1940s. His 1951 paper describing the technique is the most-highly cited paper ever in the scientific literature, cited over 300,000 times. Mechanism The method combines the reactions of copper ions with the peptide bonds under alkaline conditions (the Biuret test)with the oxidation of aromatic protein residues. The Lowry method is based on the reaction of Cu+, produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds, with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid in the Folin–Ciocalteu reaction). The reaction mechanism is not well understood, but involves reduction of the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and oxidation of aromatic residues (mainly tryptophan, also tyrosine). Experiments have shown that cysteine is also reactive to the reagent. Therefore, cysteine residues in protein probably also contribute to the absorbance seen in the Lowry assay. The result of this reaction is an intense blue molecule knownas heteropolymolybdenum Blue. The concentration of the reduced Folin reagent (heteropolymolybdenum Blue) is measured by absorbance at 660 nm. As a result, the total concentration of protein in the sample can be deduced from the concentration of tryptophan and tyrosine residues that reduce the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The method was first proposed by Lowry in 1951. The Bicinchoninic acid assay and the Hartree–Lowry assay are subsequent modifications of the original Lowry procedure. See also Biuret test Bradford protein assay References Walker, J. M. (2002). The protein protocols handbook. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press. External links A simplification of the protein assay method ### Assistant:
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### User: Amanda Carol Barnett (born September 28, 1975) is an American country music singer and stage actress. Barnett has been singing since she was a child, performing at churches, local venues, as well as Dollywood. In her musical career, she has released seven albums and charted three singles on the Billboard country charts. Her highest-charting country single is "Now That's All Right With Me", which reached No. 43 in 1996. Barnett has also held the titular role in the musical Always… Patsy Cline, a musical based on the life of Patsy Cline, which opened in 1994 at the Ryman Auditorium inNashville. She has performed the role in nearly 500 performances over a 20-year period. In addition, she has been a regular on the Grand Ole Opry, appearing over 400 times since her debut in 1994. Her most recent album, "Strange Conversation," was released on September 21, 2018. In 2019, Rolling Stone Magazine named Barnett's recording of "The Whispering Wind" as one of the top songs of 1999, ranking it at 74 out of 99 songs. Barnett continues to tour, performing with bands and symphonies around the world, including the Nashville Symphony and Detroit Symphony Orchestra. On August 13, 2019, Barnettmade her cabaret debut at Feinstein's/54 Below in New York City. Barnett, along with Garth Brooks, Emmylou Harris, Vince Gill and others performed at the 2019 Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum Concert and Induction Ceremony; among the inductees were producer Owen Bradley, Steve Wariner and Alabama. Barnett's rendition of the Skeeter Davis classic "The End of The World" was released as a single on October 18, 2019. In a November 2019 piece in People (magazine), it was announced that Barnett's next album, a collection of Billie Holiday songs, would be released in early 2020. Discography Albums Singles Guest singles ### Assistant:
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### User: Jessy Dixon (March 12, 1938 – September 26, 2011) was an American gospel music singer, songwriter, and pianist, with success among audiences across racial lines. He garnered seven Grammy award nominations during his career. Musicians with whom he worked include Paul Simon, Andrae Crouch, DeGarmo & Key and most recently Bill Gaither in the Homecoming series of concerts. He wrote songs for Amy Grant, Natalie Cole, Cher, and Diana Ross. Dixon was an ordained minister with Calvary Ministries International of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Biography Born in San Antonio, Texas, Dixon sang and played his first song at the age offive. As a youngster he moved to Chicago, where he was discovered by James Cleveland, one of the first artists to sing and record Jessy Dixon's compositions, "God Can Do Anything But Fail," and "My God Can Make A Way." The organizers of the Newport Jazz Festival invited him to perform his new song, "The Wicked Shall Cease Their Troubling," at New York's Radio City Music Hall in 1972. After the performance, Dixon and The Jessy Dixon Singers were requested to do four encores. Paul Simon (of Simon & Garfunkel fame), was in the audience and invited Dixon to sharethe stage with him as lead vocalist on NBC-TV's Saturday Night Live. Dixon found himself touring with Simon across the U.S., France, Canada, Scandinavia, Israel, and Japan. Dixon's affiliation with Simon lasted eight years, during which time he recorded two albums, Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' (1974) and Still Crazy After All These Years (1975), both of which sold a million copies. Bill and Gloria Gaither invited him to sing at a Homecoming video taping. Dixon was a favorite on the series, and has traveled all over the United States and abroad surprising gospel audiences with his stirring performancesof "It's A Highway To Heaven," "Operator", "Leaving On My Mind", "Blood Bought Church", "The Wicked Shall Cease Their Troubling", "Lord Prepare Me To Be A Sanctuary", and "I Am Redeemed". Dixon performed in the show, Black Nativity with The Jessy Dixon Theater Group. Spring House Recordings. (2005). The Best of Jessy Dixon [DVD]. Bill Gaither (Director). Death Dixon was diagnosed with cancer in 2010, and waged a very hard battle against the disease. Dixon died on September 26, 2011 at his home in Chicago, aged 73. References External links [ Allmusic] Category:1938 births Category:2011 deaths Category:20th-century American singers Category:20th-century ### Assistant:
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### User: Manganese(II) phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mn3(PO4)2. It has industrial importance as a constituent of manganese based phosphate conversion coatings Formation Manganese phosphates often combine with iron phosphates through paragenesis. In the process of paragenesis, each mineral affects the manner in which the other is crystallized. The minerals combine in isomorphic series, meaning that they crystallize in similar forms, producing a sequence of solids. Some examples of “isomorphic series” formed by Mn and Fe include heterosite (Fe,Mn)PO4, purpurite (Mn,Fe)PO4, and triplite (Mn,Fe)PO4.. Processing The immersion method is used for the processing of manganese phosphate coatings. Thesteps of immersion include degreasing/cleaning, water rinses, pickling in mineral acid, activation, manganese phosphating, an optional final drying, and lubrication using oils or emulsion. The first step of this method is to degrease and clean, typically with strong alkaline cleaners. Pickling in mineral acid is a useful process described by the removal of oxide, resulting in a clean surface. The water pre-rinse activation allows the cleaning and pickling to take place while avoiding the formation of coarse-crystalline phosphate. Manganese phosphating is performed, typically in a bath of dilute phosphoric acid that is at approximately for about 5–20 minutes (the timevaries with the state of the surface being coated). The elements that were coated are then allowed to dry, possibly in an oven. The final step of manganese phosphate coating is to lubricate the materials with oil by immersing them in the oil bath and then letting them drain. This results in different thicknesses of oil when different concentrations and types of oil are used. Manganese phosphate can also be used for coatings (which are processed as described above). These coatings are useful for protection against corrosion and wear over time, due to their toughness. Manganese phosphate coating can often ### Assistant:
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### User: Rapid River may refer to: Communities Rapid River, Michigan, Delta County Rapid River Township, Michigan, Kalkaska County Rapid River Township, Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota Rivers U.S. Rapid River (Alaska-Yukon) Rapid River (Maine) Rapid River (Delta County, Michigan) Rapid River (Kalkaska County, Michigan) Rapid River (Ontonagon County, Michigan) Rapid River (Little Fork River tributary), Minnesota Rapid River (Rainy River tributary), Minnesota Rapid River (Washington) Canada Rapid River (Alaska-Yukon) Rapid River (Algoma District), Ontario Rapid River (Sudbury District), Ontario Rapid River (British Columbia) Rapid River (Churchill River tributary), Saskatchewan Rapid River (Cree River tributary), Saskatchewan Rapides River, Côte-Nord region of ### Assistant:
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### User: Not to be confused with the Central Lowlands which includes this area The Central Belt of Scotland is the area of highest population density within Scotland. Depending on the definition used, it has a population of between 2.4 and 4.2 million covering an area of approximately 10,000 km2, including Greater Glasgow, Ayrshire, Falkirk, Edinburgh, Lothian and Fife. Despite the name, it is not geographically central but is nevertheless at the "waist" of Scotland on a conventional map and the term "central" is used in many local government, police and NGO designations. It is likely considered the heart of the lowlands,a very old term and was for a few centuries sometimes recorded in Scotland as the Midlands and elsewhere as the Scottish Midlands which fell out of fashion. The Central Belt lies between the Highlands to the north and the Southern Uplands to the south. In the early 21st century, predictions were made that due to economic migration indicators, the urban areas of Glasgow and Edinburgh, whose centres are approximately apart, could merge to create a megalopolis over the coming decades. Smaller Central Belt The area is often considered as the "triangle" defined by the M8, M80 and M9 motorwaysin fairly densely populated regions such as Ayrshire and East Lothian, and encompasses all the major cities of Scotland, except for Aberdeen and Inverness which are located in the north of the country, as well as the bulk of Scotland's industrial works. Including rural parts of the council areas involved, the total population was around 4.28 million in 2018. Similar terms There are several terms in common usage in a Scottish context with a similar meaning to "Central Belt". The Central Lowlands is geologically defined and covers an area that stretches further to the north east than the Central Belt. ### Assistant:
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### User: Porteirão is a municipality in south Goiás state, Brazil. Geographical Information Porteirão is located in the Meia Ponte Microregion in the Rio dos Bois basin. It is connected by a state highway (27 km.) with the BR-452 highway, which connects Rio Verde with Itumbiara. The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 178 km. Highway connections from Goiânia are made by GO-040 / Aragoiânia / Cromínia / GO-319 / Pontalina / GO-040 / Aloândia / BR-452 / Bom Jesus de Goiás / GO-410. For the complete list of all distances in Goiás see Seplan Neighboring municipalities are: north: Acreúna south:Goiatuba east: Vicentópolis and Goiatuba west: Santa Helena de Goiás Political Information Mayor: Pedro Augusto dos Reis (January 2005 to January 2009) Demographics Population density: 4.98 inhabitants/km2 (2007) Urban population: 2,726(2007) Rural population: 282 (2007) Population growth or loss: 0.91% from 2000/2007 The economy The economy is based on agriculture, cattle raising, services, public administration, and small transformation industries. Industrial units: 2 (2006) Commercial units: 45 (2006) Cattle herd: 24,280 head (2006) Main crops (2006): cotton, rice, sugarcane (13,000 hectares), beans, soybeans (18,000 hectares), sorghum, and corn. People employed in agriculture: 1,670 Number of farming establishments: 43 Area of thefarming establishments: 27,367 ha. Area in planted crops: 17,500 ha. Farming establishments with tractors: 14 Education (2006) Schools: 2 with 821 students Higher education: none Adult literacy rate: 80.4% (2000) (national average was 86.4%) Health (2007) Hospitals: 0 Hospital beds: 0 Ambulatory clinics: 1 Infant mortality rate: 27.9 (2000) (national average was 33.0). Qualtity of Life The municipality achieved a score of 0.724 on the United Nations Human Development Index (2000), ranking it 162 out of 242 municipalities in the state of Goiás. For the complete list see Frigoletto.com See also List of municipalities in Goiás References Frigoletto Sepin Category:Municipalities ### Assistant:
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### User: Laney College is a public community college in Oakland, California. Laney is the largest of the four colleges of the Peralta Community College District, which serves northern Alameda County. Laney College is named after Joseph Clarence Laney. The college offers both certificates and credits for Associate of Arts degree, as well as prerequisites to transfer to four year universities. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. History Laney College traces its history to the Central Trade School by the Oakland Board of the Education in 1927 and the Merritt School of Business (now Merritt College) foundedside of the channel is mainly used for athletic and Peralta Community College District facilities. This section was also the former site of the World War II "Auditorium Housing Project" which housed war industry workers from around the United States, many of whom worked in the Kaiser Shipyards. The housing was demolished sometime after the war, and in the early 1960s, a temporary football stadium called Frank Youell Field was constructed on the site for use by the Oakland Raiders. Notable people Faculty Carole Ward Allen, professor, ethnic studies Phil Snow, football coach Alumni C. J. Anderson, football player RonDellums, U.S. Congressman and mayor of Oakland Chuck Jacobs, football player Gil Kahele, Hawaii state legislator Sterling Moore, football player Frank Oz, puppeteer, director Reggie Redding, football player James Robinson, US track champion 800 meters Tony Sanchez, college football head coach George Wells, wrestler Tommy Wiseau, director, actor, producer, screenwriter See also Berkeley City College College of Alameda Merritt College KGPC-LP 96.9 FM Oakland City University, a similarly named college in Indiana. References External links Official website * Category:California Community Colleges System Category:Education in Oakland, California Category:Educational institutions established in 1953 Category:Universities and colleges in Alameda County, California Category:Schools accredited ### Assistant:
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### User: Brian Worth (30 July 1914 – 25 August 1978) was an English actor, known for Scrooge (1951), The Man in the White Suit (1951) and An Inspector Calls (1954). He died on 25 August 1978 aged 64. Educated in Britain and America, he learnt the technical side of commercial advertising films before deciding to turn to acting. During the Second World War he served in the armed forces (1941-1946) and between 1946 and 1947 he acted on stage. Filmography References External links Category:English male film actors Category:English male television actors Category:English male stage actors Category:1914 births Category:1978 deaths Category:20th-century English ### Assistant:
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### User: Ezekiel 23 is the twenty-third chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter forms part of a series of "predictions regarding the fall of Jerusalem", and is written in the form of a message delivered by God to Ezekiel. It presents an extended metaphor in which Samaria and Jerusalem are compared to sisters named Oholah (Samaria) and Oholibah (Jerusalem), who are the wives of God and accused of "playing ### Assistant:
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### User: Foucault's Pendulum (original title: Il pendolo di Foucault ) is a novel by Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco. It was first published in 1988, and an English translation by William Weaver appeared a year later. Foucault's Pendulum is divided into ten segments represented by the ten Sefiroth. The satirical novel is full of esoteric references to Kabbalah, alchemy, and conspiracy theory—so many that critic and novelist Anthony Burgess suggested that it needed an index. The pendulum of the title refers to an actual pendulum designed by French physicist Léon Foucault to demonstrate Earth's rotation, which has symbolic significance withinthe novel. Some believe that it refers to Michel Foucault, noting Eco's friendship with the French philosopher, but the author "specifically rejects any intentional reference to Michel Foucault"—this is regarded as one of his subtle literary jokes. Plot summary The book opens with narrator Casaubon hiding in the Parisian technical museum Musée des Arts et Métiers after closing time. He believes that members of a secret society have kidnapped his friend Jacopo Belbo and are now after him. Most of the novel is then told in flashback as Casaubon waits in the museum. In 1970s Milan, Casaubon is studying theof the occult. Casaubon's relationship with Amparo falls apart after attending an Umbanda rite and he returns to Milan, where he is hired by Belbo's employer, Mr. Garamond as a researcher. Casaubon learns that in addition to a respected publishing house, Garamond also owns Manuzio, a vanity publisher that charges incompetent authors large sums of money to print their work. Garamond has the idea to begin two lines of occult books, one for serious publishing and the other to be published by Manutius to attract more vanity authors. Belbo, Diotallevi and Casaubon become submerged in occult manuscripts that draw flimsyconnections between historical events, and have the idea to develop their own as a game. Using Belbo's personal computer Abulafia and Ardenti's manuscript as a foundation, the three create what they call "The Plan" using a program that rearranges text at random to produce an intricate web of conspiracy theories. The Plan becomes a theory about the Templars possessing knowledge of ancient energy flows called "telluric currents", and their goal is to reshape the world to their will using the currents and the Foucault pendulum, the focal point of the currents. In addition to numerous other historical organizations apparently involvedspiritual brotherhood that includes Garamond, Ardenti, and many of the Diabolical authors, and forces Belbo to come to Paris with him. Casaubon goes to Belbo's apartment and reads his personal files on his computer. Believing Agliè and his associates intend to meet at the museum where Foucault's Pendulum is housed, Casaubon follows them to Paris. In the present as Casaubon hides in the museum, a group of people gather around the pendulum for an arcane ritual. Casaubon sees several ectoplasmic forms appear, one of which claims to be the real Comte de Saint-Germain and discredits Agliè in front of hisfollowers. They are, or have convinced themselves they are, the Tres society in The Plan. Belbo is questioned but he refuses to reveal what he knows, inciting a riot during which Belbo is hanged from Foucault's Pendulum. Casaubon escapes the museum through the Paris sewers, eventually fleeing to the countryside villa where Belbo had grown up. Casaubon soon learns that Diotallevi succumbed to his cancer at midnight on St. John's Eve, coincidentally the same time Belbo died. It is unclear by this point how reliable a narrator Casaubon has been, and to what extent he has been inventing, or deceivedCode". The parchment that sparks the Plan plays a role which is similar to the parchments in the Rennes-le-Château story in Brown's novel and in The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (1982), from which Brown drew inspiration. Eco's novel predated the Da Vinci phenomenon by more than a decade, but both novels are concerned with the Knights Templar, complex conspiracies, secret codes, and even a chase around the monuments of Paris. Eco does so, however, from a much more critical perspective; Foucault is more a satire on the futility of conspiracy theories and those who believe them, rather thanto Danilo Kiš's story "The Book of Kings and Fools" in The Encyclopedia of the Dead (1983) for the portrayal of Sergei Nilus. The Boston Globe claimed that "one can trace a lineage from Robert Anton Wilson's The Illuminatus! Trilogy to Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum". The Illuminatus! Trilogy was written 13 years before Foucault's Pendulum. George Johnson wrote on the similarity of the two books that "both works were written tongue in cheek, with a high sense of irony." Both books are divided into ten segments represented by the ten Sefiroth. Foucault's Pendulum also bears a number of similarities toEco's own experiences and writing. The character of Belbo was brought up in the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. Eco refers to his own visit to a Candomblé ceremony in Brazil in an article compiled in Faith In Fakes, reminiscent of the episode in the novel. He also describes French ethnologist Roger Bastide who bears a resemblance to the character of Agliè. Eco's novel was also a direct inspiration on Charles Cecil during the development of Revolution Software's highly successful point and click adventure game Broken Sword: The Shadow of the Templars, in which an American tourist and aFrench journalist must thwart a conspiracy by a shadowy cabal who model themselves on the Knights Templar. See also El Club Dumas The Illuminatus! Trilogy Notes References External links Annotations at Umberto Eco Wiki – A wiki guide to the novel. "Foucault pendulum video" Foucault pendulum at the Musée des arts et métiers, Paris, France) (video clip) List of Eco's fiction with short introductions Foucault's Pendulum, reviewed by Ted Gioia (The New Canon) Category:1988 novels Category:20th-century Italian novels Category:Metafictional novels Category:Metaphysical fiction novels Category:Novels by Umberto Eco Category:Novels set in Italy Category:Philosophical novels Category:Postmodern novels Category:Satirical novels Category:Secret histories Category:Secker ### Assistant:
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### User: Georg Johan Tjegodiev [or Tchegodaieff] Kajanus (born 9 February 1946) is a Norwegian composer and pop musician, best known as the lead singer and songwriter of the British pop group Sailor. Early years Kajanus was born in Trondheim, Norway, to Prince Pavel [also Paulo] Tjegodiev of Russia and Johanna Kajanus, a French-Finnish sculptress, bronze medal winner for sculpture at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937), and granddaughter of Robert Kajanus, the Finnish composer, conductor, champion of Sibelius and founder of the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra. He is the brother of the late actress and film-makerEva Norvind and the uncle to Mexican theater and television actress Nailea Norvind. Kajanus moved with his mother and sister to Paris at the age of twelve where he studied music and classical guitar, as well as attending the Cité Universitaire’s flying school. The family then relocated to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where Kajanus worked as a stained-glass window designer. Early musical career Kajanus was a member of UK-based folk rock band Eclection, who released a self-titled album in 1968 and wrote Cliff Richard's single "Flying Machine" (1971). Kajanus and Phil Pickett, who had been acquainted for some time, collaborated onan album, Hi Ho Silver! (1972), as Kajanus/Pickett. Deciding to form a group, tentatively named KP Packet, Kajanus and Pickett enlisted drummer and percussionist Grant Serpell (Affinity), and keyboard player and guitarist Henry Marsh (Gringo). In 1973, the foursome made their first recordings in a small studio in North London. Most of this material was not released at the time, but three demos are featured in Sailor's Buried Treasure 2-CD box set (2006). Sailor Kajanus had developed a musical theater concept, Red Light Review, based on his memories of being a young man in places like Pigalle in Paris's red-lightdistrict. Encouraged by Grant Serpell to rework this material as pop songs, Kajanus devised the concept for Sailor. Sailor signed to Epic Records-CBS Records and between 1974 and 1978 released five albums with Kajanus: Sailor, Trouble, The Third Step, Checkpoint (without Pickett) and Hideaway. Kajanus was the lead singer, guitarist and, for the first three albums, the sole songwriter for the band, penning its two major hits, "A Glass of Champagne" and "Girls, Girls, Girls". Kajanus then left Sailor, leaving Pickett as the creative force behind their next album, Dressed for Drowning. DATA and afterwards After leaving Sailor in 1978,Kajanus began to experiment with electronic music, forming DATA with Frankie and Phil Boulter. The classical-oriented title track of DATA’s first album, Opera Electronica, was the theme music to the short film, Towers of Babel (1981). DATA then followed with two more studio albums, 2-TiME (1983) and Elegant Machinery (1985). Shortly after DATA disbanded, Kajanus formed Fatima and the Mamluks with Henry Marsh. They recorded only four songs, with two being released on a Razormaid! anthology on vinyl, Razormaid: The Epilogue: Back to Basics (1985). Kajanus and Marsh also collaborated on the soundtrack for the British TV series, The Kid(1986), starring actor/singer Steve Fairnie. He worked with the Japanese composer and musician Shigeru Umebayashi, co-writing and producing songs for his album, Ume (1988). Sailor again In 1989, Kajanus reunited with Henry Marsh and Phil Pickett to write and record some new material. This was not released at the time, but three songs are featured in Sailor's Buried Treasure 2-CD box set (2006). Kajanus, Marsh, Pickett and Grant Serpell reformed Sailor in 1990. The group recorded two albums, Sailor (1991) and Street Lamp (1992), with Kajanus once again writing and arranging all the material. They achieved further chart success incontinental Europe with singles such as "La Cumbia" and "The Secretary". Noir In the late nineties, Kajanus formed the "poetic-techno" duo Noir with Tim Dry (previously of Tik and Tok). Noir’s single "Walking" was used extensively in the 1997 Channel 4 television series Feast, an avant-garde culinary program directed by TV food maestro David Pritchard. Feast was hosted by Noir and also starred French TV chef Jean Christophe Novelli. Noir's album Strange Desire, recorded in 1995, was eventually released on Angel Air Records in 2007. Other projects Kajanus composed the soundtracks for two documentaries directed by German filmmaker Monika Treut:Didn't Do It for Love (1997) and the award-winning Gendernauts (1999). In 2008, Kajanus began working with Roberto Trippini and Barbie Wilde on a new version of the Sailor musical - an update of his original Red Light Review concept - which he describes as "a bittersweet musical about two people searching for love in the ruins of post-War Marseille". Kajanus's other current musical project is People Industry, which he describes as "an exuberant, musical exploration of the human journey." References External links Georg Kajanus Web Site Sailor: A Musical in Development People Industry Sailor Club Kajanus videos at youtube.com ### Assistant:
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### User: KABN-FM was a non-commercial College radio station in Kasilof, Alaska, broadcasting to the Kenai, Alaska, area on 89.5 FM. History The call letters KABN were previously used by a station owned by Valley Radio Corporation. That station was licensed to Long Island, Big Lake, Alaska, broadcasting at 830 AM. The station's studios and transmitter were actually located northeast of Big Lake proper, off of Johnson Road. This version of KABN operated from 1979 to 1988, when it was sold to Chester Coleman and subsequently shut down. The station owner's surrendered KABN-FM's license to the Federal Communications Commission on July 19, ### Assistant:
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### User: Balablok is a 1972 animated short written and directed by Břetislav Pojar exploring the human propensity for resorting to violence over reason. Produced by René Jodoin for the National Film Board of Canada, with music by Maurice Blackburn, the 7 min 27 sec film received the 1973 Grand Prix du Festival for Short Film at the Cannes Film Festival. The film was produced at a cost of C$37,000, utilizing cutout animation. References External links Watch Balablok at NFB.ca Category:1972 films Category:1972 animated films Category:1972 short films Category:1970s animated short films Category:1970s political films Category:1970s war films Category:Films without speech Category:National ### Assistant:
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### User: Ashot Chilingarian (; born 18 May 1949) is an Armenian physicist known for his contributions to the fields of high-energy astrophysics, space weather, and high-energy atmospheric physics. He is the head of the Cosmic Ray Division (CRD) and the director of the Alikhanyan Physics Institute in Armenia. Life and career Chilingarian was born on 18 May 1949, in Yerevan, Armenia into an academic family. His father, Aghasi Chilingarian, was a biologist and the head of the Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, mother Nora Nazarbekova graduated from Saint Petersburg Chemistry-Technological Institute. His elder sister, MarinaChilingarian graduated from the Armenian State Pedagogical University. He entered the Faculty of Physics of Yerevan State University in 1966, and in 1971 received his bachelor's degree in nuclear physics. He earned his PhD degree in 1984 and Doctorate of Science in Physics and Mathematics in 1991 from the Yerevan Physics Institute (YerPhi). Awards During his professional life, Chilingarian has received many awards including: Winner of the first ever World Summit on Information Society award in e-Science for the Data Visualization Interactive Network project in 2003 In 2008, Yerevan, Contribution to science by Armenia Presidential Award in the field ofphysics for a series of research papers referred to as "High-energy phenomena in thunderous atmosphere" in 2012 Affiliations Chilingarian is a member of many professional societies such as: Armenia's representative to the International Commission for Space Research (COSPAR) Armenia's representative to the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) Armenia's representative to the European COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action ES0803: "Developing space weather products and services in Europe" Founder and spokesperson of the Aragats Space Environmental Center (ASEC) Member of American Geophysical Union (AGU) Member of the international advisory committee of the European Cosmic Ray symposiums Member of the ### Assistant:
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### User: Ernest Charles Auguste Candèze was a Belgian doctor and entomologist born 22 February 1827 at Liège and dying in Glain, 30 June 1898. He studied in Liege under Jean Theodore Lacordaire (1801-1870), then studied medicine in Paris and Liège. Following Lacordaire's advice he joined the circle of entomologists in Liege which included his longstanding friend Félicien Chapuis (1824-1879) and also Edmond de Sélys Longchamps (1813-1900) and the English entomologist Robert McLachlan (1837-1904). He took part in the foundation of the Belgian Entomological Society. It was Lacordaire who encouraged him to specialize in Elateridae on which he published revisions of whichthe very rare Monographie of Elateridae (four volumes, Liege, 1857-1863) is important . He was a friend of the French editor Pierre-Jules Hetzel (1814-1886) who pressed him to write scientific novels in order to popularize entomology to a larger audience: Aventures d'un grillon, Adventures of a cricket (Paris, 1877), La Gileppe, les infortunes d'une population d'insectes, Gileppe, misfortunes of a population of insects (Paris, 1879), which had a certain success, and Périnette, histoire surprenante de cinq moineaux... Périnette, surprising history of five sparrows... (Paris, 1886). Also impassioned by photography, he developed a foldable camera which was a great success in ### Assistant:
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### User: "Under the Bridge" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. It is the eleventh track on the group's fifth studio album, Blood Sugar Sex Magik, and was released as its second single on March 10, 1992. Vocalist Anthony Kiedis wrote the lyrics to express feelings of loneliness and despondency, and to reflect on narcotics and their impact on his life. Kiedis was driving home from rehearsals when "Blood Sugar Sex Magik" was in pre-production and said he sang the lyrics to himself. Kiedis initially did not feel that Under the Bridge would fit into the ChiliPeppers' repertoire, and was reluctant to show it to his bandmates until producer Rick Rubin implored him to do so. The rest of the band was receptive to the lyrics and wrote the music. The song became a critical and commercial success, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, behind "Jump" by Kris Kross and later receiving a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America. The single's success was widened with the release of its accompanying video, which was frequently played on music television channels. It won the "Viewer's Choice Award" and "Breakthrough Video" at the1992 MTV Video Music Awards. "Under the Bridge" helped the Red Hot Chili Peppers enter the mainstream. David Fricke of Rolling Stone said that the song "unexpectedly drop-kicked the band into the Top 10", while Philip Booth of The Tampa Tribune commented that it was a "pretty, undulating, [and] by-now omnipresent single." Its success led in part to the departure of guitarist John Frusciante, who preferred the band to remain underground. The song has become an inspiration to other artists, and remains a seminal component of the alternative rock movement of the early and mid-1990s. Origins and recording During theproduction of the Red Hot Chili Peppers' 1991 album Blood Sugar Sex Magik, producer Rick Rubin regularly visited singer Anthony Kiedis to review Kiedis' new material. He found a poem titled "Under the Bridge" while flipping through Kiedis' notebook and instantly took an interest in the poignant lyrics. Rubin suggested that Kiedis show it to the rest of the band: "I thought it was beautiful. I said 'We've got to do this.'" Kiedis was reluctant, as he felt the poem was too emotional and did not fit the Chili Peppers' style. After singing the poem to guitarist John Frusciante anddrummer Chad Smith, Kiedis recalls that they "got up and walked over to their instruments and started finding the beat and guitar chords to match it". Frusciante chose the chords he played in the introduction to balance out the depressing nature of the lyrics, saying "my brain interpreted it as being a really sad song so I thought if the lyrics are really sad like that I should write some chords that are happier". For several days Frusciante and Kiedis worked on the song, and it became one of the few tracks written and completed prior to the band movinginto The Mansion where they recorded the album. After the song was recorded, Rubin felt the grand and epic outro would benefit from a large group of singers. Frusciante invited his mother, Gail, and her friend, both of whom sang in a choir, to perform. Lyrics and meaning Kiedis wrote much of the song's lyrics during a period when he felt distraught and emotionally drained. He had maintained sobriety for roughly three years and felt that this had distanced him from his bandmates. While the group worked on Blood Sugar Sex Magik, Frusciante and Flea often smoked marijuana together, ignoringsusceptibility. Despite these emotions, Kiedis believed that his life was better without drugs, telling Rolling Stone that "no matter how sad or lonely I got, things were a million percent better than they were two years earlier when I was using drugs all the time. There was no comparison." The optimistic ideology gave birth to the chorus of the song: "I don't ever want to feel / Like I did that day / Take me to the place I love", "the place" meaning his bandmates, friends, and family. One of the most notable verses in the song discusses the harshyears, Kiedis refused to acknowledge the location of the bridge, though he noted that it is in downtown Los Angeles. Using clues provided by Kiedis in his autobiography Scar Tissue, writer Mark Haskell Smith concluded that the bridge that inspired the song was located in the city's MacArthur Park, this however contradicts Kiedis own assertion that the bridge was underneath a freeway. Other possible cited locations have included the Belmont Tunnel about half a mile from MacArthur Park, and more recently, the overpass where Interstate Highway 10 (the Santa Monica Freeway) crosses over Hoover Street close to downtown L.A. Musicand composition "Under the Bridge" is performed in 4/4 time in the key of E major. The intro changes between D and F major chords before the first verse brings the song into E. The bridge and outro of the song modulate to A minor. The song marks an important shift in style for Kiedis, who had spent most of his career singing rapidly due to his limited ability to reach high notes. The song begins with Frusciante playing a moderately slow intro that the guitarist said drew heavily on the 1967 Jimi Hendrix song "Little Wing". As Kiedis beginsto sing, the guitar playing becomes more rapid until it reaches an E major seventh chord that halts the song; the silence is broken by drummer Chad Smith's closed hi-hat and cross stick struck at a moderately fast tempo. Frusciante borrowed the E major seventh chord technique from British guitarist Marc Bolan of the glam rock band T. Rex, who initially wrote it in the song "Rip Off" from the group's 1971 album Electric Warrior; Frusciante lightheartedly noted that "I ripped off a song called 'Rip Off'. I thought that was interesting." The song continues with another verse and subsequentand drums stop, Frusciante and Flea play the outro until the song ends. Release and reception The first single off Blood Sugar Sex Magik was "Give It Away", which reached number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in late 1991. The band did not foresee "Under the Bridge" being as successful, but understood the potential commercial viability. Warner Bros. Records sent representatives to a Chili Peppers concert to determine which song should be the next single. When Frusciante began playing "Under the Bridge", Kiedis missed his cue and the entire audience began singing the song instead. Kiedis wasinitially "mortified that I had fucked up in front of Warner's people [...] I apologized for fucking up but they said 'Fucking up? Are you kidding me? When every single kid at the show sings a song, that's our next single'." "Under the Bridge" became the album's second single in March 1992; upon release, journalist Jeff Apter noted that it "was the bona fide, across-all-formats radio hit that the band had been working towards for seven years." It spent twenty-six cumulative weeks on the United States Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number two, being one of the several songsstuck behind Kris Kross' 8-week reign of "Jump". The single has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Tom Moon of Rolling Stone felt that the song "revealed new dimensions. The rhythm section displays a growing curiosity about studio texture and nuance". David Fricke of Rolling Stone said that "Under the Bridge" is a "stark and uncommonly pensive ballad", commenting that the song "drop-kicked the band into the Top 10". Philip Booth of The Tampa Tribune believed that the single was "undulating [and] omnipresent" not only in the alternative rock genre, but in pop music as awhole. Ben DiPietro of the Richmond Times-Dispatch praised the record as a whole, but was most impressed by the Chili Peppers' shift from exclusive hard rock to adding more moderately paced tracks: "there's still plenty of sonic funk to bang heads to, but the best tracks are the slower ones such as 'Under the Bridge'". Nick Griffiths (Select) described the song as "all mellow strumming and thoughtfully shallow vocals, though it's almost exonerated by a shrill unexpectedly choral middle eight." Amy Hanson of Allmusic noted that the song has "become an integral part of the 1990s alterna-landscape, and remains oneof the purest diamonds that sparkle amongst the rough-hewn and rich funk chasms that dominate the Peppers' own oeuvre". She went on to praise "Under the Bridge" for being a "poignant sentiment that is self evident among the simple guitar which cradles the introductory verse, and the sense of fragility that is only doubled by the still down-tempo choral crescendo". "Under the Bridge" has been included in many publications' "Best of ..." lists. In 2002, Kerrang! placed the song at number six on their list of the "100 Greatest Singles of All Time". Q ranked the song number 180 ontheir compilation of the "1001 Best Songs, Ever". Life included "Under the Bridge" in the compilation "40 Years of Rock & Roll, 5 Songs Per Year 1952–1991", with the year being 1991. Pause and Play included the song in their unordered list of the "10 Songs of the 90's"; and the song ranked fifteenth in VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of the 90s". Rolling Stone and MTV compiled a list of the "100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles" in 2000, with "Under the Bridge" coming in fifty-fourth. "Under the Bridge" was also ranked #98 in the list of Rolling Stone"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time". Music video The music video for "Under the Bridge" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for Blood Sugar Sex Magik. Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film My Own Private Idaho. The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for "Under the Bridge". Flea credits the video as "the thing that really made us breakis a nuclear explosion (the "Baker" shot of Operation Crossroads). The video ends with various superimposed images of the band, followed by Frusciante playing alone on a pedestal—this time with an inverted shot of the ocean as the sky. MTV placed the "Under the Bridge" video on heavy rotation. At the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, the Red Hot Chili Peppers led the nominations, which included the categories of "Best Video", "Best Group", and "Best Direction". "Under the Bridge" won the group "Breakthrough Video" and "Viewers Choice Best Video"; the band's video for "Give It Away" won "Best Art Direction".The video ranked eighth best in a poll dictated by the readers of the Chicago Tribune called "The Best and Worst of '92". Live performances The song's widespread success has made it indispensable to the band's live setlists and has been performed over 640 times since 1991 making it the band's second most performed song behind "Give it Away". Unlike several of the Chili Peppers' other songs, "Under the Bridge" is not interpreted in a different manner than what is on the record—aside from being played acoustically, the track is performed the same as it appears on Blood Sugar SexMagik. Kiedis is, however, notorious for being incapable of achieving several high notes in live performances; the vocalist has noted that he sometimes forgets or rearranges song lyrics in the verses. Therefore, the song has sometimes suffered from his limitations as a singer. After being released as a single in March 1992, the song would be included in virtually all concerts; Frusciante, however, began to resent the song's popularity and would play convoluted intros, purposefully throwing Kiedis off. An example of this was during a televised performance on the highly rated program Saturday Night Live on February 22, 1992. Kiedissaid that it "felt like I was getting stabbed in the back and hung out to dry in front of all of America while [Frusciante] was off in a corner in the shadow, playing some dissonant out-of-tune experiment." The guitarist used a distortion pedal for the ending verse and screamed incomprehensibly into the microphone when providing backup vocals, neither of which were originally planned or typical of live performances. Nevertheless, sales of Blood Sugar Sex Magik skyrocketed following the show. At times Kiedis has also resented singing the song, especially during instances when he felt distanced from the song's lyrics.In the past few years, however, Kiedis has experienced a revival in interest: "Although there have been times when I was over ['Under the Bridge'], I've rediscovered it and now I feel close to it and it still has power, and life, and purpose as a song." Frusciante believed that the flexibility of "Under the Bridge" has contributed to its success: "A lot of the time that is one of the ingredients of a hit; you can hear it over and over and it will still always mean new things, but you do go through cycles." Flea believes that thereason "Under the Bridge" had a recent revival in relevancy was due to Frusciante's return to the band from 1998 to 2009 after quitting in 1992. Flea believed that it was vital to have the four members who wrote the track together. "Under the Bridge" was played at the 1999 Woodstock Festival, which the Red Hot Chili Peppers headlined; they were the final act to perform. Attempts at distributing candles that were to be lit during the song backfired when the crowd, which was already disorderly, instead created a bonfire. Lighthearted foul-play escalated into violence when several women who hadin 2006. During the band's 2006 Stadium Arcadium World Tour, the band for the first time decided to drop the song from some of the setlists in favor of "I Could Have Lied" or "Soul to Squeeze". This continued on the band's 2016–17 The Getaway World Tour. On May 18, 2017, before playing "Under the Bridge" at a show in Indianapolis, Indiana, Flea said, "Love to Chris Cornell". Chris Cornell had died after Soundgarden's concert the night before. Formats and track listing Cassette/CD/7" (1991) "Under the Bridge" – 4:24 "Give It Away" – 4:43 CD (1991) "Under the Bridge" –4:24 "Sikamikanico" – 3:23 "Soul to Squeeze" – 4:50 "Search and Destroy" – 3:34 7", cassette (1991) "Under the Bridge" – 4:24 "The Righteous & the Wicked" – 4:08 12" (1991) "Under the Bridge" – 4:24 "Search and Destroy" – 3:34 "Soul to Squeeze" – 4:50 "Sikamikanico" – 3:23 UK CD1 (1994 UK re-release) "Under the Bridge" – 4:24 "Sikamikanico" – 3:23 "Suck My Kiss" (live) – 3:45 "Search and Destroy" – 3:34 UK CD2 (1994 UK re-release) "Under the Bridge" – 4:24 "Fela's Cock" – 5:10 "I Could Have Lied" (live) – 4:33 "Give It Away" (in progress) –3:43 7", Vinyl (1992) "Under the Bridge" – 4:24 "Sikamikanico" – 3:23 7" Blue Vinyl (1994 UK re-release) "Under The Bridge" – 4:24 "Suck My Kiss" (live) – 3:45 Personnel Red Hot Chili Peppers Anthony Kiedis – vocals John Frusciante – guitar Flea – bass guitar Chad Smith – drums Additional musicians Gail Frusciante and her friends – choir vocals Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Decade-end charts Certifications !scope="col" colspan="3"| Digital sales |- All Saints version "Under the Bridge" was the third single released from the All Saints debut album, All Saints. It became their second number-one single on theUK Singles Chart. A total of 424,799 singles have been sold in the United Kingdom. The cover of the Chili Peppers song was released as a double A-side with "Lady Marmalade", also a cover, by LaBelle. In Europe, a single of only "Lady Marmalade" was also released. The proceeds from the single went to breast cancer charities. Background "Under the Bridge" was slightly altered because it contained personal lyrics by Anthony Kiedis, and the All Saints covered it because they liked the overall sound and feeling of the recording. The All Saints version contains samples of the original recording, themost important one being the distinctive guitar playing in the beginning. The Red Hot Chili Peppers were, however, displeased with this version; Kiedis felt the cover was poorly recreated and, with the omission of the final verse, which contains the line "Under the bridge downtown / is where I drew some blood", it lost all personal significance. He said of All Saints' version: "It was kind of funny, they looked so pretty and clean, it looked like they didn't know what they were singing about". The guitar on "Under the Bridge" was played by Richard Hawley. The original Japanese editionof the album version features a different, more R&B/pop version of the song. Music video Both videos were shot as a set and cost £500,000 to make. The videos took four months of production before release. The girls chose to perform their own stunts in the video, and at one point Natalie Appleton was knocked over by an explosion, although she remained unhurt. The videos are in a futuristic big city. In the "Lady Marmalade" video, there is a party which causes several floors of a tall building to cave in. The "Under the Bridge" video appears to be set"Under the Bridge" has been covered several times since its release in 1992. The song was first transcribed in 1994 by the a cappella group The Flying Pickets from their album The Original Flying Pickets: Volume 1. Notable jazz musician Frank Bennett covered the song by fusing elements of big bands and bebop in his 1996 album Five O'Clock Shadow. Hip hop artist Mos Def included the beginning verse of "Under the Bridge" in the song "Brooklyn," from his 1999 record Black on Both Sides. He, however, changed the line "the city I live in, the City of Angels", whichrefers to Los Angeles, to "the city I live in is beautiful Brooklyn," to match his song's premise. Tony Hadley covered the song on his 1995 album Obsession. Britain's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra has modified "Under the Bridge" at several concerts—they perform various rock pieces combined into a single orchestral ensemble, often including the Chili Peppers' hit. Alternative hip hop band Gym Class Heroes performed "Under the Bridge" on the 2006 assemblage Punk Goes '90s, an album that compiled popular rock songs from the 1990s being covered by contemporary artists. Gym Class Heroes continued to play "Under the Bridge" during theirtour; lead singer Travis McCoy has said that it is "a timeless song. It's one of those songs you hear and are like 'Damn did this shit just come out?'" The All Saints version of "Under the Bridge", released in 1998, was the most successful cover version, reaching number one in the United Kingdom. The cover removed the final verse of the song that discusses drug use. The 1993 "Weird Al" Yankovic song "Bedrock Anthem", set in the world of The Flintstones, begins with a brief parody of "Under the Bridge", followed by a more extensive parody of "Give ItAway". In 2009, the Stanley Clarke Trio covered the song on the album Jazz in the Garden. John Craigie covers the song on his album Leave the Fire Behind. References Notes Category:1991 songs Category:1992 singles Category:1990s ballads Category:Red Hot Chili Peppers songs Category:Songs written by Anthony Kiedis Category:Songs written by Flea (musician) Category:Songs written by John Frusciante Category:Songs written by Chad Smith Category:Warner Records singles Category:Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin Category:Songs about Los Angeles Category:Songs about drugs Category:Songs about heroin Category:Songs about homelessness Category:Number-one singles in Australia Category:UK Singles Chart number-one singles Category:1998 singles Category:All Saints (group) songs Category:The ### Assistant:
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### User: James Edwin Belser (December 22, 1800 – January 16, 1854) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, Belser attended the public schools. In 1820 he moved with his parents to Sumter District, South Carolina, where he continued his schooling under a private tutor. He moved to Alabama in 1825 and settled in Montgomery. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Montgomery. Belser was elected clerk of the county court. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1828. He also edited the Planters Gazette for several years. ### Assistant:
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### User: Queen Alexandra is a mixed residential and commercial neighbourhood in south west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood, once part of the City of Strathcona, is named for Alexandra, the wife of Edward VII of England. The north edge of the neighbourhood, along Whyte Avenue is part of Old Strathcona, a popular commercial and cultural area of Edmonton. The neighbourhood is bounded on the north by Whyte Avenue, on the west by 109 Street, on the east by 104 Street, and on the south by 70 Avenue. The University of Alberta campus is located a short distance to the west ofthe neighbourhood. Access to the downtown core is north along both 109 Street and 104 Street. The community is represented by the Queen Alexandra Community League, established in 1962, which maintains a community hall located at 104 Street and University Avenue. Demographics In the City of Edmonton's 2012 municipal census, Queen Alexandra had a population of living in dwellings, a 1.3% change from its 2009 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of people/km2 in 2012. Residential development Queen Alexandra is an older Edmonton neighbourhood with residential development beginning with the establishment ofthe City of Strathcona. According to the 2001 federal census, approximately one in seven (15.6%) of all residences were built before the end of World War II. One in five (20.8%) were built between the end of the war and 1960. Another one in five (19.7%) residences were built during the 1960s. Indicating some redevelopment in the neighbourhood, one in three (31.9%) of all residences were built during the 1970s. Only one in eight (12.1%) of all residences were constructed after 1980. According to the 2005 municipal census, the most common type of residence in the neighbourhood are rented apartments.Just over half (51%) of all residences are apartments in low-rise buildings with fewer than five stories while almost one in ten (8%) are apartments in high-rise buildings with five or more stories. One in three (31%) of all residences are single-family dwellings. Seven percent are duplexes while 3% are collective residences. Four out of every five (80%) residences are rented with only on residence in five (20%) being owner occupied. Population mobility The neighbourhood population is highly mobile. According to the 2005 municipal census, one resident in three (33.2%) had moved within the previous twelve months. Another three inten (27.9%) had moved within the previous one to three years. Only one resident in four (26.6%) had lived at the same address for five years or more. Schools and recreation There are four schools in the neighbourhood. Four are operated by the Edmonton Public School System while one is operated by the Edmonton Catholic School System. Edmonton Public Schools Duggan Street/Queen Alex School Queen Alexandra Elementary School/Springhill Community Preschool Strathcona Composite High School Edmonton Catholic Schools Our Lady of Mount Carmel Catholic Elementary Junior High School There are also several recreation facilities located in the neighbourhood. Rollie Miles Athletic ### Assistant:
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### User: Bridge L-158 is a disused railroad bridge over Muscoot Reservoir near Goldens Bridge, New York, United States. Built to carry New York Central Railroad traffic over Rondout Creek near Kingston, it was moved to its current location in 1904. In 1960 it was taken out of service and the tracks removed. It is the only remaining double-intersection Whipple truss railroad bridge in New York. In 1978 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the only bridge entirely within Westchester County to be listed in its own right. Location The bridge is located over an inlet in thereservoir approximately one half-mile (1 km) west of the Goldens Bridge station on the Metro-North Harlem Line and Interstate 684. It straddles the line between the town of Lewisboro on the east and Somers on the west. NY 138 crosses the reservoir to the north. It is most clearly seen from here, although it can also be seen through the woods from commuter trains near the station. It is surrounded by woodlands, part of the reservoir's protected watershed lands, all owned, like the bridge, by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection. The former route of the tracks is ### Assistant:
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### User: The Red Barn Murder was a notorious murder committed in Polstead, Suffolk, England in 1827. A young woman, Maria Marten, was shot dead by her lover William Corder. The two had arranged to meet at the Red Barn, a local landmark, before eloping to Ipswich. Maria was never seen alive again and Corder fled the scene. He sent letters to Marten's family claiming that she was in good health, but her body was later discovered buried in the barn after her stepmother spoke of having dreamed about the murder. Corder was tracked down in London, where he had married andstarted a new life. He was brought back to Suffolk and found guilty of murder in a well-publicised trial. He was hanged at Bury St Edmunds in 1828 and a huge crowd witnessed the execution. The story provoked numerous newspaper articles, songs and plays. The village where the crime had taken place became a tourist attraction and the barn was stripped by souvenir hunters. The plays and ballads remained popular throughout the next century and continue to be performed today. Murder Maria Marten (born 24 July 1801) was the daughter of Thomas Marten, a molecatcher from Polstead, Suffolk. In Marchto London in disgrace after his fraudulent sale of the pigs, but he was recalled to Polstead when his brother Thomas drowned attempting to cross a frozen pond. His father and three brothers all died within 18 months of each other and only William remained to run the farm with his mother. Corder wished to keep his relationship with Marten a secret, but she gave birth to their child in 1827 at the age of 25, and was apparently keen that she and Corder should marry. The child died (later reports suggested that it may have been murdered), but Corderthe remains of his daughter buried in a sack. She was badly decomposed but still identifiable. An inquest was carried out at the Cock Inn at Polstead (which still stands today), where Maria was formally identified by her sister Ann from some physical characteristics. Her hair and some clothing were recognisable, and she was known to be missing a tooth which was also absent from the jawbone of the corpse. Evidence was uncovered to implicate Corder in the crime: his green handkerchief was discovered around the body's neck. Capture Corder was easily discovered, as Ayres, the constable in Polstead, wasday of the murder; some letters from a Mr Gardener, which may have contained warnings about the discovery of the crime; and a passport from the French ambassador, evidence which suggested that Corder may have been preparing to flee. Trial Corder was taken back to Suffolk where he was tried at Shire Hall, Bury St Edmunds. The trial started on 7 August 1828, having been put back several days because of the interest which the case had generated. The hotels in Bury St Edmunds began to fill up from as early as 21 July, and admittance to the court wasof a mistrial, he was indicted on nine charges, including one of forgery. Ann Marten was called to give evidence of the events of the day of Maria's disappearance and her later dreams. Thomas Marten then told the court how he had dug up his daughter, and Maria's 10-year-old brother George revealed that he had seen Corder with a loaded pistol before the alleged murder and later had seen him walking from the barn with a pickaxe. Lea gave evidence concerning Corder's arrest and the objects found during the search of his house. The prosecution suggested that Corder had neverheld at the museum. Another replica death mask is kept in the dungeons of Norwich Castle. Corder's skin was tanned by surgeon George Creed and used to bind an account of the murder. Corder's skeleton was reassembled, exhibited, and used as a teaching aid in the West Suffolk Hospital. The skeleton was put on display in the Hunterian Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons of England, where it hung beside that of Jonathan Wild. In 2004, Corder's bones were removed and cremated. Rumours After the trial, doubts were raised about both the story of Ann's dreams and the fateof Corder and Marten's child. Ann was only a year older than Maria, and it was suggested that she and Corder had been having an affair and that the two had planned the murder to dispose of Maria so that it could continue without hindrance. Ann's dreams had started only a few days after Corder married Moore, and it was suggested that jealousy was the motive for revealing the body's resting place and that the dreams were a simple subterfuge. Further rumours circulated about the death of Corder and Marten's child. Both claimed that they had taken their dead childto be buried in Sudbury, but no records of this could be discovered and no trace was found of the child's burial site. In his written confession, Corder admitted that he and Marten had argued on the day of the murder over the possibility of the burial site being discovered. In 1967, Donald McCormick wrote The Red Barn Mystery, which brought out a connection between Corder and forger and serial killer Thomas Griffiths Wainewright when the former was in London. According to McCormick, Caroline Palmer, an actress who was appearing frequently in a melodrama based on the Red Barn caseand had been researching the murder, concluded that Corder may have not killed Maria, but that a local gypsy woman might have been the killer. However, McCormick's research has been brought into question on other police- and crime-related stories, and this information has not been generally accepted. Popular interest The case had all the elements to ignite a fervent popular interest: the wicked squire and the poor girl, the iconic murder scene, the supernatural element of the stepmother's prophetic dreams, the detective work by Ayres and Lea (who later became the single character "Pharos Lee" in stage versions of theevents), and Corder's new life which was the result of a lonely hearts advertisement. As a consequence, the case created its own small industry. Plays were being performed while Corder was still awaiting trial, and an anonymous author published a melodramatic version of the murder after the execution, a precursor of the Newgate novels which quickly became best-sellers. The Red Barn Murder was a popular subject, along with the story of Jack Sheppard and other highwaymen, thieves and murderers, for penny gaffs, cheap plays performed in the back rooms of public houses. James Catnach sold more than a million broadsides(sensationalist single sheet newspapers) which gave details of Corder's confession and execution, and included a sentimental ballad supposedly written by Corder himself (though more likely to have been the work of Catnach or somebody in his employ).Hindley p. 79 It was one of at least five ballads about the crime that appeared directly following the execution. Many different versions of the events were set down and distributed due to the excitement around the trial and the public demand for entertainments based on the murder, making it hard for modern readers to discern fact from melodramatic embellishment. Good official records existfrom the trial, and the best record of the events surrounding the case is generally considered to be that of James Curtis, a journalist who spent time with Corder and two weeks in Polstead interviewing those concerned. He was apparently so connected with the case that a newspaper artist who was asked to produce a picture of the accused man drew a likeness of Curtis instead of Corder. Pieces of the rope which was used to hang Corder sold for a guinea each. Part of Corder's scalp with an ear still attached was displayed in a shop in Oxford Street.A lock of Maria's hair sold for two guineas. Polstead became a tourist venue, with visitors travelling from as far afield as Ireland; Curtis estimated that 200,000 people visited Polstead in 1828 alone. The Red Barn and the Martens' cottage excited particular interest. The barn was stripped for souvenirs, down to the planks being removed from the sides, broken up, and sold as toothpicks. It was slated to be demolished after the trial, but it was left standing and eventually burned down in 1842. Even Maria's gravestone in the churchyard of St Mary's, Polstead was eventually chipped away to nothingto add it to his extensive collection of Red Barn memorabilia. After a series of unfortunate events, he became convinced that the skull was cursed and handed it on to a friend named Hopkins. Further disasters plagued both men, and they finally paid for the skull to be given a Christian burial in an attempt to lift the supposed curse. Interest in the case did not quickly fade. The play Maria Marten, or The Murder in the Red Barn existed in various anonymous versions; it was a sensational hit throughout the mid-19th century and may have been the most performedplay of the time. Victorian fairground peep shows were forced to add extra apertures for their viewers when exhibiting their shows of the murder. The plays of the Victorian era tended to portray Corder as a cold-blooded monster and Maria as the innocent whom he preyed upon; her reputation and her children by other fathers were airbrushed out, and Corder was made into an older man. Charles Dickens published an account of the murder in his magazine All the Year Round after initially rejecting it because he felt the story to be too well known and the account of thestepmother's dreams rather far-fetched. The fascination continued into the 20th century with five film versions, including the 1935 Maria Marten, or The Murder in the Red Barn starring Tod Slaughter, and the 1980 BBC drama Maria Marten, with Pippa Guard in the title role. The story has been dramatised for radio a number of times, including two radio dramas by Tod Slaughter (one broadcast on the BBC Regional Programme in 1934, and one broadcast on the BBC Home Service in 1939), a fictionalised account of the murder produced in 1953 for the CBS radio series Crime Classics, entitled "The KillingStory of William Corder and the Farmer's Daughter." and "Hanging Fire", a BBC Monday Play broadcast in 1990 telling the story of the events leading up to the murder as seen through the eyes of Maria's sister Ann. Christopher Bond wrote The Mysterie of Maria Marten and the Murder in the Red Barn in 1991, a melodramatic stage version with some political and folk-tale elements. Notesa. Moore's first name is occasionally reported as Maria but an inscription in Corder's journal and later reports make it clear she was called Mary. The initial newspaper reports said that she had seen Corder'sthe execution scene was cut. The scene was filmed anyway, but the Board demanded it be removed before the film was passed. In the U.S., scenes emphasising Maria's pregnancy, and featuring the words slut and wench'' were cut, and the scene of her burial shortened. Virginia and Ohio made further cuts to the versions they approved for distribution. See also Greenbrier Ghost, an American murder case in which the murderer was allegedly revealed by the victim's ghost Citations References Category:Murder in 1827 Category:1828 in England Category:Murder in Suffolk Category:History of Suffolk Category:19th century in Suffolk Category:1820s murders in the United ### Assistant:
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### User: Exochiko (, before 1957: Κατσίμπαλης - Katsimpalis) is a village in the municipal unit of Filiatra in western Messenia, Greece. Its population is 179 people (2011 census). Exochiko is situated near the Ionian Sea coast, at 60 m elevation. It is 4 km north of Filiatra, 10 km southwest of Kyparissia and 50 km northwest of Kalamata. The Greek National Road 9 (Pyrgos - Kyparissia - Pylos - Methoni) passes west of the village. Population History The origin of the former name Katsimpalis may have been a Turkish local leader Katsibali (Kacibal, Kacibali?), or a companion of revolutionary leader Theodoros ### Assistant:
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### User: The Ischnocera is a large suborder of lice mostly parasitic on birds but including a large family (the Trichodectidae) parasitic on mammals. The genus Trichophilopterus is also found on mammals (lemurs) but probably belongs to the "avian Ischnocera" and represents a host switch from birds to mammals. It is a chewing louse, which feeds on the feathers and skin debris of birds. Many of the avian Ischnocera have evolved an elongated body shape. This allows them to conceal themselves between the feather shafts and avoid being dislodged during preening or flight. The taxonomy of the group is in need of ### Assistant:
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### User: Hits from the Bow is the debut studio album by the Santa Cruz deathcore act Arsonists Get All the Girls, released February 6, 2006 through Process Records. Re-released on January 27, 2009. The title of the song "Scobra vs. Cupcake: Battle of the Bulge" is a reference to Robert Scobie (ex-Moria drummer) and Joel Haston (the band's tour manager). Track listing "This Time You're Going to Get It Dirty Shirley" - 2:56 "Red Meat & Big Trucks" - 3:09 "Scobra vs. Cupcake: Battle of the Bulge" - 4:09 "Shat Shart Tart" - 2:35 "Zombies Ate My Neighbors" - 2:45 "Jazzy ### Assistant:
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### User: Mostasteless is the debut album by American hip hop duo Twiztid, released on November 25, 1997 by Psychopathic Records. The album was reissued in 1999 with distribution by Island Records and a drastically altered track listing, with new tracks added, as well as tracks from the former release removed. Conception Background Jamie Spaniolo (Mr. Bones) and Paul Methric (Hektic), along with The R.O.C., formed the rap trio House of Krazees in 1993. The group released five albums before disbanding in 1997. After the split, Methric and Spaniolo sent a demo tape to Insane Clown Posse member Violent J. The democontained the tracks "2nd Hand Smoke," "Diemuthafuckadie," and "How Does It Feel?" Bruce was extremely impressed, invited Methric and Spaniolo to perform on 'The House of Horrors Tour', and signed them to Psychopathic Records. Before the tour kicked off, Bruce, Methric and Spaniolo decided on a name that they felt would fit the duo—"Twiztid". Recording "Murder Murder Murder" was recorded with the intention of being included on another House of Krazees album, but the group broke up before the album was completed, and the R.O.C.'s verse was deleted from the Mostasteless release of the song. Most of the other songswere written especially for the album, except for "First Day Out", which is a cover of the Insane Clown Posse song which appeared on their 1992 debut Carnival of Carnage. "2nd Hand Smoke" samples the chorus from En Vogue's "Free Your Mind". "85 Bucks An Hour" samples "It Takes Two by Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock. Twiztid recorded with guest appearances by Insane Clown Posse on "Meat Cleaver" and "85 Bucks An Hour", and Myzery on "Meat Cleaver". ICP's producer, Mike E. Clark, and Scott Sumner. Joseph Utsler has a non-rap spoken interlude on "She Ain't Afraid". Joseph Bruceprovided additional vocals on other songs. "Rendition of Reality" contained a hidden track which revealed a hotline number. Release Mostasteless was initially released on November 25, 1997 by Psychopathic Records; while alternate cover artwork depicted a two-headed fetus, the main cover artwork depicted the faces of Spaniolo and Methric. Psychopathic had not had success with attempting to release albums by artists other than Insane Clown Posse, but Mostasteless was well received by ICP's Juggalo fanbase. While on tour with ICP, Twiztid learned that Psychopathic would pull Mostasteless from stores, and that it would be reissued by Island Records. The Islandreissue. This version was released on June 22, 1999, and peaked at #8 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and #149 on the Billboard 200. Reception In his review of the reissued album, Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that "[Although] the thought of a group of Insane Clown Posse protégés isn't exactly inspiring", the album "may take you by surprise...Mostasteless actually works better than most ICP records," that "Twiztid often is more convincing than [its] Dark Carnival colleagues," and concluded that "if you don't buy into the whole comic book-horror shtick, Mostasteless...will be irritating, but if you've bought into it, you'llMurder, Murder" was reused in Cold 187um's song "An Offer He Can't Refuse" from his 2012 album, The Only Solution. In mid June 2017 it was announced that Twiztid will do a 20th anniversary tour to celebrate the album. 2017 Anniversary Tour In mid June 2017 it was announced that Twiztid will take part in the 20th Anniversary: Mostasteless Tour, performing the album in its entirety. It was also announced that Blaze Ya Dead Homie will be performing Blaze Ya Dead Homie EP in its entirety. The lineup for the tour was Twiztid, Moonshine Bandits, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Whitney ### Assistant:
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### User: Emilio del Toro Cuebas (June 4, 1876 in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico – November 10, 1955 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico from 1909 until 1922. Born in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico in 1876, earned his degree in law from the University of Havana in 1897. Began his career in the private practice in 1898, seven years later began his juridical career. Served as Prosecutor for the District courts of Humacao and San Juan. Later became Assistant attorney General of Puerto Rico appointed as Supreme Court prosecutor and Judge of ### Assistant:
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### User: Richard Breitenfeld (13 October 1869 – 1944) was a German baritone. He was a member of the Frankfurt Opera ensemble and was murdered in the Theresienstadt concentration camp. Breitenfeld was born in Reichenberg (now in the Czech Republic) and made his debut in 1897 as Count Luna in Verdi's Il trovatore in Cologne. In 1912, he sang the role of the count in Act II of Franz Schreker's Der ferne Klang in its world premiere at the Frankfurt Opera. The contralto Magda Spiegel, also of the Frankfurt Opera, was murdered in Auschwitz. According to Peter Hugh Reed writing in American ### Assistant:
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### User: Broken City is a 2013 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Allen Hughes and written by Brian Tucker. Mark Wahlberg stars as a police officer turned private investigator and Russell Crowe as the mayor of New York City who hires the private detective to investigate his wife. This is Hughes' first solo feature film directing effort; in previous productions he collaborated with his twin brother Albert. Under a partnership between Emmett/Furla Films and Regency Enterprises, Hughes began production in 2011 in New York City and Louisiana. The film was released in theaters on , 2013. The film's box officereturns fell short of expectations, earning just over $34 million in ticket sales and failing to recoup its $35 million production budget. Plot NYPD police officer Billy Taggart (Mark Wahlberg) is arrested for the murder of Mikey Tavarez, who was believed to have raped and murdered 16-year-old Yesenia Barea but "walked" on a technicality. Chief Carl Fairbanks (Jeffrey Wright) goes to Mayor of New York City Nicholas Hostetler (Russell Crowe) with a witness and evidence incriminating Taggart, but Hostetler buries the evidence. A judge clears Taggart as having shot Tavarez in self-defense. In a private meeting with Taggart, the mayorcalls him "a hero", but still forces him to leave the police department. Seven years later, Taggart is living with his girlfriend Natalie Barrow (Natalie Martinez), an aspiring actress. His private detective business is on the verge of bankruptcy when Mayor Hostetler hires him to investigate his wife, Cathleen Hostetler (Catherine Zeta-Jones), whom he suspects is having an affair. With his assistant Katy Bradshaw (Alona Tal), Taggart learns that Cathleen is visiting Paul Andrews (Kyle Chandler), campaign manager of Jack Valliant (Barry Pepper), Hostetler's rival in the upcoming elections, At a fundraiser for Hostetler's campaign, Cathleen reveals to Taggart thatshe knows he has been following her and advises him not to trust her husband. Taggart gives the mayor photos of Cathleen meeting with Andrews. At the debut screening of Natalie’s film, she reveals that her real name is Natalia Barea and that Yesenia was her sister. Taggart is shocked at Natalie's sex scene and strongly disapproves. Consumed with guilt over working for Hostetler, Taggart drinks regularly, and argues with Natalie, and she breaks off the relationship. Taggart gets drunk, brawling with strangers in the street. He receives a phone call from Katy and rushes to a crime scene tolearn that Andrews has been found murdered. Taggart tells Chief Fairbanks of his work for the mayor. They learn that Valliant was in Andrews' apartment. Valliant reveals that Andrews was scheduled to meet Todd Lancaster (James Ransone), the son of Hostetler's wealthy benefactor, contractor Sam Lancaster (Griffin Dunne). A furious Cathleen tells Taggart that Andrews was a close friend, not her lover, and had promised her information about Hostetler's plans for the Bolton Village Housing Project, expected to enrich both Sam Lancaster and the mayor. Hostetler wanted to discover Cathleen's source, so he manipulated Taggart into tracking her. Taggart decidesTaggart confronts Mayor Hostetler, who is unfazed, and reveals a video showing Taggart murdering Tavarez in cold blood. Taggart records their conversation of the mayor admitting to his own corrupt dealings. Despite the risk of further prosecution for Taverez’s murder, Taggart turns the recording over to Fairbanks. While Hostetler is at home celebrating a successful debate, Fairbanks arrives to arrest him, and tells the mayor that he was having an affair with Cathleen. In the film's final scene, Taggart meets Fairbanks at a bar, and they toast to Valliant, who has won the election. Katy comes in to say goodbyebefore the two men leave the bar. Cast Production Broken City was directed by Allen Hughes and written by Brian Tucker. In May 2008, Mandate Pictures bought Tucker's unsolicited screenplay intending to hire a director and cast to film later in the year. In the following July, Mandate entered a deal with the production company Mr. Mudd to jointly produce one film per year, the first being Broken City. The companies aimed to hire the cast and crew by late 2008. Production did not commence as planned, and the project remained in an incomplete state of development. It became partof the film industry's 2008 black list of "best, albeit unproduced, screenplays." In June 2011, Emmett/Furla Films began development of Broken City with an anticipated budget of . Allen Hughes was attached to direct. By the following October, Regency Enterprises joined the project to co-finance with Emmett/Furla Films. Variety reported that Regency founder Arnon Milchan wanted to produce "edgier fare" like it previously did with the 1990s films Heat and L.A. Confidential. This would be Hughes' first feature film directing effort without his twin brother Albert. (Allen also directed the TV movie Knights of the South Bronx (2005) and afew episodes of the American version of the TV series Touching Evil.) Hughes said about working on his own, "The issue is learning that you're going to be in a room sometimes, and there's going to be eight guys assaulting you, creatively. Back in the day, when it was me and him, they could have had 15 people in the room, and they were all getting laid out." He met Tucker in 2010 at the Palm restaurant in West Hollywood, where he learned about the screenwriter's Broken City. With a production budget of , shooting began in New York Cityin November 2011. Filming also took place in the Carrollton neighborhood of New Orleans and in other parts of Louisiana. Release Broken City was released in in the United States and Canada on , 2013. The film competed with fellow openers Mama and The Last Stand, as well as Silver Linings Playbook in its widening release. The Los Angeles Times said the film drew "the most interest from older audiences". Prior to Broken Citys release, Variety reported that the film was estimated to have "a low to mid-teens opening" weekend. It grossed on Friday through Sunday, ranking fifth. It grossedthrough the holiday (Martin Luther King, Jr. Day) on Monday. Broken City grossed in the United States and Canada. Home media Broken City was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 30, 2013. Critical reception The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 29%, based on 150 reviews, with an average rating of 4.66/10. The site's consensus reads, "Broken City'''s thinly sketched, formulaic script offers meager rewards for all but the least demanding noir aficionados." Metacritic gives the film a score of 49 out of 100,based on 38 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Emily Helwig wrote for The Hollywood Reporter, critics "have been less than thrilled" with Broken City. "While many praise the talented cast and others enjoyed the cinematography, some critics add that Brian Tucker's screenplay might have been the problem and that it may have been a better story told as a period piece." Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune'' praises the cinematography of Ben Seresin, describing it as having an "autumnal glow", but criticizes the "coincidence and improbability" of the script, which lets down the able cast. Richard Roeper gave it3 out of 4 stars, criticizing the script but saying, "It's pretty trashy and sometimes stupid. But there was never a moment when I wasn't entertained on one level or another." See also List of films featuring fictional films References External links Category:2013 films Category:2010s crime drama films Category:2010s crime thriller films Category:2010s political thriller films Category:2010s thriller drama films Category:20th Century Fox films Category:American crime drama films Category:American crime thriller films Category:American detective films Category:American films Category:American political thriller films Category:American thriller drama films Category:English-language films Category:Films about elections Category:Films directed by the Hughes brothers Category:Films produced by Mark ### Assistant:
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### User: are also all kinds of stews known as guisos or estofados, arroces (rice dishes such as paella), and fabada (Asturian bean stew). All of the guisos and traditional pucheros (stews) are also of Spanish origin. Uruguayan preparations of fish, such as dried salt cod (bacalao), calamari, and octopus, originate from the Basque and Galician regions, and also Portugal. Due to its strong Italian tradition, all of the famous Italian pasta dishes are present in Uruguay including ravioli, lasagne, tortellini, fettuccine, and the traditional gnocchi. Although the pasta can be served with many sauces, there is one special sauce that wasand carpinchos. Regional fruits like butia and pitanga are commonly used for flavoring caña, along with quinotos and nísperos. Although Uruguay has exuberant flora and fauna, with the exception of yerba mate, the rest of it is mostly still unused. Uruguayan food always comes with fresh bread; bizcochos and tortas fritas are a must for drinking mate ('tomar el mate'). Mate is the national drink. The dried leaves and twigs of the yerba mate plant (Ilex paraguariensis) are placed in a small cup. Hot water is then poured into a gourd just below the boiling point, to avoid burning theherb and spoiling the flavor. The drink is sipped through a metal or reed straw, known as a bombilla. Wine is also a popular drink. Other spirits consumed in Uruguay are caña, grappa, lemon-infused grappa, and grappamiel (a grappa honey liquour). Grappamiel is very popular in rural areas, and is often consumed in the cold autumn and winter mornings to warm up the body. Popular sweets are membrillo quince jam and dulce de leche, which is made from carmelized milk. A sweet paste, dulce de leche, is used to fill cookies, cakes, pancakes, milhojas, and alfajores. The alfajores are shortbreadstarted in Argentina or Uruguay. Sliced pizza is often served along with fainá, made with chickpea flour and baked like pizza. For example, it is common for pasta to be eaten with white bread ("French bread"), which is unusual in Italy. This can be explained by the low cost of bread, and that Uruguayan pasta tends to come together with a large amount of tuco sauce (Italian: suco - juice), and accompanied by estofado (stew). Less commonly, pastas are eaten with a sauce of pesto, a green sauce made with basil, or salsa blanca (Béchamel sauce). During the 20th century,people in pizzerias in Montevideo commonly ordered a "combo" of moscato, which is a large glass of a sweet wine called (muscat), plus two stacked pieces (the lower one being pizza and the upper one fainá). Despite both pizza and faina being Italian in origin, they are never served together in Italy. Polenta comes from Northern Italy and is very common throughout Uruguay. Unlike Italy, this cornmeal is eaten as a main dish, with sauce and melted cheese. History The current roots of Uruguayan cuisine can be traced back to a subsistence economy adopted by gauchos, and sustained on subsistenceagriculture implanted by the Spanish and Criollos at the start of European colonization. The native peoples did not stay in one place, and Uruguay was used as a remote port, with few incursions for treasure hunting. The only permanent establishment at the time was constituted by Franciscan friars and was located in a territory now belonging to Brazil called Misiones, because their mission there was to Christianize the native peoples. The tradition of mate started during this time, with the monks brewing a beverage with the leaves of yerba mate that the Guarani people used to chew. Cattle was laterof the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century when the first families came mostly from Italy and Spain. Immigration increased following World War I and World War II, when people from all over Europe and the Middle East came to Uruguay, including people from Germany, Russia, Italy, and Armenia. Such immigration enriched the importation of dishes, as there is now pasta, Russian salad and innumerable types of pastries from France and Germany, resulting in chajá and alfajores. Butter was not widely used until the 1950s, where beforehand the common fat substance came from cattle and not fromthis category, the most typical or autochthonous is the picada, probably descending from the Spanish tapas, and as for everyday food there are also matambre relleno and lengua a la vinagreta. Aperitif Common spirits produced in Uruguay include grappa and caña; grappa is considered an excellent apéritif, and caña is considered a liqueur. Liquor made with caña has good digestive qualities and is mainly consumed as a drink and not as an aperitif. Apéritifs such as martini, vermouth, whisky, medio y medio (half and half) and also uvita, sangria and wine are popular. Medio y medio is a special blendUruguay as in Argentina. It is one of two dishes prepared from matambre, a meat cut that is a flank steak. It is prepared as luncheon meat by rolling thin slices over spinach, carrots and boiled eggs, tied up and sewn with a strong string, boiled and later pressed and consumed cold. Lengua a la vinagreta Lengua a la vinagreta (Spanish for tongue with vinaigrette) is a cold preparation of beef tongue that is previously peeled and boiled and served with a vinagreta sauce made with chopped boiled eggs, parsley, garlic, onions, olive oil, and vinegar. Pescado en escabeche Escabecheadded to asado during the cooking process and optionally on the dish. Mojo differs from chimichurri in that it has water besides vinegar and less paprika. Chimichurri Chimichurri is between a vinaigrette and a pesto variant, made with chopped garlic, oregano, paprika, oil, vinegar, and salt. Along with salsa criolla it is preferred for asado. Salsa criolla Made with finely chopped tomatoes and onions, oil and salt, salsa criolla is used for garment of asado, choripan and sometimes panchos. Salsa golf Invented in Argentina but also consumed in Uruguay, salsa golf is made from mayonnaise and ketchup. Mostaza La pasivaLa Pasiva is a famous chain of restaurants in Uruguay, dedicated to fast food or minutas, as known in the region. Their specialties are panchos and hungaras and they are renowned for their chivito. Moustard La pasiva is a white-colored hot mustard served along with panchos. It is made with beer, starch, mustard grains, pepper, salt and vinegar. Though it has never been sold commercially, small quantities are sometimes given as a gift for clients. Mostaza La pasiva is also used among other mustards as a sauce for puchero meat. Salsa Carusso, estofado and tuco All three are necessary pastacone region; most variants as in the Chilean salad always include onion and lettuce. The salad common to Uruguay contains tomato along with lettuce and onion and is served with a single vinaigrette made of oil, vinegar, salt, garlic, and oregano. As it is a basic form of salad, it is an ideal accompaniment for asado. Ensalada rusa More similar to the polish sałatka jarzynowa than the typical olivier salad, it contains potatoes, carrots, and peas with mayonnaise. Ensalada de papa y huevo This is a potato and egg salad or onion and potato salad or simply potato mayonnaise andbiscochos. It is so important that the act of drinking mate is a ritual of friendship between those involved. Even carrying a thermos of hot water facilitates this practice and on hot summer days it is still said to be refreshing. Uruguay is the first global consumer of mate, with a consumption of 6.8 kilograms of yerba mate per capita a year, surpassing Argentina by 1.2 kilograms per capita at year. Yerba mate also is consumed as mate cocido. When it is prepared with milk it is called mate de leche and milk is added, it is called mate coninvasion of Uruguay. Puchero From Spanish tradition puchero, Uruguayan puchero differs not much from others of the region, it is like a rough soup where dry ingredients are separated from the broth after cooked to make two separate preparations, a new soup that is first consumed, and later the soup all the other succulent ingredients are consumed with bread. A typical puchero may contain all type of cuts with bones, skirt steak, ossobucco, bacon, cabbage, sweet corn, rape, onions, celery, carrot, sweet potato, squash, and potatoes. All these ingredients cut in big pieces are cooked and served, with the brothpopular all over Brazil, feijoada also is popular in Uruguay (though not in Argentina). Consumed not only on the northeast but also all along with the country, it is a black bean stew that, unlike the Brazilian feijoada, comes with potatoes (besides bananas and fariña), and made with beef more often than pork. It is also common to find chorizo and chorizo Colorado in Uruguayan feijoada. Bacalao Bacalao is a dry fish stew made from dried and salted cod, chickpeas, onions, potatoes, tomato sauce, and parsley, it is usually consumed on Uruguay over Easter, as it is a Spanish catholicla marinera Often served on portuary sides of the country, pescado a la marinera battered fish fry that it is commonly served sided with lemon slices. Battering is made from beer (preferably from brand Patricia), flour and salt. Panchos Hot dogs are referred to as panchos, coming in two sizes: cortos (short ones) and largos (longer ones). La Pasiva is a restaurant chain in Uruguay that specializes in serving panchos and with time, was renowned by its La Pasiva moustard sauce for panchos that comes among every pancho order and also serves local specialities as panchos con panceta (panchos withbacon) and panchos porteños. Panchos con panceta. Grilled frankfurter that is previously wrapped on a spiral with sliced bacon and served on bread. Panchos porteños. frankfurter wrapped with mozzarella cheese and served on bread. Croquetas Croquetas are croquettes made with potato and ham, rice and ham, béchamel and ham. Empanadas Empanadas are a kind of pastry that originated in Spain. In Uruguay, empanadas are more commonly baked and usually include a filling of choice. Empanadas de carne are filled with ground meat, chopped boiled eggs, garlic and onions, Empanadas de carne may also be "dulces" (sweet, filled with raisins) orPorteño is called after the eponym of the inhabitants of Buenos Aires and is similar to Felipe but with a smaller crumb. Marsellés Marsellés is named after the city of Marseille and resembles a pair of twin Vienna bread with harder crust and covered with maize flour. Pan de sándwich Pan de sándwich is a soft crumb mold bread specially made for making sandwiches. Sandwiches There is a wide variety of sandwiches in Uruguay which are locally classified into two types called refuerzo (reinforcement) and sándwich (sandwich) respectively. Sandwiches in Rio de la Plata are particular and different of thoseChivito meaning literally small goat is a popular type of sandwich originated in Uruguay, its name comes from an unaccomplished desire from a client that literally wanted a beef of small goat or a chivito, being that goat is not consumed in Uruguay client had to be satisfied anyway with this now popular dish.. Hence a thin slice of filet mignon substituted the beef of small goat, nowadays it is uncertain if bacon, mozzarella, ham, onion, Hard-cooked eggs, tomato slices, mayonnaise, olives and bread really complement the goat flavour. Variants from chivito are, as milanesa en dos panes, chivito endos panes, chivito canadiense (added with Canadian bacon), chivito canadiense al plato and chivito al plato (platted chivito). A complete chivito is served with french fries and when is dished is also sided with ensalada rusa and ensalada criolla. Choripán Choripán, Spanish portmanteu for sausage (chorizo) and bread (pan) also called chorizo al pan (sausage on bread), is a sandwich made with barbecued chorizo (that is sliced in half to fit), mayonnaise, ketchup, tomato, lettuce, onions, etc. Sándwich Olímpico Sándwich Olímpico (Olympic sandwich) is a very popular sandwich in Uruguay made with three slices of pan de sándwich filled withham, cheese, olives tomato and lettuce. Sándwich caliente Sándwich caliente (hot sandwich) or "tostado" (toasted) as it is called in Argentina is a variant of the croqué monsier made with two slices of pan de sánguche filled ham and cheese and toasted. Jesuitas Jesuitas are made with two layers of puff pastry filled with ham and cheese and covered with fondant icing. Confectioneries for mate Tortas fritas Tortas fritas (fried cakes) are a simple pastry, typical from Argentina and Uruguay and which has many variants along South America. The recipe for the sopaipilla, from which it descends, is argued tobe from what is now Germany but they were introduced to Spain by the Arabs at the times of the invasion. Specifically Tortas fritas are leaveaned fried thin round pieces of bread but the aspects that describe them best is the flourishing with sugar, its distinctive hole in the center and the use of cow fat, both for frying and for making the batter. Within Uruguayan folklore is stated that tortas fritas are better if made and eaten on rainy days. Bizcochos Uruguayan bizcochos are small pastries different from the Spaniard spounge cake of the same name that in Uruguayis called bizcochuelo. Bizcochos are consumed with mate, coffee and tea, they are the more common pastry of Uruguay, and commonly sold on local bakeries. Bizcochos come in various kinds, like corazanes, margaritas and pan con grasa. Pasteles Pasteles (pastries) are triangular-shaped empanadas that are made from a batter identical to such of tortas fritas with the addition of being puffed using cow fat. As tortas fritas they are also flourished with sugar after frying. Pasteles are filled only with quince jam or dulce de leche. Tortas fritas and pasteles are commonly sold on streets. Alfajores Alfajores consist of two ### Assistant:
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### User: A Gentleman's Guide to Graceful Living is Michael Dahlie's debut novel. Plot introduction The book is about a man, named Arthur Camden, who is the great-grandson of the owner of a club which is named Maidenhead Grange. The club is a beloved Catskills fly-fishing lounge. The lounge is home to the Hanover Street Fly Casters, a group that was founded in 1878 by 12 Manhattan financiers. Arther burns Maidenhead Grange to the ground. He didn't burn down the club on purpose, he did it by accident. Arthur has also destroyed his marriage and an import-export business that is owned byArthur. Yet at the end of these understated adventures he seems to have come a long way, even if he is merely stepping out of the confines of a New Yorker cartoon and into the real world. And the next time he packs a suitcase, figuratively speaking, there’ll be something to put inside." The author of The Writing On The Wall, Lynne Sharon Schwartz, reviewed the book saying "Michael Dahlie's unusual and wonderful new novel, A Gentleman’s Guide to Graceful Living, is a tour de force that manages to combine mellow wisdom with wicked cleverness. The tragicomic adventures of his ### Assistant:
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### User: Globus Medical is a publicly traded medical device company headquartered in Audubon, Pennsylvania. Globus is focused on the design, development, and commercialization of products that enable surgeons to promote healing in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Products The company classifies its products into two categories: Innovative Spine and Disruptive Technologies. The Innovative Spine products are implants used in cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, interbody, and corpectomy spinal fusion procedures to treat degenerative, deformity, tumor, and trauma conditions. The Disruptive Technologies family contains their orthopedic trauma division, biomaterials and their surgical robotic solutions. Globus makes the ExcelsiusGPS robotic system for spine surgery. The ### Assistant:
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### User: is another report giving the year of foundation as 1998. The main objective of the GSPC, like the GIA, was to establish an Islamic state in Algeria, rejecting the current secular government. The GSPC was mainly active in the east of the country, notably in the forests of western Kabylie such as Mizrana, Boumehni, Sidi Ali Bounab, and Takhoukht. The GSPC soon eclipsed the GIA as the latter was torn apart by internal purges and army victories. Hattab lost his leadership position and on 23 October 2003, Nabil Sahraoui took over the group. This was as a result of Hattab'stheir fight. Surrender On 22 March 2007, Agence France Presse reported that Hassan Hattab was under a death sentence in Algeria. On 5 October 2007, then-Algerian minister of interior Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni confirmed that Hattab had surrendered on 22 September. However, Hattab did not attend the court. In March 2011, the justice minister Tayeb Belaiz stated that Hassan Hattab had been put in a safe place, whereas Abderezzak El Para had been imprisoned. References Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:Algerian al-Qaeda members Category:People from Rouïba Category:Islam in Algeria Category:Leaders of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb Category:Armed Islamic Group of Algeria members ### Assistant:
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### User: For the distinctive type of paneling from New Zealand, see Tukutuku The harlequin gecko (Tukutuku rakiurae, formerly Hoplodactylus rakiurae) is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Diplodactylidae. The species is endemic to Stewart Island/Rakiura in the far south of New Zealand, where it was discovered in 1969. In terms of distribution it is one of the southernmost gecko species in the world. Etymology The generic name, Tukutuku, refers to the Māori ornamental lattice work called Tukutuku, which the dorsal pattern of this species resembles. The specific name, rakiurae, refers to Rakiura, the Maori name for Stewart Island. ### Assistant:
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### User: The Coastal Bend Aviators were a minor league baseball team which played in Robstown, Texas, in the United States from 2003 to 2007. They were a member of the Central Baseball League, then the American Association and were not affiliated with any Major League Baseball team. The team played at Aviators Stadium. References aabfan.com - yearly league standings & awards External links aabfan.com Coastal Bend Aviators Guide Category:Defunct American Association of Independent Professional Baseball teams Category:Defunct baseball teams in Texas Category:2003 establishments in Texas Category:Baseball teams established in 2003 Category:2007 disestablishments in Texas Category:Sports clubs disestablished in 2007 Category:Nueces County, ### Assistant:
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### User: Howard K. "Butch" Komives ( ; May 9, 1941 – March 22, 2009) was an American professional basketball player who spent ten seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the New York Knicks, Detroit Pistons, Buffalo Braves and Kansas City-Omaha Kings. Born in Toledo, Ohio, he graduated from Woodward High School (Toledo) in 1960. College career Komives played college basketball at Bowling Green State University (BGSU), where he led the team in scoring in each of his three varsity seasons. As a starting shooting guard, he teamed with Nate Thurmond, the school's all-time leading rebounder, to lead the Falconsto back-to-back Mid-American Conference (MAC) championships and NCAA tournament appearances in 1962 and 1963. Despite Thurmond's graduation and the team's fall to third place in the conference, Komives led the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in scoring during the 1963–64 season with 36.7 points per game, still BGSU and MAC records. Even though he no longer is the school's all-time leading scorer (his 1,834 total points is currently third), his 25.8 scoring average is still a Falcons record. He was inducted into the BGSU Athletics Hall of Fame in 1970. His son Shane was a four-year basketball letterman at thesame school from 1993 to 1996. Professional career Komives was selected thirteenth overall in the second round by the New York Knicks in the 1964 NBA draft. He was named to the All-Rookie Team in 1965, after starting in every regular-season match and averaging 12.2 points per game. After the Knicks acquired Dick Barnett prior to the 1965–66 season, Komives was shifted to point guard, a position with which he struggled, drawing the wrath of Knicks fans. The most productive campaign of his professional career was in 1967, when his averages per contest were 15.7 points and 6.2 assists. Bythe time Red Holzman became the Knicks' coach midway through the 1967–68 season, Komives was involved in a personal feud with Cazzie Russell that negatively affected the rest of the team. With the emergence of Walt Frazier as the starting point guard, Komives was traded along with Walt Bellamy to the Pistons for Dave DeBusschere on December 19, 1968. This was what Komives is most remembered for, but only because DeBusschere was the last major addition to the Knicks before it won its first NBA Championship in 1970. In 2007, Komives was inducted into the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame.Komives died at University of Toledo Medical Center on March 22, 2009 at age 67. His wife Marcia had found him unconscious and unresponsive in their home three days earlier. References External links Howard Komives bio and stats at Hoops Analyst website Howard Komives NBA career stats Howard Komives biography at Ohio Hoop Zone website "Howard 'Butch' Komives, 1941–2009: Woodward basketball star excelled for BGSU," The Blade (Toledo, Ohio), Monday, March 23, 2009. Hackenberg, Dave. "Komives was Woodward, BGSU basketball legend," The Blade (Toledo, Ohio), Monday, March 23, 2009. "Falcon cage standout Komives died in Toledo," Sentinel-Tribune (Bowling Green, Ohio), ### Assistant:
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### User: Deborah Dir is an American film and stage actress. __toc__ Background Deborah was born in Santa Rosa, California to Italian, Irish-American parents. She is the niece of legendary singer songwriter, guitarist Brian Marnell, known for his innovative Rock New Wave sound with San Francisco, Bay Area SVT (band) with Jack Casady and his collaboration with Jim Carroll, The Basketball Diaries. Deborah's training first started at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts and went on to audition and successfully achieve a lifetime membership at The Actors Studio. There, she met and studied under acting coach Joanne Linville, a protègè of Stella ### Assistant:
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### User: Veliko Središte () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Vršac municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. Demography The village has a Serb ethnic majority (77.91%) and its population numbering 1,269 people (2011 census). There is a sizable number of ethnic Hungarians (7.38%), Czechs (4.25%), Romanians (2.38%) and other minorities as well as ethnically mixed families which is not uncommon in Vojvodina. Name In Serbian, the village is known as Veliko Središte (Велико Средиште), in Hungarian as Nagyszered, in Romanian as Srediștea Mare, and in German as Groß-Sredischte. Historical population 1961: 2,120 1971: 1,815 1981: ### Assistant:
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### User: Big, Bigger, Biggest is a British documentary television series which began airing in 2008. A total of 20 episodes have been produced across three series. Format Each episode explores the engineering breakthroughs that have made it possible to develop the largest structures of today. Episodes describe the landmark inventions that have enabled the engineers of today to construct the world's biggest structures, including computer generated imagery. The imagery shows the size of the object in meters, the various designs that were considered, and what might have happened if the engineers had made a mistake, complete with animated figures running in ### Assistant:
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### User: Giovanni Giacomo Gastoldi (ca. 1554 – 4 January 1609), was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. He is known for his 1591 publication of balletti for five voices. Career Gastoldi was born at Caravaggio, Lombardy. In 1592 he succeeded Giaches de Wert as choirmaster at Santa Barbara's, Mantua, and served until 1605 under the Dukes Guglielmo and Vincenzo Gonzaga. According to Filippo Lomazzo, Gastoldi became choirmaster at the Duomo, Milan, afterwards, but other considerations seem to make this point doubtful. Works Gastoldi composed several madrigals, a variety of sacred vocal music, and a few instrumental ### Assistant:
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### User: Erg Chebbi () is one of Morocco's several ergs – large seas of dunes formed by wind-blown sand. There are several other ergs such as Erg Chigaga near M'hamid. Technically all these ergs are within an area of semi-arid Pre-Saharan Steppes and not part of the Sahara desert which lies some distance to the south. Description In places, the dunes of Erg Chebbi rise up to 150 meters from the surrounding hamada (rocky desert) and altogether it spans an area of 28 kilometers from north to south and up to 5–7 kilometers from east to west lining the Algerian border.offer camel trips into the dunes, taking tourists on overnight trips to permanent campsites several kilometres into the erg, and out of sight of the hotels. Erg Chebbi's proximity to the tourist center has led to the erg sometimes being referred to as "dunes of Merzouga." During the warmest part of the year, Moroccans come to Erg Chebbi to be buried neck-deep in the hot sand for a few minutes at a time. This is considered to be a treatment for rheumatism. Features See also Aeolian processes Blowout (geology) List of ergs References Category:Ergs of Africa Category:Landforms of Morocco Category:Deserts ### Assistant:
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### User: Monique Olivier (born 13 May 1998 in South Africa) is a national record-holding swimmer from Luxembourg. She attends the International School of Luxembourg in Luxembourg City and has swum for Luxembourg at several international competitions, including the 2013 Games of the Small States of Europe, 2014 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), and 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. As of March 2019, she holds Luxembourg records in long course (50m) 200m,400m 800m and 1500 freestyle, 200m and 400 m individual medley and 200 butterfly , 4x100 and 4x200 freestyle relay, as well as short course (25m)200m,400m,800m and 1500 freestyle, 200m and ### Assistant:
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### User: Frank Campeau (December 14, 1864 – November 5, 1943) was an American actor. He appeared in 93 films between 1911 and 1940 and made many appearances in films starring Douglas Fairbanks. On Broadway, Campeau appeared in Rio Grande (1916), Believe Me Xantippe (1913), The Ghost Breaker (1913), and The Virginian (1904). Campeau's screen debut came in the one-reel western film Kit Carson's Wooing. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, and died in the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles. Filmography Intolerance (1916) The Heart of Texas Ryan (1917) A Modern Musketeer (1917) Mr. ### Assistant:
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### User: Edward Goodall (1795 – 1870) was an English line engraver. He is now best known for his plates after J. M. W. Turner. Life He was born at Leeds on 17 September 1795, and was entirely self-taught. From the age of sixteen he practised both engraving and painting. One of his pictures exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1822 or 1823 attracted the attention of Turner, and he became a landscape engraver. Goodall died at Hampstead Road, London, on 11 April 1870. Works Goodall's major engravings were from the works of Turner. He made the vignettes for Samuel Rogers's Italyand Poems, and the illustrations to Thomas Campbell's Poems. He engraved also: A Seaport at Sunset and The Marriage Festival of Isaac and Rebecca after Claude Lorrain; a Landscape, with Cattle and Figures, after Aelbert Cuyp; and The Market Cart after Thomas Gainsborough, these three for the series of Engravings from the Pictures in the National Gallery, published by the Associated Engravers; The Ferry Boat, after Frederick Richard Lee, for William Finden's Royal Gallery of British Art; and The Castle of Ischia, after Clarkson Stanfield, for the Art Union of London. While landscape engraving was his speciality, he also executedfigure subjects, some after the paintings of his son Frederick Goodall. Among those were The Angel's Whisper and The Soldier's Dream, The Piper (engraved for the Art Union of London), Cranmer at the Traitor's Gate, and The Happy Days of Charles the First, all after Frederick Goodall; and The Chalk Waggoner after Rosa Bonheur. He engraved some plates for The Amulet, and for The Art Journal. Family Goodall left three sons, Frederick Goodall, Edward Angelo Goodall, and Walter Goodall, all members of the Royal Society of Painters in Water-Colours. His daughter, Eliza Goodall, married name Wild, exhibited at the Royal ### Assistant:
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### User: Ralph Chandler (23 August 1829 – 9 February 1889) was a Rear Admiral of the United States Navy. He saw action during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War, and later served as Commander of the Asiatic Squadron. Biography Chandler was born in Batavia, New York, the son of Daniel Chandler, a lawyer. He joined the Navy as midshipman on 17 September 1845, and was sent to the Naval Academy. After graduation he was assigned to the razee , flagship of the Pacific Squadron. He took part in Pacific-coast operations of the Mexican–American War, being in two engagements nearNavy Yard in 1868. The next year Chandler commanded the steamer . He was promoted to Captain in 1874, and then to Commodore in 1884, serving as Commandant of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. On 6 October 1886, Chandler was commissioned as Rear-Admiral and was ordered to relieve Rear-Admiral John L. Davis in command of the Asiatic Squadron. He died in Hong Kong of apoplexy in February 1889, and is buried in Hong Kong Cemetery. He was married to Cornelia Redfield, with whom he had five children, three girls and two boys. See also References Category:1829 births Category:1889 deaths Category:United States ### Assistant:
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### User: Steven Alfonso Del Duca (born July 7, 1973) is a Canadian politician who is the current leader of the Ontario Liberal Party, serving since March 7, 2020. He previously served as the Ontario Minister of Transportation and Minister of Economic Growth and Development in the cabinet of Premier Kathleen Wynne. He was also the Liberal Ontario MPP for Vaughan from 2012 to 2018. Early life Del Duca's father is Italian and his mother is Scottish. His paternal grandfather immigrated to Canada from Italy in 1951. Del Duca received a Bachelor of Laws degree from Osgoode Hall Law School but hasnot been called to the bar. He was director of public affairs for the Carpenters’ District Council of Ontario, during which he declared support of Israel to be a "progressive" position. Previously, he was an aide to Dalton McGuinty when McGuinty was leader of the opposition. He lives with his wife, Utilia Amaral, and their two daughters, in Woodbridge, Ontario. Del Duca's younger brother, Michael, was killed in a car crash in June 2018. Provincial politics In 2012 he ran as the Liberal candidate in the riding of Vaughan. A by-election was called to replace Greg Sorbara who retired earlierstation as part of the SmartTrack project. Metrolinx reports stated that the Kirby station would have a negative effect on overall ridership on the line. Del Duca was nominated as the Ontario Liberal Party candidate to be put forward for the riding of Vaughan–Woodbridge. On June 7, 2018, Del Duca ran for the Ontario Liberal Party in the Ontario provincial election for Vaughan–Woodbridge, and lost to PC Candidate Michael Tibollo. Del Duca was amongst a wave of Ontario Liberal Party MPPs who lost their seat during that election, removing the Liberal Party from government and relegating them to the thirdparty in Ontario's legislature. On April 3, 2019, Del Duca announced that he would enter the 2020 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election. On March 7, 2020, he won the election with 58.8% of the ballot vote, having received 1,258 delegate votes. Municipal politics Weeks after losing his provincial seat, it was reported that Del Duca would be running to be Chair of York Region in the October 22, 2018 municipal election, but owing to the provincial government's passing of the Better Local Government Act, there was no election for the post. Electoral record References External links Category:1973 births Category:21st-century Canadian ### Assistant:
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### User: Helén Eriksen (born 19 October 1971 in Dale, Norway) is a Norwegian Jazz musician (saxophone and vocals), songwriter and music arranger. Career In the period 1993 to 1995 she was a member of the Bergen-based pop group Animal Farm. In 1996 she released her first solo album Standards on the jazz record label Blue Note Records. The album was produced by hip-hop producer Tommy Tee and gave her the award as newcomer at Spellemannprisen 1996. Also her next album was released on Blue Note and produced by Tommy Tee, until in 2000 she released the album City Dust on theNorwegian label Curling Legs. City Dust was recorded with Jørgen Træen as producer and was a cleaner jazz album than her first and second. Her fourth album, Small Hall Classic, was released in 2006 with produced by Kato Ådland and Hans Petter Gundersen as producers, also known as "The Sensible Twins". She is the first and only Norwegian artist that have released two albums on Blue Note Records. Eriksen has created her own distinctive style, and has participated as a guest artist on numerous albums, for artists like DumDum Boys, Pogo Pops, Sondre Lerche, Tommy Tee, Son of Light, andBLee. She collaborated in 1999 with jazz legend and saxophonist Alf Kjellman. Honors 1996: Spellemannprisen in the class Newcomer for the album Standards Discography (in selection) Solo albums 1996: Standards (Blue Note) 1998: Lovevirgin (Blue Note) 2000: City Dust (Curling Legs) 2006: Small Hall Classic (New Records) Collaborations Within Disorient 1996: Terra Morte (Shrike Records) With DumDum Boys, 1998: Totem (Oh Yeah!) With Sondre Lerche 2001: Faces Down (Virgin Records) Within The Brimstone Solar Radiation Band 2009: Smorgasbord (Tinnitus Recordings) References External links Helén Eriksen Biography on the Norwegian pop and rock lexicon New Voices, New Directions on Discogs.com Helén ### Assistant:
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### User: Raise Your Hands is a live album by the German band Reamonn. It was released on 10 September 2004. The album was published in 2004 by Virgin Music Germany. All tracks were written by Rea Garvey, Mike Gommeringer, Uwe Bossert, Philipp Rauenbush and Sebastian Padotzke. The track with the most international success was "Star". DVD Following the release of the album, a two-disc live DVD was released on 22 October 2004. Track listing "Stripped" — 3:27 "Swim" — 5:15 "Star" — 5:30 "Strong" — 5:09 "Supergirl" — 4:09 "Place of No Return (In Zaire)" — 4:37 "Promised Land" — 5:29 ### Assistant:
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### User: Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (born 22 December 1962) is an English actor, film producer, and director. A Shakespeare interpreter, he first achieved success onstage at the Royal National Theatre. Fiennes's portrayal of Nazi war criminal Amon Göth in Schindler's List (1993) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, and he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His performance as Count Almásy in The English Patient (1996) garnered him a second Academy Award nomination, for Best Actor, as well as BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations.Fiennes has appeared in a number of notable films, including Quiz Show (1994), Strange Days (1995), The End of the Affair (1999), Red Dragon (2002), Maid in Manhattan (2002), The Constant Gardener (2005), In Bruges (2008), The Reader (2008), Clash of the Titans (2010), Great Expectations (2012) and The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014). He voiced Rameses in The Prince of Egypt (1998), Lord Victor Quartermaine in Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) and Alfred Pennyworth in The Lego Batman Movie (2017). Fiennes is also known for his roles in major film franchises such as the Harry Potterfilm series (2005–2011), in which he played the franchise's main antagonist, Lord Voldemort. Fiennes also starred in the James Bond series, in which he has played Gareth Mallory / M, starting with the 2012 film Skyfall. In 2011, Fiennes made his directorial debut with his film adaptation of Shakespeare's tragedy Coriolanus, in which he also played the title character. In 1995, he won a Tony Award for playing Prince Hamlet on Broadway. Since 1999, Fiennes has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK. Fiennes is also an Honorary Associate of London Film School. For his work behind the camera, in2019 he received the Stanislavsky Award. Early life and family Fiennes was born in Ipswich, England, on 22 December 1962. He is the eldest child of Mark Fiennes (1933–2004), a farmer and photographer, and Jennifer Lash (1938–1993), a writer. He has English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry. His surname is of Norman origin. Because his given name is pronounced , it is sometimes seen (incorrectly) spelt as Rafe or Raiph. His grandfathers were industrialist Sir Maurice Fiennes (1907–1994) and Brigadier Henry Alleyne Lash (1901–1975). Fiennes is an eighth cousin of Charles, Prince of Wales, and a third cousin of adventurer RanulphFiennes and author William Fiennes. He is the eldest of six children. His siblings are actor Joseph Fiennes; Martha Fiennes, a director (in her film Onegin, he played the title role); Magnus Fiennes, a composer; Sophie Fiennes, a filmmaker; and Jacob Fiennes, a conservationist. His foster brother, Michael Emery, is an archaeologist. His nephew, Hero Fiennes-Tiffin, played Tom Riddle, young Lord Voldemort, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The Fiennes family moved to Ireland in 1973, living in West Cork and County Kilkenny for some years. Fiennes was educated at St Kieran's College for one year, followed by NewtownSchool, a Quaker independent school in County Waterford. They moved to Salisbury in England, where Fiennes finished his schooling at Bishop Wordsworth's School. He went on to pursue painting at Chelsea College of Art before deciding that acting was his true passion. Career Fiennes trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art between 1983 and 1985. He began his career at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park and also at the National Theatre before achieving prominence at the Royal Shakespeare Company. Fiennes first worked on screen in 1990 and made his film debut in 1992 as Heathcliff in Emily Brontë'sWuthering Heights opposite Juliette Binoche. 1993 was his "breakout year". He had a major role in Peter Greenaway's film The Baby of Mâcon with Julia Ormond, which provoked controversy and was poorly received. Later that year, he became known internationally for portraying the amoral Nazi concentration camp commandant Amon Göth in Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List. For this, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He did not win the Oscar, but did win the Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award for the role. His portrayal of Göth also earned him a spot on the American Film Institute'slist of Top 50 Film Villains. Fiennes gained weight to represent Göth, but shed it afterwards. Fiennes later stated that playing the role had a profoundly disturbing effect on him. In a subsequent interview, Fiennes recalled: Evil is cumulative. It happens. People believe that they've got to do a job, they've got to take on an ideology, that they've got a life to lead; they've got to survive, a job to do, it's every day inch by inch, little compromises, little ways of telling yourself this is how you should lead your life and suddenly then these things can happen.I mean, I could make a judgment myself privately, this is a terrible, evil, horrific man. But the job was to portray the man, the human being. There’s a sort of banality, that everydayness, that I think was important. And it was in the screenplay. In fact, one of the first scenes with Oskar Schindler, with Liam Neeson, was a scene where I'm saying, "You don't understand how hard it is, I have to order so many-so many meters of barbed wire and so many fencing posts and I have to get so many people from A to B." And,you know, he's sort of letting off steam about the difficulties of the job. In 1994, he portrayed American academic Charles Van Doren in Quiz Show. In 1996, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the epic World War II romance The English Patient, in which he starred with Kristin Scott-Thomas. Fiennes' film work has encompassed a variety of genres, including thrillers (Spider), an animated Biblical epic (The Prince of Egypt), camp nostalgia (The Avengers), romantic comedy (Maid in Manhattan), and historical drama (Sunshine). In 1999, Fiennes had the title role in Onegin, a film whichhe also helped produce. His sister Martha Fiennes directed, and brother Magnus composed the score. Fiennes portrayed Francis Dolarhyde in the 2002 film, Red Dragon, a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal. Fiennes’ performance as a sympathetic serial killer with a romantic relationship with a blind girl, played by Emily Watson, was praised, with film critic David Sterritt writing, “Ralph Fiennes is scarily good as [Hannibal Lecter's] fellow lunatic." The Constant Gardener was released in 2005, with Fiennes in the central role. The film is set in Kenya. It was filmed in part with the actual residentsof the slums of Kibera and Loiyangalani. The situation affected the cast and crew to such an extent that they set up the Constant Gardener Trust to provide basic education for children of these villages. Fiennes is a patron of the charity. He is also a patron of the Shakespeare Schools Festival, a charity that enables school children across the UK to perform Shakespeare in professional theatres. Fiennes voiced Lord Victor Quartermaine in the 2005 stop-motion animated comedy Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit. The role saw him play a cruel upper class bounder who courts Lady Tottington(Helena Bonham Carter) and despises Wallace and Gromit. Fiennes portrayed Lord Voldemort in the 2005 fantasy film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. He returned to the role for other films of the series: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, and both Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2. In an interview with Empire magazine, Fiennes said his portrayal of Voldemort was an "instinctive, visceral, physical thing". Fiennes' 2006 performance in the play Faith Healer gained him a nomination for a 2007 Tony Award. In 2008, he worked with frequent collaborator directorJonathan Kent, playing the title role in Oedipus the King by Sophocles, at the National Theatre in London. In 2008, he played the Duke of Devonshire in the film The Duchess; he also played the protagonist in The Reader, adapted from the novel of the same name. In February 2009, Fiennes was the special guest of the Belgrade's Film Festival FEST. He filmed his version of Shakespeare's Coriolanus in the Serbian capital of Belgrade. Fiennes reunited with Kathryn Bigelow for her Iraq War film The Hurt Locker, released in 2009, appearing as an English Private Military Contractor. They had previouslyworked together on Strange Days (1995). In April 2010, he played Hades in Clash of the Titans, a remake of the 1981 film of the same name. In 2012, he starred in the twenty-third James Bond film, Skyfall, directed by Sam Mendes. He replaced Dame Judi Dench as M in subsequent Bond films. In 2013, Fiennes was both the director and the leading actor (in the role of Charles Dickens) in the well-received film The Invisible Woman. Though he is not commonly noted as a comic actor, in 2014, Fiennes made an impression for his farcical turn as concierge MonsieurGustave in The Grand Budapest Hotel. Fiennes used his time as a young porter at London's Brown's Hotel to help construct the character. A film critic stated, "In the end it's Fiennes who makes the biggest impression. His stylised, rapid-fire delivery, dry wit and cheerful profanity keep the film bubbling along." For his performance, Fiennes was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor. Film magazine Empire ranked Fiennes' portrayal as Gustave the 17th Greatest Movie Character of All Time. In 2015, Fiennes starred in LucaGuadagnino's thriller A Bigger Splash. In 2016, Fiennes starred in the animated film Kubo and the Two Strings where he voiced Raiden the Moon King, Kubo's grandfather. In 2017 he voiced the British butler Alfred Pennyworth in The Lego Batman Movie, and reprised the role in The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019). Personal life Fiennes is a UNICEF UK ambassador and has done work in India, Kyrgyzstan, Uganda, and Romania. Fiennes is also a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism. Fiennes met English actress Alex Kingston while they were both students at the Royal Academy ofDramatic Art. After dating for ten years, they married in 1993 and divorced in 1997 following his affair with Francesca Annis. Annis and Fiennes announced their separation on 7 February 2006, after 11 years together, in a parting described as "acrimonious", following rumours that he had an affair with the Romanian singer Cornelia Crisan. On 7 September 2017, Fiennes was granted Serbian citizenship. Awarded due to his work in the country, the decision was signed by Serbian Prime Minister Ana Brnabić. Fiennes opposed the UK leaving the European Union (Brexit). Following the EU membership referendum in 2016, Fiennes stated, “I'mstrongly a remainer. I think that our connection with Europe, faulty as it may be in its current state...it seems to me that the point of the EU was to take down barriers of interactive trade, culture, talk dynamic between cultures, nations.” Fiennes has stated in an interview with the Evening Standard, 'I don't collect anything as such. I buy a lot of books and that's the closest I come to collecting anything.' Filmography Stage Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare (1985) – Role: Curio – Directed by Richard Digby Day – New Shakespeare Company – Open Air Theatre in Regent's– Gainsborough Film Studios in Shoreditch, London and BAM Harvey Theatre in Brooklyn, New York City The Play What I Wrote by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben (2001) – Role: Sir Ralph Fiennes – Directed by Kenneth Branagh – The Duo The Right Size – Wyndham's Theatre, West End The Talking Cure by Christopher Hampton (2003) – Role: Carl Jung – Directed by Howard Davies – National Theatre's Cottesloe Theatre, London Brand by Henrik Ibsen (2003) – Role: Brand – Directed by Adrian Noble – The Royal Shakespeare Company – Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon and Theatre Royal Haymarket, WestLondon National Theatre: 50 Years on Stage (2013) – Role: Lambert Le Roux (Pravda) – National Theatre, London Man and Superman by Bernard Shaw (2015) – Role: Jack Tanner – National Theatre, London The Master Builder by Henrik Ibsen (2016) – Role: Halvard Solness – Directed by Matthew Warchus – Old Vic, London Richard III by William Shakespeare (2016) – Role: Richard, Duke of Gloucester – Directed by Rupert Goold – Almeida Theatre, London Antony and Cleopatra by William Shakespeare (2018) – Role: Antony – Directed by Simon Godwin – National Theatre, London - won Best Actor at the LondonEvening Standard Theatre Awards 2018 Other projects, contributions When Love Speaks (2002, EMI Classics) – "Sonnet 129" ("Th'expense of spirit in a waste of shame") Awards and nominations References External links Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Ralph Fiennes from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum BAFTA Interview with Ralph Fiennes recorded at Latitude Festival 2011 Ralph Fiennes | Film | The Guardian Ralph Fiennes | Financial Times Ralph Fiennes at the British Film Institute Category:1962 births Category:20th-century English male actors Category:21st-century English male actors Category:Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Category:Audiobook narrators Category:Best ### Assistant:
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### User: "All Right" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Christopher Cross. It was released in January 1983 as the lead single from the album, Another Page. On the heels of his Grammy winning first album, and following his #1 hits "Sailing" and "Arthur's Theme (The Best that You Can Do)" expectations were strong enough for this first single from his second album to allow "All Right" to debut on Billboard Magazine's hot 100 at the high-position of #29. It was the fifth-highest debuting single of the 1980s ranking behind Michael Jackson's "Thriller" (No. 20), USA for Africa's "We ### Assistant:
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### User: The Overseas School of Colombo is a multinational English medium international school located in Pelawatte near Battaramulla, a suburb of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The school offers IB programs from Pre-K through to 12th grade in Sri Lanka. OSC is accredited by the Council of International Schools and the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. History Founded in 1957 as a non-profit organisation under Sri Lankan law, the school was named The Colombo School for Overseas Children. It was located at Queen's Street in Colombo Fort when the school opened on 23 September 1957. The founders were from diplomatic missions(British High Commission, Burmese High Commission and Dutch Embassy) and the business community; this still reflects the school population today. In September 1961, the school leased the premises known as "Rippleworth" at Turret Road (Dharmapala Mawatha) in Colombo 3. The younger children remained at the Fort while the older children moved to Rippleworth. In August 1963 the school in Fort had 100 children, while the school at Rippleworth, known as the Upper School, had about 72 children. In 1967 the school gained accreditation by the International Schools Association in Geneva, Switzerland. To cope with an increasing numbers of pupils, in1971 the school relocated to 51 Muttiah Road in Colombo 2 (Rivington) until finally in 1983 the school was relocated to its present address Pelawatte, Battaramulla. During the same year the school obtained accreditation by the International Baccalaureate (IB) Organisation as an IB World School offering the IB Diploma Programme. In 1982, the school changed its name to Overseas Children's School (OCS). In 1990 the school received further accreditations from ECIS (European Council of International Schools) and MSA (Middle States Association of Colleges & Schools) and over the next five years opened a gymnasium and swimming pool. As the schooldeveloped it became recognised as an Office of Overseas sponsored school and has built close ties with the US Embassy while maintaining links with the other diplomatic missions. In 1996 the school took its present name, The Overseas School of Colombo. Continuing its campus development programme, the school built a performing arts facility in 2005, renovated its primary and secondary libraries, and inaugurated a new sports facility in 2009. The Overseas School of Colombo remains Sri Lanka's oldest internationally accredited educational institution. It is the only school in Sri Lanka to offer the International Baccalaureate Programme from Pre-school to Grade12. Curriculum OSC is a full IB World school offering the IB Primary Years Programme, Middle Years Programme and Diploma Programme. Students For the 2010-11 school year, the student body numbers 410, from 40 nationalities. The largest percentage of students are Sri Lankan 19% with Americans comprising 14%, Indians 10%, British 9% and Australian 6%. The majority of the families come from foreign missions, United Nations organisations and NGOs, while the rest are mainly from the corporate sector. The average annual turnover of students is 25% due to families being transferred to other posts abroad. OSC graduates go on touniversities in the United States, England, Canada, Australia, and Sri Lanka among other countries. Student Government Association Every student at the OSC is a member of the Student Government Association (SGA) a forum for their voices. The organisation helps maintain a high level of cooperation and school spirit, extending to the Primary School also in the form of the PSGA. The SGA consists of an Executive Committee and a membership of two elected representatives from each grade level guided by a teacher supervisor. The representatives attend weekly meetings to provide feedback on students’ requirements, ideas and issues, and two SGArepresentatives also attend School Board meetings. Community Service OSC students participate in community service activities. All Secondary School students enroll in community service projects which mostly take place on Thursday afternoons. The projects range from work with sick or orphaned children, to support for street dogs through inoculations. Notable alumni Catherine Arnold – British diplomat Ezra Kire - punk rock musician Mohamed Nasheed - A former President of the Maldives References United States Department of State http://www.sundaytimes.lk/070610/Plus/pls12.html http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/05/11/fin12.asp http://www2.osc.lk/mun/about.html http://www2.osc.lk/mun/history.html http://www.srilankaecotourism.com/adamspeak.htm External links The Overseas School of Colombo Category:Educational institutions established in 1957 Category:International Baccalaureate schools in Sri Lanka Category:International ### Assistant:
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### User: Hochstetter's frog or Hochstetter's New Zealand frog (Leiopelma hochstetteri) is a primitive frog native to New Zealand, one of only four extant species belonging to the taxonomic family Leiopelmatidae. They possess some of the most ancient features of any extant frogs in the world. Taxonomy Hochstetter's frog is named after the German geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter. This species is endemic to New Zealand and belongs to the most primitive anuran suborder Archaeobatrachia, along with Archey's frog (Leiopelma archeyi), Hamilton's frog (L. hamiltoni), and the Maud Island frog (L. pakeka). Three species within the genus, L. auroraensis, L. markhami, and L.waitomoensis, are extinct. Description Hochstetter's frog has a brown-green to brown-red top with dark bands and warts, yellow-brown bellies. Males grow to and females snout–vent length. They are nocturnal, staying under refugia during the day. Hochstetter's frog prefers moist gaps under shaded debris, like rocks and logs and along streams and seepages in native temperate rainforest. They are carnivorous, preying on invertebrates such as spiders, beetles, and mites. All native New Zealand frogs (pepeketua in Maori) share tail-wagging muscles, inscriptional ribs, round pupils, and a lack of eardrums, eustachian tubes, and vocal sacs. These frogs, in some ways more similarto salamanders than modern frogs, use chemical signals over acoustic signals to mark habitat and recognize competitors. Hochstetter's frogs poor hearing is complemented by their lack of vocalization. Lifecycle Hochstetter's frogs can live to 30 years old. Adults do not breed until they are three years old, laying up to 20 eggs each season. While all four species develop as tadpoles inside the egg, hatching as froglets with developed back legs, Hochstetter's frogs, as the only semiaquatic species, continue to develop in water while the three other species are cared for by their parents. Distribution Subfossil remains indicate all nativespecies were once widespread across New Zealand until roughly 200 years ago. Hochstetter's frogs have the most extensive distribution of the native frogs, spanning the upper North Island, including the Waitākere and Hunua Ranges, the Coromandel Peninsula, Great Barrier Island, Maungatautari Ecological Island, and the East Coast. Ten populations of this species have been found to be genetically distinct, owing to the history of glacial isolation. Threats Invasive species like the rats, goats, and pigs have caused declines in the species' population. The kiore, or Polynesian rat, was brought to New Zealand by the Maori, causing extinction on the SouthIsland and large-scale destruction of populations on the North Island during the last millennium. Rats and stoats are known to kill Hochstetter's frogs. Predators known to predate other frog species in New Zealand, such as pigs, cats, hedgehogs and ferrets, are also likely to have an impact. Introduced browsers, such as goats and pigs, have been thought erode habitat along streams and reduce the amount of vegetation providing shade. Habitat modification and destruction has been paramount in reducing populations. Local mining can cause sediment runoff that reduces stream quality and can even poison frogs. Logging and the resulting forest clearingcan pose similar issues to stream quality. The global chytrid fungus epidemic has caused steep declines in Archey's frog populations and is thought to pose a threat to Hochstetter's frogs, as well. Conservation Under the New Zealand Threat Classification scheme, Hochsetter's frog is listed as “At risk–Declining” while the IUCN has classified the species as “Least Concern”. All native frogs are protected under the New Zealand Wildlife Management Act of 1953. The Kokako Management Area in the northern Hunua Ranges has been undergoing pest control since 1994 to provide suitable habitat for the conservation of kokako, an endangered forest bird. ### Assistant:
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### User: The bush vlei rat or Karoo bush rat (Myotomys unisulcatus formerly Otomys unisulcatus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Namibia and South Africa. Its natural habitat is temperate shrubland. The Karoo rat uses behavioral adaptations to cope with the dry arid climate. It is a medium-sized rodent with a dark pellage on top and lighter underneath. It has light colored feet and a dark tail. The rat may have light colored fur around its eyes and the back of its ears. Environment The Karoo bush rat can be found in the semi-deserts ofabout higher inside the nest than outside and lower during the summer than the outside temperatures. Reproduction In the family Muridae the Karoo bush rat has a strong correlation between reproduction, the abundant resources, and the occupation of the stick lodges. Myotomys unisulcatus has very rapid postnatal development and small litters of semi-precocial young. The average litter size is two to three. Weaning begins at eight days of age and reproduction can begin at six weeks for males and five weeks of age for females. Diet The Karoo bush rat is limited in diet due to its dry and arid ### Assistant:
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### User: KPEK is a commercial radio station located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, broadcasting on 100.3 FM. KPEK airs a hot adult contemporary music format branded as "The Peak". Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. (formerly Clear Channel Communications), its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is atop Sandia Crest east of the city. KPEK broadcasts in the HD Radio format. The Peak features Jackie, Tony & Donnie in the morning with local personality Ryan in middays along with Randi West, who originates at WMTX in Tampa FL., in afternoons and Haze from KMYI in San Diego CA. at night. ### Assistant:
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### User: "Badlaa" is the tenth episode of the eighth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network on . The episode was written by John Shiban and directed by Tony Wharmby. "Badlaa" is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 7.3 and was viewed by 11.8 million viewers. Overall, the episode received mostly negative reviews from critics. The series centers on FBI special agents Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) and her new partner John Doggett (Robert Patrick)—following the alien abduction of her former partner, Foxchosen to play the part of the antagonistic beggar. The episode's title means "vengeance" or "revenge" in Hindi. Plot At the Sahar International Airport in Mumbai, India, an obese American businessman dismissively makes his way past a paraplegic beggar. Later, while using the airport's toilet, the businessman is pulled out of the stall violently by the beggar that he passed earlier. Later, the businessman checks into a Washington, D.C., hotel and sits down on his bed. Soon, blood streams out of his bodily orifices. Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) arrives late to the crime scene and John Doggett (Robert Patrick) tellsup that morning. Trevor, a bully who had previously tormented Quinton, sees through the beggar's janitor guise. Trevor later goes to Quinton's home to apologize and tell him who he thinks killed his father. Scully and Doggett consult Chuck Burks, an old friend of Fox Mulder's, who tells the two that Siddhi mystics could do the things Scully described; the mystics have powers of the mind and can alter people's perceptions of reality. Scully theorizes that a mystic is seeking revenge for an American chemical plant that inadvertently released a gas cloud that killed 118 people in Vishi, outside ofbeggar and reverting him back to his true form. Two weeks later in Sahar International Airport, the beggar, unharmed, watches another obese American man pass by. Production The title of "Badlaa"—which was written by John Shiban and inspired by stories of Indian fakirs—means "to retort" or "to revenge" in Urdu. Shiban was also inspired when he wondered: "What if someone who came up to me and asked me for money was actually a bad guy?" Shiban later noted that his early drafts of the episode featured the antagonist "with no legs who can actually shrink himself and climb inside yourone episode I did not like the most [...] I think if I had done it different, I would have had John Shiban change the method of transportation. I don't think it ever worked on any level for me. It was just weird and creepy, but I think the whole idea was distasteful to me." He later bluntly concluded that "it's the only episode that I kind of wish we hadn't done." Reception "Badlaa" first aired on Fox on 21 January 2001. The episode earned a Nielsen household rating of 7.3, meaning that it was seen by 7.3% of theafter being shot by Scully. Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen, rated the episode two stars out of five. The two noted that the episode was "best" when "it's at its most tasteless", citing the beggar "crawling up the bottom of an obese man" as "pretty tasteless". Shearman and Pearson, however, noted that it suffered from the fact that "it doesn't have the courage of its convictions". Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club awarded the episode a "C+", calling it "a messy episode". Shefrom Cinefantastique gave the episode a negative review and awarded it one star out of four. Vitaris, sardonically referring to the episode as "The X(enophobic)-Files", noted that while "the butt-crawler is new, the plot is pure "X-Files generic Monster-of-the-Week." Matt Hurwitz and Chris Knowles noted in their book The Complete X-Files that the episode soon became known as the "'Butt Genie' episode" among fans. Despite the negativity, several reviews wrote positively of the episode's antagonistic beggar. Both TV Guide and UGO Networks listed him amongst the greatest monster-of-the-week characters in The X-Files. The UGO review, in particular, noted that the ### Assistant:
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### User: Oleg Barannik (; born 20 March 1992 in Semenivka, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine) is a professional Ukrainian football striker who plays for Kremin Kremenchuk. International career He was called up to Ukraine national under-21 football team for the Euro 2013 qualification game against on 6 September 2011, but not spent any game for this team. References External links Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:People from Semenivka, Poltava Oblast Category:Ukrainian footballers Category:Ukrainian Premier League players Category:FC Vorskla Poltava players Category:FC Hirnyk-Sport Horishni Plavni players Category:FC Poltava players Category:Association football forwards Category:FC Naftovyk-Ukrnafta Okhtyrka players Category:FC Avanhard Kramatorsk players Category:FC Kremin Kremenchuk players Category:Ukrainian ### Assistant:
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### User: Barak Tame Sopé Mautamata (born 1951) is a ni-Vanuatu politician. He is the leader of the Melanesian Progressive Party and was, until 2008, a member of the Vanuatu parliament from the island of Efate. He was the Prime Minister of Vanuatu from 1999 until 2001, when he was deposed by Parliament in a no confidence vote. Sopé was elected Prime Minister in a parliamentary vote on 25 November 1999, receiving 28 votes against 24 for Edward Natapei. Shortly after he was deposed on 13 April 2001, he was convicted on 2 charges of forging several million US dollars' worth ofVanuatu Government Guarantees and was sentenced in July 2002 to 3 years on each charge (to be served concurrently), but was pardoned in 2003 despite heavy opposition from Australia and New Zealand. When the coalition government of Serge Vohor was sworn in on 29 July 2004, Sopé became Minister of Foreign Affairs. He lost that position in November 2004 after he spoke out against Vanuatu's attempts to establish diplomatic relations with Taiwan, reputedly due to his own dealings with the Chinese. He returned to the cabinet in December 2004 when the government of Ham Lini took office, taking up the ### Assistant:
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### User: Always Guaranteed is a studio album by Cliff Richard, released in 1987. The album peaked at number 5 in the UK Albums Chart, and spent a total of 24 weeks on the chart over 1987–88. The album was certified Platinum by the BPI and achieved sales over 1.3 million globally. The album was produced by Alan Tarney who had produced two of Richard's previous albums, Wired for Sound and I'm No Hero in the early 1980s and written Richard's highest selling single "We Don't Talk Anymore" in 1979. Tarney wrote all but one track on the album. Four songs fromthe album were released as singles - "My Pretty One" (UK No. 6), "Some People" (UK No. 3 and certified silver for 250,000 sales), "Remember Me" (UK No. 35) and "Two Hearts" (UK No. 34). The album marked another strong chart comeback for Richard, giving him a second spell of success in the 1980s, which continued with "Mistletoe and Wine" as the single following on from "Two Hearts". As was sometimes the case on albums written and produced by Alan Tarney, this album contains two songs that Tarney had previously provided to other artists. "Remember Me" had first been recordedby David Cassidy on his 1985 Romance album, however Tarney further refined the song for Richard, including rewriting the lyrics of the verses. "My Pretty One" had first been recorded by Jamie Rae in 1985 and released as a single, but had not become a hit. Richard is quoted as saying he'd never have recorded the song if he'd known someone else had recorded it, but also said after finding out, he didn't mind and later when discussing the varied styles of songs he'd sung, said about "My Pretty One", "It's just a great pop song". In the US, the ### Assistant:
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### User: Sanquhar Castle, now a ruin, was built by the Crichton family in the 13th century. Situated on the southern approach to the former royal burgh of Sanquhar in Dumfries and Galloway, south west Scotland, it sits on the trail of the Southern Upland Way, and is passed by hundreds of visitors who walk through the grounds each year. The castle is a stronghold bounded on the west by the River Nith, to the north by a burn, and made strong by a deep ditch running the remainder of the boundary. It was visited by many notable figures including Robert theBruce, William Wallace, Edward I, Mary, Queen of Scots, and James VI. Sanquhar Castle was sold by the Crichtons in the mid 17th century to Sir William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry, who established the fairytale pink sandstone Drumlanrig Castle ten miles south of Sanquhar near Thornhill. From then on the castle at Sanquhar began to steadily crumble to a ruin, until 1895 when John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute, purchased it and attempted to enthuse a restoration of his ancestral home, following successful restorations at Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch in Wales. This was undertaken by Robert Weir Schultz ### Assistant:
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### User: Christmas...Our Gifts To You is a Christmas album by The Winans, released in 2000 and featuring many members of the Winans family. Track listing "Hark! the Herald Angels Sing" by Marvin Winans [5:33] "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" by Angie Winans [4:08] "O Come All Ye Faithful" by CeCe Winans [4:37] "Silent Night" by Ann McCrary [3:01] "Go Tell It on the Mountain" by Pop Winans [4:46] "Angels We Have Heard on High" by Kirk & Kevin Whalum [5:40] "The True Meaning of Christmas" by Reverend Virgil Caldwell [5:06] "What Child Is This?" by Mom Winans [5:19] "Little DrummerBoy" by Darwin Hobbs [6:42] "Mary Had a Little Lamb" by Sharon Moore-Caldwell M.D. [4:01] "A Christmas Moment With Pop Winans" by Pop Winans [1:07] "Sweet Little Jesus Boy" by Ronald Winans & Adrian Smith [4:44] "Ryan's Song" by Angie Winans [4:22] Album credits Ann McCrary - Performer Nashville String Machine - Strings Shandra Penix - Vocals (Background) Kirk Whalum - Arranger, Instrumentation, Saxophone Marty Williams - Mastering Angie Winans - Performer Marvin Winans - Arranger, Vocal Arrangement Vic C. - Arranger, Mixing, Instrumentation, Engineer CeCe Winans - Arranger Ced C - Arranger, Instrumentation, Mixing, Engineer Mom Winans - Performer ### Assistant:
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### User: Paolina Pezzaglia Greco (13 September 1889 – 17 December 1925) was an Italian theatre and film actress. Early life Pezzaglia was the only daughter of the VIP hair-stylist Gerolamo Pezzaglia. The family name was Pezzaglia, however, the variant spelling Pazzaglia is also found in some documents and sources. Her uncle was the actor and "capocomico" Angelo Pezzaglia, who encouraged her to start acting on stage. At the age of 4 she already enchanted the public in theatre, and she grew to be a popular actress, acting in more than 120 theatrical pieces throughout Italy, Switzerland, Tunisia, Spain and Egypt. Careervendetta dello scemo, directed by Umberto Mucci. Death Pezzaglia continued acting on stage till the end of her life, when, during a successful theatrical season, she died of pneumonia in Florence at the age of 36. She is buried at Trespiano Cemetery in Florence, Italy. Personal life In 1908 she married the actor Antonio Greco and they had a son, Ruggero. Antonio died in 1913, at 29. In 1920 she had a daughter, Anna, with the actor and producer Luigi Mottura, who was 12 years younger. The two never married. In Popular Culture The story of her life is told ### Assistant:
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### User: The Doom Brigade is a fantasy novel by American writers Margaret Weis and Don Perrin, published by Wizards of the Coast. It is the first book in the Kang's Regiment series/The Chaos War series of the Dragonlance novels, followed by Draconian Measures. Plot summary The Doom Brigade chronicles the former First Dragonarmy Engineering Regiment's quest to recover the first female draconians on Krynn after the War of the Lance. The brigade has left the dragonarmies in search for a new life, and led by Commander Kang, a Bozak, and Subcommander Slith, they have set up a small town in the ### Assistant:
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### User: Robert Elsmere is a novel by Mrs. Humphry Ward published in 1888. It was immediately successful, quickly selling over a million copies and gaining the admiration of Henry James. Background Inspired by the religious crises of early Victorian clergymen such as her father Tom Arnold, Arthur Hugh Clough, and James Anthony Froude (particularly as expressed in the last's novel The Nemesis of Faith), it is about an Oxford clergyman who begins to doubt the doctrines of the Anglican Church after encountering the writings of German rationalists like Schelling and David Strauss. Instead of succumbing to atheism or Roman Catholicism, however,Elsmere takes up a "constructive liberalism" (which Ward received from Thomas Hill Green) stressing social work amongst the poor and uneducated. Ward was inspired to write Robert Elsmere after hearing a sermon by John Wordsworth in which he argued that religious unsettlement, such as that experienced in England throughout the nineteenth century, leads to sin; Ward decided to respond by creating a sympathetic, loosely fictionalized account of the people involved in this unsettlement at the present, including her friends Benjamin Jowett, Mark Pattison, and her uncle Matthew Arnold. The novel was the subject of a famous review by William EwartGladstone in which he criticized the novel's advocacy of the "dissociation of the moral judgment from a special series of religious formulae." In a more jocular manner, Oscar Wilde in his essay "The Decay of Lying" famously quipped that Robert Elsmere was "simply Arnold's Literature and Dogma with the literature left out." The novel was a runaway best-seller, but it may have suffered the same fate as other Victorian era novels dealing with crises of faith had it not been for Ward's sensitive treatment of the subject. It was revolutionary in the nineteenth century when readers were acutely sensitive toanything they saw as blasphemy, and the presence of Jesus Christ in any but serious scholarly and devotional books was taboo. Then Lew Wallace included him in his novel Ben-Hur less than a decade before Ward published Robert Elsmere. This broke new ground but it was successful only because Wallace portrayed him as the Savior. Had Wallace followed his original purpose to portray Jesus as a mere man, he might have undergone the attacks that were then launched at Ward. Robert Elsmere generated enormous interest from intellectuals and agnostics who saw it as a liberating tool for liberating times andfrom those of faith who saw it as another step in the advancement of apostasy or ism. As with many other best-sellers, though, it was repeatedly copied and sales of the unauthorized editions matched or surpassed those of the authorized. The book was out of print for twenty-five years, but was republished as a scholarly edition in 2013 which includes extracts from Gladstone's review. Setting Much of the novel is set in and around Longsleddale in the Lake District, called by Ward ‘Long Whindale’. Thus for example the haunted ‘High Fell’ of the book is in fact High Street. DramatizationPlans were immediately underway to dramatize the work at the Madison Square Theatre on Broadway in New York City. Actor/playwright William Gillette, who would later be renowned for playing Sherlock Holmes, was given the task of doing it. He read the novel to determine, as he put it, "whether or not there existed sufficient dramatic material in the book for stage purposes. Upon deciding that, with some modification, an effective drama could be constructed upon the motive found in it, I so notified those managers, and at the same time wrote at length to the author requesting her permission toto the public a number of cheap and careless adaptations, hurried upon the stage by irresponsible parties, just as there have been issued and put on sale hundreds of thousands of cheap, ill-printed, and unauthorized copies of the book. We shall then be treated to a burst of horrified indignation against the theater from the righteous people who have been partakers in literary theft by buying and reading these unauthorized and un-paid-for publications." Another problem, Gillette declared, was that "the literary state of affairs between England and America – at least so far as dramatic work is concerned – isWeltliteratur: Themen und Aspekte; Festschrift zum 60. Ed. Claus Uhlig and Volker Bischoff. Berlin: E. Schmidt, pp. 159–75. Collister, Peter (1982). "A Postlude to Gladstone on Robert Elsmere: Four Unpublished Letters," Modern Philology, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 284–96. Collister, Peter (1989). "'A Fresh and Supplementary Language': Some Quotations in Robert Elsmere," Durham University Journal, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 253–64. Concilio, Januarius V. De (1889). "'Robert Elsmere' as a Controversial Novel," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XIV, pp. 268–282. Cook, Joseph (1889). "Robert Elsmere’s Mental Struggles, III," The North American Review, Vol. 148, pp. 106–109. Cressey, George Croswellof Reviews, Vol. 2, p. 233. Marvin, F.S. (1939). "Robert Elsmere: Fifty Years After," The Contemporary Review, Vol. 156, pp. 196–202. Pater, Walter (1918). "Robert Elsmere." In: Essays from The Guardian. London: Macmillan & Co., pp. 53–70. Perkin, J. Russell (2009). "Literature and Dogma: Mary Augusta Ward's Robert Elsmere and Walter Pater's Marius the Epicurian." In: Theology and the Victorian Novel. McGill-Queen's University Press, pp. 196–224. Salter, W.M. 1888). "The Attack on Robert Elsmere," The Open Court, Vol. 2, No. 69, pp. 1372–75. Sempers, Charles T. (1888). "Robert Elsmere," The Harvard Monthly, Vol. 7, pp. 113–121. Schork, R.J. (1989). "VictorianHagiography: A Pattern of Allusions in 'Robert Elsmere' and 'Helbeck of Bannisdale," Studies in the Novel, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 292–304. Statham, F. Reginald (1896). "The Real Robert Elsmere," National Review, Vol. 28, pp. 252–261. Willey, Basil (1957). "How 'Robert Elsmere' Struck Some Contemporaries." In: Essays and Studies, Vol. 10. London: John Murray, pp. 53–68. Wilson, Samuel Law (1899). "The Theology of Mrs. Humpry Ward — 'Robert Elsmere'." In: The Theology of Modern Literature. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 347–378. External links Robert Elsmere, at Internet Archive Version of the text of Robert Elsmere at Project Gutenberg Another ### Assistant:
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### User: Xiaolu Guo () born 1973) is a Chinese-born British novelist, memoirist and film-maker, who explores migration, alienation, memory, personal journeys, feminism, translation and transnational identities. Her books have been translated into 28 languages. Nine Continents: A Memoir In and Out of China won the National Book Critics Circle Award 2017. In 2013, she was named as one of Granta magazine's Best of Young British Novelists, a list drawn up once a decade. She is one of the inaugural fellows of the Columbia Institute of Ideas and Imagination in Paris, 2018, and a jury member for the Man Booker Prize 2019.She is currently a visiting professor and Writer-in-Residence at Columbia University in New York City. Early life Xiaolu Guo grew up with her illiterate grandparents in a village of fishermen, then with her parents and brother in the city of Wenling, both in the Chinese coastal province of Zhejiang. Her father was a traditional landscape ink painter and her mother was a Red Guard during the Cultural Revolution. She published her first poetry collection in her teens while studying ink painting. In 1993, she left her province to study at the Beijing Film Academy (in the same class as JiaZhangke) and later on studied at the National Film and Television School in the UK. She moved to London in 2002 and has lived in Paris and Berlin. Career Xiaolu Guo has served on the judging panel for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize and in 2016 she served as a jury for the Financial Times Emerging Voices Awards for Fiction. She has lectured on creative writing and film-making at King's College, London, the University of Westminster, Zurich University, Bern University, Swarthmore College in the United States and Harvard University. She is an honorary Professor at the University of Nottingham anda guest professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Guo was a guest of the DAAD Artists in Residence in Berlin in 2012 and a Writer in Residence of the Literaturhaus Zurich and the PWG Foundation in Zurich in 2015. She is currently a Writer in Residence of East Asian Institute, Columbia University. Books Guo's 2005 autobiographical novel, Village of Stone focuses on two people, Coral and Red, who live together in Beijing, and how Coral's life changes one day when she receives a dried eel in the post, an anonymous gift from someone in her remote home village.Doris Lessing spoke highly of the book in 2004: ‘Reading it rather like finding yourself in a dream.’ The Times Literary Supplement praised the novel: ‘The language has the pared-down simplicity of a fable; the effect is a bit like that of a Haruki Murakami novel.’ Guo's 2008 novel, A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers, is the first one that she wrote in English after publishing her Chinese books. It tells the journey of a young Chinese woman in London. She soon renames herself "Z" and her encounters with an unnamed Englishman spur both of them to explore their ownset in a semi-real Chinese village, is an experimental meta-fiction in the form of a series of police interviews about an alleged ufo sighting. It was adapted into a feature film and directed by Xiaolu Guo herself. It received the Best Script Prize at Hamburg International Film Festival. Guo's 2010 novel, 20 Fragments of A Ravenous Youth is a coming of age story about a 21-year-old Chinese woman Fenfang, her life as a film extra in Beijing, to which she has travelled far to seek her fortune, only to encounter a Communist regime that has outworn its welcome, a cityin varying degrees of development, and sexism more in keeping with her peasant upbringing than the country's supposedly progressive capital. Guo's 2010 book, Lovers in the Age of Indifference is a collection of short stories, that depicts the lives of people adrift between the West and the East, set in various locations. In 2015, Xiaolu Guo published the novel I Am China, that she describes as "a parallel story about two Chinese lovers in exile – the external and internal exile that I had felt since leaving China". In the book, the London-based literary translator Iona Kirkpatrick discovers a storyContinents: A Memoir In And Out Of China) which is a chronicle of her growing up in China in the 70s and 80s and her journey to the West.Films Guo's 2004 film is The Concrete Revolution, a film essay about the construction workers in Beijing building stadiums for the 2008 Olympics. It received Grand Prix at the International Human Rights Film Festival in Paris, 2005 and Special Mention at Chicago Documentary Film Festival. Guo's 2006 film, How Is Your Fish Today?, inspired by Alain Robbe-Grillet's Trans-Europ-Express (1966) is a docu-drama set in modern China, focusing on the intertwined stories oftwo main characters; a frustrated writer (Rao Hui) and the subject of his latest film script, Lin Hao (Zijiang Yang). It was selected for the Official Competition at Sundance Film Festival 2007 and Rotterdam Film Festival, received Grand Prix at International Women's Film Festival in France. Guo's 2008 film, We Went to Wonderland is a black and white essay film focusing on two elderly Chinese communists who arrive in the rundown East End of London and comment the Western world from their astonished Chinese perspective. The film which premiered at the Rotterdam IFFR was immediately picked for the New Directors/NewFilms Festival of the MoMa / Lincoln Film Society in New York. Guo's 2009 feature is She, a Chinese, a homage to Jean-Luc Godard's La chinoise. This film won the Golden Leopard at the 2009 Locarno International Film Festival and the Best Script Award at the Hamburg Film Festival 2010. It has been distributed in the UK, France, Spain, Germany and Switzerland. Guo's other 2009 film, Once upon a time Proletarian, is a sister film to She, a Chinese. This documentary looks at China in the post-Marxist era. It premieres at the Venice Film Festival 2009 and has been shownat Rotterdam IFFR and Sheffield Doc/Fest. Guo's 2011 film, UFO In Her Eyes is a cinematic adaptation of her novel of the same title. The film stars Shi Ke and Udo Kier and is a political metaphor recounted through the transformation that befalls a small Chinese village after an alleged UFO sighting. Inspired by Soviet cinema, Xiaolu Guo dedicated this film to Soy Cuba, a banned 1964 Soviet-Cuban film directed by Mikhail Kalatozov. It received the Public Award at Milan 3-Continental Film Festival 2013. Guo's 2013 film, Late at Night, Voices of Ordinary Madness, focuses on Britain's underclass society, eachfighting their ground in their own way. It is the second part of Guo's Tomorrow trilogy, continued after her documentary Once Upon A Time Proletarian. It premiered at the 57th BFI London Film Festival 2013 and Rotterdam Film Festival 2014, and was exhibited at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. Guo's 2018 documentary feature Five men And A Caravaggio, is inspired by Walter Benjamin's landmark essay The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936). It premiered at the BFI London Film Festival 2018 and the Athens Avant-Garde Film Festival in Greece 2018. Awards and nominationsGuo's third novel, A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary For Lovers, inspired by Roland Barthes's "A Lover's Discourse", written originally in broken English, was nominated for the 2007 Orange Prize for Fiction and it has been translated into 26 languages. She was also the 2005 Pearl Award (UK) winner for Creative Excellence. Her first novel Village of Stone was nominated for the Independent Best Foreign Fiction Prize as well as the International Dublin Literary Awards. She writes in both English and Chinese, and has served as the jury member for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize and International Dublin Literary Award. Her 2014novel I Am China, set in Europe, China and America, was awarded for Giuseppe Acerbi Prize for Young Readers 2015 in Italy and longlisted for the 2015 Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction. Her 2017 book Nine Continents: A Memoir In And Out Of China was the winner in the autobiography section of the National Books Critics Circle Award. It was also shortlisted for the Costa Book Award 2017. Her feature film She, a Chinese premiered at the 2009 Locarno International Film Festival, where it immediately took the highest prize, the Golden Leopard. Her previous feature How Is Your Fish Todayawarded the Gilda Film Prize for her film career at the 37th International Women Film Festival Florence in Italy, 2015. Guo has had film retrospectives at the Cinema du Reel in the Pompidou Center 2010, the Swiss Cinematheque 2011, and with the Greek Film Archives 2018. In 2014, she was included in the BBC's 100 Women. In 2019, she had a complete film retrospective at Whitechapel Gallery in London. List of books Once Upon A Time in the East: A Story of Growing up (memoir, 2017, ). Also published in the United States with the title Nine Continents: A MemoirIn and Out of China (October 2017). I am China (novel, 2014, ). Lovers in the Age of Indifference (short story collection, 2010). UFO in Her Eyes (novel, 2009). 20 Fragments of a Ravenous Youth (novel, 2008). A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary For Lovers (novel, 2007, ). Village of Stone (我心中的石头镇, Wǒ xīnzhōng de shítou zhèn) (novel, 2003). Movie Map (电影地图, Diànyǐng dìtú) (film critics, 2001). Film Notes (电影理论笔记, Diànyǐng lǐlùn bǐjì) (film critics, 2001). Fenfang's 37.2 Degrees (芬芳的37.2度 Fēnfāng de 37.2 dù) (novel, 2000). Flying in My Dreams (梦中或不是梦中的飞行, Mèng zhōng huò bùshì mèng zhōng de fēixíng) (essay collection, 1999).Who is my mother's boyfriend? (我妈妈的男朋友是谁?, Wǒ māmā de nán péngyǒu shì shéi?) (screenplay collection, 1998). Poetry Collection (诗集, Shījí) (1991). Essays Fishermen Always Eat Fish Eyes First (2017), Freeman's Home My Writing Day (2016), the Guardian The Ying and Yang of Heidi (2016), Viceversa Literatur Waiting for the Second Renaissance (2014) Reading Howl in China (2014), First published in Aeon Magazine Reading Howl in China The Blood Eater (2014), First published in the Intelligent Life My Madeleine Memories of An Island (2014) Dark Mountain, Issue 7 Coolies (2013), 14-18 NOW Beyond Dissidence (2012), First published in The Independent NotesTowards A Metaphysical Cinema Manifesto (2010) Further Notes Towards A Metaphysical Cinema Manifesto (2010) A Soul In Sakhalin (2009), First published on BBC 3, The EssayFilmography As director, producer and screenwriter Five Men And A Caravaggio (Documentary reconstruction, 2018) Late At Night - Voices of Ordinary Madness (Documentary Essay, 2013) UFO in Her Eyes (Fiction Feature, 2011) She, a Chinese (Fiction Feature, 2009) Once upon a time Proletarian (Documentary, 2009) An Archeologist's Sunday (Fiction Short, 2008) We Went to Wonderland (Documentary, 2008) Address Unknown (Fiction short, Visual Essay 2007) How Is Your Fish Today? (Fiction Feature, 2006) The Concrete Revolution(Documentary, 2004) Far and Near (Documentary Essay, 2003) As screenwriter The House (Menghuan tianyuan) (1999) Love in the Internet Age (Wangluo shidai de aiqing) (1998) As playwright Dostoevsky and the Chickens (2014), BBC Radio 3, the Wire Dostoevsky and the Chickens Beijing's Slowest Elevator (2009), BBC Radio 3 AwardsUFO in Her EyesPublic Award, Milan 3 Continents International Film Festival, 2010 City of Venice Award (2nd Prize), Premio Città di Venezia, 70a Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica 2013She, A ChineseGolden Leopard Award (Grand Prix) in the International Competition, Locarno International Film Festival 2009. Mount Blanc Prize for the Best Script, Hamburg FilmFestival 2009.Once Upon A Time ProletarianGrand Prix de Geneva, Forum 2011. Nomination, Horizon Award, Venice Film Festival 2009How Is Your Fish Today?Grand Prix, Créteil International Women's Film Festival 2007, France; Nominated, Best Drama at Sundance Film Festival 2007; Special Mention at the Rotterdam Film Festival's Tiger Award 2007, Special Mention at the Pesaro Film Festival 2007 and the Fribourg Film Festival 2007.The Concrete RevolutionGrand Prix, International Human Rights Film Festival, Paris 2005; Nomination Best Documentary at Chicago Documentary Film Festival 2005; Special Jury Prize at EBS International Documentary Festival, Seoul 2005Far and NearICA Beck's Future Student Prize 2003, Institute ofContemporary Arts, London 2008: Orange Prize for Fiction shortlist, A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers 2013: Granta "Best of Young British Novelists" 2017: National Books Critics Circle Award, Nine Continents by Xiaolu Guo 2017: Costa Book Award Shortlist, Once Upon A Time In The East by Xiaolu Guo 2018: Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize Shortlist, Once Upon A Time In The East by Xiaolu Guo 2018: Rathbones Folio Prize Shortlist, Once Upon A Time In The East by Xiaolu Guo Notes and references Reflections of an Environmental Refugee External links Granta Magazine Podcast interview BBC HARDtalk Critic's Talk, RotterdamFilm Festival Documentaries on globalization, Cinema Studies, University of Pennsylvania 37e Cinema du Reel, Xiaolu Guo Masterclass Interview with Xiaolu Guo HOW IS YOUR FISH TODAY? site for Independent Lens on PBS Twenty Fragments of a Ravenous Youth, reviewed in Northwest Asian Weekly. Entry in the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction "Reading Howl in China", essay, 20 August 2014, Aeon''. Category:1973 births Category:Exophonic writers Category:Living people Category:Film directors from Zhejiang Category:Writers from Taizhou, Zhejiang Category:Post 70s Generation Category:20th-century women writers Category:20th-century writers Category:21st-century women writers Category:Chinese film directors Category:Chinese women novelists Category:British people of Wu descent Category:BBC 100 Women Category:Beijing Film ### Assistant:
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### User: David H. Ponitz Career Technology Center is a technical school located in downtown Dayton, Ohio. Ponitz enrolls 800 students in grades 9-12 annually. Ponitz is also part of the Dayton Public School District. School information Ponitz Career Technology Center was built in 2009 and serves as the city of Dayton's second career center. Ponitz offers career-technical certificates in: Arts and Communication including Radio/TV, Sports Marketing, Graphic Design, and Multimedia Business and Information Technology including Management, Finance, Networking, Programming, and Cosmetology Health and Education including Dental Assisting, Allied Health, Biotechnology, Public Safety, and STEM Academy Industrial and Engineering Systems including Construction, ### Assistant:
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### User: Somatogyrus is a genus of very small freshwater and brackish water snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae. Somatogyrus is placed by WoRMS in the family Lithoglyphidae. Species Species within the genus Somatogyrus include: Reverse pebblesnail, Somatogyrus alcoviensis Oachita pebblesnail, Somatogyrus amnicoloides Goldend pebblesnail, Somatogyrus aureus Angular pebblesnail, Somatogyrus biangulatus Knotty pebblesnail, Somatogyrus constrictus Coosa pebblesnail, Somatogyrus coosaensis Thick-lipped pebblesnail, Somatogyrus crassilabris Stocky pebblesnail, Somatogyrus crassus Tennessee pebblesnail, Somatogyrus currierianus Hidden pebblesnail, Somatogyrus decipiens Ovate pebblesnail, Somatogyrus excavatus Fluted pebblesnail, Somatogyrus hendersoni Granite pebblesnail, Somatogyrus hinkleyi Atlas pebblesnail, Somatogyrus humerosus Dwarf pebblesnail, Somatogyrus nanus Moom ### Assistant:
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