You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is All use cAMP as second messenger during their physiological functions, EXCEPT: and explain in detail?
Activation of D1-type receptors leads to an increase in cAMP, whereas activation of D2-like receptors reduces cAMP levels. ACTH binds to high-affinity plasma membrane receptors, thereby activating adenylyl cyclase and increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which in turn activates intracellular phosphoprotein kinases. In the liver, glucagon acts Gs to activate adenylyl cyclase and increase intracellular cAMP. This leads protein kinase A to activation of phosphorylase. The V2 receptors of vasopressin act through Gs to increase cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Ref: Barrett K.E., Barman S.M., Boitano S., Brooks H.L. (2012). Chapter 7. Neurotransmitters & Neuromodulators. In K.E. Barrett, S.M. Barman, S. Boitano, H.L. Brooks (Eds), Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 24e.