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What is All of the following are seen in the Horner&;s syndrome, except and explain in detail?
Ref: BD Chaurasia&;s HUMAN ANATOMY, Volume 3, 4th edition. Horner&;s syndrome is characterized by (a) Ptosis i.e. drooping of the upper eyelid); (b) miosis (i.e. constriction of the pupil); (c) anhydrosis (i.e. loss of sweating on that side of the face); (d) enophthalmos (i.e. retraction of the eyeball); (e) loss of the ciliospinal reflex (i.e. pinching the skin on the nape of the neck) does not produce dilatation of the pupil (which normally takes place). Horner&;s syndrome can also be caused by a lesion within the central nervous system anywhere at or above the first thoracic segment of the spinal cord involving sympathetic fibres. Horner&;s syndrome is due to involvement of sympathetic pathways in the medulla.