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What is Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is characterized by? and explain in detail?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is characterized by sclerosis of some (but not all) glomeruli that involve only a pa of each affected glomerulus. The affected glomeruli exhibit increased mesangial matrix, obliterated capillary lumina, deposition of hyaline (hyalinosis) and foamy (lipid-laden) macrophages. In affected glomeruli, immunofluorescence microscopy often reveals nonspecific trapping of immunoglobulins, usually IgM, and complement in the areas of hyalinosis. On electron microscopy, the podocytes exhibit effacement of foot processes, as in minimal-change disease. Ref: ROBBINS BASIC PATHOLOGY 10th ed Pg no: 556