You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is A 50-year-old woman who was obese and hypertensive, came with complaints of bleeding and abdomen pain, diagnosed to be endometrial cancer. Which of the following gene is mutated? and explain in detail?
Ans: (b) PTENRef: WHO, FGT, Page 29-34Going with PTEN because it's the most common one mutated (Ref: WHO - >50%). P53 mutation is seen only in type 2 carcinomas, incidence of which is less. PTEN is seen in both type 1 and type 2 carcinomas.FeaturesType 1Type 2Prototypic formEndometrioid carcinomaUterine (papillary) serous carcinomaTypical patientPerimenopausal or early postmenopausal womenElderly women Background of endometrial hyperplasiaBackground of atrophic endometrium Low-gradeHigh-grade Estrogen-dependentNot estrogen-dependentEstrogen receptorUsually positive; high grade cases may be negativeNegativeMIB1 proliferation index (ki-67)LowHighp53Negative; high grade cases may be positiveDiffuse positivity