You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is All of the following changes are seen in pregnancy except: and explain in detail?
Ans. is d, i.e. Increased peripheral vascular resistanceRef: Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 51-53As discussed in detail:Blood volume increases during pregnancyCardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rateAll these three parameters increase during pregnancyIn pregnancy since the main hormone is progesterone, which has a smooth muscle relaxant effect so peripheral vascular resistance decreases during pregnancy (and not increases).