You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is True about actinomyces is : and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'a' ie. (Gram +ve) Actinomyces is an organism of the group ActinomycetesActinomycetes are bacteria but they form long branching filaments that resemble the hyphae of fungi.There are two medically important organismsActinomyces israelii &Nocardia"Actinomycetes are Gram positive, non motile, nonsporting noncapsulatedfilaments"Most of them are Saprophytes that live in soils, but members of this group of bacteria are responsible for 3 human infectionActinomycosis*Nocardiosis*Actinomycetoma*ActinomycosisIt is a chronic suppurative granulomatous infection that produce pyogenic lesions with interconnecting sinus tracts that contains Granules.Granules are composed of micro colonies of bacteria* embedded in tissue elements.Most cases are due to Actinomyces Israeli*Site of involvementCervicofacial ActinomycosisThoracic ActinomycosisAbdominal ActinomycosisMode of entryInfection is initiated by trauma that introduces these bacteria.NocardiosisCausative Agent -Most commonly by Nocardia Asteroides or less frequently with Nocardia Brasiliensis.Route of Entry -Inhalation of the Bacteria (Thus inhalation is the route of entry for Nocardia not for actinomyces).Usual presentation -Subacute to chronic pulmonary infection. It begins as chronic lobar pneumonia.Nocardia are partially Acid Fast*ActinomycetomaMycetoma -It is a localized\ slowly progressive chronic infection that begins in subcutaneous tissue and spreads to adjacent tissue.Most common site is foot.Entry is by trauma.Mycetoma is of 2 typesActinomycetoma: Caused by filamentous bacteria* such as Nocardia* Nocardiopsis, Streptomyces & ActinomaduraEumycetoma: caused by saprophytic fungus*Treatment DOC for Actinomyces is - Penicillin *DOC for Nocardia is - Sufonamides, (Alternative is minocycline)