You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Paul Bunnell antibodies are reactive in all except: and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ox(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 109, 476 and 8th/e, p. 108, 477; Harrison, 18th/e, p. 1469, 1470; 19th/e, p. 1189)* In infectious mononucleosis, Paul Bunnel heterophile antibodies are produced.* These IgM class antibodies have an affinity for sheep, horse and bovine erythrocyte and a titre of >40 is diagnostic of acute EBV infection.* Because these heterophile antibodies are adsorbed by ox red cells, they are not reactive in Ox (Ox red cells remove these antibodies).* Monospot test is more sensitive and specific than Paul Bunnel test.* EBV specific antibody testing is used for patients, Titers of IgM and IgG abs to Viral capsid antigen (VCA) are elevated in 90% of patients at the onset of disease.* Abs against EBNA are also demonstrated. EA - D abs are found in severe disease by EBV.* Nowadays EBV DNA are demonstrated by PCR.