You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Respiratory burst is due to which enzyme - and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., NADPH oxidase Respiratory Burst o To deal with microbial infection, phagocytes produce toxic oxygen radical in a process known as a respiratory burst. The generation of reactive oxygen intermediates is due to activation of NADPH oxidaseQ o During phagocytosis, microbial killing is accomplished largely by oxygen-dependent mechanisms, o This oxygen-dependent killing is due to generation of reactive oxygen species (reactive oxygen intermediates). o The generation of reactive oxygen intermediates is due to rapid activation of an oxidase-NADPH oxidase, o This NADPH oxidase oxidizes NADPH and in the process, reduces oxygen to superoxide anion (O2-). o Superoxide anion is then converted into Hf), by spontaneous dismutation. o H2O2, can be further reduced to the highly reactive hydroxyl radicle (OH). o H2O2 generated by NADPH oxidase system is generally not able to efficiently kill microbes itself, o However, the azurophilic granules of neutrophils contain the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which in the presence of a halide such as C1-, convertes H2O2 to hypochlorite (HOCl). o Hypochlorite is a potent antimicrobial agent that destroys microbes by halogenation or by oxidation of protein & lipids. o The H2O2 - MPO - halide system is the most efficient bactericidal system in neutrophils.