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What is Level of prevention that includes Specific protection: and explain in detail?
Ans. b (Primary). (Ref: Park, PSM, 22nd/ 39, 351, 356, 361).LEVELS OF PREVENTIONPrimordial prevention# It is first prevention in its purest form i.e. prevention of emergence of development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.# Efforts taken to discourage children from adopting harmful habits.# Main intervention is through the individual or the mass education.Primary prevention# Action taken prior to the onset of the disease, which removes possibility that a disease will ever occur.# Intervention is done in a pre-pathogenesis phase of a disease.# It is accomplished by health promotion, promotion of quality of life and specific protection.# It is applied to prevention of chronic disease (CAD, hypertension and cancer) based on elimination/modification of the risk factors by two strategies, namely;-Population/mass- High riskSecondary prevention# Action, which halts the progress of disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.# Intervention includes early diagnosis and treatment.# It is largely the domain of clinical medicine, but is an imperfect tool in control of transmission.Tertiary prevention# When a disease has advanced beyond its early stage, it is still possible to accomplish prevention by tertiary intervention in late pathogenesis phase.# All measures available to decrease or limit impairment and disabilities, minimize sufferings and to promote adjustment to irremediable diseases.