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What is In a patient who has diarrhoea and vomiting with inadequate water intake is suffering from- and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Extracellular dehydration with hyponatremia o Extracellular fluid consists of Interstitial (intercellular fluid) Circulating blood Intestinal fluids and secretions o Intracellular fluid consists of fluid present within the cells. o Loss of fluid in diarrhoea and vomiting comes from extracellular fluid. Therefore there is shrinkage or reduction in the volume of extracellular fluid. o Diarrhoea and vomiting both cause loss of Na+ rich fluid therefore there is decline in the serum sodium level (hyponatremia). o This causes fall in osmolality of ECF leading to shifting of fluid from ECF to ICF causing fuher decrease in ECF volume.