You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Wilson's disease is best diagnosed by and explain in detail?
Answer is B (Increased urinary copper excretion): Wilson's Disease is charachterized by increased urinary copper excretion. Increased urinary copper excretion over 24 hours is an extremely useful test (+++) for diagnosis of Wilson's disease. Wilson's disease is associated with low levels of serum ceruloplasmin and high urinary copper excretion The basic defect in Wilson's disease is reduced biliary excretion of copper due to a mutation of gene on chromosome 13 which promotes copper excretion. This leads to accumulation of copper initially in the liver and subsequently in plasma and other systems once liver is saturated. Serum ceruloplasmin is the main copper binding protein in the blood and once excess copper spills into the blood, levels of free ceruloplasmin are decreased. Also excess copper is eventually excreted in urine and hence urinary copper levels are increased or high.