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What is Indications of percutaneous nephrostomya) Stone removalb)  Ureteral obstructionc) Renal tumor resectiond) Ischemic renal failuree) Antegrade renography and explain in detail?
• For HDN, DJ stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy, both are having same results but DJ stenting is less invasive.
• For pyonephrosis, percutaneous nephrostomy is better than DJ stenting.
• Percutaneous nephrostomy is occasionally essential, if not life saving, in the treatment of acute or chronic upper urinary tract obstruction.
• It is the first step in obtaining antegrade access to the kidney for various procedures.