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What is Tobacco amblyopia could be associated with which of the following conditions: and explain in detail?
Tobacco amblyopia is a toxic optic neuropathy. It occurs primarily in middle-aged and elderly persons. People affected are often heavy smokers. The condition is characterised by painless, slowly progressive, cecocentral visual field defect and visual loss. Malnutrition and vitamin B12 deficiency contributes to this condition. Treatment with vitamin B12 injection can bring slow improvements along with smoking cessation. Ref: Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, Frank Buon Walsh, 6th Edition, Page 210