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What is The stapes is embryologically derived from the following pharyngeal arch: and explain in detail?
The second pharyngeal arch gives rise to,Reiche cailage, which eventually forms the manubrium of the malleusLong process of the incusStapes suprastructureTympanic poion of the stapes footplate (ossicle poions below upper limit tympanic membrane)The stapes requires the longest period of development and is therefore the most frequently malformed. The earliest stages of development begin at 4 weeks, and ossification does not occur until week 26. The vestibular poion of the stapes footplate derives from the otic capsule. Ref: Brown K.D., Selesnick S.H. (2012). Chapter 48. Congenital Disorders of the Middle Ear. In A.K. Lalwani (Ed), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, 3e.