You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Which of the following structure is not affected in protein denaturation? and explain in detail?
Ans. (a) Primary structureRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30lh ed. pg. 26-29, 618-19 |PROTEIN DENATURATION* In quaternary structure denaturation, protein sub-units are dissociated and/or the spatial arrangement of protein subunits is disrupted.* Primary structure, such as the sequence of amino acids held together by covalent peptide bonds, is not disrupted by denaturation.* In secondary structure denaturation proteins adopt a random coil as they lose all regular repeating patterns such as alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets, and configuration.* Tertiary structure denaturation involves the disruption of:1. Covalent interactions between amino acid side- chains (such as disulfide bridges between cysteine groups)2. Non-covalent dipole-dipole interactions between polar amino acid side-chains (and the surrounding solvent)3. Van der Waals (induced dipole) interactions between nonpolar amino acid side-chains.