You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is True about endodermal sinus tumors:a) Schiller duval bodies seenb) It is a benign tumourc) ↑HCGd) It is seen in young individualse) It is a malignant tumour and explain in detail?
Endodermal sinus tumor/Yolk sac tumor:
• Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumour is third most common malignant germ cell tumour of ovary affecting mostly children or young women. (Age group 14–20 years.)
• Tumour is highly malignant and is most rapidly growing tumour of whole body.
• Histologically the pathognomic finding is Schiller - Duval bodies which is a single papilla lined by tumour cells with a central blood vessel.
• Due to high rate of growth, tumour usually presents with acute abdomen.
• Unilateral in 100% cases therefore biopsy of opposite ovary is contraindicated.
• Almost all cases are associated with raised AFP and Alpha 1 antitrypsin.
• It is the most deadly malignant ovarian germ cell tumor.
• Treatment: Chemotherapy.
• It has a high propensity for rapid growth, peritoneal spread and distant hematogenous dissemination to the lungs.