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What is Stag horn calculi associated with Proteus infection are? and explain in detail?
Triple phosphate or struvite ( Calcium phosphate with ammonium magnesium phosphate ) is smooth and diy white. It grows in alkaline urine, especially when urea splitting organisms like proteus are present and break urea to ammonia and co2 and make urine alkaline. they enlarge to fill most of the collecting system forming a staghorn calculus. Reference : Bailey and Love's sho practice of surgery 27th edition , chapter 76 , pg no 1406