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What is Which is true for glucuronidation: and explain in detail?
Ans. (b) Phase II reactionRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30 edn. pg. 586 thMETABOLISM OF XENOBIOTICS* In phase 1, the major reaction involved is hydroxylation, catalyzed by enzymes mono-oxygenases or cytochrome P450s. The reactions are:* Hydroxylation# Deamination# Dehalogenation# Desulfuration# Epoxidation# Peroxygenation# Reduction* In phase 2, compounds produced in phase 1 are converted to various polar metabolites by conjugationwith glucuronic acid, sulfate, acetate, glutathione, or certain amino acids, or by methylation.* The overall purpose of the two phases of metabolism of xenobiotics is to increase their water solubility (polarity) and thus excretion from the body.Glucuronidation: UDP Glucuronic acid is the glucuronyl donor, and a variety of glucuronosyl transferases, present in both the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol, are the catalysts.* Phase II reactions are:# Glucuronidation: is probably the most frequent conjugation reaction.# Sulfation# Conjugation with Glutathione# Acetylation# Methylation