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What is b-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as propranolol is used in the treatment of which of the following? and explain in detail?
Ans. D. All of the aboveIndications for b-adrenergic receptor antagonists are lithium tremor, major depressive disorders, substance use disorders, performance anxiety, and neuroleptic-induced akathisia. The five b-adrenergic receptor antagonists most frequently studied for psychiatric applications are propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, and pindolol. Propranolol is the most commonly used b-adrenergic receptor antagonist and is not known to exert a teratogenic effect in humans.