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What is Rheumatism and explain in detail?
Rheumatism or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and  "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism". There is a close overlap between the term soft tissue disorder and rheumatism. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders. The branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatism is called rheumatology.

Types
Many rheumatic disorders of chronic, intermittent pain (including joint pain, neck pain or back pain) have historically been caused by infectious diseases. Their etiology was unknown until the 20th century and not treatable. Postinfectious arthritis, also known as reactive arthritis, and rheumatic fever are other examples.
In the United States, major rheumatic disorders are divided into 10 major categories based on the nomenclature and classification proposed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1983.
Diffuse connective tissue diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sjögren syndrome
Scleroderma
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Behçets disease
Relapsing polychondritis
Arthritis associated with spondylitis (i.e. spondarthritis)
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Osteoarthritis (i.e. osteoarthrosis, degenerative joint disease)
Rheumatic syndromes associated with infectious agents (direct and indirect or reactive)
Metabolic and endocrine diseases associated with rheumatic states
Gout, pseudogout
Neoplasms
Neurovascular disorders
Bone and cartilage disorders
Extraarticular disorders
Bursitis/Tendinitis of the shoulder, wrist, biceps, leg, knee cap (patella), ankle, hip, and Achilles tendon
Capsulitis
Miscellaneous disorders associated with articular manifestations
Palindromic rheumatism is thought to be a form of rheumatoid arthritis.

Diagnosis
Blood and urine tests will measure levels of creatinine and uric acid to determine kidney function, an elevation of the ESR and CRP is possible. After a purine-restricted diet, another urine test will help determine whether the body is producing too much uric acid or the body isnt excreting enough uric acid