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What is Increased level of 5 HIAA is seen in which disease: and explain in detail?
Ans. (a) Carcinoid tumorRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition, Page 1251/Sabiston 20th edition, Page 1273Diagnosis of carcinoid tumors (NET):* NET produce serotonin in enormous amount -- which is then metabolized in lungs and liver to inactive product known as 5-hydroxyindoleaceticacid.* Increased urinary levels of 5-HIAA in 24 hours urinary samples is used to diagnose Carcinoid tumor. It is more specific to diagnose. Sensitivity is low.* A combination of 5HIAA and Chromogranin A is used to diagnose the tumor with increased sensitivity and specificity* Chromogranin A is better than 5 HIAA in diagnosis as alone.* Now a new combination of Chromogranin A + N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) to diagnose as well as to show the worse survival of the patients.