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What is Columella effect is seen in and explain in detail?
Columella effect is seen in type 3 tympanoplasty (myringostapediopexy) where single ossicle remains just like that of bird&;s ear. In Type III tympanoplasty Malleus and incus are absent. Graft is placed directly on the stapes head. It is also called myringostapediopexy or columella tympanoplasty. Re: Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat, Dhingra, 6th Edition, page 30.