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What is A patient is to undergo angiography for unstable angina. His routine evaluation revealed his serum creatinine to be elevated. All of the following can be used to prevent contrast nephropathy, EXCEPT: and explain in detail?
Strategies for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Strategies that do not work: Mannitol Furosemide Dopamine Atrial natriuretic factor Fenoldopam Hemodialysis Strategies that may work: Calcium channel blockers Theophylline N-Acetylcysteine Hemofiltration Sodium bicarbonate Ascorbic acid Iso-osmolar contrast media Current recommended strategies: Employ non iodinated contrast studies Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Space between contrast administrations Minimize contrast volume Hydration Low osmolar contrast media Ref: Brunelli S., Rudnick M.R. (2009). Chapter 12. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy. In E.V. Lerma, J.S. Berns, A.R. Nissenson (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Nephrology & Hypeension.