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What is The peripheral blood smear of a patient shows features of thalassemia, also presented with anemia. Family history is also +ve. The investigation was done to establish the diagnosis is - and explain in detail?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis should always be the first investigation to include/exclude the diagnosis of thalassemia.
The level of normal adult hemoglobin HbA is markedly decreased with proportionate increase in HbA2 and HbF.

X-ray findings in thalassemia
1. Crew cut appearance
2. Hair on end appearance