You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is P. Carni causes infection of primarily - and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rats [Ref: Harrison 18th/e p. 1671 & I7th/e p. 1267}o Although the organisms within the pneumocystis genus are morphologically very similar, they are genetically diverse and host specific - P. jirovecii infects humans, where as P.carinii infects rats.Pneumocystis jirovcci (P. carinii)o Pneumocystis is an opportunistic fungal pulmonary pathogen,o Developmental stages1. Pleomorphic trophic form2. Thick walled cyst3. Precyst - an intermediate stageo Risk factors1. HIV (CD4 T cell < 200 mL)3. Primary immunodeficiency diseases2. Immunosuppressive therapy (particularly glucocorticoids)4. Premature malnourished infants.Clinical features of P. carinii pneumonia# Dyspnea# Non productive cough# Tachycardia# Fever# Tachypnea# CynosisExtrapulmonary spreadCommon in patients with HIV to whom aerosolized pentamidine has been administered.Sites of involvement are:o Lymph nodeso Bone marrowo Livero Spleeno Eye (choroiditis) Chest X-rayBilateral diffuse infiltrates beginning in the peri hilar regions - classical finding.Upper lobe infiltrates - who receive aerosolized pentamidine.Pneumothorax.o Hypoxemia is most widely used prognostic factor for P. carinii pneumonia.