You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Perihilar fluffy opacities on chest X-ray is seen in(Jipmer 92) and explain in detail?
X Ray Findings - Chest Heart & Blood Vessels * Flask-shaped / Pear-shaped / Leathe- bottle / Money-bag shaped heart - Pericardial effusion * Boot-shaped heart / Coer-en-sabot - Fallot's tetralogy * Box shaped appearance - Tricuspid atresia * Jug Handle appearance - Primary pulmonary artery hypertension * "3" like appearance - Coarctation of Aorta * Egg on side appearance - Transposition of great vessels * Egg in cup appearance - Constrictive pericarditis * Snow-man heart - TAPVC (total anomalous pulmonary venous connection) * Figure of '8' - TAPVC (total anomalous pulmonary venous connection) * Cottage Leaf appearance - TAPVC * Pericardial calcification - Constrictive pericarditis * Calcification in heart wall - is seen in - Carcinoid syndrome * Calfication of ascending aorta - Atherosclerosis, Syphilis * Hilar dance on fluoroscopy - Atrial Septal Defect * Xray finding in Ebstein's anomaly - Pulmonary oligemia * Posterior displacement of trachea - seen in - aneurysm of aorta * Obliteration of left border of heart (PA view of chest) is - suggestive of - Lingular pathology (left lung) * Bat's wings appearance - Pulmonary oedema * Pruned tree appearance (of pulmonary circulation) - Pulmonary artery hypertension Lungs * Ground glass appearance - Hyaline membrane disease * Solitary pulmonary mass lesion > 4cms - is most commonly due to - Bronchial adenoma * Honey Comb appearance - o SarcoidosisQ o Histiocytosis XQ o Interstitial lung diseaseQ o TuberculosisQ o Collagen disordersQ o PneumoconiosisQ o Drugs - bleomycin, busulphan, melphalan, cyclophosphamide * Meniscus sign / Crescent sign (mobile mass in pulmonary cavity) is most commonly seen in - Aspergilloma (fungal ball lesion) * Egg-Shell calcification - SilicosisQ , SarcoidosisQ , Coal miner's pneumoconiosisQ, Lymphoma following radiotherapyQ * Pop-corn calcification / Craggy pop-corn calcification - Pulmonary Hamartoma * Pleural calcification - commonest cause is - Tuberculosis (Asbestosis) * Diaphragmatic Pleura calcification - is due to - Asbestosis * Calcification in a pulmonary metastasis - is most commomly due to - Osteosarcoma * Coin shadow in the lung (single), with calcification in the centre - Epidermoid carcinoma * For radiologically evident pleural effusion - the minimal amount of pleural fluid that should be present is - 250 ml * Plethoric lung fields - seen in - L-R shunts ( VSD, PDA, ASD) * Oligemic lung fields - Pulmonary atreisa, Stenosis; Ebstein's anomaly * Perihilar fluffy opacities - seen in - Pulmonary venous hypertension Ribs * Superior surface notch of ribs - seen in - Hyperparathyroidsm, Neurofibromatosis, Connective tissue disorders * Inferior surface notch of ribs - seen in - Coarctation of Aorta, SVC obstruction, Chest wall AV fistula, Aortic Thrombosis, * Unilateral notching of ribs - Coarctation of Left subclavian artery, Subclavian artery block, Blalock-Taussig Operation Others * Displacement of tracheal shadow - most common cause is - Thyroid swelling * Water Lily sign - Ruptured hydatid cyst