You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Wilson's disease is diagnosed by? and explain in detail?
ANSWER: (C) Increased urinary copper excretionREF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed> Chapter 354. Wilson Disease >Useful Tests for Wilson DiseaseTestUsefulnessNormal ValueIn Heterozygous CarriersIn Wilson DiseaseSerumceruloplasmin+180-350 mg/LLow in 20%Low in 90%KF rings++AbsentAbsentPresent in 99% + if neurologic or psychiatric symptoms present.Present in 30-50% in hepatic presentation and presymptomatic state24-h urine Cu+++0.3-0.8 mol (20-50) gNormal to 1.3 mol (80 g)>1.6 mol (>100 g) in symptomatic patients 0.9 to >1.6 mol (60 to >100 g) in presymptomatic patientsLiver Cu++++0.3-0.8 mol/g (20-50 g) tissueNormal to 2.0 mol (125 g)>3.1 mol (>200 g) (obstructive liver disease can cause false-positive results)Haplotypeanalysis++++(Siblings only0 Matches1 Match2 Matches