You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Natural method of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria includes:
(A)Electroporation
(B)Transduction
(C)Transformation
(D)Conjugation
(E)Mutation and explain in detail?
ACTINOMYCES
Morphology
o Gram positive
o Non motile
o Non sporing
o Non-acid fast
o Non-capsulated
o Filaments that break up into bacillary and coccoid elements.
Pathogenesis
o Actinomyces are members of normal oral flora and are often cultured from bronchi, GI. tract, and the
female genital tract.
o Actinomycosis in human beings is an endogenous infection.
o The critical step in the development of actinomycosis is disruption of mucosal barrier.
o Foreign bodies appear to facilitate infection. This association most frequently involves IUCD.
Clinical manifestations
o Young males (10-30 years) are most commonly affected
o Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infection. It is characterized by the development of
indurated swellings, suppuration and the discharge of sulphur granules.