You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Normal anion gap is seen in all except and explain in detail?
Ans: b) Methanol poisoning (Ref: Harrison 17th edition/ Page 291-292)Anion gap is the measure of unmeasured anions.AG = Na+-Normally anions = cationsAny increase in anions other than Cl- or HCO3- will cause decrease in Cl- or HCO2 so that total anions is same in quantity. Eg increase in acetate, lactate, methanol, phosphate, albumin will increase AGDecrease in unmeasured cation (Ca++, Mg++ K+) will also have same result - increase AGExample of high anion gap acidosis:Lactic acidosis, Ketoacidosis, Ethylene glycol, Methanol, Salicylates, and Renal failure.Normal anion gap: 10-12 mmol/LNormal anion gap acidosis:Loss of HCO3- from GIT or kidney will result in reciprocal change in - No change in anion gap ( and vice versa)Eg : 1) RTA/ Ureterosigmoidoscpy/CaCl,2) Renal failure with drug induced hyperkalemia3) Cation exchange resins