You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is MAC stands for? and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Minimum alveolar concentration Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)* Most important measure of potency is minimal alveolar concentration (MAC). MAC is the lowest concentration of the anesthetic in pulmonary alveoli needed to produce immobility in response to a painful stimulus (surgical incision) in 50% individuals. Higher the MAC, less potent the anesthetic agent.* Methoxyflurane has minimum MAC (0.16%) - The most potent inhalational agent.* N2O has maximum MAC (105) - The least potent inhalational agent.* Order of potency in decreasing order (MAC in increasing order): -* Methoxyflurane (MAC = 0.16 %) > Trilene (MAC = 0.2%) > Halothane (MAC = 0.74%) > Chloroform (MAC = 0.8 %) > Isoflurane (MAC = 1.15 %) > Enflurane (MAC = 1.68%) > Ether (MAC = 1.92 %) > Sevoflurane (MAC = 2.0 %)> Desflurane (MAC = 6.0%) > Cyclopropane (MAC = 9.2%) > N20 (MAC 104%).Factor affecting MAC1. Age: - Young age increases and old age decreases MAC.2. Alcohol: - Chronic intoxication increases and acute intoxication decreases MAC.3. Temperature: - Both hypothermia and hyperthermia decrease MAC.4. Electrolyte: - Hypercalcemia, Hypermagnesemia & Hyponatremia decrease. Whereas hypernatremia increases MAC.5. Anemia : - Decrease MAC6. Hypoxia (pO2 < 40), and hypercarbia (pCO2 > 95) decrease MAC.7. Pregnancy: - Decreases MAC8. Drugs: -A. Decreasing MAC - Local anaesthetics (except cocaine) Opioids, Ketamine, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Verapamil, Lithium, Sympatholytics (Methyldopa, reserpine, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine), Chronic amphetamine use.B. Increasing MAC: - Acute amphetamine intake, Cocaine, ephedrine.