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What is Argentine hemorrhagic fever and explain in detail?
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) or OHiggins disease, also known in Argentina as mal de los rastrojos (stubble disease) is a hemorrhagic fever and zoonotic infectious disease occurring in Argentina. It is caused by the Junín virus (an arenavirus, closely related to the Machupo virus, causative agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever). Its vector is the drylands vesper mouse, a rodent found in Argentina and Paraguay.

Epidemiology
The disease was first reported in the town of OHiggins in Buenos Aires province, Argentina in 1958, giving it one of the names by which it is known. Various theories about its nature were proposed: it was Weils disease, leptospirosis, caused by chemical pollution. It was associated with fields containing stubble after the harvest, giving it another of its names.
The endemic area of AHF covers approximately 150,000 km2, compromising the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe and La Pampa, with an estimated risk population of 5 million.
The vector, a small rodent known locally as ratón maicero ("maize mouse"; Calomys musculinus), has chronic asymptomatic infection, and spreads the virus through its saliva and urine. Infection is produced through contact of skin or mucous membranes, or through inhalation of infected particles. It is found mostly in people who reside or work in rural areas; 80% of those infected are males between 15 and 60 years of age.

Clinical aspects
AHF is a grave acute disease which may progress to recovery or death in 1 to 2 weeks. The incubation time of the disease is between 10 and 12 days, after which the first symptoms appear: fever, headaches, weakness, loss of appetite and will. These intensify less than a week later, forcing the infected to lie down, and producing stronger symptoms such as vascular, renal, hematological and neurological alterations. This stage lasts about 3 weeks.
If untreated, the mortality of AHF reaches 15–30%