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What is Tomato ketchup retina is seen in and explain in detail?
(Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 271 - 272)Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)FeaturesNon-Ischemic CRVO Ischemic CRVO Epidemiology Most common (75%)Moderate visual acuity lossLess common (25%)Severe visual acuity lossPathogenesis Slight RAPD with mild touosity & dilatation of retinal veins Marked RAPD with severe touosity & engorgement of retinal veins Fundus finding Hemorrhages Dot blot & Flame shaped in all 4 quadrants & most numerous in periphery Extensive retinal hemorrhages (Blood & Thunder fundus)Cotton wool spots Few Numerous Disc & Macular edema Mild Severe with hyperemia Fundus Fluorescein Angiography Venous stasis Masking of retinal vascular bed by retinal hemorrhages & extensive area of capillary nonperfusion Prognosis Good Poor Management Treat predisposing factor Pan retinal photocoagulation