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What is Internal anal sphincter is a apa of: and explain in detail?
Involuantry internal anal sphincter is formed by thickening of circular muscle layer (i.e. circular layer of muscularis externa, a smooth muscle) of upper end (2/3 or 3/4) of anal canal. This sphincter remains in the state of tonic contraction most of the time to maintain resting tone or pressures (-90 cm H20) & to prevent leakage of fluid or flatus. Its contraction (tonus) is maintained by sympathetic fibers from superior rectal (periaerial) and hypogastric plexuses; and inhibited (i.e. sphincter relaxed) by parasympathetic pelvic NERVES. Ref: Gray&;s anatomy text book of anatomy BD chaurasia 21st Ed.