You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Groove sign: and explain in detail?
Ans. b (LGV) (Ref. IADVL 2nd edition, 1466-1469)LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM# Sexually transmitted disease of lymph channels caused by Chlamydia trachomatis type L1,L2 and L3.# Characterized by a small fleeting primary lesion followed by the development of suppurative regional lymphadenopathy.# Inguinal syndrome or bubo is characterized by inflammatory swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes and their corresponding tributaries and branches.# Enlargement of the femoral lymph nodes is observed in about 20% of cases.# When these and the inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged, they are separated by Poupart's ligament,producing a groove- "Groove sign of Greenblatt" - it is pathognomonic of LGV.# Other features:- Proctocolitis,- Ramrod penis,- Prostatitis,- Seminal vesiculitis,- Epididymoorchitis,- Urethral stricture,- Genital elephantiasis,- Vaginal stenosis- Urethral strictures.- Anal fissures and strictures.- Hepatitis, endocarditis, arthritis, pneumonitis, spondilytis, erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme.# Diagnosis:1. Serological tests: complement fixation test, micro immunofluorescence test and single L-type immunofluorescence test2. Histologic identification:Giemsa-Romanowskv stain3. Isolation: inoculation into mouse brain, yolk sac or tissue culture4. Frei test# Rx:- Tetracycline 500 mg qid for 2-3 weeks- Doxycycline 100 mg bd for 2-3 weeks- For pregnant and children below 8 yrs erythromycin is given.Educational Points:# Tzanck test: Pemphigus# Tzanck smear: Herpes# Tzanck cell: Keratinocyte