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What is Chilblains and explain in detail?
Chilblains, also known as pernio, is a medical condition in which damage occurs to capillary beds in the skin, most often in the hands or feet, when blood perfuses into the nearby tissue resulting in redness, itching, inflammation, and possibly blisters.  It occurs most frequently when predisposed individuals, predominantly women, are exposed to cold and humidity. Ulcerated chilblains are referred to as kibes. Temperature-related chilblains can be prevented by keeping the feet and hands warm in cold weather and avoiding exposing these areas to extreme temperature changes. Once  the  diagnosis  of  chilblains is made, first-line treatment includes avoiding cold, damp environments and wearing gloves and warm socks.Chilblains can be idiopathic (spontaneous and unrelated to another disease), but similar symptoms may also be a manifestation of another serious medical condition that must be investigated. Related medical conditions include Raynaud syndrome, erythromelalgia, frostbite, and trench foot, as well as connective tissue diseases such as lupus or vasculitis. In infants affected by Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (a rare inherited condition which affects the nervous system) chilblain-like symptoms occur together with severe neurologic disturbances and unexplained fevers.

Signs and symptoms
The areas most affected are the toes, fingers, earlobes, nose.
Blistering of affected area
Burning and itching sensation in extremities
Dermatitis in extremities
Ulceration (severe cases only)
Erythema (blanchable redness of the skin)
Pain in affected area
Skin discoloration, red to dark blueChilblains caused by exposure to low temperatures usually heal within 7–14 days.

Prevention
Exposure
Keep affected area warm, and avoid any extreme temperature changes (including very hot water).
Keep affected area dry.
Wear warm shoes, socks and gloves.
Wear a hat and a scarf to protect the ears and the nose.
Avoid tight fitting socks/shoes.

Other
Exercise at least four times a week to improve circulation.
Quit smoking, as it damages circulation.

Treatment
Nifedipine and amlodipine, which are vasodilators in the class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers, may help in some cases