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What is A 48 year old male who has HIV presents with lab repos showing: Low albumin, massive proteinuria, renal ultrasound showing large, echogenic kidneys. Blood pressure is normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause? and explain in detail?
This patient with HIV presents with massive protienuria and hypoalbuminemia, suggestive of HIV-1-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) - A form of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Proteinuria is the hallmark of this disorder. Edema and hypeension are rare. A definitive diagnosis is obtained through renal biopsy. Histologically, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is present in 80%, and mesangial proliferation in 10-15% of cases. Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition