You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Cystoscopic findings in TB bladder are all except and explain in detail?
Bladder tuberculosis is almost always secondary to renal tuberculosis The disease stas at the ureteric opening, the earliest evidence being pallor of the mucosa due to submucosal edema. Subsequently tiny white transluscent tubercles develop all over. Gradually these tubercles enlarge and may ulcerate (but do not cause bladder perforation). These tubercles lend 'cobblestone' appearance on cystoscopy. There is considerable submucous fibrosis which causes diminished capacity of bladder. Scarred & fibrosed, small capacity bladder is k/a thimble bladder. The fibrosis which usually stas around the ureter, contracts to cause a pull at the ureters. This either leads to a stricture or displaced, dilated and rigid wide mouthed ureter k/a golf hole ureters. this almost always leads to ureteral reflux.