You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs): and explain in detail?
Cytotoxic CD8 T cells recognize peptides derived from antigens synthesized within the cell when presented by MHC class I molecules. This mechanism allows presentation of peptides derived from viruses. Also Know: Cytotoxic (cytolytic) T lymphocytes are also specific effectors of the cellular immune response, paicularly against virus-infected cells. In this example, a virus (e.g., influenza virus) is inhaled and infects a cell of the respiratory tract. Viral envelope glycoproteins appear on the surface of the infected cell in association with class I MHC proteins. A cytotoxic T cell binds its antigen-specific receptor to the viral antigen-class I MHC protein complex and is stimulated to grow into a clone of cells by interleukin-2 produced by helper T cells. These cytotoxic T cells specifically kill influenza virus-infected cells (and not cells infected by other viruses) by recognizing viral antigen-class I MHC protein complexes on the cell surface and releasing perforins that destroy the membrane of the infected cell. Ref: Levinson W. (2012). Chapter 57. Immunity. In W. Levinson (Ed), Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 12e.