You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is An elderly female patient presented with hematuria and on imaging was found to have stage T2 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Which of the following statements about management of her condition is true: and explain in detail?
Cigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts for about 50% of bladder cancers.
Stage T2 implies muscularis propriae invasive disease. The standard treatment for muscle invasive disease is radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (and not cystoscopic fulgration).
Chemotherapy has a role in TCC.


Coming to option `d.'
In stage T2 or muscle invasive TCC, the standard treatment is radical cystectomy. Transurethral resection alone would carry a high likelihood of recurrence. So this option appears to be correct; however, we could not get the exact figures of recurrence.