You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Which marker is increased in amniotic fluid in neural tube defects? and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'a' & 'b' i.e., a fetoprotein & Acetylcholinesterase * In intra embryonic life, neural tube is open at both end and freely communicate with amniotic cavity. Failure of closure of neural tube results in persistent of this communication. This allows excretion of following fetal substances into amniotic cavity -1) Alpha - fetoprotein2) Acetylcholinesterase* These serve as biochemical markers for NTDs for prenatal diagnosis.* In patients with elevated amniotic fluid AFP to differentiate between NTD and abdominal wall defect, acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase are measured.MarkerNeural tube defectAbdominal wall defectAcetylcholinesteraseHighLowPseudocholinesteraseLowHighRatio of Ach/ pseudocholinesterase>0.14<0.14