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What is Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism in and explain in detail?
Congenital hypothyroidism:- The disorder encompasses a spectrum ranging from complete agenesis, paial agenesis to ectopic thyroid. Iodine deficiency is the commonest cause in endemic pas and thyroid dysgenesis is the most common etiology in non endemic areas. Clinical manifestations include hoarse cry, facial puffiness, umbilical hernia, hypotonia, mottling of skin and lethargy. Prolonged jaundice, constipation, and unexplained hypothermia may also indicate hypothyroidism. Open posterior fontanelle is an impoant indicator. History of maternal thyroid disease or ingestion of antithyroid medications enquired. Reference: GHAI essential Paediatrics