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What is A 55-year-old female developed ESRD due to poorly controlled diabetes. She underwent dialysis 2-3 times a week. She was advised for kidney transplant which she received from cadaveric donor. She was put on immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine, cyclosporine, methylprednisolone and anti-thymocyte globulin. Two weeks following the surgery, the patient was discharged on medications. 2 weeks later she presented to emergency with complaints of decreased urine output. On examination, her BP was noted to be 160/95 mm hg. The region of the graft is enlarged and is tender to touch. Lab investigations revealed serum creatinine of 4 mg/dl. Her differential diagnosis includes transplant rejection and drug toxicity. Which drug could be held responsible for the above clinical scenario? and explain in detail?
Cyclosporine: Immunosuppressive agent with efficacy in human organ transplantation treatment of graft-versus-host (GVH) disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treatment of selected autoimmune disorders. Cyclosporine act at an early stage in the antigen receptor-induced differentiation of T cells and blocks their activation. Cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin (immunophilins). Toxicities are numerous and include Nephrotoxicity hypeension, hyperglycemia liver dysfunction hyperkalemia Altered mental status Seizures hirsutism. Cyclosporine uses: Cadaveric transplantation of the kidney, pancreas, and liver, and useful in cardiac transplantation. With methotrexate: Prophylactic regimen to prevent GVH disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Autoimmune disorders Uveitis rheumatoid ahritis psoriasis asthma.