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What is RBC cast is seen in? and explain in detail?
Ans. (d) Rapidly progressive Glomerulo-nephritisRef: Robbiris pathology 9th ed. /912-915* RBC casts are a feature of glomerular damage. Normally < 3 RBC/HPF are going to leak. But in case of glomerular damage the number of RBC in urine will exceed the limit mentioned above and these RBC get impinged on tamm- horsfall protein. The resultant RBC casts can be seen under microscopic examination of urine.* Bladder schistomiasis will cause hematuria and eosinophiluria.* Renal vein thrombosis is a complication of severe dehydration and causes a painful enlarged kidney with hematuria.* Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephritic syndrome and causes proteinuria.Also knowDifferent Renal Casts and conditions where they are seen:* Hyaline cast: MC type; seen in normal individuals in dehydration or vigorous exercise * Muddy brown cast: seen in acute tubular necrosis* Waxy casts: nephritic syndrome* Fatty casts: pathognomonic for high urinary protein nephrotic syndrome.* White blood cell casts: pyelonephritis