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What is Anomalous pulmonary venous connection and explain in detail?
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or anomalous pulmonary venous drainage or anomalous pulmonary venous return) is a congenital defect of the pulmonary veins.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, also known as total anomalous pulmonary venous return, is a rare cyanotic congenital heart defect in which all four pulmonary veins are malpositioned and make anomalous connections to the systemic venous circulation. (Normally, pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium where it can then be pumped to the rest of the body). A patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus or an atrial septal defect must be present, or else the condition is fatal due to a lack of systemic blood flow.In some cases, it can be detected prenatally.There are four variants: Supracardiac (50%): blood drains to one of the innominate veins (brachiocephalic veins) or the superior vena cava; Cardiac (20%), where blood drains into coronary sinus or directly into right atrium; Infradiaphragmatic (20%), where blood drains into portal or hepatic veins; and a mixed (10%) variant.TAPVC can occur with obstruction, which occurs when the anomalous vein enters a vessel at an acute angle and can cause pulmonary venous hypertension and cyanosis because blood cannot enter the new vein as easily.

Signs and symptoms
right ventricular heave
Loud S1
fixed split S2
S3 gallop
systolic ejection murmur at left upper sternal border
cardiomegaly
right axis deviation on ECG
Snowman sign or figure of 8 configuration on chest radiograph
right ventricular hypertrophy
cyanosis, tachypnea, dyspnea since the overloaded pulmonary circuit can cause pulmonary edema
Cottage-loaf sign, that is, chest X-ray appearance similar to a cottage loaf, also known as the snow man sign or figure of 8 sign.

Treatment
In TAPVC without obstruction, surgical redirection can be performed within the first month of life. The operation is performed under general anesthesia