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What is A young man following RTA presented with proptosis and pain in the right eye after four days. On examination, there is a bruise on the forehead and right eye. What is the diagnosis - and explain in detail?
Common causes of proptosis associated with craniofacial trauma are:-

1) Carotid-cavernous fistula
ii) Retrobulbar hematoma
iii) Superior orbital fissure and orbital apex syndrome

Rare causes are:-


Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Subperiosteal hematoma


So, amongst the given options carotico-cavernous fistula is the only common cause.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis may also occur after trauma. But, trauma is a very rare cause of CST. It usually develops as complication of extension of infection from the adjacent sinus, teeth, ear, nose etc.