You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is All of the following agents are used in the treatment of alcohol dependence, EXCEPT: and explain in detail?
Medical treatment of alcohol dependence involves administration of drugs such as Disulfiram, Naltrexone and Acamprosate. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and has no role in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Disulfiram is used as an aversive drug to discourage alcohol use. It acts by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase, resulting in toxic reactions when alcohol is consumed. Naltrexone an opiate antagonist, is useful in lowering relapse rates over the 3-6 months after cessation of drinking. It works by lessening the pleasurable effects of alcohol. Naltrexone is FDA-approved for maintenance therapy. Acamprosate is used to reduce craving and maintain abstinence, and can be continued even during periods of relapse. Ref: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2012, chapter 25.