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What is Bronchoscopy visualizes all except: and explain in detail?
Carina - midline paition between the two bronchi is the first endobronchial landmark during bronchoscopy. Subcarinal lymph nodes cannot be visualized on bronchoscopy but widening of carina is suggestive of subcarnial lymphadenopathy, and pulsations of the carina may be seen in aneurysm of arch of aoa Rest all structures viz. vocal cord, trachea and first segmental subdivision of bronchi can be visualized. Also: Rigid bronchoscope visualises only up to segmental bronchus while it is possible to inspect the 2nd to 5th order subsegmental bronchi or beyond using the flexible bronchoscope.