You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is A 65 year old male smoker presents with gross total painless hematuria. The most likely diagnosis is: and explain in detail?
Answer is A (Carcinoma of urinary bladder) : "Painless haematuria is by Jar the most common symptom and should be regarded as indicative of bladder carcinoma unless proven otherwise." - Bailey The patient in question is 65 years of age and a smoker, both fa. ctors being predisposition to bladder carcinomas and presenting with the most common symptom of painless haematuria thus almost deliniating the diagnosis. Some facts about Bladder Carcinoma : Most common type of bladder carcinoma : Transitional cell carcinoma Most common type in areas where bilharzia is endemic - Pure Squamous cell Most common type arising from urachal remnant - Primary adenocarcinoma. Predisposing factors that have been asked : Tumors of urothelium i.e. Pelvis, ureter and bladder are most commonly Transitional cell carcinomas. But tumors of urethra are most commonly - squamous cell carcinomas. Naphthylamine / Aniline dyes Phenacctin exposure Cigarettte smoking Cyclophosphamide exposure Bilharzia Tyre, Rubber, cable and Dye industries