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What is Lansoprazole and explain in detail?
Lansoprazole, sold under the brand name Prevacid among others, is a medication which reduces stomach acid. It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. Effectiveness is similar to other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It is taken by mouth. Onset is over a few hours and effects last up to a couple of days.Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, and nausea. Serious side effects may include osteoporosis, low blood magnesium, Clostridium difficile infection, and pneumonia. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. It works by blocking H+/K+-ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach.Lansoprazole was patented in 1984 and came into medical use in 1992. It is available as a generic medication. In 2017, it was the 188th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Lansoprazole is used for treatment of:
Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, and NSAID-induced ulcers
Helicobacter pylori infection, alongside antibiotics (adjunctive treatment), treatment to kill H. pylori causing ulcers or other problems involves using two other drugs besides lansoprazole known as "triple therapy", and involves taking twice daily for 10 or 14 days lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Zollinger–Ellison syndromeThere is no good evidence that it works better than other PPIs.

Side effects
Side effects of PPIs in general and lansoprazole in particular may include:
Common: diarrhea, abdominal pain
Infrequent: dry mouth, insomnia, drowsiness, blurred vision, rash, pruritus
Rarely and very rarely: taste disturbance, liver dysfunction, peripheral oedema, hypersensitivity reactions (including bronchospasm, urinary, angioedema, anaphylaxis), photosensitivity, fever, sweating, depression, interstitial nephritis, blood disorders (including leukopenia, leukocytosis, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia), arthralgia, myalgia, skin reactions including (erythroderma, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullous eruption)PPIs may be associated with a greater risk of hip fractures and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.: 22

Interactions
Lansoprazole interacts with several other drugs, either due to its own nature or as a PPI.
PPIs reduce absorption of antifungals (itraconazole and ketoconazole)  and possibly increase digoxin in plasma
Increases plasma concentrations of cilostazol (risk of toxicity)Lansoprazole possibly interacts with, among other drugs:

sucralfate
ampicillin
bisacodyl
clopidogrel
delavirdine
fluvoxamine
iron salts
voriconazole
aminophylline and theophylline
astemizole

Chemistry
It is a racemic 1:1 mixture of the enantiomers dexlansoprazole and levolansoprazole. Dexlansoprazole is an enantiomerically pure active ingredient of a commercial drug as a result of the enantiomeric shift. Lansoprazoles plasma elimination half-life (1.5 h) is not proportional to the duration of the drugs effects to the person (i.e