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What is A 2 years old child comes with one-year h/o of generalised oedema. His B.P. is 107/70mm urine examination shows hyaline cast, proteinuria +++, WBC & RBC are nil. the likely diagnosis is – and explain in detail?
It is a case of nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease (MCD).
MCD is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children*

Microscopic findings of urine in MCD
Proteinuria

Principally albumin (which is a low molecular weight protein)
High molecular weight proteins are seen in minimal amounts.
This type of proteinuria is known as selective proteinuria.
WBC → Absent
RBC → Absent
the hyaline cast → can be seen
Focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis can also cause nephrotic syndrome but the urine examination in these patients will reveal protein, WBC's and RBC's.