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What is The molecule, which is the initiator of cataract formation in the eye lens and whose 1-phosphate derivative is responsible for the liver failure, is and explain in detail?
Galactitol

Galactitol and sorbitol both can cause cataract.
But there is one more information in the question, i.e. 1-phosphate of that metabolic is responsible for the liver failure. Galactose-1-phosphate cause liver failure in galactosemia.
So, the examiner is asking about cataract in galactose