You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Following acute pharyngitis, a patient was on broad spectrum antibiotics. One week later he developed watery diarrhoea with a foul odour and abdominal cramps. Antibiotic induced colitis is confirmed. What is the most common cause of antibiotic induced colitis? and explain in detail?
Clostridium difficile is the major known cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. The organism elaborates at least four toxins, including toxin A (an enterotoxin) and toxin B (a cytotoxin). Symptoms and signs include diarrhea, which is usually watery, occasionally bloody, and has a characteristic foul odor; abdominal cramps; vomiting; fever; and leukocytosis. Demonstration of C difficile cytotoxin in the stool is sensitive and specific. Ref: Chang G.J., Shelton A.A., Welton M.L. (2010). Chapter 30. Large Intestine. In G.M. Dohey (Ed), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery, 13e.