You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is A characteristic electron microscopic feature of minimal change disease: and explain in detail?
Ans. c (Fusion of foot processes & their effacement). (Ref. Robbin's pathologic basis of disease, 5th /935)GLOMERULAR PATHOLOGYGlomerular pathologyFeaturesAcute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis# Nephritic syndrome# Most frequently seen in children.# Resolves spontaneously.# Peripheral and periorbital edema, hematuria, hypertension Oliguria, azotemia.LM: Glomeruli and hypercellular neutrophils, "lumpy-bumpy".EM": subepithelial humps.IF: granular patternRapidly progressive (crescentic) GNRapid course to renal failure.LM and IF: crescent moon shapeGoodpasture's syndrome (type II hypersensitivity)--Hemoptysis, hematuria.IF; linear pattern, anti-GBM antibodies.Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritisSlowly progresses to renal failureEM: subendothelial humps, "tram track".IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)Mild disease. Often postinfectious.IF and EM: mesangial deposits of IgAAlport's syndromeSplit basement membraneCollagen IV mutation.Nerve deafness and ocular disordersNephrotic syndromeMassive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia,Peripheral and periorbital edema, hyperlipidemia.Membranous glomerulonephritisA common cause of the adult nephrotic syndromeLM: Diffuse capillary and basement membrane thickening.IF: granular pattern.EM: "spike and dome"Minimal change disease(lipoid nephrosis)Most common cause of childhood nephrotic syndrome. Responds to steroids.LM: normal glomeruli.EM; foot process effacementFocal segmental glomerular sclerosisMore severe disease in HIV patientsLM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis.Diabetic nephropathyLM: Kimmelstiel- Wilson "wire loop" lesions, basement membrane thickening.SLELM: In membranous glomerulonephritis.Wire-loop lesion with subendothelial deposits