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What is Brachydactyly type D and explain in detail?
Brachydactyly type D, also known as short thumb or stub thumb and inaccurately referred to as clubbed thumb, is a condition clinically recognised by a thumb being relatively short and round with an accompanying wider nail bed. The distal phalanx of affected thumbs is approximately two-thirds the length of full-length thumbs. It is the most common type of brachydactyly, or shortness of digits, affecting approximately 2–3% of the population, and is associated with the HOXD13 gene, located on chromosome 2q31.1

Physiology
Brachydactyly type D is a skeletal condition which exhibits a partial fusion or premature closing of the epiphysis with the distal phalanx of the thumb, according to Goodman et alia (1965). J.K. Breithenbecher (1923) found that distal phalanges of stub thumbs were one-half the length of full-length thumbs, while R.M. Stecher (1957) claimed that it is approximately two-thirds