You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Transmission of cholera is through - and explain in detail?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Cholerao Cholera is caused by a gram-negative toxin (enterotoxin) producing bacteria, vibrio cholerae. Cholera toxin acts through cAMP in the intestine to cause secretory diarrhea,o V. cholerae causing infections are divided into two biotypes :ClassicalEl Toro Both of which are further subdivided into three serotypes :i) Ogawaii) Inabaiii) Hikojimao Ogawa serotype of E-l Tor biotype is the most common one in India. But according the recent reports, El Tot- Hybrid subtype has become the most common subtype in India,o Man is the only reservoir. The immediate source of infection are the stools and vomits of cases and carrier. Infection is acquired through fecalty contaminated water or food. Chlorination of water is effective against V. cholerae.o The continuous transmission, involving mild and asymptomatic cases, is the most important mechanism in sustaining cholera during inter-epidemic period.o Most susceptible blood group to cholera is 'O' followed by B>A>AB.o There are following tyes of carrier in cholera.Incubatory : Shed vibrios only in the brief incubation period of 1-5 days.Convalescent: Shed vibrios for 2-3 weeks.Healthy or contact carrier : Has had subclinical infection and shed vibrios for less than 10 days.Chronic carriers : Can shed vibrios for months or years and may have persistent infection in gall bladder.