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What is Not a tumor marker and explain in detail?
Ans. d (Alpha-1 antitrypsin). (Ref. Robbins, Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th/pg.325) Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Blood Levels as Indicator for the Efficacy of Cancer Treatment Ref- Our data came to confirm this suggestion and to strongly conclude that the measurement of a1-AT blood levels during the course of cancer treatment has a valuable clinical significance as an indicator for the efficacy of treatment. Tumor markers Malignancy 1 AFP (5-fetoprotein) - Normally made by fetus. - Hepatocellular carcinomas. - Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (e.g., yolk sac tumor). 2 b-hCG - Hydatidiform moles, - Choriocarcinomas, and - Gestational trophoblastic tumors. 3 Inhibin - Granulosa cell tumor 4 CEA - Nonspecific but produced by 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers; - Also produced by gastric and breast carcinomas. 5 Ca 125 - Malignant Epithelial ovarian tumors 6 PSA - Ca prostate 7 TRAP (Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) - Hairy cell leukemia (a B-cell neoplasm) 8 b2-Macroglobulin - Multiple myeloma 9 VMA - Pheochromocytoma 10 5-HT - Carcinoid tumor 11 5-HIAA - Carcinoid tumor 12 LDH - GCT, seminoma 13 CA-19-9 - Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 14 Bombesin - Neuroblastoma, lung and gastric cancer. 15 Alkaline phosphatase - Metastases to bone, - Obstructive biliary disease, - Paget's disease of bone. 16 S-100 - Melanoma, neural tumors, astrocytomas.