You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
What is Causes of polyhydraminos include:a) Diabetes mellitusb) Preeclampsiac) Esophageal atresiad) Renal agenesise) Anencephaly and explain in detail?
Friends, for a second - let’s forget the lists of conditions leading to Oligohydramnios/Polyhydramnios (This happens quite often in exams).
Let’s reason out each option one by one.
Option “a” Diabetes mellitus
We all know polyhydramnios is a complication of maternal diabetes.
Pathophysiology:
Maternal hyperglycemia
↓
Fetal hyperglycemia
↓
Polyuria (of fetus) and osmotic diuresis
↓
Polyhydramnios (Option “a” is correct)
Option “b” Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia
↓
Decreased uteroplacental circulation
↓
Decreased fetal renal blood flow
↓
Decrease urine production by fetus
↓
Oligohydramnios
Option “c” Esophageal atresia
We all know - Amniotic fluid is kept in balance with the rate of production, by fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid.
In case of oesophageal atresia
↓
Decrease fetal swallowing
↓
i.e., Decrease absorption
↓
Polyhydramnios (option “c” is correct)
Same is the case with congenital diaphragmatic hernia/Facial clefts/Neck masses.
Option “d” Renal agenesis
Renal agenesis
↓
Decrease urine production
↓
Oligohydramnios (Option “d” is incorrect)
Same holds good for posterior urethral value in males.
Option “e” Anencephaly
In anencephaly (or meningomyelocele or spina bifida)
↓
Meninges are exposed
↓
Increase transudation of fluid from exposed meninges
↓
Polyhydramnios (Option “e” is correct)
So friends, it is not essential to mug up most of the causes of oligo/polyhydramnios.
Some causes which need to mugged up are: