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What is In iron deficiency anemia, which of the following are seen in peripheral blood smear? and explain in detail?
|TIBC, |Ferritin "A low serum iron & Ferritin with an elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC) are diagnostic of iron deficiency." Iron deficiency anemia: * Iron deficiency is the single most prevalent deficiency state in the world. * An adult male absorbs & loses about l mg of iron from a diet containing 10-20 mg of iron daily. * During child bearing years, an adult female loses an average of 2 mg of iron daily & must absorb a similar quantity of iron in order to maintain equilibrium. * Growing children must obtain approx. 0.5 mg more iron daily. Plummer Vinson syndrome: * Is one of the manifestations of iron deficiency anemia. * It was described under the term "Hysterical Dysphagia" * This condition predisposes to development of carcinoma in the upper alimentary canal. * It is thought that the depletion of iron dependent oxidative enzymes may produce myasthenic changes in the muscles involved in swallowing mechanism, atrophy of the esophageal mucosa, & formation of webs as mucosal complications. Clinical manifestations: * Plummer Vinson syndrome occurs chiefly in females of 4th -5th decade of life. * Presenting symptoms of anemia & the syndrome are cracks, or fissures at the corner of the mouth (angular chielitis), a lemon tinted pallor of the skin. * A smooth, red painful tongue with atrophy of Filliform & later fungiform papillae. * There is dysphagia limited to solid foods, resulting from an esophageal stricture or web. * Koilonychia (spoon shaped fingernails) or nails that are brittle & break easily have been repoed in many patients. * Splenomegaly has also been repoed in 20-30% patients. Treatment: It responds well to iron therapy & a high protein diet.