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What is What are the TOP 10 TAKE-HOME MESSAGES FOR THE PRIMARYPREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE? and explain in detail?
TOP 10 TAKE-HOME MESSAGES FOR THE PRIMARYPREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE1. The most important way to prevent atheroscleroticvascular disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation isto promote a healthy lifestyle throughout life.2. A team-based care approach is an effective strategyfor the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clinicians should evaluate the social determinants ofhealth that affect individuals to inform treatmentdecisions.Arnett et al. JACC VOL. 74, NO. 10, 20192019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease SEPTEMBER 10, 2019:e177 - 232e1783. Adults who are 40 to 75 years of age and are beingevaluated for cardiovascular disease prevention shouldundergo 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) risk estimation and have a clinician-patientrisk discussion before starting on pharmacologicaltherapy, such as antihypertensive therapy, a statin, oraspirin. In addition, assessing for other risk-enhancingfactors can help guide decisions about preventive interventions in select individuals, as can coronary arterycalcium scanning.4. All adults should consume a healthy diet that emphasizes the intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, wholegrains, lean vegetable or animal protein, and fish andminimizes the intake of trans fats, red meat and processed red meats, refined carbohydrates, and sweetened beverages. For adults with overweight andobesity, counseling and caloric restriction are recommended for achieving and maintaining weight loss.5. Adults should engage in at least 150 minutes per weekof accumulated moderate-intensity physical activityor 75 minutes per week of vigorous-intensity physicalactivity.6. For adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, lifestylechanges, such as improving dietary habits andachieving exercise recommendations, are crucial. Ifmedication is indicated, metformin is first-line therapy, followed by consideration of a sodium-glucosecotransporter 2 inhibitor or a glucagon-like peptide-1receptor agonist.7. All adults should be assessed at every healthcare visitfor tobacco use, and those who use tobacco should beassisted and strongly advised to quit.8. Aspirin should be used infrequently in the routineprimary prevention of ASCVD because of lack of netbenefit.9. Statin therapy is first-line treatment for primary prevention of ASCVD in patients with elevated lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels ($190 mg/dL),those with diabetes mellitus, who are 40 to 75 years ofage, and those determined to be at sufficient ASCVDrisk after a clinician-patient risk discussion.10. Nonpharmacological interventions are recommendedfor all adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension. For those requiring pharmacological therapy,the target blood pressure should generally be <130/80mm Hg.