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What is Rhinophyma and explain in detail?
Rhinophyma is a condition causing development of a large, bulbous nose associated with granulomatous infiltration, commonly due to untreated rosacea. The condition is most common in older white males.Colloquial terms for the rhinophyma include "whiskey nose", "gin blossom", "toros nose", and "potato nose".

Signs and symptoms
Rhinophyma is characterised by prominent pores and a fibrous thickening of the nose, sometimes with papules. It is associated with the common skin condition rosacea and it can be classified clinically into 5 grades of increasing severity.

Complications
Tissue thickening may come to cause airway obstruction and impede breathing.Rhynophyma cause psychological distress due to its effect on ones personal appearance and social perceptions of a link with alcoholism.

Causes
Rhinophyma develops in certain individuals with an unknown predisposition from long-standing rosacea which has progressed to a severe form.Although rhinophyma has been commonly presumed to be linked to alcoholism, a direct causal relationship between the condition and excessive alcohol consumption has not been substantiated. Alcohol may cause increased flushing in those affected.

Pathophysiology
Rhinophyma develops in some individuals after long-standing rosacea that has progressed to acne rosacea.Rosacea usually commences in people between the age of 20-30 years. Rosacea begins with facial flushing (pre-rosacea). The nasal skin then thickens and hypervascularises, leading to persistent erythema (vascular rosacea). Papules and pustules then develop, marking the beginning of acne (inflammatory) rosacea. A subset of those affected by acne rosacea go on to develop rhinophyma. Chronic infection is common as the thickened sebaceous fluid traps bacteria.Rhinophyma is characterised by hypertrophy of nasal skin, with hyperplasia and fibrosis of the sebaceous glands and connective tissue. The nasal tip and alae are preferentially affected by the hypertrophy, and the lower portion of the nose is predominantly affected. The underlying bony structure is not affected.The exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying the development of rosacea and rhinophyma is unknown, but a combination of neurovascular and immune disturbance is thought to be involved, causing inflammation, fibrosis, and vascularisation.

Male predisposition
Even though females are more often affected by acne rosacea, they seldom go on to develop rhinophyma