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What is Extra articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is: and explain in detail?
Ans: d (Subcutaneous nodules)Ref: Harrison, 18 ed. pg. 2087* As many as 40% of people may show extra articular manifestations* Usually occur in individuals with high R F positivity of high ACCP.* Rheumatoid nodules seen in upto 20-30% individuals with RA.* Usually periarticular or extensor aspect but can be seen anywhere.Extra articular manifestations in RARespiratoryGastrointestinalPleral effusion with low sugarXerostomiaPneumothoraxParotid enlargementRheumatoid nodule(Kaplan syndrome)DysphagiaInterstitial fibrosisMesentric artery' occlusionPneumoniaRenalPulmonary hypertensionPyelonephritisAnalgesic nephropathyCardiacPericarditis/endocarditisCard iomyopathyMyoca rd ial infarctionAmyloidosisOcularEpisc leritis/scleri tisKerato conjunctivitis siccaConduction defects/cardiac arrhythmiasMitrsl/ aortic incompetenceScleromalacia perforans EarDefective hearing-Ossicular chain involvementNervous systemAtlantoaxial subluxation(Quad ri paresis) Peripheral neuropathyAutonoimic neuropathyMononeuritis multiplexEntrapment neuropathyPyoderma gangrenosumSkinDermal atrophyLeg ulcers/nodules BonesPeriarticular osteoporosis