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3,000 | Right radical nephrectomy and assisted laparoscopic approach. | Nephrology | Nephrectomy - Radical | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right renal mass.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right renal mass.,PROCEDURE: , Right radical nephrectomy and assisted laparoscopic approach.,ANESTHESIA: ,General.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: ,The patient underwent general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. An orogastric was placed and a Foley catheter placed. He was placed in a modified flank position with the hips rotated to 45 degrees. Pillow was used to prevent any pressure points. He was widely shaved, prepped, and draped. A marking pen was used to delineate a site for the Pneumo sleeve in the right lower quadrant and for the trocar sites in the midline just above the umbilicus and halfway between the xiphoid and the umbilicus. The incision was made through the premarked site through the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The aponeurosis of the external oblique was incised in the direction of its fibers. Muscle-splitting incision was made in the internal oblique and transversus abdominis. The peritoneum was opened and the Pneumo sleeve was placed in the usual fashion being sure that no bowel was trapped inside the ring. Then, abdominal insufflation was carried out through the Pneumo sleeve and the scope was passed through the Pneumo sleeve to visualize placement of the trocars in the other two positions. Once this had been completed, the scope was placed in the usual port and dissection begun by taking down the white line of Toldt, so that the colon could be retracted medially. This exposed the duodenum, which was gently swept off the inferior vena cava and dissection easily disclosed the takeoff of the right renal vein off the cava. Next, attention was directed inferiorly and the ureter was divided between clips and the inferior tongue of Gerota fascia was taken down, so that the psoas muscle was exposed. The attachments lateral to the kidney was taken down, so that the kidney could be flipped anteriorly and medially, and this helped in exposing the renal artery. The renal artery had been previously noticed on the CT scan to branch early and so each branch was separately ligated and divided using the stapler device. After the arteries had been divided, the renal vein was divided again using a stapling device. The remaining attachments superior to the kidney were divided with the Harmonic scalpel and also utilized the stapler, and the specimen was removed. Reexamination of the renal fossa at low pressures showed a minimal degree of oozing from the adrenal gland, which was controlled with Surgicel. Next, the port sites were closed with 0 Vicryl utilizing the passer and doing it over the hand to prevent injury to the bowel and the right lower quadrant incision for the hand port was closed in the usual fashion. The estimated blood loss was negligible. There were no complications. The patient tolerated the procedure well and left the operating room in satisfactory condition. | nephrology, renal mass, foley catheter, gerota fascia, muscle-splitting incision, pneumo sleeve, endotracheal, laparoscopic, nephrectomy, orogastric, renal fossa, right lower quadrant, trocar, umbilicus, vena cava, renal, pneumo, radical, |
3,001 | Laparoscopic right partial nephrectomy due to right renal mass. | Nephrology | Nephrectomy - Partial (Laparoscopic ) | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right renal mass.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right renal mass.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Laparoscopic right partial nephrectomy.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, 250 mL.,X-RAYS: , None.,SPECIMENS: , Included right renal mass as well as biopsies from the base of the resection.,ANESTHESIA:, General endotracheal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DRAINS: , Included a JP drain in the right flank as well as a #16-French Foley catheter per urethra.,BRIEF HISTORY: , The patient is a 60-year-old gentleman with a history of an enhancing right renal mass approximately 2 cm in diameter. I had a long discussion with him concerning variety of options. We talked in particular about extirpated versus ablative surgery. Based on his young age and excellent state of health, decision was made at this point to proceed to a right partial nephrectomy laparoscopically. All questions were answered, and he wished to proceed with surgery as planned. Note that the patient does have a positive family history of renal cell carcinoma.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , After acquisition of proper informed consent and administration of perioperative antibiotics, the patient was taken to the operating room and placed supine on the operating table. After institution of adequate general anesthetic via endotracheal rod, he was placed into the right anterior flank position with his right side elevated on a roll and his right arm across his chest. All pressure points were carefully padded, and he was securely taped to the table. Note that sequential compression devices were in place on both lower extremities and were activated prior to induction of anesthesia. His abdomen was then prepped and draped in a standard surgical fashion. Note that a #16-French Foley catheter was in place per urethra as well as an orogastric tube. The abdomen was insufflated at the right lateral abdomen using the Veress needle to a pressure of 15 without incident. We then placed a Visiport 10 x 12 trocar in the right lateral abdomen. With the trocar in place, we were able to place the remaining trocars under direct laparoscopic visualization. We placed three additional trocars. An 11 mm screw type trocar at the umbilicus, a 6 screw type trocar 7 cm in the midline above the umbilicus, and a 10 x 12 trocar to serve as a retractor port approximately 8 cm inferior in the midline.,The procedure was begun by reflecting the right colon by incising the white line of Toldt. The colon was reflected medially, and the retroperitoneum was exposed on that side. This was a fairly superficial lesion, so decision was made in advance to potentially not perform vascular clamping, however, I did feel it important to get high level control prior to proceeding to the partial. With the colon reflected, the duodenum was identified, and it was reflected medially under Kocher maneuver. The ureter and gonadal vein were identified on the right side and elevated. The space between the ureter and the gonadal vein was then developed, and the gonadal vein was dropped elevating only the ureter, and carrying this plane dissection up towards the renal hilum. Once we got up to the renal hilum, we were able to skeletonize the renal hilar vessels partially, and in particular, we did develop some of the upper pole dissection above the level of the hilum to provide for access for a Satinsky clamp or bulldogs. The remainder of the kidney was then freed off its lateral and superior attachments primarily using the Harmonic scalpel and the LigaSure device.,With the kidney free and the hilum prepared, the Gerota fascia was taken down overlying the kidney exposing the renal parenchyma, and using this approach, we were able to identify the 2-cm, right renal mass located in the lower pole laterally. A cap of fat was left overlying this mass. Based on the position of the mass, we performed intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound, which showed the mass to be somewhat deeper than initially anticipated. Based on this finding, I decided to go ahead and clamp the renal hilum during resection. A Satinsky clamp was introduced through the lower most trocar site and used to clamp the renal hilum en bloc. Note that the patient had been receiving renal protection protocol including fenoldopam and mannitol throughout the procedure, and he also received Lasix prior to clamping the renal hilum. With the renal hilum clamped, we did resect the tumor using cold scissors. There was somewhat more bleeding than would be expected based on the hilar clamping; however, we were able to successfully resect this lesion. We also took a biopsy at the base of the resection and passed off the table as a specimen for frozen section. With the tumor resected, the base of the resection was then cauterized using the Argon beam coagulator, and several bleeding vessels were oversewn using figure-of-eight 3-0 Vicryl sutures with lap ties for tensioning. We then placed a FloSeal into the wound and covered it with a Surgicel and held the pressure. We then released the vascular clamp. Total clamp time was 11 minutes. There was minimal bleeding and occlusion of this maneuver, and after unclamping the kidney, the kidney pinked up appropriately and appeared well perfused after removal of the clamp. We then replaced the kidney within its Gerota envelope and closed that with 3-0 Vicryl using lap ties for tensioning. A JP drain was introduced through the right flank and placed adjacent to the kidney and sutured the skin with 2-0 nylon. The specimen was placed into a 10-mm Endocatch bag and extracted from the lower most trocar site after extending it approximately 1 cm. It was evaluated on the table and passed off the table for Pathology to evaluate. They stated that the tumor was close to the margin, but there appeared to be 1-2 mm normal parenchyma around the tumor. In addition, the frozen section biopsies from the base of the resection were negative for renal cell carcinoma. Based on these findings, the lower most trocar site was closed using a running 0 Vicryl suture in the fascia. We then re-insufflated the abdomen and carefully evaluated the entire intraoperative field for hemostasis. Any bleeding points were controlled primarily using bipolar cautery or hemoclips. The area was copiously irrigated with normal saline. The colon was then replaced into its normal anatomic position. The mesentry was evaluated. There were no defects noted. We closed the 10 x 12 lateral most trocar site using a Carter-Thompson closure device with 0-Vicryl. All trocars were removed under direct visualization, and the abdomen was desufflated prior to removal of the last trocar. The skin incisions were irrigated with normal saline and infiltrated with 0.25% Marcaine, and the skin was closed using a running 4-0 Monocryl in subcuticular fashion. Benzoin and Steri-Strips were placed. The patient was returned in supine position and awoken from general anesthetic without incident. He was then transferred to hospital gurney and taken to the postanesthesia care unit for postoperative monitoring. At the end of the case, sponge, instrument, and needle counts were correct. I was scrubbed and present throughout the entire case. | nephrology, renal mass, foley catheter, gerota fascia, jp drain, kocher maneuver, laparoscopic, ligasure device, satinsky clamp, toldt, bulldogs, nephrectomy, renal parenchyma, resection, urethra, vicryl sutures, partial nephrectomy, gonadal vein, renal hilum, satinsky, renal, kidney, hilum, foley, endotracheal, |
3,002 | Left partial nephrectomy due to left renal mass. | Nephrology | Nephrectomy - Partial | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Left renal mass, 5 cm in diameter.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Left renal mass, 5 cm in diameter.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Left partial nephrectomy.,ANESTHESIA: , General with epidural.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , About 350 mL.,REPLACEMENT: , Crystalloid and Cell Savers from the case.,INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY: ,This is a 64-year-old man with a left renal mass that was confirmed to be renal cell carcinoma by needle biopsy. Due to the peripheral nature of the tumor located in the mid to lower pole laterally, he has elected to undergo a partial nephrectomy. Potential complications include but are not limited to,,1. Infection.,2. Bleeding.,3. Postoperative pain.,4. Herniation from the incision.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:, Epidural anesthesia was administered in the holding area, after which the patient was transferred into the operating room. General endotracheal anesthesia was administered, after which the patient was positioned in the flank standard position. A left flank incision was made over the area of the twelfth rib. The subcutaneous space was opened by using the Bovie. The ribs were palpated clearly and the fascia overlying the intercostal space between the eleventh and twelfth rib was opened by using the Bovie. The fascial layer covering of the intercostal space was opened completely until the retroperitoneum was entered. Once the retroperitoneum had been entered, the incision was extended until the peritoneal envelope could be identified. The peritoneum was swept medially. The Finochietto retractor was then placed for exposure. The kidney was readily identified and was mobilized from outside Gerota's fascia. The ureter was dissected out easily and was separated with a vessel loop. The superior aspect of the kidney was mobilized from the superior attachment. The pedicle of the left kidney was completely dissected revealing the vein and the artery. The artery was a single artery and was dissected easily by using a right-angle clamp. A vessel loop was placed around the renal artery. The tumor could be easily palpated in the lateral lower pole to mid pole of the left kidney. The Gerota's fascia overlying that portion of the kidney was opened in the area circumferential to the tumor. Once the renal capsule had been identified, the capsule was scored using a Bovie about 0.5 cm lateral to the border of the tumor. Bulldog clamp was then placed on the renal artery. The tumor was then bluntly dissected off of the kidney with a thin rim of a normal renal cortex. This was performed by using the blunted end of the scalpel. The tumor was removed easily. The argon beam coagulation device was then utilized to coagulate the base of the resection. The visible larger bleeding vessels were oversewn by using 4-0 Vicryl suture. The edges of the kidney were then reapproximated by using 2-0 Vicryl suture with pledgets at the ends of the sutures to prevent the sutures from pulling through. Two horizontal mattress sutures were placed and were tied down. The Gerota's fascia was then also closed by using 2-0 Vicryl suture. The area of the kidney at the base was covered with Surgicel prior to tying the sutures. The bulldog clamp was removed and perfect hemostasis was evident. There was no evidence of violation into the calyceal system. A 19-French Blake drain was placed in the inferior aspect of the kidney exiting the left flank inferior to the incision. The drain was anchored by using silk sutures. The flank fascial layers were closed in three separate layers in the more medial aspect. The lateral posterior aspect was closed in two separate layers using Vicryl sutures. The skin was finally reapproximated by using metallic clips. The patient tolerated the procedure well. | nephrology, renal mass, bovie, finochietto retractor, gerota's fascia, herniation, bulldog clamp, needle biopsy, nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, renal cell carcinoma, retroperitoneum, vicryl suture, gerota's, kidney, partial, renal, sutures, vicryl, |
3,003 | Status post cadaveric kidney transplant with stable function. | Nephrology | Kidney Transplant - Followup | REASON FOR VISIT:, Kidney transplant.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 52-year-old gentleman with ESRD secondary to hypertension, status post kidney transplant in February 2006. He had to back down on his WelChol because of increased backache. He actually increased his Pravachol and is tolerating this with minimal problems. He comes in for followup.,ALLERGIES: , Aspirin and Altace caused cough, Lipitor and Pravachol at higher doses caused myalgias, Zetia caused myalgias.,MEDICATIONS:, Gengraf 125/50 mg daily, CellCept 500 mg q.i.d., acyclovir 800 mg q.i.d., DexFol daily, ferrous sulfate Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, metoprolol 50 mg b.i.d., vitamin C daily, baby aspirin 81 mg daily, Bactrim Single Strength daily, Cozaar 50 mg daily, WelChol 625 mg daily, and Pravachol 10 mg daily.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. ESRD secondary to hypertension.,2. Cadaveric kidney in February 2006.,3. Gunshot wound in Southeast Asia.,4. Hyperlipidemia.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Cardiovascular: No chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, PND or edema. GU: No hematuria, foamy urine, pyuria, frequency or dysuria. He has occasional tingling over his graft, but this is not bothering him today.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, VITAL SIGNS: Pulse 82. Blood pressure is 108/64. Weight is 64.5 kg. GENERAL: He is in no apparent distress. HEART: Regular rate and rhythm. No murmurs, rubs or gallops. LUNGS: Clear bilaterally. ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender, and nondistended. Multiple scars. Right lower quadrant graft is unremarkable. EXTREMITIES: No edema.,LABORATORY DATA:, Labs dated 07-11-06, hematocrit 34.8, sodium 137, magnesium 1.9, potassium 4.9, chloride 102, CO2 25, BUN is 37, creatinine is 1.3, calcium 10.1, phosphorus 3.7, and albumin 4.4. LFTs unremarkable. Cholesterol 221, triglycerides 104, HDL 42, LDL 158, and cyclosporine 163.,IMPRESSION:,1. Status post cadaveric kidney transplant with stable function.,2. Hypertension under excellent control.,3. Hyperlipidemia not at goal. He simply is not tolerating higher doses of medications.,PLAN:,1. We will add over-the-counter fish oil b.i.d.,2. Continue all current medications.,3. Recheck labs today including urinalysis.,4. He will see transplant in two weeks and me in four weeks. We will plan to send urine for decoy cells on his next visit. | nephrology, esrd secondary to hypertension, status post cadaveric kidney transplant, transplant with stable function, cadaveric kidney transplant, secondary to hypertension, stable function, cadaveric kidney, kidney transplant, esrd, hyperlipidemia, edema, cadaveric, welchol, orthopnea, kidney, transplant, |
3,004 | Right hand-assisted laparoscopic cryoablation of renal lesions x2. Lysis of adhesions and renal biopsy. | Nephrology | Laparoscopic Cryoablation | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bilateral renal mass.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Bilateral renal mass.,OPERATION: , Right hand-assisted laparoscopic cryoablation of renal lesions x2. Lysis of adhesions and renal biopsy.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, 100 Ml.,FLUIDS: , Crystalloid.,The patient was bowel prepped and was given preoperative antibiotics.,BRIEF HISTORY: , The patient is a 73-year-old male, who presented to us with a referral from Dr. X's office with bilateral renal mass and renal insufficiency. The patient's baseline creatinine was around 1.6 to 1.7. The patient was found to have a 3 to 4-cm exophytic right renal mass, 1-cm renal mass inferior to that, and about 2-cm left renal mass. Since the patient had bilateral renal disease and the patient had renal insufficiency, the best option at this time had been cryoprocedure for the kidney versus partial nephrectomy, one kidney at a time. The patient understood all his options, had done some research on cryotherapy and wanted to proceed with the procedure. The patient had a renal biopsy done, which showed a possibility of an oncocytoma, which also would indicate that if this is not truly a cancerous lesion, but there is an associated risk of renal cell carcinoma that the patient will benefit from a cryo of the kidney.,Risk of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, pain, hernia, bowel obstruction, ileus, injury to bowel, postoperative bleeding, etc., were discussed. The patient understood the risk of delayed bleeding, the needing for nephrectomy, renal failure, renal insufficiency, etc., and wanted to proceed with the procedure.,DETAILS OF THE OR: ,The patient was brought to the OR. Anesthesia was applied. The patient was given preoperative antibiotics. The patient was bowel prepped. The patient was placed in right side up, left side down, semiflank, with kidney rest up. All the pressure points are very well padded using foam and towels. The left knee was bent and the right knee was straight. There was no tension on any of the joints. All pressure points were well padded. The patient was taped to the table using 2-inch wide tape all the way around. A Foley catheter and OG tube were in place prior to prepping and draping the patient. A periumbilical incision measuring about 6 cm was made. The incision was carried through the subcutaneous tissue through the fascia using sharp dissection. The peritoneum was open. Abdomen was entered. There were some adhesions on the right side of the abdomen, which were released using metz. Two 12-mm ports were placed in the anteroaxillary line and one in the midclavicular line. A gel porter was placed. Pneumoperitoneum was obtained. All ports were placed under direct vision, and the right colon was reflected medially. Duodenum was cauterized. Minimal dissection was done on the hilum and the Gerota's was opened laterally, and the renal masses were clearly visualized all the way around. Pictures were taken. Superficial biopsies were taken of 2 renal lesions using 3 different probes. The 2 lesions were frozen. The 2 probes were 2.4 mm and the other one was 3.1 mm in diameter. So the R3.8 and R2.4 long probes were used. Freezing/thawing, two cycles were done. The temperatures were -131, -137, -150 and the freezing time was 5 and 10 minutes each and passive sign was done. The exact times or exact temperatures are on the chart. There was a nice ice ball with each freezing and with passive sign. The probes were removed.,The probes were placed directly percutaneously through the skin into the renal lesions.,After freezing/thawing, the probes were removed and to seal with Surgicel were placed. Pictures were taken after following total of 20 minutes were spent looking at the renal mass to make sure that there was no delayed bleeding. From the time the probes were removed, until the time the laparoscope was removed, was total of 30 minutes. So the masses were visualized for a total of 30 minutes without any pneumoperitoneum. Pneumoperitoneum was obtained again. Fibrin glue was placed over it just for precautionary measure. There was about a total of 100 mL of blood loss overall with the entire procedure. Please note that towels were used to prep off the colon and the liver to ensure there was no freezing of any other organ. The kidney was kept in the left hand at all times. Careful attention was drawn to make sure that the probe was deep enough, at least 3.5 to 4 cm in, to get the medial aspect of the tumors frozen. The laparoscopic vacuum ultrasound showed that there was complete resolution of these lesions. At the end of the procedure, after freezing/thawing and putting the fibrin glue, Surgicel, and EndoSeal, the colon was reflected medially. Please note that the perirenal fat was placed over the lesion to ensure that the frozen area of the kidney was not exposed to the bowel. Lap count was correct. Please note that renal biopsy for permanent section was performed on the superficial aspect of the lesions. No deeper biopsies were done to minimize the risk of bleeding. The 12-mm ports were closed using 0-Vicryl and the middle incision. The hand-port incision was closed using looped #1 PDS from both sides and was tied in the middle. Please note that the pneumoperitoneum was closed using 0-Vicryl in running fashion. After closing the abdomen, 4-0 Monocryl was used to close the skin and Dermabond was applied.,The patient was brought to recovery in a stable condition. | nephrology, hand-assisted laparoscopic cryoablation, laparoscopic, cryoablation, bilateral renal mass, fibrin glue, laparoscopic cryoablation, renal insufficiency, renal lesions, renal biopsy, renal mass, insufficiency, renal, freezing/thawing, lesions |
3,005 | Left laparoscopic hand-assisted nephrectomy. | Nephrology | Nephrectomy | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left renal mass, left renal bleed.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Left renal mass, left renal bleed.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Left laparoscopic hand-assisted nephrectomy.,ANESTHESIA:, General endotracheal.,EBL: , 100 mL.,The patient had a triple-lumen catheter A-line placed.,BRIEF HISTORY:, The patient is a 54-year-old female with history of diabetic nephropathy, diabetes, hypertension, left BKA, who presented with abdominal pain with left renal bleed. The patient was found to have a complex mass in the upper pole and the lower pole of the kidney. MRI and CAT scan showed questionable renal mass, which could be malignant. Initial plan was to let the patient stabilize for 2 weeks and perform the nephrectomy. At this point, the patient was unable to go home. The patient continually complained of pain. The patient required about 3 to 4 units of blood transfusions prior. The patient initially came in with hemoglobin less than 5. The hemoglobin prior to surgery was 10.,Risks of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, pain, MI, DVT, PE, respiratory failure, morbidity and mortality of the procedure due to her low ejection fraction were discussed. Cardiac clearance was obtained. The patient was high risk, family and the patient knew about the risk. The recommendation from the pulmonologist, cardiologist, and medical team was to get the kidney out at this point because the patient and the family stated that they would not do well at home without any intervention. The patient and family understood all the risks and benefits in order to proceed with the surgery.,DETAILS OF THE PROCEDURE:, The patient was brought to the OR. Anesthesia was applied. The patient had A-line triple-lumen catheter. The patient was placed in left side up, right side down oblique position. All the pressure points were well padded. The right fistula was carefully padded completely around it. Axilla was protected. The fistula was checked throughout the procedure to ensure that it was stable. The arms, ankles, knees, and joints were all padded with foam. The patient was taped to the table using 2-inch wide tape. OG and a Foley catheter were in place. A supraumbilical incision was made about 6 cm in size and incision was carried through the subcutaneous tissue and through the fascia and peritoneum was entered sharply. There were some adhesions where the omentum was into the umbilical hernia, which was completely stuck. The omentum was released out of that just so we could obtain pneumoperitoneum. Pneumoperitoneum was obtained after using GelPort. Two 12-mm ports were placed in the left anterior axillary line, and mid clavicular line. The colon was reflected medially. Kidney was dissected laterally behind and inferiorly. There was large hematoma visualized with significant amount of old blood, which was irrigated out. Dissection was carried superiorly and the spleen was reflected medially. The spleen and colon were all intact at the end of the procedure. They were stable all throughout. Using endovascular GIA stapler, all the medial and lateral dissection was carried through the stapler to ensure that the patient had minimal bleeding due to low cardiac reserve. Hemostasis was obtained. The renal vein and the renal artery were stapled and there was excellent hemostasis.,The dissection was carried lateral to the adrenal and medial to the right kidney. The adrenal was preserved. The entire kidney was removed through the hand port. Irrigation was performed. There was excellent hemostasis at the end of the nephrectomy. Fibrin glue and Surgicel were applied just in case the patient had delayed DIC. The colon was placed back and 12-mm ports were closed under direct palpation using 0 Vicryl. The fascia was closed using loop #1 PDS in a running fashion and was tied in the middle. Please note that prior to the fascial closure, the peritoneum was closed using 0 Vicryl in running fashion. The subcuticular tissue was brought together using 4-0 Vicryl. The skin was closed using 4-0 Monocryl. Dermabond was applied. The patient was brought to the recovery in a stable condition. | nephrology, laparoscopic, nephrectomy, laparoscopic hand assisted nephrectomy, triple lumen catheter, lumen catheter, running fashion, renal mass, renal bleed, dissection, hemostasis, kidney, renal |
3,006 | Laparoscopic lysis of adhesions, attempted laparoscopic pyeloplasty, and open laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Right ureteropelvic junction obstruction, severe intraabdominal adhesions, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. | Nephrology | Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Right ureteropelvic junction obstruction.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Right ureteropelvic junction obstruction.,2. Severe intraabdominal adhesions.,3. Retroperitoneal fibrosis.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:,1. Laparoscopic lysis of adhesions.,2. Attempted laparoscopic pyeloplasty.,3. Open laparoscopic pyeloplasty.,ANESTHESIA:, General.,INDICATION FOR PROCEDURE: ,This is a 62-year-old female with a history of right ureteropelvic junction obstruction with chronic indwelling double-J ureteral stent. The patient presents for laparoscopic pyeloplasty.,PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was taken to the operative suite and administered general anesthetic. The patient was sterilely prepped and draped in the supine fashion after building up the right side of the OR table to aid in the patient's positioning for bowel retraction. Hassan technique was performed for the initial trocar placement in the periumbilical region. Abdominal insufflation was performed. There were significant adhesions noted. A second 12 mm port was placed in the right midclavicular line at the level of the umbilicus and a Harmonic scalpel was placed through this and adhesiolysis was performed for approximately two-and-half hours, also an additional port was placed 12 mm in the midline between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus, an additional 5 mm port in the right upper quadrant subcostal and midclavicular. After adhesions were taken down, the ascending colon was mobilized by incising the white line of Toldt and mobilizing this medially. The kidney was able to be palpated within Gerota's fascia. The psoas muscle caudate to the inferior pole of the kidney was identified and the tissue overlying this was dissected to the level of the ureter. The uterus was grasped with a Babcock through a trocar port and carried up to the level of the ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The renal pelvis was also identified and dissected free. There was significant fibrosis and scar tissue around the ureteropelvic junction obliterating the tissue planes. We were unable to dissect through this mass of fibrotic tissue safely and therefore the decision was made to abort the laparoscopic procedure and perform the pyeloplasty open. An incision was made from the right upper quadrant port extending towards the midline. This was carried down through the subcutaneous tissue, anterior fascia, muscle layers, posterior fascia, and peritoneum. A Bookwalter retractor was placed. The renal pelvis and the ureter were again identified. Fibrotic tissue was able to be dissected away at this time utilizing right angle clamps and Bovie cautery. The tissue was sent down to Pathology for analysis. Please note that upon entering the abdomen, all of the above which was taken down from the adhesions to the abdominal wall were carefully inspected and no evidence of bowel injury was noted. Ureter was divided just distal to the ureteropelvic junction obstruction and stent was maintained in place. The renal pelvis was then opened in a longitudinal manner and excessive pelvis was removed reducing the redundant tissue. At this point, the indwelling double-J ureteral stent was removed. At this time, the ureter was spatulated laterally and at the apex of this spatulation a #4-0 Vicryl suture was placed. This was brought up to the deepened portion of the pyelotomy and cystic structures were approximated. The back wall of the ureteropelvic anastomosis was then approximated with running #4-0 Vicryl suture. At this point, a double-J stent was placed with a guidewire down into the bladder. The anterior wall of the uteropelvic anastomosis was then closed again with a #4-0 running Vicryl suture. Renal sinus fat was then placed around the anastomosis and sutured in place. Please note in the inferior pole of the kidney, there was approximately 2 cm laceration which was identified during the dissection of the fibrotic tissue. This was repaired with horizontal mattress sutures #2-0 Vicryl. FloSeal was placed over this and the renal capsule was placed over this. A good hemostasis was noted. A #10 Blake drain was placed through one of the previous trocar sites and placed into the perirenal space away from the anastomosis. The initial trocar incision was closed with #0 Vicryl suture. The abdominal incision was also then closed with running #0 Vicryl suture incorporating all layers of muscle and fascia. The Scarpa's fascia was then closed with interrupted #3-0 Vicryl suture. The skin edges were then closed with staples. Please note that all port sites were inspected prior to closing and hemostasis was noted at all sites and the fascia was noted to be reapproximated as these trocar sites were placed with the ________ obturator. We placed the patient on IV antibiotics and pain medications. We will obtain KUB and x-rays for stent placement. Further recommendations to follow. | nephrology, retroperitoneal, fibrosis, pyeloplasty, laparoscopic, lysis of adhesions, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, laparoscopic pyeloplasty, ureteropelvic junction, junction, ureteropelvic, intraabdominal, adhesions, |
3,007 | Insertion of left femoral circle-C catheter (indwelling catheter). Chronic renal failure. The patient was discovered to have a MRSA bacteremia with elevated fever and had tenderness at the anterior chest wall where his Perm-A-Cath was situated. | Nephrology | Indwelling Catheter Insertion | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Chronic renal failure.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Chronic renal failure.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:, Insertion of left femoral circle-C catheter.,ANESTHESIA: , 1% lidocaine.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, Minimal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,HISTORY: , The patient is a 36-year-old African-American male presented to ABCD General Hospital on 08/30/2003 for evaluation of elevated temperature. He was discovered to have a MRSA bacteremia with elevated fever and had tenderness at the anterior chest wall where his Perm-A-Cath was situated. He did require a short-term of Levophed for hypotension. He is felt to have an infected dialysis catheter, which was removed. He was planned to undergo replacement of his Perm-A-Cath, dialysis catheter, however, this was not possible. He will still require a dialysis and will require at least a temporary dialysis catheter until which time a long-term indwelling catheter can be established for dialysis. He was explained the risks, benefits, and complications of the procedure previously. He gave us informed consent to proceed.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , The patient was placed in the supine position. The left inguinal region was shaved. His left groin was then prepped and draped in normal sterile fashion with Betadine solution. Utilizing 1% lidocaine, the skin and subcutaneous tissue were anesthetized with 1% lidocaine. Under direct aspiration technique, the left femoral vein was cannulated. Next, utilizing an #18 gauge Cook needle, the left femoral vein was cannulated. Sutures were removed, nonpulsatile flow was observed and a Seldinger guidewire was inserted within the catheter. The needle was then removed. Utilizing #11 blade scalpel, a small skin incision was made adjacent to the catheter. Utilizing a #10 French dilator, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and left femoral vein were dilated over the Seldinger guidewire. Dilator was removed and a preflushed circle-C 8 inch catheter was inserted over the Seldinger guidewire. The guidewire was retracted out from the blue distal port and grasped. The catheter was then placed in the left femoral vessel _______. This catheter was then fixed to the skin with #3-0 silk suture. A mesenteric dressing was then placed over the catheter site. The patient tolerated the procedure well. He was turned to the upright position without difficulty. He will undergo dialysis today per Nephrology. | nephrology, chronic renal failure, femoral circle-c catheter, indwelling catheter, catheter, insertion, seldinger, guidewire, indwelling, femoral, dialysis, |
3,008 | Construction of right upper arm hemodialysis fistula with transposition of deep brachial vein. End-stage renal disease with failing AV dialysis fistula. | Nephrology | Hemodialysis Fistula Construction | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , End-stage renal disease with failing AV dialysis fistula.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , End-stage renal disease with failing AV dialysis fistula.,PROCEDURE: , Construction of right upper arm hemodialysis fistula with transposition of deep brachial vein.,ANESTHESIA: , Endotracheal.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , General endotracheal anesthesia was initiated without difficulty. The right arm, axilla, and chest wall were prepped and draped in sterile fashion. Longitudinal skin incision was made from the lower axilla distally down the medial aspect of the arm and the basilic vein was not apparent. The draining veins are the deep brachial veins. The primary vein was carefully dissected out and small tributaries clamped, divided, and ligated with #3-0 Vicryl suture. A nice length of vein was obtained to the distal one third of the arm. This appeared to be of adequate length to transpose the vein through the subcutaneous tissue to an old occluded fistula vein, which remains patent through a small collateral vein. A transverse skin incision was made over the superior aspect of the old fistula vein. This vein was carefully dissected out and encircled with vascular tapes. The brachial vein was then tunneled in a gentle curve above the bicep to the level of the cephalic vein fistula. The patient was sensible, was then systemically heparinized. The existing fistula vein was clamped proximally and distally, incised longitudinally for about a centimeter. The brachial vein end was spatulated. Subsequently, a branchial vein to arterialized fistula vein anastomosis was then constructed using running #6-0 Prolene suture in routine fashion. After the completion of the anastomosis, the fistula vein was forebled and the branchial vein backbled. The anastomosis was completed. A nice thrill could be palpated over the outflow brachial vein. Hemostasis was noted. A 8 mm Blake drain was placed in the wound and brought out through inferior skin stab incision and ___ the skin with #3-0 nylon suture. The wounds were then closed using interrupted #4-0 Vicryl and deep subcutaneous tissue ___ staples closed the skin. Sterile dressings were applied. The patient was then x-ray'd and taken to Recovery in satisfactory condition. Estimated blood loss 50 mL, drains 8 mm Blake. Operative complication none apparent, final sponge, needle, and instrument counts reported as correct. | nephrology, end-stage renal disease, av dialysis fistula, brachial vein, upper arm hemodialysis fistula, fistula, vein, hemodialysis, av, dialysis, anastomosis, brachial |
3,009 | Acute on chronic renal failure and uremia. Insertion of a right internal jugular vein hemodialysis catheter. | Nephrology | Internal Jugular Vein Catheter Insertion | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Acute on chronic renal failure.,2. Uremia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Acute on chronic renal failure.,2. Uremia.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: ,Insertion of a right internal jugular vein hemodialysis catheter.,ANESTHESIA: , 1% local lidocaine.,BLOOD LOSS: , Less than 5 cc.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,HISTORY: , The patient is a 74-year-old Caucasian male who presents via direct admission for acute on chronic renal failure with uremia. The patient incidentally was in a car accident ten days ago and has been feeling pretty awful since that time. He is slightly short of breath with mild difficulty in breathing. A pre-procedure x-ray was obtained, which showed no pneumothorax. He did have a significant right pleural effusion and a mild left pleural effusion. We decided to insert the catheter on the right side.,PROCEDURE: ,The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. 1% lidocaine was used to anesthetize the area two fingerbreadths above the clavicle just posterior to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and below the external jugular vein. Using the same anesthetic needle, the right internal jugular vein was used to cannulate with good venous blood return. The tract was noted.,The needle was removed and a second #18 gauge thin-walled needle was used along same tract to cannulate the right internal jugular vein also without difficulty and good venous blood return. The syringe was removed and a Seldinger guidewire was inserted through the needle to cannulate the vein also without difficulty. The needle was removed and an #11 blade was used to make a small skin incision provided skin and vein dilators were used. The circle-C 8-inch hemodialysis catheter was then inserted over the guidewire without difficulty. The guidewire was removed. Both of the ports were aspirated venous blood without difficulty and both flushed also without difficulty. The ports were flushed with injectable normal saline secondary to the patient going for dialysis today. Thus, he will not need heparinization of the lines. Again, he tolerated the procedure well. A postoperative x-ray would be obtained to check catheter placement and rule out pneumothorax. | nephrology, uremia, internal jugular vein hemodialysis catheter, pneumothorax, jugular vein, dialysis, chronic renal failure, internal jugular vein, pleural effusion, hemodialysis catheter, renal failure, cannulate, guidewire, insertion, jugular, catheter, hemodialysis, vein |
3,010 | Fogarty thrombectomy, left forearm arteriovenous Gore-Tex bridge fistula and revision of distal anastomosis with 7 mm interposition Gore-Tex graft. Chronic renal failure and thrombosed left forearm arteriovenous Gore-Tex bridge fistula. | Nephrology | Fogarty Thrombectomy | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Chronic renal failure.,2. Thrombosed left forearm arteriovenous Gore-Tex bridge fistula.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,1. Chronic renal failure.,2. Thrombosed left forearm arteriovenous Gore-Tex bridge fistula.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1. Fogarty thrombectomy, left forearm arteriovenous Gore-Tex bridge fistula.,2. Revision of distal anastomosis with 7 mm interposition Gore-Tex graft.,ANESTHESIA:, General with controlled ventillation.,GROSS FINDINGS: , The patient is a 58-year-old black male with chronic renal failure. He undergoes dialysis through the left forearm bridge fistula and has small pseudoaneurysms at the needle puncture sites level. There is narrowing at the distal anastomosis due to intimal hypoplasia and the vein beyond it was of good quality.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the OR suite, placed in supine position. General anesthetic was administered. Left arm was prepped and draped in appropriate manner. A Pfannenstiel skin incision was created just below the antecubital crease just deeper to the subcutaneous tissue. Utilizing both blunt and sharp dissections segment of the fistula was isolated ________ vessel loop. Transverse graftotomy was created. A #4 Fogarty catheter passed proximally and distally restoring inflow and meager inflow. A fistulogram was performed and the above findings were noted. In a retrograde fashion, the proximal anastomosis was patent. There was no narrowing within the forearm graft. Both veins were flushed with heparinized saline and controlled with a vascular clamp. A longitudinal incision was then created in the upper arm just deep into the subcutaneous tissue fascia. Utilizing both blunt and sharp dissection, the brachial vein as well as distal anastomosis was isolated. The distal anastomosis amputated off the fistula and oversewn with continuous running #6-0 Prolene suture tied upon itself. The vein was controlled with vascular clamps. Longitudinal venotomy created along the anteromedial wall. A 7 mm graft was brought on to the field and this was cut to shape and size. This was sewed to the graft in an end-to-side fashion with U-clips anchoring the graft at the heel and toe with interrupted #6-0 Prolene sutures. Good backflow bleeding was confirmed. The vein flushed with heparinized saline and graft was controlled with vascular clamp. The end of the insertion graft was cut to shape in length and sutured to the graft in an end-to-end fashion with continuous running #6-0 Prolene suture. Good backflow bleeding was confirmed. The graftotomy was then closed with interrupted #6-0 Prolene suture. Flow through the fistula was permitted, a good flow passed. The wound was copiously irrigated with antibiotic solution. Sponge, needles, instrument counts were correct. All surgical sites were inspected. Good hemostasis was noted. The incision was closed in layers with absorbable sutures. Sterile dressing was applied. The patient tolerated the procedure well and returned to the recovery room in apparent stable condition. | nephrology, chronic renal failure, thrombosed, gore-tex bridge fistula, arteriovenous, fogarty, thrombectomy, anastomosis, gore tex bridge, fogarty thrombectomy, prolene suture, renal failure, distal anastomosis, bridge fistula, interposition, renal, prolene |
3,011 | Left arm fistulogram. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the proximal and distal cephalic vein. Ultrasound-guided access of left upper arm brachiocephalic fistula. | Nephrology | Fistulogram & Angioplasty | PREPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: , End-stage renal disease.,POSTPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: , End-stage renal disease.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED,1. Left arm fistulogram.,2. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the proximal and distal cephalic vein.,3. Ultrasound-guided access of left upper arm brachiocephalic fistula.,ANESTHESIA:, Sedation with local.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,CONDITION:, Fair.,DISPOSITION:, PACU.,ACCESS SITE:, Left upper arm brachiocephalic fistula.,SHEATH SIZE: , 5 French.,CONTRAST TYPE: , JC PEG tube 70.,CONTRAST VOLUME: , 48 mL.,FLUOROSCOPY TIME: , 16 minutes.,INDICATION FOR PROCEDURE: , This is a 38-year-old female with a left upper arm brachiocephalic fistula which has been transposed. The patient recently underwent a fistulogram with angioplasty at the proximal upper arm cephalic vein due to a stenosis detected on Duplex ultrasound. The patient subsequently was noted to have poor flow to the fistula, and the fistula was difficult to palpate. A repeat ultrasound was performed which demonstrated a high-grade stenosis involving the distal upper arm cephalic vein just distal to the brachial anastomosis. The patient presents today for a left arm fistulogram with angioplasty. The risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure were discussed with the patient and understands and in agreement to proceed.,PROCEDURE DETAILS: ,The patient was brought to the angio suite and laid supine on the table. After sedation was administered, the left arm was then prepped and draped in a standard surgical fashion. Continuous pulse oximetry and cardiac monitoring were performed throughout the procedure. The patient was given 1 g of IV Ancef prior to incision.,The left brachiocephalic fistula was visualized with bevel ultrasound. The cephalic vein in the proximal upper arm region appeared to be of adequate caliber. There was an area of stenosis at the proximal cephalic vein just distal to the brachial artery anastomosis. The cephalic vein in the proximal forearm region was easily compressible. The skin overlying the vessel was injected with 1% lidocaine solution. A small incision was made with the #11 blade. The cephalic vein then was cannulated with a 5 French micropuncture introducer sheath. The sheath was advanced over the wire. A fistulogram was performed which demonstrated a high-grade stenosis just distal to the brachial artery anastomosis. The introducer sheath was then exchanged for a 5 French sheath over a 0.025 guide wire. The sheath was aspirated and flushed with heparinized saline solution. A 0.025 glidewire was then obtained and advanced, placed over the sheath and across the area of stenosis into the brachial artery. A 5 French short Kumpe catheter was used to guide the wire into the distal brachial and radial artery. After crossing the area of stenosis, a 5 x 20 mm standard angioplasty balloon was obtained and prepped from the back table. This was placed over the glidewire into the area of stenosis and inflated to 14 mmHg pressure and then deflated. The balloon was then removed over the wire and repeat fistulogram was performed which demonstrated significant improvement. However, there is still a remainder of residual stenosis. The 5-mm balloon was placed over the wire again and a repeat angioplasty was performed. The balloon was then removed over the wire and a repeat angiogram was performed which demonstrated again an area of stenosis right at the anastomosis. The glidewire was removed and a 0.014 guide wire was then obtained and placed through the sheath and across the brachial anastomosis and into the radial artery. A 4 x 20 mm cutting balloon was obtained and prepped on the back table. The 5 French sheath was then exchanged for a 6 French sheath. The balloon was then placed over the 0.014 guide wire into the area of stenosis and then inflated to normal pressures at 8 mmHg. The balloon was then deflated and removed over the wire. A 5 mm x 20 mm balloon was obtained and prepped and placed over the wire into the area of stenosis and inflated to pressures of 14 mmHg. A repeat fistulogram was performed after the removal of the balloon which demonstrated excellent results with no significant residual stenosis. The patient actually had a nice palpable thrill at this point. The fistulogram of the distal cephalic vein at the subclavian anastomosis was performed which demonstrated a mild area of stenosis. The sheath was removed and blood pressure was held over the puncture site for approximately 10 minutes.,After hemostasis was achieved, the cephalic vein again was visualized with bevel ultrasound. The proximal cephalic vein was then cannulated after injecting the skin overlying the vessel with a 1% lidocaine solution. A 5 French micropuncture introducer sheath was then placed over the wire into the proximal cephalic vein. A repeat fistulogram was performed which demonstrated an area of stenosis within the distal cephalic vein just prior to the subclavian vein confluence. The 5 French introducer sheath was then exchanged for a 5 French sheath. The 5 mm x 20 mm balloon was placed over a 0.035 glidewire across the area of stenosis. The balloon was inflated to 14 mmHg. The balloon was then deflated and a repeat fistulogram was performed through the sheath which demonstrated good results. The sheath was then removed and blood pressure was held over the puncture site for approximately 10 minutes. After adequate hemostasis was achieved, the area was cleansed in 2x2 and Tegaderm was applied. The patient tolerated the procedure without any complications. I was present for the entire case. The sponge, instrument, and needle counts are correct at the end of the case. The patient was subsequently taken to PACU in stable condition.,ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS:, The initial left arm brachiocephalic fistulogram demonstrated a stenosis at the brachial artery anastomosis and distally within the cephalic vein. After standard balloon angioplasty, there was a mild improvement but some residual area of stenosis remained at the anastomosis. Then postcutting balloon angioplasty, venogram demonstrated a significant improvement without any evidence of significant stenosis.,Fistulogram of the proximal cephalic vein demonstrated a stenosis just prior to the confluence with the left subclavian vein. Postangioplasty demonstrated excellent results with the standard balloon. There was no evidence of any contrast extravasation.,IMPRESSION,1. High-grade stenosis involving the cephalic vein at the brachial artery anastomosis and distally. Postcutting balloon and standard balloon angioplasty demonstrated excellent results without any evidence of contrast extravasation.,2. A moderate grade stenosis within the distal cephalic vein just prior to the confluence to the left subclavian vein. Poststandard balloon angioplasty demonstrated excellent results. No evidence of contrast extravasation. | null |
3,012 | Urine leaked around the ostomy site for his right sided nephrostomy tube. The patient had bilateral nephrostomy tubes placed one month ago secondary to his prostate cancer metastasizing and causing bilateral ureteral obstructions that were severe enough to cause acute renal failure. | Nephrology | Leaking Nephrostomy Tube | CHIEF COMPLAINT: ,Leaking nephrostomy tube.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This 61-year-old male was referred in today secondary to having urine leaked around the ostomy site for his right sided nephrostomy tube. The leaking began this a.m. The patient denies any pain, does not have fever and has no other problems or complaints. The patient had bilateral nephrostomy tubes placed one month ago secondary to his prostate cancer metastasizing and causing bilateral ureteral obstructions that were severe enough to cause acute renal failure. The patient states he feels like his usual self and has no other problems or concerns. The patient denies any fever or chills. No nausea or vomiting. No flank pain, no abdominal pain, no chest pain, no shortness of breath, no swelling to the legs.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Review of systems otherwise negative and noncontributory.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Metastatic prostate cancer, anemia, hypertension.,MEDICATIONS: , Medication reconciliation sheet has been reviewed on the nurses' note.,ALLERGIES: , NO KNOWN DRUG ALLERGIES.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient is a nonsmoker.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 97.7 oral, blood pressure 150/85, pulse is 91, respirations 16, oxygen saturation 97% on room air and interpreted as normal. CONSTITUTIONAL: The patient is well nourished, well developed, appears to be healthy, calm, comfortable, no acute distress, looks well. HEENT: Eyes are normal with clear sclerae and cornea. NECK: Supple, full range of motion. CARDIOVASCULAR: Heart has regular rate and rhythm without murmur, rub or gallop. Peripheral pulses are +2. No dependent edema. RESPIRATIONS: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No shortness of breath. No wheezes, rales or rhonchi. Good air movement bilaterally. GASTROINTESTINAL: Abdomen is soft, nontender, nondistended. No rebound or guarding. Normal benign abdominal exam. MUSCULOSKELETAL: The patient has nontender back and flank. No abnormalities noted to the back other than the bilateral nephrostomy tubes. The nephrostomy tube left has no abnormalities, no sign of infection. No leaking of urine, nontender, nephrostomy tube on the right has a damp dressing, which has a small amount of urine soaked into it. There is no obvious active leak from the ostomy site. No sign of infection. No erythema, swelling or tenderness. The collection bag is full of clear urine. The patient has no abnormalities on his legs. SKIN: No rashes or lesions. No sign of infection. NEUROLOGIC: Motor and sensory are intact to the extremities. The patient has normal ambulation, normal speech. PSYCHIATRIC: Alert and oriented x4. Normal mood and affect. HEMATOLOGIC AND LYMPHATIC: No bleeding or bruising.,EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT COURSE:, Reviewed the patient's admission record from one month ago when he was admitted for the placement of the nephrostomy tubes, both Dr. X and Dr. Y have been consulted and both had recommended nephrostomy tubes, there was not the name mentioned as to who placed the nephrostomy tubes. There was no consultation dictated for this and no name was mentioned in the discharge summary, paged Dr. X as this was the only name that the patient could remember that might have been involved with the placement of the nephrostomy tubes. Dr. A responded to the page and recommended __________ off a BMP and discussing it with Dr. B, the radiologist as he recalled that this was the physician who placed the nephrostomy tubes, paged Dr. X and received a call back from Dr. X. Dr. X stated that he would have somebody get in touch with us about scheduling a time for which they will change out the nephrostomy tube to a larger and check a nephrogram at that time that came down and stated that they would do it at 10 a.m. tomorrow. This was discussed with the patient and instructions to return to the hospital at 10 a.m. to have this tube changed out by Dr. X was explained and understood.,DIAGNOSES:,1. WEAK NEPHROSTOMY SITE FOR THE RIGHT NEPHROSTOMY TUBE.,2. PROSTATE CANCER, METASTATIC.,3. URETERAL OBSTRUCTION.,The patient on discharge is stable and dispositioned to home.,PLAN: , We will have the patient return to the hospital tomorrow at 10 a.m. for the replacement of his right nephrostomy tube by Dr. X. The patient was asked to return in the emergency room sooner if he should develop any new problems or concerns. | nephrology, nephrostomy site, ureteral obstruction, leaking nephrostomy tube, acute renal failure, bilateral nephrostomy, ureteral obstructions, nephrostomy tube, tube, nephrostomy, ureteral, prostate, leaking, urine, tubes, |
3,013 | This is a 46-year-old gentleman with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetes and hypertension, who had been on hemodialysis and is also status post cadaveric kidney transplant with chronic rejection. | Nephrology | ESRD - Discharge Summary | ADMISSION DIAGNOSIS:, End-stage renal disease (ESRD).,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS: , End-stage renal disease (ESRD).,PROCEDURE:, Cadaveric renal transplant.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 46-year-old gentleman with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetes and hypertension, who had been on hemodialysis since 1993 and is also status post cadaveric kidney transplant in 1996 with chronic rejection.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: ,1. Diabetes mellitus diagnosed 12 years ago.,2. Hypertension.,3. Coronary artery disease with a myocardial infarct in September of 2006.,4. End-stage renal disease.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , Coronary artery bypass graft x5 in 1995 and cadaveric renal transplant in 1996.,SOCIAL HISTORY: ,The patient denies tobacco or ethanol use.,FAMILY HISTORY:, Hypertension.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,GENERAL: The patient was alert and oriented x3 in no acute distress, healthy-appearing male.,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 96.6, blood pressure 166/106, heart rate 83, respiratory rate 18, and saturations 96% on room air.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Regular rate and rhythm.,PULMONARY: Clear to auscultation bilaterally.,ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender, and nondistended with positive bowel sounds.,EXTREMITIES: No clubbing, cyanosis, or edema.,PERTINENT LABORATORY DATA: , White blood cell count 6.4, hematocrit 34.6, and platelet count 182. Sodium 137, potassium 5.4, BUN 41, creatinine 7.9, and glucose 295. Total protein 6.5, albumin 3.4, AST 51, ALT 51, alk phos 175, and total bilirubin 0.5.,COURSE IN HOSPITAL: , The patient was admitted postoperatively to the surgical intensive care unit. Initially, the patient had a decrease in hematocrit from 30 to 25. The patient's hematocrit stabilized at 25. During the patient's stay, the patient's creatinine progressively decreased from 8.1 to a creatinine at the time of discharge of 2.3. The patient was making excellent urine throughout his stay. The patient's Jackson-Pratt drain was removed on postoperative day #1 and he was moved to the floor. The patient was advanced in diet appropriately. The patient was started on Prograf by postoperative day #2. Initial Prograf levels came back high at 18. The patient's Prograf doses were changed accordingly and today, the patient is deemed stable to be discharged home. During the patient's stay, the patient received four total doses of Thymoglobulin. Today, he will complete his final dose of Thymoglobulin prior to being discharged. In addition, today, the patient has an elevated blood pressure of 198/96. The patient is being given an extra dose of metoprolol for this blood pressure. In addition, the patient has an elevated glucose of 393 and for this reason he has been given an extra dose of insulin. These labs will be rechecked later today and once his blood pressure has decreased to systolic blood pressure less than 116 and his glucose has come down to a more normal level, he will be discharged to home.,DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS: , The patient is discharged with instructions to seek medical attention in the event if he develops fevers, chills, nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, or other concerns. He is discharged on a low-potassium diet with activity as tolerated. He is instructed that he may shower; however, he is to undergo no underwater soaking activities for approximately two weeks. The patient will be followed up in the Transplant Clinic at ABCD tomorrow, at which time, his labs will be rechecked. The patient's Prograf levels at the time of discharge are pending; however, given that his Prograf dose was decreased, he will be followed tomorrow at the Renal Transplant Clinic. | null |
3,014 | Management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the patient on chronic hemodialysis, being admitted for chest pain. | Nephrology | End Stage Renal Disease - Consult | REASON FOR CONSULTATION: , Management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the patient on chronic hemodialysis, being admitted for chest pain.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, This is a 66-year-old Native American gentleman, a patient of Dr. X, my associate, who has a past medical history of coronary artery disease, status post stent placement, admitted with chest pressure around 4 o'clock last night. He took some nitroglycerin tablets at home with no relief. He came to the ER. He is going to have a coronary angiogram done today by Dr. Y. I have seen this patient first time in the morning, approximately around the 4 o'clock. This is a late entry dictation. Presently lying in bed, but he feels fine. Denies any chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea. Denies hematuria, dysuria, or bright red blood per rectum.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Coronary artery disease, status post stent placement two years ago.,2. Diabetes mellitus for the last 12 years.,3. Hypertension.,4. End-stage renal disease.,5. History of TIA in the past.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,1. As mentioned above.,2. Cholecystectomy.,3. Appendectomy.,4. Right IJ PermaCath placement.,5. AV fistula graft in the right wrist.,PERSONAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY:, He smoked 2 to 3 packets per day for at least last 10 years. He quit smoking roughly about 20 years ago. Occasional alcohol use.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Noncontributory.,ALLERGIES: ,No known drug allergies.,MEDICATIONS AT HOME: , Metoprolol, Plavix, Rocaltrol, Lasix, Norvasc, Zocor, hydralazine, calcium carbonate, and loratadine.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION,GENERAL: He is alert, seems to be in no apparent distress.,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 98.2, pulse 61, respiratory 20, and blood pressure 139/63.,HEENT: Atraumatic and normocephalic.,NECK: No JVD, no thyromegaly, supra and infraclavicular lymphadenopathy.,LUNGS: Clear to auscultation. Air entry bilateral equal.,HEART: S1 and S2. No pericardial rub.,ABDOMEN: Soft and nontender. Normal bowel sounds.,EXTREMITIES: No edema.,NEUROLOGIC: The patient is alert without focal deficit.,LABORATORY DATA:, Laboratory data shows hemoglobin 13, hematocrit 38.4, sodium 130, potassium 4.2, chloride 96.5, carbonate 30, BUN 26, creatinine 6.03, and glucose 162.,IMPRESSION:,1. End-stage renal disease, plan for dialysis today.,2. Diabetes mellitus.,3. Chest pain for coronary angiogram today.,4. Hypertension, blood pressure stable.,PLAN: , Currently follow the patient. Dr. Z is going to assume the care. | null |
3,015 | Patient with left renal cell carcinoma, left renal cyst, had robotic-Assisted laparoscopic left renal cyst decortication and cystoscopy. | Nephrology | Discharge Summary - Nephrology | ADMITTING DIAGNOSES:, Left renal cell carcinoma, left renal cyst.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS:, Left renal cell carcinoma, left renal cyst.,SECONDARY DIAGNOSES:,1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.,2. Coronary artery disease.,PROCEDURES: , Robotic-Assisted laparoscopic left renal cyst decortication and cystoscopy.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , Mr. ABC is a 70-year-old male who has been diagnosed with a left renal cell carcinoma with multiple renal cysts. He has undergone MRI of the abdomen on June 18, 2008 revealing an enhancing mass of the upper pole of the left kidney consistent with his history of renal cell carcinoma. Of note, there are no other enhancing solid masses seen on this MRI. After discussion of multiple management strategies with the patient including:,1. Left partial nephrectomy.,2. Left radical nephrectomy.,3. Left renal cyst decortication. The patient is likely to undergo the latter procedure.,HOSPITAL COURSE: ,The patient was admitted to undergo left renal cyst decortication as well as a cystoscopy. Intraoperatively, approximately four enlarged renal cysts and six smaller renal cysts were initially removed. The contents were aspirated and careful dissection of the cyst wall was performed. Multiple specimens of the cyst wall were sent for pathology. Approximately one liter of cystic fluid was drained during the procedure. The renal bed was inspected for hemostasis, which appear to be adequate. There were no complications with the procedure. Single JP drain was left in place. Additionally, the patient underwent flexible cystoscopy, which revealed no gross strictures or any other abnormalities in the penile nor prostatic urethra. Furthermore, no gross lesions were encountered in the bladder. The patient left OR with transfer to the PACU and subsequently to the hospital floor.,The patient's postoperative course was relatively uneventful. His diet and activity were gradually advanced without complication. On postoperative day #2, he was passing flatus and has had bowel movements. His Jackson-Pratt drain was discontinued on postoperative day #3 that being the day of discharge. His Foley catheter was removed on the morning of discharge and the patient subsequently passed the voiding trial without difficultly. At the time of discharge, he was afebrile. His vital signs indicated hemodynamic stability and he had no evidence of infection. The patient was instructed to follow up with Dr. XYZ on 8/12/2008 at 1:50 p.m. and was given prescription for pain medications as well as laxative.,DISPOSITION: , To home.,DISCHARGE CONDITION:, Good.,MEDICATIONS: ,Please see attached medication list.,INSTRUCTIONS: , The patient was instructed to contact Dr. XYZ's office for fever greater than 101.5, intractable pain, nausea, vomiting, or any other concerns.,FOLLOWUP: , The patient will follow up with Dr. XYZ for a postoperative check on 08/12/2008 at 1:50 p.m. and he was made aware of this appointment. | nephrology, decortication, cystoscopy, pain, nausea, vomiting, renal cyst decortication, renal cell carcinoma, robotic assisted, renal cyst, renal, robotic, laparoscopic, nephrectomy, cysts, cell, carcinoma, discharge, |
3,016 | Presents to the ER with hematuria that began while sleeping last night. He denies any pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. | Nephrology | Hematuria - ER Visit | HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, The patient is an 85-year-old gentleman who follows as an outpatient with Dr. A. He is known to us from his last admission. At that time, he was admitted with a difficulty voiding and constipation. His urine cultures ended up being negative. He was seen by Dr. B and discharged home on Levaquin for five days.,He presents to the ER today with hematuria that began while he was sleeping last night. He denies any pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. In the ER, a Foley catheter was placed and was irrigated with saline. White count was 7.6, H and H are 10.8 and 38.7, and BUN and creatinine are of 27 and 1.9. Urine culture is pending. Chest x-ray is pending. His UA did show lots of red cells. The patient currently is comfortable. CBI is running. His urine is clear.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Hypertension.,2. High cholesterol.,3. Bladder cancer.,4. Bilateral total knee replacements.,5. Cataracts.,6. Enlarged prostate.,ALLERGIES:, SULFA.,MEDICATIONS AT HOME:,1. Atenolol.,2. Cardura.,3. Zegerid.,4. Flomax.,5. Levaquin.,6. Proscar.,7. Vicodin.,8. Morphine.,9. Phenergan.,10. Ativan.,11. Zocor.,12. Prinivil.,13. Hydrochlorothiazide.,14. Folic acid.,15. Digoxin.,16. Vitamin B12.,17. Multivitamin.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient lives at home with his daughter. He does not smoke, occasionally drinks alcohol. He is independent with his activities of daily living.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Not additionally rewarding.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: An awake and alert 85-year-old gentleman who is afebrile.,VITAL SIGNS: BP of 162/60 and pulse oximetry of 98% on room air.,HEENT: Pink conjunctivae. Anicteric sclerae. Oral mucosa is moist.,NECK: Supple.,CHEST: Clear to auscultation.,HEART: Regular S1 and S2.,ABDOMEN: Soft and nontender to palpation.,EXTREMITIES: Without edema.,He has a Foley catheter in place. His urine is clear.,LABORATORY DATA:, Reviewed.,IMPRESSION:,1. Hematuria. | null |
3,017 | The patient is being discharged for continued hemodialysis and rehab. | Nephrology | Discharge Summary - Hemodialysis | DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES:,1. End-stage renal disease, on hemodialysis.,2. History of T9 vertebral fracture.,3. Diskitis.,4. Thrombocytopenia.,5. Congestive heart failure with ejection fraction of approximately 30%.,6. Diabetes, type 2.,7. Protein malnourishment.,8. History of anemia.,HISTORY AND HOSPITAL COURSE: , The patient is a 77-year-old white male who presented to Hospital of Bossier on April 14, 2008. The patient was found to have lumbar diskitis and was going to require extensive antibiotic therapy, which was the cause of need for continued hospitalization. He also needed to continue with dialysis and he needed to improve his rehabilitation. The patient tolerated his medication well and he was going through rehab fairly well without any significant troubles. He did have some bouts of issues with constipation on and off throughout his hospitalization, but this seemed to come under control with more aggressive management. The patient had remained afebrile. He did also have a bout with some episodic confusion problems, which appeared to be more of a sundowner-type of a problem, but this too cleared with his stay here at Promise. On the day of discharge, on May 9, 2008, the patient was in good spirits, was very clear and lucid. He denied any complaints of pain. He did have some trouble with sleep at night at times, but I think this was mainly tied into the fact that he sleeps a lot during the day. The patient has increased his appetite some and has been eating some. His vital signs remain stable. His blood pressure on discharge was 126/63, heart rate is 80, respiratory rate of 20 and temperature was 98.3. PPD was negative. An SMS form was filled out in plan for his discharge and he was sent with medications that he had been receiving while here at Promise.,The patient and his family understood our plan and agreed with it. He thanked us for the care that he received at Promise and thought that they did a fantastic job taking care of him. He did not have any acute questions as to where he was going and what the next step of his care would be, but we did discuss this at length prior to date of discharge., | nephrology, end-stage renal disease, thrombocytopenia, anemia, hospitalization, hemodialysis and rehab, hemodialysis |
3,018 | Solitary left kidney with obstruction and hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency, plus a Pseudomonas urinary tract infection. | Nephrology | Discharge Summary - Urology & Nephrology | ADMITTING DIAGNOSES:, Solitary left kidney with obstruction, and hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES: , Solitary left kidney with obstruction and hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency, plus a Pseudomonas urinary tract infection.,PROCEDURES: , Cystoscopy under anesthesia, ureteroscopy, an attempted tube placement, stent removal with retrograde pyelography, percutaneous tube placement, and nephrostomy by Radiology.,PERTINENT LABORATORIES: , Creatinine of 1.4. During the hospitalization it was decreased to 0.8 and Pseudomonas urinary tract infection, positive culture sensitive to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,The patient is a 3-1/2-year-old boy with a solitary kidney, had a ureteropelvic junction repair performed by Dr. Y, in the past, unfortunately, it was thought still be obstructed. A stent was placed approximately 6 weeks ago after urethroscopic placement with some difficulty. Plan was to remove the stent. At the time of removal, we were unable to place another tube within the collecting system, and the patient was admitted for percutaneous nephrostomy placement. He has had no recent cold or flu. He has problems with hypertension for which he is on enalapril at home in addition to his Macrodantin prophylaxis.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , The patient has no known allergies. Multiple urinary tract infection, solitary kidney, and previous surgeries as mentioned above.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, A 14-organ system review of systems is negative except for the history of present illness. He also has history of being a 34-week preemie twin.,ALLERGIES: , No known allergies.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Unremarkable without any bleeding or anesthetic problems.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient lives at home with his parents, 2 brothers, and a sister.,IMMUNIZATIONS:, Up-to-date.,MEDICATIONS: , On admission was Macrodantin, hydralazine, and enalapril.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: The patient is an active little boy.,HEENT: The head and neck exam was grossly normal. He had no oral, ocular, or nasal discharge.,LUNGS: Exam was normal without wheezing.,HEART: Without murmur or gallops.,ABDOMEN: Soft, without mass or tenderness with a well-healed flank incision.,GU: Uncircumcised male with bilaterally descended testes.,EXTREMITIES: He has full range of motion in all 4 extremities.,SKIN: Warm, pink, and dry.,NEUROLOGIC: Grossly intact.,BACK: He has normal back. Normal gait.,HOSPITAL COURSE: , The patient was admitted to the hospital after inability to place a ureteral stent via ureteroscopy and cystoscopy. He was made NPO. He had a fever at first time with elevated creatinine. He was also evaluated and treated by Dr. X, for fluid management, hypertensive management, and gave him some hydralazine and Lasix to improve his urine output, in addition to manage his blood pressure. Once the percutaneous tube was placed, we found that his urine culture grew Pseudomonas, so he was kept on Fortaz, and was switched over to ciprofloxacin without difficulty. He, otherwise, did well with continuing decrease his creatinine at the time of discharge to home.,The patient was discharged home in stable condition with ciprofloxacin, enalapril, and recommendation for followup in Urology in 1 to 2 weeks for the surgical correction in 2 to 3 weeks of repeat pyeloplasty or possible ureterocalicostomy. The patient had draining nephrostomy tube without difficulty., | null |
3,019 | Cystourethroscopy, right retrograde pyelogram, right ureteral pyeloscopy, right renal biopsy, and right double-J 4.5 x 26 mm ureteral stent placement. Right renal mass and ureteropelvic junction obstruction and hematuria. | Nephrology | Cystourethroscopy & Retrograde Pyelogram - 1 | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Right renal mass.,2. Hematuria.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Right renal mass.,2. Right ureteropelvic junction obstruction.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:,1. Cystourethroscopy.,2. Right retrograde pyelogram.,3. Right ureteral pyeloscopy.,4. Right renal biopsy.,5. Right double-J 4.5 x 26 mm ureteral stent placement.,ANESTHESIA: , Sedation.,SPECIMEN: , Urine for cytology and culture sensitivity, right renal pelvis urine for cytology, and right upper pole biopsies.,INDICATION:, The patient is a 74-year-old male who was initially seen in the office with hematuria. He was then brought to the hospital for other medical problems and found to still have hematuria. He has a CAT scan with abnormal appearing right kidney and it was felt that he will benefit from cystoscope evaluation.,PROCEDURE: ,After consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position. He was given IV sedation and placed in dorsal lithotomy position. He was then prepped and draped in the standard fashion. A #21 French cystoscope was then passed through his ureter on which patient was noted to have a hypospadias and passed through across the ends of the bladder. The patient was noted to have mildly enlarged prostate, however, it was non-obstructing.,Upon visualization of the bladder, the patient was noted to have some tuberculation to the bladder. There were no masses or any other abnormalities noted other than the tuberculation. Attention was then turned to the right ureteral orifice and an open-end of the catheter was then passed into the right ureteral orifice. A retrograde pyelogram was performed. Upon visualization, there was no visualization of the upper collecting system on the right side. At this point, a guidewire was then passed through the open-end of the ureteral catheter and the catheter was removed. The bladder was drained and the cystoscope was removed. The rigid ureteroscope was then passed into the bladder and into the right ureteral orifice with the assistance of a second glidewire. The ureteroscope was taken all the way through the proximal ureter just below the UPJ and there were noted to be no gross abnormalities. The ureteroscope was removed and an Amplatz wire then passed through the scope up into the collecting system along the side of the previous wire. The ureteroscope was removed and a ureteral dilating sheath was passed over the Amplatz wire into the right ureter under fluoroscopic guidance. The Amplatz wire was then removed and the flexible ureteroscope was passed through the sheath into the ureter. The ureteroscope was passed up to the UPJ at which point there was noted to be difficulty entering the ureter due to UPJ obstruction. The wire was then again passed through the flexible scope and the flexible scope was removed. A balloon dilator was then passed over the wire and the UPJ was dilated with balloon dilation. The dilator was then removed and again the cystoscope was passed back up into the right ureter and was able to enter the collecting system. Upon visualization of the collecting system of the upper portion, there was noted to be papillary mass within the collecting system. The ________ biopsy forceps were then passed through the scope and two biopsies were taken of the papillary mass. Once this was done, the wire was left in place and the ureteroscope was removed. The cystoscope was then placed back into the bladder and a 26 x 4.5 mm ureteral stent was passed over the wire under fluoroscopic and cystoscopic guidance into the right renal pelvis. The stent was noted to be clear within the right renal pelvis as well as in the bladder. The bladder was drained and the cystoscope was removed. The patient tolerated the procedure well. He will be transferred to the recovery room and back to his room. It has been discussed with his primary physician that the patient will likely need a nephrectomy. He will be scheduled for an echocardiogram tomorrow and then decision will be made where the patient will be stable for possible nephrectomy on Wednesday. | nephrology, renal mass, hematuria, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, cystourethroscopy, retrograde, pyelogram, ureteral pyeloscopy, renal biopsy, double-j, ureteral stent placement, ureteropelvic junction, flexible scope, papillary mass, ureteral stent, renal pelvis, ureteral orifice, amplatz wire, retrograde pyelogram, ureteral, cystoscope, ureteroscope, renal, bladder |
3,020 | Cystourethroscopy, bilateral retrograde pyelogram, and transurethral resection of bladder tumor of 1.5 cm in size. Recurrent bladder tumor and history of bladder carcinoma. | Nephrology | Cystourethroscopy & Retrograde Pyelogram | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Recurrent bladder tumor.,2. History of bladder carcinoma.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, | nephrology, recurrent bladder tumor, bladder carcinoma, bilateral retrograde pyelogram, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, lateral wall bladder tumor, transurethral resection, retrograde pyelogram, tumor, bladder, cystourethroscopy, pyelogram, |
3,021 | Common Excretory Urogram - IVP template | Nephrology | Excretory Urogram - IVP | There is normal and symmetrical filling of the caliceal system. Subsequent films demonstrate that the kidneys are of normal size and contour bilaterally. The caliceal system and ureters are in their usual position and show no signs of obstruction or intraluminal defects. The postvoid films demonstrate normal emptying of the collecting system, including the urinary bladder.,IMPRESSION:, Negative intravenous urogram., | nephrology, intravenous urogram, caliceal system, urinary bladder, excretory urogram, collecting systems, ivp, urogram, intravenousNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental., |
3,022 | Cystopyelogram, clot evacuation, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor x2 on the dome and on the left wall of the bladder. | Nephrology | Cystopyelogram - 1 | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Gross hematuria.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Gross hematuria.,OPERATIONS: ,Cystopyelogram, clot evacuation, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor x2 on the dome and on the left wall of the bladder.,ANESTHESIA: , Spinal.,FINDINGS: ,Significant amount of bladder clots measuring about 150 to 200 mL, two cupful of clots were removed. There was papillary tumor on the left wall right at the bladder neck and one on the right dome near the bladder neck on the right side. The right ureteral opening was difficult to visualize, the left one was normal.,BRIEF HISTORY: , The patient is a 78-year-old male with history of gross hematuria and recurrent UTIs. The patient had hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed atypical biopsy. The patient came in again with gross hematuria. The first biopsy was done about a month ago. The patient was to come back and have repeat biopsies done, but before that came into the hospital with gross hematuria. The options of watchful waiting, removal of the clots and biopsies were discussed. Risk of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, pain, MI, DVT and PE were discussed. Morbidity and mortality of the procedure were discussed. Consent was obtained from the daughter-in-law who has the power of attorney in Florida.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: ,The patient was brought to the OR. Anesthesia was applied. The patient was placed in the dorsal lithotomy position. The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. The patient had been off of the Coumadin for about 4 days and INR had been reversed. The patient has significant amount of clot upon entering the bladder. There was a tight bladder neck contracture. The prostate was not enlarged. Using ACMI 24-French sheath, using Ellick irrigation about 2 cupful of clots were removed. It took about half an hour to just remove the clots. After removing the clots, using 24-French cutting loop resectoscope, tumor on the left upper wall near the dome or near the 2 o'clock position was resected. This was lateral to the left ureteral opening. The base was coagulated for hemostasis. Same thing was done at 10 o'clock on the right side where there was some tumor that was visualized. The back wall and the rest of the bladder appeared normal. Using 8-French cone-tip catheter, left-sided pyelogram was normal. The right-sided pyelogram was very difficult to obtain and there was some mucosal irritation from the clots. The contrast did go up to what appeared to be the right ureteral opening, but the mucosa seemed to be very much irritated and it was very difficult to actually visualize the opening. A little bit of contrast went out, but the force was not made just to avoid any secondary stricture formation. The patient did have CT with contrast, which showed that the kidneys were normal. At this time, a #24 three-way irrigation was started. The patient was brought to Recovery room in stable condition. | nephrology, clot evacuation, transurethral resection, bladder tumor, bladder neck, gross hematuria, bladder, cystopyelogram, hematuria, clots, |
3,023 | Right hydronephrosis, right flank pain, atypical/dysplastic urine cytology, extrarenal pelvis on the right, no evidence of obstruction or ureteral/bladder lesions. Cystoscopy, bilateral retrograde ureteropyelograms, right ureteral barbotage for urine cytology, and right ureterorenoscopy. | Nephrology | Cystoscopy, Ureteropyelogram, & Ureteral Barbotage | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Right hydronephrosis.,2. Right flank pain.,3. Atypical/dysplastic urine cytology.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Right hydronephrosis.,2. Right flank pain.,3. Atypical/dysplastic urine cytology.,4. Extrarenal pelvis on the right.,5. No evidence of obstruction or ureteral/bladder lesions.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1. Cystoscopy.,2. Bilateral retrograde ureteropyelograms.,3. Right ureteral barbotage for urine cytology.,4. Right ureterorenoscopy, diagnostic.,ANESTHESIA: , Spinal.,SPECIMEN TO PATHOLOGY: , Urine and saline wash barbotage from right ureter through the ureteral catheter.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: ,Minimal.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , This is a 70-year-old female who reports progressive intermittent right flank pain associated with significant discomfort and disability. She presented to the emergency room where she was found to have significant hydronephrosis on the right without evidence of a stone. She has some ureteral thickening in her distal right ureter. She has persistent microscopic hematuria and her urine cytology and cytomolecular diagnosis significant for urothelial dysplasia with neoplasia-associated karyotypic profile. She was brought to the operating room for further evaluation and treatment.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION: , After preoperative counseling, the patient was taken to the operating room and administered a spinal anesthesia. She was placed in the lithotomy position, prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. The 21-French cystoscope was inserted per urethra into the bladder. The bladder was inspected and found to be without evidence of intravesical tumors, stones or mucosal abnormalities. The right ureteral orifice was visualized and cannulated with an open-ended ureteral catheter. This was gently advanced to the mid ureter. Urine was collected for cytology. Retrograde injection of saline through the ureteral catheter was then also used to enhance collection of the specimen. This too was collected and sent for a pooled urine cytology as specimen from the right renal pelvis and ureter. An 0.038 guidewire was then passed up through the open-ended ureteral catheter. The open-ended ureteral catheter and cystoscope were removed, and over the guidewire the flexible ureteroscope was passed up to the level of the renal pelvis. Using direct vision and fluoroscopy to confirm location, the entire renal pelvis and calyces were inspected. The renal pelvis demonstrated an extrarenal pelvis, but no evidence of obstruction at the renal UPJ level. There were no intrapelvic or calyceal stones. The ureter demonstrated no significant mucosal abnormalities, no visible tumors, and no areas of apparent constriction on multiple passes of the ureteroscope through the ureter to evaluate. The ureteroscope was then removed. The cystoscope was reinserted. Once again, retrograde injection of contrast through an open-ended ureteral catheter was undertaken in the right ureter and collecting system. No evidence of extravasation or significant change in anatomy was visualized. The left ureteral orifice was then visualized and cannulated with an open-ended ureteral catheter, and retrograde injection of contrast demonstrated a normal left ureter and collecting system. The cystoscope was removed. Foley catheter was inserted. The patient was placed in the supine position and transferred to the recovery room in satisfactory condition. | nephrology, hydronephrosis, ureteropyelogram, ureterorenoscopy, flank pain, renal pelvis, urine cytology, ureteral, cystoscopy, barbotage, cystoscope, retrograde, urine, |
3,024 | Right lower pole renal stone and possibly infected stent. Cysto stent removal. | Nephrology | Cysto Stent Removal | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right lower pole renal stone and possibly infected stent.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right lower pole renal stone and possibly infected stent.,OPERATION:, Cysto stent removal.,ANESTHESIA:, Local MAC.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,FLUIDS: , Crystalloid.,MEDICATIONS: , The patient was on vancomycin and Levaquin was given x1 dose. The patient was on vancomycin for the last 5 days.,BRIEF HISTORY: ,The patient is a 53-year-old female who presented with Enterococcus urosepsis. CT scan showed a lower pole stone with a stent in place. The stent was placed about 2 months ago, but when patient came in with a possibly UPJ stone with fevers of unknown etiology. The patient had a stent placed at that time due to the fevers, thinking that this was an urospetic stone. There was some pus that came out. The patient was cultured; actually it was negative at that time. The patient subsequently was found to have lower extremity DVT and then was started on Coumadin. The patient cannot be taken off Coumadin for the next 6 months due to the significant swelling and high risk for PE. The repeat films were taken which showed the stone had migrated into the pole.,The stent was intact. The patient subsequently developed recurrent UTIs and Enterococcus in the urine with fevers. The patient was admitted for IV antibiotics since the patient could not really tolerate penicillin due to allergy and due to patient being on Coumadin, Cipro, and Levaquin where treatment was little bit more complicated. Due to drug interaction, the patient was admitted for IV antibiotic treatment. The thinking was that either the stone or the stent is infected, since the stone is pretty small in size, the stent is very likely possibility that it could have been infected and now it needs to be removed. Since the stone is not obstructing, there is no reason to replace the stent at this time. We are unable to do the ureteroscopy or the shock-wave lithotripsy when the patient is fully anticoagulated. So, the best option at this time is to probably wait and perform the ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy when the patient is allowed to off her Coumadin, which would be probably about 4 months down the road.,Plan is to get rid of the stent and improve patient's urinary symptoms and to get rid of the infection and we will worry about the stone at later point.,DETAILS OF THE OR: , Consent had been obtained from the patient. Risks, benefits, and options were discussed. Risk of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, pain, MI, DVT, and PE were discussed. The patient understood all the risks and benefits of removing the stent and wanted to proceed. The patient was brought to the OR. The patient was placed in dorsal lithotomy position. The patient was given some IV pain meds. The patient had received vancomycin and Levaquin preop. Cystoscopy was performed using graspers. The stent was removed without difficulty. Plan was for repeat cultures and continuation of the IV antibiotics. | nephrology, infected stent, cysto stent removal, cysto stent, renal stone, lower pole, infected, stone, stent, cysto, |
3,025 | Cystopyelogram, left ureteroscopy, laser lithotripsy, stone basket extraction, stent exchange with a string attached. | Nephrology | Cystopyelogram | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left distal ureteral stone.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left distal ureteral stone.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Cystopyelogram, left ureteroscopy, laser lithotripsy, stone basket extraction, stent exchange with a string attached.,ANESTHESIA:, LMA.,EBL: , Minimal.,FLUIDS: , Crystalloid. The patient was given antibiotics, 1 g of Ancef and the patient was on oral antibiotics at home.,BRIEF HISTORY: , The patient is a 61-year-old female with history of recurrent uroseptic stones. The patient had stones x2, 1 was already removed, second one came down, had recurrent episode of sepsis, stent was placed. Options were given such as watchful waiting, laser lithotripsy, shockwave lithotripsy etc. Risks of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, pain, need for stent, and removal of the stent were discussed. The patient understood and wanted to proceed with the procedure.,DETAILS OF THE PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the OR. Anesthesia was applied. The patient was placed in dorsal lithotomy position. The patient was prepped and draped in usual sterile fashion. A 0.035 glidewire was placed in the left system. Using graspers, left-sided stent was removed. A semirigid ureteroscopy was done. A stone was visualized in the mid to upper ureter. Using laser, the stone was broken into 5 to 6 small pieces. Using basket extraction, all the pieces were removed. Ureteroscopy all the way up to the UPJ was done, which was negative. There were no further stones. Using pyelograms, the rest of the system appeared normal. The entire ureter on the left side was open and patent. There were no further stones. Due to the edema and the surgery, plan was to leave the stent attached to the string and the patient was to pull the string in about 24 hours. Over the 0.035 glidewire, a 26 double-J stent was placed. There was a nice curl in the kidney and one in the bladder. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Please note that the string was kept in place and the patient was to remove the stent the next day. The patient's family was instructed how to do so. The patient had antibiotics and pain medications at home. The patient was brought to recovery room in a stable condition. | nephrology, laser lithotripsy, shockwave lithotripsy, double-j stent, distal ureteral stone, ureteral stone, basket extraction, cystopyelogram, laser, lithotripsy, stones, string, ureteroscopy, stone, stent, |
3,026 | Generalized abdominal pain with swelling at the site of the ileostomy. CT abdomen with contrast and CT pelvis with contrast. Axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 9 | CT ABDOMEN WITH CONTRAST AND CT PELVIS WITH CONTRAST,REASON FOR EXAM: , Generalized abdominal pain with swelling at the site of the ileostomy.,TECHNIQUE:, Axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300.,CT ABDOMEN: ,The liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, and kidneys are unremarkable. Punctate calcifications in the gallbladder lumen likely represent a gallstone.,CT PELVIS: ,Postsurgical changes of a left lower quadrant ileostomy are again seen. There is no evidence for an obstruction. A partial colectomy and diverting ileostomy is seen within the right lower quadrant. The previously seen 3.4 cm subcutaneous fluid collection has resolved. Within the left lower quadrant, a 3.4 cm x 2.5 cm loculated fluid collection has not significantly changed. This is adjacent to the anastomosis site and a pelvic abscess cannot be excluded. No obstruction is seen. The appendix is not clearly visualized. The urinary bladder is unremarkable.,IMPRESSION:,1. Resolution of the previously seen subcutaneous fluid collection.,2. Left pelvic 3.4 cm fluid collection has not significantly changed in size or appearance. These findings may be due to a pelvic abscess.,3. Right lower quadrant ileostomy has not significantly changed.,4. Cholelithiasis. | nephrology, axial ct images, isovue-300, ct pelvis, ct abdomen, fluid collection, abdomen, obstruction, subcutaneous, abscess, pelvic, fluid, collection, pelvis, ileostomy, ct, isovue, |
3,027 | Generalized abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and recent colonic resection. CT abdomen with and without contrast and CT pelvis with contrast. Axial CT images of the abdomen were obtained without contrast. Axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were then obtained utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 8 | CT ABDOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT CONTRAST AND CT PELVIS WITH CONTRAST,REASON FOR EXAM: , Generalized abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and recent colonic resection in 11/08.,TECHNIQUE:, Axial CT images of the abdomen were obtained without contrast. Axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were then obtained utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300.,FINDINGS: , The liver is normal in size and attenuation.,The gallbladder is normal.,The spleen is normal in size and attenuation.,The adrenal glands and pancreas are unremarkable.,The kidneys are normal in size and attenuation.,No hydronephrosis is detected. Free fluid is seen within the right upper quadrant within the lower pelvis. A markedly thickened loop of distal small bowel is seen. This segment measures at least 10-cm long. No definite pneumatosis is appreciated. No free air is apparent at this time. Inflammatory changes around this loop of bowel. Mild distention of adjacent small bowel loops measuring up to 3.5 cm is evident. No complete obstruction is suspected, as there is contrast material within the colon. Postsurgical changes compatible with the partial colectomy are noted. Postsurgical changes of the anterior abdominal wall are seen. Mild thickening of the urinary bladder wall is seen.,IMPRESSION:,1. Marked thickening of a segment of distal small bowel is seen with free fluid within the abdomen and pelvis. An inflammatory process such as infection or ischemia must be considered. Close interval followup is necessary.,2. Thickening of the urinary bladder wall is nonspecific and may be due to under distention. However, evaluation for cystitis is advised. | nephrology, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, colonic resection, axial ct images, ct abdomen, isovue, inflammatory, urinary, bladder, abdominal, colonic, wall, thickening, axial, bowel, contrast, attenuation, pelvis, ct, abdomen |
3,028 | Noncontrast CT abdomen and pelvis per renal stone protocol. | Nephrology | CT KUB | EXAM: ,CT KUB.,REASON FOR EXAM: , Flank pain.,TECHNIQUE:, Noncontrast CT abdomen and pelvis per renal stone protocol.,Correlation is made with the prior examination dated 01/16/09.,FINDINGS: , There is no intrarenal stone or obstruction bilaterally. There is no hydronephrosis, ureteral dilatation. There are calcifications about the pelvis including one in the left upper pelvis, but these are stable from the prior study and there is no upstream ureteral dilatation, the findings therefore are favored to represent phleboliths. The bladder is nearly completely decompressed. There is no asymmetric renal enlargement or perinephric stranding as secondary evidence of obstruction.,The appendix is normal. There is no evidence for a pericolonic inflammatory process or small bowel obstruction.,Dedicated scan to the pelvis disclosed the aforementioned presumed phleboliths. There is no pelvic free fluid or adenopathy.,Lung bases appear clear. Given the lack of contrast, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and the pancreas appear grossly unremarkable. The gallbladder has been resected. There is no abdominal free fluid or pathologic adenopathy.,IMPRESSION:,1. No renal stone or evidence of obstruction. Stable appearing pelvic calcifications likely indicate phleboliths.,2. Normal appendix. | nephrology, pericolonic inflammatory process, phleboliths, renal stone protocol, ct kub, ct abdomen, ureteral dilatation, free fluid, renal stone, noncontrast, kub, adenopathy, abdomen, ct, renal, stone, obstruction, pelvis |
3,029 | CT-guided needle placement, CT-guided biopsy of right renal mass, and embolization of biopsy tract with gelfoam. | Nephrology | CT-Guided Biopsy - Kidney | REASON FOR EXAM: This 60-year-old female who was found to have a solid indeterminate mass involving the inferior pole of the right kidney was referred for percutaneous biopsy under CT guidance at the request of Dr. X.,PROCEDURE: The procedure risks and possible complications including, but not limited to severe hemorrhage which could result in emergent surgery, were explained to the patient. The patient understood. All questions were answered, and informed consent was obtained. With the patient in the prone position, noncontrasted CT localization images were obtained through the kidney. Conscious sedation was utilized with the patient being monitored. The patient was administered divided dose of Versed and fentanyl intravenously.,Following sterile preparation and local anesthesia to the posterior aspect of the right flank, an 18-gauge co-axial Temno-type needle was directed into the inferior pole right renal mass from the posterior oblique approach. Two biopsy specimens were obtained and placed in 10% formalin solution. CT documented needle placement. Following the biopsy, there was active bleeding through the stylet, as well as a small hematoma about the inferior aspect of the right kidney posteriorly. I placed several torpedo pledgets of Gelfoam through the co-axial sheath into the site of bleeding. The bleeding stopped. The co-axial sheath was then removed. Bandage was applied. Hemostasis was obtained. The patient was placed in the supine position. Postbiopsy CT images were then obtained. The patient's hematoma appeared stable. The patient was without complaints of pain or discomfort. The patient was then sent to her room with plans of observing for approximately 4 hours and then to be discharged, as stable. The patient was instructed to remain at bedrest for the remaining portions of the day at home and patient is to followup with Dr. Fieldstone for the results and follow-up care.,FINDINGS: Initial noncontrasted CT localization images reveals the presence of an approximately 2.1 cm cortical mass involving the posterior aspect of the inferior pole of the right kidney. Images obtained during the biopsy reveals the cutting portion of the biopsy needle to extend through the mass. Images obtained following the biopsy reveals the development of a small hematoma posterior to the right kidney in its inferior pole adjacent to the mass. There are small droplets of air within the hematoma. No hydronephrosis is identified.,CONCLUSION:,1. Percutaneous biopsy of inferior pole right renal mass under computed tomography guidance with specimen sent to laboratory in 10% formalin solution.,2. Development of a small hematoma adjacent to the inferior pole of the right kidney with active bleeding through the biopsy needle stopped by tract embolization with Gelfoam pledgets. | nephrology, embolization, ct localization, gelfoam pledgets, ct guided needle placement, ct guided biopsy, needle placement, renal mass, ct guided, inferior pole, ct, biopsy, hematoma, kidney, mass, |
3,030 | Residual stone status post right percutaneous nephrolithotomy, attempted second-look nephrolithotomy, cysto with insertion of 6-French variable length double-J stent. | Nephrology | Cysto & Double-J Stent Insersion | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Residual stone, status post right percutaneous nephrolithotomy.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Residual stone status post right percutaneous nephrolithotomy, attempted second-look nephrolithotomy, cysto with insertion of 6-French variable length double-J stent.,ANESTHESIA:, General via endotracheal tube.,BLOOD LOSS:, Minimal.,DRAINS: , 16-French Foley, 6-French variable length double-J stent.,INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS: , Unable to re-access the collecting system.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: ,The patient was brought to the operating room and laid supine. General anesthesia was accomplished. A 16-French Foley was placed using aseptic technique. The patient was then placed on the operating table prone. His right flank was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. At this point, contrast was injected through his existing nephrostomy tube and there was no continuity with the collecting system and it was removed. The 5-French Pollack catheter was used to pass a 0.38 super-stiff Amplatz wire. The wire would not go down the ureter. Multiple attempts were made using Pollack catheters and Cobra catheters and attempts were made to dilate the track, both with rigid dilator and the balloon dilator and access could not be obtained. After multiple attempts, access was lost. At this point, the tubes were left out of the kidney and sterile dressings were applied. The patient was then placed on another operating table supine. His genitalia were prepped and draped after removing his Foley catheter. Flexible cystoscopy was performed and the right orifice identified, which was edematous and erythematous. The wire was passed up to kidney and a 5-French Pollack catheter was then passed over to after the removing the scope. The wire was removed. Contrast injection with good placement in the collecting system. The wire was replaced. The Pollack catheter removed and 6-French variable length double-J stent was inserted using fluoroscopic guidance. The wire was removed leaving the double-J stent in good position. _______ 16-French Foley was reinserted and connected to close drains.,Procedure was terminated at this point and had been well tolerated. The patient was awakened and taken to recovery room in satisfactory condition having tolerated the procedure well. | nephrology, residual stone, percutaneous, cobra catheters, amplatz, double j stent, pollack catheter, cysto, catheter, nephrolithotomy, stent, french |
3,031 | Lower quadrant pain with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. CT abdomen without contrast and CT pelvis without contrast. Noncontrast axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis are obtained. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 7 | REASON FOR EXAM: , Lower quadrant pain with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.,TECHNIQUE: , Noncontrast axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis are obtained.,FINDINGS: , Please note evaluation of the abdominal organs is secondary to the lack of intravenous contrast material.,Gallstones are seen within the gallbladder lumen. No abnormal pericholecystic fluid is seen.,The liver is normal in size and attenuation.,The spleen is normal in size and attenuation.,A 2.2 x 1.8 cm low attenuation cystic lesion appears to be originating off of the tail of the pancreas. No pancreatic ductal dilatation is seen. There is no abnormal adjacent stranding. No suspected pancreatitis is seen.,The kidneys show no stone formation or hydronephrosis.,The large and small bowels are normal in course and caliber. There is no evidence for obstruction. The appendix appears within normal limits.,In the pelvis, the urinary bladder is unremarkable. There is a 4.2 cm cystic lesion of the right adnexal region. No free fluid, free air, or lymphadenopathy is detected.,There is left basilar atelectasis.,IMPRESSION:,1. A 2.2 cm low attenuation lesion is seen at the pancreatic tail. This is felt to be originating from the pancreas, a cystic pancreatic neoplasm must be considered and close interval followup versus biopsy is advised. Additionally, when the patient's creatinine improves, a contrast-enhanced study utilizing pancreatic protocol is needed. Alternatively, an MRI may be obtained.,2. Cholelithiasis.,3. Left basilar atelectasis.,4. A 4.2 cm cystic lesion of the right adnexa, correlation with pelvic ultrasound is advised. | nephrology, ct abdomen, ct pelvis, neoplasm, lesion, attenuation, hydronephrosis, stone formation, ct images, cystic lesion, abdomen, cystic, pancreatic, ct, pelvis, intravenous, noncontrast |
3,032 | Noncontrast CT abdomen and pelvis per renal stone protocol. | Nephrology | CT Stone Protocol | EXAM: , CT stone protocol.,REASON FOR EXAM:, History of stones, rule out stones.,TECHNIQUE: , Noncontrast CT abdomen and pelvis per renal stone protocol.,FINDINGS: , Correlation is made with a prior examination dated 01/20/09.,Again identified are small intrarenal stones bilaterally. These are unchanged. There is no hydronephrosis or significant ureteral dilatation. There is no stone along the expected course of the ureters or within the bladder. There is a calcification in the low left pelvis not in line with ureter, this finding is stable and is compatible with a phlebolith. There is no asymmetric renal enlargement or perinephric stranding.,The appendix is normal. There is no evidence of a pericolonic inflammatory process or small bowel obstruction.,Scans through the pelvis disclose no free fluid or adenopathy.,Lung bases aside from very mild dependent atelectasis appear clear.,Given the lack of contrast, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and the pancreas are grossly unremarkable. The gallbladder is present. There is no abdominal free fluid or pathologic adenopathy.,IMPRESSION:,1. Bilateral intrarenal stones, no obstruction.,2. Normal appendix. | nephrology, noncontrast ct, abdomen and pelvis, renal stone protocol, renal stone, intrarenal stones, stone protocol, ureteral, adenopathy, renal, ct, protocol, pelvis, intrarenal, stone, abdomen, noncontrast, |
3,033 | CT abdomen and pelvis without contrast, stone protocol, reconstruction. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 4 | EXAM: , CT abdomen and pelvis without contrast, stone protocol, reconstruction.,REASON FOR EXAM: , Flank pain.,TECHNIQUE: , Noncontrast CT abdomen and pelvis with coronal reconstructions.,FINDINGS: , There is no intrarenal stone bilaterally. However, there is very mild left renal pelvis and proximal ureteral dilatation with a small amount of left perinephric stranding asymmetric to the right. The right renal pelvis is not dilated. There is no stone along the course of the ureter. I cannot exclude the possibility of recent stone passage, although the findings are ultimately technically indeterminate and clinical correlation is advised. There is no obvious solid-appearing mass given the lack of contrast.,Scans of the pelvis disclose no evidence of stone within the decompressed bladder. No pelvic free fluid or adenopathy.,There are few scattered diverticula. There is a moderate amount of stool throughout the colon. There are scattered diverticula, but no CT evidence of acute diverticulitis. The appendix is normal.,There are mild bibasilar atelectatic changes.,Given the lack of contrast, visualized portions of the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and the pancreas are grossly unremarkable. The gallbladder is present. There is no abdominal free fluid or pathologic adenopathy.,There are degenerative changes of the lumbar spine.,IMPRESSION:,1.Very mild left renal pelvic dilatation and proximal ureteral dilatation with mild left perinephric stranding. There is no stone identified along the course of the left ureter or in the bladder. Could this patient be status post recent stone passage? Clinical correlation is advised.,2.Diverticulosis.,3.Moderate amount of stool throughout the colon.,4.Normal appendix. | nephrology, coronal reconstructions, stone protocol, renal pelvic dilatation, proximal ureteral dilatation, ct abdomen and pelvis, stone protocol reconstruction, abdomen and pelvis, perinephric stranding, free fluid, scattered diverticula, renal, dilatation, contrast, ureteral, ct, abdomen, pelvis, stone, noncontrast, |
3,034 | Motor vehicle collision. CT head without contrast, CT facial bones without contrast, and CT cervical spine without contrast. | Nephrology | CT Head, Facial Bones, Cervical Spine - 1 | CT HEAD WITHOUT CONTRAST, CT FACIAL BONES WITHOUT CONTRAST, AND CT CERVICAL SPINE WITHOUT CONTRAST,REASON FOR EXAM: , Motor vehicle collision.,CT HEAD,TECHNIQUE: , Noncontrast axial CT images of the head were obtained without contrast.,FINDINGS: , There is no acute intracranial hemorrhage, mass effect, midline shift, or extra-axial fluid collection. The ventricles and cortical sulci are normal in shape and configuration. The gray/white matter junctions are well preserved. No calvarial fracture is seen.,IMPRESSION: ,Negative for acute intracranial disease.,CT FACIAL BONES WITHOUT CONTRAST,TECHNIQUE: ,Noncontrast axial CT images of the facial bones were obtained with coronal reconstructions.,FINDINGS:, There is no facial bone fracture. The maxilla and mandible are intact. The visualized paranasal sinuses are clear. The temporomandibular joints are intact. The nasal bone is intact. The orbits are intact. The extra-ocular muscles and orbital nerves are normal. The orbital globes are normal.,IMPRESSION: , No evidence for a facial bone fracture.,CT CERVICAL SPINE WITHOUT CONTRAST,TECHNIQUE: , Noncontrast axial CT images of the cervical spine were obtained with sagittal and coronal reconstructions.,FINDINGS: , There is a normal lordosis of the cervical spine, no fracture or subluxation is seen. The vertebral body heights are normal. The intervertebral disk spaces are well preserved. The atlanto-dens interval is normal. No abnormal anterior cervical soft tissue swelling is seen. There is no spinal compression deformity.,IMPRESSION: , Negative for a facial bone fracture. | nephrology, intracranial disease, motor vehicle collision, orbital nerves, extra-ocular muscles, cervical spine, ct cervical spine, ct facial bones, ct head, axial ct images, facial bone fracture, facial bones, ct, noncontrast, intracranial, axial, spine, fracture, cervical, contrast, facial, bones, |
3,035 | Right-sided abdominal pain with nausea and fever. CT abdomen with contrast and CT pelvis with contrast. Axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 6 | REASON FOR EXAM: , Right-sided abdominal pain with nausea and fever.,TECHNIQUE: , Axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300.,CT ABDOMEN: ,The liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, adrenal glands, and kidney are unremarkable.,CT PELVIS: , Within the right lower quadrant, the appendix measures 16 mm and there are adjacent inflammatory changes with fluid in the right lower quadrant. Findings are compatible with acute appendicitis.,The large and small bowels are normal in course and caliber without obstruction. The urinary bladder is normal. The uterus appears unremarkable. Mild free fluid is seen in the lower pelvis.,No destructive osseous lesions are seen. The visualized lung bases are clear.,IMPRESSION: , Acute appendicitis. | nephrology, adrenal glands, appendicitis, gallbladder, kidney, liver, pancreas, spleen, acute appendicitis, ct pelvis, ct abdomen, abdominal, contrast, fluid, abdomen, inflammatory, pelvis, ct |
3,036 | CT of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 3 | EXAM: , CT of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast.,HISTORY: , Lower abdominal pain.,FINDINGS:, Limited views of the lung bases demonstrate linear density most likely representing dependent atelectasis. There is a 1.6 cm nodular density at the left posterior sulcus.,Noncontrast technique limits evaluation of the solid abdominal organs. Cardiomegaly and atherosclerotic calcifications are seen.,Hepatomegaly is observed. There is calcification within the right lobe of the liver likely related to granulomatous changes. Subtle irregularity of the liver contour is noted, suggestive of cirrhosis. There is splenomegaly seen. There are two low-attenuation lesions seen in the posterior aspect of the spleen, which are incompletely characterized that may represent splenic cyst. The pancreas appears atrophic. There is a left renal nodule seen, which measures 1.9 cm with a Hounsfield unit density of approximately 29, which is indeterminate.,There is mild bilateral perinephric stranding. There is an 8-mm fat density lesion in the anterior inner polar region of the left kidney, compatible in appearance with angiomyolipoma. There is a 1-cm low-attenuation lesion in the upper pole of the right kidney, likely representing a cyst, but incompletely characterized on this examination. Bilateral ureters appear normal in caliber along their visualized course. The bladder is partially distended with urine, but otherwise unremarkable.,Postsurgical changes of hysterectomy are noted. There are pelvic phlebolith seen. There is a calcified soft tissue density lesion in the right pelvis, which may represent an ovary with calcification, as it appears continuous with the right gonadal vein.,Scattered colonic diverticula are observed. The appendix is within normal limits. The small bowel is unremarkable. There is an anterior abdominal wall hernia noted containing herniated mesenteric fat. The hernia neck measures approximately 2.7 cm. There is stranding of the fat within the hernia sac.,There are extensive degenerative changes of the right hip noted with changes suggestive of avascular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the spine are observed.,IMPRESSION:,1. Anterior abdominal wall hernia with mesenteric fat-containing stranding, suggestive of incarcerated fat.,2. Nodule in the left lower lobe, recommend follow up in 3 months.,3. Indeterminate left adrenal nodule, could be further assessed with dedicated adrenal protocol CT or MRI.,4. Hepatomegaly with changes suggestive of cirrhosis. There is also splenomegaly observed.,5. Low-attenuation lesions in the spleen may represent cyst, that are incompletely characterized on this examination.,6. Fat density lesion in the left kidney, likely represents angiomyolipoma.,7. Fat density soft tissue lesion in the region of the right adnexa, this contains calcifications and may represent an ovary or possibly dermoid cyst. | nephrology, abdominal pain, cardiomegaly, atherosclerotic calcifications, hepatomegaly, perinephric stranding, low attenuation lesions, abdominal, calcifications, lesions, abdomen, |
3,037 | CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast to evaluate abdominal pan. | Nephrology | CT Scan of Abdomen & Pelvis with Contrast | EXAM: , CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast.,REASON FOR EXAM: , Abdominal pain.,COMPARISON EXAM: , None.,TECHNIQUE: , Multiple axial images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained. 5-mm slices were acquired after injection of 125 cc of Omnipaque IV. In addition, oral ReadiCAT was given. Reformatted sagittal and coronal images were obtained.,DISCUSSION:, There are numerous subcentimeter nodules seen within the lung bases. The largest measures up to 6 mm. No hiatal hernia is identified. Consider chest CT for further evaluation of the pulmonary nodules. The liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys are within normal limits. No dilated loops of bowel. There are punctate foci of air seen within the nondependent portions of the peritoneal cavity as well as the anterior subcutaneous fat. In addition, there is soft tissue stranding seen of the lower pelvis. In addition, the uterus is not identified. Correlate with history of recent surgery. There is no free fluid or lymphadenopathy seen within the abdomen or pelvis. The bladder is within normal limits for technique.,No acute bony abnormalities appreciated. No suspicious osteoblastic or osteolytic lesions.,IMPRESSION:,1. Postoperative changes seen within the pelvis without appreciable evidence for free fluid.,2. Numerous subcentimeter nodules seen within the lung bases. Consider chest CT for further characterization. | nephrology, ct scan, abdominal pain, multiple axial images, abdomen and pelvis, adrenal glands, chest ct, coronal, gallbladder, kidneys, liver, lymphadenopathy, nodules, osteoblastic, osteolytic, pancreas, sagittal, spleen, with contrast, free fluid, ct, abdomen, pelvis, |
3,038 | CT abdomen without contrast and pelvis without contrast, reconstruction. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 5 | EXAM: , CT abdomen without contrast and pelvis without contrast, reconstruction.,REASON FOR EXAM: , Right lower quadrant pain, rule out appendicitis.,TECHNIQUE: ,Noncontrast CT abdomen and pelvis. An intravenous line could not be obtained for the use of intravenous contrast material.,FINDINGS: , The appendix is normal. There is a moderate amount of stool throughout the colon. There is no evidence of a small bowel obstruction or evidence of pericolonic inflammatory process. Examination of the extreme lung bases appear clear, no pleural effusions. The visualized portions of the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and pancreas appear normal given the lack of contrast. There is a small hiatal hernia. There is no intrarenal stone or evidence of obstruction bilaterally. There is a questionable vague region of low density in the left anterior mid pole region, this may indicate a tiny cyst, but it is not well seen given the lack of contrast. This can be correlated with a followup ultrasound if necessary. The gallbladder has been resected. There is no abdominal free fluid or pathologic adenopathy. There is abdominal atherosclerosis without evidence of an aneurysm.,Dedicated scans of the pelvis disclosed phleboliths, but no free fluid or adenopathy. There are surgical clips present. There is a tiny airdrop within the bladder. If this patient has not had a recent catheterization, correlate for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection.,IMPRESSION:,1.Normal appendix.,2.Moderate stool throughout the colon.,3.No intrarenal stones.,4.Tiny airdrop within the bladder. If this patient has not had a recent catheterization, correlate for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection. The report was faxed upon dictation. | nephrology, reconstruction, appendicitis, urinary tract infection, ct abdomen, abdomen, ct, pelvis, contrast, noncontrast, |
3,039 | Abnormal liver enzymes and diarrhea. CT pelvis with contrast and ct abdomen with and without contrast. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 11 | EXAM: , CT pelvis with contrast and ct abdomen with and without contrast.,INDICATIONS: ,Abnormal liver enzymes and diarrhea.,TECHNIQUE: , CT examination of the abdomen and pelvis was performed after 100 mL of intravenous contrast administration and oral contrast administration. Pre-contrast images through the abdomen were also obtained.,COMPARISON: ,There were no comparison studies.,FINDINGS: ,The lung bases are clear.,The liver demonstrates mild intrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation. These findings may be secondary to the patient's post cholecystectomy state. The pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys are unremarkable.,There is a 13 mm peripheral-enhancing fluid collection in the anterior pararenal space of uncertain etiology. There are numerous nonspecific retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes. These may be reactive; however, an early neoplastic process would be difficult to totally exclude.,There is a right inguinal hernia containing a loop of small bowel. This may produce a partial obstruction as there is mild fluid distention of several small bowel loops, particularly in the right lower quadrant. The large bowel demonstrates significant diverticulosis coli of the sigmoid and distal descending colon without evidence of diverticulitis.,There is diffuse osteopenia along with significant degenerative changes in the lower lumbar spine.,The urinary bladder is unremarkable. The uterus is not visualized.,IMPRESSION:,1. Right inguinal hernia containing small bowel. Partial obstruction is suspected.,2. Nonspecific retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes.,3. Thirteen millimeter of circumscribed fluid collection in the anterior pararenal space of uncertain etiology.,4. Diverticulosis without evidence of diverticulitis.,5. Status post cholecystectomy with mild intrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation.,6. Osteopenia and degenerative changes of the spine and pelvis. | nephrology, pre-contrast images, contrast, biliary ductal dilatation, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, fluid collection, inguinal hernia, ct abdomen, hernia, diverticulosis, diverticulitis, osteopenia, degenerative, spine, bowel, pelvis, ct, abdomen, |
3,040 | CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis without and with intravenous contrast. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 2 | EXAM: , CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis without and with intravenous contrast.,CLINICAL INDICATION: , Left lower quadrant abdominal pain.,COMPARISON: , None.,FINDINGS: , CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was performed without and with intravenous contrast. Total of 100 mL of Isovue was administered intravenously. Oral contrast was also administered.,The lung bases are clear. The liver is enlarged and decreased in attenuation. There are no focal liver masses.,There is no intra or extrahepatic ductal dilatation.,The gallbladder is slightly distended.,The adrenal glands, pancreas, spleen, and left kidney are normal.,A 12-mm simple cyst is present in the inferior pole of the right kidney. There is no hydronephrosis or hydroureter.,The appendix is normal.,There are multiple diverticula in the rectosigmoid. There is evidence of focal wall thickening in the sigmoid colon (image #69) with adjacent fat stranding in association with a diverticulum. These findings are consistent with diverticulitis. No pneumoperitoneum is identified. There is no ascites or focal fluid collection.,The aorta is normal in contour and caliber.,There is no adenopathy.,Degenerative changes are present in the lumbar spine.,IMPRESSION: , Findings consistent with diverticulitis. Please see report above. | nephrology, extrahepatic ductal dilatation, gallbladder, glands, pancreas, spleen, kidney, adrenal, abdomen and pelvis, ct scan, intravenous, abdomen, |
3,041 | CT Abdomen & Pelvis W&WO Contrast | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis | EXAM:, CT Abdomen & Pelvis W&WO Contrast, ,REASON FOR EXAM: , Status post aortobiiliac graft repair. , ,TECHNIQUE: , 5 mm spiral thick spiral CT scanning was performed through the entire abdomen and pelvis utilizing intravenous dynamic bolus contrast enhancement. No oral or rectal contrast was utilized. Comparison is made with the prior CT abdomen and pelvis dated 10/20/05. There has been no significant change in size of the abdominal aortic aneurysm centered roughly at the renal artery origin level which has dimensions of 3.7 cm transversely x 3.4 AP. Just below this level is the top of the endoluminal graft repair with numerous surrounding surgical clips. The size of the native aneurysm component at this level is stable at 5.5 cm in diameter with mural thrombus surrounding the enhancing endolumen. There is no abnormal entrance of contrast agent into the mural thrombus to indicate an endoluminal leak. Further distally, there is extension of the graft into both proximal common iliac arteries without evidence for endoluminal leak at this level either. No exoluminal leakage is identified at any level. There is no retroperitoneal hematoma present. The findings are unchanged from the prior exam. ,The liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenals and right kidney are unremarkable with moderate diffuse atrophy of the pancreas present. There is advanced atrophy of the left kidney. No hydronephrosis is present. No acute findings are identified elsewhere in the abdomen. ,The lung bases are clear. ,Concerning the remainder of the pelvis, no acute pathology is identified. There is prominent streak artifact from the left total hip replacement. There is diffuse moderate sigmoid diverticulosis without evidence for diverticulitis. The bladder grossly appears normal. A hysterectomy has been performed. ,IMPRESSION:,1. No complications identified regarding endoluminal aortoiliac graft repair as described. The findings are stable compared to the study of 10/20/04. ,2. Stable mild aneurysm of aortic aneurysm, centered roughly at renal artery level. ,3. No other acute findings noted. ,4. Advanced left renal atrophy. | nephrology, aortobiiliac graft repair, renal atrophy, ct abdomen & pelvis, w&wo contrast, aortic aneurysm, renal artery, mural thrombus, endoluminal leak, ct abdomen, ct, contrast, pelvis, abdomen, |
3,042 | Evaluate for retroperitoneal hematoma, the patient has been following, is currently on Coumadin. CT abdomen without contrast and CT pelvis without contrast. | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 10 | CT ABDOMEN WITHOUT CONTRAST AND CT PELVIS WITHOUT CONTRAST,REASON FOR EXAM: , Evaluate for retroperitoneal hematoma, the patient has been following, is currently on Coumadin.,CT ABDOMEN: , There is no evidence for a retroperitoneal hematoma.,The liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and pancreas are unremarkable. Within the superior pole of the left kidney, there is a 3.9 cm cystic lesion. A 3.3 cm cystic lesion is also seen within the inferior pole of the left kidney. No calcifications are noted. The kidneys are small bilaterally.,CT PELVIS: , Evaluation of the bladder is limited due to the presence of a Foley catheter, the bladder is nondistended. The large and small bowels are normal in course and caliber. There is no obstruction.,Bibasilar pleural effusions are noted.,IMPRESSION:,1. No evidence for retroperitoneal bleed.,2. There are two left-sided cystic lesions within the kidney, correlation with a postcontrast study versus further characterization with an ultrasound is advised as the cystic lesions appear slightly larger as compared to the prior exam.,3. The kidneys are small in size bilaterally.,4. Bibasilar pleural effusions. | nephrology, cystic lesion, superior pole, kidney, ct pelvis, ct abdomen, retroperitoneal hematoma, lesion, kidneys, bladder, bibasilar, pleural, effusions, lesions, pelvis, hematoma, retroperitoneal, cystic, ct, abdomen, |
3,043 | Type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin pump requiring. Chronic kidney disease, stage III. Sweet syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. | Nephrology | Chronic Kidney Disease Followup - 1 | PROBLEMS LIST:,1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin pump requiring.,2. Chronic kidney disease, stage III.,3. Sweet syndrome.,4. Hypertension.,5. Dyslipidemia.,6. Osteoporosis.,7. Anemia.,8. A 25-hydroxy-vitamin D deficiency.,9. Peripheral neuropathy manifested by insensate feet.,10. Hypothyroidism.,11. Diabetic retinopathy.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, This is a return visit to the renal clinic for the patient where she is followed up for diabetes and kidney disease management. Her last visit to this clinic was approximately three months ago. Since that time, the patient states that she has had some variability in her glucose control too largely to recent upper and lower respiratory illnesses. She did not seek attention for these, and the symptoms have begun to subside on their own and in the meantime, she continues to have some difficulties with blood sugar management. Her 14-day average is 191. She had a high blood sugar this morning, which she attributed to a problem with her infusion set; however, in the clinic after an appropriate correction bolus, she subsequently became quite low. She was treated appropriately with glucose and crackers, and her blood sugar came back up to over 100. She was able to manage this completely on her own. In the meantime, she is not having any other medical problems that have interfered with glucose control. Her diet has been a little bit different in that she had been away visiting with her family for some period of time as well.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS:,1. A number of topical creams for her rash.,2. Hydroxyzine 25 mg 4 times a day.,3. Claritin 5 mg a day.,4. Fluoxetine 20 mg a day.,5. Ergocalciferol 800 international units a day.,6. Protonix 40 mg a day.,7. Iron sulfate 1.2 cc every day.,8. Actonel 35 mg once a week.,9. Zantac 150 mg daily.,10. Calcium carbonate 500 mg 3 times a day.,11. NovoLog insulin via insulin pump about 30 units of insulin daily.,12. Zocor 40 mg a day.,13. Valsartan 80 mg daily.,14. Amlodipine 5 mg a day.,15. Plavix 75 mg a day.,16. Aspirin 81 mg a day.,17. Lasix 20 mg a day.,18. Levothyroxine 75 micrograms a day.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Really not much change. Her upper respiratory symptoms have resolved. She is not describing fevers, chills, sweats, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea or abdominal pain. She is not having any decreased appetite. She is not having painful urination, any blood in the urine, frequency or hesitancy. She is not having polyuria, polydipsia or polyphagia. Her visual acuity has declined, but she does not appear to have any acute change.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 36.1, pulse 56, respirations 16, blood pressure 117/48, and weight is 109.7 pounds. HEENT: Examination found her to be atraumatic and normocephalic. She has pupils that are equal, round, and reactive to light. Extraocular muscles intact. Sclerae and conjunctivae are clear. The paranasal sinuses are nontender. The nose is patent. The external auditory canal and tympanic membranes are clear A.U. Oral cavity and oropharynx examination is free of lesions. The mucosus membranes are moist. NECK: Supple. There is no lymphadenopathy. There is no thyromegaly. THORAX: Reveals lungs that are clear, PA and lateral, without adventitious sounds. CARDIOVASCULAR: Demonstrated regular rate and rhythm. EXTREMITIES: Reveal no edema and is otherwise deferred.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN: , This is a return visit to the renal clinic for the patient with history as noted above. She has had variability in her glucose control, and the plan today is to continue her current regimen, which includes the following: Basal rate, 12 a.m. 0.6 units per hour, 4 a.m. 0.7 units per hour, and 9 a.m. 0.6 units per hour. Her target pre-meal is 120 and bedtime is 150. Her insulin/carbohydrate ratio is 10 and her correction factor is 60. We are not going to make any changes to her insulin pump settings at this time. I have encouraged her to watch the number of processed high-calorie foods that she is consuming late at night. She has agreed to try that and cut back on this a little bit. I want to get fasting labs to include her standard labs for us today but include a fasting C-peptide and a hemoglobin A1C, so that we can make arrangements for her to get an upgraded insulin pump. She states to me that she has been having some battery problems in the recent past, although she says the last time that she went four weeks without having to change batteries and that is about the appropriate amount of time. Nonetheless, she is out of warranty and we will try to get her a new pump.,Plan to see the patient back here in approximately two months, and we will try to get the new pump through Medicare. | null |
3,044 | CT Abdomen and Pelvis with contrast | Nephrology | CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 1 | EXAM: , CT Abdomen and Pelvis with contrast ,REASON FOR EXAM:, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea for one day. Fever. Right upper quadrant pain for one day. ,COMPARISON: , None. ,TECHNIQUE:, CT of the abdomen and pelvis performed without and with approximately 54 ml Isovue 300 contrast enhancement. ,CT ABDOMEN: , Lung bases are clear. The liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and bilateral adrenal/kidneys are unremarkable. The aorta is normal in caliber. There is no retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. ,CT PELVIS: , The appendix is visualized along its length and is diffusely unremarkable with no surrounding inflammatory change. Per CT, the colon and small bowel are unremarkable. The bladder is distended. No free fluid/air. Visualized osseous structures demonstrate no definite evidence for acute fracture, malalignment, or dislocation.,IMPRESSION:,1. Unremarkable exam; specifically no evidence for acute appendicitis. ,2. No acute nephro-/ureterolithiasis. ,3. No secondary evidence for acute cholecystitis.,Results were communicated to the ER at the time of dictation. | nephrology, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, adrenal, kidneys, lymphadenopathy, abdomen and pelvis, contrast, ct |
3,045 | Chronic kidney disease, stage IV, secondary to polycystic kidney disease. Hypertension, which is finally better controlled. Metabolic bone disease and anemia. | Nephrology | Chronic Kidney Disease Followup | HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a followup for this 69-year-old African American gentleman with stage IV chronic kidney disease secondary to polycystic kidney disease. His creatinine has ranged between 4 and 4.5 over the past 6 months, since I have been following him. I have been trying to get him educated about end-stage kidney disease and we have been unsuccessful in getting him into classes. On his last visit, I really stressed the importance of him taking his medications adequately and not missing some of the doses, and he returns today with much better blood pressure control. He has also brought a machine at home, and states his blood pressure readings have been better. He has not gone to the transplant orientation class yet and has not been to dialysis education yet, and both of these I have discussed with him in the past. He also needs followup for his elevated PSA in the past, which has not been done for over 2 years and will likely need cardiac clearance if we ever are able to evaluate him for transplant.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Really negative. He continues to feel well. He denies any problems with shortness of breath, chest pain, swelling in his legs, nausea or vomiting, and his appetite remains good.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS:,1. Vytorin 10/40 mg one a day.,2. Rocaltrol 0.25 micrograms a day.,3. Carvedilol 12.5 mg twice a day.,4. Cozaar 50 mg twice a day.,5. Lasix 40 mg a day.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS: On exam, his blood pressure is 140/57, pulse 58, current weight is 67.1 kg, and again his blood pressure is markedly improved over his previous readings. GENERAL: He is a thin African American gentleman in no distress. LUNGS: Clear. CARDIOVASCULAR: Regular rate and rhythm. Normal S1 and S2. I did not appreciate a murmur. ABDOMEN: Soft. He has a very soft systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border. No rubs or gallops. EXTREMITIES: No significant edema.,LABORATORY DATA: , Today indicates that his creatinine is 4.5 and stable, ionized calcium 8.5, intact PTH 458, and hemoglobin stable at 10.9. He is not on EPO yet. His UA has been negative.,IMPRESSION:,1. Chronic kidney disease, stage IV, secondary to polycystic kidney disease. His estimated GFR is 16 mL per minute. He has no uremic symptoms.,2. Hypertension, which is finally better controlled.,3. Metabolic bone disease.,4. Anemia.,RECOMMENDATION:, He needs a number of things done in terms of followup and education. I gave him more information again about dialysis education and transplant, and instructed him he needs to go to these classes. I also gave him websites that he can get on to find out more information. I have not made any changes in his medications. He is getting blood work done prior to his next visit with me. I will check a PSA on him but he needs to get back into see urology, as his last PSA that I see was 37 and this was from 02/05. He will see me back in about 4 to 6 weeks. | nephrology, metabolic bone disease, anemia, polycystic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, blood pressure, transplant, metabolic, kidney |
3,046 | Marked right hydronephrosis without hydruria. | Nephrology | Consult - Hydronephrosis | CHIEF COMPLAINT:, Right hydronephrosis.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 56-year-old female who has a history of uterine cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma. She is scheduled to undergo mastectomy in two weeks. In September 1999, she was diagnosed with right breast cancer and underwent lumpectomy and axillary node dissection and radiation. Again, she is scheduled for mastectomy in two weeks. She underwent a recent PET scan for Dr. X, which revealed marked hydronephrosis on the right possibly related to right UPJ obstruction and there is probably a small nonobstructing stone in the upper pole of the right kidney. There was no dilation of the right ureter noted. Urinalysis today is microscopically negative.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Uterine cancer, mesothelioma, breast cancer, diabetes, hypertension.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , Lumpectomy, hysterectomy.,MEDICATIONS:, Diovan HCT 80/12.5 mg daily, metformin 500 mg daily.,ALLERGIES:, None.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Noncontributory.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, She is retired. Does not smoke or drink.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, I have reviewed his review of systems sheet and it is on the chart.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, Please see the physical exam sheet I completed. Abdomen is soft, nontender, nondistended, no palpable masses, no CVA tenderness.,IMPRESSION AND PLAN: , Marked right hydronephrosis without hydruria. She believes she had a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis at Hospital in 2005. I will try to obtain the report to see if the right kidney was evaluated at that time. She will need evaluation with an IVP and renal scan to determine the point of obstruction and renal function of the right kidney. She is quite anxious about her upcoming surgery and would like to delay any evaluation of this until the surgery is completed. She will call us back to schedule the x-rays. She understands the great importance and getting back in touch with us to schedule these x-rays due to the possibility that it may be somehow related to the cancer. There is also a question of a stone present in the kidney. She voiced a complete understanding of that and will call us after she recovers from her surgery to schedule these tests. | nephrology, hydruria, hydronephrosis, review of systems, uterine cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma, mastectomy, kidney, cancer, |
3,047 | Clogged AV shunt. The patient complains of fatigue, nausea, vomiting and fever. | Nephrology | Clogged AV Shunt - Consult | REASON FOR CONSULTATION: , Clogged AV shunt.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, This is a 32-year-old African-American male who came to ABCD General Hospital with the above chief complaint. The patient complains of fatigue, nausea, vomiting and fever. The patient states that the shunt was placed in February, although according to medical records it was placed in April and it has been periodically clogging since its placement. The patient had dialysis today, which is Saturday, for approximately one hour before the shunt no longer worked. The patient had been seen in the Emergency Room yesterday, 08/29/03, by Dr. X for the same problem. At that time, Dr. X felt that the patient should use the AV fistula during dialysis and after the fistula is able to be used, the PermCath on the right subclavian should be removed. As mentioned above, he had dialysis today and they were unable to use AV fistula as well as the PermCath read "did not work". The patient has had dialysis since January secondary to hypertension-induced renal failure. He takes dialysis Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at the ABCD Dialysis Center. He also was seen at XYZ and he had an apparent thrombectomy with reversal done a few days ago. The patient's history at this point is a little sketchy; however, he states that he left AMA. All other systems are reviewed and are negative.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for heart attack, chronic renal failure with dialysis, CHF, hypertension, and PermCath.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , AV fistula on the left arm and a PermCath.,ALLERGIES: , Penicillin.,MEDICATIONS: , Include metoprolol 100 mg two tablets b.i.d., Tylenol #3, Accupril 20 mg q.d., digoxin, Renocaps, aspirin, and Combivent.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , Half pack of tobacco x3 years. No alcohol, occasional marijuana, and no IV drug use. He lives alone, single and no children.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Vital signs: In Emergency Room, temperature 98.2, pulse 83, respirations 20, blood pressure 146/84 and 99% on room air. General: This is an alert and oriented African-American male x3 and in no acute distress. The patient is extremely lethargic and had to be aroused multiple times to answer questions. Mucous membranes are moist. HEENT: Head is normocephalic and atraumatic. There is no scleral icterus noted. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light. Extraocular muscles are intact. Cardiovascular: Shows a heart rate that is regular with a laterally displaced point of maximum intensity. There is no murmur, gallop, or rub noted. Lungs: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No wheeze, rhonchi or rales. Abdomen: Soft, nontender and nondistended. Bowel sounds are present. Extremities: Show left forearm with an incision that is well healed from a left AV fistula. There is a distal thrill palpable and there is some tenderness over the incisional area. There is no erythema or pus noted. Other extremities show peripheral pulses present and no edema.,LABORATORY VALUES: , Sodium 139, potassium 3.9, chloride 92, CO2 33, BUN 36, creatinine 9.2, and glucose 131. Digoxin 0.6, white count is 5.8, hemoglobin 11.7, hematocrit 34.9 and platelets are 252.,IMPRESSION:,1. Nonfunctional AV fistula.,2. End-stage renal disease.,3. Hypertension.,4. Status post MI.,5. Clogged PermCath.,PLAN:,1. Give the patient TPA to the shunt, PermCath in both feet.,2. To board for Tuesday for shunt repair if needed.,3. To dialyze as soon as possible.,4. To review previous operative report.,5. The patient will be contacted in the morning and told whether to go to dialysis or not. | null |
3,048 | Followup on chronic kidney disease. | Nephrology | Chronic Kidney Disease - Followup | REASON FOR VISIT:, Followup on chronic kidney disease.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, The patient is a 78-year-old gentleman with stage III chronic kidney disease who on his last visit with me presented with classic anginal symptoms. He was admitted to hospital and found to have an acute myocardial infarction. He had a complex hospital course, which resulted in cardiac catheterization and two stents being placed. His creatinine did pop above up to 3 but then came back to baseline. His hospital stay was also complicated by urinary retention requiring a catheter and Flomax. He returns today to re-establish care. Of note, he was noted to have atrial fibrillation while hospitalized and had massive epistaxis.,ALLERGIES:, None.,MEDICATIONS: , Starlix 120 mg b.i.d., Compazine b.i.d., aspirin 81 mg daily, Plavix 75 mg daily, glipizide 15 mg b.i.d., multivitamin daily, potassium 10 mEq daily, Cozaar 25 mg daily, Prilosec 20 mg daily, digoxin 0.125 mg every other day, vitamin C 250 mg daily, ferrous sulphate 325 mg b.i.d., metoprolol 6.25 mg daily, Lasix 80 mg b.i.d., Flomax 0.4 mg daily, Zocor 80 mg daily, and Tylenol p.r.n.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Stage III CKD with baseline creatinine in the 2 range.,2. Status post MI on May 30, 2006.,3. Coronary artery disease status post stents of the circumflex.,4. Congestive heart failure.,5. Atrial fibrillation.,6. COPD.,7. Diabetes.,8. Anemia.,9. Massive epistaxis.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Cardiovascular: No chest pain. He has occasional dyspnea on exertion. No orthopnea. No PND. He has occasional edema of his right leg. He has been dizzy and his dose of metoprolol has been gradually decreased. GU: No hematuria, foamy urine, pyuria, frequency, dysuria, weak stream or dribbling.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , VITAL SIGNS: Pulse 70. Blood pressure 114/58. Weight 79.5 kg. GENERAL: He is in no apparent distress. HEART: Irregularly irregular. No murmurs, rubs, or gallops. LUNGS: Clear bilaterally. ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender, and nondistended. EXTREMITIES: Trace edema on the right.,LABORATORY DATA: , Dated 07/05/06, hematocrit is 30.2, platelets 380, sodium 139, potassium 4.9, chloride 100, CO2 28, BUN 38, creatinine 2.2, glucose 226, calcium 9.7, and albumin 3.7.,IMPRESSION:,1. Stage III chronic kidney disease with return to baseline GFR of 31 mL/min. He is on an ARB.,2. Coronary artery disease, status post stenting.,3. Hypertension. Blood pressures are on the low side at present. I hesitate to increase his Cozaar although I would do this if tolerated in the future.,4. Anemia of renal disease. He is to start Aranesp.,5. ? Atrial fibrillation. We discussed anticoagulation issues involved with chronic Afib. He may be popping in and out or this could just be a sinus arrhythmia.,PLAN:,1. Check EKG.,2. Start Aranesp 60 mcg every two weeks.,3. Otherwise see him in four months.,4. If EKG shows atrial fibrillation, I wanted to talk to Dr. XYZ about Coumadin. | null |
3,049 | This is a 48-year-old black male with stage IV chronic kidney disease likely secondary to HIV nephropathy, although there is no history of renal biopsy, who has been noncompliant with the Renal Clinic and presents today for followup at the recommendation of his Infection Disease doctors. | Nephrology | Chronic Kidney Disease - Consult | HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 48-year-old black male with stage IV chronic kidney disease, likely secondary to HIV nephropathy who presents to clinic for followup having missed prior clinic appointments. He was last seen in this clinic on 05/29/2007 by Dr. X. This is the first time that I have met the patient. The patient's history of renal insufficiency dates back to 06/2006 when he was hospitalized for an HIV-associated complication. He is unclear of the exact reason for his hospitalization at that time, but he was diagnosed with renal insufficiency and was followed in our Renal Clinic for approximately one year. He had a baseline creatinine during that time of between 3.2 to 3.3. When he was initially diagnosed with renal insufficiency, he had been noncompliant with his HAART regimen. Since that time, he has been very compliant with treatment for his HIV and is seeing Dr. Y in our Infectious Disease Clinic. He is currently on three-drug antiretroviral therapy. His last CD4 count in 03/2008 was 350. He has had no HIV complications since he was last seen in our clinic. The patient is also followed by Dr. Z at the outpatient VA Clinic, here in ABCD, although he has not seen her in approximately one year. The patient has an AV fistula that was placed in late 2006. The latest blood work that I have is from 06/11/2008 and shows a serum creatinine of 3.8, which represents a GFR of 22 and a potassium of 5.9. These laboratories were drawn by his infectious disease doctor and the results prompted their recommendation for him to return to our clinic for further evaluation. The only complaint that the patient has at this time is some difficulty sleeping. He was given Ambien by his primary care doctor, but this has not helped significantly with his difficulty sleeping. He says that he has trouble getting to sleep. The Ambien will allow him to sleep for about two hours, and then he is awake again. He is tired during the day, but is not taking any daytime naps. He has no history of excessive snoring or apneic periods. He has no history of falling asleep at work or while driving. He has never had a formal sleep study. He does continue to work in sales at a local butcher shop.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: ,He denies any change in his appetite. He has actually gained some weight in recent months. He denies any nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort. He denies any pruritus. He denies any lower extremity edema. All other systems are reviewed and negative.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Stage IV chronic kidney disease with most recent GFR of 22.,2. HIV diagnosed in 09/2006 with the most recent CD4 count of 350 in 03/2008.,3. Hyperlipidemia.,4. Hypertension.,5. Secondary hyperparathyroidism.,6. Status post right upper extremity AV fistula in the fall of 2006.,7. History of a right brachial plexus palsy.,8. Recent lower back pain, status post lumbar steroid injection.,ALLERGIES:, HE SAYS THAT VITAMIN D HAS CAUSED HEADACHES.,MEDICATIONS:,1. Kaletra daily.,2. Epivir one daily.,3. Ziagen two daily.,4. Lasix 20 mg b.i.d.,5. Valsartan 20 mg b.i.d.,6. Ambien 10 mg q.h.s.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He lives here in ABCD. He is employed at the sales counter of a local butcher shop. He continues to smoke one pack of cigarettes daily, as he has for the past 28 years. He denies any alcohol or illicit substances.,FAMILY HISTORY:, His mother is deceased. He said that she had some type of paralysis before she died. His father is deceased at age 64 of a head and neck cancer. He has a 56-year-old brother with type-two diabetes and blindness secondary to diabetic retinopathy. He has a 41-year-old brother who has hypertension. He has a sister who has thyroid disease.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS: Weight is 191 pounds. His temperature is 97.1. Pulse is 94. Blood pressure by automatic cuff 173/97, by manual cuff 180/90.,HEENT: His oropharynx is clear without thrush or ulceration.,NECK: Supple without lymphadenopathy or thyromegaly.,HEART: Regular with normal S1 and S2. There are no murmurs, rubs, or gallops. He has no JVD.,LUNGS: Clear to auscultation bilaterally without wheezes, rhonchi, or crackles.,ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender, nondistended, without abdominal bruit or organomegaly.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: He has difficulty with abduction of his right shoulder.,ACCESS: He has a right forearm AV fistula with an audible bruit and a palpable thrill. There is no sign of stenosis. The vascular access looks like it is ready to use.,EXTREMITIES: No peripheral edema.,SKIN: No bruises, petechiae, or rash.,LABS: ,Sodium was 140, potassium 5.9, chloride 114, bicarbonate 18. BUN is 49, creatinine 4.3. GFR is 19. Albumin 3.2. Protein 7. AST 17, ALT 16, alkaline phosphatase 106. Total bilirubin 0.4. Calcium 9.1., phosphorus 4.7, PTH of 448. The corrected calcium was 9.7. WBC is 8.9, hemoglobin 13.4, platelet 226. Total cholesterol 234, triglycerides 140, LDL 159, HDL 47. His ferritin is 258, iron is 55, and percent sat is 24.,IMPRESSION: ,This is a 48-year-old black male with stage IV chronic kidney disease likely secondary to HIV nephropathy, although there is no history of renal biopsy, who has been noncompliant with the Renal Clinic and presents today for followup at the recommendation of his Infection Disease doctors.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1. Renal. His serum creatinine is progressively worsening. His creatinine was 3.2 the last time we saw him in 05/2007 and today is 4.3. This represents a GFR of 19. This is stage IV chronic kidney disease. He does have vascular access and this appears to be ready to use. He is having some difficulty sleeping and it is possible that this represents some early signs of uremia. Otherwise, he has no signs or symptoms of uremia at this time. I am going to touch base with the dialysis educator and try to get The patient in to the dialysis teaching classes. He has already received some literature for the dialysis teaching, but has not yet enrolled in the classes. I have encouraged him to continue to exercise his right forearm. I am also going to contact the transplant coordinator and see if he can be evaluated for possible transplant. Given his progression of his chronic kidney disease, I will anticipate that he will need to start dialysis soon.,2. Hypertension. I have added labetolol 100 mg b.i.d. to his antihypertensive regimen. He shows no signs at this point of volume overload, although if he does demonstrate this in the future, his Lasix could be increased. Goal blood pressure would be less than 130/80.,3. Hyperkalemia. I am going to instruct him in a low-potassium diet and decrease his valsartan to 20 mg daily. I will have him return in one week to recheck his potassium. If his potassium continues to remain elevated, he may require initiation of dialysis for this.,4. Bone metabolism. His PTH is elevated and I am going to add PhosLo 800 mg t.i.d. with meals. His corrected calcium is 9.7, and I would like to avoid calcium-containing phosphate bonders in this situation.,5. Acid base. His bicarbonate is 18 and I will initiate the sodium bicarbonate 650 mg three tablets t.i.d.,6. Anemia. His hemoglobin is at goal for this stage of chronic kidney disease. His iron stores are adequate. | null |
3,050 | Left forearm arteriovenous fistula between cephalic vein and radial artery. | Nephrology | AV Fistula - 5 | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. End-stage renal disease, hypertension, diabetes, need for chronic arteriovenous access.,2. Ischemic cardiomyopathy, ejection fraction 20%.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. End-stage renal disease, hypertension, diabetes, need for chronic arteriovenous access.,2. Ischemic cardiomyopathy, ejection fraction 20%.,OPERATION,Left forearm arteriovenous fistula between cephalic vein and radial artery.,INDICATION FOR SURGERY,This is a patient referred by Dr. Michael Campbell. He is a 44-year-old African-American, who has end-stage renal disease and also ischemic cardiomyopathy. This morning, he received coronary angiogram by Dr. A, which was reportedly normal, after which, he was brought to the operating room for an AV fistula. All the advantages, disadvantages, risks, and benefits of the procedure were explained to him for which he had consented.,ANESTHESIA,Monitored anesthesia care.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE,The patient was identified, brought to the operating room, placed supine, and IV sedation given. This was done under monitored anesthesia care. He was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. He received local infiltration of 0.25% Marcaine with epinephrine in the region of the proposed incision.,Incision was about 2.5 cm long between the cephalic vein and the distal part of the forearm and the radial artery. Incision was deepened down through the subcutaneous fascia. The vein was identified, dissected for a good length, and then the artery was identified and dissected. Heparin 5000 units was given. The artery clamped proximally and distally, opened up in the middle. It was found to have Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis of a moderate intensity. The vein was of good caliber and size.,The vein was clipped distally, fashioned to size and shape, and arteriotomy created in the distal radial artery and end-to-side anastomosis was performed using 7-0 Prolene and bled prior to tying it down. Thrill was immediately felt and heard.,The incision was closed in two layers and sterile dressing applied. | nephrology, end-stage renal disease, av fistula, marcaine with epinephrine, monckeberg's, monitored anesthesia care, angiogram, arteriosclerosis, arteriovenous fistula, cephalic vein, ischemic cardiomyopathy, radial artery, subcutaneous fascia, arteriovenous, forearm, ischemic |
3,051 | Creation of autologous right brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula - first stage. | Nephrology | AV Fistula - 4 | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. End-stage renal disease.,2. Left subclavian vein occlusion.,3. Status post chronic tracheostomy.,4. Status post coronary artery bypass grafting.,5. Right subclavian vein stenosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. End-stage renal disease.,2. Left subclavian vein occlusion.,3. Status post chronic tracheostomy.,4. Status post coronary artery bypass grafting.,5. Right subclavian vein stenosis.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE,Creation of autologous right brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula - first stage.,INDICATIONS FOR THE PROCEDURE,This patient has a known left subclavian vein occlusion. The right subclavian vein has an estimated 50% stenosis. The patient has a catheter traversed in the right innominate vein. The right basilic vein was judged to be suitable for usage on vein mapping.,OPERATIVE FINDINGS,The basilic vein was of an adequate size, but somewhat sclerotic. A first stage autologous right brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula was created. A grade 2 was felt at completion.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE IN DETAIL,After informed consent was obtained, the patient was taken to the operating room. The patient was placed in the supine position. The patient received regional nerve block. The patient also received intravenous sedation. The right arm was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. We used ultrasound to locate the basilic vein at the cubital fossa.,A small transverse incision was made slightly above the basilic vein. The basilic vein was identified and immobilized. The basilic vein was of a good size, but somewhat sclerotic. The underlying fascia was incised and the brachial artery was identified and immobilized. The brachial artery was normal. We then divided the basilic vein distally. The distal end was ligated using silk suture. The brachial artery was clamped proximally and distally. A small longitudinal arteriotomy was made in the brachial artery. We did not give heparin. The end of the basilic vein was then sewn end-to-side to the brachial artery using a running 7-0 Prolene suture. ,Just prior to completion of the anastomosis, it was flushed and anastomosis was completed. Flow was then established. A grade 2 was felt in the outflow basilic fistula. Hemostasis was secured. The wound was then closed in layers using interrupted PDS sutures for the fascia and a running 4-0 Monocryl subcuticular suture for the skin. A sterile dry dressing was applied.,The patient tolerated the procedure well. There were no operative complications. The sponge, instrument, and needle counts were correct at the end of the case. I was present and participated in all aspects of the procedure. The patient was transferred to the recovery room in satisfactory condition. | nephrology, end-stage renal disease, left subclavian vein occlusion, arteriovenous fistula, artery bypass grafting, autologous, basilic vein, brachial artery, brachiobasilic, clamped, fistula, sclerotic, subclavian vein, subclavian vein stenosis, tracheostomy, brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula, subclavian vein occlusion, vein occlusion, subclavian, basilic, artery, |
3,052 | Acute renal failure, probable renal vein thrombosis, hypercoagulable state, and deep venous thromboses with pulmonary embolism. | Nephrology | Azotemia Consult | REASON FOR CONSULTATION: , Azotemia.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,The patient is a 36-year-old gentleman admitted to the hospital because he passed out at home.,Over the past week, he has been noticing increasing shortness of breath. He also started having some abdominal pain; however, he continued about his regular activity until the other day when he passed out at home. His wife called paramedics and he was brought to the emergency room.,The patient has had a workup at this time which shows bilateral pulmonary infarcts. He has been started on heparin and we are asked to see him because of increasing BUN and creatinine.,The patient has no past history of any renal problems. He feels that he has been in good health until this current episode. His appetite has been good. He denies swelling in his feet or ankles. He denies chest pain. He denies any problems with bowel habits. He denies any unexplained weight loss. He denies any recent change in bowel habits or recent change in urinary habits.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: A gentleman seen who appears his stated age.,VITAL SIGNS: Blood pressure is 130/70.,CHEST: Chest expands equally bilaterally. Breath sounds are heard bilaterally.,HEART: Had a regular rhythm, no gallops or rubs.,ABDOMEN: Obese. There is no organomegaly. There are no bruits. There is no peripheral edema. He has good pulse in all 4 extremities. He has good muscle mass.,LABORATORY DATA: , The patient's current chemistries include a hemoglobin of 14.8, white count of 16.3, his sodium 133, potassium 5.1, chloride 104, CO2 of 19, a BUN of 26, and a creatinine of 3.5. On admission to the hospital, his creatinine on 6/27/2009 was 0.9.,The patient has had several studies including a CAT scan of his abdomen, which shows poor perfusion to his right kidney.,IMPRESSION:,1. Acute renal failure, probable renal vein thrombosis.,2. Hypercoagulable state.,3. Deep venous thromboses with pulmonary embolism.,DISCUSSION: , We are presented with a 36-year-old gentleman who has been in good health until this current event. He most likely has a hypercoagulable state and has bilateral pulmonary emboli. Most likely, the patient has also had emboli to his renal veins and it is causing renal vein thrombosis.,Interestingly, the urine protein was obtained which is not that elevated and I would suspect that it would have been higher. Unfortunately, the patient has been exposed to IV dye and my anxiety is that this too is contributing to his current problem.,The patient's urine output is about 30 to 40 mL per hour.,Several chemistries have been ordered. A triple renal scan has been ordered.,I reviewed all of this with the patient and his wife. Hopefully under his current anticoagulation, there will be some resolution of his renal vein thrombosis. If not and his renal failure progresses, we are looking at dialytic intervention. Both he and his wife were aware of this. ,Thank you very much for asking to see this acutely ill gentleman in consultation with you. | nephrology, urine output, deep venous thromboses, renal failure, pulmonary embolism, renal, azotemia, hypercoagulable, vein, thrombosis, pulmonary, |
3,053 | Right basilic vein transposition. End-stage renal disease with need for a long-term hemodialysis access. Excellent flow through fistula following the procedure. | Nephrology | Basilic Vein Transposition | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, End-stage renal disease with need for a long-term hemodialysis access.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , End-stage renal disease with need for a long-term hemodialysis access.,PROCEDURE: , Right basilic vein transposition.,ANESTHESIA: ,General endotracheal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,FINDINGS:, Excellent flow through fistula following the procedure.,STATEMENT OF MEDICAL NECESSITY: ,The patient is a 68-year-old black female who recently underwent a brachiobasilic AV fistula, but without transposition. She has good flow, excellent physical exam, and now is ready for superficialization of the basilic vein. After discussing the risks and benefits of the procedure with the patient preoperatively, the patient voiced understanding and signed informed consent.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: ,The patient was taken to the operating room, placed supine on the operating table. After adequate general endotracheal anesthesia was obtained, the right arm was circumferentially prepped and draped in a standard sterile fashion. A longitudinal incision was made from just above the antecubital crease along the medial aspect of the arm overlying the palpable thrill using a 15 blade knife. The sharp dissection was then used to identify dissection created of the basilic vein from its surrounding tissues. This was continued and the incision was elongated up the arm as the vein was exposed in a serial fashion. Branch points were then taken down using multitude of techniques based upon the luminal diameter of the branch before transection. The basilic vein was ultimately freed in its entirety from just above the antecubital crease to the axilla at the level of the axillary vein. There was noted to be excellent flow through the vein. A pocket was then created just lateral to the incision in the subcutaneous tissue. The vein was then placed into this pocket securing with multiple interrupted 3-0 Vicryl sutures. The bed of dissection of the basilic vein was then treated with fibrin sealant. The subcutaneous tissue was then reapproximated with 3-0 Vicryl sutures in interrupted fashion. The skin was closed using 4-0 Monocryl suture for a subcuticular stitch. Dermabond was applied to the incision. Again, there was noted to be good palpable thrill throughout the superficialized vein. The patient was then awakened, and taken to the recovery room in stable condition. | nephrology, end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, av fistula, brachiobasilic, basilic vein transposition, hemodialysis access, vein, basilic, |
3,054 | Patient with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and stage III CKD. | Nephrology | Acute Kidney Failure | REASON FOR VISIT: , Acute kidney failure.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 68-year-old Korean gentleman with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes and stage III CKD with a creatinine of 1.8 in May 2006 corresponding with the GFR of 40-41 mL/min. The patient had blood work done at Dr. XYZ's office on June 01, 2006, which revealed an elevation in his creatinine up to 2.3. He was asked to come in to see a nephrologist for further evaluation. I am therefore asked by Dr. XYZ to see this patient in consultation for evaluation of acute on chronic kidney failure. The patient states that he was actually taking up to 12 to 13 pills of Chinese herbs and dietary supplements for the past year. He only stopped about two or three weeks ago. He also states that TriCor was added about one or two months ago but he is not sure of the date. He has not had an ultrasound but has been diagnosed with prostatic hypertrophy by his primary care doctor and placed on Flomax. He states that his urinary dribbling and weak stream had not improved since doing this. For the past couple of weeks, he has had dizziness in the morning. This is then associated with low glucose. However the patient's blood glucose this morning was 123 and he still was dizzy. This was worse on standing. He states that he has been checking his blood pressure regularly at home because he has felt so bad and that he has gotten under 100/60 on several occasions. His pulses remained in the 60s.,ALLERGIES: , None.,MEDICATIONS: , Imdur 20 mg two to three times daily, nitroglycerin p.r.n., insulin 70/30 40/45 units daily, Zetia 10 mg daily, ? Triglide 50 mg daily, Prevacid 30 mg daily, Plavix 75 mg daily, potassium 10 mEq daily, Lasix 60 mg daily, folate 1 mg b.i.d., Niaspan 500 mg daily, atenolol 50 mg daily, enalapril 10 mg b.i.d., glyburide 10 mg b.i.d., Xanax 0.25 mg b.i.d., aspirin 325 mg daily, Tylenol p.r.n., Zantac 150 mg b.i.d., Crestor 5 mg daily, TriCor 145 mg daily, Digitek 0.125 mg daily, Celexa 20 mg daily, and Flomax 0.4 mg daily.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Coronary artery disease status post CABG x 5 in December 2001.,2. Three stents last placed approximately 2002.,3. Heart failure, ejection fraction of 30%.,4. Hypertension since 1985.,5. Diabetes since 1985 with history of laser surgery.,6. Moderate mitral regurgitation.,7. GI bleed.,8. Hyperlipidemia.,9. BPH.,10. Back surgery.,11. Sleep apnea.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He is a former tailor from Korea. He is divorced. He has one daughter who has brain injury status post severe seizure as a child. He is the primary caregiver. No drug abuse. He quit tobacco and alcohol 15 years ago.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Parents both died in Korea. Has one sister with hypertension and the other sister lives in Detroit and is healthy.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , He has lost about 10 pounds over the past month. He has been fatigue and weak with no appetite. He has occasional chest pain and dyspnea on exertion on fast walking. His lower extremity edema has improved with higher doses of furosemide. He does complain of some early satiety. He complains of urinary frequency, nocturia, weak stream and dribbling. He has never passed the stone. He gets dizzy when his blood sugars are in the 40s to 60s but now this is continuing with him running, glucose is in the 120s. He has some right back pain today and complains of farsightedness. The remainder of review of systems is done and negative per the patient.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, VITAL SIGNS: Pulse 78. Blood pressure 116/60. Height 5'7" per the patient. Weight 78.6 kg. Supine pulse 60 with blood pressure 128/55. Standing pulse 60 with blood pressure of 132/50. GENERAL: He is in no apparent distress, but he is dizzy on standing for prolonged period. Eyes: Pupils equal, round and reactive to light. Extraocular movements are intact. Sclerae not icteric. HEENT: He wears upper and lower dentures. Lips acyanotic. Hearing is grossly intact. Oropharynx is otherwise clear. NECK: Supple. No JVD. No bruits. No masses. HEART: Regular rate and rhythm. No murmurs, rubs or gallops. LUNGS: Clear bilaterally. ABDOMEN: Active bowel sounds. Soft, nontender, and nondistended. No suprapubic tenderness. EXTREMITIES: No clubbing, cyanosis or edema. MUSCULOSKELETAL: 5/5 strength bilaterally. No synovitis, arthritis or gait disturbance. SKIN: Old scars in his low back as well as his left lower extremity. No active rashes, purpura or petechiae. Midline sternotomy scar is well healed. NEUROLOGIC: Cranial nerves II through XII are intact. Reflexes are poor to 1+ bilaterally. 10 g monofilament sensation is intact except for the big toes bilaterally. No asterixis. Finger-to-nose testing is intact. PSYCHIATRIC: Fully alert and oriented.,LABORATORY DATA:, December 2004, creatinine was 1.5. Per report May 2006, creatinine was 1.8 with a BUN of 28. Labs dated 06/01/06, hematocrit was 32.3, white blood cell count 7.2, platelets 263,000, sodium 139, potassium 4.9, chloride 100, CO2 25, BUN 46, creatinine 2.3, glucose 162, albumin 4.7, LFTs are normal. CK was elevated at 653. A1c is 7.6%. LDL cholesterol is 68, HDL is 35. Urinalysis reveals microalbumin to creatinine ratio 59.8. UA was otherwise negative with a pH of 5. Today his urinalysis showed specific gravity 1.020, negative glucose, bilirubin, ketones and blood, 30 mg/dL of protein, pH of 5, negative nitrates, leukocyte esterase. Microscopic exam was bland.,IMPRESSION:,1. Acute on chronic kidney failure. He has underlying stage III CKD with the GFR approximately 41 mL/min. He has episodic hypotension at home and low diastolic pressure here. His weight is down 2 to 3 Kg from June and he may be prerenal. He also has a history of prostatic hypertrophy and obstruction must be investigated. I am also concerned about his use of Chinese herbs which can cause chronic interstitial nephritis. There is no evidence of pyuria today although this can present with a fairly bland sediment. An additional concern is that TriCor can cause an artifactual increase in the creatinine due to changes in metabolism. I think this would be a diagnosis of exclusion.,2. Orthostatic hypotension. He is maintaining systolic but his diastolic pressures are gotten in to a point where he may not be perfusing his brain well.,3. Elevated creatine kinase consistent with myositis. It could be a result of Crestor alone or combination of TriCor and Crestor. I do not think this is enough to cause rhabdomyolysis, however.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1. The patient was cautioned about using NSAIDs and told to avoid any further Chinese herbs.,2. Recheck labs including CBC with differential, SPEP, uric acid and renal panel.,3. Decrease atenolol to 25 mg daily.,4. Decrease enalapril to 10 mg daily.,5. Decrease Lasix to 20 mg daily.,6. Stop Crestor.,7. Check renal ultrasound.,8. See him back in two weeks for review of the studies. | null |
3,055 | Creation of AV fistula, left wrist in the anatomic snuffbox. | Nephrology | AV Fistula - 3 | TITLE OF PROCEDURE,Creation of AV fistula, left wrist in the anatomic snuffbox.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,End-stage renal disease, need for chronic access.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,End-stage renal disease, need for chronic access.,INDICATION OF THE PROCEDURE,This 74-year-old lady was referred by Dr. P for placement of an AV fistula. She has been on dialysis since December 2006 by a PermCath placed in her right internal jugular vein. She undergoes dialysis on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at DaVita in Alameda and is under the care of Dr. P. She underwent coronary bypass surgery in 2000 and her cardiologist is Dr. T. She lives with her husband and she also has a son at home and she is a very active lady. She is right handed. The plan was to place an AV fistula at the left wrist. The risks and benefits were fully explained to her. She elected to proceed as planned.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL,In the operating room, under monitored anesthesia care with intravenous sedation, she was prepped and draped surgically. Lidocaine 1% was used for local anesthesia in the anatomic snuffbox at the left wrist. The cephalic vein was exposed. The superficial branch of the radial artery was carefully protected and the radial artery was exposed. There was moderate calcification of the radial artery.,The patient was heparinized and end-to-side anastomosis was performed between the cephalic vein and radial artery using a 7-0 Prolene suture. There was an excellent Doppler signal in the cephalic vein all the way up the arm upon completion.,The wound was closed using absorbable suture and she was transferred to Recovery. There were no complications. | nephrology, av fistula, end-stage renal disease, permcath, chronic access, jugular vein, monitored anesthesia, monitored anesthesia care, prepped and draped, snuffbox, superficial branch, creation of av fistula, cephalic vein, radial artery, radial, artery, fistula |
3,056 | Venogram of the left arm and creation of left brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula. | Nephrology | AV Fistula - 1 | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,End-stage renal disease.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,End-stage renal disease.,PROCEDURE,Venogram of the left arm and creation of left brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula.,ANESTHESIA,General.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE,The patient was taken to the operating room where after induction of general anesthetic, the patient's arm was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. The IV catheter was inserted into the vein on the lower surface of the left forearm. Venogram was performed, which demonstrated adequate appearance of the cephalic vein above the elbow.,Through a transverse incision, the cephalic vein and brachial artery were both exposed at the antecubital fossa. The cephalic vein was divided, and the proximal end was anastomosed to the artery in an end-to-side fashion with a running 6-0 Prolene suture.,The clamps were removed establishing flow through the fistula. Hemostasis was obtained. The wound was closed in layers with PDS sutures. Sterile dressing was applied. The patient was taken to recovery room in stable condition. | nephrology, end-stage renal disease, prolene suture, venogram, antecubital fossa, arteriovenous, arteriovenous fistula, brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula, cephalic vein, fistula, prepped and draped, brachiocephalic, cephalic, vein |
3,057 | He continues to have abdominal pain, and he had a diuretic renal scan, which indicates no evidence of obstruction and good differential function bilaterally. | Letters | Pediatric Urology Letter | XYZ, M.D. ,Suite 123, ABC Avenue ,City, STATE 12345 ,RE: XXXX, XXXX ,MR#: 0000000,Dear Dr. XYZ: ,XXXX was seen in followup in the Pediatric Urology Clinic. I appreciate you speaking with me while he was in clinic. He continues to have abdominal pain, and he had a diuretic renal scan, which indicates no evidence of obstruction and good differential function bilaterally. ,When I examined him, he seems to indicate that his pain is essentially in the lower abdomen in the suprapubic region; however, on actual physical examination, he seems to complain of pain through his entire right side. His parents have brought up the question of whether this could be gastrointestinal in origin and that is certainly an appropriate consideration. They also feel that since he has been on Detrol, his pain levels have been somewhat worse, and so, I have given them the option of stopping the Detrol initially. I think he should stay on MiraLax for management of his bowels. I would also suggest that he be referred to Pediatric Gastroenterology for evaluation. If they do not find any abnormalities from a gastrointestinal perspective, then the next step would be to endoscope his bladder and then make sure that he does not have any evidence of bladder anatomic abnormalities that is leading to this pain. ,Thank you for following XXXX along with us in Pediatric Urology Clinic. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. ,Sincerely yours, | letters, differential function, diuretic renal scan, abdominal pain, renal scan, pediatric urology, |
3,058 | Vasectomy 10 years ago, failed. Azoospermic. Reversal two years ago. Interested in sperm harvesting and cryopreservation | Letters | Urology Letter | Sample Address,RE: Sample Patient,Wife's name: Sample Name,Dear Sample Doctor:,Mr. Sample Patient was seen on Month DD, YYYY, describing a vasectomy 10 years ago and a failed vasectomy reversal done almost two years ago at the University of Michigan. He has remained azoospermic postoperatively. The operative note suggests the presence of some sperm and sperm head on the right side at the time of the vasectomy reversal.,He states that he is interested in sperm harvesting and cryopreservation prior to the next attempted ovulation induction for his wife. Apparently, several attempts at induction have been tried and due to some anatomic abnormality, they have been unsuccessful.,At the time that he left the office, he was asking for cryopreservation. At the time of sperm harvesting, I recently received a phone call suggesting that he does not want to do this at all unless his wife's ovulation has been confirmed and it appears then that he may be interested in a fresh specimen harvest. I look forward to hearing from you regarding the actual plan so that we can arrange our procedure appropriately. At his initial request, Month DD, YYYY was picked as the date for scheduled harvesting, although this may change if you require fresh specimen.,Thank you very much for the opportunity to have seen him.,Sample Doctor, M.D. | letters, urology, letter, urology letter, azoospermic, cryopreservation, specimen harvest, sperm harvesting, vasectomy, vasectomy reversal, fresh specimen, reversal, sperm, |
3,059 | Diagnosis of benign rolandic epilepsy. | Letters | Rolandic Epilepsy | City, State,Dear Dr. Y:,I had the pleasure of seeing ABC today back in Neurology Clinic where he has been followed previously by Dr. Z. His last visit was in June 2006, and he carries a diagnosis of benign rolandic epilepsy. To review, his birth was unremarkable. He is a second child born to a G3, P1 to 2 female. He has had normal development, and is a bright child in 7th grade. He began having seizures, however, at 9 years of age. It is manifested typically as generalized tonic-clonic seizures upon awakening or falling into sleep. He also had smaller spells with more focal convulsion and facial twitching. His EEGs have shown a pattern consistent with benign rolandic epilepsy (central temporal sharp waves both of the right and left hemisphere). Most recent EEG in May 2006 shows the same abnormalities.,ABC initially was placed on Tegretol, but developed symptoms of toxicity (hallucinations) on this medication, he was switched to Trileptal. He has done very well taking 300 mg twice a day without any further seizures. His last event was the day of his last EEG when he was sleep deprived and was off medication. That was a convulsion lasting 5 minutes. He has done well otherwise. Parents deny that he has any problems with concentration. He has not had any behavior issues. He is an active child and participates in sports and some motocross activities. He has one older sibling and he lives with his parents. Father manages Turkey farm with foster farms. Mother is an 8th grade teacher.,Family history is positive for a 3rd cousin, who has seizures, but the specific seizure type is not known. There is no other relevant family history.,Review of systems is positive for right heel swelling and tenderness to palpation. This is perhaps due to sports injury. He has not sprained his ankle and does not have any specific acute injury around the time that this was noted. He does also have some discomfort in the knees and ankles in the general sense with activities. He has no rashes or any numbness, weakness or loss of skills. He has no respiratory or cardiovascular complaints. He has no nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal complaints.,Past medical history is otherwise unremarkable.,Other workup includes CT scan and MRI scan of the brain, which are both normal.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: The patient is a well-nourished, well-hydrated male in no acute distress. VITAL SIGNS: His weight today is 80.6 pounds. Height is 58-1/4 inches. Blood pressure 113/66. Head circumference 36.3 cm. HEENT: Atraumatic, normocephalic. Oropharynx shows no lesions. NECK: Supple without adenopathy. CHEST: Clear auscultation.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Regular rate and rhythm. No murmurs. ABDOMEN: Benign without organomegaly. EXTREMITIES: No clubbing, cyanosis or edema. NEUROLOGIC: The patient is alert and oriented. His cognitive skills appear normal for his age. His speech is fluent and goal-directed. He follows instructions well. His cranial nerves reveal his pupils equal, round, and reactive to light. Extraocular movements are intact. Visual fields are full. Disks are sharp bilaterally. Face moves symmetrically with normal sensation. Palate elevates midline. Tongue protrudes midline. Hearing is intact bilaterally. Motor exam reveals normal strength and tone. Sensation intact to light touch and vibration. His gait is nonataxic with normal heel-toe and tandem. Finger-to-nose, finger-nose-finger, rapid altering movements are normal. Deep tendon reflexes are 2+ and symmetric.,IMPRESSION: ,This is an 11-year-old male with benign rolandic epilepsy, who is followed over the past 2 years in our clinic. Most recent electroencephalogram still shows abnormalities, but it has not been done since May 2006. The plan at this time is to repeat his electroencephalogram, follow his electroencephalogram annually until it reveres to normal. At that time, he will be tapered off of medication. I anticipate at some point in the near future, within about a year or so, he will actually be taken off medication. For now, I will continue on Trileptal 300 mg twice a day, which is a low starting dose for him. There is no indication that his dose needs to be increased. Family understands the plan. We will try to obtain an electroencephalogram in the near future in Modesto and followup is scheduled for 6 months. Parents will contact us after the electroencephalogram is done so they can get the results.,Thank you very much for allowing me to access ABC for further management. | letters, tonic-clonic seizures, benign rolandic epilepsy, rolandic epilepsy, epilepsy, seizures, electroencephalogram, |
3,060 | A pleasant gentleman with a history of Wilson's disease who has been treated with penicillamine. | Letters | Wilson's Disease - Letter | Doctor's Address,Dear Doctor:,This letter is an introduction to my patient, A, who you will be seeing in the near future. He is a pleasant gentleman with a history of Wilson's disease. It has been treated with penicillamine. He was diagnosed with this at age 14. He was on his way to South Carolina for a trip when he developed shortness of breath, palpitations, and chest discomfort. He went to the closest hospital that they were near in Randolph, North Carolina and he was found to be in atrial fibrillation with rapid rate. He was admitted there and observed. He converted to normal sinus rhythm spontaneously and so he required no further interventions. He was started on Lopressor, which he has tolerated well. An echocardiogram was performed, which revealed mild-to-moderate left atrial enlargement. Normal ejection fraction. No other significant valvular abnormality. He reported to physicians there that he had cirrhosis related to his Wilson's disease. Therefore hepatologist was consulted. There was a recommendation to avoid Coumadin secondary to his questionable significant liver disease, therefore he was placed on aspirin 325 mg once a day.,In discussion with Mr. A and review of his chart that I have available, it is unclear as to the status of his liver disease, however, he has never had a liver biopsy, so his diagnosis of cirrhosis that they were concerned about in North Carolina is in doubt. His LFTs have remained normal and his copper level has been undetectable on his current dose of penicillamine.,I would appreciate your input into the long term management of his anticoagulation and also any recommendations you would have about rhythm control. He is in normal sinus rhythm as of my evaluation of him on 06/12/2008. He is tolerating his metoprolol and aspirin without any difficulty. I guess the big question remains is what level of risk that is entailed by placing him on Coumadin therapy due to his potentially paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and evidence of left atrial enlargement that would place him in increased risk of recurrent episodes.,I appreciate your input regarding this friendly gentleman. His current medicines include penicillamine 250 mg p.o. four times a day, metoprolol 12.5 mg twice a day, and aspirin 325 mg a day.,If you have any questions regarding his care, please feel free to call me to discuss his case. Otherwise, I will look forward to hearing back from you regarding his evaluation. Thank you as always for your care of our patient. | letters, atrial enlargement, wilson's disease, penicillamine, |
3,061 | Patient continuing on Dilantin 300 mg daily and has been seizure episode free for the past 2 1/2 years. | Letters | Suspected Seizure Activity | XYZ Street,City, State,Dear Dr. CD:,Thank you for seeing Mr. XYZ, a pleasant 19-year-old male who has seen you in 2005 for suspected seizure activity. He comes to my office today continuing on Dilantin 300 mg daily and has been seizure episode free for the past 2 1/2 years. He is requesting to come off the Dilantin at this point. Upon reviewing your 2005 note there was some discrepancy as to the true nature of his episodes to the emergency room and there was consideration to reconsider medication use. His physical exam, neurologically, is normal at this time. His Dilantin level is slightly low at 12.5.,I will appreciate your evaluation and recommendation as to whether we need to continue the Dilantin at this time. I understand this will probably entail repeating his EEG and so please coordinate this through Health Center. I await your response and whether we should continue this medication. If you require any laboratory, we use ABC Diagnostic and any further testing that is needed should be coordinated at Health Center prior to scheduling. | letters, eeg, suspected seizure activity, seizure activity, seizure episode, seizure, dilantinNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental. |
3,062 | Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of both lower extremities. | Letters | Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy - Letter | Doctor's Address,Dear Doctor:,This letter serves as a reintroduction of my patient, A, who will be seeing you on Thursday, 06/12/2008. As you know, he is an unfortunate gentleman who has reflex sympathetic dystrophy of both lower extremities. His current symptoms are more severe on the right and he has had a persisting wound that has failed to heal on his right leg. He has been through Wound Clinic to try to help heal this, but was intolerant of compression dressings and was unable to get satisfactory healing of this. He has been seen by Dr. X for his pain management and was considered for the possibility of amputation being a therapeutic option to help reduce his pain. He was seen by Dr. Y at Orthopedic Associates for review of this. However, in my discussion with Dr. Z and his evaluation of Mr. A, it was felt that this may be an imprudent path to take given the lack of likelihood of reduction of his pain from his RST, his questionable healing of his wound given noninvasive studies that did reveal tenuous oxygenation of the right lower leg, and concerns of worsening of his RST symptoms on his left leg if he would have an amputation. Based on the results of his transcutaneous oxygen levels and his dramatic improvement with oxygen therapy at this test, Dr. Z felt that a course of hyperbaric oxygen may be of utility to help in improving his wounds. As you may or may not know we have certainly pursued aggressive significant measures to try to improve Mr. A's pain. He has been to Cleveland Clinic for implantable stimulator, which was unsuccessful at dramatically improving his pain. He currently is taking methadone up to eight tablets four times a day, morphine up to 100 mg three times a day, and Dilaudid two tablets by mouth every two hours to help reduce his pain. He also is currently taking Neurontin 1600 mg three times a day, Effexor XR 250 mg once a day, Cytomel 25 mcg once a day, Seroquel 100 mg p.o. q. day, levothyroxine 300 mcg p.o. q. day, Prinivil 20 mg p.o. q. day, and Mevacor 40 mg p.o. q day.,I appreciate your assistance in determining if hyperbaric oxygen is a reasonable treatment course for this unfortunate situation. Dr. Z and I have both tried to stress the fact that amputation may be an abrupt and irreversible treatment course that may not reach any significant conclusion. He has been evaluated by Dr. X for rehab concerns to determine. He agrees that a less aggressive form of therapy may be most appropriate.,I thank you kindly for your prompt evaluation of this kind gentleman in an unfortunate situation. If you have any questions regarding his care please feel free to call me at my office. Otherwise, I look forward to hearing back from you shortly after your evaluation. Please feel free to call me if it is possible or if you have any questions about anything. | letters, rsd, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, orthopedic, oxygenationNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental. |
3,063 | Creation of right brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula. | Nephrology | AV Fistula - 2 | PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. End-stage renal disease.,2. Diabetes.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. End-stage renal disease.,2. Diabetes.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE,Creation of right brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula.,INDICATIONS FOR THE PROCEDURE,This patient has end-stage renal disease. Although, the patient is right-handed, preoperative vein mapping demonstrated much better vein in the right arm. Hence, a right brachiocephalic fistula is being planned.,OPERATIVE FINDINGS,The right cephalic vein at the elbow is chosen to be suitable. It is slightly sporadic, but of an adequate size. An end-to-side right brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula was created. At completion, there was a great thrill.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE IN DETAIL,After informed consent was obtained, the patient was taken to the operating room. The patient was placed in the supine position. The patient received a regional nerve block. The patient also received intravenous sedation. The right arm was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.,We made a small transverse incision in the right cubital fossa. The cephalic vein was identified and mobilized. The fascia was incised, and the brachial artery was also identified and mobilized. The brachial artery was free off significant disease. A good pulse was noted. The cephalic vein was mobilized proximally and distally. The brachial artery was mobilized proximally and distally. We did not give heparin. The brachial artery was then clamped proximally and distally. The cephalic vein was also clamped proximally and distally. Longitudinal arteriotomy was made in brachial artery, and a longitudinal venotomy was made in the cephalic vein. We then sewn the vein to the artery in a side-to-side fashion using a running 7-0 Prolene suture.,Just prior to completion of the anastomosis, it was flushed, and the anastomosis was then completed. A great thrill was noted. We then ligated the cephalic vein beyond the arteriovenous anastomosis and divided it. This surrounded the anastomosis as an end-to-side functionally. A great thrill remained in the fistula. Hemostasis was secured. We then closed the wound using interrupted PDS sutures for the fascia and a running 4-0 Monocryl subcuticular suture for the skin. Sterile dry dressing was applied.,The patient tolerated the procedure well. There were no operative complications. The sponge, instrument, and needle counts were correct at the end of the case. I was present and participated in all aspects of the procedure. The patient was then transferred to the recovery room in satisfactory condition. A great thrill was felt in the fistula completion. There was also a palpable radial pulse distally. | nephrology, end-stage renal disease, prolene suture, brachial artery, brachiocephalic, brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula, cephalic vein, fistula, general anesthetic, prepped and draped, proximally and distally, renal disease, av, cephalic, artery, vein |
3,064 | The patient is being referred for evaluation of diabetic retinopathy. | Letters | Ophthalmology - Letter - 4 | XYZ, M.D.,RE: ABC,DOB: MM/DD/YYYY,Dear Dr. XYZ:,Thank you for your kind referral for patient ABC. The patient is being referred for evaluation of diabetic retinopathy. The patient was just diagnosed with diabetes; however, he does not have any serious visual complaints at this time.,On examination, the patient is seeing 20/40 OD pinholing to 20/20. The vision in the left eye is 20/20 uncorrected. Applanation pressures are normal at 17 mmHg bilaterally. Visual fields are full to count fingers OU and there is no relative afferent pupillary defect. Slit lamp examination was within normal limits, other than trace to 1+ nuclear sclerosis OU. On dilated examination, the patient shows a normal cup-to-disc ratio that is symmetric bilaterally. The macula, vessels, and periphery are also within normal limits.,In conclusion, Mr. ABC does not show any evidence of diabetic retinopathy at this time. We recommended him to have his eyes dilated once a year. I have advised him to follow up with you for his regular check-ups. Again, thank you for your kind referral of Mr. ABC and we should check on him once a year at this time.,Sincerely,, | letters, pupillary defect, cup-to-disc ratio, cup-to-disc, evaluation of diabetic retinopathy, referred for evaluation, diabetic retinopathy, visual, dilated, retinopathy, examination, diabetic, |
3,065 | Patient suffers from neck and lower back pain radiating into both arms and both legs with numbness, paraesthesia, and tingling in both arms. | Letters | Ortho - Letter - 2 | XYZ, D.C.,60 Evergreen Place,Suite 902,East Orange, NJ 07018,Re: | letters, paraspinal musculature, palpable trigger points, trigger point injections, lumbar, region, paraspinal, musculature, injections, trigger, |
3,066 | Woman with a history of macular degeneration. PDT therapy. Some vision therapy. Complete refractive work-up. | Letters | Optometry - Letter | RE: Sample Patient,Dear Dr. Sample:,Sample Patient was seen at the Vision Rehabilitation Institute on Month DD, YYYY. She is an 87-year-old woman with a history of macular degeneration, who admits to having PDT therapy within the last year. She would like to get started with some vision therapy so that she may be able to perform her everyday household chores, as well as reading small print. At this time, she uses a small handheld magnifier, which is providing her with only limited help.,A complete refractive work-up was performed today, in which we found a mild change in her distance correction, which allowed her the ability to see 20/70 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. With a pair of +4 reading glasses, she was able to read 0.5M print quite nicely. I have loaned her a pair of +4 reading glasses at this time and we have started her with fine-detailed reading. She will return to our office in a matter of two weeks and we will make a better determination on what near reading glasses to prescribe for her. I think that she is an excellent candidate for low vision help. I am sure that we can be of great help to her in the near future.,Thank you for allowing us to share in the care of your patient.,With best regards,,Sample Doctor, O.D. | letters, optometry, letter, optometry letter, pdt therapy, distance correction, macular degeneration, reading glasses, vision therapy, complete refractive, macular, degeneration, |
3,067 | Patient being referred for evaluation of glaucoma. | Letters | Ophthalmology - Letter - 2 | XYZ, O.D.,RE: ABC,DOB: MM/DD/YYYY,Dear Dr. XYZ:,Thank you for your kind referral for patient ABC. Mr. ABC is being referred for evaluation of glaucoma. The patient states he has no visual complaints.,On examination, the patient's visual acuity is 20/20 bilaterally. The patient's visual fields are full to confrontation. Extraocular muscles are intact. There is no relative afferent pupillary defect and applanation pressures are 15 mmHg bilaterally. On slit lamp examination, the patient has a normal anterior segment with 1+ nuclear sclerosis. On dilated examination, the patient has a cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye of 0.4. Macula, vessels, and periphery were within normal limits. On the left eye, the patient has a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.3 and macula vessels and periphery are also within normal limits. On gonioscopy, the patient shows deep anterior chamber angle OU and is open to the ciliary body band 360 degrees.,In conclusion, my initial impression is that Mr. ABC does not have glaucoma. He has fairly symmetric and small cup-to-disc ratios OU. His intraocular pressures were within normal limits in our office today. I discussed at length with him the alternatives of observation versus continued work-up and testing. He seemed to understand very well and went with my recommendation to continue observation for now. We will take fundus photos of his optic nerves for future comparison, but I think given the lack of any strong findings suspicious for glaucoma, we will defer further testing at this time.,Should you have any specific questions or any other information that you think that I may not have included in this evaluation, please feel free to contact me. I have recommended him to follow up with you for continued examination, continued check-ups, and should you find any other abnormal findings, I would be happy to address those again.,Again, thank you for your referral of Mr. ABC.,Sincerely,, | letters, cup to disc ratio, referred for evaluation, cup to disc, disc ratio, macula vessels, ophthalmology, pressures, eye, macula, vessels, visual, cup, disc, glaucoma, examination, intact, |
3,068 | 9-month-old male product of a twin gestation complicated by some very mild prematurity having problems with wheezing, cough and shortness of breath over the last several months. | Letters | Pediatric - Letter | Sample Address,RE: Sample Patient,Dear Doctor:,We had the pleasure of seeing Abc and his mother in the clinic today. As you certainly know, he is now a 9-month-old male product of a twin gestation complicated by some very mild prematurity. He has been having problems with wheezing, cough and shortness of breath over the last several months. You and your partners have treated him aggressively with inhaled steroids and bronchodilator. Despite this, however; he has had persistent problems with a cough and has been more recently started on both a short burst of prednisolone as well as a more prolonged alternating day course. ,Although there is no smoke exposure there is a significant family history with both Abc's father and uncle having problems with asthma as well as his older sister. The parents now maintain separate households and there has been a question about the consistency of his medication administration at his father's house. ,On exam today, Abc had some scattered rhonchi which cleared with coughing but was otherwise healthy. ,We spent the majority of our 45-minute just reviewing basic principles of asthma management and I believe that Abc's mother is fairly well versed in this. I think the most important thing to realize is that Abc probably does have fairly severe childhood asthma and fortunately has avoided hospitalization. ,I think it would be prudent to continue his alternate day steroids until he is completely symptom free on the days off steroids but it would be reasonable to continue to wean him down to as low as 1.5 milligrams (0.5 milliliters on alternate days). I have encouraged his mother to contact our office so that we can answer questions if necessary by phone.,Thanks so much for allowing us to be involved in his care. ,Sincerely, | letters, gestation, bronchodilator, childhood, childhood asthma, cough, father, healthy, letter, mother, pediatric, prematurity, shortness of breath, sister, wheezing, wheezing cough, asthma, |
3,069 | The patient was referred for evaluation of cataracts bilaterally | Letters | Ophthalmology - Letter - 1 | XYZ, O.D.,RE: ABC,DOB: MM/DD/YYYY,Dear Dr. XYZ:,Thank you for your referral of patient ABC. The patient was referred for evaluation of cataracts bilaterally.,On examination, the patient was seeing 20/40 in her right eye and 20/50 in the left eye. Extraocular muscles were intact, visual fields were full to confrontation OU, and applanations are 12 mmHg bilaterally. There is no relative afferent pupillary defect. On slit lamp examination, lids and lashes were within normal limits. The conj is quiet. The cornea shows 1+ guttata bilaterally. The AC is deep and quiet and irises are within normal limits bilaterally. There is a dense 3 to 4+ nuclear sclerotic cataract in each eye. On dilated fundus examination, cup-to-disc ratio is 0.1 OU. The vitreous, macula, vessels, and periphery all appear within normal limits.,Impression: It appears that Ms. ABC' visual decline is caused by bilateral cataracts. She would benefit from having removed. The patient also showed some mild guttata OU indicating possible early Fuchs dystrophy. The patient should do well with cataract surgery and I have recommended this and she agreed to proceed with the first eye here shortly. I will keep you up to date of her progress and any new findings as we perform her surgery in each eye.,Again, thank you for your kind referral of this kind lady and I will be in touch with you.,Sincerely,, | letters, extraocular, applanations, slit lamp, visual field, ophthalmology, visual, guttata, surgery, cataracts, eye, |
3,070 | A 19-year-old right-handed male injured in a motor vehicle accident. | Letters | Ortho - Letter - 1 | XYZ, D.C.,Re: ABC,Dear Dr. XYZ:,I had the pleasure of seeing your patient, ABC, today MM/DD/YYYY in consultation. He is an unfortunate 19-year-old right-handed male who was injured in a motor vehicle accident on MM/DD/YYYY, where he was the driver of an automobile, which was struck on the front passenger's side. The patient sustained impact injuries to his neck and lower back. There was no apparent head injury or loss of consciousness and he denied any posttraumatic seizures. He was taken to Hospital, x-rays were taken, apparently which were negative and he was released.,At the present time, he complains of neck and lower back pain radiating into his right arm and right leg with weakness, numbness, paraesthesia, and tingling in his right arm and right leg. He has had no difficulty with bowel or bladder function. He does experience intermittent headaches associated with his neck pain with no other associated symptoms.,PAST HEALTH:, He was injured in a prior motor vehicle accident on MM/DD/YYYY. At the time of his most recent injuries, he was completely symptom free and under no active therapy. There is no history of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, neurological disorders, ulcers or tuberculosis.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He denies tobacco or alcohol consumption.,ALLERGIES: , No known drug allergies.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: ,None.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Otherwise noncontributory.,FUNCTIONAL INQUIRY: , Otherwise noncontributory.,REVIEW OF DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES:, Includes an MRI scan of the cervical spine dated MM/DD/YYYY which showed evidence for disc bulging at the C6-C7 level. MRI scan of the lumbar spine on MM/DD/YYYY, showed evidence of a disc herniation at the L1-L2 level as well as a disc protrusion at the L2-L3 level with disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 level and disc protrusion at the L5-S1 level.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Reveals an alert and oriented male with normal language function. Vital Signs: Blood pressure was 105/68 in the left arm sitting. Heart rate was 70 and regular. Height was 5 feet 8 inches. Weight was 182 pounds. Cranial nerve evaluation was unremarkable. Pupils were equal and reactive. Funduscopic evaluation was clear. There was no evidence for nystagmus. There was decreased range of motion noted in both the cervical and lumbar regions to a significant degree, with tenderness and spasm in the paraspinal musculature. Straight leg raising was limited to 45 degrees on the right and 90 degrees on the left. Motor strength was 5/5 on the MRC scale. Reflexes were 2+ symmetrical and active. No pathological responses were noted. Sensory examination showed a diffuse decreased sensation to pinprick in the right upper extremity. Cerebellar function was normal. There was normal station and gait. Chest and cardiovascular evaluations were unremarkable. Heart sounds were normal. There were no extra sounds or murmurs. Palpable trigger points were noted in the right trapezius and right cervical and lumbar paraspinal musculature.,CLINICAL IMPRESSION: , Reveals a 19-year-old male suffering from a posttraumatic cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, secondary to traumatic injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident on MM/DD/YYYY. In view of the persistent radicular complaints associated with the weakness, numbness, paraesthesia, and tingling as well as the objective sensory loss noted on today's evaluation as well as the non-specific nature of the radiculopathy, I have scheduled him for an EMG study on his right upper and right lower extremity in two week's time to rule out any nerve root irritation versus any peripheral nerve entrapment or plexopathy as the cause of his symptoms. Palpable trigger points were noted on today's evaluation. He is suffering from ongoing myofascitis. His treatment plan will consist of a series of trigger point injections to be initiated at his next follow up visit in two weeks' time. I have encouraged him to continue with his ongoing treatment program under your care and supervision. I will be following him in two weeks' time. Once again, thank you kindly for allowing me to participate in this patient's care and management.,Yours sincerely,, | letters, numbness paraesthesia and tingling, paraesthesia and tingling, cervical and lumbar, motor vehicle accident, mri scan, disc protrusion, paraspinal musculature, letter, musculature, radiculopathy, nerve, trigger, vehicle, accident, cervical, lumbar, evaluation, disc, ortho, |
3,071 | Patient referred for narrow angles and possible associated glaucoma. | Letters | Ophthalmology - Letter - 3 | XYZ, O.D.,RE: ABC,DOB: MM/DD/YYYY,Dear XYZ:,Thank you very much for your kind referral of Mrs. ABC who you referred to me for narrow angles and possible associated glaucoma. I examined Mrs. ABC initially on MM/DD/YYYY. At that time, she expressed a chief concern of occasional pain around her eye, but denied any flashing lights, floaters, halos, or true brow ache. She reports a family history of glaucoma in her mother, but is unsure of the specific kind. Her past ocular history has been fairly unremarkable. As you know, she has a history of non-insulin dependent diabetes. She is unaware of her last hemoglobin A1c levels, but reports a blood sugar of 158 taken on the morning of her appointment with me. She is followed by Dr. X here locally.,Upon examination, her visual acuity measured 20/20-1 in either eye with her glasses. Presenting intraocular pressures were14 mmHg in either eye at 2:03 p.m. Pupillary reactions, confrontational visual fields, and ocular motility were normal. The slit lamp exam revealed narrow anterior chambers and on gonioscopy only the buried anterior trabecular meshwork was visible in either eye, but the angle deepened with gonio-compression suggesting appositional and not synechial closure. I deferred the dilated portion of the exam on that day.,We proceeded with peripheral iridectomies and following this upon her most recent visit on MM/DD/YYYY, I was able to safely dilate her eyes as her chambers had deepened and the PIs were patent. I note that she has an increased CD ratio measuring 0.65 in the right eye and 0.7 in the left and although her FDT visual fields and GDX testing were normal at your office, she does have an enlarged blind spot in either eye on Humphrey visual fields and retinal tomography also shows some suspicious changes. Therefore, I feel she has sustained some optic nerve damage perhaps from intermittent angle closure in the past.,In summary, Mrs. ABC has a history of narrow angles not successfully treated with laser PIs. Her intraocular pressures have remained stable. I will continue to monitor her closely.,Thank you very much once again for allowing me to have shared in her care. If I can provide any additional information or be of further service, do let me know.,Sincerely,, | letters, intraocular pressures, narrow angles, visual fields, angles, ophthalmology, intraocular, pressures, anterior, chambers, gonioscopy, glaucoma, narrow, visual, eye, |
3,072 | Female with intermittent rectal bleeding, not associated with any weight loss. The patient is chronically constipated. | Letters | Gastroenterology - Letter | Sample Address,Re: Mrs. Sample Patient,Dear Sample Doctor:,I had the pleasure of seeing your patient, Mrs. Sample Patient , in my office today. Mrs. Sample Patient is a 48-year-old, African-American female with a past medical history of hypertension and glaucoma, who was referred to me to be evaluated for intermittent rectal bleeding. The patient denies any weight loss, does have a good appetite, no nausea and no vomiting.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Significant for hypertension and diabetes.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:, The patient denies any past surgical history.,MEDICATIONS:, The patient takes Cardizem CD 240-mg. The patient also takes eye drops.,ALLERGIES:, The patient denies any allergies.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, The patient smokes about a pack a day for more than 25 years. The patient drinks alcohol socially.,FAMILY HISTORY:, Significant for hypertension and strokes.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, The patient does have a good appetite and no weight loss. She does have intermittent rectal bleeding associated with irritation in the rectal area. The patient denies any nausea, any vomiting, any night sweats, any fevers or any chills.,The patient denies any shortness of breath, any chest pain, any irregular heartbeat or chronic cough.,The patient is chronically constipated.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, This is a 48 year-old lady who is awake, alert and oriented x 3. She does not seem to be in any acute distress. Her vital signs are blood pressure is 130/70 with a heart rate of 75 and respirations of 16. HEENT is normocephalic, atraumatic. Sclerae are non-icteric. Her neck is supple, no bruits, no lymph nodes. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally, no crackles, no rales and no wheezes. The cardiovascular system has a regular rate and rhythm, no murmurs. The abdomen is soft and non-tender. Bowel sounds are positive and no organomegaly. Extremities have no edema.,IMPRESSION:, This is a 48-year-old female presenting with painless rectal bleeding not associated with any weight loss. The patient is chronically constipated.,1. Rule out colon cancer.,2. Rule out colon polyps. ,3. Rule out hemorrhoids, which is the most likely diagnosis.,RECOMMENDATIONS:, Because of the patient's age, the patient will need to have a complete colonoscopy exam.,The patient will also need to have a CBC check and monitor.,The patient will be scheduled for the colonoscopy at Sample Hospital and the full report will be forwarded to your office.,Thank you very much for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient.,Sincerely yours,,Sample Doctor, MD | null |
3,073 | Diagnosis of bulbar cerebral palsy and hypotonia. | Letters | Cerebral Palsy - Letter | Doctor's Address,Dear Doctor:,This letter serves as an introduction to my patient, A, who will be seeing you in the near future. He is a pleasant young man who has a diagnosis of bulbar cerebral palsy and hypotonia. He has been treated by Dr. X through the pediatric neurology clinic. He saw Dr. X recently and she noted that he was having difficulty with mouth breathing, which was contributing to some of his speech problems. She also noted and confirmed that he has significant tonsillar hypertrophy. The concern we have is whether he may benefit from surgery to remove his tonsils and improve his mouth breathing and his swallowing and speech. Therefore, I ask for your opinion on this matter.,For his chronic allergic rhinitis symptoms, he is currently on Flonase two sprays to each nostril once a day. He also has been taking Zyrtec 10 mg a day with only partial relief of the symptoms. He does have an allergy to penicillin.,I appreciate your input on his care. If you have any questions regarding, please feel free to call me through my office. Otherwise, I look forward to hearing back from you regarding his evaluation. | letters, peech, swallowing, breathing, bulbar cerebral palsy, mouth breathing, cerebral palsy, hypotoniaNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental. |
3,074 | Letter on evaluation regarding extraction of mandibular left second molar tooth #18. | Letters | Letter - Dentistry | XYZ, S.,RE: ABC,Dear Dr. XYZ,On your kind referral, I had the pleasure of meeting and consulting with ABC on MM/DD/YYYY for evaluation regarding extraction of his mandibular left second molar tooth #18. This previously root-canaled tooth, now failed, is scheduled for removal. As per your request, I agree that placement of an implant in the #20 and #19 positions would allow for immediate functional replacement of the bridge which has recently been lost in this area.,I have given Mr. ABC an estimate for the surgical aspects of this case and suggested he combine this with your prosthetic or restorative fees in order to have a full understanding of the costs involved with this process.,We will plan to place two Straumann implants as per our normal protocol, one each in the #19 and 20 positions, with the #19 implant being a wide-neck, larger diameter implant. I will plan on providing the prosthetic abutments, the lab analogue, and temporary healing cap at the end of the four-month integration period. If you have any additional suggestions or concerns, please give me a call.,Best regards,, | letters, molar tooth, extraction, mandibular, straumann, wide-neck, placement, positions, prosthetic, implant, tooth |
3,075 | Follow up update on patient with left carotid angioplasty and stent placement. | Letters | Cardiology - Letter | Please accept this letter of follow up on patient xxx xxx. He is now three months out from a left carotid angioplasty and stent placement. He was a part of a CapSure trial. He has done quite well, with no neurologic or cardiac event in the three months of follow up. He had a follow-up ultrasound performed today that shows the stent to be patent, with no evidence of significant recurrence.,Sincerely,,XYZ, MD, | letters, capsure, cardiac event, ultrasound, carotid angioplasty, stent placement, letter, angioplastyNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental., |
3,076 | Male with a history of therapy-controlled hypertension, borderline diabetes, and obesity. Risk factors for coronary heart disease. | Letters | Cardiovascular - Letter | Dear Sample Doctor:,Thank you for referring Mr. Sample Patient for cardiac evaluation. This is a 67-year-old, obese male who has a history of therapy-controlled hypertension, borderline diabetes, and obesity. He has a family history of coronary heart disease but denies any symptoms of angina pectoris or effort intolerance. Specifically, no chest discomfort of any kind, no dyspnea on exertion unless extreme exertion is performed, no orthopnea or PND. He is known to have a mother with coronary heart disease. He has never been a smoker. He has never had a syncopal episode, MI, or CVA. He had his gallbladder removed. No bleeding tendencies. No history of DVT or pulmonary embolism. The patient is retired, rarely consumes alcohol and consumes coffee moderately. He apparently has a sleep disorder, according to his wife (not in the office), the patient snores and stops breathing during sleep. He is allergic to codeine and aspirin (angioedema).,Physical exam revealed a middle-aged man weighing 283 pounds for a height of 5 feet 11 inches. His heart rate was 98 beats per minute and regular. His blood pressure was 140/80 mmHg in the right arm in a sitting position and 150/80 mmHg in a standing position. He is in no distress. Venous pressure is normal. Carotid pulsations are normal without bruits. The lungs are clear. Cardiac exam was normal. The abdomen was obese and organomegaly was not palpated. There were no pulsatile masses or bruits. The femoral pulses were 3+ in character with a symmetrical distribution and dorsalis pedis and posterior tibiales were 3+ in character. There was no peripheral edema. ,He had a chemistry profile, which suggests diabetes mellitus with a fasting blood sugar of 136 mg/dl. Renal function was normal. His lipid profile showed a slight increase in triglycerides with normal total cholesterol and HDL and an acceptable range of LDL. His sodium was a little bit increased. His A1c hemoglobin was increased. He had a spirometry, which was reported as normal. ,He had a resting electrocardiogram on December 20, 2002, which was also normal. He had a treadmill Cardiolite, which was performed only to stage 2 and was terminated by the supervising physician when the patient achieved 90% of the predicted maximum heart rate. There were no symptoms or ischemia by EKG. There was some suggestion of inferior wall ischemia with normal wall motion by Cardiolite imaging.,In summary, we have a 67-year-old gentleman with risk factors for coronary heart disease. I am concerned with possible diabetes and a likely metabolic syndrome of this gentleman with truncal obesity, hypertension, possible insulin resistance, and some degree of fasting hyperglycemia, as well as slight triglyceride elevation. He denies any symptoms of coronary heart disease, but he probably has some degree of coronary atherosclerosis, possibly affecting the inferior wall by functional testings. ,In view of the absence of symptoms, medical therapy is indicated at the present time, with very aggressive risk factor modification. I explained and discussed extensively with the patient, the benefits of regular exercise and a walking program was given to the patient. He also should start aggressively losing weight. I have requested additional testing today, which will include an apolipoprotein B, LPa lipoprotein, as well as homocystine, and cardio CRP to further assess his risk of atherosclerosis. ,In terms of medication, I have changed his verapamil for a long acting beta-blocker, he should continue on an ACE inhibitor and his Plavix. The patient is allergic to aspirin. I also will probably start him on a statin, if any of the studies that I have recommended come back abnormal and furthermore, if he is confirmed to have diabetes. Along this line, perhaps, we should consider obtaining the advice of an endocrinologist to decide whether this gentleman needs treatment for diabetes, which I believe he should. This, however, I will leave entirely up to you to decide. If indeed, he is considered to be a diabetic, a much more aggressive program should be entertained for reducing the risks of atherosclerosis in general, and coronary artery disease in particular.,I do not find an indication at this point in time to proceed with any further testing, such as coronary angiography, in the absence of symptoms.,If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to let me know.,Thank you once again for this kind referral.,Sincerely,,Sample Doctor, M.D. | letters, cardiovascular, letter, angioedema, beta-blocker, cardiac evaluation, chest discomfort, coronary heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, therapy-controlled hypertension, truncal obesity, controlled hypertension, borderline diabetes, risk factors, heart disease, intolerance, therapy, heart, atherosclerosis, diabetes, coronary, aspirin |
3,077 | Patient seen in Neuro-Oncology Clinic because of increasing questions about what to do next for his anaplastic astrocytoma. | Letters | Anaplastic Astrocytoma - Letter | XYZ,RE: ABC,MEDICAL RECORD#: 123,Dear Dr. XYZ:,I saw ABC back in Neuro-Oncology Clinic today. He comes in for an urgent visit because of increasing questions about what to do next for his anaplastic astrocytoma.,Within the last several days, he has seen you in clinic and once again discussed whether or not to undergo radiation for his left temporal lesion. The patient has clearly been extremely ambivalent about this therapy for reasons that are not immediately apparent. It is clear that his MRI is progressing and that it seems unlikely at this time that anything other than radiation would be particularly effective. Despite repeatedly emphasizing this; however, the patient still is worried about potential long-term side effects from treatment that frankly seem unwarranted at this particular time.,After seeing you in clinic, he and his friend again wanted to discuss possible changes in the chemotherapy regimen. They came in with a list of eight possible agents that they would like to be administered within the next two weeks. They then wanted another MRI to be performed and they were hoping that with the use of this type of approach, they might be able to induce another remission from which he can once again be spared radiation.,From my view, I noticed a man whose language has deteriorated in the week since I last saw him. This is very worrisome. Today, for the first time, I felt that there was a definite right facial droop as well. Therefore, there is no doubt that he is becoming symptomatic from his growing tumor. It suggests that he is approaching the end of his compliance curve and that the things may rapidly deteriorate in the near future.,Emphasizing this once again, in addition, to recommending steroids I once again tried to convince him to undergo radiation. Despite an hour, this again amazingly was not possible. It is not that he does not want treatment, however. Because I told him that I did not feel it was ethical to just put him on the radical regimen that him and his friend devised, we compromised and elected to go back to Temodar in a low dose daily type regimen. We would plan on giving 75 mg/sq m everyday for 21 days out of 28 days. In addition, we will stop thalidomide 100 mg/day. If he tolerates this for one week, we then agree that we would institute another one of the medications that he listed for us. At this stage, we are thinking of using Accutane at that point.,While I am very uncomfortable with this type of approach, I think as long as he is going to be monitored closely that we may be able to get away with this for at least a reasonable interval. In the spirit of compromise, he again consented to be evaluated by radiation and this time, seemed more resigned to the fact that it was going to happen sooner than later. I will look at this as a positive sign because I think radiation is the one therapy from which he can get a reasonable response in the long term.,I will keep you apprised of followups. If you have any questions or if I could be of any further assistance, feel free to contact me.,Sincerely, | letters, neuro oncology, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic, oncology, radiation, astrocytoma |
3,078 | Chiropractic IME with answers to questions from Insurance Company. | Letters | Chiropractic IME - 1 | P.O. Box 12345,City, State ,RE: EXAMINEE : Abc,CLAIM NUMBER : 12345-67890,DATE OF INJURY : April 20, 2003,DATE OF EXAMINATION : August 26, 2003,EXAMINING PHYSICIANS : Y Z, DC,Prior to the beginning of the examination, it is explained to the examinee that this examination is intended for evaluative purposes only, and that it is not intended to constitute a general medical examination. It is explained to the examinee that the traditional doctor-patient relationship does not apply to this examination, and that a written report will be provided to the agency requesting this examination. It has also been emphasized to the examinee that he should not attempt any physical activity beyond his tolerance, in order to avoid injury.,CHIEF COMPLAINTS: , Improved focal lower back pain.,HISTORY: , Abc is a 26-year-old man who immigrated to this country approximately six years ago. He speaks "un poquito" English and an interpreter is provided. He has worked for the last four years at Floragon Forest Products, where he normally functions as a "stacker." He indicates that another worker was on vacation, and because of this he was put on another job in which he separated logs using a picaroon. He was doing this on April 20, 2003, and was pulling on the picaroon when it gave way, and he fell backwards landing on a metal step, which was approximately 1 foot off of the ground. He demonstrates that he came down square on the step and did not fall backwards or hyperextend over it. He did not hit his upper back or neck or shoulders, and only sat down on the step as described. He had "a little" pain in his back at that time, but was able to get up and continue working. He completed his shift that day and returned to work the following day. He had the next two days off. He says that his symptoms persisted and increased, and on April 25, 2003, he went to the First Choice Physicians Chiropractic and Rehab Clinic, where he came under the care of Dr. Abcd, DC. The file contains an entrance form completed by Mr. Abc which indicates at the bottom under "previous occurrence of the same pain" a notation of "Yes, but it was not really the same, it was just a little and tolerable." There is an additional note on the side which states "no pain prior to this injury or on that day, occasional (but low back)." Saw this notation, he says today that he did not state this and that the form was done by "Edna" at Dr. Abcd's office.,Mr. Abc was initially treated three times a week and states that this has now been reduced to twice per week. He does not know how long the chiropractic treatment is to continue. Initially, he has been seen by Dr. Xyz on three occasions, the last being on August 15, 2003. Dr. Xyz has basically referred him back to Dr. Abcd for continued chiropractic management.,Mr. Abc has now returned to his normal job as a stacker and is able to do that with no significant increased pain. He does mention, however, that bending over, picking up anything particularly heavy is bothersome; however, he does not normally have to do that. He denies any new accident or injury that would be contributory either as a result of his work or outside activities or any motor vehicle accident. He does not participate physically in any sports or hobbies that would be a factor.,PRESENT COMPLAINTS: , Mr. Abc indicates at this time that he is overall better in that initially he had difficulty "moving." He grades his current overall level of pain as a 2 to 4 on a scale from 0 to 10, stating that the worst he had was at 6-7. He now has "good and bad days" which depends on his activity level noting that he is better over the weekend. He localizes his pain to the midline lumbosacral region. He states that initially he did experience some diffuse radiation into both lower extremities, but that this has now resolved. He occasionally will notice some tightness behind both knees, but again no radicular type of distribution. He denies any focal muscular weakness or sphincter disturbance. His quality of the pain at this time is a "tightness" which bothers him, again, primarily with bending at the waist and lifting. He is able to do his normal activities of life, including his work without any significant problem, noting again only increased pain with bending and lifting.,PAST HISTORY: , Mr. Abc denies any prior similar complaints or treatments. He denies any previous specific lower back injury. He has enjoyed essentially good lifetime health and denies any concurrent medical conditions or problems. He has seasonal allergies only with no known drug hypersensitivities. He has not been hospitalized overnight and has had no surgeries in his life. He currently takes OTC Advil and Tylenol for lower back pain, but no prescriptive medication. He does not smoke, drink, or use street drugs of any type. Review of systems and family history are generally noncontributory.,SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY: , Mr. Abc, as indicated, was born and reared in Mexico and immigrated into this country six years ago.,Education: He has our equivalent of a high school education in Mexico with no additional formal education in United States.,Military History: He has no military experience in his life.,Work History: He currently is doing his normal work activities as a stacker without arbitrary restrictions or limitations. He is not receiving any Workers Compensation or other benefits at this time.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Abc presents as a cooperative and straightforward 26-year-old Hispanic male. He has a very thin body habitus with a reported height of 5 feet 7 inches and weight of 125 pounds. He is right hand dominant. He is noted to sit comfortably throughout the history taking process conversant with the interpreter and myself without observable guarding or postural conversation or motion. He did stand readily to full upright with equal weightbearing and exhibits normal spinal posture with double hips and shoulders. Lumbar lordosis is normal. He ambulates without a limp or lift, and is able to walk on heels and toes and perform a full squat and rise and hop without difficulty with some expression of increased lower back pain. Waddell's testing is negative on compression and traction with some slight increased lower back pain on passive rotation.,Kemp's maneuver of posterolateral bending has some increased localized lumbosacral pain, but no radiation distally into the buttocks or lower extremities.,Active lumbar ranges of motion with double inclinometer are:,Flexion 70 degrees.,Extension 20 degrees.,Side bending symmetric at 28 degrees.,He complains of lower back pain at the extremes of flexion only. Motion palpation reveals full mobility without any detectable intrasegmental fixation with normal symmetry and alignment.,Tendon reflexes are 2+ and symmetric at the knees and ankles without sensory loss to pinprick. Babinski's are neutral, and there is no clonus.,Manual muscle testing reveals 5/5 strength at the hips, knees, and ankles without give-way or complaint.,Supine passive straight leg raising is limited by hamstring tightness to 66 degrees bilaterally, but causes no expression of lower back pain or radiation. Cross leg with rotation hip joint motion is full on either side without reported hip or back pain. Hip flexion is symmetric at 130 degrees, again without complaint. Leg lengths appeared visually symmetric. Mid calf girth is 11-1/2 inches bilaterally. Five inches above the knees measured 13 inches right and left. The seated SLR is done to 90 degrees, and he brings his fingertips 2 inches from his toes, showing good flexibility at the waist despite the hamstring tightness noted in the supine straight leg raising test.,In the prone position, he has good gluteal strength on either side with Yeoman's test causing some increased lumbosacral pain but no focal sacroiliac involvement. No sacroiliac fixation is identified. Hibbs test is negative on either side.,On palpation, he reports midline tenderness at L5-S1 without additional areas of tenderness noted even to very firm palpatory pressure in the entirety of the lumbar spine over the pelvis. He indicates no focal or sacroiliac, sciatic notch, or trochanteric tenderness on either side. No definitive muscular spasm is noted in the lumbar paraspinal musculature.,Mr. Abc tolerated the examination process without apparent or expressed ill effect. ,IMAGING STUDIES:, AP and lateral lumbar/pelvic views dated May 15, 2003 are reviewed. The films are negative for recent fracture or pathology. There appears to be a transitional lumbosacral area with a spatulated transverse process of L1 and slight narrowing of the lumbosacral disc space. No additional abnormalities are identified. The hip and sacroiliac articulations appear well preserved. Disc spacing in the rest of the lumbar spine appears normal, and no significant degenerative changes are identified. Soft tissue appeared normal without paraspinal mass or abnormality.,DIAGNOSIS: , Lumbosacral contusion/strain relative to the April 20, 2003 industrial accident - objectively resolved.,SUMMARY: , Discussion and recommendations in response to questions posed in your August 15, 2003 letter:,1. What is your diagnosis of the worker's condition as a result of the injury? Please provide objective medical findings that support your diagnosis. Please indicate if the objective findings are reproducible, measurable, or observable, and how.,The diagnosis of the workers condition secondary to the described April 20, 2003 fall is by history a lumbosacral contusion/strain. This impression is primarily made based on his history noting that at this time, he has no abnormal objective findings.,2. In your opinion, is the work injury a contributing cause of the diagnosis? If so, is the work injury the material contributing cause of the diagnosis? Please provide an explanation for your opinion.,It would appear that the work injury was the major contributing cause of the diagnosis.,3. Are there any off work factors that may have caused or contributed to the worker's current complaints or condition? (Such as idiopathic causes, predisposition, congenital abnormalities, off work injuries, etc.). | null |
3,079 | Chiropractic IME with old files review. Detailed Thoracic Spine Examination. | Letters | Chiropractic IME - 2 | DATE OF INJURY : October 4, 2000,DATE OF EXAMINATION : September 5, 2003,EXAMINING PHYSICIAN : X Y, MD,Prior to the beginning of the examination, it is explained to the examinee that this examination is intended for evaluative purposes only, and that it is not intended to constitute a general medical examination. It is explained to the examinee that the traditional doctor-patient relationship does not apply to this examination, and that a written report will be provided to the agency requesting this examination. It has also been emphasized to the examinee that he should not attempt any physical activity beyond his tolerance, in order to avoid injury.,CHIEF COMPLAINT: ,Aching and mid back pain.,HISTORY OF PRESENT INJURY: , Based upon the examinee's perspective: ,Mr. Abc is a 52-year-old self-employed, independent consultant for DEMILEE-USA. He is also a mechanical engineer. He reports that he was injured in a motor vehicle accident that occurred in October 4, 2000. At that time, he was employed as a purchasing agent for IBIKEN-USA. On the date of the motor vehicle accident, he was sitting in the right front passenger's seat, wearing seat and shoulder belt safety harnesses, in his 1996 or 1997 Volvo 850 Wagon automobile driven by his son. The vehicle was completely stopped and was "slammed from behind" by a van. The police officer, who responded to the accident, told Mr. Abc that the van was probably traveling at approximately 30 miles per hour at the time of impact.,During the impact, Mr. Abc was restrained in the seat and did not contact the interior surface of the vehicle. He experienced immediate mid back pain. He states that the Volvo automobile sustained approximately $4600 in damage.,He was transported by an ambulance, secured by a cervical collar and backboard to the emergency department. An x-ray of the whole spine was obtained, and he was evaluated by a physician's assistant. He was told that it would be "okay to walk." He was prescribed pain pills and told to return for reevaluation if he experienced increasing pain.,He returned to the Kaiser facility a few days later, and physical therapy was prescribed. Mr. Abc states that he was told that "these things can take a long time." He indicates that after one year he was no better. He then states that after two years he was no better and worried if the condition would never get better.,He indicates he saw an independent physician, a general practitioner, and an MRI was ordered. The MRI study was completed at ABCD Hospital. Subsequently, Mr. Abc returned and was evaluated by a physiatrist. The physiatrist reexamined the original thoracic spine x-rays that were taken on October 4, 2000, and stated that he did not know why the radiologist did not originally observe vertebral compression fractures. Mr. Abc believes that he was told by the physiatrist that it involved either T6-T7 or T7-T8.,Mr. Abc reports that the physiatrist told him that little could be done besides participation in core strengthening. Mr. Abc describes his current exercise regimen, consisting of cycling, and it was deemed to be adequate. He was told, however, by the physiatrist that he could also try a Pilates type of core exercise program.,The physiatrist ordered a bone scan, and Mr. Abc is unsure of the results. He does not have a formal follow up scheduled with Kaiser, and is awaiting re-contact by the physiatrist.,He denies any previous history of symptomatology or injuries involving his back.,CURRENT SYMPTOMS: ,He reports that he has the same mid back pain that has been present since the original injury. It is located in the same area, the mid thoracic spine area. It is described as a pain and an ache and ranges from 3/10 to 6/10 in intensity, and the intensity varies, seeming to go in cycles. The pain has been staying constant.,When I asked whether or not the pain have improved, he stated that he was unable to determine whether or not he had experienced improvement. He indicates that there may be less pain, or conversely, that he may have developed more of a tolerance for the pain. He further states that "I can power through it." "I have learned how to manage the pain, using exercise, stretching, and diversion techniques." It is primary limitation with regards to the back pain involves prolonged sitting. After approximately two hours of sitting, he has required to get up and move around, which results in diminishment of the pain. He indicates that prior to the motor vehicle accident, he could sit for significantly longer periods of time, 10 to 12 hours on a regular basis, and up to 20 hours, continuously, on an occasional basis.,He has never experienced radiation of the pain from the mid thoracic spine, and he has never experienced radicular symptoms of radiation of pain into the extremities, numbness, tingling, or weakness.,Again, aggravating activities include prolonged sitting, greater than approximately two hours.,Alleviating activities include moving around, stretching, and exercising. Also, if he takes ibuprofen, it does seem to help with the back pain.,He is not currently taking medications regularly, but list that he takes occasional ibuprofen when the pain is too persistent.,He indicates that he received several physical therapy sessions for treatment, and was instructed in stretching and exercises. He has subsequently performed the prescribed stretching and exercises daily, for nearly three years.,With regards to recreational activities, he states that he has not limited his activities due to his back pain.,He denies bowel or bladder dysfunction.,FILES REVIEW: ,October 4, 2000: An ambulance was dispatched to the scene of a motor vehicle accident on South and Partlow Road. The EMS crew arrived to find a 49-year-old male sitting in the front passenger seat of a vehicle that was damaged in a rear-end collision and appeared to have minimal damage. He was wearing a seatbelt and he denied loss of consciousness. He also denied a pertinent past medical history. They noted pain in the lower cervical area, mid thoracic and lumbar area. They placed him on a backboard and transported him to Medical Center.,October 4, 2000: He was seen in the emergency department of Medical Center. The provider is described as "unknown." The history from the patient was that he was the passenger in the front seat of a car that was stopped and rear-ended. He stated that he did not exit the car because of pain in his upper back. He reported he had been wearing the seatbelt and harness at that time. He denied a history of back or neck injuries. He was examined on a board and had a cervical collar in place. He was complaining of mid back pain. He denied extremity weakness. Sensory examination was intact. There was no tenderness with palpation or flexion in the neck. The back was a little tender in the upper thoracic spine area without visible deformity. There were no marks on the back. His x-ray was described as "no acute bony process." Listed visit diagnosis was a sprain-thoracic, and he was prescribed hydrocodone/acetaminophen tablets and Motrin 800 mg tablets.,October 4, 2000: During the visit, a Clinician's Report of Disability document was signed by Dr. M, authorizing time loss from October 4, 2000, through October 8, 2000. The document also advised no heavy lifting, pushing, pulling, or overhead work for two weeks. During this visit, a thoracic spine x-ray series, two views, was obtained and read by Dr. JR. The findings demonstrate no evidence of acute injury. No notable arthritic findings. The pedicles and paravertebral soft tissues appear unremarkable.,November 21, 2000: An outpatient progress note was completed at Kaiser, and the clinician of record was Dr. H. The history obtained documents that Mr. Abc continued to experience the same pain that he first noted after the accident, described as a discomfort in the mid thoracic spine area. It was non-radiating and described as a tightness. He also reported that he was hearing clicking noises that he had not previously heard. He denied loss of strength in the arms. The physical examination revealed good strength and normal deep tendon reflexes in the arms. There was minimal tenderness over T4 through T8, in an approximate area. The visit diagnosis listed was back pain. Also described in the assessment was residual pain from MVA, suspected bruised muscles. He was prescribed Motrin 800 mg tablets and an order was sent to physical therapy. Dr. N also documents that if the prescribed treatment measures were not effective, then he would suggest a referral to a physiatrist. Also, the doctor wanted him to discuss with physical therapy whether or not they thought that a chiropractor would be beneficial.,December 4, 2000: He was seen at Kaiser for a physical therapy visit by Philippe Justel, physical therapist. The history obtained from Mr. Abc is that he was not improving. Symptoms described were located in the mid back, centrally. The examination revealed mild tenderness, centrally at T3-T8, with very poor segmental mobility. The posture was described as rigid T/S in flexion. Range of motion was described as within normal limits, without pain at the cervical spine and thoracic spine. The plan listed included two visits per week for two weeks, for mobilization. It is also noted that the physical therapist would contact the MD regarding a referral to a chiropractor.,December 8, 2000: He was seen at Kaiser for a physical therapy visit by Mr. Justel. It was noted that the subjective category of the document revealed that there was no real change. It was noted that Mr. Abc tolerated the treatment well and that he was to see a chiropractor on Monday.,December 11, 2000: He presented to the Chiropractic Wellness Center. There is a form titled 'Chiropractic Case History,' and it documents that Mr. Abc was involved in a motor vehicle accident, in which he was rear-ended in October. He has had mid back pain since that time. The pain is worsened with sitting, especially at a computer. The pain decreases when he changes positions, and sometimes when he walks. Mr. Abc reports that he occasionally takes 800 mg doses of ibuprofen. He reported he went to physical therapy treatment on two occasions, which helped for a few hours only. He did report that he had a previous history of transitory low back pain.,During the visit, he completed a modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and a WC/PI Subjective Complaint Form. He listed complaints of mid and low back pain of a sore and aching character. He rated the pain at grade 3-5/10, in intensity. He reported difficulty with sitting at a table, bending forward, or stooping. He reported that the pain was moderate and comes and goes.,During the visit at the Chiropractic Wellness Center, a spinal examination form was completed. It documents palpation tenderness in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine area and also palpation tenderness present in the suboccipital area, scalenes, and trapezia. Active cervical range of motion measured with goniometry reveals pain and restriction in all planes. Active thoracic range of motion measured with inclinometry revealed pain and restriction in rotation bilaterally. Active lumbosacral range of motion measured with inclinometry reveals pain with lumbar extension, right lateral flexion, and left lateral flexion.,December 11, 2000: He received chiropractic manipulation treatment, and he was advised to return for further treatment at a frequency of twice a week.,December 13, 2000: He returned to the Chiropractic Wellness Center to see Joe Smith, DC, and it is documented that his middle back was better.,December 13, 2000: A personal injury patient history form is completed at the Chiropractic Wellness Center. Mr. Abc reported that on October 4, 2000, he was driving his 1996 Volvo 850 vehicle, wearing seat and shoulder belt safety harnesses, and completely stopped. He was rear-ended by a vehicle traveling at approximately 30 miles per hour. The impact threw him back into his seat, and he felt back pain and determined that it was not wise to move about. He reported approximate damage to his vehicle of $4800. He reported continuing mid and low back pain, of a dull and semi-intense nature. He reported that he was an export company manager for IBIKEN-USA, and that he missed two full days of work, and missed 10-plus partial days of work. He stated that he was treated initially after the motor vehicle accident at Kaiser and received painkillers and ibuprofen, which relieved the pain temporarily. He specifically denied ever experiencing similar symptoms.,December 26, 2000: A no-show was documented at the Chiropractic Wellness Center.,April 5, 2001: He received treatment at the Chiropractic Wellness Center. He reported that two weeks previously, his mid back pain had worsened.,April 12, 2001: He received chiropractic treatment at the Chiropractic Wellness Center.,April 16, 2001: He did not show up for his chiropractic treatment.,April 19, 2001: He did not show up for his chiropractic treatment.,April 26, 2001: He received chiropractic manipulation treatment at the Chiropractic Wellness Center. He reported that his mid back pain increased with sitting at the computer. At the conclusion of this visit, he was advised to return to the clinic as needed.,September 6, 2002: An MRI of the thoracic spine was completed at ABCD Hospital and read by Dr. RL, radiologist. Dr. D noted the presence of minor anterior compression of some mid thoracic vertebrae of indeterminate age, resulting in some increased kyphosis. Some of the mid thoracic discs demonstrate findings consistent with degenerative disc disease, without a significant posterior disc bulging or disc herniation. There are some vertebral end-plate abnormalities, consistent with small Schmorl's nodes, one on the superior aspect of T7, which is compressed anteriorly, and on the inferior aspect of T6.,May 12, 2003: He was seen at the Outpatient Clinic by Dr. L, internal medicine specialist. He was there for a health screening examination, and listed that his only complaints are for psoriasis and chronic mid back pain, which have been present since a 2000 motor vehicle accident. Mr. Abc reported that an outside MRI showed compression fractures in the thoracic spine. The history further documents that Mr. Abc is an avid skier and volunteers on the ski patrol. The physical examination revealed that he was a middle-aged Caucasian male in no acute distress. The diagnosis listed from this visit is back pain and psoriasis. Dr. L documented that he spent one hour in the examination room with the patient discussing what was realistic and reasonable with regard to screening testing. Dr. L also stated that since Mr. Abc was experiencing chronic back pain, he advised him to see a physiatrist for evaluation. He was instructed to bring the MRI to the visit with that practitioner.,June 10, 2003: He was seen at the Physiatry Clinic by Dr. R, physiatrist. The complaint listed is mid back pain. In the subjective portion of the chart note, Dr. R notes that Mr. Abc is involved in the import/export business, and that he is physically active in cycling, skiing, and gardening. He is referred by Dr. L because of persistent lower thoracic pain, following a motor vehicle accident, on October 4, 2000. Mr. Abc told Dr. R that he was the restrained passenger of a vehicle that was rear-ended at a moderate speed. He stated that he experienced immediate discomfort in his thoracic spine area without radiation. He further stated that thoracic spine x-rays were obtained at the Sunnyside Emergency Room and read as normal. It is noted that Mr. Abc was treated conservatively and then referred to physical therapy where he had a number of visits in late of 2002 and early 2003. No further chart entries were documented about the back problem until Mr. Abc complained to Dr. L that he still had ongoing thoracic spine pain during a visit the previous month. He obtained an MRI, out of pocket, at ABCD Hospital and stated that he paid $1100 for it. Dr. R asked to see the MRI and was told by Mr. Abc that he would have to reimburse or pay him $1100 first. He then told the doctor that the interpretation was that he had a T7 and T8 compression fracture. Mr. Abc reported his improvement at about 20%, compared to how he felt immediately after the accident. He described that his only symptoms are an aching pain that occurs after sitting for four to five hours. If he takes a break from sitting and walks around, his symptoms resolve. He is noted to be able to bike, ski, and be active in his garden without any symptoms at all. He denied upper extremity radicular symptoms. He denied lower extremity weakness or discoordination. He also denied bowel or bladder control or sensation issues. Dr. R noted that Mr. Abc was hostile about the Kaiser health plan and was quite uncommunicative, only reluctantly revealing his history. The physical examination revealed that he moved about the examination room without difficulty and exhibited normal lumbosacral range of motion. There was normal thoracic spine motion with good chest expansion. Neurovascular examination of the upper extremities was recorded as normal. There was no spasticity in the lower extremities. There was no tenderness to palpation or percussion up and down the thoracic spine. Dr. R reviewed the thoracic spine films and noted the presence of "a little compression of what appears to be T7 and T8 on the lateral view." Dr. R observed that this was not noted on the original x-ray interpretation. He further stated that the MRI, as noted above, was not available for review. Dr. R assessed that Mr. Abc was experiencing minimal thoracic spine complaints that probably related to the motor vehicle accident three years previously. The doctor further stated that "the patient's symptoms are so mild as to almost not warrant intervention." He discussed the need to make sure that Mr. Abc's workstation was ergonomic and that Mr. Abc could pursue core strengthening. He further recommended that Mr. Abc look into participation in a Pilates class. Mr. Abc was insistent, so Dr. R made plans to order a bone scan to further discriminate the etiology of his symptoms. He advised Mr. Abc that the bone scan results would probably not change treatment. As a result of this visit, Dr. R diagnosed thoracic spine pain (724.1) and ordered a bone scan study. | null |
3,080 | Letter to the patient to let him know about his abnormal cholesterol test results. | Letters | Abnormal Cholesterol Result - Letter | ABNORMAL CHOLESTEROL RESULT LETTER,Recently you had a cholesterol test done. The cholesterol levels were abnormal. These are usually associated with increased risk for stroke and heart attack. I am writing this letter to you to let you know that your levels are high enough that I think intervention is the next best step. I would like you to make an appointment, if you are interested in treatment for this. There are several treatment options available at this time. Diet is one of the options, although there is limited reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol with dieting. Most of the time under strict diet patients can achieve a 15% reduction in cholesterol. If your cholesterol levels are moderate to severely elevated, usually diet is not the first line of therapy. If you are diabetic or have hypertension these two also increase your risk with the combination of hypercholesterolemia. Most of the time cholesterol that is elevated is from your genetic background and is independent of diet. New research shows that treatment of high cholesterol can decrease your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.,Again, I am recommending at least we discuss medical treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Please consider calling for a followup appointment concerning your cholesterol levels. If you should have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. I am enclosing a copy of your lab results for your review. | letters, letter, ldl, abnormal, cholesterol, cholesterol level, cholesterol test, heart attack, hypercholesterolemia, increased risk, lab results, stroke, total cholesterol, abnormal cholesterol result, abnormal cholesterol, cholesterol levels, levels, treatment, dietNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental. |
3,081 | Specimen - Lung, left lower lobe resection. Sarcomatoid carcinoma with areas of pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma. The tumor closely approaches the pleural surface but does not invade the pleura. | Lab Medicine - Pathology | Immunohistochemical Study | CLINICAL HISTORY: , Patient is a 37-year-old female with a history of colectomy for adenoma. During her preop evaluation it was noted that she had a lesion on her chest x-ray. CT scan of the chest confirmed a left lower mass.,SPECIMEN: , Lung, left lower lobe resection.,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES:, Tumor cells show no reactivity with cytokeratin AE1/AE3. No significant reactivity with CAM5.2 and no reactivity with cytokeratin-20 are seen. Tumor cells show partial reactivity with cytokeratin-7. PAS with diastase demonstrates no convincing intracytoplasmic mucin. No neuroendocrine differentiation is demonstrated with synaptophysin and chromogranin stains. Tumor cells show cytoplasmic and nuclear reactivity with S100 antibody. No significant reactivity is demonstrated with melanoma marker HMB-45 or Melan-A. Tumor cell nuclei (spindle cell and pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma components) show nuclear reactivity with thyroid transcription factor marker (TTF-1). The immunohistochemical studies are consistent with primary lung sarcomatoid carcinoma with pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma components.,FINAL DIAGNOSIS:,Histologic Tumor Type: Sarcomatoid carcinoma with areas of pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma.,Tumor Size: 2.7 x 2.0 x 1.4 cm.,Visceral Pleura Involvement: The tumor closely approaches the pleural surface but does not invade the pleura.,Vascular Invasion: Present.,Margins: Bronchial resection margins and vascular margins are free of tumor.,Lymph Nodes: Metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma into one of four hilar lymph nodes.,Pathologic Stage: pT1N1MX. | lab medicine - pathology, cytokeratin-20, hmb-45, melanoma, spindle cell carcinoma, tumor cells, carcinoma, immunohistochemical, lung, cytokeratin, sarcomatoid, spindle, pleural, cell, tumor, |
3,082 | Prostate adenocarcinoma and erectile dysfunction - Pathology report. | Lab Medicine - Pathology | Pathology - Prostate | SPECIMENS:,1. Pelvis-right pelvic obturator node.,2. Pelvis-left pelvic obturator node.,3. Prostate.,POST-OPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Adenocarcinoma of prostate, erectile dysfunction.,DIAGNOSTIC OPINION:,1. Adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 9, with tumor extension to periprostatic tissue, margin involvement, and tumor invasion to seminal vesicle, prostate.,2. No evidence of metastatic carcinoma, right pelvic obturator lymph node.,3. Metastatic adenocarcinoma, left obturator lymph node; see description.,CLINICAL HISTORY: , None listed.,GROSS DESCRIPTION:,Specimen #1 labeled "right pelvic obturator lymph nodes" consists of two portions of adipose tissue measuring 2.5 x 1x 0.8 cm and 2.5 x 1x 0.5 cm. There are two lymph nodes measuring 1 x 0.7 cm and 0.5 x 0.5 cm. The entire specimen is cut into several portions and totally embedded.,Specimen #2 labeled "left pelvic obturation lymph nodes" consists of an adipose tissue measuring 4 x 2 x 1 cm. There are two lymph nodes measuring 1.3 x 0.8 cm and 1 x 0.6 cm. The entire specimen is cut into 1 cm. The entire specimen is cut into several portions and totally embedded.,Specimen #3 labeled "prostate" consists of a prostate. It measures 5 x 4.5 x 4 cm. The external surface shows very small portion of seminal vesicles attached in both sides with tumor induration. External surface also shows tumor induration especially in right side. External surface is stained with green ink. The cut surface shows diffuse tumor induration especially in right side. The tumor appears to extend to excision margin. Multiple representative sections are made.,MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION:,Section #1 reveals lymph node. There is no evidence of metastatic carcinoma.,Section #2 reveals lymph node with tumor metastasis in section of large lymph node as well as section of small lymph node.,Section #3 reveals adenocarcinoma of prostate. Gleason's score 9 (5+4). The tumor shows extension to periprostatic tissue as well as margin involvement. Seminal vesicle attached to prostate tissue shows tumor invasion. Dr. XXX reviewed the above case. His opinion agrees with the above diagnosis.,SUMMARY:,A. Adenocarcinoma of prostate, Gleason's score 9, with both lobe involvement and seminal vesicle involvement (T3b).,B. There is lymph node metastasis (N1).,C. Distant metastasis cannot be assessed (MX).,D. Excision margin is positive and there is tumor extension to periprostatic tissue. | lab medicine - pathology, pelvic obturator node, erectile dysfunction, seminal vesicle, prostate, lymph node, specimen, section, adenocarcinoma of prostate, pelvic obturator, tumor, lymph, node, specimens, adenocarcinoma, |
3,083 | Specimen labeled "right ovarian cyst" is received fresh for frozen section. | Lab Medicine - Pathology | Pathology - Ovarian Cyst | GROSS DESCRIPTION: , Specimen labeled "right ovarian cyst" is received fresh for frozen section. It consists of a smooth-walled, clear fluid filled cyst measuring 13x12x7 cm and weighing 1351 grams with fluid. Both surfaces of the wall are pink-tan, smooth and grossly unremarkable. No firm or thick areas or papillary structures are noted on the cyst wall externally or internally. After removal the fluid, the cyst weight 68 grams. The fluid is transparent and slightly mucoid. A frozen section is submitted.,DIAGNOSIS: , Benign cystic ovary., | lab medicine - pathology, right ovarian cyst, specimen, ovarian cyst, frozen section, ovarian, frozen, sectionNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental. |
3,084 | Probable right upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma. Specimen is received fresh for frozen section, labeled with the patient's identification and "Right upper lobe lung". | Lab Medicine - Pathology | Lung adenocarcinoma Path Report | CLINICAL HISTORY: ,Probable right upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma.,SPECIMEN: , Lung, right upper lobe resection.,GROSS DESCRIPTION:, Specimen is received fresh for frozen section, labeled with the patient's identification and "Right upper lobe lung". It consists of one lobectomy specimen measuring 16.1 x 10.6 x,4.5.cm. The specimen is covered by a smooth, pink-tan and gray pleural surface which is largely unremarkable. Sectioning reveals a round, ill-defined, firm, tan-gray mucoid mass. This mass measures 3.6 x 3.3 x 2.7 cm and is located 3.7 cm from the closest surgical margin and 3.9 cm from the hilum. There is no necrosis or hemorrhage evident. The tumor grossly appears to abut, but not invade through, the visceral pleura, and the overlying pleura is puckered.,FINAL DIAGNOSIS:, Right lung, upper lobe, lobectomy: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, mucinous type,COMMENT:, Right upper lobe, lobectomy.,Tumor type: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, mucinous type.,Histologic grade: Well differentiated.,Tumor size (greatest diameter): 3.6 cm.,Blood/lymphatic vessel invasion: Absent.,Perineural invasion: Absent.,Bronchial margin: Negative.,Vascular margin: Negative.,Inked surgical margin: Negative.,Visceral pleura: Not involved.,In situ carcinoma: Absent.,Non-neoplastic lung: Emphysema.,Hilar lymph nodes: Number of positive lymph nodes: 0; Total number of lymph nodes: 1.,P53 immunohistochemical stain is negative in the tumor. | lab medicine - pathology, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, mucinous, mucoid mass, lymph nodes, upper lobe, visceral, bronchioloalveolar, carcinoma, lymph, pleural, margin, tumor, adenocarcinoma, specimen, lobe, lung, |
3,085 | Specimen labeled "sesamoid bone left foot". | Lab Medicine - Pathology | Pathology - Sesamoid Bone | GROSS DESCRIPTION: , Specimen labeled "sesamoid bone left foot" is received in formalin and consists of three irregular fragments of grey-brown, hard, bony tissue admixed with multiple fragments of brown-tan, rubbery, fibrocollagenous, soft tissue altogether measuring 3.1 x 1.5 x 0.9 cm. The specimen is entirely submitted, after decalcification.,DIAGNOSIS:, Acute Osteomyelitis, with foci of marrow fibrosis.,Focal acute and chronic inflammation of fascia and soft tissue. Arteriosclerosis, severely occlusive. | lab medicine - pathology, marrow fibrosis, osteomyelitis, arteriosclerosis, inflammation of fascia, specimen, fragmentsNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental. |
3,086 | The right upper lobe wedge biopsy shows a poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma with a solid growth pattern and without definite glandular differentiation by light microscopy. | Lab Medicine - Pathology | Lung Biopsy Pathology Report - 1 | GROSS DESCRIPTION:,A. Received fresh labeled with patient's name, designated 'right upper lobe wedge', is an,8.0 x 3.5 x 3.0 cm wedge of lung which has an 11.5 cm staple line. There is a 0.8 x,0.7 x 0.5 cm sessile tumor with surrounding pleural puckering.,B. Received fresh, labeled with patient's name, designated "lymph node', is a 1.7 cm possible lymph node with anthracotic pigment.,C. Received fresh labeled with patient's name, designated 'right upper lobe', is a 16.0 x,14.5 x 6.0 cm lobe of lung. The lung is inflated with formalin. There is a 12.0 cm staple line on the lateral surface, inked blue. There is a 1.3 x 1.1 x 0.8 cm subpleural firm ill-defined mass, 2.2 cm from the bronchial margin and 1.5 cm from the previously described staple line. The overlying pleura is puckered.,D. Received fresh, labeled with patient's name, designated '4 lymph nodes', is a 2.0 x 2.0 x 2.0 cm aggregate of lymphoid material with anthracotic pigment and adipose tissue.,E. Received fresh, labeled with patient's name, designated 'subcarinal lymph node', is a,2.0 x 1.7 x 0.8 cm aggregate of lymphoid material with anthracotic pigment .,FINAL DIAGNOSIS:,A. Right upper lobe wedge lung biopsy: Poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma. Tumor Size: 0.8 cm. Arterial (large vessel) invasion: Not seen. Small vessel (lymphatic) invasion: Not seen. Pleural invasion: Not identified. Margins of excision: Negative for malignancy.,B. Biopsy, 10R lymph node: Anthracotically pigmented lymphoid tissue, negative for malignancy.,C. Right upper lobe, lung: Moderately differentiated non-small cell carcinoma,(adenocarcinoma). Tumor Size: 1.3 cm. Arterial (large vessel) invasion: Present. Small vessel (lymphatic) invasion: Not seen. Pleural invasion: Not identified. Margins of excision: Negative for malignancy.,D. Biopsy, 4R lymph nodes: Lymphoid tissue, negative for malignancy.,E. Biopsy, subcarinal lymph node: Lymphoid tissue, negative for malignancy.,COMMENTS:, Pathologic examination reveals two separate tumors in the right upper lobe. They appear histologically distinct, suggesting they are separate primary tumors (pT1). The right upper lobe wedge biopsy (part A) shows a poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma with a solid growth pattern and without definite glandular differentiation by light microscopy. The right upper lobe carcinoma identified in the resection (part C) is a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with obvious gland formation. | lab medicine - pathology, lung biopsy, wedge, lobe, pathologic, lymph node', node', lymphoid, malignancy, lung, lymph, biopsy |
3,087 | Blunt trauma to the distal right thumb without fracture. Worker’s Compensation Injury | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Worker's Compensation Injury | CHIEF COMPLAINT:, Worker’s compensation injury.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, The patient is a 21-year-old Hispanic female. She comes in today with her boyfriend. The patient speaks English fairly well, but her primary language is Spanish. Her boyfriend does help to make sure that she understands what we are talking about. The patient seems to understand our conversation fairly well. She works at Norcraft and injured her right thumb on 09/10/2004 at 12:15 a.m. She was pushing a cart and mashed her thumb between the cart and the wall. This was at the finishing room in Norcraft. She went ahead and went to work yesterday, which was the 14th, but was not able to work on the 13th. She has swelling in her thumb. It hurt only if it is pushed on. It was the distal end of her thumb that was mashed. She has not noticed any numbness or tingling or weakness. She has not sought any treatment for this, is not taking any pain medications. She did try soaking it in warm salt water and did not notice any improvement.,MEDICATIONS: , None.,ALLERGIES: , None.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Possible history of chicken pox, otherwise no other medical illnesses. She has never had any surgery.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Parents and two siblings are healthy. She has had no children.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, The patient is single. She lives with her boyfriend and his father. She works at Norcraft. She wears seatbelt 30% of the time. I encouraged her to use them all of the time. She is a nonsmoker, nondrinker.,VACCINATIONS: , She thinks she got a tetanus vaccine in childhood, but does not know for sure. She does not think she has had a tetanus booster recently.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,Constitutional: No fevers, chills, or sweats.,Neurologic: She has had no numbness, tingling, or weakness.,Musculoskeletal: As above in HPI. No other difficulties.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,General: This is a well-developed, well-nourished, very pleasant Hispanic female, in no acute distress.,Vital Signs: Weight: 121.4. Blood pressure: 106/78. Pulse: 64. Respirations: 20. Temperature: 96.,Extremities: Examination of the right hand reveals the distal end of the thumb to be swollen especially just proximal to the nail bed. The nail bed is pushed up. I can see hematoma below the nail bed, although it does appear to be intact. She has some blue fingernail polish on her nail also, but that is starting to come off. She is able to bend her thumb normally at the DIP joint. She has no discomfort doing that. Sensation is intact over the entire thumb. She has normal capillary refill. There is some erythema and swelling noted especially over the posterior thumb just proximal to the nail bed. I am not feeling any fluctuance. I do not think it is a collection of pus. There is no drainage. She does have some small fissures in the skin where I think she did injure it with this smashing injury, but no deep lacerations at all. It looks like there may be some mild cellulitis at the site of her injury.,LABORATORY:, X-ray of the thumb was obtained and I do not see any sign of fracture or foreign body.,ASSESSMENT:, Blunt trauma to the distal right thumb without fracture. I think there is some mild cellulitis developing there.,PLAN:,1. We will give a tetanus diphtheria booster.,2. We will start Keflex 500 mg one p.o. q.i.d. x 7 days. I would recommend that she can return to work, but she is not to do any work that requires the use of her right thumb. I would like to see her back on Monday, the 20th in the morning and we can see how her thumb is doing at that time. If she is noticing any difficulties with increased redness, increased warmth, increased pain, pus-like drainage, or any other difficulties, she is to go ahead and give us a call. Otherwise I will be seeing her back on Monday. | null |
3,088 | Patient did undergo surgical intervention as related to the right knee and it was noted that the reconstruction had failed. A screw had come loose. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Records Review - Orthopedic | Thereafter, he was evaluated and it was felt that further reconstruction as related to the anterior cruciate ligament was definitely not indicated. On December 5, 2008, Mr. XXXX did undergo a total knee replacement arthroplasty performed by Dr. X.,Thereafter, he did an extensive course of physical therapy, work hardening, and a work conditioning type program.,At the present time, he does complain of significant pain and swelling as related to the right knee. He is unable to crawl and/or kneel. He does state he is able to walk a city block and in fact, he is able to do 20 minutes of a treadmill. Stairs are a significant problem. His pain is a 5 to 6 on a scale of 1 to 10.,He is better when he is resting, sitting, propped up, and utilizing his ice. He is much worse when he is doing any type of physical activity.,He has denied having any previous history of similar problems.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: ,Over-the-counter pain medication.,ALLERGIES: , NKA.,SURGERIES: , Numerous surgeries as related to the right lower extremity.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He does admit to one half pack of cigarette consumption per day. He denies any alcohol consumption.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,On examination today, he is 28-year-old male who is 6 feet 1, weighs 250 pounds. He does not appear to be in distress at this time. One could appreciate 1-2/4 intraarticular effusion. The range of motion is 0 to a 110 degrees of flexion. I could not appreciate any evidence of instability medial, lateral, anterior or posterior. Crepitus is noted with regards to range of motion testing. His strength is 4 to 5 as related to the quadriceps and hamstring.,There is atrophy as related to the right thigh. The patient is able to stand from a seated position and sit from a standing position without difficulty.,RECORDS REVIEW:,1. First report of injury.,2. July 17, 2002, x-rays of the right knee were negative.,3. Notes of the Medina General Hospital Occupational Health, Steven Rodgers, M.D.,4. August 5, 2002, an MRI scan of the right knee which demonstrated peripheral tear of the posterior horn of the medial | null |
3,089 | Lung, wedge biopsy right lower lobe and resection right upper lobe. Lymph node, biopsy level 2 and 4 and biopsy level 7 subcarinal. PET scan demonstrated a mass in the right upper lobe and also a mass in the right lower lobe, which were also identified by CT scan. | Lab Medicine - Pathology | Lung Biopsy Pathology Report | CLINICAL HISTORY:, A 48-year-old smoker found to have a right upper lobe mass on chest x-ray and is being evaluated for chest pain. PET scan demonstrated a mass in the right upper lobe and also a mass in the right lower lobe, which were also identified by CT scan. The lower lobe mass was approximately 1 cm in diameter and the upper lobe mass was 4 cm to 5 cm in diameter. The patient was referred for surgical treatment.,SPECIMEN:,A. Lung, wedge biopsy right lower lobe,B. Lung, resection right upper lobe,C. Lymph node, biopsy level 2 and 4,D. Lymph node, biopsy level 7 subcarinal,FINAL DIAGNOSIS:,A. Wedge biopsy of right lower lobe showing: Adenocarcinoma, Grade 2, Measuring 1 cm in diameter with invasion of the overlying pleura and with free resection margin.,B. Right upper lobe lung resection showing: Adenocarcinoma, grade 2, measuring 4 cm in diameter with invasion of the overlying pleura and with free bronchial margin. Two (2) hilar lymph nodes with no metastatic tumor.,C. Lymph node biopsy at level 2 and 4 showing seven (7) lymph nodes with anthracosis and no metastatic tumor.,D. Lymph node biopsy, level 7 subcarinal showing (5) lymph nodes with anthracosis and no metastatic tumor.,COMMENT: ,The morphology of the tumor seen in both lobes is similar and we feel that the smaller tumor involving the right lower lobe is most likely secondary to transbronchial spread from the main tumor involving the right upper lobe. This suggestion is supported by the fact that no obvious vascular or lymphatic invasion is demonstrated and adjacent to the smaller tumor, there is isolated nests of tumor cells within the air spaces. Furthermore, immunoperoxidase stain for Ck-7, CK-20 and TTF are performed on both the right lower and right upper lobe nodule. The immunohistochemical results confirm the lung origin of both tumors and we feel that the tumor involving the right lower lobe is due to transbronchial spread from the larger tumor nodule involving the right upper lobe., | lab medicine - pathology, pet scan, wedge biopsy, morphology, lung wedge biopsy, lymph node biopsy, lymph node, lower lobe, tumor, biopsy, lobe, lung, mass, lymph, node |
3,090 | Qualified medical evaluation report of a patient with back pain. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Qualified Medical Evaluation Report | HISTORY OF INJURY AND PRESENT COMPLAINTS: , The patient is a 59-year-old gentleman. He is complaining chiefly of persistent lower back pain. He states the pain is of a rather constant nature. He describes it as a rather constant dull ache, sometimes rather sharp and stabbing in nature, most localized to the right side of his back more so than the left side of his lower back. He states he has difficulty with prolonged standing or sitting. He can only stand for about 5-10 minutes, then he has to sit down. He can only sit for about 15-20 minutes, he has to get up and move about because it exacerbates his back pain. He has difficulty with bending and stooping maneuvers. He describes an intermittent radiating pain down his right leg, down from the right gluteal hip area to the back of the thigh to the calf and the foot. He gets numbness along the lateral aspect of the foot itself. He also describes chronic pain complaints with associated tension in the back of his neck. He states the pain is of a constant nature in his neck. He states he gets pain that radiates into the right shoulder girdle area and the right forearm. He describes some numbness along the lateral aspect of the right forearm. He states he has trouble trying to use his arm at or above shoulder height. He has difficulty pushing, pulling, gripping, and grasping with the right upper extremity. He describes pain at the anterior aspect of his shoulder, in particular. He denies any headache complaints. He is relating his above complaints to two industrial injuries that he sustained while employed with Frito Lay Company as a truck driver or delivery person. He relates an initial injury that occurred on 06/29/1994, when apparently he was stepping out of the cab of his truck. He lost his footing and fell. He reached out to grab the hand railing. He fell backwards on his back and his right shoulder. He had immediate onset of shoulder pain, neck pain, and low back pain. He had pain into his right leg. He initially came under the care of Dr. H, an occupational physician in Modesto. Initially, he did not obtain any MRIs or x-rays. He did undergo some physical therapy and received some medications. Dr. H referred him to Dr. Q, a chiropractor for three visits, which the patient was not certain was very helpful. The patient advises he then changed treating physicians to Dr. N, D.C., whom he had seen previously for some back pain complaints back in 1990. He felt that the chiropractic care was helping his back, neck, and shoulder pain complaints somewhat. He continues with rather persistent pain in his right shoulder. He underwent an MRI of the right shoulder performed on 08/16/1994 which revealed prominent impingement with biceps tenosynovitis as well as supraspinatus tendonitis superimposed by a small pinhole tear of the rotator cuff. The patient was referred to Dr. P, an orthopedic surgeon who suggested some physical therapy for him and some antiinflammatories. He felt that the patient might require a cortisone injection or possibly a surgical intervention. The patient also underwent an MRI of the cervical spine on 08/03/1994, which again revealed multilevel degenerative disc disease in his neck. There is some suggestion of bilateral neuroforaminal encroachment due to degenerative changes and disc bulges, particularly at C5-6 and C6-7 levels. The patient was also seen by Dr. P, a neurologist for a Neurology consult. It is unclear to me as to whether or not Dr. P had performed an EMG or nerve conduction studies of his upper or lower extremities. The patient was off work for approximately six months following his initial injury date that occurred on 06/29/1994. He returned back to regular duty. Dr. N declared him permanent and stationary on 04/04/1995. The patient then had a recurrence or flare-up or possibly new injury, again, particularly to his lower back while working for Frito Lay on 03/29/1997, when he was loading some pallets on the back of a trailer. At that time, he returned to see Dr. N for chiropractic care, who is his primary treating physician. Dr. N took him off work again. He was off work again for approximately another six months, during which time, he was seen by Dr. M, M.D., a neurosurgeon. He had a new MRI of his lumbar spine performed. The MRI was performed on 05/20/1997. It revealed L4-5 disc space narrowing with prominent disc bulge with some mild spinal stenosis. The radiologist had noted he had a prior disc herniation at this level with some improvement from prior exam. Dr. M saw him on 09/18/1997 and noted that there was some improvement in his disc herniation at the L4-5 level following a more recent MRI exam of 05/20/1997, from previous MRI exam of 1996 which revealed a rather prominent right-sided L4-5 disc herniation. Dr. M felt that there was no indication for a lumbar spine surgery, but he mentioned with regards to his cervical spine, he felt that EMG studies of the right upper extremity should be obtained and he may require a repeat MRI of the cervical spine, if the study was positive. The patient did undergo some nerve conduction studies of his lower extremities with Dr. K, M.D., which suggested a possible abnormal EMG with evidence of possible L5 radiculopathy, both right and left. Unfortunately, I had no medical reports from Dr. P suggesting that he may have performed nerve conduction studies or EMGs of the upper and lower extremities. The patient did see Dr. R for a neurosurgical consult. Dr. R evaluated both his neck and lower back pain complaints on several occasions. Dr. R suggested that the patient try some cervical epidural steroid injections and lumbar selective nerve root blocks. The patient underwent these injections with Dr. K. The patient reported only very slight relief temporarily with regards to his back and leg symptoms following the injections. It is not clear from the medical record review whether the patient ever had a cervical epidural steroid injection; it appears that he had some selective nerve root blocks performed in the lumbar spine. Dr. R on 12/15/2004 suggested that the patient had an MRI of the cervical spine revealing a right-sided C5-6 herniated nucleus pulposus which would explain his C-6 distribution numbness. The patient also was noted to have a C4-5 with rather severe degenerative disc disease. He felt the patient might be a candidate for a two-level ACDF at C4-5 and C5-6. Dr. R in another report of 08/11/2004 suggested that the patient's MRI of 05/25/2004 of the lumbar spine reveals multilevel degenerative disc disease. He had an L4-5 slight anterior spondylolisthesis, this may be a transitional vertebrae at the L6 level as well, with lumbarization of S1. He felt that his examination suggested a possible right S1 radiculopathy with discogenic back pain. He would suggest right-sided S1 selective nerve root blocks to see if this would be helpful; if not, he might be a candidate for a lumbar spine fusion, possibly a Dynesys or a fusion or some major spine surgery to help resolve his situation., ,The patient relates that he really prefers a more conservative approach of treatment regarding his neck, back, and right shoulder symptoms. He continued to elect chiropractic care which he has found helpful, but apparently the insurance carrier is no longer authorizing chiropractic care for him. He is currently taking no medications to manage his pain complaints. He states regarding his work status, he was off work again for another six months following the 03/29/1997 injury. He returned back to work and continued to work regular duty up until about a year ago, at which time, he was taken back off work again and placed on TTD status by Dr. N, his primary treating physician. The patient states he has not been back to work since. He has since applied for social security disability and now is receiving social security disability benefits. The patient states he has tried some Myox therapy with Dr. H on 10 sessions, which he found somewhat helpful. Overall, the patient does not feel that he could return back to his usual and customary work capacity as a delivery driver for Frito Lay., | null |
3,091 | Is it BNP or BMP? | Lab Medicine - Pathology | BNP v/s BMP | BNP, (brain natriuretic peptide or B-type natriuretic peptide) is a substance produced in the heart ventricles when there is excessive strain to the heart muscles. A blood test for this can be used as an effective parameter for detecting an acute event of congestive heart failure, where the heart is unable to pump sufficient amount of blood required by the body's needs. When a person has a heart failure (such as MI), BNP is secreted so immensely that it sits well above the measurable range. Values above 100 signal a problematic situation and those above 500 a highly demanding state. Note that a person with a remote history of heart problems may not have BNP levels elevated, but it is used as a measure of acute events.,On the other hand, ,BMP, or basic metabolic panel is not a single test but a group of 8 tests (glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, BUN, creatinine). Any test that has the word panel in it is not a single test, so cannot have a single value.,With this logic in mind, if a doctor uses phrases like "BNP/BMP is elevated/negative/positive/is greater than/less than etc." and then a single value, it may not be BMP. You can also take the hint from the file whether the patient presented to the hospital with an acute coronary event. Likewise, if he says multiple values for this test, this must be BMP., | lab medicine - pathology, brain natriuretic peptide, b-type natriuretic peptide, basic metabolic panel, glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, bun, creatinine, natriuretic peptide, bmp, bnp, |
3,092 | Records review. The patient developed shooting pain about the right upper extremity into his hand from his elbow down to the hand. Any type of rotation and pulling muscle did cause numbness of the middle, ring, and small finger. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Records Review - Epicondylitis | ALLOWED CONDITIONS:, Lateral epicondylitis, right elbow,EMPLOYER:, ABCD,REQUESTED ALLOWANCE:, Carpal tunnel syndrome right.,Mr. XXXX is a 41-year-old male employed by ABCD as a car disassembler to make Hurst Limousines injured his right elbow on September 11, 2007, while stripping cars. He does state he was employed for such company for the last five years. His work includes lots of pulling, pushing, and working in weird angles. He does state on the date of injury, he was not doing anything additional.,TREATMENT HISTORY: , Thereafter, he developed shooting pain about the right upper extremity into his hand from his elbow down to the hand. Any type of rotation and pulling muscle did cause numbness of the middle, ring, and small finger. He was initially seen by Dr. X on October 18, 2007, at the Occupational Health Facility. He utilized a tennis elbow brace, but did continue to experience symptomatology into the middle, ring, and small finger. He was placed on light duty for the next couple of months. Mr. XXXX suffered another work injury to the right shoulder on October 11, 2007. He did undergo arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by Dr. Y in December of 2007. Thereafter, he continued to work in a light duty type of basis for the next few months.,An EMG and nerve conduction study was performed in December of 2008, which demonstrated evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome. He was able to return to work doing more of a light duty type of position.,The injured worker has also seen Dr. Y once again subsequent to the EMG and nerve conduction study on December 3, 2008. It was felt that the injured worker would benefit from decompression of the carpal tunnel and an ulnar nerve transposition. The injured worker subsequently was placed in a no work status thereafter.,At the present time, the injured worker does complain of light tingling into the small, ring, and middle finger. There are times when the whole hand becomes very numb. He does not use and do any type of lifting with regards to the right hand secondary to the discomfort. His pain does vary between a 4 on a scale of 1 to 10. He denies any weakness. He does not awaken at night with the symptomatology. Doing his job is the only causation as related to the carpal tunnel syndrome and the cubital tunnel type symptoms. He does state that he is right-handed.,In addition, he does note numbness and tingling as related to the left hand. He has not had any type of EMG and nerve conduction study as related to the left upper extremity.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , None.,ALLERGIES:, Zyrtec.,SURGERIES: , Left shoulder surgery.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The injured worker denies tobacco or alcohol consumption.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, Healthy-appearing 41-year-old male, who is 5 feet 8 inches, weighs 205 pounds. He does not appear to be in distress at this time.,On examination of the right upper extremity, one can appreciate no evidence of swelling, discoloration or ecchymosis. The range of motion of the right wrist reveals flexion is 50 degrees, dorsiflexion 60 degrees, ulnar deviation 30 degrees, radial deviation 20 degrees. Tinel's and Phalen's tests were positive. Reverse Phalen's test was negative. There is diminished sensation in distribution of the thumb, index, middle, and ring finger. The intrinsic function did appear to be intact. The injured worker does not demonstrate any evidence of difficulties as related to extension of the middle, ring, and index finger as related to the elbow. The range of motion of the right elbow reveals flexion 140 degrees, extension 0 degrees, pronation and supination 80 degrees. Tinel's test is negative as related to the elbow and the ulnar nerve.,There is noted to be satisfactory strength as related to major motor groups of the right upper extremity.,RECORDS REVIEW: ,1. First report of injury, difficulty as related to both hands.,2. Number of notes of Occupational Health Clinic. It was felt that the injured worker did indeed suffer from median nerve entrapment at the wrist and ulnar nerve entrapment at the right elbow with the associated right lateral epicondylitis.,3. December 20, 2007, operative note of Dr. Y. At which time, the injured worker underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, subacromial decompression, partial synovectomy of the anterior compartment, limited debridement of the partial superior-sided subscapularis tear without evidence of subacromial impingement.,4. November 17, 2008, EMG and nerve conduction study, which demonstrated moderate right median neuropathy plus carpal tunnel syndrome.,ASSESSMENT: , Please state your opinion for the following questions based upon your review of the enclosed medical records on January 23, 2009, examination of the claimant.,Please indicate whether the restriction given on December 3, 2008, is the result of the allowed condition of lateral epicondylitis.,It should be noted on physical examination that the symptomatology as related to the lateral epicondylitis have very much resolved as of January 23, 2009. Resisted extension of the middle finger and wrist do not cause any pain about the lateral epicondylar region. It also should be noted that really there is no significant weakness as related to the function of the right upper extremity. Also noted is there is an absence of tenderness as related to the lateral epicondylar region.,QUESTION: ,Has the claimant reached maximum medical improvement for the allowed conditions of lateral epicondylitis? Please explain.,ANSWER: ,Based upon the examination on January 23, 2009, the injured worker has indeed reached maximum medical improvement as related to the diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis. This is based upon review of the medical records, evidence-based medicine, and the Official Disability Guidelines.,QUESTION: ,Please indicate whether the allowed condition of lateral epicondylitis has temporarily and totally disabled the claimant from December 8, 2008 through February 1, 2009, and continuing. Please explain.,ANSWER: ,There is insufficient medical evidence and it is my opinion to state that the allowed condition of lateral epicondylitis is not temporarily and totally disabling the claimant from December 8, 2008 through February 1, 2009, and continuing. As mentioned the symptomatology referable to the lateral epicondylar region has very much resolved based upon the examination performed on January 23, 2009.,QUESTION: ,If it is your opinion that the claimant is temporarily and totally disabled due to allowed condition of lateral epicondylitis, please indicate what treatment the claimant must undergo in order to achieve a plateau of maximum medical improvement. Please also give an estimated time for maximum medical improvement.,ANSWER: ,The injured worker has indeed reached maximum medical improvement as related to the elbow. There is no question that the injured worker is not temporarily and totally disabled due to the allowed condition of lateral epicondylitis. At the time of the exam, the injured worker has indeed reached maximum medical improvement as related to lateral epicondylitis as described previously.,QUESTION: ,Is the claimant suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome, right? | null |
3,093 | Occupational medicine consult with questions-answers and records review. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Occupational Medicine Consult - 3 | ALLOWED CONDITIONS:, Sprain of left knee and leg.,CONTESTED CONDITION:, Left knee tear medial meniscus, left knee ACL tear.,EMPLOYER:, YYYY,REQUESTING PARTY:, XXXX,Mr. XXXXXX is a xx-year-old male who was evaluated for an independent medical examination on September 20, 2007, because of an injury sustained to the left leg. The injured worker does state that he was working as a processor for the ABCD Company on July 18, 2007, when he injured his left knee. He does state he was working in a catwalk when he stepped up. He noticed his sight glass was not open on the tank. He then stepped straight down and his knee went sideways. His knee popped and he sat down secondary to discomfort. At that time he could not do any type of activity secondary to the pain. The nurse called the ambulance subsequent to this injury and he was taken to Bethesda North. X-rays were obtained which demonstrated no evidence of fracture. Thereafter, he was referred to X who he saw on July 19, 2007. It was felt that a MRI scan about the knee needed to be obtained and it was obtained on July 24. It was noted that there was evidence of an anterior cruciate ligament tear and a slight medial meniscal tear. On his second visit, it was felt that arthroscopic surgery intervention was indicated as related to the left knee.,On September 7, 2007, he underwent surgical intervention at ABC for the anterior cruciate reconstruction as well as the partial medial meniscectomy.,At the present time, he is progressing along with physical therapy. He is utilizing one crutch.,He does admit to significant bruising and swelling about the left lower extremity. If he does indeed move too fast, the discomfort is increased. His pain about the left knee is approximately 6 to 7 on a scale of 1 to 10.,He has had injuries to the right knee in which he wrecked his bicycle and did have some type of fracture bone spur when he was 13 years of age.,He underwent arthroscopic surgery as related to the right knee at that time and really did quite well.,His next appointment with Dr. X is on October 4, 2007.,The injured worker denies any previous history of similar problems as related to the left knee.,MEDICATIONS: , Glucophage, Lipitor, Actos, Benicar, glimepiride, and Januvia.,SURGICAL HISTORY:, Arthroscopic surgery of the left knee and arthroscopic surgery of the right knee.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, The patient denies alcohol consumption. He does smoke approximately one and a half packs of cigarettes per day. His education is that of 12th grade.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , This is a healthy appearing 34-year-old male who is 5 feet 9 inches and weighs 285 pounds. He does not appear to be in distress at this time. Examination is limited to the left knee. One could appreciate a healed scar as related to the inferior pole inferior to the patella. There are healed arthroscopic scars as well. The range of motion of left knee reveals 50 to 70 degrees of flexion. There is evidence of medial and lateral joint line discomfort. Anterior Lachman's test was negative. No evidence of atrophy is noted. There is weakness with aggressive function about the quadriceps and hamstring musculature.,The patient is ambulating with one crutch at this time.,There is mild degree of swelling as related to the left knee. Deep tendon reflexes are +2/+2 bilaterally symmetrical. Sensory examination was normal as related to the foot, but abnormal as related to the left knee.,I did review pictures that were taken at the time of the surgery, which demonstrates the meniscectomy and the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.,MEDICAL RECORDS REVIEW:,1. July 18, 2007, x-rays of the left knee demonstrated evidence of a small suprapatellar joint effusion. It should be noted that the exam demonstrated evidence of medial and lateral joint line discomfort. There was specific mention of intraarticular effusion.,2. On July 27, 2007, MRI scan of the left knee was obtained, which demonstrated evidence of the complete tear of the mid to distal ACL. Findings suggestive of a chronic injury. Grade I sprain of the MCL was noted. Contusion __________ plateau medial femoral condyle and lateral femoral condyle was noted. There was evidence of a small peripheral longitudinal tear of the posterior horn of medial meniscus. Chondromalacia of the lateral femoral condyle and patella was noted. It should be noted that the changes of degeneration of the cartilages of the injured worker's knee and the chronic anterior cruciate ligament changes were noted related to the July 18, 2007, injury.,3. July 18, 2007, first report of injury, occupational disease, and/or death.,4. Evaluations of ABCD Hospital. It should be noted that the mechanism of injury was such that he was walking down the stairs when his left knee locked up.,5. July 18, 2007, x-rays of the left knee were obtained, which demonstrated the evidence of no acute fracture or significant osteoarthritis. There is evidence there maybe a small suprapatellar joint effusion.,6. Notes from the office of Dr. X. It should be noted on physical examination his range of motion is 8 to 20 degrees.,7. Physical therapy prescription for __________ Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Corporation.,8. August 10, 2007, requests for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon.,9. Physician narrative of August 24, 2007. It is noted that the injured worker did indeed have evidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. His BMI was 42. This was felt __________ pre-injury MRI scan.,Following your review of the medical information and your physical examination, please answer the following questions as these pertain to the allowed conditions. Please express your opinion based upon a reasonable degree of medical probability.,QUESTION: ,Mr. XXXXXX has filed an application for the additional allowance of left knee tear of the medial meniscus and left knee ACL tear.,Based on the current objective findings, mechanism of injury, or and medical records or diagnosis studies, does the medical evidence support the existence of any of the requested conditions.,ANSWER: ,The MRI sustains and verifies that these conditions do indeed exist subsequent to the injury of July 18, 2007.,QUESTION: ,If you find any of these conditions exist, are they a direct and proximate result of the July 18, 2007, injury.,ANSWER: ,There is mention of degeneration as related to the knee prior to this episode. This is not surprising considering the individual's weight. There is no question degeneration as related to anterior cruciate ligament and the meniscus has been occurring for a lengthy period of time. There has been an aggravation of this condition. Without having a MRI to review prior to this injury, I believe, it would be safe to assume that there has been aggravation of a pre-existing condition as related to the left knee and __________ meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament pathology. Thus there is definitely evidence of an aggravation of a pre-existing condition but not necessarily a direct and proximate result of the July 18, 2007, injury.,QUESTION: | null |
3,094 | Right shoulder impingement syndrome, right suprascapular neuropathy. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Impairment Rating | CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Right shoulder pain.,HISTORY: , The patient is a pleasant, 31-year-old, right-handed, white female who injured her shoulder while transferring a patient back on 01/01/02. She formerly worked for Veteran's Home as a CNA. She has had a long drawn out course of treatment for this shoulder. She tried physical therapy without benefit and ultimately came to a subacromion decompression in November 2002. She had ongoing pain and was evaluated by Dr. X who felt that she had a possible brachial plexopathy. He also felt she had a right superficial radial neuritis and blocked this with resolution of her symptoms. He then referred her to ABCD who did EMG testing, demonstrating a right suprascapular neuropathy although a C5 radiculopathy could not be ruled out. MRI testing on the cervical spine was then done which was negative for disk herniation and she underwent suprascapular nerve decompression of the scapular notch on 12/18/03. She finally went to an anterior axillary nerve block because of ongoing pain in the anterior shoulder again by Dr. X. She comes to me for impairment rating. She has no chronic health problems otherwise, fevers, chills, or general malaise. She is not working. She is right-hand dominant. She denies any prior history of injury to her shoulder.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Negative aside from above.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Noncontributory.,SOCIAL HISTORY: ,Please see above.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Negative aside from above.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,A pleasant, age appropriate woman, moderately overweight, in no apparent distress. Normal gait and station, normal posture, normal strength, tone, sensation and deep tendon reflexes with the exception of 4+/5 strength in the supraspinatus musculature on the right. She has decreased motion in the right shoulder as follows. She has 160 degrees of flexion, 155 degrees of abduction, 35 degrees of extension, 25 degrees of adduction, 45 degrees of internal rotation and 90 degrees of external rotation. She has a positive impingement sign on the right.,ASSESSMENT:, Right shoulder impingement syndrome, right suprascapular neuropathy.,DISCUSSION: , With a reasonable degree of medical certainty, she is at maximum medical improvement and she does have an impairment based on AMA Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition. The reason for this impairment is the incident of 01/01/02. For her suprascapular neuropathy, she is rated as a grade IV motor deficit which I rate as a 13% motor deficit. This is multiplied by a maximum upper extremity impairment for involvement of the suprascapular nerve of 16% which produces a 2% impairment of the upper extremity when the two values are multiplied together, 2% impairment of the upper extremity. For her lack of motion in the shoulder she also has additional impairment on the right. She has a 1% impairment of the upper extremity due to lack of shoulder flexion. She has a 1% impairment of the upper extremity due to lack of shoulder abduction. She has a 1% impairment of the upper extremity due to lack of shoulder adduction. She has a 1% impairment of the upper extremity due to lack of shoulder extension. There is no impairment for findings in shoulder external rotation. She has a 3% impairment of the upper extremity due to lack of shoulder internal rotation. Thus the impairment due to lack of motion in her shoulder is a 6% impairment of the upper extremity. This combines with the 2% impairment of the upper extremity due to weakness in the suprascapular nerve root distribution to produce an 8% impairment of the upper extremity which in turn is a 5% impairment of the whole person based on the AMA Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, stated with a reasonable degree of medical certainty. | ime-qme-work comp etc., ama guide, evaluation of permanent impairment, impairment rating, permanent impairment, suprascapular nerve, suprascapular neuropathy, injured, extremity, shoulder, impairment, neuropathy, suprascapular, |
3,095 | Occupational medicine consult with questions-answers and records review. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Occupational Medicine Consult - 2 | ALLOWED CONDITIONS:, 726.31 right medial epicondylitis; 354.0 right carpal tunnel syndrome.,CONTESTED CONDITIONS:, 354.2 right cubital tunnel syndrome.,EMPLOYER:, ABCD, ,I examined Xxxxx today for the allowed conditions and also the contested conditions listed above. I obtained her history from company medical records and performed an examination. She is a 38-year-old laborer who states that she was injured on April 26, 2006, which according to the FROI (the injury occurred over a period of time from performing normal job processes such as putting bumpers on cars, gas caps and doors on cars). She denies having any symptoms prior to the accident April 26, 2006. She is right handed. She used a tennis elbow brace, hand exercises, physical therapy, and Vicodin. She received treatment from Dr. X and also Dr. Y,DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES:, June 27, 2006, EMG and nerve conduction velocity right upper extremity showed a moderate right carpal tunnel syndrome. No evidence of a right cervical radiculopathy or ulnar neuropathy at the wrist or elbow. January 29, 2007, EMG right upper extremity was normal and there was a normal nerve conduction velocity. At the time of the examination, she complained of a constant pain in the olecranon and distal triceps with tingling in the right long, ring and small fingers, and night pain. The pain was accentuated by gripping or opening the jar. She is taking four Aleve a day and currently does not have any other treatment.,RECORDS REVIEWED: , Injury and illness incident report, US Healthworks records; Z physician review; Y office notes; X office notes who noted that on examination of the right elbow that the ulnar nerve subluxed with flexion and extension of the elbow.,EXAMINATION: , Examination of her right elbow revealed no measurable atrophy of the upper arm. She was markedly tender over the medial epicondyle, but also the olecranon and distal process and she was exquisitely tender over the ulnar nerve. I did not detect subluxation of the ulnar nerve with flexion and extension. With this, she was extremely tender in this area. There is no instability of the elbow. Range of motion was 0 to 145 degrees, flexion 90 degrees of pronation and supination. The elbow flexion test was positive. There is normal motor power in the elbow and also on the right hand, specifically in the ulnar intrinsics. There was diminished sensation on the right ring and small fingers, specifically the ulnar side of the ring finger of the entire small finger. There was no wasting of the intrinsics. No clawing of the hand. Examination of the right wrist revealed extension 45 degrees, flexion 45 degrees, radial deviation 15 degrees, and ulnar deviation 35 degrees. She was tender over the dorsum of the hand over the ulnar head and the volar aspect of the wrist. Wrist flexion causes paresthesias on the right ring and small fingers. Grasp was weak. There was no sign of causalgia, but no measurable atrophy of the forearm. No reflex changes.,QUESTION:, Ms. Xxxxx has filed an application of additional allowance of right cubital tunnel syndrome. Based on the current objective findings, mechanism of injury, medical records or diagnostic studies, does the medical evidence support the existence of the requested condition?,ANSWER:, Yes. She has a positive elbow flexion test and she is markedly tender over the ulnar nerve at the elbow and also has diminished sensation in the ulnar nerve distribution, specifically in the entire right small finger and the ulnar half of the ring finger. I did not find the subluxation of the ulnar nerve with flexion and extension with Dr. X did previously find on his examination.,QUESTION: , If you find these conditions exist, are they a direct and proximate result of April 26, 2006, injury?,ANSWER: , Yes. Repeated flexion and extension would irritate the ulnar nerve particularly if it was subluxing which it could very well have which Dr. X objectively identified on his examination. Therefore, I believe it is a direct and proximate result of April 26, 2006, injury.,QUESTION: , Do you find that Ms. Xxxxx's injury or disability is caused by natural deterioration of tissue, organ or part of the body?,ANSWER: , No.,QUESTION:, In addition, if you find that the condition exists, are there non-occupational activities or intervening injuries that could have contributed to Ms. Xxxxx's condition?,ANSWER: , It is possible that direct injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow could cause this syndrome; however, there is no history of this and the records do not indicate an injury of this type.,QUESTION: , | null |
3,096 | Occupational medicine consult with questions-answers. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Occupational Medicine Consult - 1 | ALLOWED CONDITIONS:, Left knee strain, meniscus tear left knee.,CONTESTED CONDITION:, Osteoarthritis of the left knee.,EMPLOYER:, ABCD.,I examined Xxxxx today September 14, 2007, for the above allowed conditions and also the contested condition of osteoarthritis of his left knee. He is a 57-year-old assembly worker who was injured on June 13, 2007, which according to his FROI was due to "repairing cars, down on knees to work on concrete floors." In addition, he slipped on an air hose on the floor at work on March 7, 2007, re-injuring his left knee. He developed pain and swelling in his left knee. He denies having any difficulties with his left knee prior to the injury of June 13, 2002.,DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES: , August 2, 2002, MRI of the left knee showed low-grade chondromalacia of the left patellofemoral joint space and a posterior horn tear of the medial meniscus, likely degenerative in nature, and also grade II to III chondromalacia of the medial joint space. On June 26, 2007, MRI of his left knee was referred to in the injury management report of June 19, 2007, as showing osteoarthritis of the medial compartment has advanced. He brought with him copies of x-rays taken July 16, 2007, of his left knee, which I reviewed and which showed marked narrowing of the medial compartment of his left knee with spurs on the margins of the joint medially and also spurs on the patella. There was subluxation of the tibia on the femur with standing.,After his injury, he received treatment from Dr. X for patellofemoral syndrome with knee sleeve. He also received treatment from Dr. Y also for left knee sprain and patellar pain. He also did exercise, does use a knee sleeve and Aleve. On December 5, 2002, he underwent arthroscopy of the left knee by Dr. Z who did a partial resection of a torn medial meniscus. He also noticed grade III chondromalacia of the patella as well as the torn medial meniscus. He states that he was asymptomatic until he slipped on an air hose while at work on March 7, 2007, and again developed pain and swelling in his left knee. Standing aggravates his pain. He has had one injection of cortisone by Dr. Z about a month ago, which has helped his pain. He takes one hydrocodone 7.5/750 mg daily.,Examination of his left knee revealed there was bilateral varus deformity, healed arthroscopy incisional scars, there was a 1/2 atrophy of the left calf. There was patellar crepitus with knee motion. There was no motor weakness or reflex changes. He walked without a limp and could stand on his heels and toes equally well. There was no instability of the knee and no effusion. Range of motion was 0 to 120 degrees.,QUESTION: , Xxxxx has recently filed to reactivate this claim. Please give me your opinion as to whether Xxxxx's current clinical presentation is related to the industrial injury stated above.,ANSWER:, Yes. His original MRI of August 2, 2002, did show low-grade chondromalacia of the patellofemoral joint and also grade II to III chondromalacia of the medial joint space, which was the beginning of osteoarthritis. Also, it is well known that torn medial meniscus can result in osteoarthritis of the knee; therefore, the osteoarthritis is related to his original injury of June 13, 2007, specifically to the torn medial meniscus.,QUESTION: ,Do I believe that claim #123 should be reactivated to allow for treatment of the allowed conditions as stated?,ANSWER:, Yes, I believe it should be reactivated to allow treatment of the contested condition of osteoarthritis of his left knee.,QUESTION:, Xxxxx has filed an application for additional allowance of osteoarthritis of the left knee. Based on the current objective findings, mechanism of injury, medical records, and diagnostic studies, does the medical evidence support the existence of the requested condition?,ANSWER: ,Yes. Please see the discussion in the answer to question no one. In addition, x-rays of July 16, 2007, do reveal medial compartment and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis of the left knee.,QUESTION: , If you find this condition exists, is it a direct and proximate result of the June 13, 2002, injury?,ANSWER:, Yes. See discussion in answer to question number one.,QUESTION: , Do you find that Xxxxx's injury or disability was caused by the natural deterioration of tissue, an organ or part of body?,ANSWER: ,No. I believe the osteoarthritis was the result of the torn medial meniscus as discussed under question number one.,QUESTION: , In addition, if you find the condition exists, are there non-occupational activities or intervening injuries, which could have contributed to Xxxxx's condition?,ANSWER:, No. He does not give any history of any intervening injuries.,If you opine the requested condition should be additionally recognized, please include the condition as an allowed condition in the discussion of the following questions.,QUESTION:, Based on the objective findings is the request for 10 sessions of physical therapy per C-9 dated July 27, 2007, medically necessary and appropriate for the allowed conditions of the claim of osteoarthritis of left knee?,ANSWER:, Yes., | null |
3,097 | Work restrictions and disability evaluation | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Permanent & Stationary Report | PRESENT COMPLAINTS: , The patient is reporting ongoing, chronic right-sided back pain, pain that radiates down her right leg intermittently. She is having difficulty with bending and stooping maneuvers. She cannot lift heavy objects. She states she continues to have pain in her right neck and pain in her right upper extremity. She has difficulty with pushing and pulling and lifting with her right arm. She describes an intermittent tingling sensation in the volar aspect of her right hand. She states she has diminished grip strength in her right hand because of wrist pain complaints. She states that the Wellbutrin samples I had given her previously for depression seem to be helping. Her affect appears appropriate. She reports no suicidal ideation. She states she continues to use Naprosyn as an anti-inflammatory, Biofreeze ointment over her neck and shoulder and back areas of complaints. She also takes Imitrex occasionally for headache complaints related to her neck pain. She also takes Flexeril occasionally for back spasms and Darvocet for pain. She is asking for a refill on some of her medications today. She is relating a VAS pain score regarding her lower back at a 6-7/10 and regarding her neck about 3/10, and regarding her right upper extremity about a 4/10., ,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , She is afebrile. Blood pressure is 106/68, pulse of 64, respirations of 20. Her physical exam is unchanged from 03/21/05. Her orthopedic exam reveals full range of motion of the cervical spine. Cervical compression test is negative. Valsalva's maneuver is negative. Hoffmann's sign is negative. DTRs are +1 at the biceps, brachioradialis and trapezius bilaterally. Her sensation is grossly intact to the upper extremity dermatomes. Motor strength appears 5/5 strength in the upper extremity muscle groups tested.,Phalen's and Tinel's signs are negative at both wrists. Passive range of motion of the right wrist is painful for her. Passive range of motion of the left wrist is non painful. Active range of motion of both wrists and hands are full. She is right hand dominant. Circumferential measurements were taken in her upper extremities. She is 11" in the right biceps, 10 1/2" in the left biceps. She is 9 3/4" in both right and left forearms. Circumferential measurements were also taken of the lower extremities. She is 21" at both the right and left thighs, 15" in both the right and left calves. Jamar dynamometry was assessed on three tries in this right-hand-dominant individual. She is 42/40/40 pounds on the right hand with good effort, and on the left is 60/62/60 pounds, suggesting a loss of at least 20% to 25% pre-injury grip strength in the right dominant hand. , ,Examination of her lumbar trunk reveals decreased range of motion, flexion allowing her fingertips about 12" from touching the floor. Lumbar extension is to 30 degrees. The right SLR is limited to about 80 degrees, provoking back pain, with a positive Bragard's maneuver, causing pain to radiate to the back of the thigh. The left SLR is to 90 degrees without back pain. DTRs are +1 at the knees and ankles. Toes are downgoing to plantar reflexes bilaterally. Sensation is grossly intact in the lower extremity dermatomes. Motor strength appears 5/5 strength in the lower extremity muscle groups tested., ,IMPRESSION: , (1) Sprain/strain injury to the lumbosacral spine with lumbar disc herniation at L5-S1, with radicular symptoms in the right leg. (2) Cervical sprain/strain with myofascial dysfunction. (3) Thoracic sprain/strain with myofascial dysfunction. (4) Probable chronic tendonitis of the right wrist. She has negative nerve conduction studies of the right upper extremity. (5) Intermittent headaches, possibly migraine component, possibly cervical tension cephalalgia-type headaches or cervicogenic headaches., ,TREATMENT / PROCEDURE: , I reviewed some neck and back exercises. , ,RX:, I dispensed Naprosyn 500 mg b.i.d. as an anti-inflammatory. I refilled Darvocet N-100, one tablet q.4-6 hours prn pain, #60 tablets, and Flexeril 10 mg t.i.d. prn spasms, #90 tablets, and dispensed some Wellbutrin XL tablets, 150-mg XL tablet q.a.m., #30 tablets., ,PLAN / RECOMMENDATIONS:, I told the patient to continue her medication course per above. It seems to be helping with some of her pain complaints. I told her I will pursue trying to get a lumbar epidural steroid injection authorized for her back and right leg symptoms. I told her in my opinion I would declare her Permanent and Stationary as of today, on 04/18/05 with regards to her industrial injuries of 05/16/03 and 02/10/04. , ,I understand her industrial injury of 05/16/03 is related to an injury at Home Depot where she worked as a credit manager. She had a stack of screen doors fall, hitting her on the head, weighing about 60 pounds, knocking her to the ground. She had onset of headaches and neck pain, and pain complaints about her right upper extremity. She also has a second injury, dated 02/10/04, when apparently a co-worker was goofing around and apparently kicked her in the back accidentally, causing severe onset of back pain. , ,FACTORS FOR DISABILITY:,OBJECTIVE: ,1. She exhibits decreased range of motion in the lumbar trunk.,2. She has an abnormal MRI revealing a disc herniation at L5-S1.,3. She exhibits diminished grip strength in the right arm and upper extremity., ,SUBJECTIVE: ,1. Based on her headache complaints alone, would be considered occasional and minimal to slight at best. ,2. With regards to her neck pain complaints, these would be considered occasional and slight at best. ,3. Regarding her lower back pain complaints, would be considered frequent and slight at rest, with an increase to a moderate level of pain with repetitive bending and stooping and heavy lifting, and prolonged standing. ,4. Regarding her right upper extremity and wrist pain complaints, these would be considered occasional and slight at rest, but increasing to slight to moderate with repetitive gripping, grasping, and torquing maneuvers of her right upper extremity. ,LOSS OF PRE-INJURY CAPACITY: , The patient advises that prior to her industrial dates of injury she was capable of repetitively bending and stooping and lifting at least 60 pounds. She states she now has difficulty lifting more than 10 or 15 pounds without exacerbating back pain. She has trouble trying to repetitively push or pull, torque, twist and lift with the right upper extremity, due to wrist pain, which she did not have prior to her industrial injury dates. She also relates headaches, which she did not have prior to her industrial injury. , ,WORK RESTRICTIONS AND DISABILITY: , I would find it reasonable to place some permanent restrictions on this patient. It is my opinion she has a disability precluding heavy work, which contemplates the individual has lost approximately half of her pre-injury capacity for performing such activities as bending, stooping, lifting, pushing, pulling and climbing or other activities involving comparable physical effort. The patient should probably no lift more than 15 to 20 pounds maximally. She should probably not repetitively bend or stoop. She should avoid repetitive pushing, pulling or torquing maneuvers, as well as gripping and grasping maneuvers of the right hand. She should probably not lift more than 10 pounds repetitively with the right upper extremity. I suspect that prior to her industrial she could lift repetitively and push, pull, torque and twist at least 20 to 25 pounds with the right upper extremity. , ,CAUSATION AND APPORTIONMENT:, With regards to issues of causation, they appear appropriate to her industrial injuries and histories given per the 05/16/03 and the 02/10/04 injuries., ,With regards issues of apportionment, it is my opinion that 100% of her pain complaints are industrially related to her industrial injuries of 05/16/03 and 02/10/04. There does not appear to be any apportionable issues here. | null |
3,098 | Patient presented with significant muscle tremor, constant headaches, excessive nervousness, poor concentration, and poor ability to focus. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | Major Depressive Disorder - IME Consult | IDENTIFYING DATA: ,Mr. T is a 45-year-old white male.,CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Mr. T presented with significant muscle tremor, constant headaches, excessive nervousness, poor concentration, and poor ability to focus. His confidence and self-esteem are significantly low. He stated he has excessive somnolence, his energy level is extremely low, motivation is low, and he has a lack for personal interests. He has had suicidal ideation, but this is currently in remission. Furthermore, he continues to have hopeless thoughts and crying spells. Mr. T stated these symptoms appeared approximately two months ago.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , On March 25, 2003, Mr. T was fired from his job secondary, to an event at which he stated he was first being harassed by another employee." This other, employee had confronted Mr. T with a very aggressive, verbal style, where this employee had placed his face directly in front of Mr. T was spitting on him, and called him "bitch." Mr. T then retaliated, and went to hit the other employee. Due to this event, Mr. T was fired. It should be noted that Mr. T stated he had been harassed by this individual for over a year and had reported the harassment to his boss and was told to "deal with it.",There are no other apparent stressors in Mr. T's life at this time or in recent months. Mr. T stated that work was his entire life and he based his entire identity on his work ethic. It should be noted that Mr. T was a process engineer for Plum Industries for the past 14 years.,PAST PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY:, There is no evidence of any psychiatric hospitalizations or psychiatric interventions other than a recent visit to Mr. T's family physician, Dr. B at which point Mr. T was placed on Lexapro with an unknown dose at this time. Mr. T is currently seeing Dr. J for psychotherapy where he has been in treatment since April, 2003.,PAST PSYCHIATRIC REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Mr. T denied any history throughout his childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood for depressive, anxiety, or psychotic disorders. He denied any suicide attempts, or profound suicidal or homicidal ideation. Mr. T furthermore stated that his family psychiatric history is unremarkable.,SUBSTANCE ABUSE HISTORY:, Mr. T stated he used alcohol following his divorce in 1993, but has not used it for the last two years. No other substance abuse was noted.,LEGAL HISTORY: , Currently, charges are pending over the above described incident.,MEDICAL HISTORY: , Mr. T denied any hospitalizations, surgeries, or current medications use for any heart disease, lung disease, liver disease, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disease, neurological disease, closed head injury, endocrine disease, infectious, blood or muscles disease other than stating he has a hiatal hernia and hypercholesterolemia.,PERSONAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY: , Mr. T was born in Dwyne, Missouri, with no complications associated with his birth. Originally, he was raised by both parents, but they separated at an early age. When he was about seven years old, he was raised by his mother and stepfather. He did not sustain a relationship with his biological father from that time on. He stated his parents moved a lot, and because this many times he was picked on in his new environments, Mr. T stated he was, at times, a rebellious teenager, but he denied any significant inability to socialize, and denied any learning disabilities or the need for special education.,Mr. T stated his stepfather was somewhat verbally abusive, and that he committed suicide when Mr. T was 18 years old. He graduated from high school and began work at Dana Corporation for two to three years, after which he worked as an energy, auditor for a gas company. He then became a homemaker while his wife worked for Chrysler for approximately two years. Mr. T was married for eleven years, and divorced in 1993. He has a son who is currently 20 years old. After being a home maker, Mr. T worked for his mother in a restaurant, and moved on from there to work for Borg-Warner corporation for one to two years before beginning at Plum Industries, where he worked for 14 years and worked his way up to lead engineer.,Mental Status Exam: Mr. T presented with a hyper vigilant appearance, his eye contact was appropriate to the interview, and his motor behavior was tense. At times he showed some involuntary movements that would be more akin to a resting tremor. There was no psychomotor retardation, but there was some mild psychomotor excitement. His speech was clear, concise, but pressured. His attitude was overly negative and his mood was significant for moderate depression, anxiety, anhedonia and loneliness, and mild evidence of anger. There was no evidence of euphoria or diurnal mood variation. His affective expression was restricted range, but there was no evidence of lability. At times, his affective tone and facial expressions were inappropriate to the interview. There was no evidence of auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile or visceral hallucinations. There was no evidence of illusions, depersonalizations, or derealizations. Mr. T presented with a sequential and goal directed stream of thought. There was no evidence of incoherence, irrelevance, evasiveness, circumstantiality, loose associations, or concrete thinking. There was no evidence of delusions; however, there was some ambivalence, guilt, and self-derogatory thoughts. There was evidence of concreteness for similarities and proverbs. His intelligence was average. His concentration was mildly impaired, and there was no evidence of distractibility. He was oriented to time, place, person and situation. There was no evidence of clouded consciousness or dissociation. His memory was intact for immediate, recent, and remote events.,He presented with poor appetite, easily fatigued, and decreased libidinal drive, as well as excessive somnolence. There was a moderate preoccupation with his physical health pertaining to his headaches. His judgment was poor for finances, family relations, social relations, employment, and, at this time, he had no future plans. Mr. T's insight is somewhat moderate as he is aware of his contribution to the problem. His motivation for getting well is good as he accepts offered treatment, complies with recommended treatment, and seeks effective treatments. He has a well-developed empathy for others and capacity for affection.,There was no evidence of entitlement, egocentricity, controllingness, intimidation, or manipulation. His credibility seemed good. There was no evidence for potential self-injury, suicide, or violence. The reliability and completeness of information was very good, and there were no barriers to communication. The information gathered was based on the patient's self-report and objective testing and observation. His attitude toward the examiner was neutral and his attitude toward the examination process was neutral. There was no evidence for indices of malingering as there was no marked discrepancy between claimed impairment and objective findings, and there was no lack of cooperation with the evaluation or poor compliance with treatment, and no evidence of antisocial personality disorder.,IMPRESSIONS: , Major Depressive Disorder, single episode,RECOMMENDATIONS AND PLAN: , I recommend Mr. T continue with psychopharmacologic care as well as psychotherapy. At this time, the excessive amount of psychiatric symptoms would impede Mr. T from seeking employment. Furthermore, it appears that the primary precipitating event had occurred on March 25, 2003, when Mr. T was fired from his job after being harassed for over a year. As Mr. T placed his entire identity and sense of survival on his work, this was a deafening blow to his psychological functioning. Furthermore, it only appears logical that this would precipitate a major depressive episode. | ime-qme-work comp etc., muscle tremor, headaches, excessive nervousness, poor concentration, independent medical evaluation, psychopharmacologic, poor ability to focus, major depressive disorder, tremor, depressive, psychiatric, |
3,099 | A male presents complaining of some right periscapular discomfort, some occasional neck stiffness, and some intermittent discomfort in his low back relative to an industrial fall. | IME-QME-Work Comp etc. | IME & Record Review - Orthopedic | INTRODUCTION: , The opinions expressed in this report are those of the physician. The opinions do not reflect the opinions of Evergreen Medical Panel, Inc. The claimant was informed that this examination was at the request of the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries (L&I). The claimant was also informed that a written report would be sent to L&I, as requested in the assignment letter from the claims manager. The claimant was also informed that the examination was for evaluative purposes only, intended to address specific injuries or conditions as outlined by L&I, and was not intended as a general medical examination.,CHIEF COMPLAINTS: , This 51-year-old married male presents complaining of some right periscapular discomfort, some occasional neck stiffness, and some intermittent discomfort in his low back relative to an industrial fall that occurred on November 20, 2008.,HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL INJURY:, This patient was injured on November 20, 2008. He works at the Purdy Correctional Facility and an inmate had broken some overhead sprinklers, the floor was thus covered with water and the patient slipped landing on the back of his head, then on his back. The patient said he primarily landed on the left side. After the accident he states that he was generally stun and someone at the institute advised him to be evaluated. He went to a Gig Harbor urgent care facility and they sent him on to Tacoma General Hospital. At the Tacoma General, he indicates that a whiplash and a concussion were diagnosed and it was advised that he have a CT scan. The patient describes that he had a brain CT and a dark spot was found. It was recommended that he have a followup MRI and this was done locally and showed a recurrent acoustic neuroma. Before, when the patient initially had developed an acoustic neuroma, the chiropractor had seen the patient and suggested that he have a scan and this was how his original acoustic neuroma was diagnosed back in October 2005. The patient has been receiving adjustments by the chiropractor since and he also has had a few massage treatments. Overall his spine complaints have improved substantially.,After the fall, he also saw at Prompt Care in the general Bremerton area, XYZ, an Osteopathic Physician and she examined him and released him full duty and also got an orthopedic consult from XYZ. She ordered an MRI of his neck. Cervically this showed that he had a mild disc bulge at C4-C5, but this actually was the same test that diagnosed a recurrent acoustic neuroma and the patient now is just recovering from neurosurgical treatment for this recurrent acoustic neuroma and some radiation is planned.,Since 2002 the patient has been seeing the chiropractor, XYZ for general aches and pain and this has included some treatments on his back and neck.,CURRENT SYMPTOMS: ,The patient describes his current pain as being intermittent.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,Illnesses: The patient had a diagnosis in 2005 of an acoustic neuroma. It was benign, but treated neurosurgically. In February 2004 and again in August 2009 he has had additional treatments for recurrence and he currently has some skull markers in place because radiation is planned as a followup, although the tumor was still indicated to be benign.,Operations: He has a history of an old mastoidectomy. He has a past history of removal of an acoustic neuroma in 2005 as noted.,Medications: The patient takes occasional Tylenol and occasional Aleve.,Substance Use:,Tobacco: He does not smoke cigarettes.,Alcohol: He drinks about five beers a week.,FAMILY HISTORY:, His father died of mesothelioma and his mother died of Lou Gehrig's disease.,SOCIOECONOMIC HISTORY:,Marital Status and Dependents: The patient has been married three times; longest marriage is of two years duration. He has two children. These dependents are ages 15 and twins and are his wife's dependents.,Education: The patient has bachelor's degree.,Military History: He served six years in the army and received an honorable discharge.,Work History: He has worked at Purdy Correctional Institute in Gig Harbor for 19 years.,CHART REVIEW: , Review of the chart indicates a date of injury of November 20, 2008. He was seen at Tacoma General Hospital with a diagnosis of head contusion and cervical strain. He had a CT of his head done because of a fall with possible loss of consciousness, which showed a left cerebellar hypodensity and further evaluation was recommended. He has a history of an old mastoidectomy. He was then seen on November 24, 2008 by XYZ at Prompt Care on November 24, 2008. There is no clearcut history that he had lost consciousness. He has a past history of removal of an acoustic neuroma in 2005 as noted. A diagnosis of concussion and cervical strain status post fall was made along with an underlying history of abnormal CT and previous resection of an acoustic neuroma. Some symptoms of loss of balance and confusion were noted. She recommended additional testing and neurologic evaluation.,The notes from the treating chiropractor begin on November 24, 2008. Adjustments are given to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine.,He was seen back by XYZ on December 9, 2008 and he had been released to full duties. It was recognized the new MRI suggested recurrence of the acoustic neuroma and he was advised to seek further care in this regard. There were some concerns of his feeling of being wobbly since the fall which might be related to the recurrent neuroma. He continued to have chiropractic adjustments. He was seen back at Prompt Care on January 8, 2009. Dr. X indicated that she thought most of his symptoms were related to the tumor, but that the cervical and thoracic stiffness were from the fall.,A followup note by his chiropractor on January 26, 2009 indicates that cervical x-rays have been taken and that continued chiropractic adjustments along with manual traction would be carried out.,On April 13, 2009, he was seen again at Prompt Care for his cervical and thoracic strain. He was indicated to be improving and there was suggestion that he has some physical therapy and an orthopedic consult was felt appropriate. Therapy was not carried out and obviously was then involved with the treatment of his recurrent neuroma.,On April 17, 2009, he was seen by Dr. X, another chiropractor for consultation and further chiropractic treatments were recommended based on cervical and thoracolumbar subluxation complexes and strain.,A repeat consult was carried out on April 29, 2009 by XYZ. He felt that this was hyperextension cervical injury. It might take a period of time to recover. He mentioned that the patient might have a slight ulnar neuropathy. He felt the patient was capable of full duty and the patient was at that time having ongoing treatment for his neuroma.,This concludes the chart review.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , The patient is 6 feet in height, weighs 255 pounds.,Orthopedic Examination: He can walk with a normal gait, but he has, as indicated, a positive Romberg test and he himself has noticed that if he closes his eyes he loses his balance. Overall the patient is a seemingly good historian. There is a visible 3 cm scar at the left base of the neck near the hairline and there are multiple areas where his head has been shaved both anteriorly and posteriorly. These are secondary to drawing for the skull markers. There is a scar behind the patient's left ear from the original treatment of the acoustic neuroma. This was well healed. The patient can perform a toe-heel gait without difficulty. One visibly can see that he has some facial asymmetry and he indicates that the acoustic neuroma has caused some numbness in the left side of his face and also some asymmetry that is now recovering. The patient states he now thinks his recovery is going to get disregarded and that the facial asymmetry and numbness developed from the first surgery he had. The patient has a full range of motion in both of his shoulders. The patient has a full range of motion in his lumbar spine to include 90 degrees of forward bend, lateral bending of 30 degrees in either direction and extension of 10 degrees. There is full range of motion in the patient's cervical spine to include flexion of 50 degrees at which time he can touch his chin on his chest. He extends 40 degrees, laterally bends 30 degrees, and rotates to 80 degrees in either direction. There is slight tenderness on palpating over the right cervical musculature. There is no evidence of any cervical or lumbar muscle spasms. Reflexes in the upper extremities include 1+ biceps and triceps and 1+ brachioradialis. Knee jerks are 2+ and ankle jerks are 1+. Tinel's test was tested at the elbow, it is negative bilaterally with percussion; however, he has slight tingling bilaterally. The patient's grip tested with a Jamar dynamometer increases from 70 to 80 pounds bilaterally. Sensory testing of lower extremities reveal that the patient has slightly decreased sensation to sharp stimulus in his dorsal aspect of the right first toe and a lesser extent to the left. Testing of muscle strength in the upper and lower extremities is normal. The patient upper arms measured four fingerbreadths above the flexion crease of the elbow measure 35 cm bilaterally. The forearms measured four fingerbreadths below the flexion crease of the elbow measure 30 cm bilaterally. The thighs measured four fingerbreadths above the superior pole of the patella measure 48 cm and the lower legs measured four fingerbreadths below the tibial tubercles measure 41 cm. Pressure on the vertex of the head does not bother the patient. Axial loading is negative. As already indicated straight leg raising is entirely negative both sitting and lying for any radiculitis.,DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES: , X-rays the patient brings with him taken by his treating chiropractor dated 11/24/08 showed that there appears to be a little bit of narrowing of the L4-5 disc space. The hip joints are normal. Views of his thoracic spine are normal. Cervical x-rays are in the file. These are of intermittent quality, but the views do show a very slight degree of anterior spurring at the C4-5 with possible slight narrowing of the disc. There is a view of the right shoulder that is unremarkable.,CONCLUSIONS:, The accepted condition under the claim is a sprain of the neck, thoracic, and lumbar.,DIAGNOSES: , Diagnosis based on today's examination is a sprain of the cervical spine and lumbar spine superimposed upon some early degenerative changes.,Additional diagnosis is one of recurrent acoustic neuroma, presumably benign with upcoming additional treatment of radiation plan. The patient also has a significant degree overweight for his height and it will be improved as he himself recognizes by some weight loss and exercise.,DISCUSSION: , He is fixed and stable at this time and his industrial case can be closed relative to his industrial injury of November 20, 2008. Further chiropractic treatments would be entirely palliative and serve no additional medical purpose due to the fact that he has very minimal symptoms and a basis for these symptoms based on mild or early degenerative changes in both cervical and lumbar spine. He is category I relative to the cervical spine under 296-20-240 and category I to the lumbosacral spine under WAC 296-20-270. His industrial case should be closed and there is, as indicated, no basis for any disability award. | null |
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