Hessa/val_dataset_tqa · Datasets at Hugging Face

questionID stringlengths 9 10	question_text stringlengths 3 313	question_image stringclasses 590 values	answer_choices stringlengths 17 407	correct_answer stringclasses 7 values	result_id stringlengths 6 21	result_type stringclasses 2 values	result_imagePath stringlengths 28 76 ⌀	content stringlengths 10 1.85k	cosin_sim_score float64 0.17 1
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001460	image	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	earth_parts_4017.png	1
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001384	image	abc_question_images/earth_parts_14017.png	earth_parts_14017.png	1
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001416	image	abc_question_images/earth_parts_16025.png	earth_parts_16025.png	0.842275
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001552	image	question_images/earth_parts_544.png	earth_parts_544.png	0.840444
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001645	image	question_images/earth_parts_6025.png	earth_parts_6025.png	0.836075
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001356	image	abc_question_images/earth_parts_10544.png	earth_parts_10544.png	0.835401
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001663	image	question_images/earth_parts_640.png	earth_parts_640.png	0.827037
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001392	image	abc_question_images/earth_parts_14058.png	earth_parts_14058.png	0.814835
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001559	image	question_images/earth_parts_547.png	earth_parts_547.png	0.814231
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	DQ_001505	image	question_images/earth_parts_4058.png	earth_parts_4058.png	0.801246
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_0748	text	null	If someone told you to figure out what is inside Earth, what would you do? How could you figure out what is inside our planet? How do scientists figure it out?	0.684701
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_1593	text	null	Most of Earths water is stored in the oceans, where it can remain for hundreds or thousands of years.	0.675722
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_0147	text	null	Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?	0.674177
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_0669	text	null	Most water on Earth, like the water in the oceans, contains elements. The elements are mixed evenly through the water. Water plus other substances makes a solution. The particles are so small that they will not come out when you filter the water. But the elements in water can form solid mineral deposits.	0.662866
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_0572	text	null	Earth is the third planet out from the Sun, shown in Figure 25.14. Because it is our planet, we know a lot more about Earth than we do about any other planet. What are main features of Earth?	0.659401
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_1311	text	null	Without the atmosphere, Earth would look a lot more like the Moon. Atmospheric gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and oxygen (O2 ), are extremely important for living organisms. How does the atmosphere make life possible? How does life alter the atmosphere? The composition of Earths atmosphere.	0.653442
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_0157	text	null	When Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, it would not have been called the water planet. There were no oceans then. In fact, there was no liquid water at all. Early Earth was too hot for liquid water to exist. Earths early years were spent as molten rock and metal.	0.652786
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_1443	text	null	Water on Earth, such as the water in the oceans, contains chemical elements mixed into a solution. Various processes can cause these elements to combine to form solid mineral deposits.	0.652383
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_1190	text	null	Earth formed at the same time as the other planets. The history of Earth is part of the history of the Solar System.	0.65148
DQ_001465	What is the innermost part of the earth called?	question_images/earth_parts_4017.png	a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle	a	T_0293	text	null	Climate is the average weather of a place over many years. It includes average temperatures. It also includes average precipitation. The timing of precipitation is part of climate as well. What determines the climate of a place? Latitude is the main factor. A nearby ocean or mountain range can also play a role.	0.648742
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001466	image	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	earth_parts_4022.png	1
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001614	image	question_images/earth_parts_6019.png	earth_parts_6019.png	0.885814
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001624	image	question_images/earth_parts_6021.png	earth_parts_6021.png	0.857847
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_1113	image	textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png	FIGURE 1.1	0.838691
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001584	image	question_images/earth_parts_6014.png	earth_parts_6014.png	0.82322
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001529	image	question_images/earth_parts_4078.png	earth_parts_4078.png	0.819636
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001454	image	question_images/earth_parts_4010.png	earth_parts_4010.png	0.813764
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001658	image	question_images/earth_parts_6028.png	earth_parts_6028.png	0.810733
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0010	image	textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png	FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.	0.808312
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	DQ_001564	image	question_images/earth_parts_548.png	earth_parts_548.png	0.805498
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0078	text	null	When rock layers are in the same place, its easy to give them relative ages. But what if rock layers are far apart? What if they are on different continents? What evidence is used to match rock layers in different places?	0.687868
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0751	text	null	Crust, mantle, and core differ from each other in chemical composition. Its understandable that scientists know the most about the crust, and less about deeper layers (Figure 6.3). Earths crust is a thin, brittle outer shell. The crust is made of rock. This layer is thinner under the oceans and much thicker in mountain ranges.	0.647134
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0075	text	null	Sediments were deposited in ancient seas in horizontal, or flat, layers. If sedimentary rock layers are tilted, they must have moved after they were deposited.	0.645368
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0147	text	null	Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?	0.636556
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_1106	text	null	Despite these problems, there is a rich fossil record. How does an organism become fossilized?	0.635657
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0777	text	null	Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land.	0.633114
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_1698	text	null	How well soil forms and what type of soil forms depends on several different factors, which are described below.	0.626809
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0804	text	null	Where an earthquake takes place is described by its focus and epicenter.	0.624781
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0076	text	null	Rock layers may have another rock cutting across them, like the igneous rock in Figure 11.9. Which rock is older? To determine this, we use the law of cross-cutting relationships. The cut rock layers are older than the rock that cuts across them.	0.624052
DQ_001466	What is the deepest point of the layers?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers	c	T_0815	text	null	There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earths interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake.	0.623564
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001466	image	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	earth_parts_4022.png	1
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001614	image	question_images/earth_parts_6019.png	earth_parts_6019.png	0.885814
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001624	image	question_images/earth_parts_6021.png	earth_parts_6021.png	0.857847
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_1113	image	textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png	FIGURE 1.1	0.838691
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001584	image	question_images/earth_parts_6014.png	earth_parts_6014.png	0.82322
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001529	image	question_images/earth_parts_4078.png	earth_parts_4078.png	0.819636
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001454	image	question_images/earth_parts_4010.png	earth_parts_4010.png	0.813764
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001658	image	question_images/earth_parts_6028.png	earth_parts_6028.png	0.810733
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0010	image	textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png	FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.	0.808312
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	DQ_001564	image	question_images/earth_parts_548.png	earth_parts_548.png	0.805498
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0078	text	null	When rock layers are in the same place, its easy to give them relative ages. But what if rock layers are far apart? What if they are on different continents? What evidence is used to match rock layers in different places?	0.715436
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0751	text	null	Crust, mantle, and core differ from each other in chemical composition. Its understandable that scientists know the most about the crust, and less about deeper layers (Figure 6.3). Earths crust is a thin, brittle outer shell. The crust is made of rock. This layer is thinner under the oceans and much thicker in mountain ranges.	0.67313
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0777	text	null	Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land.	0.672504
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0147	text	null	Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?	0.665042
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0075	text	null	Sediments were deposited in ancient seas in horizontal, or flat, layers. If sedimentary rock layers are tilted, they must have moved after they were deposited.	0.660819
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0815	text	null	There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earths interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake.	0.65707
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0541	text	null	The three outer layers of the Sun are its atmosphere.	0.653812
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0081	text	null	Index fossils are commonly used to match rock layers in different places. You can see how this works in Figure	0.650611
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_0813	text	null	Seismic waves are the energy from earthquakes. Seismic waves move outward in all directions away from their source. Each type of seismic wave travels at different speeds in different materials. All seismic waves travel through rock, but not all travel through liquid or gas. Geologists study seismic waves to learn about earthquakes and the Earths interior.	0.65045
DQ_001467	How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7	d	T_1190	text	null	Earth formed at the same time as the other planets. The history of Earth is part of the history of the Solar System.	0.64734
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001466	image	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	earth_parts_4022.png	1
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001614	image	question_images/earth_parts_6019.png	earth_parts_6019.png	0.885814
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001624	image	question_images/earth_parts_6021.png	earth_parts_6021.png	0.857847
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_1113	image	textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png	FIGURE 1.1	0.838691
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001584	image	question_images/earth_parts_6014.png	earth_parts_6014.png	0.82322
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001529	image	question_images/earth_parts_4078.png	earth_parts_4078.png	0.819636
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001454	image	question_images/earth_parts_4010.png	earth_parts_4010.png	0.813764
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001658	image	question_images/earth_parts_6028.png	earth_parts_6028.png	0.810733
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_0010	image	textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png	FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.	0.808312
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	DQ_001564	image	question_images/earth_parts_548.png	earth_parts_548.png	0.805498
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_1106	text	null	Despite these problems, there is a rich fossil record. How does an organism become fossilized?	0.743635
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_0777	text	null	Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land.	0.725936
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_0780	text	null	A convergent plate boundary forms where two plates collide. That collision can happen between a continent and oceanic crust, between two oceanic plates, or between two continents. Oceanic crust is always destroyed in these collisions.	0.722885
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_0103	text	null	The earliest crust was probably basalt. It may have resembled the current seafloor. This crust formed before there were any oceans. More than 4 billion years ago, continental crust appeared. The first continents were very small compared with those today.	0.716774
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_0751	text	null	Crust, mantle, and core differ from each other in chemical composition. Its understandable that scientists know the most about the crust, and less about deeper layers (Figure 6.3). Earths crust is a thin, brittle outer shell. The crust is made of rock. This layer is thinner under the oceans and much thicker in mountain ranges.	0.707382
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_0811	text	null	Earthquakes also occur at divergent plate boundaries. At mid-ocean ridges, these earthquakes tend to be small and shallow focus because the plates are thin, young, and hot. Earthquakes in the oceans are usually far from land, so they have little effect on peoples lives. On land, where continents are rifting apart, earthquakes are larger and stronger.	0.701516
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_1156	text	null	The theory of plate tectonics is the most important theory in much of earth science. Plate tectonics explains why much geological activity happens where it does, why many natural resources are found where they are, and can be used to determine what was happening long ago in Earths history. The theory of plate tectonics will be explored in detail in later concepts.	0.695894
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_0311	text	null	Earths climate has changed many times through Earths history. Its been both hotter and colder than it is today.	0.692988
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_1096	text	null	Deadly earthquakes occur at transform plate boundaries. Transform faults have shallow focus earthquakes. Why do you think this is so?	0.69111
DQ_001468	What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge	c	T_1855	text	null	Volcanoes erupt because mantle rock melts. This is the first stage in creating a volcano. Remember from the chapter Materials of Earths Crust that mantle may melt if temperature rises, pressure lowers, or water is added. Be sure to think about how and why melting occurs in the settings where there is volcanism mentioned in the next few concepts.	0.685528
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001466	image	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	earth_parts_4022.png	1
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001614	image	question_images/earth_parts_6019.png	earth_parts_6019.png	0.885814
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001624	image	question_images/earth_parts_6021.png	earth_parts_6021.png	0.857847
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_1113	image	textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png	FIGURE 1.1	0.838691
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001584	image	question_images/earth_parts_6014.png	earth_parts_6014.png	0.82322
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001529	image	question_images/earth_parts_4078.png	earth_parts_4078.png	0.819636
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001454	image	question_images/earth_parts_4010.png	earth_parts_4010.png	0.813764
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001658	image	question_images/earth_parts_6028.png	earth_parts_6028.png	0.810733
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_0010	image	textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png	FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.	0.808312
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	DQ_001564	image	question_images/earth_parts_548.png	earth_parts_548.png	0.805498
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_0147	text	null	Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?	0.713267
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_1593	text	null	Most of Earths water is stored in the oceans, where it can remain for hundreds or thousands of years.	0.690022
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_1443	text	null	Water on Earth, such as the water in the oceans, contains chemical elements mixed into a solution. Various processes can cause these elements to combine to form solid mineral deposits.	0.689099
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_0025	text	null	Water that flows over Earths surface includes runoff, streams, and rivers. All these types of flowing water can cause erosion and deposition.	0.676939
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_0669	text	null	Most water on Earth, like the water in the oceans, contains elements. The elements are mixed evenly through the water. Water plus other substances makes a solution. The particles are so small that they will not come out when you filter the water. But the elements in water can form solid mineral deposits.	0.676421
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_4893	text	null	A given kind of matter has the same chemical makeup and the same chemical properties regardless of its state. Thats because state of matter is a physical property. As a result, when matter changes state, it doesnt become a different kind of substance. For example, water is still water whether it exists as ice, liquid water, or water vapor.	0.672015
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_3941	text	null	Why do different states of matter have different properties? Its because of differences in energy at the level of atoms and molecules, the tiny particles that make up matter.	0.67069
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_0024	text	null	Flowing water slows down when it reaches flatter land or flows into a body of still water. What do you think happens then? The water starts dropping the particles it was carrying. As the water slows, it drops the largest particles first. The smallest particles settle out last.	0.667516
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_0078	text	null	When rock layers are in the same place, its easy to give them relative ages. But what if rock layers are far apart? What if they are on different continents? What evidence is used to match rock layers in different places?	0.665681
DQ_001469	Which layer of the earth is liquid?	question_images/earth_parts_4022.png	a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust	a	T_1698	text	null	How well soil forms and what type of soil forms depends on several different factors, which are described below.	0.663616

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001460

image

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

earth_parts_4017.png

1

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001384

image

abc_question_images/earth_parts_14017.png

earth_parts_14017.png

1

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001416

image

abc_question_images/earth_parts_16025.png

earth_parts_16025.png

0.842275

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001552

image

question_images/earth_parts_544.png

earth_parts_544.png

0.840444

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001645

image

question_images/earth_parts_6025.png

earth_parts_6025.png

0.836075

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001356

image

abc_question_images/earth_parts_10544.png

earth_parts_10544.png

0.835401

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001663

image

question_images/earth_parts_640.png

earth_parts_640.png

0.827037

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001392

image

abc_question_images/earth_parts_14058.png

earth_parts_14058.png

0.814835

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001559

image

question_images/earth_parts_547.png

earth_parts_547.png

0.814231

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

DQ_001505

image

question_images/earth_parts_4058.png

earth_parts_4058.png

0.801246

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_0748

text

null

If someone told you to figure out what is inside Earth, what would you do? How could you figure out what is inside our planet? How do scientists figure it out?

0.684701

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_1593

text

null

Most of Earths water is stored in the oceans, where it can remain for hundreds or thousands of years.

0.675722

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_0147

text

null

Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?

0.674177

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_0669

text

null

Most water on Earth, like the water in the oceans, contains elements. The elements are mixed evenly through the water. Water plus other substances makes a solution. The particles are so small that they will not come out when you filter the water. But the elements in water can form solid mineral deposits.

0.662866

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_0572

text

null

Earth is the third planet out from the Sun, shown in Figure 25.14. Because it is our planet, we know a lot more about Earth than we do about any other planet. What are main features of Earth?

0.659401

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_1311

text

null

Without the atmosphere, Earth would look a lot more like the Moon. Atmospheric gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and oxygen (O2 ), are extremely important for living organisms. How does the atmosphere make life possible? How does life alter the atmosphere? The composition of Earths atmosphere.

0.653442

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_0157

text

null

When Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, it would not have been called the water planet. There were no oceans then. In fact, there was no liquid water at all. Early Earth was too hot for liquid water to exist. Earths early years were spent as molten rock and metal.

0.652786

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_1443

text

null

Water on Earth, such as the water in the oceans, contains chemical elements mixed into a solution. Various processes can cause these elements to combine to form solid mineral deposits.

0.652383

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_1190

text

null

Earth formed at the same time as the other planets. The history of Earth is part of the history of the Solar System.

0.65148

DQ_001465

What is the innermost part of the earth called?

question_images/earth_parts_4017.png

a. inner core, b. outer core, c. crust, d. mantle

a

T_0293

text

null

Climate is the average weather of a place over many years. It includes average temperatures. It also includes average precipitation. The timing of precipitation is part of climate as well. What determines the climate of a place? Latitude is the main factor. A nearby ocean or mountain range can also play a role.

0.648742

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001466

image

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

earth_parts_4022.png

1

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001614

image

question_images/earth_parts_6019.png

earth_parts_6019.png

0.885814

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001624

image

question_images/earth_parts_6021.png

earth_parts_6021.png

0.857847

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_1113

image

textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png

FIGURE 1.1

0.838691

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001584

image

question_images/earth_parts_6014.png

earth_parts_6014.png

0.82322

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001529

image

question_images/earth_parts_4078.png

earth_parts_4078.png

0.819636

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001454

image

question_images/earth_parts_4010.png

earth_parts_4010.png

0.813764

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001658

image

question_images/earth_parts_6028.png

earth_parts_6028.png

0.810733

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0010

image

textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png

FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.

0.808312

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

DQ_001564

image

question_images/earth_parts_548.png

earth_parts_548.png

0.805498

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0078

text

null

When rock layers are in the same place, its easy to give them relative ages. But what if rock layers are far apart? What if they are on different continents? What evidence is used to match rock layers in different places?

0.687868

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0751

text

null

Crust, mantle, and core differ from each other in chemical composition. Its understandable that scientists know the most about the crust, and less about deeper layers (Figure 6.3). Earths crust is a thin, brittle outer shell. The crust is made of rock. This layer is thinner under the oceans and much thicker in mountain ranges.

0.647134

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0075

text

null

Sediments were deposited in ancient seas in horizontal, or flat, layers. If sedimentary rock layers are tilted, they must have moved after they were deposited.

0.645368

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0147

text

null

Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?

0.636556

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_1106

text

null

Despite these problems, there is a rich fossil record. How does an organism become fossilized?

0.635657

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0777

text

null

Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land.

0.633114

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_1698

text

null

How well soil forms and what type of soil forms depends on several different factors, which are described below.

0.626809

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0804

text

null

Where an earthquake takes place is described by its focus and epicenter.

0.624781

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0076

text

null

Rock layers may have another rock cutting across them, like the igneous rock in Figure 11.9. Which rock is older? To determine this, we use the law of cross-cutting relationships. The cut rock layers are older than the rock that cuts across them.

0.624052

DQ_001466

What is the deepest point of the layers?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 50 kilometers, b. 2900 kilometers, c. 6378 kilometers, d. 5100 kilometers

c

T_0815

text

null

There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earths interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake.

0.623564

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001466

image

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

earth_parts_4022.png

1

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001614

image

question_images/earth_parts_6019.png

earth_parts_6019.png

0.885814

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001624

image

question_images/earth_parts_6021.png

earth_parts_6021.png

0.857847

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_1113

image

textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png

FIGURE 1.1

0.838691

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001584

image

question_images/earth_parts_6014.png

earth_parts_6014.png

0.82322

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001529

image

question_images/earth_parts_4078.png

earth_parts_4078.png

0.819636

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001454

image

question_images/earth_parts_4010.png

earth_parts_4010.png

0.813764

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001658

image

question_images/earth_parts_6028.png

earth_parts_6028.png

0.810733

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0010

image

textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png

FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.

0.808312

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

DQ_001564

image

question_images/earth_parts_548.png

earth_parts_548.png

0.805498

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0078

text

null

When rock layers are in the same place, its easy to give them relative ages. But what if rock layers are far apart? What if they are on different continents? What evidence is used to match rock layers in different places?

0.715436

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0751

text

null

Crust, mantle, and core differ from each other in chemical composition. Its understandable that scientists know the most about the crust, and less about deeper layers (Figure 6.3). Earths crust is a thin, brittle outer shell. The crust is made of rock. This layer is thinner under the oceans and much thicker in mountain ranges.

0.67313

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0777

text

null

Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land.

0.672504

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0147

text

null

Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?

0.665042

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0075

text

null

Sediments were deposited in ancient seas in horizontal, or flat, layers. If sedimentary rock layers are tilted, they must have moved after they were deposited.

0.660819

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0815

text

null

There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earths interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake.

0.65707

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0541

text

null

The three outer layers of the Sun are its atmosphere.

0.653812

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0081

text

null

Index fossils are commonly used to match rock layers in different places. You can see how this works in Figure

0.650611

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_0813

text

null

Seismic waves are the energy from earthquakes. Seismic waves move outward in all directions away from their source. Each type of seismic wave travels at different speeds in different materials. All seismic waves travel through rock, but not all travel through liquid or gas. Geologists study seismic waves to learn about earthquakes and the Earths interior.

0.65045

DQ_001467

How many Earth layers are shown in this picture?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. 5, b. 4, c. 3, d. 7

d

T_1190

text

null

Earth formed at the same time as the other planets. The history of Earth is part of the history of the Solar System.

0.64734

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001466

image

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

earth_parts_4022.png

1

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001614

image

question_images/earth_parts_6019.png

earth_parts_6019.png

0.885814

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001624

image

question_images/earth_parts_6021.png

earth_parts_6021.png

0.857847

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_1113

image

textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png

FIGURE 1.1

0.838691

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001584

image

question_images/earth_parts_6014.png

earth_parts_6014.png

0.82322

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001529

image

question_images/earth_parts_4078.png

earth_parts_4078.png

0.819636

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001454

image

question_images/earth_parts_4010.png

earth_parts_4010.png

0.813764

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001658

image

question_images/earth_parts_6028.png

earth_parts_6028.png

0.810733

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_0010

image

textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png

FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.

0.808312

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

DQ_001564

image

question_images/earth_parts_548.png

earth_parts_548.png

0.805498

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_1106

text

null

Despite these problems, there is a rich fossil record. How does an organism become fossilized?

0.743635

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_0777

text

null

Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries. This can occur in the oceans or on land.

0.725936

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_0780

text

null

A convergent plate boundary forms where two plates collide. That collision can happen between a continent and oceanic crust, between two oceanic plates, or between two continents. Oceanic crust is always destroyed in these collisions.

0.722885

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_0103

text

null

The earliest crust was probably basalt. It may have resembled the current seafloor. This crust formed before there were any oceans. More than 4 billion years ago, continental crust appeared. The first continents were very small compared with those today.

0.716774

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_0751

text

null

Crust, mantle, and core differ from each other in chemical composition. Its understandable that scientists know the most about the crust, and less about deeper layers (Figure 6.3). Earths crust is a thin, brittle outer shell. The crust is made of rock. This layer is thinner under the oceans and much thicker in mountain ranges.

0.707382

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_0811

text

null

Earthquakes also occur at divergent plate boundaries. At mid-ocean ridges, these earthquakes tend to be small and shallow focus because the plates are thin, young, and hot. Earthquakes in the oceans are usually far from land, so they have little effect on peoples lives. On land, where continents are rifting apart, earthquakes are larger and stronger.

0.701516

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_1156

text

null

The theory of plate tectonics is the most important theory in much of earth science. Plate tectonics explains why much geological activity happens where it does, why many natural resources are found where they are, and can be used to determine what was happening long ago in Earths history. The theory of plate tectonics will be explored in detail in later concepts.

0.695894

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_0311

text

null

Earths climate has changed many times through Earths history. Its been both hotter and colder than it is today.

0.692988

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_1096

text

null

Deadly earthquakes occur at transform plate boundaries. Transform faults have shallow focus earthquakes. Why do you think this is so?

0.69111

DQ_001468

What would happen if the continental crust was denser than the oceanic crust?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. The oceanic crust would be thinner, b. The lithosphere would be thinner, c. The continental crust would sink, d. The oceanic and continental crusts would merge

c

T_1855

text

null

Volcanoes erupt because mantle rock melts. This is the first stage in creating a volcano. Remember from the chapter Materials of Earths Crust that mantle may melt if temperature rises, pressure lowers, or water is added. Be sure to think about how and why melting occurs in the settings where there is volcanism mentioned in the next few concepts.

0.685528

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001466

image

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

earth_parts_4022.png

1

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001614

image

question_images/earth_parts_6019.png

earth_parts_6019.png

0.885814

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001624

image

question_images/earth_parts_6021.png

earth_parts_6021.png

0.857847

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_1113

image

textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png

FIGURE 1.1

0.838691

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001584

image

question_images/earth_parts_6014.png

earth_parts_6014.png

0.82322

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001529

image

question_images/earth_parts_4078.png

earth_parts_4078.png

0.819636

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001454

image

question_images/earth_parts_4010.png

earth_parts_4010.png

0.813764

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001658

image

question_images/earth_parts_6028.png

earth_parts_6028.png

0.810733

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_0010

image

textbook_images/the_nature_of_science_20005.png

FIGURE 1.5 Earths Center.

0.808312

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

DQ_001564

image

question_images/earth_parts_548.png

earth_parts_548.png

0.805498

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_0147

text

null

Freshwater below Earths surface is called groundwater. The water infiltrates, or seeps down into, the ground from the surface. How does this happen? And where does the water go?

0.713267

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_1593

text

null

Most of Earths water is stored in the oceans, where it can remain for hundreds or thousands of years.

0.690022

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_1443

text

null

Water on Earth, such as the water in the oceans, contains chemical elements mixed into a solution. Various processes can cause these elements to combine to form solid mineral deposits.

0.689099

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_0025

text

null

Water that flows over Earths surface includes runoff, streams, and rivers. All these types of flowing water can cause erosion and deposition.

0.676939

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_0669

text

null

Most water on Earth, like the water in the oceans, contains elements. The elements are mixed evenly through the water. Water plus other substances makes a solution. The particles are so small that they will not come out when you filter the water. But the elements in water can form solid mineral deposits.

0.676421

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_4893

text

null

A given kind of matter has the same chemical makeup and the same chemical properties regardless of its state. Thats because state of matter is a physical property. As a result, when matter changes state, it doesnt become a different kind of substance. For example, water is still water whether it exists as ice, liquid water, or water vapor.

0.672015

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_3941

text

null

Why do different states of matter have different properties? Its because of differences in energy at the level of atoms and molecules, the tiny particles that make up matter.

0.67069

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_0024

text

null

Flowing water slows down when it reaches flatter land or flows into a body of still water. What do you think happens then? The water starts dropping the particles it was carrying. As the water slows, it drops the largest particles first. The smallest particles settle out last.

0.667516

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_0078

text

null

When rock layers are in the same place, its easy to give them relative ages. But what if rock layers are far apart? What if they are on different continents? What evidence is used to match rock layers in different places?

0.665681

DQ_001469

Which layer of the earth is liquid?

question_images/earth_parts_4022.png

a. outer core, b. inner core, c. mantle, d. crust

a

T_1698

text

null

How well soil forms and what type of soil forms depends on several different factors, which are described below.

0.663616