Hessa/all_train_questions · Datasets at Hugging Face

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 15.2k	questionID stringlengths 9 10	lessonName stringclasses 629 values	beingAsked stringlengths 5 342	imageName stringlengths 12 40 ⌀	imagePath stringlengths 28 56 ⌀	questionType stringclasses 2 values	answerChoices stringlengths 17 554	correctAnswer stringclasses 7 values
9,900	NDQ_006032	states of water	water molecules have this kind of charge.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Negative, b. In between, c. Positive, d. No charge	d
9,901	NDQ_006033	states of water	when water freezes, water can do this.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Changes to the liquid state, b. Expands, c. Contracts, d. Evaporates	b
9,902	NDQ_006034	states of water	hydrogen atoms have this kind of charge.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Negative, b. In between, c. Positive, d. No charge	c
9,903	NDQ_006035	states of water	why does water have high surface tension?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. The polar molecules stick together, positive side to negative side., b. The water molecule is very tightly bound, hydrogens to oxygen., c. The water droplet sends a glue-like substance to its surface., d. Hydrogen and oxygen do cross-bonding, which makes them stick together more.	a
9,904	NDQ_006036	states of water	which of these is a special property of water?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Water molecules can stick together, b. Water has a high surface tension, c. Expands when it freezes, d. All of the above	d
9,905	NDQ_006037	states of water	all three phases of water can be present in a single location.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,906	NDQ_006038	states of water	earth is not the only planet that has water in all three states and water is the only substance that is found on earth in all three states.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,907	NDQ_006039	states of water	the three states of matter for water are	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Ice, snow and liquid, b. Ice, liquid water and water vapor, c. Solid, liquid and snow, d. Snow, solid water and gas	b
9,908	NDQ_006050	stratosphere	as air rises	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. it becomes less dense, b. it becomes warmer, c. the molecules move more freely, d. All of the above	d
9,909	NDQ_006051	stratosphere	an ozone molecule is created when	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. One oxygen atom combines with one oxygen molecule., b. Two oxygen molecules combine., c. Two oxygen atoms combine., d. Two oxygen atoms combine with two oxygen molecules.	a
9,910	NDQ_006052	stratosphere	there is a lot of mixing between the stratosphere and troposphere.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,911	NDQ_006053	stratosphere	what is the heat source for the stratosphere?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Earth’s surface, b. Earth’s core, c. The sun, d. None of the above	c
9,912	NDQ_006054	stratosphere	the thickness of the ozone layer varies by the season and by _______________.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Latitude, b. Season, c. Altitude, d. A & B	d
9,913	NDQ_006055	stratosphere	what is the cycle of ozone in the stratosphere?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. UV splits an oxygen molecule into two oxygen atoms, which combine with an oxygen molecule to create ozone., b. An ozone molecule splits into an oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom., c. An ozone molecule forms from and then splits into two oxygen molecules and two oxygen atoms., d. A & B	d
9,914	NDQ_006056	stratosphere	during a volcanic eruption, ash and gas may burst into the stratosphere and may remain suspended for many years.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,915	NDQ_006057	stratosphere	why is the ozone layer so important?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. It keeps Earth’s atmosphere from becoming too cold., b. It protects life on Earth from high energy ultraviolet radiation., c. It provides oxygen to mountain climbers and people in airplanes., d. It keeps Earth’s atmosphere from becoming too hot.	b
9,916	NDQ_006058	stratosphere	why do airplanes have their cruising altitude in the stratosphere?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. There is less friction., b. There is less turbulence., c. Fuel costs are lower., d. All of the above.	d
9,917	NDQ_006059	stratosphere	why is the air in the stratosphere stable?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Denser air lies above less dense air., b. Cooler air lies above warmer air., c. Warmer air lies above cooler air., d. A & B	c
9,918	NDQ_006060	streams and rivers	when two streams come together, it is at this.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. An influence, b. A confluence, c. A mouth, d. An estuary	b
9,919	NDQ_006061	streams and rivers	a stream only has one source.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,920	NDQ_006062	streams and rivers	the mouth of the klamath river and the pacific ocean creates this.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. An influence, b. A confluence, c. A mouth, d. An estuary	d
9,921	NDQ_006063	streams and rivers	base level is	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Where a stream meets the sea., b. Where a stream meets a large body of standing water., c. Where a stream touches the base of a mountain range., d. None of these.	b
9,922	NDQ_006064	streams and rivers	a location where a stream forms, often high in the mountains.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. A mouth, b. Headwaters, c. Tailwaters, d. Tributary	b
9,923	NDQ_006065	streams and rivers	the amount of erosion a stream does is	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. About equal along its length., b. Greater the farther the stream is from its base level., c. Lesser the higher in elevation the stream is., d. Greatest when the stream meanders.	b
9,924	NDQ_006066	streams and rivers	in the united states, water that falls on the west side of the continental divide flows into the pacific ocean and on the east side to the atlantic ocean.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,925	NDQ_006067	streams and rivers	organisms cannot live where a fresh water stream flows into the salty ocean.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,926	NDQ_006068	streams and rivers	inland cities were often built on rivers because they provided water, plus	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Transportation, b. Waste disposal, c. Defense, d. All of these	d
9,927	NDQ_006069	streams and rivers	the central valley of california grows much of the produce in the united states because it has good soil, a mild climate and	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Two great rivers that drain the Sierra Nevada Mountains., b. Several large desalination plants that make water from the nearby Pacific Ocean useable., c. Canals from the nearby Colorado River for water., d. None of these.	a
9,928	NDQ_006070	supervolcanoes	this is the largest supervolcano found in north america.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Pinatubo, b. Helen, c. Mount Shasta, d. Yellowstone	d
9,929	NDQ_006071	supervolcanoes	a circular shaped hole into which a volcano collapses during an eruption:	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Caldera, b. Volcanic neck, c. Batholith, d. Plateau	a
9,930	NDQ_006072	supervolcanoes	a supervolcano	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Is usually mafic in composition., b. Ejects an extremely large magma chamber of material in one huge explosion., c. Has lava and ash layers like a composite volcano., d. All of these.	b
9,931	NDQ_006073	supervolcanoes	this famous geyser can be found at yellowstone national park.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Old McDonald, b. Old Faithful, c. Old Woman, d. El Tatio	b
9,932	NDQ_006074	supervolcanoes	supervolcanoes can cause mass extinctions.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,933	NDQ_006075	supervolcanoes	eruptions of hotspots beneath continents are extremely explosive because	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. The eruptions occur frequently., b. The eruptions release enormous amounts of felsic lava., c. A massive plume massive enough to penetrate continental crust is very hot., d. Both a and c.	c
9,934	NDQ_006076	supervolcanoes	supervolcano eruptions happen somewhere on earth about every 1,000 years.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,935	NDQ_006077	supervolcanoes	a supervolcano can change life on earth by	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Blocking sunlight so that photosynthesis stops or slows., b. Raising temperature worldwide for years., c. Covering the entire surface of a continent with lava flows., d. All of these.	a
9,936	NDQ_006078	supervolcanoes	where do supervolcanoes usually form?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Convergent boundary, b. Divergent boundary, c. Continental hotspots, d. All of these	c
9,937	NDQ_006079	supervolcanoes	yellowstone is a supervolcano that has had three massive eruptions.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,938	NDQ_006080	surface features of the sun	sunspots are ____________.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Warmer areas on the Sun, b. Cooler, darker areas of the Sun, c. Landforms on the Sun, d. Explosions on the Sun	b
9,939	NDQ_006081	surface features of the sun	which of the following is true about sunspots?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. They are where loops of the Sun’s magnetic field disrupt the transfer of heat., b. Because they are loops, they usually occur in pairs., c. They have a minimum-maximum cycle that lasts 11 years., d. All of these.	d
9,940	NDQ_006082	surface features of the sun	violent explosions that release huge amounts of energy on the sun are called _____________.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Sunspots, b. Solar winds, c. Solar flares, d. Solar spots	c
9,941	NDQ_006083	surface features of the sun	a coronal mass ejection	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Is the source of the solar wind., b. Can turn into a solar flare., c. Releases streams of slow moving particles., d. All of these.	a
9,942	NDQ_006084	surface features of the sun	sunspots occur in ___________.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. 1 year cycles, b. 5 year cycles, c. 11 year cycles, d. 20 year cycles	a
9,943	NDQ_006085	surface features of the sun	solar prominences are _______________.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Cooler, darker areas, b. Interruptions of magnetic energy, c. Plasma loops that connect two sunspots, d. All of the above	c
9,944	NDQ_006086	surface features of the sun	prominences can last lengths of time ranging from days to months.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,945	NDQ_006087	surface features of the sun	nasas solar dynamics observatory is studying	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Nuclear fusion in the Sun., b. The effect of the Sun on Earth’s chemistry and climate., c. Changes of state between the four states of matter on the Sun., d. All of these.	b
9,946	NDQ_006088	surface features of the sun	earth is too far away to be affected by solar flares.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,947	NDQ_006089	surface features of the sun	spacecraft and astronauts can be harmed by radiation in space.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,948	NDQ_006100	sustainable development	as women become educated,	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. They have more babies., b. Their children are healthier., c. They no longer have time to care for their children., d. All of these.	b
9,949	NDQ_006101	sustainable development	for a more sustainable future, human population should be reduced.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,950	NDQ_006102	sustainable development	________________________ needs to be reduced to achieve a more sustainable future.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Over-consumption, b. Population, c. Poverty, d. All of the above	d
9,951	NDQ_006103	sustainable development	which of these helps to make a more sustainable environment?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Fish farming, done in an environmentally sound way, b. Using more resources, c. Replacing wood and metal with plastic products, d. All of the above	a
9,952	NDQ_006104	sustainable development	to be sustainable, we need to	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Stop using resources., b. Take the resources we have in whatever way possible while we develop new resources., c. Reduce the impact obtaining and using resources has on the planet., d. All of the above	c
9,953	NDQ_006105	sustainable development	in order to create a more sustainable environment, we need to use resources faster than they are regenerated.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,954	NDQ_006106	sustainable development	sustainable development is only concerned with protecting the environment.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,955	NDQ_006107	sustainable development	when forests are logged	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. The hillside should be abandoned., b. Fire should be set to clean up debris., c. New trees should be planted., d. All of these.	c
9,956	NDQ_006108	sustainable development	what is the role of science in sustainable development?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Understanding how humans are impacting Earth’s natural systems., b. Developing technologies to solve the problem of air pollution., c. Understanding and designing ways to reduce global warming., d. All of these.	d
9,957	NDQ_006109	sustainable development	to help society become more sustainable every individual should consume less and think about the impacts of what they consume.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,958	NDQ_006130	testing hypotheses	to test a hypothesis, a scientist could	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Look to the scientific literature., b. Perform experiments., c. Make observations., d. All of the above.	d
9,959	NDQ_006131	testing hypotheses	why does a hypothesis have to be falsifiable?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. It must be able to pass all its tests., b. Only if it is falsified can it be right., c. It must be possible to show that it is wrong., d. All of the above	c
9,960	NDQ_006132	testing hypotheses	the hypothesis - the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to increased volcanic activity - is wrong because	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Volcanic gas compositions and eruption rates have not changed over time, b. There has been an increase in volcanic eruptions in recent decades., c. The carbon dioxide in volcanic gases has increased over time., d. Volcanic gas compositions have changed, but eruption rates have not changed over time	d
9,961	NDQ_006133	testing hypotheses	when a hypothesis is being tested the scientific method is not followed, the hypothesis must be	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Accepted, b. Discarded immediately, c. Turned into a theory, d. Tested again	d
9,962	NDQ_006134	testing hypotheses	one of the reasons for the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to the increase in the amount of fossil fuels used.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,963	NDQ_006135	testing hypotheses	a series of steps that help to investigate a scientific question is	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. A hypothesis, b. Data, c. The scientific method, d. A theory	c
9,964	NDQ_006136	testing hypotheses	data are facts that have been uncovered from the scientific literature, or by systematic observations or experiments.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,965	NDQ_006137	testing hypotheses	which of these can help scientists to test a hypothesis?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Observations, b. Analysis, c. Conclusions, d. All of the above	d
9,966	NDQ_006138	testing hypotheses	having multiple working hypotheses helps in investigating a question.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,967	NDQ_006139	testing hypotheses	which type of data has been used to identify the phenomenon of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Experiments, b. Measurements, c. Visual observations, d. None of these	b
9,968	NDQ_006162	thermosphere and beyond	perhaps the most important feature of the outermost layers of the atmosphere is the low density of the gas particles.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,969	NDQ_006163	thermosphere and beyond	this layer bounces off radio waves back to earth.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Magnetosphere, b. Ionosphere, c. Mesosphere, d. Stratosphere	b
9,970	NDQ_006164	thermosphere and beyond	the aurora borealis is found in this layer.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Magnetosphere, b. Ionosphere, c. Mesosphere, d. Stratosphere	a
9,971	NDQ_006165	thermosphere and beyond	which gas molecules get energized to make the auroras?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Oxygen, b. Nitrogen, c. Hydrogen, d. A & B	d
9,972	NDQ_006166	thermosphere and beyond	at the edge of the outermost layer of the atmosphere, the __________, the atmosphere __________.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Ionosphere; merges with outer space, b. Ionosphere; ends abruptly, c. Exosphere; merges with outer space, d. Exosphere; ends abruptly	c
9,973	NDQ_006167	thermosphere and beyond	the solar wind is	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Energized oxygen and nitrogen gas molecules that travel outward from the sun., b. High speed particles traveling rapidly outward from the sun., c. The magnetic field of the sun that intersects the orbits of the inner planets., d. The movement of solar gases from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.	b
9,974	NDQ_006168	thermosphere and beyond	the aurora occur during massive solar storms when the van allen belts are overloaded with particles.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,975	NDQ_006169	thermosphere and beyond	how does the ionosphere get its name?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Solar radiation ionizes gas molecules into positive and negative charges., b. The magnetic field breaks apart nitrogen and oxygen gas into ions in the atmosphere., c. Solar storms cause the particles in the Van Allen belts to ionize., d. Ultraviolet radiation breaks apart atmospheric gases into positive and negative charges.	a
9,976	NDQ_006170	thermosphere and beyond	where is the aurora australis found?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. In the Northern Hemisphere, near the North Pole., b. Encircling the Equator., c. Around the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn., d. In the Southern Hemisphere, near the South Pole.	d
9,977	NDQ_006171	thermosphere and beyond	what are the van allen belts?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. A belt-like structure around the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn where the solar wind strikes., b. Two doughnut-shaped zones of highly charged particles located high in the atmosphere., c. The polar location where the aurora get their start., d. Where ions travel as electric currents in the magnetosphere.	c
9,978	NDQ_006182	tides	tides are most affected by the	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Gravitational pull of the Sun., b. Gravitational pull of the Moon., c. Gravitational pull of Jupiter., d. Gravitational pull of Venus.	b
9,979	NDQ_006183	tides	when two water bulges on opposite sides of the earth aligned with the moon, they are called low tides.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,980	NDQ_006184	tides	a low tide occurs beneath the point where	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Sun and Moon are on the same side of Earth., b. Sun and Moon are at opposite sides of Earth., c. Sun and Moon are at 90-degrees to each other, relative to Earth., d. None of these.	c
9,981	NDQ_006185	tides	if you wanted to go tide pooling on the shore and see the most tide pools, you should go	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. During a neap tide, when the tide is high., b. During a spring tide, when the tide is high, c. During a neap tide, when the tide is low., d. During a spring tide, when the tide is low.	d
9,982	NDQ_006186	tides	if a high tide takes place at happiness beach at midnight on day 1, when will it be low tide?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. 6:12.5 am on Day 1, b. 12:25 pm on Day 1, c. 6:37.5 pm on Day 1, d. 12:50 am on Day 2	a
9,983	NDQ_006187	tides	these tides have the smallest tidal range.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Spring tides, b. Neap tides, c. High tides, d. Low tides	b
9,984	NDQ_006189	tides	neap tides have a low tidal range because	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Moon’s high tide occurs in the same place as the Sun’s low tide, b. Moon’s low tide occurs in the same place as the Sun’s high tide, c. Moon’s high tide occurs opposite of the Sun’s low tide, d. Both A & B	d
9,985	NDQ_006190	tides	there is only one high and one low tide a day.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,986	NDQ_006191	tides	tides, like other waves, are additive.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,987	NDQ_006212	tree rings ice cores and varves	tree trunks alternating bands of light-colored, high density summer growth and low-density winter growth.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,988	NDQ_006213	tree rings ice cores and varves	if there is a summer drought __________________________.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. The tree will grow faster and light bands will be small, b. The tree will grow slower and the light bands will be small, c. The tree will not grow and the bands will not change, d. None of the above	b
9,989	NDQ_006214	tree rings ice cores and varves	which of these statements is true?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. The outmost ring in a tree cross-section indicates when the tree stopped growing, b. The tree-ring record is useful for finding the age of ancient structures, c. Distinctive patterns can be found in all trees in an area for the same time period, d. All of the above are true	d
9,990	NDQ_006215	tree rings ice cores and varves	ice cores show that snow falls in winter but in summer, dust accumulates.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,991	NDQ_006216	tree rings ice cores and varves	what is true about ice cores?	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Ice cores can determine how the environment has changed, b. Ice cores can tell how concentrations of atmospheric gases have changed, c. Ice cores can help scientists create a record of the local climate for thousands of years, d. All of the above are true	d
9,992	NDQ_006217	tree rings ice cores and varves	in a varve, summer is represented by	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Sediment from melting glaciers., b. Clay from wind-blown dust., c. Ash from nearby volcanoes., d. None of these.	a
9,993	NDQ_006218	tree rings ice cores and varves	a cold year is indicated in a varve by a thick deposit of sediment.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	b
9,994	NDQ_006219	tree rings ice cores and varves	varves form in __________ .	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. The deep ocean, b. Coastal regions, c. Lakes, d. Shallow ponds	c
9,995	NDQ_006220	tree rings ice cores and varves	a piece of wood from an archeological site can be dated by tree rings if	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. It is no more than around 200 years old., b. It has a pattern that matches the scale created by scientists., c. It was not taken from a tree that was cut a long distance from the site., d. All of these.	b
9,996	NDQ_006221	tree rings ice cores and varves	an ice core can reveal the climate in the region for hundreds of thousands of years.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. True, b. False	a
9,997	NDQ_006222	troposphere	clouds are in this layer of the atmosphere.	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Mesosphere, b. Troposphere, c. Stratosphere, d. Thermosphere	b
9,998	NDQ_006223	troposphere	if a mountaintop is 10,000 feet higher than the valley below, we can expect the temperature to be about	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Lower by about 36oF., b. Higher by about 36oF., c. The same., d. Different, but it is not possible to estimate the difference.	a
9,999	NDQ_006224	troposphere	in an inversion	null	null	Multiple Choice	a. Stratospheric air sits over tropospheric air., b. Tropospheric air sits over stratospheric air., c. Warm air sits over cold air., d. Cold air sits over warm air.	c

9,900

NDQ_006032

states of water

water molecules have this kind of charge.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Negative, b. In between, c. Positive, d. No charge

d

9,901

NDQ_006033

states of water

when water freezes, water can do this.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Changes to the liquid state, b. Expands, c. Contracts, d. Evaporates

b

9,902

NDQ_006034

states of water

hydrogen atoms have this kind of charge.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Negative, b. In between, c. Positive, d. No charge

c

9,903

NDQ_006035

states of water

why does water have high surface tension?

null

Multiple Choice

a. The polar molecules stick together, positive side to negative side., b. The water molecule is very tightly bound, hydrogens to oxygen., c. The water droplet sends a glue-like substance to its surface., d. Hydrogen and oxygen do cross-bonding, which makes them stick together more.

a

9,904

NDQ_006036

states of water

which of these is a special property of water?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Water molecules can stick together, b. Water has a high surface tension, c. Expands when it freezes, d. All of the above

d

9,905

NDQ_006037

states of water

all three phases of water can be present in a single location.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,906

NDQ_006038

states of water

earth is not the only planet that has water in all three states and water is the only substance that is found on earth in all three states.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,907

NDQ_006039

states of water

the three states of matter for water are

null

Multiple Choice

a. Ice, snow and liquid, b. Ice, liquid water and water vapor, c. Solid, liquid and snow, d. Snow, solid water and gas

b

9,908

NDQ_006050

stratosphere

as air rises

null

Multiple Choice

a. it becomes less dense, b. it becomes warmer, c. the molecules move more freely, d. All of the above

d

9,909

NDQ_006051

stratosphere

an ozone molecule is created when

null

Multiple Choice

a. One oxygen atom combines with one oxygen molecule., b. Two oxygen molecules combine., c. Two oxygen atoms combine., d. Two oxygen atoms combine with two oxygen molecules.

a

9,910

NDQ_006052

stratosphere

there is a lot of mixing between the stratosphere and troposphere.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,911

NDQ_006053

stratosphere

what is the heat source for the stratosphere?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Earth’s surface, b. Earth’s core, c. The sun, d. None of the above

c

9,912

NDQ_006054

stratosphere

the thickness of the ozone layer varies by the season and by _______________.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Latitude, b. Season, c. Altitude, d. A & B

d

9,913

NDQ_006055

stratosphere

what is the cycle of ozone in the stratosphere?

null

Multiple Choice

a. UV splits an oxygen molecule into two oxygen atoms, which combine with an oxygen molecule to create ozone., b. An ozone molecule splits into an oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom., c. An ozone molecule forms from and then splits into two oxygen molecules and two oxygen atoms., d. A & B

d

9,914

NDQ_006056

stratosphere

during a volcanic eruption, ash and gas may burst into the stratosphere and may remain suspended for many years.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,915

NDQ_006057

stratosphere

why is the ozone layer so important?

null

Multiple Choice

a. It keeps Earth’s atmosphere from becoming too cold., b. It protects life on Earth from high energy ultraviolet radiation., c. It provides oxygen to mountain climbers and people in airplanes., d. It keeps Earth’s atmosphere from becoming too hot.

b

9,916

NDQ_006058

stratosphere

why do airplanes have their cruising altitude in the stratosphere?

null

Multiple Choice

a. There is less friction., b. There is less turbulence., c. Fuel costs are lower., d. All of the above.

d

9,917

NDQ_006059

stratosphere

why is the air in the stratosphere stable?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Denser air lies above less dense air., b. Cooler air lies above warmer air., c. Warmer air lies above cooler air., d. A & B

c

9,918

NDQ_006060

streams and rivers

when two streams come together, it is at this.

null

Multiple Choice

a. An influence, b. A confluence, c. A mouth, d. An estuary

b

9,919

NDQ_006061

streams and rivers

a stream only has one source.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,920

NDQ_006062

streams and rivers

the mouth of the klamath river and the pacific ocean creates this.

null

Multiple Choice

a. An influence, b. A confluence, c. A mouth, d. An estuary

d

9,921

NDQ_006063

streams and rivers

base level is

null

Multiple Choice

a. Where a stream meets the sea., b. Where a stream meets a large body of standing water., c. Where a stream touches the base of a mountain range., d. None of these.

b

9,922

NDQ_006064

streams and rivers

a location where a stream forms, often high in the mountains.

null

Multiple Choice

a. A mouth, b. Headwaters, c. Tailwaters, d. Tributary

b

9,923

NDQ_006065

streams and rivers

the amount of erosion a stream does is

null

Multiple Choice

a. About equal along its length., b. Greater the farther the stream is from its base level., c. Lesser the higher in elevation the stream is., d. Greatest when the stream meanders.

b

9,924

NDQ_006066

streams and rivers

in the united states, water that falls on the west side of the continental divide flows into the pacific ocean and on the east side to the atlantic ocean.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,925

NDQ_006067

streams and rivers

organisms cannot live where a fresh water stream flows into the salty ocean.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,926

NDQ_006068

streams and rivers

inland cities were often built on rivers because they provided water, plus

null

Multiple Choice

a. Transportation, b. Waste disposal, c. Defense, d. All of these

d

9,927

NDQ_006069

streams and rivers

the central valley of california grows much of the produce in the united states because it has good soil, a mild climate and

null

Multiple Choice

a. Two great rivers that drain the Sierra Nevada Mountains., b. Several large desalination plants that make water from the nearby Pacific Ocean useable., c. Canals from the nearby Colorado River for water., d. None of these.

a

9,928

NDQ_006070

supervolcanoes

this is the largest supervolcano found in north america.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Pinatubo, b. Helen, c. Mount Shasta, d. Yellowstone

d

9,929

NDQ_006071

supervolcanoes

a circular shaped hole into which a volcano collapses during an eruption:

null

Multiple Choice

a. Caldera, b. Volcanic neck, c. Batholith, d. Plateau

a

9,930

NDQ_006072

supervolcanoes

a supervolcano

null

Multiple Choice

a. Is usually mafic in composition., b. Ejects an extremely large magma chamber of material in one huge explosion., c. Has lava and ash layers like a composite volcano., d. All of these.

b

9,931

NDQ_006073

supervolcanoes

this famous geyser can be found at yellowstone national park.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Old McDonald, b. Old Faithful, c. Old Woman, d. El Tatio

b

9,932

NDQ_006074

supervolcanoes

supervolcanoes can cause mass extinctions.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,933

NDQ_006075

supervolcanoes

eruptions of hotspots beneath continents are extremely explosive because

null

Multiple Choice

a. The eruptions occur frequently., b. The eruptions release enormous amounts of felsic lava., c. A massive plume massive enough to penetrate continental crust is very hot., d. Both a and c.

c

9,934

NDQ_006076

supervolcanoes

supervolcano eruptions happen somewhere on earth about every 1,000 years.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,935

NDQ_006077

supervolcanoes

a supervolcano can change life on earth by

null

Multiple Choice

a. Blocking sunlight so that photosynthesis stops or slows., b. Raising temperature worldwide for years., c. Covering the entire surface of a continent with lava flows., d. All of these.

a

9,936

NDQ_006078

supervolcanoes

where do supervolcanoes usually form?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Convergent boundary, b. Divergent boundary, c. Continental hotspots, d. All of these

c

9,937

NDQ_006079

supervolcanoes

yellowstone is a supervolcano that has had three massive eruptions.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,938

NDQ_006080

surface features of the sun

sunspots are ____________.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Warmer areas on the Sun, b. Cooler, darker areas of the Sun, c. Landforms on the Sun, d. Explosions on the Sun

b

9,939

NDQ_006081

surface features of the sun

which of the following is true about sunspots?

null

Multiple Choice

a. They are where loops of the Sun’s magnetic field disrupt the transfer of heat., b. Because they are loops, they usually occur in pairs., c. They have a minimum-maximum cycle that lasts 11 years., d. All of these.

d

9,940

NDQ_006082

surface features of the sun

violent explosions that release huge amounts of energy on the sun are called _____________.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Sunspots, b. Solar winds, c. Solar flares, d. Solar spots

c

9,941

NDQ_006083

surface features of the sun

a coronal mass ejection

null

Multiple Choice

a. Is the source of the solar wind., b. Can turn into a solar flare., c. Releases streams of slow moving particles., d. All of these.

a

9,942

NDQ_006084

surface features of the sun

sunspots occur in ___________.

null

Multiple Choice

a. 1 year cycles, b. 5 year cycles, c. 11 year cycles, d. 20 year cycles

a

9,943

NDQ_006085

surface features of the sun

solar prominences are _______________.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Cooler, darker areas, b. Interruptions of magnetic energy, c. Plasma loops that connect two sunspots, d. All of the above

c

9,944

NDQ_006086

surface features of the sun

prominences can last lengths of time ranging from days to months.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,945

NDQ_006087

surface features of the sun

nasas solar dynamics observatory is studying

null

Multiple Choice

a. Nuclear fusion in the Sun., b. The effect of the Sun on Earth’s chemistry and climate., c. Changes of state between the four states of matter on the Sun., d. All of these.

b

9,946

NDQ_006088

surface features of the sun

earth is too far away to be affected by solar flares.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,947

NDQ_006089

surface features of the sun

spacecraft and astronauts can be harmed by radiation in space.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,948

NDQ_006100

sustainable development

as women become educated,

null

Multiple Choice

a. They have more babies., b. Their children are healthier., c. They no longer have time to care for their children., d. All of these.

b

9,949

NDQ_006101

sustainable development

for a more sustainable future, human population should be reduced.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,950

NDQ_006102

sustainable development

________________________ needs to be reduced to achieve a more sustainable future.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Over-consumption, b. Population, c. Poverty, d. All of the above

d

9,951

NDQ_006103

sustainable development

which of these helps to make a more sustainable environment?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Fish farming, done in an environmentally sound way, b. Using more resources, c. Replacing wood and metal with plastic products, d. All of the above

a

9,952

NDQ_006104

sustainable development

to be sustainable, we need to

null

Multiple Choice

a. Stop using resources., b. Take the resources we have in whatever way possible while we develop new resources., c. Reduce the impact obtaining and using resources has on the planet., d. All of the above

c

9,953

NDQ_006105

sustainable development

in order to create a more sustainable environment, we need to use resources faster than they are regenerated.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,954

NDQ_006106

sustainable development

sustainable development is only concerned with protecting the environment.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,955

NDQ_006107

sustainable development

when forests are logged

null

Multiple Choice

a. The hillside should be abandoned., b. Fire should be set to clean up debris., c. New trees should be planted., d. All of these.

c

9,956

NDQ_006108

sustainable development

what is the role of science in sustainable development?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Understanding how humans are impacting Earth’s natural systems., b. Developing technologies to solve the problem of air pollution., c. Understanding and designing ways to reduce global warming., d. All of these.

d

9,957

NDQ_006109

sustainable development

to help society become more sustainable every individual should consume less and think about the impacts of what they consume.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,958

NDQ_006130

testing hypotheses

to test a hypothesis, a scientist could

null

Multiple Choice

a. Look to the scientific literature., b. Perform experiments., c. Make observations., d. All of the above.

d

9,959

NDQ_006131

testing hypotheses

why does a hypothesis have to be falsifiable?

null

Multiple Choice

a. It must be able to pass all its tests., b. Only if it is falsified can it be right., c. It must be possible to show that it is wrong., d. All of the above

c

9,960

NDQ_006132

testing hypotheses

the hypothesis - the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to increased volcanic activity - is wrong because

null

Multiple Choice

a. Volcanic gas compositions and eruption rates have not changed over time, b. There has been an increase in volcanic eruptions in recent decades., c. The carbon dioxide in volcanic gases has increased over time., d. Volcanic gas compositions have changed, but eruption rates have not changed over time

d

9,961

NDQ_006133

testing hypotheses

when a hypothesis is being tested the scientific method is not followed, the hypothesis must be

null

Multiple Choice

a. Accepted, b. Discarded immediately, c. Turned into a theory, d. Tested again

d

9,962

NDQ_006134

testing hypotheses

one of the reasons for the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to the increase in the amount of fossil fuels used.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,963

NDQ_006135

testing hypotheses

a series of steps that help to investigate a scientific question is

null

Multiple Choice

a. A hypothesis, b. Data, c. The scientific method, d. A theory

c

9,964

NDQ_006136

testing hypotheses

data are facts that have been uncovered from the scientific literature, or by systematic observations or experiments.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,965

NDQ_006137

testing hypotheses

which of these can help scientists to test a hypothesis?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Observations, b. Analysis, c. Conclusions, d. All of the above

d

9,966

NDQ_006138

testing hypotheses

having multiple working hypotheses helps in investigating a question.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,967

NDQ_006139

testing hypotheses

which type of data has been used to identify the phenomenon of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Experiments, b. Measurements, c. Visual observations, d. None of these

b

9,968

NDQ_006162

thermosphere and beyond

perhaps the most important feature of the outermost layers of the atmosphere is the low density of the gas particles.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,969

NDQ_006163

thermosphere and beyond

this layer bounces off radio waves back to earth.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Magnetosphere, b. Ionosphere, c. Mesosphere, d. Stratosphere

b

9,970

NDQ_006164

thermosphere and beyond

the aurora borealis is found in this layer.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Magnetosphere, b. Ionosphere, c. Mesosphere, d. Stratosphere

a

9,971

NDQ_006165

thermosphere and beyond

which gas molecules get energized to make the auroras?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Oxygen, b. Nitrogen, c. Hydrogen, d. A & B

d

9,972

NDQ_006166

thermosphere and beyond

at the edge of the outermost layer of the atmosphere, the __________, the atmosphere __________.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Ionosphere; merges with outer space, b. Ionosphere; ends abruptly, c. Exosphere; merges with outer space, d. Exosphere; ends abruptly

c

9,973

NDQ_006167

thermosphere and beyond

the solar wind is

null

Multiple Choice

a. Energized oxygen and nitrogen gas molecules that travel outward from the sun., b. High speed particles traveling rapidly outward from the sun., c. The magnetic field of the sun that intersects the orbits of the inner planets., d. The movement of solar gases from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.

b

9,974

NDQ_006168

thermosphere and beyond

the aurora occur during massive solar storms when the van allen belts are overloaded with particles.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,975

NDQ_006169

thermosphere and beyond

how does the ionosphere get its name?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Solar radiation ionizes gas molecules into positive and negative charges., b. The magnetic field breaks apart nitrogen and oxygen gas into ions in the atmosphere., c. Solar storms cause the particles in the Van Allen belts to ionize., d. Ultraviolet radiation breaks apart atmospheric gases into positive and negative charges.

a

9,976

NDQ_006170

thermosphere and beyond

where is the aurora australis found?

null

Multiple Choice

a. In the Northern Hemisphere, near the North Pole., b. Encircling the Equator., c. Around the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn., d. In the Southern Hemisphere, near the South Pole.

d

9,977

NDQ_006171

thermosphere and beyond

what are the van allen belts?

null

Multiple Choice

a. A belt-like structure around the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn where the solar wind strikes., b. Two doughnut-shaped zones of highly charged particles located high in the atmosphere., c. The polar location where the aurora get their start., d. Where ions travel as electric currents in the magnetosphere.

c

9,978

NDQ_006182

tides

tides are most affected by the

null

Multiple Choice

a. Gravitational pull of the Sun., b. Gravitational pull of the Moon., c. Gravitational pull of Jupiter., d. Gravitational pull of Venus.

b

9,979

NDQ_006183

tides

when two water bulges on opposite sides of the earth aligned with the moon, they are called low tides.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,980

NDQ_006184

tides

a low tide occurs beneath the point where

null

Multiple Choice

a. Sun and Moon are on the same side of Earth., b. Sun and Moon are at opposite sides of Earth., c. Sun and Moon are at 90-degrees to each other, relative to Earth., d. None of these.

c

9,981

NDQ_006185

tides

if you wanted to go tide pooling on the shore and see the most tide pools, you should go

null

Multiple Choice

a. During a neap tide, when the tide is high., b. During a spring tide, when the tide is high, c. During a neap tide, when the tide is low., d. During a spring tide, when the tide is low.

d

9,982

NDQ_006186

tides

if a high tide takes place at happiness beach at midnight on day 1, when will it be low tide?

null

Multiple Choice

a. 6:12.5 am on Day 1, b. 12:25 pm on Day 1, c. 6:37.5 pm on Day 1, d. 12:50 am on Day 2

a

9,983

NDQ_006187

tides

these tides have the smallest tidal range.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Spring tides, b. Neap tides, c. High tides, d. Low tides

b

9,984

NDQ_006189

tides

neap tides have a low tidal range because

null

Multiple Choice

a. Moon’s high tide occurs in the same place as the Sun’s low tide, b. Moon’s low tide occurs in the same place as the Sun’s high tide, c. Moon’s high tide occurs opposite of the Sun’s low tide, d. Both A & B

d

9,985

NDQ_006190

tides

there is only one high and one low tide a day.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,986

NDQ_006191

tides

tides, like other waves, are additive.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,987

NDQ_006212

tree rings ice cores and varves

tree trunks alternating bands of light-colored, high density summer growth and low-density winter growth.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,988

NDQ_006213

tree rings ice cores and varves

if there is a summer drought __________________________.

null

Multiple Choice

a. The tree will grow faster and light bands will be small, b. The tree will grow slower and the light bands will be small, c. The tree will not grow and the bands will not change, d. None of the above

b

9,989

NDQ_006214

tree rings ice cores and varves

which of these statements is true?

null

Multiple Choice

a. The outmost ring in a tree cross-section indicates when the tree stopped growing, b. The tree-ring record is useful for finding the age of ancient structures, c. Distinctive patterns can be found in all trees in an area for the same time period, d. All of the above are true

d

9,990

NDQ_006215

tree rings ice cores and varves

ice cores show that snow falls in winter but in summer, dust accumulates.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,991

NDQ_006216

tree rings ice cores and varves

what is true about ice cores?

null

Multiple Choice

a. Ice cores can determine how the environment has changed, b. Ice cores can tell how concentrations of atmospheric gases have changed, c. Ice cores can help scientists create a record of the local climate for thousands of years, d. All of the above are true

d

9,992

NDQ_006217

tree rings ice cores and varves

in a varve, summer is represented by

null

Multiple Choice

a. Sediment from melting glaciers., b. Clay from wind-blown dust., c. Ash from nearby volcanoes., d. None of these.

a

9,993

NDQ_006218

tree rings ice cores and varves

a cold year is indicated in a varve by a thick deposit of sediment.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

b

9,994

NDQ_006219

tree rings ice cores and varves

varves form in __________ .

null

Multiple Choice

a. The deep ocean, b. Coastal regions, c. Lakes, d. Shallow ponds

c

9,995

NDQ_006220

tree rings ice cores and varves

a piece of wood from an archeological site can be dated by tree rings if

null

Multiple Choice

a. It is no more than around 200 years old., b. It has a pattern that matches the scale created by scientists., c. It was not taken from a tree that was cut a long distance from the site., d. All of these.

b

9,996

NDQ_006221

tree rings ice cores and varves

an ice core can reveal the climate in the region for hundreds of thousands of years.

null

Multiple Choice

a. True, b. False

a

9,997

NDQ_006222

troposphere

clouds are in this layer of the atmosphere.

null

Multiple Choice

a. Mesosphere, b. Troposphere, c. Stratosphere, d. Thermosphere

b

9,998

NDQ_006223

troposphere

if a mountaintop is 10,000 feet higher than the valley below, we can expect the temperature to be about

null

Multiple Choice

a. Lower by about 36oF., b. Higher by about 36oF., c. The same., d. Different, but it is not possible to estimate the difference.

a

9,999

NDQ_006224

troposphere

in an inversion

null

Multiple Choice

a. Stratospheric air sits over tropospheric air., b. Tropospheric air sits over stratospheric air., c. Warm air sits over cold air., d. Cold air sits over warm air.

c