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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper particles crossing repeatedly the surface of a shock wave can be energized by first order fermi acceleration a the linear theory is successful in describing the acceleration process as long as the pressure of the accelerated particles remains negligible compared to the kinetic pressure of the incoming gas a the so a called test particle approximation a a when this condition is no longer fulfilled a the shock is modified by the pressure of the accelerated particles in a nonlinear way a namely the spectrum of accelerated particles and the shock structure determine each other a in this paper we present the first description of the nonlinear regime of shock acceleration when the shock propagates in a medium where seed particles are already present a this case may apply for instance to supernova shocks propagating into the interstellar medium a where cosmic rays are in equipartition with the gas pressure a we find that the appearance of multiple solutions a previously found in alternative descriptions of the nonlinear regime a occurs also for the case of acceleration of seed particles a moreover a for parameters of concern for supernova shocks a the shock is likely to turn nonlinear mainly due to the presence of the are a existing cosmic rays a rather than due to the acceleration of new particles from the thermal pool a we investigate here the onset of the nonlinear regime for the three following cases a a a seed particles in equipartition with the gas pressure a a a particles accelerated from the thermal pool a a a combination of a a and a a a cosmic rays a high energy a acceleration a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article diffusive acceleration at newtonian shock fronts is an extensively studied phenomenon a detailed discussions of the current status of the investigations can be found in some recent excellent reviews excite a while much is by now well understood a some issues are still subjects of much debate a for the theoretical and phenomenological implications that they may have of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the most important of these is the backreaction of the accelerated particles on the shock a the violation of the a test particle approximation a occurs when the acceleration process becomes sufficiently efficient to generate pressures of the accelerated particles which are comparable with the incoming gas kinetic pressure a both the spectrum of the particles and the structure of the shock are changed by this phenomenon a which is therefore intrinsically nonlinear a at present
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801
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper quintessential inflation is studied using a string modulus as the inflation quintessence field a it is assumed that the modulus crosses an enhanced symmetry point a esp a in field space a particle production at the esp temporarily traps the modulus resulting in a period of inflation a after reheating a the modulus freezes due to cosmological friction at a large value a such that its scalar potential is dominated by contributions due to fluxes in the extra dimensions a the modulus remains frozen until the present a when it can become quintessence a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article a plethora of observations concur that the universe at present enters a phase of accelerated expansion a in fact a most cosmologists accept that over 70% of the universe content at present corresponds to the elusive dark energy a a substance with pressure negative enough to cause the observed acceleration excite a the simplest form of dark energy is a positive cosmological constant a which however a needs to be incredibly fine a tuned to explain the observations excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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this is why theorists have looked for alternatives a which could explain the observations while setting a as was originally assumed a a promising idea is to consider that the universe at present is entering a late a time inflationary period excite a
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802
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper this paper is concerned with the fading multiple a input multiple a output multiple a access channel a memo a mac a with multiple receive antennas at the base station a is a and multiple transmit antennas at each mobile terminal a it a a two multiple a access techniques are considered for scheduling transmissions from each it to the is at the same frequency a which are a space a division multiple a access a a soma a and a time a division multiple a access a a time a a for soma a all its transmit simultaneously to the is and their individual signals are resolved at the is via multiple receive antennas while for time a each it transmits independently to the is during mutually orthogonal time slots a it is assumed that the channel a state information a sci a of the fading channel from each it to the is is a unknown a at each it transmitter a but is perfectly a known a at the is receiver a thereby a the is can acquire the long a term channel a distribution information a cd a for each it a this paper extends the well a known a transmit a covariance feedback a scheme for the point a to a point fading memo channel to the fading memo a mac a whereby the is jointly optimizes the transmit signal covariance matrices for all its based on their cd a and then sends each transmit covariance matrix back to the corresponding it via a feedback channel a the main goal of this paper is to characterize the so a called a multiuse power region a under the multiuse transmit a covariance feedback scheme for both soma and time a the power region is defined as the constitution of all user transmit power a tuples that can achieve reliable transmissions for a given set of user target rates a simulation results show that soma can achieve substantial power savings over time for the fading memo a mac a even when the number of antennas at the is is equal to that at each it a moreover a this paper demonstrates the usefulness of the multiuse power region for maintaining a proportionally a fair a power consumption among. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article transmission through multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas a or the so a called multiple a input multiple a output a memo a technology a is known as an efficient means for providing enormous information rates in rich a scattering mobile environmentsa characterization of the fading memo channel capacity limits a under various assumptions on the transmitter a side and receiver a side channel a state information a sci a and channel a distribution information a cd a a has motivated a great deal of valuable scholarly work a edge a excite and references therein a a in particular a the case where the sci is perfectly a known a at the receiver but a unknown a at the transmitter has drawn much interest due to its validity in many practical situations of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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this is because the presumption of perfect receiver a side sci is usually reasonable for wireless channels where the receiver can locally estimate the fading channel a while the complete sci feedback from the receiver to the transmitter is difficult or even impossible a consequently a many schemes that exploit various forms of a partial a channel feedback have been proposed in literature a among others a the a transmit a covariance feedback a scheme is known to be capable of achieving data rates close to the fading memo channel ergodic capacity when the channel cd exhibits some long a term consistent statistical properties a edge a constant channel mean indoor constant channel covariance matrixa in the transmit a covariance feedback scheme a
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803
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper i start by reviewing existing measurements with particular emphasis on the recent 221 me measurement at trim which permitted the weak meson a nucleon coupling constants and to be determined separately for the first time a i then review experiments a with specific details of the experiment now under preparation at los alamo national laboratory a this experiment will provide a clean measurement of the weak pion nucleon coupling a a finally a i discuss parity violation experiments a particularly the zero experiment under way at jefferson lab in virginia a this experiment will measure the weak form factors and a allowing the distribution of strange quarks in the quark sea to be determined a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in vancouver a popular form of chinese luncheon is of dim sum of in which small quantities of a large variety of foods may be tasted a this review is a of dim sum of of parity violation experiments a as with a luncheon a my selection is biased by my personal taste and experience of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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i start with parity violation experiments a concentrating on the the trim 221 me experiment a then discuss parity violation experiments with details of the los alamo experiment now being installed at lance a finally a i discuss parity violation experiments a particularly the zero experiment at jefferson lab a
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804
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we examine various well known exact solutions available in the literature to investigate the recent criterion obtained in ref a a of a which should be fulfilled by any static and spherically symmetric solution in the state of hydrostatic equilibrium a it is seen that this criterion is fulfilled only by a i a the regular solutions having a vanishing surface density together with the pressure a and a ii a the singular solutions corresponding to a non a vanishing density at the surface of the configuration a on the other hand a the regular solutions corresponding to a non a vanishing surface density do not fulfill this criterion a based upon this investigation a we point out that the exterior schwarzschild solution itself provides necessary conditions for the types of the density distributions to be considered inside the mass a in order to obtain exact solutions or equations of state compatible with the structure of general relativity a the regular solutions with finite centre and non a zero surface densities which do not fulfill the criterion a of a a in fact a can not meet the requirement of the a actual mass a set up by exterior schwarzschild solution a the only regular solution which could be possible in this regard is represented by uniform a homogeneous a density distribution a the criterion a of a provides a necessary and sufficient condition for any static and spherical configuration a including core a envelope models a to be compatible with the structure of general relativity a thus a it may find application to construct the appropriate core a envelope models of stellar objects like neutron stars and may be used to test various equations of state for dense nuclear matter and the models of relativistic stellar structures like star clusters a a pics nos a a 04.20.jd a 04.40.dg a 97.60.jd.- a exact solutions of einstein a field equations a a. 25 in pm so neg a department of physics a human university a nainital 263 002 a india a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the first two exact solution of einstein a field equations were obtained by schwarzschild a a a a soon after einstein introduced general relativity a or a a the first solution describes the geometry of the space a time exterior to a prefect fluid sphere in hydrostatic equilibrium a while the other a known as interior schwarzschild solution a corresponds to the interior geometry of a fluid sphere of constant a homogeneous a energy a density a a the importance of these two solutions in or is well known of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the exterior solution at a given point depends only upon the total mass of the gravitating body and the radial distance as measured from the centre of the spherical symmetry a and not upon the a type a of the density distribution considered inside the mass a however a we will focus on this point of crucial importance later on in the present paper a on the other hand a the interior schwarzschild solution provides two very important features towards obtaining configurations in hydrostatic equilibrium a compatible with or a namely a a i a it gives an absolute upper limit on compaction parameter a a mass to size ratio of the entire configuration in geometries units a for any static and spherical solution a provided the density decreases monotonically outwards from the centre a in hydrostatic equilibrium a a a a and a ii a for an assigned value of the compaction parameter a a the minimum central pressure a a corresponds to the homogeneous density solution a see a edge a a a a a a
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805
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we investigate feedback control of linear quantum systems subject to feedback a loop time delays a in particular a we examine the relation between the potentially achievable control performance and the time delays a and provide theoretical guidelines for the future experimental setup in two physical systems a which are typical in this research field a the evaluation criterion for the analysis is given by the optimal control performance formula a the derivation of which is from the classical control theoretic results about the input a output delay systems a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article for reliable realization of quantum feedback control a it is indispensable to take into consideration some real a world limitations a such as incomplete knowledge of the physical systems and poor performance of the control devices a various efforts on these issues have been undertaken in these few years a see edge a excite for the system parameter uncertainty a among such limitations a time delays in the feedback loop a which happen due to the finite computational speed of a classical a controller devices a are extremely serious a since their effect may completely lose the benefit of feedback control excite a to avoid the time delays please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a one can think to use the markova feedback control a in which the measurement results are directly fed back excite a however a while these experimental simplification has been extensively studied a theoretical ways to evaluate the effect of the time delays have not been proposed so far a in this paper
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806
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present a new a a ray analysis of the dwarf seyfert galaxy not 4395 a based on two archival a hmm a newton a and a suzuki a observations a this source is well known for a series of remarkable properties a one of the smallest estimated black hole masses among active galactic nuclei a of the order of a a intense flux variability on very short time a scales a a few tens of seconds a a an unusually flat a a ray continuum a over the 210 key energy range a a not 4395 is also characterized by significant variations of the a a ray spectral shape a and here we show that such behaviour can be explained through the partial occultation by circumnuclear cold absorbers with column densities of a in this scenario a the primary a a ray emission is best reproduced by means of a power law with a standard photon index a consistent with both the spectral slope observed at higher energies and the values typical of local an a a firstpage a galaxies a active galaxies a individual a not 4395 a a rays a galaxies a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the central regions of the dwarf spiral galaxy not 4395 show most of the common signatures of nuclear activity a the optical and ultraviolet a us a spectra reveal prominent high a ionization forbidden lines on top of a nearly featureless continuum a and broad wings corresponding to gas velocities in excess of pm s are detected in the permitted lines a filippenko a sargent 1989 a a contrary to the objects of the same kind a the emission a line properties a the optical to a a ray variability pattern and the inferred accretion rate of not 4395 are those typical of the seyfert class a of which this source is usually considered to represent the least luminous member of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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different methods have been employed in the last years to derive the mass of its central black hole a the estimate obtained through reverberation mapping is a peterson it al a 2005 a a but the lack in this galaxy of a significant bulge and the stringent upper limit of of pm s on its velocity dispersion suggest an even lower value a of the order of a filippenko a to 2003 a a anyhow a the engine of not 4395 falls somewhere between the stellar a mass black holes found in galactic a a ray binaries and the supermassive black holes residing inside active galactic nuclei a an a a
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807
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we propose and study a simplified model for the surface and bulk structures of crosslinked polymer gels a into which voids are introduced through tempting by surfactant micelles a such systems were recently studied by atomic force microscopy a my chakrapani a it al a a a a a print cold a mat/0112255 a a the gel is represented by a frustrated a triangular network of nodes connected by springs of random equilibrium lengths a the nodes represent crosslinkers a and the springs correspond to polymer chains a the boundaries are fixed at the bottom a free at the top a and periodic in the lateral direction a voids are introduced by deleting a proportion of the nodes and their associated springs a the model is numerically relaxed to a representative local energy minimum a resulting in an inhomogeneous a of clumpy of bulk structure a the free top surface is defined at evenly spaced points in the lateral a a direction by the height of the topmost spring a measured from the bottom layer a a its scaling properties are studied by calculating the root a mean a square surface width and the generalized increment correlation functions a the surface is found to have a nontrivial scaling behavior on small length scales a with a crossover to scale a independent behavior on large scales a as the vacancy concentration approaches the site a percolation limit a both the crossover length and the saturation value of the surface width diverge in a manner that appears to be proportional to the bulk connectivity length a this suggests that a percolation transition in the bulk also drives a similar divergence observed in surfactant template polyacrylamide gels at high surfactant concentrations a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article crosslinked polymer hydrogen are completely interconnected polymer networks that combine high water content with high porosity a forming macroscopic molecules that have applications in many fields a their wide range of pore sizes makes such gels ideal for separation of biological macromolecules by electrophoresis or chromatography excite a the crosslinking process induces a reorganization of the polymer structure a resulting in inhomogeneities in the spatial density excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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these inhomogeneities affect the surface configurations of the gels a but only in recent years have advances in atomic force microscopy a am a made possible the imaging of soft material surfaces in an aqueous environment excite a the effects of the crosslinking density a temperature a pressure a and sample thickness on the surface topography have been studied by suzuki a
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808
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the three a gluon vertex is a basic object of interest in nonabelian gauge theory a it contains important structural information a in particular on infrared divergences a and also figures prominently in the schwinger a dyson equations a at the one a loop level a it has been calculated and analysed by a number of authors a here we use the worldwide formalism to unify the calculations of the scalar a senior and gluon loop contributions to the one a loop vertex a leading to an extremely compact representation a the busy a related sum rule found by binger and brodsky follows from an off a shell extension of the bern a kosher replacement rules a we explain the relation of the structure of our representation to the low a energy effective action a a 11.6pt a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the off a shell three a gluon vertex has been under investigation for more than three decades a by an analysis of the nonabelian gauge ward identities a ball and chiu in 1980 found a form factor decomposition of this vertex which is valid at any order in perturbation theory a with the only restriction that a variant gauge be used a at the one a loop level a they also calculated the vertex explicitly for the case of a gluon loop in feynman gauge a later cornwall and papavassiliou applied the pinch technique to the non a perturbative study of this vertex of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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davydychev a island and sax excite calculated the massive quark contribution of the one loop three a gluon vertex a binger and brodsky calculated the one a loop vertex in the pinch technique and found the following busy a related identity between its scalar a senior and gluon loop contributions a in this talk a i present a recalculation of the scalar a senior and gluon loop contributions to the three a gluon vertex using the worldwide formalism excite a
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809
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we have performed very large and high resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations in order to investigate detectability of nebular lines in the rest a frame ultraviolet a us a to optical wavelength range from galaxies at a we find that the expected line fluxes are very well correlated with apparent us magnitudes a the a in and the a iii a lines of galaxies brighter than are detectable with current facilities such as the vat a shooter and the keck a misfire a metal lines such as a in a a iii a a a of ii a and a of iii a can be good targets for the spectroscopic observation with thirty meter telescope a tit a a european extremely large telescope a a a let a a giant magellan telescope a get a and james webb space telescope a just a a h and h lines are also expected to be detectable with these telescopes a we also predict detectability of the nebular lines for galaxies that will be found with just a wide a field infrared survey telescope a first a and first light and ionization explorer a flare a a a we conclude that the a in a a iii a a a of iii a and h lines even from galaxies can be strong targets for tit a let and just a we also find that the magnification by gravitational lensing is of great help to detect such high- galaxies a according to our model a the a iii a line in galaxy candidates is detectable even using the current facilities a a firstpage a cosmology observations a galaxies evolution a galaxies formation a galaxies high a redshift a galaxies luminosity function a mass function a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article understanding physical properties of the high- galaxies beyond is very important a because such galaxies are not only building blocks of lower- galaxies and local galaxies but also the leading candidate of ionizing sources for the cosmic ionization a such galaxies are much fainter objects because they are very distant objects and less massive systems a thus a in order to observe these galaxies a ultra deep surveys are necessary of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the wide field camera a waco a installed on the hubble space telescope a hot a in 2009 have detected many galaxy candidates using the dropout a lyman break a technique excite a the combination of gravitational lensing by foreground galaxy clusters and the waco camera have also discovered even intrinsically fainter high- galaxy candidates excite a
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810
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we introduce a new index of the leptonic up phase dependence and derive the maximal condition for this index in a simple and general form a may be realized even in the part experiment a in the case that the a a a mixing angle can be observed in the next generation reactor experiments a namely a and nevertheless appearance signal can not be observed in the part experiment a we conclude that the up phase becomes a value around for without depending the uncertainties of solar and atmospheric parameters a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in future experiments a the determination of the leptonic up phase is one of the most important aim in elementary particle physics a a lot of effort have been dedicated both from theoretical and experimental point of view in order to attain this aim a see excite and the references therein a the up asymmetry a a is widely used as the index of the up phase dependence a here of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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and are the oscillation probabilities for the transition and respectively a however a this index has to be improved on the following three points a the first one is that the fake up violation due to matter effect excite can not be separated clearly in a
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811
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper two methods for the nonperturbative solution of field a theoretic bound a state problems a based on light a front coordinates a are briefly reviewed a one uses pauli villas regularization and the other supersymmetry a applications to yukawa theory and super yang mills theory with fundamental matter are emphasized a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article there have been a number of calculations excite using light a front coordinates excite as a convenient means of attacking field a theoretic problems nonperturbatively a particularly in a a a dimensions a efforts in more dimensions have generally been less successful a however a due to the need for regularization and renormalization a here two approaches that include consistent regularization are briefly reviewed in the context of specific model calculations excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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one approach is pauli villas a pm a regularization excite a where massive negative a metric particles are added to a theory to provide the necessary cancellations excite a the other is supersymmetry excite a these are not the only approaches available on the light front a in particular a one can find the transverse lattice technique excite and similarity transformations excite discussed elsewhere in this volume a
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812
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we summarize the contribution of the patent project to extrasolar planet science a highlighting published planets a hat a pub through hat a p-26b a a we also briefly discuss the operations a data analysis a candidate selection and confirmation procedures a and we summarize what patent provides to the exoplanet community with each discovery a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the hungarian a made automated telescope network a patent a bakes it al a 2004 a survey a has been one of the main contributors to the discovery of transiting exoplanets a tips a a being responsible for approximately a quarter of the confirmed tips discovered to date a fig a a a a it is a wide a field transit survey a similar to other projects such as super a wasp a pollack it al of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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2006 a a to a mccullough it al a 2005 a a and tres a alfonso it al a
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813
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper a latin trade is a pair of partial latin squares that define the difference between two arbitrary latin squares and of the same order a a -homogeneous trade has three entries in each row a three entries in each column a and each symbol appears three times in a cavenagh excite showed that any -homogeneous trade may be partitioned into three transversal a in this paper we provide an independent proof of cavenagh a result using geometric methods a in doing so we provide a framework for studying trades as tessellations in spherical a euclidean or hyperbolic space a additionally a we show how latin trades are related to finite representations of certain triangle groups a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article a a latin trade a is a pair of partial latin squares which are disjoint a occupy the same set of non a empty cells a and whose corresponding rows and columns contain the same set of entries a one of the earliest studies of latin trades appeared in excite a where they are referred to as a exchangeable partial groupoids-. latin trades are prominent in the study of a critical sets a a which are minimal defining sets of latin squares a,, a and the intersections between latin squares a excite a a we write when symbol appears in the cell at the intersection of row and column of the a partial a latin square of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a -homogeneous trade has elements in each row a elements in each column a and each symbol appears times a cavenagh excite obtained the following theorem a using combinatorial methods a as a corollary to a general classification result on -homogeneous trades a
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814
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper adding small code snippets at key points to existing code fragments is called instrumentation a it is an established technique to debug certain otherwise hard to solve faults a such as memory management issues and data races a dynamic instrumentation can already be used to analyse code which is loaded or even generated at run time a with the advent of environments such as the java virtual machine with optimizing just a in a time compilers a a new obstacle arises a self a modifying code a in order to instrument this kind of code correctly a one must be able to detect modifications and adapt the instrumentation code accordingly a preferably without incurring a high penalty speedwise a in this paper we propose an innovative technique that uses the hardware page protection mechanism of modern processors to detect such modifications a we also show how an instruments can adapt the instrumented version depending on the kind of modifications as well as an experimental evaluation of said techniques a elis a ghent university a sent a pietersnieuwstraat of a 9000 gent a belgium a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article instrumentation is a technique whereby existing code is modified in order to observe or modify its behaviour a it has a lot of different applications a such as profiling a coverage analysis and cache simulations a one of its most interesting features is however the ability to perform automatic debugging a or at least assist in debugging complex programs of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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after all a instrumentation code can intervene in the execution at any point and examine the current state a record it a compare it to previously recorded information and even modify it a debugging challenges that are extremely suitable for analysis through instrumentation include data race detection excite and memory management checking excite a
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815
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper this series of papers is devoted to identifying and explaining the properties of strongly correlating liquids a item a liquids with more than 90% correlation between their viral and potential energy fluctuations in the ensemble a paper in a no gran a it al a a a of chem a phys a a 131 a a 234504 a 2009 a a showed that strongly correlating liquids have of isomorphism of a which are curves in the phase diagram along which structure a dynamics a and some thermodynamic properties are invariant in reduced units a in the present paper a using the fact that reduced a unit radial distribution functions are isomorphic invariant a we derive an expression for the shapes of isomorphism in the phase diagram of generalized leonard a jones systems of one or more types of particles a the isomorphic shape depends only on the leonard a jones exponents a thus all isomorphism of standard leonard a jones systems a with exponents of and a a can be scaled onto to a single curve a two applications are given a one is testing the prediction that the solid a liquid coexistence curve follows an isomorphic by comparing to recent simulations by ahmed and sadhus a of chem a phys a a 131 a a 174504 a 2009 a a a excellent agreement is found on the liquid side of the coexistence a whereas the agreement is worse on the solid side a a second application is the derivation of an approximate equation of state for generalized leonard a jones systems by combining the isomorphic theory with the rosenfeld a arizona expression for the temperature dependence of potential energy on isochores a it is shown that the new equation of state agrees well with simulations a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article this is the fifth in a series of papers investigating the properties of strongly correlating liquids, item a liquids that have strong correlations between their constant a volume equilibrium fluctuations of potential energy a a and virial where is the position of particle at time a as is well known a the average viral gives the configurational contribution to the pressure a letting denote instantaneous deviations from equilibrium mean values a the correlation is quantified by the correlation coefficient a with denoting equilibrium average a a perfect correlation gives a as a pragmatic definition we have chosen of strongly correlating liquids of to designate liquids that have in the ensemble a constant volume a a and temperature a a a strongly correlating liquids have simpler physics than liquids in general a an observation that has particular significance for the highly viscous phase. thus it has been shown that strongly correlating viscous liquids to a good approximation have all eight frequency a dependent thermoviscoelastic response functions given in terms of just one a item a are single a parameter liquids in the sense of having dynamic prigogine a delay ratio close to unity a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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strongly correlating viscous liquids moreover obey density scaling to a good approximation a item a their dimensionless relaxation time a where is the average particle mass a depends on density and temperature as. paper excite presented computer simulations of of different systems a showing that van der walls type liquids are strongly correlating a whereas hydrogen a bonding liquids like methanol or water are not a strongly correlating liquids include a for instance a the standard leonard a jones a la a liquid a the kob a andersen binary la a table a mixture a an asymmetric rigid a bond dumbbell model a a seven a site united a atom toluene model a and the lewis a wahnstrm top model a paper ii analysed the cause of correlations with a focus on the la potential a
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816
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we report short a time variations in the plasma tail of c/2013 r1lovejoy a a a series of short a two to three minutes a exposure images with the 8.2-m subaru telescope shows faint details of filaments and their motions over of minutes observing duration a we identified rapid movements of two knots in the plasma tail near the nucleus a 3 pm a a their speeds are of and of pm s along the tail and 3.8 and 2.2 pm s across it a respectively a these measurements set a constraint on an acceleration model of plasma tail and knots as they set the initial speed just after their formation a we also found a rapid narrowing of the tail a after correcting the motion along the tail a the narrowing speed is estimated to be a pm s a these rapid motions suggest the need for high time a resolution studies of comet plasma tails with a large telescope a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article plasma tails of comets and their time variations potentially provide crucial information on solar winds and magnetic fields in the solar system a edge a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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short a time variations in plasma tails a however a are not yet fully understood a indeed a most previous studies observed tails and structures at far distances a pm from the nucleus a with a time resolution of an order of an hour a regarding the speed of movement along the tail a excite studied of disconnection events a de a of various comet tails and found 100 pm s at pm from the nuclei a
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817
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper this paper concerns the problem of the high probability state transfer among symmetrically placed nodes of the -nodes spins 1/2 chain with the hamiltonian a we consider examples with a and a a spin dynamics a quantum state transfer a spin chain a ideal state transfer a high a probability state transfer a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article this paper concerns the problem of the high probability state transfer a host a excite between different nodes of the spin 1/2 chain a which becomes a popular problem due to the development of the quantum communication systems and quantum computing a by of state transfer of we mean the following phenomenon excite a consider the chain of spins 1/2 with dipole a dipole interactions in the strong external magnetic field a let all spins be directed along the external magnetic field except the one whose initial state is arbitrary a a where and mean the spin directed along and opposite the external magnetic field respectively of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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let the energy of the ground state a all spins are aligned along the magnetic field a be zero a if the state of node becomes with at time moment then we say that the state has been transferred from the to the node with the phase shift a
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818
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper blue this note a we present a natural proof of a recent and surprising result of gregory berkolaiko interpreting the courante nodal defect as a morse index a this proof is inspired by a nice paper of miroslav fiedler published in 1975 a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the of nodal defect of of an eigenfunction of a schrodinger operator is closely related to the difference between the upper bound on the number of nodal domains given by courante a theorem and the number of nodal domains a in the recent paper excite a gregory berkolaiko proves a nice formula for the nodal defect of an eigenfunction of a schrodinger operator on a finite graph in terms of the morse index of the corresponding eigenvalue as a function of a magnetic deformation of the operator a his proof remains mysterious and rather indirect a in order to get a better understanding in view of possible generalizations a it is desirable to have a more direct approach of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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this is what we do here a after reviewing our notation a we summarize the main result and give an informal description of the proof in section a sec a statement a a
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819
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in this paper we investigate the effect of terminal substituent on the dynamics of spin and charge transport in donor a acceptor substituted pollens a a chains a also known as push a pull pollens a we employ a long a range correlated model hamiltonian for the system a and time a dependent density matrix renormalization group technique for time propagating the wave packet obtained by injecting a hole at a terminal site a in the ground state of the system a our studies reveal that the end groups do not affect spin and charge velocities in any significant way a but change the amount of charge transported a we have compared these push a pull systems with donor a acceptor substituted polymethine imine a pm a a a systems in which besides electron affinities a the nature of orbitals in conjugation also alternate from site to site a we note that spin and charge dynamics in the pms are very different from that observed in the case of push a pull pollens a and within the time scale of our studies a transport of spin and charge leads to the formation of a of quasi a static of state a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article conjugated organic materials have a variety of applications a they are already being used in organic light emitting diodes a sleds a and organic thin a film transistors. they are also considered to be potential candidates for single a molecule electronic and spintronic devices a the issue of spin and charge transport in -conjugated organic systems a therefore a is of prime importance a thus a it is both important and necessary to understand the role of chemical modifications a substituent a on the dynamics of spin and charge transport in these systems of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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electrons in these molecular materials experience strong electron correlations by virtue of reduced dimensionality and these interactions are also long a ranged since the systems are semiconducting a therefore a to study transport of charge and spin in these systems a it is necessary to have appropriate models as well as techniques a
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820
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper for the better understanding of the astrophysical -process the experimental determination of low energy proton and -capture cross sections on heavy isotopes is required a the existing data for the p, reaction are contradictory and strong fluctuation of the cross section is observed which can not be explained by the statistical model a in this paper a new determination of the p, and p, cross sections based on thick target yield measurements are presented and the results are compared with existing data and model calculations a reaction rates of p, at temperatures relevant for the -process are derived directly from the measured thick target yields a the obtained rates are a factor of a lower than the ones used in astrophysical network calculations a it is argued that in the case of fluctuating cross sections the thick target yield measurement can be more suited for a reliable reaction rate determination a astrophysical gamma a process a reaction cross section a thick target yield a gamma a spectroscopy 24.60.dr a 25.40.lw a 26.30.-k a 27.60.+j a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the bulk of the chemical elements heavier than iron are thought to be produced by neutron induced reactions in the astrophysical so and a a processes excite a a tiny fraction of the heavy elements a however a can not be synthesized by these processes since some of the most proton rich isotopes a the so a called a nuclei a lie outside the path of both the so and a a processes a it is generally accepted that the main mechanism contributing to the synthesis of the a isotopes is the so a called -process excite which takes place in high temperature stellar environments of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the -process converts the isotopes at the bottom of the valley of stability to proton rich species by consecutive a,n a photodisintegration reactions a charged particle emitting a a and a,p a reactions play also an important role in a -process reaction flow model a
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821
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we explore the theory of electrons confined by one dimensional power law potentials a we calculate the density profile in the high density electron gas a the low density wigner crystal a and the intermediate regime a we extract the momentum space wavefunction of the electron at the fermi surface a which can be measured in experiments on tunnelling between parallel wires a the onset of localization leads to a dramatic broadening of the momentum space wavefunction together with pronounced sharpening a in energy a of the tunnelling spectrum a advances in microprocessing have enabled scientists to construct ultra a high mobility one dimensional wires with transverse size no a which is sufficiently small to freeze out all transverse electronic motion excite a by allowing tunnelling between two such parallel wires a auslaender it al a excite have been able to map out the spectrum of elementary excitations a providing good evidence of spin a charge separation a further experiments have found evidence of electronic localization in these wires when a gate electrode is used to deplete the density of electrons excite a this localization is possibly caused by an interaction driven transition into a wigner crystal state excite a where each electron is localized by repulsion from its neighbours a here we investigate the theory of such crystallization in one dimensional wires a the wires used in these experiments are not infinitely long a their finite length a which is controlled by electrostatic potentials a leads to striking fringes in the tunnelling spectrum excite a these fringes can not be explained by particles bounded by a infinite walls a a but require a more accurate modelling of the confinement a tserkovnyak it al a excite found that the experimental results were consistent with a power a law potential with a in discussing experimental signatures of crystallization in these systems a we must take into account this same physics a and explore the interplay between. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article we consider a gas of electrons with spin states confined to a one dimensional wire a experiencing an external potential a where is the coordinate along the wire a the electrons interact through pairwise three dimensional coulomb interactions a a where is the dielectric constant of the medium and is the electrons effective mass a using parameters for a a doped gas a a where is the free a space electron mass a a the effective bohr radius is quite large a a a in this wire a the electronic wavefunction has a transverse size no a integrating out these transverse dimensions a the electrons feel a regularized coulomb interaction of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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two useful regularization are and a where is the smaller of and a as the exact form of the regularization becomes unimportant a
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822
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper hot observations have contributed significantly to our knowledge on the behaviour of isolated neutron stars a inns a as optical emitters a first a hot has been instrumental both to discover new optical counterparts a per b1055 a of a per b1929 a of a per b0950 a of a and to confirm proposed identifications a per b0656 a of a a second a hot multicolour photometry provided useful information to characterize the optical emission mechanisms a at work in middle a aged inns like per b0656 a of and gaming a last a but not least a the superior angular resolution of the hot allowed both to perform a very accurate morphological study of the periodic environments of young pulsars a edge the crab and per b0540 a of a and to perform very accurate astrometry measurements yielding proper motions a crab a vela a gaming a per b0656 a of a and parallaxes a gaming a a psfig.sty if a car a via passing of a i-20133 milan a italy st a eco a karl schwarzschild strip a d8574o marching by muncher a germany pennsylvania state univ a a 525 dave lab a university park a a 16802 a us as a via liege of a i-00198 rome a italy a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article although conspicuous inns such as the crab and vela pulsars have been observed from the very beginning of the mission a hot started to play a key role on the study of the optical behaviour of these faint targets after the first refurbishing mission in 1993 a the study did not proceed systematically a edge from the brighter to the dimmer a but rather following a random walk dictated by the allocation of observing time a table a lists all the inns a be they bona file pulsars or radio a silent neutron stars a observed so far by the hot of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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cocci a i a a logger a a logged a it a a dkpc a a mag a a crab a 3.1 a 38.6 a 2.0 a 16.6 a b0540 a of a 3.2 a 38.2 a of a 22.5 a vela a 4.1 a 36.8 a 0.5 a 23.6 a b0656 a of a 5.0 a 34.6 a 0.76 a 25.0 a gaming a 5.5 a 34.5 a 0.16 a a a 25.5 a b1055 a of a 5.7 a 34.5 a 1.5 a 24.9u a a b1929 a of a 6.5 a 33.6 a 0.17 a a a 25.7u a a b0950 a of a 7.2 a 32.7 a 0.28 a a a 27.1u a a a raj 1856 a 3754 a a a a 25.6 a although their number is limited a the objects in table a sample of magnitude in brightness and a decades in age a going from the youngest pulsars a such as the crab and per b0540 a of a to rather old ones a such as per b0950 a of a all inns a but the crab a are faint a
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823
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in the minimal supergravity model a sugar a a as the parameter increases a the charged highs boson and light bottom square masses decrease a which can potentially increase contributions from a and loops in the decay a we update a previous cd improved decay calculation to include in addition the effects of gluing and neutrino loops a we find that in the sugar model a loops involving charging also increase a and dominate over a a and contributions for a we find for large values of that most of the parameter space of the sugar model for is ruled out due to too large a value of branching ratio a for and large a most of parameter space is allowed a although the regions with the least fine a tuning a low and a are ruled out due to too a low a a value of a we compare the constraints from to constraints from the neutrino relic density a and to expectations for particle discovery at left and the fermilab betatron colliders a finally a we show that non a universal gut scale soft breaking square mass terms can enhance gluing loop contributions to decay rate even if these are diagonal a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article models of particle physics including weak scale supersymmetry a busy a are amongst the most promising candidates for new physics at the tel scale a of this class of models a the minimal supergravity a sugar a model stands out as providing one of the most economic explanations for the diversity of soft supersymmetry breaking terms in the busy lagrangian a in this model a supersymmetry is communicated from a hidden sector a whose dynamics leads to the breaking of supersymmetry a to the observable sector a consisting of the fields of the minimal supersymmetric standard model or mss a via gravitational interactions a with the assumption of canonical kinetic terms for scalars in the lagrangian a this leads to a universal mass for all scalar particles at some high scale a usually taken to be a at a gauging masses and trilinear terms please generate the next two sentences of the article
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are assumed to unify at and a respectively a these parameters a along with the bilinear soft term a provide boundary conditions for the renormalization group evolution of the various soft terms from to a
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824
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we use bin observational data on primordial abundance of to constrain gravity a the three most studied viable models a namely the power law a the exponential and the square a root exponential are considered a and the bin bounds are adopted in order to extract constraints on their free parameters a for the power a law model a we find that the constraints are in agreement with those acquired using late a time cosmological data a for the exponential and the square a root exponential models a we show that for reliable regions of parameters space they always satisfy the bin bounds a we conclude that viable models can successfully satisfy the bin constraints a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article cosmological observations coming from type a supernovae excite a cosmic microwave background radiation excite and the large scale structure excite a provide evidences that the universe is currently in an accelerating phase a this result is a in general a ascribed to the existence of a sort of dark energy a de a sector in the universe a an exotic energy source characterized by a negative pressure a at late times a the dark a energy sector eventually dominates over the cold dark matter a cd a a and drives the universe to the observed accelerating expansion of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the simplest candidate for de is the cosmological constant a which has an equation a of a state parameter a although this model is in agreement with current observations a it is plagued by some difficulties related to the small observational value of de density with respect to the expected one arising from quantum field theories a the well known cosmological constant problem excite a a
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825
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in this paper a we consider the problem of sum rate maximization in a bidirectional relay network with fading a hereby a user a and user a communicate with each other only through a relay a item a a direct link between user a and user a is not present a in this network a there exist six possible transmission modes a four point a to a point modes a user to a relay a user to a relay a relay a to a user a a relay a to a user a a a a multiple access mode a both users to the relay a a and a broadcast mode a the relay to both users a a most existing protocols assume a fixed schedule of using a subset of the aforementioned transmission modes a as a result a the sum rate is limited by the capacity of the weakest link associated with the relay in each time slot a motivated by this limitation a we develop a protocol which is not restricted to adhere to a predefined schedule for using the transmission modes a therefore a all transmission modes of the bidirectional relay network can be used adaptively based on the instantaneous channel state information a sci a of the involved links a to this end a the relay has to be equipped with two buffers for the storage of the information received from users a and a a respectively a for the considered network a given a total average power budget for all nodes a we jointly optimize the transmission mode selection and power allocation based on the instantaneous sci in each time slot for sum rate maximization a simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing protocols for all signal a to a noise ratios a sirs a a specifically a we obtain a considerable gain at low sirs due to the adaptive power allocation and at high sirs due to the adaptive mode selection a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in a bidirectional relay network a two users exchange information via a relay node excite a several protocols have been proposed for such a network under the practical half a duplex constraint a item a a node can not transmit and receive at the same time and in the same frequency band a the simplest protocol is the traditional two a way relaying protocol in which the transmission is accomplished in four successive point a to a point phases a user to a relay a relay a to a user a a user to a relay a and relay a to a user a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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in contrast a the time division broadcast a dec a protocol exploits the broadcast capability of the wireless medium and combines the relay a to a user a and relay a to a user a phases into one phase a the broadcast phase excite a thereby a the relay broadcasts a superimposed codeword a carrying information for both user a and user a a such that each user is able to recover its intended information by self a interference cancellation a
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826
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper einstein a 1936 a predicted the phenomenon presently known as gravitational lensing a go a a a prime feature of go is the magnification a because of the gravitational field a of the star visible surface as seen from a distant observer a we show here that nonlinear electrodynamics a need a modifies in a fundamental basis einstein a general relativistic a or a original derivation a the effect becomes apparent by studying the light propagation from a strongly magnetic a a pulsar a sep a a unlike its or counterpart a the photon dynamics in need leads to a new effective go a which depends also on the -field permeating the pulsar a the apparent radius of a sep appears then unexpectedly diminished a by a large factor a as compared to the classical einstein a prediction a this may prove very crucial in determining physical properties of high -field stars from their a a ray emission a 0.5 true received07/04/2004 a revised16/05/2005 a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article einstein a general theory of relativity a str a has proved to be one of the most successful physical theories ever formulated a as a theory of the gravitational interaction a it has a number of predictions definitely corroborated by experiments or astronomical observations a which makes it the correct gravity theory here a to a fore a after addressing an earlier study a einstein a 1936 a excite came up with the prediction of the gravitational lensing effect of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the idea is that the gravitational field produced by a massive astrophysical object a the sun for instance a can act as a convergent lens able to deviate light rays flying a by a observations of far away quasars and galaxies and more familiar total solar eclipses confirm the reality of this phenomenon a
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827
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper paramagnetic impurities in a quantum spin a liquid can result in condo effects with highly unusual properties a we have studied the effect of locally exchange a coupling a paramagnetic impurity with the spin- honeycomb kitten model in its hapless spin a liquid phase a the a impurity a scaling equations are found to be insensitive to the sign of the coupling a the weak and strong coupling fixed points are stable a with the latter corresponding to a noninteracting vacancy and an interacting a spin- defect for the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases respectively a the ground state in the strong coupling limit in both cases has a nontrivial topology associated with a finite flux at the impurity site a for the antiferromagnetic case a this result can be obtained straightforwardly owing to the integrability of the kitten model with a vacancy a the strong a coupling limit of the ferromagnetic case is however nonintegrable a and we address this problem through exact a diagonalization calculations with finite kitten fragments a our exact diagonalization calculations indicate that that the weak to strong coupling transition and the topological phase transition occur rather close to each other and are possibly coincident a we also find an intriguing similarity between the magnetic response of the defect and the impurity susceptibility in the two a channel condo problem a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article a study of disorder in condensed matter systems is useful from two perspectives a disorder is inherent in most condensed matter systems and often has profound effects on their properties a incorporation of small amounts of paramagnetic impurities in a metallic host can result in the condo effect which gives the well a known logarithmic temperature dependence of the resistivity upon cooling a and eventually crosses over to a fermi a liquid regime with a characteristic low energy scale a the condo temperature of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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conversely a impurities at low concentrations can act as a probe providing specific signatures of the environment they exist in a from the latter perspective a the condo effect is a set of signatures of certain low a energy excitations of the host lacking long a range magnetic order a for instance a exotic condo effects are known to arise in itinerant electron magnets near criticality excite and in insulating quantum spin a liquid systems excite owing to the paramagnons and spinonic excitations respectively a
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828
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper let be a plane graph and an even subset of its vertices a it has been conjectured that if all -cuts of have the same parity and the size of every -cut is at least a then contains edge a disjoint -joins a the case is equivalent to the four color theorem a and the cases a which was conjectured by seymour a and were proved by guenon a we settle the next open case a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article we study packing of -joins in plane graphs a let be a graph and an even a size subset of its vertices a -join a is a subgraph of such that the odd a degree vertices of are precisely those in of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a a cut a is a partition of the vertex set of a graph into two sets and a which we refer to as a sides a a the a size a of the cut is the number of edges with one end a vertex in and the other end a vertex in a a cut is a trivial a if one its sides consists of a single vertex and a cut is a odd a if the size of is odd a
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829
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper a we model the spreading of a crisis by constructing a global economic network and applying the susceptible a infected a recovered a sir a epidemic model with a variable probability of infection a the probability of infection depends on the strength of economic relations between the pair of countries a and the strength of the target country a it is expected that a crisis which originates in a large country a such as the us a has the potential to spread globally a like the recent crisis a surprisingly we show that also countries with much lower gap a such as belgium a are able to initiate a global crisis a using the a k--shell decomposition method to quantify the spreading power a of a node a a we obtain a measure of of centrality of as a spreader of each country in the economic network a we thus rank the different countries according to the shell they belong to a and find the of most central countries a these countries are the most likely to spread a crisis globally a of these of only six are large economies a while the other six are medium a small ones a a result that could not have been otherwise anticipated a furthermore a we use our model to predict the crisis spreading potential of countries belonging to different shells according to the crisis magnitude a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article a global economic crisis a such as the recent 2008 a 2009 crisis a is certainly due to a large number of factors a in today a global economy a with strong economic relations between countries a it is important to investigate how a crisis propagates from the country of origin to other countries in the world a indeed a several significant crises in the past few decades have been originated in a single country of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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however a it is still not clear how and to what extent domestic economies of other countries may be affected by this spreading a due to the inter a dependence of economies excite a here a we use a statistical physics approach to deal with the modern economy a as it has been done successfully in the recent years for the case of financial markets and currencies excite a
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830
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present the general properties of the active galactic nuclei a ages a and discuss the origin and structure of jets that are associated to a fraction of these objects a we then we address the problems of particle acceleration at highly relativistic energies and set limits on the luminosity of an jets for being origin of users a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article most of the galaxies of the local universe shine by effect of stellar and interstellar gas emissions a predominantly in the optical band a typically a the emitted spectra are characterized by stellar absorption lines and emission lines by his regions a these sources are called of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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normal galaxies a small fraction of galaxies a about a do not follow this behavior a in fact a they show strong and broad emission lines a consistent with velocity dispersion of the emitting gas attaining several thousand of kilometres per second a most remarkably a the non a thermal emission coming from a central nucleus a with size pc a dominates over the thermal one coming from stars and interstellar gas and extends well beyond the optical band a from radio to gamma rays a fig a
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831
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we perform a many a body investigation of the spin phasing in -typed inns quantum wells under moderate magnetic fields in the point configuration by constructing and numerically solving the kinetic bloch equations a we obtain the spin phasing time due to the rash effect together with the spin conserving scattering such as the electron a phonon a the electron a nonmagnetic impurity as well as the electron a electron coulomb scattering a by varying the initial spin polarization a temperature a impurity density a applied magnetic field and the interface electric field a we are able to study the spin phasing time under various conditions a for the electron density and quantum well width we study a the many a body effect dominates the spin phasing a moreover a we find an anomalous resonance peak in the spin phasing time for high initial spin polarization under moderate magnetic fields a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article almost all of the current semiconductor devices are based on manipulating electronic charges a the arising field of spintronics proposes to use the spin degree of freedom of electrons in place of a in addition to the charge degree of freedom for device applications in order to add new features and functionalities to semiconductors devices. the hope of the realization of the proposed spintronic devices is supported by the resent development of ultrafast nonlinear optical experiments where long spin phasing time a is a is reported a the functionalities of the semiconductor spintronic devices rely on the manipulation of the spin coherence a in order to realize these devices please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a one needs to thoroughly understand the spin phasing mechanisms which tend to destroy the spin coherence a historically a three spin phasing mechanisms have been proposed in semiconductors: the elliot a yet a by a mechanism, the dyakonov a perl a do a mechanism, and the big a kronos a pious a bap a mechanism. all of the three mechanisms are either due to the spin flip a of a scattering or are treated as effective of scattering a
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832
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present berkeley illinois maryland association a lima a millimetre interferometer observations of giant molecular clouds a games a along a spiral arm in my a the observations consist of a survey using the compact configuration of the interferometer and follow a up a higher a resolution observations on a subset of the detections in the survey a the data are processed using an analysis algorithm designed to extract games and correct their derived properties for observational biases thereby facilitating comparison with milky way data a the algorithm identifies of games of which of have sufficient signal a to a noise to accurately measure their properties a the games in this portion of my are indistinguishable from those found in the milky way a having a similar size a line width relationship and distribution of viral parameters a confirming the results of previous a smaller studies a the velocity gradients and angular momenta of the games are comparable to the values measured in my and the milky way a and a in all cases a are below expected values based on the local galactic shear a the studied region of my has a similar interstellar radiation field a metallicity a moore parameter a and midland volume density as the inner milky way a so the similarity of my populations between the two systems is not surprising a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article as the instrumentation for millimetre a wave telescopes improves a it becomes progressively more straightforward to study individual molecular clouds in other galaxies a recent studies of local group galaxies have surveyed large numbers of molecular clouds in the large magellanic cloud excite a the small magellanic cloud excite a my excite a and a bevy of local group dwarf galaxies a edge a a a a a a a a a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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these recent studies explore the nature of star formation on galactic scales by studying the properties of giant molecular clouds a games a a throughout their host galaxies a such games contain the majority of the molecular mass in the milky way a ism and are responsible for most of the star formation in the galaxy excite a
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833
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we show that decaying amino dark matter with a a parity violation can explain the observed excess of the 130gev gamma a ray line from the galactic center in the fermi data a the branching fraction of the amino decay into monochromatic photons can be a and constraints from continuum gamma a rays and the anti a proton flux are ameliorated a the peace a quinn scale of and the a a parity violation parameter of are cosmological favored a of in ut-13 a of a pm of a 0024 a amino dark matter with a a parity violation and a 130 get gamma a ray line a of in motor endo a kochi hamaguchi a send pei liew a a kyohei mukaida and kazunori nakayama of in a of physics a university of tokyo a bunko a kun a tokyo 113 a 0033 a japan a institute for the physics and mathematics of the universe a university of tokyo a kachina 277 a 8583 a japan a a of in a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article recently a there is increasing evidence of the excess of the 130gev gamma a ray line from the galactic center a go a in the four a year fermi data excite a this may be interpreted as a signal of the dark matter a do a a which annihilates or decays around the go a an obstacle to construct a model of the annihilating a decaying do which explains the observed gamma a ray line excess is that the branching ratio of the monochromatic photon production must be fairly large please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a it should be larger than around 0.01 excite a otherwise a continuum gamma a rays would hide the line gamma a and anti a protons may be overproduced a
|
834
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper linear state space modelling determines the hidden autoregressive a a a process in a noisy time series a for an a process the time series current value is the sum of current stochastic of noise of and a linear combination of previous values a we present preliminary results from modelling a sample of a channel base lad lightcurves a we determine the order of the a process necessary to model the bursts a the comparison of decay constants for different energy bands shows that structure decays more rapidly at high energy a the resulting models can be interpreted physically a for example a they may reveal the response of the burst emission region to the injection of energy a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article hidden in base a superb gamma a ray burst lightcurves in different energy bands are temporal and spectral signatures of the fundamental physical processes which produced the observed emission a various techniques have been applied to the base data to extract these signatures a such as a auto and crosscorrelations of lightcurves in different energies a fourier transforms a lightcurve averaging a cross a fourier transforms and pulse fitting a here we propose to use linear state space models a list a to study the gamma a ray burst lightcurves of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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list estimates a time series underlying autoregressive a a a process in the presence of observational noise a an a process assumes that the real time series is a linear function of its past values a of autoregression of a in addition to of noise a of a stochastic component of the process a
|
835
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present results of computing the order low energy constants in the normal part of chiral lagrangian both for two and three flavor pseudo a scalar mesons a this is a generalization of our previous work on calculating the order coefficients of the chiral lagrangian in terms of the quark self energy approximately from cd a we show that most of our results are consistent with those we can find in the literature a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article chiral lagrangian for low lying pseudoscalar mesons as the most successful effective field theory is now widely used in various strong a weak and electromagnetic processes a to match the increasing demand for higher precision in low energy description of cd a the applications of the low energy expansion of the chiral lagrangian is extended from early time discussions on the leading and next to leading orders to present order a for the latest review a see ref. a in the chiral lagrangian please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a there are many unknown phenomenological low energy constants a less a which appear in front of each goldstone field dependent operators and the number of the less increases rapidly when we go to the higher orders of the low energy expansion a for example for the three flavor case a the and order chiral lagrangian have a and of less respectively a while the normal part of order chiral lagrangian have of less a
|
836
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper schmidt rank of bipartite pure state serves as a testimony of entanglement a it is a monotone under local operation classical communications a lock a and puts restrictions in lock convertibility of quantum states a identifying the schmidt rank of an unknown quantum state therefore seek importance from information theoretic perspective a in this work it is shown that a modified version of hardy a argument a which reveals the contradiction of quantum theory with a local realism a a turns out to be useful for inspecting the minimal schmidt rank of the unknown state and hence also the minimal dimension of the system a use of hardy a test in such task provides a practical advantage a the schmidt rank can be determined without knowing the detailed functioning of the experimental devices item a hardy a test suffices to be a device independent schmidt rank witness a among various counterintuitive features of quantum mechanics a certainly a one of the most bizarre property is quantum entanglement excite a this holistic property of compound quantum systems a which involves non a classical correlations among subsystems a has potential for many quantum processes a including canonical ones a quantum cryptography excite a quantum teleportation excite a and dense coding excite a according to the quantum formalism a the total hilbert space of the separate systems is a tensor product of the subsystem spaces a item a a when the number of the involved subsystems are two a the pure state of the bipartite system can always be described by its schmidt decomposition a item a the representation of in an orthogonal product basis with minimal number of terms excite a a bipartite pure state a with and a has schmidt rank if its schmidt decomposition reads a a where a a and is an orthonormal set of vectors in the hilbert space and is an orthonormal set of vectors in the hilbert. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article consider that alice holds the quit system and bob holds the quit system a like in the -qubit scenario here also the following two cases are possible a a a a i a all the poem elements are rank one operators a a a a ii a some of the poem elements may have more than one rank a a case a i a a a alice and bob perform three a outcome rank one poems on their respective parts of the shared quit a quit state a like the scenario a consider as basis for the alice a quit system of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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for bob a quit system consider as basis a then the other vectors on bob a side can be expressed as a forms a basis for the tensor product hilbert space a according to the conditions a a h31-h33 a a the quit a quit state exhibiting hardy a test a a he a a must be orthogonal to the following nine vectors a among the above nine vectors the set are linearly independent.and the rest four vectors a item a
|
837
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper let be a hyperbolizable a nontrivial compression body without toroidal boundary components a in this paper a we characterize which discrete and faithful representations of into are separable a stable a the set of separable a stable representations forms a domain of discontinuity for the action of on the -character variety of a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article recently a the study of the dynamics of on the -character variety of for a compact hyperbolizable -manifold with nonempty boundary and no toroidal boundary components a has led to the somewhat surprising discovery that often the dynamical and geometric decompositions of the -character variety do not coincide a the -character variety of denoted is the geometric quotient of by inner automorphisms of sitting inside is the set of discrete and faithful representations a which can equivalently be thought of as the deformation space of hyperbolic -manifolds homology equivalent to the action of on the interior of is properly discontinuous a see canary excite a a but if has a primitive essential annulus a the action can not be properly discontinuous on all of a canary a storm excite a a minsky in excite was the first to observe that there exists a domain of discontinuity a called the set of primitive a stable representations a for containing the interior of as well as points on when is a handlebody of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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in particular a the set of primitive a stable representations contains both discrete and faithful representations and dense representations a jean a kim a ohshika a secure excite gave a complete criterion for a discrete and faithful representation to be primitive a stable in terms of disc a busting properties of the ending lamination and parabolic loci of the associated hyperbolic -manifold a
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838
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we report on the a hmm a newton a observations of the young a 102 is pulsar per b1706 a of a we have found that both a blackbody plus power a law and a magnetized atmospheric model plus power a law provide an excellent fit to the epic spectra a the two scenarios are therefore indistinguishable on a statistical basis a although we are inclined to prefer the latter on physical grounds a in this case a assuming a source distance of pc a the size of the region responsible for the thermal emission is pm a compatible with the surface of a neutron star a a comparison of the surface temperature of per b1706 a of obtained from this fit with cooling curves favor a medium mass neutron star with or a depending on two different models of proton superfluity in the interior a the large collecting area of a hmm a newton a allows us to resolve a substructure in the broad soft a a ray modulation detected by a chandra a a revealing the presence of two separate peaks with pulsed fractions of and a respectively a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article per b1706 a of is a young a or a a energetic 102 is pulsar originally discovered by excite a it is one of several sources with spin down ages 10 yrs which are referred to as vela a like pulsars a due to their similar emission properties a excite a a the source is known to display glitches a excite a and is plausibly associated with the supernova remnant g343.1 a 2.3 a excite a excite a excite a a according to the new excite model please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a the pulsar is pc away a which agrees with the kinematic distance in the range 2.43.2 pc inferred from a i absorption a excite a a la images a excite a excite a indicated that the pulsar is located inside a synchrotron periodic nebula about in size a
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839
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the evolution of magnetic fields frozen to a perfectly conducting plasma fluid around a kerr black hole is investigated a we focus on the plunging region between the black hole horizon and the marginally stable circular orbit in the equatorial plane a where the centrifugal force is unable to stably balance the gravitational force a adopting the kinematic approximation where the dynamical effects of magnetic fields on the fluid motion are ignored a we exactly solve maxwell a equations with the assumptions that the geodesic motion of the fluid is stationary and asymmetric a the magnetic field has only radial and azimuthal components and depends only on time and radial coordinates a we show that the stationary state of the magnetic field in the plunging region is uniquely determined by the boundary conditions at the marginally stable circular orbit a if the magnetic field at the marginally stable circular orbit is in a stationary state a the magnetic field in the plunging region will quickly settle into a stationary state if it is not so initially a in a time determined by the dynamical time scale in the plunging region a the radial component of the magnetic field at the marginally stable circular orbit is more important than the toroidal component in determining the structure and evolution of the magnetic field in the plunging region a even if at the marginally stable circular orbit the toroidal component is zero a in the plunging region a toroidal component is quickly generated from the radial component by the shear motion of the fluid a finally a we discuss the dynamical effects of magnetic fields on the motion of the fluid in the plunging region a we show that the dynamical effects of magnetic fields are unimportant in the plunging region if they are negligible on the marginally stable circular orbit a this supports the of no a torque inner boundary condition of of thin disks a contrary to the claim in the recent literature a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article it is widely believed that accretion disks around kerr black holes exist in many astrophysical environments a ranging from active galactic nuclei to some stellar binary systems excite a people usually assume that the inner boundary of a thin keplerian disk around a kerr black hole is located at the marginally stable circular orbit a inside which the centrifugal force is unable to stably balance the gravity of the central black hole excite a in the disk region a particles presumably move on nearly circular orbits with a very small inward radial velocity superposed on the circular motion a the gravity of the central black hole is approximately balanced by the centrifugal force of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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as disk particles reach the marginally stable circular orbit a the gravity of the central black hole becomes to dominate over the centrifugal force and the particles begin to nearly free a fall inwardly a the motion of fluid particles in the plunging region quickly becomes supersonic then the particles loose causal contact with the disk a as a result the torque at the inner boundary of the disk is approximately zero a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
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840
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper models that seek to unify by las and low a power radio galaxies predict that the two types of object should show similar isotopically emitted a a ray emission a testing this is usually limited by difficulties in separating strong a a ray emission from a by lac nucleus and surrounding low a surface brightness emission a in this paper we report rosa fri observations of the by lac object pcs 0521 a we are able to separate a luminous extended a a ray component from the bright nucleus a using a new radio map a we show that it is unlikely that the extended emission is due to inverse a compton scattering of photons from the active nucleus a and instead interpret it as thermal emission from dense a rapidly cooling gas a this is a more extreme environment than is found in typical fri radio galaxies a and may pose a problem for unified models a a a rays a galaxies galaxies a individual a pcs 0521 galaxies a active a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in unified models for radio sources a by lac objects are the low a power radio galaxies whose jets are the most highly beamed along our line of sight a edge browne 1983 a antonucci a ulvestad 1985 a rich 1989 a curry a padova 1995 a a their rapid variability a apparent superluminal motion a strong point a like emission in radio a optical and a a ray a and the detection of some sources in -rays a are all explained if we are seeing emission from a relativistic jet closely aligned with our line of sight a low a power radio galaxies then represent the a parent population a of unaligned objects whose jets are less favourably aligned of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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these low a power radio galaxies are likely mostly to be fanaroff a riley a 1974 a class i a fri a objects a but the parent population may also include some transitional objects and low a excitation fri radio galaxies a an important test of this unified model is the degree to which the isotropic a alignment a independent a properties of by las are similar to those of the parent population of radio galaxies a
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841
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present the results from a multi a epoch survey of two regions of my using the 3.5 a win telescope a the inner field is located close to the centre of the galaxy a with the outer region situated about pc away in the southern spiral arm a allowing us to sample a large metallicity range a we have data for 167 fundamental mode cepheid in the two regions a the reddening a free wesenheit magnitude period a luminosity relations were used to establish the distance modulus of each region a with and a the apparent discrepancy between these two results can be explained by the significant metallicity gradient of the galaxy a we determine a value for the metallicity parameter of the period luminosity relation a a consistent with previous measurements a this leads to a metallicity corrected distance modulus to my of mag a catalogues cepheid galaxies a individual a my galaxies a distances and redshifts a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article cepheid variables have been used to determine galactic distances for many decades a edge excite a excite and references therein a a the relationship between their period of pulsation and luminosity has been considered to be well defined at several times during its lifetime a however a the effect of the cepheid a chemical composition on the period a luminosity a pm a relation has never been adequately determined a leaving the relation open to systematic uncertainties that have not been fully investigated a proper calibration of this relation is essential not just to explain how metallicity affects the pulsations of cepheid a but to tie down the zero point of the extra a galactic distance scale and thus properly measure the hubble constant a metallicity and differential absorption will both change stellar colours excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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theoretical models a edge a show that the metal content of a cepheid will affect the derived distance modulus a if a star of an unknown metallicity is at an undetermined distance then it is difficult to untangle these two effects on the stars colours a
|
842
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper low a complexity near a optimal detection of large a memo signals has attracted recent research a recently a we proposed a local neighbourhood search algorithm a namely a reactive tab search a a its a algorithm a as well as a factor a graph based a belief propagation a a by a algorithm for low a complexity large a memo detection a the motivation for the present work arises from the following two observations on the above two algorithms a its works for general -qam a although its was shown to achieve close to optimal performance for 4-qam in large dimensions a significant performance improvement was still possible for higher a order am a edge a 16- and 64-qam a a by also was shown to achieve near a optimal performance for large dimensions a but only for alphabet a in this paper a we improve the large a memo detection performance of higher a order am signals by using a hybrid algorithm that employs its and by a in particular a motivated by the observation that when a detection error occurs at the its output a the least significant bits a lab a of the symbols are mostly in error a we propose to first reconstruct and cancel the interference due to bits other than lbs at the its output and feed the interference cancelled received signal to the by algorithm to improve the reliability of the lbs a the output of the by is then fed back to its for the next iteration a our simulation results show that in a a a blast system a the proposed its a by algorithm performs better than its by about 3.5 do at encoded be and by about 2.5 do at rate-3/4 turbo coded be with 64-qam at the same order of complexity as its a we also illustrate the performance of large a memo detection in frequency a selective fading channels a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article multiple a input multiple a output a memo a systems with large number a edge a tens a of transmit and receive antennas a referred to as a large a memo systems a a are of interest because of the high capacities a spectral efficiencies theoretically predicted in these systems, a research in low a complexity receive processing a edge a memo detection a techniques that can lead to practical realization of large a memo systems is both nascent as well as promising a for edge a not doom has already field demonstrated a a a blast system operating at a gaps data rate and of bps a he spectral efficiency in a ghz band at a mobile speed of of pm a or excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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evolution of wifi standards a evolution from free 802.11n to free 802.11ac to achieve multi a gigabit rate transmissions in a ghz band a now considers memo operation a see memo indoor channel sounding measurements at a ghz reported in excite for consideration in wifi standards a also a memo channel sounding measurements at a ghz in indoor environments have been reported in excite a
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843
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper disk galaxies contain a large amount of interstellar dust a which affects the projection of kinematic quantities a we investigate in detail the effects of dust extinction on the mean projected velocity and the projected velocity dispersion a we use our results to construct a general strategy to determine the dynamical structure of disk galaxies a with the aim to constrain their mass distribution and dynamical history a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the knowledge of the dynamics of disk galaxies is essential in order to understand their structure and history a unfortunately a disk galaxies are difficult systems to model dynamically a for several reasons a one of them is the presence of a large amount of interstellar dust a which obscures the light along the lines a of a sight a using extended radiative transfer models please generate the next two sentences of the article
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it is nowadays possible to recover quite accurately the three a dimensional light and dust distribution in disk galaxies a kylafis a bacall 1987 a xilouris it al a 1999 a a but also the observed kinematics are affected by dust obscuration
|
844
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper a new path a integral theory is developed to calculate the photoemission spectra a pes a of correlated many a electron systems a the application to the study on bi a bi2212 a and boron a doped diamond a add a is discussed in details a it is found that the isotopic shift in the angle a resolved photoemission spectra of bi2212 is due to the off a diagonal quadratic electron a phonon a -ph a coupling a whereas the presence of electron a electron repulsion partially suppresses this effect a for the add a a semiconductor a metal phase transition a which is induced by increasing the -ph coupling and depart concentration a is reproduced by our theory a additionally a the presence of fermi edge and phonon step a like structure in pes is found to be due to a co a existence of itinerant and localized electronic states in add a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the role of electron a phonon a -ph a interaction in the high- superconductivity has received considerable attention since the discovery of oxygen isotope effect of bi a bi2212 a in the angle a resolved photoemission spectra a arpes a the experimental data show that electronic band is shifted slightly with the/ substitution a signifying the existence of -ph interplay in curates a besides a theoretically clarifying this effect is of great significance a for the energy scale of shifts reported by the two groups in refs a excite and excite seem quite inconsistent with each other a and many questions still remain up to now a in order to have an insight into the isotope effect a in this work a we develop a new path a integral theory to calculate the photoemission spectra a pes a of curate superconductors a in which the electron a electron aa and -ph correlations are treated on an equal footing a this theory is also applicable to other kind correlated materials a as an example a here a we also study the pes of boron a doped diamond a add a a which undertakes a semiconductor a metal phase transition on doping a and becomes a superconductor with the temperature decreases of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the details of our theory will be presented in the next section a in connection with the study on isotope effect a calculation and discussion on pes of add are included in section a a
|
845
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we calculate the phase a the temperature and the junction length dependence of the supercurrent for ballistic grapheme josephson a junctions a for low temperatures we find non a sinusoidal dependence of the supercurrent on the superconductor phase difference for both short and long junctions a the skewness a which characterizes the deviation of the current a phase relation from a simple sinusoidal one a shows a linear dependence on the critical current for small currents a we discuss the similarities and differences with respect to the classical theory of josephson junctions a where the weak link is formed by a diffusive or ballistic metal a the relation to other recent theoretical results on grapheme josephson junctions is pointed out and the possible experimental relevance of our work is considered as well a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the peculiar electronic properties of grapheme first observed experimentally by gem it al a excite and hang it al a excite can accurately be described by massless two dimensional dirac fermion excitations a for reviews on the physics of grapheme see a egg a refs a a a owing to the proximity effect a superconductor can induce non a zero pair a potential in the grapheme as well of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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such grapheme a superconductor hybrid structures and in particular the andrew a reflection taking place at the grapheme a superconductor interface was first studied theoretically by beenakker excite a for a review on andrew reflection in grapheme see ref a a a soon after beenakker a pioneering work a supercurrent between two superconducting electrodes on top of a grapheme monolayer has been observed experimentally by herschel a it al a a and later in refs a a
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846
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper several interesting correlations among gamma ray bursts a grab a prompt and afterglow properties have been found in the recent years a some of these correlations have been proposed also to standardize grab energetics to use them as standard candles in constraining the expansion history of the universe up to a however a given the still unexplained nature of most of these correlations a only the less scattered correlations can be used for constraining the cosmological parameters a the updated correlation is presented a caveats of alternative methods of standardizing grab energetics are discussed a address a inf a osservatorio astronomic i breda a via of branch of a i-23807 berate a la a a italy a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article different cosmological probes seem to point toward a consensus scenario characterized by a universe which is experiencing an accelerated expansion a standard candles a sonia a edge excite a a standard rulers a clusters a cab and bad a edge excite a and the angular power spectrum of the cab a edge excite a are used to probe the hubble expansion flow up to redshifts a a a a by means of sonia or clusters a or up to the epoch of recombination a through the cab anisotropies a a gamma ray bursts are observed up to very high redshifts a the farthest is grb080913c at z=6.7 excite a among grabs with known redshifts a 45% are at and of at of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the high grab luminosity a 10 erg a and their detection in the band makes them attractive as a potential and complementary cosmological tool to constrain the cosmological models at a however a the problem is that grabs are all but standard candles excite a their isotropic equivalent energetics and luminosities span a a a orders of magnitudes a similarly to sonia a it has been proposed to use correlations between various properties of the prompt emission excite and also of the afterglow emission excite to standardize grab energetics a
|
847
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper using for a mounted on queen a ute of the vat a a we have obtained the redshift of the lensing galaxy in the gravitational lens system a we measure a in good agreement with previous estimates based on the time delay and the position of the lens on the fundamental plane a it also coincides with one of the metal line absorption systems that are seen in high resolution spectra of a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article was discovered as part of the hamburg a so quasar survey and was first identified as a gravitational lens candidate by wisotzki it al a a excite a a it consists of two lenses images of a radio a quiet quasar at = 2.319 that are separated by. 2 of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the lensing galaxy was discovered from ground based near a in a cousin a lima a again a excite a and hot optical observations a rely it al a excite a hereafter re a and is a from the brighter quasar image a component a a a from a spectrophotometry monitoring program that lasted several years a wisotzki it al a a excite a hereafter was a measured a time delay of 0.73 years between the two components a to convert this into an estimate of the hubble constant
|
848
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present a new analysis of the properties of star a forming cores in the perseus molecular cloud a identified in scuba 850data originally presented by excite a our goal is to determine which core properties can be robustly identified and which depend on the extraction technique a four regions in the cloud are examined a not 1333 a ic348/hh211 a l1448 and l1455 a we identify clumps of dust emission using two popular automated algorithms a find and gaussclumps a finding of and 122 clumps in total respectively a using the catalogues of excite a we separate these clumps into starless a class a and class i cores a some trends are true for both populations a clumps become increasingly elongated over time a clumps are consistent with constant surface brightness objects a item a a with an average brightness times larger than the surrounding molecular cloud a the clump mass distribution a cd a resembles the stellar initial mass function a with a slope for find and for gaussclumps a which straddle the salter value a a a the mass at which the slope shallows a similar for both algorithms at a implies a star a forming efficiency of between of and per cent a other trends reported elsewhere depend critically on the clump a finding technique a we find protostellar clumps are both smaller a for gaussclumps a and larger a for find a than their starless counterparts a the functional form a best a fitting to the cd a is different for the two algorithms a the gaussclumps cd is best a fitted with a log a normal distribution a whereas a broken power law is best for find a the reported lack of massive starless cores in previous studies a e.g. a can be seen in the find but not the gaussclumps data a our approach a exploiting two extraction techniques a highlights similarities and differences between the clump populations a illustrating the caution that must be exercised when comparing results from different studies and. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article stars form out of gas in the densest areas of molecular clouds a early studies of molecular cloud structure a edge excite a concluded that a division into discrete clumps of emission was the best description a within such clumps a star formation occurs inside denser cores excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a growing consensus now maintains that molecular clouds have a scale a free structure governed by turbulence a e.g. a a with clumps only an arbitrary categorization a we may reconcile these viewpoints to some extent a the clump population has a power a law spectrum of mass implying the overall cloud has a similar distribution a edge excite a a
|
849
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper combining insights from the study of type refinement systems and of toroidal closed chiralities a we show how to reconstruct lawyer a hyperdoctrine of preserves using a full and faithful embedding into a toroidal closed bifibration living now over the compact closed category of small categories and distributors a besides revealing dualities which are not immediately apparent in the traditional presentation of the preheat hyperdoctrine a this reconstruction leads us to an axiomatic treatment of directed equality predicates a modelled by preserves a a realizing a vision initially set out by lawyer a 1970 a a it also leads to a simple calculus of string diagrams a representing preserves a that is highly reminiscent of cd so peirce a existential graphs for predicate logic a refining an earlier interpretation of existential graphs in terms of boolean hyperdoctrines by brady and tremble a finally a we illustrate how this work extends to a bifibrational setting a number of fundamental ideas of linear logic a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article a a an a intriguing a discrepancy a a a an intriguing discrepancy a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a there is an intriguing and longrunning discrepancy in categorical logic between the way conjunction is coupled to implication in cartesian closed categories a and the way existential quantification is coupled to universal quantification in hyperdoctrines a in a cartesian closed category a every object induces an adjunction where the implication function is right adjoint to the conjunction function this categorical situation should be compared with the way quantification is handled in a hyperdoctrine a recall that a hyperdoctrine in the sense of lawyer is first of all a a pseudo a function from a base category to the category of small categories and functions of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the intuition behind this definition is that every object of the category is assigned a of category of predicates of noted a and every morphine of induces a function called of substitution of along a the leading example of a hyperdoctrine is the of subset hyperdoctrine of with basis the category of sets and functions a equipped with the powered function which transports every set to the set of subsets of ordered by inclusion a
|
850
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in human societies a people a willingness to compete and strive for better social status as well as being envious of those perceived in some way superior lead to social structures that are intrinsically hierarchical a here we propose an agent a based a network model to mimic the ranking behaviour of individuals and its possible repercussions in human society a the main ingredient of the model is the assumption that the relevant feature of social interactions is each individual a keenness to maximise his or her status relative to others a the social networks produced by the model are homophilous and assortative a as frequently observed in human communities and most of the network properties seem quite independent of its size a however a it is seen that for small number of agents the resulting network consists of disjoint weakly connected communities while being highly assortative and homophobic a on the other hand larger networks turn out to be more cohesive with larger communities but less homophobic a we find that the reason for these changes is that larger network size allows agents to use new strategies for maximizing their social status allowing for more diverse links between them a community formation a opinion formation a social hierarchy a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article one of the most pervasive tendencies of humans is putting things in ranking order a in human societies these tendencies are reflected in their social interactions and networks being hierarchical in many respects a hierarchies and ranks emerge due to individuals subjective perceptions that some other individuals are in some respect better a then a relevant research question is whether or not the formation and structure of hierarchies in human societies can be understood by making the assumption that the dominant driving force of people in social interactions is to enhance their own of value of or of status of relative to others of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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we call this assumption of better than a hypothesis of a both a and note that it is closely related to the thinking of the school of individual psychology founded by adler in the early 1900s excite a which a while starting with the assumption that human individuals universally strive for of superiority of over others a emphasizes inferiority avoidance as a motive for many human actions a further studies of this kind of individuals status a seeking behaviour a especially concerning consumer behaviour and economics a include the canonical references by veblen excite a duesenberry excite and packard excite a see also refs excite a a in addition there is a closely related sociological model called social dominance theory excite a which proposes that the construction and preservation of social hierarchies is one of the main motivations of humans in their social interactions and networks a
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851
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper at low temperatures a phonon scattering can become so weak that phonon transport becomes ballistic a we calculate the ballistic phonon conductance for membranes using elasticity theory a considering the transition from three to two dimensions a we discuss the temperature and thickness dependence and especially concentrate on the issue of material parameters a for all membrane thicknesses a the best conductors have a counter a intuitively a the a lowest a speed of sound a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article recent advances in nanoscience are expanding the limits of photonic thermal transport a both in the low conductance and high conductance side excite a the highest thermal conductance of a particular material is achieved a when the photons do not scatter at all a this is the ballistic transport limit a at room temperature the ballistic limit is quite hard to achieve a but at low temperatures a a few a and below a phonon a phonon and phonon a impurity scattering become so weak that ballistic transport can be observed excite a and the emitted power has the typical stefan a boltzmann form excite summing over the different phonon modes with speeds of sound and radiator emissivities of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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in addition to bulk samples a ballistic phonon transport was also observed for thin amorphous sin membranes recently excite a at low temperatures a the dominant thermal phonon wavelength becomes comparable to the membrane thickness a for a a a membrane this happens at a leading to an effectively cd phonon gas a
|
852
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper polarization properties of turbulent stochastically inhomogeneous ultrarelativistic red plasma are studied a it is shown that the sign of nonlinear turbulent landau damping corresponds to an instability of the snakelike modes and a for sufficiently large turbulent fields a to an actual instability of a system a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article working out a quantitative description of the properties of dense strongly interacting matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions presents one of the most fascinating problems in high energy physics a the simplest a albeit not unique a way of putting the experimental data from chic excite and lac excite into a coherent framework is to describe the essential physics of these collisions as a hydrodynamical expansion of primordial quark a gluon matter that a after a short transient period a reaches sufficient level of local equilibration allowing the usage of hydrodynamics a the features of the experimentally observed energy flow a in particular the presence of a strong elliptic flow a suggest early equilibration of the initially produced matter and small shear viscosity of the expanding fluid a see edge the discussion in excite and excite devoted to chic and lac results respectively a can stylized features of primordial quark a gluon matter a in particular its anomalously low viscosity a be described within a weakly coupled theory a item as a plasma composed of quasiparticles with the quantum numbers of quarks and gluons a to address this question let us recall that extensive experimental studies of of ordinary of electromagnetic plasma has demonstrated a see edge excite a that it is practically never observed in the state of textbook thermal equilibrium of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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realistic description of the properties of experimentally observed red plasma is possible only through taking into account the presence a in addition to thermal excitations a of randomly excited fields a the resulting state was termed a
|
853
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper electrons and holes in clean a charge a neutral grapheme behave like a strongly coupled relativistic liquid a the thermos a electric transport properties of the interacting dirac quasiparticles are rather special a being constrained by an emergent lorentz covariance at hydrodynamic frequency scales a at small carrier density and high temperatures a grapheme exhibits signatures of a quantum critical system with an inelastic scattering rate set only by temperature a a conductivity with a nearly universal value a solely due to electron a hole friction a and a very low viscosity a in this regime one finds pronounced deviations from standard fermi liquid behavior a these results a obtained by boltzmann transport theory at weak electron a electron coupling a are fully consistent with the predictions of relativistic hydrodynamics a interestingly a very analogous behavior is found in certain strongly coupled relativistic liquids a which can be analysed exactly via the ads a cut correspondence a and which had helped identifying and establishing the peculiar properties of grapheme a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article single layer grapheme is a zero a gap semiconductor whose low energy quasiparticles obey the massless dirac equation excite a at charge neutrality a the fermi surface reduces to two equivalent fermi points a forming a non a analyticity in the density of states a which can be viewed as a rather simple quantum critical point excite a on top of that a however a as a consequence of the linear dispersion of the cd quasiparticles coulomb interactions are unusually strong a they are only marginally irrelevant under renormalization a flowing only logarithmically to zero with decreasing temperature a see excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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this is reflected a edge a in the inelastic scattering rate being proportional to a a a where is the a slowly running a dimensionless of fine structure constant of characterizing the strength of coulomb interactions a where is the dielectric constant of the adjacent medium and is the fermi velocity of the linearly dispersing quasiparticles a this large scattering rate nearly saturates a heisenberg uncertainty principle for quasiparticles excite a according to which the scattering rate is conjectured never to exceed significantly the thermal energy scale a
|
854
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present results from a study of light meson spectra and structure obtained within the framework of light a front cd formulated on a transverse lattice a we discuss how imposing lorentz covariance conditions on meson dispersion relations allows determination of parameters in the transverse lattice hamiltonian a the pion distribution amplitude obtained in this framework is rather close to its asymptotic shape a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article many high energy scattering experiments probe hadron structure very close to the light a cone a hence correlation functions probed in such experiments have a particularly simple physical interpretation in the light a front a of a framework a or infinite momentum frame a a item in a hamiltonian framework where is a time a a for example a parton distribution functions measured in deep a inelastic scattering experiments provide information about the of momentum distribution of quarks in the target hadron of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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off a forward parton distributions a probed in deeply virtual compton scattering a have the interpretation of matrix elements of the of momentum density operator between states of unequal momenta a furthermore a the pion distribution amplitude a relevant for example for the asymptotic pion form factor a can be related to the of wavefunction for the pion in the rock component when and have the same position a
|
855
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper this paper discusses the quantum mechanics of closed timeline curves a cts a and of other potential methods for time travel a we analyse a specific proposal for such quantum time travel a the quantum description of cts based on post a selected teleportation a a a cts a a we compare the theory of a a cts to previously proposed quantum theories of time travel a the theory is physically equivalent to dutch a theory of cts a but it is consistent with path a integral approaches a which are the best suited for analysing quantum field theory in curved peacetime a a we derive the dynamical equations that a chronology a respecting system interacting with a etc will experience a we discuss the possibility of time travel in the absence of general relativistic closed timeline curves a and investigate the implications of a a cts for enhancing the power of computation a einstein a theory of general relativity allows the existence of closed timeline curves a paths through peacetime that a if followed a allow a time traveller whether human being or elementary particle to interact with her former self a the possibility of such closed timeline curves a cts a was pointed out by kurt del excite a and a variety of spacetimes containing closed timeline curves have been proposed excite a reconciling closed timeline curves with quantum mechanics is a difficult problem that has been addressed repeatedly a for example a using path integral techniques excite a this paper explores a particular version of closed timeline curves based on combining quantum teleportation with post a selection a the resulting post a selected closed timeline curves a a a cts a provide a self a consistent picture of the quantum mechanics of time a travel a a a cts offer a theory of closed timeline curves that is physically equivalent to other hilbert a space based theories a edge a that of dutch excite a as in all versions of time travel a closed timeline curves embody apparent paradoxes a such as the grandfather. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article any quantum theory of gravity will have to propose a prescription to deal with the unavoidable excite nonlinearities that plague cts a this requires some sort of modification of the dynamical equations of motions of quantum mechanics that are always linear a dutch in his seminal paper excite proposed one such prescription a based on a self a consistency condition referred to the state of the systems inside the etc of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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dutch a theory has recently been critiqued by several authors as exhibiting self a contradictory features excite a by contrast a although any quantum theory of time travel quantum mechanics is likely to yield strange and counter a intuitive results a a a cts appear to be less pathological excite a they are based on a different self a consistent condition that states that self a contradictory events do not happen a novikov principle excite a a
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856
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we fitted the -kev spectrum of all the observations of the neutron a star low a mass a a ray binary of 1636 taken with the a ross a a ray timing explorer a using a model that includes a thermal comptonisation component a we found that in the low a hard state the power a law index of this component a a gradually increases as the source moves in the colour a colour diagram a when the source undergoes a transition from the hard to the soft state drops abruptly a once the source is in the soft state increases again and then decreases gradually as the source spectrum softens further a the changes in a together with changes of the electron temperature a reflect changes of the optical depth in the corona a the lower kilohertz quasi a periodic oscillation a khz apo a in this source appears only in observations during the transition from the hard to the soft state a when the optical depth of the corona is high and changes depends strongly upon the position of the source in the colour a colour diagram a our results are consistent with a scenario in which the lower khz apo reflects a global mode in the system that results from the resonance between a the disc indoor the neutron a star surface a and the compromising corona a a firstpage a accretion a accretion discs stars a neutron a a rays a binaries stars a individual a of 163653 a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article energy spectra and colour a colour diagrams a cd a are often used to study neutron a star low a mass a a ray binaries a is a lbs a edge a a a a a the evolution of the energy spectrum and the tracks on the cd are thought to be driven by variations of mass accretion rate a and reflect changes in the configuration of the accretion flow a edge a a a a a a a a a a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a a a a a a a a a in the low a hard state
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857
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in our recent paper excite we described a fast cubic a spectrum a estimator of the amplitude of primordial non a gaussianity of local type a a from a combined analysis of the cosmic microwave background a cab a temperature and a a polarization observations a in this paper we generalize the estimator to deal with a partial sky coverage as well as inhomogeneous noise a our generalized estimator is still computationally efficient a scaling as compared to the scaling of the brute force spectrum calculation for sky maps with pixels a upcoming cab experiments are expected to yield high a sensitivity temperature and a a polarization data a our generalized estimator will allow us to optimally utilize the combined cab temperature and a a polarization information from these realistic experiments a and to constrain primordial non a gaussianity a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article non a gaussianity from the simplest inflation models a that are based on a slowly rolling scalar field a is very small excite a however a a very large class of more general models a edge a models with multiple scalar fields a features in inflation potential a non a adiabatic fluctuations a non a canonical kinetic terms a deviations from the bunch a davies vacuum a among others a predict substantially higher level of primordial non a gaussianity a a a a a a for a review and references therein a a primordial non a gaussianity can be described in terms of the point correlation function of bardeen a curvature perturbations a a in fourier space a depending on the shape of the point function a item a a non a gaussianity can be broadly classified into two classes excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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first a the local a of squeezed a of non a gaussianity where is large for the configurations in which a second a the non a local a of equilateral a of non a gaussianity where is large for the configuration when a
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858
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the algebra is a algebra with two free parameters a it consists of a superconformal currents of spins a and a a the algebra is proved to be the symmetry algebra of the coset a at the central charge the algebra coincides with the superconformal algebra associated to manifolds of holonomy a the unitary minimal models of the and their fusion structure are found a the spectrum of unitary representations of the holonomy algebra is obtained a a unitary minimal models of a superconformal algebra and a manifolds of holonomy a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article recently the manifolds of exceptional holonomy attracted much attention a these are dimensional manifolds of holonomy and dimensional manifolds of holonomy a they are considered in the context of the string theory compactifications a the supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models on the manifolds of exceptional holonomy are described by conformal field theories a their superconformal chiral algebras were constructed in excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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we will call them the and superconformal algebras a these are nonlinear a excite a for review see excite a of central charge and respectively a
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859
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present a model for cosmological inflation which has a natural turn on a and a natural turn off a mechanism a in our model inflation is driven by the hawking a like radiation that occurs in friedman a robertson a walker a few a space a time a this hawking a like radiation results in an effective negative pressure fluid a which leads to a rapid period of expansion in the very early universe a as the universe expands the few hawking temperature decreases and the inflationary expansion turns off and makes a natural transition to the power law expansion of a radiation dominated universe a the turn on a mechanism is more speculative a but is based on the common hypothesis that in a quantum theory of gravity at very high temperatures a high densities hawking radiation will stop a applying this speculation to the very early universe implies that the hawking a like radiation of the few space a time will be turned off and therefore the inflation driven by this radiation will turn off a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article cosmological inflation excite excite excite excite was proposed to address the horizon problem a flatness problem and monopole problem in the context of big bang cosmology a by postulating that in the early universe there was a brief period of rapid a exponential expansion one can explain a without fine a tuning a the observed facts that the universe is the same in different regions which are causally disconnected a the horizon problem a a the universe appears to be spatially flat a the flatness problem a and that there appears to be a much lower density of grand unified monopoles than one would naively expect a however a the inflation hypothesis itself has several unanswered questions a a i a what is the detailed mechanism for inflation of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a ii a what precedes the inflationary phase or how does inflation turn on a a a iii a how does the universe make a graceful exit from this early a inflationary phase to standard friedman a robertson a walker a few a radiation dominated expansion item how does inflation turn off a a in many of the original models excite excite excite inflationary expansion
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860
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the alice experiment at the corn large hadron collider a lac a will allow the study of resonance production in nucleus a nucleus and proton a proton collisions a this paper presents results based on physics performance studies to discuss prospects in alice for 1020 a meson production in up interactions during the lac startup a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article alice is a general a purpose heavy ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark gluon plasma a up a in nucleus a nucleus collisions at the lac excite a resonances a in particular the meson a are useful probes to study the high density medium created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions a the harmonic cross section associated with the meson is small a which makes this particle rather insensitive to the presence of other hadrons in the late stage of the collision of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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therefore a the production of mesons has been suggested as a signature for strangeness production mechanisms owing to an early harmonic phase excite a preliminary results from the star collaboration suggest that such mechanisms might have been observed at chic energies when comparing the yields obtained in a a a collisions a and more recently in cd a cd collisions a with those obtained in up collisions excite a
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861
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper a method to calculate the statistics of energy exchange between quantum systems is presented a the generating function of this statistics is expressed through a keldysh path integral a the method is first applied to the problem of heat dissipation from a biased mesoscopic conductor into the adjacent reservoirs a we then consider energy dissipation in an electrical circuit around a mesoscopic conductor a we derive the conditions under which measurements of the fluctuations of heat dissipation can be used to investigate higher order cumulate of the charge counting statistics of a mesoscopic conductor a during the second decade of mesoscopic physics there has been an increasing interest in thermal phenomena a several experiments succeeded in measuring properties of heat transport in mesoscopic samples a experimental tools based on the coulomb blockade to measure accurately local temperatures in mesoscopic samples have been established excite a it has been demonstrated that the heat conductance through one a dimensional phonon modes of a micro bridge is quantized at low temperatures excite a the universal heat conductance per mode is given by a the same universal heat quantum is also found for carriers other than bosons a see excite and refs a therein a a thermopower was experimentally investigated for a quantum dot in the coulomb blockade regime excite and for multiwalled carbon nanotube excite a the andrew reflection process is ineffective for heat transport and has been employed to measure thermopower in andrew interferometers a the thermopower depends on the magnetic flux and shows geometry dependent time inversion properties excite a all these experiments have in common that they investigate mean properties averaged over time a in electrical transport a however a noise measurements have become a very useful tool to study properties of non a equilibrium systems which are hidden in measurements of the mean current a for a review see excite a a a recent milestone. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article we study the statistics of the exchange of energy between two subvolumes and of a quantum system a we assume that no degrees of freedom leave or enter and that is coupled to only through one degree of freedom a shall be coupled to the variable in a see fig of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a bar a a a generalization of our approach to more than one coupling variable is straightforward a
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862
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we discuss the systematic uncertainties in the recovery of dark energy properties from the use of baryon acoustic oscillations as a standard ruler a we demonstrate that while unknown relativistic components in the universe prior to recombination would alter the sound speed a the inferences for dark energy from low a redshift surveys are unchanged so long as the microwave background anisotropies can measure the redshift of matter a radiation equality a which they can do to sufficient accuracy a the mismeasurement of the radiation and matter densities themselves a as opposed to their ratio a would manifest as an incorrect prediction for the hubble constant at low redshift a in addition a these anomalies do produce subtle but detectable features in the microwave anisotropies a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in standard cosmology a the acoustic oscillations imprinted in the matter power spectrum at recombination have a length scale that can be accurately calculated based on measurements of the cab anisotropy power spectrum excite a it should then be possible to measure this of standard ruler of scale at low redshifts a for example in large galaxy redshift surveys a and thereby constrain the matter and energy content of the universe excite a however a if the cab measurements were misled by some new physics a edge a new undetected relativistic particle a then the misinterpretation could potentially spread to the low a redshift application and bias the inferences a here please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a we show that the interpretation of the low a redshift acoustic oscillations are robust if the cab correctly tells us the baryon a to a photon ratio and the epoch of matter a radiation equality a these quantities are robustly measured in the cab a the actual densities of matter and radiation drop out of the calculation a only their ratio matters a
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863
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in this paper a we prove some bio end a point estimates for some vector a valued multilinear operators related to certain singular integral operators a a theore-proof of theorem a a theoree-proof of theorem a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article let and be the calder sigmund singular integral operator a the commutator a a generated by and is defined as fx=bxtfx-tbfx$ a a by using a classical result of coleman a it al a excite a we know that the commutator a a is bounded on for of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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chenille excite proves a similar result when is replaced by the fractional integral operator a however a it was observed that the commutator is not bounded a in general a from to for excite a in excite a
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864
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper nanoscale materials display enhanced strength and toughness but also larger fluctuations and more pronounced size effects with respect to their macroscopic counterparts a here we study the system size a dependence of the failure strength distribution of a monolayer grapheme sheet with a small concentration of vacancies by molecular dynamics simulations a we simulate sheets of varying size encompassing more than three decades and systematically study their deformation as a function of disorder a temperature and loading rate a we generalize the weakest a link theory of fracture size effects to rate and temperature dependent failure and find quantitative agreement with the simulations a our numerical and theoretical results explain the crossover of the fracture strength distribution between a thermal and rate a dependent regime and a disorder a dominated regime described by extreme value theory a nanomaterials have remarkable mechanical properties a such as enhanced strength and toughness excite a but display considerable size effects and sample a to a sample fluctuations a which represent an issue for engineering applications a our current understanding of fracture size a effects in macroscopic disordered media relies on extreme value theory which relates the strength to the statistics of the weakest region in the sample excite a while the theory does not consider the effect of stress concentrations and crack interactions a numerical models for the failure of elastic networks with disorder show that an extreme value distribution describes failure at large enough scales a although the form usually deviates from the standard weill distribution excite a understanding size effects in nanomaterials is still an intriguing open issue also because of the presence of rate a dependent thermal effects that would invalidate the weakest a link hypothesis excite a yet a the weill distribution is commonly used to fit experimental data in carbon based nanomaterials excite a although the tensile. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article we perform numerical simulations of the deformation and failure of defected monolayer grapheme using the lamps molecular dynamics simulator package excite a the carbon a carbon atom interaction is modelled with the of adaptive intermolecular reactive bond order of a aires a potential excite a in order to simulate a realistic bond failure behavior a the shortest a scale adaptive cutoff of the aires potential has to be fine a tuned excite a as detailed in appendix a sec a potential a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the simulated system consists of single layer a monocrystalline grapheme sheets a composed of a variable number of atoms a varies from approximately to atoms a the sheets are prepared by placing the atoms on a hexagonal lattice a the characteristic lattice length scale is chosen so that the system is initially in an equilibrium configuration a
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865
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the cohesive energies of solids calculated using male eos proposed by sun jiuxun a sun jiuxun a of phys a a condemns a matter of a l103 a 2005 a a are seen to be erroneous a also we observed that the thermodynamic properties calculated using the male potential diverge for materials whose pressure derivative of bulk modulus at equilibrium is less than a thus the male potential can not be used in liquid state theories and molecular simulations to obtain thermodynamic properties a sun jiuxun excite recently suggested an equation of stateless a based on modified generalized leonard a jones a male a potential a the male eos is obtained by modifying the generalized leonard a jones potential in such a way that the eos obtained is volume analytic and satisfies spinal condition a the male eos has three parameters and are related to lattice parameter a bulk modulus and derivative of the bulk modulus at equilibrium a in the paper it was shown that the pressure a a a is compression ratio curve obtained using the male eos is quite accurate a the idea of generating an eos starting from a potential is interesting and has the advantage that the potential of the material also can be known in addition to the eos a however a we found some problems with the male eos and the potential so obtained from it a they are a a a a the cohesive energy calculated from the male eos is quite erroneous and a a a the thermodynamic properties calculated using the male potential with parameters of sun diverge for most of the materials a details about each problem are as follows a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the total energy formula obtained by sun is a a where is the total energy per atom a and are the equilibrium bulk modulus and equilibrium volume respectively a and are parameters and are related by the following relations a a a which are obtained by imposing the volume analyticity condition a since in this case the energy of the free atoms is zero a cohesive energy of the solid at is the energy at which the is minimum which happens to be at a thus the formula for cohesive energy turns out to be also a it turns out that of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the values of a and are listed for various materials in the paper a cohesive energies calculated from the above formula are quite erroneous
|
866
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the topological basis associated with airman a well a murasaki algebra a bema a is constructed and the three dimensional forms of braiding matrices a have been found for both and a a familiar spin- model related to braiding matrix associated with bema is discussed a the extreme points and of -norm and on newman entropy are shown to be connected to each other a through the general discussion and examples we then point out that the -norm describes quantum entanglement a in the ref. two types of braiding matrices with two distinct eigenvalues a i a a a those associated with tempered a lib algebra a tla and their corresponding solutions of yang a baxter equation a ybe had been discussed a based on the topological basis excite the -dimensional braiding operators were mapped onto dimensional ones excite a we had shown that the two types of braiding matrices are related to the extremes of -norm of wigner a a a function a especially the -d braiding matrix corresponding the bell basis a the type a ii a is connected to the maximum of the -norm a whereas the permutation and extensions a the type a i a to the minimum a it hints that the -norm should relate to the quantum information a it is natural to extend the discussions in the ref. to the solution of be with three distinct eigenvalues a among them a the most important ones belong to airman a well a murasaki algebra bwma a a as is well a known that the forms of braiding matrices with three distinct eigenvalues were given by references a say in excite a and the connection with bema was shown in ref. for both standard and non a standard solutions a in parallel to the ref. a in this paper we shall firstly set up the topological base a a and associated with bema a then map the -d braiding matrices to -d forms a the physical application of bema is raised through. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article for self a contain the bema relations have been given in the appendix a through the graphs for three states a denoting the eigenvalues of a braiding matrix with three eigenvalues by a a and a where satisfies braid relation and without loss of generality by setting the eigenvalues of to be a and with we have for with three distinct eigenvalues a defining a a eq1.3 a a becomes where and occupy and sites and satisfy the relations shown in appendix a a in of they form bpm algebra a noting that a loop takes the value following the philosophy for to a a algebra to set up the topological basis and excite a we shall find the uni a orthogonal basis a and for and such that with cross erik a k+1=, d== a a where the eigenvalues may be complex of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the graphic expressions excite of bema are shown in appendix a to satisfy all the relations for bema the base takes the forms a tsep|e-i&=&f-i a i=1,2a a in terms of the graphic calculations excite it can be proved that the a a eq1.7 a a together with lead to the constraints to the parameters a and normalization constant a and ^1/2 a a a for a item a herminia a a whereas for a item a unitary a a the a a eq1.12 a a takes the same form for being herminia or unitary a
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867
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we investigate triphoton signals of the randall a sunday model at the large hadron collider a such a signal can be an important probe to the is model as these are relatively cleaner from the harmonic activity and bear significant rate a the corresponding standard model background has also been studied in detail a we also show that a clear graviton reconstruction is possible in such signal a a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article phenomenology of models based on extra spatial dimensions excite is quite popular now a besides offering a solution to the hierarchy problem of the standard model excite these models allow for the low a energy unification of the gauge couplings excite a provide a rich tel scale new physics phenomenology a existence of gravity at the tel scale and may even offer candidates a for the cold dark matter of the universe excite a in the simplest string theory inspired extension of the standard model a so a based on one extra spatial dimension a originally proposed by randell a sunday a is a excite a gravitons are the only propagating particles in the bulk a such gravitons will therefore have kaluga a klein a kkt a excitations which will appear in experiments as a widely separated resonances of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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this contrasts with the kkt spectrum of models with compact extra dimensions such as add excite where there are a very large number of closely spaced graviton modes a the coupling of these graviton excitations to the so is through the and reduced planck mass a which may be on the tel scale a rather than the inaccessible large planck mass at get a
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868
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper based on the self a consistent scheme beyond mean a field approximation in the large expansion a including current quark mass explicitly a a general scheme of such a nil model is developed a to ensure the quark self a energy expanded in the proper order of a an approximate internal meson propagator is deduced a which is in order of a in our scheme a adopting the method of external momentum expansion a all the feynman diagrams are calculated in a unified way by only expanding the quark propagator a our numerical results show a that different from the mean field approximation in which the explicitly chiral symmetry breaking is invisible a the effect of finite pion mass can be seen clearly when beyond mean a field approximation a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article as we all know a chiral symmetry breaking was originally explained quite well by name a jon a casino a nil a model as early as 1961 excite a like in superconductivity a the strong attractive force between quark and antiquary in the channel can create non a perturbative ground state with condensation a due to the pair condensation a the original symmetry between massless left and right a handed quarks is broken down to a and then the quarks obtain constituent mass a the remaining residual interactions between the constituent quarks bind them into collective excitations a item a hadrons in the chiral symmetry breaking vacuum a especially in the pseudoscalar channel the residual strong interaction creates massless pions as goldstone bosons in the chiral limit a when a small current quark mass is introduced in the theory a chiral symmetry please generate the next two sentences of the article
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is explicitly broken a and pion obtains its small physical mass a although the nil model has two serious drawbacks a item a lacks of confinement and renormalizability a it is still regarded as an applicable model at low momentum a especially for dealing with processes of pion a such as pion a pion scattering near threshold a
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869
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper a robust thermodynamic argument shows that a small reduction of the effective coupling constant of red greatly enhances the low energy compton scattering cross section and that the thomson scattering length is connected to a fundamental scale a a discussion provides a possible quantum interpretation of this enormous sensitivity to changes in the effective coupling constant a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the process of the energy interchange between radiation and matter provided by compton scattering is relevant in many areas of physics a for example a in cosmology it keeps the matter at the same temperature as radiation excite a compton scattering is also a unique spectroscopy for condensed matter physics a which has acquired greater importance with the advent of modern synchrotron sources excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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for instance a it has been used to extract information about wave functions of valence electrons in a variety of systems ranging from ice excite and water excite to alloys excite and correlated electron systems excite a moreover a compton scattering can potentially help delineate confinements excite and spin polarization effects excite in nanoparticles a
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870
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper transfer a ionization in fast collisions between a bare ion and an atom a in which one of the atomic electrons is captured by the ion whereas another one is emitted a crucially depends on dynamic electron a electron correlations a we show that in collisions with a highly charged ion a strong field of the ion has a very profound effect on the correlated channels of transfer a ionization a in particular a this field weakens electron emission into the direction opposite to the motion of the ion and strongly suppresses the emission perpendicular to this motion a instead a electron emission is redirected into those parts of the momentum space which are very weakly populated in fast collisions with low charged ions a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article electron a electron interaction is responsible for very many phenomena studied by the different fields of physics ranging from astrophysics to biophysics a amongst them atomic physics and its part physics of ion a atom collisions often deal with most basic and clear manifestations of this interaction a atomic excitation and ionizationa projectile a electron excitation and lossa excite a electron transfer a capture a excite a excite and pair production excite abelong to the elementary reactions occurring when a projectile a ion collides with a target a atom of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a combination of these reactions in a single a collision event is also possible and in such a case the electron a electron interaction during the collision when the external field is rapidly changing a dynamic electron correlations a is often crucial a in particular a mutual ionization in which both a target a atom and a a partially stripped a projectile a ion eject electrons a and transfer a ionization in which one of the atomic electrons is captured by a projectile a ion whereas another one is emitted a represent processes where dynamic electron correlations play a crucial rolea excite a excite aa
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871
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the diffusive properties in velocity fields whose small scales are parametrized by non -correlated noise is investigated using multistage technique a the analytical expression of the eddy diffusivity tensor is found for a steady shear flow and it is an increasing function of the characteristic noise correlation time a in order to study a generic flow a a small- expansion is performed and the first correction to the effective diffusion coefficients is evaluated a this is done using two different approaches and it results that at the order the problem with a coloured noise is equivalent to the white a in a time case provided by a renormalization of the velocity field depending on a two examples of closed a streamlines velocity field are considered and in both the cases an enhancement of the diffusion is found a pics numbers a a a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the problem of diffusion in a given velocity field has both theoretical and practical relevance in many different fields of science and engineering as a edge a transport processes in chemical engineering and combustion studies excite a the tracers transport a in particular the evolution of their concentration a plays an important role in many aspects of geophysics a for the oceanic flows a satellite data indicate that the mesoscale features a like eddies and cold filaments a advert temperature and nutrients over spatial and temporal scales longer than those of the geostrophic turbulence of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the diffusion enhancement by a given velocity field has attracted a lot of works in the last years a in particular the role of the velocity field properties has been largely investigated while the effects of small scales parametrization are not understood a in this paper
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872
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive quasielastic a be a electron scattering have been extended to charged a current a cd a and neutral a current a no a -nucleus scattering a the results of different descriptions of final a state interactions a fri a are compared a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article several decades of experimental and theoretical work on electron scattering have provided a wealth of information on nuclear structure and dynamics excite a in these experiments the electron is the probe a whose properties are clearly specified a and the nucleus the target whose properties are under investigation a additional information on nuclear properties is available from -nucleus scattering of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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neutrinos can excite nuclear modes inaccessible in electron scattering a can give information on the harmonic weak current and on the strange form factors of the nucleon a although of great interest a such studies are not the only aim of many neutrino experiments a which are better devised for a precise determination of neutrino properties a in neutrino oscillation experiments nuclei
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873
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in view of the forthcoming results on pair production at let a a we emphasize that a direct empirical evidence a on non a trivial properties of the weak vector bosons can be obtained with relatively limited integrated luminosity a an integrated luminosity of at get will be sufficient to provide direct experimental evidence for non a vanishing self a couplings of non a belgian type among the weak vector bosons a an integrated luminosity of at get will provide direct evidence for the existence of an anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the charged vector bosons a by a to 96/11 a hep a ph/9603283 a in kiss a do schildknecht a a university bielefeld a faculty for physio a postfach of of of a d33501 bielefeld a germany a revised version a may 1996 a a section a a with respect to properties of the electroweak vector bosons a there are two salient predictions of the standard electroweak theory excite which lack direct experimental confirmation so far a the non a belgian coupling between the members of the triplet of vector bosons a and a closely connected to it a the anomalous magnetic dipole moment coupling of the charged vector bosons a a from the detailed analysis of the let a precision data there is strong a indirect a evidence excite that indeed the standard couplings are realized in nature a the production of at let a will nevertheless open up a new domain of investigations by providing a direct a tests of the non a belgian structure and the anomalous magnetic dipole moment prediction a limited luminosity will restrict the possibility of precision measurements of the trilinear and the couplings at let a a it is the purpose of the present note to point out that a rather small integrated luminosity at let a a however a will nevertheless be sufficient to provide empirical evidence for the existence of a non a belgian trilinear coupling among the massive vector bosons and for the existence of. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the authors thank so dittmaier for useful discussions a of so la glasgow a null a a of a a 1961 a 579 a so weinberg a phys of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a of a a 1967 a 1264 a a salem a proc a eth nobel symposium a de a
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874
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper computational kernel of the three a dimensional variational data assimilation a cd a var a problem is a linear system a generally solved by means of an iterative method a the most costly part of each iterative step is a matrix a vector product with a very large covariance matrix having gaussian correlation structure a this operation may be interpreted as a gaussian convolution a that is a very expensive numerical kernel a recursive filters a res a are a well known way to approximate the gaussian convolution and are intensively applied in the meteorology a in the oceanography and in forecast models a in this paper a we deal with an oceanographic cd a var data assimilation scheme a named oceania a where the linear system is solved by using the conjugate gradient a go a method by replacing a at each step a the gaussian convolution with res a here we give theoretical issues on the discrete convolution approximation with a first order a st a of a and a third order a ord a of a recursive filters a numerical experiments confirm given error bounds and show the benefits a in terms of accuracy and performance a of the card of a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in recent years a gaussian filters have assumed a central role in image filtering and techniques for accurate measurement excite a the implementation of the gaussian filter in one or more dimensions has typically been done as a convolution with a gaussian kernel a that leads to a high computational cost in its practical application a computational efforts to reduce the gaussian convolution complexity are discussed in excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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more advantages may be gained by employing a a spatially recursive filter a a carefully constructed to mimic the gaussian convolution operator a a recursive filters a res a are an efficient way of achieving a long impulse response a without having to perform a long convolution a initially developed in the context of time series analysis excite a they are extensively used as computational kernels for numerical weather analysis a forecasts excite a digital image processing excite a
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875
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we propose a simple anat for the three generation neutrino mass matrix which is motivated from an so10 a grand unified theory a the anat can be combined with information from neutrino oscillation experiments and bounds on neutrinoless double beta decay to determine the neutrino masses themselves and to reconstruct a with some assumptions a the matrix a a kept a 1=#1pt a by by -makecaption#1#2 tempboxa tempboxa a a a a a a a to a kept su-4240 a 719 a hep a ph/0004105 a a complementary anat for the neutrino mass matrix a a kept deirdre black amir he fariborz a 0.5 pm sarah sri joseph schechter a a department of physics a syracuse university a syracuse a by 13244 a 1130 a us a a a 0.5 pm a abstract a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in the last few years there has been another wave of excitement regarding the question of neutrino masses a this is largely due to the many new experiments testing neutrino oscillations a most notably the positive indications obtained by super kamiokande on atmospheric neutrino oscillations excite a similar indications come from other experiments excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the solar neutrino experiments have for many years provided independent evidence for neutrino oscillations excite a accelerator and reactor experiments have also played an important role a they have furnished strict bounds on neutrino oscillation parameters excite a in the case of the land experiment excite at los alamo evidence for oscillation has been reported a
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876
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper in the conventional quantum mechanics a item a herminia pm a the adiabatic theorem for systems subjected to time periodic fields holds only for bound systems and not for open ones a where ionization and dissociation take place a a do we hone a re ketzmerik a and we john a phys a rev a a a of a a 4045 a 1997 a a a here with the help of the a to a to a formalism combined with the complex scaling method we derive an adiabatic theorem for open systems and provide an analytical criteria for the validity of the adiabatic limit a the use of the complex scaling transformation plays a key role in our derivation a as a numerical example we apply the adiabatic theorem we derived to a cd model hamiltonian of be atom which interacts with strong a monochromatic sine a square laser pulses a we show that the generation of odd a order harmonics and the absence of hyper a roman lines a even when the pulses are extremely short a can be explained with the help of the adiabatic theorem we derived a department of chemistry and minerva center of nonlinear physics in complex systems techno israel institute of technology haifa 32000 a israel a a 03.65.-w a 42.50.hz a 42.65.-ky a 32.80.rm a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article when matter is exposed to intense laser fields a high harmonics a has a of the incident radiation may be produced a usually a only odd harmonics are obtained even when the laser pulses are short a for theoretical and experimental work which demonstrates this see excite and excite a respectively a a since the duration of the pulse in time is inversely proportional to its width in energy space a one may find this result surprising a as one may expect to obtain also a large distribution of frequencies in the scattered field of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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why are only odd harmonics obtained even when the laser pulses are short a for cd lasers a and symmetric field a free potential a using the non a herminia eloquent theory it was proved that only odd harmonics are obtained when the dynamics is controlled by a single resonance eloquent quasienergy a be a state, a when laser pulses are used it was argued that this proof holds since usually the populated resonance states are associated with very different lifetimes and the dynamics is controlled by the resonance state which has the longest lifetime a however a this argument may hold only when the duration of the laser pulses is large enough to enable the decay of the short lived resonances a
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877
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we formulate the nonlinear isovector model in a curved background a and calculate the spherically symmetric solutions for weak and strong coupling regimes a the usual belief that gravity does not have appreciable effects on the structure of solutions will be examined a in the framework of the calculated solutions a by comparing the flat a space and curved a space solutions a it turns out that in the strong coupling regime a gravity has essential effects on the solutions a masses of the self a gravitating solutions are calculated numerically using the holman expression a and its behavior as a function of the coupling constant of the model is studied a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article there has been considerable interest in the localized solutions of the einstein a equations with nonlinear field sources in recent years a excite a excite a excite a excite a excite a a gravitating non a belgian solutions and black holes with yang a mills fields is investigated in excite a such problems were not investigated earlier in the history of or a mainly because of two reasons a a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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it was widely accepted that the gravitational effects are too weak to affect in an essential way the properties of solution solutions of nonlinear field theories a a a the resulting equations are usually formidable such that the ordinary analytical approaches become idle a
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878
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the chemical structure of neutral clouds in low metallicity environments is examined with particular emphasis on the a to and c to co transitions a we observed near a in a a and lines and the line from of dorado and n159/n160 in the large magellanic cloud and from dem a of a dem a of a and i a sec of in the small magellanic cloud a we find that the emission is us a excited and that a weak a emission always exists a in our surveyed regions a toward positions where and a a emission have been detected a using a per code and a radiative transfer code a we simulate the emission of line radiation from spherical clouds and from large planar clouds a because the a a emission and emission arise on the surface of the cloud and the lines are optically thin a these lines are not affected by changes in the relative sizes of the neutral cloud and the bearing core a while the optically thick emission can be strongly affected a the sizes of clouds are estimated by measuring the deviation of co emission strength from that predicted by a planar cloud model of a given size a the average cloud column density and therefore size increases as the metallicity decreases a our result agrees with the photoionization regulated star formation theory by mckee a 1989 a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article stars form in dense a cold molecular clouds a measuring the molecular gas content of the clouds is very important if we are to estimate the star formation efficiency and relate it to the properties of the clouds and to their environments a the total mass a however a can not be measured directly because the lowest levels of from which the observable emission can arise have excitation energies a edge a 500 a a a a too high to be thermally excited in the cold a a a molecular clouds a in the milky way a the line a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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a hereafter a traces the molecular gas content a the conversion factor a a between the column density and the velocity integrated intensity of co has been measured via the viral theorem a a a a a a solomon it al a
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879
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we study a family of graphs related to the -cube a the middle cube graph of parameter is the subgraph of induced by the set of vertices whose binary representation has either or number of ones a the middle cube graphs can be obtained from the well a known odd graphs by doubling their vertex set a here we study some of the properties of the middle cube graphs in the light of the theory of distance a regular graphs a in particular a we completely determine their spectra a eigenvalues and their multiplicities a and associated eigenvectors a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the a -cube a a or -dimensional hypercube a has been extensively studied a nevertheless a many open questions remain a it al a a wrote a comprehensive survey on hypercube graphs excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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recall that the a -cube a has vertex set and -tuples representing vertices are adjacent if and only if they differ in exactly one coordinate a
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880
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper player grapheme hosts valley a chiral one dimensional modes at domain walls between regions of different interlaken potential or stacking order a when such a channel is brought into proximity to a superconductor a the two electrons of a cooper pair which tunnel into it move in opposite directions because they belong to different valleys related by the time a reversal symmetry a this is a kinetic variant of cooper pair splitting a which requires neither coulomb repulsion nor energy filtering but is enforced by the robustness of the valley isospin in the absence of atomic a scale defects a we derive an effective model for the guided modes in proximity to an -wave superconductor a calculate the conductance carried by split and spin a entangled electron pairs a and interpret it as a result of a local a andrew reflection processes a whereas crossed andrew reflection is absent a creating mobile confocal spin a entangled electrons in a transport experiment with the help of superconductor normal junctions has attracted a lot of attention in theory excite and experiment excite because the spin degree of freedom of the electron could serve as a solid a state quit excite a in the existing experiments a the envisaged process where a cooper pair is split over two normal leads is crossed andrew reflection a car a excite a which is enhanced by the repulsive electron a electron interaction on two quantum dots weakly coupled to the superconductor excite or by energy filtering excite a the basic mechanism of these entangles is not very sensitive to the specific material used a item a the underlying band structure a it has been shown that characteristic features of new materials exhibiting dirac a cones like grapheme or topological insulators can be useful for splitting cooper pairs excite a in these proposals a the efficiency of the splitting process a in the absence of interactions a relies on non a protected resonance conditions or the split cooper pair is not spin a entangled due to spin -. and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article here we give the details of the calculation of the proximity induced amplitudes a because the superconductor is only weakly coupled through the tunnel barrier a we can derive an effective cd model via low a order quasi a degenerate perturbation theory a we split into two parts a where is diagonal in the eigenbasis a and a a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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since is diagonal in spin and valley a we suppress the indices in the following a to first order in a and to second order a & int dx^0-p-x a p-yxh-1x a ^0,n'-p-yx a a a a where are the unperturbed free states above the gap with real and at energy a we impose the quantization condition and normalize the extended wavefunctions according to a
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881
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper our paper presents new methods for finding and testing of weak periodic variability of stellar objects developed for the purpose of detecting expected regular light variations of magnetic chemically peculiar a map a candidates in the large magellanic cloud a we introduce two new periodograms of the map star a is cir a he 125630 a a appropriate for rotating spotted variables and compare the results with those obtained by the well a known bomb a scale periodogram a the usage of periodograms and the testing of the significance of the found period candidates are demonstrated with two examples a the observed and simulated observations of the magnetic field of the map star cd una a he 119213 a and the map candidate ogle lmc136.7 16501 a three newly developed tests of the periodic variability the shuffling a bootstrap and subsidiary ones a are presented a we demonstrate that the found periodic variations known with signal a to a noise ratio larger than a can be approved as real a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the chemical peculiar a up a stars of the upper main sequence display abundances that deviate significantly from the standard a solar a abundance distribution a the existence of strong global magnetic field specifies a subset of this class a the magnetic chemically peculiar a map a stars a the periodic variability of map stars is explained in terms of the oblique rotator model a according to which a the period of the observed light a spectrum a and magnetic field variations is identical to the rotational period of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the photometric changes are due to variations of global flux redistribution caused by the phase a dependent line blanketing and continuum opacity namely in the ultraviolet part of stellar spectra excite a the amplitude of the photometric variability is determined by the degree of non a uniformity of the surface brightness a spots a a the used passant a and the line of sight a
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882
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper it is argued that whereas the shatskiy single rings produced by the gravitational inner field of a spherically symmetric wormhole and the concentric double einstein rings generated by a toroidal ringtone could not be used without some uncertainty to identify the presence of such tunnelling in the universe or the existence of a parallel universe a the image which the inner gravitational field of a non printable klein a bottle hole tunnelling would leave by lensing a single luminous source is that of a truncated double spiral a which is a signature that can not be attributed to any other single or composite astronomical object in whichever universe it may be placed a in this report we argue some more reasons to predict that such a signature would imply the discovery of one such non printable tunnelling in our or other universe a after all a a nonorientable klein a bottle hole is also a perfectly valid solution to the einstein equations and the stuff which would make it feasible is becoming more and more familiar in cosmology a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article considering observable effects from wormholes or ringtones is not new a more than a decade ago some of such effects were already predicted by several author a 1,2 a a in particular a it was shown that these tunnelling can induce lensing effects from luminous sources a more precisely a by embedding these tunnelling in friedman space a it was seen a a a that a besides the expected lensing a at least ringtones were able to induce other potentially observable effects such as frequency shifting of the emitting sources a discontinuous change of background temperature a brooding and intensity enhancement of the spectral lines a as well as a rather dramatic increase in the luminosity of any objects at the tunnel throat of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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moreover a the precise form of the lensing signature left by wormholes and ringtones has been quite more recently seen to consist of a single ring and a double concentric ring a respectively a 3,4 a a in spite of the interest that all of such results may have from a pedagogical standpoint a none of these induced phenomena has by itself any practical usefulness in order to identify the existence of space a time tunnels in the universe because there are other observable objects in the universe able to produce similar effects a
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883
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we describe dynamics of spin and valley transitions driven by alternating electric fields in quantum dots defined electrostatically within semiconducting carbon nanotube a cut a a we use the tight a binding approach to describe the states localized within a quantum dot taking into account the circumferential spin a orbit interaction due to the a a a hybridization and external fields a the basis of eigenstates localized in the quantum dot is used in the solution of the time a dependent schrodinger equation for description of spin flips and inter a valley transitions that are driven by periodic perturbation in the presence of coupling between the spin a valley and orbital degrees of freedom a besides the first order transitions we find also fractional resonances a we discuss the transition rates with selection rules that are lifted by atomic disorder and the bend of the tube a we demonstrate that the electric field component perpendicular to the axis of the cut activates spin transitions which are otherwise absent and that the resonant spin a flip time scales with the inverse of the electric field a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article electron spins confined in carbon nanotube a cut a quantum dots a cd a are considered attractive for quantum information storage and processing due to the absence of the hyperfine interaction which is the main source of coherence in iii a a nanostructures a the spin a orbit a so a coupling that is intrinsically present in cats due to a a a hybridization accompanying the curvature of the grapheme plane excite paves the way for electrical control of the confined carrier spins a in particular the so interaction allows for spin flips induced by a electric fields excite according to the mechanism of the electric a dipole spin resonance as studied earlier for iii a a quantum dots. in nanotube quantum dots the so coupling splits the four a fold degeneracy of energy levels with respect to the spin and valley into kramer doublets with spin a orbit coupling energy varying from a fraction of me excite to several me of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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excite in this work we study the states confined in a cd defined electrostatically within the cut and simulate spin and valley transitions driven by a electric field between the quadruple of nearly degenerate energy levels in external magnetic field a for clean cats the coupling between the and valleys is absent which motivates ideas to use the valley degree of freedom as a carrier of the quantum information alternative for the electron spin a in the transport experiments the valley filters and valves were proposed excite for clean samples in which the inter a valley scattering can be neglected a for clean cut double quantum dots
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884
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the bus a like pairing in ultracold fermion atomic a a gases is studied in the model of of isotopic a spin of pairing proposed in 1991 kun a of a sec a this model assumes a mismatch a a in chemical potentials of pairing fermion atoms a it is shown that a -josephson junction can be realized in systems a where the left and right banks are the superfluid a the weak link consists from the normal with the finite mismatch a if the -junction is a part of a closed ring the superfluid mass a current flows spontaneously in the ring a item a the time a reversal symmetry is broken spontaneously a this is realized if the radius of the ring is larger than the critical one a all these effects exist also in the case when a where is the superfluid gap a but with the reduced thickness of the weak link a it is also discussed a that if junctions and trilayers from are realizable this renders a possibility for a novel electronics a a hypertronics-. a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article physics of ultracold atoms is fascinating in many respects a the ways how these systems can be manipulated in magnetic and optical traps open possibilities to an enormous number of physical effects which can be realized and studied in these systems excite a hofstadter a thanks to a large variety of experimental techniques one can manipulate atomic gases by magnetic and electromagnetic fields giving rise to realization of various macroscopic quantum effects of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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first of all a a number of effects known in standard superfluid and superconductors were already realized in ultracold atomic gases excite a hofstadter a in that sense a number of already developed theoretical methods and ideas in solid state physics were used in physics of ultracold atoms a on the other hand this fascinating field gives us new possibilities in studying many aspects of the bose a einstein condensation a be a and of the superfluity of fermi condensates a bus a which are difficult to realize in solid state physics a for instance in an ultracold gas of bosnia atoms a such as or a one can study bose a einstein condensationbec a a
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885
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper a new two a parametric family of mass distribution for spherical stellar systems is considered a it generalizes families by excite and by excite a steady velocity dispersions are found for these models by solving an equation of hydrostatic equilibrium a asymmetric generalizations of the model are discussed a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in this study we suggest a new family of spherical mass distribution models that generalizes models by an a evans a 2006 a hereafter a a and models by cumin it al a excite a the family depends on two structural parameters a it includes plumper a spheres excite a non a isochronous excite and the model by rehnquist excite as special cases of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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let us consider the dimensionless potential here and are structural parameters a if a we obtain a model by a a for a we have a model by cumin it al a a 1969 a 1972 a a
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886
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper the transmission dynamics of some infectious diseases is related to the contact structure between individuals in a network a we used five algorithms to generate contact networks with different topological structure but with the same scale a free degree distribution a we simulated the spread of acute and chronic infectious diseases on these networks a using is a susceptible infected a and sis a susceptible infected susceptible a epidemic models a in the simulations a our objective was to observe the effects of the topological structure of the networks on the dynamics and prevalence of the simulated diseases a we found that the dynamics of spread of an infectious disease on different networks with the same degree distribution may be considerably different a a adv a studies their a phys a a vol a a a 2013 a no a of a 759 a 771 a a shikari ltd a a a a a raul osaka a jos he he gris a filo a a a fernando herrera and marcos amaru a faculdade de medicine veterinarian a zootecnia universidade de so paul so paul a up a 05508 a 270 a brazil copyright 2013 raul osaka it al a this is an open access article distributed under the creative commons attribution license a which permits unrestricted use a distribution a and reproduction in any medium a provided the original work is properly cited a a keywords a a scale a free network a power a law degree distribution a dynamics of infectious diseases a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the contact pattern among individuals in a population is an essential factor for the spread of infectious diseases a in deterministic models a the transmission is usually modelled using a contact rate function a which depends on the contact pattern among individuals and also on the probability of disease transmission a the contact function among individuals with different ages a for instance a may be modelled using a contact matrix excite or a continuous function excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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however a using network analysis methods a we can investigate more precisely the contact structure among individuals and analyse the effects of this structure on the spread of a disease a the degree distribution is the fraction of vertices in the network with degree a
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887
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present results about the effect of the use of a stiffer equation of state a namely the ideal a fluid ones a on the dynamical bar a mode instability in rapidly rotating polytropic models of neutron stars in full general relativity a we determine the change on the critical value of the instability parameter for the emergence of the instability when the adiabatic index is changed from a to 2.75 in order to mimic the behavior of a realistic equation of state a in particular a we show that the threshold for the onset of the bar a mode instability is reduced by this change in the stiffness and give a precise quantification of the change in value of the critical parameter a we also extend the analysis to lower values of and show that low a beta shear instabilities are present also in the case of matter described by a simple polytropic equation of state a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article non a asymmetric deformations of rapidly rotating self a gravitating bodies are a rather generic phenomenon in nature and could appear in a variety of astrophysical scenarios like stellar core collapses excite a accretion a induced collapse of white dwarfs excite a or the merger of two neutron stars excite a over the years a a considerable amount of work has been devoted to the search of unstable deformations that a starting from an asymmetric configuration a can lead to the formation of highly deformed rapidly rotating massive objects excite a such deformations would lead to an intense emission of high a frequency gravitational waves a item in the khz range a a potentially detectable on earth by next a generation gravitational a wave detectors such as advanced logo excite a advanced virgo and kara excite in the next decade excite a from the observational point of view a it is import to get any insight on the possible astrophysical scenarios where such instabilities a unstable deformation a are present a it is well known that rotating neutron stars are subject to non a asymmetric instabilities for non a radial axial modes with azimuthal dependence a with a when the instability parameter a item the ratio between the kinetic rotational energy and the gravitational potential energy a exceeds a critical value a the instability parameter plays an important role in the study of the so a called dynamical bar a more instability a item the instability which takes place when is larger than a threshold excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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previous results for the onset of the classical bar a mode instability have already showed that the critical value for the onset of the instability is not an universal quantity and it is strongly influenced by the rotational profile excite a by relativistic effects excite a and a in a quantitative way a by the compactness excite a however a up to now a significant evidence of their presence when realistic equation of state a eos a are consider is still missing a for example in excite a using the unified sly eos excite a was shown the presence of shear a instability but no sign of the classical bar a mode instability and of its critical behavior have been found a
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888
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we study the self a gravitational effect on the equation of state a eos a of bose and fermi gases in thermal equilibrium at the end of reheating a the period after quark a hadron transition and before big bang nucleosynthesis a bin a a after introducing new grand canonical partition functions based on the work of uhlenbeck and grouper a we notice some interesting features of the newly developed loss with distinct behavior of relativistic and non a relativistic gases under self a gravity a the usual negligence of the self a gravitational effect when solving the background expansion of the early universe is justified with numerical results a showing the magnitude of the self a gravitational modification of the state constant to be less than a this helps us to clarify the background thermal evolution of the primordial patch a such clarification is crucial in testing gravity theories a evaluating inflation models and determining element abundances in bin a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article in most history of our universe a gravity has been the dominant force in determining cosmological evolutions a due to the onset of gravitational instability a primordial fluctuations generated in cosmic inflation start growing by attracting dark matter and gases nearby after the matter radiation equilibrium at a temperature approximately excite a consequently a structures of the first generation galaxies are seeded a shortly after the forming of photo a galaxies a the hydrogen and helium gases within them begin to condensate and make the first stars a in the formation of any astrophysical body of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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self a gravity is beyond question one of the key factors in determining the specific destinies of stars a quasars a black holes a and neutron stars a for example a the self a gravity of neutron stars is considered using the affine model excite a where the effective relativistic self a gravitational potential is approximated with holman a oppenheimer a volkoff a to a stellar structure equations a
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889
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we present nuclear spin a independent and dependent parity non a conservation amplitudes for the;^2s-1/2-4f^145d;^2d-3/2$ a transition of a calculated using perturbed relativistic coupled a cluster theory a as a proxy to estimate theoretical uncertainty of these results we calculate the excitation energies a hyperfine structure constants and of transition amplitudes for the important low lying states a the pc results presented in paper shall be useful in the propose pc experiments a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the theoretical results of atomic parity non a conservation a pc a when combined with the experimental results is an important probe of physics beyond the standard model of particle physics excite a there are two sources of pc in atoms a nuclear spin a independent a psi a and nuclear spin a dependent a ned a a the psi a pc is well studied and experimentally observed in several atoms of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the most precise measurement till date is in the case of atomic is excite a the same experiment also indicated a signature of ned a pc effects a the most dominant source of which is the nuclear anatole moment a nam a a a parity odd nuclear electromagnetic moment arising from parity violating interaction within the nucleus excite a
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890
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we calculate the free energy a entropy and pressure of the quark gluon plasma a up a at finite temperature and density with a given fraction of spin a up and spin a down quarks using a it bag model with corrections up to a the expressions for the specific heat and the spin susceptibility are derived in terms of fermi momentum and temperature a the effects of interaction between the quarks on the properties of the up phase are also investigated a within our phenomenological model a we estimate the transition temperature by constructing the phase boundary between the harmonic phase and the up phase a finally a we compute the equation of state of the up and its dependence on the temperature and the density a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article one of the active areas of high energy physics research is the study of thermodynamic properties of interacting harmonic matter in the extreme conditions of temperature indoor density for the last few decades a at such high temperature indoor density the hadrons are expected to dissolve into their more fundamental constituents a viz a a quarks and gluons a forming a new state of matter called quark gluon plasma a up a excite a the basic theory that describes the strong interaction in terms of quarks and gluons please generate the next two sentences of the article
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is known as quantum chromodynamics a cd a a it is known that cd is asymptotically free a
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891
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper is it possible to trap a quantum particle in an open geometry a in this work we deal with the boundary value problem of the stationary schrodinger a or helmholtz a equation within a waveguide with straight segments and a rectangular bending a the problem can be reduced to a one dimensional matrix schrodinger equation using two descriptions a oblique modes and conformal coordinates a we use a corner a corrected web formalism to find the energies of the one a dimensional problem a it is shown that the presence of bound states is an effect due to the boundary alone a with no classical counterpart for this geometry a the conformal description proves to be simpler a as the coupling of transversal modes is not essential in this case a a a pics a a 37.10.gh a 42.25.gy a 03.65.ge a a keywords a a bent waveguides a bound states a corners a dirichlet conditions a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the use of symmetry methods to understand bound states has an ancient origin and has given many of its fruits in atomic and subatomic physics a the work of marcos moshinsky is an excellent example of this excite a over the years a however a other approaches to understand more complicated systems have given up symmetry in both classical and quantum mechanics excite a excite a here we present one of the simplest ways of destroying continuous symmetries with purely quantum a mechanical consequences a a corner a we will show that a sharply bent waveguide supports a finite number of bound states whose nature has no classical counterpart a due to the geometry of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the traditional methods of integrability can not be used to obtain the corresponding solutions a this type of systems has been studied in the past a either with mathematical tools excite proving the existence of bound states or by employing numerical methods for computing the corresponding energies and eigenfunction excite a
|
892
|
suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper for a projective curve and the canonical divisor on a it is classically known that the canonical ring is finitely generated in degree at most three a in this article a we study whether analogous statements hold for finite graphs and tropical curves a for any finite graph a we show that the canonical semi a ring is finitely generated but that the degree of generators are not bounded by a universal constant a for any hyperelliptic tropical curve with integer edge a length a we show that the canonical semi a ring is not finitely generated a and a for tropical curves with integer edge a length in general a we give a sufficient condition for non a finite generation a a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article let be the tropical semifield a where the tropical sum is taking the maximum a and the tropical product is taking the ordinary sum a let be the sub a semifield of a a tropical curve is a metric graph with possibly unbounded edges of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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equivalently a in a more formal form a a tropical curve is a compact topological space holomorphic to a one a dimensional simplicity complex equipped with an integral affine structure over a see excite a a finite graphs are seen as a discrete version of tropical curves a in relation to the classical algebraic curves a tropical curves and finite graphs
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893
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we discuss the propagation of electromagnetic waves on a rectangular lattice of polarizable point dipoles a for wavelengths long compared to the lattice spacing a we obtain the dispersion relation in terms of the lattice spacing and the dipole polarizabilities a we also obtain the dipole polarizabilities required for the lattice to have the same dispersion relation as a continuum medium of given refractive index a our result differs from previous work by drain a goodman a 1993 a a our new prescription can be used to assign dipole polarizabilities when the discrete dipole approximation is used to study scattering by finite targets a results are shown for selected cases a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the discrete dipole approximation a dad a provides a flexible and general method to calculate scattering and absorption of light by objects of arbitrary geometry excite a the approximation consists of replacing the continuum target of interest by an array of polarizable points a which acquire oscillating electric dipole moments in response to the electric field due to the incident wave plus all of the other dipoles a broadly speaking a there are two criteria determining the accuracy of the approximation a a the interdipole separation should be small compared to the wavelength of the radiation in the material a a where is the complex refractive index a and is the wavenumber a in value a a a a the interdipole separation should be small enough to resolve structural dimensions in the target a with modern workstations a it is now feasible to carry out dad calculations on targets containing up to dipoles excite of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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in addition to calculation of scattering and absorption cross sections a the dad has recently been applied to computation of forces and torques on illuminated particles excite if the dipoles are located on a cubic lattice a then in the limit where the interdipole separation a the familiar clausius a rossetti relation a see a egg a excite a can be used to determine the choice of dipole polarizabilities required so that the dipole array will approximate a continuum target with dielectric constant a excite showed how this estimate for the dipole polarizabilities should be modified to include radiative reaction corrections a and excite derived the a a corrections required so that an infinite cubic lattice would have the same dispersion relation as a continuum of given dielectric constant a
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894
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper necessary and sufficient conditions for bipartite entanglement are derived a which apply to arbitrary hilbert spaces a motivated by the concept of witnesses a optimized entanglement inequalities are formulated solely in terms of arbitrary herminia operators a which makes them useful for applications in experiments a the needed optimization procedure is based on a separability eigenvalue problem a whose analytical solutions are derived for a special class of projection operators a for general herminia operators a a numerical implementation of entanglement tests is proposed a it is also shown how to identify bound entangled states with positive partial transposition a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article entanglement is considered to be the key resource of the rapidly developing fields of quantum information processing and quantum computation a for an introduction see edge excite a among the early proposals concerning the applications of entangled states are those for quantum key distribution excite a quantum dense coding excite a and quantum teleportation excite a despite the resulting great interest in entangled quantum states a their complete characterization is still an unsolved problem of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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it is known that entanglement can be fully identified by applying all positive but not completely positive a pc a maps to a given state excite a the problem of this approach a however a consists in the fact that the general form of the pc maps is essentially unknown a the presently best studied pc map is the partial transposition a it a excite a
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895
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper let be an irreducible shift of finite type a set a of positive entropy a and let be its set of words of length a define a random subset of by independently choosing each word from with some probability a let be the a random a set built from the set a for each and tending to infinity a we compute the limit of the likelihood that is empty a as well as the limiting distribution of entropy for a for near and tending to infinity a we show that the likelihood that contains a unique irreducible component of positive entropy converges exponentially to a these results are obtained by studying certain sequences of random directed graphs a this version of of random set of differs significantly from a previous notion by the same name a which has appeared in the context of random dynamical systems and bundled dynamical systems a a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article a shift of finite type a set a is a dynamical system defined by finitely many local transition rules a these systems have been studied for their own sake excite a and they have also served as important tools for understanding other dynamical systems excite a each set can be described as the set of by a infinite sequences on a finite alphabet that avoid a finite list of words over the alphabet of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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thus a there are only countably many sets up to the naming of letters in an alphabet a for the sake of simplicity a we state our results in terms of sets in the a even though we prove more general results in terms of sequences of directed graphs in the subsequent sections a let be a nonempty set a for definitions a see section a sftpresentations a a a
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896
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper many molecular theories of nematic liquid crystals consider the constituent molecules as cylindrically symmetric a in many cases a this approximation may be useful a however the molecules of real nematic have lower symmetry a therefore a theory was developed a mol a phys a of a 1975 a 1345 a for an ensemble of such particles based upon a general expansion of the pairwise intermolecular potential together with the molecular field approximation a in this study a we would like to handle this molecular field theory by using tallis thermostatistics which has been commonly used for a decade to study the physical systems a with this aim a we would like to investigate the dependence of the order parameters on temperature and would like to report the variation of the critical values of the order parameters at the transition temperature with the entropic index a pics numbers a a 05.20.-y a 05.70.-a a 61.30.cz a 61.30 a go a keywords a tallis thermostatistics a maker a sauce theory a nematic liquid crystals a non a cylindrically symmetrical molecules a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article it is well known that an essential characteristic of compounds forming liquid crystals is the rod a like shape of their constituent molecules a with an high length to breadth ratio a therefore the molecules are supposed to be cylindrically symmetrical a for example a the ordering matrix which is often used to describe the partial alignment in a metaphase a contains only one independent element and this can be determined by some techniques a a a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the fact that the molecular cylindrical symmetry is assumed is appealing to a statistical mechanician a because the pairwise anisotropic intermolecular potential required in any calculation is simple for such particles a a a a however the molecules a in fact a are lath a like and thus do not possess the high symmetry a
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897
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper we have studied the abundance of oxygen in the ign by analysing a a a and pixel optical depths derived from a set of high a quality vat and keck spectra of of sos at a comparing ratios to those in realistic a synthetic spectra drawn from a hydrodynamical simulation and comparing to existing constraints on a is a a a places strong constraints on the ultraviolet background a us a model using weak priors on allowed values of a is a of a a for example a a quasar a only background yields a is a of a a highly inconsistent with the a is a of a expected from nucleosynthetic yields and with observations of metal a poor stars a assuming a fiducial quasar+galaxy us consistent with these constraints yields a primary result that a of a a a a 0.66 0.06 0.2 a this result is sensitive to gas with overdensity a consistent results are obtained by similarly comparing and to simulation values a and also by directly ionization a correcting as function of into a of a a a as a function of density a subdividing the sample reveals no evidence for evolution a but low and high- samples are inconsistent a suggesting either density a dependence of a of a a a or more likely prevalence of collisional a ionized gas at high density a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article the enrichment of the intergalactic medium a ign a with heavy elements has a over the past decade a become a key tool in understanding star and galaxy formation by providing a fossil record of metal formation and galactic feedback a absorption line spectroscopy has revealed a among other findings a that the low a density a a intergalactic medium a ign a a as probed by the ly forest and through a a a a a a and other transitions a is at least partly enriched at all redshifts and densities probed a in particular a recent studies indicate that a a when smoothed over large a pc a scales a the abundance of carbon decreases as gas overdensity does and has a scatter of at fixed density of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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there is carbon in at least some gas at all densities down to at least the mean cosmic density a with the median carbon metallicity obeying a a a a a at a share it al a 2003 a hereafter a a a a a on smaller a pc a scales the distribution of metals is less well known a but observations suggest that the metals may be concentrated in small a high a metallicity patches excite a
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898
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper this paper establishes the continuity of the path delay operators for a dynamic network loading a a del a problems based on the lighthill a chatham a richards model a which explicitly capture vehicle pullback a the del describes and predicts the spatial a temporal evolution of traffic flow and congestion on a network that is consistent with established route and departure time choices of travellers a the lar a based del model is first formulated as a system of a partial differential algebraic equations a a does a a we then investigate the continuous dependence of merge and diverge junction models with respect to their initial a boundary conditions a which leads to the continuity of the path delay operator through the a wave a front tracking a methodology and the a generalized tangent vector a technique a as part of our analysis leading up to the main continuity result a we also provide an estimation of the minimum network supply without resort to any numerical computation a in particular a it is shown that gridlock can never occur in a finite time horizon in the del model a a 1,0469 path delay operator a continuity a dynamic network loading a lar model a pullback a gridlock a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article dynamic traffic assignment a data a is the descriptive modelling of time a varying flows on traffic networks consistent with traffic flow theory and travel choice principles a data models describe and predict departure rates a departure times and route choices of travellers over a given time horizon a it seeks to describe the dynamic evolution of traffic in networks in a fashion consistent with the fundamental notions of traffic flow and travel demand a see excite for some review on data models and recent developments a a dynamic user equilibrium a a due a of the open a loop type a which is one type of data a remains a major modern perspective on traffic modelling that enjoys wide scholarly support of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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it captures two aspects of driving behavior quite well a departure time choice and route choice excite a within the due model a travel cost for the same trip purpose is identical for all utilized route a and a departure a time choices a the relevant notion of travel cost is a effective travel delay a a which is a weighted sum of actual travel time and arrival penalties a
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899
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suppose that you have an abstract for a scientific paper current theoretical models for the outflows a jets from an a a a ray binaries and young stellar objects involve large a scale magnetic fields threading an underlying accretion disk a we suggest that such a disk is subjected to warping instability and retrograde precession driven by magnetic torques associated with the outflow a the growth timescale for the disk warp and the precession period are of order the radial infill time of the disk a these effects may be relevant to jet precession and other variabilities observed in many systems a a and you have already written the first three sentences of the full article collimated outflows a jets are produced from active galactic nuclei a compact stars in a a ray binaries a and young stellar objects a sos a a edge a frolic 1999 a miracle a rodriguez 1999 a fender 2003 a reipurth a bally 2001 a a over the last two decades a evidence for jet precession in these systems has steadily increased a the clearest example is the galactic source is 433 a whose jet direction varies with an approximate 164 day period a margin 1984 a eikenberry it al a the black hole binary gro j1655 a of shows jet precession with a period of a days a tingly it al a 1995 a jelling a rupee 1995 a of please generate the next two sentences of the article
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the jets from the super soft source call may be precessing with a period of days a cowley it al a 1998 a a in ages a
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