DefenceLab/scitail · Datasets at Hugging Face

premise stringlengths 1 69.2k	hypothesis stringlengths 21 234	label class label 2 classes
today, more likely causes include chronic pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, measles, silicosis, lung abscess, lung cancer, or a congenital defect in the immune system predisposing the airways to a chronic destructive infection.	Pneumonia and emphysema illnesses are caused by damage to the alveoli of the lungs.	0neutral
A chemical reaction occurring in green plants in which carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and light, combine to produce a carbohydrate and oxygen.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
By utilizing simple reactions between martian carbon dioxide and imported hydrogen, the astronauts will be able to produce methane, water, and oxygen.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Carbon dioxide is produced by many reactions including the reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Carbonic acid is produced in rainwater by reaction of the water with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas in the atmosphere.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Fuel cells, which are quieter, cleaner, and more efficient than conventional engines or turbines, convert hydrocarbons such as methane into carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and then combine the hydrogen with oxygen in the air in a catalytic reaction that produces electricity.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Inert gases (most often carbon dioxide and water) produced by thermal degradation of some materials act as diluents of the combustible gases, lowering their partial pressures and the partial pressure of oxygen, and slowing the reaction rate.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Less carbon dioxide reduces the capability for the reaction between water and carbon dioxide to produce carbonic acid.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Sodium arsenite is used in the water gas shift reaction to remove carbon dioxide.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Such states as inert gas narcosis, carbon dioxide toxicity, oxygen toxicity, HPNS, deep water blackout all can cause reactions that are similar to a psychoneurotic reaction or one of the organic cerebral syndromes.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
The tissue cells use oxygen in their energy reactions, producing carbon dioxide & water as a result.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
The water gas shift reaction (WGS) is a chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
These compounds are intermediates in reactions that involve carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, these species are intermediates in the water gas shift reaction.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
This chemical reaction produces combustable gas.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
This oxygen is the gas which supports combustion, in that it alone combines with hydrocarbons such as gasoline, alcohol, and diesel fuel to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor, and heat, which causes these two products of combustion to expand and to exert pressure on pistons, driving the engine.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	1entails
This reaction plays a critical role in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and combustion of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
Typical moisture-curing systems rely on a water-isocyanate reaction, producing urea linkages and releasing carbon dioxide gas.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
photosynthesis is the reaction utilizing solar energy, nutrients, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and organic tissue.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
products is reduced by non-selective reactions of methyl radicals with the surface and oxygen in the gas phase, which produce (undesirable) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
the reaction produces the products calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.	Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen gas to produce water and carbon dioxide.	0neutral
A network solid or covalent network solid is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	1entails
A type of bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
Atomic structure and trends and covalent bonding.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
Atoms connected in covalent bonds	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
Covalent network solid Covalent network solids are structures in which the atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons between atoms (called covalent bonds).	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	1entails
Electron deficiency occurs when a compound has too few valence electrons for the connections between atoms to be described as covalent bonds.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
If the moities are attached indirectly, each atom of the connecting chain must be attached by covalent or coordinate bonding to another atom of the connecting chain or to one of the moieties.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
In the formation of covalent bonds, the electrons in the atomic orbitals on one atom interact with the electrons in the atomic orbitals on another atom to accomplish the sharing of electrons between the atoms.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
It is not necessary that atom-num1 and atom-num2 are connected by a covalent bond.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
Relate the properties of covalent compounds to the model of covalent bonding.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
The MERGED atom has coordinates of the arithmetic middle of the pair and keeps all covalent BOND connections to the rest of the atoms.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
The covalent bonds between adjacent atoms are nonpolar covalent bonds and this compound is therefore hydrophobic.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
This is due to the different molecular bond, called a covalent bond that binds these atoms to one another.	A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds.	0neutral
A substance can be classified as an electrolyte if it produces ions when it is dissolved in water.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
An electrolyte is any substance that separates into ions when dissolved in water.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
ELECTROLYTE A substance which is or forms a liquid, solid, or gel containing dissociated ions to conduct an electrolytic current (usually an ionic compound is dissolved in solution or melted into a fused state to provide an electrically conductive medium).	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
Electrolytes Molecules of inorganic acids, bases and salts break into positive and negative ions when dissolved in water in the body cells.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
Electrolytes dissolve by dissociation--that is, the molecules of the substance break down into charged particles called ions.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
Electrolytes dissolve in water or some other solvent and form ions.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
Strong electrolytes when dissolved in water react completely to produce ions.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
The electrolyte is a mixture of positive and negative ions dissolved in a solvent such as water.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
The nickel anode is dissolved into the electrolyte in form of nickel ions.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	0neutral
When electrolytes dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions.	A(n) electrolyte is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called.	1entails
A convex mirror is also capable of forming images by reflecting the rays coming from each point of the object to a common point in the image plane, rather than refracting them.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
A teleconverter has a convex refraction and cannot form an image by itself;	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
An image is a copy or reflection of something.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	1entails
Compare the fundamental processes of reflection, refraction, and image formation in optical systems.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
Draw a ray tracing sketch of a refracting telescope showing how the image is formed.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
Field- and lab-based application of seismic refraction and reflection techniques to image the shallow sub-surface.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
Image in spherical refracting surface.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
Seismic reflection and refraction images show that shallow-depth faults may underlie some of the observed surface cracks.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
Since, the images reflect gradients in refractive index induced by thermal gradients, they can not simply be converted and interpreted as thermal images.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
The image is formed by the refraction of light through the lens.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	1entails
Without geometry information, many of these image based techniques fails to handle reflection and refraction phenomena from non Lambertian surfaces.	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
You will get Ray-traced quality images (it means you can add reflections, refractions and transparencies and shadows to your views).	An image is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction.	0neutral
A horizontal sedimentary-rock formation called the Kaibab Limestone underlies the entire region.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
Angular Unconformity Horizontal layer(s) of sedimentary rock over deformed layers of sedimentary rock.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
At the top of the Inner Gorge, the horizontal layers of sedimentary rock rest on top of tilted and faulted layers of other sedimentary rock.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
Consider three undeformed horizontal beds of sedimentary rock.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
Kansas is underlain by a sequence of horizontal to gently westward dipping sedimentary rocks.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
Many massive sedimentary rock formations contain thousands of thin, horizontal laminations.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
Most sedimentary rocks are laid down in horizontal layers, with the oldest beds at the bottom.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
Nearly horizontal sedimentary rock layers (dolomite or dolostone) 2.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
On both ends of the beach are steep cliffs composed of horizontal layers of sedimentary rock.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
The Interior Plains and Lowlands are covered by a blanket of nearly horizontal strata of sedimentary rocks .	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
The sedimentary rocks seen along the river were laid down in horizontal layers.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
Therefore if sedimentary beds are NOT horizontal, they have been deformed.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	1entails
This is a relatively undisturbed region of horizontal sedimentary rocks.	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
soil strata The various horizontal layers of sedimentary rock (soil).	A defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks is that they are not horizontal.	0neutral
A bomb calorimeter measures the enthalpy change directly.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	0neutral
A calorimetry experiment utilizes a device called a calorimeter, which enables researchers to measure the heat released (or absorbed) by a physical or chemical process.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	1entails
An apparatus used to measure the heat of a reaction, such as a solution calorimeter or a bomb calorimeter.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	1entails
Calorimeters are devices to measure heat released by a reaction.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	1entails
Differential Scanning Calorimeter Measures energy flow and temperature associated with chemical reactions or changes in physical state.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	1entails
Temperatures in the pipe loop and inside the throttling calorimeter are measured using PRT sensors and pressure in the loop is measured using an electronic pressure sensor.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	0neutral
This principle is the basis for the calorimeter, a device used to determine the amount of heat in a chemical reaction.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	1entails
This process of determining the calorimeter constant is called the calibration of the calorimeter.	A calorimeter is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called.	0neutral
A nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, nucleolemma or karyotheca, is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
Eukaryotic DNA resides in the nucleus which is delimited by a double membrane (nuclear envelope).	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
Has a nucleus lacking a nuclear membrane.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	0neutral
He refers to this as nuclear transfer, assuming because genetic material is contained in the nucleus.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	0neutral
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE (also called the nuclear envelope) The nuclear membrane is double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
Nuclear pores are large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
The NUCLEOPLASM of the nucleus is surrounded by a double-layer membrane, the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE OR MEMBRANE, which is perforated by pores.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
The eukaryote has a differentiated nucleus enclosed in a nuclear membrane.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	0neutral
The nuclear membrane has many small holes called nuclear pores that allow material to move in and out of the nucleus.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	0neutral
The nucleus id surrounded by a double membrane , called the nuclear envelope .	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
The nucleus is bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
The nucleus is bounded by a double membrane, the nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
The nucleus is demarked by a double membrane, the nuclear envelope , which segregates the nuclear contents from the rest of the cell.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane, the nuclear envelope.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
This genetic material is known as the nuclear genome of the individual, because it is found in the nucleus.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	0neutral
Zoospores in this order differ from those in the Chytridiales in that the ribosome that is around the nucleus is enclosed around a nuclear cap , which is an extension of the nuclear membrane (Fig 3).	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	0neutral
nuclear envelope Sometimes called the nuclear membrane, it is actually a double membrane that encloses the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.	Nuclear enevelope is a double membrane of the nucleus that encloses the genetic material.	1entails
A solid has a definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape, and a gas has neither definite volume nor shape.	Solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.	1entails
A solid has a definite volume and shape.	Solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.	1entails
A solid has definite shape and volume.	Solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.	1entails
A solid is a phase of matter that has a definite shape and volume.	Solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.	1entails
A solid is in a state of matter that maintains a fixed volume and shape.	Solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.	1entails
As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape and a definite volume.	Solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.	1entails

today, more likely causes include chronic pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, measles, silicosis, lung abscess, lung cancer, or a congenital defect in the immune system predisposing the airways to a chronic destructive infection.

Pneumonia and emphysema illnesses are caused by damage to the alveoli of the lungs.

0neutral

A chemical reaction occurring in green plants in which carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and light, combine to produce a carbohydrate and oxygen.