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Ashitha Revolt 1843 | Background | Background
In the summer of 1843, and continuing until October, both the Diz and Upper Tyari clans were destroyed during the campaigns led by Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg and his allies. Afterward, the focus shifted to the Lower Tyari clan, which began to face harassment from the three Kurdish princes. One of them, Zeynel Beg the Amir of Barwar, was stationed in the village of Ashitha. He was temporarily housed in the school building constructed by the American missionary Dr. Grant, which had been repurposed for military use by Bedir Khan Beg. This marked the beginning of intensified pressure on the Lower Tyari clan, leading up to the events of the Ashitha Revolt. |
Ashitha Revolt 1843 | Battle | Battle
The Assyrians of Lower Tyari revolted against the oppressive rule of the Kurdish Mir of Berwari, Zeynel Beg, and in resistance to the massacres carried out by Bedir Khan Beg and Nurullah Beg. The revolt was driven by years of persecution, loss of tribal autonomy, and the growing threat of annihilation facing Assyrian villages in the Hakkari region.Aboona, Hirmis (2008). Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans Intercommunal Relations on the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire. Cambria Press. p. 208. Zeynel Beg tried to collect taxes from the Lower Tyari clan through some Kurds whom he had appointed as his agents for this purpose. However, the sons of this clan killed these agents when they tried to carry out their mission, and they also tried to kill Zeynel Beg, but he escaped and entered a castle where there was a force assigned to protect him. After this incident, the leaders of the Lower Tyari clan met in the Margerwargis Monastery (Mar George Monastery) in Lizan and decided to defend their rights and dignity no matter the cost, and to inform the other clans of the situation and ask for their help. Accordingly, every individual capable of carrying a weapon carried his weapon, and their number was estimated at ten thousand fighters under the command of Malik Batu (Petros), his brother the deacon Neno, and Malik Jolo. The deacon Neno was sent with a force to besiege Zeynel Beg who was fortified in the castle of Ashitha and force him to surrender before he could call for help and threaten the rear of the forces of Malik Batu and Malik Jolo stationed north of the village of Ashitha to confront the forces of Bedirkhan Beg attacking towards the Lizan Valley. Malik Batu, at the head of the main force of fighters from the Lower Tyari, confronted the Kurdish forces to prevent their advance. He clashed with them in those deep valleys and towering mountains in a fierce battle unprecedented in the history of tribal battles, clashing with the enemy with knives, daggers and hands. |
Ashitha Revolt 1843 | Aftermath | Aftermath
The American Dr. Grand, who was present at that battle, says that no less than ten thousand Kurds and about five thousand five hundred Assyrian fighters fell on the battlefield. When Malik Batu was seriously wounded in his right thigh, the Kurds were able to break through the ranks of his men, and the two sides clashed with daggers and swords. Malik Batu was able to escape with his fighting men by withdrawing to the village of Ashitha in the Lizan Valley and taking refuge with their families in the fortified caves. All the villages of Lower Tyari were burned, and the Kurds laid siege to those caves. The fighters preferred death to surrender, even though their water had run out. But the Kurds who knew about this cried out, swearing by the honor of Bedirkhan Beg that no harm would come to them if they left their weapons in the caves and went out with their families to the Zab to drink water. When the besieged saw that they had no way to escape, either to die of hunger and thirst or to accept the Kurds’ offer, they decided to leave their rifles in the caves and hid their daggers inside their clothes in order to defend themselves and at least take revenge if they were betrayed. Everyone came out of those caves in a large, long column of women and children, led by men. When the head of the column reached the bank of the Zab River, and before the fighters could quench their thirst, the Kurds began their treacherous attack on this captive, defeated column. Those brave men drew their hidden daggers and clashed with the Kurds in a dagger battle with hearts of steel. They began to quench their thirst with blood instead of water. The screams of the women, the crying of the children, and the groans of the wounded rose to the heavens in that deep valley, drowning out the sound of the waves of the Zab waters crashing against the rocks and the horror of that fierce battle from which no old man without teeth or child without teeth (according to the description of the American Dr. Grand) escaped death, and the story of those who survived from death from among those who remained under the piles of corpses from the men of this Tribe. After Malik Batu was wounded and his fighting forces were torn apart, he withdrew across the mountains with the help of one of his heroic men who got him across to the left bank of the Zab River and took him to the Kurdish village of Badri, near the village of Jal, whose people were loyal to his family for the kindness, assistance, care and respect they had shown him over the centuries, despite being Kurds. In those critical circumstances, the villagers proved their authenticity and ingratitude. They hid him and treated his wound for two weeks, during which he regained a little of his strength. He then moved to the Kurdish village of Sarzar, also loyal to Malik Batu's family, and located on the border between Tyari and Barwari Bala, which is currently located within the Iraqi borders because it is far from the enemy's sight. He remained for a short time under treatment by the Kurds of the villages of Dashtani and Sarzar in one of the caves of Mount Sarzar, but due to the arrival of autumn with its cold weather, he was transferred to the house of Sayyid Abdullah in the same village. Bedirkhan Beg's men were searching for him everywhere. When they reached the village and approached the house where Malek Batu was, the owner of the house shouted at them, "Aren't you Muslims? Why do you enter our houses by force?" Bedirkhan Beg’s men left without finding Malik Batu, who remained in the village of Sarzar for two months. After his wound healed, he traveled to Mosul where he met with Mar shimun Abraham. Zeynel Beg and the rest of his men were trapped in the ruined building without food or water. |
Ashitha Revolt 1843 | References | References |
Ashitha Revolt 1843 | Table of Content | db-hoax, Background, Battle, Aftermath, References |
Draft:Matharu (caste) | Matharus were fierce warriors especially during, the time when the Matharu tribe, had converted to Sikhism; they fought numbers of wars for Guru Gobind Singh, Banda Singh Bahadur and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia.
'Matharu or Matharoo (ਮਠਾੜੂ in Gurmukhī script) is a prominent Sikh clan belonging to the Jatt tribe.
Sir Denzil Ibbetson counted the Matharus as one of the major Jatt tribes of the Punjab and the Northwest Frontier Province, centred in Amritsar, Jalandhar, Lahore and Ludhiana.
The origin of Matharu was a Jatt clan.Later they were thought of Ramgharia / Tarkhan /Jatt etc. Matharu Jatts are dominant in some villages of Punjab including Jattana, Chounkimaan, Nakodar and areas around Moga. Matharus are widely known as successful landowning farmers through Punjab today. Matharus claiming Jadaun Rajput ancestry are found in Sialkot, Narowal, Gujranwala, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Patiala and Ludhiana districts.
Variant forms of the name include Matharoo, Matharu, Matharo, Mathru and Matroo. Matharu’s live in Canada, India, U.K., USA etc.
They originate from the regions of Amritsar, Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Lahore and Ludhiana in Punjab. The name Matharu appears on one of the marble slabs on the premises of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar. Matharus built battleships in olden times, and a cannon in the Ranthambore Fort at Rajasthan also bears the name Matharu. Matharus also built weapons for and fought in the armies of Guru Gobind Singh, Prithviraj Chauhan and Akbar.
In 1984, the Sikh extremist leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale started a Sikh militancy against the Indian Government for creating an independent Sikh state in Punjab to Khalistan. A great number of Matharus and its village of Chaunkiman in Jagroan, Punjab were among the sikhs who supported him.
The Punjab Gazetteer says of the Matharus, in a description of the Amritsar District,They possess all the good qualities and martial spirit. Thus in the military atmosphere they have the honour to share up to this day, with their allies, the topmost position among the Brotherhood of Lions. | Matharus were fierce warriors especially during, the time when the Matharu tribe, had converted to Sikhism; they fought numbers of wars for Guru Gobind Singh, Banda Singh Bahadur and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia.
'Matharu or Matharoo (ਮਠਾੜੂ in Gurmukhī script) is a prominent Sikh clan belonging to the Jatt tribe.
Sir Denzil Ibbetson counted the Matharus as one of the major Jatt tribes of the Punjab and the Northwest Frontier Province, centred in Amritsar, Jalandhar, Lahore and Ludhiana.
The origin of Matharu was a Jatt clan.Later they were thought of Ramgharia / Tarkhan /Jatt etc. Matharu Jatts are dominant in some villages of Punjab including Jattana, Chounkimaan, Nakodar and areas around Moga. Matharus are widely known as successful landowning farmers through Punjab today. Matharus claiming Jadaun Rajput ancestry are found in Sialkot, Narowal, Gujranwala, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Patiala and Ludhiana districts.
Variant forms of the name include Matharoo, Matharu, Matharo, Mathru and Matroo. Matharu’s live in Canada, India, U.K., USA etc.
They originate from the regions of Amritsar, Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Lahore and Ludhiana in Punjab. The name Matharu appears on one of the marble slabs on the premises of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar. Matharus built battleships in olden times, and a cannon in the Ranthambore Fort at Rajasthan also bears the name Matharu. Matharus also built weapons for and fought in the armies of Guru Gobind Singh, Prithviraj Chauhan and Akbar.
In 1984, the Sikh extremist leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale started a Sikh militancy against the Indian Government for creating an independent Sikh state in Punjab to Khalistan. A great number of Matharus and its village of Chaunkiman in Jagroan, Punjab were among the sikhs who supported him.
The Punjab Gazetteer says of the Matharus, in a description of the Amritsar District,They possess all the good qualities and martial spirit. Thus in the military atmosphere they have the honour to share up to this day, with their allies, the topmost position among the Brotherhood of Lions. |
Draft:Matharu (caste) | Table of Content | Matharus were fierce warriors especially during, the time when the Matharu tribe, had converted to Sikhism; they fought numbers of wars for Guru Gobind Singh, Banda Singh Bahadur and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia.
'Matharu or Matharoo (ਮਠਾੜੂ in Gurmukhī script) is a prominent Sikh clan belonging to the Jatt tribe.
Sir Denzil Ibbetson counted the Matharus as one of the major Jatt tribes of the Punjab and the Northwest Frontier Province, centred in Amritsar, Jalandhar, Lahore and Ludhiana.
The origin of Matharu was a Jatt clan.Later they were thought of Ramgharia / Tarkhan /Jatt etc. Matharu Jatts are dominant in some villages of Punjab including Jattana, Chounkimaan, Nakodar and areas around Moga. Matharus are widely known as successful landowning farmers through Punjab today. Matharus claiming Jadaun Rajput ancestry are found in Sialkot, Narowal, Gujranwala, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Patiala and Ludhiana districts.
Variant forms of the name include Matharoo, Matharu, Matharo, Mathru and Matroo. Matharu’s live in Canada, India, U.K., USA etc.
They originate from the regions of Amritsar, Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Lahore and Ludhiana in Punjab. The name Matharu appears on one of the marble slabs on the premises of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar. Matharus built battleships in olden times, and a cannon in the Ranthambore Fort at Rajasthan also bears the name Matharu. Matharus also built weapons for and fought in the armies of Guru Gobind Singh, Prithviraj Chauhan and Akbar.
In 1984, the Sikh extremist leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale started a Sikh militancy against the Indian Government for creating an independent Sikh state in Punjab to Khalistan. A great number of Matharus and its village of Chaunkiman in Jagroan, Punjab were among the sikhs who supported him.
The Punjab Gazetteer says of the Matharus, in a description of the Amritsar District,They possess all the good qualities and martial spirit. Thus in the military atmosphere they have the honour to share up to this day, with their allies, the topmost position among the Brotherhood of Lions. |
File:Lyrick Studios Logo Version -2 (2D Version) (Completely Fixed).svg | Valid SVG | |
File:Lyrick Studios Logo Version -2 (2D Version) (Completely Fixed).svg | Summary | Summary |
File:Lyrick Studios Logo Version -2 (2D Version) (Completely Fixed).svg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Lyrick Studios Logo Version -2 (2D Version) (Completely Fixed).svg | Table of Content | Valid SVG, Summary, Licensing |
File:Spelling Television Inc logo.svg | Valid SVG | |
File:Spelling Television Inc logo.svg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Spelling Television Inc logo.svg | Table of Content | Valid SVG, Licensing |
Category:Kurt Waldheim | cat main | Category:Wikipedia categories named after Austrian politicians
Category:Wikipedia categories named after presidents
Category:Wikipedia categories named after diplomats |
Category:Kurt Waldheim | Table of Content | cat main |
Salsolidine | Chembox
<!-- Images -->
| Salsolidine, also known as 6,7-dimethylsalsolinol, O-methylsalsoline, or norcarnegine, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in various cactus species. It is pharmacologically active. Salsolidine has been found to act as a weak but relatively potent monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), specifically of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) ((R)-enantiomer Ki = 6μM), among other actions. |
Salsolidine | See also | See also
Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline |
Salsolidine | References | References |
Salsolidine | External links | External links
Salsolidine - Isomer Design
Category:Methoxyphenethylamines
Category:Methyl compounds
Category:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Category:Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids |
Salsolidine | Table of Content | Chembox
<!-- Images -->
, See also, References, External links |
File:1 Trait Danger performing live.jpeg | Summary | Summary |
File:1 Trait Danger performing live.jpeg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:1 Trait Danger performing live.jpeg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
Vanja Dragojević | Short description | Vanja Dragojević (; born 11 January 2006) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Serbian club Partizan. |
Vanja Dragojević | Club career | Club career
Vanja began training at the "FK Altina" football school in Zemun, where Dušan Vlahović also took his first steps in football. Vanja later went through all the junior levels of Partizan, and also played for the club in the UEFA Youth League. He signed his first professional contract in September 2023, when he was presented to the public with peers including goalkeeper Vanja Radulaški and Ognjen Ugrešić and Zoran Alilović, also midfielders. During the summer of 2024, after playing for the youth team, Vanja was immediately transferred to Teleoptik, for whom he played his first senior matches in the Serbian League Belgrade. He made 12 appearances and scored 2 goals in that competition, before the sports department decided to terminate his loan.
Vanja made his debut for the first team in the round of 16 of the Serbian Cup against Radnik Surdulica in Surdulica. He came on in the 83rd minute, replacing Mihajlo Ilić. Ten days later, he played, paired with Aleksandar Filipović in the centre-back positions, against CSKA Moscow in a friendly match. In the following period, he also established himself in the Serbian SuperLiga, and at the end of the 2024/25 season. he appeared as a regular as one of the bonus players. He played the entire match against Red Star Belgrade at the Rajko Mitić Stadium as part of the 176th eternal derby. |
Vanja Dragojević | Playing style | Playing style
Vanja is 184 centimetres tall, and primarily plays as a defensive midfielder. Bojan Šaranov, former Partizan goalkeeper and Vanja's agent, described him as a player with a strong character and physical predispositions. Vanja is characterized by a competitive mentality, impudence and aggressive play, which is why he was often penalized with cards in the younger categories. He has a playing style similar to Kristijan Belić, while he singled out Saša Zdjelar as his footballing role model. Upon his transition to senior football, he was often compared to that player. He was occasionally dropped to the last line, in the position of a defender. |
Vanja Dragojević | Notes | Notes |
Vanja Dragojević | References | References |
Vanja Dragojević | External links | External links
Category:2006 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Zemun
Category:Men's association football midfielders
Category:Serbian men's footballers
Category:FK Partizan players
Category:FK Teleoptik players
Category:Serbian SuperLiga players |
Vanja Dragojević | Table of Content | Short description, Club career, Playing style, Notes, References, External links |
Draft:Lovemeet Singh Matharu | Lovemeet Singh is a Canadian author based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is best known for his debut book, The Mohan Singh Biography: A Man with the Fine Taste of Life!, published in 2024. In this memoir, Singh chronicles the life of his father, Sirdar Mohan Singh, capturing his experiences with authenticity and transparency. The book delves into both the challenges and successes his father faced, aiming to inspire readers with a message of resilience and personal growth.
FriesenPress Bookstore
Singh's motivation to write this biography stemmed from conversations with his father during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the significance of his father's stories, he decided to compile them into a book to ensure they would endure and inspire future generations. The memoir is available in various formats, including paperback, hardcover, and eBook, and can be purchased through platforms like FriesenPress, Barnes & Noble, and Tertulia.
Barnes & Noble
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buchhaus.ch
+2
Tertulia
+2
buchhaus.ch
+3
Tertulia
+3
Barnes & Noble
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Beyond his writing, Lovemeet Singh is involved in creative projects and showcases his work on platforms like Behance, where he offers freelance services and shares his artistic endeavors.
If you're interested in memoirs that delve into personal histories with sincerity and detail, The Mohan Singh Biography provides a compelling narrative that reflects on family, culture, and the human experience.
He is COO of BSA Group Of Companies. | Lovemeet Singh is a Canadian author based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is best known for his debut book, The Mohan Singh Biography: A Man with the Fine Taste of Life!, published in 2024. In this memoir, Singh chronicles the life of his father, Sirdar Mohan Singh, capturing his experiences with authenticity and transparency. The book delves into both the challenges and successes his father faced, aiming to inspire readers with a message of resilience and personal growth.
FriesenPress Bookstore
Singh's motivation to write this biography stemmed from conversations with his father during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the significance of his father's stories, he decided to compile them into a book to ensure they would endure and inspire future generations. The memoir is available in various formats, including paperback, hardcover, and eBook, and can be purchased through platforms like FriesenPress, Barnes & Noble, and Tertulia.
Barnes & Noble
+2
buchhaus.ch
+2
Tertulia
+2
buchhaus.ch
+3
Tertulia
+3
Barnes & Noble
+3
Beyond his writing, Lovemeet Singh is involved in creative projects and showcases his work on platforms like Behance, where he offers freelance services and shares his artistic endeavors.
If you're interested in memoirs that delve into personal histories with sincerity and detail, The Mohan Singh Biography provides a compelling narrative that reflects on family, culture, and the human experience.
He is COO of BSA Group Of Companies. |
Draft:Lovemeet Singh Matharu | Table of Content | Lovemeet Singh is a Canadian author based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is best known for his debut book, The Mohan Singh Biography: A Man with the Fine Taste of Life!, published in 2024. In this memoir, Singh chronicles the life of his father, Sirdar Mohan Singh, capturing his experiences with authenticity and transparency. The book delves into both the challenges and successes his father faced, aiming to inspire readers with a message of resilience and personal growth.
FriesenPress Bookstore
Singh's motivation to write this biography stemmed from conversations with his father during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the significance of his father's stories, he decided to compile them into a book to ensure they would endure and inspire future generations. The memoir is available in various formats, including paperback, hardcover, and eBook, and can be purchased through platforms like FriesenPress, Barnes & Noble, and Tertulia.
Barnes & Noble
+2
buchhaus.ch
+2
Tertulia
+2
buchhaus.ch
+3
Tertulia
+3
Barnes & Noble
+3
Beyond his writing, Lovemeet Singh is involved in creative projects and showcases his work on platforms like Behance, where he offers freelance services and shares his artistic endeavors.
If you're interested in memoirs that delve into personal histories with sincerity and detail, The Mohan Singh Biography provides a compelling narrative that reflects on family, culture, and the human experience.
He is COO of BSA Group Of Companies. |
Nachum Sternheim | # | redirect Nachum Shternheim |
Nachum Sternheim | Table of Content | # |
Draft:Causality Partners | AfC submission | |
Draft:Causality Partners | References | References |
Draft:Causality Partners | Table of Content | AfC submission, References |
Nochem Sternheim | # | redirect Nachum Shternheim |
Nochem Sternheim | Table of Content | # |
Draft:Launceston and North East Railway | Draft article | thumb|Lilydale yard
The Launceston and North East Railway is an upcoming tourist and heritage railway in the North East of Tasmania. It is located on the former North East Line at Turners Marsh. The society has developed three pedal-powered railbugs to run a 4km stretch of line between Turners Marsh and Waddles Road, Karoola. They have also acquired several historical English Electric diesel locomotives for future restoration as rollingstock and for a proposed railway heritage museum at Lilydale. The society has made meaningful progress and is expecting to open in mid-2025 for railbug operation. |
Draft:Launceston and North East Railway | Table of Content | Draft article |
Draft:Difference Array | AFC submission |
An array that is constructed using a sequence of numbers and the differences between each element forming a new array in which . The difference array of can be denoted as |
Draft:Difference Array | Inverse Function | Inverse Function
A difference array can be undone using a prefix sum array. Here the prefix sum array is denoted as where is an arbituary constant prepending the prefix sum array. Given that is by plugging into the prefix sum function |
Draft:Difference Array | Uniqueness of Difference Arrays | Uniqueness of Difference Arrays
only has a single difference array . If no additional inputs are given uses the elements of to form the difference array. The non-communativity of subtraction only allows for single way to represent a given difference array. |
Draft:Difference Array | Range Queries | Range Queries
A difference array can be used to update an array that is being modified using range queries in constant time. Here a query with as the left and right indices of the array to edit and as the value to add to the elements within . Difference arrays exhibit a unique property where when modified with a range query only the bounds of said query are modify. So given the range the elements of will remain unchanged except for which will be more than before the query. This allows for a range query to be expressed by and .
To obtain the final array a prefix sum can be performed on , then when the prefix sum of is added to all the queries that were to being applied to will be performed through a single iteration. |
Draft:Difference Array | Proof | Proof
The relative differences of the values that lie within the range will remain unchanged after a range query is performed. However the elements and will have their relative differences change. Since each element within is increasing by element will be greater than the previous entry, similarly element will be x less than the next entry in the array.
Thus the middle x cancels out showing that has no effect on the differences of the middle values. |
Draft:Difference Array | References | References |
Draft:Difference Array | Table of Content | AFC submission, Inverse Function, Uniqueness of Difference Arrays, Range Queries, Proof, References |
File:Logo of Al Jamiatul Arabia Nasirul Islam.png | Summary | Summary |
File:Logo of Al Jamiatul Arabia Nasirul Islam.png | Licensing | Licensing
Category:Al Jamiatul Arabia Nasirul Islam |
File:Logo of Al Jamiatul Arabia Nasirul Islam.png | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
Draft:Olivia Antonio Rodrigo | AfC submission/draft | Olivia Antonio Rodrigo (born February 20, 2003) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She began her career as a child, appearing in commercials and the direct-to-video film An American Girl: Grace Stirs Up Success (2015). She rose to prominence for her roles as a guitarist in the Disney Channel series Bizaardvark (2016–2019) and a musical theater enthusiast in the Disney+ series High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (2019–2022).
Shifting focus onto her recording career, Rodrigo signed with Geffen Records to release her 2021 single "Drivers License", which peaked at number one in the Billboard Hot 100 for eight weeks and raised her to international prominence. That same year, she released her debut studio album, Sour, which spawned her second number-one song "Good 4 U" and the similarly successful singles "Deja Vu", "Traitor", and "Brutal". A documentary, Olivia Rodrigo: Driving Home 2 U, was released the following year, and chronicles the creative process of Sour. In 2023, she released her second studio album, Guts, supported by her third number-one song "Vampire" and the singles "Bad Idea Right?", and "Get Him Back!"
Overall, Rodrigo has released three Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles, two Billboard 200 number-one albums, and eight multi-platinum songs by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Her accolades include an American Music Award, seven Billboard Music Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards. She was recognized as Time's Entertainer of the Year in 2021, Billboard's Woman of the Year in 2022, and twice as "Songwriter of the Year" at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards in 2022 and 2024.
Early life
Olivia Isabel Rodrigo[1] was born on February 20, 2003,[2] at the Rancho Springs Medical Center in Murrieta, California, to Jennifer, a school teacher, and Chris, a family therapist.[3][4][5] She is an only child[4] and grew up in neighboring Temecula.[6] Rodrigo was born half-deaf in her left ear.[7] Rodrigo is half-Filipina and identifies as Filipino American.[8][9][10] Her paternal grandparents and great-grandparents emigrated from the Philippines, and her family follows Filipino traditions, including preparation of cuisine.[9][11] Her mother has German and Irish ancestry.[4][12] She grew up listening to her parents' favorite alternative rock music, such as the bands No Doubt, Pearl Jam, the White Stripes, and Green Day.[13]
Rodrigo attended Lisa J. Mails Elementary School in Murrieta, participating in their after-school musical theater program.[14] At age five, her parents signed her up for vocal lessons with Jennifer Dustman, who would begin to enroll Rodrigo in various local singing competitions.[15] Under the advisement of Dustman, her parents enrolled her in acting lessons.[16][15][17] She began taking piano lessons at age 9.[17][15] Rodrigo first became interested in songwriting after listening to country music songs by Taylor Swift,[13] and was playing guitar by age 12.[17] In May 2010, at age seven, she first appeared onscreen in an Old Navy commercial.[18][19]
Career
2015–2019: Career beginnings and acting
In 2015, at age twelve, Rodrigo made her acting debut portraying the lead role of Grace Thomas in the direct-to-video film An American Girl: Grace Stirs Up Success.[20] She attended Dorothy McElhinney Middle School in Murrieta for a year, until moving to Los Angeles after landing an acting role in Disney Channel's Bizaardvark in 2016;[14] she was homeschooled from then until her graduation in 2021.[4][21] Starring as the character Paige Olvera, a guitarist, she played the role for three seasons.[22][23][24][25]
In February 2019, she was cast in the starring role of Nini Salazar-Roberts on the Disney+ series High School Musical: The Musical: The Series, which premiered in November of that year.[26] Rodrigo was praised for her performance,[27][28] with Joel Keller from Decider describing her as "especially magnetic".[29] For the series, Rodrigo wrote and performed the promotional single "All I Want", released in November 2019.[30][31] She left the show at the end of its third season to focus on her music career.[32]
2020–2022: Sour
Rodrigo during the Sour Tour in 2022
Rodrigo signed with Geffen Records in 2020.[33] She negotiated the record deal to secure for herself ownership of the masters of her music.[4] On January 8, 2021, she released her debut single, "Drivers License", which she co-wrote with producer Dan Nigro.[34][35] Within the week of its release, "Drivers License" was critically acclaimed,[36] and broke Spotify's record twice for most daily streams ever for a non-holiday song with over 15.7 million global streams on January 11 and over 17 million global streams the next day.[37][38] It went on to break another Spotify record for the first song in history to hit 80 million streams in seven days.[39] The song debuted at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100,[40] and reached number-one in numerous other countries.[41][42] Rodrigo stated in an interview that "It's been the absolute craziest week of my life ... My entire life just, like, shifted in an instant."[43]
On April 1, 2021, Rodrigo released her follow-up single, "Deja Vu", which debuted at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100,[44] making her the first artist to debut their first two releases in the top 10 of the Hot 100.[45] The third single preceding her debut album, "Good 4 U", followed on May 14, 2021, and became her second single to debut at number one on the Hot 100.[46][47] Sour, her debut studio album, was released on May 21, 2021, to critical acclaim.[48] Slate's Chris Molanphy said its first three singles alone established Rodrigo's "early status as Gen-Z's most versatile new artist".[49] According to Clash critic Robin Murray, Rodrigo is regarded as one of Generation Z's finest artists,[50] while Variety dubbed her "the voice of her generation" in its cover story of Rodrigo.[13] Sour debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and spent a total of five weeks at the spot, becoming the longest reigning number-one album by a female artist in 2021.[51]
In June 2021, Rodrigo premiered Sour Prom, a prom-themed concert film on YouTube.[52] Three days later, Time named her Entertainer of the Year.[53] In an Instagram post on December 24, 2021, Rodrigo uploaded a snippet of a Christmas song called "The Bels" that she wrote and recorded at age five.[54][55] According to Billboard, Rodrigo closed 2021 as the bestselling singles artist worldwide,[56] while placing eight songs on the year-end Global 200 chart, including "Drivers License" at number four, "Good 4 U" at number nine, and "Deja Vu" at number 27.[57] In the US and UK, Sour was respectively the third and fourth bestselling album of 2021.[58][59] Sour and "Drivers License" were also respectively Spotify's most streamed album and song globally.[60] The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) ranked Rodrigo as the tenth best selling artist of 2021 and Sour as the second bestselling album of 2021.[61] To support Sour, Rodrigo embarked on her debut headlining tour, the Sour Tour, which ran from April to July 2022; it included stops in the United States, Canada, and Europe.[62]
Rodrigo's Disney+ documentary film Olivia Rodrigo: Driving Home 2 U, which details the making of Sour, was released on March 25, 2022.[63] Rodrigo received seven nominations at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist, Album of the Year for Sour, and Record of the Year and Song of the Year for "Drivers License".[64] She won the awards for Best New Artist, Best Pop Vocal Album for Sour, and Best Pop Solo Performance for "Drivers License".[65] In 2022, while crafting her next album, Guts, Rodrigo attended a poetry class at University of Southern California, and ended up repurposing one of her homework pieces into the song "Lacy", which would go on to appear on the album's tracklist.[66]
2023–present: Guts
Rodrigo performing at Theatre at Ace Hotel in Los Angeles in 2023
On August 16, 2023, Rodrigo became the youngest artist to receive the BRIT Billion Award for achieving over one billion digital streams in the United Kingdom. She was the 19th artist to receive a BRIT Billion Award.[67] Rodrigo's second album, Guts, was released on September 8, 2023, and debuted atop the Billboard 200. She stated that the album was about "growing pains" and self-discovery. Going into the album cycle, she felt that she had grown "ten years" between the ages of 18 and 20.[68] Guts received critical acclaim from various outlets and was later declared by BBC News as the most critically acclaimed album of 2023.[69] The album's lead single, "Vampire", was released on June 30, becoming Rodrigo's third single to debut atop the Billboard Hot 100, making her the first artist ever to debut the lead singles from two career-opening albums at No. 1 on the Hot 100.[70][71][72] The album's second single, "Bad Idea Right?", was released on August 11, 2023,[73] reaching the top 10 in the US and UK.[74][75]
On October 9, 2023, Rodrigo performed songs from Guts in an exclusive concert in partnership with American Express at Los Angeles Theater at Ace Hotel, all proceeds from ticket sales went to her Fund 4 Good nonprofit organization.[76] On October 18, 2023, Rodrigo announced that the four secret tracks released on limited vinyl editions of Guts would be released as a limited vinyl-exclusive EP to commemorate Record Store Day (RSD) Black Friday.[77] The EP Guts: The Secret Tracks ranked as one of the top sellers during Record Store Day.[78] On November 3, Rodrigo released the song "Can't Catch Me Now" for The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes.[79] The song won the Hollywood Music in Media Award for Best Original Song in a Sci-Fi, Fantasy or Horror Film at the 2023 ceremony.[80]
To support Guts, Rodrigo embarked on her second headlining tour, the Guts World Tour, which ran from February to October 2024 in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania.[81][82] On March 20, 2024, Rodrigo announced that she would release a deluxe version of Guts with five additional songs, including the four secret tracks from the vinyl variants. She released Guts (Spilled) on March 22, 2024.[83] On April 13, 2024, Rodrigo made a special guest appearance at No Doubt's Coachella show, where she performed the band's 2000 single "Bathwater" alongside them.[84]
On October 2, 2024, Rodrigo announced the release of the Guts World Tour concert film. It was released on October 29, 2024, on Netflix.[85] She was announced as the headlining act for the 2025 BST Hyde Park Show set to take place on June 27, 2025, with support from The Last Dinner Party and Girl in Red. It will be Rodrigo's largest headlining performance in the UK in her career to date.[86]
Artistry
Influences
Rodrigo has named Taylor Swift and Lorde as her idols and primary musical inspirations,[87] and once dubbed herself Swift's biggest fan "in the whole world".[88] Rodrigo later went on to give interpolation credits to Swift and Jack Antonoff on her song "1 Step Forward, 3 Steps Back" and retroactively credited Swift, Antonoff and Annie Clark on her song "Deja Vu".[89] She said the White Stripes' Elephant is the album she listens to most,[90] and called band member Jack White her "hero of all heroes" in 2022.[91] Other stated influences on Rodrigo's debut studio album included Alanis Morissette, Kacey Musgraves,[92] Fiona Apple, St. Vincent,[93] Cardi B,[94] Gwen Stefani,[95] Avril Lavigne,[96] Billie Eilish, Halsey, Gracie Abrams[97] and Lana Del Rey.[98] Guts was primarily inspired by her punk and alternative rock influences, including Babes in Toyland and Rage Against the Machine.[99]
Songwriting and voice
Rodrigo's voice type is soprano.[100][101] Media outlets generally describe her a pop and rock artist.[102][103][104] With songs ranging from pop rock,[105] teen pop,[106] alternative pop,[107] pop-punk,[108] emo pop,[109] indie pop,[110] and indie folk styles, [111] as well as 1990s alternative rock.[103] Rodrigo stated that she wants to be a songwriter and not "the biggest pop star that ever lived", and she chose to sign with Interscope/Geffen Records because its CEO John Janick praised her songwriting, not her "potential star quality".[4] Music journalist Laura Snapes called Rodrigo a "flag-bearer" for a new wave of songwriters who incline towards power ballads "that are as emotional as ever, but project that emotion inward, trading bombast for hush", and described her musical style as rooted in heartache, mental health, and sadness, without being melodramatic, expressing more realistic perspectives than resilient.[112]
Other ventures
Products and endorsements
Rodrigo was announced as brand ambassador of the phone accessory company Casetify, under a year-long partnership, in December 2021. She creative directed the "Hardened Hearts" phone case collection, which was inspired by her debut album, Sour, and the '90s and Y2K visual aesthetics.[113] She became consumer beauty brand Glossier's first ever celebrity partner in April 2022.[114] Rodrigo collaborated with Sony Electronics to release a special edition of their true wireless Linkbuds S earbuds in September 2023.[115] She and Health-Ade introduced the "Good 4 Ur Guts" smoothie in December 2023—which was available in Erewhon Market stores through January 14, 2024.[116] In November 2024, Rodrigo became the global brand ambassador for Lancôme.[117]
Philanthropy and activism
Rodrigo and her Bizaardvark co-star Madison Hu teamed up with Instagram #KindComments to encourage their fans to spread kindness and foster positivity on social media from 2017 to 2018.[118][119][120] Rodrigo and Hu further teamed up with non-profit organization My Friend's Place for their 30th anniversary, to help homeless youth find shelter, food, work, education, and healthcare.[121] The event was hosted by Jack Black and raised over $740,000 for local homeless youth.[122] Also in 2018, Rodrigo was named an institute speaker and panelist for the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media.[123][124] In December that year, she became the face of "She Can STEM" campaign.[125][126][127]
In February 2021, Rodrigo released her merchandise line, "Spicy Pisces T-shirts", on her website, with all proceeds benefitting the non-governmental organization She's the First which sponsors young girls' scholarship and education.[128][129] In June 2021, she sold her clothes, wardrobe and all items from her music videos on Depop and 100% of all proceeds from 'Sour Shop' was donated to charitable organization.[130][131][132] Rodrigo donated a portion of her Sour Tour platinum ticket sales to Women for Women International which supports female survivors of war by helping them rebuild their lives after war devastation.[133] On November 18, 2021, she donated a signed Gibson guitar to #VenturesIntoCures program for auction and all proceeds went to life-saving research to treat and cure epidermolysis bullosa.[134][135] The following month, she joined Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson, Billy Porter with Musicians on Call in the 2nd Annual Virtual Concert "Hope for the Holidays" to bring Christmas cheer by uplifting performances and messages of hope to hospital patients via virtual concert.[136][137]
Olivia Rodrigo with the U.S. President Joe Biden at the Oval Office, posing to press cameras with sunglasses, as part of a government campaign that aims to encourage the American youth to get vaccinated against COVID-19
Rodrigo posing with U.S. President Joe Biden as part of a campaign promoting COVID-19 vaccinations to youth
On July 13, 2021, Rodrigo was involved in a White House effort to promote COVID-19 vaccinations among young people in the U.S. She met with President Joe Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris, and Chief Medical Advisor Anthony Fauci, to discuss her efforts.[138][139][140] CNN reported that Rodrigo would record videos about the importance of young people getting vaccinated, including answering questions the youth have regarding the vaccination.[138]
Following the U.S. Supreme Court's 2022 overturning of Roe v. Wade, Rodrigo performed "Fuck You", with British singer Lily Allen, at Glastonbury Festival.[141] She prefaced the performance by dedicating it to the associate justices who voted to overturn Roe, saying "I'm devastated and terrified. So many women and so many girls are going to die because of this. I wanted to dedicate this next song to the five members of the Supreme Court who have showed us that at the end of the day, they truly don't give a shit about freedom. The song is for the justices."[142]
On November 20, 2022, Rodrigo joined other celebrities, co-founders Eddie Vedder and Jill Vedder for the Third Annual Venture Fundraising event which helped raise more than $1.3 million that month and $6 million for the next three years to find a cure for epidermolysis bullosa and other rare diseases.[143][144][145][146] In December 2022, Rodrigo joined Chris Stapleton, Selena Gomez, and more to donate exclusive items to the 2nd Annual ASCAP Foundation, which supports music education and talent development programs across the U.S.[147][148] In the same month, Rodrigo took part in that year's annual virtual concert, 'Musicians on Call' with 30 different artists which brought holiday classic performances and videos of messages of hope to patients, families and health-workers in more than 5,000 hospitals nationwide.[149][150] In January 2023, Rodrigo joined various musicians in donating items to the MusiCares Foundation Charity Relief Auction to help struggling musicians with their financial needs.[151][152]
Rodrigo launched a charity fund called Fund 4 Good, aimed at supporting reproductive healthcare of women, in October 2023.[153][154] She told People that the motive of the non-profit is to raise awareness "for certain groups that are championing women's issues in America and all of the other territories [...] it's going to be a very fulfilling and hopefully productive experience."[155] In January 2024, she donated items for charity auction and proceed went to MusiCares and Grammy Museum Foundation.[156][157] A portion of the profits from the US leg of the Guts World Tour would go to the fund, and support the National Network of Abortion Funds.[158] Condoms and Plan B pills were distributed at Rodrigo's St. Louis concert on March 12, 2024, where abortion was illegal under state law.[159] A portion of the profits from the Canadian leg of the tour would go to the fund and support 600 women's shelters in Canada.[160][161] For the European leg of the Tour, Rodrigo donated to Women Against Violence Europe, in order to prevent all women and their children from any type of violence.[162] She endorsed Kamala Harris in the 2024 United States presidential election.[163]
In October 2024, Rodrigo donated all net proceeds from her sold-out Philippines concert to Jhpiego, a women's health organization with decades of lifesaving work in the Philippines.[164][165]
Awards and recognitions
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Olivia Rodrigo
Rodrigo has received various music accolades, including three Grammy Awards, seven Billboard Music Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, five iHeartRadio Music Awards, and four People's Choice Awards; an American Music Award, a Brit Award, and a Juno Award. She was named as Time's Entertainer of the Year for 2021 and was placed on 100 Next list.[166][167] Billboard honored her as Rookie of the Year for 2021 and Woman of the Year at the Billboard Women in Music event in 2022.[168] The magazine included her on its annual 21 Under 21 list,[169] which she topped the following year.[170]
Rodrigo was included in the lists of Bloomberg 50,[171] Forbes 30 Under 30 in music category,[172] Fortune's 40 Under 40 for two consecutive years,[173] and Elle 100.[174] Variety named her as the "Songwriter of the Year" for 2021 and "Storyteller of the Year" for 2023 at the Variety Hitmakers Ceremony.[175][176] She was considered as the top Songwriter of 2021 by the music rights platform Blokur and The Ivors Academy.[177][178] American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) named her as the "Songwriter of the Year" at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards in 2022 and 2024.[179][180] In 2024, Billboard included Rodrigo among the honorable mentions of its "25 Greatest Pop Stars of the 21st Century" listicle, describing her as "a new-school rock star as much as a pop phenom",[181] and Rolling Stone called her "Gen Z's preeminent rock star".[182]
Discography
Main articles: Olivia Rodrigo discography and List of songs recorded by Olivia Rodrigo
Studio albums
Sour (2021)
Guts (2023)
Filmography
Film
Year Title Role Notes Ref.
2015 An American Girl: Grace Stirs Up Success Grace Thomas Direct-to-video film [183]
2021 Sour Prom Herself Concert film [184]
2022 Olivia Rodrigo: Driving Home 2 U Herself Documentary film [185]
2024 Olivia Rodrigo: Guts World Tour Herself Concert film [186][187]
Television
Year Title Role Notes Ref.
2016–2019 Bizaardvark Paige Olvera Main role [188]
2017 New Girl Terrinea Episode: "Young Adult" [189]
2019–2022 High School Musical: The Musical: The Series Nini Salazar-Roberts Main role (seasons 1–2)
recurring (season 3) [26]
[190][191]
2019 High School Musical: The Musical: The Series: The Special Herself / Nini Salazar-Roberts Documentary special
2020 The Disney Family Singalong Herself Television special
2020 High School Musical: The Musical: The Holiday Special Herself / Nini Salazar-Roberts Holiday special
2021,
2023 Saturday Night Live Herself Musical guest; 2 episodes [192]
2025 Ladies & Gentlemen... 50 Years of SNL Music Herself Documentary special [193]
Tours
Main article: List of Olivia Rodrigo live performances
Sour Tour (2022)
Guts World Tour (2024–2025)
See also
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
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Rodrigo cites Taylor Swift and Lorde as influences:
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External links
Olivia Rodrigo
at Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Commons
Data from Wikidata
Official website Edit this at Wikidata
Olivia Rodrigo at AllMusic
Olivia Rodrigo discography at Discogs Edit this at Wikidata
Olivia Rodrigo at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
vte
Olivia Rodrigo
DiscographySongsAwards and nominationsLive performances
Studio albums
Sour (2021)Guts (2023)
Singles
"Drivers License""Deja Vu""Good 4 U""Traitor""Brutal""Vampire""Bad Idea Right?""Get Him Back!""Can't Catch Me Now""Obsessed"
Promotional singles
"All I Want""The Rose Song"
Other songs
"1 Step Forward, 3 Steps Back""Favorite Crime""All-American Bitch""Lacy""Ballad of a Homeschooled Girl""Making the Bed""Logical""Love Is Embarrassing""The Grudge""So American"
Concert tours
Sour TourGuts World Tour
Related articles
Olivia Rodrigo: Driving Home 2 U
Category
Awards for Olivia Rodrigo
Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata
Categories: Olivia Rodrigo2003 births21st-century American actresses21st-century American women singersActresses from CaliforniaAmerican actresses of Filipino descentAmerican singersAmerican child actressesAmerican child singersAmerican musicians of Filipino descentAmerican people of German descentAmerican people of Irish descentAmerican television actressesGeffen Records artistsInterscope Records artistsLiving peopleMTV Video Music Award winnersPeople from Murrieta, CaliforniaPeople from Temecula, CaliforniaBrit Award winnersGrammy Award winnersJuno Award for International Album of the Year winnersAmerican alternative rock musiciansAmerican child pop musiciansAmerican indie pop musiciansAmerican women pop singersAmerican women singer-songwritersFolk-pop singersSinger-songwriters from CaliforniaAmerican folk-pop singersAmerican pop rock singersAmerican alternative rock singers. |
Draft:Olivia Antonio Rodrigo | Table of Content | AfC submission/draft |
Draft:RABKO | Draft article | RABKO previously RAB/BKO is a Belgian partnership representing arts organisations in Brussels, formed by the trade associations (RAB), which represents the French Community, and (BKO), which represents the Flemish Community. The partnership was established to unite these two key cultural networks and provide a cohesive voice for professional artistic and cultural organisations in the Brussels-Capital Region.
As both a knowledge centre and a political point of contact on cultural issues, RABKO organises activities focused on pertinent themes within the cultural field. The organisation places particular emphasis on sustainability and solidarity, which are embedded in its work through dedicated initiatives such as SamenDurable and United Solidarity. |
Draft:RABKO | History | History
In 2000, Brussels was designated European Capital of Culture. Despite artistic successes, the cultural sector faced challenges such as fragmented relations with authorities and internal divisions. To address these, the (BKO) was founded in 2002 by a group of Dutch-speaking Brussels arts organisations seeking dialogue and cooperation. The following year, Dutch- and French-speaking organisations met during the BrusselSALONbruxellois, which led to the creation of a French-speaking counterpart, the , evolving into the (RAB) in 2005.
Both organisations initially operated separately but gradually increased collaboration. RAB became involved in the States General of Culture in 2005, and together with BKO, co-initiated the arts weekend BRXLBRAVO, a “bottom-up” event involving around 150 cultural organisations from both language communities, with editions in 2005 and 2007. In 2006, BKO launched Lasso, a platform for cultural participation, which later became independent in 2017. By 2007, 117 Dutch-, French-, and multi-lingual cultural institutions had signed a cooperation agreement, formalising the partnership between RAB and BKO.
In 2008, the networks joined a broader Brussels civil society platform, expanding engagement beyond culture, and played a significant role in the 2009 Culture Plan for Brussels, which outlined 34 challenges and priority actions for the cultural sector.
From 2010 onwards, RAB and BKO translated the Culture Plan’s themes into action, launching working groups focused on interculturality, mapping, artists’ concerns, and cultural programming. They organised conferences on education, infrastructure, ecology, and multilingualism, and in 2012 conducted the Open House event examining artistic laboratories and alternative management. Their membership and partnerships expanded during this period, strengthening political ties and their role as key interlocutors of Brussels’ cultural sector.
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2022, RAB and BKO undertook a strategic evaluation of their mission and activities, presenting themselves publicly as one platform named RAB/BKO while remaining legally distinct. The focus shifted to networking around transversal themes and increased solidarity, reinforced by the integration of United Stages in 2023 and collaboration on sustainability initiatives such as the SamenDurable platform. Ahead of the 2024 elections, RABKO published "A red thread for culture", policy recommendations for Brussels culture. Today, with over 160 members, RABKO serves as a dynamic facilitator and political representative within Brussels' cultural ecosystem. |
Draft:RABKO | Projects | Projects |
Draft:RABKO | SamenDurable | SamenDurable
SamenDurable is a collaborative platform launched by RABKO, Brussels Museums, and La Concertation – Action Culturelle Bruxelloise, in partnership with EventChange and Pulse Transitienetwerk. It supports the Brussels cultural sector in its transition towards sustainability and climate resilience, engaging over 300 organisations in the region. The platform focuses on six key themes: energy, mobility, food, digital transition, financing, and waste management.
SamenDurable provides resources such as access to subsidies, individual guidance for sustainable transitions, workshops, thematic working groups, and the sharing of best practices. It also promotes collective actions and public engagement initiatives aimed at embedding sustainability into the cultural sector’s policies and operations. |
Draft:RABKO | United Solidarity | United Solidarity
United Solidarity is a working group initiated by RABKO to mobilise the Brussels cultural sector in support of migrant rights and social justice. Open to all cultural operators, the platform serves as a space for information exchange, collaborative action, and advocacy. Participants are encouraged to inform themselves on current migration issues, share experiences and best practices, and engage in joint initiatives such as awareness campaigns, cultural events, and fundraising activities. |
Draft:RABKO | Work in Progress | Work in Progress
Work in Progress (WIP) is a training initiative by RABKO designed to support cultural workers in adopting a progressive anti-racist approach. The program consists of interactive sessions that range from general concepts of anti-racism to practical applications within the cultural sector workplace. It is free and open to all, allowing participants to engage in the full cycle or select sessions aligned with their specific needs.
WIP addresses themes such as unconscious biases, stereotypes, and privileges, with a focus on issues relevant to the cultural sector. The training aims to strengthen professionals’ abilities to integrate principles of diversity, inclusion, and anti-discrimination into their daily work. The first cycle resulted in a digital publication titled Work in Progress, developed in collaboration with Africalia, while the second cycle features a podcast series. The program forms part of the 2023–2029 anti-racism plan of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, responding to a call from the Service Général de l'Éducation Permanente et de la Jeunesse. |
Draft:RABKO | References | References |
Draft:RABKO | Table of Content | Draft article, History, Projects, SamenDurable, United Solidarity, Work in Progress, References |
File:Faulkner eagles logo.png | Summary | Summary |
File:Faulkner eagles logo.png | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Faulkner eagles logo.png | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
Template:Ombudsmen in Wales | Navbox
| Category:Wales politics and government navigational boxes |
Template:Ombudsmen in Wales | Table of Content | Navbox
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William I. Ausich | Short description | William I. Ausich is an American paleontologist. He is Academy Professor of Earth Sciences at Ohio State University and Director of the Orton Geological Museum.
Ausich received the Charles Schuchert Award of the Paleontological Society for early career researchers in 1990. He was awarded the Raymond C. Moore Medal by the Society for Sedimentary Geology in 2018. |
William I. Ausich | References | References
Category:Living people
Category:American paleontologists
Category:Ohio State University faculty
Category:University of Illinois alumni
Category:Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) |
William I. Ausich | Table of Content | Short description, References |
Draft:Utshob Sutradhar | AFC submission |
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Utshob Sutradhar
Utshob Sutadhar (born April 3, 2006)
'''Utshob Sutadhar''', is a Bangladesh Youtuber, Media Personality And Student. He is known for his fast-paced and highly-produced YouTube videos, where he often makes videos on geography and general knowledge related to Bangladesh and the world. He has a small YouTube channel with around 2,000 subscribers and a Facebook page with 2,000 followers. |
Draft:Utshob Sutradhar | Table of Content | AFC submission |
File:Nepela Memorial Logo.jpeg | Summary | Summary |
File:Nepela Memorial Logo.jpeg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Nepela Memorial Logo.jpeg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
14th federal electoral district of Nuevo León | Short description | 250px|thumb|Federal electoral districts of Nuevo León since 2022
The 14th federal electoral district of Nuevo León () is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 14 such districts in the state of Nuevo León.
It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.
The 13th and 14th districts were established by the National Electoral Institute (INE) in its 2022 redistricting process and elected their first deputies in the 2024 general election.
The inaugural member for the 14th district is José Gloria López of the Labour Party (PT). |
14th federal electoral district of Nuevo León | District territory | District territory
+ Evolution of electoral district numbers 1972 1978 1996 2005 2017 2022 Nuevo León 7 11 11 12 12 14 Chamber of Deputies 196 300 Sources:
Under the INE's 2022 districting plan, which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections,
the new 14th district covers 210 electoral precincts () across 15 of the state's eastern municipalities:
Los Aldamas, Cadereyta Jiménez, Cerralvo, China, Doctor Coss, Doctor González, General Bravo, General Treviño, General Zuazua, Los Herreras, Higueras, Marín, Melchor Ocampo, Pesquería and Los Ramones.
The head town (), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and tallied, is the city of Pesquería. The district reported a population of 400,627 in the 2020 Census. |
14th federal electoral district of Nuevo León | Deputies returned to Congress | Deputies returned to Congress
+ Fourteenth federal electoral district of Nuevo León Election Deputy Party Term Legislature2024José Gloria López22px|link=Labour Party (Mexico)2024–202766th Congress |
14th federal electoral district of Nuevo León | References | References
Category:Federal electoral districts of Mexico
Category:Politics of Nuevo León |
14th federal electoral district of Nuevo León | Table of Content | Short description, District territory, Deputies returned to Congress, References |
File:Sony Pictures Television logo color.svg | Valid SVG | |
File:Sony Pictures Television logo color.svg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Sony Pictures Television logo color.svg | Table of Content | Valid SVG, Licensing |
Michael F. Marmor | Orphan | Michael F. Marmor (born August 10, 1941) is an ophthalmologist and retina researcher. His work has contributed to the understanding of retinal function, diagnostic tests, and the clinical management of retinal dystrophies and drug toxicity. He has also explored the relationship between vision and art. Marmor has been involved in programs at Stanford and Harvard that incorporate humanities into medical education. A professorship in ophthalmology at Stanford is named in his honor. |
Michael F. Marmor | Early life | Early life
Michael F. Marmor was born in 1941 in New York but grew up in Los Angeles. His grandfather, Kalman Marmor, was a Yiddish scholar from Lithuania, while his father was born in England and his mother in Hungary. His father, Judd Marmor, was a psychiatrist in Los Angeles who supported scientific approaches in psychiatry and advocated for the removal of homosexuality from the classification of mental disorders in the 1970s. His parents collected modern art starting in the 1960s. Marmor is an only child and has two children—Andrea, a pediatrics professor, and David, an independent filmmaker—as well as three grandchildren.
He attended Harvard College and Harvard Medical School, where he met his wife, Jane Breeden Marmor, a radiation oncologist. After medical school, he spent three years at the National Institutes of Health studying neurophysiology before completing his ophthalmology residency at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. Following a brief faculty position at the University of California, San Francisco, he joined Stanford University, where he became a professor and chair of ophthalmology. |
Michael F. Marmor | Scientific and clinical work | Scientific and clinical work
Marmor’s early research and publications examined the relationship between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), demonstrating the RPE’s role in maintaining retinal attachment and providing metabolic support for retinal function. His findings on fluid absorption beneath the retina contributed to later surgical techniques, including temporary retinal elevation for transplants, drug injections, and genetic therapy. He also developed the first international standards for retinal electrophysiology tests, such as the electroretinogram, through the International Association for the Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV), enabling consistent diagnostic comparisons worldwide. His later research on hydroxychloroquine toxicity—a drug used for lupus and rheumatoid diseases—revised risk assessment and management protocols, leading to updated guidelines by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) for safer long-term use.
As a clinician, he specialized in treating retinal dystrophies, night and color vision disorders, and drug-induced retinal toxicity. During his tenure at Stanford, he trained generations of ophthalmology residents and served as chair of ophthalmology from 1984 until the mid-1990s, overseeing the program’s elevation to departmental status. He has authored over 300 peer-reviewed papers and multiple books and was a co-founder of the Museum of the Eye in San Francisco. |
Michael F. Marmor | Recognition | Recognition
Stanford Appointments: Professor and Chair of Ophthalmology; Faculty in the Program in Human Biology; Professor in the Bing Overseas Study Program; Director Basic Science Course in Ophthalmology, Member of Bio-X. |
Michael F. Marmor | Professional societies and awards <ref name=":1" /> | Professional societies and awards
AAO: Lifetime Achievement Honor Award, Life Fellow
ISCEV: Director of Standards, past editor-in-chief of Documenta Ophthalmologica, Adachi Award and Lecture, Honorary Member
ARVO: Inaugural Fellow
National Retinitis Pigmentosa Society: Service Award
Macula Society: W. Richard Green Award and Lecture
Retina Society: Award of Merit, Schepens Lecture
Cogan Ophthalmic History Society: past president, Cogan Lecture |
Michael F. Marmor | Other lectures and honors | Other lectures and honors
NIH R01 Grant
Lecturer and Honorary Professor, Xian Medical University
Marmor Collection of modern art at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford
Marmor Lecture in Ophthalmology and the Arts, at AAO meetings
Marmor Professorship in Retinal Science and Disease at Stanford
Marmor Peninsula Concerts of the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra
Design consultant for the Truhlsen-Marmor AAO Museum of the Eye |
Michael F. Marmor | Selected works | Selected works |
Michael F. Marmor | Books | Books
The following are major books authored or co-authored by Michael F. Marmor:
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (1979) – Marmor MF and Zinn K, Harvard University Press
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (1998) – Marmor MF and Wolfensberger T, Oxford University Press
The Eye of the Artist (1997) – Marmor MF and Ravin JG, Mosby-Year Book
The Artist’s Eyes (2009) – Marmor MF and Ravin JG, Abrams
Foundations of Ophthalmology (2017) – Marmor MF and Albert DM, Springer
The Artistic Eye (2022) – Marmor MF Ravin JG, Kugler Publications
Degas through his own eyes (2002) – Marmor MF, Degas, Edgar. |
Michael F. Marmor | Articles | Articles
The following are selected peer-reviewed publications by Michael F. Marmor:https://www.aaojournal.org/authored-by/Marmor/Michael+F
Marmor MF. The independence of electrogenic sodium transport... J Physiol. 1971
Marmor MF. The electroretinogram in retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979
Marmor MF. Wilson, strokes and zebras. N Engl J Med. 1982
Marmor MF, Arden GB, et al. Standard for clinical electroretinography. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989
Marmor MF, et al. Night blindness, maculopathy, enhanced S cone syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990
Marmor MF. Clinical electrophysiology of the RPE. Doc Ophthalmol. 1991
Yao X-Y, Hageman GS, Marmor MF. Retinal adhesiveness in the monkey. IOVS. 1994
Marmor MF, Kessler R. Sildenafil (Viagra) and ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999
Marmor MF, Lanthony P. Color-deficiency and art. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001
Marmor MF. Monet's cataracts and Degas' retinal disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006
Marmor DJ, Marmor MF. Simulating vision with macular disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010
Marmor MF, Ravin JG. Fluorescein angiography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011
Marmor MF. Vision loss and hearing loss in art and music. Ophthalmology. 2014
Melles RB, Marmor MF. Toxic retinopathy from hydroxychloroquine. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014
Marmor MF. Vision, Eye Disease and Art (Keeler Lecture). Eye. 2016
Marmor MF, et al. AAO Recommendations on Hydroxychloroquine Screening. Ophthalmology. 2016
Melles RB, Marmor MF. Macular thinning as early toxicity indicator. Ophthalmology. 2022 |
Michael F. Marmor | References | References
Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:American ophthalmologists
Category:Harvard College alumni
Category:Harvard Medical School alumni |
Michael F. Marmor | Table of Content | Orphan, Early life, Scientific and clinical work, Recognition, Professional societies and awards <ref name=":1" />, Other lectures and honors, Selected works, Books, Articles, References |
Peyotine | Distinguish | Peyotine is a trace tetrahydroisoquinoline and quaternary alkaloid found in peyote (Lophophora williamsii).https://bitnest.netfirms.com/external/TCA/198 |
Peyotine | See also | See also
Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline
Pellotine |
Peyotine | References | References |
Peyotine | External links | External links
Peyotine - Isomer Design
Category:Lophophora
Category:Methoxy compounds
Category:Norsalsolinol ethers
Category:Quaternary ammonium compounds
Category:Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids |
Peyotine | Table of Content | Distinguish, See also, References, External links |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Isaac Seatile | [[:Isaac Seatile]] | :Isaac Seatile
– (View AfDView log | edits since nomination)
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Declined prod. The only sources are databases/results listings which is insufficient to meet WP:SPORTSCRIT. LibStar (talk) 23:29, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Sportspeople, Olympics, Sport of athletics, and Africa. LibStar (talk) 23:29, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Redirect to Lesotho at the 1996 Summer Olympics – As WP:ATD. Svartner (talk) 23:39, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Redirect to Lesotho at the 1996 Summer Olympics per :WP:ATD Ingratis (talk) 00:51, 21 May 2025 (UTC) |
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