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File:Valleywise-logo-2048x550.png | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Valleywise-logo-2048x550.png | Table of Content | Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary, Licensing |
John Tompkins (disambiguation) | '''John Tompkins''' | John Tompkins may refer to:
John Almy Tompkins (1837-1916), Union Army Major and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel during U.S. Civil War
John Almy Tompkins II (1871-1941), American architect |
John Tompkins (disambiguation) | See also | See also
John Tomkins (disambiguation) |
John Tompkins (disambiguation) | Table of Content | '''John Tompkins''', See also |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Proceratosaurus/archive1 | [[Proceratosaurus]] | Proceratosaurus
Nominator(s): FunkMonk (talk) 00:39, 20 May 2025 (UTC), IJReid {{T - C - D - R}} 02:47, 20 May 2025 (UTC); A Cynical Idealist (talk) 03:36, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
This article is about the oldest known tyrannosauroid, though dramatically different from its later, more famous relatives like Tyrannosaurus in being quite small and with a crest beginning at the snout. While first named over a century ago, little was published about it until the last few decades, and we have summarised all of it here. FunkMonk (talk) 00:39, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Joining as co-nominator as agreed, focusing on revisions for things such as references and formattings. IJReid {{T - C - D - R}} 02:47, 20 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Proceratosaurus/archive1 | HF | HF
I plan to review this tomorrow. Hog Farm Talk 00:48, 20 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Proceratosaurus/archive1 | Table of Content | [[Proceratosaurus]], HF |
John Tomkins (disambiguation) | '''John Tomkins''' | John Tomkins may refer to:
John Tomkins (composer) (1586-1638), Welsh-born organist and composer
John Patrick Tomkins, A.K.A "The Bishop," American criminal from Iowa |
John Tomkins (disambiguation) | See also | See also
John Tompkins (disambiguation) |
John Tomkins (disambiguation) | Table of Content | '''John Tomkins''', See also |
John Wessels (rugby union) | Infobox rugby biography
| Johannes Wilhelmus Wessels (14 May 1935 – 22 January 2006) was a South African international rugby union player.
Wessels was born in Van Stadensrus and educated at Grey College.
A hooker, Wessels represented Orange Free State and earned Springboks representative honours on their 1965 tour of Scotland and Ireland. The short tour included two Test matches, which Wessels both missed, instead wearing Springboks colours for fixtures against Combined Universities and Scottish Districts.
Wessels married national netball player Sussie Esterhuizen. |
John Wessels (rugby union) | See also | See also
List of South Africa national rugby union players |
John Wessels (rugby union) | References | References
Category:1935 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:South African rugby union players
Category:South Africa international rugby union players
Category:Free State Cheetahs players
Category:Rugby union players from Bloemfontein
Category:Rugby union hookers
Category:People from Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality
Category:Alumni of Grey College, Bloemfontein |
John Wessels (rugby union) | Table of Content | Infobox rugby biography
, See also, References |
Template:Did you know nominations/Papal inauguration of Pope John Paul I | DYKsubpage
| |
Template:Did you know nominations/Papal inauguration of Pope John Paul I | Table of Content | DYKsubpage
|
Category:Dominican reggaeton musicians | [[Category:Reggaeton musicians by nationality | Dominican |
Category:Dominican reggaeton musicians | Table of Content | [[Category:Reggaeton musicians by nationality |
Luis Velásquez Alvaray | short description | Luis Velásquez Alvaray (1954 – 17 May 2025) was a Venezuelan politician and lawyer, who served in the National Assembly from 2000 to 2004 and was a member of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice from 2005 to 2006.
Velásquez died of prostate cancer in Costa Rica on 17 May 2025, at the age of 71. |
Luis Velásquez Alvaray | References | References
Category:1954 births
Category:2025 deaths
Category:Venezuelan politicians
Category:Members of the National Assembly (Venezuela)
Category:Venezuelan lawyers
Category:Judges of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela
Category:University of the Andes (Venezuela) alumni
Category:Deaths from prostate cancer
Category:Deaths from cancer in Costa Rica |
Luis Velásquez Alvaray | Table of Content | short description, References |
File:Boy Crazy Kesha Cover.jpg | Summary | Summary |
File:Boy Crazy Kesha Cover.jpg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Boy Crazy Kesha Cover.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
Doodles Tapscott | # | redirectLionel Tapscott |
Doodles Tapscott | Table of Content | # |
Category:Books about Malcolm X | [[Category:Works about Malcolm X]] | Category:Works about Malcolm X
Malcolm X
Malcolm X |
Category:Books about Malcolm X | Table of Content | [[Category:Works about Malcolm X]] |
Template:Did you know nominations/The Price (The Last of Us) | DYKsubpage
| |
Template:Did you know nominations/The Price (The Last of Us) | Table of Content | DYKsubpage
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Premiership of Bob Rae | # | redirect Bob Rae#Premier |
Premiership of Bob Rae | Table of Content | # |
Template:Bob Rae quick links | [[Bob Rae]] | Bob Rae (premiership · ministry) |
Template:Bob Rae quick links | Table of Content | [[Bob Rae]] |
Category:Iranian military personnel of World War II | [[Category:20th-century Iranian military personnel | World War II
World War II
military
Category:Military personnel of World War II by nationality
Category:Military history of Iran during World War II |
Category:Iranian military personnel of World War II | Table of Content | [[Category:20th-century Iranian military personnel |
Nantana Nantavaropas | Infobox officeholder
| Nantana Nantavaropas () is a Thai academic and politician, serving as a Member of the Senate of Thailand. She previously served as dean of the Political Communication College at Krirk University. |
Nantana Nantavaropas | Career | Career
Following her election, Nantana accused fellow members of the Senate of colluding with the Bhumjaithai Party. She opposed the proposed renovation to the Parliament building. |
Nantana Nantavaropas | References | References
Category:21st-century Thai politicians
Category:Thai academic administrators
Category:Living people |
Nantana Nantavaropas | Table of Content | Infobox officeholder
, Career, References |
Faraj Suleiman | Orphan | Faraj Suleiman (Arabic: فرج سليمان born in Ramallah in 1984) is a Palestinian composer and pianist born in the town of Ramallah inside the Green Line. He started playing at the age of three and studied with his uncle, the artist Youssef Basila. |
Faraj Suleiman | Music career | Music career
He began his artistic career in the city of Haifa in 2013 when he presented his first works. In 2014 , he released his first album. He plays and writes instrumental and vocal music. Sulaiman is influenced by rock , classical music and jazz.
In 2018, he performed with Italian Alberto Pizzo at Haifa Khashab Theater, featuring Habib Shahadeh Hanna and the band. Faraj presented this performance as a dialogue and collaboration between the people of the Mediterranean coastal cities, Pizza hometown of Naples, Italy, and Haifa.
In 2020, Faraj released his album "Ahla Min Berlin" via a live stream on social media. The album's lyrics were written by Majd Kayyal, and composed and sung by Faraj Suleiman. The album's artistic style follows a jazz style. |
Faraj Suleiman | Personal life | Personal life |
Faraj Suleiman | References | References |
Faraj Suleiman | External links | External links
Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Palestinian composers
Category:Palestinian musicians |
Faraj Suleiman | Table of Content | Orphan, Music career, Personal life, References, External links |
Draft:Inclewd | AfC submission | |
Draft:Inclewd | References | References
Inclewd is a gibberish word created by Jaxson in 2025. Another word like this is Imajine. |
Draft:Inclewd | Table of Content | AfC submission, References |
Dylan Slepian | Short description | Dylan Slepian (born April 18, 1995) is an American professional stock car racing driver who currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, driving the No. 63 for his own team.
Slepian has also previously competed in the NASCAR Weekly Series and the World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing, and is a frequent competitor at Riverhead Raceway. |
Dylan Slepian | Motorsports results | Motorsports results |
Dylan Slepian | NASCAR | NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) |
Dylan Slepian | Whelen Modified Tour | Whelen Modified Tour
NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour results Year Car owner No. Make 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Pts Ref 2019 Robert Pelis 70 Chevy MYR SBO TMP STA WAL SEE TMP RIV NHA STA TMP OSW RIV NHA STA TMP 63rd 25 2021 Robert Pelis 70 Chevy MAR STA RIV JEN OSW RIV NHA NRP STA BEE OSW RCH RIV STA 31st 103 2022 NSM RCH RIV TMP MAR 34th 122 10 RIV LEE JEN MND RIV WAL NHA CLM TMP LGY OSW 2023 NSM RCH MON RIV LEE SEE RIV WAL NHA LMP THO LGY OSW MON RIV NWS THO MAR 57th 47 2025 Dylan Slepian 63 Chevy NSM THO NWS SEE RIV WMM LMP MON MON THO RCH OSW RIV NHA THO MAR -* -* |
Dylan Slepian | References | References |
Dylan Slepian | External links | External links
Category:1995 births
Category:NASCAR drivers
Category:Living people
Category:Racing drivers from New York (state)
Category:21st-century American sportsmen |
Dylan Slepian | Table of Content | Short description, Motorsports results, NASCAR, Whelen Modified Tour, References, External links |
Escondidinho | Short description | Escondidinho (from , literally "hidden", plus a diminutive suffix) is a Northeastern Brazilian dish made with carne-de-sol or shredded chicken and topped with a layer of manioc purée. The dish often includes cheese and chicken; cod is sometimes used instead of beef.
The name describes the way meat is covered ("hidden") with a purée. |
Escondidinho | References | References
Category:Brazilian cuisine
Category:Meat dishes |
Escondidinho | Table of Content | Short description, References |
Category:Ministry of Education (South Korea) | [[Category:Government ministries of South Korea | Education
Category:Education in South Korea |
Category:Ministry of Education (South Korea) | Table of Content | [[Category:Government ministries of South Korea |
File:Teresa and Sancha Bermúdez.jpg | Summary | Summary
Teresa Bermúdez and Sancha Bermúdez, from the Tumbo A.
Source: |
File:Teresa and Sancha Bermúdez.jpg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Teresa and Sancha Bermúdez.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
Draft:Criminal Courthouse in Ireland | Short description | Criminal Courthouse OF Ireland:
Court District 1: Donegal Courth
• Letterkenny - Donegal
• Buncrana - Donegal
• Carndonagh - Donegal
• Dungloe - Donegal
• Falcarragh - Donegal
• Glenties - Donegal
Court District 2: Sligo,Leitrim & Donegal Court
• Sligo Town - Sligo
• Tubbercurry - Sligo
• Manorhamilton - Sligo
• Carrick O Shannon - Leitrim
• Ballyshannon - Donegal
• Donegal Town - Donegal
Court District 3: Mayo Courth
• Castlebar - Mayo
• Belmullet - Mayo
• Ballina - Mayo
• Archil - Mayo
Court District 4: Galway & Roscommon Court
• Roscommon Town - Roscommon
• Castlerea - Roscommon
• Ballaghaderreen - Roscommon
• Strokestown - Roscommon
• Castlrea - Roscommon
• Ballinasloe - Galway
• Tuam - Galway
• Loughrea - Galway
Court District 5: Cavan & Monaghan Court
• Monaghan Town - Monaghan
• Cavan Town - Cavan
Court District 6: – Louth Court
• Dundalk - Louth
• Drogheda - Louth
• Ardee - Louth
Court District 7: Galway Court
• Galway City - Galway
• Clifden - Galway
• Kilronan - Galway
• Derrynea - Galway
Court District 8: Tipperary Court
• Nenagh - Tipperary
• Thurles - Tipperary
Court District 9: Westmeath & Longford Court
• Mullingar - Westmeath
• Athlone - Westmeath
• Longford Town - Longford
Court District 10: Meath Court
• Trim - Meath
• Navan - Meath
Court District 12: Clare & Galway Court
• Ennis - Clare
• Kilrush - Clare
• Killaloe - Clare
• Gort - Galway
Court District 13: Limerick Court
• Mulgrave Street - Limerick
• Merchant's Quay - Limerick
• Kilmallock - Limerick
• Newcastle West - Limerick
Court District 15: Laois & Offaly Court
• Portlaoise - Laois
• Tullamore - Offaly
Court District 16: Wicklow Court
• Bray - Wicklow
• Arklow - Wicklow
• Wicklow Town - Wicklow
Court District 17: Kerry Court
• Tralee - Kerry
• Killarney - Kerry
• Listowel - Kerry
• Killorglin - Kerry
• Kenmare - Kerry
• Cahirciveen - Kerry
• Dingle - Kerry
Court District 18: Cork Court
• Bandon - Cork
• Bantry - Cork
• Clonakilty - Cork
• Macron - Cork
• Skibbereen - Cork
Court District 19: Cork Court
• Anglesea Street - Cork
• Washinton Street - Cork
Cork District 20: Cork Court
• Mallow - Cork
• Fermoy - Cork
• Middleton - Cork
Cort District 21: Tipperary, Waterford & Cork Court
• Carrick on Suir - Tipperary
• Clonmel - Tipperary
• Cashel - Tipperary
• Dungarvan - Waterford
• Lismore - Waterford
• Yougal – Cork
District Court 22: Kilkenny & Carlow Court
• Kilkenny Town - Kilkenny
• Carlow Town - Carlow
District Court 23: Wexford Court
• Wexford Town - Wexford
• Gorey - Wexford
District Court 24: Waterford Court
• Waterford City - Waterford
District Court 25: Kildare Court
• Naas - Kildare
• Athy - Kildare |
Draft:Criminal Courthouse in Ireland | References | References
https://www.courts.ie/district-court-sittings-0 |
Draft:Criminal Courthouse in Ireland | Table of Content | Short description, References |
Kerneels Cronjé | Infobox rugby biography
| Cornelis Johannes Claassen Cronjé (16 April 1940 – 13 May 2009), known as Kerneels Cronjé, was a South African international rugby union player.
Cronjé was a national 220 yard hurdles champion and missed the 1960 Olympics due to injury.
An Eastern Transvaal wing three–quarter, Cronjé also had his international rugby career curtailed by injury. He was a member of the Springboks squad for the 1965 tour of Australia and New Zealand, which for Cronjé consisted of a single practice match against Western Australia "B", before he had to fly home with a leg injury.
Cronjé had a younger brother Beyers who represented Orange Free State. |
Kerneels Cronjé | See also | See also
List of South Africa national rugby union players |
Kerneels Cronjé | References | References
Category:1940 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:South African rugby union players
Category:South Africa international rugby union players
Category:People from Phumelela Local Municipality
Category:Rugby union players from the Free State (province)
Category:Rugby union wings
Category:Falcons (rugby union) players
Category:South African male hurdlers |
Kerneels Cronjé | Table of Content | Infobox rugby biography
, See also, References |
Teresa Bermúdez | [[File:Teresa and Sancha Bermúdez.jpg | thumb|Teresa and her sister Sancha in the Tumbo A cartulary
Teresa Bermúdez or Vermúdez (died 25 April 1039) was a Leonese infanta (royal princess) who became a nun at the monastery of San Pelayo. She is best known for her marriage to a Muslim ruler of Toledo. |
Teresa Bermúdez | Life | Life
Teresa was the daughter of King Bermudo II of León and his second wife, Elvira García. She was born in 991 at the earliest and no later than 993 if she was the first child of her parents' marriage.
Teresa was a signatory to at least seven surviving documents, which are the main primary sources for her life. In the first, dated 18 August 1017, she is a witness to her mother's donation to the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. On 17 December 1017, she and her sister Sancha were engaged in a lawsuit against Osorio Fróilaz over the monastery of Santa Eulalia de Fingoy. On 1 March 1028 and 27 January 1030, she made her own donations to Santiago, calling herself , 'handmaid of Christ', meaning a nun. These three documents from Santiago are preserved in the Tumbo A, the original cartulary of Santiago. She appears as a signatory to two other documents in the Tumbo A, dated 30 December 1028 and 25 August 1032. She also witnessed a diploma issued to the cathedral of Oviedo on 22 December 1037.
According to Luis Alfonso de Carvallo, Teresa was the abbess of San Pelayo from 1022 until her death. This is doubtful, as no other source describes her as an abbess. |
Teresa Bermúdez | Supposed marriage | Supposed marriage
According to a late source, the Chronicle of the Kings of León, written by Pelayo of Oviedo between 1121 and 1132, Teresa was briefly married:
After the death of her father, Teresa was given away in marriage by her brother Alfonso to a certain pagan king of Toledo for the sake of peace, although she herself was unwilling. But as she was a Christian, she said to the pagan king: "Do not touch me [], for you are a pagan. If you do touch me the Angel of the Lord will slay you." Then the king laughed at her and slept with her once and just as she had predicted he was immediately struck down by the Angel of the Lord. As he felt death approaching, he summoned his chamberlains and his councillors and ordered them to load up camels with gold, silver, gems and precious garments, and to take her back to León with all these gifts. She stayed in that place in a nun's habit for a long time, and afterwards she died in Oviedo and was buried in the monastery of San Pelayo.
Given Pelayo's reputation for forging documents, scholars have long debated the reliability of this report. Although it may contain some "fantastical elements, it is unlikely to be a complete fiction." At the time of her father's death in 999, both Teresa and her brother, Alfonso V, were children. The Muslim ruler of Toledo is not identified by name by Pelayo nor is it clear if the monastery of San Pelayo where she was buried was the same one where she had spent many years as a nun.
Pelayo's story was often repeated. Later in the 12th century, the Chronica Naierensis borrowed the story almost word-for-word from Pelayo. In the early 13th century, Lucas of Tuy in his Chronicon mundi clarifies that it was the nobility who negotiated the marriage, since Alfonso was a child, and that they acted in good faith, since the ruler of Toledo, Abd Allah, was pretending to be a Christian. Lucas presents Abd Allah as attacking León at the time of the proposal but promising to assist Alfonso against the Muslims after the marriage. Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, whose account in his De rebus Hispanie is dependent on Lucas, specifically states that the marriage was part of "a treaty that had been agreed against the king of Córdoba". The Alfonsine Estoria de España, which depends on Rodrigo, erroneously dates the event to 984. The story also made its way into the romancero tradition.
The 19th-century scholar Reinhart Dozy argued that the story was corroborated by Ibn Khaldun, who reports that Bermudo II handed over a daughter to Almanzor in 993. She was originally held as a slave, but afterwards he freed and married her. Dozy suggested that she was permitted to return to her brother's court after Almanzor's death in 1002. Since Almanzor is known from other sources to have married a daughter of Sancho II of Navarre who took the name Abda and since Teresa would have been an infant in 993, Ibn Khaldun was probably mistaken in identifying the father of the bride.
Scholars have put forward several candidates for the ruler of Toledo. supposed that Abd Allah was in fact a rebellious governor of Toledo, but cited no sources in support of this hypothesis. Simon Barton argues that Almanzor's successor Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar (died 1008) or his half-brother, the son of Abda, Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo (died 1009), are good candidates for Teresa's husband. |
Teresa Bermúdez | Death and commemoration | Death and commemoration
Teresa's epitaph from San Pelayo was lost probably in the late 18th century, but a transcription survives. The epitaph contained eleven lines of Latin verse in a style that only became popular in the 12th century. It was probably inscribed long after her death. It dates her death to Wednesday, 25 April 1039. The accuracy of this detail—that date did fall on a Wednesday—suggests that the later epitaph may have replaced an earlier contemporary one.
In the Tumbo A, Teresa is depicted twice in miniatures, once by herself and once paired with her sister Sancha. Dozy identified Teresa as the woman depicted with a crown and sceptre in one miniature, believing the artist was alluding to her status as a queen by marriage. This miniature is now considered to represent Queen Urraca. |
Teresa Bermúdez | Notes | Notes |
Teresa Bermúdez | Bibliography | Bibliography |
Teresa Bermúdez | External links | External links
Javier Iglesia Aparicio, "Teresa Bermúdez, hija de Bermudo II"
Category:990s births
Category:1039 deaths
Category:Astur-Leonese dynasty |
Teresa Bermúdez | Table of Content | [[File:Teresa and Sancha Bermúdez.jpg, Life, Supposed marriage, Death and commemoration, Notes, Bibliography, External links |
Category:National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea | [[Category:Scientific organizations based in South Korea]] | Category:Scientific organizations based in South Korea
Category:Ministry of Education (South Korea) |
Category:National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea | Table of Content | [[Category:Scientific organizations based in South Korea]] |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | Infobox event
| The Portuguese political crisis is a period of instability in Portugal, which has seen the country face three parliamentary elections over three years: January 2022, March 2024 and May 2025.
During this period, the far-right party Chega, led by André Ventura, rose from 1.3% to 22.6%, achieving a major role in the Portuguese political system. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | Background | Background |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | Fall of the "Geringonça" (2019–2022) | Fall of the "Geringonça" (2019–2022)
In the aftermath of the 2019 legislative election, the Socialist Party (PS) gained 108 seats, being 8 seats away from a majority. While the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU), who elected 12 seats, refused to sign a written agreement with PS on election night, the Left Bloc (BE), with their 19 seats, proposed a written parliamentary support agreement with the PS, which was refused by António Costa. As such, the PS formed a minority government, relying on a case-by-case agreement with the left-wing parties in order to pass major legislation. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | 2022 State Budget fail | 2022 State Budget fail
After a series of bad results from the left parties in the 2021 local elections, in October 2021, BE and PCP announced that they would vote against the government's proposed 2022 budget and President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa warned that if there was no budget, he would dissolve Parliament and call a snap election. On 27 October 2021, Parliament rejected the budget by a 117 to 108 vote, and a snap general election was called for 30 January 2022. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | 2022 legislative election | 2022 legislative election
thumb|Results of the 2022 legislative elections, held on 30 January 2022
The Socialist Party (PS) of incumbent prime minister António Costa won an unexpected absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the second in the party's history. The PS received 41.5% of the vote and 118 seats, two above the minimum required for a majority. The PS won the most votes in all districts in mainland Portugal, only failing to win Madeira. Commentators considered the PS to have benefited from a transfer of the BE and the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) voters to them. Costa said that his "absolute majority doesn't mean absolute power" and that he would still be open to forming a coalition, despite it no longer being a requirement to govern. He also promised reforms, saying: "The conditions have been created to carry out investments and reforms for Portugal to be more prosperous, fairer, more innovative."
The Social Democratic Party (PSD) remained stable, underperforming opinion polls that had predicted a close race with the PS. The PSD won 29 percent of the vote, a slightly higher share than in 2019, and received 77 seats, two less than the previous election. The PSD was surpassed by the PS in their strongholds, such as Leiria and Viseu, and lost Bragança by only 15 votes to the PS. In the aftermath of the election, party leader Rui Rio announced he would resign from the leadership.
CHEGA finished in third place, winning 12 seats and 7.2 percent of the vote. The Liberal Initiative (IL) finished in fourth place, winning 8 seats and 4.9 percent of the vote. Both parties experienced a surge of voters and made gains in this election. CHEGA leader André Ventura celebrated a "great night", though the party received more than 100,000 fewer votes than Ventura had received in the previous year's presidential election, an election in which turnout was lower. He blamed the PS majority on PSD leader Rio for not forming an alliance between the two right-wing parties and stated "From now on there won't be a soft opposition. We will assume the role of being the real opposition to the Socialists and restore dignity to this country." IL leader João Cotrim de Figueiredo also celebrated sufficient gains to form a parliamentary group, and said that his party would be a "firm opposition to socialism".
Both the BE and CDU suffered losses, being surpassed by the CHEGA and IL, with 5 seats and 4.4 percent of the vote; their rejection of the 2022 budget was considered to be a factor in losing votes and seats, as well as tactical voting to avoid a PSD plurality. The CDU won 6 seats and 4.3 percent of the vote, while losing seats in Évora and Santarém districts. The Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV) lost all their seats for the first time. Catarina Martins of the BE blamed the PS for having created a "false crisis" that she believed had resulted in a polarised election that penalised parties to the left of the PS. She also spoke out against the gains for CHEGA. Portuguese Communist Party leader Jerónimo de Sousa made a similar statement about the PS.
The CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) lost all their seats for the first time, receiving 1.6 percent of the vote. Party leader Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos announced his resignation. Also due to tactical voting, People Animals Nature (PAN) suffered losses, winning 1 seat and 1.6 percent of the vote, 3 fewer seats than in the previous election. PAN leader Inês Sousa Real spoke of sadness after this result, and said that an absolute majority would be bad for democracy. LIVRE won 1 seat and received 1.3 percent of the vote, holding on to the single seat they won in the previous election, with party leader Rui Tavares being elected in Lisbon. Tavares pledged to get Costa to work with other left-wing parties.
The voter turnout was the highest since the 2015 Portuguese legislative election, with 51.5 percent of registered voters casting a ballot. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | Socialist Majority Government (2022–2024) | Socialist Majority Government (2022–2024) |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | Costa's Resignation | Costa's Resignation
On 7 November 2023, the Public Security Police and the Public Prosecutor's office carried out a series of searches at the official residence of the Prime Minister and other ministries, leading to the arrest of the Prime Minister's chief of staff. Costa was named as a suspect in a corruption case involving the awarding of contracts for the lithium and hydrogen businesses, but denied any wrongdoing. He met President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in the Presidential Palace and announced his resignation shortly after, stating that he would not run for re-election.
The President heard all parties after Costa's resignation. The Socialist Party proposed a new cabinet led by President of the Assembly of the Republic Augusto Santos Silva, Governor of the Bank of Portugal Mário Centeno or by former minister António Vitorino, that would last until the end of the government's term in 2026, while all opposition parties, except PAN, supported an early election. The President has the power to dissolve the Assembly of the Republic at their discretion; they are not required to do so when a prime minister resigns. President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, after meeting with the Council of State, dissolved the assembly and called an early election for 10 March 2024.
The Prime Minister's resignation was not made official immediately; it was postponed until 8 December 2023, so that the State Budget for 2024 could be approved by parliament. It was the first time a single party majority government did not complete its full term in democratic Portugal. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | 2024 legislative election | 2024 legislative election
thumb|Results of the 2024 legislative elections, held on 10 March 2024
In the closest legislative election in Portuguese history, the Democratic Alliance narrowly won, gathering 28.8 percent of the votes and winning 80 seats. The Alliance won all districts in the North Region and recovered their support in strongholds such as the districts of Leiria and Viseu. During election day, the Democratic Alliance issued a warning that many voters were casting ballots for the National Democratic Alternative (ADN) due to confusion surrounding the similar name and abbreviation on ballot papers. ADN won more than 100,000 votes, with many considering that this confusion between the names may have "stolen" seats from the Democratic Alliance. The Socialist Party (PS) won 28 percent of the votes and 78 seats. Despite the narrow margin between the Alliance and the Socialists, the PS fell 13 points and lost more than 40 seats compared with the 2022 election. On election night, leader Pedro Nuno Santos conceded defeat and said that the PS would now lead the opposition.
Chega made large gains, winning 18 percent of the vote and receiving nearly 1.2 million votes. The party also won 50 seats and received the most votes in Faro district, the first time since the 1991 legislative election that a third party won a district. The Liberal Initiative (IL) held on to their eight seats and their vote share from 2022, earning 4.9 percent of the vote; however, the results were below the party's expectations. The Left Bloc (BE) also performed below expectations by retaining their five seats from 2022 and winning exactly the same vote share in 2022 at 4.4 percent.
The Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU), composed by the Portuguese Communist Party and the Ecologist Party "The Greens", lost seats. The CDU won four seats, a decrease of two compared with 2022, and just 3.2 percent of the votes, their worst nationwide electoral performance to date. The coalition further lost their historic seat in Beja district; for the first time under democratic rule, it also lost all MPs in the Alentejo region. LIVRE received almost the same number of votes as the CDU, winning 3.2 percent of the votes, and electing four seats from Lisbon, Porto and Setúbal districts. People Animals Nature (PAN) held its sole seat, held by leader Inês Sousa Real, and won 2 percent of the votes. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | First Montenegro Cabinet (2024–2025) | First Montenegro Cabinet (2024–2025) |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | 2025 budget crisis | 2025 budget crisis
With the lack of a workable majority, the AD minority government was forced to negotiate with opposition parties to pass major legislation and this created problems regarding the prospects of a budget for 2025. The Government decided to negotiate with the Socialist Party (PS), however, the odds of a positive outcome from these negotiations were slim as the PS rejected the corporate tax cuts and the proposed "Youth IRS" scheme, which would provide an income tax rate cut for young people under the age of 35, and accused the government of not giving in. President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa warned that a lack of a deal could lead to snap legislative elections, and admitted he was putting pressure on both the major parties to reach a deal.
On 3 October 2024, Luís Montenegro "dropped" several parts of his government's Youth IRS scheme and corporate tax cuts by bringing his new proposals closer to policies defended by the PS, calling it an "irrefutable proposal" for the Socialists. Pedro Nuno Santos recognized the concessions made by the government, but pressed for more conditions on corporate tax cuts, mainly on their timing. The Prime Minister rejected these last conditions made by the PS, but said he was "confident" in the budget being approved by Parliament.
On 17 October 2024, the general-secretary of PS, Pedro Nuno Santos, announced that the Socialist Party would abstain in the budget vote, thus ensuring the approval of the document with the sole votes of the AD coalition. On 31 October, Parliament passed the budget in its first general reading by an 80–72 vote, with the 78 PS members abstaining. On the final vote, on 29 November 2024, the budget was confirmed by a 79–72 vote, with 77 PS members abstaining. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | ''Spinumviva'' case | Spinumviva case
On 15 February 2025, Correio da Manhã newspaper published an investigation in which it was stated that Prime Minister Luís Montenegro's family had a business with real estate interests, called Spinumviva. Montenegro confirmed the existence of the company, but denied any conflict of interest, saying he had sold his shares to his wife in 2022. Chega criticized the lack of answers from Montenegro and presented a motion of no confidence. This was rejected by Parliament by 171 against to 49 in favour. It was later revealed that Montenegro's sale of his shares to his wife was invalid, as the law does not allow share sales between spouses, thus making Montenegro still an active shareholder of the company. This raised further questions of possible conflicts of interest and Montenegro was strongly pressed to reveal the full list of clients of his business, but he refused to do this.
Two weeks later, on 28 February, Expresso newspaper reported that Spinumviva has been receiving a monthly payment of 4,500 euros from one of their main clients, Solverde, a casino company, since 2021, which continued while Montenegro was Prime Minister. In the aftermath of this report, Spinumviva also disclosed the full list of clients and the services provided. Parties demanded more explanations from the Prime Minister, with Chega demanding his resignation. On the same day, Montenegro announced an emergency cabinet meeting for 1 March, to "analyze his personal and political situation". He announced that the Government would request a motion of confidence if Parliament didn't "validate" the Government. The PCP presented a motion of no confidence but the Socialist Party (PS) opposed this motion. A few days later, the Public Prosecution Service announced that it had received an anonymous tip against Luís Montenegro and his company, adding only that it was examining the complaint, while the Socialist Party also announced a Parliamentary inquiry committee to investigate the case. On 5 March, the Communists' motion was rejected, 88 votes against to 14 in favour, with 126 abstentions, but Luís Montenegro announced a vote of confidence, which was scheduled for 11 March.
On 11 March 2025, Luís Montenegro's government fell after losing a vote of confidence in Parliament, 137 against with just 87 in favour. After the results of the motion were announced, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa held meetings with party leaders on 12 March, and a Council of State meeting on 13 March. On 13 March, Rebelo de Sousa announced the dissolution of Parliament and the calling of an election for 18 May 2025. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | 2025 legislative election | 2025 legislative election
thumb|Results of the 2025 legislative elections, held on 18 May 2025
In the second legislative election in just over a year, the Democratic Alliance (AD) was re-elected with a stronger mandate, gathering 32.7 percent of the votes and winning 89 seats. The Alliance won all districts in the North Region and gained several districts from the Socialists, like Coimbra, Castelo Branco, Santarém and Lisbon. Although the AD received a higher vote share and number of seats, it did not achieve a majority. To form a coalition government with the AD, the Liberal Initiative (IL)'s 9 seats would not be sufficient, so the AD will need to work with either the Socialist Party or Chega to form a coalition, or attempt a minority government.
The Socialist Party (PS) came second, receiving 23.4 percent of the votes and 58 seats. However, the party lost further ground compared with the 2024 election, making this one of the worst results in the party's 52-year history. On election night, leader Pedro Nuno Santos conceded defeat and announced his resignation as party leader, calling for a leadership ballot in which he would not be a candidate.
Chega improved on its 2024 result, receiving 22.6 percent of the vote and 58 seats. The party received a plurality of votes in four districts: Faro, Beja, Setúbal and Portalegre. The Liberal Initiative (IL) slightly increased its vote share to 5.5 percent and won 9 seats, one more than in 2024. LIVRE was the only leftwing party to increase its vote share, receiving 4.2 percent and 6 seats, two more than in 2024. The Left Bloc (BE) received 2 percent of the vote and one seat, the party's worst performance, but party leader Mariana Mortágua did not resign.
The Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU), composed of the Portuguese Communist Party and the Ecologist Party "The Greens", received 3% of the vote and received three seats, one less than the previous election, the worst result since the CDU alliance formed in 1987. The People Animals Nature (PAN) held onto its single seat, held by leader Inês Sousa Real, while the Madeira-based party, Together for the People (JPP), entered Parliament with one seat from the Madeira constituency.
For the first time since Portuguese democracy was restored in 1974, the two largest parties combined received less than two thirds of the seats in Parliament. All right-leaning parties combined won two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. A two-thirds majority is required for changes to the constitution, and for appointments to public bodies including the Constitutional Court. |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | See also | See also
2021–2025 Bulgarian political crisis
2018–2022 Israeli political crisis |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | References | References |
Draft:2021–2025 Portuguese political crisis | Table of Content | Infobox event
, Background, Fall of the "Geringonça" (2019–2022), 2022 State Budget fail, 2022 legislative election, Socialist Majority Government (2022–2024), Costa's Resignation, 2024 legislative election, First Montenegro Cabinet (2024–2025), 2025 budget crisis, ''Spinumviva'' case, 2025 legislative election, See also, References |
Category:National Institute of Korean History | cat main | Category:History organizations based in South Korea
Category:Ministry of Education (South Korea) |
Category:National Institute of Korean History | Table of Content | cat main |
Mohd Hafiz Adam | short description | Mohd Hafiz bin Adam is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Air Putih since August 2023. He is a member of Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN). |
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