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File:Myths by the Shore.png | Table of Content | Summary |
File:NewSpace India Limited.svg | Orphaned non-free revisions | |
File:NewSpace India Limited.svg | Summary | Summary |
File:NewSpace India Limited.svg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:NewSpace India Limited.svg | Table of Content | Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary, Licensing |
2025–26 Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball team | # | Redirect Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball |
2025–26 Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball team | Table of Content | # |
Sant'Andrea, Antey-Saint-André | one source | Sant'Andrea (; ) is a Roman Catholic church located in Antey-Saint-André, Italy. |
Sant'Andrea, Antey-Saint-André | History | History
The church dates back to the mid-15th century. In 1547, two chapels were added. The isolated bell tower was most likely built around 1555 on the remains of an old medieval fortified house. During the 19th century, the church underwent significant alterations, including the addition of two side aisles in 1869. |
Sant'Andrea, Antey-Saint-André | Description | Description
The church features a three-nave structure and a semicircular apse. The organ loft, dating back to the 19th century, is made of carved walnut panels depicting musical instruments and leaves. |
Sant'Andrea, Antey-Saint-André | Gallery | Gallery |
Sant'Andrea, Antey-Saint-André | References | References |
Sant'Andrea, Antey-Saint-André | External links | External links
Category:Churches in Aosta Valley
Category:Antey-Saint-André |
Sant'Andrea, Antey-Saint-André | Table of Content | one source, History, Description, Gallery, References, External links |
Carrick, County Donegal (FV) | Infobox settlement
| Carrick (Irish: Carraig) is a townland in the town and electoral division of Castlefin. It is located on the N15 in the Finn Valley of County Donegal. It is also apart of the hamlet of Liscooley. |
Carrick, County Donegal (FV) | Facts and history | Facts and history
Built up area
Carrick is apart of the built up area of 'Donoughmore'. Along with the townland of 'Donaghmore Glebe', it is split into the area of Lower and Upper.
Donoughmore church
thumb|Donoughmore church, Carrick
Donoughmore church, is a Presbyterian church located at Carrick, Castlefin. Founded in 1658, the church also has a graveyard joint next to it. It is apart of the Donaghmore parish along with; Carnowen and Saint Anne's church, Crossroads.
Education
Donoughmore National school, is located at Carrick, Castlefin and has around thirty pupils.
Nearby amenities
Go Licooley, is a petrol station located at Carricknashane, Killygordon.
Donaghmore house, was a well known victorian house located at Donaghmore Glebe, Castlefin. It was engulfed by a fire in 2018. I was a ten bedroom house owned by the spence family between 1750 to 1800.
The fire:
The house was engulfed by flames in early 2018, and had been owed by Tinney family at the time.
Nearby townlands
There are many townlands that border Carrick, most of these are apart of the Liscooley hamlet.
+Nearby townlands by CarrickTownlandDistance from CarrickLiscooly2.5 kmCarricknashane2.7 kmMagheraboy2.3 kmLiscooley2.3 kmMagheraboy3.2 kmLeaght3.3 kmCarnowen5.7 km |
Carrick, County Donegal (FV) | Photos of Carrick | Photos of Carrick
thumb|Carrick, Liscooley, Castlefin
thumb|Carrick townland, Liscooley |
Carrick, County Donegal (FV) | References | References
Category:Towns and villages in County Donegal |
Carrick, County Donegal (FV) | Table of Content | Infobox settlement
, Facts and history, Photos of Carrick, References |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Noble (computer scientist) | [[:James Noble (computer scientist)]] | :James Noble (computer scientist)
– (View AfDView log | edits since nomination)
()
Self-published article; notability not established Roger 8 Roger (talk) 21:29, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Academics and educators and New Zealand. Shellwood (talk) 21:33, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
Automated comment: This AfD was not correctly transcluded to the log (step 3). I have transcluded it to Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2025 May 19. —cyberbot ITalk to my owner:Online 21:55, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete: The award might be notable, but there is nothing to be found in Gbooks, scholar or Jstor. Gnews also has nothing. The article is unsourced, so could be a hoax? There is nothing to show notability. Oaktree b (talk) 00:27, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
@User:Oaktree b can you have a look at his https://sites.google.com/aito.org/home/aito-dahl-nygaard/2016-winners GS profile] for re-evaluation, he seems clearly notable in my book. --hroest 01:16, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
You'll need a ton more sourcing than that, we still need sources that talk about the person Oaktree b (talk) 02:52, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
@User:Oaktree b no we dont, this is a WP:NPROF evaluation. --hroest 19:22, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
One source showing he won a prize still isn't enough sourcing, it indicates a pass at notability. I'm trying to avoid permastub articles. Oaktree b (talk) 20:11, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
"An article's assertion that the subject passes this guideline is not sufficient. Every topic on Wikipedia must have sources that comply with Wikipedia:Verifiability. Major awards must be confirmed, claims of impact must be substantiated by independent statements, reviews, citation metrics, or library holdings, and so on.
Once the passage of one or more notability criteria has been verified through independent sources, or through the reliable sources listed explicitly for this purpose in the specific criteria notes, non-independent sources, such as official institutional and professional sources, are widely accepted as reliable sourcing for routine, uncontroversial details." Sources, plural, indicating at least two. I still don't see those. Oaktree b (talk) 20:13, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
I agree, we need independent sources for his h-index and the award. These are provided by Google Scholar, Scopus and the organization that provides the award (independent from the subject). This is exactly how the guidelines are supposed to work. To clarify: the subject cannot just upload a CV to his institution and claim to be a highly respected and highly cited professor. However, if independent sources confirm that he got an award and is highly cited, then this criteria is fulfilled. --hroest 01:15, 21 May 2025 (UTC)
keep this is clearly not a hoax which some WP:BEFORE shows. The GS profile shows an respectable h index of 57 which is way above our usual threshold and more than 20 papers with 100+ citations, thus satisfying WP:NPROF#1. Plus he also won the Dahl-Nygaard Prize contributing to WP:NPROF#2 - overall I see a profile that is substantially stronger than most other AfD candidates that end up being kept and I cannot follow the arguments for deletion here. --hroest 01:16, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Your GS profile link goes elsewhere; I think you want this one. —David Eppstein (talk) 05:53, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete This person does not attain notability (WP:N), verifiability (WP:V), reliable sources (WP:RS), and what Wikipedia is not (WP:NOT). His racist (see 2022 deletion) views in themselves are not relevant but they illustrate the use he is making of this article for promotion of political views. This is confirmed by his edit today at Waitangi Tribunal, where his edit cannot be attributed to ignorance or a good faith error, due to his background in academia. The one secondary source provided is of low quality and focuses on only one event, in 2016. Even if accepted as a genuine RSS, because it is only one event, he is not deemed notable. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 02:17, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete Speedy Protect PROMO RACIST per nom. BLP1E. POV
why this is still here? - this article is well below multiple criteria for speedy deletion (G10, G11, A6, A7) as well as notability (WP:N), verifiability (WP:V), reliable sources (WP:RS), and what Wikipedia is not (WP:NOT).
In particular, the only reference cited by the wikipedia page has no actual information on the subject! That should be more than enough to get rid of this (as if the rest of it wasn't enough). Jameskjx (talk) 10:37, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete. Winning a prize is not enough to make a whole article. As it stands it's barely enough for a stub. What notable contributions to computer science has he made? What has he published? I realize that Google Scholar could probably shed light on these questions, but it's the author's job to study these. Athel cb (talk) 06:52, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete speedy... Jameskjx (talk) 10:37, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Science and Computing. WCQuidditch ☎ ✎ 07:17, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Keep. Almost the entire discussion above is predicated on the wrong notability criterion, WP:GNG, when he should be evaluated against WP:PROF, which is independent of GNG and does not require independent sourcing. The nomination statement is worse, as says nothing about WP:BEFORE evaluation against notability criteria beyond the merest WP:VAGUEWAVE. His citation record passes WP:PROF#C1. "Founding Editor-In-Chief of the journal Transactions on Pattern Languages of Programming" (removed as part of large-scale gutting of the article by the deletion nominator) passes WP:PROF#C8. Fellow of the Institute of IT Professionals of New Zealand and the British Computer Society could well pass WP:PROF#C3 depending how selective they are. Full professorship in the UK system operating at NZ universities is somewhat more selective than at US universities and may be a step towards #C5, although I think not a full step in that direction. The award is a pass of WP:PROF#C2 (for the senior-level award, the one he has; the junior one wouldn't be): we describe it as a highly prestigious in its area (software engineering, a major subfield of computer science) and every winner is bluelinked, significant evidence for its prestigiousness. Deleting this article would make him the only non-linked winner. He may have expressed distasteful views in his social media but that is not part of the article and not an argument for deletion. —David Eppstein (talk) 17:32, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
The subject passes WP:PROF per David Eppstein's analysis, so I would normally be in favor of Keep, but as of writing this comment, the article has zero sources. Perhaps it might be a good idea to Draftify so an editor can complete the article. Madeleine (talk) 22:11, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Much of it can be sourced to his 2022 curriculum vitae. It's obviously not independent, so usable only for uncontrove×rsial education and career details, not evaluation and opinion, but I think that's all we really need. —David Eppstein (talk) 23:21, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete - even if he passes PROF, we need more sources than just one, which would violate our rules against WP:OR and WP:BLP. We also recently deleted the article of a notable dancer who was featured in a documentary about Madonna, because it was substantially an autobiography. Bearian (talk) 02:50, 21 May 2025 (UTC)
@User:Bearian please have a look at WP:NPROF first before you cast your vote. An academic is not a dancer, we have very clear guidelines in WP:NPROF which are sufficient for notability. Other guidelines that you cite do not apply here. We do have multiple sources to establish notability per WP:NPROF#1, namely Google Scholar and Scopus. --hroest 03:04, 21 May 2025 (UTC)
I've read it and have discussed PROF in hundreds of AfDs. When I see at least one more reliable, independent, secondary source about him in the article, then I'll change my !vote. You do your thing. Bearian (talk) 03:18, 21 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Noble (computer scientist) | Table of Content | [[:James Noble (computer scientist)]] |
Ziyad Baha | short description | Ziyad Baha Abelhadj (; born 10 August 2009) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Real Betis. Born in Spain, he is a youth international for Morocco. |
Ziyad Baha | Early and personal life | Early and personal life
Baha was born in Málaga, Spain, to former Moroccan international footballer Nabil Baha, who was playing for Málaga at the time, and Spanish former model Farah Farabian. His sister, Mayssa Baha, is also a footballer, and currently plays in the academy of Barcelona Femení. |
Ziyad Baha | Club career | Club career
Baha began his footballing career in Morocco with FUS Rabat, where he won the national youth championship in 2022, before a move to his father's former club, Málaga, in 2023. Following a good season with Málaga's youth sides, scoring 21 goals, he signed for Real Betis in June 2024 on a three-year deal. |
Ziyad Baha | International career | International career
Baha was called up to the Morocco under-17 side for the 2024 UNAF U-17 Tournament in Morocco, where his three goals helped his nation to qualify for the 2025 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations. At the Africa Cup of Nations tournament, again hosted in Morocco, he kept up his goalscoring form, netting twice against Uganda in the opening match.
In the quarter-finals, Baha scored twice against South Africa to earn the Man-of-the-Match award in Morocco's 3–1 win, becoming the first Moroccan to score more than once in a knockout game at the competition. Following Morocco's 0–0 draw in their semi-final match against the Ivory Coast, Baha scored his penalty in the resulting 4–3 shoot-out win, with his father Nabil admitting he was unable to watch his son take the shot. Another successful Baha penalty in Morocco's 4–2 shoot-out win against Mali saw his nation lift the trophy. |
Ziyad Baha | Style of play | Style of play
When his father, Nabil Baha, was asked what it was like to coach his son at the 2025 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations, he described Baha as a "number 10 or number 9", and highlighted that he was playing "phenomenally" against players older than him at the tournament. Baha himself states that he watched clips of his father, who also played as a centre-forward, in order to improve.
He was described by Spanish football website as a "complete forward" noted for his dribbling and ability to create chances with little space to work in. This was shown in Baha's goal in a 5–1 win against Egypt at the 2024 UNAF U-17 Tournament; receiving the ball on the goal-line, he shrugged off defender Hamza El Degawy, before beating Nour Ashraf and then El Degawy again, then rifling the ball beyond goalkeeper Amr Taha. His prolific form at under-17 level for Morocco lead to him being described as a "goal machine". |
Ziyad Baha | References | References |
Ziyad Baha | External links | External links
Category:2009 births
Category:Living people
Category:Moroccan men's footballers
Category:Morocco men's youth international footballers
Category:Men's association football forwards
Category:Fath Union Sport players
Category:Málaga CF players
Category:Real Betis players
Category:21st-century Moroccan sportsmen
Category:Moroccan footballers |
Ziyad Baha | Table of Content | short description, Early and personal life, Club career, International career, Style of play, References, External links |
Duchess of the Aquitainians | # | Redirect Duke of Aquitaine |
Duchess of the Aquitainians | Table of Content | # |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | AfC submission/draft | Big Lost Meadery & Brewery is a craft beverage producer based in Gillette, Wyoming. The company specializes in mead—a fermented honey beverage—and small-batch craft beer. It is known for its rustic, Viking-themed aesthetic and has gained regional and international attention for its unique branding and high-quality products. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | History | History
Big Lost Meadery was founded in 2014 by Sam Clikeman in Gillette, Wyoming. Clikeman's interest in brewing began in the mid-2000s while working in a remote Forest Service cabin in Utah, where he and a friend started brewing beer using creek water and open fires. This hobby evolved into mead-making upon his return to Gillette. After initial experimentation, Clikeman opened the meadery in downtown Gillette, transforming an old general store into a rustic mead hall.
In 2017, Clikeman's brother-in-law, Bob Hewitt-Gaffney, joined the business as a partner, leaving his teaching career to contribute to the meadery's growth. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | Expansion | Expansion
In February 2025, Big Lost Meadery expanded beyond Wyoming, opening a new brewery and restaurant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, on the shores of Lake Lorraine. The facility includes a taproom and the restaurant Ranch & Roost, offering locally made beers and meads from the Wyoming facility. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | Collaborations | Collaborations
In 2025, students from Augustana University’s Brewing and Fermentation Science program partnered with Big Lost Meadery on a capstone project, brewing and launching a craft beer called Orange Honey Saison.
The meadery has also collaborated with conservation-focused nonprofits, such as the Mule Deer Foundation, creating limited-edition meads for fundraising and awareness events. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | Distribution | Distribution
Big Lost Meadery distributes its products across several U.S. states, including Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Iowa, and Colorado, through various distribution partners. Additionally, the company offers direct-to-consumer shipping in 42 states and has expanded internationally, distributing mead throughout Taiwan. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | Recognition | Recognition
In 2024, Big Lost Meadery was named the Regional Exporter of the Year by the U.S. Small Business Administration’s Rocky Mountain Region, recognizing its growth in international markets. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | Products | Products
Big Lost Meadery’s flagship mead is Wild Man, a traditional-style mead made with local clover honey. Other offerings include:
Crazy Woman – a semi-sweet hibiscus mead
Flathead Warrior – a flathead cherry mead
Sweet Dame – a lemon-ginger mead
Island Gypsy – a banana mead with tropical notes
The company also brews a rotating selection of craft beers available on tap at their Gillette and Sioux Falls locations. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | Tasting Rooms | Tasting Rooms
The original tasting room in downtown Gillette features a Viking-inspired ambiance with horn mugs, wooden decor, and a menu of rotating seasonal meads. The Sioux Falls location, opened in 2025, includes a restaurant and expanded taproom options. |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | See also | See also
Mead
Craft brewery
Alcoholic beverage
List of breweries in the United States |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | External links | External links
Official website |
Draft:Big Lost Meadery | Table of Content | AfC submission/draft, History, Expansion, Collaborations, Distribution, Recognition, Products, Tasting Rooms, See also, External links |
Category:Antey-Saint-André | Portal | Category:Cities and towns in Aosta Valley
Category:Municipalities of Aosta Valley
Category:Wikipedia categories named after populated places in Italy |
Category:Antey-Saint-André | Table of Content | Portal |
High and low magic | '''High and low magic''' | High and low magic may refer to:
High and low magic, systems of magic
Greater and lesser magic, LaVeyan Satanic magic |
High and low magic | Table of Content | '''High and low magic''' |
File:Texmaco Rail & Engineering.svg | Orphaned non-free revisions | |
File:Texmaco Rail & Engineering.svg | Summary | Summary |
File:Texmaco Rail & Engineering.svg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Texmaco Rail & Engineering.svg | Table of Content | Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary, Licensing |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Molecular Sciences Course | [[:Molecular Sciences Course]] | :Molecular Sciences Course
– (View AfDView log | edits since nomination)
()
Page on a single undergraduate class, translated from the pt-wiki. There is nothing notable about this class, the page is just an extended description without any coverage from what I can see. This is not what (the english) Wikipedia is for, class information can go on Facebook, LinkedIn or similar. The page should probably have been draftified, but missed the 90 day window. Deletion seems appropriate, as I do not see how this can possibly be edited to pass any of the english WP notability criteria. (Possible COI as well, but that is not the deciding factor.) Ldm1954 (talk) 21:34, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Education, Biology, Science and Brazil. Ldm1954 (talk) 21:34, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete as failing to meet WP:GNG. It's possible that a single college or university could be independently notable. But I expect that is quite rare and in any case the claim needs to be supported by reliable, independent sources just like every other article. ElKevbo (talk) 22:33, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete, for the reason given. There are, of course, many articles on single colleges and universities, so I think ElKevbo accidentally omitted the word "course" after "single college or university". Athel cb (talk) 06:56, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
Yes, that is a typo on my part. Thank you for the polite correction! ElKevbo (talk) 21:32, 20 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Molecular Sciences Course | Table of Content | [[:Molecular Sciences Course]] |
Draft:Fandom incident | Draft article | A fandom incident is an incident when a graphic video, image, comic, or other source of media, mainly relating to a fandom. Fandom incidents are mainly pornographic material including rape, or incest, pedophilia, or coprophilia. |
Draft:Fandom incident | Table of Content | Draft article |
Category:Peninsulas of County Galway | Commons category | Galway
Category:Landforms of County Galway |
Category:Peninsulas of County Galway | Table of Content | Commons category |
Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/TenshiBot 2 | <noinclude>[[Category:Open Wikipedia bot requests for approval | TenshiBot 2 |
Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/TenshiBot 2 | [[User:TenshiBot | TenshiBot 2
Operator:
Time filed: 21:35, Monday, May 19, 2025 (UTC)
Automatic, Supervised, or Manual: automatic
Programming language(s): Python
Source code available:
Function overview: Notifies AfC reviewers of drafts that are still marked as being reviewed after 48 hours, and returns the draft to the AfC queue after 72 hours if no action is taken.
Links to relevant discussions (where appropriate): Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation#Drafts_Marked_as_Being_Reviewed_but_Forgotten, Wikipedia:Bot_requests#A_auto-message_bot_for_AfC_reviews?
Edit period(s): Daily
Estimated number of pages affected: <5
Exclusion compliant (Yes/No): Yes
Already has a bot flag (Yes/No): No
Function details: Bot goes through :Category:Pending AfC submissions being reviewed now and checks if 48 hours have passed, and notifies the reviewer if so. Where the reviewer has been notified and 72 hours have passed, the bot will mark the draft as pending again. |
Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/TenshiBot 2 | Discussion | Discussion
– DreamRimmer ■ 16:27, 20 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/TenshiBot 2 | Table of Content | <noinclude>[[Category:Open Wikipedia bot requests for approval, [[User:TenshiBot, Discussion |
Portugaw | # | redirect Portugal |
Portugaw | Table of Content | # |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | AFC submission |
Jessye Romeo is a British actress. She is known for her work in numerous stage and television roles, including portraying Robyn Loxley in the Robyn Hood series, Megan in the Sky One series Curfew, Katie Browning in the Batman spinoff Pennyworth, Jadesolo Okoro in Death in Paradise and Ellie in The Beautiful Game. She also wrote directed and starred in a short drama, Home. In 2020 she received a British Independent Film Festival Award as Best Actress for the short drama Lucky Break and was a 2024 Nominee Canadian Screen Award for Best Ensemble Performance, for the CW series, Robyn Hood. |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | Early Life | Early Life
Jessye Romeo was born to D.J. Jazzie B, frontman of urban music collective Soul II Soul and Efua Baker of Ghana. She has a brother Mahlon Romeo, who played defender for Cardiff City until parting ways in August of 2024.[1] |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | Filmography | Filmography
+ Television Year Title Role 2017 Will Stylish Girl 2018 Doctors Sarah Knight 2018 In the Long Run Adelaide 2018 Lucky Man Aleesha Blythe 2019 Curfew Megan Donahue 2020 Pennyworth Katie Browning 2022 Death in Paradise Jadesola Okoro 2022 Grace Sophie Carrington 2023 Robyn Hood Robyn Loxley 2024 Sweetpea Anni
+ Films Year Film Role 2011 The Somnambulists Woman 2016 Mindhorn Secretary 2024 The Beautiful Game Ellie |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | Shorts | Shorts
+ Shorts Year Short Title Role 2020 Windrush Betrayal Niece 2020 Lucky Break Uloaku 2021 Home Star/Writer/Producer 2021 Echinacea Her |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | Stage | Stage
+ Plays Year Play Role 2015 Martyr Lydia 2017 Big Guns One |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | References | References
1. ^ Jessye RomeoThe Internet Movie Database. Retrieved May 19, 2025. |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | External links | External links
Jessye Romeo at IMDb |
Draft:Jessye Romeo | Table of Content | AFC submission, Early Life, Filmography, Shorts, Stage, References, External links |
Category:February 2009 sports events in Italy | MonthCategoryNav | Sports |
Category:February 2009 sports events in Italy | Table of Content | MonthCategoryNav |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Size estimates of Spinosaurus
The size of *Spinosaurus aegyptiacus* has been the subject of ongoing scientific debate. Estimates have varied significantly over the years, particularly due to the fragmentary nature of the fossil record. Various reconstructions and techniques — from skull scaling to 3D skeletal modeling — have led to different conclusions regarding the dinosaur's length and mass. |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Early size estimates | Early size estimates
The first significant attempt to estimate the size of *Spinosaurus* was made by Dal Sasso et al. (2005), who described a partial skull (specimen MSNM V4047) and extrapolated its total length based on comparisons with related spinosaurids. With a skull length of approximately 1.75 meters, they estimated *Spinosaurus* may have reached up to **16–18 meters** in length. No mass estimate was given, but later researchers extrapolated that such a size could imply a weight of **13–20 tonnes**.
Dal Sasso, C., Maganuco, S., & Buffetaut, E. (2005). New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its size and affinities. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*, 25(4), 888–896. |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Revised reconstructions | Revised reconstructions
In 2014, Ibrahim et al. described a more complete *Spinosaurus* specimen (FSAC-KK 11888) that included parts of the skull, axial skeleton, and limbs. Based on this specimen, they proposed a total body length of approximately **15 meters and 10 tonnes**. Subsequent work in 2020 further reconstructed the tail and reinforced the aquatic adaptations of *Spinosaurus as a aquatic purist predator which has been widely contested and with new evidence it is thought to be a shore-line generalist.
Ibrahim, N. et al. (2014). Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur. *Science*, 345(6204), 1613–1616. Ibrahim, N. et al. (2020). Tail-propelled aquatic locomotion in a theropod dinosaur. *Nature*, 581(7806), 67–70. |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | CT scan–based estimates | CT scan–based estimates
In response to earlier reconstructions, Henderson (2018) used CT scan data and 3D modeling to re-estimate the mass of *Spinosaurus*. He found that previous reconstructions may have overestimated torso proportions. His biomechanical model yielded an estimated mass of approximately **7.4 tonnes** for a **14-meters** individual, challenging the larger estimates from skull-based scaling. With more recent CT scans such as Paul Sereno' (2022) also used 3D modelling and also got the same result for the largest specimens were 7.4 tonnes and 14.2 meters
Henderson, D. M. (2018). A buoyancy, balance and stability challenge to the hypothesis of a semi-aquatic Spinosaurus. *PeerJ*, 6, e5409. |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Summary of published estimates | Summary of published estimates
SourceLength (m)Mass (tonnes)NotesDal Sasso et al. (2005)16–18Not stated (inferred up to 20)Based on skull scalingIbrahim et al. (2014, 2020)~15~7.5Based on new fossil materialHenderson (2018)~14~7.4CT-based 3D modelPaul (2016)Up to 1810–20 (estimated)Field guide, not peer-reviewed |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Scientific controversy | Scientific controversy
The larger size estimates have been widely contested by some researchers. Critics argue that skull-based scaling may lead to overestimation, especially when the rest of the skeleton is not preserved. Others point out that mass estimates over 10 tonnes lack support from rigorous biomechanical modeling. Nonetheless, the size of *Spinosaurus* remains uncertain due to the incomplete fossil record — some estimates suggest that as much as 70% of the skeleton is still unknown, which means particularly in larger individuals true size is still uncertain.
Evers, S. W., & Benson, R. B. J. (2019). A new phylogenetic analysis of Spinosauridae. *PeerJ*, 7, e7241. |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Conclusion | Conclusion
Size estimates for *Spinosaurus* have ranged from **14 to 18 meters** in length and from **7.4 to over 10 tonnes** in weight. The most recent peer-reviewed studies suggest lengths of **14–15 meters** and weights around **7.4–8 tonnes**, while earlier reconstructions based on limited material allowed for larger sizes. Ongoing discoveries and more complete specimens may help clarify the true size of Spinosaurus So in conclusion the most recent data suggests that the size was 14 to 15 meters (46–50 feet) and 7.4-10 tonnes was the most likely. But it is still possible for the larger estimates could have been 14-18m and 10+ tonnes making it the largest meat-eating dinosaur of all time. |
Draft:Size estimates of Spinosaurus | Table of Content | Size estimates of Spinosaurus, Early size estimates, Revised reconstructions, CT scan–based estimates, Summary of published estimates, Scientific controversy, Conclusion |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | AFC submission |
<!–– Important, do not remove anything above this line before the article has been created. ––>
All Seniors Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in Encino, Los Angeles, California. It provides medical care, healthcare supplies, and supportive services free of charge for senior citizens. |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | History | History
All Seniors Foundation was established in 2022 by Gevorg Adjian, Armine Tadevosyan, and Chris Terry to provide support to seniors facing challenges accessing medical and social services. |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | Services | Services
The organization offers services including medical visits, home healthcare, hospice support, and supplies such as wheelchairs, walkers, canes, and incontinence products. Additional offerings include wellness programs, educational workshops, transportation assistance, and activities aimed at reducing isolation. |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | Media Coverage | Media Coverage
In 2025, All Seniors Foundation was mentioned in media reports addressing Social Security administrative challenges. Reports in the Los Angeles Times, Moneywise, and PennLive highlighted the foundation's role in assisting seniors affected by these issues. |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | Partnerships | Partnerships
All Seniors Foundation partners with healthcare providers, including Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA Health, and the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | Recognition | Recognition
The organization is recognized by Los Angeles County as a community partner for senior services and is registered as a charitable organization on GuideStar. |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | References | References |
Draft:All Seniors Foundation | Table of Content | AFC submission, History, Services, Media Coverage, Partnerships, Recognition, References |
Category:May 2009 sports events in Italy | MonthCategoryNav | Sports |
Category:May 2009 sports events in Italy | Table of Content | MonthCategoryNav |
SIGMA 155 | Short description | thumb|A SIGMA 155 system
The SIGMA 155 is a 155mm self-propelled howitzer manufactured by the Israeli defense company Elbit Systems. It is slated to replace the M109 howitzer as the principal artillery system of the Israel Defense Forces. The variant designed for Israeli use is the SIGMA 155 Ro'em, while an export variant is also planned.
The SIGMA 155 consists of a 155mm L52 cannon mounted on an Oshkosh 10x10 LVSR truck with a modified chassis, including an armored cabin to protect the crew. The turret is remotely controlled, and the selection of ammunition rounds, loading, and gun laying functions are fully automated. The crew can conduct all firing operations from inside the cabin. The system is capable of firing eight rounds per minute, and can fire shells sequentially at different trajectories for a salvo effect. It can carry up to 40 rounds. The system can transition from travel to fire mode in one minute. During firing, hydraulically operated spades deploy on each side of the chassis to stabilize the vehicle and they retract after firing. The SIGMA 155 Ro'em has a firing range of 40 kilometers (25 miles). The variant designed for the export market is planned to have a firing range of 80 kilometers (50 miles). The SIGMA 155 system is designed for a crew of three: the mission commander, gunner, and driver.Behind the scenes of the IDF’s next-gen artillery
The SIGMA 155 saw its first operational firing by IDF gunners in June 2024. Its first deployment with the IDF is planned to take place in 2025. It is expected to be in IDF service for at least 50 years. |
SIGMA 155 | References | References
Category:155 mm artillery
Category:Wheeled self-propelled artillery
Category:Wheeled self-propelled howitzers
Category:Self-propelled howitzers of Israel |
SIGMA 155 | Table of Content | Short description, References |
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Template:Football squad player sort | Table of Content | <includeonly>{{Football squad player |
Draft:Autotrader Australia | AFC submission |
Autotrader Australia (stylised simply as Autotrader) is an online automotive-classifieds marketplace based in Sydney. Launched on 30 November 2018 as the first international off-shoot of the American Autotrader brand, the site lists new, used and demonstrator vehicles from franchised dealers and private sellers and publishes consumer-facing editorial and pricing data for the Australian market. |
Draft:Autotrader Australia | History | History
Plans for an Australian version of Autotrader surfaced in 2017 after Cox Automotive’s local arm bought News Corp's stake in . Following a multimillion-dollar marketing push, the Australian site went live in 2018, promising to "reduce risk" for car buyers through transparent pricing and visible dealer reviews. Creative agency Saatchi & Saatchi introduced the brand nationally in February 2019 with the integrated “A Smarter Way to Trade Auto” campaign that spanned television, outdoor, digital and print media. A second brand platform, “Feel Like a Car Person,” debuted in July 2021 and shifted the focus from listings quantity to buyer empowerment and education.
In August 2022, The Market Herald agreed to acquire Gumtree, CarsGuide and Autotrader, a deal completed on 31 August 2022. |
Draft:Autotrader Australia | References | References |
Draft:Autotrader Australia | External links | External links
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Draft:Autotrader Australia | Table of Content | AFC submission, History, References, External links |
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