title
stringlengths 1
251
| section
stringlengths 0
6.12k
| text
stringlengths 0
716k
|
|---|---|---|
April 12 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1910 – , one of the last pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, is launched.
1917 – World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.
1927 – Shanghai massacre of 1927: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Chinese Communist Party members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.
1927 – Rocksprings, Texas is hit by an F5 tornado that destroys 235 of the 247 buildings in the town, kills 72 townspeople, and injures 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.
1928 – The Bremen, a German Junkers W 33 type aircraft, takes off for the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
1934 – The strongest surface wind gust in the world at the time of 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. It has since been surpassed.
1934 – The U.S. Auto-Lite strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
1937 – Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
1945 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in office; Vice President Harry S. Truman becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.
1945 – World War II: The U.S. Ninth Army under General William H. Simpson crosses the Elbe River astride Magdeburg, and reaches Tangermünde—only from Berlin.
1955 – The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
1961 – Space Race: The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first crewed orbital flight, Vostok 1.
1963 – The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.
1970 – Soviet submarine K-8, carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.
1980 – The Americo-Liberian government of Liberia is violently deposed.
1980 – Transbrasil Flight 303, a Boeing 727, crashes on approach to Hercílio Luz International Airport in Florianópolis, Brazil. Fifty-five out of the 58 people on board are killed.
1980 – Canadian runner and athlete, Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope Run in St. John's, NF
1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission.
1983 – Harold Washington is elected as the first black mayor of Chicago.
1985 – Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-51D to deploy two communications satellites.
1990 – Jim Gary's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.
1990 – Widerøe Flight 839 crashes after takeoff from Værøy Airport in Norway, killing five people.
1992 – The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland; the resort and its park's name are subsequently changed to Disneyland Resort Paris.
1999 – United States President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a civil lawsuit; he is later fined and disbarred.
1999 – During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, an American McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle shoots a passenger train, killing between 20 and 60 people.
2002 – A suicide bomber blows herself up at the entrance to Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda Market, killing seven people and wounding 104.
2007 – A suicide bomber penetrates the Green Zone and detonates in a cafeteria within a parliament building, killing Iraqi MP Mohammed Awad and wounding more than twenty other people.
2009 – Zimbabwe officially abandons the Zimbabwean dollar as its official currency.
2010 – Merano derailment: A rail accident in South Tyrol kills nine people and injures a further 28.
2011 – Minsk Metro bombing kills 15 people and injuries 204 when a bomb is detonated within the Minsk Metro, Belarus.
2013 – Two suicide bombers kill three Chadian soldiers and injure dozens of civilians at a market in Kidal, Mali.
2014 – The Great Fire of Valparaíso ravages the Chilean city of Valparaíso, killing 16 people, displacing nearly 10,000, and destroying over 2,000 homes. |
April 12 | Births | Births |
April 12 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
811 – Muhammad al-Jawad, the ninth Imam of Shia Islam (d. 835)
959 – En'yū, emperor of Japan (d. 991)
1116 – Richeza of Poland, queen of Sweden and Grand Princess of Minsk (d. 1156)
1432 – Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia (d. 1462)
1484 – Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect, designed the Apostolic Palace and St. Peter's Basilica (d. 1546)
1484 – Maharana Sangram Singh, Rana of Mewar (d. 1527)
1500 – Joachim Camerarius, German scholar and translator (d. 1574)
1526 – Muretus, French philosopher and author (d. 1585)
1550 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English courtier and politician, Lord Great Chamberlain (d. 1604)
1577 – Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648) |
April 12 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1612 – Simone Cantarini, Italian painter and engraver (d. 1648)
1639 – Martin Lister, English naturalist and physician (d. 1712)
1656 – Benoît de Maillet, French diplomat and natural historian (d. 1738)
1705 – William Cookworthy, English minister and pharmacist (d. 1780)
1710 – Caffarelli, Italian actor and singer (d. 1783)
1713 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French historian and author (d. 1796)
1716 – Felice Giardini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1796)
1722 – Pietro Nardini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1793)
1724 – Lyman Hall, American physician, clergyman, and politician, 16th Governor of Georgia (d. 1790)
1748 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist and author (d. 1836)
1777 – Henry Clay, American lawyer and politician, 9th United States Secretary of State (d. 1852)
1792 – John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, English soldier and politician, Lord Privy Seal (d. 1840)
1794 – Germinal Pierre Dandelin, Belgian mathematician and engineer (d. 1847)
1796 – George N. Briggs, American lawyer and politician, 19th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1861)
1799 – Henri Druey, Swiss lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1855)
1801 – Joseph Lanner, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1843)
1816 – Charles Gavan Duffy, Irish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Victoria (d. 1903)
1823 – Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian playwright and translator (d. 1886)
1839 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian geographer and explorer (d. 1888)
1845 – Gustaf Cederström, Swedish painter (d. 1933)
1851 – José Gautier Benítez, Puerto Rican soldier and poet (d. 1880)
1851 – Edward Walter Maunder, English astronomer and author (d. 1928)
1852 – Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician and academic (d. 1939)
1856 – Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, English mountaineer, cartographer, and politician (d. 1937)
1863 – Raul Pompeia, Brazilian writer (d. 1895)
1868 – Akiyama Saneyuki, Japanese admiral (d. 1918)
1869 – Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (d. 1922)
1871 – Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and politician, 130th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1941)
1874 – William B. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician, 47th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1940)
1880 – Addie Joss, American baseball player and journalist (d. 1911)
1883 – Imogen Cunningham, American photographer and educator (d. 1976)
1883 – Dally Messenger, Australian rugby player, cricketer, and sailor (d. 1959)
1884 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (d. 1932)
1884 – Otto Meyerhof, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
1885 – Robert Delaunay, French painter (d. 1941)
1887 – Harold Lockwood, American actor and director (d. 1918)
1888 – Dan Ahearn, Irish-American long jumper and police officer (d. 1942)
1888 – Cecil Kimber, English automobile engineer (d. 1945)
1892 – Henry Darger, American writer and artist (d. 1973)
1894 – Dorothy Cumming, Australian-American actress (d. 1983)
1894 – Francisco Craveiro Lopes, Portuguese field marshal and politician, 13th President of Portugal (d. 1964)
1898 – Lily Pons, French-American soprano and actress (d. 1976) |
April 12 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1901 – Lowell Stockman, American farmer and politician (d. 1962)
1902 – Louis Beel, Dutch academic and politician, 36th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)
1903 – Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
1907 – Felix de Weldon, Austrian-American sculptor, designed the Marine Corps War Memorial (d. 2003)
1907 – Zawgyi, Burmese poet, author, literary historian, critic, scholar and academic (d. 1990)
1908 – Ida Pollock, English author and painter (d. 2013)
1908 – Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American pilot and general (d. 2006)
1910 – Gillo Dorfles, Italian art critic, painter and philosopher (d. 2018)
1910 – Irma Rapuzzi, French politician (d. 2018)
1911 – Mahmoud Younis, Egyptian engineer (d. 1976)
1912 – Frank Dilio, Canadian businessman (d. 1997)
1912 – Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, 2nd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)
1912 – Hound Dog Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
1913 – Keiko Fukuda, Japanese-American martial artist (d. 2013)
1914 – Armen Alchian, American economist and academic (d. 2013)
1916 – Beverly Cleary, American author (d. 2021)
1916 – Russell Garcia, American-New Zealand composer and conductor (d. 2011)
1916 – Benjamin Libet, American neuropsychologist and academic (d. 2007)
1917 – Helen Forrest, American singer and actress (d. 1999)
1917 – Vinoo Mankad, Indian cricketer (d. 1978)
1917 – Robert Manzon, French racing driver (d. 2015)
1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer and educator (d. 2012)
1919 – Billy Vaughn, American musician and bandleader (d. 1991)
1921 – Robert Cliche, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1978)
1922 – Simon Kapwepwe, Zambian politician, 2nd Vice President of Zambia (d. 1980)
1923 – Ann Miller, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2004)
1924 – Raymond Barre, French economist and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2007)
1924 – Peter Safar, Austrian physician and academic (d. 2003)
1924 – Curtis Turner, American race car driver (d. 1970)
1925 – Evelyn Berezin, American computer scientist and engineer (d. 2018)
1925 – Ned Miller, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
1925 – Oliver Postgate, English animator, puppeteer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
1926 – Jane Withers, American actress (d. 2021)
1927 – Thomas Hemsley, English baritone (d. 2013)
1927 – Alvin Sargent, American screenwriter (d. 2019)
1928 – Hardy Krüger, German actor (d. 2022)
1928 – Jean-François Paillard, French conductor (d. 2013)
1929 – Elspet Gray, Scottish actress (d. 2013)
1929 – Mukhran Machavariani, Georgian poet and educator (d. 2010)
1930 – John Landy, Australian runner and politician, 26th Governor of Victoria (d. 2022)
1930 – Bryan Magee, English philosopher and politician (d. 2019)
1930 – Manuel Neri, American sculptor and painter (d. 2021)
1930 – Pythagoras Papastamatiou, Greek lyricist and playwright (d. 1979)
1930 – Michał Życzkowski, Polish technician and educator (d. 2006)
1931 – Leonid Derbenyov, Russian poet and songwriter (d. 1995)
1932 – Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 5th Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2005)
1932 – Herbert Butros Khaury, American singer and ukulele player (d. 1996)
1932 – Jean-Pierre Marielle, French actor (d. 2019)
1933 – Montserrat Caballé, Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2018)
1934 – Heinz Schneiter, Swiss footballer and manager (d. 2017)
1935 – Jimmy Makulis, Greek singer (d. 2007)
1936 – Tony Earl, American politician, 40th Governor of Wisconsin (d. 2023)
1936 – Charles Napier, American actor (d. 2011)
1936 – Kennedy Simmonds, Kittitian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
1937 – Dennis Banks, American author and activist (d. 2017)
1937 – Igor Volk, Ukrainian-Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)
1939 – Alan Ayckbourn, English director and playwright
1939 – Johnny Raper, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2022)
1940 – Woodie Fryman, American baseball player (d. 2011)
1940 – Herbie Hancock, American pianist, composer, and bandleader
1941 – Bobby Moore, English footballer and manager (d. 1993)
1942 – Bill Bryden, Scottish actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2022)
1942 – Carlos Reutemann, Argentinian race car driver and politician (d. 2021)
1942 – Jacob Zuma, South African politician, 4th President of South Africa
1943 – Sumitra Mahajan, Indian politician, 16th Speaker of the Lok Sabha
1944 – Lisa Jardine, English historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)
1944 – John Kay, German-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1945 – Lee Jong-wook, South Korean physician and diplomat (d. 2006)
1946 – John Dunsworth, Canadian actor and comedian (d. 2017)
1946 – Ed O'Neill, American actor and comedian
1946 – George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen, Scottish politician and diplomat, 10th Secretary General of NATO
1947 – Roy M. Anderson, English epidemiologist, zoologist, and academic
1947 – Martin Brasier, English palaeontologist, biologist, and academic (d. 2014)
1947 – Tom Clancy, American historian and author (d. 2013)
1947 – David Letterman, American comedian and talk show host
1947 – Wayne Northrop, American actor (d. 2024)
1948 – Jeremy Beadle, English television host and producer (d. 2008)
1948 – Joschka Fischer, German academic and politician
1948 – Christos Iakovou, Greek weightlifter
1948 – Marcello Lippi, Italian footballer, manager, and coach
1949 – Scott Turow, American lawyer and author
1949 – Pravin Gordhan, South African politician (d. 2024)
1950 – Joyce Banda, Malawian politician, 4th president of Malawi
1950 – Flavio Briatore, Italian businessman
1950 – David Cassidy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
1950 – Nicholas Sackman, English composer and educator
1951 – Tom Noonan, American actor
1952 – Reuben Gant, American football player
1952 – Leicester Rutledge, New Zealand rugby player
1952 – Gary Soto, American poet, novelist, and memoirist
1952 – Ralph Wiley, American journalist (d. 2004)
1953 – Tanino Liberatore, Italian author and illustrator
1954 – John Faulkner, Australian educator and politician, 52nd Australian Minister for Defence
1954 – Steve Stevaert, Belgian businessman and politician (d. 2015)
1954 – Pat Travers, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1955 – Fabian Hamilton, English graphic designer, engineer, and politician
1956 – Andy Garcia, Cuban-American actor, director, and producer
1956 – Herbert Grönemeyer, German singer-songwriter and actor
1957 – Greg Child, Australian mountaineer and author
1957 – Vince Gill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1957 – Tama Janowitz, American novelist and short story writer
1958 – Will Sergeant, English guitarist
1958 – Klaus Tafelmeier, German javelin thrower
1958 – Ginka Zagorcheva, Bulgarian hurdler
1960 – David Thirdkill, American basketball player
1961 – Corrado Fabi, Italian racing driver
1961 – Charles Mann, American football player and sportscaster
1961 – Magda Szubanski, English-Australian actress, comedian and writer
1962 – Art Alexakis, American singer-songwriter and musician
1962 – Carlos Sainz, Spanish racing driver
1962 – Nobuhiko Takada, Japanese mixed martial artist and wrestler, founded Hustle
1963 – Lydia Cacho, Mexican journalist and author
1964 – Chris Fairclough, English footballer and coach
1964 – Amy Ray, American folk-rock singer-songwriter, musician, and music producer
1965 – Kim Bodnia, Danish actor and director
1965 – Chi Onwurah, English politician
1965 – Gervais Rufyikiri, Burundian politician
1965 – Mihai Stoica, Romanian footballer and manager
1966 – Nils-Olav Johansen, Norwegian guitarist and singer
1966 – Lorenzo White, American football player
1967 – Sarah Cracknell, English singer-songwriter
1968 – Alicia Coppola, American actress
1968 – Toby Gad, German songwriter and producer
1968 – Adam Graves, Canadian ice hockey player
1969 – Michael Jackson, American football player and politician (d. 2017)
1969 – Jörn Lenz, German footballer and manager
1969 – Lucas Radebe, South African footballer and sportscaster
1970 – Sylvain Bouchard, Canadian speed skater
1971 – Nicholas Brendon, American actor
1971 – Shannen Doherty, American actress, director, and producer (d. 2024)
1972 – Paul Lo Duca, American baseball player and sportscaster
1973 – J. Scott Campbell, American author and illustrator
1973 – Ryan Kisor, American trumpet player and composer
1973 – Antonio Osuna, Mexican-American baseball player
1973 – Christian Panucci, Italian footballer and manager
1974 – Belinda Emmett, Australian actress (d. 2006)
1974 – Bryan Fletcher, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
1974 – Roman Hamrlík, Czech ice hockey player
1974 – Marley Shelton, American actress
1974 – Sylvinho, Brazilian footballer and manager
1976 – Olga Kotlyarova, Russian runner
1976 – Brad Miller, American basketball player
1977 – Giovanny Espinoza, Ecuadorian footballer
1977 – Sarah Monahan, Australian actress
1977 – Jason Price, Welsh footballer
1977 – Glenn Rogers, Australian-Scottish cricketer
1978 – Guy Berryman, Scottish bassist (Coldplay)
1978 – Scott Crary, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1978 – Svetlana Lapina, Russian high jumper
1978 – Robin Walker, English businessman and politician
1979 – Claire Danes, American actress
1979 – Elena Grosheva, Russian gymnast
1979 – Mateja Kežman, Serbian footballer
1979 – Jennifer Morrison, American actress
1979 – Sergio Pellissier, Italian footballer
1979 – Cristian Ranalli, Italian footballer
1979 – Lee Soo-young, South Korean singer
1980 – Sara Head, Welsh Paralympic table tennis champion
1980 – Brian McFadden, Irish singer-songwriter
1981 – Yuriy Borzakovskiy, Russian runner
1981 – Nicolás Burdisso, Argentinian footballer
1981 – Tulsi Gabbard, American politician
1981 – Grant Holt, English footballer and professional wrestler
1981 – Hisashi Iwakuma, Japanese baseball pitcher
1983 – Jelena Dokic, Serbian-Australian tennis player
1983 – Luke Kibet, Kenyan runner
1984 – Aleksey Dmitrik, Russian high jumper
1985 – Brennan Boesch, American baseball player
1985 – Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer
1986 – Brad Brach, American baseball pitcher
1986 – Blerim Džemaili, Swiss footballer
1986 – Marcel Granollers, Spanish tennis player
1986 – Jonathan Pitroipa, Burkinabé footballer
1987 – Luiz Adriano, Brazilian professional footballer
1987 – Brooklyn Decker, American model and actress
1987 – Shawn Gore, Canadian football player
1987 – Josh McCrone, Australian rugby league player
1987 – Brendon Urie, American singer, songwriter, musician and multi-instrumentalist
1988 – Ricky Álvarez, Argentinian footballer
1988 – Stephen Brogan, English footballer
1988 – Amedeo Calliari, Italian footballer
1988 – Jessie James Decker, American singer-songwriter
1988 – Moamen Zakaria, Egyptian footballer
1989 – Bethan Dainton, Welsh rugby union player
1989 – Ádám Hanga, Hungarian basketball player
1989 – Miguel Ángel Ponce, American-Mexican footballer
1989 – Valentin Stocker, Swiss footballer
1989 – Kaitlyn Weaver, Canadian-American ice dancer
1990 – Francesca Halsall, English swimmer
1990 – Hiroki Sakai, Japanese footballer
1991 – Lionel Carole, French professional footballer
1991 – Torey Krug, American ice hockey player
1991 – Oliver Norwood, English born Northern Irish international footballer
1991 – Magnus Pääjärvi, Swedish ice hockey player
1991 – Jazz Richards, Welsh international footballer
1992 – Chad le Clos, South African swimmer
1993 – Robin Anderson, American tennis player
1993 – Jordan Archer, English-Scottish footballer
1993 – Ryan Nugent-Hopkins, Canadian ice hockey player
1994 – Eric Bailly, Ivorian professional footballer
1994 – Isabelle Drummond, Brazilian actress and singer
1994 – Guido Rodríguez, Argentine footballer
1994 – Saoirse Ronan, American-born Irish actress
1994 – Oh Sehun, South Korean musician
1995 – Pedro Cachin, Argentine tennis player
1996 – Jan Bednarek, Polish footballer
1996 – Matteo Berrettini, Italian tennis player
1996 – Elizaveta Kulichkova, Russian tennis player |
April 12 | Deaths | Deaths |
April 12 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
45 BC – Gnaeus Pompeius, Roman general and politician (b. 75 BC)
352 – Julius I, pope of the Catholic Church
434 – Maximianus, archbishop of Constantinople
901 – Eudokia Baïana, Byzantine empress and wife of Leo VI
1125 – Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia (b. 1065)
1167 – Charles VII, king of Sweden (b. c. 1130)
1256 – Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre, regent of Navarre (b. c. 1217)
1443 – Henry Chichele, English archbishop (b. 1364)
1500 – Leonhard of Gorizia, Count of Gorz (b. 1440)
1530 – Joanna La Beltraneja, Princess of Castile (b. 1462)
1550 – Claude, Duke of Guise (b. 1496)
1555 – Joanna, Queen of Castile and Aragon (b. 1479) |
April 12 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1675 – Richard Bennett, English politician, colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)
1684 – Nicola Amati, Italian instrument maker (b. 1596)
1687 – Ambrose Dixon, English-American soldier (b. 1619)
1704 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)
1748 – William Kent, English architect, designed Holkham Hall and Chiswick House (b. 1685)
1782 – Metastasio, Italian-Austrian poet and composer (b. 1698)
1788 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-Italian composer (b. 1719)
1795 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (b. 1710)
1814 – Charles Burney, English composer and historian (b. 1726)
1817 – Charles Messier, French astronomer and academic (b. 1730)
1850 – Adoniram Judson, American lexicographer and missionary (b. 1788)
1866 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English politician, founded Fleetwood (b. 1801)
1872 – Nikolaos Mantzaros, Greek composer and theorist (b. 1795)
1878 – William M. Tweed, American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)
1879 – Richard Taylor, Confederate general (b. 1826)
1885 – William Crowther, Dutch-Australian politician, 14th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1817)
1898 – Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Canadian cardinal (b. 1820) |
April 12 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1902 – Marie Alfred Cornu, French physicist and academic (b. 1842)
1906 – Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, Indian scholar, academic, and philanthropist (b. 1836)
1912 – Clara Barton, American nurse and humanitarian, founded the American Red Cross (b. 1821)
1920 – Vlasis Gavriilidis, Greek jourtnalist (b. 1848)
1933 – Adelbert Ames, American general and politician, 30th Governor of Mississippi (b. 1835)
1937 – Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan, Turkish playwright and poet (b. 1852)
1938 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (b. 1873)
1943 – Viktor Puskar, Estonian colonel (b. 1889)
1945 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, American lawyer and politician, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
1953 – Lionel Logue, Australian actor and therapist (b. 1880)
1962 – Ron Flockhart, Scottish racing driver (b. 1923)
1966 – Sydney Allard, English racing driver and founder of the Allard car company (b. 1910)
1968 – Heinrich Nordhoff, German engineer (b. 1899)
1971 – Ed Lafitte, American baseball player and dentist (b. 1886)
1973 – Arthur Freed, American songwriter and producer (b. 1894)
1975 – Josephine Baker, French actress, activist, and humanitarian (b. 1906)
1976 – Christos Kakkalos, Greek mountain guide (b. 1882)
1977 – Philip K. Wrigley, American businessman, co-founded Lincoln Park Gun Club (b. 1894)
1980 – William R. Tolbert, Jr., Liberian politician, 20th President of Liberia (b. 1913)
1981 – Prince Yasuhiko Asaka of Japan (b. 1887)
1981 – Joe Louis, American boxer and wrestler (b. 1914)
1983 – Jørgen Juve, Norwegian football player and journalist (b. 1906)
1983 – Carl Morton, American baseball player (b. 1944)
1984 – Edwin T. Layton, American admiral and cryptanalyst (b. 1903)
1986 – Valentin Kataev, Russian author and playwright (b. 1897)
1988 – Colette Deréal, French singer and actress (b. 1927)
1988 – Alan Paton, South African historian and author (b. 1903)
1989 – Abbie Hoffman, American activist, co-founded Youth International Party (b. 1936)
1989 – Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (b. 1921)
1992 – Ilario Bandini, Italian racing driver and businessman (b. 1911)
1997 – George Wald, American neurologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
1998 – Robert Ford, Canadian poet and diplomat (b. 1915)
1999 – Boxcar Willie, American singer-songwriter (b. 1931)
2001 – Harvey Ball, American illustrator, created the smiley (b. 1921)
2002 – George Shevelov, Ukrainian-American linguist and philologist (b. 1908)
2004 – Moran Campbell, Canadian physician and academic, invented the venturi mask (b. 1925)
2006 – William Sloane Coffin, American minister and activist (b. 1924)
2007 – Kevin Crease, Australian journalist (b. 1936)
2008 – Cecilia Colledge, English-American figure skater and coach (b. 1920)
2008 – Patrick Hillery, Irish physician and politician, 6th President of Ireland (b. 1923)
2008 – Jerry Zucker, Israeli-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1949)
2009 – Marilyn Chambers, American actress
2010 – Michel Chartrand, Canadian trade union leader (b. 1916)
2010 – Werner Schroeter, German director and screenwriter (b. 1945)
2011 – Karim Fakhrawi, Bahraini journalist, co-founded Al-Wasat (b. 1962)
2012 – Mohit Chattopadhyay, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1934)
2012 – Rodgers Grant, American pianist and composer (b. 1935)
2013 – Robert Byrne, American chess player and author (b. 1928)
2013 – Johnny du Plooy, South African boxer (b. 1964)
2013 – Michael France, American screenwriter (b. 1962)
2013 – Brennan Manning, American priest and author (b. 1934)
2013 – Annamária Szalai, Hungarian journalist and politician (b. 1961)
2013 – Ya'akov Yosef, Israeli rabbi and politician (b. 1946)
2014 – Pierre Autin-Grenier, French author and poet (b. 1947)
2014 – Pierre-Henri Menthéour, French cyclist (b. 1960)
2014 – Maurício Alves Peruchi, Brazilian footballer (b. 1990)
2014 – Hal Smith, American baseball player and coach (b. 1931)
2014 – Billy Standridge, American race car driver (b. 1953)
2015 – Paulo Brossard, Brazilian jurist and politician (b. 1924)
2015 – Patrice Dominguez, Algerian-French tennis player and trainer (b. 1950)
2015 – Alfred Eick, German commander (b. 1916)
2015 – André Mba Obame, Gabonese politician (b. 1957)
2016 – Mohammad Al Gaz, Emirati politician & diplomat (b. 1930)
2016 – Anne Jackson, American actress (b. 1925)
2017 – Charlie Murphy, American actor and comedian (b. 1959)
2020 – Tarvaris Jackson, American football player (b. 1983)
2021 – Joseph Siravo, American actor and producer (b. 1955)
2022 – Gilbert Gottfried, American comedian, actor, and singer (b. 1955)
2024 – Roberto Cavalli, Italian fashion designer and inventor (b. 1940)
2024 – Eleanor Coppola, American filmmaker (b. 1936)
2024 – Robert MacNeil, Canadian-American journalist and author (b. 1931)
2025 –Pilita Corrales, Filipino singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1939) |
April 12 | Holidays and observances | Holidays and observances
Children's Day (Bolivia)
Christian feast day:
Adoniram Judson (Episcopal Church)
Alferius
Blessed Angelo Carletti di Chivasso
Erkembode
Pope Julius I
Teresa of the Andes
Zeno of Verona
April 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Commemoration of first human in space by Yuri Gagarin:
Cosmonautics Day (Russia)
International Day of Human Space Flight
Yuri's Night (International observance)
Halifax Day (North Carolina)
National Redemption Day (Liberia) |
April 12 | References | References |
April 12 | External links | External links
BBC: On This Day
Historical Events on April 12
Category:Days of April |
April 12 | Table of Content | pp-move, Events, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Births, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Deaths, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Holidays and observances, References, External links |
April 15 | pp-move | |
April 15 | Events | Events |
April 15 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.;
1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscard.
1450 – Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in Northern France. |
April 15 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1632 – Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
1642 – Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of a Royalist Army.
1715 – The Pocotaligo Massacre triggers the start of the Yamasee War in colonial South Carolina.
1736 – Foundation of the short-lived Kingdom of Corsica.
1738 – Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, receives its premiere performance in London, England.
1755 – Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language is published in London.
1817 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc found the American School for the Deaf (then called the Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons), the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut.
1861 – President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 militiamen to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War.
1865 – President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth. Three hours later, Vice President Andrew Johnson is sworn in as president.
1892 – The General Electric Company is formed.
1896 – Closing ceremony of the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens, Greece.
1900 – Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas launch a surprise attack on U.S. infantry and begin a four-day siege of Catubig, Philippines. |
April 15 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1912 – The British passenger liner sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,224 passengers and crew on board survive.
1920 – Two security guards are murdered during a robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti would be convicted of and executed for the crime, amid much controversy.
1922 – U.S. Senator John B. Kendrick of Wyoming introduces a resolution calling for an investigation of a secret land deal, which leads to the discovery of the Teapot Dome scandal.
1923 – Insulin becomes generally available for use by people with diabetes.
1923 – Racially motivated Nihon Shōgakkō fire lit by a serial arsonist kills 10 children in Sacramento, California.
1936 – First day of the Arab revolt in Mandatory Palestine.
1941 – In the Belfast Blitz, 200 bombers of the German Luftwaffe attack Belfast, killing some 1,000 people.
1942 – The George Cross is awarded "to the island fortress of Malta" by King George VI.
1945 – Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated.
1947 – Jackie Robinson debuts for the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking baseball's color line.
1952 – First flight of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress.
1955 – McDonald's restaurant dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois.
1960 – At Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina, Ella Baker leads a conference that results in the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, one of the principal organizations of the civil rights movement in the 1960s.
1969 – The EC-121 shootdown incident: North Korea shoots down a United States Navy aircraft over the Sea of Japan, killing all 31 on board.
1970 – During the Cambodian Civil War, massacre of the Vietnamese minority results in 800 bodies flowing down the Mekong river into South Vietnam.
1986 – The United States launches Operation El Dorado Canyon, its bombing raids against Libyan targets in response to a discotheque bombing in West Germany that killed two U.S. servicemen.
1989 – Hillsborough disaster: A human crush occurs at Hillsborough Stadium, home of Sheffield Wednesday, in the FA Cup Semi-final, resulting in the deaths of 97 Liverpool fans.
1989 – Upon Hu Yaobang's death, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 begin in China.
1994 – Marrakesh Agreement relating to foundation of World Trade Organization is adopted.
2002 – Air China Flight 129 crashes on approach to Gimhae International Airport in Busan, South Korea, killing 129 people.
2013 – Two bombs explode near the finish line at the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, killing three people and injuring over 500 others.
2013 – A wave of bombings across Iraq kills at least 75 people.
2014 – In the worst massacre of the South Sudanese Civil War, at least 200 civilians are gunned down after seeking refuge in houses of worship as well as hospitals.
2019 – The cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris in France is seriously damaged by a large fire.
2021 – A mass shooting occurred at a Fedex Ground facility in Indianapolis, Indiana, killing nine and injuring seven. |
April 15 | Births | Births |
April 15 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
68 BC – Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician (d. 8 BC)
1282 – Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1329)
1442 – John Paston, English noble (d. 1479)
1452 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect (d. 1519)
1469 – Guru Nanak, the first Sikh guru (d. 1539)
1552 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1626)
1563 – Guru Arjan Dev, fifth Sikh leader (d. 1606)
1588 – Claudius Salmasius, French author and scholar (d. 1653)
1592 – Francesco Maria Brancaccio, Catholic cardinal (d. 1675) |
April 15 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1641 – Robert Sibbald, Scottish physician and geographer (d. 1722)
1642 – Suleiman II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1691)
1646 – Christian V of Denmark (d. 1699)
1684 – Catherine I of Russia (d. 1727)
1688 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German violinist and composer (d. 1758)
1707 – Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1783)
1710 – William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (d. 1790)
1741 – Charles Willson Peale, American painter and soldier (d. 1827)
1771 – Nicolas Chopin, French-Polish educator (d. 1844)
1772 – Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, French biologist and zoologist (d. 1844)
1793 – Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, German astronomer and academic (d. 1864)
1795 – Maria Schicklgruber, mother of Alois Hitler and the paternal grandmother of Adolf Hitler (d. 1847)
1800 – James Clark Ross, English captain and explorer (d. 1862)
1808 – William Champ, English-Australian politician, 1st Premier of Tasmania (d. 1892)
1809 – Hermann Grassmann, German linguist and mathematician (d. 1877)
1817 – William Crowther, Dutch-Australian politician, 14th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1885)
1828 – Jean Danjou, French captain (d. 1863)
1832 – Wilhelm Busch, German poet, painter, and illustrator (d. 1908)
1841 – Mary Grant Roberts, Australian zoo owner (d. 1921)
1841 – Joseph E. Seagram, Canadian businessman and politician, founded the Seagram Company Ltd (d. 1919)
1843 – Henry James, American novelist, short story writer, and critic (d. 1916)
1856 – Jean Moréas, Greek poet and critic (d. 1910)
1858 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist, psychologist, and philosopher (d. 1917)
1861 – Bliss Carman, Canadian-British poet and playwright (d. 1929)
1863 – Ida Freund, Austrian-born chemist and educator (d. 1914)
1874 – George Harrison Shull, American botanist and geneticist (d. 1954)
1874 – Johannes Stark, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
1875 – James J. Jeffries, American boxer and promoter (d. 1953)
1877 – Georg Kolbe, German sculptor (d. 1947)
1877 – William David Ross, Scottish philosopher (d. 1971)
1878 – Robert Walser, Swiss author and playwright (d. 1956)
1879 – Melville Henry Cane, American lawyer and poet (d. 1980)
1883 – Stanley Bruce, Australian captain and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
1885 – Tadeusz Kutrzeba, Polish general (d. 1947)
1886 – Nikolay Gumilyov, Russian poet and critic (d. 1921)
1887 – Felix Pipes, Austrian tennis player (d. 1983)
1887 – William Forgan Smith, Scottish-Australian politician, 24th Premier of Queensland (d. 1953)
1888 – Maximilian Kronberger, German poet and author (d. 1904)
1889 – Thomas Hart Benton, American painter and educator (d. 1975)
1889 – A. Philip Randolph, American activist (d. 1979)
1890 – Percy Shaw, English businessman, invented the cat's eye (d. 1976)
1892 – Theo Osterkamp, German general and pilot (d. 1975)
1892 – Corrie ten Boom, Dutch-American clocksmith, Nazi resister, and author (d. 1983)
1894 – Nikita Khrushchev, Russian general and politician, 7th Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1971)
1894 – Bessie Smith, African-American singer and actress (d. 1937)
1895 – Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker player (d. 1980)
1895 – Abigail Mejia, Dominican feminist activist, nationalist, literary critic and educator (d. 1941)
1896 – Nikolay Semyonov, Russian physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
1898 – Harry Edward, Guyanese-English sprinter (d. 1973)
1900 – Ramón Iribarren, Spanish civil engineer (d. 1967) |
April 15 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1901 – Joe Davis, English snooker player (d. 1978)
1901 – Ajoy Mukherjee, Indian politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (d. 1986)
1901 – René Pleven, French businessman and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1993)
1902 – Fernando Pessa, Portuguese journalist (d. 2002)
1903 – John Williams, English-American actor (d. 1983)
1904 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1948)
1907 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
1908 – eden ahbez, American songwriter and recording artist (d. 1995)
1908 – Lita Grey, American actress (d. 1995)
1909 – Robert Edison Fulton Jr., American inventor and adventurer (d. 2004)Fulton, R. E. Jr., (1983) – The One Man Caravan of Robert E. Fulton Jr. An Autofilmography – Newtown, Connecticut: Flying Ridge
1910 – Sulo Bärlund, Finnish shot putter (d. 1986)
1910 – Miguel Najdorf, Polish-Argentinian chess player and theoretician (d. 1997)
1912 – William Congdon, American-Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1998)
1912 – Kim Il Sung, North Korean general and politician, 1st Supreme Leader of North Korea (d. 1994)
1915 – Elizabeth Catlett, African-American sculptor and illustrator (d. 2012)
1916 – Alfred S. Bloomingdale, American businessman (d. 1982)
1916 – Helene Hanff, American author and screenwriter (d. 1997)
1917 – Hans Conried, American actor (d. 1982)
1917 – Elmer Gedeon, American baseball player and bomber pilot (d. 1944)
1917 – James Kee, American lawyer and politician (d. 1989)
1918 – Hans Billian, German film director, screenwriter, and actor (d. 2007)
1919 – Alberto Breccia, Uruguayan-Argentinian author and illustrator (d. 1993)
1920 – Godfrey Stafford, English-South African physicist and academic (d. 2013)
1920 – Thomas Szasz, Hungarian-American psychiatrist and academic (d. 2012)
1920 – Richard von Weizsäcker, German soldier and politician, 6th President of Germany (d. 2015)
1921 – Georgy Beregovoy, Ukrainian-Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1995)
1921 – Angelo DiGeorge, American physician and endocrinologist (d. 2009)
1922 – Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (d. 2013)
1922 – Donn F. Draeger, American martial arts practitioner (d. 1982)
1922 – Hasrat Jaipuri, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 1999)
1922 – Harold Washington, American lawyer and politician, 51st Mayor of Chicago (d. 1987)
1922 – Graham Whitehead, English racing driver (d. 1981)
1923 – Artur Alliksaar, Estonian poet and author (d. 1966)
1923 – Robert DePugh, American activist, founded the Minutemen (an anti-Communist organization) (d. 2009)
1924 – M. Canagaratnam, Sri Lankan politician (d. 1980)
1924 – Rikki Fulton, Scottish comedian (d. 2004)
1924 – Neville Marriner, English violinist and conductor (d. 2016)
1926 – Jurriaan Schrofer, Dutch sculptor, designer, and educator (d. 1990)"Jurriaan Schrofer" (in Dutch), Netherlands Institute for Art History. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
1927 – Robert Mills, American physicist and academic (d. 1999)
1929 – Gérald Beaudoin, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2008)
1929 – Adrian Cadbury, English rower and businessman (d. 2015)
1930 – Georges Descrières, French actor (d. 2013)
1930 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, Icelandic educator and politician, 4th President of Iceland
1931 – Kenneth Bloomfield, Northern Irish civil servant
1931 – Tomas Tranströmer, Swedish poet, translator, and psychologist Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
1933 – Roy Clark, American musician and television personality (d. 2018)
1933 – David Hamilton, English-French photographer and director (d. 2016)
1933 – Elizabeth Montgomery, American actress and producer (d. 1995)
1935 – Stavros Paravas, Greek actor and producer (d. 2008)
1936 – Raymond Poulidor, French cyclist (d. 2019)
1937 – Bob Luman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1978)
1937 – Robert W. Gore, American engineer and businessman, co-inventor of Gore-Tex (d. 2020)
1938 – Claudia Cardinale, Italian actress
1938 – Hso Khan Pha, Burmese-Canadian geologist and politician (d. 2016)
1939 – Marty Wilde, English singer-songwriter and actor
1939 – Desiré Ecaré, Ivorian filmmaker (d. 2009)
1940 – Jeffrey Archer, English author, playwright, and politician
1940 – Penelope Coelen, South African actress, model, beauty queen and 1958 Miss World
1940 – Willie Davis, American baseball player and actor (d. 2010)
1940 – Robert Lacroix, Canadian economist and academic
1940 – Robert Walker, American actor (d. 2019)
1941 – Howard Berman, American lawyer and politician
1942 – Francis X. DiLorenzo, American bishop (d. 2017)
1942 – Walt Hazzard, American basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
1942 – Kenneth Lay, American businessman and criminal(d. 2006)
1942 – Tim Lankester, English economist and academic
1943 – Pınar Kür, Turkish author, playwright, and academic
1943 – Robert Lefkowitz, American physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1943 – Veronica Linklater, Baroness Linklater, English politician (d. 2022)
1943 – Hugh Thompson, Jr., American soldier and pilot (d. 2006)
1944 – Dave Edmunds, Welsh singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1946 – John Lloyd, Scottish journalist and author
1946 – Pete Rouse, American politician, White House Chief of Staff
1947 – Linda Bloodworth-Thomason, American screenwriter and producer
1947 – Martin Broughton, English businessman
1947 – Lois Chiles, American model and actress
1947 – David Omand, English civil servant and academic
1947 – Cristina Husmark Pehrsson, Swedish nurse and politician, Swedish Minister for Social Security
1948 – Christopher Brown, English historian, curator, and academic
1948 – Michael Kamen, American composer and conductor (d. 2003)
1948 – Phil Mogg, English singer-songwriter and musician
1949 – Alla Pugacheva, Russian singer-songwriter and actress
1949 – Craig Zadan, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2018)
1950 – Josiane Balasko, French actress, director, and screenwriter
1950 – Amy Wright, American actress
1950 – Karel Kroupa, Czech football player
1951 – Heloise, American journalist and author
1951 – John L. Phillips, American captain and astronaut
1951 – Stuart Prebble, English journalist and producer
1951 – Marsha Ivins, American engineer and astronaut
1952 – Kym Gyngell, Australian actor, comedian, and screenwriter
1952 – Brian Muir, English sculptor and set designer
1952 – Avital Ronell, Czech-American philosopher and academic
1952 – Glenn Shadix, American actor, (d. 2010)
1955 – Dodi Fayed, Egyptian film producer (d. 1997)
1955 – Joice Mujuru, Zimbabwean politician"Presentism, Contested Narratives and Dissonances in Zimbabwe’s Liberation War Heritage: The Case of." Colonial Heritage, Memory and Sustainability in Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects (2015): p 11.
1956 – Michael Cooper, American basketball player and coach
1957 – Evelyn Ashford, American runner and coach
1958 – Keith Acton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1958 – John Bracewell, New Zealand cricketer
1958 – Memos Ioannou, Greek basketball player and coach
1958 – Benjamin Zephaniah, English actor, author, poet, and playwright (d. 2023)
1959 – Fruit Chan, Chinese director, producer, and screenwriter
1959 – Kevin Lowe, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager
1959 – Emma Thompson, English actress, comedian, author, activist and screenwriter
1960 – Pierre Aubry, Canadian ice hockey player
1960 – Susanne Bier, Danish director and screenwriter
1960 – Pedro Delgado, Spanish cyclist and sportscaster
1960 – Tony Jones, English snooker player
1961 – Neil Carmichael, English academic and politician
1961 – Carol W. Greider, American molecular biologist
1961 – Dawn Wright, American geographer and oceanographer
1962 – Nawal El Moutawakel, Moroccan athlete and politician
1962 – Tom Kane, American voice actor
1963 – Alex Crawford, Nigerian-South African journalist
1963 – Manzoor Elahi, Pakistani cricketer
1963 – Manoj Prabhakar, Indian cricketer and sportscaster
1964 – Andre Joubert, South African rugby player
1964 – Lee Kernaghan, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1965 – Soichi Noguchi, Japanese engineer and astronaut
1965 – Linda Perry, American singer-songwriter, musician and record producer
1965 – Kevin Stevens, American ice hockey player
1966 – Samantha Fox, English singer-songwriter and actress
1966 – Mott Green, American businessman (d. 2013)
1967 – Frankie Poullain, Scottish bass player and songwriter
1967 – Dara Torres, American swimmer and journalist
1968 – Ben Clarke, English rugby player and coach
1968 – Brahim Lahlafi, Moroccan-French runner
1968 – Ed O'Brien, English guitarist
1969 – Jeromy Burnitz, American baseball player
1969 – Kaisa Roose, Estonian pianist and conductor
1969 – Jimmy Waite, Canadian-German ice hockey player and coach
1970 – Chris Huffins, American decathlete and coach
1971 – Philippe Carbonneau, French rugby player
1971 – Finidi George, Nigerian footballer
1971 – Jason Sehorn, American football player
1971 – Josia Thugwane, South African runner
1971 – Karl Turner, English lawyer and politician
1972 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (d. 2009)
1972 – Lou Romano, American animator and voice actor
1974 – Kim Min-kyo, South Korean actor and director
1974 – Danny Pino, American actor and screenwriter
1974 – Mike Quinn, American football player
1974 – Douglas Spain, American actor, director, and producer
1974 – Tim Thomas, American ice hockey player
1975 – Sarah Teichmann, German-American biophysicist and immunologist
1976 – Jason Bonsignore, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1976 – Darius Regelskis, Lithuanian footballer
1976 – Kęstutis Šeštokas, Lithuanian basketball player
1976 – Steve Williams, English rower
1977 – Sudarsan Pattnaik, Indian sculptor
1977 – Brian Pothier, American ice hockey player
1978 – Milton Bradley, American baseball player
1978 – Tim Corcoran, American baseball player
1978 – Luis Fonsi, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter and dancer
1978 – Chris Stapleton, American country singer-songwriter and guitarist
1979 – Luke Evans, Welsh actor and singer
1980 – Patrick Carney, American drummer, musician, and producer
1980 – James Foster, English cricketer
1980 – Raül López, Spanish basketball player
1980 – Willie Mason, New Zealand-Australian rugby league player
1980 – Aida Mollenkamp, American chef and author
1980 – Billy Yates, American football player
1981 – Andrés D'Alessandro, Argentinian footballer
1982 – Michael Aubrey, American baseball player
1982 – Anthony Green, American singer-songwriter
1982 – Albert Riera, Spanish footballer and manager
1982 – Seth Rogen, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1983 – Alice Braga, Brazilian actress
1983 – Matt Cardle, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1983 – Dudu Cearense, Brazilian footballer
1983 – Andreas Fransson, Swedish skier (d. 2014)
1983 – Ilya Kovalchuk, Russian ice hockey player
1983 – Martin Pedersen, Danish cyclist
1984 – Antonio Cromartie, American football player
1984 – Cam Janssen, American ice hockey player
1984 – Daniel Paille, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 – Ryan Hamilton, Canadian ice hockey player
1986 – Tom Heaton, English footballer
1986 – Sylvain Marveaux, French footballer
1988 – Blake Ayshford, Australian rugby league player
1988 – Steven Defour, Belgian footballer
1988 – Chris Tillman, American baseball pitcher
1989 – Darren Nicholls, Australian rugby league player
1990 – Emma Watson, English actress
1991 – Daiki Arioka, Japanese idol, singer, and actor
1991 – Javier Fernández López, Spanish figure skater
1992 – Remo Freuler, Swiss footballer
1992 – John Guidetti, Swedish footballer
1992 – Jeremy McGovern, Australian rules football player
1993 – Felipe Anderson, Brazilian footballer
1994 – Brodie Grundy, Australian rules football player
1994 – Shaunae Miller-Uibo, Bahamian sprinter
1995 – Leander Dendoncker, Belgian footballer
1997 – Ashleigh Gardner, Australian cricketer
1997 – Maisie Williams, English actress
1998 – Sexyy Red, American rapper
1999 – Denis Shapovalov, Canadian tennis player
2001 – Shanti Dope, Filipino rapper
2003 – Matías Soulé, Argentine footballer |
April 15 | Deaths | Deaths |
April 15 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
628 – Suiko, emperor of Japan (b. 554)
943 – Liu Bin, emperor of Southern Han (b. 920)
956 – Lin Yanyu, Chinese court official and eunuch
1053 – Godwin, Earl of Wessex (b. 1001)
1136 – Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare (b. 1094)
1220 – Adolf of Altena, German archbishop (b. 1157)
1237 – Richard Poore, English ecclesiastic
1415 – Manuel Chrysoloras, Greek philosopher and translator (b. 1355)
1446 – Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1377)
1502 – John IV of Chalon-Arlay, Prince of Orange (b. 1443)
1558 – Roxelana, wife of Suleiman the Magnificent (b. c. 1500)
1578 – Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, German nobleman (b. 1509) |
April 15 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1610 – Robert Persons, English Jesuit priest, insurrectionist, and author (b. 1546)
1632 – George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, English politician, English Secretary of State (b. 1580)
1652 – Patriarch Joseph of Moscow, Russian patriarch
1659 – Simon Dach, German poet and hymnwriter (b. 1605)
1719 – Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, French wife of Louis XIV of France (b. 1635)
1754 – Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician and academic (b. 1676)
1757 – Rosalba Carriera, Italian painter (b. 1673)
1761 – Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll, Scottish lawyer and politician, Lord President of the Court of Session (b. 1682)
1761 – William Oldys, English historian and author (b. 1696)
1764 – Peder Horrebow, Danish astronomer and mathematician (b. 1679)
1764 – Madame de Pompadour, mistress of King Louis XV (b. 1721)
1765 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian chemist and physicist (b. 1711)
1788 – Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (b. 1711)
1793 – Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian priest, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1718)
1854 – Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist (b. 1773)
1861 – Sylvester Jordan, Austrian-German lawyer and politician (b. 1792)
1865 – Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (b. 1809)
1888 – Matthew Arnold, English poet and critic (b. 1822)
1889 – Father Damien, Belgian priest and saint (b. 1840)
1898 – Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui, New Zealand commander and politician |
April 15 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1912 – Victims of the Titanic disaster:
Thomas Andrews, Irish shipbuilder (b. 1873)
John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel, businessman, and author (b. 1864)
Archibald Butt, American general and journalist (b. 1865)
Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (b. 1875)
Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (b. 1865)
Henry B. Harris, American producer and manager (b. 1866)
Wallace Hartley, English violinist and bandleader (b. 1878)
Charles Melville Hays, American businessman (b. 1856)
James Paul Moody, English Sixth Officer (b. 1887)
William McMaster Murdoch, Scottish First Officer (b. 1873)
Jack Phillips, English telegraphist (b. 1887)
Edward Smith, English Captain (b. 1850)
William Thomas Stead, English journalist (b. 1849)
Ida Straus, German-American businesswoman (b. 1849)
Isidor Straus, German-American businessman and politician (b. 1845)
John B. Thayer, American business and sportsman (b. 1862)
Henry Tingle Wilde, English chief officer (b. 1872)
1917 – János Murkovics, Slovene author, poet, and educator (b. 1839)
1925 – Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (b. 1879)"Ogre, Killer of 26 Boys, Beheaded— Fritz Haarmann Walks Calmly to Guillotine, Repentant but Unafraid; Consults Pastor", The Washington Daily News, April 15, 1925, p.1
1927 – Gaston Leroux, French journalist and author (b. 1868)
1938 – César Vallejo, Peruvian journalist, poet, and playwright (b. 1892)
1942 – Robert Musil, Austrian-Swiss author and playwright (b. 1880)
1943 – Aristarkh Lentulov, Russian painter and set designer (b. 1882)
1944 – Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin, Russian general (b. 1901)
1945 – Hermann Florstedt, German SS officer (b. 1895)
1948 – Radola Gajda, Montenegrin-Czech general and politician (b. 1892)
1949 – Wallace Beery, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1885)
1962 – Clara Blandick, American actress (b. 1880)
1962 – Arsenio Lacson, Filipino journalist and politician, Mayor of Manila (b. 1912)
1963 – Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (b. 1903)
1966 – Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury, Bengali politician, writer, journalist, first health minister of East Pakistan (b. 1906)
1967 – Totò, Italian comedian (b. 1898)
1971 – Gurgen Boryan, Armenian poet and playwright (b. 1915)
1971 – Friedebert Tuglas, Estonian author and critic (b. 1886)
1979 – David Brand, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1912)
1980 – Raymond Bailey, American actor and soldier (b. 1904)
1980 – Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
1982 – Arthur Lowe, English actor (b. 1915)
1984 – Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedian and magician (b. 1921)
1986 – Jean Genet, French novelist, poet, and playwright (b. 1910)
1988 – Kenneth Williams, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1926)
1989 – Hu Yaobang, Chinese soldier and politician, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (b. 1915)
1990 – Greta Garbo, Swedish-American actress (b. 1905)
1993 – Leslie Charteris, English author and screenwriter (b. 1907)
1993 – John Tuzo Wilson, Canadian geophysicist and geologist (b. 1908)
1998 – William Congdon, American-Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1912)
1998 – Pol Pot, Cambodian general and politician, 29th Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1925)
1999 – Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer (b. 1944)
2000 – Edward Gorey, American poet and illustrator (b. 1925)
2001 – Joey Ramone, American singer-songwriter (b. 1951)
2002 – Damon Knight, American author and critic (b. 1922)
2002 – Byron White, American football player, lawyer, and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1917)
2004 – Mitsuteru Yokoyama, Japanese illustrator (b. 1934)
2007 – Brant Parker, American illustrator (b. 1920)
2008 – Krister Stendahl, Swedish bishop, theologian, and scholar (b. 1921)
2009 – Clement Freud, German-English journalist, academic, and politician (b. 1924)
2009 – László Tisza, Hungarian-American physicist and academic (b. 1907)
2009 – Salih Neftçi, Turkish economist and author (b. 1947)
2010 – Jack Herer, American author and activist (b. 1939)
2010 – Michael Pataki, American actor and director (b. 1938)
2011 – Vittorio Arrigoni, Italian journalist, author, and activist (b. 1975)
2012 – Paul Bogart, American director and producer (b. 1919)
2012 – Dwayne Schintzius, American basketball player (b. 1968)
2013 – Benjamin Fain, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist and academic (b. 1930)
2013 – Richard LeParmentier, American-English actor and screenwriter (b. 1946)
2013 – Jean-François Paillard, French conductor (b. 1928)
2014 – John Houbolt, American engineer and academic (b. 1919)
2014 – Eliseo Verón, Argentinian sociologist and academic (b. 1935)
2015 – Jonathan Crombie, Canadian-American actor and screenwriter (b. 1966)
2015 – Surya Bahadur Thapa, Nepalese politician, 24th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1928)
2017 – Clifton James, American actor (b. 1920)
2017 – Emma Morano, Italian supercentenarian, last person verified born in the 1800s (b. 1899)
2018 – R. Lee Ermey, American actor (b. 1944)
2018 – Vittorio Taviani, Italian film director and screenwriter (b. 1929)
2022 – Bilquis Edhi, Pakistani philanthropist and wife of Abdul Sattar Edhi (b. 1947)
2022 – Henry Plumb, British politician and farmer (b. 1925)
2022 – Liz Sheridan, American actress (b. 1929)
2024 – Whitey Herzog, American professional baseball outfielder and manager (b. 1931)
2024 – Josip Manolić, Croatian politician, prime minister, and speaker of the Chamber of Counties (b. 1920)
2025 – Wink Martindale, American DJ, radio personality, and TV personality (b. 1933) |
April 15 | Holidays and observances | Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Abbo II of Metz
Father Damien (The Episcopal Church)
Hunna
Paternus of Avranches
April 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Day of the Sun (North Korea)
Father Damien Day (Hawaii)
Hillsborough Disaster Memorial (Liverpool, England)
Jackie Robinson Day (United States)
National American Sign Language Day (United States)
Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year; India)
Tax Day, the official deadline for filing an individual tax return (or requesting an extension). (United States, Philippines)
Universal Day of Culture
World Art Day |
April 15 | References | References |
April 15 | External links | External links
BBC: On This Day
Historical Events on April 15
Category:Days of April |
April 15 | Table of Content | pp-move, Events, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Births, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Deaths, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Holidays and observances, References, External links |
April 30 | pp-pc1 | |
April 30 | Events | Events |
April 30 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.Stevenson, J. A New Eusebius SPCK 1965, p. 296
1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration. He is named admiral of the ocean sea, viceroy and governor of any territory he discovers.
1513 – Edmund de la Pole, Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of Henry VIII.
1598 – Juan de Oñate begins the conquest of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
1598 – Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots. |
April 30 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1636 – Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege.
1789 – On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington takes the oath of office to become the first President of the United States.
1803 – Louisiana Purchase: The United States purchases the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, more than doubling the size of the young nation.
1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U.S. state under the name Louisiana.
1838 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.
1863 – A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.
1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces led by General E. Kirby Smith attack federal troops retreating across the Saline at Jenkins' Ferry, Arkansas.
1871 – The Camp Grant massacre takes place in Arizona Territory.
1885 – Governor of New York David B. Hill signs legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York's first state park, ensuring that Niagara Falls will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.
1897 – J. J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle, over 1,800 times smaller than a proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the Royal Institution in London.
1900 – Hawaii becomes a territory of the United States, with Sanford B. Dole as governor. |
April 30 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1905 – Albert Einstein completes his doctoral thesis at the University of Zurich.
1925 – Automaker Dodge Brothers, Inc is sold to Dillon, Read & Co. for US$146 million plus $50 million for charity.
1927 – The Federal Industrial Institute for Women opens in Alderson, West Virginia, as the first women's federal prison in the United States.
1937 – The Commonwealth of the Philippines holds a plebiscite for Filipino women on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative.
1939 – The 1939–40 New York World's Fair opens.
1939 – NBC inaugurates its regularly scheduled television service in New York City, broadcasting President Franklin D. Roosevelt's N.Y. World's Fair opening day ceremonial address.
1943 – World War II: The British submarine surfaces near Huelva to cast adrift a dead man dressed as a courier and carrying false invasion plans.
1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide after being married for less than 40 hours. Soviet soldiers raise the Victory Banner over the Reichstag building.
1945 – World War II: Stalag Luft I prisoner-of-war camp near Barth, Germany is liberated by Soviet soldiers, freeing nearly 9,000 American and British airmen.
1947 – In Nevada, Boulder Dam is renamed Hoover Dam.
1948 – In Bogotá, Colombia, the Organization of American States is established.
1956 – Former Vice President and Democratic Senator Alben Barkley dies during a speech in Virginia.
1957 – Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery entered into force.
1961 – K-19, the first Soviet nuclear submarine equipped with nuclear missiles, is commissioned.
1963 – The Bristol Bus Boycott is held in Bristol to protest the Bristol Omnibus Company's refusal to employ Black or Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in the United Kingdom.
1973 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon fires White House Counsel John Dean; other top aides, most notably H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, resign.
1975 – Fall of Saigon: Communist forces gain control of Saigon. The Vietnam War formally ends with the unconditional surrender of South Vietnamese president Dương Văn Minh.
1979 – Eruption of Mount Marapi: Mount Marapi, a complex volcano on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, erupted. Between 80 and 100 people were killed.
1980 – Beatrix is inaugurated as Queen of the Netherlands following the abdication of Juliana.
1980 – The Iranian Embassy siege begins in London.
1982 – The Bijon Setu massacre occurs in Calcutta, India.
1989 – The Monkseaton shootings occur in Tyne and Wear, England. One killed, 16 injured.
1993 – CERN announces World Wide Web protocols will be free.
1994 – Formula One racing driver Roland Ratzenberger is killed in a crash during the qualifying session of the San Marino Grand Prix run at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari outside Imola, Italy.
1999 – Neo-Nazi David Copeland carries out the last of his three nail bombings in London at the Admiral Duncan gay pub, killing three people and injuring 79 others.; ; ;
2000 – Canonization of Faustina Kowalska in the presence of 200,000 people and the first Divine Mercy Sunday celebrated worldwide.
2004 – U.S. media release graphic photos of American soldiers committing war crimes against Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison.
2008 – Two skeletal remains found near Yekaterinburg are confirmed by Russian scientists to be the remains of Alexei and Anastasia, two of the children of the last Tsar of Russia, whose entire family was executed at Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks.
2009 – Chrysler files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
2009 – Seven civilians and the perpetrator are killed and another ten injured at a Queen's Day parade in Apeldoorn, Netherlands in an attempted assassination on Queen Beatrix.
2012 – An overloaded ferry capsizes on the Brahmaputra River in India killing at least 108 people. At least 150 more are missing and presumed dead.
2013 – Willem-Alexander is inaugurated as King of the Netherlands following the abdication of Beatrix.
2014 – A bomb blast in Ürümqi, China kills three people and injures 79 others.
2021 – Forty-five men and boys are killed in the Meron stampede in Israel. |
April 30 | Births | Births |
April 30 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
1310 – King Casimir III of Poland (d. 1368)
1331 – Gaston III, Count of Foix (d. 1391)
1383 – Anne of Gloucester, English countess, granddaughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1438)The Complete Peerage, sourced from Camden, 3rd series, Vol.57, pp. 258–260 (1937)
1425 – William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (d. 1482)
1504 – Francesco Primaticcio, Italian painter (d. 1570)
1553 – Louise of Lorraine (d. 1601) |
April 30 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1623 – François de Laval, French-Canadian bishop and saint (d. 1708)
1651 – Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, French priest and saint (d. 1719)
1662 – Mary II of England (d. 1694)
1664 – François Louis, Prince of Conti (d. 1709)
1710 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (d. 1795)
1723 – Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French zoologist and philosopher (d. 1806)
1758 – Emmanuel Vitale, Maltese commander and politician (d. 1802)
1770 – David Thompson, English-Canadian cartographer and explorer (d. 1857)
1777 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician and physicist (d. 1855)
1799 – Joseph Dart, American businessman and entrepreneur (d. 1879)
1803 – Albrecht von Roon, Prussian soldier and politician, 10th Minister President of Prussia (d. 1879)
1829 – Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist and academic (d. 1884)
1848 – Eugène Simon, French naturalist (d. 1924)
1857 – Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist and eugenicist (d. 1940)
1857 – Walter Simon, German banker and philanthropist (d. 1920)
1865 – Max Nettlau, German historian and academic (d. 1944)
1866 – Mary Haviland Stilwell Kuesel, American pioneer dentist (d. 1936)
1869 – Hans Poelzig, German architect, designed the IG Farben Building and Großes Schauspielhaus (d. 1936)
1870 – Franz Lehár, Hungarian composer (d. 1948)
1870 – Dadasaheb Phalke, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1944)
1874 – Cyriel Verschaeve, Flemish priest and author (d. 1949)
1876 – Orso Mario Corbino, Italian physicist and politician (d. 1937)
1877 – Léon Flameng, French cyclist (d. 1917)
1877 – Alice B. Toklas, American memoirist (d. 1967)
1878 – Władysław Witwicki, Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (d. 1948)
1879 – Richárd Weisz, Hungarian Olympic champion wrestler (d. 1945)
1880 – Charles Exeter Devereux Crombie, Scottish cartoonist (d. 1967)
1883 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech soldier and author (d. 1923)
1883 – Luigi Russolo, Italian painter and composer (d. 1947)
1884 – Olof Sandborg, Swedish actor (d. 1965)
1888 – John Crowe Ransom, American poet, critic, and academic (d. 1974)
1893 – Harold Breen, Australian public servant (d. 1966)
1893 – Joachim von Ribbentrop, German soldier and politician, 14th German Reich Minister for Foreign Affairs (d. 1946)
1895 – Philippe Panneton, Canadian physician, academic, and diplomat (d. 1960)
1896 – Reverend Gary Davis, American singer and guitarist (d. 1972)
1896 – Hans List, Austrian scientist and businessman, founded the AVL Engineering Company (d. 1996)
1897 – Humberto Mauro, Brazilian director and screenwriter (d. 1983)
1900 – Erni Krusten, Estonian author and poet (d. 1984) |
April 30 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1901 – Simon Kuznets, Belarusian-American economist, statistician, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
1902 – Theodore Schultz, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
1905 – Sergey Nikolsky, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 2012)
1908 – Eve Arden, American actress (d. 1990)
1908 – Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic professor of law and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1970)
1908 – Frank Robert Miller, Canadian air marshal and politician (d. 1997)
1909 – F. E. McWilliam, Irish sculptor and educator (d. 1992)
1909 – Juliana of the Netherlands (d. 2004)
1910 – Levi Celerio, Filipino pianist, violinist, and composer (d. 2002)
1914 – Charles Beetham, American middle-distance runner (d. 1997)
1914 – Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian singer-songwriter, actor, and painter (d. 2008)
1916 – Paul Kuusberg, Estonian journalist and author (d. 2003)
1916 – Claude Shannon, American mathematician and engineer (d. 2001)
1916 – Robert Shaw, American conductor (d. 1999)
1917 – Bea Wain, American singer (d. 2017)
1920 – Duncan Hamilton, Irish-English race car driver and pilot (d. 1994)
1920 – Gerda Lerner, Austrian-American historian and woman's history author (d. 2013)
1920 – Tom Moore, British army officer and fundraiser (d. 2021)
1921 – Roger L. Easton, American scientist, co-invented the GPS (d. 2014)
1922 – Anton Murray, South African cricketer (d. 1995)
1923 – Percy Heath, American bassist (d. 2005)
1923 – Kagamisato Kiyoji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 42nd Yokozuna (d. 2004)
1924 – Sheldon Harnick, American lyricist (d. 2023)
1924 – Uno Laht, Estonian KGB officer and author (d. 2008)
1925 – Corinne Calvet, French actress (d. 2001)
1925 – Johnny Horton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1960)
1926 – Shrinivas Khale, Indian composer (d. 2011)
1926 – Cloris Leachman, American actress and comedian (d. 2021)
1928 – Hugh Hood, Canadian author and academic (d. 2000)
1928 – Orlando Sirola, Italian tennis player (d. 1995)
1930 – Félix Guattari, French psychotherapist and philosopher (d. 1992)
1933 – Charles Sanderson, Baron Sanderson of Bowden, English politician
1934 – Jerry Lordan, English singer-songwriter (d. 1995)
1934 – Don McKenney, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2022)
1937 – Tony Harrison, English poet and playwright
1938 – Gary Collins, American actor and talk show host (d. 2012)
1938 – Juraj Jakubisko, Slovak director and screenwriter (d. 2023)
1938 – Larry Niven, American author and screenwriter
1940 – Jeroen Brouwers, Dutch journalist and writer (d. 2022)
1940 – Michael Cleary, Australian rugby player and politician
1940 – Ülo Õun, Estonian sculptor (d. 1988)
1940 – Burt Young, American actor and painter (d. 2023)
1941 – Stavros Dimas, Greek lawyer and politician, Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs
1941 – Max Merritt, New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter (d. 2020)
1942 – Sallehuddin of Kedah, Sultan of Kedah
1943 – Frederick Chiluba, Zambian politician, 2nd President of Zambia (d. 2011)
1943 – Bobby Vee, American pop singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
1944 – Jon Bing, Norwegian author, scholar, and academic (d. 2014)
1944 – Jill Clayburgh, American actress (d. 2010)
1945 – J. Michael Brady, British radiologist
1945 – Annie Dillard, American novelist, essayist, and poet
1945 – Mimi Fariña, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and activist (d. 2001)
1945 – Michael J. Smith, American pilot, and astronaut (d. 1986)
1946 – King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
1946 – Bill Plympton, American animator, producer, and screenwriter
1946 – Don Schollander, American swimmer
1947 – Paul Fiddes, English theologian and academic
1947 – Finn Kalvik, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1947 – Tom Køhlert, Danish footballer and manager
1947 – Mats Odell, Swedish economist and politician, Swedish Minister for Financial Markets
1948 – Wayne Kramer, American guitarist and singer-songwriter (d. 2024)
1948 – Pierre Pagé, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1948 – Margit Papp, Hungarian athlete
1949 – Phil Garner, American baseball player and manager
1949 – António Guterres, Portuguese academic and politician, 114th Prime Minister of Portugal and 9th Secretary-General of the United Nations
1949 – Karl Meiler, German tennis player (d. 2014)
1952 – Jacques Audiard, French director and screenwriter
1952 – Jack Middelburg, Dutch motorcycle racer (d. 1984)
1953 – Merrill Osmond, American singer and bass player
1954 – Jane Campion, New Zealand director, producer, and screenwriter
1954 – Kim Darroch, English diplomat, UK Permanent Representative to the European Union
1954 – Frank-Michael Marczewski, German footballer
1955 – Nicolas Hulot, French journalist and environmentalist
1955 – David Kitchin, English lawyer and judge
1955 – Pradeep Sarkar, Indian director and screenwriter (d. 2023)
1955 – Zlatko Topčić, Bosnian writer and screenwriter
1956 – Lars von Trier, Danish director and screenwriter
1957 – Wonder Mike, American rapper and songwriter
1958 – Charles Berling, French actor, director, and screenwriter
1959 – Stephen Harper, Canadian economist and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Canada
1960 – Geoffrey Cox, English lawyer and politician
1960 – Kerry Healey, American academic and politician, 70th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts
1961 – Arnór Guðjohnsen, Icelandic footballer
1961 – Isiah Thomas, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
1963 – Andrew Carwood, English tenor and conductor
1963 – Michael Waltrip, American race car driver and sportscaster
1964 – Tony Fernandes, Malaysian-Indian businessman, co-founded Tune Group
1964 – Ian Healy, Australian cricketer, coach, and sportscaster
1964 – Lorenzo Staelens, Belgian footballer and manager
1964 – Abhishek Chatterjee, Indian actor (d. 2022)
1965 – Daniela Costian, Romanian-Australian discus thrower
1965 – Adrian Pasdar, American actor
1966 – Jeff Brown, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1966 – Dave Meggett, American football player and coach
1967 – Phil Chang, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor
1967 – Philipp Kirkorov, Bulgarian-born Russian singer, composer and actor
1967 – Turbo B, American rapper
1969 – Warren Defever, American bass player and producer
1969 – Justine Greening, English accountant and politician, Secretary of State for International Development
1969 – Paulo Jr., Brazilian bass player
1972 – Takako Tokiwa, Japanese actress
1973 – Leigh Francis, English comedian and actor
1974 – Christian Tamminga, Dutch athlete
1975 – Johnny Galecki, American actor
1976 – Davian Clarke, Jamaican sprinter
1976 – Amanda Palmer, American singer-songwriter and pianist
1976 – Daniel Wagon, Australian rugby league player
1976 – Victor J. Glover, American astronaut
1977 – Jeannie Haddaway-Riccio, American politician
1977 – Meredith L. Patterson, American technologist, journalist, and author
1978 – Liljay, Taiwanese singer
1979 – Gerardo Torrado, Mexican footballer
1980 – Luis Scola, Argentinian basketball player
1980 – Jeroen Verhoeven, Dutch footballer
1981 – Nicole Kaczmarski, American basketball player
1981 – John O'Shea, Irish footballer
1981 – Kunal Nayyar, British-Indian actor
1981 – Justin Vernon, American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and producer
1982 – Kirsten Dunst, American actress
1982 – Drew Seeley, Canadian-American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor
1983 – Chris Carr, American football player
1983 – Tatjana Hüfner, German luger
1983 – Marina Tomić, Slovenian hurdler
1983 – Troy Williamson, American football player
1984 – Seimone Augustus, American basketball player
1984 – Shawn Daivari, American wrestler and manager
1984 – Risto Mätas, Estonian javelin thrower
1984 – Lee Roache, English footballer
1985 – Brandon Bass, American basketball player
1985 – Gal Gadot, Israeli actress and model
1985 – Ashley Alexandra Dupré, American journalist, singer, and prostitute
1986 – Dianna Agron, American actress and singer
1986 – Martten Kaldvee, Estonian biathlete
1987 – Alipate Carlile, Australian footballer
1987 – Chris Morris, South African cricketer
1987 – Rohit Sharma, Indian cricketer
1988 – Andy Allen, Australian chef
1988 – Sander Baart, Dutch field hockey player
1988 – Ana de Armas, Cuban actress
1988 – Liu Xijun, Chinese singer
1988 – Oh Hye-ri, South Korean taekwondo athlete
1989 – Jang Wooyoung, South Korean singer and actor
1990 – Jonny Brownlee, English triathlete
1990 – Mac DeMarco, Canadian singer-songwriter
1990 – Kaarel Kiidron, Estonian footballer
1990 – Paula Ribó, Spanish singer-songwriter and actress
1991 – Chris Kreider, American ice hockey player
1991 – Travis Scott, American rapper and producer
1992 – Marcel Bauer, German politician
1992 – Marc-André ter Stegen, German footballer
1993 – Dion Dreesens, Dutch swimmer
1993 – Martin Fuksa, Czech canoeist
1994 – Chae Seo-jin, South Korean actress
1994 – Wang Yafan, Chinese tennis player
1996 – Luke Friend, English singer
1997 – Adam Ryczkowski, Polish footballer
1998 – Georgina Amorós, Spanish actress
1999 – Jorden van Foreest, Dutch chess grandmaster
1999 – Krit Amnuaydechkorn, Thai actor and singer
2000 – Yui Hiwatashi, Japanese singer
2002 – Anna Cramling, Spanish-Swedish chess player
2002 – Teden Mengi, English footballer
2003 – Emily Carey, British actress
2003 – Jung Yun-seok, South Korean actor |
April 30 | Deaths | Deaths |
April 30 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
AD 65 – Lucan, Roman poet (b. 39)
125 – An, Chinese emperor (b. 94)
535 – Amalasuntha, Ostrogothic queen and regent
783 – Hildegard of the Vinzgau, Frankish queen
1002 – Eckard I, German nobleman
1030 – Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid emir (b. 971)
1063 – Ren Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1010)
1131 – Adjutor, French knight and saint
1305 – Roger de Flor, Italian military adventurer (b. 1267)
1341 – John III, duke of Brittany (b. 1286)
1439 – Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, English commander (b. 1382)
1524 – Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, French soldier (b. 1473)
1544 – Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, English lawyer and judge, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1488)
1550 – Tabinshwehti, Burmese king (b. 1516) |
April 30 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1632 – Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, Bavarian general (b. 1559)
1632 – Sigismund III Vasa, Swedish-Polish son of John III of Sweden (b. 1566)
1637 – Niwa Nagashige, Japanese daimyō (b. 1571)
1655 – Eustache Le Sueur, French painter (b. 1617)
1660 – Petrus Scriverius, Dutch historian and scholar (b. 1576)
1672 – Marie of the Incarnation, French-Canadian nun and saint, founded the Ursulines of Quebec (b. 1599)
1696 – Robert Plot, English chemist and academic (b. 1640)
1712 – Philipp van Limborch, Dutch theologian and author (b. 1633)
1733 – Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes, Portuguese diplomat (b. 1676)
1736 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and author (b. 1668)
1758 – François d'Agincourt, French organist and composer (b. 1684)
1792 – John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1718)
1795 – Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, French archaeologist and author (b. 1716)
1806 – Onogawa Kisaburō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 5th Yokozuna (b. 1758)
1841 – Peter Andreas Heiberg, Danish philologist and author (b. 1758)
1847 – Charles, Austrian commander and duke of Teschen (b. 1771)
1863 – Jean Danjou, French Army officer, killed in action at the Battle of Camarón (b. 1828)
1864 – John B. Cocke, Confederate States Army officer, killed in action at the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry (b. )
1865 – Robert FitzRoy, English admiral, meteorologist, and politician, 2nd Governor of New Zealand (b. 1805)
1870 – Thomas Cooke, Canadian bishop and missionary (b. 1792)
1875 – Jean-Frédéric Waldeck, French explorer, lithographer, and cartographer (b. 1766)
1879 – Emma Smith, American religious leader (b. 1804)
1883 – Édouard Manet, French painter (b. 1832)
1891 – Joseph Leidy, American paleontologist and author (b. 1823)
1900 – Casey Jones, American railroad engineer (b. 1864) |
April 30 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1903 – Emily Stowe, Canadian physician and activist (b. 1831)
1910 – Jean Moréas, Greek poet and critic (b. 1856)
1926 – Bessie Coleman, American pilot (b. 1892)
1936 – A. E. Housman, English poet and scholar (b. 1859)
1939 – Frank Haller, American boxer (b. 1883)
1943 – Eddy Hamel, American footballer (b. 1902)Simon Kuper (2012). Ajax, the Dutch, the War; The Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour
1943 – Otto Jespersen, Danish linguist and academic (b. 1860)
1943 – Beatrice Webb, English sociologist and economist (b. 1858)
1945 – Eva Braun, German photographer and office and lab assistant, wife of Adolf Hitler (b. 1912)
1945 – Adolf Hitler, Austrian-German politician and author, dictator of Nazi Germany (b. 1889)
1953 – Jacob Linzbach, Estonian linguist and author (b. 1874)
1956 – Alben W. Barkley, American lawyer and politician, 35th Vice President of the United States (b. 1877)
1970 – Jacques Presser, Dutch historian, writer and poet (b. 1899)
1970 – Inger Stevens, Swedish-American actress (b. 1934)
1972 – Gia Scala, English-American model and actress (b. 1934)
1973 – Václav Renč, Czech poet and playwright (b. 1911)
1974 – Agnes Moorehead, American actress (b. 1900)
1980 – Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican journalist and politician, 1st Governor of Puerto Rico (b. 1898)
1982 – Lester Bangs, American journalist and author (b. 1949)
1983 – George Balanchine, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1904)
1983 – Muddy Waters, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and bandleader (b. 1913)
1983 – Edouard Wyss-Dunant, Swiss physician and mountaineer (b. 1897)
1986 – Robert Stevenson, English director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1905)
1989 – Sergio Leone, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1929)
1993 – Tommy Caton, English footballer (b. 1962)
1994 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian race car driver (b. 1960)
1994 – Richard Scarry, American author and illustrator (b. 1919)
1995 – Maung Maung Kha, Burmese colonel and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Burma (b. 1920)
1998 – Nizar Qabbani, Syrian-English poet, publisher, and diplomat (b. 1926)
2000 – Poul Hartling, Danish politician, 36th Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1914)
2002 – Charlotte von Mahlsdorf, German philanthropist, founded the Gründerzeit Museum (b. 1928)
2003 – Mark Berger, American economist and academic (b. 1955)
2003 – Possum Bourne, New Zealand race car driver (b. 1956)
2005 – Phil Rasmussen, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1918)
2006 – Jean-François Revel, French philosopher (b. 1924)
2006 – Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesian author and academic (b. 1925)
2007 – Kevin Mitchell, American football player (b. 1971)
2007 – Tom Poston, American actor, comedian, and game show panelist (b. 1921)
2007 – Gordon Scott, American film and television actor (b. 1926)
2008 – Juancho Evertsz, Dutch Antillean politician (b. 1923)
2009 – Henk Nijdam, Dutch cyclist (b. 1935)
2011 – Dorjee Khandu, Indian politician, 6th Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh (b. 1955)
2011 – Evald Okas, Estonian painter (b. 1915)
2011 – Ernesto Sabato, Argentinian physicist, author, and painter (b. 1911)
2012 – Tomás Borge, Nicaraguan poet and politician, co-founded the Sandinista National Liberation Front (b. 1930)
2012 – Alexander Dale Oen, Norwegian swimmer (b. 1985)
2012 – Giannis Gravanis, Greek footballer (b. 1958)
2012 – Benzion Netanyahu, Russian-Israeli historian and academic (b. 1910)
2013 – Roberto Chabet, Filipino painter and sculptor (b. 1937)
2013 – Shirley Firth, Canadian skier (b. 1953)
2013 – Viviane Forrester, French author and critic (b. 1925)
2014 – Khaled Choudhury, Indian painter and set designer (b. 1919)
2014 – Julian Lewis, English biologist and academic (b. 1946)
2014 – Carl E. Moses, American businessman and politician (b. 1929)
2014 – Ian Ross, Australian journalist (b. 1940)
2015 – Ben E. King, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1938)
2016 – Daniel Berrigan, American priest and activist (b. 1921)
2016 – Harry Kroto, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1939)
2017 – Belchior, Brazilian singer and composer (b. 1946)
2019 – Peter Mayhew, English-American actor (b. 1944)
2020 – Tony Allen, Nigerian drummer and composer (b. 1940)
2020 – Rishi Kapoor, Indian actor, film director and producer (b. 1952)
2021 – Anthony Payne, English composer (b. 1936)
2022 – Naomi Judd, American singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1946)
2022 – Mino Raiola, Italian football agent (b. 1967)
2023 – Jock Zonfrillo, Scottish television presenter and chef (b. 1976)
2024 – Paul Auster, American writer and film director (b. 1947) |
April 30 | Holidays and observances | Holidays and observances
Armed Forces Day (Georgia)
Camarón Day (French Foreign Legion)
Children's Day (Mexico)
Christian feast day:
Adjutor
Aimo
Amator, Peter and Louis
Donatus of Evorea
Eutropius of Saintes
Marie Guyart (Anglican Church of Canada)
Marie of the Incarnation (Ursuline)
Maximus of Rome
Blessed Miles Gerard
Pomponius of Naples
Pope Pius V
Quirinus of Neuss
Sarah Josepha Hale (Episcopal Church)
Suitbert the Younger
April 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Consumer Protection Day (Thailand)
Honesty Day (United States)
International Jazz Day (UNESCO)
Martyrs' Day (Pakistan)
May Eve, the eve of the first day of summer in the Northern hemisphere (see May 1):
Beltane begins at sunset in the Northern hemisphere, Samhain begins at sunset in the Southern hemisphere. (Neo-Druidic Wheel of the Year)
Walpurgis Night (Central and Northern Europe)
National Persian Gulf Day (Iran)
Reunification Day (Vietnam)
Rincon Day (Bonaire)
Russian State Fire Service Day (Russia)
Teachers' Day (Paraguay) |
April 30 | References | References |
April 30 | External links | External links
BBC: On This Day
Historical Events on April 30
Category:Days of April |
April 30 | Table of Content | pp-pc1, Events, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Births, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Deaths, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Holidays and observances, References, External links |
August 22 | pp-pc1 | |
August 22 | Events | Events |
August 22 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.
1153 – Crusader–Fatimid wars: The fortress of Ascalon was surrendered by Fatimid Egypt to an army of crusaders, Templars, and Hospitallers led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem.
1485 – The Battle of Bosworth Field occurs; King Richard III of England's death in battle marks the end of the reigning Plantagenet dynasty and the beginning of the Tudors under Henry VII.
1559 – Spanish archbishop Bartolomé Carranza is arrested for heresy. |
August 22 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1614 – Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.
1639 – Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
1642 – Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
1654 – Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.
1711 – Britain's Quebec Expedition loses eight ships and almost nine hundred soldiers, sailors and women to rocks at Pointe-aux-Anglais.
1717 – Spanish troops land on Sardinia.
1770 – James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, and claims the east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales.
1777 – British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
1780 – James Cook's ship returns to England (Cook having been killed on Hawaii during the voyage).
1791 – The Haitian slave revolution begins in Saint-Domingue, Haiti.
1798 – French troops land at Kilcummin, County Mayo, Ireland to aid the rebellion.
1827 – José de La Mar becomes President of Peru.
1846 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.
1849 – Passaleão incident: João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, the governor of Portuguese Macau, is assassinated by a group of Chinese locals, triggering a military confrontation between China and Portugal at the Battle of Passaleão three days after.
1851 – The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
1864 – Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention, establishing the rules of protection of the victims of armed conflicts.
1875 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.
1894 – Mahatma Gandhi forms the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in order to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal. |
August 22 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1902 – The Cadillac Motor Company is founded.
1902 – Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to make a public appearance in an automobile.
1902 – At least 6,000 people are killed by the magnitude 7.7 Kashgar earthquake in the Tien Shan mountains.
1922 – Michael Collins, Commander-in-chief of the Irish Free State Army, is shot dead in an ambush during the Irish Civil War.
1934 – Bill Woodfull of Australia becomes the only test cricket captain to twice regain The Ashes.
1941 – World War II: German troops begin the Siege of Leningrad.
1942 – Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan and Italy.
1944 – World War II: Holocaust of Kedros in Crete by German forces.
1949 – The Queen Charlotte earthquake is Canada's strongest since the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
1953 – The penal colony on Devil's Island is permanently closed.
1962 – The OAS attempts to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle.
1963 – X-15 Flight 91 reaches the highest altitude of the X-15 program ( (354,200 feet)).
1965 – Juan Marichal, pitcher for the San Francisco Giants, strikes John Roseboro, catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, on the head with a bat, sparking a 14-minute brawl, one of the most violent on-field incidents in sports history.
1966 – Labor movements NFWA and AWOC merge to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), the predecessor of the United Farm Workers.
1968 – Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America.
1971 – J. Edgar Hoover and John Mitchell announce the arrest of 20 of the Camden 28.
1972 – Rhodesia is expelled by the IOC for its racist policies.
1973 – The Congress of Chile votes in favour of a resolution condemning President Salvador Allende's government and demands that he resign or else be unseated through force and new elections.
1978 – Nicaraguan Revolution: The FSLN seizes the National Congress of Nicaragua, along with over a thousand hostages.
1978 – The District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment is passed by the U.S. Congress, although it is never ratified by a sufficient number of states.
1981 – Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103 disintegrates in mid-air and crashes in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. All 110 people on board are killed.
1985 – British Airtours Flight 28M suffers an engine fire during takeoff at Manchester Airport. The pilots abort but due to inefficient evacuation procedures 55 people are killed, mostly from smoke inhalation.
1989 – Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5,000 strikeouts.
1991 – Iceland is the first nation in the world to recognize the independence of the Baltic states.
1992 – FBI sniper Lon Horiuchi shoots and kills Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.
1999 – China Airlines Flight 642 crashes at Hong Kong International Airport, killing three people and injuring 208 more.
2003 – Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore is suspended after refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove a rock inscribed with the Ten Commandments from the lobby of the Alabama Supreme Court building.
2004 – Versions of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.
2006 – Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near the Russian border over eastern Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.
2006 – Grigori Perelman is awarded the Fields Medal for his proof of the Poincaré conjecture in mathematics but refuses to accept the medal.
2007 – The Texas Rangers defeat the Baltimore Orioles 30–3, the most runs scored by a team in modern Major League Baseball history.
2012 – Ethnic clashes over grazing rights for cattle in Kenya's Tana River District result in more than 52 deaths. |
August 22 | Births | Births |
August 22 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
1412 – Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1464)
1570 – Franz von Dietrichstein, Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal (d. 1636)
1599 – Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (d. 1636) |
August 22 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1601 – Georges de Scudéry, French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1667)
1624 – Jean Regnault de Segrais, French author and poet (d. 1701)
1647 – Denis Papin, French physicist and mathematician, developed pressure cooking (d. 1712)
1679 – Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (d. 1758)
1760 – Pope Leo XII (d. 1829)
1764 – Charles Percier, French architect and interior designer (d. 1838)
1771 – Henry Maudslay, English engineer (d. 1831)
1773 – Aimé Bonpland, French botanist and explorer (d. 1858)
1778 – James Kirke Paulding, American poet, playwright, and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1860)
1800 – Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian poet and scholar (d. 1865)
1818 – Rudolf von Jhering, German jurist (d. 1892)
1827 – Ezra Butler Eddy, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1906)
1834 – Samuel Pierpont Langley, American physicist and astronomer (d. 1906)
1836 – Archibald Willard, American soldier and painter (d. 1918)
1844 – George W. De Long, American Naval officer and explorer (d. 1881)
1845 – William Lewis Douglas, American businessman and politician, 42nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1924)
1847 – John Forrest, Australian politician, 1st Premier of Western Australia (d. 1918)
1848 – Melville Elijah Stone, American publisher, founded the Chicago Daily News (d. 1929)
1854 – Milan I of Serbia (d. 1901)
1857 – Ned Hanlon, American baseball player and manager (d. 1937)
1860 – Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, Polish-German technician and inventor, created the Nipkow disk (d. 1940)
1860 – Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. 1940)
1862 – Claude Debussy, French pianist and composer (d. 1918)
1867 – Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (d. 1939)
1867 – Charles Francis Jenkins, American inventor (d. 1934)
1868 – Willis R. Whitney, American chemist (d. 1958)
1873 – Alexander Bogdanov, Russian physician and philosopher (d. 1928)
1874 – Max Scheler, German philosopher and author (d. 1928)
1880 – Gorch Fock, German author and poet (d. 1916)
1880 – George Herriman, American cartoonist (d. 1944)
1881 – Bede Jarrett, English Dominican priest (d. 1934)
1881 – James Newland, Australian soldier and policeman (d. 1949)
1882 – Raymonde de Laroche, French pilot (d. 1919)
1887 – Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and politician, German Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1977)
1890 – Cecil Kellaway, South African actor (d. 1973)
1891 – Henry Bachtold, Australian soldier and railway engineer (d. 1983)
1891 – Jacques Lipchitz, Lithuanian-Italian sculptor (d. 1973)
1893 – Wilfred Kitching, English 7th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1977)
1893 – Dorothy Parker, American poet, short story writer, critic, and satirist (d. 1967)
1893 – Ernest H. Volwiler, American chemist (d. 1992)
1895 – László Almásy, Hungarian captain, pilot, and explorer (d. 1951)
1895 – Paul Comtois, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1966)
1896 – Laurence McKinley Gould, American geologist, educator, and polar explorer (d. 1995)
1897 – Bill Woodfull, Australian cricketer and educator (d. 1965)
1900 – Lisy Fischer, Swiss-born pianist and child prodigy (d. 1999) |
August 22 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1902 – Thomas Pelly, American lawyer and politician (d. 1973)
1902 – Leni Riefenstahl, German actress, film director and propagandist (d. 2003)
1902 – Edward Rowe Snow, American historian and author (d. 1982)
1903 – Jerry Iger, American cartoonist, co-founded Eisner & Iger (d. 1990)
1904 – Deng Xiaoping, Chinese soldier and politician, 1st Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1997)
1908 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer and painter (d. 2004)
1908 – Erwin Thiesies, German rugby player and coach (d. 1993)
1909 – Julius J. Epstein, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2000)
1909 – Mel Hein, American football player and coach (d. 1992)
1913 – Leonard Pagliero, English businessman and pilot (d. 2008)
1913 – Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian physicist and academic (d. 1993)
1914 – Jack Dunphy, American author and playwright (d. 1992)
1914 – Connie B. Gay, American businessman, co-founded the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum (d. 1989)
1915 – David Dellinger, American activist (d. 2004)
1915 – James Hillier, Canadian-American scientist, co-designed the electron microscope (d. 2007)
1915 – Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and politician, 15th Prime Minister of the Polish Republic in Exile (d. 2005)
1917 – John Lee Hooker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2001)
1918 – Mary McGrory, American journalist and author (d. 2004)
1920 – Ray Bradbury, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (d. 2012)
1920 – Denton Cooley, American surgeon and scientist (d. 2016)
1921 – Dinos Dimopoulos, Greek director and screenwriter (d. 2003)
1921 – Tony Pawson, English cricketer, footballer, and journalist (d. 2012)
1922 – Roberto Aizenberg, Argentine painter and sculptor (d. 1996)
1922 – Theoni V. Aldredge, Greek-American costume designer (d. 2011)
1922 – Frank Kelly Freas, American science fiction and fantasy artist (d. 2005)
1924 – James Kirkwood, Jr., American playwright and author (d. 1989)
1924 – Harishankar Parsai, Indian writer, satirist and humorist (d. 1995)
1925 – Honor Blackman, English actress and republican (d. 2020)
1926 – Marc Bohan, French fashion designer (d. 2023)
1926 – Bob Flanigan, American pop singer (d. 2011)
1928 – Tinga Seisay, Sierra Leonean academic and diplomat (d. 2015)
1928 – Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer and academic (d. 2007)
1929 – Valery Alekseyev, Russian anthropologist and author (d. 1991)
1929 – Roy Clay, American computer scientist (d. 2024)
1929 – Ulrich Wegener, German police officer and general (d. 2017)
1930 – Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013)
1932 – Gerald P. Carr, American engineer, colonel, and astronaut (d. 2020)
1933 – Sylva Koscina, Italian actress (d. 1994)
1934 – Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., American general and engineer (d. 2012)
1935 – Annie Proulx, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist
1936 – Chuck Brown, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2012)
1936 – John Callaway, American journalist and producer (d. 2009)
1936 – Dale Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010)
1936 – Werner Stengel, German roller coaster designer and engineer, designed the Maverick roller coaster
1938 – Jean Berkey, American businesswoman and politician (d. 2013)
1939 – Valerie Harper, American actress (d. 2019)
1939 – Carl Yastrzemski, American baseball player
1940 – Bill McCartney, American football player and coach (d. 2025)
1941 – Bill Parcells, American football player and coach
1943 – Alun Michael, Welsh police commissioner and politician, inaugural First Minister of Wales
1943 – Masatoshi Shima, Japanese computer scientist and engineer, co-designed the Intel 4004
1944 – Roger Cashmore, English physicist and academic
1945 – David Chase, American screenwriter and producer
1945 – Ron Dante, American singer-songwriter and producer
1947 – Cindy Williams, American actress and producer (d. 2023)
1948 – David Marks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1949 – Diana Nyad, American swimmer and author
1949 – Joop Donkervoort, Dutch businessman
1950 – Ray Burris, American baseball player and coach
1950 – Scooter Libby, American lawyer and politician, Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States
1952 – Peter Laughner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1977)
1953 – Paul Ellering, American weightlifter, wrestler, and manager
1955 – Chiranjeevi, Indian film actor, producer and politician
1956 – Paul Molitor, American baseball player and coach
1956 – Peter Taylor, Australian cricketer
1957 – Steve Davis, English snooker player, sportscaster, and author
1957 – Holly Dunn, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
1958 – Colm Feore, American-Canadian actor
1958 – Stevie Ray, American wrestler
1958 – Vernon Reid, English-born American guitarist and songwriter
1959 – Juan Croucier, Cuban-American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
1959 – Pia Gjellerup, Danish lawyer and politician, Danish Minister of Finance
1959 – Mark Williams, English actor
1960 – Holger Gehrke, German footballer and manager
1960 – Collin Raye, American country music singer
1960 – Regina Taylor, American actress and playwright
1961 – Andrés Calamaro, Argentine singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1961 – Roland Orzabal, English singer and musician
1961 – Debbi Peterson, American singer-songwriter and drummer
1962 – Stefano Tilli, Italian sprinter
1963 – Tori Amos, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
1963 – James DeBarge, American R&B/soul singer
1964 – Mats Wilander, Swedish-American tennis player and coach
1965 – Wendy Botha, South African-Australian surfer
1965 – David Reimer, Canadian man, born male but reassigned female and raised as a girl after a botched circumcision (d. 2004)
1966 – GZA, American rapper and producer
1966 – Rob Witschge, Dutch footballer and manager
1967 – Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, English actor
1967 – Ty Burrell, American actor and comedian
1967 – Paul Colman, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1967 – Layne Staley, American singer-songwriter (d. 2002)
1968 – Casper Christensen, Danish comedian, actor, and screenwriter
1968 – Aleksandr Mostovoi, Russian footballer
1968 – Elisabeth Murdoch, Australian businesswoman
1968 – Horst Skoff, Austrian tennis player (d. 2008)
1970 – Charlie Connelly, English author and broadcaster
1970 – Giada De Laurentiis, Italian-American chef and author
1970 – Tímea Nagy, Hungarian fencer
1971 – Richard Armitage, English actor
1971 – Craig Finn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1971 – Rick Yune, American actor
1972 – Okkert Brits, South African pole vaulter
1972 – Paul Doucette, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer
1972 – Max Wilson, German-Brazilian race car driver
1973 – Roslina Bakar, Malaysian sport shooter
1973 – Howie Dorough, American singer-songwriter and dancer
1973 – Kristen Wiig, American actress, comedian, and screenwriter
1973 – Eurelijus Žukauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
1974 – Cory Gardner, American politician
1974 – Jenna Leigh Green, American actress and singer
1974 – Agustín Pichot, Argentinian rugby player
1975 – Clint Bolton, Australian footballer
1975 – Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor
1976 – Marius Bezykornovas, Lithuanian footballer
1976 – Bryn Davies, American bassist, cellist, and pianist
1976 – Laurent Hernu, French decathlete
1976 – Jeff Weaver, American baseball player
1976 – Randy Wolf, American baseball player
1977 – Heiðar Helguson, Icelandic footballer
1977 – Keren Cytter, Israeli visual artist and writer
1978 – James Corden, English actor, comedian, writer, and television presenter
1978 – Ioannis Gagaloudis, Greek basketball player
1979 – Brandon Adams, American actor
1979 – Matt Walters, American football player
1980 – Roland Benschneider, German footballer
1980 – Nicolas Macrozonaris, Canadian sprinter
1980 – Seiko Yamamoto, Japanese wrestler
1981 – Alex Holmes, American football player
1981 – Jang Hyun-kyu, South Korean footballer (d. 2012)
1981 – Christina Obergföll, German athlete
1983 – Theo Bos, Dutch cyclist
1983 – Jahri Evans, American football player
1984 – Lee Camp, English footballer
1984 – Lawrence Quaye, Ghanaian-Qatari footballer
1985 – Luke Russert, American journalist
1985 – Jey Uso, Samoan-American wrestler
1985 – Jimmy Uso, Samoan-American wrestler
1985 – Salih Yoluç, Turkish race car drivrSalih Yoluc career profile, Driver Database
1986 – Stephen Ireland, Irish footballer
1986 – Tokushōryū Makoto, Japanese sumo wrestler
1987 – Leonardo Moracci, Italian footballer
1987 – Apollo Crews, American wrestler
1989 – Giacomo Bonaventura, Italian footballer
1990 – Randall Cobb, American football player
1990 – Drew Hutchison, American baseball player
1990 – Robbie Rochow, Australian rugby league player
1990 – Adam Thielen, American football player
1991 – Federico Macheda, Italian footballer
1991 – Brayden Schenn, Canadian ice hockey player
1992 – Ema Burgić Bucko, Bosnian tennis player
1993 – Dillon Danis, American mixed martial artist
1994 – Israel Broussard, American actor
1994 – Olli Määttä, Finnish ice hockey player
1995 – Dua Lipa, English singer-songwriter
1996 – Jessica-Jane Applegate, British Paralympic swimmer
1996 – Jeon So-min, South Korean singer-songwriter
1997 – Maxx Crosby, American football player
1997 – Fanum, American streamer
1997 – Lautaro Martínez, Argentine footballer
2001 – LaMelo Ball, American basketball player
2003 – Cooper Connolly, Australian cricketer
2005 – Stiliana Nikolova, Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast |
August 22 | Deaths | Deaths |
August 22 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
408 – Stilicho, Roman general (b. 359)
1155 – Emperor Konoe of Japan (b. 1139)
1241 – Pope Gregory IX, (b. 1143)
1280 – Pope Nicholas III (b. 1225)
1304 – John II, Count of Holland (b. 1247)
1338 – William II, Duke of Athens (b. 1312)
1350 – Philip VI of France (b. 1293)
1358 – Isabella of France (b. 1295)
1425 – Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (b. 1423)
1456 – Vladislav II of Wallachia
1485 – Richard III of England (b. 1452)
1485 – James Harrington, Yorkist knight
1485 – John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk (b. 1430)
1485 – Richard Ratcliffe, supporter of Richard III
1485 – William Brandon, supporter of Henry VII (b. 1426)
1532 – William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)
1545 – Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician and husband of Mary Tudor (b. c. 1484)
1553 – John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English admiral and politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1504)
1572 – Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, English leader of the Rising of the North (b. 1528)
1584 – Jan Kochanowski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1530)
1599 – Luca Marenzio, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1553) |
August 22 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1607 – Bartholomew Gosnold, English lawyer and explorer, founded the London Company (b. 1572)
1652 – Jacob De la Gardie, Estonian-Swedish soldier and politician, Lord High Constable of Sweden (b. 1583)
1664 – Maria Cunitz, Polish astronomer and author (b. 1610)
1680 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1613)
1681 – Philippe Delano, Dutch Plymouth Colony settler (b. 1602)
1701 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1628)
1711 – Louis François, duc de Boufflers, French general (b. 1644)
1752 – William Whiston, English mathematician, historian, and theologian (b. 1667)
1773 – George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton, English poet and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1709)
1793 – Louis de Noailles, French general (b. 1713)
1797 – Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, French-Austrian field marshal (b. 1724)
1806 – Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter and illustrator (b. 1732)
1818 – Warren Hastings, English lawyer and politician, 1st Governor-General of Bengal (b. 1732)
1828 – Franz Joseph Gall, Austrian neuroanatomist and physiologist (b. 1758)
1850 – Nikolaus Lenau, Romanian-Austrian poet and author (b. 1802)
1861 – Xianfeng, Emperor of China (b. 1831)
1888 – Ágoston Trefort, Hungarian jurist and politician, Hungarian Minister of Education (b. 1817)
1891 – Jan Neruda, Czech journalist, author, and poet (b. 1834) |
August 22 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1903 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1830)
1904 – Kate Chopin, American novelist and poet (b. 1850)
1909 – Henry Radcliffe Crocker, English dermatologist and author (b. 1846)
1914 – Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi, Italian bishop and academic (b. 1859)
1918 – Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist and academic (b. 1868)
1920 – Anders Zorn, Swedish artist (b. 1860)
1922 – Michael Collins, Irish rebel, counter-intelligence and military tactician, and politician; 2nd Irish Minister of Finance (b. 1890)
1926 – Charles William Eliot, American academic (b. 1834)
1933 – Alexandros Kontoulis, Greek general and diplomat (b. 1858)
1940 – Oliver Lodge, English physicist and academic (b. 1851)
1940 – Gerald Strickland, 1st Baron Strickland, Maltese lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1861)
1942 – Michel Fokine, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1880)
1946 – Döme Sztójay, Hungarian general and politician, 35th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1883)
1950 – Kirk Bryan, American geologist and academic (b. 1888)
1951 – Jack Bickell, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1884)
1953 – Jim Tabor, American baseball player (b. 1916)
1958 – Roger Martin du Gard, French novelist and paleographer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
1960 – Johannes Sikkar, Estonian soldier and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (b. 1897)
1963 – William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield, English businessman and philanthropist, founded Morris Motors (b. 1877)
1967 – Gregory Goodwin Pincus, American biologist and academic, co-created the birth-control pill (b. 1903)
1970 – Vladimir Propp, Russian philologist and scholar (b. 1895)
1971 – Birger Nerman, Swedish archaeologist (b. 1888)
1974 – Jacob Bronowski, Polish-English mathematician, biologist, and author (b. 1908)
1976 – Gina Bachauer, Greek pianist and composer (b. 1913)
1976 – Juscelino Kubitschek, Brazilian physician and politician, 21st President of Brazil (b. 1902)
1977 – Sebastian Cabot, English actor (b. 1918)
1977 – Chunseong, Korean monk, philosopher and writer (b. 1891)
1977 – Rex Connor, Australian politician (b. 1907)
1978 – Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan politician, 1st President of Kenya (b. 1894)
1979 – James T. Farrell, American novelist, short-story writer, and poet (b. 1904)
1980 – James Smith McDonnell, American pilot, engineer, and businessman, founded McDonnell Aircraft (b. 1899)
1981 – Vicente Manansala, Filipino painter (b. 1910)
1985 – Charles Gibson (historian), Historian of Mexico and its Indians, President of the American Historical Association (b. 1920)
1986 – Celâl Bayar, Turkish lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Turkey (b. 1883)
1987 – Joseph P. Lash, American author and journalist (b. 1909)
1989 – Robert Grondelaers, Belgian cyclist (b. 1933)
1989 – Huey P. Newton, American activist, co-founded the Black Panther Party (b. 1942)
1991 – Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-American actress (b. 1924)
1991 – Boris Pugo, Russian soldier and politician, Soviet Minister of Interior (b. 1937)
1994 – Gilles Groulx, Canadian director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
1994 – Allan Houser, American sculptor and painter (b. 1914)
1995 – Johnny Carey, Irish footballer and manager (b. 1919)
1996 – Erwin Komenda, Austrian car designer and engineer (b. 1904)
2000 – Abulfaz Elchibey, 2nd President of Azerbaijan (b. 1938)
2003 – Arnold Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater and coach (b. 1914)
2004 – Konstantin Aseev, Russian chess player and trainer (b. 1960)
2004 – Angus Bethune, Australian soldier and politician, 33rd Premier of Tasmania (b. 1908)
2004 – Daniel Petrie, Canadian director and producer (b. 1920)
2005 – Luc Ferrari, French-Italian director and composer (b. 1929)
2005 – Ernest Kirkendall, American chemist and metallurgist (b. 1914)
2007 – Grace Paley, American short story writer and poet (b. 1922)
2008 – Gladys Powers, English-Canadian soldier (b. 1899)
2009 – Muriel Duckworth, Canadian pacifist, feminist, and activist (b. 1908)
2009 – Elmer Kelton, American journalist and author (b. 1926)
2010 – Stjepan Bobek, Croatian footballer and manager (b. 1923)
2011 – Nick Ashford, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1942)
2011 – Jack Layton, Canadian academic and politician (b. 1950)
2011 – Casey Ribicoff, American philanthropist (b. 1922)
2012 – Nina Bawden, English author (b. 1925)
2012 – Paul Shan Kuo-hsi, Chinese cardinal (b. 1923)
2012 – Jeffrey Stone, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1926)
2013 – Paul Poberezny, American pilot and businessman, founded the Experimental Aircraft Association (b. 1921)
2013 – Andrea Servi, Italian footballer (b. 1984)
2014 – U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)
2014 – Emmanuel Kriaras, Greek lexicographer and philologist (b. 1906)
2014 – Pete Ladygo, American football player and coach (b. 1928)
2014 – Noella Leduc, American baseball player (b. 1933)
2014 – John Sperling, American businessman, founded the University of Phoenix (b. 1921)
2014 – John S. Waugh, American chemist and academic (b. 1929)
2015 – Arthur Morris, Australian cricketer and journalist (b. 1922)
2015 – Ieng Thirith, Cambodian academic and politician (b. 1932)
2015 – Eric Thompson, English race car driver and book dealer (b. 1919)
2016 – S. R. Nathan, 6th President of Singapore (b. 1924)
2016 – Toots Thielemans, Belgian and American jazz musician (b. 1922)
2017 – Michael J. C. Gordon, British Computer scientist (b. 1948)
2018 – Ed King, American musician (b. 1949)
2018 – Krishna Reddy, Indian printmaker, sculptor and teacher (b. 1925)
2021 – Rod Gilbert, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1941)
2024 – Arthur J. Gregg, American military officer (b. 1928) |
August 22 | Holidays and observances | Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Guinefort, the holy greyhound, feast day traditionally.Saint Guinefort: The Holy Greyhound
Immaculate Heart of Mary (Roman Catholic calendar of 1960)
Queenship of Mary
August 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief
Earliest day on which National Heroes' Day (Philippines) can fall, while August 28 is the latest; celebrated on the fourth Monday in August.
Flag Day (Russia)
Madras Day (Chennai and Tamil Nadu, India) |
August 22 | References | References |
August 22 | External links | External links
Category:Days of August |
August 22 | Table of Content | pp-pc1, Events, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Births, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Deaths, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Holidays and observances, References, External links |
August 27 | pp-move | |
August 27 | Events | Events |
August 27 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.
1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.
1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the Kamakura shogunate promulgates the Goseibai Shikimoku, the first Japanese legal code governing the samurai class. For date conversion, see
1353 – War of the Straits and Sardinian–Aragonese war: The Battle of Alghero results in a crushing victory of the allied Aragonese and Venetian fleet over the Genoese fleet, most of which is captured.
1557 – The Battle of St. Quentin results in Emmanuel Philibert becoming Duke of Savoy.
1593 – Pierre Barrière failed an attempt to assassinate Henry IV of France.
1597 – Jeongyu War: Battle of Chilcheollyang: A Japanese fleet of 500 ships destroys Joseon commander Won Gyun's fleet of 200 ships at Chilcheollyang.
1600 – Ishida Mitsunari's Western Army commences the Siege of Fushimi Castle, which is lightly defended by a much smaller Tokugawa garrison led by Torii Mototada. |
August 27 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1689 – The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Russia and the Qing Empire (Julian calendar).
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Members of the 1st Maryland Regiment repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the Battle of Long Island, allowing General Washington and the rest of the American troops to escape.
1791 – French Revolution: Frederick William II of Prussia and Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, issue the Declaration of Pillnitz, declaring the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and Prussia for the French monarchy, agitating the French revolutionaries and contributing to the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition.
1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: The city of Toulon revolts against the French Republic and admits the British and Spanish fleets to seize its port, leading to the Siege of Toulon by French Revolutionary forces.
1798 – Wolfe Tone's United Irish and French forces clash with the British Army in the Battle of Castlebar, part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, resulting in the creation of the French puppet Republic of Connacht.
1810 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France.
1813 – French Emperor Napoleon I defeats a larger force of Austrians, Russians, and Prussians at the Battle of Dresden.
1828 – Brazil and Argentina recognize the sovereignty of Uruguay in the Treaty of Montevideo.
1832 – Black Hawk, leader of the Sauk tribe of Native Americans, surrenders to U.S. authorities, ending the Black Hawk War.
1859 – Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania, leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well.
1881 – The Georgia hurricane makes landfall near Savannah, Georgia, resulting in an estimated 700 deaths.
1883 – Eruption of Krakatoa: Four enormous explosions almost completely destroy the island of Krakatoa and cause years of climate change.
1893 – The Sea Islands hurricane strikes the United States near Savannah, Georgia, killing between 1,000 and 2,000 people.
1895 – Japanese invasion of Taiwan: Battle of Baguashan: The Empire of Japan decisively defeats a smaller Formosan army at Changhua, crippling the short-lived Republic of Formosa and leading to its surrender two months later.
1896 – Anglo-Zanzibar War: The shortest war in world history (09:02 to 09:40), between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar. |
August 27 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1908 – The Qing dynasty promulgates the Qinding Xianfa Dagang, the first constitutional document in the history of China, transforming the Qing empire into a constitutional monarchy.
1914 – World War I: Battle of Étreux: A British rearguard action by the Royal Munster Fusiliers during the Great Retreat.
1914 – World War I: Siege of Tsingtao: A Japanese fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Sadakichi Kato imposes a blockade along the whole coastline of German Tsingtao, initiating the Siege of Tsingtao.
1915 – Attempted assassination of Bishop Patrick Heffron, bishop of the Diocese of Winona, by Rev. Louis M. Lesches.
1916 – World War I: The Kingdom of Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary, entering the war as one of the Allied nations.
1918 – Mexican Revolution: Battle of Ambos Nogales: U.S. Army forces skirmish against Mexican Carrancistas in the only battle of World War I fought on American soil.
1922 – Greco-Turkish War: The Turkish army takes the Aegean city of Afyonkarahisar from the Kingdom of Greece.
1927 – Five Canadian women file a petition to the Supreme Court of Canada, asking: "Does the word 'Persons' in Section 24 of the British North America Act, 1867, include female persons?"
1928 – The Kellogg–Briand Pact outlawing war is signed by fifteen nations. Ultimately sixty-one nations will sign it.
1933 – The first Afrikaans Bible is introduced during a Bible Festival in Bloemfontein.
1939 – First flight of the turbojet-powered Heinkel He 178, the world's first jet aircraft.
1942 – First day of the Sarny Massacre, perpetrated by Germans and Ukrainians.
1943 – World War II: Japanese forces evacuate New Georgia Island in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II.
1943 – World War II: Aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe razes to the ground the village of Vorizia in Crete.
1955 – The first edition of the Guinness Book of Records is published in Great Britain.
1956 – The nuclear power station at Calder Hall in the United Kingdom was connected to the national power grid becoming the world's first commercial nuclear power station to generate electricity on an industrial scale.
1962 – The Mariner 2 unmanned space mission is launched to Venus by NASA.
1963 – An explosion at the Cane Creek potash mine near Moab, Utah kills 18 miners.
1964 – South Vietnamese junta leader Nguyễn Khánh enters into a triumvirate power-sharing arrangement with rival generals Trần Thiện Khiêm and Dương Văn Minh, who had both been involved in plots to unseat Khánh.
1971 – An attempted coup d'état fails in the African nation of Chad. The Government of Chad accuses Egypt of playing a role in the attempt and breaks off diplomatic relations.
1975 – The Governor of Portuguese Timor abandons its capital, Dili, and flees to Atauro Island, leaving control to a rebel group.
1979 – The Troubles: Eighteen British soldiers are killed in an ambush by the Provisional Irish Republican Army near Warrenpoint, Northern Ireland, in the deadliest attack on British forces during Operation Banner. An IRA bomb also kills British royal family member Lord Mountbatten and three others on his boat at Mullaghmore, Republic of Ireland.
1980 – South Korean presidential election: After successfully staging the Coup d'état of May Seventeenth, General Chun Doo-hwan, running unopposed, has the National Conference for Unification elect him President of the Fourth Republic of Korea.
1982 – Turkish military diplomat Colonel Atilla Altıkat is shot and killed in Ottawa. Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide claim to be avenging the massacre of million Armenians in the 1915 Armenian genocide.
1985 – Major General Muhammadu Buhari, Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Nigeria, is ousted from power in a coup d'état led by Major General Ibrahim Babangida.
1985 – Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-51-I to deploy three communication satellites and repair a fourth malfunctioning one.
1991 – The European Community recognizes the independence of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1991 – Moldova declares independence from the USSR.
1992 – Aeroflot Flight 2808 crashes on approach to Ivanovo Yuzhny Airport, killing all 84 aboard.
2003 – Mars makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing distant.
2003 – The first six-party talks, involving South and North Korea, the United States, China, Japan and Russia, convene to find a peaceful resolution to the security concerns of the North Korean nuclear weapons program.
2006 – Comair Flight 5191 crashes on takeoff from Blue Grass Airport in Lexington, Kentucky, bound for Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta. Of the passengers and crew, 49 of 50 are confirmed dead in the hours following the crash.
2009 – Internal conflict in Myanmar: The Burmese military junta and ethnic armies begin three days of violent clashes in the Kokang Special Region.
2011 – Hurricane Irene strikes the United States east coast, killing 47 and causing an estimated $15.6 billion in damage. |
August 27 | Births | Births |
August 27 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
865 – Rhazes, Persian polymath (d. 925)
1407 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1425)
1471 – George, Duke of Saxony (d. 1539)
1487 – Anna of Brandenburg (d. 1514)
1512 – Friedrich Staphylus, German theologian (d. 1564)
1542 – John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania and Protestant Bishop of Cammin (d. 1600)
1545 – Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1592) |
August 27 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1624 – Koxinga, Chinese-Japanese Ming loyalist (d. 1662)
1637 – Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, English politician, 2nd Proprietor of Maryland (d. 1715)
1665 – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician (d. 1751)
1669 – Anne Marie d'Orléans, queen of Sardinia (d. 1728)
1677 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun, Austrian general (d. 1748)
1724 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American pastor, planter, and politician (d. 1781)
1730 – Johann Georg Hamann, German philosopher and author (d. 1788)
1770 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher and academic (d. 1831)
1785 – Agustín Gamarra, Peruvian general and politician, 10th and 14th President of Peru (d. 1841)
1795 – Giorgio Mitrovich, Maltese politician (d. 1885)
1803 – Edward Beecher, American minister and theologian (d. 1895)
1809 – Hannibal Hamlin, American publisher and politician, 15th Vice President of the United States (d. 1891)
1812 – Bertalan Szemere, Hungarian poet and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1869)
1822 – William Hayden English, American politician, U.S. Representative from Indiana and Democratic vice-presidential nominee (d. 1896)
1827 – Charles Lilley, English-Australian politician, 4th Premier of Queensland (d. 1897)
1845 – Ödön Lechner, Hungarian architect, designed the Museum of Applied Arts and the Church of St Elisabeth (d. 1914)
1845 – Friedrich Martens, Estonian-Russian historian, lawyer, and diplomat (d. 1909)
1856 – Ivan Franko, Ukrainian author and poet (d. 1916)
1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1932)
1864 – Hermann Weingärtner, German gymnast (d. 1919)
1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian (d. 1935)
1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
1868 – Hong Beom-do, Korean general and activist (d. 1943)
1870 – Amado Nervo, Mexican journalist, poet, and diplomat (d. 1919)
1871 – Theodore Dreiser, American novelist and journalist (d. 1945)
1874 – Carl Bosch, German chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
1875 – Katharine McCormick, American biologist, philanthropist, and activist (d. 1967)
1877 – Charles Rolls, English engineer and businessman, co-founded Rolls-Royce Limited (d. 1910)
1877 – Ernst Wetter, Swiss lawyer and politician, 48th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1963)
1878 – Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, Russian general (d. 1928)
1884 – Vincent Auriol, French lawyer and politician, President of the French Republic (d. 1966)
1884 – Denis G. Lillie, British biologist, member of the 1910–1913 Terra Nova Expedition (d. 1963)
1886 – Rebecca Clarke, English viola player and composer (d. 1979)
1890 – Man Ray, American-French photographer and painter (d. 1976)
1895 – Andreas Alföldi, Hungarian archaeologist and historian (d. 1981)
1896 – Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese author and poet (d. 1933)
1898 – Gaspard Fauteux, Canadian businessman and politician, 19th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1963)
1899 – C. S. Forester, English novelist (d. 1966) |
August 27 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1904 – Alar Kotli, Estonian architect (d. 1963)
1904 – Norah Lofts, English author (d. 1983)
1904 – John Hay Whitney, American businessman, publisher, and diplomat, founded J.H. Whitney & Company (d. 1982)
1905 – Aris Velouchiotis, Greek soldier (d. 1945)
1906 – Ed Gein, American murderer and body snatcher, The Butcher of Plainfield (d. 1982)
1908 – Don Bradman, Australian cricketer and manager (d. 2001)
1908 – Lyndon B. Johnson, American commander and politician, 36th President of the United States (d. 1973)
1909 – Sylvère Maes, Belgian cyclist (d. 1966)
1909 – Charles Pozzi, French race car driver (d. 2001)
1909 – Lester Young, American saxophonist and clarinet player (d. 1959)
1911 – Kay Walsh, English actress and dancer (d. 2005)
1912 – Gloria Guinness, Mexican journalist (d. 1980)
1915 – Norman Foster Ramsey Jr., American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
1916 – Gordon Bashford, English engineer, co-designed the Range Rover (d. 1991)
1916 – Tony Harris, South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 1993)
1916 – Martha Raye, American actress and comedian (d. 1994)
1917 – Peanuts Lowrey, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1986)
1918 – Jelle Zijlstra, Dutch economist and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2001)
1919 – Pee Wee Butts, American baseball player and coach (d. 1972)
1919 – Murray Grand, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2007)
1920 – Baptiste Manzini, American football player (d. 2008)
1920 – James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead, Northern Irish soldier and politician (d. 2015)
1921 – Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1996)
1921 – Leo Penn, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1998)
1922 – Roelof Kruisinga, Dutch physician and politician, Minister of Defence for The Netherlands (d. 2012)
1923 – Jimmy Greenhalgh, English footballer and manager (d. 2013)
1924 – David Rowbotham, Australian journalist and poet (d. 2010)
1924 – Rosalie E. Wahl, American lawyer and jurist (d. 2013)
1925 – Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Italian cardinal (d. 2017)
1925 – Nat Lofthouse, English footballer and manager (d. 2011)
1925 – Saiichi Maruya, Japanese author and critic (d. 2012)
1925 – Bill Neilson, Australian politician, 34th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1989)
1925 – Jaswant Singh Neki, Indian poet and academic (d. 2015)
1925 – Carter Stanley, American bluegrass singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1966)
1926 – George Brecht, American-German chemist and composer (d. 2008)
1926 – Kristen Nygaard, Norwegian computer scientist and academic (d. 2002)
1928 – Péter Boross, Hungarian lawyer and politician, 54th Prime Minister of Hungary
1928 – Mangosuthu Buthelezi, South African politician, Chief Minister of KwaZulu (d. 2023)
1928 – Joan Kroc, American philanthropist (d. 2003)
1929 – Ira Levin, American novelist, playwright, and songwriter (d. 2007)
1929 – George Scott, Canadian-American wrestler and promoter (d. 2014)
1930 – Aase Foss Abrahamsen, Norwegian writer (d. 2023)
1930 – Gholamreza Takhti, Iranian wrestler and politician (d. 1968)
1931 – Sri Chinmoy, Indian-American guru and poet (d. 2007)
1931 – Joe Cunningham, American baseball player and coach (d. 2021)
1932 – Cor Brom, Dutch footballer and manager (d. 2008)
1932 – Antonia Fraser, English historian and author
1935 – Ernie Broglio, American baseball player (d. 2019)
1935 – Michael Holroyd, English author
1935 – Frank Yablans, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2014)
1936 – Joel Kovel, American scholar and author (d. 2018)
1936 – Lien Chan, Taiwanese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China
1937 – Alice Coltrane, American pianist and composer (d. 2007)
1937 – Tommy Sands, American pop singer and actor
1939 – William Least Heat-Moon, American travel writer and historian
1939 – Edward Patten, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2005)
1939 – Nikola Pilić, Yugoslav tennis player and coach
1940 – Fernest Arceneaux, American singer and accordion player (d. 2008)
1940 – Sonny Sharrock, American guitarist (d. 1994)
1941 – Cesária Évora, Cape Verdean singer (d. 2011)
1941 – János Konrád, Hungarian water polo player and swimmer (d. 2014)
1941 – Harrison Page, American actor
1942 – Daryl Dragon, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2019)
1942 – Brian Peckford, Canadian educator and politician, 3rd Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador
1943 – Chuck Girard, American singer-songwriter and pianist
1943 – Bob Kerrey, American lieutenant and politician, Medal of Honor recipient, 35th Governor of Nebraska
1943 – Tuesday Weld, American model and actress
1944 – G. W. Bailey, American actor
1944 – Tim Bogert, American singer and bass player (d. 2021)
1945 – Douglas R. Campbell, Canadian lawyer and judge
1945 – Marianne Sägebrecht, German actress
1946 – Tony Howard, Barbadian cricketer and manager
1947 – Barbara Bach, American actress and model
1947 – Halil Berktay, Turkish historian and academic
1947 – Kirk Francis, American engineer and producer
1947 – Peter Krieg, German director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
1947 – John Morrison, New Zealand cricketer and politician
1947 – Gavin Pfuhl, South African cricketer and sportscaster (d. 2002)
1948 – John Mehler, American drummer
1948 – Sgt. Slaughter, American wrestler
1948 – Deborah Swallow, English historian and curator
1948 – Philippe Vallois, French director and screenwriter
1949 – Jeff Cook, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2022)
1949 – Leah Jamieson, American computer scientist, engineer, and academic
1949 – Ann Murray, Irish soprano
1950 – Charles Fleischer, American comedian and actor
1950 – Neil Murray, Scottish bass player and songwriter
1950 – Edmund Weiner, English lexicographer and author
1951 – Buddy Bell, American baseball player and manager
1951 – Mack Brown, American football player and coach
1951 – Randall Garrison, American-Canadian criminologist and politician
1952 – Paul Reubens, American actor and comedian (d. 2023)
1953 – Tom Berryhill, American businessman and politician (d. 2020)
1953 – Alex Lifeson, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1953 – Joan Smith, English journalist and author
1953 – Peter Stormare, Swedish actor, director, and playwright
1954 – John Lloyd, English tennis player and sportscaster
1954 – Rajesh Thakker, English physician and academic
1954 – Derek Warwick, English race car driver
1955 – Robert Richardson, American cinematographer
1955 – Diana Scarwid, American actress
1956 – Glen Matlock, English singer-songwriter and bass player
1957 – Jeff Grubb, American game designer and author
1957 – Bernhard Langer, German golfer
1958 – Sergei Krikalev, Russian engineer and astronaut
1958 – Tom Lanoye, Belgian author, poet, and playwright
1958 – Hugh Orde, British police officer
1959 – Daniela Romo, Mexican singer, actress and TV hostess
1959 – Gerhard Berger, Austrian race car driver
1959 – Juan Fernando Cobo, Colombian painter and sculptor
1959 – Denice Denton, American engineer and academic (d. 2006)
1959 – Frode Fjellheim, Norwegian pianist and composer
1959 – András Petőcz, Hungarian author and poet
1959 – Jeanette Winterson, English journalist and novelist
1961 – Yolanda Adams, American singer, producer, and actress
1961 – Mark Curry, English television host and actor
1961 – Tom Ford, American fashion designer and film director
1961 – Steve McDowall, New Zealand rugby player
1961 – Helmut Winklhofer, German footballer
1962 – Adam Oates, Canadian ice hockey player
1964 – Stephan Elliott, Australian actor, director, and screenwriter
1964 – Paul Bernardo, Canadian serial rapist and murderer
1965 – Scott Dibble, American lawyer and politician
1965 – Wayne James, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
1965 – Ange Postecoglou, Greek-Australian footballer and coach
1966 – Jeroen Duyster, Dutch rower
1966 – René Higuita, Colombian footballer
1966 – Juhan Parts, Estonian lawyer and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Estonia
1967 – Ogie Alcasid, Filipino singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
1967 – Rob Burnett, American football player and sportscaster
1968 – Eric "Bobo" Correa, American musician
1968 – Daphne Koller, Israeli-American computer scientist and academic
1968 – Michael Long, New Zealand golfer
1968 – Matthew Ridge, New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster
1969 – Mark Ealham, English cricketer
1969 – Cesar Millan, Mexican-American dog trainer, television personality, and author
1969 – Reece Shearsmith, English actor, comedian and writer
1969 – Chandra Wilson, American actress and director
1970 – Andy Bichel, Australian cricketer and coach
1970 – Mark Ilott, English cricketer
1970 – Tony Kanal, British-American bass player. songwriter, and record producer
1970 – Jim Thome, American baseball player and manager
1970 – Karl Unterkircher, Italian mountaineer (d. 2008)
1971 – Ernest Faber, Dutch footballer and manager
1971 – Kyung Lah, South Korean-American journalist
1971 – Hisayuki Okawa, Japanese runner
1971 – Aygül Özkan, German lawyer and politician
1972 – Jaap-Derk Buma, Dutch field hockey player
1972 – The Great Khali, Indian professional wrestler
1972 – Denise Lewis, English heptathlete
1972 – Jimmy Pop, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1972 – Pokwang, Filipino comedian, actress, television host and singer
1973 – Danny Coyne, Welsh footballer
1973 – Dietmar Hamann, German footballer and manager
1973 – Burak Kut, Turkish singer-songwriter
1973 – Johan Norberg, Swedish historian and author
1974 – Aaron Downey, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1974 – Manny Fernandez, Canadian ice hockey player
1974 – Michael Mason, New Zealand cricketer
1974 – José Vidro, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
1974 – Mohammad Yousuf, Pakistani cricketer
1975 – Blake Adams, American golfer
1975 – Mase, American rapper, songwriter and pastor
1975 – Jonny Moseley, Puerto Rican-American skier and television host
1975 – Marko Rudan, Australian footballer and manager
1976 – Sarah Chalke, Canadian actress
1976 – Audrey C. Delsanti, French astronomer and biologist
1976 – Milano Collection A.T., Japanese wrestler
1976 – Carlos Moyá, Spanish-Swiss tennis player
1976 – Mark Webber, Australian race car driver
1977 – Deco, Brazilian-Portuguese footballer
1977 – Justin Miller, American baseball player (d. 2013)
1978 – Demetria McKinney, American actress and singer
1979 – Sarah Neufeld, Canadian violinist
1979 – Aaron Paul, American actor and producer
1979 – Karel Rachůnek, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2011)
1979 – Rusty Smith, American speed skater
1981 – Patrick J. Adams, Canadian actor
1981 – Maxwell Cabelino Andrade, Brazilian footballer
1981 – Chantal Djotodia, Beninese-Central African nurse and politician
1981 – Alessandro Gamberini, Italian footballer
1981 – Karla Mosley, American actress
1983 – Joanna McGilchrist, English rugby player and physiotherapist
1984 – David Bentley, English footballer
1984 – Amanda Fuller, American actress
1984 – Sulley Muntari, Ghanaian footballer
1985 – Kayla Ewell, American actress
1985 – Kevan Hurst, English footballer
1985 – Nikica Jelavić, Croatian footballer
1985 – Alexandra Nechita, Romanian-American painter and sculptor
1986 – Lana Bastašić, Serbian-Bosnian author and translator
1986 – Sebastian Kurz, Austrian politician, 25th Chancellor of Austria
1986 – Mario, American singer and actor
1987 – Darren McFadden, American football player
1988 – Alexa PenaVega, American actress and singer
1989 – Romain Amalfitano, French footballer
1989 – Juliana Cannarozzo, American figure skater and actress
1990 – Tori Bowie, American athlete (d. 2023)
1990 – Luuk de Jong, Dutch footballer
1991 – Lee Sung-yeol, South Korean actor and singer
1992 – Blake Jenner, American actor and singer
1992 – Stephen Morris, American football player
1992 – Kim Petras, German singer-songwriter
1992 – Ayame Goriki, Japanese actress and singer
1993 – Sarah Hecken, German figure skater
1993 – Olivier Le Gac, French cyclist
1994 – Ellar Coltrane, American actor
1994 – Breanna Stewart, American basketball player
1995 – Jessie Mei Li, English actress
1995 – Sergey Sirotkin, Russian race car driver
1997 – Lucas Paquetá, Brazilian footballer
1998 – Kevin Huerter, American basketball player
1998 – Matheus Nunes, Portuguese footballer
1998 – Rod Wave, American rapper, singer, and songwriter
2001 – Franz Wagner, German basketball player
2006 – Kang Ju-hyeok, South Korean footballer
2007 – Ariana Greenblatt, American actress |
August 27 | Deaths | Deaths |
August 27 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
542 – Caesarius of Arles, French bishop and saint (b. 470)
749 – Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i, Persian general
827 – Pope Eugene II
923 – Ageltrude, queen of Italy and Holy Roman Empress
1146 – King Eric III of Denmark
1255 – Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln (b. 1247)
1312 – Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1261)
1394 – Emperor Chōkei of Japan (b. 1343)
1450 – Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, English politician (b. 1395)
1521 – Josquin des Prez, Flemish composer (b. 1450)
1545 – Piotr Gamrat, Polish archbishop (b. 1487)
1576 – Titian, Italian painter and educator (b. 1488)
1590 – Pope Sixtus V (b. 1521) |
August 27 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1611 – Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spanish composer (b. c. 1548)
1635 – Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1562)
1664 – Francisco de Zurbarán, Spanish painter and educator (b. 1598)
1748 – James Thomson, Scottish poet and playwright (b. 1700)
1782 – John Laurens, American Revolutionary and abolitionist (b. 1754)
1828 – Eise Eisinga, Dutch astronomer and academic, built the Eisinga Planetarium (b. 1744)
1857 – Rufus Wilmot Griswold, American anthologist, poet, and critic (b. 1815)
1865 – Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Canadian judge and politician (b. 1796)
1871 – William Whiting Boardman, American lawyer and politician (b. 1794)
1875 – William Chapman Ralston, American businessman and financier, founded the Bank of California (b. 1826)
1891 – Samuel C. Pomeroy, American businessman and politician (b. 1816) |
August 27 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1903 – Kusumoto Ine, first Japanese female doctor of Western medicine (b. 1827)
1909 – Emil Christian Hansen, Danish physiologist and mycologist (b. 1842)
1922 – Reşat Çiğiltepe, Turkish colonel (b. 1879)
1929 – Herman Potočnik, Croatian-Austrian engineer (b. 1892)
1931 – Frank Harris, Irish-American journalist and author (b. 1856)
1931 – Willem Hubert Nolens, Dutch priest and politician (b. 1860)
1931 – Francis Marion Smith, American miner and businessman (b. 1846)
1935 – Childe Hassam, American painter and academic (b. 1859)
1944 – Georg von Boeselager, German soldier (b. 1915)
1945 – Hubert Pál Álgyay, Hungarian engineer, designed the Petőfi Bridge (b. 1894)
1948 – Charles Evans Hughes, American lawyer and politician, 11th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1862)
1950 – Cesare Pavese, Italian author, poet, and critic (b. 1908)
1956 – Pelageya Shajn, Russian astronomer and academic (b. 1894)
1958 – Ernest Lawrence, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)
1963 – W. E. B. Du Bois, American sociologist, historian, and activist (b. 1868)
1963 – Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi, Pakistani mathematician and scholar (b. 1888)
1964 – Gracie Allen, American actress and comedian (b. 1895)
1965 – Le Corbusier, Swiss-French architect and urban planner, designed the Philips Pavilion (b. 1887)
1967 – Brian Epstein, English businessman and manager (b. 1934)
1968 – Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (b. 1906)
1969 – Ivy Compton-Burnett, English author (b. 1884)
1969 – Erika Mann, German actress and author (b. 1905)
1971 – Bennett Cerf, American publisher, co-founded Random House (b. 1898)
1971 – Margaret Bourke-White, American photographer and journalist (b. 1906)
1975 – Haile Selassie, Ethiopian emperor (b. 1892)
1978 – Gordon Matta-Clark, American painter and illustrator (b. 1943)
1978 – Ieva Simonaitytė, Lithuanian author and poet (b. 1897)
1979 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, English admiral and politician, 44th Governor-General of India (b. 1900)
1980 – Douglas Kenney, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1947)
1981 – Valeri Kharlamov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1948)
1990 – Avdy Andresson, Estonian soldier and diplomat (b. 1899)
1990 – Stevie Ray Vaughan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1954)
1992 – Bengt Holbek, Danish folklorist (b. 1933)
1994 – Frank Jeske, German footballer (b. 1960)
1996 – Greg Morris, American actor (b. 1933)
1998 – Essie Summers, New Zealand author (b. 1912)
1999 – Hélder Câmara, Brazilian archbishop and theologian (b. 1909)
2001 – Michael Dertouzos, Greek-American computer scientist and academic (b. 1936)
2001 – Abu Ali Mustafa, Palestinian politician (b. 1938)
2002 – Edwin Louis Cole, American religious leader and author (b. 1922)
2003 – Pierre Poujade, French soldier and politician (b. 1920)
2004 – Willie Crawford, American baseball player (b. 1946)
2005 – Giorgos Mouzakis, Greek trumpet player and composer (b. 1922)
2005 – Seán Purcell, Irish footballer (b. 1929)
2006 – Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
2006 – Jesse Pintado, Mexican-American guitarist (b. 1969)
2007 – Emma Penella, Spanish actress (b. 1930)
2009 – Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian author and poet (b. 1913)
2010 – Anton Geesink, Dutch martial artist (b. 1934)
2010 – Luna Vachon, Canadian-American wrestler and manager (b. 1962)
2012 – Neville Alexander, South African linguist and activist (b. 1936)
2012 – Malcolm Browne, American journalist and photographer (b. 1931)
2012 – Art Heyman, American basketball player (b. 1941)
2012 – Ivica Horvat, Croatian footballer and manager (b. 1926)
2012 – Richard Kingsland, Australian captain and pilot (b. 1916)
2012 – Geliy Korzhev, Russian painter (b. 1925)
2013 – Chen Liting, Chinese director and playwright (b. 1910)
2013 – Bill Peach, Australian journalist (b. 1935)
2013 – Dave Thomas, Welsh golfer and architect (b. 1934)
2014 – Jacques Friedel, French physicist and academic (b. 1921)
2014 – Valeri Petrov, Bulgarian poet, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1920)
2014 – Benno Pludra, German author (b. 1925)
2015 – Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Bangladeshi politician, 8th Prime Minister of Bangladesh (b. 1939)
2015 – Pascal Chaumeil, French director and screenwriter (b. 1961)
2015 – Darryl Dawkins, American basketball player and coach (b. 1957)
2016 – Cookie, Australian Major Mitchell's cockatoo, oldest recorded parrot (b. 1933)
2024 – Bob Carr, American politician (b. 1943)
2024 – Juan Izquierdo, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1997)
2024 – Charlotte Kretschmann, German supercentenarian (b. 1909)
2024 – Leonard Riggio, American businessman (b. 1941) |
August 27 | Holidays and observances | Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Baculus of Sorrento
Caesarius of Arles
Decuman
Gebhard of Constance
Euthalia
John of Pavia
Lycerius (or: Glycerius, Lizier)
Máel Ruba (or Rufus) (Scotland)
Margaret the Barefooted
Monica of Hippo, mother of Augustine of Hippo
Narnus
Our Lady of La Vang
Phanourios of Rhodes
Rufus and Carpophorus
Syagrius of Autun
Thomas Gallaudet and Henry Winter Syle (Episcopal Church)
August 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Independence Day (Republic of Moldova), celebrates the independence of Moldova from the USSR in 1991.
Lyndon Baines Johnson Day (Texas, United States) |
August 27 | References | References |
August 27 | External links | External links
Category:Days of August |
August 27 | Table of Content | pp-move, Events, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Births, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Deaths, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Holidays and observances, References, External links |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Short description | upright=0.8|thumb|right|Ball-and-stick model of an alcohol molecule (). The red and white balls represent the hydroxyl group (). The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms.
In chemistry, an alcohol (), is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl () functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-loving) properties. The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | History | History
The flammable nature of the exhalations of wine was already known to ancient natural philosophers such as Aristotle (384–322 BCE), Theophrastus (–287 BCE), and Pliny the Elder (23/24–79 CE). vol. I, p. 137. However, this did not immediately lead to the isolation of alcohol, even despite the development of more advanced distillation techniques in second- and third-century Roman Egypt.. An important recognition, first found in one of the writings attributed to Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (ninth century CE), was that by adding salt to boiling wine, which increases the wine's relative volatility, the flammability of the resulting vapors may be enhanced. (same content also available on the author's website). The distillation of wine is attested in Arabic works attributed to al-Kindī (–873 CE) and to al-Fārābī (–950), and in the 28th book of al-Zahrāwī's (Latin: Abulcasis, 936–1013) Kitāb al-Taṣrīf (later translated into Latin as Liber servatoris). (same content also available on the author's website); cf. . Sometimes, sulfur was also added to the wine (see ). In the twelfth century, recipes for the production of aqua ardens ("burning water", i.e., alcohol) by distilling wine with salt started to appear in a number of Latin works, and by the end of the thirteenth century, it had become a widely known substance among Western European chemists. pp. 204–206.
The works of Taddeo Alderotti (1223–1296) describe a method for concentrating alcohol involving repeated fractional distillation through a water-cooled still, by which an alcohol purity of 90% could be obtained. pp. 51–52. The medicinal properties of ethanol were studied by Arnald of Villanova (1240–1311 CE) and John of Rupescissa (–1366), the latter of whom regarded it as a life-preserving substance able to prevent all diseases (the aqua vitae or "water of life", also called by John the quintessence of wine). pp. 69–71. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Nomenclature | Nomenclature |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Etymology | Etymology
The word "alcohol" derives from the Arabic kohl (), a powder used as an eyeliner. The first part of the word () is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English. The second part of the word () has several antecedents in Semitic languages, ultimately deriving from the Akkadian (), meaning stibnite or antimony.Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 61
Like its antecedents in Arabic and older languages, the term alcohol was originally used for the very fine powder produced by the sublimation of the natural mineral stibnite to form antimony trisulfide . It was considered to be the essence or "spirit" of this mineral. It was used as an antiseptic, eyeliner, and cosmetic. Later the meaning of alcohol was extended to distilled substances in general, and then narrowed again to ethanol, when "spirits" was a synonym for hard liquor.
Paracelsus and Libavius both used the term alcohol to denote a fine powder, the latter speaking of an alcohol derived from antimony. At the same time Paracelsus uses the word for a volatile liquid; alcool or alcool vini occurs often in his writings.
Bartholomew Traheron, in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo, introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" authors for "fine powder." Vigo wrote: "the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre."
The 1657 Lexicon Chymicum, by William Johnson glosses the word as "antimonium sive stibium." By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine," the distilled essence of wine. Libavius in Alchymia (1594) refers to "". Johnson (1657) glosses alcohol vini as "." The word's meaning became restricted to "spirit of wine" (the chemical known today as ethanol) in the 18th century and was extended to the class of substances so-called as "alcohols" in modern chemistry after 1850.
The term ethanol was invented in 1892, blending "ethane" with the "-ol" ending of "alcohol", which was generalized as a libfix.
The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks.
thumb
The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority. When a higher priority group is present in the compound, the prefix hydroxy- is used in its IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-IUPAC names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance is an alcohol. However, some compounds that contain hydroxyl functional groups have trivial names that do not include the suffix -ol or the prefix hydroxy-, e.g. the sugars glucose and sucrose. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Systematic names | Systematic names
IUPAC nomenclature is used in scientific publications, and in writings where precise identification of the substance is important. In naming simple alcohols, the name of the alkane chain loses the terminal e and adds the suffix -ol, e.g., as in "ethanol" from the alkane chain name "ethane". When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for , propan-2-ol for . If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid), then the prefix hydroxy-is used, e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2-propanone ().Organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature. Alcohols Rule C-201. Compounds having more than one hydroxy group are called polyols. They are named using suffixes -diol, -triol, etc., following a list of the position numbers of the hydroxyl groups, as in propane-1,2-diol for CH3CH(OH)CH2OH (propylene glycol).
+ Example alcohols and representations Structural formula Skeletal formula Preferred IUPAC name Other systematic names Common names Degree 100px propan-1-ol 1-propanol;n-propyl alcohol propanol primary 85px 60px propan-2-ol 2-propanol isopropyl alcohol;isopropanol secondary 110px 100px cyclohexanol secondary 100px 100px 2-methylpropan-1-ol 2-methyl-1-propanol isobutyl alcohol;isobutanol primary 100px 100px tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol;2-methyl-2-butanol TAA tertiary
In cases where the hydroxy group is bonded to an sp2 carbon on an aromatic ring, the molecule is classified separately as a phenol and is named using the IUPAC rules for naming phenols.Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Rule C-203: Phenols Phenols have distinct properties and are not classified as alcohols. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Common names | Common names
In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word "alcohol", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Propyl alcohol may be n-propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, depending on whether the hydroxyl group is bonded to the end or middle carbon on the straight propane chain. As described under systematic naming, if another group on the molecule takes priority, the alcohol moiety is often indicated using the "hydroxy-" prefix.
In archaic nomenclature, alcohols can be named as derivatives of methanol using "-carbinol" as the ending. For instance, can be named trimethylcarbinol. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Primary, secondary, and tertiary | Primary, secondary, and tertiary
Alcohols are then classified into primary, secondary (sec-, s-), and tertiary (tert-, t-), based upon the number of carbon atoms connected to the carbon atom that bears the hydroxyl functional group. The respective numeric shorthands 1°, 2°, and 3° are sometimes used in informal settings. The primary alcohols have general formulas . The simplest primary alcohol is methanol (), for which R = H, and the next is ethanol, for which , the methyl group. Secondary alcohols are those of the form RR'CHOH, the simplest of which is 2-propanol (). For the tertiary alcohols, the general form is RR'R"COH. The simplest example is tert-butanol (2-methylpropan-2-ol), for which each of R, R', and R" is . In these shorthands, R, R', and R" represent substituents, alkyl or other attached, generally organic groups. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Examples | Examples
Type Formula IUPAC Name Common nameMonohydricalcohols Methanol Wood alcohol Ethanol Alcohol, Rubbing alcohol Propan-2-ol Isopropyl alcohol,Rubbing alcohol Butan-1-ol Butanol,Butyl alcohol Pentan-1-ol Pentanol,Amyl alcohol Hexadecan-1-ol Cetyl alcoholPolyhydricalcohols(sugaralcohols) Ethane-1,2-diol Ethylene glycol Propane-1,2-diol Propylene glycol Propane-1,2,3-triol Glycerol Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol Erythritol,Threitol Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol Xylitol hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Mannitol,Sorbitol Heptane-1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptol VolemitolUnsaturatedaliphatic alcohols Prop-2-ene-1-ol Allyl alcohol 3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol Geraniol Prop-2-yn-1-ol Propargyl alcoholAlicyclic alcohols Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Inositol 5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol Menthol |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Applications | Applications
thumb|upright=0.9|Total recorded alcohol per capita consumption (15+) per year, in litres of pure ethanol
Alcohols have a long history of myriad uses. For simple mono-alcohols, which is the focus on this article, the following are most important industrial alcohols:.
methanol, mainly for the production of formaldehyde and as a fuel additive
ethanol, mainly for alcoholic beverages, fuel additive, solvent, and to sterilize hospital instruments.
1-propanol, 1-butanol, and isobutyl alcohol for use as a solvent and precursor to solvents
C6–C11 alcohols used for plasticizers, e.g. in polyvinylchloride
fatty alcohol (C12–C18), precursors to detergents
Methanol is the most common industrial alcohol, with about 12 million tons/y produced in 1980. The combined capacity of the other alcohols is about the same, distributed roughly equally. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Toxicity | Toxicity
With respect to acute toxicity, simple alcohols have low acute toxicities. Doses of several milliliters are tolerated. For pentanols, hexanols, octanols, and longer alcohols, LD50 range from 2–5 g/kg (rats, oral). Ethanol is less acutely toxic.Ethanol toxicity All alcohols are mild skin irritants.
Methanol and ethylene glycol are more toxic than other simple alcohols. Their metabolism is affected by the presence of ethanol, which has a higher affinity for liver alcohol dehydrogenase. In this way, methanol will be excreted intact in urine. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Physical properties | Physical properties
In general, the hydroxyl group makes alcohols polar. Those groups can form hydrogen bonds to one another and to most other compounds. Owing to the presence of the polar OH alcohols are more water-soluble than simple hydrocarbons. Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are miscible in water. 1-Butanol, with a four-carbon chain, is moderately soluble.
Because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols tend to have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and ethers. The boiling point of the alcohol ethanol is 78.29 °C, compared to 69 °C for the hydrocarbon hexane, and 34.6 °C for diethyl ether. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Occurrence in nature | Occurrence in nature
Alcohols occur widely in nature, as derivatives of glucose such as cellulose and hemicellulose, and in phenols and their derivatives such as lignin. Starting from biomass, 180 billion tons/y of complex carbohydrates (sugar polymers) are produced commercially (as of 2014). Many other alcohols are pervasive in organisms, as manifested in other sugars such as fructose and sucrose, in polyols such as glycerol, and in some amino acids such as serine. Simple alcohols like methanol, ethanol, and propanol occur in modest quantities in nature, and are industrially synthesized in large quantities for use as chemical precursors, fuels, and solvents. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Production | Production |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Hydroxylation | Hydroxylation
Many alcohols are produced by hydroxylation, i.e., the installation of a hydroxy group using oxygen or a related oxidant. Hydroxylation is the means by which the body processes many poisons, converting lipophilic compounds into hydrophilic derivatives that are more readily excreted. Enzymes called hydroxylases and oxidases facilitate these conversions.
Many industrial alcohols, such as cyclohexanol for the production of nylon, are produced by hydroxylation. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Ziegler and oxo processes | Ziegler and oxo processes
In the Ziegler process, linear alcohols are produced from ethylene and triethylaluminium followed by oxidation and hydrolysis. An idealized synthesis of 1-octanol is shown:
The process generates a range of alcohols that are separated by distillation.
Many higher alcohols are produced by hydroformylation of alkenes followed by hydrogenation. When applied to a terminal alkene, as is common, one typically obtains a linear alcohol:
Such processes give fatty alcohols, which are useful for detergents. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Hydration reactions | Hydration reactions
Some low molecular weight alcohols of industrial importance are produced by the addition of water to alkenes. Ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol are produced by this general method. Two implementations are employed, the direct and indirect methods. The direct method avoids the formation of stable intermediates, typically using acid catalysts. In the indirect method, the alkene is converted to the sulfate ester, which is subsequently hydrolyzed. The direct hydration uses ethylene (ethylene hydration) or other alkenes from cracking of fractions of distilled crude oil.
Hydration is also used industrially to produce the diol ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Fermentation | Fermentation
Ethanol is obtained by fermentation of glucose (which is often obtained from starch) in the presence of yeast. Carbon dioxide is cogenerated. Like ethanol, butanol can be produced by fermentation processes. Saccharomyces yeast are known to produce these higher alcohols at temperatures above . The bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum can feed on cellulose (also an alcohol) to produce butanol on an industrial scale. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Substitution | Substitution
Primary alkyl halides react with aqueous NaOH or KOH to give alcohols in nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Secondary and especially tertiary alkyl halides will give the elimination (alkene) product instead. Grignard reagents react with carbonyl groups to give secondary and tertiary alcohols. Related reactions are the Barbier reaction and the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction. |
Alcohol (chemistry) | Reduction | Reduction
Aldehydes or ketones are reduced with sodium borohydride or lithium aluminium hydride (after an acidic workup). Another reduction using aluminium isopropoxide is the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction. Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation is the asymmetric reduction of β-keto-esters. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.