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Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 May 2 | [[Template:Wakadaisho series]] | Template:Wakadaisho series
Only two films with articles. WP:NENAN --woodensuperman 10:38, 2 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 May 2 | [[Template:Toronto Marlies head coaches]] | Template:Toronto Marlies head coaches
Longstanding consensus at WP:NHL is not to have head coach navboxes. – sbaio 07:56, 2 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 May 2 | Multi-level editwar warning templates | Multi-level editwar warning templates
Edit warring doesn't fit the multi-warning model. See discussion on talk page. Dan Bloch (talk) 04:43, 2 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 May 2 | [[Template:Russo–German conflicts]] | Template:Russo–German conflicts
Double with Template:Campaignbox Russo–German conflicts made by the same user a day earlier The Banner talk 01:34, 2 May 2025 (UTC)
I support the erase of one over the other (the most complete), although not the erase of a Russo-German conflicts template, as those are relevant for the history of eastern europe (specially baltic-poland region) Sr L (talk) 05:32, 2 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 May 2 | Table of Content | <noinclude><div class="boilerplate metadata vfd" style="background-color: #F3F9FF; padding: 0 0.2em; border: 1px solid #AAA; font-size: 85%; display: flex; font-weight: bold; flex-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box">
<div class="nowrap" style="padding-right: 0.5em"><span style="color: #727272"><</span> [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 May 1, [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 May 2, [[Template:Wakadaisho series]], [[Template:Toronto Marlies head coaches]], Multi-level editwar warning templates, [[Template:Russo–German conflicts]] |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kayla Jean Carter | [[:Kayla Jean Carter]] | :Kayla Jean Carter
– (View AfDView log | edits since nomination)
()
Fails WP:BIO. No significant sources to speak of. She didn't even win the Miss Charm Philippines beauty pageant, a title of very recent and somewhat dubious(?) existence. She was appointed when the titleholder withdrew. Clarityfiend (talk) 23:02, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Women, Beauty pageants, Philippines, and United States of America. Shellwood (talk) 23:13, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Television and California. WCQuidditch ☎ ✎ 02:48, 2 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kayla Jean Carter | Table of Content | [[:Kayla Jean Carter]] |
Draft:Ask JADA | AfC submission | Ask JADA is an AI phone system developed by MomentPort Inc. that automates customer service, fraud prevention, and data analytics for businesses. The system operates through both phone calls and text messaging, utilizing natural language processing capabilities to handle business communications. |
Draft:Ask JADA | Development and Background | Development and Background
Ask JADA was developed by MomentPort Inc., which began as a custom software development company based in Vancouver, BC. According to company statements, Ask JADA was specifically designed to address common issues in customer service environments, including long wait times, misinformation, and inconsistent service quality from human staff. The system processes and learns from multiple data sources including employee documentation, marketing materials, previous phone calls, and emails through a proprietary parsing engine. |
Draft:Ask JADA | Versions | Versions
VersionRelease dateStatusBusiness Beta V1.0 Business Beta V2.0 |
Draft:Ask JADA | V1 Beta | V1 Beta
The initial version of Ask JADA provided AI-powered phone and text communication services for businesses, with capabilities for answering customer inquiries and performing various business functions. |
Draft:Ask JADA | V2 Beta | V2 Beta
In January 2025, MomentPort Inc. announced significant performance improvements with the V2 Beta release. The update achieved an 83% decrease in average voice call processing time, reducing latency from 2700 milliseconds to 446 milliseconds. This improvement was attributed to several technical enhancements:
Implementation of simultaneous multi-processing that allows JADA to query multiple sources and execute multiple functions concurrently
Redesigned voice streaming architecture that sends audio in smaller chunks
Improved memory architecture that evaluates information relevance in parallel rather than sequentially
These changes not only reduced processing times but also improved overall system accuracy by enabling JADA to process a broader range of data when making decisions. |
Draft:Ask JADA | Features | Features
Ask JADA offers several core modules to support business communication needs: |
Draft:Ask JADA | JADA SMS | JADA SMS
JADA SMS allows customers to communicate with businesses via text messaging in natural language. This feature enables customers to ask questions and make requests through what the company describes as "the most popular form of communication."
The SMS feature supports Rich Communication Services (RCS), enabling communication over Wi-Fi when cellular coverage is unavailable. According to company materials, the feature is designed to accommodate shifting communication preferences, particularly for customers who prefer texting over voice calls or those with conditions affecting speech or communication.
JADA SMS also offers multilingual capabilities, supporting communication in over 80 languages including English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin. |
Draft:Ask JADA | JADA Connect | JADA Connect
JADA Connect provides integration capabilities with third-party services and systems, allowing the AI to perform automated tasks such as printing receipts, controlling building automation, scheduling, and processing payments.
Specific integrations include:
Star Micronics' CloudPRNT architecture for order printing
YoLink's public API for building automation functions such as predicting wait times based on occupancy or unlocking doors
Stripe's API for payment processing and sending secure payment links
The system also supports custom integrations with POS systems, CRM platforms, and internal databases. |
Draft:Ask JADA | JADA Analysis | JADA Analysis
JADA Analysis provides data analytics capabilities, allowing businesses to summarize and analyze customer communications to improve customer satisfaction and business intelligence.
The analysis features include:
Summarizing and analyzing customer interactions
Extracting insights from phone calls and text messages
Converting communication data into actionable intelligence to optimize products, enhance customer experiences, and increase sales |
Draft:Ask JADA | JADA Protect | JADA Protect
JADA Protect is described as "the first-ever anti-malware suite designed specifically for phone systems." Security features include:
DDoS protection
SPAM filtering
AI data validation
Password-protected lines |
Draft:Ask JADA | JADA Memory | JADA Memory
JADA Memory enables the system to remember customer preferences, interests, and opinions. This long-term memory feature allows JADA to build connections with customers by applying learned knowledge to create personalized experiences. |
Draft:Ask JADA | Automated Training Process | Automated Training Process
Ask JADA utilizes an automated data acquisition framework that harvests information from multiple sources including public interviews, customer reviews, online resources, and recorded voice interactions with company staff and customers. The system analyzes these conversations to identify correct and incorrect response patterns, building a comprehensive knowledge framework without requiring technical expertise from client organizations.
Post-deployment, the system continues to refine its knowledge base through its proprietary "JADA Memory" technology, which enables iterative learning from each new interaction. This self-improvement cycle progressively enhances accuracy and response consistency without requiring manual intervention or retraining. |
Draft:Ask JADA | References | References |
Draft:Ask JADA | External links | External links
Category learning
Category language models
Category
Category assistants |
Draft:Ask JADA | Table of Content | AfC submission, Development and Background, Versions, V1 Beta, V2 Beta, Features, JADA SMS, JADA Connect, JADA Analysis, JADA Protect, JADA Memory, Automated Training Process, References, External links |
Tim Keenan III | Infobox college football player
| Tim Keenan III is an American football defensive tackle for the Alabama Crimson Tide. |
Tim Keenan III | Early life | Early life
Keenan II attended Ramsay High School in Birmingham, Alabama. He committed to the University of Alabama to play college football.In-state defensive lineman Tim Keenan commits to Alabama‘He rules the middle of the field:’ Ramsay NG Tim Keenan signs with Tide |
Tim Keenan III | College career | College career
Keenan II redshirted his first year at Alabama in 2021 and played in two games in 2022.Alabama football DL Tim Keenan reveals the former teammate who taught him the most As a redshirt sophomore in 2023, he played in 14 games and had 38 tackles and one sack.Inside Tim Keenan III's Perspective Shift that Transformed Him into an Alabama Starter As a redshirt junior in 2024, he started 12 of 13 games and recorded 40 tackles and 2.5 sacks.Defensive leader staying with Alabama football for 2025Another Alabama football defensive line starter announces return for 2025 season Keenan II returned to Alabama for his senior year in 2025.Tim Keenan III has plans to build Alabama football DL chemistry. It starts with barbecue |
Tim Keenan III | References | References |
Tim Keenan III | External links | External links
Alabama Crimson Tide bio
Category:Living people
Category:Players of American football from Birmingham, Alabama
Category:American football defensive tackles
Category:Alabama Crimson Tide football players |
Tim Keenan III | Table of Content | Infobox college football player
, Early life, College career, References, External links |
The Arsonist (Sodom album) | Infobox album
| The Arsonist is the upcoming seventeenth studio album by German thrash metal band Sodom, to be released on 27 June 2025. |
The Arsonist (Sodom album) | Track listing | Track listing |
The Arsonist (Sodom album) | Personnel | Personnel |
The Arsonist (Sodom album) | Sodom | Sodom
Tom Angelripper – bass, vocals
Frank Blackfire – lead guitar
Yorck Segatz – rhythm guitar
Toni Merkel – drums |
The Arsonist (Sodom album) | References | References
Category:2025 albums
Category:Sodom (band) albums
Category:Upcoming albums |
The Arsonist (Sodom album) | Table of Content | Infobox album
, Track listing, Personnel, Sodom, References |
Category:Shanghai Diamond League | [[Category:Diamond League]] | Category:Diamond League
Category:IAAF Grand Prix
Category:Sports competitions in Shanghai
Category:Xuhui District |
Category:Shanghai Diamond League | Table of Content | [[Category:Diamond League]] |
Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of Starship aren't meant to fly | Sockpuppet category | |
Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of Starship aren't meant to fly | Table of Content | Sockpuppet category |
Suvo Grlo, Demir Hisar | Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
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| Suvo Grlo (Macedonian Cyrillic: Суво Грло) is a village in the municipality of Demir Hisar, North Macedonia. |
Suvo Grlo, Demir Hisar | Demographics | Demographics
In the 1467/1468 defter the village had 13 households, 1 bachelor and 1 widow. The household heads almost entirely bore Slavic names, with one case of an Albanian name.
In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Suvo Grlo was inhabited by 55 Christian Bulgarians.Vasil Kanchov (1900). Macedonia: Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia. p. 236.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 8 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:Macedonian Census (2002), Book 5 - Total population according to the Ethnic Affiliation, Mother Tongue and Religion, The State Statistical Office, Skopje, 2002, p. 93.
Macedonians 8 |
Suvo Grlo, Demir Hisar | References | References
Category:Villages in Demir Hisar Municipality |
Suvo Grlo, Demir Hisar | Table of Content | Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
, Demographics, References |
Template:User Digimon/Digimon Adventure | userbox
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Template:User Digimon/Digimon Adventure | Table of Content | userbox
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Template:User Digimon/Digimon Adventure 02 | userbox
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Template:User Digimon/Digimon Adventure 02 | Table of Content | userbox
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Template:Did you know nominations/Jim Lankas | DYKsubpage
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Template:Did you know nominations/Jim Lankas | Table of Content | DYKsubpage
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Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Rough translation | The Republic of Georgia, was the governmental entity that under the presidency of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, ruled the Georgian SSR from 1990 up to the on April 9, 1991, and from then on, it ruled Independent Georgia, up to January 1992, which is when it went through a coup d'état by pro-Soviet generals, which dissolved the government and replaced it with a Military Council.
In the USSR, Georgia was ruled by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia (). This council ended up with the majority in its elections being given to Round Table—Free Georgia. That was the first time in any union republic, where a non-Communist party achieved a majority in their republic's Supreme Soviet. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Background | Background
Georgia's modern history begins with the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918. This state was established during the Russian Civil War, and drafted its own constitution on 21 February 1921, which was the first fundamental law to be made in the history of Georgia. However, from 12 February–17 March 1921, the DRG entered into a war with the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which the DRG lost, and thus, it's government was toppled to make way for the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
On 30 December 1922, Georgia joined the Soviet Union, becoming a federal subject of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (TSFSR); a founding republic of the Soviet Union. But, from 28 August–5 September 1924, the Georgians rebelled in the August Uprising. The insurrection failed, and the TSFSR remained part of the USSR. On 5 December 1936, the TSFSR was split into its constituent states again: Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.Закавказская федерация . Большая советская энциклопедия, 3-е изд., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. Москва: Советская энциклопедия, 1972. Т. 9 ()
Following that, the Soviet Union began pursue a program of suppressing Georgian nationalism. Several Georgian territories were given to the SSRs of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia and neighboring Turkey. Adjara was turned into Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic due to being predominantly Muslim at the time, and due to the Treaty of Kars, of which saw Turkey settle borders with Transcaucasian states. That treaty also ceded Adjara to Georgia, however under the condition that Adjara was to be given autonomy.English Translation of Treaty of Friendship between Turkey, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia, the Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic, and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia , Armenian News Network / Groong. South Ossetia was given an autonomous oblast, on ethnic grounds due to loyalty in the Soviet invasion of Georgia.
Abkhazia was declared to be its own SSR due to the ethnic group of majority (the Abkhaz), had acquired the desire of self-determination, due to the Georgian Mensheviks acquiring the belief of chauvinism.
Georgian anti-nationalism became more pronounced after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. As Stalin was ethnically Georgian, his successor Nikita Khrushchev played an active role in reducing Georgian nationalist movements during the period of de-Stalinization. The emergence of a pro-independence party can be seen in the March 1956 demonstrations in the Georgian SSR, of which at first started as a response to the de-Stalinization policies Nikita was implementing, and eventually demands for change of the government of the USSR, and independence of Georgia from the USSR started appearing,Nahaylo, Bohdan; Swoboda, Victor (1990), Soviet disunion: a history of the nationalities problem in the USSR, p. 120. Free Press, and finally ended in tragedy with a police raid killing 22 people and injuring 47. This turning point in Georgia's Soviet history also saw the development of dissident movements in certain cultural circles, mainly in the 1960s. Among the most famous dissidents were musician Merab Kostava, writer Zviad Gamsakhurdia and others. Georgian nationalism was also victorious during the April 1978 demonstrations to protect the unique status of the Georgian language within the republic, demonstrations which nonetheless alienated the non-Georgian ethnic groups living on the country's territory, notably the Abkhazians and Ossetians.
With the policy of liberalization that began in the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1980s, Georgians faced a number of major challenges in terms of relations between Tbilisi and the autonomous regions dependent on it. The situation became tense, and a political class began to assert that ethnic tensions had been created at Moscow's instigation. Protests multiplied and a large part of the population demanded separation from the Union. In a final attempt to regain control over the situation, the Soviet army once again brutally repressed demonstrators in Tbilisi on April 9, 1989, a date symbolizing the definitive change in Georgia's political orientation towards the Soviet world. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | History | History
thumb|Map of the proposed Paris Peace Conference borders of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, and what became part of other countries |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Formation | Formation
The tragedy of Tbilisi marked the beginning of the end of Soviet rule in Georgia. Not only was the Georgian population massively dissatisfied with the events, but the Communist political class itself soon began to take steps towards eventual separation from Moscow. On 9 March 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR adopted a series of anti-Soviet resolutions: the proclamation of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic by the Georgian Revcom of 25 February 1921 was condemned as an intervention and occupation of Georgia by the RSFSR, the Union Agreement of March 12, 1922 establishing the TSFSR was deemed invalid, and the Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of 30 December 1922 was also declared illegal, and finally, the Supreme Soviet pledged to “protect the state sovereignty of Georgia”.
thumb|Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Merab Kostava
Parallel to these events, dissident and nationalist movements came together to form a political organization. In March 1990, a national forum bringing together a large number of political parties officially banned by the Soviet authorities was convened, and succeeded in convincing the Supreme Soviet to postpone the parliamentary elections of 25 March until later in the year. After much debate on the country's political future, this national forum split into several ideological fractions, however Round Table—Free Georgia, led by Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Merab Kostava and Akaki Assatiani, managed to distinguish itself from the others. Soon, the Supreme Soviet decided to grant the opposition multi-party elections for October, the first democratic elections in the Soviet world.
On 28 October 1990, parliamentary elections were held freely; however just 2 months beforehand, Georgia banned parties that operated in one specific part of the country. Almost 70% of the electorate took part in the vote, choosing between no fewer than 3,400 candidates for 250 deputy seats. The vast majority of the population voted for the Round Table—Free Georgia, which received 155 seats on the Supreme Soviet (whose name was changed to the Supreme Council), compared with just 64 mandates for the Communist Party. The People's Front received 12 seats, the Democratic Georgia bloc received 4, and finally, the Liberation and Economic Revival bloc, and the All-Georgian Rustaveli Society only received 1 seat.
The newly elected Supreme Council met for the first time on November 14, 1990, in a session highly anticipated throughout the nation and blessed by the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II.https://una.ge/files/files/Freedom of Religion in Georgia - 30 Years ENG_GEO.pdf
Page 7 The Council immediately passed a number of important resolutions for the fate of the country, including the replacement of Soviet emblems with those of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, those being, the flag, coat of arms, and national anthem, and elected Zviad Gamsakhurdia, leader of Round Table—Free Georgia, as Chairman of the Supreme Council and, consequently, the country's Head of State. The very first law passed by the Supreme Council concerns the country's name, changing it from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic to the Republic of Georgia. The second law approved declares a national transition period of indefinite duration for Georgia, intended to prepare the nation for the restoration of state sovereignty. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | End of Soviet Rule | End of Soviet Rule
The transition period proclaimed by the new government soon met with great success among all the country's political waves. Even the Georgian Communist Party declared its separation from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 8 December 1990, thus breaking all political ties between Georgia and Moscow.საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის უზენაესი საბჭოს უწყებები № 11, December 8 1990 (in English: Announcements of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Georgia]
ISBN 0203-2023 The center opposed these moves towards independence and tried to put pressure on the nationalist government. Mikhail Gorbachev went so far as to threaten Georgia with serious territorial and economic problems if it decided to leave the “brotherly union”, and warned Tbilisi about Soviet involvement in possible conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
thumb|Act of Independence of Georgia - 1918
Despite this, the Georgian government continued its policy of national transition. The Supreme Council actively began to abolish Soviet institutions in the country, replacing them with democratic national bodies. On 20 December 1990, the National Guard of Georgia was formed. On 29 January 1991, the system of local Soviets was abolished throughout Georgia, cancelling their full powers, before the Gamsakhurdia administration undertook to disintegrate the collective farms. Capitalism was introduced in the region following the privatization of many small businesses, while the market became free and private banks appeared; the number of independent newspapers and media multiplied.
The next stage of the transitional period turned into a "war of laws" against the Kremlin. The Supreme Council revoked federal laws that ran counter to Georgian sovereignty. Soviet military service was abolished. On 30 April 1991, nationwide local elections were held to end the vacancy in local government that had arisen following the dissolution of the local soviets. The Georgian constitution is also amended, and democratic additions leading the country towards independence are added. Each of these laws was simultaneously annulled by Moscow.
In a bid to save the state of the Soviet Union, the central government decided to hold a referendum on federalising the union, and changing the name to “Union of Sovereign Soviet Republics”. Georgia, along with several other Soviet republics, refused to take part in the referendum, scheduled for 17 March 1991. It instead decided to organise a referendum for independence itself on 31 March. The question was "Do you support the restoration of the independence of Georgia in accordance with the Act of Declaration of Independence of Georgia of 26 May 1918?" Over 3,300,000 citizens took part in the elections, and no less than 99% gave a positive answer to the question. South Ossetia and Abkhazia did not take part in the ballot because of ethnic conflicts, and took part in the Soviet referendum of 17 March instead.
As a result, the Georgian administration at the time was confident that the people would regain the independence they had lost in 1921. Based on the results of the referendum, the Supreme Council voted unanimously on 9 April 1991, to enact the , definitively separating Georgia from the USSR. Less than a week later, on April 14, the Supreme Council elected Zviad Gamsakhurdia, former Soviet dissident and head of the Supreme Council, as interim President on the same day, as President of Georgia, and Akaki Asatiani became chairman of the council, with a new government being formed. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Independent Georgia | Independent Georgia
On 26 May, Georgia held its first elections, and Zviad Gamsakhurdia was confirmed as head of state with ~86% of the vote. However, the nationalist government of the first President of the Republic of Georgia soon turned increasingly authoritarian, with human rights abused directed at the South Ossetians. What's more, his administration had to contend with a terrible national economic crisis that stemmed from the USSR's economic crisis, which affected Mikhail Gorbachev's government. For all these reasons, strong opposition arose in the early months of the Republic, and on August 19, Prime Minister Tenguiz Sigoua resigned from his post, which he had held since November 15, 1990. On August 23, the National Guard was disarmed and its commander Tengiz Kitovani joined the opposition, this time creating an armed front of protesters, who took refuge in the suburbs of Tbilisi, before attempting to organize a coup d'état.
Demonstrations took place in Tbilisi on 2 September, while at the same time, the situation was deteriorating in South Ossetia, which had been at war with the central government in Tbilisi since 5 January. On 21 December, the former Autonomous Oblast, of which had already declared itself to be the "South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic" declared its independence from Georgia, and a constitution was adopted. The opposition was inflamed by this new defeat, and on 22 December, Kitovani's armies returned to the Georgian capital, aided by Soviet troops. He joined forces with the leader of the paramilitary militia, Djaba Iosseliani, and began to lay siege to the Parliament where Gamsakhurdia had taken refuge with his last loyalists. Meanwhile, Georgia had managed to gain de facto recognition from the international community following the official dissolution of the USSR on 26 December. For two weeks, fighting raged in the Georgian capital, and on 6 January, 1992, the rebels destroyed and captured Parliament, forcing Zviad Gamsakhurdia to leave Tbilisi, and flee to Armenia and, afterwards, Chechnya, to form a government-in-exile. The Constitution was suspended, the Republic abolished and a Military Council proclaimed. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Ethnic conflicts | Ethnic conflicts
As the Georgian population prepared for Georgia's exit from the Soviet Union, the autonomous regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia came into open conflict with Tbilisi over their status within the republic. These events were linked to a number of factors, including Zviad Gamsakhurdia's hostile policy towards the Ossetians, whom he called “ungrateful guests”, and to a certain extent, Moscow's interests in the region. Hostilities between Tbilisi and Tskhinvali thus began at the start of Gamsakhurdia's presidency in 1990.
Hostilities began on the legislative front. Already during the Soviet period, the status of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was a controversial issue. In a tense and violent situation, the regional Supreme Soviet repeatedly voted to change the region's status to that of an Autonomous Republic or even a Soviet Democratic Republic, decisions overturned each time by Tbilisi. Once in power, the newly elected Georgian government in turn annulled a South Ossetian resolution making the Autonomous Oblast a sovereign republic, deeming it illegal on 22 November 1990. Tbilisi went a step further, annulling South Ossetia's autonomy and incorporating it into Shida Kartli on December 11, although the Kremlin ordered Georgia to give back the region's autonomy on 7 January 1991, but to no avail.
Tensions between the two parties escalated into armed combat. and, eventually, Tbilisi decided to take a direct part in the conflict by sending 3,000 National Guard soldiers into Tskhinvali on January 5, 1991.Newspaper "Republic of Georgia", N5, 9 January 1991 (in Georgian) After several days of street fighting, the city was divided into western (Ossetian) and eastern (Georgian) parts, and around January 25, the Georgians withdrew from the regional capital and settled on the heights surrounding the city. However, the economic blockade of South Ossetia was kept in place. Despite a ceasefire brokered by Russia, the conflict remained unresolved when, on January 29, Georgian police arrested Torez Kulumbegov, President of the Supreme Soviet, who was taking part in negotiations in Tbilisi.
This situation persisted for several months, while Zviad Gamsakhurdia's government tried to ally itself with Boris Yeltsin's Russia in the conflict. On March 23, 1991, Gamsakhurdia and Yeltsin met in Kazbegi, and agreed to push for withdrawal of Soviet troops from South Ossetia, and make a joint Russo-Georgian peacekeeping operation to restore peace to the region. According to official South Ossetian sources, a total of 117 villages and hamlets were destroyed during the war, a figure that probably includes both Ossetian and Georgian communities. Approximately 1,000 people died, 100 people were missing, and ~100,000 people fled from South Ossetia.
Meanwhile, in north-west Georgia, Abkhazia also became engulfed in separatist conflict. The difference between South Ossetia and Abkhazia, however, lies in the status of the two regions. South Ossetia's autonomy was dissolved after it had declared its independence from Georgia. On the contrary, Zviad Gamsakhurdia agreed on an agreement with Abkhazia to make a wide over-representation for the Abkhazians; despite being only 17.8% of the population, they had 28 seats reserved for them in the Supreme Council, the largest out of any ethnic group, including the Georgians themselves. On 17 March 1991, he got Abkhazia to take part in Soviet referendum of 1991, and even went so far as to support the hard-line instigators of the USSR Communist Party during the August Coup of 1991. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Legacy | Legacy |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Notes and references | Notes and references |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on South Korea | Table of Content | Rough translation, Background, History, Formation, End of Soviet Rule, Independent Georgia, Ethnic conflicts, Legacy, Notes and references |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | Rough translation | The Republic of Georgia, was the governmental entity that under the presidency of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, ruled the Georgian SSR from 1990 up to the on April 9, 1991, and from then on, it ruled Independent Georgia, up to January 1992, which is when it went through a coup d'état by pro-Soviet generals, which dissolved the government and replaced it with a Military Council.
In the USSR, Georgia was ruled by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia (). This council ended up with the majority in its elections being given to Round Table—Free Georgia. That was the first time in any union republic, where a non-Communist party achieved a majority in their republic's Supreme Soviet. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | History | History
thumb|Map of the proposed Paris Peace Conference borders of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, and what became part of other countries |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | Formation | Formation
The tragedy of Tbilisi marked the beginning of the end of Soviet rule in Georgia. Not only was the Georgian population massively dissatisfied with the events, but the Communist political class itself soon began to take steps towards eventual separation from Moscow. On 9 March 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR adopted a series of anti-Soviet resolutions: the proclamation of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic by the Georgian Revcom of 25 February 1921 was condemned as an intervention and occupation of Georgia by the RSFSR, the Union Agreement of March 12, 1922 establishing the TSFSR was deemed invalid, and the Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of 30 December 1922 was also declared illegal, and finally, the Supreme Soviet pledged to “protect the state sovereignty of Georgia”.
thumb|Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Merab Kostava
Parallel to these events, dissident and nationalist movements came together to form a political organization. In March 1990, a national forum bringing together a large number of political parties officially banned by the Soviet authorities was convened, and succeeded in convincing the Supreme Soviet to postpone the parliamentary elections of 25 March until later in the year. After much debate on the country's political future, this national forum split into several ideological fractions, however Round Table—Free Georgia, led by Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Merab Kostava and Akaki Assatiani, managed to distinguish itself from the others. Soon, the Supreme Soviet decided to grant the opposition multi-party elections for October, the first democratic elections in the Soviet world.
On 28 October 1990, parliamentary elections were held freely; however just 2 months beforehand, Georgia banned parties that operated in one specific part of the country. Almost 70% of the electorate took part in the vote, choosing between no fewer than 3,400 candidates for 250 deputy seats. The vast majority of the population voted for the Round Table—Free Georgia, which received 155 seats on the Supreme Soviet (whose name was changed to the Supreme Council), compared with just 64 mandates for the Communist Party. The People's Front received 12 seats, the Democratic Georgia bloc received 4, and finally, the Liberation and Economic Revival bloc, and the All-Georgian Rustaveli Society only received 1 seat.
The newly elected Supreme Council met for the first time on November 14, 1990, in a session highly anticipated throughout the nation and blessed by the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II.https://una.ge/files/files/Freedom of Religion in Georgia - 30 Years ENG_GEO.pdf
Page 7 The Council immediately passed a number of important resolutions for the fate of the country, including the replacement of Soviet emblems with those of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, those being, the flag, coat of arms, and national anthem, and elected Zviad Gamsakhurdia, leader of Round Table—Free Georgia, as Chairman of the Supreme Council and, consequently, the country's Head of State. The very first law passed by the Supreme Council concerns the country's name, changing it from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic to the Republic of Georgia. The second law approved declares a national transition period of indefinite duration for Georgia, intended to prepare the nation for the restoration of state sovereignty. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | End of Soviet Rule | End of Soviet Rule
The transition period proclaimed by the new government soon met with great success among all the country's political waves. Even the Georgian Communist Party declared its separation from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 8 December 1990, thus breaking all political ties between Georgia and Moscow.საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის უზენაესი საბჭოს უწყებები № 11, December 8 1990 (in English: Announcements of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Georgia]
ISBN 0203-2023 The center opposed these moves towards independence and tried to put pressure on the nationalist government. Mikhail Gorbachev went so far as to threaten Georgia with serious territorial and economic problems if it decided to leave the “brotherly union”, and warned Tbilisi about Soviet involvement in possible conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
thumb|Act of Independence of Georgia - 1918
Despite this, the Georgian government continued its policy of national transition. The Supreme Council actively began to abolish Soviet institutions in the country, replacing them with democratic national bodies. On 20 December 1990, the National Guard of Georgia was formed. On 29 January 1991, the system of local Soviets was abolished throughout Georgia, cancelling their full powers, before the Gamsakhurdia administration undertook to disintegrate the collective farms. Capitalism was introduced in the region following the privatization of many small businesses, while the market became free and private banks appeared; the number of independent newspapers and media multiplied.
The next stage of the transitional period turned into a "war of laws" against the Kremlin. The Supreme Council revoked federal laws that ran counter to Georgian sovereignty. Soviet military service was abolished. On 30 April 1991, nationwide local elections were held to end the vacancy in local government that had arisen following the dissolution of the local soviets. The Georgian constitution is also amended, and democratic additions leading the country towards independence are added. Each of these laws was simultaneously annulled by Moscow.
In a bid to save the state of the Soviet Union, the central government decided to hold a referendum on federalising the union, and changing the name to “Union of Sovereign Soviet Republics”. Georgia, along with several other Soviet republics, refused to take part in the referendum, scheduled for 17 March 1991. It instead decided to organise a referendum for independence itself on 31 March. The question was "Do you support the restoration of the independence of Georgia in accordance with the Act of Declaration of Independence of Georgia of 26 May 1918?" Over 3,300,000 citizens took part in the elections, and no less than 99% gave a positive answer to the question. South Ossetia and Abkhazia did not take part in the ballot because of ethnic conflicts, and took part in the Soviet referendum of 17 March instead.
As a result, the Georgian administration at the time was confident that the people would regain the independence they had lost in 1921. Based on the results of the referendum, the Supreme Council voted unanimously on 9 April 1991, to enact the , definitively separating Georgia from the USSR. Less than a week later, on April 14, the Supreme Council elected Zviad Gamsakhurdia, former Soviet dissident and head of the Supreme Council, as interim President on the same day, as President of Georgia, and Akaki Asatiani became chairman of the council, with a new government being formed. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | Independent Georgia | Independent Georgia
On 26 May, Georgia held its first elections, and Zviad Gamsakhurdia was confirmed as head of state with ~86% of the vote. However, the nationalist government of the first President of the Republic of Georgia soon turned increasingly authoritarian, with human rights abused directed at the South Ossetians. What's more, his administration had to contend with a terrible national economic crisis that stemmed from the USSR's economic crisis, which affected Mikhail Gorbachev's government. For all these reasons, strong opposition arose in the early months of the Republic, and on August 19, Prime Minister Tenguiz Sigoua resigned from his post, which he had held since November 15, 1990. On August 23, the National Guard was disarmed and its commander Tengiz Kitovani joined the opposition, this time creating an armed front of protesters, who took refuge in the suburbs of Tbilisi, before attempting to organize a coup d'état.
Demonstrations took place in Tbilisi on 2 September, while at the same time, the situation was deteriorating in South Ossetia, which had been at war with the central government in Tbilisi since 5 January. On 21 December, the former Autonomous Oblast, of which had already declared itself to be the "South Ossetian Soviet Democratic Republic" declared its independence from Georgia, and a constitution was adopted. The opposition was inflamed by this new defeat, and on 22 December, Kitovani's armies returned to the Georgian capital, aided by Soviet troops. He joined forces with the leader of the paramilitary militia, Djaba Iosseliani, and began to lay siege to the Parliament where Gamsakhurdia had taken refuge with his last loyalists. Meanwhile, Georgia had managed to gain de facto recognition from the international community following the official dissolution of the USSR on 26 December. For two weeks, fighting raged in the Georgian capital, and on 6 January, 1992, the rebels destroyed and captured Parliament, forcing Zviad Gamsakhurdia to leave Tbilisi, and flee to Armenia and, afterwards, Chechnya, to form a government-in-exile. The Constitution was suspended, the Republic abolished and a Military Council proclaimed. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | Ethnic conflicts | Ethnic conflicts
As the Georgian population prepared for Georgia's exit from the Soviet Union, the autonomous regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia came into open conflict with Tbilisi over their status within the republic. These events were linked to a number of factors, including Zviad Gamsakhurdia's hostile policy towards the Ossetians, whom he called “ungrateful guests”, and to a certain extent, Moscow's interests in the region. Hostilities between Tbilisi and Tskhinvali thus began at the start of Gamsakhurdia's presidency in 1990.
Hostilities began on the legislative front. Already during the Soviet period, the status of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was a controversial issue. In a tense and violent situation, the regional Supreme Soviet repeatedly voted to change the region's status to that of an Autonomous Republic or even a Soviet Democratic Republic, decisions overturned each time by Tbilisi. Once in power, the newly elected Georgian government in turn annulled a South Ossetian resolution making the Autonomous Oblast a sovereign republic, deeming it illegal on 22 November 1990. Tbilisi went a step further, annulling South Ossetia's autonomy and incorporating it into Shida Kartli on December 11, although the Kremlin ordered Georgia to give back the region's autonomy on 7 January 1991, but to no avail.
Tensions between the two parties escalated into armed combat. and, eventually, Tbilisi decided to take a direct part in the conflict by sending 3,000 National Guard soldiers into Tskhinvali on January 5, 1991.Newspaper "Republic of Georgia", N5, 9 January 1991 (in Georgian) After several days of street fighting, the city was divided into western (Ossetian) and eastern (Georgian) parts, and around January 25, the Georgians withdrew from the regional capital and settled on the heights surrounding the city. However, the economic blockade of South Ossetia was kept in place. Despite a ceasefire brokered by Russia, the conflict remained unresolved when, on January 29, Georgian police arrested Torez Kulumbegov, President of the Supreme Soviet, who was taking part in negotiations in Tbilisi.
This situation persisted for several months, while Zviad Gamsakhurdia's government tried to ally itself with Boris Yeltsin's Russia in the conflict. On March 23, 1991, Gamsakhurdia and Yeltsin met in Kazbegi, and agreed to push for withdrawal of Soviet troops from South Ossetia, and make a joint Russo-Georgian peacekeeping operation to restore peace to the region. According to official South Ossetian sources, a total of 117 villages and hamlets were destroyed during the war, a figure that probably includes both Ossetian and Georgian communities. Approximately 1,000 people died, 100 people were missing, and ~100,000 people fled from South Ossetia.
Meanwhile, in north-west Georgia, Abkhazia also became engulfed in separatist conflict. The difference between South Ossetia and Abkhazia, however, lies in the status of the two regions. South Ossetia's autonomy was dissolved after it had declared its independence from Georgia. On the contrary, Zviad Gamsakhurdia agreed on an agreement with Abkhazia to make a wide over-representation for the Abkhazians; despite being only 17.8% of the population, they had 28 seats reserved for them in the Supreme Council, the largest out of any ethnic group, including the Georgians themselves. On 17 March 1991, he got Abkhazia to take part in Soviet referendum of 1991, and even went so far as to support the hard-line instigators of the USSR Communist Party during the August Coup of 1991. |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | Legacy | Legacy |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | Notes and references | Notes and references |
Draft:Republic of Georgia (1990–1992) - Based on Burma | Table of Content | Rough translation, History, Formation, End of Soviet Rule, Independent Georgia, Ethnic conflicts, Legacy, Notes and references |
Draft:Offensive into Swedish-held Prussia (1659–1660) | AfC submission | |
Draft:Offensive into Swedish-held Prussia (1659–1660) | References | References |
Draft:Offensive into Swedish-held Prussia (1659–1660) | Works cited | Works cited
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Draft:Offensive into Swedish-held Prussia (1659–1660) | Table of Content | AfC submission, References, Works cited |
Draft:Rosalind Delores Brown Duncanson | <!-- Important, do not remove anything above this line before article has been created. --> | Rosalind Delores Brown Duncanson (born July 31, 1969) is an African American actress, singer, and entertainer, best known for her versatile performances across stage and screen. Rosalind created the role of Wendy Jo in the original Broadway cast of Footloose and Thelma in the original cast of One Mo’ Time. [Citation needed] She won a Vivian Robinson AUDELCO Recognition Award, “THE VIV!” for Lead Actress in a Play,[1] for her starring role as the late Jazz legend, Alberta Hunter.
She was born in New York City to Katie Brown, a registered nurse, and Karl Duncanson, an accountant. From an early age, she began honing her craft, at The Holy Redeemer Baptist Church, where her mother was a singer, pianist, and choir director, and attending the prestigious Fiorello H La Guardia High School of Music & Art. Later, she briefly pursued further education at the University of Bridgeport before booking a tour and never returning to college. This decision proved pivotal as she began her ascent into the world of entertainment, ultimately solidifying her legacy as a distinguished actress, singer, and entertainer.[Citation needed] |
Draft:Rosalind Delores Brown Duncanson | Career | Career |
Draft:Rosalind Delores Brown Duncanson | Television [Citation needed] | Television [Citation needed]
Blue Bloods
Hello Tomorrow
Chase
When They See Us
Billions
Power
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Orange Is The New Black
The Leftovers
Broad City
Law & Order: SVU (multiple appearances)
Third Watch
All My Children |
Draft:Rosalind Delores Brown Duncanson | Broadway | Broadway
One Mo' Time (Original Cast)
Footloose (Original Cast) |
Draft:Rosalind Delores Brown Duncanson | Table of Content | <!-- Important, do not remove anything above this line before article has been created. -->, Career, Television [Citation needed], Broadway |
First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act | Italic title | The First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act is an act of the Legislative Assembly relating to the repatriation of certain sacred ceremonial objects. |
First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act | History | History
Initial repatriation efforts in Alberta arose from a controversial museum exhibition, which was entitled “The Spirit Sings”. |
First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act | Provision | Provision
The legislation mandates the return of certain sacred ceremonial objects by the Royal Alberta Museum and the Glenbow Museum. |
First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act | Further developments | Further developments
In 2022, certain sacred ceremonial objects were returned to the Siksika Nation after being stored in the Royal Albert Memorial Museum and Art Gallery in Exeter, England for 144 years.
In 2017, there were negotiations to expand it to the expand it to include the Plains Cree, Assiniboine and Saulteaux in Alberta and Saskatchewan. |
First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act | Amendments | Amendments
The act was amended by the First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Amendment Act in 2008. |
First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act | References | References
Category:Canadian legislation relating to Indigenous rights
Category:Alberta provincial legislation |
First Nations Sacred Ceremonial Objects Repatriation Act | Table of Content | Italic title, History, Provision, Further developments, Amendments, References |
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File:Sodom - The Arsonist.jpg | Summary | Summary |
File:Sodom - The Arsonist.jpg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Sodom - The Arsonist.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mount Elliot (shipwreck) | [[:Mount Elliot (shipwreck)]] | :Mount Elliot (shipwreck)
– (View AfDView log | edits since nomination)
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Unnotable sinking of a lighter (barge). Wikipedia is not a (maritime) newspaper. Clarityfiend (talk) 23:24, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Transportation and Australia. WCQuidditch ☎ ✎ 02:46, 2 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete. The government database entry that is the main source for this article lists five sources. The first two are routine newspaper announcements that do not contribute towards notability. I can't access any of the three book sources, but from the pages I can preview they all seem to just provide listings of shipwrecks and their coordinates, and therefore don't contribute towards notability either. I couldn't find any additional sources on Trove or elsewhere. MCE89 (talk) 10:34, 2 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mount Elliot (shipwreck) | Table of Content | [[:Mount Elliot (shipwreck)]] |
Category:March 1939 sports events in Europe | Portal | |
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