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Draft:Pyotr Buiko | Table of Content | AfC submission, Early life, World War II, References, References |
Tottleben (disambiguation) | '''[[Tottleben]]''' | Tottleben is a municipality in Germany. Tottleben may also refer to: |
Tottleben (disambiguation) | People | People
Gottlob Heinrich Curt von Tottleben, a Baltic German military engineer and Imperial Russian Army general
Eduard Totleben, also known as Franz Eduard Graf von Tottleben, a Baltic German military engineer and Imperial Russian Army general |
Tottleben (disambiguation) | See also | See also
Totleben (disambiguation) |
Tottleben (disambiguation) | Table of Content | '''[[Tottleben]]''', People, See also |
Category:Redirects from Meskwaki-language terms | Redirect from alternative language category | |
Category:Redirects from Meskwaki-language terms | Table of Content | Redirect from alternative language category |
Acantuerta thomensis | Short description | Acantuerta thomensis is a species of moth in the genus Acantuerta of the family Noctuidae. It is found on the São Tomé Island. |
Acantuerta thomensis | References | References
Category:Agaristinae
Category:Moths of Africa
Category:Moths described in 1904 |
Acantuerta thomensis | Table of Content | Short description, References |
File:American Outlaws 2023 poster.jpg | Summary | Summary |
File:American Outlaws 2023 poster.jpg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:American Outlaws 2023 poster.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
Cuba women's national futsal team | About | The Cuba women's national futsal team () represents Cuba in international women's futsal competitions, and is controlled by the Football Association of Cuba. |
Cuba women's national futsal team | History | History
Despite being a well-established regional powerhouse in men's futsal, Cuba had not developed a women's national team until the announcement of the FIFA Futsal Women's World Cup, for which they registered to participate in the qualifiers for the inaugural edition in 2025. Cuba had previously made its debut in women's futsal in 2023 during the University International Sports Festival in Yekaterinburg, where a universitary team represented the nation. On 29 April 2025, the team made its international debut at the 2025 CONCACAF Women's Futsal Championship, suffering a 2–6 defeat to Panama. A second consecutive loss the following day against Mexico ended Cuba's hopes of qualifying for the first-ever edition of the tournament. |
Cuba women's national futsal team | Players | Players |
Cuba women's national futsal team | Current squad | Current squad
The following 14 players were called up for the 2025 CONCACAF W Futsal Championship, from 29 April to 4 May 2025 in Guatemala City. |
Cuba women's national futsal team | Competitive record | Competitive record |
Cuba women's national futsal team | FIFA Futsal Women's World Cup | FIFA Futsal Women's World Cup
FIFA Futsal Women's World Cup recordYearPosition* 2025Did not qualifyTotal0/1—————— |
Cuba women's national futsal team | CONCACAF W Futsal Championship | CONCACAF W Futsal Championship
CONCACAF W Futsal Championship recordYearResult* 2025 Group stage 3 0 0 3 4 19Total1/13003419 |
Cuba women's national futsal team | See also | See also
Cuba women's national football team |
Cuba women's national futsal team | References | References
Category:National sports teams of Cuba
Category:North American women's national futsal teams
Women's national team |
Cuba women's national futsal team | Table of Content | About, History, Players, Current squad, Competitive record, FIFA Futsal Women's World Cup, CONCACAF W Futsal Championship, See also, References |
Draft:Namatjira (producer) | AFC submission |
Namatjira is the pseudonym of Dutch electronic music producer Joost van der Vleuten (born 1978). He has been active since the early 2000s and is known for his contributions to the progressive house and organic house genres. His work has been released on renowned labels such as Anjunadeep, Sudbeat, Armada, and The Soundgarden. Namatjira has received recognition from prominent DJs and producers, including John Digweed, Sasha, Guy J, Hernán Cattáneo, and Nick Warren.
Biography
Joost van der Vleuten was born in the Netherlands in 1978. At the age of 13, he began his musical journey at a local radio station. Initially interested in hip-hop — with artists such as De La Soul and Ice Cube as early influences — his taste soon shifted towards electronic music, inspired by acts like Enigma and Moby. These diverse influences eventually led him to develop a passion for music production.
Career
Van der Vleuten started his career under several aliases, including DJ Platypus, Latigidi, and Seven Senses. After releasing music in the trance scene, he found his niche within progressive and organic house, leading to the creation of his alias Namatjira.
As Namatjira, he has collaborated with artists such as Royal Sapien, Mz Sunday Luv, and Jelle van Leeuwen. He has also produced remixes for well-known artists, including Armin van Buuren, Guy J, and Marc Poppcke. (beatport.com)
His releases have appeared on labels such as Cyber Records, Electronic Elements, The Soundgarden, Purified, Anjunadeep, Sudbeat, and Armada. His style is characterized by warm beats and layered, melodic arrangements, earning him a respected place within the progressive house community. (beatport.com) |
Draft:Namatjira (producer) | References | References
External Links
http://www.namatjiramusic.com
https://www.discogs.com/artist/796673-Namatjira
https://www.beatport.com/nl/artist/namatjira/58285
https://progressiveastronaut.com/namatjira-interview/ |
Draft:Namatjira (producer) | Table of Content | AFC submission, References |
Jeanette Jena | short description | Jeanette Ruth Einstein Jena (1896 – October 10, 1971) was an American arts patron and journalist. She was art critic for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette for over thirty years, from 1935 to 1969. |
Jeanette Jena | Early life and education | Early life and education
Einstein was born in Kittanning, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Jacob R. Einstein and Augusta Cohen Einstein. Her family was Jewish; her father was a bank president. She graduated from Vassar College in 1917. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. |
Jeanette Jena | Career | Career
Jena worked in advertising in Pittsburgh, before moving into journalism by writing book reviews for the Pittsburgh Press in the late 1920s. She became art critic at the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette about 1935. She was "official art critic of the Annual Carnegie International Art Exhibit", and a contributor to The New York Times and the New Yorker magazine. She also helped to edit a cookbook, The Artists' Palate. She retired from the Post-Gazette in 1969. In 1975 she gave an oral history interview to the National Council of Jewish Women.
Jena was a member of the West Penn Hospital Guild, the Pittsburgh Press Club, and the Vassar Club of Pittsburgh, and served on the board of the Pittsburgh Planned Parenthood Association. |
Jeanette Jena | Personal life | Personal life
Einstein married physician and cancer researcher Milton Jena in 1922. She died in 1971, at the age of 75, in Pittsburgh. A sculpture on the grounds of the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts was dedicated as a tribute to Jena. |
Jeanette Jena | References | References
Category:1896 births
Category:1971 deaths
Category:People from Kittanning, Pennsylvania
Category:Vassar College alumni
Category:American art critics
Category:American women journalists
Category:Phi Beta Kappa |
Jeanette Jena | Table of Content | short description, Early life and education, Career, Personal life, References |
Draft:Bitinez | AFC submission |
Bitinez is a cryptocurrency exchange established in 2019 and based in Zug, Switzerland. It offers trading in digital assets, including spot and derivative instruments. As of 2024, it was listed among the top 50 cryptocurrency exchanges by trading volume, according to CryptoMetrics.CryptoMetrics. "Top 100 Crypto Exchanges by Volume (2024)." CryptoMetrics.io. |
Draft:Bitinez | History | History
Bitinez was founded by a group of financial technology professionals led by Luca Meyer. The company launched operations in 2019 and initially focused on European markets. In 2021, it opened a research center in Singapore to explore applications in decentralized finance (DeFi) and liquidity infrastructure. |
Draft:Bitinez | Services | Services
The exchange supports over 120 cryptocurrency pairs, including BTC/USDT and ETH/EUR. It provides both spot trading and perpetual futures with leverage options. Bitinez uses a proprietary matching engine called SmartMatch™, which applies algorithmic models to order execution.Müller, J. "AI in Trading: The SmartMatch Engine." Blockchain Finance Journal, Vol. 22, 2023.
Bitinez also offers custodial wallet services and is subject to regulatory oversight by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA). |
Draft:Bitinez | Regulation | Regulation
The company holds a Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) license from FINMA and is registered with the Estonian Financial Intelligence Unit. It reports adherence to international standards related to anti-money laundering (AML), know your customer (KYC), and FATF recommendations. |
Draft:Bitinez | Partnerships | Partnerships
In 2023, Bitinez partnered with AlpenBank, a Swiss financial institution, to integrate fiat gateways. The exchange also participated as a technical contributor at the CryptoZürich blockchain conference the same year. |
Draft:Bitinez | Incidents | Incidents
In early 2022, Bitinez experienced a temporary service disruption during a period of market volatility. The issue was resolved after a system update.Weber, A. "Bitinez Faces Outage During Market Crash." CryptoWatch Switzerland, 2022. |
Draft:Bitinez | See also | See also
List of cryptocurrency exchanges
Digital asset market
Regulation of cryptocurrencies |
Draft:Bitinez | References | References |
Draft:Bitinez | Table of Content | AFC submission, History, Services, Regulation, Partnerships, Incidents, See also, References |
Draft:Shalin Wu | AFC submission |
Shalin Wu (; born November 20, 1977) is an entrepreneur and technology executive. He is a partner and Vice President of Wyze Labs, a home intelligence company based in Seattle, Washington. Wu has been building and leading the development of AI-powered services and subscription business models for the company. |
Draft:Shalin Wu | Career | Career
In 1995, Wu developed the WOLF DOS (Disk Operating System), for which he received the Elite Invention Award from Nobel laureate physicist Yang Zhenning.
In 2002, he founded Shenzhen Mesic Technology Co., Ltd., one of China's first service providers(SP) for mobile carriers and domestic phone manufacturers. The company was acquired by Zhongyou Group in 2004.
In 2004, Wu co-founded Shenzhen NewBreathing Technology Co., Ltd., focusing on software solutions for mobile operators. In 2006, he spun off the company's internet projects to form Shanghai Teeta Information Technology Co., Ltd. (TeeTa), serving as Vice President and co-founder. Teeta was a leading Web 2.0 social platform in China, offering mobile blogs, personal portals, media portals, and group-buying services.https://web.archive.org/web/20181031091146/http://www.ccidnet.com/2006/1213/975065.shtml
In 2008, Wu founded Cybecho Inc., the U.S. subsidiary of NewBreathing, in Seattle. In 2010, he launched "Tiantuan" based on Teeta's social structure, which became China's first cosmetics group-buying platform targeting women, which was acquired by Tiantian Group in 2011. In 2017, NewBreathing Technology was reformed into NetThink Technology Inc.
In 2018, he co-founded Snack, an AI-based mobile learning platform offering short educational videos for commuters. Snack received investment from Sogou in September 2018.https://finance.yahoo.com/news/snack-launches-way-learn-better-140000914.htmlhttps://www.fastcompany.com/90492126/world-changing-ideas-awards-2020-education-finalists-and-honorable-mentionshttps://www.pr.com/press-release/801075
In 2020, Wu joined Wyze Labs as a partner and Vice President, leading the new business model based on AI-driven services such as Cam Plus, Cam Unlimited, Cam Unlimited Pro, Cam Protect, and Home Monitoring, to create a sustainable and profitable core business model for Wyze.https://www.slashgear.com/wyze-teams-with-noonlight-to-offer-smart-home-users-24-7-monitoring-13668223/https://www.geekwire.com/2024/new-ai-feature-from-wyze-lets-users-search-across-video-footage-from-security-cams/https://www.theverge.com/2025/1/14/24343388/wyze-security-cameras-ai-descriptive-alerts-cam-unlimited-pro |
Draft:Shalin Wu | Publications | Publications
Easy-to-Learn Internet (《易学易用Internet》), University of Electronic Science and Technology Press, 1999, ISBN 7-81043-884-0
WPS2000: From Entry to Mastery (《WPS2000-从入门到精通》), University of Electronic Science and Technology Press, 1999, ISBN 7-81065-318-0
AI Agents Demystified: A Leader’s Guide to Innovation, Disruption, and Success in the AI Era, 2024, ISBN 979-8300217594 |
Draft:Shalin Wu | References | References |
Draft:Shalin Wu | External links | External links
Chinese Wikipedia page on Shalin Wu |
Draft:Shalin Wu | Table of Content | AFC submission, Career, Publications, References, External links |
Belve (TV series) | Use mdy dates | Belve () is an Italian television interview show, hosted by journalist . It aired on Nove from 14 March 2018 to 21 June 2019, and then moved to Rai 2 on 14 May 2021. The program consists of face-to-face interviews between Fagnani and "beasts", strong personalities from the world of entertainment, politics or news. It is produced by RAI in collaboration with Fremantle Italia. |
Belve (TV series) | Format | Format
Hosted by journalist Francesca Fagnani, the show consists of face-to-face interviews between Fagnani and "beasts", strong personalities from the world of entertainment, politics or news.
The theme song is "L'appuntamento", performed by Ornella Vanoni. |
Belve (TV series) | Series overview | Series overview
Season Host Release Episodes Studio Broadcast Director Start End Network Streaming 1Francesca Fagnani 14 March 2018 4 April 2018 4 Cherubini Studios, Bologna Nove Dplay Matteo Forzano 2 15 June 2018 6 July 2018 4 3 14 December 2018 28 December 2018 3 4 31 May 2019 21 June 2019 4 Dplay Plus 5 14 May 2021 9 July 2021 9 Studi televisivi Fabrizio Frizzi, Studio 3Rai 2RaiPlayFlavia Unfer 6 18 February 2022 22 April 2022 9 7 1 December 2022 23 December 2022 9 Mauro Stancati 8 21 February 2023 21 March 2023 5 Lumina Studios 9 26 September 2023 24 October 2023 5Studi televisivi Fabrizio Frizzi, Studio 3Mauro Stancati 10 2 April 2024 30 April 2024 5 11 19 November 2024 17 December 2024 5 12 29 April 2025 In progress 1 |
Belve (TV series) | Broadcast | Broadcast
Belve debuted in Italy on Nove on 14 March 2018. The show was produced by Loft Produzioni, and aired until 21 June 2019. The program was revived on Rai 2 on 14 May 2021, produced by RAI, with Fremantle Italia sharing production as of 2023. |
Belve (TV series) | References | References |
Belve (TV series) | External links | External links
Category:2018 Italian television series debuts
Category:2010s Italian television series
Category:2020s Italian television series
Category:Italian-language television shows
Category:RAI original programming |
Belve (TV series) | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, Format, Series overview, Broadcast, References, External links |
Murder Has Two Faces | Short description | Murder Has Two Faces is a 2025 true crime documentary film series by Lisa Cortés and Robin Roberts that highlights lesser-known cases that were overshadowed in the media by other murders covered more extensively. The series asks the question regarding these less covered cases: "Why didn’t they get the same level of attention as their notorious, eerily similar counterparts?" The series aims to shed a social justice lens on these lesser known cases. |
Murder Has Two Faces | Development | Development
The series was announced on April 29, 2025, and produced by Cortés Filmworks and Blue Ant Studios for ABC News Studios. Cortés wanted to challenge whose stories get to be told in the media, saying:
The series includes interviews with friends and families of the victims who fought for attention and justice for their loved ones. Additionally, this series explores the possible connections to their highly publicized counterpart cases. |
Murder Has Two Faces | Episodes | Episodes |
Murder Has Two Faces | Series overview | Series overview |
Murder Has Two Faces | Season 1 (2025) | Season 1 (2025) |
Murder Has Two Faces | References | References
Category:2020s American documentary television series
Category:2025 American television series debuts |
Murder Has Two Faces | Table of Content | Short description, Development, Episodes, Series overview, Season 1 (2025), References |
Liaoning Hongda | Infobox company
| Liaoning Hongda Group (辽宁宏达企业集团) is a Chinese conglomerate headquartered in Huludao, Liaoning Province. The company operates across multiple sectors, including mining, real estate, finance, and agriculture. Internationally, it is best known for its investment in gold mining in Uganda through its wholly owned subsidiary, Wagagai Mining (U) Limited. |
Liaoning Hongda | Operations in Uganda | Operations in Uganda
In Uganda, Liaoning Hongda operates through Wagagai Mining (U) Limited, which was established in 2019 and is based in Busia District. The company is developing a large-scale gold mining and refining facility in Alupe Village, Buteba Sub-county. The project is designed to process up to 5,000 tonnes of gold ore per day, with an expected annual output of 1 to 1.5 tonnes of refined gold.Pauline Kairu, "Busia counts on new gold plant for development", Daily Monitor, 30 October 2023. The investment, estimated at US$200 million, is expected to create over 3,000 jobs. Local government officials estimate the project will contribute around UGX 60 billion annually in tax revenues, with Busia District alone receiving UGX 6 billion in royalties and service tax.
Wagagai Mining has been cited as a reference project under Uganda’s reformed mining framework.Kevin Godier, "Uganda formalises its mining sector to drive future economic growth", IntelliNews, 26 January 2024.
In November 2024, the company launched a beneficiation plant at the site. The facility will use advanced flotation techniques to separate gold from ore. In April 2025, company officials warned that frequent power outages posed a risk to commissioning the plant and urged government intervention to stabilize electricity supply.Francis Mugerwa, "Busia gold investor warns power outages threaten gold plant site", New Vision, 9 April 2025. |
Liaoning Hongda | References | References
Category:Mining companies of China |
Liaoning Hongda | Table of Content | Infobox company
, Operations in Uganda, References |
List of rent strikes | Dynamic list | The following is a list of specific rent strikes—tenants refusing to pay some or all of their rent. |
List of rent strikes | Definition | Definition
A rent strike is a collective direct action where tenants refuse to pay rent to landlords as a leverage of bargining power. |
List of rent strikes | Chronlogical list of rent strikes | Chronlogical list of rent strikes
DateStrikePlaceCountry1839–1845Anti-Rent WarUpstate, New York StateUnited States19041904 New York City rent strikeNew York CityUnited States1907Broom strike of 1907Buenos AiresArgentina1907–19081907 New York City rent strikeNew York CityUnited States19151915 Glasgow rent strikesGlasgowScotland, UK1918–19201918–1920 New York City rent strikesNew York CityUnited States1920-19211920-1921 Chicago rent strikesChicagoUnited States19251925 Tenant MovementPanama City and ColónPanama19311931 Barcelona rent strikeBarcelonaSpain1965–1968Tulare labor camps rent strikeTulare County, CaliforniaUnited States19661966 West Side Rent StrikeWest Side, ChicagoUnited States1970–19731970–1973 Republic of Ireland rent strikesnationwideRepublic of Ireland1971Anti-internment rent and rates strikenationwideNorthern Ireland, UK1972–1973Kirkby Rent StrikeKirkbyEngland, UK2024–2024 Kansas City metropolitan area rent strikeKansas City metropolitan areaUnited States |
List of rent strikes | See also | See also
List of labour strikes |
List of rent strikes | References | References |
List of rent strikes | Table of Content | Dynamic list, Definition, Chronlogical list of rent strikes, See also, References |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Short description |
Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri () was a highly revered Sufi saint, spiritual guide, and mystical poet of the Qadri Sufi order. He was born on 17 Rabi al-Awwal 1262 AH in the sacred village of Fateh Pur Sharif Tehsil Gandawah, District Jhal Magsi, Balochistan, Pakistan. His father was the respected Hazrat Syed Noor Muhammad Shah, and his noble spiritual lineage traces back to the 8th Shia Imam,Ali al-Rida further enriched by his deep association with the Qadri Silsila.
Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah dedicated his life to the propagation of divine love, spiritual awakening, and the teachings of Islamic mysticism. He attracted countless followers through his humility, wisdom, and devotion. His poetic masterpiece, Bahr-ul-Ishq (بحرُ العشق), remains a celebrated compilation of Sufi kalam and continues to inspire seekers of truth and spiritual knowledge.
He passed away on 7 Rabi' al-Thani 1359 AH 17 April 1939 at the age of 97. His shrine, known as Fateh Pur Sharif, located in his birthplace, remains a prominent spiritual center in Balochistan. Thousands of devotees gather annually at his Urs Mubarak and at monthly spiritual gatherings to pay homage and seek blessings at his resting place. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | [[Biographical]] Account – [[Life History]] | Biographical Account – Life History
After the decline of the caliphate in Arabia, various socio-political circumstances led numerous noble Sayyid families to migrate from the Arabian Peninsula. Among them were the ancestors of Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri, who traveled through the Makran route and settled across the Indian subcontinent. Their sacred migration began from Makkah Sharif, continued through Madinah Sharif, and passed via Najaf Sharif and Karbala, ultimately reaching Persia (modern-day Iran).
From Persia, they migrated to Shiraz and eventually moved to Balochistan, where they founded spiritual centers that remain active to this day. In recognition of their spiritual stature, the ruling authorities of the time granted them jagirs (lands), which are still under the custodianship of the saint’s descendants.
According to historical sources such as *Halnamo* by Haji Hakim Khan Sehrani and *Bahr-ul-Ishq* by Kako Nethermal, son of Lo Komal Gurnani, it is documented that a spiritual ancestor, Shah Wali Shah, migrated from Shiraz and settled in Fateh Pur Sharif, Gandawah, located in present-day Balochistan. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | [[Saints]] and Spiritual Personalities in the Family | Saints and Spiritual Personalities in the Family
The lineage of Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri is distinguished by generations of pious and spiritually enlightened personalities. His forefathers were known for their sanctity, spiritual wisdom, and ascetic practices. In earlier generations, they were often addressed with reverential titles associated with the Imams and the spiritually infallible.
Their teachings emphasized purification of the soul (tazkiyah), remembrance of Allah (zikr), and sincere service to humanity. Their presence attracted seekers from far and wide, turning the family into a spiritual nucleus of the region. From this radiant legacy emerged Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah as a leading spiritual guide and Sufi poet. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Birth and [[Early Life]] | Birth and Early Life
Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri was born on 17 Rabi al-Awwal 1262 AH in the village of Fateh Pur Sharif, Tehsil Gandawah, District Jhal Magsi, Balochistan, Pakistan.
His father, Hazrat Syed Noor Muhammad Shah, was a revered figure known for his devout character and widespread reputation for piety. From an early age, Hazrat Rakhyal Shah displayed clear signs of spiritual illumination. He would often remain in solitude, immersed in remembrance and contemplation. Even the elders of his village were astonished by his inner connection and believed he was divinely chosen for a spiritual path. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Spiritual Lineage and [[Prominent]] Ancestors | Spiritual Lineage and Prominent Ancestors
The descendants of Imam Ali al-Ridha, known for their spiritual authority (*wilayah*), include many noble figures who later settled in Fateh Pur Sharif. Among them were highly revered saints such as Mian Abdul Nabi Shah, Rakhyal Shah Pehrboon of Kaseri, Mian Aziz Shah, Mian Awal Shah, and Mian Abdul Nabi Shah the Elder. Each of these personalities played a significant role in guiding the spiritual landscape of their era and were widely recognized for their piety and wisdom.
Among the distinguished figures of this lineage was Saeen Rakhyal Shah the Second, a devoted seeker (*salik*) who attained a lofty spiritual status. His son, Mian Cheezal Shah, was venerated as a spiritual reformer (*mujaddid*) and religious leader (*imam*) of his time, guiding many towards the path of divine love and inner purification. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | [[Allegiance]] (Bay‘ah) | Allegiance (Bay‘ah)
In accordance with the instruction of his respected brother, Abdul Nabi Shah, Saeen Rakhyal Shah took *bay‘ah* (spiritual allegiance) at the hands of Mian Abdul Sattar Shah — the spiritual successor (*gaddi nasheen*) of the great martyr-saint Shah Inayat Shaheed of Jhok Sharif, Miranpur.
Saeen Rakhyal Shah and his family strictly adhered to the Qadri Sufi order and remained devoted to the tradition of *mehfil-e-sama‘* (spiritual musical gatherings). A monthly spiritual gathering continues to be held on the 7th of every lunar month at Fatehpur, while the annual Urs and spiritual festival is observed each March, organized by the custodians of his Sufi order. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Birth and Birthplace | Birth and Birthplace
Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah was born on 17th Rabi al-Awwal 1262 AH in the home of his noble father, Syed Noor Muhammad Shah, in Fateh Pur Sharif, Balochistan. From the moment of his birth, he was considered to be a spiritually gifted child. The people of Fatehpur witnessed extraordinary signs coinciding with his arrival.
It is narrated that Balochistan, a land reliant on rain for its crops and greenery, had not received rainfall for two years. On the night of Saeen Rakhyal Shah’s birth, dark clouds enveloped the sky, and gentle, blessed rain descended upon the land — a sign that was taken as a divine celebration of his birth. For the Gandawah region, this was a double blessing: the emergence of a saint and the return of long-awaited rain.
Tragically, around six months after his birth, his esteemed mother passed away, leaving the young child in a state of early orphanhood. This personal sorrow became a silent chapter in the formative years of a man who would grow to offer spiritual solace to thousands. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | [[Education]] | Education
Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah grew up like other children of his time, nurtured in a traditional and spiritually rich environment. At the age of eight, his honorable father entrusted him to the care of the village's respected religious scholar (*Maulvi Sahib*) to commence his Islamic education. There, he began his journey by learning the recitation and memorization of the Holy Qur'an.
After absorbing the divine light of the Qur’an, Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah respectfully stepped away from further formal education. His soul, already illuminated with divine love and spiritual wisdom, required no worldly academic pursuits. From a young age, he was drawn more toward inner reflection, mysticism, and the love of Allah. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Worldly Affairs and Local Council Involvement | Worldly Affairs and Local Council Involvement
At the age of fourteen, Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah began to participate in worldly affairs with notable maturity. He was granted a position in the local *Jirga* (tribal council), an esteemed body of decision-makers, allowing him to interact closely with noblemen, elders, and tribal leaders of the region.
He was known for his dignified presence and also owned a magnificent horse — a prized possession that, in today’s value, would be considered worth several lakhs. For trade and business matters, he often traveled to the town of Bhag, using his horse as his primary means of transport.
On one such journey returning from Bhag, he encountered a wild leopard (*baghīr* or *nahar*). Though armed, he chose not to use his weapons immediately. Instead, inspired by youthful vigor and courage, he pursued the beast on horseback. After a dramatic chase, he successfully exhausted and subdued the animal, eventually killing it — an incident that reflected his daring spirit and hunting skill. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Presence in the [[Court]] of Mian Abdul Nabi Shah | Presence in the Court of Mian Abdul Nabi Shah
News of the hunt soon reached his noble elder brother, Mian Abdul Nabi Shah. As per custom, Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah humbly appeared in his brother’s court (*kachehri*).
Upon seeing him, Mian Abdul Nabi Shah gently remarked:
Today, you chased and killed a leopard. Brother! That poor animal was weak and harmless — what had it done to deserve this?”
This moment marked not only a gentle admonition but also a deeper spiritual reminder — a reflection of the family's values of compassion, restraint, and moral elevation, even in acts of bravery. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | A Divine Awakening | A Divine Awakening
One day, Saeen Abdul Nabi Shah addressed his younger brother, Syed Rakhyal Shah, with words laden with spiritual wisdom:
First, slay the corrupt beast within yourself. What sin has this animal committed?”
These profound words pierced deeply into the heart of Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah. His entire being was shaken, as if struck by a powerful current of divine realization. Fear of Allah gripped his soul, and he stood still, enveloped in awe and reflection. At that very moment, he resolved to renounce worldly attachments and dedicate his life entirely to the pursuit of divine truth and spiritual awakening. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Devotion to His Brother | Devotion to His Brother
From that transformative day onward, Saeen Rakhyal Shah committed himself wholly to the service of his elder brother, Saeen Mian Abdul Nabi Shah. When his brother fell gravely ill, Rakhyal Shah remained by his side day and night, attending to his every need with boundless devotion and compassion. His dedication surpassed all worldly measures, reflecting his deep reverence and spiritual loyalty. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | A Clear Spiritual Command | A Clear Spiritual Command
Moved by his brother's unparalleled devotion, Mian Abdul Nabi Shah addressed him with clarity and purpose:
I do not possess the divine authority to initiate others. Go to Jhok Sharif, to the shrine of Shah Inayat Shaheed, and receive the trust that has been destined for you — the true purpose of your life.”
With this final instruction, Mian Abdul Nabi Shah fulfilled his spiritual mission and soon departed from this world. His passing brought profound sorrow to Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah, yet he accepted it with submission to Allah’s will.
For three days, he observed the mourning rites with patience, receiving guests and condolences. On the fourth day, after offering charity in the path of God, he began making preparations to journey to Jhok Sharif — to fulfill the divine command entrusted to him by his beloved brother. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Journey of Divine Love | Journey of Divine Love
Despite being burdened with severe financial hardship, the flame of divine love within Saeen Rakhyal Shah refused to be dimmed. With unwavering resolve, he entrusted the care of his children to his brother-in-law, Mian Haleem Shah. Mounting his beloved horse, accompanied by his wife and children, he set out through arid deserts and desolate paths, carrying with him only cracked wheat — a humble provision to sustain them on the way.
Their journey took them from village to village until they arrived at Sujawal, a village in Taluka Mirokhan. There, Saeen Rakhyal Shah entrusted his children to the care of Mian Haleem Shah. Though it broke his heart to leave his loved ones in another’s home, such is the cost of the path of divine yearning. They stayed in Sujawal for a few days before he bid farewell and continued on his journey toward Jhok Sharif, Miranpur.
As his wife handed him a small bundle of food for the road, Saeen Rakhyal Shah's eyes filled with tears. With deep humility, he said:
Aside from the seven grains ofwheat I carried from Fatehpur, I have nothing left. I used them to feed and comfort the children on this journey."
With these words, a silent tide of sorrow swept over him. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Reliance on [[God]] (Tawakkul) | Reliance on God (Tawakkul)
Before parting, his wife tied a few grains of wheat in a cloth for him to take. Lifting his gaze toward the heavens, Saeen Rakhyal Shah turned to the Wali ofNajaf in heartfelt supplication:
O Master of Najaf! I place Your children in Your care. Safeguard their honor, grant them Your divine favor, and never let Your gaze of mercy depart from them."
Turning to his son, Wali Shah, he spoke gently but firmly:
O my child, always honor Mian Haleem. Obey him with love and sincerity — your future, even your marriage, now rests in his trust."
With a heart full of surrender and eyes brimming with tears, he rose and resumed his sacred journey toward the destination that awaited his soul’s calling. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | The Glory of Divine Providence and the Beginning of Hardship | The Glory of Divine Providence and the Beginning of Hardship
The ways of divine providence are often mysterious and majestic. Though thousands once gathered at the doorstep of Saeen Rakhyal Shah seeking guidance, he himself became a living symbol of humility, contentment, and self-denial. Immersed in hardship, he had no resources for travel, yet his heart never bent toward asking for help. With unwavering faith in God, he embarked on his spiritual quest on foot. Before his departure, Mian Haleem Shah, moved by concern, handed him ten rupees to assist with travel expenses. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | The Beginning of Trials – Arrival in [[Rohri]] | The Beginning of Trials – Arrival in Rohri
Saeen Rakhyal Shah set out from Naudero railway station and arrived in Rohri, where he first visited the revered shrine of Saeen Jehan Allah Shah. There, he encountered the then custodian of the shrine, Mian Ali Akbar Shah. However, as they were strangers to one another, Saeen Rakhyal Shah received neither recognition nor a greeting. After spending some time in the spiritual gathering, the Khalifa of the shrine inquired about his identity.
Saeen Rakhyal Shah humbly responded:
My elder brother received spiritual instruction from the previous custodian of this shrine. He was a noble and enlightened dervish. After his passing, the spiritual seat remained vacant. I am now on a journey to Jhok Sharif in search of divine truth.”
Instead of showing hospitality, the Khalifa responded with bitter sarcasm:
To drink the milk of a lioness, one must be born of a lion. You, with your frail frame, appear more like a calf raised on water.”
These stinging words wounded Saeen Rakhyal Shah deeply. Without uttering a word or taking a meal, he quietly departed, choosing silence over bitterness. His soul sought only the Beloved. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Visit to War Mubarak and Journey to [[Sehwan Sharif]] | Visit to War Mubarak and Journey to Sehwan Sharif
He then proceeded to visit the sacred relic of War Mubarak — the blessed hair of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. There, he encountered a lame elder seated among ten to twelve followers. This man, though not engaged in conversation, was in fact the grandson of Mian Nabi Bakhsh, a prominent Khalifa of Jhok Sharif. As destiny would have it, neither recognized the other.
From there, Saeen Rakhyal Shah boarded a train from Rohri and journeyed to Sehwan Sharif, where he offered his salutations at the majestic shrine of the great Sufi mystic, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar. It was another step in his long, divinely-ordained path toward spiritual fulfillment. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Journey of Love – Trials and Divine Tests | Journey of Love – Trials and Divine Tests
Following his heartfelt prayers at the shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Saeen Rakhyal Shah continued his journey aboard a boat traversing the Indus. Among the passengers was a humble couple. The husband paused the journey to visit the saint Muhammad Faqeer, bringing two melons as an offering of love and reverence. Saeen Rakhyal Shah, guided by spiritual intuition, accompanied him.
Muhammad Faqeer, a spiritual heir to the venerable Moulvi Qadir Bakhsh Kapari, lay absorbed in divine remembrance, resting upon a simple woven cot. His eyes closed, he offered only brief instructions: place the melons and return to Lal Shahbaz’s shrine. With that, he resumed his meditative silence, his presence a living testament to the deep mysticism of Sindh.
The man accompanying Saeen Rakhyal Shah was from Shikarpur , a father of many, and of modest livelihood. After fulfilling their ziyarat, they rejoined the boat, where Saeen encountered Syed Preel Shah. The two exchanged greetings, and Syed Preel Shah gently inquired into Saeen’s journey and his connection to the spiritual order of Jhok Sharif.
The boat soon reached the opposite bank. Saeen proceeded to the railway station, purchased a ticket for Kotri, and prepared to cross the river—there being no bridge at the time. As he reached the ferry terminal, he took out his money to pay, but a man nearby intervened and told him to wait. Respecting the advice, Saeen folded the money into his handkerchief and returned it to his pocket. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | A Trial in the Path of Love | A Trial in the Path of Love
As he boarded the ferry, a deceitful man—already observing him—seized the moment. Crying out “Thief! Thief!” he suddenly grabbed Saeen Rakhyal Shah, pulled him down, and publicly accused him of theft. He forcibly snatched the handkerchief containing the money and created a scene of false accusation and humiliation.
Though numerous witnesses stood by and saw the entire incident, none came to his defense. The rogue handed him over to the local authorities, accusing him of a crime he did not commit. Saeen Rakhyal Shah was taken to the police station, where he endured imprisonment and harsh interrogation—his dignity tarnished by a false charge.
After several hours, the police released him without explanation or apology, as if no injustice had occurred. Though he emerged outwardly unscathed, inwardly this episode became another divine crucible in the furnace of love—a test of his sabr (patience), tawakkul (trust), and unshakeable dedication to the spiritual path. Each trial along the way only deepened his resolve and sanctified his journey toward union with the Beloved. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Journey to [[Jhok]] Sharif | Journey to Jhok Sharif
After being unjustly imprisoned and released, Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri resumed his journey, walking in solitude. As he walked, he came upon women laboring in the fields. He humbly asked for something in the name of Allah (fi sabilillah). One compassionate girl gave him a coin worth one ana, from which he bought a simple piece of bread called buro. He mixed it with salt and ate it, drinking water afterward. For the next two days, Saeen endured the pangs of hunger, relying on his trust in the Divine.
With the same coin, he paid for a boat ride across the river and continued his journey on foot towards Tando Muhammad Khan. Upon reaching the town, a Hindu man informed him about the otaar (spiritual guesthouse) of Syed Nazar Shah. Saeen Rakhyal Shah proceeded there and, unable to enter through the gate, climbed over it. The caretaker, upon noticing him, directed him to the kacheri (gathering place) of Syed Nazar Shah.
Syed Nazar Shah was seated upon a raised wooden platform, exuding a certain air of authority. When Saeen Rakhyal Shah introduced himself as a Syed, Syed Nazar Shah, with a sense of boastfulness, remarked that in Sindh, only the families of Lakiyari and Matiari were true Syeds, and the rest were false claimants to the title. The arrogance in his tone did not sit well with Saeen Rakhyal Shah. Without asking for food or any hospitality, he chose to depart from that place. Before leaving, he inquired only about the way to Jhok Sharif.
Syed Nazar Shah, pointing towards a distant tree, said that it marked the road to Jhok. As Saeen Rakhyal Shah approached the tree, he encountered two young men: one was Deno, a bird-catcher, and the other was Noonari, a man from the Sangti caste. The two promised to guide him on his journey to Jhok Sharif. Deno, ever so kind, tied a knot with his scarf and slung it over his shoulder, beckoning Saeen to follow.
Along the way, they passed a farmhouse. Deno gestured to it, and asked a woman named Ran to bring them some bread. She kindly gave them flatbread, baked by Deen Muhammad. They ate together and drank water. As they continued, Noonari eventually parted ways, leaving Deno and Saeen to continue on their path.
By sunset, they reached Shah Karim, a small village on the outskirts of the town. Deno had a modest hut there, but due to a disagreement with his wife, they moved to another nearby hut. Saeen Rakhyal Shah, feeling the hunger of the journey, requested food. He expressed his wish to eat from the langar (community kitchen) of Shah Karim. Deno, ever devoted, agreed to accompany him to the langar, and together they sought sustenance for the night.
In this humble act of sharing and community, Saeen Rakhyal Shah found solace and a reminder of the Divine’s mercy on his arduous path. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Arrival at [[Jhok]] Sharif and Spiritual Allegiance (Bay‘ah) | Arrival at Jhok Sharif and Spiritual Allegiance (Bay‘ah)
After enduring the trials of his journey, Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri made his way toward the Nangar Khana (community kitchen) in Jhok Sharif, where food was being prepared and distributed. A kind-hearted dervish, distributing food to the gathered seekers, noticed him and inquired about his well-being. Without hesitation, the dervish embraced him with warmth and offered him a meal. He explained, "Tonight is Friday night, and there will be raag (spiritual music) throughout the night. You may sleep here or in the mosque, whichever your heart desires."
After performing ablution and offering his prayers, Syed Rakhyal Shah chose to rest in the mosque. The next morning, with a renewed spirit, he set forth and continued his journey to Jhok Sharif. Along the way, he met Deen Muhammad once again. Upon reaching Jhok, he visited the shrine of Shah Inayat, the revered martyr and Sufi, where he found immense peace and tranquility in his prayers.
Upon his arrival in Jhok Sharif, Syed Rakhyal Shah presented himself before a spiritual master. He humbly sat on a mat under the shade of a kabar tree. An elderly pir (saint) approached him and inquired about his background and purpose. After learning of Syed Rakhyal Shah's journey, the elder informed Syed Noorani of his arrival.
After partaking in the communal Nangar meal, Syed Rakhyal Shah was invited to the gathering of Syed Noorani. However, for the next three days, Syed Noorani did not engage with him, and his presence seemed to go unnoticed. On the third day, when Syed Rakhyal Shah once again entered the gathering, Syed Noorani stood up, called him by name, embraced him, and seated him by his side. He then addressed the assembly, saying:
We only distribute the sacred Sawa Kasira (spiritual food) of our esteemed elder to those who are true spiritual descendants of his lineage. This man is one of them. He is the descendant of the noble elder of Kasir."
Syed Noorani then invited Syed Rakhyal Shah to stay as a guest at the house of Mian Aziz Shah, where they would engage in deep spiritual discussions and explore the sacred teachings. During these conversations, there was talk of receiving the sacred book of Sawa Kasira as a blessed gift.
That night, Syed Noorani took Syed Rakhyal Shah's hand and imparted spiritual guidance (tawjeeh), saying, "This sacred remembrance is passed down from the Night of Ascension (Shab-e-Miraj), from the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Twelve Imams. It has been entrusted to us as a sacred trust." This marked the formal bay‘ah (spiritual allegiance) of Syed Rakhyal Shah into the Qadiriyya Alia Sufi Order, solidifying his place in the spiritual lineage of the revered saints.
Through this sacred connection, Syed Rakhyal Shah’s journey found its ultimate purpose, and he entered the blessed path of spiritual guidance and service to the Divine. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Return to Homeland | Return to Homeland
Following his spiritual initiation, Syed Abdul Sattar Noorani instructed Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah to recite Surah Al-Muzzammil twelve times while seated on a prayer mat. A few days later, Syed Noorani pointed to his belongings and said, “This is your travel baggage; you now have permission to return to your homeland.”
With only five rupees in hand, Syed Rakhyal Shah set off for his homeland, accompanied by Bacchal Faqir. Their journey led them to Jhampir, where Syed Rakhyal Shah helped people cross the Chariwari Patan (a grassy river crossing). During their stay, one afternoon in the nearby forest, Syed Rakhyal Shah overheard a majzub (ecstatic mystic) uttering a profound line:
The youth is climbing a new ladder,
Soon he will come to know of the hidden path.”
After assisting people in crossing the river, Bacchal Faqir returned to the shrine, while Syed Rakhyal Shah boarded a train from Kotri Station. He traveled to Nai Dheri, continuing his journey until he arrived at the shrine of Mahmood Awliya, where he was reunited with his family.
Syed Rakhyal Shah also stayed with his brother, Ghous Bakhsh, in Naushahro. It was there that the mysterious words of the majzub began to unfold. His son, Mian Shah Wali Shah, who had just participated in a celebration and had freshly applied mehndi (henna) on his hands, suddenly fell ill. Despite all efforts, he passed away, leaving this world for the eternal realm.
Following this tragedy, Syed Rakhyal Shah handed over the wedding gifts to his other son and decided to settle in Fatehpur, near the sacred site of the Sawa Kasira elders. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Longing for the Spiritual Master and Farewell to [[Jhok]] Sharif | Longing for the Spiritual Master and Farewell to Jhok Sharif
After the death of his son, Syed Rakhyal Shah remained in Fatehpur for several months. Yet, the deep longing to be in the presence of his spiritual master (Murshid) grew within him. Driven by this yearning, he set off once again for Jhok Sharif, Miranpur, to seek solace in the company of Syed Abdul Sattar Noorani.
Upon reaching Jhok Sharif, Syed Rakhyal Shah took his customary seat on the mat (jatin) in the court of Syed Abdul Sattar Noorani. After some time, Syed Noorani instructed him to return to Fatehpur and continue his mission of spreading spiritual knowledge and guidance. After staying in Jhok Sharif for two to three days, Syed Rakhyal Shah bid farewell to his Murshid and set off for his village, Fateh Pur Sharif, to fulfill his sacred task of guiding others on the path of spirituality. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Withdrawal from Worldly Life | Withdrawal from Worldly Life
After his spiritual awakening, Syed Rakhyal Shah renounced all worldly ties and chose to live in Fatehpur in a state of spiritual ecstasy (majzubiyat). Detached from material life, he immersed himself completely in his spiritual practice, focusing on inner peace and divine connection. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | [[Majzub]] Abdul Aziz’s Mention of Wilayah | Majzub Abdul Aziz’s Mention of Wilayah
One day, Majzub Abdul Aziz, accompanied by Syed Rahim Ali Shah, visited the shrine of the revered saint Sawa Kasiri. As they departed, Majzub Abdul Aziz made a profound statement:
This place will one day shine with great spiritual glory.”
Syed Rahim Ali Shah, surprised, asked, “Who could be greater than the saint Sawa Kasiri himself?”
To this, Majzub Abdul Aziz responded:
After my death, this spiritual radiance will appear. It is meant for Syed Rakhyal Shah, the blessed one.” |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Divine Vision During Meditation | Divine Vision During Meditation
On another occasion, Syed Rakhyal Shah entered deep meditation (muraqaba) at Parsan Graveyard in Bhag, seated near the graves of Ghulam Muhammad Wanjari and Hafiz Jeevan. While in this meditative state, he experienced a divine vision. A radiant elder with a white beard appeared before him, holding a staff. Atop the staff was a crown-like cap, and in his other hand, the elder carried a bowl containing blessed grains.
The elder addressed Syed Rakhyal Shah, saying:
Take whichever of the two you prefer.”
Syed Rakhyal Shah extended his hand and accepted the bowl. The elder then stepped forward slightly and said:
You chose the bowl, but you did not take the crown that sat atop the staff.”
With that, the elder vanished from sight, leaving Syed Rakhyal Shah in a state of deep contemplation. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | Return to [[Jhok]] and Interpretation of the Vision | Return to Jhok and Interpretation of the Vision
A few days after the vision, Syed Rakhyal Shah traveled once again to Jhok Sharif to seek guidance from his spiritual master, Syed Abdul Sattar Noorani. After recounting his vision, Syed Abdul Sattar Noorani interpreted the experience, saying:
It was wise of you to choose the bowl, for it represents eternal bliss and spiritual fulfillment. The crown, on the other hand, symbolized worldly kingship—fleeting and perishable.
Now return to Fatehpur and begin the work of the spiritual kitchen (nangarbathi). God willing, the blessings of the bowl shall remain with you until the Day of Judgment.”
With these words, Syed Rakhyal Shah received further spiritual guidance, understanding that his path lay in the pursuit of divine fulfillment rather than worldly power. |
Draft:Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah Sufi Al Qadri | The Impact of the Keuli Sermon and Return to Homeland | The Impact of the Keuli Sermon and Return to Homeland
One day, during a spiritual gathering (kachehri), Syed Abdul Sattar Noorani was present when a Hindu khalifah approached him, reporting that a dog had died near the baking ovens (batti), and no one was willing to remove the carcass. In response, Hazrat Syed Rakhyal Shah said:
Then you should remove it and cleanse the place.”
Afterward, he humbly requested:
The responsibility of the langar (community kitchen) should be entrusted to the Muslims rather than the Hindus.”
Upon hearing this, Syed Noorani, in a moment of intensity, asked:
Before speaking, have you even seen the teats of a Keuli (a small goat)?”
This stern statement caused Syed Rakhyal Shah to feel deeply distressed. He experienced profound sorrow, as though he were withering from within. After the gathering, he quietly made his way to the blessed shrine, paid his respects, and rested there.
For the next four days, he remained in a state of inward reflection. Then, with the permission of his Murshid, he departed for Fatehpur and returned safely to his village. The lesson from the Keuli’s teats had a profound impact on him. It led him to adopt a life of extreme humility, perceiving himself as dust beneath the feet of others. He came to understand that true spiritual awareness could only be attained through the humility of the dust that touches the teats of a Keuli. |
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