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Draft:Emmanuel Benny | Emmanuel Benny
Emmanuel Benny, also known online as Manny or 2xbenny, is a Kenyan private chef, digital content creator, and creative director. He is best known for his vibrant cooking videos that combine culinary creativity with lifestyle storytelling. Benny has worked with several prominent brands in Kenya and internationally and is gaining recognition for his unique blend of budget-friendly gourmet recipes, entertaining food challenges, and lifestyle vlogs.
Early Life and Education
Emmanuel Benny was born and raised in Kenya. From a young age, he showed a passion for cooking and creativity. He pursued his interest in the culinary arts alongside his education and gradually transitioned into digital content creation to share his food journey with a wider audience.
Career
Benny began posting cooking videos and lifestyle content under the username 2xbenny, quickly attracting a loyal following for his engaging personality and flavorful, accessible recipes. He often features dishes made with everyday ingredients, with a special focus on spices such as garam masala, paprika, coriander, and soy sauce.
In 2025, Benny gained wider attention after being appointed as the private chef for South African artist Busta 929 during the artist’s two-day stay in Kenya. His appointment further cemented his status in the East African culinary scene.
Benny is also the face of multiple brand campaigns and has expressed interest in partnering with brands such as Leleshwa Wines, Kisu Kenya, Von Electronics, and Tropical Heat. He previously worked on a creative skincare collaboration with CeraVe, producing a music video-style ‘day in the life’ campaign using Jack Harlow’s Same Guy.
Content and Style
Benny’s content blends food, humor, and relatable lifestyle elements. He is known for projects like his “Mystery Box Double Date” cooking challenge and a cooking show featuring 30-minute budget-friendly meals. He often incorporates home decor through his involvement with Roomifyed, a local home decor store.
In addition to food content, Benny shares moving and lifestyle experiences, planning to develop a series on moving houses and everyday living, aimed at younger audiences and aspiring creatives.
Personal Life
Emmanuel Benny maintains a strong online presence across platforms using the handle 2xbenny. Though known professionally as Emmanuel Benny, he often refers to himself as “Manny” in his content. | Emmanuel Benny
Emmanuel Benny, also known online as Manny or 2xbenny, is a Kenyan private chef, digital content creator, and creative director. He is best known for his vibrant cooking videos that combine culinary creativity with lifestyle storytelling. Benny has worked with several prominent brands in Kenya and internationally and is gaining recognition for his unique blend of budget-friendly gourmet recipes, entertaining food challenges, and lifestyle vlogs.
Early Life and Education
Emmanuel Benny was born and raised in Kenya. From a young age, he showed a passion for cooking and creativity. He pursued his interest in the culinary arts alongside his education and gradually transitioned into digital content creation to share his food journey with a wider audience.
Career
Benny began posting cooking videos and lifestyle content under the username 2xbenny, quickly attracting a loyal following for his engaging personality and flavorful, accessible recipes. He often features dishes made with everyday ingredients, with a special focus on spices such as garam masala, paprika, coriander, and soy sauce.
In 2025, Benny gained wider attention after being appointed as the private chef for South African artist Busta 929 during the artist’s two-day stay in Kenya. His appointment further cemented his status in the East African culinary scene.
Benny is also the face of multiple brand campaigns and has expressed interest in partnering with brands such as Leleshwa Wines, Kisu Kenya, Von Electronics, and Tropical Heat. He previously worked on a creative skincare collaboration with CeraVe, producing a music video-style ‘day in the life’ campaign using Jack Harlow’s Same Guy.
Content and Style
Benny’s content blends food, humor, and relatable lifestyle elements. He is known for projects like his “Mystery Box Double Date” cooking challenge and a cooking show featuring 30-minute budget-friendly meals. He often incorporates home decor through his involvement with Roomifyed, a local home decor store.
In addition to food content, Benny shares moving and lifestyle experiences, planning to develop a series on moving houses and everyday living, aimed at younger audiences and aspiring creatives.
Personal Life
Emmanuel Benny maintains a strong online presence across platforms using the handle 2xbenny. Though known professionally as Emmanuel Benny, he often refers to himself as “Manny” in his content. |
Draft:Emmanuel Benny | Table of Content | Emmanuel Benny
Emmanuel Benny, also known online as Manny or 2xbenny, is a Kenyan private chef, digital content creator, and creative director. He is best known for his vibrant cooking videos that combine culinary creativity with lifestyle storytelling. Benny has worked with several prominent brands in Kenya and internationally and is gaining recognition for his unique blend of budget-friendly gourmet recipes, entertaining food challenges, and lifestyle vlogs.
Early Life and Education
Emmanuel Benny was born and raised in Kenya. From a young age, he showed a passion for cooking and creativity. He pursued his interest in the culinary arts alongside his education and gradually transitioned into digital content creation to share his food journey with a wider audience.
Career
Benny began posting cooking videos and lifestyle content under the username 2xbenny, quickly attracting a loyal following for his engaging personality and flavorful, accessible recipes. He often features dishes made with everyday ingredients, with a special focus on spices such as garam masala, paprika, coriander, and soy sauce.
In 2025, Benny gained wider attention after being appointed as the private chef for South African artist Busta 929 during the artist’s two-day stay in Kenya. His appointment further cemented his status in the East African culinary scene.
Benny is also the face of multiple brand campaigns and has expressed interest in partnering with brands such as Leleshwa Wines, Kisu Kenya, Von Electronics, and Tropical Heat. He previously worked on a creative skincare collaboration with CeraVe, producing a music video-style ‘day in the life’ campaign using Jack Harlow’s Same Guy.
Content and Style
Benny’s content blends food, humor, and relatable lifestyle elements. He is known for projects like his “Mystery Box Double Date” cooking challenge and a cooking show featuring 30-minute budget-friendly meals. He often incorporates home decor through his involvement with Roomifyed, a local home decor store.
In addition to food content, Benny shares moving and lifestyle experiences, planning to develop a series on moving houses and everyday living, aimed at younger audiences and aspiring creatives.
Personal Life
Emmanuel Benny maintains a strong online presence across platforms using the handle 2xbenny. Though known professionally as Emmanuel Benny, he often refers to himself as “Manny” in his content. |
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | AfC submission | Lorenzo Maria Lorusso (born 6 January 2000) is an Italian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 1,087, achieved on 27 January 2025, and a doubles ranking of No. 659, achieved on 21 April 2025. |
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | Early life | Early life
Lorusso is from Apulia. He played for Circolo Tennis Maglie, and studied sports law and management at the University of Salento. |
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | Professional career | Professional career
In April 2024, he and Samuele Pieri reached the doubles final of the M25 Fortevillage ITF Trophy in Santa Margherita di Pula, but lost to compatriots Luca Potenza and Stefano Reitano. That July, he reached two M15 doubles finals; in Gubbio, he reached the final with Alessandro Coccioli, and in Perugia, he reached the final with Felipe Virgili Berini. |
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | ITF World Tennis Tour finals | ITF World Tennis Tour finals |
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | Doubles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups) | Doubles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups)
Legend ITF WTT (2–3)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Partner Opponents Score Win 1–0 M15 Monastir, Tunisia WTT Hard Andrea Bacaloni Mehdi Benchakroun Yassine Dlimi 6–3, 6–4 Loss 1–1 M25 Santa Margherita di Pula, Italy WTT Clay Samuele Pieri Luca Potenza Stefano Reitano 2–6, 4–6 Loss 1–2 M15 Gubbio, Italy WTT Clay Alessandro Coccioli Leonardo Malgaroli Giulio Perego 4–6, 3–6 Loss 1–3 M15 Perugia, Italy WTT Clay Felipe Virgili Berini Jacopo Bilardo Gianluca Cadenasso 3–6, 1–6 Win 2–3 M15 Stellenbosch, South Africa WTT Hard Abraham Asaba Alec Beckley Vasilios Caripi 6–4, 6–3 |
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | References | References |
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | External links | External links
|
Draft:Lorenzo Lorusso | Table of Content | AfC submission, Early life, Professional career, ITF World Tennis Tour finals, Doubles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups), References, External links |
K. M. Aminul Haque | Infobox person
| KM Aminul Haque (also known as Rajab Ali) is a Bangladeshi national who was convicted of crimes against humanity committed during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. He was sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal on 5 November 2018. |
K. M. Aminul Haque | Early life | Early life
Haque was born in Austagram Upazila, Kishoreganj District. He was a student of the Gurudayal Government College. He was an activist of East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha, the student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami. |
K. M. Aminul Haque | Career | Career
During the Bangladesh Liberation War, Haque was a local commander of the paramilitary group Al-Badr in the then Kishoreganj Sub-Division (now District). According to tribunal findings, he was involved in murder, looting, arson, torture, and kidnapping in various areas, including Kishoreganj, Bhairab, Brahmanbaria, and Habiganj.
Haque reportedly received arms training at a Pakistan Army camp in Bhairab in 1971, after which he led a local unit of Al-Badr. He and his associates were found responsible for the killing of numerous civilians, including members of the Hindu community and Muslims. According to the prosecutors, 43 Hindus were killed in a raid on Krishnapur village in which he commanded along with Liakat.
After the Independence of Bangladesh, Haque surrendered to the Joint Forces on 18 December 1971. He was initially charged under the Bangladesh Collaborators Act in 1972 and sentenced to 40 years of imprisonment. In 1981, he was released through a clemency by President Ziaur Rahman and later moved abroad, reportedly to a Middle Eastern country and Pakistan. He wrote Al-Badr Bolchhi (I am Al-Badr speaking) about his work in the Al-Badr paramilitary. He also wrote Dui Polashi, Dui Mir Jafa. Both books spoke against the Bangladesh Liberation War and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He opened a medicine shop in Elephant Road, Dhaka.
Haque contested the General Election June 1996 as a candidate of the Islamic Sashantantrik Andolan from Kishoreganj-5. He finished 7th with 568 votes and lost to Mohammad Abdul Hamid of the Awami League who received 54,073. He returned to Dhaka in 1997. He last visited Pakistan in 2000.
In 2014, the International Crimes Tribunal began investigating Haque’s activities during the war. He went into hiding in Dhanmondi and Kalabagan with his wife. They were financed by their daughters living outside of Bangladesh. He was indicted in 2015 and sentenced to death in 2018. He evaded arrest and remained a fugitive until 2 July 2022, when the Rapid Action Battalion arrested him in the Kalabagan area of Dhaka. |
K. M. Aminul Haque | Personal life | Personal life
Haque is married and has two daughters. His daughters live in Singapore and Australia. |
K. M. Aminul Haque | References | References
Category:Living people
Category:Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes
Category:Bangladesh Liberation War prisoners of war
Category:People from Kishoreganj District
Category:1971 Bangladesh genocide perpetrators |
K. M. Aminul Haque | Table of Content | Infobox person
, Early life, Career, Personal life, References |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Unity Communications | [[:Unity Communications]] | :Unity Communications
– (View AfDView log | edits since nomination)
()
Fails WP:NCORP. Sourced to PR announcements (fail WP:ORGIND) and "top X companies" type lists (not WP:SIGCOV per WP:ORGTRIV) ~ A412 talk! 18:36, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Companies, Philippines, Mexico, United States of America, and Arizona. ~ A412 talk! 18:36, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
Delete as it reads like an ad and most sources seem to come from the company itself. Afonso Dimas Martins (talk) 20:01, 1 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Unity Communications | Table of Content | [[:Unity Communications]] |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | Short description | The 103rd Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois House and Illinois Senate, convened on January 11, 2023, and adjourned sine die on January 7, 2025.
The membership of the 103rd General Assembly was decided by the 2022 elections. The election resulted in the Democratic supermajority losing one seat in the Senate to the Republican party and gaining five seats in the House of Representatives. |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | Senate | Senate |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | Party composition | Party composition
thumb|upright=1.5|Map of 2022 Illinois Senate election results
All of the Senate's 59 members were up for election in the 2022 Illinois Senate election. Two seats in the Senate changed hands from the Democratic to the Republican party, and one seat changed hands from the Republican party to the Democratic party.
Affiliation Members Democratic Party40 Republican Party19Total59 |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | House | House |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | Party composition | Party composition
thumb|upright=1.5|Map of 2022 Illinois House election results.
The House of the 103rd General Assembly consisted of 40 Republicans and 78 Democrats. The party composition reflected the results of the 2022 election.
Affiliation Members Democratic Party78 Republican Party40Total118 |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | See also | See also
List of Illinois state legislatures |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | References | References
Category:2023 in Illinois
Category:2024 in Illinois
Category:Illinois legislative sessions
Illinois
Illinois |
103rd Illinois General Assembly | Table of Content | Short description, Senate, Party composition, House, Party composition, See also, References |
History of cinema of India | For | The history of cinema in India extends to the beginning of the film era. Following the screening of the Lumière and Robert Paul moving pictures in London in 1896, commercial cinematography became a worldwide sensation and these films were shown in Bombay (now Mumbai) that same year.Burra & Rao, 252 |
History of cinema of India | Silent era (1890s–1920s) | Silent era (1890s–1920s)
In 1897, a film presentation by filmmaker Professor Stevenson featured a stage show at Calcutta's Star Theatre. With Stevenson's camera and encouragement, Indian photographer Hiralal Sen filmed scenes from that show, exhibited as The Flower of Persia (1898). The Wrestlers (1899), by H. S. Bhatavdekar, showing a wrestling match at the Hanging Gardens in Bombay, was the first film to be shot by an Indian and the first Indian documentary film. From 1913 to 1931, all the movies made in India were silent films, which had no sound and had intertitles.
History of Indian cinema
In 1913, Dadasaheb Phalke released Raja Harishchandra (1913) in Bombay, the first film made in India. It was a silent film incorporating English, Marathi, and Hindi intertitles. It was premiered in Coronation cinema in Girgaon.Burra & Rao, 253
Although some claim Shree Pundalik (1912) of Dadasaheb Torne as the first film ever made in India, some film scholars have argued that Pundalik was not a true Indian film because it was simply a recording of a stage play, filmed by a British cameraman and it was processed in London. Raja Harishchandra of Phalke had a story based on Hindu Sanskrit legend of Harishchandra, a truthful King and its success led many to consider him a pioneer of Indian cinema. Phalke used an all Indian crew including actors Anna Salunke and D. D. Dabke. He directed, edited, processed the film himself. Phalke saw The Life of Christ (1906) by the French director Alice Guy-Blaché, While watching Jesus on the screen, Phalke envisioned Hindu deities Rama and Krishna instead and decided to start in the business of "moving pictures".
In South India, film pioneer Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu, credited as the father of Telugu cinema, built the first cinemas in Madras (now Chennai), and a film studio was established in the city by Nataraja Mudaliar. In 1921, Naidu produced the silent film, Bhishma Pratigna, generally considered to be the first Telugu feature film.
The first Tamil and Malayalam films, also silent films, were Keechaka Vadham (1917–1918, R. Nataraja Mudaliar) and Vigathakumaran (1928, J. C. Daniel Nadar). The latter was the first Indian social drama film and featured the first Dalit-caste film actress.
The first chain of Indian cinemas, Madan Theatre, was owned by Parsi entrepreneur Jamshedji Framji Madan, who oversaw the production and distribution of films for the chain. These included film adaptations from Bengal's popular literature and Satyawadi Raja Harishchandra (1917), a remake of Phalke's influential film.
Films steadily gained popularity across India as affordable entertainment for the masses (admission as low as an anna [one-sixteenth of a rupee] in Bombay). Young producers began to incorporate elements of Indian social life and culture into cinema, others brought new ideas from across the world. Global audiences and markets soon became aware of India's film industry.Burra & Rao, 252–253
In 1927, the British government, to promote the market in India for British films over American ones, formed the Indian Cinematograph Enquiry Committee. The ICC consisted of three British and three Indians, led by T. Rangachari, a Madras lawyer. This committee failed to bolster the desired recommendations of supporting British Film, instead recommending support for the fledgling Indian film industry, and their suggestions were set aside. |
History of cinema of India | Sound era | Sound era
The first Indian sound film was Alam Ara (1931) made by Ardeshir Irani. Ayodhyecha Raja (1932) was the first sound film of Marathi cinema. Irani also produced South India's first sound film, the Tamil–Telugu bilingual talking picture Kalidas (1931, H. M. Reddy).[Narayanan, Arandhai (2008) (in Tamil) Arambakala Tamil Cinema (1931–1941). Chennai: Vijaya Publications. pp. 10–11. ISBN].
The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada (1932), was directed by H. M. Reddy, who directed the first bilingual (Telugu and Tamil) talkie Kalidas (1931). East India Film Company produced its first Telugu film, Savitri (1933, C. Pullayya), adapted from a stage play by Mylavaram Bala Bharathi Samajam. The film received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice International Film Festival. Chittoor Nagayya was one of the first multilingual filmmakers in India.
Jumai Shasthi was the first Bengali short film as a talkie.
Jyoti Prasad Agarwala made his first film Joymoti (1935) in Assamese, and later made Indramalati. The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone, was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh. The advent of sound to Indian cinema launched musicals such as Indra Sabha and Devi Devyani, marking the beginning of song-and-dance in Indian films. By 1935, studios emerged in major cities such as Madras, Calcutta and Bombay as filmmaking became an established industry, exemplified by the success of Devdas (1935).Burra & Rao, 254 The first colour film made in India was Kisan Kanya (1937, Moti B). Viswa Mohini (1940) was the first Indian film to depict the Indian movie-making world.
Swamikannu Vincent, who had built the first cinema of South India in Coimbatore, introduced the concept of "tent cinema" in which a tent was erected on a stretch of open land to screen films. The first of its kind was in Madras and called Edison's Grand Cinema Megaphone. This was due to the fact that electric carbons were used for motion picture projectors. Bombay Talkies opened in 1934 and Prabhat Studios in Pune began production of Marathi films. Sant Tukaram (1936) was the first Indian film to be screened at an international film festival, at the 1937 edition of the Venice Film Festival. The film was judged one of the three best films of the year. However, while Indian filmmakers sought to tell important stories, the British Raj banned Wrath (1930) and Raithu Bidda (1938) for broaching the subject of the Indian independence movement.
The Indian Masala film—a term used for mixed-genre films that combined song, dance, romance, etc.—arose following the Second World War. During the 1940s, cinema in South India accounted for nearly half of India's cinema halls, and cinema came to be viewed as an instrument of cultural revival. The Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), an art movement with a communist inclination, began to take shape through the 1940s and the 1950s.Rajadhyaksa, 679 IPTA plays, such as Nabanna (1944), prepared the ground for realism in Indian cinema, exemplified by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas's Dharti Ke Lal (Children of the Earth, 1946). The IPTA movement continued to emphasise realism in films Mother India (1957) and Pyaasa (1957), among India's most recognisable cinematic productions.Rajadhyaksa, 681
Following independence, the 1947 partition of India divided the nation's assets and a number of studios moved to Pakistan. Partition became an enduring film subject thereafter. The Indian government had established a Films Division by 1948, which eventually became one of the world's largest documentary film producers with an annual production of over 200 short documentaries, each released in 18 languages with 9,000 prints for permanent film theatres across the country.Rajadhyaksa, 681–683 |
History of cinema of India | Golden Age (late 1940s–1960s) | Golden Age (late 1940s–1960s)
right|thumb|305x305px|Satyajit Ray is recognised as one of the greatest filmmakers of the 20th century.
The period from the late 1940s to the early 1960s is regarded by film historians as the Golden Age of Indian cinema. This period saw the emergence of the parallel cinema movement, which emphasised social realism. Mainly led by Bengalis, early examples include Dharti Ke Lal (1946, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas), Neecha Nagar (1946, Chetan Anand),Maker of innovative, meaningful movies. The Hindu, 15 June 2007 Nagarik (1952, Ritwik Ghatak) and Do Bigha Zamin (1953, Bimal Roy), laying the foundations for Indian neorealism
The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959, Satyajit Ray) won prizes at several major international film festivals and firmly established the parallel cinema movement.Rajadhyaksa, 683 It was influential on world cinema and led to a rush of coming-of-age films in art house theatres. Cinematographer Subrata Mitra developed the technique of bounce lighting, to recreate the effect of daylight on sets, during the second film of the trilogy and later pioneered other effects such as the photo-negative flashbacks and X-ray digressions.
During the 1950s, Indian cinema reportedly became the world's second largest film industry, earning a gross annual income of in 1953. The government created the Film Finance Corporation (FFC) in 1960 to provide financial support to filmmakers.Rajadhyaksa, 684 While serving as Information and Broadcasting Minister of India in the 1960s, Indira Gandhi supported the production of off-beat cinema through the FFC.
Baburao Patel of Filmindia called B. N. Reddy's Malliswari (1951) an "inspiring motion picture" which would "save us the blush when compared with the best of motion pictures of the world". Film historian Randor Guy called Malliswari scripted by Devulapalli Krishnasastri a "poem in celluloid, told with rare artistic finesse, which lingers long in the memory".
Commercial Hindi cinema began thriving, including acclaimed films Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959, Guru Dutt) Awaara (1951) and Shree 420 (1955, Raj Kapoor). These films expressed social themes mainly dealing with working-class urban life in India; Awaara presented Bombay as both a nightmare and a dream, while Pyaasa critiqued the unreality of city life.
Epic film Mother India (1957, Mehboob Khan) was the first Indian film to be nominated for the US-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and defined the conventions of Hindi cinema for decades. It spawned a new genre of dacoit films. Gunga Jumna (1961, Dilip Kumar) was a dacoit crime drama about two brothers on opposite sides of the law, a theme that became common in Indian films in the 1970s. Madhumati (1958, Bimal Roy) popularised the theme of reincarnation in Western popular culture.
Actor Dilip Kumar rose to fame in the 1950s, and was the biggest Indian movie star of the time. He was a pioneer of method acting, predating Hollywood method actors such as Marlon Brando. Much like Brando's influence on New Hollywood actors, Kumar inspired Hindi actors, including Amitabh Bachchan, Naseeruddin Shah, Shah Rukh Khan and Nawazuddin Siddiqui.
Neecha Nagar (1946) won the Palme d'Or at Cannes and Indian films competed for the award most years in the 1950s and early 1960s. Ray is regarded as one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema, along with his contemporaries Dutt and Ghatak. In 1992, the Sight & Sound Critics' Poll ranked Ray at 7 in its list of Top 10 Directors of all time. Multiple films from this era are included among the greatest films of all time in various critics' and directors' polls, including The Apu Trilogy, Jalsaghar, Charulata Aranyer Din Ratri, Pyaasa, Kaagaz Ke Phool, Meghe Dhaka Tara, Komal Gandhar, Awaara, Baiju Bawra, Mother India, Mughal-e-Azam and Subarnarekha (also tied at No. 11).
Sivaji Ganesan became India's first actor to receive an international award when he won the Best Actor award at the Afro-Asian film festival in 1960 and was awarded the title of Chevalier in the Legion of Honour by the French Government in 1995. Tamil cinema is influenced by Dravidian politics,Gokulsing & Dissanayake, 132–133 with prominent film personalities C N Annadurai, M G Ramachandran, M Karunanidhi and Jayalalithaa becoming Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu. |
History of cinema of India | References | References
History |
History of cinema of India | Table of Content | For, Silent era (1890s–1920s), Sound era, Golden Age (late 1940s–1960s), References |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | AfC submission | The defence industry of Vietnam encompasses the research, development, and manufacturing of military arms and technology by Vietnam’s government-affiliated entities. It is largely state-owned and managed by the Ministry of National Defence, with a focus on achieving self-sufficiency in armaments. Historically, Vietnam has been a major importer of weapons – between 2010 and 2022 it ranked among the top six arms importers in the Asia-Pacific region
, relying heavily on Russian-made equipment (about 81.5% of Vietnam’s arms imports from 1995–2022 came from Russia). In recent years, however, Vietnam has embarked on ambitious programs to build a modern, self-reliant defence industry by 2030, capable of producing advanced weapons for its own armed forces and reducing dependence on foreign suppliers. The government also views the sector as having dual-use potential for both military and civilian economic benefits, and has signaled the intent to eventually export Vietnamese-made defense products
. This drive has been marked by increased investment in domestic R&D, the showcasing of locally made weapons at international arms fairs, and high-level policies to integrate Vietnam’s defense industry into global supply chains. |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Historical development | Historical development |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Feudal dynasties | Feudal dynasties
Đại Việt has a relatively early history of using gunpowder weapons. At the end of the 14th century, king Po Binasuor of Champa, while surveying the Hải Triều River, died in battle when he was hit by a hand cannon from the Trần army. In the Hồ dynasty, Hồ Nguyên Trừng successfully invented the Thần Cơ Sang cannon. By the time of the Lê Sơ period, gunpowder weapons began to be widely used in the army. In Thailand, a gun initially thought to have originated in China was discovered, however, based on the inscriptions on the gun, it was confirmed to be of Đại Việt origin. This is most likely a relic from the invasion of the Lanna kingdom (present day Chiang Mai) under Lê Thánh Tông from 1479–1484.
By the 16th century, when Europeans came to Đại Việt for trading, Western weapons were purchased by the Trịnh and Nguyễn lords to equip their armies, and muskets began to be imported into Đại Việt ever since. Tomé Pires in his Suma Oriental (1515) mentioned that Cochinchina had an innumerable number of musketeers and small bombards, and that a lot of gunpowder was used in warfare and amusements. The Đại Việt musket was not only used domestically, but it was also introduced to China after the border conflicts between the Mạc dynasty and ethnic minorities in Guangxi and Yunnan.
thumb|Two Vietnamese arquebuses with their dust cover. From Cornelis Tromp's weapon rack, dated 1650–1679 AD.
thumb|Two Vietnamese matchlock guns (first and second from above).
The Jiaozhi arquebus was not only appreciated by the Chinese, but also highly praised especially by Western observers for its high accuracy from what they saw in the Lê-Mạc and Trịnh-Nguyễn wars. The Ming dynasty also rated Đại Việt arquebus as "the best gun in the world", even surpassing the Ottoman gun, the Japanese gun and the European gun.The Đại Việt gun can penetrate several layers of iron armor and can kill from 2 to 5 people with one single bullet while not emitting any loud sounds when fired. A Qing-era record, 南越筆記 (Nányuè bǐjì) linked the Vietnam arquebus with Java arquebus. |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | First Indochina War | First Indochina War
Vietnam’s moddern defense industry traces its roots to the First Indochina War (1946–1954) and the Vietnam War (1955–1975), when the country (then North Vietnam) established rudimentary arms workshops to support its military efforts. During this period, Vietnamese technicians produced basic munitions, homemade explosives, and refurbished captured equipment to supplement supplies from abroad.
During the resistance war against the French, due to limited access to foreign weapon supplies, most of Vietnam's weapons came either from spoils of war captured after battles or from military workshops located in safe zones. During this period, the primary task of Vietnam’s military industry was to research and produce anti-tank weapons based on bazooka models seized from French forces. This task was assigned to a research team led by Trần Đại Nghĩa, a Vietnamese engineer who had returned from France. The work began in November 1946 and continued until February 1947, with the resulting weapons tested in combat during the war against the French, and later deployed in the Việt Bắc Campaign of 1947. The research team also successfully developed recoilless rifles designated as SKZ, with calibers of 60mm, 81mm and 120mm. These weapons were widely used by Việt Minh units throughout the war.
In addition, the Việt Minh also produced a large quantity of explosives such as landmines and grenades in military workshops located in liberated zones. These weapons were manufactured using cast iron sourced from metallurgy facilities in Interzone IV, and explosives repurposed from bombs and unexploded ordnance left behind by French forces. Although rudimentary, these weapons were widely used in ambush operations conducted by guerrilla units and inflicted significant damage on French troops.
At other infantry weapons workshops, the military also produced a number of improvised small arms, notably submachine guns modeled after the Sten gun, as well as various types of pistols. In addition, infantry ammunition was also manufactured on a small scale in these military workshops at the time. |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Vietnam War | Vietnam War
During this period, several factories in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV), with support from socialist allies, began producing a limited number of light weapons such as SKS
, AK-47 and TUL-1 light machine guns in Factory Z1. In addition, infantry ammunition was produced on a larger scale at facilities such as Factory Z113 and Factory Z114, contributing significantly to the logistical needs of the People's Army of Vietnam. Nonetheless, the bulk of heavy arms – from rifles to artillery and aircraft – were provided by socialist allies, and the indigenous industrial base remained limited in scope and technology.
At this time, weapons production activities in the southern battlefield of Vietnam were relatively rudimentary. They primarily focused on manufacturing improvised weapons such as landmines and grenades, along with limited production of copied firearms based on captured models such as the M1911 pistol and MAT-49 submachine gun
. Some workshops also modified captured weapons to be compatible with ammunition supplied by allied countries or adapted firearms such as the M1 Garand to suit specific battlefield conditions. |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Product | Product |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Small arm | Small arm |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Pistol | Pistol
SN-9
SN-19: A clone of Glock 17 Gen 5 produced by Z111 Factory
SN-19T: Steel frame version of SN-19. |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Submachine gun | Submachine gun
SN-7P
SN-9P
TL-K12
STL-MK4 |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | References | References |
Draft:Defence industry of Vietnam | Table of Content | AfC submission, Historical development, Feudal dynasties, First Indochina War, Vietnam War, Product, Small arm, Pistol, Submachine gun, References |
Quch Hesar, Alborz | Short description | Quch Hesar () is a village in Najmabad Rural District of the Central District in Nazarabad County, Alborz province, Iran. |
Quch Hesar, Alborz | Demographics | Demographics |
Quch Hesar, Alborz | Population | Population
The village did not appear in the 2006 National Census, when it was in Tankaman District of Tehran province. The rural district was separated from the district to join the Central District in 2008. In 2010, the county was separated from the province in the establishment of Alborz province. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 109 people in 31 households. |
Quch Hesar, Alborz | See also | See also |
Quch Hesar, Alborz | References | References
Category:Populated places in Nazarabad County |
Quch Hesar, Alborz | Table of Content | Short description, Demographics, Population, See also, References |
Manis mysteria | short description | Manis mysteria, the cryptic pangolin, is a pangolin in the family Manidae that is native to an unknown location within Asia. It is only known from partial specimens and the species has never been observed alive. |
Manis mysteria | Discovery and naming | Discovery and naming
Manis mysteria is known from twenty-seven scales confiscated in 2012 and 2013 in Hong Kong, and a further six scales confiscated during 2015 and 2019 in Yunnan, China.
The scales were first identified as belonging to a new pangolin species by Zhang (2015), who identified a genotype lineage which could not be identified as belonging to any of the Asian pangolin species known at the time.
Tong-Tong (2023) described the scaled and assigned them to the a new species named Manis mysteria. |
Manis mysteria | Distribution and habitat | Distribution and habitat
Because Manis mysteria is only known from confiscated scales, its distribution across Asia remains unknown until live specimens are found. |
Manis mysteria | Conservation | Conservation
It is probably critically endangered because the species has a low genetic diversity and high levels of inbreeding.
Manis mysteria, much like every other species of pangolin, is considered critically endangered due to how sought after they are to hunters. Other than the meat, which is a delicacy in certain Asian cultures, Manis mysteria is almost certainly hunted for its scales, organs, and skin, which are used in traditional medicine. |
Manis mysteria | References | References
mysteria
Category:Mammals of Asia
Category:Mammals described in 2023 |
Manis mysteria | Table of Content | short description, Discovery and naming, Distribution and habitat, Conservation, References |
104th Illinois General Assembly | Short description | The 104th Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois House and Illinois Senate, convened on January 8, 2025 and will adjourn in 2027.
The membership of the 104th General Assembly was decided by the 2024 elections. The election resulted in the Democratic supermajority losing one seat in the Senate to the Republican party and gaining five seats in the House of Representatives. |
104th Illinois General Assembly | Senate | Senate |
104th Illinois General Assembly | Party composition | Party composition
thumb|upright=1.5|Map of 2024 Illinois Senate election results
23 out of 59 seats were up for for election in the 2024 Illinois Senate election. None of those seats changed party, and three new senators were elected.
Affiliation Members Democratic Party40 Republican Party19Total59 |
104th Illinois General Assembly | House | House |
104th Illinois General Assembly | Party composition | Party composition
thumb|upright=1.5|Map of 2024 Illinois House election results.
The House of the 104th General Assembly consists of 40 Republicans and 78 Democrats. The party composition reflected the results of the 2024 election, in which seven new representatives were elected and no seats changed parties.
Affiliation Members Democratic Party78 Republican Party40Total118 |
104th Illinois General Assembly | See also | See also
List of Illinois state legislatures |
104th Illinois General Assembly | References | References
Category:2025 in Illinois
Category:2026 in Illinois
Category:Illinois legislative sessions
Illinois
Illinois |
104th Illinois General Assembly | Table of Content | Short description, Senate, Party composition, House, Party composition, See also, References |
Draft:Tigo Bolivia | Short description | Tigo Bolivia is a mobile phone service provider company owned by the international mobile phone company Millicom International Cellular or just MIC. In 2005 Telecel changed its name to TIGO introducing its GSM Technology, new mobile phone sources, new mobile phones, more coverage, a new fresh look, and also new plans.
There are also other TIGO's in Latin America, in the Central American countries of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and also in the South American nations of Colombia, Paraguay.
TIGO Colombia is the biggest subsidiary of TIGO in the world with a base of 3 million subscribers
In Bolivia competitive mobile phone market TIGO's main rivals are:
The Bolivian Entel
The American Viva
The Bolivian FIJACOM
Tigo offers the following cellphone brands in Bolivia.
Alcatel
Honor
Huawei
LG
Motorola
Nokia
SAMSUNG
Tecno
Tigo Money
Bolivia has access to Tigo Money, an electronic wallet that allows users to carry out transactions such as sending and receiving money, paying utility bills, remittances, making payments at different businesses, loans, and recharging Tigo packages. You can register by downloading the Tigo Money app or from the Tigo Money web https://www.tigomoney.com/bo/ |
Draft:Tigo Bolivia | See also | See also
All the MIC services as Tigo in Latin America
El Salvador TIGO SV
Guatemala TIGO GT
Honduras TIGO HN
Colombia TIGO CO
Paraguay TIGO PY
Bolivia TIGO BO |
Draft:Tigo Bolivia | External links | External links
Tigo Bolivia
Tigo Money Bolivia
Category:Mobile phone companies of BoliviaCategory:Telecommunications companies of Bolivia
Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1990 |
Draft:Tigo Bolivia | Table of Content | Short description, See also, External links |
Amon Kemboi | Short description | Amon Kemboi (born 10 December 1995) is a Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner. Competing in the United States, he became the first man to earn five All-America honours for NCAA cross country running. |
Amon Kemboi | NCAA | NCAA
He is from Kapsabet, Kenya before racing in the college system in the United States. In March 2018, competing for Campbell University, he won All-American indoor honours in the 5000 metres. He was later voted the 2017-18 Big South Conference Men’s Runner of the Year. In 2019, he broke his own school record and set a new Big South Conference record, for the indoor mile run. He later also attended the University of Arkansas, for whom he was named the South Central Region Athlete of the Year twice by the United States Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association. Kemboi also became the first man to earn five All-America honours in NCAA cross country running. |
Amon Kemboi | Career | Career
In June 2023, he won the 1500 metres race at the Portland Track Festival in Oregon in 3:34.12, closing the race with 56.40s for the final 400m.
He finished third behind Josh Kerr and Josh Hoey at the New Balance 5th Avenue Mile in New York in September 2024. His time of 3:49.3 moved him into the all-time top-10 in the race's history.
In January 2025, he acted as pacemaker at the Houston Half Marathon as Conner Mantz broke the American half marathon national record.
In April 2025, he finished third at the Boston 5k, running a time of 13:37. He was added as a challenger to the men’s long-distance field at the 2025 Grand Slam Track event in Miami, held in May 2025. |
Amon Kemboi | References | References
Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Kenyan male long-distance runners
Category:21st-century Kenyan sportsmen |
Amon Kemboi | Table of Content | Short description, NCAA, Career, References |
Draft:Tmoney the 808 God | AFC submission |
Name: TJ Cummins
Stage Name: Tmoney the 808 God
Hometown: Rochester, Minnesota
Genres: Hip-Hop, Trap, Experimental Rap
Roles: Artist, Producer, Songwriter
TJ Cummins, known as Tmoney the 808 God, is a dynamic rapper, producer, and songwriter emerging from the Midwest with a bold sound defined by heavy 808s, moody atmospheres, and emotionally raw storytelling. Based in Rochester, MN, Tmoney brings a distinct voice to hip-hop, combining gritty trap influences with introspective lyricism and experimental production. His 2025 album PURPL PLANET showcases his versatility across standout tracks like “DIALTHEPHONE,” “Streethead,” “Pink Lemonade,” and “Angels.” Preceded by the 2024 EP Beautiful Chaos, Tmoney dives into themes of identity, mental health, and resilience, offering fans an honest look at his inner world.
Self-produced and self-driven, Tmoney’s music has gained traction on platforms like YouTube and SoundCloud, with viral singles such as “RUN IT UP” and “Self Control” contributing to his rising influence. His presence on TikTok, where his music has fueled over 5.6 million posts, speaks to his growing cultural impact. With an unmistakable Midwest sound and a rapidly expanding discography, Tmoney the 808 God is carving out his place as one of the most original and authentic voices in today’s underground hip-hop movement.
Notable Releases:
PURPL PLANET (2025)
Beautiful Chaos (2024)
“DIALTHEPHONE” (Single)
“RUN IT UP” (Single)
Streaming Platforms: Apple Music, Spotify, SoundCloud, YouTube, TIDAL, Amazon Music
Social Presence: Active on TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram
Contact & Booking: [Insert contact or management email here, if applicable]
Would you like me to format this into a downloadable PDF or press sheet layout as well?
You said:
expand more but get rid of the tiktok
ChatGPT said:
Absolutely — here's an expanded, professional press-kit style bio for Tmoney the 808 God without TikTok references:
Artist Bio – Tmoney the 808 God
Name: TJ Cummins
Stage Name: Tmoney the 808 God
Hometown: Rochester, Minnesota
Genres: Hip-Hop, Trap, Experimental Rap
Roles: Artist, Producer, Songwriter
TJ Cummins, professionally known as Tmoney the 808 God, is a boundary-pushing hip-hop artist and producer from Rochester, Minnesota. Known for his heavy 808-driven production, emotionally intense songwriting, and genre-blending soundscapes, Tmoney has emerged as one of the most unique voices in the Midwest underground rap scene. With a style that blends gritty trap beats, moody atmospheres, and melodic flows, his music speaks to personal struggle, ambition, and existential reflection—anchored by raw authenticity and a DIY ethos.
Tmoney made waves with his 2024 project Beautiful Chaos, a thematically rich, 8-track EP that delves into mental health, heartbreak, and self-discovery. It marked a turning point in his sound—melding vulnerable lyrics with cinematic, self-produced instrumentals. In 2025, he followed up with PURPL PLANET, a more expansive and sonically adventurous 9-track album featuring highlights like “DIALTHEPHONE,” “Pink Lemonade,” “Angels,” and “Streethead.” The project further showcased his growth as both a lyricist and producer, solidifying his reputation for pairing emotionally charged narratives with immersive, bass-heavy sound design.
Beyond full-length projects, Tmoney has released a growing list of impactful singles including “RUN IT UP,” “Self Control,” “Who is God,” and “Legacy”—songs that exemplify his introspective themes and evolving artistry. He produces the majority of his own work, giving him complete control over the sonic direction and allowing for a cohesive, signature sound that continues to evolve with each release.
Tmoney the 808 God’s music is available on all major streaming platforms including Apple Music, Spotify, SoundCloud, YouTube, Amazon Music, and TIDAL. His visual work, available on YouTube, complements the dark, raw energy of his tracks—further building his narrative as an uncompromising, authentic voice in today’s independent hip-hop landscape.
With roots in the Midwest and a sound that defies boundaries, Tmoney the 808 God is steadily building a reputation as an artist unafraid to experiment, reflect, and speak his truth—both behind the mic and behind the boards.
Notable Releases:
PURPL PLANET (2025)
Beautiful Chaos (2024)
“DIALTHEPHONE” (Single)
“RUN IT UP” (Single)
“Self Control” (Single)
“Who is God” (Single)
Streaming Platforms: Apple Music, Spotify, SoundCloud, YouTube, TIDAL, Amazon Music
Online Presence: YouTube, Instagram, SoundCloud
For Press, Booking & Collaborations:
+15072027691
https://music.apple.com/us/artist/tmoney-the-808-god/1743167045
https://music.apple.com/us/album/purpl-planet/1743167046
https://tidal.com/browse/credits/47391814
https://www.amazon.com/music/player/artists/B0D2PDQF16/tmoney-the-808-god |
Draft:Tmoney the 808 God | References | References |
Draft:Tmoney the 808 God | Table of Content | AFC submission, References |
Ralph L. Johnson | '''Ralph Lancelot Johnson''' | Ralph Lancelot Johnson ( Born 1940 Died May 27, 2020) was a Barbadian business person and sportsman. |
Ralph L. Johnson | Business Career | Business Career
Johnson was one of the founders of Harris Paints International ultimately becoming Chairman of the Company. He was still in the role of Chairman Emeritus on his death. https://championsofcolour.com/blogs/blog/ralph-johnson-founding-father-of-harris-paints-passes-away-at-age-80 |
Ralph L. Johnson | Sporting Activities | Sporting Activities
Johnson was a former President of the Barbados Yachting Association, the Barbados Squash Rackets Association, the Caribbean Area Squash Rackets Association and the Caribbean Yachting Association. He played basketball, football, water polo, and squash. He also participated in motor sport, and water skiing, golf and represented Barbados in boxing competition.https://carrgolf.com/rip-ralph-johnson-by-roddy-carr/https://olympic.org.bb/ralph-johnson-vice-president/ He served on the Barbados Olympic Association’s (BOA) Board for 34 years, 28 of which were as Vice President.https://www.barbadosadvocate.com/sports/farewell-ralph-%E2%80%98bruggadung%E2%80%99-johnsonIn 1997, he was awarded a Gold Crown of Merit by the government of Barbados for his contribution to business and sport.
He was one of the founding members of the Barbados Squash Club and was its President in the late 1970's.https://www.facebook.com/Squashinbarbados/posts/founding-member-mr-ralph-johnson-passesdear-membersit-is-with-deep-sadness-to-an/150775869847584/
As the owner and skipper of the yacht Rapajam he was in 2014 the holder of the 60 and Under Monohull Round Barbados Race Record.https://www.facebook.com/Squashinbarbados/posts/founding-member-mr-ralph-johnson-passesdear-membersit-is-with-deep-sadness-to-an/150775869847584/
Category:1940 births
Category:2007 deaths |
Ralph L. Johnson | Table of Content | '''Ralph Lancelot Johnson''', Business Career, Sporting Activities |
Draft:Transdiffusion Broadcasting System | AfC submission | https://transdiffusion.org/about/ :
Transdiffusion Broadcasting System was founded in 1964 by a group of school children led by Kif Bowden-Smith.https://thames.today/author/kiffrhttps://zenith1964.com/author/kifhttps://associatedtelevision.network/programmes/annual-report-1969/ They wanted to run their own radio station....In 1966, Transdiffusion began the National Radiotape Network, which provided private subscribers and hospital radio stations with regular ‘Radiotapes’ of general entertainment programmes created by the contributor members, who had developed individual brand names for themselves. These programmes were then edited together centrally for redistribution. As time progressed, Transdiffusion split NRN into two services, the General Network providing drama, comedy and light entertainment, and the Music Network, which provided a melody-based format....In 1972, Transdiffusion merged with Electromusications, another school-based tape recording network, running in the English midlands....As the 1970s gave way to the 1980s, the fashion for circulating tapes diminished, and the National Radiotape Network closed....The organisation was largely dormant from the mid-1980s until 1998, when it was relaunched as a result of the growth of the Internet as a new organisation unrelated (except for the founder, Kif Bowden-Smith) to the original Transdiffusion....Transdiffusion is dedicated to using modern methods of communication to educate and inform on broadcasting history. We do this by making available Transdiffusion’s broadcasting archive for research and educational purposes.https://transdiffusion.org/about |
Draft:Transdiffusion Broadcasting System | References | References |
Draft:Transdiffusion Broadcasting System | External links | External links
https://transdiffusion.org/
The Transdiffusion Story - Public Radio Exchange |
Draft:Transdiffusion Broadcasting System | Table of Content | AfC submission, References, External links |
Category:French people executed for war crimes | [[Category:Executed French people | War
Executed
Category:People executed for war crimes |
Category:French people executed for war crimes | Table of Content | [[Category:Executed French people |
Template:EOlink/testcases | Testcases | |
Template:EOlink/testcases | Default | Default |
Template:EOlink/testcases | Disabled wikilink | Disabled wikilink |
Template:EOlink/testcases | Disabled Wikisource link | Disabled Wikisource link |
Template:EOlink/testcases | Disabled wikilink and Wikisource link | Disabled wikilink and Wikisource link |
Template:EOlink/testcases | Table of Content | Testcases, Default, Disabled wikilink, Disabled Wikisource link, Disabled wikilink and Wikisource link |
Rick Scarbrough | Short description | Rick Scarbrough (born May 21, 1965) is an American politician and former law enforcement officer who is a Republican member of the Tennessee House of Representatives, representing the 33rd district. He was first elected in the 2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election. He defeated incumbent John Ragan in the primary and won the general election in November against Democratic nominee Anne Backus. The district is based in Anderson County and includes the communities of Oak Ridge, Oliver Springs, and Clinton. |
Rick Scarbrough | Personal life and education | Personal life and education
Scarbrough lives in Oak Ridge. A former law enforcement officer, he served 29 years as an officer in both the Clinton Police Department and Anderson County Sheriff's Office. He was the Chief of Police for the Clinton Police Department for 16 years. He is Baptist. He has a bachelor and master degree from Tusculum University in Organizational Management. |
Rick Scarbrough | Political views | Political views |
Rick Scarbrough | Racketeering | Racketeering
Scarbrough introduced legislation in March 2025 to increase the amount of offenses that can be charged under racketeering. |
Rick Scarbrough | School vouchers | School vouchers
Scarbrough stated in January 2025 that he opposes universal school vouchers. |
Rick Scarbrough | References | References
Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:Republican Party members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
Category:Tusculum University alumni |
Rick Scarbrough | Table of Content | Short description, Personal life and education, Political views, Racketeering, School vouchers, References |
Rastojca | Infobox settlement
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<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
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| Rastojca (Macedonian Cyrillic: Растојца) is a village in the municipality of Demir Hisar, North Macedonia. |
Rastojca | Demographics | Demographics
In the 1467/1468 defter the village had 24 households, 2 bachelors and 2 widows. The household heads almost entirely bore Slavic names, with a minority having Albanian names.
In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Rastojca was inhabited by 170 Christian Bulgarians.Vasil Kanchov (1900). Macedonia: Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia. p. 236.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 19 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:Macedonian Census (2002), Book 5 - Total population according to the Ethnic Affiliation, Mother Tongue and Religion, The State Statistical Office, Skopje, 2002, p. 93.
Macedonians 19 |
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