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Economy of Armenia | Through Iran | Through Iran
A new gas pipeline to Iran has been completed, and a road to Iran through the southern city of Meghri allows trade with that country. An oil pipeline to pump Iranian oil products is also in the planning stages.
As of October 2008 the Armenian government was considering implementing an ambitious project to build a railway to Iran. The 400 kilometer railway would pass through Armenia's mountainous southern province of Syunik, which borders Iran. Economic analysts say that the project would cost at least $1 billion (equivalent to about 40 percent of Armenia's 2008 state budget). As of 2010, the project has been continuously delayed, with the rail link estimated to cost as much as $4 billion and stretch . In June 2010, Transport Minister Manuk Vartanian revealed that Yerevan is seeking as much as $1 billion in loans from China to finance the railway's construction. |
Economy of Armenia | Through Turkey and Azerbaijan | Through Turkey and Azerbaijan
The border closures by Turkey and Azerbaijan have severed Armenia's rail link between Gyumri and Kars; the rail link with Iran through the Azeri exclave of Nakhichevan; and a natural gas and oil pipeline with Azerbaijan. Also closed are road links with Turkey and Azerbaijan. Despite the economic blockade of Turkey on Armenia, every day dozens of Turkish trucks laden with goods enter Armenia through Georgia.
In 2010 it was confirmed that Turkey will keep the border closed for the foreseeable future after the Turkey-Armenia normalization process collapsed. |
Economy of Armenia | Labor market | Labor market |
Economy of Armenia | Labor occupation | Labor occupation
According to the 2018 HDI statistical update, Armenia had the highest percentage of employment in services (49.7%) and lowest share in agriculture (34.4%) among the South Caucasus countries. |
Economy of Armenia | Unionization | Unionization
In 2018, about 30% of wage workers were organized in unions. At the same time, rate of unionization was dropping at average rate of 1% since 1993. |
Economy of Armenia | Monthly wages | Monthly wages
According to preliminary figures from Statistical Committee of Armenia monthly wages averaged to 172 thousand AMD in February 2019.
It is estimated that wages rise at 0.8% for each additional year of experience and "the ability to solve problems and learn new skills yields a wage premium of nearly 20 percent". |
Economy of Armenia | Unemployment | Unemployment
It was reported that in 2020 there was a drop in the unemployment rate in Armenia from 16.99% in 2019 to 16.63% in 2020. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported that in 2020, the unemployment rate has been volatile reaching to 19.8% during the first quarter of the year and then decreasing to 16% during the fourth quarter. According to the latest reports on population of Armenia, in December 2020 the population consisted of 2.96million people and the average monthly earning during February 2021 was US$366.05.
According to prime minister Nikol Pashinyan in January 2019, 562,043 payroll jobs were recorded, against of 511,902 in January 2018, an increase of 9.7%.Statistical Committee of Armenia publication based on data retrieved from employers and national income service cites 560,586 payroll positions in January 2019, an increase of 9.9% against previous year. This however does not match survey data published by the Statistical Committee of Armenia, according to which in 4th quarter of 2018 there were 870.1 thousand persons employed against 896.7 thousand employed persons in 4th quarter of 2017. The mismatch was highlighted by former PM Hrant Bagratyan. For the whole year of 2018 Statistical Committee of Armenia survey counted 915.5 thousand employed persons, an increase of 1.4% against previous year. In the same period unemployment rate of economically active population dropped from 20.8% to 20.4%.
The unemployment rate increased to 19% in 2018 before dropping to 18.3% in 2019 and 18.2% in 2020, having remained basically unchanged since 2009. At the same time, an estimated 60% of workers were employed in the informal economy in 2019. The strong economic growth of 2021 and 2022 led to a significant drop in unemployment to 15.3% and 13% respectively, causing a substantial reduction in the proportion of the population living below the World Bank upper-middle income economy poverty threshold of $6.85 per day, from 51.7% in 2021 to 37.6% in 2023.
World Bank research also reveals that employment rate fell in years 2000–2015 in middle- and low-skill occupations, while it grew high-skill occupations.
See also Statistical Committee of Armenia publication (in English) "Labour market in the Republic of Armenia, 2018". |
Economy of Armenia | Female unemployment in Armenia | Female unemployment in Armenia
Worldwide, women's unemployment rate is 6%, higher than men's by about 0.8 points. According to International Labor Organization, Armenia has the highest women's unemployment rate in post-Soviet countries, equaling 17.3% for women above 25. If we compare this rate with those of the neighboring countries (Latvia: 8.6%, Georgia: 7.7%, Azerbaijan: 4.8%), we can see that it is very high. In 2017, the National Statistical Service of Armenia stated that more than 60% of officially registered unemployed people in Armenia are women. One of the lecturers of Yerevan State University, Ani Kojoyan, mentioned that even though there is no issue in the legislation that becomes a reason for women's unemployment; however, there are some issues that are not mentioned in the legislation. Some of those issues are the fact that potential employers consider women's marital status, how many children they have, or if they are planning to get pregnant any time soon. Moreover, some women are not allowed to work by their husbands after graduating from higher educational institutions. She mentions that the most crucial problem affecting this phenomenon is the fact women do not stand up for their rights. It is also mentioned that according to various sources, there is an inequality in men's and women's monthly wages. In all the sectors, the average monthly salary of men is much higher than women even with the same years of education. It is stated that eliminating the discrimination between two genders would positively impact the country's economy. Ani Kojoyan mentions that this is a crucial problem for the economy except for being a women's rights violation. Thus, the Armenian government should take care that unemployed women can find jobs and become taxpayers. |
Economy of Armenia | Migrant workers | Migrant workers
Since gaining independence in 1991, hundreds of thousands of Armenia's residents have gone abroad, mainly to Russia, in search of work. Unemployment has been the major cause of this massive labor emigration. OSCE experts estimate that between 116,000 and 147,000 people left Armenia for economic reasons between 2002 and 2004, with two-thirds of them returning home by February 2005. According to estimates by the National Statistical Survey, the rate of labor emigration was twice as higher in 2001 and 2002.
According to an OSCE survey, a typical Armenian migrant worker is a married man aged between 41 and 50 years who "began looking for work abroad at the age of 32–33."
For Armenians another feature of migration was an increase in a variety of threats. The journey itself was extremely dangerous. To pay their way, may departing migrants took out loans failed, the whole family's future was put at a risk. As a consequence, the practice of delaying or refusing to pay part or all of a migrant workers wages has become common. The risks were also heightened by many emigrants failure. This type of migration inherited almost all of the negative characteristics that described pre-transition labor migration.
During the workshop, participants addressed the increasing importance of migration as a growth factor, as well as the significance of SDG Target 10.7 on anticipated and well-managed migration policies for Armenia. |
Economy of Armenia | Natural environment protection | Natural environment protection
Environmental Project Implementation Unit implements projects related to Natural environment protection.
Armenia's greenhouse gas emissions decreased 62% from 1990 to 2013, averaging −1.3% annually.
Armenia is working on addressing its environmental problems. Ministry of Environment has introduced a pollution fee system by which taxes are levied on air and water emissions and solid waste disposal. |
Economy of Armenia | See also | See also
Armenian merchantry
Armenia Securities Exchange
Currency of Armenia
Diamond industry in Armenia
Eurasian Economic Union
Geographical Issues in Armenia
List of banks in Armenia
List of companies of Armenia |
Economy of Armenia | Notes | Notes |
Economy of Armenia | Sources | Sources |
Economy of Armenia | Books | Books
|
Economy of Armenia | External links | External links
Investment Council of Armenia
Neruzh Diaspora Tech Startup Program
Armenia Securities Exchange
Armenia
Armenia |
Economy of Armenia | Table of Content | Short description, Overview, Global competitiveness, History of the modern Armenian economy, Post-communist economic reforms, Outperforming GDP growth, Regional GDP, 2020 recession, Main sectors of economy, Agricultural sector, Mining, Construction sector, Energy, Digital economy, Industrial sector, Services sector, Retail trade, Information and Communication Technologies, Financial Services, Tourism, Financial system, Foreign debt, Exchange rate of national currency, Inflation, Cash remittances, Banking, Microfinance, Government revenues and taxation, Government revenues, Taxation, Employee income tax, Corporate income tax, Special taxation for small business, Value-added tax, Foreign trade, direct investments, and aid, Foreign trade, Exports, Imports, Deficit, Partners, European Union, Russia and former Soviet republics, China, Iran, United States, Georgia, Turkey, Foreign direct investments, Yearly FDI figures, Stock FDI, FDI in founding capital of financial institutions, Foreign aid, United States, European Union, Domestic business environment, Foreign trade facilitation, Controversial issues, Monopolies, Takeover of Armenian industrial property by the Russian state and Russian companies, Non-transparent deals, Transportation routes and energy lines, Internal, Metros, Buses, Roadways, Through Georgia, Through Iran, Through Turkey and Azerbaijan, Labor market, Labor occupation, Unionization, Monthly wages, Unemployment, Female unemployment in Armenia, Migrant workers, Natural environment protection, See also, Notes, Sources, Books, External links |
Transport in Armenia | Short description | This article considers transport in Armenia. |
Transport in Armenia | Railways | Railways |
Transport in Armenia | Total | Total
in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines |
Transport in Armenia | Broad gauge | Broad gauge
850 km of gauge (850 km electrified) (1995)
There is no service south of Yerevan.
City with metro system: Yerevan |
Transport in Armenia | International links | International links
Azerbaijan - closed - same gauge
Georgia - yes - same gauge
Iran - via Azerbaijan - closed - break of gauge - /
Turkey - closed - break of gauge -/
Most of the cross-border lines are currently closed due to political problems. However, there are daily inbound and outbound trains connecting Tbilisi and Yerevan. Departing from Yerevan railway station trains connect to both Tbilisi and Batumi. From neighboring Georgia, trains depart to Yerevan from Tbilisi railway station. Within Armenia, new electric trains connect passengers from Yerevan to Armenia's second-largest city of Gyumri. The new trains run four times a day and the journey takes approximately two hours.
There is also discussion to establish a rail link between Yerevan and Tehran. Armenia is pursuing funding from the Asian Development Bank to launch the construction of this infrastructure project. The completion of the project could establish a major commodities transit corridor and would serve as the shortest transportation route between Europe and the Persian Gulf. In June 2019, Iranian president Hassan Rouhani backed this project and stated that “we want the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to be connected to the Black Sea, and one of the ways to make this happen is through Iran, Armenia and Georgia.”
thumb|right|Yerevan Metro train |
Transport in Armenia | Metros | Metros
The capital city of Armenia, Yerevan, is serviced by the Yerevan Metro. The system was launched in 1981, and like most former Soviet Metros, its stations are very deep (20–70 meters underground) and intricately decorated with national motifs. The metro runs on a 13.4 kilometers (8.3 mi) line and currently serves 10 active stations. Trains run every five minutes from 6:30 a.m. until 11 p.m. local AMT time. As of 2017, the annual ridership of the metro is 16.2 million passengers. Free Wi-Fi is available at all stations and some trains. |
Transport in Armenia | Trams | Trams
Yerevan tram (Armenian: ) was a tram system previously operating in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. It was opened on 29 September 1906 in the form of a city wagonway. In the second half of the 20th century, the tram system had up to 12 routes, which were served by 3 depots. Trams were operated until 21 January 2004. |
Transport in Armenia | History | History
Model of a horseway tram in Yerevan |alt=|center|thumb|220x220px
The only city in Armenia where a tram ever existed was Yerevan. On 29 September 1906, the Yerevan horse wagonway was opened. This type of narrow-gauge wagonway existed until August 1918, when the tram was destroyed during World War I.
On 12 January 1933, a wide-gauge electric tram was launched. The number of tram cars increased by 25% on average every five years, in 1933 it was 16, then in 1945 there were 77 cars, and in 1965 - 222 cars. Two types of trams were used, the 71-605 and the RVZ-6M2, both were Soviet made. Since the cost of the tram was 2.4% higher than that of buses, as well as due to expensive electricity and problems arising when the tram crossed the Great Bridge of Hrazdan in Yerevan, route #7 (Erebuni - Zeytun) was closed on 20 June 2003.
Most of the tracks have been removed and the trams have been turned into scrap. The tram depot is used by various private enterprises, and the substation currently serves the Yerevan trolleybus. |
Transport in Armenia | Buses | Buses |
Transport in Armenia | International connections | International connections
thumb|Yerevan Central Bus Station
Land borders are open with both Georgia and Iran. Yerevan Central Bus Station, also known as Kilikia Bus Station is the main bus terminal in Yerevan with buses connecting to both internal and international destinations. There are daily bus connections between Yerevan and Tbilisi and Yerevan and Tehran. Approximately three times daily, buses depart from Yerevan Central Bus Station to Stepanakert, the capital of the partially recognized state of Artsakh. There are also scheduled bus routes which connect Yerevan with Kyiv, Moscow, Saint Petersburg as well as several other cities across Russia. It is also possible to connect to Chișinău Moldova, Minsk Belarus and other cities in Eastern Europe from Yerevan through connecting bus routes via Georgia and Ukraine. In addition, there is a once a week bus service to Istanbul via Georgia. In June 2019, a new bus route from Baghdad to Yerevan via Iran began. |
Transport in Armenia | Local connections | Local connections
The Armenian bus network connects all major cities, towns, and villages throughout the country. In larger cities and towns such as Yerevan, Gyumri, Vanadzor and Armavir, bus stations are equipped with a waiting room and a ticket office, in other towns bus stations may not have shelters. Most of the routes are operated by GAZelle minivans with a capacity of 15 passengers, some routes are operated by soviet bus producer LiAZ (Russia). Yerevan itself has a large integrated bus network, with a newly acquired bus fleet, passengers are able to connect from one end of the city to the other. Wi-Fi is available on most city buses. Despite this, buses often have difficulty meeting the demand for capacity, mainly in Yerevan, where vehicles are typically overcrowded. There are no night services between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. There is no ticket system in the country, passengers pay in cash to drivers. Passengers on the national bus network pay before boarding, passengers on the Yerevan bus network pay after the ride, while leaving the vehicle. Timetables and fares are published on Transport for Armenia.
From Yeritasardakan metro station in downtown Yerevan, travelers can take the 201 airport shuttle, which goes directly to Zvartnots International Airport, which takes approximately 20 minutes from the city center. |
Transport in Armenia | Roadways | Roadways
thumb|right|275px|The E-road network in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan. However, the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan is closed due to strained relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Since independence, Armenia has been developing its internal highway network. The "North-South Road Corridor Investment Program" is a major infrastructure project which aims at connecting the southern border of Armenia with its northern by means of a 556 km-long Meghri-Yerevan-Bavra highway. It is a major US$1.5 billion infrastructure project funded by the Asian Development Bank, European Investment Bank and the Eurasian Development Bank. When completed, the highway will provide access to European countries via the Black Sea. It could also eventually interconnect the Black Sea ports of Georgia with the major ports of Iran, thus positioning Armenia in a strategic transport corridor between Europe and Asia. Armenia is pursuing further loans from China as part of the Belt and Road Initiative to complete the north–south highway.
Armenia connects to European road networks via the International E-road network through various routes such as; European route E117, European route E691, European route E001 and European route E60. Armenia also connects to the Asian Highway Network through routes AH81, AH82 and AH83.
The number of insured registered cars in Armenia has grown from 390,457 in 2011 to 457,878 in 2015. |
Transport in Armenia | Total | Total
8,800 km
World Ranking: 112 |
Transport in Armenia | Paved | Paved
8,800 km (including 1,561 km of expressways) |
Transport in Armenia | Unpaved | Unpaved
0 km (2006 est.) |
Transport in Armenia | Pipelines | Pipelines
Natural gas 3,838 km (2017) |
Transport in Armenia | Ports and harbors | Ports and harbors
Cargo shipments to landlocked Armenia are routed through ports in Georgia and Turkey. |
Transport in Armenia | Airports | Airports
thumb|right|Zvartnots International Airport
thumb|220x220px|Zvartnots International Airport main concourse.
Air transportation in Armenia is the most convenient and comfortable means of getting into the country. There are large international airports that accept both external and domestic flights throughout the Republic. As of 2020, 11 airports operate in Armenia. However, only Yerevan's Zvartnots International Airport and Gyumri's Shirak Airport are in use for commercial aviation. There are three additional civil airports currently under reconstruction in Armenia, including Syunik Airport, Stepanavan Airport, and Goris Airport. The leading Armenian airlines in operation are Armenia Aircompany and Armenia Airways.
There are plenty of air connections between Yerevan and other regional cities, including Athens, Barcelona, Beirut, Berlin, Bucharest, Brussels, Damascus, Doha, Dubai, Istanbul, Kyiv, Kuwait City, London, Milan, Minsk, Moscow, Paris, Prague, Riga, Rome, Tehran, Tel-Aviv, Tbilisi, Vienna, Venice, and Warsaw, as well as daily connections to most major cities within the CIS region. Statistics show that the number of tourists arriving in the country by air transportation increases yearly. In 2018, passenger flow at the two main airports of Armenia reached a record high of 2,856,673 million people. In December 2019, yearly passenger flow exceeded 3,000,000 million people for the first time in Armenia's history.
In November 2019, the creation of a Free Route Airspace (FRA) between Armenia and Georgia was announced. The process has been carried out through the joint efforts of the General Department of Civil Aviation of Armenia, the Georgian Civil Aviation Administration and Eurocontrol. The Free Route Airspace between the two South Caucasus countries will increase flights to around 40,000 annually.
Country comparison to the world: 153 |
Transport in Armenia | Airports - with paved runways | Airports - with paved runways
Total: 10
Over 3,047 m (9,900 feet): 2
1,524 to 2,437 m (7,920 feet): 2
914 to 1,523 m (4,950 feet): 4
Under 914 m: 2 (as of 2008) |
Transport in Armenia | Airports - with unpaved runways | Airports - with unpaved runways
Total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 0
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 0 (as of 2008) |
Transport in Armenia | Heliports | Heliports
Armenia maintains a number of both military and civilian heliports. The main military heliport is located on the premises of Erebuni Airport in Yerevan. Meanwhile, the company Armenian Helicopters, based at Zvartnots Airport in Yerevan, offers charter flights within Armenia and to certain neighboring countries, including Georgia, Russia, and Turkey. Helicopter services are delivered with the US-made Robinson R66 and the European AIRBUS EC130T2 choppers. Flights can be carried out as scheduled or on individual routes.
thumb|250x250px|Wings of Tatev aerial tramway |
Transport in Armenia | Aerial tramways | Aerial tramways
The Wings of Tatev is currently the world's longest reversible aerial tramway which holds the record for longest non-stop double-track cable car and is located in the town of Halidzor.
In October 2019, it was announced that investors were interested in creating an aerial tramway in the capital, Yerevan. |
Transport in Armenia | International transport agreements | International transport agreements
Armenia cooperates in various international transport-related organizations and agreements, including the following:
Eurocontrol
European Aviation Safety Agency (Pan-European Partner)
European Civil Aviation Conference
European Common Aviation Area
International Civil Aviation Organization
International Road Transport Union
International Transport Forum
International Union of Railways (Associate member)
Montreal Convention
TIR Convention
TRACECA
Trans-European Transport Networks |
Transport in Armenia | See also | See also
Civil Aviation Committee of Armenia
Economy of Armenia
Ministry of Transport and Communication (Armenia)
Tourism in Armenia
Transport in Europe
Transport in Georgia (country)
Transport in the Republic of Artsakh |
Transport in Armenia | References | References |
Transport in Armenia | External links | External links
|
Transport in Armenia | Table of Content | Short description, Railways, Total, Broad gauge, International links, Metros, Trams, History, Buses, International connections, Local connections, Roadways, Total, Paved, Unpaved, Pipelines, Ports and harbors, Airports, Airports - with paved runways, Airports - with unpaved runways, Heliports, Aerial tramways, International transport agreements, See also, References, External links |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Short description | The Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia (, abbreviated ՀՀ ԶՈՒ, HH ZU), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Army (), is the national military of Armenia. It consists of personnel branches under the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces, which can be divided into two general branches: the Ground Forces, and the Air Force. Although it was partially formed out of the former Soviet Army forces stationed in the Armenian SSR (mostly units of the 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District), the military of Armenia can be traced back to the founding of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918. Being landlocked, Armenia does not have a navy.
The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, Vahagn Khachaturyan. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, headed by Suren Papikyan, while military command remains in the hands of the general staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Major-General . Border guards subject to the Ministry of Defence until 2001, patrol Armenia's borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, while Russian troops continue to monitor its borders with Iran and Turkey. Since 2002, Armenia has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. Armenia signed a military cooperation plan with Lebanon on 27 November 2015. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | History | History |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Early Armenian Army | Early Armenian Army
An Armenian military corps was established to fight against the Ottomans during the Turkish–Armenian War in early 1918. In accordance with the Treaty of Batum of 4 June 1918 the Ottoman Empire demobilized most of the Armenian army.Hovannisian. Armenia on the Road to Independence, pp. 197. Ethnic Armenian conscripts and volunteers in the Imperial Russian Army would later become the core of the military of the First Armenian Republic.left|thumb|An Armenian fedayi group fighting under the Armenian Revolutionary Federation banner, ca. 1890s |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Soviet era | Soviet era
The 7th Guards Army was based in Yerevan from 1946 to 1992. In the late 1980s the Army consisted of:
Directorate – Yerevan
15th Motor Rifle Division – Kirovakan (now Vanadzor)
75th Motor Rifle Division – Nakhichevan
127th Motor Rifle Division – Leninakan (now Gyumri)
164th Motor Rifle Division – Yerevan
On 1 June 1992, ITAR-TASS reported that General Fyodor Reut said that some units of the 7th Guards Army would begin leaving Armenia in 10–15 days. The army was disbanded later that summer.Holm/Feskov 2015, 7th Guards Combined Arms Army The former Soviet Air Defense Forces in Armenia were drawn from the 14th Air Defense Corps of the 19th Separate Air Defense Army. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | 1988–1992 | 1988–1992
The modern Armenian military entered its first stage at the beginning of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, when Armenian militias were formed to combat Azerbaijani units in Artsakh.Ministry of Defense of Armenia. General History of the Armenian Army . Retrieved 31 January 2006. On 20 September 1990, the first military unit was created, the Yerevan Special Regiment, with the first oath being held in the Republican Assembly Point and was attended by the first President of Armenia Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Prime Minister Vazgen Manukyan, and defence minister Vazgen Sargsyan. Five battalions were also formed in Ararat, Goris, Vardenis, Ijan and Meghri. In 1991, by the decision of the government, the State Committee of Defense under the Council of Ministers, which facilitated the task of coordinating the defense operations of Armenia, becoming the basis on which the Ministry of Defense was to be established later on. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Post-1992 | Post-1992
Armenia established a Ministry of Defence on 28 January 1992. The first military unit of the defence ministry to be formed was the 1st Airborne Regiment, where the first Armenian soldier took the oath to the nation that March. Since a significant part of the officers of the Armed Forces were fighters of the self-defense volunteer detachments, a center for raising the qualification of officers was established for their qualification and training, which during its activity it provided about 1,500 officer-graduates. The School of Non-Commissioned Officers produced about 1,000 graduates.
The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe was ratified by the Armenian parliament in July 1992. The treaty establishes comprehensive limits on key categories of military equipment, such as tanks, artillery, armored combat vehicles, combat aircraft, and combat helicopters, and provides for the destruction of weaponry in excess of those limits. Armenian officials have consistently expressed determination to comply with its provisions and thus Armenia has provided data on armaments as required under the CFE Treaty. Despite this, Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of diverting a large part of its military forces to Nagorno-Karabakh and thus circumventing these international regulations. In March 1993, Armenia signed the multilateral Chemical Weapons Convention, which calls for the eventual elimination of chemical weapons. Armenia acceded to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear weapons state in July 1993.
In addition to the branches of services listed above, Armenia established its own Internal Troops from the former Soviet Interior Troops after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.See for example http://www.mia.gov.az/index.php?/en/content/278/ Up until December 2002, Armenia maintained a Ministry of Internal Affairs, but along with the Ministry of National Security, it was reorganized as a non-ministerial institution. The two organizations became the Police of Armenia and the National Security Service.Taylor and Francis, Europa World Yearbook 2004, p.554 |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Organization and service branches | Organization and service branches
The Armenian Armed Forces are Headquartered in Yerevan, where most of the general staff is based. The general staff is responsible for operational command of the Armenian Military and its two major branches. The armed forces also has the following personnel branches:
Department of Military Preparedness
Department of Military Apparatus
Department of Aviation
Department of Missile Troops
Department of Air Defence
Department of Rear Services
Department of Signal Troops
Department of the Engineer Troops
Department of Armaments
Department of the RNBC Defence Troops
Medical Department
Personnel Department
Intelligence Department
Strategic Planning Department
Mobilization Department
Operative Department
Department of Military Service Security
Department of Military Commissars
Financial Department
Human Resources Department |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Ground Forces | Ground Forces
thumb|240px|Armenian soldiers in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
thumb|right|240px|Snipers during a field exercise (2004)
According to IISS 2010, Armenia has 30 T-80 tanks,Jane's World Armies Armenia, 2008. 390 T-72 tanks, 14 T-54/55 tanks and 80 BMP-1's, 7 BMP-1K, 55 BMP-2 and 12 BRM-1K. Wheeled APCs reported included 11 BTR-60s, 21 BTR-70s, 4 BTR-80s, 145 MT-LBs, 5 BMD-1S, and 120 BRDM-2 scout vehicles.
Although the Russians have supplied newer equipment to Armenia over the years, the numbers have never been sufficient to upgrade all ground force formations and many of the lower readiness units still have older, Soviet-legacy systems that have not been upgraded or in many cases effectively maintained. These older systems are placing great demands on the logistics system for service, maintenance, replacement parts and necessary upgrades, costing the army both financially and in overall readiness. The ground force is engaged in an effort of reassessment, reorganisation and restructuring, as the future of Armenia's defence needs a revised force structure and unit mix. The army sees the need to maintain much of its traditional mechanised formations, but is looking to lighten and make more mobile and self-sustainable a small number of other formations. It must develop these newer formations to support its international requirements and effectively operate in mountainous and other rugged terrain, but it must do this without affecting the mechanised capability that is needed to confront Azerbaijan's conventional forces.
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Armenia has followed a policy of developing its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. In 2000, the Centre for International Studies and Research reported that at that time the Armenian Army had the strongest combat capability of the three South Caucasus countries' armies (the other two being Georgia and Azerbaijan).Robert Fairbanks, Public and private armies in the Caucasus, Sciences Po, November 2000 CSTO Secretary, Nikolay Bordyuzha, came to a similar conclusion after collective military drills in 2007 when he stated that, "the Armenian Army is the most efficient one in the post-Soviet space". This was echoed more recently by Igor Korotchenko, a member of the Public Council, Russian Ministry of Defense, in a March 2011 interview with Voice of Russia radio.
The Army is functionally divided into Active and Reserve Forces. Their main functions include deterrence, defense, peace support and crisis management, humanitarian and rescue missions, as well as social functions within Armenian society.
The Active Forces mainly have peacekeeping and defensive duties, and are further divided into Deployment Forces, Immediate Reaction, and Main Defense Forces. The Reserve Forces consists of Enhancement Forces, Territorial Defense Forces, and Training Grounds. They deal with planning and reservist preparation, armaments and equipment storage, training of formations for active forces rotation or increase in personnel.
During peacetime the Army maintains permanent combat and mobilization readiness. They become part of multinational military formations in compliance with international treaties Armenia is a signatory to, participate in the preparation of the population, the national economy and the maintenance of wartime reserves and the infrastructure of the country for defense.
In times of crisis the Army's main tasks relate to participation in operations countering terrorist activities and defense of strategic facilities (such as nuclear power plants and major industrial facilities), assisting the security forces in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, illegal armaments traffic and international terrorism.
In case of low- and medium-intensity military conflict the Active Forces that are part of the Army participate in carrying out the initial tasks for the defense of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country. In case of a high intensity conflict the Land Forces, together with the Air Force, Air Defense and Border Guards, form the defense group of the Armenian Armed Forces aiming at countering aggression and protect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country.
Experiments in developing small arms have been undertaken in Armenia, producing the K-3 assault rifle, but Jane's Infantry Weapons estimates that the program has ceased, and the rifle is not in widespread service with the army. The AK-74 is the standard-issue rifle of the Armenian Army with older AKMs in reserve use. Beside AK rifles Armenian forces use mostly Russian small arms like the Makarov pistol, SVD sniper rifle, and the PKM general purpose machine gun. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Air Force and Air Defense | Air Force and Air Defense
thumb|190x190px|Armenian Air Force Su-25's during a military parade in Yerevan
The Armenian Air Force consists of 15 Su-25 ground attack planes, 18 Su-30 jet fighters, 1 Mig 25, 16 Mil Mi-24 helicopter gunships, 6 L-39 trainer and attack aircraft, 16 Yak-52 trainer aircraft, 3 Il-76 cargo planes, 18 Mil Mi-8 transport helicopters, and 10 Mil Mi-2 light utility helicopters. There are an additional 18 MiG-29 fighter jets of the Russian 102nd Military Base stationed in Gyumri.
The Armenian anti-aircraft branch was equipped and organized as part of the military reform program of Lieutenant-General Norat Ter-Grigoryants. It consists of an anti-aircraft missile brigade and two regiments armed with 100 anti-aircraft complexes of various models and modifications, including the SA-8, Krug, S-75, S-125, SA-7, SA-10, SA-13, SA-16 and SA-18. Russia has SA-6 and S-300 long range surface-to-air missiles at the Russian 102nd Military Base. There are also 24 Scud ballistic missiles with eight launchers.
Numerical strength is estimated at 3,000 servicemen, with plans for further expansion.
In late December 2010, the Armenian Defense Minister, Seyran Ohanyan, officially acknowledged that the army are equipped with the Russian-made S-300 surface-to-air missiles. The statement was made while the Minister was inspecting a new air-defense command point that maintains "state-of-the-art equipment" built specifically for the operation of the S-300's. Russian specialist started to train Armenian teams on sophisticated Missiles and Defensive Systems. The S-300 was paraded for the first time in the 2011 Parade and the only S-300 missile system (SA10 Grumble) which likes mobility. The S-300 is the main Air Defensive system that protects Armenia's air security. In the 2016 Armenian Parade celebrating the Armenian Independence BUK-M2 Air Defense Systems were shown. These systems were not part of the 200 million dollar contract agreement between Yerevan and Moscow but an agreement between CSTO partners. Other devices such as stem of electronic warfare (EW) "Infauna" and P-325U consist in the Armenian Armed Forces. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Military of Artsakh | Military of Artsakh
In addition to forces mentioned above, there were around 20,000 active soldiers defending Nagorno-Karabakh, a disputed territory which seceded from Azerbaijan from 1991 to 2023. They were well trained and well equipped with the latest in military software and hardware.C. W. Blandy, Azerbaijan: Is War Over Nagornyy Karabakh a Realistic Option? , Advanced Research and Assessment Group, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Caucasus Series 08/17, 2008, p.16 The Karabakh army's heavy military hardware included: 316 tanks, 324 armored vehicles, 322 artillery pieces of calibers over 122 mm, 44 multiple rocket launchers, and a new anti-aircraft defense system.DeRouen, Karl and Uk Heo (eds.) Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts since World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2007, p. 151. In addition, the Artsakh Defence Army maintained a small air-force of 2 Su-25s, 5 Mi-24s and 5 other helicopters. The Artsakh Defence Army was disbanded on 21 September 2023 under the terms of Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement following the 2023 Azerbaijani military offensive on the territory. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Personnel | Personnel
The Armed Forces of Armenia is constitutionally a conscript force, but there is also a growing number of professional officers. There were roughly 19,000 conscripts and 23,000 professionals serving in 2017. Enlistment, which is performed twice a year, is handled by military commissariats. Male draftees between the ages of 18 and 27 are obliged to present themselves in the commissariats for registration. People who have changed their citizenship or have dual citizenship are also subject to conscription, unless they have already served in the armed forces of another country. Since 2003, conscientious objectors can apply for alternative service. Draft evaders can not be appointed to public service positions. Citizens who have completed military service are registered in the reserve and are divided into rank and file, non-commissioned and commissioned staff of the reserve. Reservists can be called up to training musters and exercises in peacetime. Reserve obligation lasts up to the age of 50. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Educational institutions | Educational institutions
thumb|Contingent from the Armed Forces of Armenia on Red Square in 2015.
National Defense Research University
Vazgen Sargsyan Military University
Monte Melkonian Military Academy
Armenak Khanperyants Military Aviation University
Yerevan State Medical University Military Faculty
Foreign institutions for Armenian soldiers
Military Academy of Modena
École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
Hellenic Military Academy
Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation—College of Military Finance
Higher military education is provided by the National Defense Research University in Yerevan. It was established in 2016, on the basis of the Institute for National Strategic Studies.
The I Have the Honour State Program is an educational program of the ministry of defence that serves conscripts in the army. Participants of the program are given the right to defer conscription in favor of education in post-secondary institutions with full reimbursement of tuition fees, after which the conscript is awarded the rank of lieutenant and is appointed to the service for a period of 2 years and 3 months. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Contract service | Contract service
A contractual military service is a service last for 3–12 months, or for a term of three or five years. Males under 36 who have not previously served as contract servicemen and are registered in the reserve, can be enrolled in contractual military service as privates. Felons and those not fit for service are ineligible for contract service. Since 2008, sergeant training courses for contract servicemen have operated in the Armed Forces and since 2013, the duration of the courses has three months. The courses are open to reservist privates under the age of 25. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Conscription | Conscription
Military service in Armenia is mandatory. Citizens aged 27 to 50 are registered in the reserve and may be drafted if a national mobilization was declared. The enlistment process is handled by the military commissariats in January and May. Dual citizens are not be exempt from the draft. If one fails to follow through with their obligations, a criminal case is then instituted, which could lead to 3 years in jail.
The following military commissariats operate in Armenia:
Yerevan
Conscription and Mobilization Service
No.1 territorial subdivision
No.2 Territorial Subdivision
No.3 Territorial Subdivision
No.4 Territorial Subdivision
Ashtarak
Aragatsotn Regional Subdivision
Artashat
Ararat Regional Subdivision
Armavir
Armavir Regional Subdivision
Martuni
Gegharkunik Regional Subdivision
Abovyan
Kotayk Regional Subdivision
Vanadzor
Lori Regional Subdivision
Gyumri
Shirak Regional Subdivision
Goris
Syunik Regional Subdivision
Ijevan
Tavush Regional Subdivision
Yeghegnadzor
Vayots Dzor Province Regional Subdivision
The armed forces also sport the following volunteer units:
Sisakan Regiment
Erato Detachment
Vanadzor Volunteer Detachment
Homeland Detachment
ARF Battalion
Tigran the Great International Military Regiment |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Women in the armed forces | Women in the armed forces
During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 90s, at least 115 Armenian women were known to have taken part in combat operations. Many women from the diaspora arrived to serve in non-combat missions. The first woman to have been given a significant position in the military was Zhanna Galstyan, who was appointed deputy commander of the Central District Defensive Unit after the formation of the Artsakh Defense Army.
More than 2,000 women currently serve in the army, with most working in administrative positions or in liaison and medical units. In October 2016, a program, approved by the National Assembly, committed the military to "creating additional opportunities" for women serving in the army or seeking military service. Defense Minister Vigen Sargsyan at the time told the MPs that "It would be wrong not to let them (women) reach their full potential." The Erato Detachment was the first all-women military unit in the Armenian Armed Forces, being created after of clashes between the Azerbaijani Army and Armenia occurred in July 2020. Anna Hakobyan, the wife of the current Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, underwent a week long combat readiness program with women from the Republic of Artsakh who joined the unit. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Minorities | Minorities
During the 2020 war, a group of Yazidi reservists formed a reserve military unit that joined the frontline in Karabakh. The unit was led by Rzgan Sarhangyan and is composed of 50 soldiers aged between 18 and 55. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Equipment | Equipment
The Armenian Army operates a wide variety of older equipment, mostly of Soviet origin. There is also some newer equipment from Russia. In 2015, a US$200m loan was ratified by Russia for the purchase of modern weapons between 2015 and 2017. Armenia produces its own combat helmets and body armors through the works of a joint Armenian-Polish company. Some personal equipment used by special units (Future Assault Shell Technology helmets, plate carriers and special pouches) is imported. Armenia also produces most of its small arms, with only specialised units being imported.
Following the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes, the Helsinki Citizens' Assembly released a report, which detailed the circumstances of death of Armenian servicemen. Among the contributing factors were stated to be malfunctioning equipment and lack of necessary materiel, especially ammunition. This was followed by plans to increase Armenian defense spending to purchase more weapons and ammunition.
Armenia is not a significant exporter of conventional weapons, but it has provided support, including material, to the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | International military cooperation | International military cooperation |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Russia | Russia
thumb|Vladimir Putin during his visit to the 102nd Russian military base in Armenia.
Russia is one of the closest allies of Armenia. The Russian 102nd Military Base, the former 127th Motor Rifle Division, is stationed in Gyumri. The military alliance of the two nations and, in particular, the presence of Russian troops on Armenian soil has been a key element of Armenia's national security doctrine since Armenia gained independence in 1991. Russia stations an estimated 5,000 soldiers of all types in Armenia, including 3,000 officially reported to be based at the 102nd Military Base. In 1997, the two countries signed a far-reaching friendship treaty, which calls for mutual assistance in the event of a military threat to either party and allows Russian border guards to patrol Armenia's frontiers with Turkey and Iran. In early 2005, the 102nd Military Base had 74 tanks, 17 battle infantry vehicles, 148 armored personnel carriers, 84 artillery pieces, 18 MiG-29 fighters, one battery of SA-6 and two batteries of S-300 anti-aircraft missiles. However, in 2005–2007, following an agreement on the withdrawal of two Russian military bases from Georgia, a great deal of military hardware was moved to the 102nd Base from the Russian 12th Military Base in Batumi and the 62nd Military Base at Akhalkalaki, Georgia. Russia also supplies weapons at the relatively lower prices of the Russian domestic market as part of a collective security agreement since January 2004.
According to unconfirmed reports by the Azeri media, Russia has supplied $1 billion worth of arms and ammunitions to Armenia in 1996; and handed over an additional $800 million worth of arms to Armenia in 2008–2009. According to AzerNews, the weapons in this latest transfer include 21 tanks, 12 armored vehicles, five other battle machines, a great number of rocket launchers, over 1,050 cases of grenades, nearly 7,900 types of ammunition, 120 grenade launchers, over 4,000 sub-machine guns, TNT fuses, mines of various types, 14 mine-launchers, 9 Grad launchers, five cannons, and other weapons.AzerNews Russia `donates` $800m arms to Armenia 14 January 2009
Officer training is another sphere of Russian-Armenian military cooperation. In the first years of sovereignty when Armenia lacked a military educational establishment of its own, officers of its army were trained in Russia. Even now when Armenia has a military college on its own territory, the Armenian officer corps honors the tradition and is trained at Russian military educational establishments. In 1997, 600 Armenian servicemen were being trained at Russian Military Academies: the training was conducted by the Marshal Bagramyan Training Brigade.Ministry of Defence of Armenia, Official Web Site
At the first meeting of the joint Russian-Armenian government panel for military-technical cooperation that took place during autumn 2005, Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov reported that, Russian factories will participate in the Armenian program of military modernization, and that Russia is prepared to supply the necessary spare parts and equipment. In accordance with this agreement, Armenia and Russia agreed to work together in exporting weapons and other military equipment to third countries in December 2009. The export agreement was signed by Defense Minister Seyran Ohanyan and a visiting senior Russian official, Konstantin Biryulin, during a meeting of a Russian-Armenian inter-governmental commission on bilateral military-technical cooperation. The agreement envisages the two countries' interaction in exporting military production to third countries, which will help to strengthen the armed forces of the two states, and further cement the already close Russian–Armenian military cooperation.
A Russian-Armenian defense agreement signed in August 2010 extends Russia's military presence in Armenia till 2044 and commits Russia to supplying Armenia with modern and compatible weaponry and special military hardware at reduced prices.
At the beginning of 2009, Azerbaijani media published allegations that Russia had made extensive weapons transfers to Armenia throughout 2008 costing about $800 million. On 12 January 2009, the Russian ambassador was invited to the Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs and asked about this information. On 21 January 2009, Russian ministry of foreign relations officially denied the transfers. According to US diplomatic cables leaked in December 2010, Azerbaijani defence minister Safar Abiyev claimed that in January 2009 during his visit to Moscow, his Russian counterpart Anatoly Serdyukov unofficially had admitted to weapons transfers "after the second bottle of vodka" that evening, although officially it was denied.
In June 2013 it was revealed that Russia has deployed in Armenia several Iskander-M ballistic missiles systems, which are stationed at undisclosed locations in the country. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Collective Security Treaty Organisation | Collective Security Treaty Organisation
On 7 October 2002, the Presidents of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan, signed a charter in Tashkent, founding the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) (Russian: Организация Договора о Коллективной Безопасности (ОДКБ/ODKB)) or simply Ташкентский договор (The Tashkent Treaty). Nikolai Bordyuzha was appointed secretary general of the new organisation. On 23 June 2006, Uzbekistan became a full participant in the CSTO and its membership was formally ratified by its parliament on 28 March 2008.eurasianhome.org Access date: 24 December 2014 (Archive date 27 February 2014) Furthermore, the CSTO is an observer organisation at the United Nations General Assembly.
The charter reaffirmed the desire of all participating states to abstain from the use or threat of force. Signatories would not be able to join other military alliances or other groups of states, while aggression against one signatory would be perceived as an aggression against all. To this end, the CSTO holds yearly military command exercises for the CSTO nations to have an opportunity to improve inter-organisation cooperation. The largest-scale CSTO military exercise held, to date, were the "Rubezh 2008" exercises hosted in Armenia where a combined total of 4,000 troops from all 7 constituent CSTO member countries conducted operative, strategic, and tactical training with an emphasis towards furthering the efficiency of the collective security element of the CSTO partnership.
The Ministry of Defense of Armenia has repeatedly stated that it would expect direct military assistance from the CSTO in case war with Azerbaijan resumes, as recently as December 2009, Defense Minister Ohanyan made the same statement. In August 2009, Nikolay Bordyuzha, the CSTO's secretary-general, confirmed that official Yerevan can count on such support.
On 4 February 2009, an agreement to create the Collective Rapid Reaction Force (KSOR) was reached by five of the seven CSTO members, with plans finalized on 14 June 2009. Armenia is one of the five member states. The force is intended to be used to repulse military aggression, conduct anti-terrorist operations, fight transnational crime and drug trafficking, and neutralize the effects of natural disasters. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | NATO | NATO
Armenia participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and it is in a NATO organization called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia is in the process of implementation of Individual Partnership Action Plans (IPAPs), which is a program for those countries that have the political will and ability to deepen their relationship with NATO. Cooperative Best Effort exercise (the first where Russia was represented) was run on Armenian territory in 2003. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | France | France
On 5 October 2023, following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, France announced that it would send defense aid to the Armenian military. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Greece | Greece
Greece is Armenia's closest ally in NATO and the two cooperate on multiple issues. A number of Armenian officers are trained in Greece every year, and military aid/material assistance has been provided to Armenia. In 2003, the two countries signed a military cooperation accord, under which Greece will increase the number of Armenian servicemen trained at the military and military-medical academies in Athens.
In February 2003, Armenia sent 34 peacekeepers to Kosovo where they became part of the Greek contingent. Officials in Yerevan have said the Armenian military plans to substantially increase the size of its peacekeeping detachment and counts on Greek assistance to the effort. In June 2008, Armenia sent 72 peacekeepers to Kosovo for a total of 106 peacekeepers.
In November 2024, several sources claimed that Greece was planning to transfer all Russian-made air defences it possessed to Armenia. The equipment includes S-300 long-range SAMs, acquired by Greece after the Cypriot Missile Crisis, Tor-M1 short-medium range SAM, and Osa-AKM short-range systems. The claim has not been confirmed by the Greek MoD yet. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Baltic States | Baltic States
Lithuania has been sharing experience and providing consultations to the Armenian Defense Ministry in the field of democratic control of armed forces, military and defense concepts and public relations since 2002. Since 2004, Armenian officers have been invited to study at the Lithuanian War Academy and the Baltic Defence College in Tartu, Estonia. Lithuania covers all study expenditures. In early 2007, two Armenian officers for the first time took part in a Baltic lead international exercise, Amber Hope, which was held in Lithuania.Lithuanian Defense Minister Going To Armenia |
Armed Forces of Armenia | United States | United States
thumb|Armenian troops before loading onto a U.S. Army UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter during a training exercise
The United States has been steadily upping its military clout in the region. In early 2003, the United States Department of Defense announced several major military programs in the Caucasus. Washington's military aid to Armenia in 2005 amounted to $5 million, and in April 2004, the two sides signed a military-technical cooperation accord. In late 2004, Armenia deployed a unit of 46 soldiers, which included bomb-disposal experts, doctors, and transport specialists, to Iraq as part of the American-led Multi-National Force Iraq. In 2005, the United States allocated $7 million to modernize the military communications of the Armenian Armed Forces.
Since 2003, Armenia and the Kansas National Guard have exchanged military delegations as part of a National Guard Bureau program to promote better relations between the United States and developing nations. The program has largely consisted of mutual visits to each other's countries in an effort to share "ideas and [the] best practices for military and emergency management.""Kansas National Guard aiding Armenian military." Kansas City Star. 27 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
Eagle Partner 2023 was a military exercise which took place in Armenia from 11 September to 20 September 2023. The main goal of the exercise was the fortifying of the alliance between the United States with Armenia and also the training of the 12th Peacekeeping Brigade of the Armed Forces of Armenia for future peacekeeping missions. Eagle Partner 2024 began on 15 July 2024. The exercises were scheduled to last through July 24.Armenia launches military drills with US amid souring ties with old ally Russia
On 6 December 2024, Armenian Defense Minister Suren Papikyan held a high-level meeting with United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin at The Pentagon. The two leaders met to discuss the strategic relationship between the United States and Armenia. Austin stated, "Your visit is historic. Armenia extended its hand to the United States and I'm proud to host you here today" and "the U.S. supports a sovereign, independent, and prosperous Armenia and that relationship between the two nations continues to grow closer."Pentagon head describes the visit of Armenian DM as "historic" Papikyan highlighted the priority of transforming the Armenian Armed Forces and enhancing interoperability with the U.S. Armed Forces.Armenian Defense Minister, U.S. Secretary of Defense discuss cooperation |
Armed Forces of Armenia | European Union | European Union
On 22 July 2024, the European Union approved the allocation of 10 million euros to the Armed Forces of Armenia from the European Peace Facility. This marked the first ever funding assistance to the Armed Forces of Armenia from the EU. The funding will be used to increase the material and technical capabilities of Armenia's army. The EU's Foreign Affairs chief, Josep Borrell stated "Security is an important element of bilateral relations with Armenia. The EU has a mutual interest in further expanding dialogue on foreign and security policy, also looking into Armenia's future participation in EU-led missions and operations." Armenia's Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan stated "We salute the historic decisions of EU Foreign Affairs Council on providing assistance to Armenia under the European Peace Facility. This is a very important milestone in the Armenia-EU partnership based on shared values and principles as well as the vision for stability, peace and prosperity." While the Armenian Minister of Defence, Suren Papikyan stated "This initiative will give a new charge to closer cooperation with our partner EU member countries in both bilateral and multilateral formats."EU Approves 10 Million Euros in Military Assistance to ArmeniaEuropean Peace Facility: Council adopts the first ever assistance measure in support of the Armenian Armed Forces |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Peacekeeping operations | Peacekeeping operations
As of 2022, Armenia is involved in peacekeeping operations in Kosovo, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Mali and Kazakhstan |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Kosovo | Kosovo
There are 70 Armenian soldiers serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers.
Armenia joined the Kosovo Force in Kosovo in 2004. Armenian "blue helmets" serve within the Greek Army battalion. The relevant memorandum was signed on 3 September 2003, in Yerevan and ratified by the Armenian Parliament on 13 December 2003. The sixth deployment of Armenian peacekeepers departed for Kosovo on 14 November 2006. In 2008, the Armenian National Assembly voted unanimously to double the peacekeeping force in Kosovo by sending an extra 34 peacekeepers to the region, increasing the total number of peacekeepers in the region to 68.
Armenia temporarily withdrew its peacekeepers from Kosovo in February 2012 as a result of the reduction of the Greek subdivisions. Armenia redeployed them in July to serve alongside American soldiers in Kosovo. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Iraq | Iraq
After the end of the invasion of Iraq, Armenia deployed a unit of 46 peacekeepers under Polish command. Armenian peacekeepers were based in Al-Kut, from the capital of Baghdad. On 23 July 2006, the fourth shift of Armenian peacekeepers departed for Iraq. The shift included 3 staff commanders, 2 medical officers, 10 combat engineers and 31 drivers. Throughout the length of the deployment, there was one Armenian wounded and no deaths. The Armenian government extended the small troop presence in Iraq by one year at the end of 2005 and 2006. On 7 October 2008, Armenia withdrew its contingent of 46 peacekeepers. This coincided with the withdrawal of the Polish contingent in Iraq. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Afghanistan | Afghanistan
Armenia deployed 130 soldiers in Afghanistan as part of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). They were serving under German command protecting an airport in Kunduz. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Lebanon | Lebanon
In 2014, Armenia deployed 33 peacekeepers to Lebanon as part of UNIFIL. Since then, they have served under the Italian contingent and fulfill headquarter security functions. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Mali | Mali
In 2015, one peacekeeper was dispatched to Mali on a monitoring-peacekeeping mission. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan
In 2022, Armenia sent around 100 servicemen to Kazakhstan as part of the Collective Security Treaty Organization peacekeeping forces. Nikol Pashinyan, who serves as the CSTO chairman, confirmed that the alliance will send 'peacekeepers' to Kazakhstan for a limited period given the threat to national security and the sovereignty of Kazakhstan, due to the 2022 Kazakh protests. |
Armed Forces of Armenia | References | References
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Armed Forces of Armenia | External links | External links
Armed Forces of Armenia
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Armed Forces of Armenia | Table of Content | Short description, History, Early Armenian Army, Soviet era, 1988–1992, Post-1992, Organization and service branches, Ground Forces, Air Force and Air Defense, Military of Artsakh, Personnel, Educational institutions, Contract service, Conscription, Women in the armed forces, Minorities, Equipment, International military cooperation, Russia, Collective Security Treaty Organisation, NATO, France, Greece, Baltic States, United States, European Union, Peacekeeping operations, Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Mali, Kazakhstan, References, External links |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Short description | Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and the European Union.– "Armenian Foreign Policy Between Russia, Iran And U.S." – 29 March 2010 It has full membership status in a number of international organizations, such as the Council of Europe and the Eurasian Economic Union, and observer status, etc. in some others. However, the dispute over the Armenian genocide of 1915 and the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict have created tense relations with two of its immediate neighbors, Azerbaijan and Turkey.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy agenda of the Government of Armenia and organizes and manages diplomatic services abroad. Since August 2021, Ararat Mirzoyan has served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Foreign relations | Foreign relations
Armenia is a member of more than 70 different international organizations, including the following:
Asian Development Bank
Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Commonwealth of Independent States
Council of Europe
The EU's Eastern Partnership and the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
The UN's Eastern European Group
Eurocontrol
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
European Political Community
Eurasian Economic Union
Eurasian Development Bank and the Eurasian Customs Union
Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Monetary Fund
Interpol
La Francophonie
NATO's Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Individual Partnership Action Plan, and Partnership for Peace
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
TRACECA
United Nations
World Bank, the World Customs Organization, and the World Trade Organization
Armenia is also an observer member of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, the Community of Democratic Choice, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization of American States, the Pacific Alliance, the Arab League, the Community of Democracies, a dialogue partner in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and a regional member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Armenian genocide recognition | Armenian genocide recognition
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As of 2025, 34 states have officially recognized the historical events as genocide. Parliaments of countries that recognize the Armenian genocide include Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, United States, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela. Additionally, some regional governments of countries recognize the Armenian genocide too, such as New South Wales and South Australia in Australia as well as Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales in the United Kingdom. US House Resolution 106 was introduced on 30 January 2007, and later referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The bill has 225 co-sponsors. The bill called for former President George W. Bush to recognize and use the word genocide in his annual 24 April speech which he never used. His successor President Barack Obama expressed his desire to recognize the Armenian genocide during the electoral campaigns, but after being elected, did not use the word "genocide" to describe the events that occurred in 1915. The US House of Representatives formally recognized the Armenian genocide with House Resolution 296 on 29 October 2019. The United States Senate unanimously recognized the genocide with Senate Resolution 150 on 12 December 2019. In 2021, President Joe Biden became the first U.S. president to formally recognize the Armenian genocide. As of 2022, all 50 U.S. states have also recognized the events as genocide. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Disputes | Disputes |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Nagorno-Karabakh conflict | Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Armenia provides political, material and military support to the Republic of Artsakh in the longstanding Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
The current conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 when Armenian demonstrations against Azerbaijani rule broke out in Nagorno–Karabakh and later in Armenia. The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast voted to secede from Azerbaijan and join Armenia. Soon, violence broke out against Armenians in Azerbaijan and Azeris in Armenia. In 1990, after violent episodes in Nagorno–Karabakh and Azerbaijani cities like Baku, Sumgait and Kirovabad, Moscow declared a state of emergency in Karabakh, sending troops to the region, and forcibly occupied Baku, killing over a hundred civilians. In April 1991, Azerbaijani militia and Soviet forces targeted Armenian populations in Karabakh, known as Operation Ring. Moscow also deployed troops to Yerevan. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, conflict escalated into a full-scale war between the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (supported by Armenia), and Azerbaijan. Military action was influenced by the Russian military, which manipulated the rivalry between the two neighbouring sides in order to keep both under control.
More than 30,000 people were killed in the fighting during the period of 1988 to 1994. In May 1992, Armenian forces seized Shusha and Lachin (thereby linking Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia). By October 1993, Armenian forces succeeded in taking almost all of former NKAO, Lachin and large areas in southwestern Azerbaijan. In 1993, the UN Security Council adopted four resolutions calling for the cessation of hostilities, unimpeded access for international humanitarian relief efforts, and the eventual deployment of a peacekeeping force in the region. Fighting continued, however, until May 1994 at which time Russia brokered a cease-fire between the three sides.
Negotiations to resolve the conflict peacefully have been ongoing since 1992 under the Minsk Group of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The Minsk Group is co-chaired by Russia, France, and the United States and has representation from Turkey, the U.S., several European nations, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Despite the 1994 cease-fire, sporadic violations, sniper-fire and land mine incidents continue to claim over 100 lives each year.
Since 1997, the Minsk Group co-chairs have presented three proposals to serve as a framework for resolving the conflict. Each proposal was rejected. Beginning in 1999, the presidents of Azerbaijan and Armenia initiated a direct dialogue through a series of face-to-face meetings, often facilitated by the Minsk Group Co-Chairs. The OSCE sponsored a round of negotiations between the presidents in Key West, Florida. U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell launched the talks on 3 April 2001, and the negotiations continued with mediation by the U.S., Russia and France until 6 April 2001. The Co-Chairs are still continuing to work with the two presidents in the hope of finding lasting peace.
The two countries are still at war. Citizens of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to Azerbaijan. If a person's passport shows evidence of travel to Nagorno–Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to Azerbaijan.
In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenian forces and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.
The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh were the latest escalations of the unresolved conflict. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Countries without diplomatic relations | Countries without diplomatic relations
Armenia does not have diplomatic relations with the following countries (organized by continent): |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Africa | Africa
, , |
Foreign relations of Armenia | The Americas | The Americas
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Foreign relations of Armenia | Asia | Asia
, (Pakistan is the only country in the world that does not recognize Armenia), |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Oceania | Oceania
, , , ,
Armenia also has no diplomatic relations with states with limited recognition except for the now defunct Republic of Artsakh and the State of Palestine. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Countries with diplomatic relations | Countries with diplomatic relations
List of countries which Armenia maintains diplomatic relations with:
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Foreign relations of Armenia | Multilateral relations | Multilateral relations
Notes on some of Armenia's multilateral relations follow:
Organization Formal Relations BeganNotes Armenia established diplomatic relations with the African Union on 25 October 2010.
The African Union Commission hailed the Armenian government's intention to have a representative in the African Union, and expressed willingness to develop relations with Armenia.
The Representative of Armenia to the African Union is located in Cairo, Egypt. Armenia was granted Observer Status in the Arab League in 2004 after a Syrian invitation.
Armenia maintains positive relations with most Arab states.
A memorandum on mutual understanding and cooperation between Armenia and the Arab League was signed in January 2005. The agreement promotes intensifying cooperation and the opening of Armenian diplomatic missions in Arab states.
The Representative of Armenia to the Arab League is located in Cairo, Egypt. Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation See Armenia–BSEC relations
Armenia joined the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) on 25 June 1992 as one of the eleven founding members of the economic organization.
The Permanent Mission of Armenia to BSEC is located in Istanbul, Turkey. Collective Security Treaty Organization See Armenia–CSTO relations
Armenia joined the CSTO in 1994.
The Armenian Permanent Mission to the CSTO is based in Moscow, Russia. Council of Europe See Armenia in the Council of Europe
Armenia joined the Council of Europe on 25 January 2001.
The Armenian Permanent Mission to the Council of Europe is based in Strasbourg, France. The Council of Europe maintains an Office in Yerevan, Armenia.
The Council of Europe has recognized the Armenian genocide. Eurasian Economic Union See Member states of the Eurasian Economic Union and Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union
Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union on 2 January 2015.
Armenia is a member of the Eurasian Customs Union Free-trade area.
Other members include Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Observer members Cuba, Moldova, and Uzbekistan. See Armenia–European Union relations and Potential enlargement of the European Union
Formal relations began in 1991 when Armenia gained independence from the Soviet Union.
In 2002, the European Parliament announced that Armenia could potentially join the EU in the future.
A Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the EU and Armenia was finalized in 2017.
Armenia is a member of the EU's Euronest Parliamentary Assembly, Eastern Partnership, and Energy Community.
The Delegation of the European Union to Armenia Office is located in Yerevan, Armenia. The Armenian Permanent Mission to the EU is based in Brussels, Belgium.
Since 2013, EU citizens enjoy visa-free travel to Armenia.
In 2017, Armenia began talks on visa-liberalization for Armenian citizens traveling into the EU's Schengen Area.
In 2024, the European Parliament passed a resolution confirming Armenia meets Maastricht Treaty Article 49 requirements and may apply for EU membership.
On 12 February 2025, Armenia's parliament approved a bill officially endorsing Armenia's EU accession.
The European Parliament has recognized the Armenian genocide. See Armenia–NATO relations
Armenia is not a member of NATO.
Armenia joined the NATO Partnership for Peace on 5 October 1994. In 2002, Armenia became an associate member of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
The Information Centre on NATO in Armenia Office is located in Yerevan, Armenia. The Armenian Permanent Mission to the NATO is based in Brussels, Belgium. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Bilateral relations | Bilateral relations
Notes on some of Armenia's bilateral relations follow (organized by continent): |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Africa | Africa
Country Formal Relations BeganNotes See Algeria–Armenia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1992. See Angola–Armenia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1994. See Armenia–Benin relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 2007. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 2023. See Armenia–Burkina Faso relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1992. See Armenia–Burundi relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1992. See Armenia–Cameroon relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 2007. See Armenia–Cape Verde relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 2007. See Armenia–Central African Republic relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017. See Armenia–Chad relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 2006. See Armenia–Comoros relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 2008. See Armenia–Congo relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 2007. See Armenia–Côte d'Ivoire relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 13 May 1998. See Armenia–Democratic Republic of Congo relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 2015. See Armenia–Djibouti relationsIn October 2015, both countries Foreign Ministers met to discuss establishing diplomatic relations and possible ways of developing bilateral ties. Both countries officially established diplomatic relations on 22 May 2019 at the United Nations. See Armenia–Egypt relations
Egypt has an embassy in Yerevan.
Armenia has an embassy in Cairo.
Roughly 6,000 Armenians live in Egypt. See also Armenians in Egypt See Armenia–Equatorial Guinea relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1992. See Armenia–Eritrea relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1994. See Armenia–Eswatini relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 2013. See Armenia–Ethiopia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1993.
Armenia has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Ethiopia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
There is a small community of Armenians in Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa. See also Armenians in Ethiopia See Armenia–Gabon relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1994. See Armenia–Gambia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2018. See Armenia–Ghana relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1992. See Armenia–Guinea relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in 1992. See Armenia–Guinea-Bissau relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1992. See Armenia–Kenya relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 1993. See Armenia–Liberia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017. See Armenia–Libya relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in the year 2000. See Armenia–Madagascar relationsDiplomatic relations between Armenia and Madagascar were established on 25 June 1993. See Armenia–Malawi relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 2012. See Armenia–Mali relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994. See Armenia–Mauritania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 2008. See Armenia–Mauritius relationsDiplomatic relations between Armenia and Mauritius were established on 28 June 2013. See Armenia–Morocco relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in June 1992.
Morocco has an honorary consulate in Yerevan See Armenia–Mozambique relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1995. See Armenia–Namibia relationsDiplomatic relations between Armenia and Namibia were established on 2 October 2006. See Armenia–Niger relationsDiplomatic relations between Armenia and Niger were established on 26 November 2016. See Armenia–Nigeria relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993. See Armenia–Rwanda relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in 2004. There are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and the partially-recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.See Armenia–São Tomé and Príncipe relationsThere are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and São Tomé and Príncipe. See Armenia–Senegal relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 2004.
Armenia is represented by Senegal through its embassy in Moscow. See Armenia–Seychelles relationsDiplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 19 April 2006. See Armenia–Sierra Leone relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 2004. See Armenia–Somalia relationsDiplomatic relations between Armenia and Somalia were established on 28 June 2001. See Armenia–South Africa relationsDiplomatic relations between Armenia and South Africa were established on 23 June 1993.
Armenia is represented in South Africa through its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
South Africa is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.See Armenia–South Sudan relationsArmenia and South Sudan have not yet established diplomatic relations, however the Foreign Minister of Armenia stated that Armenia recognizes the Republic of South Sudan as an independent state on 9 July 2011. See Armenia–Sudan relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1992.
There is a small Armenian community in Sudan, most are concentrated in the Sudanese capital Khartoum. See Armenia–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in 1992. See Armenia–Togo relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 2013. See Armenia–Tunisia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 15 July 2002. See Armenia–Uganda relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 2013. See Armenia–Zambia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in 1993. See Armenia–Zimbabwe relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in 1992. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | The Americas | The Americas
Country Formal Relations BeganNotes See Antigua and Barbuda–Armenia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1993. See Argentina–Armenia relations
Argentina is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Yerevan.
Armenia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
Argentine parliament has recognized the Armenian genocide.
Around 135,000 ethnic Armenians live in the country.
List of Treaties ruling the relations Argentina and Armenia (Argentine Foreign Ministry, in Spanish) See Armenia–Bahamas relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017. See Armenia–Barbados relationsThere are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Barbados. See Armenia–Belize relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relation on 12 February 1999. See Armenia–Bolivia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1992.
Bolivia recognized the Armenian genocide in 2014. See Armenia–Brazil relations
Armenia has an embassy in Brasília.
Brazil has an embassy in Yerevan.
Brazil recognized the Armenian genocide in 2015.
There are between 80,000- 100,000 people of Armenian descent living in Brazil. See also Armenia–Canada relations, Embassy of Armenia in Ottawa, Armenian Canadian
Armenia has an embassy in Ottawa.
Canada has an embassy in Yerevan.
In 2004, the parliament of Canada recognized the Armenian Genocide.
There are approximately 65,000 Armenians in Canada
Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Armenian See Armenia–Chile relations
Armenia is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and maintains an honorary consulate in Santiago.
Chile is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia and maintains an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Chile recognized the Armenian genocide in 2007.
There are around 1,600 people of Armenian descent living in Chile.
Chile recognized the Armenian genocide on 14 September 2007.. Fuente Diario Armenia See Armenia–Colombia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1994.
Armenia is represented in Colombia through its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Colombia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
The city of Armenia, Colombia was renamed after Armenia in memory of the victims of the Armenian Genocide.
There are mainly 250 people of Armenian descent.http://www.soyarmenio.com.ar/2014/01/el-nombre-armenia-en-colombia-por.html 29 January 2014 See Armenia–Costa Rica relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1997. See Armenia–Cuba relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1992.
Armenia is represented in Cuba through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
Cuba is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia. See Armenia–Dominica relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 2019. See Armenia–Dominican Republic relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2007. See Armenia–Ecuador relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1997.
Ecuador is a member of the Andean Parliament which recognized the Armenian genocide in September 2016. See Armenia–El Salvador relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1999. See Armenia–Guatemala relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1998. See Armenia–Guyana relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 2003. See Armenia–Greenland relationsArmenia maintains relations with Greenland via Denmark, established on 14 January 1992.See Armenia–Grenada relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April. 2012. See Armenia–Haiti relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1999. See Armenia–Honduras relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 2011. See Armenia–Jamaica relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1995. See Armenia–Mexico relations
Armenia has an embassy in Mexico City.
Mexico is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia and an Honorary Consulate in Yerevan
There are approximately 400 Armenians living in Mexico and several thousand Mexicans of Armenian descent.
Mexico recognized the Armenian genocide in 2023.
See also: Armenians in Mexico See Armenia–Nicaragua relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1994. See Armenia–Panama relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 1998. See Armenia–Paraguay relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July. 1992.
In 2015, Paraguay recognized the Armenian Genocide. See Armenia–Peru relations
Peru recognized Armenia on 26 December 1991.
Peru is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
There are around 50 people of Armenian descent living in Peru.
Peru is a member of the Andean Parliament which recognized the Armenian genocide in September 2016. See Armenia–Saint Lucia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 2000. See Armenia–Saint Kitts and Nevis relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017. See Armenia–Saint Vincent and the Grenadines relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 2004. See Armenia–Suriname relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 24 July 1999. See Armenia–Trinidad and Tobago relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 2023.1920 & 1991 See Armenia–United States relationsThe dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 brought an end to the Cold War and created the opportunity for bilateral relations with the New Independent States (NIS) as they began a political and economic transformation. The U.S. recognized the independence of Armenia on 25 December 1991, and opened an embassy in Yerevan in February 1992.
Armenia has an embassy in Washington, D.C., a consulate-general in Los Angeles, and honorary consulates in Chicago, Fresno, and Las Vegas.
The United States has an embassy in Yerevan, which is the second-largest American embassy in the world.
As of 2022, all 50 U.S. states have fully recognized the Armenian Genocide.
The U.S. House of Representatives recognized the Armenian genocide on 29 October 2019.
The U.S. Senate recognized the Armenian genocide on 12 December 2019.
On 24 April 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden officially recognized the Armenian genocide.
There are approximately 1,500,000 Armenian Americans.
The Armenia–United States Strategic Partnership Charter was signed on 14 January 2025. See Armenia–Uruguay relations
Armenia has an embassy in Montevideo.
Uruguay has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are around 20,000 people of Armenian descent living in Uruguay.
Uruguay was the first country to recognize the Armenian genocide on 20 April 1965.
In May 2022, the two countries agreed to open embassies in each other's countries; Yerevan and Montevideo. See Armenia–Venezuela relations
Armenia has an honorary consulate in Caracas
Venezuela is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
There are around 4000 people of Armenian descent living in Venezuela.
Venezuelan parliament has recognized the Armenian genocide. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Asia | Asia
Country Formal relations beganNotes See Afghanistan–Armenia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1996.Relations suspended following the 2021 Taliban offensive.No diplomatic relationsSee Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Sumgait pogrom, Baku pogrom, Maraga massacre, Khachkar destruction in Nakhichevan, Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
The two nations have fought two wars in 1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War) and in the 1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), in the past century, with last one ended with provisional cease fire agreement signed in Bishkek. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute.During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azeris lived in relative peace under the Soviet iron fist. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with sporadic massacres in Azerbaijan against Armenians resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions which was effectively halted when the three sides agreed to observe a cease-fire which has been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 the sides also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is co-chaired by the U.S., France and Russia, and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.The sides are still technically at war. Citizens of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan. If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden to enter the Republic of Azerbaijan.In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the three sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020, the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ongoing Armenia-Azerbaijan border crisis have further deteriorated relations and heightened tension between the two nations. See Armenia–Bahrain relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in October 1996. See Armenia–Bangladesh relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 11 November 1992.
There is a small community of Armenians in the capital Dhaka, the neighborhood of Armanitola was named after the Armenian Community. See also Armenians in Bangladesh. See Armenia–Bhutan relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2012. See Armenia–Brunei Darussalam relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 2012. See Armenia–Cambodia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1992. See Armenia–China relations
China recognized Armenia on 21 December 1991.
Armenia has an embassy in Beijing.
China has an embassy in Yerevan.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, cultural exchange has been a major component of bilateral relations, as both nations recognize the importance of creating a strong foundation based upon their ancient and rich histories. See Armenia–Georgia relationsArmenians and Georgians have a lot in common. Both are ancient Christian civilizations with their own distinct alphabets. Both use the terms "Apostolic" and "Orthodox" in the full titles of their respective churches. They also use the term "Catholicos" to refer to their church patriarchs. Despite all this, however, Armenians and Georgians have tended to have a tenuous relationship (at times, sharing close bonds while at other times regarding each other as rivals).Today, relations with Georgia are of particular importance for Armenia because, under the economic blockade imposed by Turkey and Azerbaijan due to the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Georgia offers Armenia its only land connection with Europe and access to its Black Sea ports. However, because of Armenia's reliance on Russia and Georgia, both of whom fought the 2008 South Ossetia war and severed diplomatic and economic relations as a result; and as 70% of Armenia's imports entered via Georgia especially from Russia which has imposed an economic blockade on Georgia, Armenia also has been indirectly affected from this blockade as well. The development of close relations between Turkey and Georgia (such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and South Caucasus natural gas pipeline) have also weighed on the mutual relations. For example, on 20 March 2006, Georgian Ambassador to Armenia Revaz Gachechiladze stated, "We sympathize with the sister nation but taking decisions of the kind we should take into account the international situation. When the time comes Georgia will do everything within the limits of the possible for the recognition of the Armenian genocide by the international community including Georgia." However, Armenian-Georgian relations have begun to improve. On 10 May 2006, Armenia and Georgia agreed on the greater part of the lines of the state border between the two countries. The Javakheti region in southern Georgia contains a large Armenian population and although there have been local civic organizations (such as United Javakhk) pushing for autonomy, there has been no violence between Armenians and Georgians in the area.
Armenia has an embassy in Tbilisi and general consulate in Batumi.
Georgia has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are roughly 170,000 Armenians in Georgia today. See Armenia–India relations
Since 1999, Armenia has an embassy in New Delhi and two honorary consulates Mumbai, and Chennai.
India has an embassy in Yerevan.
Indian government is funding the renovation of schools in Lori region.
Around 700 Medical students are studying in Armenian universities.
Armenia recognizes Kashmir to be part of India and not of Pakistan.
Armenia supports India's bid for permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council. See Armenia–Indonesia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1992.
Armenia has an embassy in Jakarta
Indonesia has an honorary consulate in Yerevan
Armenia's Representative to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations is also located in Jakarta. See Armenia–Iran relationsDespite religious and ideological differences, relations between Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Iran remain cordial and Armenia and Iran are strategic partners in the region. Armenia and Iran enjoy cultural and historical ties that go back thousands of years. There are no border disputes between the two countries and the Christian Armenian minority in Iran enjoys official recognition. Of special importance is the cooperation in the field of energy security which lowers Armenia's dependence on Russia and can in the future also supply Iranian gas to Europe through Georgia and the Black Sea.
Armenia has an embassy in Tehran.
Iran has an embassy in Yerevan.
An estimated 200,000 Armenians live in Iran. See also Iranian Armenians See Armenia–Iraq relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in the year 2000
Armenia has an embassy in Baghdad
Iraq has an embassy in Yerevan
In 2015, Armenia announced it would establish a consulate general in Erbil, the capital of Kurdistan Region.
Today it is estimated that there are around 15,000 Armenians in Iraq.
Armenian is an official minority language in Iraq. See Armenia–Israel relationsSince independence, Armenia has received support from Israel. While both countries have diplomatic relations, neither maintained an embassy in the other country, until Armenia opened an embassy in Tel Aviv in 2020. Ehude Moshe Eytam, the Israeli ambassador to Armenia is based in Tbilisi, Georgia, and visits Yerevan twice a month. Israel has recognized 24 Armenians as Righteous Among the Nations for risking their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust.
Israel is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Tbilisi (Georgia) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Armenia has an embassy in Tel Aviv and an honorary consulate in Jerusalem.
Between 3,000 and 10,000 Armenians live in Israel. (See Armenians in Israel.)
One of the four quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem is known as the Armenian Quarter. See Armenia–Japan relations
Armenia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Yerevan.
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia
Japanese and Armenian relations See Armenia–Jordan relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1996.
Armenia is represented by a consulate in the capital Amman.
There are an estimated 3,000–5,000 Armenians living in the country today. See Armenia–Kazakhstan relations
Since 1992 Armenia first had its embassy in Almaty and later moved it to Astana.
Kazakhstan has an embassy in Yerevan.
Both countries are members of the Eurasian Union.
There are 25,000 people of Armenian descent living in Kazakhstan.
Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia See Armenia–Kuwait relations
Armenia has an embassy in Kuwait city.
Kuwait has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are around 6,000 people of Armenian descent living in Kuwait. 1993See Armenia–Kyrgyzstan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in January 1993 by protocol.
Armenia is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Astana, Kazakhstan and an honorary consulate in Bishkek.
Kyrgyzstan is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Collective Security Treaty Organization and Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area.
Around 1,000 Armenians live in the country. 1998See Armenia–Laos relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 1998. See Armenia–Lebanon relationsDiplomatic relations between Armenia and Lebanon were established on 4 March 1992.Armenian-Lebanese relations are very friendly. Lebanon is host to the eighth largest Armenian population in the world with around 160,000 Armenians in the country. Lebanon is the only member of the Arab League, much less of the Middle East and the Islamic World that recognizes the Armenian genocide. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Armenia announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on 27 July 2006.Armenia To Provide Relief To Lebanon , Armenialiberty.org.Armenia Sent Humanitarian Assistance To Lebanon , PanArmenian.NetIn September 2009 Mr. Ashot Kocharian was appointed the Ambassador of Armenia in Lebanon. On 18 April 2013, the newly appointed Ambassador of Lebanon to Armenia Mr. Jean Makaron presented his credentials to the President of Armenia.On 4 March 2016, Mr. Samvel Mkrtchyan was appointed the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to the Lebanese Republic.
Armenian is a recognized minority language in Lebanon.
Armenia has an embassy in Beirut.
Lebanon has an embassy in Yerevan. See Armenia–Malaysia relations
Armenia is represented in Malaysia through embassy in New Delhi (India).
Malaysia is represented in Armenia through embassy in Moscow (Russia). 1995See Armenia–Maldives relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995. 1992See Armenia–Mongolia relations* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1992.
Armenia is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China. See Armenia–Myanmar relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 2013. See Armenia–Nepal relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1993.13 February 1992See Armenia–North Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) started on 13 February 1992. See Armenia–Oman relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in July 1992.
Oman has an honorary consulate in Yerevan.See Armenia–Pakistan relationsArmenia-Pakistan relations are poor owing to disagreements between the two countries. The main issue is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Pakistan is a major supporter of Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Pakistan also does not recognize Armenia despite Armenia recognizing Pakistan. Pakistan does not recognize the Armenian genocide and maintains that during the war large number of Armenians and Muslims were killed. Armenia also has friendly relations with India, which Pakistan heavily opposes. See Armenia–Palestine relationsOn 21 June 2024, the Armenian government recognized the State of Palestine. On 27 September 2024, diplomatic relations were established. See Armenia–Philippines relations
The Philippines has a consulate in Yerevan.
Armenia has a consulate in Manila. See Armenia–Qatar relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1997.
Approximately 5,500 Armenians live in Qatar, mostly in the capital Doha. See also Armenians in Qatar.
Armenia has an embassy in Doha.
Qatar has an embassy in Yerevan.See Armenia–Saudi Arabia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 2023.
Armenia is represented in Saudi Arabia through its embassy in Abu Dhabi, (United Arab Emirates).
Saudi Arabia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Tbilisi, (Georgia). See Armenia–Singapore relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1992.21 February 1992 See Armenia–South Korea relationsThe establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Korea began on 21 February 1992.
The Republic of Korea and the Republic of Armenia Policy Consultation will deal with ways to vitalize high-level exchanges promote substantive cooperation and work together on regional and global issues.
Armenia has an honorary consulate in Seoul.
The Republic of Korea has an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Bilateral trade in 2014:
Exports : $15 million (textile, automobile)
Imports : $3 million (animal feed, rubber)
The number of the South Korean citizens living in Armenia in 2019 was about 373. See Armenia–Sri Lanka relations
Armenia is represented in Sri Lanka through the Embassy of Armenia in New Delhi.
Sri Lanka is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan. Syria See Armenia–Syria relations
Armenia has an embassy in Damascus and a consulate general in Aleppo and honorary consulate in Der ez-Zor .
Since 1997, Syria has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are around 150,000 people of Armenian descent living in the Syria. During the Armenian genocide, the main killing fields of Armenians were located in the Syrian desert of Deir ez-Zor. In 2015, the government of Syria recognized the Armenian Genocide.
Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Syrian embassy in Yerevan 1992See Armenia–Tajikistan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1992 by protocol.
Armenia is represented in Tajikistan through its embassy in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan and an honorary consulate in Dushanbe.
Tajikistan is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Collective Security Treaty Organization and Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area.
There are roughly 3,000 Armenians living in Tajikistan. 1992See Armenia–Thailand relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992 by protocol.
Armenia has an honorary consulate in Bangkok.
Thailand is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia and an honorary consulate in Yerevan. See Armenia–Timor-Leste relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 2003. No formal diplomatic relationsSee Armenia–Turkey relationsTurkey was one of the first countries to recognize Armenia's independence in 1991. Despite this, for most of the 20th century and early 21st century, relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries for numerous reasons. Some bones of contention include the unresolved Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan (which has resulted in Turkey imposing a blockade on Armenia that is still in effect today), the treatment of Armenians in Turkey, the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, and the Armenian claim of Turkey's holding of historic Armenian lands (ceded to them in the Treaty of Kars, a treaty which Armenia refuses to recognize to this day since it was signed between the Soviet Union and Turkey, and not between Armenia and Turkey proper). At the forefront of all disputes, however, is the issue surrounding the Armenian Genocide. The killing and deportation of between one and one-and-a-half million Armenians from the Ottoman Empire orchestrated by the Young Turks is a taboo subject in Turkey itself as the Turkish government refuses to acknowledge that a genocide ever happened. However, since Turkey has become a candidate to join the European Union, limited discussion of the event is now taking place in Turkey. Some in the European Parliament have even suggested that one of the provisions for Turkey to join the E.U. should be the full recognition of the event as genocide.On 5 June 2005, Armenian President Robert Kocharian announced that he was ready to "continue dialogue with Azerbaijan for the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and with Turkey on establishing relations without any preconditions." Armenia has also stated that as a legal successor to the Armenian SSR, it is loyal to the Treaty of Kars and all agreements inherited by the former Soviet Armenian government. Yet Turkey continues to lay preconditions on relations, insisting that Armenia abandon its efforts to have the Genocide recognized, which official Yerevan is not willing to do.In the wake of the 2008 South Ossetia war between Georgia and Russia, Armenia and Turkey have shown signs of an inclination to reconsider their relationship. According to The Economist magazine, 70% of Armenia's imports enter via Georgia. Because of the apparently belligerent posture of the Russian state, economic ties with Turkey appear especially attractive."Turkey and Armenia; Friends and Neighbors, rising hopes of better relations between two historic enemies", The Economist, 27 September 2008, p. 67.In 2021, Armenia and Turkey appointed their special representatives as part of the normalization process. It is estimated that around 70,000 Armenians live in Turkey today, down from nearly 2 million before the start of the Armenian genocide in 1915. See Armenians in Turkey.
Armenia does not have a diplomatic mission in Turkey.
Turkey does not have a diplomatic mission in Armenia. See Armenia–Turkmenistan relations
Armenia has an embassy in Ashgabat.
Turkmenistan has an embassy in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
There are between 20,000 and 32,000 people of Armenian descent living in Turkmenistan. See Armenia–United Arab Emirates relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and the UAE were established on 25 June 1998.
Armenia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are around 3,500 people of Armenian descent living in the United Arab Emirates.
Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: presentation of the Emirati ambassador's credentials to the Armenian Foreign Minister See Armenia–Uzbekistan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1995 by protocol.
Uzbekistan is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area.
Around 70,000 Armenians live in Uzbekistan. See Armenia–Vietnam relations
Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Vietnam were established on 14 July 1992.
Armenia has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia. See Armenia–Yemen relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1995. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Europe | Europe
Country Formal relations beganNotes See Albania–Armenia relations
Armenia is represented in Albania through its embassy in Athens, (Greece).
Albania is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Athens, (Greece).
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Andorra–Armenia relations
Armenia is represented in Andorra through its embassy in Paris, (France).
Andorra is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Paris, (France). See Armenia–Austria relations
Armenia has an embassy in Vienna.
Austria has an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Approximately 6,000 Armenians live in Austria. See Armenians in Austria.
Austria recognized the Armenian genocide in 2015.
Armenia's permanent representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is located in Vienna.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Belarus relations
Armenia has an embassy in Minsk.
Belarus has an embassy in Yerevan and honorary consulate in Gyumri.
Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Union.
Approximately 30,000 Armenians live in Belarus, mainly in Minsk. See also Armenians in Belarus.
Armenia's permanent representative to the Commonwealth of Independent States is located in Minsk, Belarus. See Armenia–Belgium relations
Armenia has an embassy in Brussels.
Belgium is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow.
Around 8,000 Armenians live in Belgium.
Belgium recognized the Armenian genocide in 1998.
Armenia's permanent representative to the European Union is located in Brussels.
Armenia's permanent representative to NATO is located in Brussels. See Armenia–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
Bosnia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow. See Armenia–Bulgaria relations
Armenia has an embassy in Sofia and honorary consulates in Plovdiv and Varna.
Since 19 December 1999, Bulgaria has an embassy in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation.
There are around 50,000 people of Armenian descent living in Bulgaria.
Bulgaria recognized the Armenian genocide in 2015. See Armenia–Croatia relations
Armenia is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and honorary consulate in Zagreb.
Croatia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Athens (Greece) and honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Cyprus relations
Cyprus was the second country to recognise the Armenian genocide, on 24 April 1975.
Armenia has an embassy in Nicosia.
Cyprus has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are over 3.500 people of Armenian descent living in Cyprus.[57]
Armenian is an official minority language in Cyprus.
Vahan Ovanesyan of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation visited Cyprus on 24 January 2001 to take part in celebrations of the 110th anniversary of the federation.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Czech Republic relations
Armenia is represented in Czech Republic through its embassy in Prague.
The Czech Republic is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Yerevan.
The Czech Republic has recognized the Armenian Genocide.
There are around 12,000 people of Armenian descent living in the Czech Republic.
Armenia and Czechia signed an agreement on military-technical cooperation.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Denmark relations
Armenia is represented in Denmank through its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Denmark is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine and honorary consulate in Yerevan.
On 26 January 2017, the Parliament of Denmark approved a resolution condemning Turkish violence and massacres against Armenians during the Armenian Genocide.
There are approximately 3,000 Armenians in Denmark.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.See Armenia–Estonia relations
Armenia is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Vilnius (Lithuania) and an honorary consulate in Tallinn.
Estonia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Athens (Greece) and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
There are approximately 3,000 Armenians in Estonia.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Finland relations
Before 1918, both countries were part of the Russian Empire. Finland recognised Armenia on 30 December 1991. Armenia is represented in Finland by a non-resident ambassador (based in Stockholm, Sweden). Finland is represented in Armenia by a non-resident ambassador (based in Helsinki at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan. Around 1,000 people of Armenian descent live in Finland.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–France relationsFranco-Armenian relations have existed since the French and the Armenians established contact in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and are close to this day. 2006 was proclaimed the Year of Armenia in France.
Armenia has an embassy in Paris and honorary consulates in Lyon and Marseille.
France has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are around 750,000 Armenians in France. See also Armenians in France.
France recognized the Armenian genocide in 1998.
Armenia's permanent representative to the Council of Europe is located in Strasbourg, France.
Armenia's permanent representative to the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie is located in Paris, France. See Armenia–Germany relations
Armenia has an embassy in Berlin and honorary consulate in Karlsruhe.
Germany has an embassy in Yerevan.
Between 90,000 and 110,000 Armenians live in Germany today. See also Armenians in Germany.
Germany recognized the Armenian genocide in 2005. See Armenia–Greece relationsGreece was one of the first countries to recognize Armenia's independence on 21 September 1991, and one of those that have officially recognized the Armenian Genocide. Since the independence of Armenia the two countries have been partners within the framework of international organizations (United Nations, OSCE, Council of Europe, BSEC), whilst Greece firmly supports the community programs aimed at further developing relations between the EU and Armenia.Continuous visits of the highest level have shown that both countries want to continue to improve the levels of friendship and cooperation (Visit by the President of Armenia Levon Ter-Petrossian to Greece in 1996, visit by the President of the Hellenic Republic Costis Stephanopoulos in 1999, visit by the President of Armenia Robert Kocharyan to Greece in 2000 and 2005 and visit by Greek president Karolos Papoulias to Armenia in June 2007).Greece is, after Russia, the major military partner of Armenia. Armenian officers are trained in Greek military academies, and various technical assistance is supplied by Greece. Since 2003, an Armenian platoon has been deployed in Kosovo as part of KFOR, where they operate as a part of the Greek battalion of KFOR. It is estimated that around 80,000 Armenians live in Greece.
Armenia has an embassy in Athens and an honorary consulate in Thessaloniki.
Greece has an embassy in Yerevan.
Greece recognized the Armenian genocide in 1996.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Holy See relations
Armenia maintains an embassy in the Vatican.
In 2000, the Vatican recognized the Armenian Genocide.
The Holy See maintains an Apostolic Nunciature in Yerevan. See Armenia–Hungary relations
Armenia is represented in Hungary through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
Hungary is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Tbilisi (Georgia) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
There are around 30,000 people of Armenian descent living in Hungary.
Armenian is an official minority language in Hungary.See Armenia–Iceland relations
Iceland is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia and an honorary consulate in Yerevan. See Armenia–Ireland relations
Ireland recognized Armenia's independence in December 1991.
Armenia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London and through an honorary consulate in Dublin.
Ireland is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria) and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
There is a small Armenian community in Ireland, mostly in Dublin. See Armenia–Italy relations
Armenia has an embassy in Rome. and honorary consulate in Milan.
Italy has an embassy in Yerevan and an honorary consulate in Gyumri.
Italy has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2000.
There are around 4,000 people of Armenian descent living in Italy.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.See Armenia–Kosovo relations
Armenia has not established diplomatic relations with Kosovo. See Armenia–Latvia relations
Armenia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Vilnius (Lithuania).
Latvia is represented in Armenia through a non-resident ambassador based in Riga (at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Latvia recognized the Armenian genocide in 2021.
There are around 5,000 people of Armenian descent living in Latvia.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Liechtenstein relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 2008. See Armenia–Lithuania relations
Armenia has an embassy in Vilnius.
Lithuania has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are around 2,500 people of Armenian descent living in Lithuania. See also Armenians in Lithuania.
Lithuania recognized the Armenian genocide in 2005.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Luxembourg relations
Armenia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels, (Belgium), and an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.
Luxembourg maintains a consulate in Yerevan.
Luxembourg recognized the Armenian genocide in 2015.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Malta relations
Armenia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome.
Malta is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Warsaw and honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Around 500 Armenians live in Malta.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Moldova relations
Armenia has an embassy in Chișinău.
Moldova is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.
There are around 8000 people of Armenian descent living in Moldova.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Monaco relations
Armenia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Monaco does not have an accreditation to Armenia.See Armenia–Montenegro relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 2006.
Armenia is represented in Montenegro through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic) and an honorary consulate in Podgorica.
Montenegro is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Netherlands relations and Armenians in the Netherlands
Armenia has an embassy in The Hague and honorary consulate in Hilversum.
The Netherlands has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are between 12,000 and 20,000 people of Armenian descent living in the Netherlands.
The Netherlands recognized the Armenian genocide in 2004.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.See Armenia–North Macedonia relationsBoth countries established relations on 27 April 1993. See Armenia–Norway relations
Armenia is represented in Norway through its embassy in Copenhagen (Denmark).
Norway has an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Approximately 2,000 Armenians live in Norway.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Poland relations
Armenia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Poland has an embassy in Yerevan.
There are around 50,000 Armenians in Poland. Armenian is an official minority language in Poland. See also Armenians in Poland
See also Poles in Armenia
Poland recognized the Armenian genocide in 2005.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Portugal relations
Armenia is represented in Portugal through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and honorary consulates in Lisbon and Porto.
Portugal is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Portugal recognized the Armenian genocide in 2019.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
One of the most notable Armenians who resided in Portugal was Calouste Gulbenkian. He was a wealthy Armenian businessman and philanthropist, who made Lisbon the headquarters for his businesses. He established the international charity, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon. He also founded the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon. See Armenia–Romania relations
Armenia has an embassy in Bucharest.
Romania has an embassy in Yerevan.
Around 10,000 Armenians live in Romania.
Armenian is an official minority language in Romania.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Russia relationsArmenia's most notable recent foreign policy success came with 29 August treaty with Russia on friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance, in which Moscow committed itself to the defense of Armenia should it be attacked by a third party. Russia is the key regional security player, and has proved a valuable historical ally for Armenia. Although it appeared as a response to Aliyev's US trip, the treaty had probably long been under development. However, it is clear from the wider context of Armenian foreign policy that—while Yerevan welcomes the Russian security guarantee—the country does not want to rely exclusively on Moscow, nor to become part of a confrontation between Russian and US-led alliances in the Transcaucasus.
Armenia has an embassy in Moscow and general consulates Rostov-on-Don and Saint Petersburg and honorary consulates in Kaliningrad and Sochi.
Russia has an embassy in Yerevan and general consulate in Gyumri.
Armenia's permanent representative to the CSTO is located in Moscow.
Russia has recognized the Armenian genocide in 1995.
Armenia joined the Russian-led Eurasian Union in 2015.
It is estimated that there are between 2,500,000 and 2,900,000 million Armenians in Russia. See Armenia–San Marino relations
Armenia is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
San Marino has an honorary consulte in Yerevan. See Armenia–Serbia relations
Armenia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece) and honorary consulate in Belgrad.
Serbia has an embassy in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Slovakia relations
Armenia is represented in Slovakia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic).
Slovakia has an embassy in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of the Council of Europe.
Between 24 and 28 February 2008, Slovak Foreign Minister Ján Kubiš made an official visit to Armenia.
Slovakia recognized the Armenian genocide in 2004.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Slovenia relations
Armenia is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic) and an honorary consulate in Ljubljana.
Slovenia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Sovereign Military Order of Malta relations
Diplomatic relations were established on 29 May 1998.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintains an embassy in Yerevan.
The Order of Malta has recognized the Armenian Genocide. See Armenia–Spain relations
Armenia has an embassy in Madrid and there are two honorary consulates in Valencia and Barcelona.
Spain is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
Five regional parliaments in Spain including the Balearic Islands, Aragon, Navarre, Basque Country and Catalonia as well as 29 municipalities have recognized the Armenian Genocide.
Around 80,000 Armenians live in Spain.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Sweden relations
Armenia has an embassy in Stockholm.
Sweden has an embassy in Yerevan in 2014.
Sweden recognized the Armenian genocide in 2010.
Around 5,000–8,000 Armenians live in Sweden. See also Armenians in Sweden.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See Armenia–Switzerland relations
The Armenian ambassador to Switzerland and the Swiss ambassador to Armenia (based in Yerevan, Armenia) were both accredited in 2011.
The Armenian ambassador to Switzerland is based in Geneva, in the Armenian representation to the United Nations.
Switzerland maintains an embassy in Yerevan.
There are roughly 5,000 Armenians in Switzerland.
Switzerland recognized the Armenian genocide in 2003.
Armenia's representative to the World Trade Organization is also located in Geneva.
Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia See Armenia–Ukraine relationsArmenian–Ukrainian relations have lasted for centuries and today are cordial. Relations between Armenia and Ukraine have deflated since Armenia recognized the disputed referendum in Crimea and its subsequent annexation by Russia, and Ukraine has withdrawn its ambassador to Armenia for consultations. The Ukrainian government has asserted that this is temporary and that diplomatic relations between the two states shall indeed continue.
Armenia has an embassy in Kyiv and consulates in Odesa and Yalta.
Ukraine has an embassy in Yerevan and honorary consulate in Gyumri.
Armenian is an official minority language in Ukraine.
An estimated 250,000 Armenians live in Ukraine.
Crimea recognized the Armenian genocide in 2005. See Armenia–United Kingdom relations
The United Kingdom recognised Armenia on 31 December 1991.
The first embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Europe was established in London in October 1992.
Since 1995, the United Kingdom has had an embassy in Yerevan.British embassy in Yerevan
The two countries maintain collaborative and friendly relations, however the United Kingdom does not recognize the Armenian genocide, as it considers that the evidence is not clear enough to respectively consider "the terrible events that afflicted the Ottoman Armenian population at the beginning of the last century" genocide under the 1948 UN convention. The British government states the "massacres were an appalling tragedy" and states that this was the view of the government during that period. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland consider it to be a genocide, and there is a memorial in Cardiff, Wales.
There are approximately 20,000 Armenians in the UK, mostly in Greater London and Manchester.
British Foreign and Commonwealth Office about relations with Armenia |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Oceania | Oceania
Country Formal Relations BeganNotes See Armenia–Australia relations
The first Armenians migrated to Australia in the 1850s, during the gold rush.
The majority came to Australia in the 1960s, starting with the Armenians of Egypt after Nasser came to power then, in the early 1970s, from Cyprus after the Turkish occupation of the island and from 1975 until 1992, a period of civil unrest in Lebanon.
Person-to-person governmental links are increasing although they are still modest. In September 2003, The Hon Mr Philip Ruddock MP visited Armenia in his former capacity as Australian Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs. In October 2005, the Armenian Foreign Minister, H.E. Mr Vardan Oskanyan, visited Australia. In November 2005, The Hon Mr Joe Hockey MP, Minister for Human Services, visited Armenia.
The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia refuses to recognise the mass murder of Armenians in 1915 as Genocide, although the State of New South Wales and South Australia passed a law recognising the Armenian Genocide. The Australian Government elections of 2007 created an atmosphere in which the Opposition Labor party declared it will push for the Recognition of the Armenian genocide in Australian Parliament if Labor wins the Elections.
There are around 60,000 Armenians in Australia.
Australia maintains a consulate in Yerevan. See Armenia–Fiji relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 2010. See Armenia–Kiribati relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018. See Armenia–Marshall Islands relationsThere are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and the Marshall Islands. See Armenia–Micronesia relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017. See Armenia–Nauru relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2017. See Armenia–New Zealand relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1992.
Armenia is represented by New Zealand through its embassy in Moscow.
There is a small Armenian community in New Zealand, mostly in Auckland. See Armenia–Palau relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2017. See Armenia–Papua New Guinea relationsThere are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Papua New Guinea. See Armenia–Samoa relationsThere are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Samoa. See Armenia–Solomon Islands relationsThere are no diplomatic relations between Armenia and Solomon Islands. See Armenia–Tuvalu relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 2012. See Armenia–Vanuatu relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2013. |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Other international organizations | Other international organizations
Armenia is additionally a full member, unless otherwise noted, in the following international organizations, programs and treaties: |
Foreign relations of Armenia | See also | See also
Armenia and the International Criminal Court
Armenia and the United Nations
Armenia–BSEC relations
Armenia in the Council of Europe
Armenia–European Union relations
Armenia–NATO relations
Armenia–OSCE relations
Armenian diaspora
Armenian population by urban area
Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
Foreign relations of Artsakh
List of ambassadors of Armenia
List of diplomatic missions in Armenia
List of diplomatic missions of Armenia
List of ministers of foreign affairs of Armenia
Politics of Europe
Visa policy of Armenia
Visa requirements for Armenian citizens |
Foreign relations of Armenia | Footnotes | Footnotes |
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