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Sexuality Research and Social Policy | Table of Content | Primary sources, External links |
Blue Love (album) | use dmy dates | Blue Love is a studio album by Greek singing duo Antique. The songs are mainly the English versions of the songs featured on Alli Mia Fora. The album was released in Scandinavia by Bonnier Music, and in Greece by V2 Records. It peaked on the Greek Foreign Albums Chart at number one. In June 2008, the album was reprinted and reissued by Bonnier Music.
To promote the album, a release party was organised at the restaurant Hamburger Börs in Sweden, which was styled as a Greek taverna for the event on 7 May 2003. |
Blue Love (album) | Track listing | Track listing |
Blue Love (album) | Charts | Charts
ChartPeak positionGreek International Albums Chart1Finnish Albums Chart31Swedish Albums Chart13 |
Blue Love (album) | References | References
Category:Antique (band) compilation albums
Category:2003 compilation albums
Category:2000s Greek-language albums
Category:V2 Records compilation albums |
Blue Love (album) | Table of Content | use dmy dates, Track listing, Charts, References |
File:Sheideh.jpg | Summary | Summary |
File:Sheideh.jpg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Sheideh.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
William Myers (British politician) | short description | right|thumb|200px|Myers in 1895.
William Henry Myers (30 November 1854 – 21 December 1933) was an English Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1892 to 1906.
Myers was elected Member of Parliament for Winchester in 1892. He held the seat until 1906.
Myers died at the age of 79. |
William Myers (British politician) | References | References |
William Myers (British politician) | External links | External links
Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Category:UK MPs 1892–1895
Category:UK MPs 1895–1900
Category:UK MPs 1900–1906
Category:1933 deaths
Category:1854 births |
William Myers (British politician) | Table of Content | short description, References, External links |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | [[File:Bai Bureh (1898).jpg | thumbnail|Bai Bureh, leader of the Temne rebellion, under arrest in 1898.
The Hut Tax War of 1898 was a resistance in the newly annexed Protectorate of Sierra Leone to a new tax imposed by the colonial governor. The British had established the Protectorate to demonstrate their dominion over the territory to other European powers following the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885.David Harris, Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution, Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia, I.B. Tauris, 2012, p. 40 The tax constituted a major burden on residents of the Protectorate; 24 indigenous chiefs had signed a petition against it, explaining its adverse effects on their societies, to no avail. The immediate catalyst for hostilities was an attempt by British colonial officials to arrest the Temne chief Bai Bureh, a general and war strategist, on the basis of rumours. Although often depicted as the chief who initiated an armed resistance in the North in 1898, late 20th-century sources suggest he was unfairly identified by the colonial government as a primary instigator, with the government's hostile actions provoking the war. Later that year, resistance arose in the south by the leading Mende. |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | Background | Background
The rebellion was sparked by a new taxation policy introduced by the governor of Sierra Leone, Colonel Frederic Cardew. In order to fund the British colonial government's expenses, Cardew implemented a hut tax on 1 January 1898, which stipulated that all residents of the colony would pay a tax to the government based on the size of their huts; the owner of a four-roomed hut was to be taxed ten shillings annually, while those with smaller huts would pay five shillings instead.Edward Breck, "In Foreign Lands: The Sierra Leone Massacre", New York Times (29 May 1898).
The tax immediately proved unpopular in Sierra Leone, as it was beyond the financial means of many of the colony's inhabitants. Another factor which provoked anti-colonial anger was the government's decision to tax unoccupied dwellings. Cardew also demanded that all chiefs in Sierra Leone implement a system of corvée to maintain the colony's infrastructure, which did not give most of the colonial population (who were subsistence farmers) sufficient time to harvest their crops. In response to the tax, 24 chiefs signed a petition addressed to Cardew, explaining the negative effects it was having on their societies and requesting that he rescind the tax; as noted by historian Arthur Abraham, many chiefs perceived the tax as an attack on their sovereignty. |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | Bai Bureh's revolt | Bai Bureh's revolt
In the same year as the tax was introduced by Cardew, two rebellions against British colonial rule broke out in the hinterlands of Sierra Leone. One was led by 61-year old Temne chief Bai Bureh, who led a mixed force of Tenme and Loko rebels in open revolt in the northeast of the colony. The other rebellion was in the southeast, and was led by Mende chief Momoh Jah. Bureh was provoked to revolt by an arrest warrant issued by the colonial government, which was intended to serve as a show of force to preemptively discourage any potential rebellion. In February 1898, Bureh initiated the revolt, launching attacks on British colonial officials and Creole merchants with his rebels. Despite the ongoing rebellion, Bureh dispatched two peace overtures to the British in April and June of that year, aided by the mediation of Limba chief Almamy Suluku. Cardew rejected both offers, as Bureh would not agree to surrender unconditionally.
Bureh quickly gained the support of several prominent African chiefs, including Kissi chief Kai Londo and Suluku, both of whom dispatched warriors and weaponry to Bureh's rebels, who were engaged in fighting against Captain W. S. Sharpe, a district commissioner who had previously been engaged in enforcing the tax with the Sierra Leone Frontier Police. During the initial stages of the rebellion, Bureh's rebels were able to fight the British colonial forces to a standstill, with high casualties on both sides. The rebels also engaged in attacks on anyone suspected of collaborating with the British, murdering several including Creole trader Johnny Taylor, who was hacked to death by rebel forces.
Cardew responded to the rebellion by dispatching all the forces available to him to attack the rebels. However, after several months, the rebels still had not been defeated, which led him to order a scorched earth policy in response, which stipulated that villages and farmlands in rebel-controlled territory would be burnt. This new policy severely impacted Bureh's war effort, sharply reducing the amount of provisions available to feed his rebels. Eventually, Cardew's scorched earth policy led to Bureh abandoning the rebellion, surrendering to the British colonial government on 11 November 1898; the rebellion had lasted for approximately nine months. Despite British government officials recommending leniency to Bureh, Cardew had him (along with fellow rebels Kpana Lewis and Nyagua) sent into exile in the Gold Coast. Nine months after the rebellion, the colonial government convicted and executed ninety-six rebels which had been found guilty of murder by hanging. In 1905, Bureh was allowed by the British to return to Sierra Leone, where he reassumed his chieftaincy at the settlement of Kasseh. Bureh later gave an oral account of his experiences during the rebellion to Rev. Allen Elba, who sent an account to Cardew, although historians have often ignored this material. |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | Mende revolt | Mende revolt
Occurring concurrently with the rebellion in the north, another uprising broke out, led by disaffected Mende chiefs and warriors from the Sierra Leonean hinterland (joined by a small number of Sherbro) who also opposed the hut tax.Corby, Richard A. Educating Africans for Inferiority under British Rule: Bo School in Sierra Leone. Comparative Education Review, vol. 34, no. 3, 1990, pp. 314–49. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1187988. Accessed 10 Jul. 2022. The rebels attacked colonial officials and Creole merchants, killing between 300 and 500 over the course of the rebellion.LaRay Denzer and Michael Crowder, Bai Bureh and the Sierra Leone Hut Tax War of 1898, in Protest and Power in Black Africa, ed. Robert I. Rotberg and Ali A. Mazrui (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970) Cardew responded to the rebellion by dispatching a military force under Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. A. Marshall's command to attack the rebels, which managed to defeat most of them after numerous small-scale skirmishes.Fyfe, History of Sierra Leone, pp. 558-607 Most of the ninety-six rebels executed by hanging for murder nine months after the rebellion were Mende.Arthur Abraham, Mende Government and Politics under Colonial Rule (Freetown: Sierra Leone University Press, 1978), pp. 114-69. |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | Aftermath | Aftermath
For the British, the rebellion had been one of their larger colonial campaigns in West Africa during the Victorian era. Apart from support units and a 280-man strong naval brigade, British colonial forces consisted of detachments from the West India Regiments, the newly-formed West Africa Regiment, the Sierra Leone Frontier Police and local African levies. These forces combined suffered 67 killed and 184 wounded during the rebellion, in addition to the deaths of 90 African porters and an unknown number of casualties among the levies (which were not recorded). The defeat in the Hut Tax War ended large-scale organised armed opposition to colonialism in Sierra Leone. But resistance and opposition took other forms, particularly intermittent, wide-scale rioting and chaotic labour disturbances. Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "many tens of thousands" of natives in the protectorate.Martin Killson, Political Change in a West African State: A Study of the Modernization Process in Sierra Leone, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1966, p. 60. Also pp. 106, 107, 110, 111, 186–88 on other riots and strikes. |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | Notes | Notes |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | References | References
BBC News: The Story of Africa: Tax Wars
Christopher Fyfe, A History of Sierra Leone (1962), Gregg Revivals, |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | Further reading | Further reading
David Harris, Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution, Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia, I.B. Tauris, 2012
Despatches of Frederic Cardew, Governor; and Colonel Edward Woodgate, commanding troops, on the 1898 operations in Sierra Leone. London Gazette, 29 December 1899, pp 8650–54.
Category:1898 in Africa
Category:1898 in Sierra Leone
Category:African resistance to colonialism
Category:British West Africa
Category:Hut Tax War of 1898
Category:Tax resistance
de:Geschichte Sierra Leones#Mende-Temne-Krieg von 1898 |
Hut Tax War of 1898 | Table of Content | [[File:Bai Bureh (1898).jpg, Background, Bai Bureh's revolt, Mende revolt, Aftermath, Notes, References, Further reading |
Lloyd Voss | Short description | Lloyd John Voss (February 13, 1942 — March 1, 2007) was an American football defensive end. He was drafted in the first round by the Green Bay Packers in the 1964 NFL draft. He played most of his career with the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Voss reportedly died of liver and kidney failure. |
Lloyd Voss | References | References
Packer Report March 3, 2007
Category:1942 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:People from Adrian, Minnesota
Category:Players of American football from Minnesota
Category:American football defensive ends
Category:Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
Category:Green Bay Packers players
Category:Pittsburgh Steelers players
Category:Denver Broncos players
Category:Deaths from kidney failure in the United States
Category:20th-century American sportsmen |
Lloyd Voss | Table of Content | Short description, References |
Soko Richardson | short description | Eulis Soko Richardson (December 8, 1939 – January 29, 2004) was an American rhythm and blues drummer. His career spanned almost fifty years, during which he performed and recorded with seminal groups including John Mayall's Bluesbreakers and the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. He is perhaps best known for his innovative arrangement of Ike & Tina Turner's version of the Creedence Clearwater Revival song "Proud Mary."Soko Richardson . Press release. Pressnetwork.com. January 30, 2004.Noted Soul Drummer Soko Richardson Dies. February 2004. |
Soko Richardson | Biography | Biography
Richardson was born and raised in New Iberia, Louisiana. He began his musical career at the age of 16, when he left home to tour the South with local bands. Shortly thereafter Ike Turner, upon hearing Richardson play in Texas, hired him to play with his band, the Kings of Rhythm, and then later with the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Richardson worked with Turner for the next ten years. His ex-wife Edna Richardson was an Ikette in the revue as well. In 1971, Richardson's arrangement of the Creedence Clearwater Revival song "Proud Mary" reached No. 4 on the pop chart and No. 5 on the R&B chart. It became a signature song for Ike & Tina Turner and won them a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group in 1972.The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (rev. ed., 2001). New York: Fireside/Simon & Schuster. pp. 1010 . He continued performing with the Turners on-and-off until 1974.
In 1971, Richardson joined John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, with whom he would tour and record for the next decade, playing with many of the diverse artists to whom Mayall gave a start.John Mayall's Bluesbreakers accessed March 7, 2007John Mayall Albums Accessed March 7, 2007.The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. p. 621.
In the mid-1980s, Richardson joined Albert Collins and the Icebreakers and became an influential figure in the Chicago blues scene. He helped earn the Icebreakers the W. C. Handy Award as Blues Band of the Year in 1985. In 1988, Richardson rejoined Ike Turner, who hadn't performed in 12 years following his split with Tina Turner.
Over the years Richardson recorded with many other artists, including Pee Wee Crayton, Bobby Womack and the English guitarist Terry Reid, with whom he was recording an album at the time of his death. Though limited by health problems in later years, he continued to perform and record and to sit in on jam sessions with friends. He played his last gig a few weeks before his death, at a club with Reid.
Richardson died in the early hours of January 29, 2004, in his home in Los Angeles, from complications of diabetes. He was 64.John Mayall Newsletter . Accessed March 7, 2007. He was survived by two daughters, Rosalyn and Dia Richardson, and three grandchildren. |
Soko Richardson | Partial discography | Partial discography |
Soko Richardson | With Ike & Tina Turner | With Ike & Tina Turner
1966: River Deep – Mountain High, Ike & Tina Turner (London Records)
1969: A Black Man's Soul, Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm (Pompeii Records)
1971: What You Hear is What You Get, Ike & Tina Turner (United Artists Records)
1972: Strange Fruit, Family Vibes (United Artists Records)
1991: Proud Mary: The Best of Ike & Tina Turner (EMI) |
Soko Richardson | With John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers | With John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers
1974: The Latest Edition (Polydor)
1975: New Year, New Band, New Company (ABC/One Way)
1975: Notice to Appear (ABC/One Way)
1976: Banquet in Blues (ABC/One Way)
1977: A Hard Core Package (ABC/One Way)
1978: Last of the British Blues (ABC/OneWay), live recording
1982: Road Show Blues (DJM) |
Soko Richardson | With Albert Collins | With Albert Collins
1988: In Concert (MVD), live DVD
1991: Iceman (Virgin) |
Soko Richardson | Various others | Various others
1992: Guitars That Rule the World, various artists (Metal Blade)
1994: Chess Rhythm & Roll, various artists (Chess)
2003: Anthology, Bobby Womack (The Right Stuff) |
Soko Richardson | References | References |
Soko Richardson | External links | External links
Life in Legacy - Week of February 7, 2004 picture of Soko Richardson
Category:1939 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:People from New Iberia, Louisiana
Category:American rock drummers
Category:American blues drummers
Category:Ike & Tina Turner members
Category:Rhythm and blues drummers
Category:John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers members
Category:Soul drummers
Category:Drummers from Louisiana
Category:Deaths from diabetes in California
Category:Kings of Rhythm members
Category:20th-century American drummers
Category:American male drummers
Category:20th-century American male musicians |
Soko Richardson | Table of Content | short description, Biography, Partial discography, With Ike & Tina Turner, With John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers, With Albert Collins, Various others, References, External links |
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:8 - AmStar 7.JPG | [[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:Shipwreck of the SS American Star on the shore of Fuerteventura.jpg | Image:Shipwreck of the SS American Star on the shore of Fuerteventura.jpg
thumb|200px|The remains of the American Star in 2004. The stern broke off and sank in 1994, leaving only the bow section on the sandbar. Since this photo was taken, the ship has listed to port and become almost completely submerged.
ReasonPretty good quality, It adds much to the shipwreck article, It is very pleasing to the eye.
Articles this image appears inShipwreck, SS America (1940)
CreatorWollex
Nominator Muldoon X9
Support — Muldoon X9 23:32, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
This nomination never made it to the main page. Listing it now. MER-C 13:02, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
Weak oppose This image is very dramatic, but the top of the mast is cut off, and the image is not very sharp (maybe because of the weather?). – sgeureka t•c 14:36, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
Support - It isn't the best picture ever but it sure as hell is dramatic. This is what FP's should be like, the minute the Shipwreck page opens that image grabs your attention. The only problem is the quality, the composition looks brilliant and makes the image look very moody. --Childzy ¤ Talk 16:05, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
Support Dramatic indeed. 8thstar 19:28, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
Support We're not looking at one of Fir's macros; the details aren't going to be perfect. But the over-all, "gestalt" feeling is very good. The water suspended in the air is a nice touch.--HereToHelp 22:05, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
Support Very interesting shot, you can go to the ship's article to find the coordinates and plug them into google earth. There must be 100 panorama pictures of the ship on google earth, none as good as this the waves are so wild.Xpanzion 04:26, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
Oppose Sorry folks but I cant bring myself to support with the sharpness as it is. I would love to support the great composition but I can't help thinking how much better it would be with some sharpness. -Fcb981(talk:contribs) 19:45, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
Support - It is magic and I agree that is what FP is (also) about - Alvesgaspar 20:24, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
Support, dramatic photo of a wreck which no longer has this appearance. There are many photos out there, few with this theatricality. --Dhartung | Talk 21:41, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
Given updated photos I think the caption is based on old information, so I'm going to alter it. --Dhartung | Talk 21:46, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
Oppose - because of sharpness. Andrew18 @ 20:24, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
15px|top Support – This was a finalist for Picture of Year 2006 for a reason - it's an amazing composition. Centy</font> – [reply]• contribs – 10:26, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
Comment - This just for those opposing on technical grounds and also to further explain why this image is without a doubt feature worthy image. For one this particular criteria should be taken into account; "5. Adds value to an article and helps readers to understand an article. An image's encyclopedic value is given priority over its artistic value." That criteria speaks for its self. The mood and composition reflected in the image is perfect for the Shipwreck article, there just isn't a better picture available. Also, please take note that there are many images of this ship, none compare to this. Furthermore the ship is no longer there now, a better picture to improve technical quality cannot be taken. Overall its encyclopedic value is huge, i don't believe we'll ever see a picture the likes of this on here again and also its historical value is massive, the last picture of this great ship which has a rich history. Hope i can persuade you all --Childzy ¤ Talk 18:22, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
Support especially per. Childzy. Witty Lama 15:09, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
Support Grabs the attention, great composition, strong story Wikipete 21:09, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
MER-C 02:55, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
Category:Featured picture nominations Category:Featured picture nominations/March 2007 |
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:8 - AmStar 7.JPG | Table of Content | [[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:Shipwreck of the SS American Star on the shore of Fuerteventura.jpg |
Ski film | Short description | thumb|Dr. Fanck filming in the Alps
A ski film is a motion picture with sequences of expedition, recreation, competition, or acrobatic exhibition on snow skis. These non-fiction action sport films capture the experience of an athletic outdoor snow sporting culture. Ski films typically present one or more techniques (ski jumping, cross-country, downhill, freestyle), locations, or skiers (expert, celebrity or novice). Categories include the feature, documentary of competition or other event coverage (such as a snow festival or sportscast), instruction or technique demonstration, retrospective history, travel guide showcasing a region, or a short subject (such as a web series or included in a newsreel).Verschoth, Anita (2 Oct 1978) Sports Illustrated More than 200 such videos debuted in 2006.Skipress Vol 6 No 2:12 Notable examples are listed at the Ski and Snowboard Film Institute, U.S. Ski & Snowboard Hall of Fame and Museum or have received awards from the International Ski Film Festival,First rate flicks (Jan 1975) Ski Vol 39 #5:31Ishpeming International Film Fest will screen in Park City (2014) Park Record X-Dance Action Sports Film Festival,Prettyman, Brett (2012) X-Dance Film Festival breaks away Salt Lake Tribune IF3 International Freeski Film Festival, Newschoolers magazine,Newschoolers Awards '24 newschoolers.com Cold Smoke Winter Film,Walden, Kaylee (2013) “Coldsmoke Awards celebrate all things winter” Bozeman Daily Chronicle Powder magazine, at Powder.com or similar. |
Ski film | Feature film | Feature film
Feature-length entertainment films about skiing, skiers, and the ski lifestyle, shot in actual locations around the world and featuring the best skiers of the day, have been released annually since 1938. Although not distributed through normal film channels, these movies were first exhibited on the resort, club, film festival and ski show circuitLexi, Local (2024) Ski Movie Premieres skiutah.comFry, John (2010) The Story of Modern Skiing Hanover: University Press of New England pg 278–280 and are now available via internet video or home video.
Many features include sequences of other mountain, airborne, water, or speed sports.Oliver, Peter (1991) "Reel Life: Ski filmmaking through the years", Skiing, Vol 44 No 3:155 Slow motion and time-lapse effects and skier point of view shots have been used in ski films since the first features of Dr. Fanck.Von Moltke, Johannes (2005) No Place Like Home: Locations of Heimat in German Cinema University of California Press pg 45Inkster, Darlene (2012) Film Pioneers: Arnold Fanck pg 19 in Directory of World Cinema: Germany edited by Michelle Langford, Intellect Books Many film makers release a film early in the ski season, with content recorded in the past season or two. The following list is a chronology of prolific feature production companies or directors with numerous ski films over the indicated time span.
thumb|Early camera mounted on ski for point of view shots |
Ski film | Feature-length film series | Feature-length film series
annual Bergfilme of Arnold Fanck, documentary and dramas (1920–1931)Thorne, Patrick (2021) A Century of Ski Films skiinghistory.orgTanous, Adam (2012) . Sun Valley MagazineMoulton, Richard W. (2002) in Collected Papers of the International Ski History Congress, ed. E. John B. Allen (New Hartford, Conn.: International Skiing History Association, 2002), 190–194
Victor Coty ski films (1933–1969)Kuhnert, Amanda (2012) Stowe Guide and Magazine Stowe Reporter pg 83–87Miller, Peter (Nov 1984) Ski People: Victor Coty Ski Vol. 49 Page 16E
Frank Howard Films (1935–1960)US National Ski Hall of Fame "Dr. Frank Howard" (1987) Honored MembersCohen, Stan (1985) A Pictorial History of Downhill Skiing Pictorial Histories Pub. Co pp 186–187
annual Sidney Shurcliff films (1938–1941)Jay, John (1966) Ski Down the Years NY: Award House LCCN 66021960 pg 195Folder: G002 Correspondence and Manuscripts of/by Sidney N. Shurcliff at Harvard University Library archiveAllen, E. John B. (2002) New Hampshire on Skis Arcadia Publishing page 109
annual John Jay Films (1940–1970)Lund, Morten (1996) "Skiing Down those Golden Years with John Jay", Skiing Heritage Journal, Vol 8 Number 2: 7–26Cohen, Stan (1985) A Pictorial History of Downhill Skiing Pictorial Histories Pub. Co pp 186–187
Hans Thorner films (1948–1955)Biography at newenglandskihistory.comRobbins, Paul (Spring 1986) Little Bit of Magic Skiing Vol 38 #7:14
annual Warren Miller and successor Warren Miller Entertainment films (1950–present)Konigsberg, Eric (2009) "Still King of the Cinematic Slopes" New York Times (2011) KODAK.com
annual Hans Gmoser films (1958–1968)Donahue, Topher (2008) Bugaboo Dreams: A Story of Skiers, Helicopters and Mountains Dart, Ron (2010) Hans Gmoser The Canadian Encyclopedia Historica Canada
annual Dick Barrymore films (1961–1980)Lund, Morten (Nov 1969) "Dick Barrymore, we ask you--are you making it?" Ski Vol 34 #3:150–158
Willy Bogner, Jr. films (1966–2009)Doran, Patricia (January 1975) "Willy Bogner, Jr" Ski Vol 39 #5:32Stebbins, Neil (Sep 1995) "Willy's World" Ski Vol 60 #1:174–180Fire+Ice at bogner.com
annual Greg Stump films (1985–1998, 2012)Finkel, Mike (1991) "Helter Skelter" Skiing Vol 44 No 3:160–162"Return of the Blizzard King" (2008) Ski Press Vol 8 No 1:8(2012) Greg Stump interview offpistemag.com
Peter Chrzanowski films (1988–1997)Skiing (Dec 1992) "Video Review" Vol 45 #4:144Lanthier, Nancy (2010) Issue 77 Spring Point of View
annual films by James Angrove and Jon Long of Real Action Pictures (1988–1998)Lovitt, Rob (1991) "Rap Master Flash", Skiing, Vol 44 No 3: 164–166 (2011) biglines.com
Thierry Donard and Nuit de la Glisse films (1989–present)Rège, Philippe (2009) Donard filmography Encyclopedia of French Film Directors Scarecrow Press Volume 1:330–331skitime No 62 pp 41–45
Scott Gaffney Productions and Straight Up Films (1993–1999)Mohler, Chaco (2000) "Reel Life Stories" Skiing, v53 #4:4C–8C
annual films by Teton Gravity Research (1996–present)Shalbot, Chris (April 2013) “evo visits Teton Gravity Research" evo.com
annual films by Steve Winter and Murray Wais of Matchstick Productions (1997–present)Carr, Dan (2010) Ski and Snow
annual Sky Pinnick and Rage Films (2002–2009)Hagemeier, Heidi (2011) "Bend filmmaker Sky Pinnick" Bend OR:The Bulletin
annual Howell brothers’ Powderwhore Productions (2005–2015)Tabke, Drew (2015) Powderwhore is Dead: Long Live Powderwhore Backcountry magazineTeleVision film review at SierraDescents.comCohen, Tyler (2014) A Decade of Powderwhores: BC Filmers Prepare To Turn 10 backcountrymagazine.com
annual films by Johnny Decesare and Poor Boyz Productions (2007–present)Abbott, Nate (2015) Only the skiers matter: The past, present and future of Poor Boyz Productions FreeskierBraunstein, Zach; Parks, Megan (2008) "Ski Film Reasons Puts a New Spin on a Trick Flick Genre" US National Geographic adventure blog
annual films by Josh Berman's Level 1 Productions (2009–2019)Krichko, Kade (2019) “Is Level 1 Done? We Asked Founder Josh Berman” PowderLuby, Kevin (2010) Skiing
recent films by Sherpas Cinema,Clark, Adam "Sherpas" The Ski Journal issue 5.4 etc. |
Ski film | Other films | Other films
Many ski film makers have initially or predominately released featurettes and short films, in addition to features. |
Ski film | Featurette and short film series | Featurette and short film series
Winston Pote winter films (1927–1943)Eastman, Tom (June 1998) Winston Pote Pioneer Photographer Skiing Heritage Vol 10 #2:7–11
annual Marcel Ichac ski films (1934–1950, 1957, 1972)Rège, Philippe (2009) Ichac Encyclopedia of French Film Directors Volume 1:515 Scarecrow Press
Dick Durrance films (1940–1993)Dick Durrance Colorado Snowsports Museum
Sverre Engen films (1944–1962)"Sverre Engen" (1971) Honored Members US National Ski Hall of Fame
annual Jack Lesage and Cinépress ski films (1959–1984)Jack Lesage at numothèque grenoble-alpes
Roger Brown and Barry Corbet freestyle Summit Films (1961–1988, 2012)"Films and Mini Films" (Jan 1970) Skiing Vol 22 #5:55Summit Films in Business Screen (1964) vol 25 #1:150
Harvey Edwards Films (1970–1986)Brady, M. Michael (2012) Mountain Gazette
Joe Jay Jalbert Productions (1970–present)Rand, Abby (Feb 1977) "Joe Jay Jalbert: Reel Success" Ski Vol 41 #6:2
Alain Gaimard and Didier Lafond Apocalypse Snow series and other ski films (1981–1986, 2008)"Apocalypse Snow" The Ski Journal issue 3.2
annual Dominique Perret and Vertical Zoo films (1990–2012)Reifer, Susan (Oct 1998) “Dominique Magnifique” Skiing Vol 51 #2:61
annual Poor Boyz Productions (1996–2006)
annual Free Radicals series films (1996–2011)Free Radicals Swedish Film InstituteLarsson, Tim (2021) “Classic Ski Movies: Where did they go?” Redbull.com
Two Plank Productions (1997–2012)Dujardin, Ed (2012) "Two Plank Productions" Freeskier magazine freeskier.com
Kris Ostness and Wind-Up Films (1999–2008)Davies, John Clary (2011) “First! Kris Ostness and Father Time” Powder.com
annual Darrell Miller and Storm Show Studios (2000–present)Forno, Cherise (2020) “Storm Show is back with the 'Top 100' lines from two decades of filming” Jackson Hole News & GuideMander, Brigid (2010) ESPN
annual Geoff McDonald and Meathead Films (2000–2015)Fater, Tim (2014) PowderHewitt, Ben (2004) A Tribe Called Meat Skiing Vol 57#1:125–129,179–180
annual Level 1 Productions (2000–present)
annual Josh Murphy and Unparalleled Productions (2000–2004)Bie, Tom (Dec 2002) "Soul Slide" Skiing Vol 55 #4:36
annual Pléhouse Films (2001–2007)Schnier, Susan; Rinfret, Thomas (Oct 2006) "Junkyard Jibbing" Skiing Vol 59 #2:104 (2011) SBCSkier
annual Lionel Géhin and WW Productions (2001–2008)Seventh Heaven review at skieur.com
annual Martini brothers' Stept Productions (2002–2014)Dowaliby, Shane (2014) Stept Productions announces its 2014 ski film will be its last freeskier.com
annual Falquet brothers' FLK productions (2002–present)Desmurs, Guillaume (2014) Interview: Falquet brothers – skiers & filmmakers RedBull.com
annual Heart Films (2006–present)Dream Chaser iF3
AJ Dakoulas and Andrew Napier's 4Bi9 Media (2007–present)Fielding, Leah (Feb 2012) "4Bi9" Freeskier vol 14.6:76
annual Eric Pollard and Nimbus Independent productions (2007–present)Meyr, Kyle (2 May 2014) Nimbus Independent’s new film: After The Sky Falls RedBull.comBrown, Julie (August 26, 2014) Nimbus Releases Coordinates Powder.com
annual Mike Douglas and Switchback Entertainment productions (2007–present)Hampton, Christie (2014) Words with Mike Douglas snowsbest.comDesabris, Jonathan (2015) Mike Douglas Ask Me Anything Recap TetonGravity.com
annual Nicholas Waggoner and Sweetgrass Productions (2008–present)Ski Cine (2008) Ski Press Vol 8 no 1:8Blevins, Jason (9/13/2013) Ski film "Valhalla" takes tired adventure genre to new heights The Denver Post
annual Legs of Steel releases (2010–present)Menzies, Carson and Grinnell, Charlie (2016) Legs of Steel Redbull.com
annual Dubsatch Collective releases (2011–present)Allen, Dana (2013) "Stuff We Like: Dubsatch Collective" Ski Magazine
annual releases from The Bunch (2013–present)Barronian, Abbie (2016) Powder
Ski film may also refer to a fictional theatrical-release sports film which incorporates a skiing theme,Senn, Bryan (2022) Ski Films: A Comprehensive Guide McFarland Lund, Morten & Schwartz, Gary (1996) "The First Hollywood Ski Movies" Skiing Heritage Journal Vol 8 #1:30–33 although the on-snow scenes may have been enhanced by the use of stunt doubles for the actors and special effects. |
Ski film | Film festivals and tours | Film festivals and tours
Ski, snow, adventure and mountain film festivals are held in Switzerland (Les Diablerets/FIFAD), Austria (Graz, St. Anton, Vienna Freeride), Germany (Tegernsee), Italy (Cortina, Trento), France (Annecy High Five, Dijon, Val d'Isère, Chamonix), Russia (Moscow), Spain (Torello), Canada (Banff, Montreal, Whistler, Rossland, Fernie, Vancouver), United Kingdom (London FreeSki, Fort William, Kendal), New Zealand (Wānaka) and United States (Ishpeming, Jackson Hole, Steamboat Springs, New York City, Midwest, Crested Butte, Mammoth, Missoula, Lake Tahoe, Stowe, Salt Lake City, North Bend, Boulder, Whitefish, Flagstaff, Williamstown, Mount Snow, Anchorage).Hartemann, Frederic; Hauptman, Robert (2005) The Mountain Encyclopedia: An A to Z Compendium of Over 2,250 Terms, Concepts, Ideas, and People Taylor Trade Publishing pg 80Film Festival map at mntnfilm.comHall, Brian (29 June 2012) steepedge.comLeonard, Brendan (2013) 7 mountain film festivals worth checking out Red Bull.com
Multi-film road tours which bring a selection of films to scheduled cities have included Banff World Tour, Freeride Film Festival Prime Tour,Freeride Film Festival 2023 at boardriding.com Vancouver VIMFF World Tour,VIMFF World Tour at DiscoverBristol.org Salomon Quality Ski Time Film TourGreenwood, Ian (2023) Powder and Level 1 Freeski Film Tour.Level 1 Freeski Film Tour 2023 Newschoolers |
Ski film | See also | See also
List of Winter Olympic documentary films
List of sports films#Skiing
Surf film
Travel documentary
Winter sport |
Ski film | References | References
Azallion, Nancy (Oct 1967) 'Skiing movies going "legit"' Skiing Vol. 20, No. 1:121–122
Oliver, Peter (1991) "Reel Life: Ski filmmaking through the years", Skiing, Vol 44 No 3: 150–155
Audisio, Aldo; Natta Soleri, Angelica (1997) Snow & Ski : Neve E Sci Nei Manifesti del Cinema
Yaple, Henry M. (2004) Ski Bibliography 1890-2002 International Skiing History Association, items 1487–2123, 3630–4287
Masia, Seth (2006) "Moving Pictures" Skiing Heritage Journal Vol. 18, No. 3: 37–39
Anthony, Leslie (2010) White Planet: A Mad Dash Through Modern Global Ski Culture Greystone Books Ltd pp 83–84, 213–220, 295
Sax, David (2013) "Skiing Films Now Have Stories to Match the Stunts" New York Times |
Ski film | External links | External links
Trailer Time at freeskier.com
Stone, Ethan (2024) Ski Trailer Yard at downdays.eu
Bamber, Katie (2023) Ski Movie Season Is Upon Us at fall-line.co.uk
Arganbright, Libby (2023) Must-See Freeski & Snowboard Film Trailers of the Season at U.S. Ski & Snowboard
Ski Films at skifilms.net
Ski Movies at RedBull.com
Anthony, Leslie (2021) “Range rover: Ski films redux” Pique newsmagazine
ski movies album at Vimeo
Trailer Park at Powder.com
at Ski magazine
Reviews and trailers at offpistemag.com
Skiing (Oct 2009) The Cinema pg 26-27
*
Category:Snowboarding films
* |
Ski film | Table of Content | Short description, Feature film, Feature-length film series, Other films, Featurette and short film series, Film festivals and tours, See also, References, External links |
Wood Green Academy | Use dmy dates | Wood Green Academy is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status located in Wednesbury, West Midlands, England. In 2009, Ofsted listed Wood Green as one of 12 outstanding schools serving disadvantaged communities.Twelve outstanding secondary schools - Excelling against the odds , Ofsted, 24 February 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2011. |
Wood Green Academy | Admissions | Admissions
The head teacher is James Topham, who started the role in September 2014, taking over from Pank Patel. Pank succeeded the retiring Enid Bibby, who had been head teacher for eight years and became a dame in 2004 following a significant increase in academic results at the school during her tenure.
The school is situated on the A461 Wood Green Road which connects Wednesbury with Walsall. |
Wood Green Academy | History | History |
Wood Green Academy | Grammar school | Grammar school
The school was originally named Wednesbury Boys' High School. It was a grammar school that opened in Wood Green House, St. Paul's Road in 1924 under the headship of C. H. S. Kipping. The school was sometimes also referred to as Wednesbury Grammar School. The school's motto was Arte Marte Vigore, which was also the motto of the Borough of Wednesbury. Former members of the school are known as "Old Wodens" and The Old Wodens Society still meets bi-annually. |
Wood Green Academy | Comprehensive | Comprehensive
The buildings were expanded during the 1950s, and by 1970 the school had been converted to a comprehensive school.
In 1968, it merged with Wood Green Secondary Modern School to become Wood Green Bilateral School. The Wednesbury Girls' High School, a girls' grammar school, merged into the sixth form. It became Wood Green High School in September 1969, serving pupils of both sexes.
The school includes a sixth form for pupils aged over 16.
In 2023 the school was found to have some potentially structurally unsound classrooms due to the use of reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete as a building material. |
Wood Green Academy | Academic performance | Academic performance
In 2013, 68% of students achieved 5 or more GCSEs at grades A*-C, including Maths and English. 100% of students passed their A-levels. |
Wood Green Academy | Alumni | Alumni |
Wood Green Academy | Wood Green Academy | Wood Green Academy
Jaydon Paddock |
Wood Green Academy | Wednesbury Boys' High School | Wednesbury Boys' High School
John Morgan CBE, Managing Director from 1965-8 of English Electric-AEI Machines Group, Chairman from 1984-8 of AMEC
Sir Kevin Satchwell |
Wood Green Academy | References | References |
Wood Green Academy | External links | External links
Former school
EduBase
Category:Academies in Sandwell
Category:Educational institutions established in 1924
Category:Wednesbury
Category:Secondary schools in Sandwell
Category:1924 establishments in England |
Wood Green Academy | Table of Content | Use dmy dates, Admissions, History, Grammar school, Comprehensive, Academic performance, Alumni, Wood Green Academy, Wednesbury Boys' High School, References, External links |
The Young Machines | Infobox album
| The Young Machines is a studio album by Her Space Holiday. It was released on Mush Records on September 30, 2003. |
The Young Machines | Critical reception | Critical reception
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, The Young Machines received an average score of 73, based on 14 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Kenyon Hopkin of AllMusic praised the album's "lush IDM-powered indie pop." Kilian Murphy of Stylus Magazine wrote: "An intriguing mixture of laptop-electronica and emotional indie song writing, this is engagingly quirky stuff." |
The Young Machines | Track listing | Track listing |
The Young Machines | Personnel | Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
Marc Bianchi – music
Alan Douches – mastering
Clust.TM – art, design |
The Young Machines | Release history | Release history
Region Date Label Format Catalog United States September 30, 2003 Mush Records CD MH-224 UK October 20, 2003 Wichita Recordings CD WEBB047CD Europe October 20, 2003 Wichita Recordings CD VVR1024982 Japan January 21, 2004 & Records CD NPPX-31 |
The Young Machines | References | References |
The Young Machines | External links | External links
Category:2003 albums
Category:Her Space Holiday albums
Category:Mush Records albums
Category:Wichita Recordings albums |
The Young Machines | Table of Content | Infobox album
, Critical reception, Track listing, Personnel, Release history, References, External links |
Bernard Saint-Hillier | Short description | Bernard Saint-Hillier (29 December 1911 – 28 July 2004) was a French general.
Saint-Hillier graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1933 and was affected to the 11th Chasseurs alpins Battalion. In 1938, he joined the French Foreign Legion with the rank of captain. He sided with the Fighting French and took part in the East African Campaign with the 13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade.
In 1943, he was promoted to commandant, and to lieutenant-colonel in 1944. He took command of the 13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade on the 25 March 1945. From 1946, he was affected to the general staff of the Armed Forces, where he spent two years.
In 1951, he was promoted to colonel, and led the 18th paratrooper regiment, until he departed to Indochina in 1954. On his return, he studied at the Institut des hautes études de la défense nationale.
In 1958, Saint-Hillier was chief of the general staff in Constantine, Algeria. Promoted to general of brigade in 1959, he became chief of cabinet of the Minister of Defence. From 1960 to 1961, he commanded the 10th Parachute Division. He was French military representative to the European Allied command in 1962.
In 1965, he was promoted to general of division, and served as inspector of the staffs of the Army. Saint-Hillier was promoted to Général de corps d'armée in 1968, commanding the 3rd Military Region in Rennes, and sitting at the Conseil supérieur de la Guerre.
He retired in 1971. |
Bernard Saint-Hillier | Decorations | Decorations
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Compagnon de la Libération (27 May 1943)
Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 (9 mentions in despatches)
Croix de la Valeur Militaire (2 mentions in despatches)
Médaille de la Résistance
Médaille coloniale with Eritrea, Libya, Bir Hakeim and Tunisia clasps
Médaille de l'Aéronautique
Distinguished Service Order (United Kingdom)
War Cross with sword (Norway)
Commander of Nichan Iftikar (Tunisia) |
Bernard Saint-Hillier | External links | External links
Biography of Bernard Saint-Hillier
Category:1911 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:People from Dole, Jura
Category:French generals
Category:Companions of the Liberation
Category:French military personnel of World War II
Category:French military personnel of the Algerian War
Category:Officers of the French Foreign Legion
Category:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Category:Recipients of the Cross for Military Valour
Category:Recipients of the Resistance Medal
Category:Recipients of the Aeronautical Medal
Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Category:Recipients of the War Cross with Sword (Norway) |
Bernard Saint-Hillier | Table of Content | Short description, Decorations, External links |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lacuna, LLC | <div class="boilerplate metadata vfd xfd-closed" style="background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
:''The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was speedy deletion; non-admin closing of orphaned AFD per WP:DPR.--TBCΦtalk? 09:01, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
Lacuna, LLC
– (View AfD)(View log)
Promo of nonnotable. A miniscule blip on 'net `'mikka 23:35, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
Speedy Delete as advertisement. --Daniel J. Leivick 23:38, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
Speedy Delete per CSD G11, advertisement. Mr.Z-mantalk¢Review! 00:59, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lacuna, LLC | Table of Content | <div class="boilerplate metadata vfd xfd-closed" style="background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
:''The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Enchanted Nemesis | <div class="boilerplate metadata vfd xfd-closed" style="background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
:''The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was delete. Veinor (talk to me) 22:56, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
Enchanted Nemesis
– (View AfD)(View log)
Non-notable web movie. The article by what appears to be a single-purpose account reads like advertising or promotion, largely consisting of unsubstantiated unverified claims.
I am also nominating the following related page, which is essentially the same article:
Agent 86 23:36, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
Do not Delete This is no joke. It is not ludicrous to compare a feature length movie to another. The analogy is that both movies are sequels that are better than originals. (Based on opinion and is inherently a subjective statement that holds validity.) The movie's notability is a mute point because the popularity of the movie has nothing to do with the fact that it was the first feature length movie made specifically for the internet. It is the first feature length movie made specifically for the internet regardless of how much presence it has to mainstream web users. It is an underground movie that has seen success in various circles and the claim of being the first feature length movie made specifically for the internet is substantiated and corroborated by google searches regarding the subject of the claims. There is no legitimate evidence to disprove the claims and the fact that the movie is not very popular for mainstream net surfers does not make the claims illegitimate. The main claim of being the first feature length movie made specifically for the internet is of historical significance therefore this article should not be deleted.
Please provide sources that meet WP:RS and substanciate the claims made above. --Daniel J. Leivick 16:42, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
Google results are also stacked against this one for notability.. consisting mainly of self promotion and distribution, there's a few "reviews" (minor conversation) among the results but no mention or review by mainstream sources. If this really was a notable topic one would think that there would be significant propagation beyond 70 unique hits over the past half decade. The claims of pioneering the field of internet movie features are also unsubstantiated to down right false. I'd say delete but I'm not logged in, although I'm sure due process will take it's course. Also, I smell like poo. 74.97.109.162
Comment Is this a joke? Comparing an amateur net flick to The Godfather Part II is ludicrous. Google results are also stacked against this one for notability.. consisting mainly of self promotion and distribution, there's a few "reviews" (minor conversation) among the results but no mention or review by mainstream sources. If this really was a notable topic one would think that there would be significant propagation beyond 70 unique hits over the past half decade. The claims of pioneering the field of internet movie features are also unsubstantiated to down right false. I'd say delete but I'm not logged in, although I'm sure due process will take it's course. Also, I smell like poo. 74.97.109.162
Delete Non-notable. Written like an ad. Mr.Z-mantalk¢Review! 00:58, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
Delete non-notable web-based movie with little presence on the web. ObiterDicta ( pleadings • errata • appeals ) 05:18, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Enchanted Nemesis | Table of Content | <div class="boilerplate metadata vfd xfd-closed" style="background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
:''The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review |
Lapidus | '''Lapidus''' | Lapidus (including its variant spellings) is:
a surname which is derived from the Latin word lapideus, meaning 'made of stone'; 'stony',JM Latin-English Dictionary
ADJ of stone; stony also from the Latin lapis meaning 'stone'. It could also be derived from the Latin adjective lepidus meaning pleasant or charming. A branch of the Roman gens Aemilia was cognominated Lepidus. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was a member of the Second Triumvirate, with Octavius (later Caesar Augustus) and Marcus Antonius.
a surname which perhaps has an origin from the Hebrews' Scriptures, specifically the Book of Judges, which reads at 4:4: "Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, was judging Israel at that time", and hence probably derived from lapidot, the Hebrew word for torches, yet is not exclusive to one religion or nationality. |
Lapidus | People | People
Adam I. Lapidus (born 1963), American television writer
Azary Lapidus (born 1958), Russian civil engineer
Ira M. Lapidus (born 1937), American historian, author and educator
Jens Lapidus (born 1974), Swedish lawyer and author
Jay Lapidus (born 1959), American tennis player
Jodi Lapidus, American biostatistician
Leon Lapidus (1924–1977), American chemist
Mark Lapidus (born 1995), Estonian chess player
Morris Lapidus (1902–2001), American architect
Ted Lapidus (1929–2008), French fashion designer |
Lapidus | In popular culture | In popular culture
There is a character named Frank Lapidus, a pilot played by Jeff Fahey, on the ABC television show Lost.
There is also a character named Merc Lapidus, a producer played by John Pankow, on the television show Episodes.
There is a third character named Leslie Lapidus, a nymphomaniac character, from the book and film Sophie's Choice.
Howie Mandel played the character of Ernie Lapidus, operator of "Sincerity Mortuary" in the superlative but short lived Fox Sitcom "Good Grief" in the late 1980s, co-starring Wendy Schaal. |
Lapidus | References | References
Category:Surnames |
Lapidus | Table of Content | '''Lapidus''', People, In popular culture, References |
Washington State University Press | Short description | Washington State University Press (or WSU Press) is a university press that is part of Washington State University. Initially established in the 1920s before being reorganized in the 1980s, the press has issued over 200 titles. The publisher also distributes titles released by Lost Horse Press. |
Washington State University Press | See also | See also
List of English-language book publishing companies
List of university presses |
Washington State University Press | References | References |
Washington State University Press | External links | External links
Washington State University Press
Washington State University Press
Category:University presses of the United States
Category:Book publishing companies based in Washington (state) |
Washington State University Press | Table of Content | Short description, See also, References, External links |
WSU Press | '''WSU Press''' | WSU Press may refer to:
Washington State University Press
Wayne State University Press |
WSU Press | See also | See also
WSU (disambiguation) |
WSU Press | Table of Content | '''WSU Press''', See also |
Madame Montour | short description | Madame Montour (1667 or c. 1685 – c. 1753) was an interpreter, diplomat, and local leader of Algonquin and French Canadian ancestry. Although she was well known, her contemporaries usually referred to her only as "Madame" or "Mrs." Montour. She may have been Isabelle (or Elizabeth) Couc, a mixed-race woman born in 1667, or perhaps Isabelle Couc's niece, who was born around 1685 and whose given name is uncertain.
In 1711, Montour began working as an interpreter and diplomatic consultant for the province of New York. Around 1727, she and her husband Carondawana, an Oneida, moved to the province of Pennsylvania. Her village, known as Otstonwakin, was at the mouth of Loyalsock Creek on the West Branch Susquehanna River. The modern borough of Montoursville, named for her, developed on the east bank after the American Revolutionary War.
Montour's son Andrew Montour also became an important interpreter in Pennsylvania and Virginia, as did his son John Montour. Some of Montour's female relatives were prominent local leaders in New York and Pennsylvania, and have often been confused with her by historians. |
Madame Montour | Identity debate | Identity debate
There has been confusion about details of Madame Montour's life. She has often been confounded with her female relatives, particularly Catharine Montour, who was prominent in western New York. Historians have long attempted to separate fact from fiction and piece together her life from a few records and conflicting names.
Much is uncertain about her early life. In 1744, Witham Marshe met the "celebrated Mrs. Montour" at an important treaty conference held in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.Parmenter, 141. When asked about her background, Montour told Marshe that she had been born in Canada to a French father. She said that she had been captured by the Iroquois about fifty years earlier (i.e. around 1694), when she was about ten years old, and that she did not remember much about her parents. She had been adopted and raised by the Iroquois, she said. She eventually married Carondawana, an Oneida war chief, with whom she had several children before his death in battle in 1729.Parmenter, 141–42; Sivertsen, 94. See Witham Marshe's Journal, Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society (Boston, 1801), 1st series, 7:189–91.
In 1974, historian William A. Hunter tentatively identified Madame Montour as Elizabeth Couc, a mixed born in 1667 near Trois-Rivières, New France, in what is now Quebec, Canada. Elizabeth (also known as Isabelle, which was used interchangeably in French at the time) Couc was one of five children recorded for Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1627–1690), a French-born fur trader and interpreter, and Marie Miteoamegoukoué (1631–1699), a Christian Algonquin woman.Hirsch, 84; Sivertsen, 96. Hunter conceded that some of the evidence connecting Madame Montour with Elizabeth Couc was "vague and contradictory". He accepted that Montour had been captured by an Iroquois war party around 1695, but if she was Elizabeth Couc, she was much older than ten at the time.
Hirsch and Sivertsen have explained the discrepancies by suggesting that Montour was deliberately vague about her past; this allowed her to present a different account of herself in Pennsylvania as a genteel French woman, albeit one in Indian dress.Hirsch, 96; Sivertsen, 95–96. Elizabeth (or Élisabeth) Couc apparently also used the name of Isabelle, the French form of Elizabeth; the two names were then interchangeable.Hirsch, 85n11. Historian Alison Duncan Hirsch uncovered a record from 1711 that lists payments to "Eysabelle Montour interpretress", the only known reference to Montour's first name in an English document.Hirsch, 93. Isabelle Couc presumably had an Algonquin name too, but it is unknown.Hirsch, 84.
Parmenter and Hagedorn are among contemporary historian who have argued that Madame Montour was not Isabelle Couc, but rather her niece.Charles A. Hanna, The Wilderness Trail (New York, 1911), 1:200, was perhaps the first to argue that Madame Montour was the daughter of Louis Couc, and thus Isabelle Couc's niece. Hagedorn (p. 44) and Parmenter (p. 143) support that view. According to this interpretation, Montour was born in an Indian village near modern Sorel, Quebec, around 1685, a year consistent with the story that she told Marshe. Her parents were Louis Couc Montour, who was the brother of Isabelle Couc, and Madeleine, a Sokoki (Western Abenaki) woman.Parmenter, 143–45; Hagedorn, 308n1. If Montour was born in 1685, her birth apparently went unrecorded, and her first name is uncertain.Parmenter, 147. Although Parmenter's article is entitled "Isabel Montour", in the text he says that her given name in unclear, and refers to her only as "Madame Montour". Her given name has also been represented as Catherine, Elisabeth/Isabelle, and Madeleine.Hirsch, 83. |
Madame Montour | Marriage and family | Marriage and family
As pieced together by Hirsch, Madame Montour was Isabelle Couc and led an eventful life before beginning her career in New York as an interpreter for the British. In 1684, Couc married Joachim Germano, with whom she had at least one child.Hirsch, 87–88. By the 1690s she was living in Michilimakinac (present-day Michigan) with two of her sisters and their husbands, who worked as interpreters in the fur trading center. Isabelle may also have worked as an interpreter for Sieur de Cadillac, the local French commander. Cadillac would later claim that Isabelle led a "dissolute life", and had more than one hundred male lovers; some historians attribute his vitriol to some personal bias.Hirsch, 90. When Cadillac moved the French garrison to Fort Detroit in 1701, Isabelle evidently relocated there with her new husband, Pierre Tichenet. She became involved with Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont; when he deserted the fort in 1706, she fled with him. Her experience in the northwest territory gave her more exposure to a variety of Algonquian and Iroquois languages, increasing her facility in each.
Perhaps around 1708,Hirsch, 93n43 Montour married an Oneida war captain named Carondawana. (If Madame Montour was instead the niece of Isabelle Couc, Carondawana was probably her only husband.) The couple had a son about 1720 named Andrew Montour, who would become a well-known interpreter in Pennsylvania and Virginia. Iroquois kinship terms often described a woman's niece as her daughter, for example, so there is confusion about the identities of Montour's other possible children.Wallace, 569. Another boy, Lewis (Louis) Montour, was possibly her son, or perhaps her nephew.Parmenter, 147. "French Margaret" Montour, a woman often described as Montour's daughter, may have been a niece.Hirsch, 97.
In the simplified family tree chart shown below, the names in green are the two women who have been identified as Madame Montour. Andrew Montour is connected on the chart to both of his potential mothers. Similarly, because it is uncertain if French Margaret was Montour's daughter or niece, the chart illustrates both possibilities.
|
Madame Montour | Career in New York | Career in New York
The first Montour to come to prominence was Louis Montour, who was either Madame Montour's brother or father. Born Louis Couc, he adopted "Montour" as his surname in the 1680s.Hirsch, 87. During King William's War (1689–1697), Montour and other Indians in Canada fought against British-allied Iroquois from the province of New York. At this time an Iroquois raiding party may have captured his daughter, who, according to some interpretations, became known as "Madame Montour".Parmenter, 143.
Louis Montour relocated to Michilimakinac in the 1690s, where he worked as a fur trader. After King William's War ended, he began to facilitate trade between western Algonquians and merchants in Albany, New York. He accompanied the "Far Indians" to Albany. This lucrative enterprise diverted profits from New France to New York, and promoted diplomatic ties between the Iroquois and the western nations.Parmenter, 144. Officials in New France saw this as a threat. In 1709, during Queen Anne's War, Louis-Thomas Chabert de Joncaire and his men assassinated Louis Montour on orders from Governor Vaudreuil.Parmenter, 144–45. where the man assassinated in 1709 is identified as "Alexander Montour, the son of a French officer and a Mohawk woman".
After Louis Montour's murder, Madame Montour emerged as his successor, identified as Mountour's sister and benefiting from some of the trust accorded to him. Although she evidently could not read or write, she was valuable as an interpreter, able to speak French, English, and several languages in both the Algonquian and Iroquoian families.Hirsch, 82n2, 92. With family connections throughout the region, she was also an ideal cultural intermediary. According to historian Jon Parmenter, Madame Montour's role as a "behind the scenes" consultant was even more important than her work as an interpreter.Parmenter, 146-49. When Robert Hunter became governor of New York in 1710, Montour became his personal interpreter and one of his most trusted advisers. They communicated in French. Her husband Carondawana took the English name "Robert Hunter" to honor the governor.Hirsch, 94; Parmenter, 147. He became "king" of the Algonquian-speaking Shawnee in Pennsylvania in 1714, and traveled between there and New York with Madame Montour for years, strengthening connections between them and the Iroquois.
Although Madame Montour served as an interpreter through the 1710s, there are few records of her activities at this time.Parmenter, 150; Hirsch, 94–95. In 1719, she petitioned New York for back pay, although with Governor Hunter's departure in 1720, she may not have received it. According to historian Alison Duncan Hirsch, the wording of an official recommendation about Montour's salary "has been misread to mean that she was asking to be paid the same as a man"; rather, she wanted the pay of an interpreter, which was higher than that of a common soldier.Hirsch, 96. |
Madame Montour | Life in Pennsylvania | Life in Pennsylvania
At some point, Montour and her family migrated to the province of Pennsylvania. Exactly when and why she moved is unclear. She may have been traveling between New York and Pennsylvania as early as 1714, when her husband Carondawana was appointed as the Iroquois spokesman for the Shawnee living in Pennsylvania. By 1727, she and Carondawana were living at Otstonwakin, a village also known as Otstuagy or French Town.Not to be confused with the nearby French Margaret's Town; see John Franklin Meginness, Otzinachson: A History of the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna (rev. ed., Williamsport, PA, 1889), 1:94. Ostonwakin is also spelled Otstonwakin. The site of previous Native American villages, Otstonwakin was located along the Great Shamokin Path, at the important confluence of Loyalsock Creek with the West Branch Susquehanna River, on the west bank of the river. The modern borough of Montoursville developed on the east bank after the American Revolutionary War.Hirsch, 97–98.
Because of her cultural knowledge of Native American affairs and facility with both the Iroquoian and Algonquian language families, Montour was sought as an adviser by Pennsylvania officials and private traders. She first appears in the Pennsylvania historical record in July 1727 as an interpreter at a council in Philadelphia between Governor Patrick Gordon and an Iroquois group.Hirsch, 98.
Madame Montour and Carondawana had a close relationship with Shikellamy, a noted Oneida diplomat who benefited from the couple's cultural and linguistic expertise.Parmenter, 152–53. In 1729, Carondawana was killed fighting against the southern Catawba, traditional foes of the Iroquois.Parmenter, 153. After her husband's death, Montour was gradually excluded from Pennsylvania diplomacy by Shikellamy and his colonial associate Conrad Weiser, who wanted to keep tight control of the province's relationship with the Iroquois. After 1734, she no longer appeared at councils in an official capacity.Parmenter, 153–55. She retired to her village, where she operated a trading post and supply depot, and raised her son Andrew Montour to be an interpreter and diplomat.Parmenter, 155.
During the 1740s, Montour met several Moravian missionaries who were evangelizing in Pennsylvania. Count Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, bishop of the Moravian Church, visited Otstonwakin in 1742 on his journey to Onondaga, the Iroquois capital in western New York.Hirsch, 105. He delivered a sermon in French, during which Montour reportedly wept. Montour asked Zinzendorf to baptize two Indian children, but he declined, explaining that the Moravians did not perform baptisms in a village without first establishing a mission there. "She left me displeased", wrote Zinzendorf.
In 1744, Montour attended the conference for the treaty of Lancaster, where she told her story to Witham Marshe, as described above. Marshe, like others, thought that Montour was a French woman captured by and raised among the Indians, rather than a métis of partial French ancestry. Historian Alison Duncan Hirsch has argued that the captivity story Montour told to Marshe was a fiction she created to reinvent herself in Pennsylvania, claiming her father had been a governor of New France.Hirsch, 96, 106–07.
By 1745, she had left Otstonwakin and was living with her son Andrew on an island in the Susquehanna River near the Native village of Shamokin, which was settled by Delaware, Oneida and Siouan-speaking Tutelo.Hirsch, 107. In March 1746, Andrew took her west, across the Appalachian Mountains to Logstown on the Ohio River. She was reportedly going blind by that time. This was her last appearance in the historical record, aside from a brief statement made by trader John Harris in January 1753: "Madame Montour is dead."Hirsch, 109–110. Exactly when and where she died is unknown. |
Madame Montour | Legacy | Legacy
thumb|250px|Madame Mountour's village of Otstonwakin was located at the mouth of Loyalsock Creek on the West Branch Susquehanna River
Madame Montour has numerous descendants, and many Iroquois people still carry the Montour name.Parmenter, 156. Montoursville, Pennsylvania, which was founded near the site of Otstonwakin, was named for her. Montour County, Pennsylvania, and Montour Falls, New York, are just two of the places named for her descendants and relatives.
Montour's role as interpreter and cultural go-between was continued by her son, Andrew Montour, who shared his mother's gift for languages. He worked as an interpreter for Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Sir William Johnson's Indian Department. Andrew Montour was appointed as a captain in George Washington's regiment at Fort Necessity during the French and Indian War. He was granted of land by Pennsylvania in the Montoursville area. He left Montoursville at some point and moved to what now is Juniata County before finally settling on Montour's Island in the Ohio River near Pittsburgh.
She may have had another son, Lewis (or Louis) Montour, whose Indian name was apparently Tau-wesonHirsch, 109n80. or Tan Weson.Sivertsen, 110. He may have been her nephew rather than her son. Little is known about him. He served as a messenger, and was reportedly killed in the French and Indian War.
Montour's daughter or niece, Margaret, sometimes known as "French Margaret", became the leader of French Margaret's Town, an Indian settlement at the mouth of Lycoming Creek a few miles up the West Branch Susquehanna River from Montour's village. Margaret Montour's daughter Catharine Montour also became a noted local leader, and many 19th-century historians confused her with Madame Montour.
AT least four streams in Pennsylvania were named after her; see Montour Run. |
Madame Montour | See also | See also
Montour family |
Madame Montour | References | References
Notes |
Madame Montour | Bibliography | Bibliography
Hagedorn, Nancy L."'Faithful, Knowing, and Prudent': Andrew Montour As Interpreter and Cultural Broker, 1740–1772". In Margaret Connell Szasz, ed., Between Indian and White Worlds: The Cultural Broker, 44–60. University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
Hirsch, Alison Duncan. "'The Celebrated Madame Montour': Interpretess across Early American Frontiers", Explorations in Early American Culture 4 (2000): 81–112
Merrell, James. "'The Cast of His Countenance': Reading Andrew Montour." In Ronald Hoffman, et al., eds., Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America, 13–39. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Parmenter, Jon. "Isabel Montour: Cultural Broker on the Eighteenth-Century Frontiers of New York and Pennsylvania." In Ian K. Steele and Nancy Rhoden, eds., The Human Tradition in Colonial America, 141–59. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Press, 1999.
Sivertsen, Barbara J. Turtles, Wolves, and Bears: A Mohawk Family History. Westminster, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1996. .
Wallace, Paul A. W. "Madame Montour". In Edward T. James, ed., Notable American Woman, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, 2:568–69. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 1971.
Category:17th-century births
Category:1750s deaths
Category:Algonquin people
Category:Interpreters
Category:Canadian Métis women
Category:Women Native American leaders
Category:People of New France
Category:Métis politicians
Category:First Nations women in politics
Category:Native American people from Pennsylvania
Madame Montour
Category:18th-century Native American women
Category:18th-century American women
Category:18th-century Native American people
Category:American Métis women |
Madame Montour | Table of Content | short description, Identity debate, Marriage and family, Career in New York, Life in Pennsylvania, Legacy, See also, References, Bibliography |
John Taylor (trader) | # | redirect Hut Tax War of 1898 |
John Taylor (trader) | Table of Content | # |
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