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Gandhi Sports Complex Ground | External links | External links
ESPNcricinfo Website - Ground Page
Cricketaarchive Website - Ground Page
Category:Cricket grounds in Punjab, India
Category:Buildings and structures in Amritsar
Category:Sports venues in Punjab, India
Category:Sports venues completed in 1933
Category:1933 establishments in India
Category:20th-century architecture in India |
Gandhi Sports Complex Ground | Table of Content | Short description, One Day International cricket, International cricket five-wicket hauls, Key, ODIs, References, External links |
Beel (disambiguation) | wikt | Beel is a term for a pond (wetland) with static water.
Beel may also refer to:
Chalan Beel - a wetland in Bangladesh
Louis Beel (1902–1977), Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1946-1948, 1958–1959) |
Beel (disambiguation) | See also | See also
Beal (disambiguation)
Bheel (disambiguation)
BIL (disambiguation) |
Beel (disambiguation) | Table of Content | wikt, See also |
Category:Texaco Footballers of the Year | This category contains players awarded | This category contains players awarded Texaco Footballer of the Year.
Category:Gaelic football trophies and awards |
Category:Texaco Footballers of the Year | Table of Content | This category contains players awarded |
Teenagers (song) | Short description | "Teenagers" is a song by the American rock band My Chemical Romance from their third studio album, The Black Parade (2006). An "anthemic" song which has been described as punk rock, glam rock, southern rock, and emo, "Teenagers" was inspired by frontman Gerard Way's fear of teenagers, with lyrics addressing apprehension towards teenagers and teenage gun crime. The song was written by band members Bob Bryar, Frank Iero, Ray Toro, Gerard Way, and Mikey Way, and was produced by the group alongside Rob Cavallo.
The track was released as the album's fourth and final single on July 9, 2007. "Teenagers" has charted in multiple countries, including in the United States where it reached #67 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2007, and #16 on the Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart in 2019 following the announcement of the band's reunion. The track was certified four-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, signifying certified sales of 4 millions units. The single also peaked at #9 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming one of three by the band to reach the Top 10, and was certified two-times platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).
The accompanying music video for "Teenagers", directed by frequent collaborator Marc Webb, depicted the band performing in a high school gymnasium before being attacked by a horde of fans. The song has received positive reviews from music critics, who praised its catchiness and considered it a standout both on The Black Parade and in the band's discography as a whole. My Chemical Romance has included "Teenagers" on the set lists of their various live performances, including that of their reunion tour, and the track has been covered by various recording artists. "Teenagers" has also been widely used on the app TikTok, particularly in July 2022 as both a protest song against the overturning of Roe v. Wade and as part of a social media trend. |
Teenagers (song) | Background and release | Background and release
My Chemical Romance began writing their third studio album, The Black Parade, in early 2006 at S.I.R. Studios in New York. There, frontman Gerard Way expressed an interest to create an album which explored life and death, but contained his real fears "buried under layers of pomp and circumstance". "Teenagers" was conceived as part of these early sessions; Gerard Way explained in an interview with Take 40 Australia that the song was primarily written while he was riding the New York City Subway, as he found himself scared of high schoolers in a train car and began to wonder if he was out of touch with the youth.
Following the completion of The Black Parade, My Chemical Romance biographer Tom Bryant noted how certain executives at Warner Records wished for "Teenagers" to be released as the album's first single; this was ultimately rejected in favor of "Welcome to the Black Parade". The song was first announced as the eleventh song on the album on September 13, 2006, and was released alongside the album on October 23, 2006. "Teenagers" was subsequently released to American alternative radio stations on May 15, 2007, and was officially released as the album's fourth single on July 9, 2007. The song was later included on the 2008 live album and DVD The Black Parade Is Dead!, which featured the final show performed on The Black Parade Tour. The song was also included on May Death Never Stop You, the band's 2014 greatest hits album, and on The Black Parade/Living with Ghosts (2016), the 10th-anniversary reissue of The Black Parade. |
Teenagers (song) | Composition and lyrics | Composition and lyrics
"Teenagers" is an anthemic song which has been described as punk rock, glam rock, southern rock, and emo. Instrumentally, the song begins with a simple guitar riff consisting of hammer-on notes and palm muting; a vibraslap can also be heard prior to each chorus. During the song's bridge, a "funky" guitar solo, described by Sam Roche of Guitar World as being "sing-along", is played. Both David Fricke of Rolling Stone and Christopher R. Weingarten of The New York Times stylistically compared "Teenagers" to songs by T. Rex, while both NME and Bryant compared it to those by Status Quo. Weingarten additionally noted how "Teenagers" seemed influenced by the Slade song "Mama Weer All Crazee Now", while NME also compared the track to those by Roxy Music.
Lyrically, "Teenagers" was inspired by Gerard Way's fear of teenagers. It is distinctive from the rest of The Black Parade in that it does not directly follow the album's overarching narrative about the death of The Patient; Way instead described the song as a "commentary on kids being viewed as meat; by the government and by society". April Prince of Alternative Press noted how the song was both a "rallying cry" for teenagers against the prejudice placed on them by adults, and commentary on how adults like Way could adopt those prejudices. Josiah Gogarty of GQ also perceived "Teenagers" as a self-referential look at the band's own teenage fanbase.
The song's lyrics also address teenage violence and gun crime. Andy Greenwald of Spin interpreted the track as Way taking the role of a military recruiter drafting teenagers, while Sia Michel of The New York Times observed how it blamed teenage violence on adults. In an interview with NME, Way acknowledged the severity of gun crime among teenagers in the United States, and explained how the track "almost didn't fit on the record, but it's a topic that's so important to our culture". Way also brought up the Smiths song "The Headmaster Ritual" within the interview, which Weingarten called a "direct lyrical influence" on "Teenagers" due to their similar lyrical depictions of violence in schools. |
Teenagers (song) | Critical reception | Critical reception
"Teenagers" received positive reviews from music critics, who praised its sound and wit. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, in his review of the album, lauded the song's simplicity and called it the best by the band. Fricke also highlighted the song's chorus and wrote how it would have been the best song to close the album with. Fraser McAlpine of the BBC gave a five-star review of the single, praising its upbeat sound juxtaposed against its themes of teen angst. Wren Graves of Consequence praised "Teenagers" for its "mocking humor" in a retrospective review of the album, while Clark Collis of Entertainment Weekly lauded its theatrical nature. Rou Reynolds of the band Enter Shikari called the song his favorite by the band due to its catchiness and lyrical content. However, Sean Howe of The Village Voice criticized the line "If you're troubled and hurt / What you got under your shirt / Will make them pay for the things that they did" for being "too Trenchcoat Mafia for comfort".
The track has performed generally well in rankings of songs on The Black Parade, with both Robert Christgau and Theon Weber of Stylus identifying "Teenagers" as a standout on the album. Lauren Boisvert of American Songwriter called the song the third-best song on The Black Parade in her ranking of the album, noting how it resonated with her both as an adult and as a teenager. Ariana Bacle of Entertainment Weekly ranked "Teenagers" fourth, praising its "confident, captivating swagger". Tom Shepherd of Kerrang! placed the song at seventh in his ranking of the album, recognizing it as a "black sheep" on the album yet praising its "galvanising subject" and chorus. However, Mackenzie Templeton ranked "Teenagers" as the album's third-worst song, writing that it "didn't age as gracefully" as other tracks on the album.
"Teenagers" has also been featured in rankings of My Chemical Romance's discography as a whole. The staff of Billboard included the track in their list of the 15 best My Chemical Romance songs, highlighting how many fans of My Chemical Romance — being teenagers during the band's peak of popularity — began to "finally understand the fear" of teenagers, causing the song to "slap even harder". Similarly, Marianne Eloise of Louder included the track in her list of the 20 greatest songs by the band due to its relatability. Margaret Farrell of Stereogum ranked "Teenagers" as the band's fourth-best song, calling it a "disturbingly fun anthem for exploited youth", while the staff of Spin included "Teenagers" in their list of the band's 10 best songs, noting how it served as a good break within the otherwise-dramatic album. Roche of Guitar World specifically lauded the track as being one of the band's 6 greatest guitar moments, highlighting the simplicity of its guitar riff and solo, and praised the track's "infectiously interactive" nature. A Rolling Stone list of the best songs of 2007 placed "Teenagers" at #25, calling it the band's "catchiest and most fun song". |
Teenagers (song) | Commercial performance | Commercial performance
In the United States, "Teenagers" debuted at #2 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart on June 23, 2007, before debuting at #87 on the Hot 100 the following week and peaking at #67 on August 4, 2007. The single also peaked at #23 on the Pop Airplay chart. In 2019, following the announcement of the band's reunion, "Teenagers" debuted and peaked at #16 on the Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified "Teenagers" four-times platinum in the United States on October 21, 2021. In Canada, "Teenagers" reached #53 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart on September 15, 2007, and peaked at #21 on the Canada Rock chart.
In Europe, "Teenagers" reached #13 on the Euro Digital Tracks chart. In the United Kingdom, the single peaked at #9 on both the UK Singles and the UK Singles Downloads charts, becoming one of three songs by the group to reach the Top 10 on the former. The song was also listed at #87 on the UK Singles year-end chart of 2007, and was certified two-times platinum in by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). "Teenagers" has also charted on the Scottish Singles Chart (6), the Irish Singles Chart (7), the Czech Republic's Rádio – Top 100 chart (21), Austria's Ö3 Austria Top 40 chart (50), and Germany's singles chart (74). The song has been certified gold in Italy by the Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana (FIMI), in Denmark by IFPI Danmark, and in Spain by Productores de Música de España. Additionally, "Teenagers" peaked at #6 on New Zealand's singles chart, #15 on Venezuela's pop rock chart, and at #16 on Australia's singles chart. The song was certified three-times platinum in New Zealand by Recorded Music NZ. |
Teenagers (song) | Music video | Music video
thumb|upright|The music video of "Teenagers" was directed by Marc Webb (pictured), a frequent collaborator of the band.
An accompanying music video for "Teenagers", directed by frequent collaborator Marc Webb, was released on May 30, 2007. The video depicts the band performing the song inside a high school gymnasium to a group of teenage fans, while cheerleaders with gas masks and batons dance. The group of fans pump the air in unison, before a riot ensues and the band members are "attacked without any regard for their safety". The video ends with a message supporting National Save, a youth violence prevention organization. The music video pays homage to the Pink Floyd film The Wall, with both containing a similar scene of teenagers breaking through a padlocked door. The video was nominated for Best Video at the 2008 NME Awards, losing to that of "Teddy Picker" by Arctic Monkeys. Aliya Chaudhry of Kerrang! ranked the music video for "Teenagers" the sixth best by the band, praising its over-the-top yet captivating nature. |
Teenagers (song) | Live performances and legacy | Live performances and legacy
"Teenagers" has been a staple in My Chemical Romance live performances, having been performed during events such as the 2007 Projekt Revolution tour, the 2007 MTV Europe Music Awards, the 10th Annual Honda Civic Tour, the 2011 Reading and Leeds Festivals, the 2022 Riot Fest and When We Were Young festivals, and the band's reunion tour. The band has also played the song in performances of The Black Parade as a whole, including during the Black Parade Tour and the 2024 When We Were Young festival. Additionally, "Teenagers" has been covered by various artists, including by Palaye Royale in live performances, Macy Gray, Save Face, and Against the Current for the compilation album Rock Sound Presents: The Black Parade.
Prior to July 2022, "Teenagers" had been used by TikTok users to soundtrack videos of politically active members of Generation Z. The track was also adopted by parents on the platform, who used it in videos of rebellious actions taken by their teenage children. In July 2022, "Teenagers" saw a significant revival on the app due to a trend where users would post pictures of their parents as teenagers, and as a protest song by Generation Z after the overturning of Roe v. Wade. "Teenagers" is the band's most-played song on Spotify, becoming their first to surpass one billion streams on the platform in September 2024. |
Teenagers (song) | Credits and personnel | Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of The Black Parade and Apple Music.
Locations
Recorded at Eldorado Recording Studios (Burbank, California)
Mixed at Resonate Music (Burbank, California)
Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York)
Credits
My Chemical Romance
Gerard Way – lead vocals, songwriter, producer
Raymond Toro – background vocals, lead guitar, songwriter, producer
Frank Iero – background vocals, rhythm guitar, songwriter, producer
Mikey Way – bass guitar, songwriter, producer
Bob Bryar – drums, percussion, songwriter, producer
Additional performing artists
Rob Cavallo – piano, producer
Jamie Muhoberac – keyboards, synthesizer, Hammond organ, Wurlitzer piano
Additional personnel
Chris Lord-Alge – mixing engineer
Ted Jensen – mastering engineer
Lars Fox – recording engineer
Chris Steffen – recording engineer
Mike Fasano – drum technician
Andrew Busher – guitar technician
Tyler Dragness – guitar technician
Doug McKean – engineer
Keith Armstrong – assistant engineer
Jimmy Hoyson – assistant engineer |
Teenagers (song) | Charts | Charts |
Teenagers (song) | Weekly charts | Weekly charts
+2007–2008 weekly chart positions for "Teenagers"Chart (2007–2008)PeakpositionCanada Rock (Billboard)21Euro Digital Tracks (Billboard)13Venezuela Pop Rock (Record Report)15
+2019 weekly chart positions for "Teenagers"Chart (2019)Peakposition |
Teenagers (song) | Year-end charts | Year-end charts
+2007 year-end chart positions for "Teenagers"Chart (2007)PositionAustralia (ARIA)65New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)35UK Singles (OCC)87 |
Teenagers (song) | Certifications | Certifications |
Teenagers (song) | Release history | Release history
RegionDateFormatLabel(s)United StatesMay 15, 2007Alternative radioRepriseUnited KingdomJuly 9, 2007CD singleWarnerVariousJuly 30, 2007Digital extended play (EP)AustraliaAugust 31, 2007CD singleWarner GermanySeptember 14, 2007 |
Teenagers (song) | See also | See also
Ephebiphobia |
Teenagers (song) | References | References |
Teenagers (song) | Source | Source
|
Teenagers (song) | Citations | Citations
Category:2006 songs
Category:2007 singles
Category:My Chemical Romance songs
Category:Songs written by Gerard Way
Category:Songs written by Frank Iero
Category:Songs written by Ray Toro
Category:Songs written by Mikey Way
Category:Song recordings produced by Rob Cavallo
Category:Music videos directed by Marc Webb
Category:Reprise Records singles
Category:Glam rock songs
Category:Songs about teenagers
Category:Southern rock songs |
Teenagers (song) | Table of Content | Short description, Background and release, Composition and lyrics, Critical reception, Commercial performance, Music video, Live performances and legacy, Credits and personnel, Charts, Weekly charts, Year-end charts, Certifications, Release history, See also, References, Source, Citations |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | short description | Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control wherein the levels of T3 or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition may result from allostatic responses of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control, dyshomeostatic disorders, drug interferences, and impaired assay characteristics in critical illness.
The classical phenotype of this condition is often seen in starvation, critical illness, or patients in the intensive care unit. Similar endocrine phenotypes are observed in fetal life and in hibernating mammals. The most common hormone pattern in nonthyroidal illness syndrome is low total and free T3, elevated rT3, and normal T4 and TSH levels, although T4 and TSH suppression may occur in more severe or chronic illness. This classical pattern results from type 1 allostatic load, i.e. a stress response resulting from lacking energy, oxygen, and glutathione.
An alternative phenotype with a largely inverse hormonal pattern is seen in several physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, obesity, endurance training, and psychiatric diseases. It is typically associated with high-T3 syndrome, increased plasma protein binding of thyroid hormones, and an elevated set point of the homeostatic system. It represents a response to type-2 allostatic load. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Classical phenotype (type 1 thyroid allostasis) | Classical phenotype (type 1 thyroid allostasis) |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Causes | Causes
Causes of classical euthyroid sick syndrome include a number of acute and chronic conditions, including pneumonia, fasting, starvation, anorexia nervosa, sepsis, trauma, cardiopulmonary bypass, malignancy, stress, heart failure, hypothermia, myocardial infarction, kidney failure, cirrhosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, surgery, infection, brain injury, shock, cancer, and HIV.
Outside the hospital setting, euthyroid sick syndrome (nonthyroidal illness syndrome - NTIS) has been assumed closely related with a series of chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.
Additionally, an NTIS-like phenotype can be present in major depressive disorder, as well as overexercise. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Pathophysiology | Pathophysiology
In critical illness, the activity of different deiodinases is altered. Humoral and neuronal inputs at the level of the hypothalamus may adjust the set point of thyroid homeostasis. This may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the central component of thyroid allostasis in critical illness, tumors, uremia and starvation (TACITUS). In addition, both illness and medication (e.g. salicylates and heparin) may impair plasma protein binding of thyroid hormones, resulting in reduced levels of total hormones, while free hormone concentrations may be temporarily elevated.
Euthyroid sick syndrome probably represents an overlap of an allostatic response with pathologic reactions and drug interferences. Allostatic overload may result in wasting syndrome and myxedema coma. Thyroid storm, though, represents allostatic failure, where the organism is unable to develop NTIS in the situation of thyrotoxicosis. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Deiodinases | Deiodinases
thumb|D1, D2, and D3 regulate the levels of T4, T3, and rT3.
Three primary deiodinases are responsible for thyroid hormone conversion and breakdown. Type 1 (D1) deiodinates T4 to the biologically active T3, as well as the hormonally inactive and possibly inhibitory rT3. Type 2 (D2) converts T4 into T3, and breaks down rT3. D3 produces rT3 from T4, and breaks down T3. The balance of D2 and D3 is important for overall T3/rT3 balance.
In NTIS, the concentrations of these deiodinases are altered, although whether NTIS is the cause or effect of this in peripheral tissues is unclear; in some studies, the alterations in thyroid hormone concentrations occurred before the changes in deiodinase activity. Typically, peripheral D1 and D2 are downregulated, while peripheral D3 is upregulated; this is associated with lower T4 and increased rT3. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis downregulation | Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis downregulation
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus integrate global signals about the body's energy state. They may be stimulated by signals such as leptin, alpha-MSH, and catecholamines; and inhibited by glucocorticoids, neuropeptide Y, and agouti-related peptide.
alt=Thyroid System.|right|thumb|The HPT Axis.
In critical illness, inflammation increases tanycyte D2 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, leading to local tissue hyperthyroidism. There may also be decreased central D3. This causes negative feedback on the HPT axis, and therefore reduced TRH gene expression in the PVN. This is exemplified by the common NTIS phenotype of low TSH even in the face of peripheral hypothyroidism. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Cytokines | Cytokines
Illness can cause inflammation, which often involves an increase in cytokines such as TNFa, IL-1, and IL-6. Cytokines are implicated in NTIS. IL-1β has been shown to decrease liver D1, as well as thyroid hormone receptor (THR) levels. IL-6 and TNFa downregulate D1 and suppress TSH, are negatively correlated with fT3, and are positively correlated with rT3. NF-κB also inhibits D1, and decreases the expression of Thyroid receptors α and β. IFNy inhibits thyroid and Tg release, and also inhibits the upregulation of TSH receptors. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Thyroid hormone receptors | Thyroid hormone receptors
In chronic liver and renal (kidney) failure, increased THR expression occurs. In contrast, in acute illness such as sepsis and trauma, decreased THR expression occurs. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Thyroid hormone transporters | Thyroid hormone transporters
During NTIS, alterations arise in the concentrations of thyroid hormone transporters such as MCT8 and MCT10, although whether the levels are increased or decreased depends on the study. The altered concentrations are thought to be a result of NTIS, rather than a cause; a study in rabbits showed that administering thyroid hormones normalized transporter expression. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Binding proteins | Binding proteins
Decreased thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) occurs following bypass surgery, and in chronic illness, a less effective form of TBG with lower affinity for thyroxine is synthesized. Reduced quantities of bound thyroid result, leading to decreased total thyroid measurements. Decreases in total thyroid may be more severe than alternations in free hormone levels. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Drugs | Drugs
Dopamine and corticosteroids, commonly given in the hospital setting, can suppress TSH and suppress conversion of T4 to T3. Other drugs such as estrogen, contraceptives, salicylates, and phenytoin can alter the binding of TBG to TH, resulting in different TH concentrations. Additionally, lithium disrupts thyroid function, and thyromimetic endocrine disrupters may downregulate the HPT axis. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Fasting | Fasting
Fasting is a common response in inflammation and critical illness. Originally, selenium deficiency as a result of malnutrition was thought to reduce D1 catalytic activity, but this theory has not been supported as a cause of NTIS.thumb|A fasting response is common in critical illness.
NTIS as a result of fasting may be regarded as a healthy and adaptive mechanism that reduces energy expenditure. Fasting in healthy, euthyroid people causes reduced T3 and elevated rT3, although TSH is usually unchanged. Even moderate weight loss can lower T3.
This may be primarily via reduced levels of leptin (the satisfaction hormone). Low leptin levels can downregulate hypothalamic TRH neurons and cause a reduction in TSH. Ιn fasting animals, administering leptin reverses NTIS symptoms and restores thyroid hormone concentrations. In obesity, increased leptin increases TSH and T3, and lowers rT3, possibly as an attempt to increase energy expenditure and return to weight set point.
Other signals associated with hunger also affect the HPT axis. Insulin and bile acids, which are elevated after a meal, lead to increased D2 activity, therefore increasing T3 and reducing rT3. Low leptin increases NPY and AGRP (associated with appetite), which inhibit TRH gene expression; this effect is enhanced by ghrelin (the hunger hormone). a-MSH stimulates TRH gene expression in the PVN. This is enhanced by leptin, and inhibited by low leptin. a-MSH is also antagonized by AGRP. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Alternative phenotype (type 2 thyroid allostasis) | Alternative phenotype (type 2 thyroid allostasis)
An anti-NTIS phenotype is observed in some circumstances, wherein TSH, T3, and T4 are generally elevated rather than suppressed. This can occur during pregnancy, obesity, cold adaptation, stay in high altitudes, endurance exercise, acute psychosis, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
According to newer theories, elevated concentrations of TSH and thyroid hormones in type 2 allostasis result from an up-regulated set point of the feedback loop, which ensues from increased TRH expression in the basolateral amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in response to stress.
High-T3 syndrome in thyroid carcinoma may result from autonomous thyroid hormone secretion or overexpression of type 2 deiodinase in cancer cells rather than from type 2 allostasis. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Conditions with mixed phenotypes | Conditions with mixed phenotypes |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Psychiatry | Psychiatry
Stress suppresses TSH, and alterations in thyroid hormone levels may arise in psychiatric illness. In major depressive disorder, an NTIS-like phenotype may be observed, with reduced T3 and increased rT3. T4 may be elevated, and TSH is usually normal, although TSH's normal circadian rhythm may be disrupted. Bipolar 1 and PTSD can exemplify an anti-NTIS phenotype, with upregulation of the HPT axis and increased T3. This may also occur during acute schizophrenic episodes. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Exercise | Exercise
After exercise, a transient increase occurs in TSH, T4, and T3, but this is thought to be due to increased blood concentration as a result of dehydration. The effects normalize after rest. After long-term heavy strain, levels of thyroid hormones decrease. This is exacerbated by other stressors such as undernutrition and lack of sleep, such as in a military training setting. During endurance exercise, before exhaustion, elevated thyroid hormone levels may happen due to increased expected energy demand (type 2 allostatic load). |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Environmental conditions | Environmental conditions
Cold exposure and stay at high altitude may lead to type 1 or type 2 phenotype, depending on duration and other boundary conditions (which determine whether or not stress is associated with energy deprivation). |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Diagnosis | Diagnosis
Affected patients may have normal, low, or slightly elevated TSH depending on the spectrum and phase of illness. Total T4 and T3 levels may be altered by binding protein abnormalities, and medications. Reverse T3 levels are generally increased, while FT3 is decreased. FT4 levels may have a transient increase, before becoming subnormal during severe illness. Correspondingly, in the majority of cases calculated sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (SPINA-GD) is reduced. Generally the levels of free T3 will be lowered, followed by the lowering of free T4 in more severe disease. Several studies described elevated concentrations of 3,5-T2, an active thyroid hormone, in NTIS. 3,5-T2 levels were also observed to correlate with concentrations of rT3 (reverse T3) in patients with euthyroid sick syndrome.
NTIS is a component of a complex endocrine adaptation process, so affected patients might also have hyperprolactinemia and elevated levels of corticosteroids (especially cortisol) and growth hormone. NTIS can be difficult to distinguish from other forms of thyroid dysfunction in the hospital setting. Both NTIS and primary hypothyroidism may have reduced fT3 and fT4, and elevated TSH (which is common in the hospital, during the recovery phase of NTIS). Prescribing thyroxine to treat this may lead to lifelong thyroid overtreatment.
Hyperthyroidism may be assumed due to decreased TSH and a transient fT4 increase. In some cases, this can be distinguished from NTIS by a thyroid ultrasound, which is commonly available in the hospital intensive care unit.
NTIS looks similar to central hypopituitarism; both frequently have reduced TSH and thyroid hormone levels. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Treatment | Treatment
Debate is ongoing as to whether NTIS is an adaptive or maladaptive mechanism in response to physiological stress. Some sources indicate that NTIS is beneficial as an acute-phase response, but detrimental during the chronic phase of illness. Several trials have investigated a possible therapy for NTIS, but they yielded inconsistent and partly contradictory results. This may be due to the heterogeneity of investigated populations, and to the lack of a consistent definition of NTIS.
Administering exogenous T3 and T4 has variable results, but overall seems to confer no improvements to health outcome. Administering TRH to patients with chronic illness, however, seems to normalize thyroid levels and improve catabolic function.
When NTIS is caused by the normal fasting response to illness, early parenteral nutrition has been shown to attenuate alterations in thyroid hormone (TSH, T3, T4, rT3) levels, whereas late parenteral nutrition exacerbates it. Late parenteral nutrition, though, also reduced complications and accelerated recovery in one study. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | History | History
In 1968, a reduced T4 half-life in athletes was discovered. This was the first awareness of thyroid hormone concentration alterations that were not a result of thyroid gland or pituitary dysfunction. In 1971, they also found a transient increase in T4 during bicycle training.
In 1973, Rothenbuchner et al. discovered that starvation is correlated with reduced T3 concentration. Following this, a similar phenotype was noted in patients with critical illness, tumors, and uremia.
The alternative phenotype of type-2 thyroid allostasis was first predicted in 1968, when John W. Mason expected the concentrations of thyroid hormones to rise in situations of psychosocial stress. Mason's postulate was later confirmed by numerous studies. |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | See also | See also
Thyroid storm
Thyroid Function Test (TFT) |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | References | References |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Further reading | Further reading
|
Euthyroid sick syndrome | External links | External links
Category:Thyroid disease
Category:Syndromes affecting the endocrine system |
Euthyroid sick syndrome | Table of Content | short description, Classical phenotype (type 1 thyroid allostasis), Causes, Pathophysiology, Deiodinases, Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis downregulation, Cytokines, Thyroid hormone receptors, Thyroid hormone transporters, Binding proteins, Drugs, Fasting, Alternative phenotype (type 2 thyroid allostasis), Conditions with mixed phenotypes, Psychiatry, Exercise, Environmental conditions, Diagnosis, Treatment, History, See also, References, Further reading, External links |
Bullinger | '''Bullinger''' | Bullinger is a surname. It most commonly refers to:
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575), Swiss Reformer and theologian
Notable people with the surname include:
Ethelbert William Bullinger (1837–1913), English clergyman, biblical scholar, and dispensationalist theologian
Hans-Jörg Bullinger (born 1944), German scientist
Herbert Bullinger (1918–2004), German cavalry officer
Jim Bullinger (born 1965), American baseball player
Johann Balthasar Bullinger (1713–1793), Swiss landscapist, portrayer, engraver and 1773 professor at the newly founded art school «Kunstschule Zürich»
Kirk Bullinger (born 1969), American baseball player |
Bullinger | See also | See also
|
Bullinger | Table of Content | '''Bullinger''', See also |
Naomh Abán GAA | Short description | Naomh Abán GAA is a Gaelic football club based in the Gaeltacht village of Baile Bhuirne, County Cork, Ireland. It participates in games of the Muskerry division of the Cork GAA. The club has experienced senior grade football within Cork county for many years. It now participates in the Premier Intermediate grade.
The club has contributed a number of players to the Cork Gaelic football team. These have included Anthony Lynch, Mícheál Cronin, Gerry Lucey, Gerry Lynch, Mick Scannell, Peadar Healy, and Coleman Twomey.
Naomh Abán GAA fields underage boys and girls teams and also has an adult ladies team. The club does not field any hurling teams.
The ladies team won the All-Ireland Intermediate title in 2003 making it the most successful team in the history of Naomh Abán. |
Naomh Abán GAA | History | History
The club is centred in the parish of Baile Bhúirne which is located in the valley of the River Sullane. The parish is spread along the N22 national primary road (Macroom-Killarney), on the eastern side of the Cork/Kerry county bounds. There are two football pitches- Páirc Abán and a new one, Páirc Íosagáin between the two parts of the village Ballymakeera. The first pitch was situated on wetlands () which were dried and laid out in lawn. Changing rooms and perimeter walls were also constructed. At the official opening on 25 February 1979, the President of the GAA, Con Murphy, dedicated Páirc Abán (St Aban's Park) in memory of Conchúbhar Ó Luasa. Kerry and Cork played in a challenge game to mark the opening. The new park is located near Coláiste Íosagáin where it has undergone major development in 2016 with the development of Áras Abán, which includes a seated stand, changing rooms, medical room, referee room, gymnasium, meeting room & club shop.
The club is situated in a Gaeltacht area. Many of Naomh Abán's players have achieved highly on the county and national stage. Micheál O Scanaill won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship medal in 1973, and he and Dónal Óg Ó Liatháin have won Sigerson medals. O Scannail has also won Railway Cup and Munster Championship medals on more than one occasion. Jerry Lynch has a league medal to his name. Many players have won All-Ireland Minor, U21 and Vocational schools medals. Father and son Diarmuid and Jonathan McCarthy both won All Ireland minor and junior medals. Anthony Lynch was a member of the Cork panel when they won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2010. |
Naomh Abán GAA | Honours | Honours
Cork Intermediate Football Championship: (2) 1977, 1999; Runners Up: 1975, 1976
Cork Division 4 Football League: (1) 2021
Cork Junior Football Championship: (2) 1973, 1988
Cork Minor B Football Championship: (1) 1992, 2018, 2019
Cork Under-21 Football Championship: Runners Up 1995
Cork Intermediate Football League: (3) 1974, 1976, 1978
Mid Cork Junior A Football Championship: (6) 1928, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1988
Mid Cork Junior B Football Championship: (3) 1971, 1995 , 2014, 2018
Muskerry Junior C Football Championship: (3) 1996, 2007, 2009
Comórtas Peile na Gaeltachta: (8) 1975, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 2000, 2003, 2005
Muskerry Under 21 football Championships: (11) 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1980, 1987, 1995, 2012, 2020
Muskerry Minor Football Championships: (9) 1965, 1966, 1967, 1981, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2010
Rebel Óg West Minor B Football Championship: (3) 2012, 2014, 2018, 2019
Rebel Óg West Minor B Football League: 2018
Rebel Óg County Minor B Football Championship: (3) 2012, 2014, 2018, 2019 |
Naomh Abán GAA | Notable players | Notable players
Michael Creedon
Peadar Healy
Anthony Lynch
Jerry Lucey
Diarmuid McCarthy
Michael O'Cronin
Mick Scannell
Jerry McSweeny
Mario O'Riordain |
Naomh Abán GAA | References | References |
Naomh Abán GAA | External sources | External sources
Naomh Abán GAA at sportsmanager.ie
Category:Gaelic football clubs in County Cork
Category:Gaelic games clubs in County Cork |
Naomh Abán GAA | Table of Content | Short description, History, Honours, Notable players, References, External sources |
Category:B-Class Delaware articles | These articles are considered to be B-class articles in | These articles are considered to be B-class articles in WikiProject Delaware.
Delaware articles |
Category:B-Class Delaware articles | Table of Content | These articles are considered to be B-class articles in |
Polyiodide | Short description | The polyiodides are a class of polyhalogen anions composed entirely of iodine atoms. The most common member is the triiodide ion, . Other known larger polyiodides include [I4]2−, [I5]−, [I6]2−, [I7]−, [I8]2−, [I9]−, [I10]2−, [I10]4−, [I11]3−, [I12]2−, [I13]3−, [I14]4-, [I16]2−, [I22]4−, [I26]3−, [I26]4−, [I28]4− and [I29]3−. All these can be considered as formed from the interaction of the I–, I2, and building blocks. |
Polyiodide | Preparation | Preparation
The polyiodides can be made by addition of stoichiometric amounts of I2 to solutions containing I− and , with the presence of large countercations to stabilize them. For example, KI3·H2O can be crystallized from a saturated solution of KI when a stoichiometric amount of I2 is added and cooled. |
Polyiodide | Structure | Structure
right|thumb|300px|The 14-membered ring array of iodine atoms in [([16]aneS4)PdIPd([16]aneS4)][I11]
right|thumb|300px|The primitive cubic lattice of iodide ions bridge by I2 molecules, present in [Cp*2Fe]4[I26]
Polyiodides adopt diverse structures. Most can be considered as associations of I2, I−, and units. Discrete polyiodides are usually linear. The more complex two- or three-dimensional network structures of chains and cages are formed as the ions interact with each other, with their shapes depending on their associated cations quite strongly, a phenomenon named dimensional caging. The table below lists the polyiodide salts which have been structurally characterized, along with their counter-cation.
+ Structure of higher polyiodides Anion Counter-cation Structural description [I2]− Na(C3H6O) linear [I3]− Cs+, (C4H9)4N+ linear [I4]2− [Cu(NH3)4]2+ symmetric linear array of iodine atoms [I5]− [EtMe3N]+ V-shaped with polymeric layers [EtMePh2N]+ V-shaped with isolated [I5]− ions[I6]2−[NH3(CH2)8NH3]2+almost linear [] [I7]− [Ag(18aneS6)]+ an anionic network derived from a primitive rhombohedral lattice of iodide ions bridged by I2 molecules [I8]2− [Ni(phen)3]2+ regular anionic shapes, can be described as [·I2·] or [·] [I9]− [Me2iPrPhN]+ 14-membered ring tied by two I2 bridges to give 10-membered rings [Me4N]+ non-octahedral, but a twisted "h"-like arrangement of and I2 units [I10]2− [Cd(12-crown-4)2]2+; Theophyllinium twisted ring configuration with two units linked by two I2 molecules [I11]3− [(16aneS4)PdIPd(16aneS4)]3+ 14-membered ring (9.66 × 12.64 Å) around the complex cation, with the rings interlink further to give an infinite 2D sheet [I12]2− [Ag2(15aneS5)2]2+ extended 3D spiral superstructure supported by Ag–I bonds and weak I···S interactions [Cu(Dafone)3]2+ planar configuration [I13]3− [Me2Ph2N]+ consists of zigzag chains of I− and I2[I14]4−4,4′-bipyridiniumdouble hook (·I2·I−·I2·I−·I2·) [I16]2− [Me2Ph2N]+ centrosymmetric arrangement of [·I2·] [iPrMe2PhN]+ the anion forms 14-membered rings catenated by I2 molecules, which further link into layers with 10- and 14-membered rings [I22]4− [MePh3P]+ two L-shaped [I5]− units linked by an I2 molecule and completed by two end-on [I5]− groups [I26]3− [Me3S]+ consists of [I5]− and [I7]− ions with intercalated I2 molecules [I26]4− Cp*2Fe+ an anionic network derived from a primitive cubic lattice built from I− ions, with I2 bridges on all edges and systematically removing of the I2 molecules [I29]3− Cp2Fe+ an anionic 3D network with a cage-like structure of [{()·I2}·{()·I2}·I2], with [Cp2Fe]+ ions interacting with the anion in the cavities [I∞]δ− Pyrroloperylene+• Infinite polyiodide homopolymer.
center|thumb|650px|Structures of some polyiodide ions. |
Polyiodide | Reactivity | Reactivity
Polyiodide compounds are generally sensitive to light.
Triiodide, , undergoes unimolecular photodissociation. Polyiodide has been used to improve the scalability in the synthesis of halide perovskite photovoltaic materials. |
Polyiodide | Conductivity | Conductivity
Solid state compounds containing linear-chain polyiodide ions exhibit enhanced conductivity than their simple iodide counterparts. The conductivity can be drastically modified by external pressure, which changes the interatomic distances between iodine moieties and the charge distribution. |
Polyiodide | See also | See also
Triiodide
Polyhalogen ions
Iodine–starch test
Dye-sensitized solar cell
Halogen bond
Catenation
Inorganic polymer |
Polyiodide | References | References
Category:Anions
Category:Iodides
Category:Polyhalides |
Polyiodide | Table of Content | Short description, Preparation, Structure, Reactivity, Conductivity, See also, References |
Richard Geis | # | redirect Richard E. Geis |
Richard Geis | Table of Content | # |
Category:Top-importance Delaware articles | These articles are considered to be of top-importance in | These articles are considered to be of top-importance in WikiProject Delaware.
Delaware articles |
Category:Top-importance Delaware articles | Table of Content | These articles are considered to be of top-importance in |
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Jasoniancurtis | <div class="boilerplate mfd" style="background-color: #E3D2FB; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
:''The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellany page below. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellany page below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result of the debate was keep. Titoxd(?!? - cool stuff) 01:48, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
User:Jasoniancurtis
Vanity page for user with few outside edits. Wikipedia is not MySpace -- Merope 20:06, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
Delete per nom. MER-C 08:04, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
Keep, give user a couple of weeks. If nothing changes after that, I would readily vote delete. GracenotesT § 01:36, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
Keep for now - drop the guy some suggestions on editing tasks he can help with or projects he might be interested in (such as Wikipedia:WikiProject Basketball). If he contributes nothing, re-nom in a few months. But try to encourage more first. bd2412 T 08:59, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
Weak Keep for now mainly per BD. User has attempted to make productive edits. However, userpages that resemble articles aren't a good thing. JoshuaZ 20:22, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. |
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Jasoniancurtis | Table of Content | <div class="boilerplate mfd" style="background-color: #E3D2FB; margin: 2em 0 0 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
:''The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellany page below. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a [[Wikipedia:Deletion review |
Maiwand Lion | Short description | The Maiwand Lion is a sculpture and war memorial in the Forbury Gardens, a public park in the town of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. The statue was named after the Battle of Maiwand and was unveiled in December 1886 to commemorate the deaths of 329 men from the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot during the campaign in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in Afghanistan between 1878 and 1880. It is sometimes known locally as the Forbury Lion.
thumb|left|upright|The inscription on the plinth
The inscription on the plinth reads as follows:
This monument records the names and commemorates the valour and devotion of XI [11] officers and CCCXVIII [318] non-commissioned officers and men of the LXVI [66th] Berkshire Regiment who gave their lives for their country at Girishk Maiwand and Kandahar and during the Afghan Campaign MDCCCLXXIX [1879] – MDCCCLXXX [1880]."History does not afford any grander or finer instance of gallantry and devotion to Queen and country than that displayed by the LXVI Regiment at the Battle of Maiwand on the XXVII [27th] July MDCCCLXXX [1880]."Despatch of General Primrose.
thumb|right|Close-up of the lion
The regiment lost approximately 258 men out of 500 (reports of the number vary, see the statue inscription total above) at the battle of Maiwand, having faced an Afghan army ten times larger than the British contingent. Eleven of the men, protecting the colours, made such a brave stand before their deaths that the Afghans who fought them reported it with great respect. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle based his character Doctor Watson on the regiment's Medical officer, Surgeon Major A F Preston, who was injured in battle.
The sculptor was George Blackall Simonds, a member of the Reading H & G Simonds brewing family. The sculpture took two years to design and complete, and the lion is one of the world's largest cast iron statues. Rumours persist that Simonds committed suicide on learning that the lion's gait was incorrectly that of a domestic cat. In fact, he made careful observations on lions at London Zoo and the stance was anatomically correct. He also lived for another 43 years, enjoying continuing success as a sculptor and later creating a statue of Queen Victoria (1887) and a statue of George Palmer (1891). He retired from sculpting in 1903 and worked in the family business, eventually becoming its chairman in 1910. In 1922 he came out of retirement to build the Bradfield war memorial, commemorating the deaths in the First World War of those in the 2nd Battalion, South Wales Borderers, which included his son.
thumb|A 3D Scan of the Lion
The statue is made of cast iron and weighs 16 tons. It was cast by H. Young & Co. of Pimlico in 1886 and was originally supported on a terracotta pedestal. This was replaced with Portland stone in 1910 when the terracotta showed signs of cracking under the statue's weight. The rectangular pilastered plinth carries tablets recording the names of the dead, together with inscription above. The whole monument is listed grade II by English Heritage.
The Maiwand Lion featured on the front page of one of the local newspapers, the Reading Post, prior to the publication's closure in 2014. It also appears on the Reading Football Club badge. The Loddon Brewery, located in Dunsden Green, close to Reading, brews an India Pale Ale called Forbury Lion. |
Maiwand Lion | References | References |
Maiwand Lion | Further reading | Further reading |
Maiwand Lion | External links | External links
Category:British military memorials and cemeteries
Category:Culture in Reading, Berkshire
Category:Colossal statues in the United Kingdom
Category:Grade II listed buildings in Reading
Category:Monuments and memorials in Berkshire
Category:Outdoor sculptures in England
Category:Sculptures of lions in the United Kingdom
Category:Second Anglo-Afghan War
Category:1886 sculptures
Category:Iron sculptures in the United Kingdom
Category:1886 establishments in England
Category:Cast-iron sculptures
Category:Sculptures by George Blackall Simonds
Category:Animal sculptures in England
Category:Cemeteries established in the 1880s |
Maiwand Lion | Table of Content | Short description, References, Further reading, External links |
Carbacid Investments | Short description | Carbacid Investments plc, is a manufacturing and investment company in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. The company manufactures and markets carbon dioxide gas for food processing, industrial use and medical use, as well as dry ice. It also tests and validates gas cylinders.
Carbacid Investments currently has a market share of above 65% in the regional carbon dioxide market. The shares of the company's stock are listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), where they trade under the symbol CARB. |
Carbacid Investments | Overview | Overview
The company is the largest manufacturer of food, medical and industrial CO2 in the region. In the financial year that ended 31 July 2016, the company turnover was valued at KSh.831,761,000/= (approx. US$8,317,610). Net profits were at KSh.375,568,000/= (approx. US$3,755,680). The company's total assets were valued at KSh.3,081,768,000/= (approx. US$30,817,680), with shareholders' equity of KSh:2,674,198,000/= (approx. US$26,741,980). |
Carbacid Investments | History | History
Carbacid Investments traces its roots to BEA Sawmills Limited, a company that was first to extract carbon dioxide from a natural underground reservoir in Kereita Forest in Kenya in 1933. Carbacid was officially incorporated in 1961 and listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) in 1972 following a series of acquisitions. |
Carbacid Investments | Operations | Operations
Carbacid Investments is mainly involved in the mining, purification and distribution of carbon dioxide gas to soft drink manufacturers and to beer bottlers. The company also makes medical CO2 for use in hospitals and other medical facilities and laboratories including universities. Other products manufactured by Carbacid include dry ice, which is used in the preservation of cold temperatures when shipping sensitive biological and chemical material. Carbacid's distribution network extends across the whole of East Africa, serving customers in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Eastern DRC, Zambia, South Sudan and Somalia. |
Carbacid Investments | Member companies | Member companies
The companies that comprise the Carbacid Investments Limited include, but are not limited, to the following Kenya registered subsidiaries:
Carbacid (CO2) Limited – The flagship company of the group. Its principal activities involve the mining, purification and sale of carbon dioxide gas. This company is a 100% subsidiary of Carbacid Investments Limited.
Goodison Twenty Nine Limited – An investment company, wholly owned by Carbacid Investments Limited.
Goodison Forty Seven Limited – An investment company, wholly owned by Carbacid Investments Limited. |
Carbacid Investments | Ownership | Ownership
The shares of the Carbacid Investments Limited are listed on the NSE, where they trade under the symbol CARB. the shareholding of Carbacid Investments was as follows:
+ Carbacid Investments Limited Stock Ownership Rank Name of OwnerPercentage Ownership1 Mrs A B Patel & Mr BC Patel 30.412 Leverton Limited 9.363 Kivuli Limited 5.834 Miss T I Friedman 4.425Standard Chartered Nominees A/C: 9230 2.276Cfc Stanbic Nominees Limited A/C NR 1031010 1.687Mrs B C Kampf 1.588Peter Kingori Mwangi 1.099Mr R B Robinson 0.9510Standard Chartered Nominees A/C 10881 0.8611Others 41.55 Total100.00 |
Carbacid Investments | See also | See also
List of wealthiest people in Kenya
Nairobi Securities Exchange
Economy of Kenya |
Carbacid Investments | References | References |
Carbacid Investments | External links | External links
Carbacid Official Website
Carbacid Posts Flat 2013/2014 financial Year Profits
Carbacid Profit Up 28 Percent As Rival BOC Targets Its Turf
Category:Financial services companies established in 1961
Category:Companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Category:Manufacturing companies based in Nairobi
Category:Chemical companies of Kenya
Category:Kenyan companies established in 1961
Category:Industrial gas companies |
Carbacid Investments | Table of Content | Short description, Overview, History, Operations, Member companies, Ownership, See also, References, External links |
Bheel | wikt | Bheel may refer to:
Bhil, a tribe from Central India
Beel, a type of flood pond in the Lower Ganges – Brahmaputra flood plains
Khadem (tribe), a caste from Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Krishan Bheel (born 1968), Hindu politician in Pakistan |
Bheel | See also | See also
Beel (disambiguation)
Beal (disambiguation)
Bil (disambiguation)
Beale
Beall |
Bheel | Table of Content | wikt, See also |
Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy | Short description | Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy is a ballet training school affiliated with the Houston Ballet. The academy is housed in Houston Ballet Center for Dance in Houston, Texas. |
Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy | History | History
During the 1950s, Houston Ballet Academy was established under the leadership of Tatiana Semenova, a former dancer with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. In July 2003, Houston Ballet Academy was renamed Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy in honor of Ben Stevenson, former artistic director of the professional company and director of the academy. Shelly Power has been the Academy's director. |
Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy | Divisions | Divisions |
Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy | Main School Division | Main School Division
Children age seven and older may audition for admission into Levels 1-8 of the Main School program. Auditions are held twice a year. Students follow a structured sequence of training stages designed to increase their technical skills, stamina and discipline in accordance with their age and physical development. |
Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy | Pre-Professional Division | Pre-Professional Division
Houston Ballet II (HBII) is the top level and pre-professional division of the Academy, and students attend daily class taught by instructors from both the Academy and the Houston Ballet company. |
Houston Ballet's Ben Stevenson Academy | References | References |
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