argues that, just as teleological causation is necessary to the social sciences, a specific teleological causation in biology, expressing functional purpose, should be restored and that it is already implicit in neo-Darwinism (e.g. "selfish gene"). Teleological analysis proves parsimonious when the level of analysis is appropriate to the complexity of the required 'level' of explanation (e.g. whole body or organ rather than cell mechanism). See also Actual infinity Actus purus Alexander of Aphrodisias Essence–Energies distinction First cause Henosis Hylomorphism Hypokeimenon Hypostasis (philosophy and religion) Sumbebekos Theosis Unmoved movers References Bibliography Old translations of Aristotle This 1933 translation is reproduced online at the Perseus Project. Action (philosophy) Aristotelianism Causality Concepts in epistemology Concepts in ethics Concepts in logic Concepts in metaphysics Concepts in the philosophy of mind Concepts in the philosophy of science Dichotomies History of logic History of philosophy History of science Logic Metaphysical theories Metaphysics of mind Modal logic Natural philosophy Ontology Philosophy of Aristotle Philosophy of mind Possibility Reality Religious philosophical concepts Scholasticism Theories in ancient Greek philosophy