the UK 5 MHz amateur allocations. The HF Team of RAYNET-UK (Radio Amateurs' Emergency Network the UK's Amateur Radio Emergency Communications body) includes 5 MHz in its regular 7 Day cycle of HF Nets (See RAYNET-UK HF Team reference in 'External Links' section) The 5 MHz band has proved to support reliable intra-UK communication using low power and NVIS (Near Vertical Incidence Skywave) antennas under daylight conditions, but as with other bands can be sometimes affected by solar disturbances. Several technical papers have also been published on NVIS at 5 MHz, utilising information gleaned from monitoring of the UK 5 MHz beacon chain over the numerous years of its existence. United States The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) made the 60-meter band available to General, Advanced and Amateur Extra US amateur radio license classes in 2003. The five channels currently used for the 60-meter band in the USA (ITU Region 2) are: Modes permitted: USB Voice (2K80J3E) CW (150HA1A) RTTY (60H0J2B) (Example: PSK31) Data (2K80J2D) (Example: Pactor III or Packet) which includes any digital mode modulated in a single sideband transmitter, with a bandwidth of 2.8 kHz or less whose technical characteristics have been documented publicly, per Part 97.309(4) of the FCC Rules. Such modes would include PACTOR I, II or III, 300-baud packet, MFSK, MT63, Contestia, Olivia, DominoEX, FT8 and others Maximum Power: 100 W PEP ERP referenced to a half-wave dipole. Secondary status. At no time may any transmission exceed the channel bandwidth of 2.8 kHz and the center of all CW and RTTY (data) emissions must coincide with the authorized center frequencies. Automatic operation is not permitted and the control operator of a station transmitting data emissions must exercise care to limit the length of transmission so as to avoid causing harmful interference to United States Government stations. On 5 March 2012, following earlier proposals by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the FCC brought into effect new rules detailing several changes in US 60-meter amateur radio operations. These included: 5358.5 kHz replacing 5368 kHz (heavily utilized by one of the primary users). Additional modes as detailed above, supplementing existing USB voice provision. A power increase from 50 W to 100 W. These frequencies are also authorized to certain US Government and Military users to establish interoperability with Amateur Radio operators in disasters. This is exercised several times each year in the USNORTHCOM led exercise "Vital Connections", Department