terms of equality, and the right of all peoples to cultural autonomy, linguistic rights, etc. Being grounded in such concepts, independence anarchism is strongly opposed to racism, xenophobia, national supremacism and isolationism of any kind, favouring instead internationalism and cooperation between peoples. Independence anarchists also stand opposed to homogenisation within cultures, holding diversity as a core principle. Those who identify as part of the tendency may also ground their position in a commitment to anti-racism (postcolonial anarchism), class struggle (anarcho-communism and anarcho-syndicalism), ecology (green anarchism), feminism (anarcha-feminism) and LGBT liberation (queer anarchism). Post-colonial anarchism Post-colonial anarchism is a relatively new tendency within the larger anarchist movement. The name is taken from an essay by Roger White, one of the founders of Jailbreak Press and an activist in North American Anarchist People of Color (APOC) circles. Post-colonial anarchism is an attempt to bring together disparate aspects and tendencies within the existing anarchist movement and re-envision them in an explicitly anti-imperialist framework. Where traditional anarchism is a movement arising from the struggles of proletarians in industrialized western European nations and sees history from this perspective, post-colonial anarchism approaches the same principles of class struggle, mutual aid and opposition to social hierarchy as well as support for community-level self-determination, self-government and self-management from the perspective of colonized peoples throughout the world. In doing so, post-colonial anarchism does not seek to invalidate the contributions of the more established anarchist movement, but rather it seeks to add a unique and important perspective. The tendency is strongly influenced by anti-statist forms of left-wing nationalism, APOC and indigenism, among other sources. References Bibliography Aldred, Guy (1948). Rex v. Aldred. Glasgow: Strickland Press. Bakunin, Mikhail (1848). Appeal to the Slavs. In Dolgoff, Sam (1971). Bakunin on Anarchy. Billingsley, Philip (n.d.). "Bakunin, Yokohama and the Dawning of the Pacific Era". Hampson, Norman (1968). The Enlightenment. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Hearder, Harry (1966). Europe in the Nineteenth Century 1830–1880. New York: Longman. . Knowles, Rob (n.d.). "Anarchist Notions of Nationalism and Patriotism". R.A. Forum. Motherson, Keith (5 September 1980). "The Ice Floes are Melting: The State of the Left". Peace News. (2127): 9–11. Nettlau, Max (1953). "Mikhail Bakunin: A Biographical Sketch". In Maximoff, Gregori. The Political Philosophy of Bakunin: Scientific Anarchism. 42. The Free Press. Puri, Karish K. (1983). Ghadar Movement: Ideology, Organisation and Strategy. Guru Nanak Dev University Press. Rocker, Rudolf (1998). Nationalism and Culture (reprint 1937 ed.). Black Rose