A prikaz (, prikaz; , plural: ) was an administrative, judicial, territorial, or executive office functioning on behalf of palace, civil, military, or church authorities in Muscovy and in Russia from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The term usually suggests the functionality of a modern "ministry", "office" or "department". In modern Russian, prikaz literally means an "order". Most of the prikazes were subordinated to the Boyar Duma. Some of them (palace prikazes (, ) were subordinated to the taynyi prikaz or pervyi prikaz, which answered directly to the tsar. The patriarch of Moscow and All Russia had his own prikazes. History Originally, prikazes were created by private orders (, prikaz) given by the tsar to a certain person. The functions of the prikazy would be led by boyars and professional administrators. From 1512, the term "Prikaz" started to be used to refer to offices. There were 22 prikazy (departments) in 1613, however this number would balloon to 80 by the mid-17th century. Abolition The prikazes were abolished by Peter the Great and replaced, beginning in 1717, with administrative organs known as collegiate. This process would undergo a long span of time; the Siberian Prikaz, for example, was restored in 1730 and existed until 1755. At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter the Great even established some new prikazes. The system was only fully eliminated by Catherine the Great in 1775. List of Russian prikazes Foreign affairs Ambassadorial Prikaz () - in charge of international affairs, a kind of a Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1549-1718 Captive Prikaz, (Polonyanichy Prikaz from archaic 'polon', 'plen' meaning "captive"), for the redemption of Russian captives and prisoners of war Prikaz of Pans (Panskiy Prikaz) - office of Polish affairs Administrative Prikaz of the Seal (Pechatny Prikaz) - placed the tsar's seal on various documents granting various things to private individuals, and collected the corresponding duties Stone Prikaz (Kamennyi Prikaz) Coachman Prikaz (Courier Prikaz, Yam Prikaz: Yamskoy Prikaz) Book Printing Prikaz Prikaz of Hospice Construction Pharmaceutical Prikaz (Aptekarskiy prikaz) Monk Prikaz (Monasheskiy Prikaz) Judicial Prikazes Moscow Vladimir Dmitrov Ryazan Military Prikazes Prikaz of Riflemen (Streletsky Prikaz) Artillery Prikaz , (Pushkarsky Prikaz) Prikaz of Admiralty, (Admiralteysky Prikaz) Prikaz of Cossacks (), 1618-1646 Armored Prikaz (Bronniy Prikaz) Conscription Prikaz (Prikaz sbora ratnykh i datochnykh lydei () Prikaz of Foreign Lands (Inozemsky Prikaz) Arsenal Prikaz (Oruzheiniy Prikaz) Preobrazhensky prikaz (ru), which oversaw the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments