the only referee to have worked consecutive Super Bowls (XI, and XII). Gene Barth died on October 11, 1991. For the remainder of the 1991 season, NFL officials wore a black armband on their left sleeve with the white number 14 to honor him. Bernie Kukar, Larry Nemmers (the side judge for Super Bowl XXV), and Stan Kemp were promoted to referee to replace Barth, Seeman, and Tunney. Major rule changes Source: Total Football: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League (). pp 1583–1592. The definition of a drop kick, field goal, and punt is modified: all three can only be attempted from behind the line of scrimmage. If a foul by a player causes an injury to an opponent, a team time out will not be charged to the penalized team anytime during the game instead of only during the last two minutes of a half/overtime. The game clock will not start until the next snap following any change of possession, even if the player went out of bounds. Officials will immediately blow the play dead when a defensive player is offsides before the snap and clearly rushes beyond the offensive line in such a way that he becomes an unabated threat to the quarterback. A touchback will be ruled when a player fumbles the ball in the field of play and it goes out of bounds in the opponent's end zone. A touchback, not a safety, will also be ruled when a player fumbles the ball in his own end zone and the opponent is the one that knocks the fumble out of bounds in the end zone. An offensive player cannot deliberately bat a backward pass forward. 1991 deaths Ollie Spencer Jimmy Strausbaugh Sid Youngelman Members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Paul Brown: Brown died on August 5, 1991 at home of complications from pneumonia. A longtime coach of the Cleveland Browns and co-founder of the Cincinnati Bengals in 1968, also serving as their first coach, Brown was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967. Red Grange: Grange developed Parkinson's disease and died on January 28, 1991, in Lake Wales, Florida. Joining the Chicago Bears in 1925, Grange, a charter member of both the College and Pro Football Halls of Fame, also became the first person other than the game referee to toss the coin at a Super Bowl. Preseason American