Aiming well below the target compensates for this optical illusion. Depth and distance (as well as angle) of the target also impact how far below the fish to aim. Controversy During the late 20th Century and into the 21st Century bowfishing has increasingly become an ethically problematic sport prone to wanton waste of historically-underappreciated native species in the United States. Bowfishing's ecological damage has become amplified since the rise of night bowfishing during the 21st Century. No bowfisheries management, complex native fish life histories, lack of funding for historically (and derogatorily) deemed "rough fish", and the heightened vulnerability of freshwater fishes and their habitats worldwide further exacerbates the ecological waste of modern bowfishing. Modern sport bowfishing (occurring in the US), which is often an effort to amass hundreds of native fish in single outings (sport killing) and to discard them as full-bodied carcasses afterwards, runs exactly counter to central principles of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. In addition, a modern biological understanding of several of these targeted native species (e.g., Bigmouth Buffalo, Bowfins, Quillback) has shown that they exhibit complex life cycles that are especially prone to overfishing. Although some invasive species are sport bowfished in the US including some carp species (e.g. common carp), the vast majority of sport bowfished species are ecologically-valuable native species including gars, bowfin, buffalofishes, carpsuckers, redhorse, several other catostomids species, freshwater drum, hiodontids, paddlefish, bullheads, and catfish. These native species have been increasingly pursued in sport for several years, and thus new sportfish management is long overdue. Sport bowfisheries management of native species must be commensurate with the amount of fish removed from the ecosystem, which is significantly greater per bowfishing participant due to the lethality of the sport (catch and release is not possible), and nonexistent limits or extremely liberal limits. In addition, approaching and killing fish aided by powerful spot lights at night is relatively easy because fish are less skittish, wind conditions are calmer, many fishes move shallower, there is no fighting glare from sun and clouds, there is less boat traffic and less law enforcement. Indeed, in the 21st Century night bowfishing has grown in popularity and legality and is most practiced by experienced bowfishers. More than 1,000 native fish can be removed in a single bowfishing outing.In saltwater, rays and sharks are regularly pursued. Targeted species Freshwater Common carp Bighead carp Silver carp Grass carp River Carpsucker