Altos is a city and district of the Cordillera Department, Paraguay. Etymology It is also called “Altos de Ybypytaré”, which in Guaraní means “path of the wind”, previously called “San Lorenzo de la Cordillera de los Altos”, one of the oldest cities of Paraguay. It is known as the “Terrace of the country” because of its high altitude. Climate The climate in this department is mild and dry. The average temperature is 22° Celsius, in summer reaches 39 °C and in winter drops to 3 °C. Demography Altos’ population is 13,114 in total, 6,862 men and 6,252 women, according to information provided by the Statistics, Polls and Census General Direction. History There are two versions of its foundation. The first tells that Domingo Martínez de Irala founded it, on August 10, 1538. The second one tells that it was Friar Luis de Bolaños in 1580, with the distinction of being the first of many reducciónes (Roman Catholic missions) of the Guaraní people in Paraguay. It was the hiding place of Joseph Mengele, notorious nazi scientist and medical doctor, who experimented in the Nazi concentration camps. Mengele and his wife flew to Altos in 1959, after the government of West Germany discovered their home in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and he received the notification for arrest. His wife did not adapt to this new life and left him. In 1960, he panicked after hearing news of the interest of the nazi hunter in his capture, and with kidnapping of Adolf Eichmann, left Altos to go to Hohenau in the South of Paraguay. Economy The Altos is known for the harvesting of pharmacological plants and coffee, as well as general agriculture, woodcraft, and the breeding of horned cattle. Tourism The church is from the time of the Jesuit Missions and in honor of its patron saint, San Lorenzo (Saint Lawrence). It is located in Heroes' Square in the center of the city. Marshal José Félix Estigarribia's fatal plane crash was near the city of Altos, by the Aguaí Stream. The most important artisan production is the carving of timbó wood in the shape of animals, mythological beings and masks that are later painted with intense colors. The masks became famous as “kamba ra’anga”, an image of the mulatto, used in the re-enactments of the battles between the kambá (mulattos) and the guaicurúes (natives), during the festivities of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, on