nearby hospitals that had admitted victims of the crash. In addition to the Greater Toronto Airport Authority, on-site emergency services were also provided by Peel Regional Paramedic Services, Peel Regional Police, Mississauga Fire and Emergency Services, Toronto EMS, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Ontario Provincial Police patrolled Highway 401. Toronto Transit Commission transit buses were used as shelter for victims near the crash site. Investigation Representation Once the emergency response teams had finished their work, the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) took control of the accident site and led the investigation, with the cooperation of several other organizations in accordance with the provisions of ICAO Annex 13: Transport Canada as the country of occurrence's representative Air France as the operator Airbus as the airframe manufacturer GE Aviation as the engine manufacturer French Department of Transport representing the country of operator and airframe manufacturer United States National Transportation Safety Board representing the country of the engine manufacturer Evidence The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder were sent to France for analysis. Preliminary results indicated that the plane landed from the start of the runway (much further along than normal) at a ground speed of —140 knots being considered normal—with a tailwind, skidded down the runway and was traveling over as it overran the tarmac and fell into the ravine. Tire marks extended indicating emergency braking action. Réal Levasseur Shedalin, the TSB's lead investigator for the accident, said the plane landed too far down the runway to have been able to stop properly on such wet pavement. Investigators have found no evidence of engine trouble, brake failure, or problems with the spoilers or thrust reversers. Why evacuation chutes failed to deploy from two exits remains under study. Some fleeing passengers were forced to jump some to the ground. One passenger took four photographs of the evacuation with his camera, which were released to the media. The final TSB report refers to the photographs and draws conclusions about the nature of the disaster based on them. Mark Rosenker, the acting chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), criticized the concept of passengers taking photographs of disasters, stating, "Your business is to get off the airplane. Your business is to help anybody who needs help." According to Rosenker, taking photographs during an evacuation of an airliner is irresponsible. Helen Muir, an aerospace psychology professor at Cranfield University in the United