the last native speaker. Kamassian has both palatalized and palatal phonemes. Consonantshttps://www.infuse.finnougristik.uni-muenchen.de/e-learning/kamas/o1_kamas.pdf *the affricates may just be consonant clusters **ɣ seems to have been an allophone of g for some speakers. K.Donner also mentioned a sound and an f sound that was used in loanwords. Kamassian also had aspiration. Phonotactics The maximal syllable structure is CVCC. The only type of cluster allowed, in the coda, is ʔC. An example of this would be naʔb (duck). Palatalization only occurs in front of vowels. Three consonants do not occur word initially: the trill r, the velar nasal, and the glottal stop. Variations The last Kamassian speakers had some variations in their speech and a few vowels and consonants were slightly different depending on the speaker, for example: oo ~ ee ə ~ ɯ x ~ k͔´ b ~ β (w) Examples of Kamassian (examples in the UPA script) daγaibə sēləbiə̑m, sēlənnə p͑im bɯn ɯštəbiəm. i sharpened my knife, i dropped the sharpening stone into the water ťăbaktǝrla’bǝm ĭmbi popalo i tell what has happened dĭgǝttǝ măna kumbii’ kazān turānǝ Then they took me to Aginskoe dĭn măna kros embii’ there they put a cross to me Examples of the Koibal dialect timɛzǝt = toothless sagǝssǝt = mindless amnuzǝt = hornless Basic phrases Kăde tănan kăštəliaʔi? = what is your name măna kăštəbiʔi = my name is pasiba = thank you Dărowă/zdărowă = hello naga = isn't jakšə = good ej = no Grammar Kamassian is an agglutinative language and it has many flective markers. Kamassan had 7 cases: Nominative -Ø, Genitive, -(ǝ)n, Accusative -(ǝ)m, Lative/Dative -n(ǝ) ~ -dǝ ~ -tǝ, Locative -Kǝn ~ -gǝn, Ablative -gǝʔ ~ -kǝʔ and Instrumental źəʔ ~ -śəʔ. And the plural endings are: -zaŋ ~ -zeŋ ~ -saŋ ~ -seŋ. However, there are a few irregularities : ešši 'child', esseŋ 'children', bulan 'moose' and genetive "bulaan". Verbs There are three tenses and moods in Kamassian: Conditional, Imperative, Future, Present tense, Past tense and Optative. The Conditional is formed by -na ~ -ne after vowels and -ta ~ -te ~ -da ~ -de after consonants. The second component is -ze which comes after the personal ending. kandamze 'I would go'. Imperative is done by adding -ʔ or -Kǝ. Optative ending is -š(ti) in the singular and -Šǝ in the plural and dual. The past tense is done by adding -BiA 1st and 2nd person singular or -Bi in