and flat areas. The main elevations are the Cerro Cúpula de la Reina, and Xólotl, both 1,720 meters above sea level. The climate is semi dry with the driest months in the winter and spring. It is semi-warm without a well-defined winter with about six days a year with temperatures at freezing or below. Most of the annual rainfall, 900mm, falls between July and October. Dominant winds are from the east. The main river is the Santiago originally called the Cichnahuay, which flows in the west and north of the territory. Tributary streams include the Popul, Las Jicamas and Agua Amarilla, all located in the east of the municipality. There are also dams called La Rusia, De Sermeño and El Ocotillo, with the Colimilla on the Santiago River itself. The Santiago River carves one of the main natural attractions of the municipality, the Colimilla Ravine. The municipal has also been known for thermal springs, said to have curative powers, since the colonial period. The main thermal spring today are those of Agua Caliente. The municipality contains 420 hectares of forest that contains mostly huizache, mesquite, holm oak and oak. Most of the vegetation is deciduous, with leaves falling during the dry season and scrub plants. Wildlife is mostly limited to the ravines and include various rodents, skunks, deer, wildcats, armadillos, opossums and various bird species. Demographics Ninety seven percent of the population lives in urban areas, with a population density of just over 4,000 people per square km. Population growth from 2005 to 2010 was 3.45%, down from 7.2% the previous five years. As of 2010 only 3,389 people spoke an indigenous language, mostly Nahuatl. Just over 90% of the population is Roman Catholic. Most of the rest are Protestant or profess no religion. Education The municipality has 145 pre-schools, 166 primary schools, 41 middle schools, eighteen high/vocational schools, one special education center and two continuing educational centers. About 60 percent of the population has finished primary school and 3,36% are illiterate. In 2012 the Centro Universitario de Tonalá was opened as part of the Universidad de Guadalajara. See also Municipalities of Mexico Metropolitan areas of Mexico References External links Ayuntamiento de Tonalá Official website Handcraft producers in Tonalá Handcraft producers in Tonalá Exhibition of Tonalá artists in New York www.elclima.com.mx Municipalities of Jalisco Guadalajara metropolitan area