Slave Law of 1850 – Made any federal marshal or other official who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave liable to a fine of $1,000 Kansas–Nebraska Act (1854) - Allowed residents of Kansas and Nebraska to determine whether to abolish or adopt slavery based on "popular sovereignty" Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves (1862) - prohibited the U.S. Armed Forces from returning escaped slaves to their former masters. Enrollment Act (1863) – Established conscription for the Union Army. Resulted in Draft Riots in several American cities, most famously New York City. Noted for the devastating loss of life and property among African-Americans in New York City. Black Codes (1865–66) - series of laws passed by Southern state legislatures restricting the political franchise and economic opportunity of free blacks, with heavy legal penalties for vagrancy and restrictive employment contracts. Civil Rights Act of 1866 – Declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands (1866) - established organization to provide relief and employment to freed African-Americans. Reconstruction Act – A series of four acts provided for the division of all former Confederate states into five military districts; Each district would be headed by a military commander, who was charged with ensuring that the states would create new constitutions and ratify the Southern Homestead Act of 1866 Naturalization Act of 1870 – Allowed persons of African descent to become citizens of the United States Enforcement Act of 1870 – enacted 31 May 1870, empowered the President of the United States to enforce the 15th Amendment Enforcement Act of 1871 – enacted February 1871 Enforcement Act of 1871 Also known as the Ku Klux Klan Force Act. It was the third enforcement act passed by Congress. The act gave the President the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan and other white terrorist organizations during the Reconstruction Era. Amnesty Act (1872) - removed voting and office-holding restrictions from former supporters of the Confederacy and Confederate Army veterans. Civil Rights Act of 1875 - mandated equal treatment in public accommodations and public transportation, and prohibited exclusion from jury service. Posse Comitatus Act (1878) - limited the authority of the federal government to use the U.S. Army to enforce domestic policy. Ended the military occupation of the former Confederacy