Washington James Buchanan Duke (tobacco, electric power) – Durham, North Carolina James Dunsmuir (coal, lumber) – Victoria, BC Canada Marshall Field (retail) – Chicago James Fisk (finance) – New York Henry Morrison Flagler (Standard Oil, railroads) – New York and Florida Henry Clay Frick (steel) – Pittsburgh and New York John Warne Gates (barbed wire, oil) – Texas Jay Gould (railroads) – New York E. H. Harriman (railroads) – New York William Randolph Hearst (media mogul) – California James J. Hill (fuel, coal, steamboats, railroads) – St Paul, Minnesota Charles T. Hinde (railroads, water transport, shipping, hotels) – Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, California Mark Hopkins Jr. (railroads) – California Collis Potter Huntington (railroads) – California Andrew Mellon (finance, oil) – Pittsburgh J. P. Morgan (finance, industrial consolidation) – New York Elon Musk (technology, automotive industry) - California John C. Osgood (coal mining, iron) – Colorado Henry B. Plant (railroads) – Florida John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil) – Cleveland, Ohio Henry Huttleston Rogers (Standard Oil; copper), New York A. S. W. Rosenbach (antique bookdealer) – Philadelphia Thomas Fortune Ryan (public transit, tobacco) – New York Russell Sage (finance, railroads) – New York Charles M. Schwab (steel) – Pittsburgh and New York Joseph Seligman (banking) – New York John D. Spreckels (water transport, railroads, sugar) – California Leland Stanford (railroads) – California Cornelius Vanderbilt (water transport, railroads) – New York Peter Widener (public transportation) – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Charles Tyson Yerkes (street railroads) – Chicago See also Business magnate Business oligarch Media proprietor References Further reading Beatty, Jack. (2008). Age of Betrayal: The Triumph of Money in America, 1865–1900 Vintage Books. Bridges, Hal. (1958) "The Robber Baron Concept in American History" Business History Review (1958) 32#1 pp. 1–13 in JSTOR Burlingame, D.F. Ed. (2004). Philanthropy in America: A comprehensive historical encyclopaedia (3 vol. ABC Clio). Cochran, Thomas C. (1949) "The Legend of the Robber Barons." Explorations in Economic History 1#5 (1949) online. Fraser, Steve. (2015). The Age of Acquiescence: The Life and Death of American Resistance to Organized Wealth and Power Little, Brown and Company. Harvey, Charles, et al. "Andrew Carnegie and the foundations of contemporary entrepreneurial philanthropy." Business History 53.3 (2011): 425–450. online Jones, Peter d'A. ed. (1968). The Robber Barons Revisited (1968) excerpts from primary and secondary sources. Marinetto, M. (1999). "The historical development of business philanthropy: Social responsibility in the new corporate economy" Business History 41#4, 1–20. Ostrower, F. (1995). Why