night and has been developed for recreation. The other warm water springs are Dimmil, Gwana, and Mawulgo springs. A fifth spring, Tungan Maliki, is the only cool spring in the park. Evidence of early human settlements Dukkey Wells – 139 wells with interconnecting shafts representing an elaborate water storage system. Marshall Caves – 59 dwelling caves dug into sandstone escarpments, which were discovered by P.J. Marshall in 1980. There are rock paintings and engravings in zig-zag form and straight lines. Tunga Dutse – a rock with more elaborate engravings than the Marshall caves. Legible writings cover an area on the sandstone rock embankment of about 4m in length in Dwall River. The writings are legible. However, their age and meanings have not been determined Iron Smelting – the shau shau iron smelting works has about 60 standing shaft furnaces, which are believed to be the largest historical industrial complex of its time in the West Africa Sub-region Geographical features Kalban Hill – meaning “flat place” a flat topped hill gives tourists a complete view of the park Kariyo Hill – located near the Marshal caves is a beautiful picnic ground Paliyaram Hill – a popular camp for poachers, located 10 km from Wikki. The Tonglong Gorge – a scenic gorge with associated hills, buttes and escarpments located in the west of the park See also Sumu Wildlife Park References National parks of Nigeria Bauchi State Protected areas established in 1991 Tourist attractions in Bauchi State 1991 establishments in Nigeria