1960s "merger mania" was followed by costly litigation. In the 1980s, the United States experienced a "D&O crisis" along with the overall liability crisis, with increased premiums, reduced availability, and numerous additional exclusionary clauses in the insurance policy. Due to changes in securities laws in the 1960s, the insurance was sold primarily for the concerns of directors and officers of "personal financial protection" (protecting personal rather than corporate assets), but the coverages have evolved so that personal and corporate indemnification are both considered. The 1995 decision of the Ninth Circuit in Nordstrom, Inc. v. Chubb & Son, Inc. resulted in the emphasis in Side C (corporate entity) coverage. The decision resolved an "allocation problem" of how to allocate costs between individual insureds, as the corporation was typically not insured while individuals were. There is no standard D&O form, but each has shared a similar outline. In 2007 Romania changed its corporate law making D&O insurance compulsory. Romania is the only country in EU to make D&O insurance compulsory. Coverages Under the "traditional" D&O policy applied to "public companies" (those having securities trading under national securities exchanges etc.), there are three insuring clauses. These insuring clauses are termed Side-A, or "non-indemnified"; Side-B, or "indemnified"; and Side-C, or "entity securities coverage". D&O policies may also provide an additional Side-D clause, which provides for a sublimit for investigative costs coverage related to a shareholder derivative demand. In detail, the coverage clauses provide the following: Side-A provides coverage to individual directors and officers when not indemnified by the corporation as a result of state law or financial incapability of the corporation; however, exclusions may apply if a corporation simply refuses to pay the legal defense/loss of a director or officer, or if a bankruptcy court issues an order preventing such indemnification Side-B provides coverage for the corporation (organizations) when it indemnifies the directors and officers (corporate reimbursement) Side-C provides coverage to the corporation (organizations) itself for securities claims brought against it (NOTE: securities claims only coverage applies to publicly traded companies and large private companies; small private companies may be able to obtain broader "entity" coverage) More extensive coverage can be obtained for individual directors and officers under a Broad Form Side-A DIC ("Difference in Conditions") policy purchased to not only provide excess Side-A coverage but also to fill the gaps in coverage under the traditional policy, respond when the traditional policy does not,