with Ayatari. His works focused on the vanity of human wishes, and the suffering war leaves behind. Akinari also relished in the complex nature of Yomihon, and hated the other popular genres of time, and is quoted as saying Lady Murasaki deserves to be doomed to hell for writing the Tale of Genji. Middle Yomihon Middle Yomihon developed further on the progress made before it, with authors like Itan Ohie’en publishing multiple collections based on Chinese tales. Tsuga Teisho published a historical fiction called Yoshitsune Banjaku-den, and his writing relied on Chinese influence less. In addition, another author called Shoshu wrote Shochu hachiyuden, which the title directly anticipated Bakin’s work of Nanso Satomi Hakkenden. Late Yomihon Yomihon will take its ultimate form in the hands of Santo Kyoden and Takizawa Bakin. Their stories were complex with unified plots, didactic tones, character development, supernatural elements, and seamlessly combined colloquial and Chinese elements. Bakin himself wrote more than 30 Yomihon borrowing much from his precursors, while also having his own originality. He wrote famous Yomihon like Nanso Satomi Hakkenden, considered to be the pinnacle of Yomihon. Bakin was the student of Kyoden, and in many places, considered his spiritual successor. As Kyoden’s health began to decline, Bakin’s work grew in popularity and readily took its place. Kyoden’s first Yomihon was Takao Senjimon, which based its structure on a Chinese piece Shui Hu Chan. Following that, he wrote Chushin Suikoden, which Bakin highly praised. It was also criticized for relying too heavily on Kyoden’s Kibyoshi writing skills but praised by critics on his writing skill and adaptation, but not on the content. His next work was Asaka no Numa, which is a revenge story, which was becoming popular in Japan at the time it was written. His next popular work was Udonge Monogatari, which was important for its use of Buddhist moral themes and karmic retribution. As Kyoden’s student, those themes made its way into Bakin’s works and created what can be considered one the best Yomihon written, Nanso Satomi Hakkenden. In it, the themes of karmic retribution, revenge plotlines, reinforcement of good and chastising of evil and adaptation of Chinese literature all find their place to create a cohesive and wildly successful Yomihon. See also Japanese literature References Edo-period works Gesaku