answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 13
1.96k
| question
stringclasses 124
values | id
stringlengths 1
5
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"text": [
"8.16 %"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.041 | The one TiO2 aggregates with a high specific surface area calcined at a slow heating rate, which exhibited a short-circuit current density (Jsc) and energy conversion efficiency (η) of 15.94 mA cm−2 and 8.16 %, as a result of a considerable surface area (72.82 m2g−1). | What is the value of η? | 59893 |
{
"text": [
"5.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA09763K | Correspondingly, the quasi-solid-state DSSCs based on sensitizers FNE64, FNE65, FNE66, and FNE67 produced a Voc of 599, 622, 611, and 646 mV, respectively, and a FF of 69%, 73%, 68%, and 67%, respectively, corresponding to a η of 5.5%, 5.7%, 7.2%, and 6.2%, respectively.Generally, Voc is defined as the potential difference between the quasi-Fermi potential of electrons (EFermi) in the titania semiconductor and the redox potential (Eredox) of the electrolytes, which could be described by eqn (4):whereβ is a characteristic constant of the TiO2 tailing states, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, q is the elementary charge, and Ncb is the total number of conduction band states in the semiconductor, n is the number of electrons in the titania semiconductor. | What is the value of η? | 69328 |
{
"text": [
"PtMn0.05"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} | 10.1039/C6CS00752J | Aiming at reducing the cost of CEs and enhancing the performance of the DSSC devices, many alloy CEs have been researched, including Pt alloy CEs: Pt0.02Co, PtCo2, PtCo, PtCo0.50, PtNi0.50, PtNi0.75, Pt3Ni, PtNi, PtFe, Pt0.96Ni0.04, PtMo, PtMn0.05, PtCr0.05, PtPd1.25, PtRu3, PtRu, PtAu; free-Pt alloy CEs: CoNi0.25, CoNi, FeCo2, FeSe, FeNi, Co0.85Se, CoSe, Ni0.85Se, NiSe, MoSe, Cu0.50Se, Ru0.33Se, RuSe, Pd7Se4, NiPd; and ternary alloy CEs: PtCuNi, PtCoNi, PtPdNi, PtFeNi, etc. | What is CE? | 66549 |
{
"text": [
"14.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} | 10.1039/C7TC04649A | Other than that, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM]PF6) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([EMIM]I) were also tested as single ETLs, which gave PCE values of 14.2% and 9.2%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 16742 |
{
"text": [
"6.39%"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | 10.1039/C3NR01868G | The device sensitized with only N719 has a PCE of 6.39%, while the PCE for the device with the addition of the 30 nm CuPc shell to the sensitized TiO2 nanofiber core escalated up to 9.48%, which represents a dramatic 48% increase. | What is the value of PCE? | 69275 |
{
"text": [
"1.09 V"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA01800A | The reference device had 1.09 V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 20.57 mA cm−2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 76.6% fill factor (FF), and 17.17% power conversion efficiency (η). | What is the value of Voc? | 14239 |
{
"text": [
"16.60%"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.01.027 | Furthermore, when ZnO ETL prepared under the Ar/O2 ratio of 1:4, the champion PCE of 16.60% with the higher JSC (21.13mA/cm2) and FF (69.68%) is achieved, which may be attributed to low defect state density and high electrical conductivity in the near-stoichiometric ZnO ETL. | What is the value of PCE? | 5878 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} | 10.1039/C0NJ00585A | It was then applied on a fluorine-doped-tin-oxide (FTO) substrate and sintered for 30 min at 500 °C. | What is substrate? | 74468 |
{
"text": [
"I3−/I−"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} | 10.1039/C4CP04120H | The GSOP values of −5.45 and −5.48 eV for HD-14, and HD-15, respectively, confirmed that the HOMO level of these dyes is below the I3−/I− redox couple (−5.2 eV), and there is enough thermodynamic driving force for efficient dye regeneration. | What is redox couple? | 71294 |
{
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA09221J | The cells did not seal up and the active area of the working electrode was 0.25 cm2.X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed using a D/Max-2200 X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation, and the scattering angles (2-theta) are 20–40°. | What is the value of active area? | 74925 |
{
"text": [
"7.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR05207F | fabricated a SnO2 compact layer by spin coating the SnCl2·H2O precursor followed by annealing in air with an enhancement of JSC and no reduction of VOC and FF observed, contributing to a PCE as high as 17.2%. | What is the value of PCE? | 20288 |
{
"text": [
"7.01%"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105395 | DSSC using the modified carbon material delivers a PCE of 7.01%, which is close to that (7.1%) of the expensive Pt electrode. | What is the value of PCE? | 30572 |
{
"text": [
"1.09V"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.02.017 | The PSC device with 1 v/v% addition of DIO achieved an improved PCE of 17.3% with JSC of 20.5mAcm−2, VOC of 1.09V, and FF of 77.5% at forward scan, and 17.7% with JSC of 20.6mAcm−2, VOC of 1.10V, and FF of 78.3% at reverse scan. | What is the value of VOC? | 1866 |
{
"text": [
"3.09%"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.025 | The DSSC with the PCBM/P3HT ratio at 1:2 possessed the best photoelectric performance with η of 3.09%, JSC of 5.52 mA cm−2 and FF of 0.64.To evaluate the effect of a barrier layer in the solar cell, the J–V curves for the DSSCs with and without a barrier layer were measured and are shown in . | What is the value of η? | 31017 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.009 | The current-voltage characteristics (J-V) of the solar cells were recorded by the Zahner Zennium system (Zahner Zennium and XPOT) under simulated AM 1.5G illumination (100mWcm−2) provided by a solar simulator (TriSOL, OAI). | What is the value of illumination? | 34402 |
{
"text": [
"14.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} | 10.1016/j.coelec.2018.10.006 | The device with 5.5nm C70 shows a PCE of 14.9% with a Voc of 1.03V, a Jsc of 18.6mA/cm2, and an FF of 0.78%, i.e., nearly the same performance for C60 and C70(b). | What is the value of PCE? | 1419 |
{
"text": [
"0.66%"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | 10.1039/C2RA22518B | As a result, the η increased significantly from 0.66% for the nanorods to 1.13% for the hierarchical architectures due to the increase of JSC. | What is the value of η? | 75287 |
{
"text": [
"7.44%"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2016.04.017 | Dense and uniform perovskite film with high substrate coverage could be obtained when the FPDI film was treated by chloroform SVA for half an hour, and the fill factor (FF) of the perovskite solar cell increased from 30.44% to 55.20%, enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.23% to 7.44%. | What is the value of PCE? | 2605 |
{
"text": [
"560 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
637
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.05.025 | The improved IPCE performance of DSCs based on the TPAR11 with CDCA results higher short current density, which will be shown below.The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of the DSCs under white-light irradiation can be calculated from the short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), the fill factor of the cell (ff), and the intensity of the incident light (Pin) from the following equation The detailed parameters (Jsc, Voc, ff, and η) are summarized in , the DSC based on TPAR11 without CDCA (Cell A) gave a short circuit photocurrent density of 13.5 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage of 560 mV, and a fill factor of 0.62, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 4.67%. | What is the value of Voc? | 32951 |
{
"text": [
"5.75%"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | 10.1016/j.matlet.2016.03.086 | In contrast, the DSSCs device using the PEDOT-24 and PEDOT-48 CEs showed a lower η of 6.05% and 5.75%, with the JSC of 14.74 and 13.45 mA cm−2 and the FF of 0.58 and 0.61, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 34154 |
{
"text": [
"12.26%"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA05955A | By comparison, PSCs based on GO-1 HTLs prepared by the LbL method show a large increase in Jsc and the FF, with a Jsc of 19.95 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.986 V, and a FF of 62.36%, resulting in a PCE of 12.26%. | What is the value of PCE? | 18308 |
{
"text": [
"5.33%"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.034 | As a good example, Dye 1 with fluorenone as a suitable additional acceptor has achieved a high PCE up to 5.33%. | What is the value of PCE? | 59395 |
{
"text": [
"67%"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA04061B | The FF increased to 67% for both without and with the mask. | What is the value of FF? | 61436 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} | 10.1016/j.mee.2013.02.081 | The photovoltaic characteristics of the DSSC devices were measured using a Solar Simulator (150 W simulator, Bunkoh–Keiki Co., Ltd.) under simulated solar light with a Xenon Lamp power supply (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2). | What is the value of Solar? | 26426 |
{
"text": [
"11.82%"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} | 10.1039/C5EE00599J | With solvent and concentration engineering, it was found that TIPS-pentacene in pristine form yielded a very competitive PCE of 11.82% at 100 mW cm−2 under AM 1.5G simulated irradiation.TIPS-pentacene (Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 20652 |
{
"text": [
"18.10%"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA12217B | That is, the PCEs obtained by backward and forward scans were 18.57% and 18.10%, respectively, which are quite close to each other. | What is the value of PCE? | 19314 |
{
"text": [
"76%"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} | 10.1039/C8CS00656C | On optimising the coating speed, perovskite precursor solution concentration and flow rate, gap height between the slot-die head and substrate, the slot-die coated perovskite solar cells yielded an efficiency of 18% with Jsc, Voc and FF of 21.5 mA cm−2, 1.1 V and 76%.Doctor-blade coating is a scalable solution-processing technique similar to slot-die coating. | What is the value of FF? | 16628 |
{
"text": [
"6.98%"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | 10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.11.028 | [] worked on 2D-3D bulk heterojunction FASnI3 and achieved VOC 0.47 V, JSC 20.07 mA/cm2, FF 74% and PCE 6.98%. | What is the value of PCE? | 5843 |
{
"text": [
"7.43%"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA02335H | The exact results are summarized in Table 3.Among the fabricated PSSCs, the energy conversion efficiency (η) of N719 reaches the maximum value of 7.43%. | What is the value of η? | 70226 |
{
"text": [
"11.17%"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.12.015 | Compared with the reference device without water additive (11.17%), the device with water additive has a better PCE of 14.02%. | What is the value of PCE? | 11438 |
{
"text": [
"56.0"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} | 10.1039/C5RA09455K | 3b indicates that the maximum IPCE values of GU113 and GU114 are 2.0 and 3.7%, respectively, whereas that of D149 is 56.0%. | What is IPCE? | 72344 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} | 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.12.078 | The photovoltaic properties of the DSSCs were measured using simulated AM 1.5 sunlight illumination with an output of 100 mW/cm2. | What is the value of illumination? | 53776 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105415 | As can be seen, the diameters of the semicircles of SnO2/GQDs based device increased obviously compare with reference device, which meant that after depositing GQDs on SnO2 films, the interfacial contact of ETLs and perovskite layer was improved dramatically resulting reduced the leakage and charge recombination at interface [The effects of GQDs on conductivity of SnO2 film was studied using a FTO/SnO2/(GQDs)/Au structure. | What is ? | 7346 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2012.08.016 | A 300 W metal xenon lamp (Luzchem) served as a simulated sun light source, and its light intensity (or radiant power) was adjusted to simulated AM 1.5 radiation at 100 mW/cm2 with a hot filter that eliminates both ultraviolet and NIR emissions (Luzchem).The X-ray diffraction patterns of as-prepared product obtained from the two-step reaction with two different amines are shown in . | What is the value of light intensity? | 50738 |
{
"text": [
"7.94%"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA14345G | We found that the DSC based on W18O49 NFs gave a PCE of 7.94%, the highest PCE among the three samples and nearly approaching that of 8.01% based on the Pt CE. | What is the value of PCE? | 64425 |
{
"text": [
"11.8 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.04.029 | The best results of Voc, Jsc, FF, and efficiency of the DSSC devices using the electrospun PVDF–HFP/PS(3:1) blend nanofibers were 0.76 V, 11.8 mA/cm2, 0.66, and 5.75% under AM 1.5.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using organic liquid electrolytes have received significant attention because of their high power conversion efficiency Electrospinning is a handy and cost-effective technique for producing nanowebs where the fiber diameters are in the range of a few hundred nanometers to a few microns. | What is the value of Jsc? | 33981 |
{
"text": [
"7.93%"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16148F | As a result, η varies systematically from 7.37% for the NP sample, 8.15% for the NF sample to 7.93% for the ETS cell and 9.35% for the HTS cell.It is well known that the short-circuit current density is mainly determined by the initial number of photogenerated electrons. | What is the value of η? | 69264 |
{
"text": [
"1.01 V"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.06.044 | In comparison with the MAPbI3 based device with a maximum PCE of 14.4% including an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.01 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 20.1 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 70.6%, the MAPbI3−xClx based device surprisingly exhibited a much higher maximum PCE of 19.0%, which is attributed to higher VOC (1.11 V), FF (75.8%) and JSC (22.5 mA cm−2). | What is the value of VOC? | 8094 |
{
"text": [
"25"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.02.061 | After the dye loading the photoanodes and prepared FLG composite ink coated SS counter electrodes were sandwiched together by maintaining the spacing of approximately 25µm using a surlyn (Solaronix SA, Aubonne, Switzerland) spacer. | What is photoanodes? | 57209 |
{
"text": [
"12.82mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.09.039 | The great improvement of efficiency from POZ-1 to POZ-2 is mainly related to the short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) increasing from 4.83mAcm−2 to 12.82mAcm−2. | What is the value of Jsc? | 50811 |
{
"text": [
"12.97%"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} | 10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.05.025 | Conversely, the solar cell based on B/NRs shows the worst photovoltaic performance with a PCE of 10.29% (reverse scan) with highest hysteresis, and the NPs/NRs based device exhibit a PCE of 12.97% (reverse scan). | What is the value of PCE? | 1466 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA13002A | 5, a ZrN counter electrode did not show effective catalytic activity, whereas a PEDOT:PSS electrode exhibited typical oxidation and reduction characteristics for the I−/I3− redox couple. | What is redox couple? | 66380 |
{
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.01.009 | The J–V characteristics as well as the EQE spectra of the fabricated PSCs under white light illumination with the light intensity of 100mW/cm2 are shown in . | What is the value of illumination? | 3282 |
{
"text": [
"1.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.10.012 | All in all, the efficiency (η) of individual segments varied from 1.7% to 4.1%. | What is the value of η? | 30657 |
{
"text": [
"1.05V"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} | 10.1016/j.spmi.2018.03.051 | When the Y/Ti molar ratios in the hydrothermal grown solutions increased from 3% to 5%, the Jsc, Voc, FF and PCE decreased from 22.50mAcm−2, 1.06V, 76.16% and 18.11% to 22.32mAcm−2, 1.05V, 73.40% and 17.09%. | What is the value of Voc? | 1569 |
{
"text": [
"4.14%"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA04245K | The DSCs with Y, Er, Nd and Zn-ILMC electrolytes exhibit similar PCEs ranging from 4.14% to 4.83%. | What is the value of PCE? | 73308 |
{
"text": [
"0.78 V"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} | 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.08.051 | Between the devices using nil nanoparticles and using both types of nanoparticles, the values of Jsc, Voc, ff, and PCE increased from 16.75 mA/cm2 to 17.88 mA/cm2, 0.78 V to 0.81 V, 0.68 to 0.70, and 8.82% to 10.17%, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 27011 |
{
"text": [
"8.24%"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC03288B | Device B, based on RC-76, showed a Jsc of 16.32 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.710 V and a FF of 0.711, yielding a PCE of 8.24%. | What is the value of PCE? | 67186 |
{
"text": [
"8.59%"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} | 10.1016/j.mtener.2017.10.004 | The DSSC with the CoSe2/CoSeO3-NP exhibited the best η of 8.59%, which was higher than that of the DSSC with a Pt CE (7.91%). | What is the value of η? | 27543 |
{
"text": [
"0.132 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} | 10.1039/C2NR30999H | The J–V measurements were carried out with a cell active area of 0.132 cm2 on a Keithley 236 source measurement unit under AM 1.5 illumination (standard 100 mW cm−2) cast by an Oriel 92251A-1000 sunlight simulator calibrated with the standard reference of a Newport 91150 silicon solar cell. | What is the value of active area? | 69367 |
{
"text": [
"0.56%"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} | 10.1039/C4CS00309H | Despite cyanin injects electrons to TiO2 very efficiently (Φin = 0.98), the IPCE and η values achieved by the cell were quite low (19% and 0.56%, respectively). | What is the value of η? | 64995 |
{
"text": [
"4.18%"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.09.018 | The maximum solar to electrical energy conversion efficiencies (η) of the DSSCs made from only sensitizer were 4.18%, 5.28% and 5.42% while those of the DSSCs made from sensitizer with coadsorbent were 5.47%, 5.58% and 5.63%, respectively.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been considered as one of the most important renewable-energy production techniques due to their high performance in converting solar energy to electric energy In our attempt to develop new TPA-based organic dyes for DSSC applications, we tried to utilize 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole (N-aryl TPT) as an bridging π-conjugation unit and finally we were able to develop two N-aryl TPT-based dyes such as TPTDYE-1 and TPTDYE-2 shown in OC6H13) group on the TPA unit of TPTDYE-2 or replacing the two phenyl groups of the TPA unit of TPTDYE-2 with fluorene.In this study, we reported the detailed synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of three new metal-free organic dyes (TPTDYE-3, TPTDYE-4 and TPTDYE-5). | What is the value of η? | 44843 |
{
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.109 | the ability to reflect light back into the dye as well as the large surface area that allows high dye loading , the efficiency of solid-state DSSCs based on OM-TiO2(950) and OM-TiO2(500) photoanode reached 7.5 and 6.9%, respectively, at 100mW/cm2, which is one of the highest values for N719-based solid-state DSSCs OM-TiO2 films with larger specific surface area and good interconnectivity were prepared using amphiphilic SBS-g-POEM block-graft copolymer as a structure-directing agent. | What is TiO2? | 56695 |
{
"text": [
"17.3mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.02.011 | The highest PCE is comparable to that of titanium-oxide-based PSCs; however, the processing temperature (up to 100°C) was much lower than that required for titanium oxide processing (∼500°C) (b) summarizes the IPCE performance of PSCs without/with PFN as a modifier, showing that the calculated Jsc (based on the IPCE spectra) are 15.7mA/cm2 and 17.3mA/cm2, respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 8276 |
{
"text": [
"5.04%"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.050 | For the cubic CsPbBr3 solar cell, Voc of 0.98V, Jsc of 7.14 Am cm−2 and fill factor of 0.719, was obtained, all displaying an increasing tendency, and enhanced PCE of 5.04% is obtained. | What is the value of PCE? | 6238 |
{
"text": [
"0.02%"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA11200D | In an Al–PEDOT:PSS–MDMO-PPV–ZnO–ITO cell, the PCE was improved from 0.02% to 0.29%, by nearly 15 times. | What is the value of PCE? | 65883 |
{
"text": [
"8.72 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.008 | Their J–V curve and related parameters are demonstrated in The Jsc increases from 5.53 to 8.72 mA/cm2 with the content of 2-MWCNTs increasing from 0 to 0.075%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 26629 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.02.018 | The incident light intensity was 100 mW/cm2 calibrated with a standard Si solar cell. | What is the value of light intensity? | 57688 |
{
"text": [
"6.02%"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.143 | Therefore, the quasi-solid-state DSSC based on sensitizer FNE59 displays an enhanced PCE of 6.02%, which is 23% higher than that for the FNE57 based quasi-solid-state DSSC.Tetrahedrofuran (THF) and toluene were distilled under argon from sodium benzophenone ketyl immediately prior to use. | What is the value of PCE? | 54575 |
{
"text": [
"0.09 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | 10.1039/C7TC05276F | Finally, a 100 nm Al electrode was deposited by thermal evaporation under a vacuum of about 8.0 × 10−6 mbar, the active area of the devices is 0.09 cm2, determined by the size of the Al pads.For the fabrication of inverted planar heterojunction solar cells (ITO/HELs/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/PC61BM/BCP/Ag), the bottom of the ITO-coated glass electrodes was cleaned first by acetone, de-ionized water and isopropyl alcohol, then the surface was treated in UV-ozone plasma. | What is the value of active area? | 12469 |
{
"text": [
"0.991 V"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} | 10.1039/C4MH00236A | effectively increased the pore-filling of perovskite in ZnO NRA film and further improved the PCE to 11.13%, with both increased Jsc (20.08 mA cm−2) and Voc (0.991 V).Mathews and coworkers also reported a ZnO NRA-based all-low-temperature processed device, in which the ZnO nanorods were fabricated using chemical bath deposition (CBD) while the ZnO compact layer was formed by electrodeposition. | What is the value of Voc? | 13208 |
{
"text": [
"5.45%"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.023 | These improvements led to an overall increase in PCE from 5.45% to 6.33%. | What is the value of PCE? | 8113 |
{
"text": [
"600 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA14305H | On the other hand, for undoped DL-ZnO based DSSC the JSC of 13 mA cm−2, VOC of 600 mV and η of 4.1% are obtained. | What is the value of VOC? | 72674 |
{
"text": [
"0.84V"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.061 | The detailed photovoltaic characteristics and dye adsorption abilities of the two different DSSCs are summarized in , it can be seen that the NSHAT film-based device yields a 5.5% efficiency with Jsc=9.12mAcm−2 and Voc=0.84V, while the NP based DSSC gives a higher Jsc of 12.70mAcm−2 and lower Voc of 0.77V. | What is the value of Voc? | 49496 |
{
"text": [
"0.685 V"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.088 | When PANI/graphene electrode is employed as the counter electrode, the DSC exhibits a Voc of 0.685 V, Jsc of 13.28 mA cm−2, FF of 0.67, and η of 6.09%. | What is the value of Voc? | 31005 |
{
"text": [
"7.36%"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA00037D | When the as-prepared hierarchically porous N–F codoped TiO2 hollow spheres are deposited to form a scattering layer, the Jsc value of the Cell P25 + THS is increased to 12.35 mA cm−2 and the η value of the Cell P25 + THS was improved to 7.36%. | What is the value of η? | 60637 |
{
"text": [
"5.50%"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.047 | While the cell with 4 wt% of NGr showed an η of 5.50%, the cell with 8 wt% of NGr showed it to be 5.89%, with a jsc of 13.56 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.67 V, and an FF of 0.65.Furthermore, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra of the DSSCs with bare films of MoS2, NGr, Pt and the composite film of NM-8 were measured under the short-circuit condition and calculated by using the following Eq. | What is the value of η? | 28528 |
{
"text": [
"1Sun"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2017.08.007 | The intensity was adjusted to provide 1Sun illumination (100 mW/cm2) by using a xenon arc lamp with an AM 1.5G spectral filter and calibrated using a reference cell (15151, ABET). | What is the value of illumination? | 7136 |
{
"text": [
"62.35Ωcm2"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.035 | In terms of CM3-2, high Rs (28.45Ωcm2) and Rct (62.35Ωcm2) reflect a poor adhesion between catalyst film and FTO substrate, which will result in the electrochemical instability of CEs. | What is the value of Rct? | 43305 |
{
"text": [
"1.578 V"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA01151J | Owing to the higher hole mobility and well-matched energy level with CsPbBr3, the PSC with the architecture of FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/CsPbBr3/P1Z1/carbon fabricated completely in ambient air free of any encapsulation achieved a champion PCE of 10.03%, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.652 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.578 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 83.06%, and also exhibited long-term stability in air atmosphere with 70% relative humidity over 30 days. | What is the value of Voc? | 15590 |
{
"text": [
"9.81%"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} | 10.1016/j.jechem.2015.10.003 | For example, by SO method (SO-DP-4000-P), the device show simultaneous improvement in all parameters compared to SP-DP-4000-P (a), yielding Voc of 0.88 V, Jsc of 21.86 mA/cm2, FF of 0.51 and PCE of 9.81%, indicating the importance of the pinhole free-compact layer in the device. | What is the value of PCE? | 275 |
{
"text": [
"10.68%"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA05309E | 2, the addition of 1.5 wt% PS increased the VOC to 1.07 V and the FF to 0.64, and led to a PCE of 10.68%, which represents a significant 11% increase in PCEs over the pure PCBM-based cell. | What is the value of PCE? | 21472 |
{
"text": [
"11.64 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} | 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.073 | The TiO2 DL film had the highest Jsc and η of 11.64 mA/cm2 and 4.57%, respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 23326 |
{
"text": [
"0.90 V"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.03.037 | Though positive poling does not render obvious changes on the J–V characteristics, the negative poling significantly reduces the photovoltaic efficiency; VOC was decreased from 1.00 V to 0.90 V, JSC was reduced from 20.06 mA/cm2 to 17.13 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) was decreased from 64.53% to 55.92%, and η was decreased from 13.01% to 8.64%. | What is the value of VOC? | 11563 |
{
"text": [
"18.23%"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | 10.1039/C7CC08985F | As high as 18.23% PCE has been achieved for dly-2 based PSCs, with Jsc of 23.24 mA cm−2, Voc of 1038.9 mV, and FF of 0.755, which is slightly higher than the dly-1 based device with 17.19% PCE. | What is the value of PCE? | 20560 |
{
"text": [
"14.45mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} | 10.1016/j.flatc.2018.02.002 | The measured Jsc, Voc and FF of our T2 – Gr based device were 14.45mAcm−2, 0.77V and 0.44, respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 35106 |
{
"text": [
"6.48%"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} | 10.1039/C3RA43018A | Under a standard global AM 1.5 G solar illumination, RuLC and RuLN sensitized solar cells gave overall conversion efficiencies (η) of 3.91 and 5.23%, respectively, while that of the RuLF solar cell reached 6.48%. | What is the value of η? | 60618 |
{
"text": [
"0.96 V"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA03466G | The normal device PCE of 8.16%, together with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.96 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.7 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 52.6%, is achieved from the device based on pure P3HT HTM. | What is the value of Voc? | 12680 |
{
"text": [
"3.86%"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1039/C5RA13799C | DSSC prepared with N-TNTs resulted η of 4.29% compared to DSSC with pristine TNTs shown η of 3.86%. | What is the value of η? | 63437 |
{
"text": [
"0.66 V"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} | 10.1039/C2NJ40963A | Among them, CZ(TDPP)2 revealed a promising performance in PV devices with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.50%, along with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.66 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 4.12 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.44, under an illumination of AM 1.5G (80 mW cm−2).Organic semiconductors for photovoltaic devices have attracted tremendous investigation due to their advantages of easy-synthesis, flexibility, light-weight and large-scale fabrication. | What is the value of VOC? | 70150 |
{
"text": [
"9.037mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.01.051 | The stronger conjugation between molecules and the broader range of light absorption for NUIST1 contribute to the higher Jsc (9.037mAcm−2) compared to that for TTR1 (Jsc=8.331mAcm−2). | What is the value of Jsc? | 27735 |
{
"text": [
"∼12"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.02.003 | HRMS (ESI, m/z): [M + Na]+ calcd for C60H71N3NaO4S4, 1048.4219; found, 1048.4208.The TiO2 films (∼12μm in thickness) with a scattering layer (∼4μm) were prepared according to the previous procedure []. | What is TiO2? | 49749 |
{
"text": [
"704 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA00793K | Among the dyes, PK2 leads to the highest power conversion efficiency of 9.05% associated with a good Jsc of 18.08 mA cm−2, a Voc of 704 mV, and a FF of 71%. | What is the value of Voc? | 75135 |
{
"text": [
"3.61%"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} | 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.03.109 | It clearly shows that the Jsc increased significantly from 2.12 to 8.79mAcm−2 and the η increased from 0.92% to 3.61% after the film surface was treated by TiCl4 solution for the first time. | What is the value of η? | 33079 |
{
"text": [
"ITO"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.021 | For PbCl2:MAI deposited on ITO/PEDOT:PSS substrate, the film is quite good, continuous and has less pinholes, which can give decent device performance with PCE over 10%. | What is ? | 9691 |
{
"text": [
"65.6±3.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.205 | For the devices employing the single-layer IO ETL, only PCE of 13.7±0.7% combined with VOC of 1.04±0.03V, JSC of 20.1±0.7mA/cm2, and FF of 65.6±3.5% were demonstrated on average. | What is the value of FF? | 7033 |
{
"text": [
"6.38%"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107676 | Furthermore, replacing the extra donor PTZ by TPA, WL7 demonstrates a η of 6.38% with a lower Jsc of 13.69mAcm2, which can be ascribed to the lower dye loading capacity than that of WL5. | What is the value of η? | 39625 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} | 10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.12.104 | The redox couple (I−/I3−) liquid electrolyte was injected through the rear contact of the counter electrode and then sealed using wax [The absorption spectra of the natural metal free dyes was observed using UV–vis spectrometer (VARIAN, Carry 500 scan) with the spectrum range of 200–800 nm and the functional groups present in the dyes was observed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Bruker Optik Gmbh, Tensor 27, Germany) with the spectral range of 500-4000 cm−1. | What is redox couple? | 40035 |
{
"text": [
"glass"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | 10.1016/S0927-0248(03)00016-3 | On the other hand, in the case of illumination through the support of a substrate, dye molecules adsorbed in the outer part (i.e., the part far from CTO glass) of TiO2 film will absorb less visible light with increasing film thickness, as the dye adsorbed in the inner part (i.e., the part adjacent to CTO glass) prevents light penetrating deeper. | What is substrate? | 24033 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbCl3"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.09.009 | Therefore, our CH3NH3PbCl3 interlayer may serve as an effective method for p-i-n PSCs to achieve high Jsc with thicker perovskite layer. | What is perovskite? | 9132 |
{
"text": [
"Flourine doped tin oxide"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} | 10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164061 | UV–vis spectroscopy was utilized for optical properties and bandgap measurements and solar simulator for current voltage measurements.Flourine doped tin oxide (FTO) glasses were used as substrate in all four perovskite solar cells. | What is substrate? | 10202 |
{
"text": [
"4.61%"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} | 10.1039/C0EE00474J | The inverted (bottom-up) NT–TCO substrate was fabricated into a DSSC device that shows a cell performance (η = 6.24%) significantly improved over those of a front-illuminated counterpart with an upright (face-up) structure (η = 4.84%) and of a conventional back-illuminated device (η = 4.61%). | What is the value of η? | 76528 |
{
"text": [
"8.10%"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.007 | The introduction of Nb2O5 coating improved the Jsc and η from 14.20 to 15.32 mA cm−2, and 7.29 to 8.10%, fully proving the decreased electron recombination losses and increased electron collection efficiencies. | What is the value of η? | 41666 |
{
"text": [
"9.80%"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.018 | When CCE was treated for 5min, Jsc, FF and PCE of the according device is increased to 17.79mAcm−2, 59.80% and 10.32% respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 11648 |
{
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} | 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.07.038 | The active area of testing cell was 0.25 cm2.Triphenylamine-rhodanine-3-acetic acid (TPAR) and carbazole–triphenylamine–rhodanine-3-acetic acid (CTPAR)-based organic dyes were synthesized and employed in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). | What is the value of active area? | 47111 |
{
"text": [
"304 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} | 10.1039/C6CP06513A | Moreover, the most important finding to be emphasized is that the totally unexpected result for DSSC based on OF-Py-Cat with both a pyridyl group and a catechol unit may be due to significantly faster back-electron transfer, in spite of the efficient electron injection from the pyridyl group to the CB of the TiO2 electrode.On the other hand, it is also worth mentioning here that the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) values of DSSC based on OF-Cat-Cat (304 mV) and OF-Py-Cat (299 mV) with a catechol unit are much lower than in OF-Car-Car (480 mV), OF-Py-Py (542 mV) and OF-Py-Car (485 mV). | What is the value of Voc? | 69073 |
{
"text": [
"0.61 V"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} | 10.1039/C9RA03344K | For the DSSC with the counter electrode of pure graphene, η is much less and is only 3.15%, while Jsc = 10.59 mA cm−2, and Voc = 0.61 V. | What is the value of Voc? | 69758 |
{
"text": [
"9.90mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.045 | The cell device with Co0.85Se alloy CE yields a maximum front η of 8.30% (Jsc=16.80mAcm−2, Voc of 0.742V, and FF of 0.67) under simulated air mass 1.5 (AM1.5) global sunlight, which is comparable to the cells from Pt and Pt-free CEs b, the DSSC with Co0.85Se alloy CE generate an optimal rear η of 4.63%, Jsc=9.90mAcm−2, Voc of 0.721V, and FF of 0.65. | What is the value of Jsc? | 36912 |
{
"text": [
"0.74 V"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA06220B | As a consequence, the highest η value of 7.78% (JSC = 15.22 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.74 V, FF = 0.69) can be obtained at dye/CDCA molar ratio of 1:10 which notably increases by 32.7% compared with the pure dye solution sensitized TiO2 electrode (5.86%). | What is the value of VOC? | 68953 |
{
"text": [
"4.04mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} | 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.040 | The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.59% is achieved with Jsc of 4.04mA/cm2 and Voc of 0.44V for the DSSC in which the M-SILAR deposited 1-D ZnO NRs based thin film is used as the photoanode. | What is the value of Jsc? | 50579 |
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