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  This article is regarding What is Initialization? Different Types of Initialization, Why Initialization is necessary in C++?
  Last updated on: 24 November 2016.
  ◕ What is Initialization in C++ ?
  - Initialization means declaring the initial value of a Variable.
  In other word we can say that Initialization combines an assignment with its declaration.
  ◕ Example of Initialization:
  Let a simple program:
  #include <iostream>
  using namespace std;
  int india = 29;
  int main()
  {
  cout << "The total states in India is : " << india << endl;
  return 0;
  }
  The above program will give us result as:
  The total states in India is : 29
  ◕ Different ways of Initialization in C++?
  - 1. We can directly declare a constant as the value of a variable.
  Example:
  int india = 29;
  // It Initializes india as 29.
  - 2. We can Initialize a variable to another variable, provide that the other variable has been defined first.
  Example:
  int india = 29;
  int states = india;
  // It Initializes states to 29.
  - 3. We can Initialize a variable to an expression, provided that all the values in the expression are known.
  Example:
  int india = 29;
  int states = india;
  int capitals = states + 7;
  // It Initializes capitals to 29 + 7 = 36
  - 4;. We can also Initialize a variable by the following way,
  int india(29);
  // It Initializes india as 29.
  - 5. Other Expressions to Initialize a variable
  int india{29};
  //It Initialize india as 29.
  - 6.
  int india = {29};
  - 7.
  int india{};
  //It Initialize india as 0.
  Note: Without ' = ' sign.
  - 8.
  int india = {};
  //It Initialize india as 0.
  Note: With ' = ' sign.
  ◕ Why Initialization is necessary?
  - 1) Sometimes if we do not Initialize the value of a variable, then it takes whatever the value left in that memory location by the previous program, or prior to the creation of that variable.
  - 2) If the variable starts with a known value or an initial value, then it makes us easier to work when things go wrong. Because we know the initial value and as a result it makes us easier to find and solve the problem.
  - 3) If we know what the initial value of a variable should be, then we should Initialize it. Because it protects us from forgetting to assign the value later.
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