text: M is for Mates. Animals in Wartime from Ajax to Zep
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  1 M is for Mates Animals in Wartime from Ajax to Zep
  2 For all creatures great and small, especially those who have served their country in wartime. Published by the Department of Veterans Affairs in association with the Australian War Memorial. Designed by Fivefold Creative Canberra Commonwealth of Australia 2009 This work is copyright. Permission is given by the Commonwealth for this book to be copied without payment, by educational institutions within Australia solely for educational purposes. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney-General s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted at For enquiries about reproduction or other uses of this publication contact: Commemorations Education and Visitor Services Department of Veterans Affairs, Australian War Memorial PO Box 21, Woden ACT 2606 PO Box 345, Canberra, ACT 2601 Tel: (02) Website: ISBN: Printed by Union Offset DVA Project Number: P01909 March 2009
  3 M is for Mates Animals in Wartime from Ajax to Zep
  4 Contents A is for animals 2 B is for bird 4 C is for camel 6 D is for dog 8 E is for equipment 10 F is for food 12 G is for Gallipoli donkeys 14 H is for horse 16 I is for insect 18 J is for jungle 19 K is for kangaroo 20 L is for life saver 22 M is for mascot 24 N is for navy cats 26 Where in the world? 28 O is for overseas operations 30 P is for persuasion 32 Q is for quarantine 34 R is for remember 36 S is for symbol 38 T is for transport 40 U is for uniform 42 V is for vet 444 W is for welfare 45 X is in explosives 46 Y is for yap 48 Z is for zoo 49 How much do you know? 50 What word is that? (Words followed by *) Want to know more? 54 Photographs and works of art 555
  5 First World War, France, Animals have played an important part in all the wars in which Australians have been involved. Animals carry messages, and transport people, supplies, and equipment. They also act as life-savers, searching for hidden explosives, or finding people and rescuing them. Animals often serve as mascots or symbols for military units, and many have been kept as pets or companions, providing friendship First World War, France, and comfort for their keepers during the stress of war. Animals help to feed and clothe soldiers. Some animals have even been used to persuade Australians to join up, or to assist in the war effort. Not all animals are helpful however. Some, like insects and wild animals, can make life difficult and dangerous for Australians during wartime. What part are the animals playing on these pages? is for animals How did the parrot escape from the plane? 2 Second World War, Australia, With a parrot-chute! First World War. George Lambert, A favourite charger with groom, Anzac Mounted Division. ART02837 Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  6 Canaries, cockatoos, chooks, ducks, emus, ostriches, owls, parrots, pigeons, rosellas, and swamp hens are just some of the birds linked to Australians at war. The pigeon is a hard-working military bird. Communication Second World War The aluminium ring around the pigeon s leg carries his service number,139:dd:43:t is very important to troops during wartime. Messages often need to be sent quickly to let headquarters know of the enemy s position, or to report on the progress of a mission. Urgent requests for supplies, or for help to evacuate* troops are also sent. In both the First and Second World Wars, when field phones or radio sets did not work, pigeons were used to carry urgent life-saving messages. First World War,1918. What message do you think this little lifesaver is about to take back to base from this British tank in France? How is the soldier feeling? is for 4 First World War, This wicker Pigeons can fly very fast, over long distances, without stopping. basket for two birds, is lined with They also have very strong homing instincts that help them find their way back to their soft material. Can you see the tiny lofts from far away. Messages were carried in special containers on the birds legs, or in small message capsule on the bird s leg? pouches looped over their backs. Delivering the messages was sometimes very dangerous. Pigeons could be shot down by the enemy, be attacked by bigger birds, be blown off course, or even die from exhaustion. What did the Many pigeons still managed to get their message through. little pigeon Baby pigeons are say to the big Pigeons were carried in baskets to the frontline trenches during the First World War, and called squabs pigeon? in jeeps or on motor bikes by soldiers or local guides in tropical jungles during the or squeakers. Peck on Second World War. someone your own size! Boer War First World War Second World W ar Korean
  7 Strange but true! Pigeons have very good eyesight and can see some colours that humans cannot see. They have been trained to spot the orange life jackets worn by people lost at sea. bird B is for Bravery During the Second World War, a special award for brave animals, the Dickin Medal, was introduced. 54 medals were awarded, 32 of them to pigeons for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Two carrier pigeons, working in the Australian Army Signal Corp were awarded the Dickin Medal for their bravery. One of them was No.879:D/D:43:Q, a blue chequer male, part of 1 Australian Pigeon Section. In 1944, he was sent to assist the United States forces trying to recapture Manus Island, north of New Guinea. A small group of soldiers was sent to investigate reports that enemy troops were preparing for a counter-attack near the village of Drabito. The soldiers headed off through dense jungle with a radio and a basket of pigeons, one of whom was Q. Just outside the village they confirmed that the reports were correct; many Japanese soldiers were camped nearby, preparing for a major attack. As the Americans were heading back to base with their news, they were spotted by the Japanese. A fight broke out, and the soldiers needed help, but their radio no longer worked. Time for Pigeon Power! One after another the pigeons were released, with messages calling for help rolled up in tiny canisters on their legs, but each pigeon was spotted by the Japanese soldiers and shot down. The Americans were in great danger. They were surrounded by the enemy. It was all up to Q. Could he get the vital message through? Brave little Q was sent skywards. The soldiers knew he was their last chance for rescue. Up, up, up he flew, but suddenly, as he broke through into clear sky, the sounds of gunshots rang out. Come on. Come on, little buddy, the soldiers were thinking. Higher and higher he spiralled, changing course quickly and avoiding the enemy s gunfire. Within minutes he was out of range, and away safely on his very important rescue mission. He flew the 48 kilometres back to base in 47 minutes, and as a result, help was sent, and the patrol was saved. The Dickin Medal. This medal was awarded to animals by the People s Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA) in Britain during the Second World War. First World War. James F. Scott, Some of the birds of the AIF rank and file and others How many birds can you name in this poster? It was drawn to represent the ranks of soldiers in the army. Second World War, New Guinea, This parrot s name was Iorobaiwa Joe. Corporal McNichol carried him up one side of a mountain range and down the other side, feeding him on a diet of army biscuits. Australia, Cocky lived in a Melbourne nursing home, where soldiers were recovering from the war. He was known to use words that made the nurses blush, and the soldiers laugh. One day, when accidentally locked inside the hall used for concerts and church services, he shredded the prayer books with his sharp beak. 5 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands ARTC
  8 Strange but true! Camels can be stubborn and bad-tempered. They do not like to be led, or hurried. When cross, they can kick viciously sideways, catching bystanders by surprise. Some cameleers* called them hooshtars, and gave them nick names like Cyanide and Stinker! Sometimes camels babies were carried in nets on their mothers backs. First World War, Egypt, These Australian nurses had a souvenir photo taken, showing themselves on top of decorated dromedaries in front of the Sphinx. Here s one cameleer s description of where camels come from! The Arabs say that at the Creation, when the beasts of the earth were formed, there were left over remnants out of which was made a camel... the head of a sheep was placed on the neck of a giraffe, which was attached to the body of a cow, and the neck bent in shame at being put to such use. The tail of an ass was stuck on and the whole was set on the legs of a horse which ended in the pads of a dog, on each of which was stuck the claw of an ostrich. camel Can you draw an animal using this description? Does it look like a camel? First World War, Australia. These men are training at Camel Corps camp. What things would they need to learn? Maxine s camel. Maxine was just two years old when her dad went away to war. In 1941, Private ey Maxwell (Max) Wheeler was sent to Syria to help protect it from an enemy Max wanted to send Maxine a doll for her d birthday; a porcelain doll with long ringlets ess. The closest thing he could find in the Syrian bazaars was a small camel made of red. He bought it, wrapped it, and sent it off. It could take four weeks or more to reach her in On 17 June 1941, Private Wheeler was killed in action djayoun in Syria. He was 29 years old. Soon after, e was a knock at Mrs Wheeler s door, and an army chaplain had come to tell her the sad news. She was now When the postman arrived with a small package wrapped in own paper and string, Maxine and her mum unwrapped it ed leather camel. Before Maxine could get her little fingers around it, her mother bent down, picked it up and placed it on the mantelpiece, out e it stayed until Maxine was old enough to reach it First World War, Middle East,1917. Corporal Albert Holland and his camel. Look at the camel saddles behind him. Maxine s dad. e, unspoilt, in memory of 7 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  9 Have you heard the expression, A man s best friend is his dog? During wartime dogs also become soldiers, working as guards, messengers and life savers. What qualities do dogs have that make them suitable for these jobs? First World War, Gallipoli, Large dogs also did other jobs. These two have been harnessed to a cart, loaded with a machine-gun and ammunition. During the First World War dogs were sometimes used to carry messages when wireless or telephone links failed. They could move quickly around the shell holes and through the trenches. They were trained to operate in the noise and chaos of battle. Second World War, Australia, This puppy is being cleaned up for the visit of General Macarthur, Commander in Chief of Allied forces in Australia. is for dog First World War, France,1918. Corporal James Coull with Nell, Trick, and Bullet, three of the dogs from the 4th Division Signal Company. Can you see the message cylinders on their collars? Dogs could never be completely relied on to get their messages through. Trick was a very efficient messenger. Bullet however, took eight minutes to deliver a message one day, and a few days later was gone for 19 hours! What things may distract a dog from delivering his message? A dog s sense of smell is hundreds of times more sensitive than a human s. Humans can smell a pot of stew. If they could talk, dogs could tell you all the ingredients in it! 8 Second World War, New Guinea,1944. Sister Moxham with Rinte. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  10 ! Vietnam War, Vietnam, This aluminium identity tag belonged to Caesar, a member of the Combat Tracking team with the Australian Task Force. He was from NSW and was the third dog taken into the army in Vietnam War, Vietnam, Caesar on parade with his handler, Private Haran. Do you think the parade commander has been speaking for a little too long? As technology improved, dogs could be used in new ways. During the Vietnam War, dogs were responsible for locating enemy soldiers and their bases, sometimes hidden in the jungle. These highly trained dogs could often sniff out the enemy, long before the soldiers on patrol were even aware they were in danger. equipment On their collars, dogs wore an identity disk giving their name and number. Often their handlers attached other items to show the kind of service given by the dog. Sometimes the dog was even given a rank. First World War, 1917, France. The dog collar for Spot, mascot of 8 Battalion AIF *. Can you see the Rising Sun badge (worn by members of the Australian Army), the red and white colour patch of the 8 Battalion * AIF, a brass A for ANZAC *, a brass stripe denoting a war wound has been received, a piece of blue and white ribbon from a Military Cross, and a brass officer s pip? This is the 1912 Universal pattern leather saddle used by soldiers. Second World War, Australia, Saddlers make all types of pouches and packs for horses to carry things safely. Tack is the term used to describe any of the bits of equipment worn by horses. The horse had to carry all of its own equipment, and everything needed by the rider, as well as the rider! ed these pigeon Strange but true! Strange but tr First World War, Middle East, This horse waits patiently, his reins dropped to the ground, but where is the rider? 11 War ietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  11 Animals need food to survive, but so do humans. Most of the soldiers food came from tins when fresh food was in short supply. is for food Imagine trying to feed thousands of soldiers on the front line during the First World War. Can you work out what s on the menu from these cans of food? ART First World War. C. H. Gould, Extracts from Intelligence Report. These soldiers are roasting pigeons for their dinner. Homing pigeons were protected, and there were rules against the shooting of any pigeons during the war, just in case they were carrying vital information. Second World War, Rabaul, A shipment of sheep sent to provide fresh meat for the troops in New Guinea. Are there more than 100 sheep? Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  12 Donkeys are smaller than horses, with short legs, big heads and long ears, but they are well suited to hot, rugged environments. They are sure footed and can travel quickly over rocky country, even when weighed down with a heavy load. A number of donkeys were brought to Gallipoli to help with transport, as horses could not be used on the steep hillsides. Water, ammunition, and supplies all had to be moved from the beach at Anzac Cove to the men in the trenches. Animals and men found the noise and confusion of the battle very frightening. Gallipoli First World War, Western Australia, Members of the 3rd Field Ambulance Australian Medical Corps, before lea Gallipoli. Can you see Jack smiling for the camera? (He s not wearing a hat.) First World War, Australia, Colonel Sutton s Red Cross armband, said to have been worn by Murphy the donkey. The Turkish soldiers watching from the cliffs above opened fire with machine-guns and rifles, and many Anzacs* were killed or wounded as they came ashore. Men from the Medical Corps ran out of stretchers to carry the casualties. Sometimes they had to hoist wounded soldiers over their shoulders. Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick, (known as Jack), a stretcher-bearer with the 3rd Field Ambulance, came up with a plan to help. He found a donkey sheltering in a scrubby gully. Tossing a blanket over its back for a saddle and tying a halter made from bandages around its neck, Jack soon had a four-legged ambulance. He named him Murphy. From then on, the pair worked tirelessly each day from dawn until well into the night, travelling up and down the rocky hillsides, retrieving the wounded. It was dangerous work for Murphy, dodging gun shots and shellfire. Beside him, Jack softly whistled and sang, reassuring the donkey and his patient as they headed for the beach. On the return trip, Murphy carried fresh water back for the men. Sometimes, Jack and Murphy visited the camp of an Indian artillery unit. There Murphy enjoyed catching up with his mates, the mules used to transport supplies. The Sikh gunners named him Bahadur, which means the bravest of the brave. Duffy, Abdul and Queen Elizabeth were the names of some of the other donkeys Jack used. Colonel Sutton, the commanding officer of the 3rd Field Ambulance, took his Red Cross armband and tied it around Murphy s forehead. He had become an official member of the unit. On 19 May 1915, tragedy struck. As Jack and Murphy made their way along a track, bringing in yet another wounded soldier, there was a loud crack of gunfire. Private Simpson fell dead beside his donkey. Nearby soldiers discovered donkeys their mate, and news of his death spread quickly down the line. Murphy barely stopped. He continued on his way, plodding down the valley on the well-worn track to the hospital below. Later that day, Jack was buried near the beach at a place called Hell Spit. In just 24 days, Jack and his donkey had rescued many wounded men. First World War, 1915, Gallipoli. Private Simpson with his donkey and a patient. But what happened to the little donkey? Some say he was taken by Private Richar Henderson of New Zealand, who continued to use him to retrieve the wounded. Others say that he became a pet of the Indian artillery men, and they took him with them when all the soldiers were e evacuated from Gallipoli i in December Perhaps he was released from service when the soldiers left and he lived out his days roaming the scrubby hillsides of Gallipoli, peaceful again, now the guns of war were silent. First World War, Gallipoli, Private Richard Henderson of New Zealand, who continued Simpson s work with the donkeys. 15 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  13 First World War, Palestine, Horses tethered by lead and heel ropes on the picket lines in camp. Can you see the fly veils on their heads and the nose bags for their feed? First World War, Jerusalem, An Australian Light Horse regiment on the move. Horses have been used in war for thousands of years. Warriors in ancient civilisations charged into battle in horse drawn chariots. Medieval knights dressed their horses in armour for protection from spears and arrows. Later, cavalrymen armed with swords and lances thundered towards each other on horseback. The stories of the Australian Light Horse continued this heroic tradition. is for horse Australian horses were sent overseas from the1830s onwards. Around 40,000 served with Australian troopers in the Boer War in South Africa. Before the First World War, the Light Horse regiments* were formed. They were mounted infantry,* who galloped close to a battle, then dismounted and fought on foot. They gained a reputation as a tough and courageous force. The smallest unit of a Light Horse regiment was the four-man section. One soldier held the reins of four horses, while the other three soldiers went forward to fight. The horse handler had a dangerous job, as enemy aircraft could target him. 120,000 Australian horses were sent overseas during the First World War, many to the Middle East. 16 First World War, Egypt, Men camped in bell tents close to their horses. Each tent slept eight men, feet towards the centre like the spokes of a wheel. Why did the pony cough? Because he was a little hoarse! Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  14 Many young men, especially from country areas volunteered to join up in Light Horse brigades.* Quite often, these recruits brought their own horses. Some volunteers were indigenous Australians who possessed natural tracking abilities and horse handling skills. First World War. Henry Woollcott, Typical light horse. ART03580 The last great charge! Late in the afternoon, on 31 October 1917, Australian Light Horsemen charged into battle for the last time. Men from the 4th and 12th regiments, about 800 in all, had already travelled for 50 kms, and the horses had not been watered for more than a day. The town of Beersheba lay ahead, controlled by Turkish soldiers with artillery* and machineguns. The charge must succeed, or the horses and men would die from dehydration. The horsemen formed up, and moved off, each squadron* in three long lines. The walk turned to a trot, then a canter. Then, in a thunderous gallop, the soldiers descended on the Turks, yelling wildly with bayonets* drawn. There was no dismounting this time! Many leapt over the Turkish trenches, and captured the enemy s guns. Such a terrifying sight frightened the Turkish soldiers, and their gunfire went off course. In less than an hour, Beersheba had been captured. It took thousands of litres of water to quench the thirst of the horses and riders at Beersheba after the battle. Of the 800 men who rode in this last great charge, 31 lost their lives, along with about 70 horses. For many years after, people continued to talk of the charge at Beersheba, and how the walers saved the day. It was the horses that did it, those marvellous horses. Where would we have been without them? said one trooper. Men from Light Horse brigades were sent to Gallipoli in 1915 but without their horses, as the hills and gullies around Anzac Cove were too rough and steep. Strange but true! Originally recruited from New South Wales, the horses were known as walers. From then on, even when other states in Australia sent horses, they were still known as walers. They were medium-sized, tough, bush horses, able to carry heavy loads and travel long distances. Usually, a horse needs to drink about 30 litres of water each day. Sometimes the walers in the Middle East had to go for two or three days without a drink, while carrying a rider and equipment weighing 120kg or more on their back. rolled up greatcoat bandolier slouch hat rifle haversack First World War, Belgium, How many horses and soldiers were needed to pull this wagon from the muddy ditch? Most of the First World War was fought in long trench lines, extending through France and Belgium for hundreds of kilometres. This battle zone was known as the Western Front. Weapons, like machine-guns and grenades, made this a terrible place for horses. Charles Bean, the official Australian war correspondent, wrote in his diary, The poor old things were covered with dry mud, their tails clotted with it, their eyes blinking at you through it. In the Second World War, many Light Horse units were changed into armoured vehicle and tank regiments. Horses went on patrol along narrow jungle tracks searching for missing aircraft or delivering supplies to troops. Today the Royal Australian Armoured Corps carries on the traditions of the original Light Horse Brigade. lead rope canvas horseshoe saddle bayonet bucket and case scabbard mess tin Vietnam, A modern work horse being airlifted into battle. 17 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  15 Not all animals are useful to humans. Some make life uncomfortable, and some are dangerous or even life threatening. Australians have had to deal with many Second World War, Australia, annoying mini-beasts during wartime. Here is one form of fly protection. is for insect Australian soldiers have often travelled to war by ship. In the Second World War one young sailor aboard HMAS Westralia wrote, The ship was a haven for cockroaches. When opening our lockers, dozens of the dirt devils scattered for cover and they left their mark on everything. They crawled over sleeping sailors, peering into ears and noses, and I once saw a cockroach drawn into the mouth of a heavy snorer who never knew what he had swallowed! Stoker Jack Searle Second World War, Egypt, Swatting flies in the desert. The Anzacs arrived on Gallipoli at the start of a hot, dry summer in The swarms of flies everywhere reminded the soldiers of summers back home. But these flies bred in their millions. Open pit toilets, animal manure, and unburied bodies provided them with an ideal breeding ground. They spread diseases like dysentery* and enteric fever* quickly, and many sick men had to be evacuated; some even died. During the Second World War and later conflicts, Australians fighting in the tropical jungles north of Australia were constantly in danger from malariacarrying mosquitoes. Soldiers serving in Vietnam had to take anti-malaria tablets three times a day, and could get into serious trouble if they didn t. Why do you think this was a punishable offence? UN peacekeeping, Rwanda, These Australian soldiers are dipping their entire uniform in a tub of insect repellent. Things to do... Choose an insect and research it. Find out it s habitat, life cycle and food. Second World War, Australia, Second World War, Australia, This is an early form of Sister Cliff discovered this insect mosquito repellent. What might be a problem for soldiers hiding in the Christmas decorations wearing this when they are out on patrol? 18 in the hospital ward. Can you work (Think about the smell!) What are some of out what it is? the insect repellents we can use today? Dogs can die from the poison of a tick bite. Strange but true! Only female mosquitoes bite, searching for blood to help them develop eggs. The word mosquito is Spanish for little fly. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  16 First World War, Egypt, Many Australian units brought animals from home to Egypt. They could not be brought back when the war ended, so were donated to the Cairo Zoo. In the 1950s, it was said to have had the largest collection of Australian native animals outside Australia! is for kangaroo Native animals came to symbolise national pride for Australians overseas during wartime. Like the soldiers, some of them travelled a long way from home. During the Second World War, a group of Australian nurses were taken prisoner by the Japanese in The Netherlands East Indies (now known as Indonesia). Every morning in the prisoner of war camp, they were ordered to bow to the Japanese flag hanging on a pole in the camp yard. How do you think they felt about that? One day they came up with a plan. They hand stitched Josephine, a small kangaroo, only about 30 cm tall. The Japanese guards gave them permission to place Josephine on top of the flag pole. From then on, when ordered to bow to the Japanese flag, the nurses knew they were really bowing to their home country, symbolised by little Josephine. What do you call a baby kangaroo that doesn t get out much? A pouch potato! 20 First World War, England. An Australian nurse with food for Jimony, the pet kangaroo. Things to do... Try making your own Josephine out of cardboard or fabric. Make each of the body parts separately, stuff them with cotton wool, and then sew or glue them together. First World War, England, Soldiers recovering in a British hospital built a snow kangaroo. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  17 World War, Corporal John Maher s canvas kitbag, painted with a kangaroo and an emu as they appear on the Australian coat of arms.* He may have even painted it when on the troopship on his way to Europe. Second World War, Australia, Flying Officer John Venning was on board a troop train, heading for Perth. It stopped to take on water on the Nullarbor Plain in central Australia. There he bought a kangaroo from Aboriginal wood carvers. Children s toys became quite scarce in Australia during the war, so he gave it to his children, Lorraine and Keith. and koala Like kangar koalas were smuggled overseas, hidden in soldiers tunics and back-packs. Australia, The kangaroo has become symbolic of Australia. This is the patch for a section of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).Who is sitting on the kangaroo s back? Things to do... - Listen to the song T Down, Sport by Rolf Harris. - How many clubs or sporting teams can you find that use an Australian animal as part of their name? For example, the Wallabies. - Design a poster using native fauna* to promote the area you live in. First World War, Egypt, Patients in an Australian hospital with their nurse and her furry friend. Second World War, Australia, These soldiers are on the wharf in Sydney waiting to board a ship bound for the Middle East. This rather large toy koala is going along for the ride as well. Would it make a good pillow? Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Why do you think Jim Blundell has tied the little toy koala to his field radio? 21 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  18 is for mascots Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Denton the Dynamic Duckling was found in a house which had been destroyed during fighting. Australian soldiers took him into their care, and from then on he travelled with them on patrol in their tank. Mascots are supposed to bring you good luck. Many Australian military units have chosen an animal to represent them as their mascot. Often the animals and the servicemen and women became great mates. Second World War, Papua, Garbage Guts is an expression given to people who will eat anything. Tilly the goat loved to eat cigarette butts from the ground whenever she saw them. Do you think this would be a good nickname for her? 24 Second World War, New Guinea, Sister Wallace with Peter Fox. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  19 First World War. The mascot of HMAS Encounter in the muzzle of a large ship s gun. is for navy cats Cats have been on board warships for hundreds of years. Their job was to catch mice, rats, and other pests, and to protect the sailors food supplies from being eaten. A ship s cat was thought to bring good luck to a voyage, and some sailors even believed that cats had miraculous powers that could protect ships from bad weather. Navy cats became ships mascots, and provided comfort to sailors who were away from home for a long time. First World War, Soldiers and nurses on board the troopship Demosthenes, bound for England. Can you spot the cat? 26 Post Second World War, HMAS Sydney s mascots; Shrapnel the dog and Salvo the cat. Do you think these two were mates? Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  20 Red Lead In early 1942, HMAS Perth and its crew of over 600 men were patrolling the oceans around Australia. When docked in Fremantle, they took on an extra passenger; a kitten called Red Lead. There were many exciting nooks and crannies for the inquisitive little cat to explore, but curling up in Captain Waller s cabin was her favourite pastime. At the end of February, Perth joined a fleet of British, Dutch, and American ships in a fierce sea battle with the Japanese. Red Lead took cover in the captain s cabin as the noise of guns and explosions raged around the ship. The fleet was outnumbered, and one by one the Allied* ships were crippled, sunk, or forced to withdraw. Perth made it safely back to the harbour, but Red Lead had had enough. It was time to find another home. Stealthily, she crept down the gangway.* A sharp-eyed sailor spotted her, and returned her to the deck. Later, Red Lead tried to escape again. And again. Three times the cat tried to make a getaway but each time she was returned. Some superstitious sailors believed this was a bad omen for future voyages. The next day, the ship went on patrol again, and met a large fleet of Japanese ships. After a desperate battle, Perth was sunk. Over 350 men, including Captain Waller and one little ship s cat, went down with the ship. Second World War, Some of Perth s crew. When real cats were no longer taken on board ships, for reasons of hygiene and quarantine, sailors continued the tradition of the ship s cat with soft toy animals. Second World War, Australia, Dennis Adams, HMAS Perth. Strange but true! ART26927 Cats have very sensitive inner ears. Because of this they have excellent balance, able to land on all fours when falling. This sensitivity also allows them to detect even slight changes in the weather. An approaching storm often makes cats nervous or restless. Courtesy of Felix the Cat Creations, Inc. All rights are reserved & 2009 FTCP, Inc. Vietnam War, Felix the Cat became the unofficial mascot for HMAS Brisbane when it saw duty in the Vietnam War, and then the war in the Persian Gulf in What is white, sweet, has whiskers, and floats on the ocean? A catameringue! HMAS Darwin, This ship needed urgent repairs, (reported as an URDEF-urgent defect) on its way to the war in the Persian Gulf. Commander Ingram was frustrated by how long it was taking for help to come. One morning the sailors heard him say, I m going to my cabin to kick the ship s cat! The officers gave the Commander this large toy lion to be the ship s cat. They named it URDEF, and it wore Commander Ingram s medal ribbons on its collar. First World War, Australia, This lucky black cat bookmark was given to a soldier before he went overseas. The message with it said, I m a lucky black cat And hereby hangs a tail I ll bring good luck to a soldier boy If you ll send me by the mail. 27 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  21 What happened when the owl lost its voice? Nothing, he didn t give a hoot! Second World War, Australia, R. Malcolm Warner, Those who talk don t know... This poster reminded people of the dangers of talking about military information. Why do you think this could be a problem? ARTV02497 is for persuasion Animals and people get quite attached, and this connection can make people feel very emotional. Pictures of animals were used to encourage Australians to get involved in the war effort. Persuading people in this way is known as propaganda. How do the animals in these posters make you feel? What are they trying to convince you to do? ARTV Things to do... Design a poster to encourage your friends to complete a task. Choose an appropriate animal to get your message across. For example, Clean up your mess, with pictures of pigs! Second World War, United Kingdom, Artist unknown, There s deadly danger in that bite! This poster warned against the danger of catching malaria. It gave details about where mosquitoes were found, and how to prevent malaria. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  22 ARTV06107 ARTV04340 First World War, France, G. Douanne, Soignons la basse-cour [Let us look after the farmyard]. Posters encouraged people in France to help in the war effort. The French words on this poster translate as: Take care of the farmyard. I am a brave hen of war. I eat little and produce much. Second World War, Australia, Unknown, How she ll prize your letters from overseas. This poster was used to recruit soldiers into the Australian Imperial Force. First World War, Australia, P.S. Templeton, Assisting Queensland s patriotic day. Kangaroos were often used to urge Australians to hop to it and help in the war effort. What country does the red fez hat represent? ARTV War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  23 Second World War, Jim s backpack used to transport Horrie back home. Second World War, Palestine, Horrie in his travel pack. Quarantine rules control which plants and animals are allowed to enter Australia. This is to stop the spread of disease. For this reason, very few wartime animals could be brought home. is for 34 Horrie s story: Part Two In 1941, Japan joined in the Second World War, and Australian servicemen were recalled from the war in Europe to defend their homeland. Private Jim Moody was one of them. Quarantine regulations were very clear: no animals were to be brought back from overseas. But Jim could not part with his faithful friend. He would have to smuggle him home! Jim adapted a canvas backpack, allowing access for food and water on the long trip. Horrie was taught to sit very still inside his new home as the soldiers boarded the troopship. During the long voyage to Australia, Jim kept him hidden in his cabin, way below deck. What a relief when the ship docked at Adelaide and Jim was able to hand over his precious, secret cargo to his dad. Some other animals were not so lucky. Quarantine officers seized 21 dogs, 17 monkeys, three squirrels, a cat, a rabbit, and lots of birds from returning troopships. Many other soldiers had tried to smuggle their mates and mascots back home. Horrie went to live in Melbourne with the Moody family, while Jim continued his life as a soldier in New Guinea. Mission complete... or was it? After the war, quarantine officials found out that Horrie had been smuggled home, and insisted the dog be handed over. Jim had another cunning plan. At an animal pound, he found a stray dog that looked remarkably like Horrie. He handed the look alike dog over to the authorities. The real Horrie lived out his life on a farm in Victoria, enjoying peace and freedom with Jim and his family, now that the war was over. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  24 Vietnam War, South Vietnam, The tracker dogs used in Vietnam were not allowed to return to Australia. Suitable homes were found for all of them in Vietnam. Here Marcian is introduced to his new family in Saigon. How is his handler feeling? Tracker dogs in Vietnam were often airlifted by helicopter into the patrol zone. They enjoyed the ride in the cool air, which gave them a break from the heat and humidity of the jungle. Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Army tracker dog Justin receives a hug from Helen Porter. The Porter family of England took Justin on his retirement, after more than two years service with the 1st Australian Task Force. Second World War, By the end of the war, there were thousands of carrier pigeons in New Guinea. Because there were no appropriate food grains available for them there, they would have starved if they were released into the wild. The cost of transport, and quarantine rules, prevented them from coming back to Australia, so the birds were put down. A few bodies were returned for display at the Australian War Memorial. quarantine Afganistan, The military working dogs currently serving overseas are allowed to return home. They are kept for at least four weeks in special quarantine stations when they return. These dogs are very valuable, worth up to $30,000 when you add up the cost of training, transport, and food. At the end of the First World War, Australians in the Middle East and on the Western Front had to decide what to do with more than 20,000 horses. In France, Belgium and Britain the horses were sold to locals. In Egypt, donkeys and camels were more popular work animals, and many soldiers feared their horses would be mistreated if they were sold there. Commanders decided that some would be given away, and old or unfit horses would be destroyed. Their manes and tails were shorn, as horse hair could be sold, and their shoes removed. Then, under the care and guidance of veterinary officers, they were put down. Many light horsemen were very sad that the horses could not be returned to Australia. First World War, George Lambert, A favourite charger with groom, Anzac Mounted Division. War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands ART
  25 Australia, These four veterans* took part in an Anzac Day* march in Melbourne. They all served with Light Horse regiments in the First World War. Can you see their medals? Australia, Frank Fayer, a soldier whose sight was damaged in the First World War, marches in the Sydney Anzac Day march with his guide dog. Thinking about the animals that died during wartime makes us sad. We can also feel proud and thankful that they worked hard to help save lives. At many memorials,* animals also help us to remember the people who have died in war. is for remember The Australian War Memorial in Canberra is the national memorial where people come to learn about and remember Australians who have served and died in wars. It holds stories, photographs, artworks, and objects. Many of these feature animals. 36 Australia, Peter Corlett, Simpson and his donkey, ART40993 Things to do... is written on it? Why do you think remembering is important? you include? What words would you use? Make a miniature version using clay or plasticine. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  26 Strange but true! ART Belgium, These two lions, carved out of limestone over 700 years ago, guard the entrance to the Australian War Memorial. They originally sat either side of the road near the city gates of Ypres in Belgium. During the First World War, many Australian soldiers marched through the Menin Gate on their way to war, and many died trying to save that part of Belgium from enemy attacks. The lions were badly damaged during the fighting. After the war, in 1936, the local burgomaster* in Belgium gave them to the Australian War Memorial as a way of thanking Australia for the help that was given to his city during the war. Sometimes, one horse with no rider is led at the head of an Anzac Day march, walking in front of the veterans. Riding boots are placed in the stirrups, but facing the wrong way. This is used to represent wars from which there are no longer any surviving veterans. Sandstone sculptures line the walls of the Commemorative* Area at the Australian War Memorial. They were carved by a stonemason in 1940, and show many types of Australian fauna.* Match the name of the sculpture to the animals pictured below. ART93064 ART93046 ART93049 ART93063 Frilled neck lizard, mopoke, koala, frog, platypus. ART93059 Canberra, ACT, Mr Swan, the sculptor, at work. He is copying from a plaster model. Sandy, the horse who came home. Major General William Bridges was the first commander of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and he took his horse Sandy with him on the long voyage by ship to Egypt in General Bridges went to Gallipoli, but within three weeks, he had been wounded, and later died. His body was sent back to Australia. Sandy was taken to France and continued to work there until the Australian government decided he should be brought home too. After months in a quarantine station in England, he finally reached Melbourne in He lived out his days quietly on a farm near Melbourne. Later, his head was mounted and displayed at the Australian War Memorial. He still wears the bridle that Lady Bridges gave to the General for Sandy, the horse with a star. The A n i m a l s i n Wa r Memorial will be built in the Sculpture Garden of the Australian War Memorial, in Australia, Sandy s head. War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  27 is for symbol Animals are a favourite symbol to represent military units. These cloth patches represent army units from five states in Australia. They are South Australia, the Northern Territory, Tasmania, New South Wales and Western Australia. Can you work out which is which? 38 Things to do... Design a badge for your school. Include an animal in your design that you think best suits your area. The animals on the Australian Coat of Arms were chosen for their strength and speed. Neither animal can move backwards. Can you name them? (Hint: Look on the back cover of this book) Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  28 Second World War, Netherlands East Indies, No. 457 Spitfire Squadron adopted the fierce nose and jaws of the grey nurse shark as its symbol, and called themselves the Grey Nurse squadron. Here are some crew members with their mascot dog, Boomer. Second World War, Australia, From what is the chicken hatching, on the nose of this flying boat? Nose art The pictures painted on the noses of aircraft often include animals. Sometimes these animals are shown attacking symbols representative of the enemy. This badge was made by a soldier during the Second World War. He made it by cutting and drilling out a penny.* Second World War, England, This Lancaster bomber, X for X-ray, shows a fighting kangaroo on its nose. The miniature kangaroos behind it indicate how many operations it has flown. How many can you count? Strange but t true! true! Joint Taskforce, Iraq, This embroidered arm badge signified members of the 2 Battalion Royal Australian Regiment during its service in Iraq. Soldiers stuck it onto their shirt with Velcro. Peacekeeping, Solomon Islands, Soldiers from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and Vanuatu worked together towards keeping the peace on the Solomon Islands. What animal is featured on their hat? Peacekeeping UN* operations, Somalia, Royal Australian Navy 817 Squadron operated helicopters from on board HMAS Tobruk. They had an important role searching for enemy submarines. Can you see what is in the shark s mouth? 39 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  29 Strange but true! When a male donkey and a female horse have a baby, it is called a mule. A baby from a female donkey and a male horse is called a hinny. First World War, Egypt. Fresh supplies went from ship to barge to camel to camp. First World War, Egypt, These camels have become ambulances to transport the wounded. The bed attached to the camel s saddle is called a cacolet. What do you think the flag stands for, and why did they fly it? Horses, mules, or donkeys that carry loads on their back are known as pack animals. First World War, Palestine. How much horse-power does this ambulance have? First World War, Egypt, How did Australian horses get to the war overseas? They travelled by ship with the men, and were often unloaded by a crane. 41 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  30 United Kingdom, Work out which animals contributed to the production of this impressive bonnet, worn by members of the Victorian Scottish regiment. It contains black ostrich feathers, a white vulture plume, black silk ribbons, a red and white woollen band around the base, and a leather sweat band on the inside. is for United Kingdom, This helmet was worn by members of the Royal Horse Guards in London. The plume is made from yak hair dyed red. Animals not only contribute to what we eat, they also contribute to what we wear. In the past, many parts of a soldier s uniform came from animals. United Kingdom, Hats in this shape are called beavers, but not because they are made from beaver skins. This one, worn by a member of the Victorian Colonial Military Force, is decorated with swan s feathers. 42 Iraq, The emu plume in their hat became the symbol of the Light Horse. Soldiers in the First World War tried to trick some of their British mates into believing that they were actually kangaroo feathers. Today, soldiers in some units still use this plume in their hats. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  31 First World War, Australia, Trooper Harry Bunyan of 12th Light Horse Regiment. Can you match the animal, with the item of uniform to which it contributed? cow, sheep, rooster, rabbit. Plume in hat Fur felt hat Woollen tunic Hide leather ammunition bandolier* Hide leather belt Strange but true! First World War, Australia, Before leaving Australia, this soldier had his photo taken wearing a possumskin coat. uniform United Kingdom, General Sir Harry Chauvel, commander of the 1st Light Horse, wore this special woollen tunic to the coronation of King George VI in London. How many medals can you count? Sometimes animals Boer War, This hat belonged to Lieutenant wore uniforms. Here is James Osborne of the 1st Australian Horse. Slouch my navy mate from hats were made from felted rabbit fur, and this one HMAS Swordsman in has black rooster feathers tucked into the puggaree.* 43 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  32 Afghanistan, American vet staff and Australian soldier Zeke Smith check on the condition of Flo Jo. She has had surgery on her front paws to stop her claws rubbing on the protective booties that military dogs wear in the desert. Korean War, Korea, Rusty and Phyllis have to line up for their anti-rabies injections every few months. When working animals are sick or injured, they need to be cared for by a veterinarian. Vets are doctors for animals. is for vet The Australian Army Veterinarian Corps was formed in 1909, and has looked after thousands of animals. Not only do vets treat animals for wounds and injuries, they also inoculate them against dangerous diseases, and take care of their teeth. It is not always easy for vets to work on large animals. Just like you, horses don t like having needles, or having their teeth checked. In the First World War, horses were often injured by stepping on nails. The injury was called a PUN, a picked-up-nail. Soldiers often built small fires using the wood from old packing cases held together with nails. When they had cooked their meal, and the fire was out, the ashes, including the nails, were raked out onto the roads. Many horses became lame from the PUNs. Strange but true! ART First World War, France. H. Septimus Power, Evacuation of wounded horses in the battle line. Second World War, Australia, Vets at work. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  33 The army, navy, and air force all train animals to search out explosives, weapons, and ammunition. These can be hidden by being buried underground or even underwater. Explosive Detector Dogs (EDDs) have been working with the Australian Army since 1981, both in Australia and overseas. Dogs are recruited at the age of 12 to 18 months, and must be good at chasing balls. No special breed of dog is chosen, but border collies, labradors, German shepherds, and retrievers have all become EDDs. Some dogs from the RSPCA have been given a new home and a job with the Army. It is important for the dog and its handler to bond well. Feeding, playing, grooming, and searching are all done together. EDDs wear a working harness and are trained using a tennis ball. Training becomes like a game for the dogs. The ball appears as a reward when explosives are discovered. A dog s keen sense of smell can pick up about 25,000 different scents. When at work, dogs search for up to 40 minutes at a time, followed by a 20 minute rest. If they detect something suspicious, they are trained to sit quietly beside it until the handler alerts other soldiers by radio. After overseas service, dogs are returned home and placed in quarantine for up to 60 days. An EDD works for up to ten years and is then retired to live with the handler or a local family. Afghanistan, Handler Zeke Smith and EDD Flo Jo on patrol in the desert. Flo Jo was recruited from an RSPCA shelter. One day when out in the desert she was found rounding up a mob of sheep. is in 46 Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  34 explosives Strange but true! Do you think I could be an EDD? I m good at chasing cats! East Timor, Elmo gets hoisted aboard a helicopter with his RAAF handler, Steven Pratt. Navy divers use dolphins to detect underwater mines. Dolphins have very sensitive inbuilt sonar.* They emit clicks, which bounce off underwater objects. Handlers train them to report back in a specific way if a mine-like target is detected. The location is then noted so that navy ships can avoid it. Afghanistan, Handler Adam Exelby with Kylie. After working as an EDD for seven years, Kylie retired. She now lives with Adam as his pet. The RAAF has a breeding program, using German and Belgian shepherd dogs. After the puppies are born, they have lots of activities to increase their confidence. At 12 weeks they are taken into shopping centres and backyards, spending time with families and a variety of people, learning to socialise in the big wide world. By the time they team up with a military dog handler they are ready for serious training and together they form strong bonds. Today, RAAF military working dogs (MWDs) provide protection for people and places, and track down explosives or illegal items. East Timor, Kaja smiles for the camera with his handler, Ben Geurts. Afghanistan, Merlin checks items at a local market with his handler Peter Lawlis. In September 2007, Merlin was accidentally killed by a vehicle, and soldiers held a special service before his burial at Tarin Kowt. He served with distinction throughout his Army career. 47 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  35 Second World War, Australia, Do you think Whacko the cockatoo and Cobber the dog are sharing a story? What do you get if you cross a parrot with a centipede? A walkie-talkie! is for yap and yabber and yowl and yelp First World War, Gallipoli, Do you like to chat with your friends? There is another meaning for the word chat. On Gallipoli, chats was the nickname for small lice-like creatures that invaded soldiers uniforms. They made life very uncomfortable and irritating. The soldiers searched through their clothes to find and kill these pests. Animals can be very noisy. This is useful to sound an alarm, or to scare away attackers, but it can be dangerous if it gives away a soldier s position. Driver, the quiet dog. Driver was a tiny silky terrier puppy when he went to the First World War, smuggled inside a soldier s coat on board a troopship. He went everywhere with his master, serving in France and Belgium. Soldiers often took him on ratting expeditions in the trenches, and he became an expert at catching the rodents. Driver faced the same dangers as the soldiers, dodging bombs, bullets, and exploding shells. Once he was so frightened that he ran away for two days. 48 Second World War, Australia, Look carefully at this cow. Is it real? Members of the Australian Women s Land Army practise their milking skills. When his keeper Leslie Ross came home to Sydney in 1919, he wanted to bring Driver too. Quarantine restrictions were a problem, and Leslie suspected that the officials would be waiting for him in Sydney, so another soldier sewed a bag like a giant pocket inside his coat and when the ship reached Melbourne, Driver was popped inside and carried down the gangway. Had the cunning plan worked? Soldiers were ordered to put down their coats and line up for a parade on the wharf. What if Driver barked? For the entire parade, the soldier stared at the coat, willing Driver to stay still and silent. At last the parade was dismissed, and Driver was picked up and sent to Leslie s home in Sydney, where he lived out the rest of his life. Boer War First World War Second World War Korean
  36 Animals do not have a choice about serving in the military. They are used because of the assistance they offer humans. However, like humans, some animals suffer and die as a result of war. Have you made up your own alphabetical list of all the animals in this book? How many have you found? First World War, France, Frank Fryer and two of his assistants from the Society of Friends rug up against the freezing cold, and head off in their ambulance. is for zoo Animals that work during wartime include camels, dogs, donkeys, horses, mules, and pigeons. Many others are used as mascots and symbols. Along with wild animals and pests, there would be enough to make a zoo. First World War, France, Zep s passport and ID. Can you see his paw print? Z is for Zep An Australian called Frank Fryer went to France during the First World War to drive an ambulance. He and his friend, a nurse called Ethel Ubsdell, wanted to help the wounded. One day after an air raid, they discovered a very frightened dog. They managed to coax him into the ambulance and from then on he became their constant companion. They named him Zep after the zeppelin* airships that floated overhead. He visited patients in the hospital with Sister Ubsdell, and liked to ride up on the front seat of the ambulance as they went about helping the injured. Ethel decided Zep should have a permit to allow him to travel legally in military zones, just as the humans did. She listed his special characteristics and stamped it with his paw print. After the war, Frank and Ethel married, and returned to Australia. Zep had to be left behind, but it is said he was found a good home. Things to do... 1 Have a talk with your friends about this idea: Animals are heroes in wartime. Use examples from the stories you have read. 2 Listen to a recording of Carnival of the Animals by Saint-Saens, or Peter and the Wolf by Prokofiev. These composers have written pieces of music representing different animals. Can you identify the animals in the music? 3 Choose one of the stories in this book. Turn it into a play and perform it with your friends. Maybe you could make animal masks for the characters. 4. Find out the origin of origami paper cranes. How are they linked with peace? Try folding some. 49 War Vietnam War Gulf War East Timor Afganistan Iraq Solomon Islands
  37 How much do you know? Test your knowledge of animals in wartime by completing this crossword. The letter and page number at the end of each clue will help you find the answers. ACROSS 1. A single-humped camel. (C p6) 5. Where the soldiers dug in and fought from in the First World War. (O p30) 7. A disease dogs can catch. (V p44) 11. Australian Light Horse soldiers used feathers from this bird in their slouch hats. (U p42) 12. Horrie was smuggled home to Australia in this. (Q p34) 13. What happened to Red Lead, the ship s cat, on board HMAS Perth? Was she rescued, did she escape or was she drowned? (N p26) 14. A pest living in the trenches during the First World War. (Y p48) 18. A tubular German airship. (Z p49) 19. Soldiers in the jungle can catch this disease from mosquitoes. (I p18) 20. The Australian city which was heavily bombed in the Second World War, with many lives lost. (L p22) 22. When Australian nurses were held as prisoners of war, what toy did they place on the top of a flag pole to remind them of home? (K p20) 24. The Second World War mascot that ate anything! (M p24) 25. Food supplies for soldiers are called rations. Food for animals is called. (F p12) 26. The Australian navy uses dolphins to find underwater. (X p46) DOWN 2. An animal used by a military unit as its symbol. (A p2) 3. The Australian Light Horse captured this town in the desert in (H p16) ,000 horses were transported by to serve in the First World War. (W p45) 6. The Vietnam War took place in a jungle environment. True or false? (J p19) 8. Soldiers serving in the Solomon Islands are called. (S p38) 9. The most suitable animal to work in rough, hilly areas. (T p40) 10. Milo was a trained dog in Vietnam. (D p8) 15. Another word for persuasion in wartime. (P p32) 16. A place to remind people of a person or an animal that has died. (R p36) 17. The name of the medal given to animals that show bravery. (B p4) 21. Identity tags worn by soldiers. (E p10) 23. Donkeys were used to carry soldiers down the steep hills of Gallipoli. (G p14) 50
  38 ANSWERS 1. dromedary 2. mascot 3. Beersheba 4. ship 5. trench 6. true 7. rabies 8. peacekeepers 9. donkey 10. tracker 11. emu 12. backpack 13. drowned 14. rat 15. propaganda 16. memorial 17. Dickin 18. zeppelin 19. malaria 20. Darwin 21. dogtags 22. kangaroo 23. wounded 24. goat 25. fodder 26. mines
  39 What word is that? The words in this book followed by * are explained AIF: here. allied: Anzac: Anzac Day: armistice: artillery: batman: Australian Imperial Force. This large group of soldiers was formed for the first time at the outbreak of the First World War. They are known as the 1st AIF. Countries that join together, with a shared goal. For example, in the Second World War, Australia was part of the Allied forces, along with countries like Britain, France, and the United States of America. The word Anzac was originally an abbreviation for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The Anzacs first fought together on Gallipoli in Anzac Day is held every year on 25 April. This was the day that the Anzacs landed on Gallipoli in Turkey in It is now a national day of commemoration to remember all Australians who fought in wars, especially those who lost their lives. Services are held at dawn, the time of the original landing, at war memorials in many cities and towns in Australia and New Zealand. An armistice occurs when countries at war agree to stop fighting. The armistice at the end of the First World War occurred on 11 November It was at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. This day is now known as Remembrance Day. Large guns which fire explosive shells. They are usually transportable and are operated by a team of men. A personal assistant to an officer. Some of a batman s duties include delivering messages, looking after the officer s uniform and personal equipment, and acting as the officer s bodyguard in wartime. ARTV02497 battalion: An army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies. In the First World War, a battalion had approximately 1,000 soldiers, but today it has approximately 600. A battalion is usually commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel. bandolier: bayonet: brigade: burgomaster: cameleer: coat of arms: commemorative: A shoulder belt with pockets for carrying ammunition. A long, sharp knife that fits onto the end of a rifle and can be used as a weapon. A large group of soldiers made up of two to five battalions. The officer that commands a brigade is usually a Brigadier. The mayor of a town or city. A person who works with camels. An official symbol or badge. Australia s current coat of arms was granted by the King of England in It features a shield divided into six sections to represent the six states of Australia. Above the shield is a seven-pointed star, representing the six states and one territory in the nation. Two animals native to Australia, the kangaroo and emu, are holding up the shield. Behind it is a large branch of wattle, the national floral emblem. This describes a time, object or place that helps people remember past events with pride. 52 corps: Two or more divisions or a branch of the services. For example, the Armoured Corps or the Medical Corps.
  40 despatch rider: dysentery: enteric fever: evacuate: fauna: gangway: HMAS: indigenous: infantry: memorial: A motorcycle messenger A disorder of the digestive system which causes severe diarrhoea. This disease, also known as typhoid fever, causes very high fevers, vomiting and diarrhoea. It is caught by using contaminated water. To move people away from a dangerous place. Animal life of a particular region. A narrow bridge laid between ship and shore. Her (or His) Majesty s Australian Ship. Her/His refers to the Queen or King of England. Original inhabitants of a country or an area. Soldiers who are trained to fight on foot. They must be fit and strong. War memorials remember those who have served and died during wartime. ART93059 penny: A coin used in Australia from 1911 until puggaree: regiment: RAAF: sonar: squadron: technology: transparent: UN: veteran: waler: widow: zeppelin: The cloth band worn around the outside of a soldier s slouch hat. Two or more batteries form an artillery regiment. A number of battalions form an infantry regiment. For example, the Royal Australian Regiment, the Royal Victorian Regiment. The officer that commands a regiment is usually a colonel. Royal Australian Air Force These letters originally stood for the words sound navigation and ranging. Sonar is a system used by ships as a measuring instrument. A sound wave is sent out, and the time it takes for the echo pulse to return indicates the distance from the ship to the object. A unit of horses, aircraft, armoured vehicles, or warships. Using tools and machines to improve how things work. Able to be seen through. The United Nations is an international organisation which promotes peace and security. A war veteran is someone who has served with the armed forces in wartime. Horses originally bred in New South Wales and transported overseas in the 1880s, and during the First and Second World Wars. A woman whose husband has died. A large, rigid, cylindrical airship designed by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin from Germany in the early part of the 20th century. They were used by the German army in the First World War as bombers and scouts. Zeppelins were filled with hydrogen or helium gas to make them fly. ART
  41 Want to know more? 54 BOOKS: Fiction Lofty s Mission by Krista Bell The Animal s War: Animals in Wartime from the First World War to the Recent Day by Juliet Gardiner Simpson and his Donkey by Mark Greenwood and Norman Jorgensen The Silver Donkey by Sonya Hartnett In Flanders Fields by Brian Harrison-Lever The Cats in Krasinski Square by Karen Hesse and Wendy Watson Animal Heroes by Anthony Hill Simpson and Duffy by Mary Small and Ester Kasepuu War Horse by Michael Morpurgo Only a Donkey by Patricia Mullins and Celeste Walters BOOKS: Non-Fiction Animals in War by Jilly Cooper Not Only a Hero by Tom Curran Walers Go to War by Vashti Farrer Animals at War Usbourne Young Reader by Isabel George and Rob Lloyd Jones The Legend of the Light Horse by Ian Jones Feathered Soldiers by Mary Small and Vashti Farrer FILM Valiant, the Pigeon. Released 2005, Walt Disney Pictures What do you call a cat that has swallowed a duck? A duck filled fatty puss! WEBSITES 1. Australian War Memorial Follow the links to the A is for Animals special exhibition notes and activities. 2. Australian War Memorial Encyclopaedia Search for horses, dogs, pigeons and the Dickin Medal. 3. The Imperial War Museum An exhibition: The Animals War Search for information about animals in war from an exhibition. Downloadable worksheets, a quiz, and activities. 4. Canadian Department of Veterans Affairs vw_edres/animalswar_news Search for worksheets and information about animals in war. 5. RSPCA Memorial to Animals in War 6. Animals at War Search for Dogs of War, soldiers pets, dogs and wildlife in the trenches, horses and elephants. 7. Military dogs Search for information on working dogs used in wartime. 8. Great War animal photographs 9. History Learning Site Search for information about horses, dogs, and pigeons in the First World War. 10. Teaching notes for Animal Heroes by Anthony Hill Search for background to the stories in the book. 11. National Archives of Australia Search for further information on the story of Horrie. 12. Army working dogs Search for information about the history of Army working dogs. 13. Animals in War Memorial Fund Search for information about animals who served with British Forces. 14. The Light Horse Association Search for information about the equipment, role, and care of the Light Horse. 15. Pigeons in wars _word_wars Search for further information about pigeons used in war. 16. First World War children s picture book _Do_Their_Bit/Animals_Do_Their_Bit_01.htm 17. Paper cranes and peace 18. How to fold an origami paper crane /~aidan/origami/crane/
  42 Photographs and works of art in this book. The Australian War Memorial has a large collection of photographs and works of art. Each one is numbered. Find out more information about each image used in this book at: In the search box, type in the number listed below, then press search. Images listed as being from a private collection cannot be found in the Memorial s collection. Included below are the answers to the questions you have found in this book. Page 1 Introduction ARTC00062 James F Scott, Some of the birds of the AIF A04862 rank and file and others (1918, pen First World War, This group of soldiers and black ink on card and backing paper, 36.6 from the 7th Australian Light Horse were the last x 25.2 cm). The birds include an eagle, owl, men to leave Gallipoli when it was evacuated in myna, parrot, magpie, kookaburra, cockatoo, December, budgerigar, crane, waterhen, lyrebird, swan, heron, emu, duck, pelican, and flamingo. Second World War Alexandria, Men of RELAWM08024 the 9th Divison after leaving Tobruk in North After First World War, Australia, Africa. Cocky the cockatoo Second World War, New Guinea, Stinker Second World War, Papua, the dog on board the troopship Cape Alexander. Iorobaiwa Joe the parrot. HOB/56/0628/MC Malaysian confrontation, Perak, Inspection Page 6 7 C is for camel of Support Company, 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. This dog mascot is sitting to attention but facing the wrong way. Second World War, Australia, Camel teams operated by indigenous Australians took supplies to outlying military camps in Page 2 3 A is for animals Northern Australia. EO2427 P First World War, France, The soldiers First World War, Middle East, Australians nicknamed this group of animals The Royal of the Imperial Camel Corps on the sand hills. Family. A05410 RC06471 First World War, Egypt, Four sisters from First World War, France, A postcard the Australian Army Nursing Service pose on featuring some good luck symbols: a black cat camels in front of the Sphinx and pyramids. and a horse shoe. A03584B First World War, Australia, date unknown. Second World War, Australia, These men are training at a Camel Corps camp. Nurses with their cat mascot. P ART02837 First World War, Middle East, George Lambert, A favourite charger with Corporal Albert Holland and his camel. groom, Anzac Mounted Division (1919 oil on canvas on wood panel, 35.6 x 46.2 cm) REL24330 Second World War, Egypt, Maxine s red leather camel. Second World War, New Guinea, A messenger pigeon carrying important information is released. Page 8 9 D is for dog REL25363 P United Nations Peacekeeping, Morocco,1990. First World War, Gallipoli, These two Kangaroo symbol on a uniform armband. dogs have been harnessed to a cart, loaded with a machine-gun and ammunition ADF _057 East Timor, Kaja the RAAF military E02318 working dog with his handler, Ben Geurts. First World War, France, Corporal James Coull with Nell, Trick, and Bullet. Smells, food, FOD/71/0563/VN other dogs, or humans could distract a dog. Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Tracker dogs and their handlers Second World War, Australia, A puppy REL35113 being cleaned up for the visit of General Peacekeeping, Somalia, A cartoon rat MacArthur, Commander in Chief of Allied on a uniform cloth badge worn by sailors on forces in Australia. HMAS Tobruk Second World War, New Guinea, Second World War, Australia, Sister Moxham with Rinte. Cameleers transporting supplies. COL/67/0906/VN Vietnam War, Vietnam, This strange Second World War, Palestine, spotted dog looks more like a leopard. Soldiers with their transport donkey. COM/68/1046/VN Vietnam War, Vietnam, Private Bob Page 4 5 B is for bird Hunter and Milo. RELAWM Second World War, The aluminium ring Second World War, Syria, Horrie standing around the pigeon s leg carries his service on a fuel can wearing his corporal s coat. number, 139:D/D:43:T. RELAWM32386 H09572 Second World War, Palestine, First World War, France, A carrier Horrie s coat. pigeon being released from a British tank. P RELAWM04398 Second World War, Imshi. First World War, Wicker basket for two birds. RELAWM Second World War, United Kingdom, The Dickin medal. Page10 11 E is for equipment RELAWM04098 First World War, Germany, German army messenger dog s gas mask. MAY/67/0231/NC Vietnam War, Vietnam, Caesar on parade Second World War, New Guinea, Message capsule to be attached to a pigeon s leg Second World War, A fold-up pigeon basket Second World War, New Guinea, Pigeon lofts. REL35028 Vietnam War, Vietnam, Caesar s dog tag. RELAWM11744 First World War, France, Spot s dog collar. H06801 First World War, Egypt, These pigeon lofts were made from clay bricks. REL31912 This is the 1912 British Universal Pattern leather saddle used by soldiers of the Light Horse Second World War, Australia, Saddlers at work. P First World War, Middle East, The rider is asleep in the shade provided by the horse s shadow. Page F is for food Post Second World War, Japan, Rabbits bred for food at a British Commonwealth Occupation Force farm. RC02563 First World War. Beef rations. RC02041 First World War. Rabbit rations. C02564 First World War. Sardine rations. RC06656 First World War. Salmon rations. C03075 First World War. Corned beef rations. ART02555 C. H. Gould, Extracts from Intelligence report:- Yesterday two of our pigeons failed to return (3 January 1917, pencil, pen and ink on paper, 17.4 x 24.4cm). These soldiers are roasting pigeons for dinner Second World War, Rabaul, A shipment of sheep bound for New Guinea. There are more than Second World War, New Guinea, A fish caught on a native spear. B01445 First World War, Palestine, Light Horse fodder dump. 40,000 bales of hay would feed 10,000 horses for a month. REL First World War, Canvas nosebag for horse feed Second World War, Pigeon feeding time. 55
  43 56 Page G is for Gallipoli donkeys Page 19 J is for jungle Second World War, Africa, Smiler the G00914 BEL/69/0488/VN monkey with an Australian serviceman. First World War, Turkey, This is the rough, hilly terrain the Anzacs discovered on the Gallipoli Vietnam War, Nui Dat, This monkey REL/03824 peninsula when they arrived. mascot was bought by engineers of the 1st First World War, The medical kit carried Field Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers. by 4th Light Horse Field Ambulance. REL25365 The RSPCA Purple Cross awarded to Murphy SKE/67/1139/VN VN/67/0132/19 the donkey. Vietnam War, Justin the tracker dog gets Vietnam War, Vietnam, Dogs and their a cool-down after being on patrol in the jungle. handlers in the jungle. RELAWM First World War, Private Simpson s identity CAM/67/0302/VN disk. Vietnam War, Nui Dat, This king cobra Page M is for mascots and mates is around three and half metres long. P ERR/68/0849/VN United Kingdom, date unknown. John Simpson REL Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Denton the as a young boy. Second World War, New Guinea, Dynamic Duckling, mascot of the 1st Troop of A serviette ring made from butterfly wings C Squadron. J06392 and clear plastic wrapping plaited together. First World War, Gallipoli, Private Simpson with his donkey and a patient. REL/ Second World War, New Guinea, Second World War, New Guinea, A belt Sister Wallace with Peter Fox. P made from butterfly wings and clear plastic First World War, Western Australia, wrapping plaited together Members of the 3rd Field Ambulance, Australian Second World War, Papua, Tilly the Medical Corps, before leaving for Gallipoli. OG0244 mascot of Australian anti-aircraft gunners, with Second World War, New Guinea, soldiers. REL/2166 The jungle is home to many exotic butterflies. First World War, Australia, Colonel Sutton s H19084 Red Cross armband worn by Murphy the donkey. First World War, England. Jimony the pet kangaroo with the brass band at an Australian P Page K is for kangaroo Hospital. First World War, Gallipoli, Private Richard C02588 Henderson of New Zealand worked with the First World War, Egypt, A soldier plays with donkeys to rescue the wounded. Second World War, Queensland, Zog the the regimental mascot at Mena Camp in Egypt. marsupial possum with Corporal Byng. RELAWM Page H is for horse Second World War, Netherlands East Indies, Second World War, Libya, Corporal B Josephine the kangaroo. Buzz, the mascot of No. 3 RAAF Squadron. First World War, Palestine, Horses tethered H by head and heel ropes on the picket lines in First World War, England. An Australian nurse Second World War, Palestine, Captain camp. feeds Jimony, the pet kangaroo. Michelson with Tim the turtle, mascot of the B01619 C /2nd Battalion. First World War, Jerusalem, An Australian First World War, England, Soldiers Light Horse regiment on the move. recuperating in an English hospital built a snow Second World War, Northern Australia, P kangaroo. RAAF mascot Min. First World War, Egypt, Men camped REL in bell tents close to their horses. First World War, Corporal John Maher s Second World War, Australia, A cat ART03580 [detail] canvas kitbag. called Aircrew, mascot of the RAAF Flying Henry Woollcott, Typical Light Horse. (1919, REL35851 Training School. oil on canvas on cardboard, 53.5 x 42.8 cm) Australia, RAAF uniform patch. Snoopy E01054 rides on the kangaroo. Page N is for navy cats First World War, Belgium, Six horses and OL seven men try to pull this wagon from a muddy Second World War, Australia, A carved ditch in Ypres. wooden kangaroo. First World War. The mascot of HMAS Encounter in the muzzle of a large ship s gun. P First World War, Australia, Trooper Ernest Second World War, Australia, This German P Stanley Impey, 9th Light Horse Regiment, 1st soldier was an Australian prisoner of war. First World War, Soldiers and nurses on AIF, wearing full uniform and kit, mounted on his He made friends with the camp pet. board the troopship Demosthenes, bound for horse. England. J01714 HIN/65/0103/VN First World War, Egypt, Patients in an Vietnam, An M113 armoured patrol Australian hospital with their nurse and her koala. Second World War, HMAS Sydney s carrier of the 4/19th Prince of Wale s Light mascots, Shrapnel the dog and Salvo the cat. Horse Regiment Second World War, Australia, Soldiers on the wharf in Sydney, boarding a ship bound for Second World War, Some of HMAS Page 18 I is for insect the Middle East. Perth crew FAI/70/0231/VN ART26927 [detail] Second World War, Australia, Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Jim Blundell Dennis Adams, HMAS Perth (1942, oil on Fly protection for soldiers in the north-west of 6RAR with a toy koala tied to his field radio as canvas, 50.4 x 61.2 cm) of Australia. a reminder of home. REL Vietnam War, HMAS Brisbane mascot Second World War, Egypt, A soldier with Felix the Cat. Page L is for lifesaver Courtesy of Felix the Cat Creations, Inc. All rights are reserved & 2009 FTCP, Inc. the 9th Australian Division near El Alamein, swatting flies. AWMP REL First World War, France, Driver Walter Recent conflicts, HMAS Darwin, Second World War, Australia, Sister Cliff Henry Farrell with Jackie the guard rooster. The ship s cat named URDEF. discovered this praying mantis hiding in the SUK15152 REL31689 Christmas decorations in the hospital ward. Second World War, England, RAAF pilot First World War, Australia, A lucky black REL32656 Vic Hodgkinson with a carrier pigeon. cat bookmark. Second World War, Australia, This early AWM form of mosquito repellent had a very strong Second World War, Darwin, Gunner the smell, and could give away a soldier s position kelpie. Page MAP to the enemy. P OG2870 P First Word War, Palestine, Sergeant Second World War, Borneo, Flying UN Peacekeeping, Rwanda, These Spencer Gwynne of the 10th Light Horse Officer E. Harvey with his mascot, a monkey. Australian soldiers are dipping their entire Regiment with his horse. H00711 uniform in a tub of insect repellent. J02884 First World War, Palestine, A cacolet First World War, Egypt, Wounded or sick fitted with sand runners and harnessed to a men ready to be transported in cacolets on camel for transport of wounded soldiers in camels. It was a rough ride for the patients. desert areas.
  44 Page O is for overseas operations E00164 First World War, France, A horse drawn General Service wagon moving through heavy snow. E00384 First World War, France, Soldiers on horseback pass through the wreckage in the Rue de Peronne. J02650A First World War, Egypt. The oasis Hod-el-fatia used by the Australian Light Horse for water and concealment. A05401 First World War, Gallipoli, Soldiers in trenches. P Second World War, Libya, A soldier with his dog. REL/07695 Second World War, Libya, Rat of Tobruk medal Second World War, New Guinea, Australian soldiers with locals on jungle patrol. E01198 First World War, Belgium, Two signallers with baskets of carrier pigeons Second World War, Australia, The third anniversary beach carnival of a field regiment in Darwin. Image from private collection. Afghanistan, A modern soldier with his dog, both dressed in protective gear. Page P is for persuasion ARTV02497 R. Malcolm Warner, Those who talk don t know..., (1943, lithograph, 50.1 x 38.0 cm). Giving away information could risk an attack. ARTV05245 Artist unknown, There s deadly danger in that bite! (c , offset lithograph on paper, 55.0 x 35.0 cm). A British poster warns against the danger of malaria. ARTV06107 G. Douanne, Soignons la basse-cour [Let us look after the farmyard] (1917, lithograph printed on two sheets, 55.2 x 36.2 cm). Poster drawn by a French school child. ARTV04340 Unknown, How she ll prize your letters from overseas (1943, photolithograph on cardboard, 36.5 x 23.7 cm) A recruitment poster. ARTV00150 P.S. Templeton, Assisting Queensland s patriotic day. (1915, lithograph on cardboard, 22.8 x 29.8 cm). A recruitment poster using a kangaroo to represent Australia. The red fez represents Turkey. Page Q is for quarantine RELAWM32387 Second World War, Jim s backpack, used to transport Horrie back home Second World War, Palestine, Horrie in his travel pack. FOD/71/0566/VN Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Tracker dog Marcian meets his new family in Saigon. LES/69/0870/VN Vietnam War, South Vietnam, Army tracker dog Justin receives a hug from Helen Porter. UK2489 Second World War, A pigeon returned for display at the Australian War Memorial. Image from private collection Afghanistan, Handler Zeke Smith with Flo Jo. ART02837 George Lambert, A favourite charger with groom, Anzac Mounted Division. (1919, oil on canvas on wood panel, 35.6 x 46.2 cm) Trooper George Shelton Lambert with his horse in the desert. Page R is for remember P Australia, First World War Light Horse veterans in an Anzac Day march in Melbourne Australia, Frank Fayer, a First World War soldier. ART40993 Peter Corlett, Simpson and his donkey, ( , bronze, x x cm) ART Unknown, Menin Gate lion ( , granite,150.0 x x 59.0 cm) Stone lions at the entrance of the Australian War Memorial. ART93064 [detail] Leslie Bowles, Koala ( , sandstone (Wondabyne) 30.0 x 30.0 x 18.0 cm) ART93046 [detail] Leslie Bowles, Mopoke ( , sandstone (Wondabyne) 30.0 x 30.0 x 18.0 cm) ART93049 [detail] Leslie Bowles, Frog ( , sandstone (Wondabyne) 30.0 x 30.0 x 18.0 cm) ART93059 [detail] Leslie Bowles, Frilled neck lizard ( , sandstone (Wondabyne) 30.0 x 30.0 x 18.0 cm) ART93063 [detail] Leslie Bowles, Platypus ( , sandstone (Wondabyne) 30.0 x 30.0 x 18.0 cm) XS0142 Canberra, ACT, Mr Swan, a sculptor, carves one of the animals out of stone. RELAWM00300 Australia, The head of Sandy the horse. Page S is for symbol REL25996 Australia, 1950s. Uniform cloth badge for Northern Territory Command. REL25992 Australia, 1950s. Uniform cloth badge for Central Command, South Australia. REL26003 Australia, 1950s. Uniform cloth badge for 1st Armoured Brigade, NSW. REL25995 Australia, 1950s. Uniform cloth badge for Tasmania Command. REL25994 Australia, 1950s. Uniform cloth badge for Western Command, Western Australia. OG2414 Second World War, Netherlands East Indies, No. 457 Spitfire Squadron adopted the fierce nose and jaws of the grey nurse shark as its symbol, and called themselves the Grey Nurse squadron. UK2252 Second World War, England, This Lancaster bomber, X for X-ray, shows a fighting kangaroo on its nose. The 17 miniature kangaroos behind it indicate how many operations it has flown. NEA0328 Second World War, Australia, The chicken is hatching from a bomb shaped egg on the nose of this flying boat. REL38808 Joint Taskforce, Iraq, This embroidered arm badge was worn by members of the 2nd Battalion Royal Australian Regiment (2RAR) during its service in Iraq. REL Peacekeeping, Solomon Islands, The dove is traditionally associated with peace. Soldiers from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and Vanuatu wore these brightly coloured hats to be easily identified. REL Second World War, Borneo, A soldier made this badge by cutting and drilling out a penny. REL35112 Peacekeeping UN operations, Somalia, A uniform badge worn by members of Royal Australian Navy 817 Squadron. They had an important role searching for enemy submarines. The shark has one in its mouth. Page T is for transport B01618 First World War, Palestine, A soldier on his donkey gazing across the plains. E00952 First World War, France, Mule transport with the 3rd Division near Zonnebeke, Ypres Second World War, Greece, Conditions in the Greek mountains made the use of trucks and cars difficult. Mules and donkeys were in demand and widely used Second World War, Syria, Mules carrying ammunition and mortars. A01616 First World War, Egypt. Stores arriving by ship and transported to shore on barges. P First World War, Egypt, Four camel ambulances attached to the Imperial Camel Corp. They are flying the Red Cross flag. B00449 First World War, Palestine. A four-horse team pulls the ambulance wagon. P First World War, Egypt, A horse in a sling being unloaded from a troopship. Page U is for uniform RELAWM United Kingdom, Cavalry helmet with scarlet yak-hair plume. REL/ United Kingdom, Feather bonnet of the Victorian Scottish Regiment contains black ostrich feathers, a white vulture plume, black silk ribbons (silkworms), a red and white woollen band around the base (sheep), and a leather sweat-band on the inside (sheep hide). REL/ United Kingdom, Victorian Colonial Military Force hat with swan s plume. REL Iraq, Slouch hat worn by Australian Lieutenant Colonel Noble of the Al Muthanna Task Group, Iraq. P First World War, Australia, Trooper Harry Bunyan of 12th Light Horse Regiment. These animals have been used for his uniform: rooster plume in hat, rabbit fur felt hat, sheep s wool tunic, cowhide leather ammunition bandolier and belt. DA08338 First World War, Australia, Private Murrell, 22nd Battalion, wearing a possum-skin coat. REL/ United Kingdom, Officer s full dress tunic belonging to General Sir Harry Chauvel. He has seven campaign medals and six orders. REL/04696 Boer War, Slouch hat worn by Lieutenant J. B. N. Osborne of the 1st Australian Horse. P Post First World War, Dog mascot from HMAS Swordsman. 57
  45 Page 44 V is for vet Second World War, Australia, Sergeant Roach, a veterinary surgeon filing the teeth of a horse. MELJ0792 Korean War, Korea, Anti-rabies injections for dogs. ART03313 H. Septimus Power. Evacuation of wounded horses in the battle line (1917, watercolour, charcoal, pencil on paper, 37.7 x 53.5 cm) Image from private collection Peacekeeping, Afghanistan, Australian soldier Zeke Smith and American vet staff standing behind Flo Jo in the vet clinic. Page 45 W is for welfare H09585 First World War, France, A gas proof pigeon box Second World War, Australia, Pigeons resting loft. C01715 First World War, at sea, A soldier waters the horses on board HMAT Wiltshire Second World War. Ship s cat on board HMAS Kanimbla. Page X is in explosives Image from private collection. Afghanistan, Handler Zeke Smith and EDD Flo Jo on patrol in the desert. P East Timor, Elmo gets hoisted aboard a helicopter with his RAAF handler Steven Pratt. P Afghanistan, Handler Adam Exelby with Kylie. P Afghanistan, Merlin checks items at a local market with his handler Peter Lawlis ADF _057 East Timor, Kaja smiles for the camera with his handler Ben Geurts. Page 48 Y is for yap Second World War, Australia, Camp mascots at No. 1 Tatura Internment Camp, Whacko the parrot and Cobber the dog. P First World War, Gallipoli, On Gallipoli, chats was the nickname for small lice-like creatures that invaded soldiers uniforms Second World War, Australia, Members of the Australian Women s Land Army practised their milking techniques on papier mache cows at the training farm. RELAWM09411 Post First World War, Australia, Driver the dog. Page 49 Z is for zoo P First World War, France, Frank Fryer and two of his assistants with their ambulance. PR86/342 First World War, France, Zep s passport and ID. Page What word is that? A04862 First World War, This group of soldiers from the 7th Australian Light Horse were the last men to leave Gallipoli when it was evacuated in December, ARTV02497 R. Malcolm Warner, Those who talk don t know..., (1943, lithograph, 50.1 x 38.0 cm). A security poster reminds people about the dangers of loose talk during war. REL24330 Second World War, Egypt, Maxine s red leather camel. A03584B First World War, Australia, date unknown. These men are training at a Camel Corps camp. REL25994 Australia, 1950 s. Uniform cloth badge for Western Command, Western Australia. ART93059 [detail] Leslie Bowles, Frilled neck lizard ( , sandstone (Wondabyne) 30.0 x 30.0 x 18.0 cm) REL35113 Peacekeeping, Somalia, A cartoon rat on a uniform cloth badge worn by sailors on HMAS Tobruk. REL Iraq, Slouch hat worn by Australian Lieutenant Colonel Noble of the Al Muthanna Task Group, Iraq. P First World War, Egypt, Four camel ambulances attached to the Imperial Camel Corp. ART02837 George Lambert, A favourite charger with groom, Anzac Mounted Division. (1919, oil on canvas on wood panel, 35.6 x 46.2 cm) Trooper George Shelton Lambert with his horse in the desert. Page 54 Want to know more? COL/67/0316/VN Vietnam War, Nui Dat, The tiger pig mascot for the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. Front cover E02427 First World War, France, Cooks of B Company, 27th Battalion, with their pets known as The Royal Family Second World War, Papua, Iorobaiwa Joe the parrot. RELAWM30212 Second World War, Netherlands East Indies, Josephine the kangaroo RELAWM04398 First World War, Wicker pigeon basket. REL/ Boer War, West Australia, West Australian Military Forces cap badge. Inside front cover REL24330 Second World War, Egypt, Maxine s red leather camel. Inside back cover PAIU2008/12.04 Australia, Ducklings hatched in the hedges surrounding the Pool of Reflection at the Australian War Memorial. Back cover Second World War, Private George McCullough with Butch. RELAWM30785 Second World War, Australia, Army carrier pigeon No. 139:D/D:43:T ART02837 George Lambert, A favourite charger with groom, Anzac Mounted Division. (1919, oil on canvas on wood panel, 35.6 x 46.2 cm) Second World War, New Guinea, Sister Moxham with Rinte. 58
  46 Without the service of animals many more Australians would have lost their lives during wartime. Australian War Memorial, Thank you to all my mates for their stories.
  47 RART02837
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