text: Please read the following materials carefully:
  King, Sections 13.1-13.6, pages 277-300.
  This lab assumes that you have access to a C programming language reference, particularly for the C string function library. If you do not have a published reference in paper form, you might consider the following on-line reference:
  C provides two equivalent approaches for reading individual characters.
  char ch; ch = getchar();
  char ch; scanf ("%c", &ch);
  When reading character data with either getchar or %c with scanf, the first character is read and recorded; that is, the process of reading a character does NOT skip over white space.
  C also provides at least three approaches for reading strings of characters. Each function has its own special characteristics.
  char str[10]; /* allow room for 10 characters, including the null */ scanf ("%s", str); /* since str is an array, the variable represents a base address and no ampersand & is added */
  char str[10]; gets (str);
  char str[10]; /* stdin is the C variable for "standard input" */ fgets (str, 10, stdin); /* up to 9 characters are read from the terminal, leaving room for a null character at the end */
  As with reading character data , stored input starts immediately with the first character read; the process of reading a string does NOT skip over white space.
  Warning: Both scanf and gets read characters (until white space or the end of a line), without regard for the size of the string array. If more characters are read than fit in the array, the characters may overflow to fill data stored in other variables. Thus, only fgets can be considered "safe".
  The following example shows that char is considered to be a type of integer, and integer arithmetic may be performed on their values.
  #include <stdio.h> int main() { char ch; for (ch = 'A'; ch < 127; ch++) { printf("Character: %c", ch); printf("\t ASCII: %d \n", ch); } return 0; }
  The following example illustrates that some characters represent actions rather than just printing a symbol.
  #include <stdio.h> int main() { char ringBell = '\a'; char tab = '\t'; char backspace = '\b'; char ch; printf("Now hit the Enter key. \n"); ch = getchar(); /* wait for the user to enter something */ printf("Beep %c \n", ringBell); printf("Now hit the Enter key. \n"); ch = getchar(); /* wait for the user to enter something */ printf("These %c words %c have %c tabs %c between %c them.\n", tab, tab, tab, tab, tab); printf("Now hit the Enter key. \n"); ch = getchar(); /* wait for the user to enter something */ printf("Can you read the word: hockey? %c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c \n", backspace, backspace, backspace, backspace, backspace, backspace, backspace, backspace ); return 0; }
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