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Diglyme is a polyether that is the dimethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol. It has a role as a solvent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is functionally related to a diethylene glycol. | 松三糖（Melezitose）為一種非還原三糖，可從數種樹的汁液中被萃取出來，如落葉松或是黃杉。松三糖可以部份被水解成葡萄糖和松二糖。（松二糖為蔗糖的同分異構體）
配合其他的生化檢驗方式，藉由是否利用松三糖，可辨認Klebsiella和Raoultella兩種不同屬的細菌。 | 0 |
Porphobilinogen is a dicarboxylic acid that is pyrole bearing aminomethyl, carboxymethyl and 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of pyrroles, a dicarboxylic acid and an aralkylamino compound. It is a conjugate acid of a porphobilinogen(1-). | 胱氨酸（Cystine），学名“二(β-硫-α-氨基丙酸)”，是两分子半胱氨酸经氧化得到的氨基酸，是一种含硫氨基酸，属于二硫化物类。 | 0 |
Anabasine is a pyridine and piperidine alkaloid found in the tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) plant, as well as in tree tobacco's close relative the common tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). It is a structural isomer of, and chemically similar to, nicotine. Its principal (historical) industrial use is as an insecticide.
Anabasine is present in trace amounts in tobacco smoke, and can be used as an indicator of a person's exposure to tobacco smoke. | 精氨酸（英語：arginine，縮寫 Arg，符號 R），是一種α-胺基酸，亦是20種普遍的自然胺基酸之一。在分子遺傳學上，信使核糖核酸的結構，CGU，CGC，CGA，CGG，AGA和AGG。是在蛋白質合成時核苷酸鹼基或遺傳密碼子代碼為精氨酸的三元組。在哺乳動物生活中，精氨酸被分類為非必須胺基酸，身體能自行產生，但在壓力或疾病的時候，可能需要更多。也視乎生物的發育階段及健康狀況而定。早產兒體內不能合成精氨酸，使得補充他們營養中的精氨酸變得非常重要。精氨酸於西元1886年首先由瑞士化學家恩斯特·舒爾茨從扁豆苗萃取物中分離出來。 | 0 |
Monobenzyl phthalate is a natural product found in Nicotiana tabacum with data available. | 邻苯二甲酸单苄酯（英語：Monobenzyl phthalate，缩写MBzP，IUPAC名为2-苯甲氧基羰基苯甲酸，2-phenylmethoxycarbonylbenzoic acid）是一种结构简式为C6H5CH2OOCC6H4COOH的有机化合物。MBzP为邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯在人体内的主要初级代谢产物，多于另一种水解产物邻苯二甲酸单丁酯 (MBP)。和其它许多邻苯二甲酸酯一样，MBzP也是一种内分泌干扰物。 | 1 |
Calcium hypochlorite is a calcium salt and an inorganic calcium salt. It has a role as a bleaching agent. It contains a hypochlorite. | 丙酮肟是一种有机化合物，是最简的酮肟。其化学式为(CH3)2CNOH，外观为白色晶状固体，可溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、轻石油，常用于有机合成。
丙酮肟最早在1882年由德国化学家维克托·梅耶及其学生制成并命名。 | 0 |
Estrone is a 17-oxo steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by an hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It has a role as an estrogen, a bone density conservation agent, an antineoplastic agent, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid, a phenolic steroid, a member of phenols and a 17-oxo steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane. | 荧烷（英語：Fluoran）是一种有机化物，属三苯甲烷类染料。化学式为C20H12O3，为针状晶体，不溶于水,溶于乙醇、浓硫酸。其分子为所有荧烷类染料的核心结构，这些领域在众多领域都有运用。比如其衍生物伊红是一种生物学中常用的染料，其衍生物黑色305染料在纺织、塑料、皮革、油墨等行业中有着广泛运用，特别是在热敏纸中有着重要作用。荧烷可由3,3-二(2-甲氧基苯基)苯酞和浓盐酸共热可得到。 | 0 |
Acridine orange free base is a member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination. It has a role as a fluorochrome and a histological dye. It is a member of aminoacridines, an aromatic amine and a tertiary amino compound. | 甲胺是一种有机化合物，化学式CH3NH2，它是氨中的一个氢被甲基取代后所形成的衍生物。甲胺是最简单的伯胺。市售品一般是其甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃或水溶液，或作为无水气体在金属槽中加压储存。工业品常将无水气体加压后通过拖车运输。它有刺激的腥味。甲胺被用作合成很多其他化合物的原料，每年大约能生产上亿公斤。 | 0 |
Acetylene is a terminal acetylenic compound, a gas molecular entity and an alkyne. | 丁烷，又称正丁烷，是一种有机化合物，分子式为C4H10，结构式为CH3CH2CH2CH3。丁烷在常温常压下是一种无色、易液化、易燃的气体。它最早由英国化学家爱德华·弗兰克兰于1849年发现。 | 0 |
Chloroform is a one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It has a role as an inhalation anaesthetic, a non-polar solvent, a carcinogenic agent, a central nervous system drug and a refrigerant. It is a one-carbon compound and a member of chloromethanes. | 野尻霉素（英語：Nojirimycin）是一些链霉菌产生的5-氨基-5-脱氧-D-葡萄糖，为一种抗生素。形成吡喃环后，和葡萄吡喃糖相似，可以作为肠α-葡糖苷酶、胰α-淀粉酶，以及N-糖链加工中的α葡糖苷酶等的抑制剂。 | 0 |
6-Hydroxykynurenic acid is a constituent of ginkgo and an amino acid. It is a derivative of kynurenic acid and has similarly been found to antagonize AMPA and NMDA, as well as their corresponding receptors. | 6-羟基犬尿喹啉酸（英語：6-Hydroxykynurenic acid）是一种含氮杂环化合物，化学式为C10H7NO4，为犬尿喹啉酸（一种氨基酸代谢产物）的衍生物，存在于银杏中，能作为AMPA和NMDA的受体拮抗剂。 | 1 |
Fenbendazole is a member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections. It has a role as an antinematodal drug. It is a member of benzimidazoles, a carbamate ester and an aryl sulfide. | 芬苯达唑（Fenbendazole）是一种用来对抗肠胃寄生虫的广谱苯并咪唑驱肠虫剂，其中包括贾第虫、蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、绦虫、蛲虫、圆线虫等，常用于羊、牛、马、鱼、狗、猫、兔子、海豹。 | 1 |
L-tryptophan is the L-enantiomer of tryptophan. It has a role as an antidepressant, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a tryptophan and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-tryptophanium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-tryptophanate. It is an enantiomer of a D-tryptophan. It is a tautomer of a L-tryptophan zwitterion. | 吡斯的明（英語：Pyridostigmine）是一种用于治疗重症肌无力和膀胱活动不足的药物。 它还与阿托品一起使用，以终止非去极化型神经肌肉阻滞药物的作用。它通常通过口服给药，但也可以通过注射使用。效果通常会在 45 分钟内开始，持续长达 6 小时。 | 0 |
Itaconic acid (also termed methylidenesuccinic acid and 2-methylidenebutanedioic acid) is a fatty acid containing five carbons (carbon notated as C), two of which are in carboxyl groups (notated as -CO2H) and two others which are double bonded together (i.e., C=C). (itaconic acid's chemical formula is C5H6O4, see adjacent figure and dicarboxylic acids). At the strongly acidic pH levels below 2, itaconic acid is electrically neutral because both of its carboxy residues are bound to hydrogen (notated as H); at the basic pH levels above 7, it is double negatively charged because both of its carboxy residues are not bound to H, i.e., CO2
(its chemical formula is C5H4O42-); and at acidic pH's between 2 and 7, it exists as a mixture with none, one, or both of its carboxy residues bound to hydrogen. In the cells and most fluids of living animals, which generally have pH levels above 7, itaconic acid exists almost exclusively in its double negatively charged form; this form of itaconic acid is termed itaconate. Itaconic acid and itaconate exist as cis and trans isomers (see cis–trans isomerism). Cis-itaconic acid and cis-itaconate isomers have two H's bound to one carbon and two residues (noted as R) bound to the other carbon in the double bound (i.e., H2C=CR2) whereas trans-itaconic acid and trans-itaconate have one H and one R residue bound to each carbon of the double bound. The adjacent figure shows the cis form of itaconic acid. Cis-aconitic acid spontaneously converts to its thermodynamically more stable (see chemical stability) isomer, trans-aconitic acid, at pH levels below 7. The medical literature commonly uses the terms itaconic acid and itaconate without identifying them as their cis isomers. This practice is used here, i.e., itaconic acid and itaconate refer to their cis isomers while the trans isomer of itaconate (which has been detected in fungi but not animals) is here termed trans-itaconate (trans-itaconic acid is not further mentioned here).
Animal cells make itaconate by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction from cis-aconitate (see aconitic acid), an intermediate metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, (i.e., TCA cycle). This cycle operates in the mitochondria of virtually all the cells of animals, plants, fungi, and some microorganisms. The itaconate-producing reaction is stimulated when cells undergo stressful conditions that suppress the TCA cycle's operation. Studies examining the actions of itaconate and/or itaconate-like compounds suggest that the itaconate formed in this reaction acts on its cell of origin and other cells to regulate the potentially deleterious inflammation responses caused by various microorganisms, viruses, autoimmune diseases, oxidative stress, and other types of tissue injury. They also suggest that it may inhibit the development and/or progression of certain cancers. Itaconate is also a bactericidal agent, i.e., an agent that acts directly on certain types of bacteria to inhibit their viability and/or disease-causing abilities.
In 1836, Samuel Baup discovered a previously unknown by-product in a distillate of citric acid; this by-product was later named itaconic acid. In the late 1920s, itaconic acid was isolated from a fungus in the Aspergillus genus of fungi and in the 1930s itaconate was shown to have bactericidal actions. During this time, itaconic acid proved to be useful for synthesizing a wide range of products required by agricultural, textile, and other industries. Since then, the use of itaconic acid for industrial and manufacturing purposes has grown. In 2011, Strelko et al. reported that itaconate was produced by two mammalian immortalized cell lines, cultured mouse VM-M3 brain tumor cells and RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages, and by macrophages isolated from mice. This group also showed that stimulation of mouse macrophages with the bacterial toxin, lipopolysaccharide (i.e., LPS, also termed endotoxin), increased their production and secretion of itaconate. In 2013, Michelucci et al. revealed the biosynthesis pathway that makes itaconate in mammals. These publications were followed by numerous others focused on the biology of itaconate and certain itaconate-like compounds as regulars of various cellular responses in animals and possibly humans.
The following section, titled "Biology of Itaconate," details preclinical studies that analyzed the effects of itaconate and itaconate-like compounds on human cells, animal cells, and animals used as models of specific diseases. These studies sought to a) define itaconate's physiological and pathological functions as well as its mechanisms of action in health and disease; b) define the actions and mechanisms of action of various itaconate-like compounds; and c) determine which actions of itaconate and itaconate-like compounds support conducting further studies to determine if it or they would be useful therapeutic agents in humans. The last section, titled "Commercial production and uses of itaconic acid," reports on the changing methods for making large amounts, and the many commercial uses, of itaconic acid. | 衣康酸（Itaconic acid）是一种五个碳的二羧酸。它是柠檬酸蒸馏时的三种产物之一，其他两个产物为柠康酸和中康酸。衣康(Itaconic)一词是乌头(aconitic)一词的易位构词。 | 1 |
Ethion is an organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7). It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an acaricide, an agrochemical, an insecticide and an environmental contaminant. | 丙炔（quē），又稱甲基乙炔，是一種炔烴，其結構簡式為CH3C≡CH。它是MAPP氣體（風焊氣體）的其中一種成分。 | 0 |
Sodium amide is an inorganic sodium salt composed of a sodium cation and an azanide anion. It is used as a strong base in organic synthesis. It has a role as a catalyst and a nucleophilic reagent. It contains an azanide. | 芘（bǐ）（英語：Pyrene）是一種四環多環芳香烃類，分子式为C16H10，分子量202.26。 | 0 |
Disulfiram is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties. It has a role as an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, a fungicide, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a ferroptosis inducer. It is an organic disulfide and an organosulfur acaricide. | 三甲基膦是一种有机磷化合物，化学式为P(CH3)3，或简写为PMe3。和其它烷基膦一样，它是具有强烈不愉快气味的化合物。它在配位化学中是一种常见的配体。 | 0 |
Dihydroxyacetone ( ; DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula C3H6O3.
DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin. | 雷洛昔芬（英語：Raloxifene）的商品名为易维特（Evista），是一种用于预防和治疗绝经后妇女和使用糖皮质激素的妇女的骨質疏鬆症的药物。对于骨质疏松症，它不如双磷酸盐类药物受欢迎。 它也被用于降低高危人群患乳腺癌的风险。它是口服的。 | 0 |
Lathosterol is a natural product found in Dictyuchus monosporus, Asterias amurensis, and other organisms with data available. | 依普拉酮（英語：Eprazinone，商品名有Eftapan、Isilung、Mucitux等）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式C24H32N2O2，是一种用于缓解支氣管痙攣药和祛痰药，在欧洲国家有售，但在英美未上市。 | 0 |
5-Ethyl-2-methylpyridine is a member of methylpyridines. | 氯乙酰氯是氯乙酸的酰氯衍生物，化学式为CH2ClCOCl。它是一种双官能团化合物，作为合成砌块（building block）使用。 | 0 |
Erythromycin A is an erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. It is an erythromycin and a cyclic ketone. It is functionally related to an erythronolide A. It is a conjugate base of an erythromycin A(1+). | 硝酸甘油（英語：nitroglycerin，NTG）又稱硝化甘油、硝酸甘油酯、三硝酸甘油酯等，化學式為C3H5N3O9，是甘油的三硝酸酯，为一种无色或微黄色的液体，在制药、军事和爆炸物行业具有广泛的应用。
1847年由都灵大学的化學家索布雷洛合成。常有人誤解「硝酸甘油」是瑞典化學家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾發明的，事實上諾貝爾發明的是在1866年利用硝酸甘油發展高穩定性、防誤爆的矽藻土炸藥。 | 0 |
Captopril is a L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. It has a role as an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor and an antihypertensive agent. It is a pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid, a N-acylpyrrolidine, an alkanethiol and a L-proline derivative. | 四氟化硒（SeF4）是一种无机化合物。它是一种可以和水反应的无色液体。它用于氟化醇、羧酸、羰基化合物。四氟化硒比四氟化硫可以更安全的氟化物质，因为后者是气体而四氟化硒是液体。 | 0 |
Liquiritigenin is a flavanone that was isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and is found in a variety of plants of the Glycyrrhiza genus, including Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). It is an estrogenic compound which acts as a selective agonist of the ERβ subtype of the estrogen receptor (ER), though it is also reported to act as an ERα partial agonist at sufficient concentrations. It also has a choleretic effect.
Liquiritigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, aryl migration) is an enzyme that uses liquiritigenin, O2, NADPH and H+ to produce 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone, H2O, and NADP+. | 甘草素（英語：Liquiritigenin）或译为甘草醇，是一种黄烷酮，从『甘草』（学名：Glycyrrhiza uralensis）中分离出来，在甘草属植物中广泛存在，包括『光果甘草』（学名：Glycyrrhiza glabra）。它是一种雌激素化合物，作为雌激素受体（ER）的ERβ亚型的选择性激动剂，尽管在足够高的浓度下据报导，也能作为ERα的部分激动剂。 它也具有利胆作用。 | 1 |
Bendazac is a monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. It has a role as a radical scavenger and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a member of indazoles and a monocarboxylic acid. | 苄达酸（英語：bendazolic acid或Bendazac）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式为C16H14N2O3，可作为非甾体抗炎药（NSAID），用于缓解关节与肌肉疼痛。 | 1 |
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde is a member of methoxybenzenes and a member of phenols. | 山萵苣素（Lactucin）是一種帶苦味的物質，呈白色結晶狀固體，屬於倍半萜內酯類。它發現在某一些品種的生菜當中，可提煉製造成山萵苣膏，具有镇痛药和鎮靜劑特性。
它可以用作腺甘酸受體的受體素。 | 0 |
Carbon suboxide, or tricarbon dioxide, is an organic, oxygen-containing chemical compound with formula C3O2 and structure OCO. Its four cumulative double bonds make it a cumulene. It is one of the stable members of the series of linear oxocarbons OO, which also includes carbon dioxide (CO2) and pentacarbon dioxide (C5O2). Although if carefully purified it can exist at room temperature in the dark without decomposing, it will polymerize under certain conditions.
The substance was discovered in 1873 by Benjamin Brodie by subjecting carbon monoxide to an electric current. He claimed that the product was part of a series of "oxycarbons" with formulas Cx+1Ox, namely C2O, C3O2, C4O3, C5O4, …, and to have identified the last two; however, only C3O2 is known. In 1891 Marcellin Berthelot observed that heating pure carbon monoxide at about 550 °C created small amounts of carbon dioxide but no trace of carbon, and assumed that a carbon-rich oxide was created instead, which he named "sub-oxide". He assumed it was the same product obtained by electric discharge and proposed the formula C2O. Otto Diels later stated that the more organic names dicarbonylmethane and dioxallene were also correct.
It is commonly described as an oily liquid or gas at room temperature with an extremely noxious odor. | 1873年，Brodie通过对一氧化碳放电，首次制得了二氧化三碳，Marcellin Berthelot創造了低氧化碳（carbon suboxide）這個名稱，而後來奥托·迪尔斯表示，如二羰基甲烷（dicarbonyl methane）與二氧代丙二烯（dioxallene）这些有機化学的名稱也是正確的。 | 1 |
Calcium arsenate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca3(AsO4)2. A colourless salt, it was originally used as a pesticide and as a germicide. It is highly soluble in water, in contrast to lead arsenate, which makes it more toxic. Two minerals are hydrates of calcium arsenate: rauenthalite Ca3(AsO4)2·10H2O and phaunouxite Ca3(AsO4)2·11H2O. A related mineral is ferrarisite (Ca5H2(AsO4)4·9H2O. | 三氯化氮，也称为三氯胺，是化学式为NCl3的化合物。这个黄色、油状、具有刺激性气味的液体，经常可以在氨的衍生物与氯的反应的副产物中见到。纯的NCl3是非常活泼的。把自来水用氯胺消毒，就会有少量三氯化氮产生。 | 0 |
Hexadecane is a straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component and a non-polar solvent. | 4-二甲氨基吡啶（DMAP）是一个吡啶衍生物，为无色至淡黄色晶体，是有机合成中应用很广的万能超亲核的酰化反应催化剂。 | 0 |
Ropivacaine (rINN) is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. The name ropivacaine refers to both the racemate and the marketed S-enantiomer. Ropivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the brand name Naropin. | 阿米雷司（英语：Aminorex），也叫氨苯𫫇唑啉，是一种减肥（厌食）兴奋剂药物。在被发现会引起肺动脉高压后，它被撤市了。在美国，它是一种非法的附表I药物，这意味着它有很高的滥用可能性，没有被接受的医疗用途，而且安全性很差。
阿米雷司属于2-氨基-5-芳基𫫇唑啉类，由麦克尼尔实验室于1962年开发。它与4-甲基阿米雷司密切相关。阿米雷司已被证明具有运动兴奋作用，介于右旋苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺之间。阿米雷司的作用归因于儿茶酚胺的释放。它可以作为左旋咪唑（一种驱虫药）的代谢产物生产，左旋咪唑有时被用作非法生产的可卡因的切割剂。 | 0 |
Pentachlorophenol is a chlorophenol that is phenol substituted by 5 chloro groups. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is an organochlorine pesticide, a member of pentachlorobenzenes, an aromatic fungicide and a chlorophenol. It is functionally related to a pentachlorobenzene. It is a conjugate acid of a pentachlorophenolate. | 茶碱乙酸的硅烷醇—甘露糖醛酸缀合物，乙酰茶碱甲基硅烷醇甘露糖醛酸酯（INCI；商品名Xantalgosil C），可作为脂解磷酸二酯酶抑制剂在市场上销售。它被用作药妆品的成分，用于治疗橘皮组织和用作皮肤调理剂。 | 0 |
Palladium(II) chloride is a palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms. It has a role as a catalyst. | 亚硝酸异丁酯是一种亚硝酸酯，化学式 C4H9NO2。 | 0 |
Dipyridamole is a pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. It has a role as an adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a vasodilator agent. It is a member of piperidines, a pyrimidopyrimidine, a tertiary amino compound and a tetrol. | 5-羟色氨酸（英語：5-Hydroxytryptophan，简称5-HTP），也叫欧西曲坦（INN：oxitriptan），是一种天然的氨基酸代谢中间产物，同时也是血清素与褪黑素的生物合成前体。
5-羟色氨酸作为给抑郁症、厌食症及失眠患者服用的膳食补充剂，在美国、英国和加拿大以非处方方式出售；同时也作为治疗重性抑郁障碍的药物在欧洲许多国家销售。几个安慰剂双盲临床试验已证明5-HTP有治疗抑郁症的效果，但缺乏极显著性，需要更进一步的临床对照研究。 | 0 |
3-methylthiopropanol is an alkyl sulfide that is propan-1-ol substituted by a methylsulfanyl group at position 3. It is a volatile compound found in wines and produced during fermentation. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is an aliphatic sulfide and a methyl sulfide. It is functionally related to a propan-1-ol. | 曲匹布通（英語：Trepibutone，也译为三醚丁酮酸）是一种有机化合物，化学式C16H22O6，能用于功能性胃肠病（FGID）的治疗，能促进胆汁与胰液的分泌，加速消化道平滑肌的松弛。 | 0 |
Butan-2-ol is a secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It derives from a hydride of a butane. | 二氧化锰（化学式：
MnO
2
）为黑色或棕色的固体，是锰最稳定的氧化物，经常出现于软锰矿及锰结核中。軟錳礦是含錳的主礦物；錳結核(海底岩石凝固物)也含有錳的成分。二氧化锰主要用途为制造干电池，如碳锌电池和碱性电池；也常在化学反应中作为催化剂，如製造氧氣；或作为酸性溶液中的强氧化剂。也可以作為有機合成中的試劑(氧化劑)，例如用於烯丙醇的氧化。二氧化錳也用作顏料，並作為其它錳化合物如高锰酸鉀（KMnO4）的前體。α多晶型物中的二氧化锰可以在氧化錳八面體（多個八面體）之間的“孔道”或“间隙”中併入多種原子（以及水分子）。人們對於α-MnO2作為鋰電池陰極的可能性有相當大的興趣。 | 0 |
Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine, and in the roots of several other members of the Fabaceae. It was the first-described member of the family of chemical compounds known as rotenoids. Rotenone is approved for use as a piscicide to remove alien fish species, see Uses. It has also been used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, but its use as an insecticide has been banned in many countries. | 甘草素（英語：Liquiritigenin）或译为甘草醇，是一种黄烷酮，从『甘草』（学名：Glycyrrhiza uralensis）中分离出来，在甘草属植物中广泛存在，包括『光果甘草』（学名：Glycyrrhiza glabra）。它是一种雌激素化合物，作为雌激素受体（ER）的ERβ亚型的选择性激动剂，尽管在足够高的浓度下据报导，也能作为ERα的部分激动剂。 它也具有利胆作用。 | 0 |
Oxindole (2-indolone) is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula C6H4CHC(O)NH. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. Oxindole is a modified indoline with a substituted carbonyl at the second position of the 5-member indoline ring. Classified as a cyclic amide, it is a pale yellow solid. | 溴隱亭（英語：Bromocriptine）是一種多巴胺受體激動劑，屬於麥角靈的衍生物。可用於控制因腦部問題而產生乳汁的患者。 | 0 |
Glyceraldehyde is a natural product found in Homo sapiens, Salmonella enterica, and Pogostemon cablin with data available. | 丁二酸酐，别名琥珀酸酐，是琥珀酸自身脱水缩合形成的环状酸酐，分子式为C4H4O3。它与热水反应生成丁二酸，与氨反应生成琥珀酰亚胺，是有机合成重要的中间体，在医药工业上主要用于合成氯霉素琥珀酸酯钠、羟孕酮琥珀酸酯钠和氢化可的松琥珀酸酯钠等。 | 0 |
Endrin is an organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant. It has a role as an avicide, a rodenticide, a persistent organic pollutant, a neurotoxin and a xenobiotic. It is an organochlorine insecticide and an epoxide. It is functionally related to an Isodrin. | 三氯化砷是一種無機砷化合物，是含有劇毒而無色的液體，不純時可能會是黃色。它是一种共价化合物，同时也是一种路易斯酸，具有腐蚀性。 | 0 |
Amaranth is an organic molecular entity. | 溴丙酮是一种有机化合物，分子式为CH3COCH2Br。 | 0 |
Decane is a straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms. | 瓜胺酸(citrulline)是一種α胺基酸，名字是由首先抽取出瓜胺酸的西瓜而來。 | 0 |
Calcium oxide is a member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. It has a role as a fertilizer. | 氧化鈣，俗稱生石灰或石灰，化学式CaO，是常見的无机化合物。 | 1 |
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4. It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·xH2O).
Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but applications also include its uses as a precursor to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, as well as a long-term storable propellant for in-space spacecraft propulsion. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical power plant steam cycles as an oxygen scavenger to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion.
As of 2000, approximately 120,000 tons of hydrazine hydrate (corresponding to a 64% solution of hydrazine in water by weight) were manufactured worldwide per year.
Hydrazines are a class of organic substances derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrazine by an organic group. | 鸭嘴花碱酮（英語：Vasicinone）是一种喹唑啉生物碱。它在体外显示出支气管扩张作用，但在体内显示出支气管收缩作用。鸭嘴花碱酮被证明具有抗过敏作用。它是在骆驼蓬中发现的。
鸭嘴花碱酮与类似物鸭嘴花碱的组合也被进行了研究。两种生物碱的组合（1:1）在体内和体外均显示出显着的支气管扩张活性。这两种生物碱也是呼吸兴奋剂。鸭嘴花碱具有心脏抑制作用，鸭嘴花碱酮是一种弱心脏兴奋剂；通过结合这两种生物碱可以使效果正常化。据报道，鸭嘴花碱具有子宫兴奋作用。 | 0 |
Chlorothalonil is a dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops. It has a role as an antifungal agrochemical. It is a dinitrile, a tetrachlorobenzene and an aromatic fungicide. It is functionally related to an isophthalonitrile. | 硫酸锂是一种无机化合物，化学式为Li2SO4，固体存在无水物与一水合物。硫酸锂不形成矾类。 | 0 |
Chloric acid is a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorate. | 三乙醇胺即“三(2-羟乙基)胺”，可以看做是三乙胺的三羟基取代物，屬於三级胺。与其他胺类化合物相似，由于氮原子上存在孤对电子，三乙醇胺具弱碱性，能够与无机酸或有机酸反应生成盐。 | 0 |
Geosmin is a natural product found in Basella alba, Zea mays, and other organisms with data available. | 爵床脂素A（英語：Justicidin A）是一种有机化合物，分子式C22H18O7，属于木脂素，存在于爵床（学名：Justicia procumbens）中，有細胞毒性。 | 0 |
Buformin is a member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide substituted by a butyl group at position 1. It is an antidiabetic drug with potential antitumor effect. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a geroprotector, a radiosensitizing agent, an antineoplastic agent and an antiviral agent. It is functionally related to a biguanide. | 丁二胍，又名丁双胍，药品名丁福明（INN：（buformin）），是一种口服降血糖药，於1957年被合成，主要用于二型糖尿病的治疗，与二甲双胍、苯乙双胍同属于双胍类口服降血糖药。 | 1 |
Phenglutarimide is a member of piperidines. | 己醛，又称正己醛是一种醛 ，用于水果调味。 它的气味类似于刚切好的草，就像顺式-3-己醛。 它可能作为天然提取物而有用，并可防止水果变质。 它是天然存在的化合物，使豌豆中产生类似干草的清香风味。
P. Bagard于1907年出版了己醛的第一个有机合成方法。 | 0 |
Quinidine is a cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, an antimalarial, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a sodium channel blocker, a muscarinic antagonist, a potassium channel blocker, a P450 inhibitor, an EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor, an EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor and a drug allergen. It derives from a hydride of a cinchonan. | 羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A（英語：3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA，简称“HMG-CoA”）也称为“β-羟基-β-甲戊二酸单酰辅酶A”或“3-羟基-3-甲戊二酸单酰辅酶A”，是一种重要的脂类代谢中间产物。合成β-羟-β-甲戊二酸单酰辅酶A需要三分子的乙酰辅酶A，其中两分子的乙酰辅酶A先在硫解酶的作用下缩合成为乙酰乙酰辅酶A，后者在β-羟-β-甲戊二酸单酰辅酶A合酶的作用下与另一分子的乙酰辅酶A合成出β-羟-β-甲戊二酸单酰辅酶A。该物质可以走向两种途径：在β-羟-β-甲戊二酸单酰辅酶A裂解酶的作用下裂解为乙酰乙酸，继而生成丙酮和β-D-羟丁酸，这三者被称为酮体；在β-羟-β-甲戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶的作用下还原为甲羟戊酸，继而参与动植物中萜类、固醇类化合物的合成。故植物中不少次生代谢产物或激素是由这种化合物衍生而来的，如赤霉素、脱落酸等，动物体内则以此合成胆固醇及各种类固醇激素等。 | 0 |
Chorismic acid is a natural product found in Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Galium mollugo, and other organisms with data available. | 五氟化砷是砷元素和氟元素形成的一种无机化合物。其中砷元素的氧化态是+5。 | 0 |
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. | 三甲胺（Trimethylamine，简写TMA），分子式N(CH3)3，属有机化合物，也是最簡單的叔胺类化合物。三甲胺为無色气体，比空氣重、吸湿、有毒且易燃。低濃度的三甲胺氣體具有强烈的魚腥氣味，高濃度时具有类似于氨的气味。三甲胺通常压缩于钢瓶中或配成40%的水溶液来销售。
自然条件下，植物和动物腐敗分解会产生三甲胺气体。腐败魚的腥臭味、感染的伤口的恶臭味和口臭通常都是由三甲胺引起。大部分三甲胺来源于胆碱及肉碱。
三甲胺是一种含氮碱，容易获得质子形成三甲胺正离子。三甲胺盐酸盐是一种由盐酸和三甲胺反应得到的具有吸湿性的白色固体。 | 0 |
Malonic acid is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Meum athamanticum, and other organisms with data available. | 三丁基氯化锡是一种有机锡化合物，示性式为 (CH3CH2CH2CH2)3SnCl。它在常溫常壓下是一种可溶于有机溶剂的无色液体。 | 0 |
Malonoben is an alkylbenzene. It has a role as a geroprotector. | 二羟基丙二酸（英語：Dihydroxymalonic acid）是一种偕二醇二羧酸，分子式C3H4O6，结构简式HO-(CO)-OH，存在于植物紫花苜蓿和甜菜頭糖蜜中。 | 0 |
Phenol red is 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney. It has a role as a two-colour indicator, an acid-base indicator and a diagnostic agent. It is a 2,1-benzoxathiole, a member of phenols, a sultone and an arenesulfonate ester. | 3-甲基-2-丁醇（3-Methyl-2-butanol，IUPAC系统名：3-甲基丁烷-2-醇，3-Methylbutan-2-ol，常用名异仲戊醇，sec-isoamyl alcohol）是一种分子式为C5H11OH的有机化合物，在其它化学品的合成中用作溶剂或中间体。 | 0 |
Thiodiglycol is a diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom It has a role as an antioxidant, a solvent, a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a diol and an aliphatic sulfide. It is functionally related to a mercaptoethanol. | 硫二甘醇（英語：Thiodiglycol），又称二（2-羟基乙基）硫醚，是一种无色至淡黄色的粘稠液体，通常用作溶剂。属于监控化学品而受到严格管制。其化学式为C4H10O2S, 结构简式为HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2OH。它与丙酮、氯仿和醇类互溶，可溶于苯、乙醚及四氯化碳。 | 1 |
Homogentisic acid is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and a member of hydroquinones. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a homogentisate. | 胍生（英語：Guanoxan，商品名： Envacar）是一种人工合成的有机化合物，分子式C10H13N3O2，可作为交感神經抑制劑药物，由辉瑞在英国销售，用于治疗高血壓，但因肝毒性而退出市场。 | 0 |
Picrocrocin is a natural product found in Crocus sativus, Crocus tommasinianus, and Crocus vernus with data available. | 2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷是一种来自脂肪族和饱和卤代烃的化合物。 | 0 |
Dichlormid is a tertiary carboxamide. | 莫能菌素（英語：Monensin）是一种从肉桂地链霉菌（Streptomyces cinnamonensis）中提取到的一种聚醚抗生素，商品名瘤胃素。市售为其钠盐制剂，主要用于治疗反刍动物的球虫病。 | 0 |
Pentamethylbenzene is a methylbenzene that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 五甲基苯是具有示性式C6H(CH3)5的有机芳香烃化合物。在常溫常壓下它是带有甜味的無色固体。它是一种相对容易氧化的苯衍生芳香烃。相對於标准氢电极，其氧化半電位为1.95V。 | 1 |
Picolinic acid is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a picolinate. | 铅烷（英語：Plumbane，分子式：PbH4），又名四氢化铅，是铅的氢化物。 它在热力学上十分不稳定，极容易失去氢原子，这导致了人们尚未能够充分深入地研究它的性质。 铅烷的衍生物有四氟化铅（PbF4）和四乙基铅（(CH3CH2)4Pb）等。 | 0 |
Hydroxyzine is a N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anxiolytic drug, a dermatologic drug, an antipruritic drug and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a hydroxyether and a member of monochlorobenzenes. | 甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（英語：Glycidyl methacrylate，缩写GMA）是一种有机化合物，分子式C7H10O3，是甲基丙烯酸与缩水甘油形成的酯，是陶氏化工用于制造高分子环氧树脂共聚物的常用单体。 | 0 |
Azulene is an aromatic organic compound and an isomer of naphthalene. Naphthalene is colourless, whereas azulene is dark blue. The compound is named after its colour, as "azul" is Spanish for blue. Two terpenoids, vetivazulene (4,8-dimethyl-2-isopropylazulene) and guaiazulene (1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene), that feature the azulene skeleton are found in nature as constituents of pigments in mushrooms, guaiac wood oil, and some marine invertebrates.
Azulene has a long history, dating back to the 15th century as the azure-blue chromophore obtained by steam distillation of German chamomile. The chromophore was discovered in yarrow and wormwood and named in 1863 by Septimus Piesse. Its structure was first reported by Lavoslav Ružička, followed by its organic synthesis in 1937 by Placidus Plattner. | 正戊烷（英語：Pentane），化学式C5H12，烷烃中的第五个成员。正戊烷有2种同分异构体：异戊烷（沸点28°C）和新戊烷（沸点10°C），“戊烷”一词通常指正戊烷，即其直链异构体。
烷烃最早是使用习惯命名法来命名的。但是这种命名法对于碳数多，异构体多的烷烃很难使用。于是有人提出衍生命名法，将所有的烷烃看作是甲烷的衍生物，例如异丁烷叫做2-甲基丙烷。 | 0 |
Phenol is a natural product found in Aspergillus violaceofuscus, Scrophularia buergeriana, and other organisms with data available. | 酚丁（英語：Oxyphenisatine 或 oxyphenisatin）是一种有机化合物，化学式C20H15NO3，可用作接触性泻药，其衍生物双醋酚丁也作为泻药使用。 | 0 |
Cadmium nitrate is an inorganic nitrate salt having Cd(2+) as the counterion. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a hepatotoxic agent and a genotoxin. It is a cadmium salt and an inorganic nitrate salt. It contains a cadmium(2+). | 5-甲氧基色胺（英語：5-Methoxytryptamine，缩写5-MT，或mexamine），分子式C11H14N2O，是一种色胺衍生物，在体内由褪黑素脱乙醯化化生成。 | 0 |
Tamsulosin, sold under the brand name Flomax among others, is a medication used to treat symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic prostatitis and to help with the passage of kidney stones. The evidence for benefit with a kidney stone is better when the stone is larger. Tamsulosin is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, blurry vision, and sexual problems. Other side effects may include feeling lightheaded with standing due to changes in blood pressure, and angioedema. Tamsulosin is an alpha blocker and works by relaxing muscles in the prostate. Specifically it is an α1-adrenergic receptor blocker.
Tamsulosin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1997. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the twentieth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 25 million prescriptions. | 赤藻糖醇（英語：Erythritol，(2R,3S)-丁-1,2,3,4-四醇）或稱赤蘚醇、赤藻糖醇，是一种糖醇（或者多元醇），可由赤藻糖或赤藻酮糖還原得到。赤藻糖醇天然存在於葡萄、梨子等果實或醬油、味噌、清酒等發酵食品中，是由葡萄糖發酵而成。它具有蔗糖60-80%的甜度，熱量极低，且相較於其它糖醇、不太會引起消化問題（美國FDA建議成人及兒童的日食用上限為體重每公斤0.78g及0.71g），也不會引起齲齒。由於能弱化齒垢中細菌彼此的結合力，因此具有分解齒垢的作用。赤藻糖醇已经在美国获准使用。它是由约翰·斯登豪斯于1848年首先发现的。 | 0 |
Canadine is a berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10. It is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an aromatic ether and an oxacycle. | 羥氯喹（英語：hydroxychloroquine，縮寫：HCQ），在台灣稱作羥氯奎寧、氫氧奎寧，或長期被簡稱奎寧（雖然嚴格而言，兩者化學成份並不相同）。羥氯喹的口服形式為硫酸羥氯喹（hydroxychloroquine sulfate），較為人熟知的商品名為必賴克瘻 (英語：Plaquenil)、瘡寧與殲瘧。在瘧原蟲對氯喹仍有療效的地區，會使用羥氯喹預防及治療瘧疾。羥氯喹與氯喹的區別為側鏈末端含羥基：其N-乙基的取代基被β-羥基化。此外，羥氯喹也用於治療類風濕性關節炎、紅斑性狼瘡和緩發性皮膚病變紫質症。羥氯喹目前用於治療2019冠状病毒病的臨床試驗仍在進行中，真實的療效仍未驗證。 | 0 |
Cepharanthine is a natural product found in Stephania cephalantha, Stephania sinica, and other organisms with data available. | 2-萘胺是一种有机化合物，化学式为C10H7NH2，是1-萘胺的同分异构体。它是一种无色固体，但是在空气中会因氧化呈现出微红的颜色。它曾用于制造偶氮染料，但是作为一种致癌物质，很大程度上被毒性较小的化合物所取代。 | 0 |
Allysine is a derivative of lysine that features a formyl group in place of the terminal amine. The free amino acid does not exist, but the allysine residue does. It is produced by aerobic oxidation of lysine residues by the enzyme lysyl oxidase. The transformation is an example of a post-translational modification. The semialdehyde form exists in equilibrium with a cyclic derivative.
Allysine is involved in the production of elastin and collagen. Increased allysine concentration in tissues has been correlated to the presence of fibrosis.
Allysine residues react with sodium 2-naphthol-6-sulfonate to produce a fluorescent bis-naphtol-allysine product. In another assay, allysine-containing proteins are reduced with sodium borohydride to give a peptide containing the 6-hydroxynorleucine (6-hydroxy-2-aminocaproic acid) residue, which (unlike allysine) is stable to proteolysis. | 精胺（Spermine）是存在于所有真核细胞中的一种多胺类物质。呈碱性，在生理 pH 下以多质子化的形式存在。 | 0 |
Cetirizine is a member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. It has a role as an anti-allergic agent, a H1-receptor antagonist, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a member of piperazines, a member of monochlorobenzenes and an ether. | 氨氯地平（Amlodipine或Amlodipine besylate）、著名商品名脈優/络活喜（Norvasc、輝瑞公司商標名）為一種治療高血壓及冠狀動脈疾病的藥物。本品並不建議用於治療心臟衰竭，但可以配合其他藥物控制其他藥物無法控制的高血壓或心绞痛。本品可由口服給藥，效果可維持至少一天。
氨氯地平最早於1986年取得專利，並於1990年開始上市。本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中，為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一。本品已有通用名药物上市。2015年，在開發中國家，每天劑量批發價約介於 0.003 至 0.066 美金之間。在美國，每月劑量的花費少於 25 美金。 | 0 |
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH3)2. It is a colourless, flammable liquid. It is classified as a carbonate ester. This compound has found use as a methylating agent and as a co-solvent in lithium-ion batteries. Notably, dimethyl carbonate is a weak methylating agent, and is not considered as a carcinogen. Instead, dimethyl carbonate is often considered to be a green reagent,
and it is exempt from the restrictions placed on most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the United States. | 1950 年代，在鏈黴菌屬中發現巴龍黴素，1960 年將其用作醫藥用途，納入世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，認可為醫療系統中最安全有效的藥物之一 ，市面上已有本品的通用名藥物。截至 2007 年，在印度注射劑型的整套療程約在 4.19 英鎊到 8.38 英鎊左右 ，截至 2015 年，在美國一套典型的療程超過 200 美元 。 | 0 |
Hopane is a natural chemical compound classified as a triterpene. It forms the central core of a variety of other chemical compounds which are collectively known as hopanoids. The first compound of the hopane family to be isolated and characterised was hydroxyhopanone, found in dammar resin. The name derives from Hopea, a tree genus from which dammar is obtained. | 氯鼠酮（英語：Chlorophacinone）是一種抗凝血劑，可用作滅鼠劑。 | 0 |
Chalepensin is a furanocoumarin. | 乙醯唑胺（英語：Acetazolamide）以Diamox（丹木斯）等商品名銷售，是一種用於治療青光眼、癲癇、急性高山症、週期性癱瘓、特發性顱內高壓（原因不明的腦壓升高）、心臟衰竭和鹼化尿液的藥物。它可長期用於治療開放角青光眼（open angle glaucoma），短期用於治療急性隅角閉鎖青光眼（於進行手術之前）。經由口服或靜脈注射給藥。乙醯唑胺是第一代碳酸酐酶抑製劑，可降低眼液和眼內滲透壓，而將眼內壓降低。 | 0 |
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It has a role as a protic solvent. It is a primary alcohol and a member of oxolanes. | 四氢糠醇（缩写：THFA）是一种有机化合物，化学式为HOCH2C4H7O，是四氢呋喃环上的2号位被羟甲基取代而成。其是无色液体，可以作为特殊的溶剂，也是一种有机合成中间体（如制二氢吡喃时）。四氢糠醇可以由糠醛氢化制成，可作為1,5-戊二醇的前体。 | 1 |
Bupicomide is a chemical compound created and manufactured by Lanospharma Laboratories Company, Ltd. It is used experimentally as a beta blocker and clinically as a strong vasodilator with the noted side effects of reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure. | 茚三酮（寧希德林），一种有机化合物，被广泛用于检测氨、一级和二级胺，尤其是氨基酸。茚三酮与它们反应时产生深蓝色或紫色，称为罗曼紫（Ruhemann's purple）。法医学上这个反应被用于鉴定指纹。
茚三酮反应（Kaiser鉴定）也可用来在固相接肽时检验脱保护基是否已经完成， 鉴定和比色法分离氨基酸以及鉴定铵离子（呈紫色），机理如下图所示： | 0 |
Cordycepin, or 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine, differing from the latter by the replacement of the hydroxy group in the 3' position with a hydrogen. It was initially extracted from the fungus Cordyceps militaris, but can now be produced synthetically. It is also found in other Cordyceps species as well as Ophiocordyceps sinensis. | 异丁酸，一种有四个碳原子的短链饱和脂肪酸，结构式(CH3)2CHCOOH。 | 0 |
Thiomorpholine, HN(CH2)4S, is a heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and sulfur. It can be considered a thio analog of morpholine.
It can be prepared from cysteamine and vinyl chloride:
H2NCH2CH2SH + CH2=CHCl → HN(CH2)4S + HCl | 环戊酮（英語：Cyclopentanone）是一種有機化合物，化學式為(CH2)4CO。這種環酮是一種無色揮發性液體。 | 0 |
Mupirocin is a natural product found in Pseudomonas fluorescens with data available. | 吡哆醛（英語：Pyridoxal）分子式C8H9NO3，是一种被称为维生素B6的化合物之一，另外两个分别是：吡哆醇与吡哆胺。 | 0 |
Anidulafungin is a semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. It is an azamacrocycle, a heterodetic cyclic peptide, a semisynthetic derivative, an echinocandin and an antibiotic antifungal drug. | 异丁苯是一种有机化合物，化学式为C10H14，是丁苯的同分异构体之一。它可由苯基异丙基甲酮的还原反应制得。它和丙酰氯在三氯化铝的存在下反应，可以得到(4-异丁基苯基)乙基甲酮。 | 0 |
Fenchone is a carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a fenchane monoterpenoid, a cyclic terpene ketone and a carbobicyclic compound. | 樱花素（英語：Sakuranetin，也称为5,4'-二羟基-7-甲氧基黄烷酮）是一种有机化合物，化学式C16H14O5，属于黄烷酮类化合物，它是柚皮素的7-甲氧基衍生物，存在于Polymnia fruticosa和水稻中。它是一种植物抗毒素，可以抑制稻熱病菌。 | 0 |
Lapatinib (INN), used in the form of lapatinib ditosylate (USAN) (trade names Tykerb and Tyverb marketed by Novartis) is an orally active drug for breast cancer and other solid tumours. It is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor which interrupts the HER2/neu and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways. It is used in combination therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. It is used for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2 (ErbB2). | 乳清酸（英語：Orotic acid，共軛鹼作orotate）或嘧啶酸（pyrimidinecarboxylic acid）是一種雜環化合物，也是一種有機酸。乳清酸曾經被誤以為是一種維生素B，並被稱為vitamin B13，但後來發現他並不屬於維生素。 | 0 |
Amoxicillin is a natural product found in Arundo donax and Apis cerana with data available. | 美羅培南（英語：Meropenem），或譯美洛培南，是一種有非常廣泛抗菌性及可供注射的抗生素，用於治療多種不同的感染，包括腦膜炎及肺炎。它是一種β內醯胺類抗生素，屬於碳青黴烯的分類下。
美羅培南是由日本的住友製藥所發展，並由阿斯利康以「Merrem®」及「Meronem®」的商標在日本以外的地方發行。
與亞安培南不同，美羅培南對腎臟內的脫氫酶較穩定，能在不使用西司他丁的情況下用藥。它會滲透入腦脊液。美羅培南，相比起亞安培南亦能減低引致癲癇的風險。 | 0 |
Ethanethiol is an alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks. It has a role as a rodenticide. | 五氯化磷（化学式：PCl5）是一种无机化合物。它是最重要的磷氯化物之一，其它的还有三氯化磷和三氯氧磷。它是一种无色、具有吸湿性的固体，主要用作氯化剂，在不同条件下可有不同的结构。 | 0 |
Tizanidine is 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist and a muscle relaxant. It is a benzothiadiazole and a member of imidazoles. | 异香草醛（英語：Isovanillin；又称异香兰素）是一种酚醛，香草醛的同分异构体之一。它是醛氧化酶的一种选择性抑制剂，能被醛脱氢酶代谢成异香草酸，这种特性使得异香草醛能够用于酒精厌恶疗法。异香草醛可以作为吗啡全合成的前体。文献中已有描述其（和香草醛）在大鼠体内可能的代谢过程。 | 0 |
Benzidine is a member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent. It is a member of biphenyls and a substituted aniline. | 色醇（英語：Tryptophol）是一種芳香醇，可誘導人類睡眠。它作為酒精發酵的副產品存在於葡萄酒中。它於1912年由費利克斯·埃爾利希首次描述。它也由昏睡病中的錐蟲寄生蟲產生。
它作為二硫龍治療的副作用在肝臟中形成。 | 0 |
Piperacillin is a penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a penicillin and a penicillin allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a piperacillin(1-). | 苯甲醛（英語：Benzaldehyde）为苯的氢被醛基取代后形成的有机化合物，化學式為C6H5CHO。苯甲醛为最简单的，同时也是工业上最常为使用的芳醛。在室温下其为无色液体，具有特殊的杏仁气味。苯甲醛为苦扁桃油提取物中的主要成分，也可从杏，樱桃，月桂树叶，桃核中提取得到。该化合物也在果仁和坚果中以和糖苷结合的形式（扁桃苷，Amygdalin）存在。当今苯甲醛主要由甲苯通过不同的途径制备。 | 0 |
Repaglinide is an antidiabetic drug in the class of medications known as meglitinides, and was invented in 1983. Repaglinide is a medication used in addition to diet and exercise for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of action of repaglinide involves promoting insulin release from β-islet cells of the pancreas; like other antidiabetic drugs, a main side effect concern is hypoglycemia. It is sold by Novo Nordisk under the name of Prandin in the United States, Gluconorm in Canada, Surepost in Japan, Repaglinide in Egypt, and Novonorm elsewhere. In Japan it is produced by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. | 亚氯酸盐是亚氯酸形成的盐类，含有亚氯酸根离子—ClO2−，其中氯的氧化态为+3。 | 0 |
Juglone, also called 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (IUPAC) is a phenolic organic compound with the molecular formula C10H6O3. In the food industry, juglone is also known as C.I. Natural Brown 7 and C.I. 75500. It is insoluble in benzene but soluble in dioxane, from which it crystallizes as yellow needles. It is an isomer of lawsone, which is the active dye compound in the henna leaf.
Juglone occurs naturally in the leaves, roots, husks, fruit (the epicarp), and bark of plants in the Juglandaceae family, particularly the black walnut (Juglans nigra), and is toxic or growth-stunting to many types of plants. It is sometimes used as an herbicide, as a dye for cloth and inks, and as a coloring agent for foods and cosmetics. | 阿托品（英語：atropine）或譯阿托平，又稱颠茄碱，是一種属于抗膽鹼劑中的抗毒蕈碱药，用來治療神經毒氣或殺蟲劑中毒，也用在某些心跳過緩，與手術時減少唾液分泌，一般會以靜脈注射或肌肉注射給藥，眼藥水劑型用於治療葡萄膜炎與早期弱視，以及控制近视。靜脈注射劑型的藥物，在一分鐘內就會生效，並持續半小時到一小時左右。若是治療中毒，可能需要較高劑量的阿托品。
阿托品是一種蕈毒鹼受器阻斷藥，能可逆地阻碍乙酰胆碱与蕈毒鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體结合，可以抑制副交感神經。常見副作用包含口乾、瞳孔放大、尿瀦留、便祕，以及心跳過速，青光眼患者如非必要請勿使用。目前顯示哺乳期使用是安全的。尚無證據孕婦使用阿托品會導致新生兒先天性障礙，相關研究仍待進行。
阿托品存在於數種茄科植物體內，如顛茄、天仙子、曼陀罗及茄參等，於1833年首次被分離出來。左旋莨菪碱为天然构型，经提取处理后得到的消旋莨菪碱即为阿托品。。阿托品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单，為基礎醫療體系必備藥物之一。該藥物屬於通用名藥物，價格低廉，每毫克的批發價約在0.06到0.44美金之間。 | 0 |
Tryptamine is an aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an aminoalkylindole, an indole alkaloid, an aralkylamino compound and a member of tryptamines. It is a conjugate base of a tryptaminium. | 大鼠脑中色胺含量约3.5 pmol/g。 | 1 |
Isopentenyl diphosphate is a prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent. It has a role as an epitope, a phosphoantigen, an antioxidant, an antigen, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an isopentenyl diphosphate(3-). | 甘草次酸（glycyrrhetinic acid，或glycyrrhetic acid，也叫Enoxolone）是一种五环三萜物质，由草药光果甘草的甘草酸水解得到故而得名。甘草次酸可以看作是β-香树脂醇（齐墩果烷型）的衍生物，从而作为甘草酸的糖苷配基。甘草次酸常作为香料使用，也用来掩盖芦荟和奎寧等药物的苦味。 | 0 |
2-Hydroxyestrone is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available. | 普罗布考（Probucol），是由美国Marion Merrell Dow公司于1977开发，作为降脂药物上市。上市后在临床试验中发现，普罗布考有卓越的抗动脉硬化作用，并且对血管介入术后保护，防止糖尿病的血管并发症，消除黄色瘤均有出色疗效。
1970年代，由于他汀类药物的问世，使医学界对抗动脉硬化治疗的焦点转向以降脂为目标，尤其是降低LDL，升高HDL；而普罗布考虽然在降低LDL方面表现不错，但同时降低HDL的问题使公众质疑，而对于这个问题Marion Merrell Dow也未能给予解答。
1996年，Marion Merrell Dow公司被德国制药巨擎Hoechst并购，成立为Hoechst Marion Rousell公司，简称HMR。经过HMR管理层讨论，鉴于他汀类药物的兴起，而普罗布考又有太多的未知，专利也已经到期，继续研究已经没有商业价值，从而决定向美国FDA提出主动退市，理由是无法解释普罗布考的降脂机制和利润太低，1995年普罗布考年销售额不足3000万美元，无法支撑企业在这个产品的运营成本。 | 0 |
Carnosol is a natural product found in Salvia officinalis, Ocimum labiatum, and other organisms with data available. | 辛二酸（英語：octanedioic acid，也称为软木酸，Suberic acid）是一种二羧酸，化学式HOOC(CH2)6COOH，标准状况下为无色晶体，可用于药物合成与塑料制造。Suberic一词来源于木栓的拉丁文：suber。 | 0 |
Propranolol is a propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an anxiolytic drug, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an antihypertensive agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a secondary amine, a propanolamine and a member of naphthalenes. It is functionally related to a 1-naphthol. | 辛弗林是一种膳食补充剂，可以帮助减少人体内的脂肪。尽管它的功能还存在争议，目前辛弗林已经成为了在美国更具争议的另一种膳食补充剂麻黄(Ephedra)的替代品。辛弗林主要是从一种水果苦酸橙(Citrus aurantium)中提取出来的。 | 0 |
Procarbazine is a benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of hydrazines and a member of benzamides. It is a conjugate base of a procarbazine(1+). | Ba(SCN)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4↓ + 2 HSCN | 0 |
Lupeol is a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid. It has several potential medicinal properties, like anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. | 雄烯二酮（英語：Androstenedione，或称为4-雄烯二酮 4-androstenedione、雄-4-烯-3,17-二酮 androst-4-ene-3,17-dione，缩写A4、AED、'Δ4-dione）是一种19碳的甾体激素，其由肾上腺和性腺分泌，作为生物化学合成雄性激素睾酮和雌性激素雌酮雌二醇的中间产物。 | 0 |
Creatine is a glycine derivative having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, a nutraceutical, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of guanidines and a glycine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a creatinate. It is a tautomer of a creatine zwitterion. | 羊毛甾醇（Lanosterol）是一种甾体化合物，分子式C30H50O，动物和真菌合成类固醇的过程中均利用了此化合物。植物则經由环阿屯醇合成類固醇。 | 0 |
Allicin is a sulfoxide and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as an antibacterial agent. | 秋水仙素（英語：Colchicine）是最初萃取于百合科植物秋水仙的种子和球茎的一种植物碱。它是白色或淡黄色的粉末或针状晶体，有剧毒。最先用于治療风湿病和痛風，但是它的瀉藥及促進嘔吐的功能也成為醫生處方的原因。現在主要用於治療痛風。 | 0 |
Octamoxin (trade names Ximaol, Nimaol), also known as 2-octylhydrazine, is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class that was used as an antidepressant in the 1960s but is now no longer marketed. | 麥角醇（英語：Lysergol，或译为全物麦角醇）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式为C16H18N2O，属于麥角靈类生物碱。 | 0 |
Picolinic acid is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a picolinate. | 蘇丹二號（Sudan II，C18H16N2O）是一種脂肪偶氮染色劑，常用於凍結切片的甘油三酯的染色。正常狀況下是紅色粉狀物。工業上常用於油、蠟等非極性物質的染色。 | 0 |
Stigmastanol is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an anticholesteremic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-stigmastane. | 丁酸甲酯是無色透明易揮發、有蘋果香味的液體。由丁酸和甲醇經由硫酸催化反應而得。帶有宜人的香味和味道，也因此被用作食品和香水添加劑。溶於乙醇、乙醚等有機溶劑。 | 0 |
Carvacrol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). It has a role as a volatile oil component, a flavouring agent, an antimicrobial agent, an agrochemical and a TRPA1 channel agonist. It is a member of phenols, a p-menthane monoterpenoid and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene. | 木兰醇（英語：Magnolol），又称厚朴酚，是一种有机化合物。是从木兰属厚朴（学名：Houpu magnolia）和荷花玉兰（学名：Magnolia grandiflora）树皮中提取到的一种木脂素。并非所有木兰属植物存在木兰醇，其仅存在于少部分木兰属植物树皮中。此外，同样从木兰属植物树皮中提取的木脂素还有和厚朴酚，其为木兰醇的同分异构体。 | 0 |
Benzylamine is a primary amine compound having benzyl as the N-substituent. It has been isolated from Moringa oleifera (horseradish tree). It has a role as an EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite and an allergen. It is a primary amine and an aralkylamine. It is a conjugate base of a benzylaminium. | 二氢辣椒素（Dihydrocapsaicin）又名二氢辣椒碱，是辣椒中含有的辣椒素类物质之一。跟辣椒素一样亦有刺激性。辣椒中的辣椒素类物质中，二氢辣椒素占约22%的比例。二氢辣椒素的辣味类似辣椒素，但稍有不同（史高维尔指标：15 000 000）。纯的二氢辣椒素是亲脂性的无色无味结晶或蜡状物质。可溶于二甲基亚砜及100%的乙醇。 | 0 |
Diethylzinc is a dialkylzinc compound. | 地散磷（英語：Bensulide）是一种有机磷乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，常用作除草剂和杀虫剂。它作用于植物的根部的分生组织，通过与乙酰辅酶结合来抑制细胞分裂影响幼苗生长。一般来说，地散磷用于保护甘蓝类蔬菜，瓜类，蔬菜，豆类和大蒜。。EPA将其列为“一般使用农药”（General Use Pesticide）。 | 0 |
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