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Indoline is a member of indoles.
ํŒํ† ํ”„๋ผ์กธ(pantoprazole)์€ ์œ„๊ถค์–‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์œ„ ์‹๋„ ์—ญ๋ฅ˜๋ณ‘(GERD)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž€์„ฑ ์‹๋„์—ผ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ๋ฏธ๋ž€์„ฑ ์‹๋„์—ผ์˜ ์น˜์œ  ๊ณผ์ • ์œ ์ง€, ์กธ๋ง๊ฑฐ-์—˜๋ฆฌ์Šจ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ณ‘์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๋‹ค๋ถ„๋น„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์„ฑ์ž ํŽŒํ”„ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ—ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ๊ท  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž ํŽŒํ”„ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœํ† ๋‹‰์Šค(Protonix) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ๋‘ํ†ต, ์„ค์‚ฌ, ๊ตฌํ† , ๋ณตํ†ต, ๊ด€์ ˆํ†ต์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘(์•„๋‚˜ํ•„๋ฝ์‹œ์Šค), ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ ์œ„์—ผ, ๋””ํ”ผ์‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ, ์ €๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜ํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B12 ๊ฒฐํ•์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ํŒํ† ํ”„๋ผ์กธ์€ ์œ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์–‘์„ฑ์ž ํŽŒํ”„ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์†Œ-์นผ๋ฅจ ATP๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŒํ† ํ”„๋ผ์กธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1985๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1994๋…„ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ์˜ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2020๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2,600๋งŒ ๊ฑด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด 20๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Sorbitol is a natural product found in Stypocaulon, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available.
์†”๋น„ํ†จ(์˜์–ด: sorbitol) ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฅด๋น„ํ†จ์€ ํฌ๋„๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œกํƒ„๋‹น์„ ํ™˜์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป๋Š” 6๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์„คํƒ•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋””-์†Œ๋ฅด๋น„ํ†จ(D-sorbitol)์ด ์‹ํ’ˆ๊ณต์ „์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์†Œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํก์Šต์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹จ๋ง›์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์— ์ž˜ ๋…น๋Š”๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณผ, ๋ณต์ˆญ์•„, ๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ชฉ ๋”ฐ์œ„์˜ ๊ณผ์ฆ™์— ํ•จ์œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์žฅ์šฉ ๋กœ์…˜, ํฌ๋ฆผ, ์น˜์•ฝ, ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์ œ, ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ C์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์›๋ฃŒ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ, ์ด๋‡จ์ œ ๋”ฐ์œ„์— ์“ด๋‹ค. ๋…น๋Š”์ ์€ 93~97.5ยฐC. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ CH2OHยท(CHOH)4CH2OH์ด๋‹ค.
1
Clobazam is 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an anxiolytic drug and a GABA modulator. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and an organochlorine compound.
์ง„์ €๋ฒ ๋ Œ(Zingiberene)์€ ๋‹จ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ์Šคํ€ดํ…Œ๋ฅดํŽœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ• ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ• ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋ ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ์œ ๋ž˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ค„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 30%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ•์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Cadaverine is an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a straight-chain pentane core with amino substitutents at positions 1 and 5. A colourless syrupy liquid diamine with a distinctive unpleasant odour, it is a homologue of putresceine and is formed by the bacterial decarboxylation of lysine that occurs during protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. It is also found in plants such as soyabean. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a cadaverine(2+).
์ง„์ €๋ก (Zingerone, vanillylacetone)์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ง› ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง„์ €๋ก ์€ ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…น๋Š” ํŽธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋…น๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ˜• ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ง„์ €๋ก ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์ œ๋†€ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง› ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด์Šค ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ํ–ฅ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ•์€ ์ง„์ €๋ก ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ• ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ง„์ €๋กค์— ์•Œ๋Œ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
1,3-Propanediol is the organic compound with the formula CH2(CH2OH)2. This 3-carbon diol is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water.
3-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid) ๋˜๋Š” 3-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ-2-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ”„๋กœํŒ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid)์€ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. 3-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์€ D-3-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ ๋ฐ L-3-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์˜ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ƒ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์นด์ด๋ž„์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Isoniazide is a carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and hydrazine. It has a role as an antitubercular agent and a drug allergen. It is functionally related to an isonicotinic acid.
์•„์„ธํ† ํŽ˜๋…ผ(์˜์–ด: acetophenone)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C6H5C(O)CH3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ผ€ํ†ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์ ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง, 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์— ์•„์„ธํ† ํŽ˜๋…ผ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Hypnone์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ œ์™€ ํ•ญ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (โˆ’CO2โˆ’) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation. Only the l-arginine (symbol Arg or R) enantiomer is found naturally. Arg residues are common components of proteins. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG. The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, water-soluble solid. The one-letter symbol R was assigned to arginine for its phonetic similarity.
๋ฆฌํฌ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: lipoic acid, LA)์€ ์นดํ”„๋ฆด์‚ฐ(์˜ฅํƒ„์‚ฐ)์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™ฉ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ฮฑ-๋ฆฌํฌ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: ฮฑ-lipoic acid, ALA), ์‹ธ์ด์˜ฅํŠธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: thioctic acid)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํฌ์‚ฐ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ์กฐ๋˜์–ด ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹์ด ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Sucrose is a glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. It has a role as an osmolyte, a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
๋ฉ”ํŠธํฌ๋ฅด๋ฏผ(metformin)์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“œ๊ณ„(biguanides) ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์šฉ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ๋‹น๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ „์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํฌ๋„๋‹น์‹ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ , ์„ธํฌ์— ํฌ๋„๋‹น์ด ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ 2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— 1์ฐจ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์ƒ ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘ ํ˜น์€ ๋น„๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž„์‹ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํŠธํฌ๋ฅด๋ฏผ์€ ๋‹ค๋‚ญ์„ฑ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์‘์ฆ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“œ๊ณ„ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ค„์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Cyclopentane is a natural product found in Oryza sativa and Senna sophera with data available.
ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: taurine) ๋˜๋Š” 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์—ํ…Œ์ธ์ˆ ํฐ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid)์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ™ฉ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ 1827๋…„ ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ™”ํ•™์ž์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ํ‹ฐ๋“œ๋งŒ(Friedrich Tiedemann)๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์˜คํดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ(Leopold Gmelin)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ์˜ ๋‹ด์ฆ™์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด, 1838๋…„ Demarcay์— ์˜ํ•ด ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ฮฒ-ํƒ„์†Œ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ฮฒ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์นด๋ฅด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— pK๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ sulfonic acid๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ฮฑ-ํƒ„์†Œ์— ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ pH์—์„œ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด์˜จํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ƒ์ฒด์•ก์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ํ’ˆ์กฐ์ง์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‡Œ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ, ๊ฐ„, ์‹ ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ์œก, ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์„ธํฌ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ณ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ์™ธ์•ก์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด์•ก์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ดํŒจ๋ฅ˜ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตด, ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋น„ ๋“ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐœ๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด, ๋ฌธ์–ด, ๋‚™์ง€, ์ƒ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒ€๋ถ‰์€ ์‚ด์— ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ, ๋ผ์ง€, ๋‹ญ ๋“ฑ ์œก๋ฅ˜์—๋Š” ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ๋‹ค.
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Phentermine is a primary amine. It has a role as a dopaminergic agent, an adrenergic agent, a sympathomimetic agent, an appetite depressant, a central nervous system stimulant and a central nervous system drug. It is a conjugate base of a phentermine(1+).
ํŽœํ…Œ์ธ(pentane)์€ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ C5H12์ด๋‹ค.
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Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Specifically it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma. It is administered by injection into a vein. A liposomal formulation known as liposomal daunorubicin also exists. Common side effects include hair loss, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, and inflammation of the inside of the mouth. Other severe side effects include heart disease and tissue death at the site of injection. Use in pregnancy may harm the fetus. Daunorubicin is in the anthracycline family of medication. It works in part by blocking the function of topoisomerase II. Daunorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally isolated from bacteria of the Streptomyces type.
ํผ์ด๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: formiminoglutamic acid, FIGLU)์€ ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํผ์ด๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B12์˜ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋˜๋Š” ํด์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Paclitaxel is a natural product found in Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis, Aspergillus versicolor, and other organisms with data available.
ํŒŒํด๋ฆฌํƒ์…€(์˜์–ด: paclitaxel, PTX)์€ ํƒ์†”(์˜์–ด: Taxol) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”, ์‹๋„์•”, ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”, ํ์•”, ์นดํฌ์‹œ ์œก์ข…, ์ž๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์•”, ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ญ์•”์š”๋ฒ•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œ์ œ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํŒŒํด๋ฆฌํƒ์…€๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ชจ, ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์–ต์ œ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ €ํ•˜, ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ๊ทผ์œกํ†ต, ์„ค์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜, ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํ๋ ด ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํด๋ฆฌํƒ์…€์€ ํƒ์‚ฐ์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด ์ค‘ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 1971๋…„, ํƒœํ‰์–‘์ฃผ๋ชฉ(Taxus brevifolia)์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒํด๋ฆฌํƒ์…€์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1993๋…„์— ์˜ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ตฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
1
Trichlorofluoromethane is a one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom. It has a role as a refrigerant, an environmental contaminant, a NMR solvent and a NMR chemical shift reference compound. It is a halomethane and a chlorofluorocarbon.
๋ฑ์‚ฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์†(dexamethasone)์€ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜๋จธํ‹ฐ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ณ‘, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ์ฒœ์‹, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜, ํฌ๋ฃน, ๋‡Œ๋ถ€์ข…, ๋˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฑ์‚ฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์†์€ 1957๋…„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์—ด๋œ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Bergenin, alias cuscutin, is trihydroxybenzoic acid glycoside. It is the C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid. It possesses an O-demethylated derivative called norbergenin. These are chemical compounds and drugs of Ayurveda, commonly known as Paashaanbhed. It shows a potent immunomodulatory effect. Bergenin can be isolated from Bergenia species like Bergenia ciliata and Bergenia ligulata, from rhizomes of Bergenia stracheyi. It is also found in the stem bark of Dryobalanops aromatica, in Ardisia elliptica and in Mallotus japonicus.
๋ฉ”์Šค์นผ๋ฆฐ(mescaline, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine)์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ํŽ˜๋‹์—ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฐ์„ฑ ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, LSD์™€ ์‹ค๋กœ์‹œ๋นˆ์— ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜์š”ํ…Œ ์„ ์ธ์žฅ(Lophophora williamsii), ์„ฑ๊ฒŒ์„ ์ธ์žฅ(Echinopsis pachanoi), ํŽ˜๋ฃจ๋น„์•ˆ ํ† ์น˜(Echinopsis peruviana), ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ ์ธ์žฅ ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ ์€ ์–‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์นด์‹œ์•„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด(acacia berlandieri)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ฝฉ๊ณผ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์นด์‹œ์•„์ข…์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋„์ „์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Ethyl gallate is a natural product found in Phyllanthus sellowianus, Acer truncatum, and other organisms with data available.
๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ(์˜์–ด: methionine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Met ๋˜๋Š” M) ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ ๋ฐ ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ, S-์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ค๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ์ธ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€ํ‹ฐ์˜จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ธ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, AUG ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ DNA ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”์˜ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ ๊ณต์—ฌ์ฒด์ธ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ์˜ ๊ณผ๋‹ค ์„ญ์ทจ๋Š” ์•” ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ์€ 1921๋…„์— ์กด ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ ๋ฎ๋Ÿฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์œผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Furosemide is a chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a loop diuretic. It is a sulfonamide, a chlorobenzoic acid and a member of furans.
ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: taurine) ๋˜๋Š” 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์—ํ…Œ์ธ์ˆ ํฐ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid)์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ™ฉ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ 1827๋…„ ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ™”ํ•™์ž์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ํ‹ฐ๋“œ๋งŒ(Friedrich Tiedemann)๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์˜คํดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ(Leopold Gmelin)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ์˜ ๋‹ด์ฆ™์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด, 1838๋…„ Demarcay์— ์˜ํ•ด ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ฮฒ-ํƒ„์†Œ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ฮฒ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์นด๋ฅด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— pK๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ sulfonic acid๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ฮฑ-ํƒ„์†Œ์— ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ pH์—์„œ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด์˜จํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ƒ์ฒด์•ก์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ํ’ˆ์กฐ์ง์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‡Œ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ, ๊ฐ„, ์‹ ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ์œก, ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์„ธํฌ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ณ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ์™ธ์•ก์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด์•ก์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.ํƒ€์šฐ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ดํŒจ๋ฅ˜ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตด, ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋น„ ๋“ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐœ๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด, ๋ฌธ์–ด, ๋‚™์ง€, ์ƒ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒ€๋ถ‰์€ ์‚ด์— ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ, ๋ผ์ง€, ๋‹ญ ๋“ฑ ์œก๋ฅ˜์—๋Š” ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ๋‹ค.
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Cyclohexene is a hydrocarbon with the formula (CH2)4C2H2. It is an example of a cycloalkene. At room temperature, cyclohexene is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Among its uses, it is an intermediate in the commercial synthesis of nylon.
ํŽœ๋ฒค๋‹ค์กธ(Fenbendazole)์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์šฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถฉ์ œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ตฌ์ถฉ์ œ ๋ฉ”๋ฒค๋‹ค์กธ(Mebendazole)๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
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Tiapamil is a member of benzenes and an organic amino compound.
ํด๋กœ๋กœ์—ํ…Œ์ธ(์˜์–ด: chloroethane)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด CH3CH2Cl์ธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ผํ™” ์—ํ‹ธ(์˜์–ด: ethyl chloride)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์ œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผ์—ํ‹ธ ๋‚ฉ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋™ ์•ก์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Barium nitrate is an inorganic nitrate salt of barium. It is an inorganic barium salt and an inorganic nitrate salt.
์งˆํ™”๋ถ•์†Œ(BN: Boron Nitride)๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ(N)์™€ ๋ถ•์†Œ(B)์˜ 1:1๋ชฐ๋น„์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
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Phytanic acid is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. It is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid, a long-chain fatty acid and a methyl-branched fatty acid. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a phytanate. It derives from a hydride of a phytane.
๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ(bupropion) ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ์—ผ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์• ๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ์ง€์›์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ „์—” ์•”ํŽ˜๋ถ€ํƒ€๋ชฌ(amfebutamone)์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์›ฐ๋ถ€ํŠธ๋ฆฐ(Wellbutrin) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์  ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ(SSRI)์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ์ „์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2์ฐจ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• , ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์กธ์Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์žˆ์–ด SSRI๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ, ํŠนํžˆ ์†๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ œ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ž‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ž‘ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฝ์†Œ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šคํด๋ผ์ธ(๋‹น์‹œ Burroughs Wellcome)์ด 1969๋…„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1985๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋ฐ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ, ์ผ๋ณธ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฏธ ์„ ์ง„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„  ์˜คํ”„๋ผ๋ฒจ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์ธ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ”ผ์˜จ(ํ•œ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ’ˆ)๊ณผ ์• ๋“œํ”ผ์˜จ(ํ™˜์ธ์ œ์•ฝ), ํ—ฌ์Šคํ”ผ์˜จ(๋ช…์ธ์ œ์•ฝ)์ด ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด ์•ฝํšจ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„œ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ œ์ œ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์›๋‚ด ์กฐ์ œ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•ฝ์ œ ํ‘œ์ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ์ด ์ดํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ์€ ์•ฝํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ-๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ (NDRI) ๋ฐ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์ผ€ํ†ค ๊ณ„์—ด์ด๋‹ค.
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Phenylalanine is a natural product found in Trichoderma virens, Salvia hispanica, and other organisms with data available.
ํ”„๋กœํ”„๋ผ๋†€๋กค(Propranolol - ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฐ๋†€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.)์€ ๋น„์„ ํƒ์  ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2008๋…„ ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์—์„œ ์กฐ์„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฒฉ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๊น€์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ๋ฉ”๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๋ฐฉ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRฮฑ9 and nAChRฮฑ10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6โ€“3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at ppb concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and neonicotinoids (structurally similar to nicotine), such as imidacloprid, are some of the most effective and widely used insecticides. Nicotine is highly addictive. Slow-release forms (gums and patches, when used correctly) can be less addictive and help in quitting. Animal research suggests that monoamine oxidase inhibitors present in tobacco smoke may enhance nicotine's addictive properties. An average cigarette yields about 2 mg of absorbed nicotine. The estimated lower dose limit for fatal outcomes is 500โ€“1,000 mg of ingested nicotine for an adult (6.5โ€“13 mg/kg). Nicotine addiction involves drug-reinforced behavior, compulsive use, and relapse following abstinence. Nicotine dependence involves tolerance, sensitization, physical dependence, psychological dependence, and can cause distress. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include depressed mood, stress, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances. Mild nicotine withdrawal symptoms are measurable in unrestricted smokers, who experience normal moods only as their blood nicotine levels peak, with each cigarette. On quitting, withdrawal symptoms worsen sharply, then gradually improve to a normal state. Nicotine use as a tool for quitting smoking has a good safety history. Animal studies suggest that nicotine may adversely affect cognitive development in adolescence, but the relevance of these findings to human brain development is disputed. At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "nicotine is not generally considered to be a carcinogen". The Surgeon General of the United States indicates that evidence is inadequate to infer the presence or absence of a causal relationship between exposure to nicotine and risk for cancer. Nicotine has been shown to produce birth defects in humans and is considered a teratogen. The median lethal dose of nicotine in humans is unknown. High doses are known to cause nicotine poisoning, organ failure, and death through paralysis of respiratory muscles, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare.
๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: valeric acid) ๋˜๋Š” ํŽœํƒ„์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: pentanoic acid)์€ ๊ณง์€ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์•Œํ‚ฌ ์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ CH3(CH2)3COOH์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ €๋ถ„์ž ์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋…„์ƒ ์ข…์ž์‹๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ(Valeriana officinalis)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์€ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์˜ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ(์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด) ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์˜ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ™”์žฅํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ํ‹ธ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํŽœํ‹ธ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์€ ฮณ-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ(GHB)์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ฮณ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ(GAB)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งง์€ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, GHB์™€ GABA์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ™œ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ”„๋กœ์‚ฐ์€ 3๋ฒˆ ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์ธก์‡„์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋ฐœ๋ก ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋„๋œ๋‹ค.
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Allantoin is a natural product found in Rhinacanthus nasutus, Aristolochia kankauensis, and other organisms with data available.
ํด๋กœ๋กœํฌ๋ฆ„(Chloroform)์€ ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ์—ผ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ CHCl3์ด๋‹ค. ํ…Œํ”„๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Taraxasterol is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Chuquiraga ulicina, and other organisms with data available.
์—”ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋ฆฐ(Enprofylline, 3-propylxanthine)์€ ์ฒœ์‹ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ž”ํ‹ด ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ ํ™•์žฅ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํฌ์Šคํฌ๋‹ค์ด์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Toluene is the simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent. It has a role as a non-polar solvent, a cholinergic antagonist, a neurotoxin and a fuel additive. It is a methylbenzene, a volatile organic compound and a member of toluenes.
์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ (์˜์–ด: adenosine)์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ž๊ทน๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‹ฌ์‹ค์ƒ๋นˆ๋งฅ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด ํ†ต์ฆ, ํ˜„๊ธฐ์ฆ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธํก ๊ณค๋ž€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ๊ณผ ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์€ ํ•ต์—ผ๊ธฐ์ธ ์•„๋ฐ๋‹Œ๊ณผ 5ํƒ„๋‹น์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์Šค๊ฐ€ ฮฒ-N9-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜ค์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(ATP)๊ณผ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์ด์ธ์‚ฐ(ADP)์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌํ˜• ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(cAMP)์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฌผ์งˆ(neuromodulator)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Ferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It is a conjugate acid of a ferulate.
ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ(Ferulic acid)์€ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์‹ ๋‚จ์‚ฐ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ด์ž ํŽ˜๋†€์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‹ (CH3O)HOC6H3CH=CHCO2H๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์•„์œ„์†(Ferula)์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋†€๋ฅ˜ ์‹๋ฌผํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ผ๋น„๋…ธ์ž์ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ—ค๋ฏธ์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค์— ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ์—ผ๊ณผ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
1
Brassinolide is a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 23-hydroxy steroid and a brassinosteroid. It has a role as a plant growth stimulator and a plant hormone.
๋ธŒ๋ผ์‹œ๋†€๋ผ์ด๋“œ(brassinolide)๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์ง€์ƒ๋ถ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด‰์ง„, ์—ฝ์‹  ๊ตด๊ณก ์ด‰์ง„, ๋ถ€์ •๊ทผ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ด, ๊ณผ์‹ค ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด‰์ง„, ๋…ธํ™” ์ด‰์ง„, ๊ฐ์ข… ์žฅ์• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ค„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์˜ฅ์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋˜๋ฉฐ ์–‘์ƒ์ถ”, ๊ฐ•๋‚ญ์ฝฉ, ๊ฐ์ž ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์–ด ํ™”ํ•™ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ.
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Methanethiol (also known as methyl mercaptan) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula CH3SH. It is a colorless gas with a distinctive putrid smell. It is a natural substance found in the blood, brain and feces of animals (including humans), as well as in plant tissues. It also occurs naturally in certain foods, such as some nuts and cheese. It is one of the chemical compounds responsible for bad breath and the smell of flatus. Methanethiol is the simplest thiol and is sometimes abbreviated as MeSH. It is very flammable.
์•„์ด์†Œ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: isonicotinic acid)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด C5H4N(CO2H)์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. 4-ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid) ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜-4-์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: pyridine-4-carboxylic acid)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์‚ฐ์€ 4๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์— ์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์‚ฐ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋กœ 2๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์— ์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ 3๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์— ์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Cathinone (; also known as benzoylethanamine, or ฮฒ-keto-amphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (khat) and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine, methcathinone and other amphetamines. It is probably the main contributor to the stimulant effect of Catha edulis, also known as khat. Cathinone differs from many other amphetamines in that it has a ketone functional group. Other phenethylamines that share this structure include the stimulants methcathinone, MDPV, mephedrone and the antidepressant bupropion.
์‚ฌ๋ฅด์ฝ”์‹ (Sarcosine) ๋˜๋Š” N-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธ€๋ผ์ด์‹ (N-methylglycine)์€ ๊ธ€๋ผ์ด์‹ ์˜ ์ฏ”๋น„ํ„ฐ ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์†Œ 1๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ 1๊ฐœ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์ด์ฐจ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ผ์ด์‹  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
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5-Hydroxytryptophan is a natural product found in Panaeolus semiovatus and Solanum lycopersicum with data available.
๋‹ค์ด์•„์ง€๋…ผ(Diazinon)์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰~์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์˜ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ์„œ 1952๋…„ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… Ciba-Geigy(์ดํ›„ ๋…ธ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์Šค, ์‹ ์  ํƒ€)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ‹ฐ์˜ค์ธ์‚ฐ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ƒ์ฃผํ˜•์˜ ์Œ์‹์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์–‘์ข€, ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ, ๋ฒผ๋ฃฉ์„ ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋น„ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ธ์‚ฐ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด์•„์ง€๋…ผ์€ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด์•„์ง€๋…ผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2004๋…„์— ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋†์—…์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์Šน์ธ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Preuroporphyrinogen is a member of bilanes. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a preuroporphyrinogen(8-).
์—ํ‹ฐ์˜จ(ethion, C9H22O4P2S4)์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ธ์‚ฐ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜จ์€ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ด ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Bradykinin is a linear nonapeptide messenger belonging to the kinin group of proteins, with amino acid sequence RPPGFSPFR. Enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood, it is a powerful vasodilator that causes smooth muscle contraction, and may mediate inflammation. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite and a vasodilator agent. It is a tautomer of a bradykinin(2+).
๋ณด๋ ˆ์ธ(borane, BH3)์€ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์™€ ๋ถ•์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ BH3์ด๋‹ค. ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ณด๋ ˆ์ธ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฐ์œ„ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Choline is a natural product found in Amaranthus hybridus, Leonurus japonicus, and other organisms with data available.
์ฝœ๋ฆฐ(choline)์€ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™”, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์‹œํ‹ด๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค.
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Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O. It is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. It is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol. It is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol. DEG is a widely used solvent. It can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant. DEG has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products. Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.
์นดํŽ˜์‹œํƒ€๋นˆ(Capecitabine)์€ ์ ค๋กœ๋‹ค(Xeloda)๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ, ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”, ์œ„์•”, ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์•”์ œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ข…์ข… ๋„์„ธํƒ์…€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณตํ†ต, ๊ตฌํ† , ์„ค์‚ฌ, ์‡ ์•ฝ, ๋ฐœ์ง„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์‘๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๋ณ‘์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์นดํŽ˜์‹œํƒ€๋นˆ์€ 5-ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์šฐ๋ผ์‹ค(5-FU)๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 5-FU ๋ฐ ํ…Œ๊ฐ€ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์‹œํƒ€๋นˆ์€ 1992๋…„์— ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  1998๋…„์— ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Thymol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. It has a role as a volatile oil component. It is a member of phenols and a monoterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene.
๊ตฌ์•„์ดํŽ˜๋„ค์‹ (Guaifenesin)์€ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ฆด ๊ตฌ์•„์ด์•„์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ(glyceryl guaiacolate)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,์ธ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„์—์„œ ์ ์•ก์„ ๊ฐ€๋ผ ์•‰ํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์นจ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. 6์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์•„์ดํŽ˜๋„ค์‹ ์€ ์ง„ํ•ด๊ฑฐ๋‹ด์ œ(๊ฐ€๋ž˜์•ฝ)์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Clotrimazole is a natural product found in Aspergillus banksianus and Talaromyces stipitatus with data available.
ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œํด๋กœ๋กœํ€ธ(Hydroxychloroquine)์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ผ€๋‹(Plaquenil)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์•ฝ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜๋จธํ‹ฐ์Šค ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ๋ฃจํ‘ธ์Šค ๋ฐ ๋งŒ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ํฌ๋ฅดํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ-19์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Phenolphthalein is a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one.
์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ(็ช’้…ธ้นฝ)์€ ๊ธˆ์† ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์— ๋…น์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์— ๋…น์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐํ™”์ œยทํ™”ํ•™ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ์œ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์— ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ (NO3-)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ(ํ˜น์€ ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ)๋“ฑ ์งˆ์‚ฐ๊ท ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•„์งˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹ :
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Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine, and in the roots of several other members of the Fabaceae. It was the first-described member of the family of chemical compounds known as rotenoids. Rotenone is approved for use as a piscicide to remove alien fish species, see Uses. It has also been used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, but its use as an insecticide has been banned in many countries.
์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ(์˜์–ด: benzyl acetate) ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์ด C9H10O2์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ๋ฒค์งˆ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ณผ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ถ•ํ•ฉ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์พŒํ•œ ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ์žฌ์Šค๋ฏผ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ž‘์ผ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๋„ค๋กค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—์„ผ์…œ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ์žฌ์Šค๋ฏผ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ’๊ธด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ–ฅ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์จ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™”์žฅํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ๋กœ์…˜, ํ—ค์–ด ํฌ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ผ€์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์žฌ์Šค๋ฏผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์–ด ํŠน์ • ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ชฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์–‘๋ด‰์—์„œ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฌ์Šค๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฝƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ์ผ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฒค์งˆ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ, ์ˆ˜์ง€, ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค, ์งˆ์‚ฐ ์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค, ์˜ค์ผ, ๋ž˜์ปค์˜ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Dexamethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of some forms of cancer), and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis. In adrenocortical insufficiency, it may be used in combination with a mineralocorticoid medication such as fludrocortisone. In preterm labor, it may be used to improve outcomes in the baby. It may be given by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, as an injection into a vein, as a topical cream or ointment for the skin or as a topical ophthalmic solution to the eye. The effects of dexamethasone are frequently seen within a day and last for about three days. The long-term use of dexamethasone may result in thrush, bone loss, cataracts, easy bruising, or muscle weakness. It is in pregnancy category C in the United States, meaning that it should only be used when the benefits are predicted to be greater than the risks. In Australia, the oral use is category A, meaning it has been frequently used in pregnancy and not been found to cause problems to the baby. It should not be taken when breastfeeding. Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. Dexamethasone was first synthesized in 1957 by Philip Showalter Hench and was approved for medical use in 1958. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 260th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. It is available as a generic medication.
ํ† ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (์˜์–ด: Tobramycin)์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ๋ฏธ์„ธ์Šค ํ…Œ๋„ค๋ธŒ๋ผ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค(Streptomyces tenebrarius)์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ณ„์—ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ท , ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์Šˆ๋„๋ชจ๋‚˜์Šค์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ข์€๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ํฌ๋„์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ท  ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์–‘์„ฑ๊ท , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1955๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์›๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1974๋…„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2021๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 50๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด, ์ „์ฒด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ 299๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Thiocyanate is a pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a pseudohalide anion and a sulfur molecular entity. It is a conjugate base of an isothiocyanic acid and a thiocyanic acid.
ํ”ผ๋‚˜์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ(Finasteride)๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์Šค์นด(Proscar), ํ”„๋กœํŽ˜์‹œ์•„(Propecia) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ๋น„๋Œ€์ฆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑํ˜• ํƒˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ๋ชจ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํฌ๊ท€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• , ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๊ฐ€์Šด ๋น„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ด์ƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋‚˜์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” 5ฮฑ ํ™˜์› ํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ์ „๋ฆฝ์ƒ˜๊ณผ ๋‘ํ”ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์„ฑํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ธ ๋””ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก (DHT)์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ 5ฮฑ ํ™˜์› ํšจ์†Œ ์ค‘ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ DHT ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 70%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋‚˜์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” 1992๋…„ ์ „๋ž์„  ๋น„๋Œ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1997๋…„ ํƒˆ๋ชจ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Sulfamethoxazole is an isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antiinfective agent, an epitope, an EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent, a P450 inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a drug allergen. It is a sulfonamide, a member of isoxazoles, a substituted aniline and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide.
์‹œํด๋กœํ—ฅ์‚ฌ๋…ผ(Cyclohexanone) ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœํ—ฅ์‚ฌ๋…ผ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ (CH2)5CO๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์ผ€ํ†ค ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌํ˜• ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์œ ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฒค์ฆˆ์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œํด๋กœํ—ฅ์‚ฌ๋…ผ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์—ฐํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์„ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœํ—ฅ์‚ฌ๋…ผ์€ ๋ฌผ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์šฉํ•ด๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋งค์™€ ์„ž์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Urea is a carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). It has a role as a flour treatment agent, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a fertilizer. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide and a one-carbon compound. It is functionally related to a carbonic acid. It is a tautomer of a carbamimidic acid.
๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์„คํŒŒ์ด๋“œ(์˜์–ด: dimethyl sulfide)๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™ฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Mebendazole is a carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. It has a role as an antinematodal drug, a tubulin modulator and a microtubule-destabilising agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles, a carbamate ester and an aromatic ketone. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-benzimidazole.
์Šคํผ๋ฏผ(Spermine)์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„ํ•ต์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ์ด๋‹ค. ์Šคํผ๋ฏผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋Š” ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  pH์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์˜จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์Šคํผ๋ฏผ์€ ํ•ต์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํผ๋ฏผ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์•ˆํ†ค ํŒ ๋ ˆ์ด์šฐ์—”ํ›…์— ์˜ํ•ด 1678๋…„ ์ •์•ก์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํผ๋ฏผ์€ ์ •์•ก์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค.
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Methylmalonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a malonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a methylmalonate(1-).
ํ”ผํŽ˜๋ผ์ง„(/paimpหˆpษ›rษ™ziหn/)์€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” 6์› ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผํŽ˜๋ผ์ง„์€ ์—ผ๋ถ„ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ์กฐํ•ด์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํŽ˜๋ผ์ง„์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ”ผํŽ˜๋ผ์ง„ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
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Sulfur trioxide is a sulfur oxide.
์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  (์˜์–ด: ethylbenzene)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C6H5CH2CH3์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒค์  ์— ์—ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ(-C2H5)๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ๊ณผ ๋ฒค์  ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2012๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ์˜ 99% ์ด์ƒ์ด ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์Šคํƒ€์ด๋ Œ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„๋œ๋‹ค.
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Bradykinin is a linear nonapeptide messenger belonging to the kinin group of proteins, with amino acid sequence RPPGFSPFR. Enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood, it is a powerful vasodilator that causes smooth muscle contraction, and may mediate inflammation. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite and a vasodilator agent. It is a tautomer of a bradykinin(2+).
์—ํƒ๋ถ€ํ†จ(EMB ๋˜๋Š” E)์€ ์„ธ๊ท  ๋ฐœ์œก์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ํ•ญ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ฝ์€ ์ด์†Œ๋‹ˆ์•„์ง€๋“œ, ๋ฆฌํŒœํ”ผ์‹ , ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, '๋งˆ์ด์•”๋ถ€ํ†จ' ๋˜๋Š” 'Servambutol'์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค.
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Thionyl chloride is a sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines. It is a sulfinyl halide and a chlorine molecular entity.
ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ(โ†์˜์–ด: Fluorine ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์–ด๋ฆฐ[*]) ๋˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฅด(โ†๋…์ผ์–ด: Fluor ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค์–ด[*]) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์†Œ(ๅผ—็ด โ†์ผ๋ณธ์–ด: ใƒ•ใƒƒ็ด  ํ›—์†Œ[*])๋Š” ํ• ๋กœ์  ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ์›์†Œ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š” F(โ†๋ผํ‹ด์–ด: Fluorum ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฃธ[*]), ์›์ž ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋Š” 9์ด๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ์˜…์€ ํ™ฉ๋ก์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ• ๋กœ์   ์›์†Œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋งน๋…๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
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Bromomethane is a one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. It has a role as a fumigant insecticide, a marine metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a member of methyl halides, a member of bromomethanes and a bromohydrocarbon.
๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ชจ๋ฉ”ํƒ„(Bromomethane) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋กฌํ™” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ(methyl bromide)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ CH3Br์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ฏผ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌด์ƒ‰๋ฌด์ทจ์˜ ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. 4๋ฉด์ฒด ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์˜ค์กด ํŒŒ๊ดด ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋œ๋‹ค. ๋†์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ฒ ํšŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Ammonium fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4F. It crystallizes as small colourless prisms, having a sharp saline taste, and is highly soluble in water. Like all fluoride salts, it is moderately toxic in both acute and chronic overdose.
์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์Šด์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: chorismic acid)์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์Œ์ด์˜จ์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์Šด์‚ฐ์—ผ(์˜์–ด: chorismate)์ด๋‹ค.
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Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has catalogued more than 140 PLP-dependent activities, corresponding to ~4% of all classified activities. The versatility of PLP arises from its ability to covalently bind the substrate, and then to act as an electrophilic catalyst, thereby stabilizing different types of carbanionic reaction intermediates.
์—ํ† ์„์‹œ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž๋ก ํ‹ด(Zarontin)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์‹  ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœํ”„๋กœ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ํ† ์„์‹œ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ํ† ์„์‹œ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์•ฝ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹์š• ๋ถ€์ง„, ๋ณตํ†ต, ์„ค์‚ฌ, ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์‚ด ์ถฉ๋™, ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆ, ํ™๋ฐ˜์„ฑ ๋ฃจํ‘ธ์Šค ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ํƒœ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์—ํ† ์„์‹œ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์„์‹ ์ด๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ณ„์—ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค ํ›„ Tํ˜• ์ „์•• ๊ฐœํ ์นผ์Š˜ ํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ž‘์šฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ์—ํ† ์„์‹œ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” 1960๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ํ† ์„์‹œ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค. 2019๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋‹ดํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Acenaphthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derived from naphthalene by the addition of an ethylene bridge connecting C-1 and C-8.
์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  (์˜์–ด: urobilinogen)์€ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ์˜ ํ™˜์› ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์€ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์˜ ์•ฝ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ„๋ฌธ๋งฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฝฉํŒฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฉํ˜ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ์€ ์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜(๊ฐ์—ผ ๋“ฑ)์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‚ด ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์–ด ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์€ ์†Œ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์˜ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์ฝ”๋นŒ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์›๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์ฝ”๋นŒ๋ฆฐ์€ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์— ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์€ ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์ฝ”๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์›๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์ฝ”๋นŒ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์‚ฐํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์žฅ๊ฐ„์ˆœํ™˜ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์   ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ด๋„ ํ์‡„์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณต์•ก ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ์€ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์–‘์˜ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์€ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์†Œ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์–‘์€ ์ ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์šฉํ•ด์„ฑ ๊ณต์•ก ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ์€ ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฝฉํŒฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ๋‹ด๋„ ํ์‡„์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ƒ‰์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€๊ณผ ์—ท์€ ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ์ƒ‰์„ฑ ํ™ฉ๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ์˜ ์ด๋™ ํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ํ์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์   ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ). ์†Œ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์   ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์ธ ํšจ์†Œ์„ฑ ํ™ฉ๋‹ฌ(๊ณ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์ฆ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ) ๋˜๋Š” ์—ผํ™” ์•”๋ชจ๋Š„์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์Šค์ฝ”๋ฅด๋ธŒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์Šน๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์šฉํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ(์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด), ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ์œ ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์žฌํก์ˆ˜(ํฐ ํ˜ˆ์ข…), ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ œํ•œ, ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์—ผ, ์ค‘๋…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ฆ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Chlorous acid is a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorite.
๋ฉœ๋ผ๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: melamine[mหˆelษ™mหŒiหn], ๋…์ผ์–ด: Melamin)์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์—ผ๊ธฐ(์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ)์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ C3H6N6์ด๊ณ , IUPAC ์ด๋ฆ„์€ 1,3,5-ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์ง„-2,4,6-ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine)์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ์˜จ์˜ ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„(1๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์— ์•ฝ 3g) ๋…น์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž˜ ๋…น๋Š”๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 345 ยฐC ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋ฏผ์€ ์‚ฌ์ด์•ˆ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ(cyanamide)์˜ 3์ค‘ํ™”ํ•ฉ์ฒด(trimer)์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ด์•ˆ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 66%๊ฐ€ ์งˆ์†Œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ ˆ์ง„์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ์— ์“ฐ์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ด์•ˆ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์ฒด(dimer)์ธ 2์‚ฌ์ด์•ˆ2์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ(dicyandiamide, ๋˜๋Š” cyanoguanidine)๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋ฏผ์€ ํฌ์œ  ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์ธ ์‹œ๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„(cyromazine)์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค(metabolite). ์‹๋ฌผ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„์„ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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2-aminothiophenol is an aryl thiol that is thiophenol substituted at position 2 by an amino group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a substituted aniline and an aryl thiol.
2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€(์˜์–ด: 2-aminothiophenol)์€ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์ด C6H4(SH)(NH2)์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™ฉ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์ˆœํ•œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์œ ์„ฑ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋งค์™€ ๋ฌผ์— ์šฉํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค. 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€์€ ๋ฒค์กฐ์‹ธ์ด์•„์กธ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒค์กฐ์‹ธ์ด์•„์กธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” 3-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€ ๋ฐ 4-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€์€ ์•„๋‹๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์ดํ™ฉํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ 2-๋จธ์บ…ํ† ๋ฒค์กฐ์‹ธ์ด์•„์กธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด์˜ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽ˜๋†€์€ 2-๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ๋ฒค์  ์„คํฌ๋‹ ํด๋กœ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์•„์—ฐ ํ™˜์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Imatinib is a benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid with the primary aromatic amino group of 4-methyl-N(3)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine. Used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a N-methylpiperazine, a member of pyridines, a member of benzamides, an aromatic amine and a member of pyrimidines. It is functionally related to a benzamide.
ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆญ์‚ฐ(Hydroxycitric acid, HCA)์€ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์บ„๋ณด์ง€์•„๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๊ถํ™”์†๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ (+)-(-)-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆญ ์‚ฐ,(+)-(-)-allo-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆญ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. (-)-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์‹œํŠธ๋ฆญ์‚ฐ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์—ด๋งค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Cubane is a polyhedrane.
ํ๋ฒ ์ธ(Cubane, ์ฟ ๋ฐ˜, ๋ถ„์ž์‹: C8H8)์€ 8๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์œก๋ฉด์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž์— ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋‹ค. IUPAC ๋ช…๋ช…๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฒ ์ธ(cubane)์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ฟผ๋“œ๋ฆฌํ”„๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฉ”์ธ(quadriprismane), ๋˜๋Š” ํŽœํƒ€์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ[4.2.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]์˜ฅํƒ„ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” 1.29 g/cm3, ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์€ 104.15g/mol์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ํˆฌ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋…น๋Š”์ ์€ ์„ญ์”จ 131๋„์ด๋‹ค. ํ๋ฒ ์ธ๊ณผ ์ด์— ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํ๋ฒ ์ธ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž์˜ 90๋„๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์€ ์ ‘ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ๋ฒ ์ธ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ฅํƒ€๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœํ๋ฒ ์ธ๊ณผ ํ—ตํƒ€๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœํ๋ฒ ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ยท๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํญ์•ฝ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ํ๋ฒ ์ธ์€ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ๋ฒ ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
1
Erbium is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.
์ฝ”์นด์ธ(์˜์–ด: cocaine)์€ ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C17H21NO4์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ฝ”๋กœ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์›Œ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋…น์—ฌ์„œ ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜, ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ, ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋•€ ํ˜๋ฆผ, ๋™๊ณต ํ™•์žฅ ๋”ฐ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ์••์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒด์˜จ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด 5๋ถ„์—์„œ 90๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋งˆ์ทจ๋‚˜ ์ฝ” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์šฉ๋„ ๋“ฑ ์˜ํ•™์  ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘, ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰, (์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ํ ์งˆํ™˜, ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋งˆ์ทจ์ œ, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ถ„, ํ€ด๋‹Œ, ์„คํƒ• ๋”ฐ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์„ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํ”ผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ, ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ์˜ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‡Œ ์†์—์„œ ์ด ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋‡Œ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋‡Œ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„์—๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ 419kg์˜ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 1000 ~ 5000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๋ž™ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ์— ์ด์–ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค๋…„ 1400~2100๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ์ˆœ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ค‘ 1~3%๋Š” ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์— ์†๋Œ€ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„์— ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ 4300๋ช…์ด ์ˆจ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” 1990๋…„์˜ 2400๋ช…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์›๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ธ ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฃจ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์—์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1860๋…„์˜ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. 1961๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผํ˜‘์•ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Zalcitabine is a pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. It has a role as an antiviral drug, an antimetabolite and a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆด๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: vanillylmandelic acid, VMA)์€ ์ธ๊ณต ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ผ ํ–ฅ๋ฃŒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ์•„๋ฏผ(๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ, ์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆด๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Zalcitabine is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available.
์•„์ด์†Œํ”„๋ Œ(์˜์–ด: isoprene) ๋˜๋Š” 2-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ-1,3-๋ทฐํƒ€๋‹ค์ด์—”(์˜์–ด: 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด CH2CH2์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œํ”„๋ Œ์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œํ”„๋ Œ์€ ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œํ”„๋ Œ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ(์ธ๊ฐ„ ํฌํ•จ)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„์ด์†Œํ”„๋ Œ์˜ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. 1960๋…„์— ์ฐฐ์Šค ๊ทธ๋ ˆ๋นŒ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„์Šค(Charles Greville Williams)๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„์ด์†Œํ”„๋ Œ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„์Šค๋Š” ์•„์ด์†Œํ”„๋ Œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‹์ด C5H8์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
0
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics. It is a colourless solid which is soluble in most common organic solvents, but has very poor solubility in water. BPA is produced on an industrial scale by the condensation reaction of phenol and acetone. Global production in 2022 was estimated to be in the region of 10 million tonnes. BPA's largest single application is as a co-monomer in the production of polycarbonates, which accounts for 65โ€“70% of all BPA production. The manufacturing of epoxy resins and vinyl ester resins account for 25โ€“30% of BPA use. The remaining 5% is used as a major component of several high-performance plastics, and as a minor additive in PVC, polyurethane, thermal paper, and several other materials. It is not a plasticizer, although it is often wrongly labelled as such. The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate. BPA is a xenoestrogen, exhibiting hormone-like properties that mimic the effects of estrogen in the body. Although the effect is very weak, the pervasiveness of BPA-containing materials raises concerns, as exposure is effectively lifelong. Many BPA-containing materials are non-obvious but commonly encountered, and include coatings for the inside of food cans, clothing designs, shop receipts, and dental fillings. BPA has been investigated by public health agencies in many countries, as well as by the World Health Organization. While normal exposure is below the level currently associated with risk, several jurisdictions have taken steps to reduce exposure on a precautionary basis, in particular by banning BPA from baby bottles. There is some evidence that BPA exposure in infants has decreased as a result of this. BPA-free plastics have also been introduced, which are manufactured using alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, but there is also controversy around whether these are actually safer.
์‹ฌ๋ฐ”์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด(Simvastatin, ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…: Zocor ๋“ฑ)์€ ์ง€์งˆ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์•ฝ์ œ์ด๋‹ค ์ง€์งˆ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šด๋™, ์‹์ด์กฐ์ ˆ, ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณ€๋น„, ๋‘ํ†ต, ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก ๋ถ•๊ดด, ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜, ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ์•„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ์œ  ์ˆ˜์œ  ์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๋ฐ”์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด์€ 1980๋…„ Merck์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1992๋…„ ์˜ํ•™์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” 2014๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ผ US$0.01 ~ 0.12์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ผ์ผ US$0.50 ~ 1.00 ์‚ฌ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๋ฐ”์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด์€ ์•„์ŠคํŽ˜๋ฅด๊ธธ๋ฃจ์Šคํ…Œ๋ ˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. 2016๋…„, 6,500๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 8๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Hexadecane is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Vanilla madagascariensis, and other organisms with data available.
๋ธ๋ผ๋น„๋ฅด๋”˜(Delavirdine)(DLV)(์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช… Rescriptor)์€ ViiV Healthcare์—์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ ๋‰ดํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์‹œ๋“œ ์—ญ์ „์‚ฌ ํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ(NNRTI)์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(HIV)1ํ˜• ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ™œ์„ฑ ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์š”๋ฒ•(HAART)์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์‹ค๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ(mesylate) ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ์žฅ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 3๋ฒˆ 400mg์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ๋ธ๋ผ๋น„๋ฅด๋”˜(Delavirdine)์€ 1997๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํšจ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ NNRI๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ(ํŠนํžˆ ์—ํŒŒ๋น„๋ Œ์ฆˆ(efavirenz)), ํˆฌ์•ฝ์ผ์ •๋„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ DHHS๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. NNRTIํด๋ž˜์Šค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ต์ฐจ ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์„ธํŠธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ œ์š”๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ธ๋ผ๋น„๋ฅด๋”˜(Delavirdine)์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Triclosan is an aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a fungicide, an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor, an antimalarial, an EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor, a xenobiotic, a persistent organic pollutant and a drug allergen. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether, a dichlorobenzene and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
๋‹ค์ดํŽ˜๋‹์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœํ”„๋กœํŽœ์˜จ(Diphenylcyclopropenone, DCP ๋˜๋Š” DPCP) ๋˜๋Š” ๋””ํŽœ์‹œํ”„๋ก (Diphencyprone)์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์š”๋ฒ•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์†Œํˆฌ์—ฌ์ œ์ด์ž ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์•”์„ฑ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์กด์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Dihydroxyacetone ( ; DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula C3H6O3. DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin.
ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜(์˜์–ด: histidine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: His ๋˜๋Š” H)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ๋‹ค์กธ(๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋จ)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  pH์—์„œ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ค ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ CAU, CAC ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ 1896๋…„์— ๋…์ผ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์ธ ์•Œ๋ธŒ๋ ˆํžˆํŠธ ์ฝ”์…€๊ณผ ์Šค๋ฒค ๊ตฌ์Šคํƒ€ํ”„ ํ—ค๋”˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์˜ ์•„์‹ค ๋ผ๋””์นผ์€ ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”œ(์˜์–ด: histidyl)์ด๋‹ค.
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1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (dibromochloropropane), better known as DBCP, is the organic compound with the formula BrCH(CH2Br)(CH2Cl). It is a dense colorless liquid although commercial samples often appear amber or even brown. It is the active ingredient in the nematicide Nemagon, also known as Fumazone. It is a soil fumigant formerly used in American agriculture. In mammals, it causes male sterility at high levels of exposure. After discovery of its deleterious health effects on humans, the compound was banned from use in 1979 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The continuing presence of the chemical as a contaminant in ground water remains a problem for many communities for years after end of use.
์‹œ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ๋”˜(Cimetidine)์€ ์œ„์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์œ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ, ์œ„์—ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„๊ถค์–‘ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ „๋ฌธ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ H2 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ (H2-receptor antagonist) ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช… ํƒ€๊ฐ€๋ฉ”ํŠธ(Tagamet)๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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L-methionine is the L-enantiomer of methionine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an antidote to paracetamol poisoning, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an aspartate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a methionine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-methioninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-methioninate. It is an enantiomer of a D-methionine. It is a tautomer of a L-methionine zwitterion.
ํŠธ๋ผ์ดํด๋กœ๋กœ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ(trichloroethylene, IUPAC์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„: trichloroethene)์€ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—… ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ• ๋กœ๊ฒํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ํด๋กœ๋กœํ…์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ 1, 1, 1-ํŠธ๋ฆฌํด๋กœ๋กœ์—ํƒ„๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” TCE, trichlor, Trike, Tricky, tri ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Trimar์™€ Trilene ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ผ์ดํด๋กœ๋กœ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ์€ ํ™˜์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋งˆ์ทจ์ œ๋กœ์„œ, ๋˜ ํก์ž… ์กฐ์‚ฐ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ผ์ดํด๋กœ๋กœ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์™€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๋ฒ•์ • ์†Œ์†ก์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋‹ซ์•˜๋‹ค.
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Cystathionine is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine from homocysteine. It is produced by the transsulfuration pathway and is converted into cysteine by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH). Biosynthetically, cystathionine is generated from homocysteine and serine by cystathionine beta synthase (upper reaction in the diagram below). It is then cleaved into cysteine and ฮฑ-ketobutyrate by cystathionine gamma-lyase (lower reaction). An excess of cystathionine in the urine is called cystathioninuria. Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), and sulfinoalanine decarboxylase can turn cysteine into hypotaurine and then taurine. Alternately, the cysteine from the cystathionine gamma-lyase can be used by the enzymes glutamateโ€“cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) to produce glutathione.
ํฌ์Šค์นด๋ฅด๋„คํŠธ(Foscarnet, phosphonomethanoic acid)๋Š” ํฌ์Šค์นด๋น„์–ด(Foscavir)๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ๋กœ, ํ—ค๋ฅดํŽ˜์Šค๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ณผ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋กœ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ DNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์Šค์นด๋ฅด๋„คํŠธ๋Š” HO2CPO3H2(ํฌ์Šคํฌ๋…ธํฌ๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ ์‚ผ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ)์˜ ์ง์—ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. 1991๋…„ ์˜ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
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Antimony pentafluoride is an antimony molecular entity and an inorganic fluoride salt. It has a role as a Lewis acid and a NMR solvent.
๋””์˜ฅ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜(์˜์–ด: deoxythymidine, dT)์€ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜ค์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜์€ ์ด์ค‘๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ DNA์—์„œ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ๊ณผ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์Œ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” DNA์˜ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜ค์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜์€ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œ G1๊ธฐ ๋ฐ S๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์ธ ์•„์ง€๋„ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜(AZT)์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ฒญ์–ด์˜ ์ •์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋”˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ DNA์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, tRNA์˜ T-ํŒ”์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a raffinose family oligosaccharide and a trisaccharide.
ํ†จ๋ฃจ์—”(toluene ์˜์–ด: IPA: [tษ‘ฬljuรฌหn] ํƒˆ๋ฅ˜์ธ[*])์€ ํ†จ๋ฃจ์˜ฌ(toluol), ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  (methylbenzene), ํŽ˜๋‹๋ฉ”ํƒ„(phenylmethane)๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋„ˆ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์šฉ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ, ๋ฒค์  ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ, ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ์“ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C7H8(C6H5CH3)์ด๋‹ค ํ†จ๋ฃจ์—”์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ C6H5CH3๋กœ ๋ฒค์   ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— CH3๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ธํฌ๋ž˜ํ”„ํŠธ ์•Œํ‚ฌํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2-ํด๋กœ๋กœ์—ํƒ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ•œ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜ ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํŠธ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœํ†จ๋ฃจ์—”(TNT)์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Trimethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an methyl group. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a tertiary amine and a member of methylamines. It is a conjugate base of a trimethylammonium.
์žฅ๋‡Œ(ๆจŸ่…ฆ, ์˜์–ด: camphor) ๋˜๋Š” ์บ„ํฌ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ์ƒ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ƒ‰๊น”์˜ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋กœ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C10H16O์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„(ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค๋‚˜ ํƒ€์ด์™„ ๋“ฑ์ง€)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ก์ˆ˜์ธ ์žฅ๋‡Œ์ˆ˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์˜ ์šฉ๋‡Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์žฌ์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ง๋ฆฐ ๋กœ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฅ˜๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 20%์˜ ์žฅ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ ˆ๋นˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์š”๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(์ฃผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ) ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์ œ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…๊ต ์˜์‹์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Acrylamide (or acrylic amide) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2=CHC(O)NH2. It is a white odorless solid, soluble in water and several organic solvents. From the chemistry perspective, acrylamide is a vinyl-substituted primary amide (CONH2). It is produced industrially mainly as a precursor to polyacrylamides, which find many uses as water-soluble thickeners and flocculation agents. Acrylamide forms in burnt areas of food, particularly starchy foods like potatoes, when cooked with high heat, above 120 ยฐC (248 ยฐF). Despite health scares following its discovery in 2002, and its classification as a probable carcinogen, acrylamide from diet is thought unlikely to cause cancer in humans; Cancer Research UK categorized the idea that eating burnt food causes cancer as a "myth".
๋””๋ฉ”๋ฅด์นดํ”„๋กค(Dimercaprol) ํ˜น์€ BAL(British Anti-Lewsite์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด)๋Š” ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „๋•Œ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋””๋ฉ”๋ฅด์นดํ”„๋กค์€ ๋ฃจ์ด์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•ด๋…์ œ๋กœ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณง ๋น„์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•ญ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋””๋ฉ”๋ฅด์นดํ”„๋กค์€ ๋น„์†Œ, ์ˆ˜์€, ๋‚ฉ, ๊ธˆ, ์•ˆํ‹ฐ๋ชจ๋‹ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ค‘๋…์˜ ํ•ด๋…์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋””๋ฉ”๋ฅด์นดํ”„๋กค์„ ๋ชธ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋Š” ์œŒ์Šจ๋ณ‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
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Uracil is a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4. Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. It has a role as a prodrug, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an allergen. It is a pyrimidine nucleobase and a pyrimidone. It is a tautomer of a (4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one.
๋‘˜์‹ (Dulcin)์€ ์„คํƒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 250๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋‹จ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฉฐ, 1883๋…„ ํด๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ž ์กฐ์ œํ”„(Jรณzef Berlinerblau, 1859๋…„ 8์›” 27์ผ ~ 1935๋…„)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 7๋…„ ๋’ค ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ ์ดํ›„ ๋‹จ์ง€ 5๋…„ ๋’ค์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ›„์ž์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์  ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ง›๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋์˜ ์“ด ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์˜ํ•™ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋น„์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์— ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ(FDA)์˜ 1951๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ดํ›„ 1954๋…„ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Strychnine (, STRIK-neen, -โ nin, US chiefly -โ nyne) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree.
์•Œํ”„๋ผ์กธ๋žŒ(์˜์–ด: Alprazolam)์€ ์ž๋‚™์Šค(Xanax), Niravam ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฒค์กฐ๋””์•„์ œํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์ •์ œ๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ฆ, ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์• , ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ฆ์— ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์•Œํ”„๋ผ์กธ๋žŒ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์™„ํ™”, ์ง„์ •, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์•  ์™„ํ™”, ํ•ญ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ž‘์šฉ, ๊ทผ์œก ์ด์™„๋“ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œํ”„๋ผ์กธ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒค์กฐ๋””์•„์ œํ•€๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ฝํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ GABA ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  GABA ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œํ”„๋ผ์กธ๋žŒ์„ ์Šต๊ด€์  ํ˜น์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฒค์กฐ๋””์•„์ œํ•€ ์ค‘๋…์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์˜์กด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์—์„  ์•Œํ”„๋ผ์กธ๋žŒ์„ ๋งˆ์•ฝ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition. Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats. It is taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein). It can also be used with other blood pressure medications. Common side effects include feeling tired, heart failure, dizziness, depression, and shortness of breath. Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm. Use is not recommended during pregnancy and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding. It works by blocking ฮฒ1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing heart rate, force of heart beats, and blood pressure. Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 63rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.
์—ผํ™” ์•Œ๋ฆด(Allyl chloride)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ CH2=CHCH2Cl์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ๋…น์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋งค์—๋Š” ๋…น๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ํ”ผํด๋กœ๋กœํžˆ๋“œ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋ Œ์˜ ์—ผ์†Œํ™” ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•Œํ‚ฌํ™”์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค.
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Minoxidil is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss. It is an antihypertensive and a vasodilator. It is available as a generic medication by prescription in oral tablet form and over the counter as a topical liquid or foam.
๋””ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: dehydroacetic acid)์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ํ”ผ๋ก  ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ทจ, ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ๋‚ด์ง€ ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋ง๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์— ๋…น์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋งค์— ์ ๋‹นํžˆ ์šฉํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค.
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Propyphenazone is a pyrazolone derivative that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an isopropyl group. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic and a peripheral nervous system drug. It is functionally related to an antipyrine.
๋ฉ”ํ† ํ”„๋กœ๋กค(metoprolol)์€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€1-์„ ํƒ์„ฑ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ(ฮฒ1-selective adrenalic receptor antagonist)์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์— ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Cholesterol is a natural product found in Acanthus ilicifolius, Amaranthus hybridus, and other organisms with data available.
์ด์‚ฐํ™” ๋ง๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ(Manganese dioxide, Manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2)๋Š” ๊ธˆํ™์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ถ„๋ง์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ด๋กœ๋ฃจ์Šค๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฐฉ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ฃจํ‹ธํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋…น์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌฝ์€ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™˜์›์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™˜์›๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ์นผ๋ฅจ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”๋ง๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด์‚ฐํ™”๋ง๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ „๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํ›„์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„๋งŒ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ด‰๋งค๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ, ๋ง๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ, ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ, ์œ ์•ฝ, ์„ฑ๋ƒฅ, ์ „์ง€, ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ณต์—…, ๋ณด์ผ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Uridine (symbol U or Urd) is a glycosylated pyrimidine analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, a ribofuranose) via a ฮฒ-N1-glycosidic bond. The analog is one of the five standard nucleosides which make up nucleic acids, the others being adenosine, thymidine, cytidine and guanosine. The five nucleosides are commonly abbreviated to their symbols, U, A, dT, C, and G, respectively. However, thymidine is more commonly written as 'dT' ('d' represents 'deoxy') as it contains a 2'-deoxyribofuranose moiety rather than the ribofuranose ring found in uridine. This is because thymidine is found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and usually not in ribonucleic acid (RNA). Conversely, uridine is found in RNA and not DNA. The remaining three nucleosides may be found in both RNA and DNA. In RNA, they would be represented as A, C and G whereas in DNA they would be represented as dA, dC and dG.
๋ ˆ์กฐ๋ฅด์‹œ๋†€(Resorcinol)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C6H6O2์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด ๋ฒค์  ๋””์˜ฌ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒค์  ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ, ์•Œ์ฝœ, ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋…น๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํด๋กœ๋กœํฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ดํ™ฉํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ์—๋Š” ๋…น์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
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Agomelatine is a member of acetamides.
์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœํŽœํ…Œ์ธ(cyclopentane) ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œํด๋กœํŽœํƒ„์€ C5H10์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๋ถ„์ž์— ํƒ„์†Œ์›์ž๊ฐ€ 5๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์•Œ์ผ€์ธ์ด๋‹ค.
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Amantadine is a member of the class of adamantanes that is used as an antiviral and antiparkinson drug. It has a role as an antiviral drug, an antiparkinson drug, a dopaminergic agent, an analgesic, a NMDA receptor antagonist and a non-narcotic analgesic. It is a primary aliphatic amine and a member of adamantanes. It is a conjugate base of an adamantan-1-aminium. It derives from a hydride of an adamantane.
ํ”ผ๋กค๋กœํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ ํ€ด๋…ผ(์˜์–ด: pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‚ฌํ‹ด(์˜์–ด: methoxatin)์€ ์‚ฐํ™”ํ™˜์›๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ์ธ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋กค๋กœํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ ํ€ด๋…ผ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์œ ์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ‚ค์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ์‹ ๋ฐ ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋กค๋กœํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ ํ€ด๋…ผ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ€ด๋…ธ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ(์˜์–ด: quinoprotein)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ€ด๋…ธ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํ€ด๋…ธ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ๋Š” ํฌ๋„๋‹น ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋กค๋กœํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ ํ€ด๋…ผ์€ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹์ด ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋กค๋กœํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ ํ€ด๋…ผ์€ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Etravirine (ETR,), sold under the brand name Intelence is an antiretroviral medication used for the treatment of HIV. Etravirine is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Unlike agents in the class, resistance to other NNRTIs does not seem to confer resistance to etravirine. Etravirine is marketed by Janssen, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. In January 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved its use for people with established resistance to other drugs, making it the 30th anti-HIV drug approved in the United States and the first to be approved in 2008. It was also approved for use in Canada in April 2008. Etravirine is licensed in the United States, Canada, Israel, Russia, Australia, New Zealand, and the European Union, and is under regulatory review in Switzerland.
๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋ก์‹ค, ๋‹ˆํŠธ๋ก์‹ค(Nitroxyl), ์•„์ž๋…ผ(azanone, IUPAC ๋ช…์นญ)์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ HNO์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋ก์‹ค์€ ์šฉ์•ก ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ง์—ผ๊ธฐ NOโˆ’ ๋‹ˆํŠธ๋ก์‹œ๋“œ ์Œ์ด์˜จ์€ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ(NO)์˜ ํ™˜์›ํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๋“ฑ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. Hโ€“NO์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” 49.5 kcal/mol์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์†Œ์›์ž ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
0
Lipoic acid (LA), also known as ฮฑ-lipoic acid, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and thioctic acid, is an organosulfur compound derived from caprylic acid (octanoic acid). ALA, which is made in animals normally, is essential for aerobic metabolism. It is also available as a dietary supplement or pharmaceutical drug in some countries. Lipoate is the conjugate base of lipoic acid, and the most prevalent form of LA under physiological conditions. Only the (R)-(+)-enantiomer (RLA) exists in nature. RLA is an essential cofactor of many processes.
๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ฌ(์˜์–ด: methanol, ๋…์ผ์–ด: Methanol), ํ™”ํ•™์‹ CH3OH), ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ •(ๆœจ็ฒพ)์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ฌ์€ ๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ฌ์€ ํ˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€๊ณ , ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Anisole is a natural product found in Tuber melanosporum, Peristeria elata, and other organisms with data available.
์•„๋‹ˆ์†”(Anisole) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ๋ฒค์  (methoxybenzene)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ CH3OC6H5๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์Šค ์”จ์•—์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต ํ–ฅ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ(-CH3)๊ณผ ํŽ˜๋‹๊ธฐ(-C6H5)๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์—ํ„ฐ(-O-)์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์†”์€ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ต์œกํ•™์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์‹œ์•ฝ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„์Šจ ์—ํ„ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจํŽ˜๋…น์‹œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ• ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ์ผœ ์•„๋‹ˆ์†”์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.
1
Ethyl maltol is a pyranone.
๋ฉœ๋ ˆ์น˜ํ† ์Šค(์˜์–ด: melezitose)๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋น„ํ™˜์›์„ฑ ์‚ผ๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ ˆ์น˜ํ† ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํผํ…์…œ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ผํˆฌ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ตํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ ˆ์น˜ํ† ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๋กœ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ ˆ์น˜ํ† ์Šค๋Š” ํฌ๋„๋‹น๊ณผ ํˆฌ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํˆฌ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค.
0
Ethanethiol is an alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks. It has a role as a rodenticide.
์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(์˜์–ด: cholesterol)์€ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์™€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ)์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์งˆ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด๋ฐ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ์–‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. 1784๋…„์— ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‹ด์„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ด์ฆ™๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด chole- ์™€ stereos, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” -ol ์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ ๊ฐ„, ์ฒ™์ˆ˜, ๋‡Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜ˆ์ „์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๊ณผ ์ข‹์€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ €๋ฐ€๋„์ง€์งˆ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ (LDL)๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„์ง€์งˆ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ (HDL)์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ๋•Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด LDL์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด HDL์ด ๋œ๋‹ค (์ง€์งˆ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค). ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 200 mg/dL์ด๋ฉฐ, 240 mg/dL ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, HDL์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋Š” 60 mg/dl์ด์ƒ ์ด๊ณ  LDL์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋Š” 130 mg/dl์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค.
0
Psoralen (also called psoralene) is the parent compound in a family of naturally occurring organic compounds known as the linear furanocoumarins. It is structurally related to coumarin by the addition of a fused furan ring, and may be considered as a derivative of umbelliferone. Psoralen occurs naturally in the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, as well as in the common fig, celery, parsley, West Indian satinwood, and in all citrus fruits. It is widely used in PUVA (psoralen + UVA) treatment for psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; these applications are typically through the use of medications such as Methoxsalen. Many furanocoumarins are extremely toxic to fish, and some are deposited in streams in Indonesia to catch fish.
๋…ธ๋นŒ๋ ˆํ‹ด (Nobiletin)์€ ๊ฐ๊ทค๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ป์งˆ ๋“ฑ์— ๋งŽ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ์„ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ (O-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ)์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค.
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Pseudoephedrine is a member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. It has a role as a sympathomimetic agent, an anti-asthmatic drug, a bronchodilator agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a central nervous system drug, a nasal decongestant, a xenobiotic and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol, a secondary amino compound and a member of phenylethanolamines. It is a conjugate base of a pseudoephedrine(1+).
์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค(์˜์–ด: erythrulose)๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋‹จ๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ด๊ณ , ์ผ€ํ†ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ€ํ† ์Šค์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C4H8O4์ด๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์…€ํ”„ ํƒœ๋‹ ํ™”์žฅํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค์™€ ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธต(๊ฐ์งˆ์ธต๊ณผ ์ƒํ”ผ์ธต)์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋ณ€ ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ด์•ผ๋ฅด ๋ฐ˜์‘(Maillard reaction) ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ์ž์œ  ๋ผ๋””์นผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ด์•ผ๋ฅด ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Œ์‹ ์ค€๋น„ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€ ์ค‘ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ณ€ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ƒ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ธต์˜ ์ƒ‰์†Œ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์™ธ์„ ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค/๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ํƒœ๋‹์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 3์˜ SPF๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ๋งˆํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์นดํ‹ด์นด ์œต์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋œ 2007๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์…€ํ”„ ํƒœ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ํ›„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž์œ  ๋ผ๋””์นผ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ(์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋†๋„์˜ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  40๋ถ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํƒœ์–‘์— ๋…ธ์ถœํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œ  ๋ผ๋””์นผ์ด 140% ๋” ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์ด ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ž๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์…€ํ”„ ํƒœ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ›„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ผ์™ธ ํ™œ๋™์‹œ ์ž์™ธ์„  ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํฌ๋ฆผ์€ ์ž์œ  ๋ผ๋””์นผ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์…€ํ”„ ํƒœ๋„ˆ์—๋Š” ์ž์™ธ์„  ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํƒœ๋‹๋งŒํผ ์ง€์†์ ์ด์ง„ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ž์™ธ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์œ  ๋ผ๋””์นผ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์Šˆํผ์˜ฅ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ(O2โ€ขโˆ’), ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœํผ์˜ฅ์‹ค(HO2โ€ข) ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ข…(ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…(ROS), ํ™œ์„ฑ์งˆ์†Œ์ข…(RNS))์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ผ€ํ† ์•„๋ฏผ(์•„๋งˆ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ(Amadori product))๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ด์•ผ๋ฅด ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ€ํ† ์•„๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž๋™ ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ผ๋””์นผ ์—ฐ์‡„๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๊ณผ๊ฒฉํ•œ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ผ€ํ† ์•„๋ฏผ์€ DNA ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์›์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ž์œ  ๋ผ๋””์นผ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹นํ™” ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ(Advanced Glycation End-products, AGE)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ์•„๋งˆ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ(์ตœ์ข… ๋‹นํ™” ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹นํ™” ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‹Œ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹นํ™” ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ  ๋ผ๋””์นผ ์—ฐ์‡„๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹นํ™” ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋‹นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์—์„œ๋„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€ ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ท  ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ(Gluconobacter)์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐœํšจ์— ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ •์ œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์กฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค์™€ ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์„œ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์ „๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„~48์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ํƒœ๋‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒ‰์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์•„๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํƒœ๋‹๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋น›์ด ๋œ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒ‰์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œ, ํƒœ๋‹ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋” ์ž˜ ํ‡ด์ƒ‰๋˜๊ณ , ํ™”์žฅ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ƒ‰์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ํƒœ๋‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์— 1%~3% ๋†๋„๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์งˆ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃฝ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํƒœ๋‹ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํƒœ๋‹ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2์ผ~10์ผ ์ •๋„ ์ง€์†๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ํƒœ๋‹ ์ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ ๋ณ€์ƒ‰์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋œ๋ฃฉํ•œ ์ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ํƒœ๋‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์…€ํ”„ ํƒœ๋‹ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ , ์–ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค๊ณผ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค๊ณผ ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ(FDA)์—์„œ ์…€ํ”„ ํƒœ๋‹์ œ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
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Mescaline, also known as mescalin or mezcalin, as well as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a naturally occurring psychedelic protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin. It binds to and activates certain serotonin receptors in the brain, producing hallucinogenic effects.
๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: methylamine)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด CH3NH2์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋กœ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ 1์ฐจ ์•„๋ฏผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ฌ, ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ, ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœํ‘ธ๋ž€์˜ ์šฉ์•ก ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์•• ๊ธˆ์† ์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ๊ฐ€์•• ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ํƒฑํฌ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์†ก๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ์ฉ์€ ์ƒ์„  ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Arsenic acid is an arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an arsenate(1-) and an arsenate ion.
๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‹ (brucine)์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ „์ž๋‚˜๋ฌด(Strychnos nux-vomica)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‹  ์ค‘๋…์€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ํŽธ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ณดํ†ต ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ์ด ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…์ฒด ํŠน์ด์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ„์„์šฉ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‹ ์€ 1819๋…„ Pelletier์™€ Caventou๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋…ธ์Šค ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ป์งˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ์ฐธ ์ดํ›„์ธ๋ฐ 1884๋…„ ํ™”ํ•™์ž ํ•œ์„ผ์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ์ด๋‹ค.
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Verapamil is a natural product found in Teichospora striata and Schisandra chinensis with data available.
ํด๋กœ๋ฅดํ”„๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„(chlorpromazine, CPZ, ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…: Thorazine, Largactil ๋“ฑ)์€ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ œ์ œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ฆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์žฅ์• , ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ๊ฒฐํ• ๊ณผ๋‹คํ–‰๋™์žฅ์• , ๊ตฌ์—ญ์งˆ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ† , ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์น˜๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋”ธ๊พน์งˆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ์œก ์ฃผ์‚ฌ, ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณต์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šด๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์กธ์Œ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐˆ(๋ชฉ๋งˆ๋ฆ„), ๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••, ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์šด๋™ ์งˆํ™˜, ์ง€๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ๋น„, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด์™„์ œ ์•…์„ฑ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ, ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋งค๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ํด๋กœ๋ฅดํ”„๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์•ฝ๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์ž‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ์„ฑ, ํ•ญํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋กœ๋ฅดํ”„๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„์€ 1950๋…„์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์•ฝ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋„์ž…์€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ง„๋ณด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋‹น US$0.02 ~ US$0.12 ์‚ฌ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” 2019๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์•ฝ US$7.80์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Paraquat is an organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. It has a role as a herbicide and a geroprotector. It derives from a hydride of a 4,4'-bipyridine.
ํŒŒ๋ผ์ฝฐํŠธ(Paraquat)๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ชฉ์†(Gramoxone)์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ผ์ฝฐํŠธ๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žก์ดˆ๊ฐ€ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๋†์•ฝ์ค‘๋…์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ์ฝฐํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ‰์€ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์˜ค์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ตฌํ† ์œ ๋ฐœ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค.
1
Cloxacillin is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.
ํ…Œ๋ ˆํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ(Terephthalic acid)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C6H4(CO2H)2๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํฐ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ณ‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์—์Šคํ„ฐ PET์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ†ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํ…Œ๋ ˆ๋นˆ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ธ ํ…Œ๋ ˆ๋นˆ์Šค(Pistacia terebinthus)์™€ ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋ ˆํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์€ PBT ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ(ํด๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ํ‹ธ๋ Œ ํ…Œ๋ ˆํ”„ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ) ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Amikacin is an antibiotic medication used for a number of bacterial infections. This includes joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. It is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is used by injection into a vein using an IV or into a muscle. Amikacin, like other aminoglycoside antibiotics, can cause hearing loss, balance problems, and kidney problems. Other side effects include paralysis, resulting in the inability to breathe. If used during pregnancy it may cause permanent deafness in the baby. Amikacin works by blocking the function of the bacteria's 30S ribosomal subunit, making it unable to produce proteins. Amikacin was patented in 1971, and came into commercial use in 1976. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is derived from kanamycin.
์•„๋ฏธ์นด์‹ (amikacin)์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ™”๋†์„ฑ ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋‚ด ์ „์—ผ, ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์—ผ, ํ๋ ด, ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ์š”๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ต ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„๋ฏธ์นด์‹ ์€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• , ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์‹ ๋ถ€์ „์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜ธํก ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ท€๋จน์Œ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฏธ์นด์‹ ์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ 30S ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฏธ์นด์‹ ์€ 1971๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1976๋…„ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” 1๊ฐœ์›” ๊ธฐ์ค€ 13.80 ~ US$130.50์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด 1ํšŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 25 ~ US$50์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นด๋‚˜๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
1
Diltiazem is a 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent and an antihypertensive agent. It is a conjugate base of a diltiazem(1+). It is an enantiomer of an ent-diltiazem.
ํƒ€๋ฝ์‚ฌ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(taraxasterol) ๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆํ…Œ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฐ(anthesterin)์€ ๋ฉ”๋ฐœ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ(mevalonate pathway)์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ…Œ๋ฅดํŽœ(triterpene)์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋ ˆ์†(dandelion)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Indole is a natural product found in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, Daphne odora, and other organisms with data available.
3-ํŽœํƒ„์˜จ(์˜์–ด: 3-pentanone) ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ด์—ํ‹ธ ์ผ€ํ†ค(์˜์–ด: diethyl ketone, DEK)์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์ด์•Œํ‚ฌ ์ผ€ํ†ค์ด๋‹ค. 3-ํŽœํƒ„์˜จ์€ ์•„์„ธํ†ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์•ก์ฒด ์ผ€ํ†ค์ด๋‹ค. 3-ํŽœํƒ„์˜จ์€ ๋ฌผ์— ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋งค์™€๋„ ์„ž์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Captopril is a L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. It has a role as an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor and an antihypertensive agent. It is a pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid, a N-acylpyrrolidine, an alkanethiol and a L-proline derivative.
์บกํ† ํ”„๋ฆด(Captopril, ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…: Capoten ๋“ฑ)์€ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ACE ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. 1976๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ 1980๋…„ ์˜ํ•™์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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2-phenylethylamine is a phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a phenylethylamine, an aralkylamine and an alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a 2-phenylethanaminium.
ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋”˜(์˜์–ด: pteridine)์€ 6์›์ž ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์™€ 6์›์ž ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œตํ•ฉ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋”˜์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์น˜ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋นˆ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋”˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค.
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Valine (symbol Val or V) is an ฮฑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an ฮฑ-amino group (which is in the protonated โˆ’NH3+ form under biological conditions), an ฮฑ-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated โˆ’COOโˆ’ form under biological conditions), and a side chain isopropyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. Valine is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it; it must be obtained from dietary sources which are foods that contain proteins, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. It is encoded by all codons starting with GU (GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG).
๋‹ˆํด๋กœ์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋กœ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋ฉฐ ์—ด๋‘์กฐ์ถฉ์ฆ, ์™œ์†Œ์กฐ์ถฉ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ดŒ์ถฉ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ดŒ์ถฉ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ถฉ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํก์ถฉ์ด๋‚˜ ํšŒ์ถฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€, ๊ตฌํ† , ๋ณตํ†ต, ๊ฐ€๋ ค์›€์ฆ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ์„ญ์ทจ์™€ ์‚ฐํ™”์  ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆํด๋กœ์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” 1958๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋‚˜์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆํด๋กœ์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณต์šฉ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Melamine is an organic compound with the formula C3H6N6. This white solid is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. Like cyanamide, it contains 66% nitrogen by mass, and its derivatives have fire-retardant properties due to its release of nitrogen gas when burned or charred. Melamine can be combined with formaldehyde and other agents to produce melamine resins. Such resins are characteristically durable thermosetting plastic used in high pressure decorative laminates such as Formica, melamine dinnerware including cooking utensils, plates, plastic products, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards. Melamine foam is used as insulation, soundproofing material and in polymeric cleaning products, such as Magic Eraser. Melamine-formaldehyde resin tableware was evaluated by the Taiwan Consumers' Foundation to have 20,000 parts per billion of free melamine that could migrate out of the plastic into acidic foods if held at 160 ยฐF for two hours, such as if food was kept heated in contact with it in an oven. Melamine gained infamy because Chinese food producers added it to baby formula in order to increase the apparent protein content. Ingestion of melamine may lead to reproductive damage, or bladder or kidney stones, and bladder cancer. It is also an irritant when inhaled or in contact with the skin or eyes. The United Nations' food standards body, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, has set the maximum amount of melamine allowed in powdered infant formula to 1 mg/kg and the amount of the chemical allowed in other foods and animal feed to 2.5 mg/kg. While not legally binding, the levels allow countries to ban importation of products with excessive levels of melamine.
์ฟ ์—ํ‹ฐ์•„ํ•€(Quetiapine)์€(์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ '์Ž„๋กœ์ผˆ' ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค), ๋””๋ฒค์กฐํ‹ฐ์•„์ œํ•€(Dibenzothiazepine) ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ, ์˜๊ตญ ์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์ œ๋„ค์นด(Astrazeneca)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘, ์กฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์•  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฒ•์ œ(์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ง€์†ํ˜• ์„œ๋ฐฉ์ •์ธ '์Ž„๋กœ์ผˆ XR'์— ํ•œํ•จ)์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์  ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ œ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
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Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO. It is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature. It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants. It is also produced by the partial oxidation of ethanol by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and is a contributing cause of hangover after alcohol consumption. Pathways of exposure include air, water, land, or groundwater, as well as drink and smoke. Consumption of disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby causing it to build up in the body. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has listed acetaldehyde as a Group 1 carcinogen. Acetaldehyde is "one of the most frequently found air toxins with cancer risk greater than one in a million".
์•„์„ธํŠธ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ(์˜์–ด: acetaldehyde ์• ์‹œํŠธ์•จ๋”ํ•˜์ด๋“œ[*] /หŒรฆsitหˆรฆdษ™hหŒaid/) ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์„ธํŠธ์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ(๋…์ผ์–ด: acetaldehyd)๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ์—ํƒ„์•Œ(Ethanal)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ CH3CHO์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…น๋Š”์ ์€ -123.5ยฐC, ๋“๋Š”์ ์€ 20.2ยฐC์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ, ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ, ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด์™€ ์ž˜ ์„ž์ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์†Œ์—ด์€ 218.9kcal์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ™์ทจ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ(Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, ALDH)๋Š” ์•„์„ธํŠธ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ด ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ALDH๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ‰์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋–ซ์€๋ง›์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์ด์œ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ˜ธํก ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๋–ซ์€๋ง›์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ ํƒ€๋‹Œ๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์˜ ๋–ซ์€๋ง›์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
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3-Hydroxykynurenine is a metabolite of tryptophan, which filters UV light in the human lens. It is one of two pigments identified as responsible for the goldenrod crab spider's (Misumena vatia) yellow coloration.
์‚ผ์—ผํ™”๋ถˆํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌํด๋กœ๋กœํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ๋ฉ”ํ…Œ์ธ(trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F)์€ ์—ผํ™”๋ถˆํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ ˆ์˜จ-11, CFC-11์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Dihydrolipoamide is a dithiol and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It has a role as a human metabolite, a cofactor, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
ํฌ์‚ผํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด( ViiV Healthcare์—์„œ ์นผ์Š˜์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ Lexica์ด๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” Telzir์ด๋‹ค)๋Š” HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์™€ ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์ธ ์•”ํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด์˜ pro-drug์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ(FDA)๋Š” 2003๋…„ 10์›” 20์ผ์— ํฌ์‚ผํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ , European Medicine Agency(EMA)๋Š” 2004๋…„ 7์›” 12์ผ์— ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ํฌ์‚ผํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด๋Š” Amprenavir๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์€ Amprenavir๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํšจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ํฌ์‚ผํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด๋Š” Amprenavir์˜ ์„œ๋ฐฉํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ธ ์•”ํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ • ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋กœํ”ผ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ์‚ผํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋” ๋†’์€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋กœํ”ผ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํฌ์‚ผํ”„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์žฅ์ ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
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