///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// checkstyle: Checks Java source code and other text files for adherence to a set of rules.
// Copyright (C) 2001-2023 the original author or authors.
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

package com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.checks.coding;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.FileStatefulCheck;
import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.AbstractCheck;
import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.DetailAST;
import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.TokenTypes;

/**
 * <p>
 * Restricts the number of return statements in methods, constructors and lambda expressions.
 * Ignores specified methods ({@code equals} by default).
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * <b>max</b> property will only check returns in methods and lambdas that
 * return a specific value (Ex: 'return 1;').
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * <b>maxForVoid</b> property will only check returns in methods, constructors,
 * and lambdas that have no return type (IE 'return;'). It will only count
 * visible return statements. Return statements not normally written, but
 * implied, at the end of the method/constructor definition will not be taken
 * into account. To disallow "return;" in void return type methods, use a value
 * of 0.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Rationale: Too many return points can mean that code is
 * attempting to do too much or may be difficult to understand.
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>
 * Property {@code max} - Specify maximum allowed number of return statements
 * in non-void methods/lambdas.
 * Type is {@code int}.
 * Default value is {@code 2}.
 * </li>
 * <li>
 * Property {@code maxForVoid} - Specify maximum allowed number of return statements
 * in void methods/constructors/lambdas.
 * Type is {@code int}.
 * Default value is {@code 1}.
 * </li>
 * <li>
 * Property {@code format} - Specify method names to ignore.
 * Type is {@code java.util.regex.Pattern}.
 * Default value is {@code "^equals$"}.
 * </li>
 * <li>
 * Property {@code tokens} - tokens to check
 * Type is {@code java.lang.String[]}.
 * Validation type is {@code tokenSet}.
 * Default value is:
 * <a href="https://checkstyle.org/apidocs/com/puppycrawl/tools/checkstyle/api/TokenTypes.html#CTOR_DEF">
 * CTOR_DEF</a>,
 * <a href="https://checkstyle.org/apidocs/com/puppycrawl/tools/checkstyle/api/TokenTypes.html#METHOD_DEF">
 * METHOD_DEF</a>,
 * <a href="https://checkstyle.org/apidocs/com/puppycrawl/tools/checkstyle/api/TokenTypes.html#LAMBDA">
 * LAMBDA</a>.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * To configure the check so that it doesn't allow more than three return statements per method
 * (ignoring the {@code equals()} method):
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * &lt;module name=&quot;ReturnCount&quot;&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;max&quot; value=&quot;3&quot;/&gt;
 * &lt;/module&gt;
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Example:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * public class MyClass {
 *   public int sign(int x) {
 *     if (x &lt; 0)
 *       return -1;
 *     if (x == 0)
 *       return 1;
 *     return 0;
 *   } // OK
 *   public int badSign(int x) {
 *     if (x &lt; -2)
 *       return -2;
 *     if (x == 0)
 *       return 0;
 *     if (x &gt; 2)
 *       return 2;
 *     return 1;
 *   } // violation, more than three return statements
 * }
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * To configure the check so that it doesn't allow any return statements per void method:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * &lt;module name=&quot;ReturnCount&quot;&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;maxForVoid&quot; value=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
 * &lt;/module&gt;
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Example:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * public class MyClass {
 *   public void firstMethod(int x) {
 *   } // OK
 *
 *   public void badMethod(int x) {
 *     return;
 *   } // violation, return statements per void method
 * }
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * To configure the check so that it doesn't allow more than 2 return statements per method
 * (ignoring the {@code equals()} method) and more than 1 return statements per void method:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * &lt;module name=&quot;ReturnCount&quot;&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;max&quot; value=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;maxForVoid&quot; value=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;
 * &lt;/module&gt;
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Example:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * public class MyClass {
 *   public void firstMethod() {
 *   } // OK
 *
 *   public void secondMethod() {
 *     return;
 *   } // OK
 *
 *   public void badMethod(int x) {
 *     if (x == 0)
 *       return;
 *     return;
 *   } // violation, more than one return statements
 *
 *   public int sign(int x) {
 *     if (x &lt; 0)
 *       return -1;
 *     return 0;
 *   } // OK
 *
 *   public int badSign(int x) {
 *     if (x &lt; 0)
 *       return -1;
 *     if (x == 0)
 *       return 1;
 *     return 0;
 *   } // violation, more than two return statements in methods
 * }
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * To configure the check so that it doesn't allow more than three
 * return statements per method for all methods:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * &lt;module name=&quot;ReturnCount&quot;&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;max&quot; value=&quot;3&quot;/&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;format&quot; value=&quot;^$&quot;/&gt;
 * &lt;/module&gt;
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Example:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * public class MyClass {
 *   public int sign(int x) {
 *     if (x &lt; 0)
 *       return -1;
 *     if (x == 0)
 *       return 1;
 *     return 0;
 *   } // OK
 *
 *   public int badSign(int x) {
 *     if (x &lt; -2)
 *       return -2;
 *     if (x == 0)
 *       return 0;
 *     if (x &gt; 2)
 *       return 2;
 *     return 1;
 *   } // violation, more than three return statements per method
 * }
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * To configure the check so that it doesn't allow any return statements in constructors,
 * more than one return statement in all lambda expressions and more than two return
 * statements in methods:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * &lt;module name=&quot;ReturnCount&quot;&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;maxForVoid&quot; value=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;tokens&quot; value=&quot;CTOR_DEF&quot;/&gt;
 * &lt;/module&gt;
 * &lt;module name=&quot;ReturnCount&quot;&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;max&quot; value=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;tokens&quot; value=&quot;LAMBDA&quot;/&gt;
 * &lt;/module&gt;
 * &lt;module name=&quot;ReturnCount&quot;&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;max&quot; value=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;
 *   &lt;property name=&quot;tokens&quot; value=&quot;METHOD_DEF&quot;/&gt;
 * &lt;/module&gt;
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Example:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * import java.util.function.Predicate;
 *
 * public class Test {
 *   public Test() {
 *   } // OK
 *
 *   public Test(int i) {
 *     return; // violation, max allowed for constructors is 0
 *   }
 *
 *   final Predicate&lt;Integer&gt; p = i -&gt; {
 *     if (i &gt; 5) {
 *       return true;
 *     }
 *     return false;
 *   }; // violation, max allowed for lambdas is 1
 *
 *   final Predicate&lt;Integer&gt; q = i -&gt; {
 *     return i &gt; 5;
 *   }; // OK
 *
 *   public int sign(int x) {
 *     if (x &gt; 0)
 *       return -1;
 *     return 0;
 *   } // OK
 *
 *   public int badSign(int x) {
 *     if (x &lt; 0)
 *       return -1;
 *     if (x == 0)
 *       return 1;
 *     return 0;
 *   } // violation, more than two return statements in methods
 * }
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Parent is {@code com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.TreeWalker}
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Violation Message Keys:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>
 * {@code return.count}
 * </li>
 * <li>
 * {@code return.countVoid}
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @since 3.2
 */
@FileStatefulCheck
public final class ReturnCountCheck extends AbstractCheck {

    /**
     * A key is pointing to the warning message text in "messages.properties"
     * file.
     */
    public static final String MSG_KEY = "return.count";
    /**
     * A key pointing to the warning message text in "messages.properties"
     * file.
     */
    public static final String MSG_KEY_VOID = "return.countVoid";

    /** Stack of method contexts. */
    private final Deque<Context> contextStack = new ArrayDeque<>();

    /** Specify method names to ignore. */
    private Pattern format = Pattern.compile("^equals$");

    /** Specify maximum allowed number of return statements in non-void methods/lambdas. */
    private int max = 2;
    /** Specify maximum allowed number of return statements in void methods/constructors/lambdas. */
    private int maxForVoid = 1;
    /** Current method context. */
    private Context context;

    @Override
    public int[] getDefaultTokens() {
        return new int[] {
            TokenTypes.CTOR_DEF,
            TokenTypes.METHOD_DEF,
            TokenTypes.LAMBDA,
            TokenTypes.LITERAL_RETURN,
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int[] getRequiredTokens() {
        return new int[] {TokenTypes.LITERAL_RETURN};
    }

    @Override
    public int[] getAcceptableTokens() {
        return new int[] {
            TokenTypes.CTOR_DEF,
            TokenTypes.METHOD_DEF,
            TokenTypes.LAMBDA,
            TokenTypes.LITERAL_RETURN,
        };
    }

    /**
     * Setter to specify method names to ignore.
     *
     * @param pattern a pattern.
     */
    public void setFormat(Pattern pattern) {
        format = pattern;
    }

    /**
     * Setter to specify maximum allowed number of return statements
     * in non-void methods/lambdas.
     *
     * @param max maximum allowed number of return statements.
     */
    public void setMax(int max) {
        this.max = max;
    }

    /**
     * Setter to specify maximum allowed number of return statements
     * in void methods/constructors/lambdas.
     *
     * @param maxForVoid maximum allowed number of return statements for void methods.
     */
    public void setMaxForVoid(int maxForVoid) {
        this.maxForVoid = maxForVoid;
    }

    @Override
    public void beginTree(DetailAST rootAST) {
        context = new Context(false);
        contextStack.clear();
    }

    @Override
    public void visitToken(DetailAST ast) {
        switch (ast.getType()) {
            case TokenTypes.CTOR_DEF:
            case TokenTypes.METHOD_DEF:
                visitMethodDef(ast);
                break;
            case TokenTypes.LAMBDA:
                visitLambda();
                break;
            case TokenTypes.LITERAL_RETURN:
                visitReturn(ast);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException(ast.toString());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void leaveToken(DetailAST ast) {
        switch (ast.getType()) {
            case TokenTypes.CTOR_DEF:
            case TokenTypes.METHOD_DEF:
            case TokenTypes.LAMBDA:
                leave(ast);
                break;
            case TokenTypes.LITERAL_RETURN:
                // Do nothing
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException(ast.toString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates new method context and places old one on the stack.
     *
     * @param ast method definition for check.
     */
    private void visitMethodDef(DetailAST ast) {
        contextStack.push(context);
        final DetailAST methodNameAST = ast.findFirstToken(TokenTypes.IDENT);
        final boolean check = !format.matcher(methodNameAST.getText()).find();
        context = new Context(check);
    }

    /**
     * Checks number of return statements and restore previous context.
     *
     * @param ast node to leave.
     */
    private void leave(DetailAST ast) {
        context.checkCount(ast);
        context = contextStack.pop();
    }

    /**
     * Creates new lambda context and places old one on the stack.
     */
    private void visitLambda() {
        contextStack.push(context);
        context = new Context(true);
    }

    /**
     * Examines the return statement and tells context about it.
     *
     * @param ast return statement to check.
     */
    private void visitReturn(DetailAST ast) {
        // we can't identify which max to use for lambdas, so we can only assign
        // after the first return statement is seen
        if (ast.getFirstChild().getType() == TokenTypes.SEMI) {
            context.visitLiteralReturn(maxForVoid, Boolean.TRUE);
        }
        else {
            context.visitLiteralReturn(max, Boolean.FALSE);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Class to encapsulate information about one method.
     */
    private final class Context {

        /** Whether we should check this method or not. */
        private final boolean checking;
        /** Counter for return statements. */
        private int count;
        /** Maximum allowed number of return statements. */
        private Integer maxAllowed;
        /** Identifies if context is void. */
        private boolean isVoidContext;

        /**
         * Creates new method context.
         *
         * @param checking should we check this method or not
         */
        private Context(boolean checking) {
            this.checking = checking;
        }

        /**
         * Increase the number of return statements and set context return type.
         *
         * @param maxAssigned Maximum allowed number of return statements.
         * @param voidReturn Identifies if context is void.
         */
        public void visitLiteralReturn(int maxAssigned, Boolean voidReturn) {
            isVoidContext = voidReturn;
            maxAllowed = maxAssigned;

            ++count;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if number of return statements in the method are more
         * than allowed.
         *
         * @param ast method def associated with this context.
         */
        public void checkCount(DetailAST ast) {
            if (checking && maxAllowed != null && count > maxAllowed) {
                if (isVoidContext) {
                    log(ast, MSG_KEY_VOID, count, maxAllowed);
                }
                else {
                    log(ast, MSG_KEY, count, maxAllowed);
                }
            }
        }

    }

}
