def candidate_subclass(
    class_name, args, table_name=None, cardinality=None, values=None
):
    """
    Creates and returns a Candidate subclass with provided argument names,
    which are Context type. Creates the table in DB if does not exist yet.

    Import using:

    .. code-block:: python

        from fonduer.candidates.models import candidate_subclass

    :param class_name: The name of the class, should be "camel case" e.g.
        NewCandidate
    :param args: A list of names of constituent arguments, which refer to the
        Contexts--representing mentions--that comprise the candidate
    :param table_name: The name of the corresponding table in DB; if not
        provided, is converted from camel case by default, e.g. new_candidate
    :param cardinality: The cardinality of the variable corresponding to the
        Candidate. By default is 2 i.e. is a binary value, e.g. is or is not
        a true mention.
    """
    if table_name is None:
        table_name = camel_to_under(class_name)

    # If cardinality and values are None, default to binary classification
    if cardinality is None and values is None:
        values = [True, False]
        cardinality = 2

    # Else use values if present, and validate proper input
    elif values is not None:
        if cardinality is not None and len(values) != cardinality:
            raise ValueError("Number of values must match cardinality.")
        if None in values:
            raise ValueError("`None` is a protected value.")
        # Note that bools are instances of ints in Python...
        if any([isinstance(v, int) and not isinstance(v, bool) for v in values]):
            raise ValueError(
                (
                    "Default usage of values is consecutive integers."
                    "Leave values unset if trying to define values as integers."
                )
            )
        cardinality = len(values)

    # If cardinality is specified but not values, fill in with ints
    elif cardinality is not None:
        values = list(range(cardinality))

    class_spec = (args, table_name, cardinality, values)
    if class_name in candidate_subclasses:
        if class_spec == candidate_subclasses[class_name][1]:
            return candidate_subclasses[class_name][0]
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Candidate subclass {class_name} "
                f"already exists in memory with incompatible "
                f"specification: {candidate_subclasses[class_name][1]}"
            )
    else:
        # Set the class attributes == the columns in the database
        class_attribs = {
            # Declares name for storage table
            "__tablename__": table_name,
            # Connects candidate_subclass records to generic Candidate records
            "id": Column(
                Integer,
                ForeignKey("candidate.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
                primary_key=True,
            ),
            # Store values & cardinality information in the class only
            "values": values,
            "cardinality": cardinality,
            # Polymorphism information for SQLAlchemy
            "__mapper_args__": {"polymorphic_identity": table_name},
            # Helper method to get argument names
            "__argnames__": [_.__tablename__ for _ in args],
            "mentions": args,
        }
        class_attribs["document_id"] = Column(
            Integer, ForeignKey("document.id", ondelete="CASCADE")
        )
        class_attribs["document"] = relationship(
            "Document",
            backref=backref(table_name + "s", cascade="all, delete-orphan"),
            foreign_keys=class_attribs["document_id"],
        )

        # Create named arguments, i.e. the entity mentions comprising the
        # relation mention.
        unique_args = []
        for arg in args:
            # Primary arguments are constituent Contexts, and their ids
            class_attribs[arg.__tablename__ + "_id"] = Column(
                Integer, ForeignKey(arg.__tablename__ + ".id", ondelete="CASCADE")
            )
            class_attribs[arg.__tablename__] = relationship(
                arg.__name__,
                backref=backref(
                    table_name + "_" + arg.__tablename__ + "s",
                    cascade_backrefs=False,
                    cascade="all, delete-orphan",
                ),
                cascade_backrefs=False,
                foreign_keys=class_attribs[arg.__tablename__ + "_id"],
            )
            unique_args.append(class_attribs[arg.__tablename__ + "_id"])

        # Add unique constraints to the arguments
        class_attribs["__table_args__"] = (UniqueConstraint(*unique_args),)

        # Create class
        C = type(class_name, (Candidate,), class_attribs)

        # Create table in DB
        if not Meta.engine.dialect.has_table(Meta.engine, table_name):
            C.__table__.create(bind=Meta.engine)

        candidate_subclasses[class_name] = C, class_spec

        return C
Creates and returns a Candidate subclass with provided argument names,
    which are Context type. Creates the table in DB if does not exist yet.

    Import using:

    .. code-block:: python

        from fonduer.candidates.models import candidate_subclass

    :param class_name: The name of the class, should be "camel case" e.g.
        NewCandidate
    :param args: A list of names of constituent arguments, which refer to the
        Contexts--representing mentions--that comprise the candidate
    :param table_name: The name of the corresponding table in DB; if not
        provided, is converted from camel case by default, e.g. new_candidate
    :param cardinality: The cardinality of the variable corresponding to the
        Candidate. By default is 2 i.e. is a binary value, e.g. is or is not
        a true mention.