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How to Use a Tongue Scraper | Tongue scraping has a long history, both as an element of hygiene and an Ayurvedic cleansing ritual. Research is divided on how well tongue scraping works, and it should not replace other forms of oral hygiene like brushing or flossing; however, many people who suffer from a "coated tongue" or halitosis are convinced of its medical benefits.
1. **Open your mouth.** You'll want to open your mouth as wide as is comfortable, but not so wide that it causes discomfort. This makes your tongue more accessible and increases the ease of scraping.
2. **Stick out your tongue.** The goal here is to comfortably increase access to your tongue, so stick your tongue outside your mouth as far as you are able.
Avoid pointing your tongue, as this decreases surface area and makes scraping less effective.
3. **Pick up the scraper.** Holding the handle of the tongue scraper, place it on the rearmost part of the tongue. How far to place the scraper is entirely reliant on your comfort. Just remember that the farther back it is placed, the more surface area that is scraped. If you feel a tickle or a gagging sensation, that's too far.
After many scraping sessions, you may be able to place the scraper further back into your mouth than you were in your initial session.
4. **Begin scraping.** Apply firm pressure to the tongue scraper. In one slow, smooth motion, pull the scraper from back of your tongue to the front. The rough edge of the scraper will rub against the tongue surface and remove any coating or residue.
Scraping should involved firm pressure, but never discomfort or abrasion to the skin. When you begin scraping, it is best to err on the side of lighter, rather than heavier strokes and gently increase pressure until the right amount is achieved.
A maximum number of four to eight movements should be enough for the day.
Never move the scraper in a backwards direction. Always remember to move your scraper from the back of your tongue to the tip. Going backwards spreads the scrapings back over your tongue and requires you to repeat the scraping.
5. **Rinse the scraper after each stroke.** The scraper pushes the coating it removes to the tip of the tongue with every stroke. It may be advisable to rinse the scraper and your mouth after each stroke.
You can also dip the scraper in a small cup filled with chlorhexidine mouthwash, as the antibacterial substance will destroy almost entirely any bacteria on the scraper.
6. **Clean the scraper after use.** Rinse the scraper under the faucet after use, removing any debris or saliva. Ensure that your tongue scraper stays clean and dry between sessions, storing it in a drawer or medicine cabinet.
7. **Consider tongue size.** If you have a large tongue, a wide profile, u-shaped scraper is the most efficient way to clean your tongue. Children or people with smaller tongues may want to choose a y-shaped scraper.
8. **Think about your comfort.** If you have a very sensitive gag reflex, consider this when choosing your scraper.
Some people opt for a tongue brush, which combines elements of a toothbrush and a scraper. This type of tongue scraper is narrower than the u-shaped scraper but does have a taller profile, which may also trigger discomfort.
A good rule of thumb is to consider how comfortable you'd be placing your toothbrush near the back of your mouth. If that's problematic, opt for a y-shaped tongue scraper. These are smaller and usually have bent sides to accommodate sensitivity.
9. **Look for efficiency.** If sensitivity is less of a concern, get a scraper with multiple blades. Multiple blades expedite the removal of debris. These can be y-shaped, usually with dual blades; however, there are narrower versions with four to five blades that have a similar size-profile to a toothbrush.
10. **Consider material.** Tongue scrapers are typically made of stainless steel, copper, or plastic. A metal scraper can be kept long-term and periodically disinfected by boiling in water. Plastic scrapers are cheaper; however, they are intended to be disposable and must be replaced every three to four months.
11. **Think about tongue scraping as part of your oral hygiene.** By itself, tongue scraping cannot ensure good oral hygiene; however, as part of a regimen including brushing and flossing, it has proven benefits.
Halitosis is caused by bacteria that act on residual food particles in the mouth. These bacteria release volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), which produce a bad smell. Tongue scraping can remove food particles and bacteria on the tongue and provide a 75% reduction of halitosis symptoms, 30% more than just brushing alone.
Tongue coating is a common symptom of smoking, dry mouth, and yeast infections. It is unsightly and contributes to halitosis. By scraping this coating off the tongue, patients report better overall oral hygiene and personal comfort.
Research indicates that, by removing food particles and bacteria from the mouth, tongue scraping can reduce plaque buildup and cavities.
12. **Know that tongue scraping can improve taste.** Research indicates that tongue cleansing generally exposes tastebuds and, after two weeks, patients noted improved sense of taste. These results were substantially enhanced by including a tongue scraper in cleansing sessions.
13. **Consider possible digestive benefits of tongue scraping.** The Ayurveda, a holistic medical text that originated in ancient India, argues that the "toxic residue" of bacteria and dead cells that forms on the tongue can actually have a negative impact on the digestive system. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Tongue-Scraper", "language": "en"} |
How to Use Bubble Wrap | When you have bubble wrap, its uses are unlimited. If needed, you can use it for its traditional use: packing delicate items in boxes. Or, if you have tons of bubble wrap left over, you can reuse it in your home or outdoors in small fixes or repairs. As a last resort, you can even recycle bubble wrap or pop it for stress relief. No matter how much bubble wrap you have, you can put it to use efficiently and without leaving any to waste.
1. **Use bubble wrap to protect delicate items, like glass or electronics.** Bubble wrap is ideal for padding glassware, ceramics, mirrors, and other fragile items while moving. Because bubble wrap comes in large sheets, it can be more effective for wrapping bigger items than Styrofoam or newspaper.
2. **Wrap all delicate items before putting them in the box.** Place your item on a sheet of bubble wrap and cut out a piece long enough to cover the item in bubble wrap. Tape the sides along the edges and on the top and bottom to prevent the item from slipping out.
3. **Use bubble wrap to fill void areas in the box.** Too much extra space in your box and your items may knock around. Place the items carefully into the box, then assess it for empty space. If you notice large gaps between items, stuff the box with bubble wrap to keep the objects secure.
If you run out of bubble wrap, you could also use packing peanuts, newspapers, or old wrapping paper to pad the box.
4. **Put precious items in a paper bag before using the bubble wrap.** Small plastic dots from the bubble wrap can occasionally get stuck on items it is packed in, especially if they are exposed to direct sunlight. Double-wrap items you'd like to protect. Place the item in a paper bag or a cloth, and then wrap it with the bubble wrap.
If dots get stuck to your belongings, wipe them off with a wet rag.
5. **Line your refrigerator drawers with bubble wrap to keep produce safe.** Place a layer of bubble wrap over your fridge's crisper drawers. This will prevent fruits and vegetables from bruising and make cleaning the drawers easier.
6. **Insulate your windows.** Cut out pieces of bubble wrap as large as your windowpanes. Duct tape them to the inner side of your windows to warm your home while lowering your electricity bill.
Lower your blinds or curtains to cover the wrap and further insulate the room.
7. **Cushion broom handles.** To prevent blisters, wrap a small length of bubble wrap around your broom and mop handles. Tape the bubble wrap onto the handle to keep it secure while you're doing chores.
8. **Make a temporary sole insert.** Place your foot on a square of bubble wrap and trace your foot with a marker. Cut out the makeshift sole insert and put it in your shoe—it should stay effective for at least 6 hours.
9. **Use bubble wrap as an artistic stamp.** Trace a shape or design, like a heart or an animal, in the bubble wrap and cut it out with scissors. Paint onto the bubble-side surface and press the shape onto a piece of paper for a creative and bold stamp.
10. **Protect your knees while gardening.** Tape patches of bubble wrap to the knees of your paints before you begin gardening. This can prevent scraped or achy knees as you kneel on the dirt or pavement.
11. **Protect potted plants from frost damage.** Wrap your plants' pots in a layer of bubble wrap and duct tape it in place. This insulation can keep plants warm in cool temperatures if they are more sensitive to the cold. Make sure that the bubble wrap extends a few inches or centimeters above the lip of the container to keep the soil warm.
12. **Prevent your car windshield from frost.** Cover your car windshield with bubble wrap in the evening, pinning it down with your windshield wipers to keep it from blowing away. This will keep snow or frost from settling on your windshield overnight to make driving in the morning simpler.
13. **Winterize your pipes and spouts.** When the temperatures start dropping, wrap your outdoor pipes and spouts with bubble wrap to prevent freezing or bursting. Tie the bubble wrap down with string to keep it from falling off. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Use-Bubble-Wrap", "language": "en"} |
How to Become Your School's 'It' Girl | Ugh, another weekend alone. Wouldn't it be great to be known and loved by at least someone? Wouldn't it be great to be an 'It' Girl?
1. **Be unique.** People like girls that have their own thing. Remember in order to be an it-girl you have to be different and special. Little things, whether its brightening up your pink phone with Swarovski crystals, customizing your bag with felt tips or your kickers with playboy shoelaces, will make you that bit original.
Remember: Don't try too hard. Make it look like it comes naturally.
2. **Find your talent.** Show everyone that your interested in learning new things; people that never want to do anything are boring! It could be anything, like singing or writing your own songs to cheerleading or art, just as long as you show your true potential people will respect you because you're good at something. Just don't be big headed about it or show off. It's good to always do at least one of the arts and play at least one sport, even if you didn't have to actually try out for the team. Hiking in your local park can be good too.
3. **Make good grades and study hard.** No one wants to be seen with a slacker. You want to be seen as someone exiting, but you have to show everyone that you're serious and care about your education. Try to get all As and Bs. Don't freak out if you get a C, just study more often. When it comes to learning, bunking off or smoking in the toilets is not a good idea. If you take life as a joke people won't take you seriously and will mess around with you.
4. **Know what's going on at school.** Maybe it's getting to know the teachers, or being in the paper staff. Whatever it takes, always know what's going on in school. Also, always be ready to lend a helping hand. It boosts your school reputation.
5. **Be nice and be yourself!** This is the most important. Being an it girl is not just about being popular and pretty, it's also about respecting yourself and others around you, and having good values in life. If you're fake or mean, everyone will hate you. Smile and laugh a lot (but not obnoxiously) Never make someone feel down or talk to them like you're better than them. Treat everyone as an equal; when something looks good on someone, tell them! Don't over-compliment them, as this might make you look like a bad friend.
6. **Don't be too humorous.** Okay, confession time. You love to crack jokes, don't you? Humor is a good boost of confidence, but too much will make it seem awkward - find an ending point.
7. **Talk to people.** Just anyone. Even if it's "What homework do we have in algebra?" It's an excuse to talk to people. Make them laugh, but to be funny. Talk about things you can relate to, be really friendly and always smile, be tight with people; just don't be too open with your secrets, personal things are called personal for a reason and you could really damage your reputation if you let people gossip behind your back. Just know who your real friends are.
8. **Invite people to do stuff with you.** Ask the cool girl you sit next to in science if she wants to go bowling this weekend and frequently throw sleepovers. If you invite people to do things, they will have to invite you to do things.
9. **Don't be mean.** Sure, this worked in Mean Girls, so why wouldn't it work in real life? This is because things like this only happen in movies, not real life. Think: would YOU like to be known as the girl that is rude to everybody? Neither would we.
10. **Spend some time grooming yourself.** Brush your hair everyday. Always shower at least every two days (or every day if you are very active), brush your teeth for at least 2 minutes every morning and before bed.
11. **Stay healthy** Being healthy isn't just something you need to do to get in with the popular crowd - it's something important altogether. It's having a good workout every day. Just remember to be active for 60 minutes every day!
12. **Have good skin, hygiene, etc.** Having good skin helps. If you have breakouts often, you can have masks, etc. Research what facials and other supplies you will need to use. Also, use concealer, or foundation. Have good hygiene. No one wants to be talking to someone and only smelling their horrible stench because they haven't showered in a week.
13. **Wear make-up if it makes you feel more confident.** If it doesn't, then don't wear make-up. It's as simple as that, so don't let anyone tell you what you should or shouldn't do.
Wear primer to make foundation easier to spread.
Put foundation to hide dark spots, and concealer for imperfections, blemishes, etc.
A little base (powder) is helpful to make you look natural.
Also, having your nails done is good too. Always clean your nails. If you go to the salon, and can't think of a good color, get a french manicure. It looks good with every outfit, and stays long.
14. **Stride with confidence.** Walk down the halls with confidence. Remember to flip your hair, smile, and wave. It'll make everyone stop and stare in awe. Walk slowly enough that people can watch you, but not so slow as to make it look like you don't know where you're going. Act like the halls were made for you to walk in.
Be yourself! Self-confidence is the most important part of becoming the "it" girl of your school. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Become-Your-School%27s-%27It%27-Girl", "language": "en"} |
How to Improve Your Body Image | Body image is how you feel about your body when you look at yourself in a mirror or just as you move around. You may even have a different perception of your body than what you see in the mirror. Having a negative body image may affect the way that you behave and, in some cases, it may even interfere with daily activities. There are several ways that you can improve your body image, such as saying positive things to yourself, focusing on what your body can do, and surrounding yourself with positive people. Keep reading to learn more about how to improve your body image.
1. **Determine if you have a negative body image.** You may already know if you have a negative body image, but there are some simple criteria that may help you if you are unsure. Ask yourself the following questions to determine if you have a negative body image:
Do you perceive your shape in an unrealistic way?
Do you think that only other people are attractive?
Do you think that your body size or shape is a sign of personal failure?
Do you feel ashamed, self-conscious, and anxious about your body?
Do you feel uncomfortable and awkward in your body?
If you answer yes to any of these questions, you may have a negative body image.
2. **Consider challenges that have contributed to your body image.** Understanding the challenges that you have faced that may have contributed to your negative body image may help you. Try to identify any special challenges that you have faced that may have caused you to develop some of the feelings and beliefs that you hold about your body.
Have you had surgery or other medical treatments that had a disfiguring effect on your body?
Have you suffered from physical or emotional abuse?
Have you been diagnosed with an eating disorder?
Were you born with any physical defects?
If you answer yes to any of these questions, you may need to seek the help of a licensed mental health professional to help you work through these issues.
3. **Be aware of the media’s role in affecting your body image.** We are constantly bombarded with images of “ideal” beauty and told that we are imperfect. Recognize that these messages are being used to sell you a product and that they have no basis in reality. The images of models and actors that you see in magazines are frequently altered to make them look flawless. Know that this unreachable standard of beauty may be affecting your body image.
4. **Identify reasons you want to improve your body image.** In order to motivate yourself to change the way that you think about your body, identify some of the benefits that you hope to enjoy as a result of a more positive body image. Write these positives down so that you remember them.
For example, you might write down something like, “I want to improve my body image so that I will feel more comfortable wearing dresses and so that I will enjoy sex more.”
5. **Decide if you need to talk to a therapist about your body image problems.** While you can do several things to improve your body image on your own, you may need to talk to a therapist if your body image problems are severe. If you are having trouble functioning on a daily basis or if you have other problems, such as an eating disorder, you should seek help from a mental health professional as soon as possible.
6. **Focus on what you like about your body.** Identifying your favorite features may help you to develop a more positive body image. Take a few moments each day to look at yourself in the mirror and identify your favorite features of your body.
For example, you might say to yourself, “I really like the shape of my face.” As you repeat this self-talk on a daily basis, you should begin to notice more of your good features and start to feel better about your body.
7. **Pay attention to the diversity of body types in the world.** Bodies come in many different shapes and sizes. Paying attention to the diversity of bodies may help you to see the beauty in your own unique body shape and size as well. When you go out, pay attention to how different people’s bodies are. Note the shapes, sizes, colors, and others features of people’s bodies.
Try not to stare at people as you notice different body shapes. It may cause other people to feel self-conscious.
View other people’s bodies with an open, non-judgmental mind. Avoid attaching labels to other people’s bodies, just observe so that you can begin to see how many different types of bodies there are. Don’t compare yourself to others as you observe other body types.
8. **Take notice of all of the things your body can do.** You may be able to improve your body image by focusing more on what it can do instead of what it looks like. Even if you are not athletic, think about how you use your body every day.
For example, you might simply observe that you use your body to hug your family and friends, to breathe in, and to smile.
Make a list of all the things that your body can do and look at it when you begin to focus too much on what your body looks like.
Try out a new physical activity to discover more ways that you can use your body. For example, you could try yoga, tai chi, swimming, or a dance class.
9. **Use your mirror to improve your body image.** While your mirror may also be a tool for you to criticize your body, you can learn to use your mirror to improve your body image. Every time you look at yourself in the mirror, identify something that you like about your body and say it out loud.
For example, you could simply say, “I like the way my shoulders look in this top.”
If you can’t think of anything to say or you don’t enjoy looking at yourself in the mirror, you can still use this technique. Just stand in front of the mirror, look at yourself, and say, “You’re awesome!” Say it like you mean it even if you don’t believe it yet. Repeat this daily until you become more comfortable with looking at yourself and noticing things that you like about your body.
10. **Say positive things to yourself.** If you have a poor body image, you may be used to saying negative things to yourself. Changing the way that you speak to yourself can also help to improve the way that you see your body. The next time you have a negative thought about your body, contradict it.
For example, if you catch yourself thinking something like, “I am fat and ugly and no one likes me,” turn it around. Say to yourself, “I have pretty eyes and hair and I am a great friend.” Contradicting yourself may be hard at first, but the more that you practice, the easier it will become.
11. **Post body-positive sticky notes around your house.** Little reminders placed all around your house may also help improve your body image. You can follow the example of major campaigns like Operation Beautiful and post positive sticky notes around your house. The more you see these positive messages about your body, the more you will start to believe them.
Some things you might write on the sticky notes include, “You are beautiful!” “Your body is powerful!” or “You have a wonderful smile!” Use your imagination to come up with body-positive messages that you want to hear.
12. **Limit your media exposure.** Constant exposure to images of perfect bodies and messages about how you are imperfect will have a negative impact on your body image. Magazines, television, and many websites include these types of images and messages, so do your best to avoid them while you work on improving your body image.
Try to keep your media exposure to a minimum or even go on a media fast, where you steer clear of all forms of media for a day or more.
13. **Surround yourself with positive people.** Other people can also have a big impact on the way that you see yourself. If you have fallen into a group of friends who often criticize your body or their own bodies, it may be time for a change. You can also try talking to your friends about their negative comments.
14. **Be supportive of other people.** As you work to transform your own body image into a more positive one, you can also help others to do the same. You can support your friends by making positive comments to them and striving to be a role model. Do and say things that reflect your own positive body image and build up others as well.
15. **Exercise your body.** Exercise has many health benefits and research has shown that exercise can even improve the way that we feel about our bodies. Find a form of exercise that you enjoy and incorporate it into your lifestyle. Try to get at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity every day to reap the benefits of exercise.
16. **Nourish your body with healthy food.** Certain foods, such as those high in carbohydrates and fat, can cause you to become sluggish and negatively affect your mood. Foods that can improve your mood are those that are low in fat and release their energy slowly. These foods give energy for sustained periods of time and do not carry the risk of weight gain, bloating, and irritability; they can also lead to stronger hair and nails that can improve your overall self-image.
17. **Get plenty of rest.** Not getting enough sleep can affect the way that your body performs as well as your emotions. The combination of these effects may have a negative impact on your attempts to improve your body image. Make sure that you are getting eight hours of sleep per night to feel your best as you work towards a more positive body image.
18. **Dress your body well.** What you wear may also affect the way that you view your body, so it is worthwhile to choose clothes that make you feel good. Make sure that the clothing you wear fits your body well and looks nice. Don’t put off buying yourself new clothes until you feel better about your body. Treat yourself to a new outfit to send the message to yourself that you are worth it.
19. **Relax daily.** A negative body image may make you feel like you don’t deserve to take time to relax, but that is not true. Relaxation is an important component of daily life and it may also help you to develop a more positive body image. Make sure that you set aside at least 15 minutes per day to just sit and relax. You can meditate, do some deep breathing exercises, or just sit still with your thoughts. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Improve-Your-Body-Image", "language": "en"} |
How to Vomit Without Making a Mess | Vomiting isn't a pleasant experience. Everyone vomits, whether they have a virus, food poisoning, or are nervous or traveling. It just feels good to let it out. It may taste bad and stuff, but after cleaning up and getting organized after emptying your stomach, you'll feel so much better.
1. **Identify the signs of vomiting.** Vomiting may come on suddenly, but many people experience symptoms of illness that precede the act of vomiting. Rush to a bathroom, garbage can, or a safe outdoor area if you experience any of the following:
dry heaves
the sensation that you're about to vomit
abdominal pain
contraction of the stomach muscles
dizziness
other stomach ailments, such as diarrhea
2. **Reduce nausea.** If you're very sick, overly intoxicated, or experiencing food poisoning, you're going to need to vomit no matter what you do. But if you're only experiencing mild nausea, there are some steps you can take to reduce or prevent the need to vomit. Try the following options to manage your nausea:
step outside and get some fresh air
take deep, slow breaths through your mouth
suck on a mint candy or chew gum
smell the inside of your wrist or armpit (the smell of perfume or deodorant may distract your body from the sensation of nausea)
sniff something scented, like essential oil
pinch your arm or tug on your hair (physical sensations can sometimes distract the body)
3. **Try to plan your location.** If at all possible, try to anticipate when and where you will vomit if the need arises. The most ideal place is in a restroom (in the toilet, if possible), but obviously that may not always be feasible to get to a restroom. If you cannot get to a restroom, try to at least find a plastic bag or trash can to vomit into, as this will greatly reduce how much of a mess you make.
If you're going to induce vomiting, wait until you can get to a toilet, trash can, or plastic bag. If you believe that you may vomit uncontrollably in the near future, stay close to a bathroom or keep a trash can/plastic bag on hand.
4. **Prevent personal mess.** Once you've eliminated the potential for making a mess of your immediate environment, your next focus should be on keeping yourself clean. Whether you've made it to a bathroom, found a trash can, or stepped outside to a safe outdoor environment, you'll want to prepare yourself as best as you can for what's about to happen.
If you have long hair, tie it back, tuck it behind your ears, or hold it in place behind your head. Vomit in your hair will quickly ruin your day and make an absolute mess.
Remove any long, dangling necklaces, or at least tuck them into your shirt. This could create a similar complication as long hair.
Try to direct the stream of vomit away from your shoes, pants, and hands (if you're on all fours). Aim slightly ahead of where you're standing/sitting/crawling.
If indoors, keep your head above the toilet or trash can. Try to lower your head enough such that no vomit will splatter outside the container you're vomiting into.
If you're sick in bed, keep a trash can and a stack of towels next to the bed. That way, if you can't reach the trash can or make it to the toilet, you can put down a towel to vomit onto/into. The towel can easily be washed, and it will be much easier to clean up than if you threw up in your bed or on the carpet.
5. **Clean yourself up.** After vomiting, you will probably feel sick and a little disgusted. This is normal, as vomiting can be extremely stressful on the body and leaves a revolting aftertaste in the mouth and throat. Even if you managed to complete the actual process of vomiting without making a mess, you'll want to clean yourself up after throwing up to feel better and cleaner.
Brush your teeth, or at the very least rinse your mouth out. Using mouthwash is best, but in a pinch even water will help.
Splash some clean, cold water on your face, and wash away any residual vomit that may have clung to your lips, chin, or facial hair.
Suck on a breath mint or chew gum to ensure that your breath does not smell.
Wash your hands with soap and water.
6. **Rehydrate your body.** No matter what the cause of your vomiting was, your body will most likely experience some mild to moderate dehydration after you vomit. That's because your body loses water and nutrients any time you vomit.
When you feel that you will not vomit anymore and you think you can stomach it, slowly drink a glass of cold water. Do not chug the water or attempt to drink it quickly - just sip on it slowly and steadily.
If you can keep water down, try drinking a little bit of a sports drink or any other electrolyte-rich beverage (such as Gatorade, Powerade, or Pedialyte).
Do not try to eat any food until you are feeling completely recovered.
Let yourself sit and relax for a few minutes after vomiting. Avoid any immediate activity, and focus on getting rehydrated and letting your body calm down.
7. **Avoid unpleasant odors.** Smells can trigger nausea in many people. For some, even the smell of certain meals being prepared or eaten may induce nausea/vomiting.
If you are prone to vomiting, or if you are feeling nauseated and want to avoid vomiting, stay clear of any kitchen areas where food is being prepared or eaten. You may also want to avoid other unpleasant odors, such as bathroom odors or the smell (or sight) of someone else vomiting.
8. **Limit your food intake.** For many people, overeating is a cause of nausea and/or vomiting. If you are prone to bouts of nausea, or if you know that the size of your stomach has shrunk, it's best to avoid eating too much or eating too quickly to help ensure a calm, stable stomach.
Try eating multiple smaller meals throughout the day instead of one or two really large meals.
Eat bland foods. Avoid sweet, spicy, fried/greasy, and acidic foods, as these are known to cause stomach problems.
Avoid milk and dairy products. You may also want to avoid carbonated drinks, as these may upset some peoples' stomachs.
9. **Abstain from alcohol.** Drinking in excess is a major cause of nausea and vomiting. Even if you don't tend to drink in excess, some people who are prone to stomach problems may become nauseated after consuming even moderate amounts of alcohol. It's always best to moderate your alcohol intake, but if you know drinking will make you vomit, you may be better off avoiding it altogether.
10. **Know when to seek help.** If you've eaten too much, drank too much alcohol, or have a fever, vomiting is a somewhat normal bodily reaction to the contents of your stomach or the presence of a virus. However, at times nausea and vomiting are indicative of more serious medical problems, and should be closely monitored. Seek medical assistance immediately if you experience any of the following:
known or suspected ingestion of any kind of poison
a head injury that caused vomiting
blood (bright red, brownish, or black) or the presence of "coffee ground"-like contents in your vomit
dehydration after vomiting
headache, stiff neck, or confusion
vomiting four or more times in a 24 hour period
bloated or swollen abdomen prior to nausea/vomiting | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Vomit-Without-Making-a-Mess", "language": "en"} |
How to Install a Junction Box | Junction boxes protect electrical wires from damage, prevent shocks, and stop sparks from igniting flammable material nearby. To install one, you’ll need to strip the ends off all the wires that will be in the box. To complete the electrical circuit, tie together the same-colored wires and hold them in place with wire nuts. Be sure to take the proper precautions so your home can be safely supplied with electricity for many years.
1. **Wear protective gear.** To reduce the risk of accidents, wear a pair of rubber gloves. A pair of eye goggles can also prevent stray wire fragments from getting in your eyes.
2. **Select the right junction box for the location.** If the area the junction box will be located is exposed to moisture, be sure to choose a junction box designed for that purpose. Similarly, if the junction box will be exposed to fumes, such as in a paint shop, choose a junction box formulated for that type of usage.
To find the right size junction box in cubic inches, count the number of wires entering the junction box. Multiply the total by 2 when working with 14-gauge wire or by 2.25 when working with 12-gauge wire. Then, select the largest ground wire and add 2 if it is a 14-gauge wire to 2.25 if it is a 12-gauge wire.
Choose a junction box with conductor fill volume (which is the number of conductors allowed in a junction box) higher or equal to the number of wires (after multiplying them by 2 and adding in the ground wire) entering the junction box. It’s best to choose a fill volume higher than the number of wires you have to ensure there will be enough room.
Stuffing a junction box with wires can lead to fires. All of the wires should have plenty of space to fit cleanly inside the box. When in doubt, always go with a bigger size.
3. **Turn off the main power.** When working with a wire that’s already attached to an electrical circuit, turn off the power supply to prevent accidents. Find the main electrical panel in your home. It’ll typically be in the basement or on the lowest floor. Flip the main circuit breaker or unscrew the fuse to turn off all power in your home.
You may also turn off power only to the room you’ll be working in. If you do turn off power to your entire home, be sure that your electronics and appliances won’t be negatively affected.
You don’t need to contact the electrical company to install the junction box, but they can help you shut off the power supply.
4. **Test that the circuit has no power with a voltmeter.** Stay safe by checking the wire to see if it’s carrying a current. Get a voltage tester and touch its probes to the wires. If the readout doesn’t stay at 0 (zero), the wire has an electrical current and it’s unsafe to work with. You’ll need to return to the circuit breaker or fuse box to shut off the power completely.
Make sure you know how to use a voltmeter properly to prevent hazards. If the meter isn’t set correctly, it could damage the junction box or cause serious injury.
Don’t use a current meter to check the circuit. It will give a reading of 0 amps when there aren’t any devices connected to it, but the circuit will still have at least 120 volts running through it.
5. **Mount the junction box on the wall.** Always use the designated holes or brackets on the junction box to secure it to the wall. Many junction boxes come packaged with the proper fasteners. They can be screwed onto wall studs or ceiling joists. You may also attach them to adjustable brackets placed between studs or joists.
For drywall, you can cut out a spot for the box and hold it in place with built-in clamps or Madison clips. The box should be flush with the wall
For brick or concrete, attach it with masonry anchors.
6. **Pull the cables into the junction box.** Most junction boxes have holes in their sides, called “knock outs.” Run each cable through one of the holes and attach them to the box with Romex or cable connectors. All of the cables should enter through different holes and only touch inside the box.
If you use a metal connector to attach armored cables, you must also use a plastic bushing to protect the conductors utilized by the connector. Armored cable tends to be used in commercial wiring rather than residential homes.
If you have a metal junction box, look for circles outlined on the box’s sides. Hammer these out to create openings for the cables. If you accidentally create too many openings, seal the ones you won’t use with a knock out seal, as there must not be unused openings in an electrical box.
If the box has breakaway plastic tabs (most often found on boxes that will be nailed to the surface), push the tabs out by hand or with a screwdriver.
Fasten the cable using a wire staple within 12 inches (30 cm) of the box to secure it.
For junction boxes installed on the ceiling, run the cable from the ceiling down into the box.
7. **Strip the wires with wire strippers.** Start with one wire and strip off ⁄4 inch (19 mm) of casing insulation at the end. You’ll need to do this for every wire going into the junction box. If you’re running composite cables into the box, strip off the cable’s outer sheathing casing and then strip the individual wires that were inside it.
When stripping a Romex cable, for example, you’ll notice 3 differently-colored wires.
The wires must be the same size. The AWG (wire gauge) size will be printed on the outer sheathing. If the wires are new, find the gauge number on the packaging. Mismatched wires lead to fires.
8. **Strip down a ground wire.** You’ll need 6–8 inches (150–200 mm) of green or bare wire for your ground. Strip ⁄4 inch (19 mm) off one end of the wire. This wire, also called a pigtail wire, is only needed if you are using any metal junction box as well as if you are connecting 3 or more wires. These wires also have to be the same size as the others you’re connecting.
If you are using a metal junction box, you need a scrap ground wire. The casing of these wires is green or copper-colored.
When connecting three or more same-colored wires, get scrap wire for each color.
9. **Twist together same-colored wires.** Creating the electrical circuit is a matter of color-matching. Look at the wire’s protective insulation to see what color the wire is. Gather the black wires, for instance, and hold the exposed ends side by side. Use a pair of lineman pliers to twist them clockwise until they have a solid connection with one another.
Some junction boxes have terminals. All you have to do is plug the wire ends into the terminals, then screw wire nuts over them.
Don’t twist the wires too much or else they could break.
10. **Use a wire nut to connect multiple wires.** When attempting to connect 2 or more wires, use the proper size wire nut. They look like caps and twist in place over the exposed part of the wires. Strip off about ⁄8 inch (2.2 cm) of the outer sheathing on each wire, then use lineman pliers to twist the wires together. Finally, insert them into a wire nut and tug on the wires to make sure they are solidly connected. Tape the wire nut in place with electrical tape for additional security.
The color of the wire nut determines its size and how many wires can fit inside of it. For example, a red wire nut holds a minimum of two 14-gauge wires up to a maximum of four 12-gauge wires.
11. **Install the ground wire into a metal junction box.** Connecting all the wires leaves you with one loose wire. This wire should be either green or copper-colored. Locate the ground screw inside the junction box, which must be machine threaded and green in color. Attach the ground wire to a metal junction box by wrapping the ground conductor around the screw the same direction the screw tightens.
This is only necessary when using a metal junction box.
12. **Push all the wires into the box before sealing it.** Be gentle to avoid damaging the wires. Set them inside the box so they don’t stick out. The box’s cover should lay flat. It’ll most likely have screws you can tighten to seal it in place. When finished, turn on the power and give your electrical system a test run. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Install-a-Junction-Box", "language": "en"} |
How to Acclimate Starfish | Starfish are an attractive, colorful, and unusual addition to any tropical marine aquarium. They provide cleanup services in an aquarium and can coexist peacefully with most species of fish. However, introducing a starfish to a new aquarium can be a difficult task. They are very sensitive creatures and can react badly to sudden changes in water temperature or chemistry. It is important for novice and experienced aquarium keepers alike to know how to acclimate starfish safely to their new environment.
1. **Add starfish to well-established tanks.** Do not place a starfish in a new aquarium or one that has not had time to reach a balance with the fish and the chemistry of the water. Starfish are generally too fragile to accept the adjustments that a new tank needs.
Even if your tank is well established, do not introduce a starfish to a tank where copper medication has been used recently. Copper is toxic to starfish.
2. **Make sure the temperature is correct.** Starfish need to be in water that is between 22ºC and 26ºC (71.6 to 78.8 degrees Fahrenheit). Make sure that the water in your tank is this warm before starting the acclimation process.
Most tropical fish tanks should be kept at between 25° to 27°C (76° to 80°F), so you should not have to adjust the temperature much to accommodate the starfish.
3. **Contact your supplier to determine the salinity of its tanks.** Your starfish may have an easier time adapting to its new environment if your tank has salinity close to your supplier's. If buying a starfish from your local aquarium store, this information will be easy to get when you make your purchase. However, if you order a starfish online, you will need to contact the seller and ask them for the information.
Keeping the starfish in the same salinity that it is used to will require that your other aquarium residents can thrive in that salinity as well. If they can't, then you will need to adjust the starfish to a new salinity.
4. **Equalize the temperature in the temporary container and the aquarium.** Begin by floating the temporary container in the tank to make sure that both are the same temperature. Hopefully, they are close to the same temperature, so this will only take about 10 to 15 minutes.
In most cases, your starfish will come in a plastic bag. If this is sealed tight, it can be floated on the top of the tank water to equalize the temperature.
5. **Establish a drip line between your established aquarium and the starfish's temporary container.** Place the starfish's temporary container next to the aquarium. In order to slowly acclimate the starfish to its new tank, you will need to place the temporary container next to the tank and run a drip line between them.
Drip lines are typically available at aquarium stores and online aquarium suppliers. They typically come with parts at the end that can control the flow of liquid.
6. **Set the drip rate to 2 to 4 drops per second.** In order to make the acclimation of the starfish gradual, you should introduce the new water very slowly. As such, the drip method will take quite a bit of time. Start the siphoning and then assess how fast it is dripping.
Plan for at least 2 hours when introducing a starfish to its new environment. Starfish are very fragile during the acclimation phase to a new aquarium, and the whole process must be taken slowly.
7. **Repeat the process several times.** Watch the level of the water in the shipping container and once it is full, dump out half of it. Then begin dripping in tank water once again. You should do this process several times in order to get the starfish acclimated to its new tank.
When you dump out half of the water, put it down the drain, not back into the tank. This will assure that the tank levels remain balanced.
8. **Move the starfish into the tank.** Once you have added tank water into the temporary container for several hours, you can move the starfish into its new home. As quickly as you can, lift the starfish out of its temporary tank and place it on a rock in its new tank. The goal should be to limit its exposure to the air as much as possible.
9. **Equalize the temperature of the container and the tank.** Float the starfish's temporary container in the aquarium. You should keep the water separate until the temperatures are the same. This should take about 10 to 15 minutes.
While the starfish should have been shipped in a container that kept it at a reasonable temperature, it is likely that the temperature is not ideal. However, even if the temperature is not ideal, do not speed up the acclimation process. Your starfish needs time to get used to changes, even if they are for the good of the creature.
10. **Add tank water to the shipping container.** Put 1/2 cup (.25 pt) of water from the tank every 5 minutes until the shipping container has been filled. This will get the starfish used to the new water's pH level.
Adding the tank water in gradually will give the starfish the chance to get used to its new environment.
11. **Remove half of the water in the shipping container.** Once you have the shipping container full, you will want to dump half of that water down the drain. Do not put it back into the aquarium, so that you don't disrupt the balance of the tank.
Removing the water will give you room to add more tank water to the starfish's shipping container. It is allowing you to continue gradually acclimating your starfish to its new water.
You can use the same cup you were using to add water to remove the water.
12. **Repeat this process again.** Once again, add tank water to the shipping container and then dump some of the water in the shipping container out. Like before, add a 1/2 cup (.25 pt) of water from the tank into the shipping container. Do this every 5 minutes, so that the change continues to be gradual.
Then dump half of the water out of the shipping container and begin filling it from the tank once again.
Repeat this process several times.
13. **Move the starfish into the aquarium.** Once you have acclimated the starfish to its new water, you can move it into its new home. Remove the starfish from the shipping container and place it on a rock in the aquarium.
Do not expose the starfish to the air during the acclimation process since starfish are very sensitive to changes in oxygen.
Watch to see that the starfish move around on the rock. This could take a few minutes.
14. **Pick a type of starfish.** There are a variety of types of starfish that can be kept in aquariums. Ask what types are available at your local aquarium store and search online retailers for options. Some types of starfish that can be kept in aquariums include:
Bahama stars
Linckia starfish
Sand cleaning sea stars
Marble sea stars
Harlequin serpent stars
Chocolate chip starfish
15. **Order your starfish.** Find an aquarium store in your area that sells starfish or can order one for you. You can also order one from an online retailer directly. A reputable online supplier should have healthy creatures and should know how to ship starfish properly.
If the creature is less stressed when shipped, it is more likely to survive.
16. **Examine your starfish once it arrives.** If you ordered your starfish online, you will need to look it over right away when it is delivered. Check for discoloration, spots, or injury and make sure the starfish's body is firm before starting the acclimation process.
Contact your supplier immediately if you notice anything that may be suspicious or wrong. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Acclimate-Starfish", "language": "en"} |
How to Be a Good Husband and Father | Being a husband and a father are perhaps two of the most important roles you may have in your life, so it's completely normal to want to put your best foot forward. Start by showing consideration for your family and learning to communicate with them more effectively. Remember that to take good care of your family, you must take care of yourself, so implement positive lifestyle choices that support your health and well-being, too.
1. **Be there when it matters.** Some moments may really stand out in your family, such as when your spouse gets passed up for a big promotion or the moment your young child learns to bike without training wheels. As a spouse and a parent, you won’t be able to be there for every single moment in their lives, but try to be there when it matters most.
Avoid missing out on important sporting events, recitals, anniversaries or birthdays whenever possible. If you know it’s important to your spouse or kids, try your best to make it. If you can’t, let them know how upset you are to miss it and be sure you’re there next time.
2. **Show interest in your spouse and kids.** It’s common for many families to fall into a ho-hum pattern of only discussing things like the kids’ grades, bills, household repairs, and who’s picking up whom from sports practice. Strike a new chord when communicating with your spouse and kids by adding some new topics to the conversation.
If you never ask your spouse about their day job, ask “So, how’s that big project coming along at work?”
If you never inquire about your children's friends, you might say “How’s Rebecca adjusting to the new school?”
Changing up the way you talk helps show your family that you’re interested in them and what’s important to them.
3. **Be a role model and practice what you preach.** Don’t expect your children to follow your advice if your own behavior goes against it. Hold yourself accountable for meeting the same standards that you set for your kids.
For instance, don’t lie in front of your kids--even little fibs--if you are emphasizing the importance of honesty.
If helping out is a big deal in your family, be the first to pitch in with chores or household responsibilities.
4. **Date your spouse.** When’s the last time you took your spouse out on a date? When were you last romantic and spontaneous? If it’s been a while, commit to dating your spouse more often. Compare schedules and agree on dates and times when the two of you will go out together sans kids.
Dating your spouse also refers to behaviors you did when you were dating. For example, maybe you made them breakfast in bed or regularly purchased a bouquet of flowers to surprise them. Pick those romantic habits back up and watch how your marriage transforms.
5. **Encourage open and honest communication.** The best husbands and fathers regularly talk to and listen to their spouse and children. When your family feels like you actively make time to hear them out, they will be more forthcoming with communication. Good communication starts early on, so try to implement positive practices as soon as possible.
Power off your phone or mute the TV and turn to face your loved one when they are talking.
Let your loved ones know that you are interested in talking to them by making yourself available and paying attention when they’re around.
Ask open-ended questions to show your interest, like “So what do you like most about this TV show?”
6. **Be an active listener.** Many husbands can probably admit to tuning out their spouse and kids every now and then. So, you could probably benefit from freshening up your listening skills. Practice devoting your full attention to your loved ones when they're talking—this one tip could benefit your entire family.
Turn to face the person who's talking and make regular eye contact. Nod or encourage them to share.
Before you rush to the next subject or end the discussion, sum up what was said to show you were actually listening. Say something like “It seems like work has you stressed out. Am I right?”
7. **Avoid judging or criticizing.** A common barrier for effective communication is jumping in with judgments or criticisms. When you do this, your spouse and kids put up walls and are hesitant to talk to you. Instead of judging or criticizing, ask more questions that help you better understand their perspectives.
For instance, don’t ask “Why would you do that?,” ask “What happened?” Or, say something like, "Hmm...Tell me more about that."
8. **Use meal times for conversation.** Meals are a special way for families to come together. Eating meals together promotes bonding and fosters communication. Dedicate this time for catching up on one another's days or discussing important issues.
Take turns going around the table having everyone share the "peaks and pits" (highs and lows) of their day.
Take advantage of everyone's presence to share family values or broach difficult subjects with your children, such as bullying.
9. **Be a team player.** Your behavior should reflect the notion that you and your spouse are on the same team. This covers basically everything from splitting household and parenting duties to backing up your spouse when they discipline the children.
If you aren’t currently being a team player, you might ask your spouse, “What can I do to be a team player?”
Being a team player helps you to support your spouse, but it will also reduce conflict between you and minimize the kids’ chances of undermining either of you.
10. **Carve out regular quality time for your family.** Good husbands and dads have a strong bond with their family, so be intentional about spending time with your spouse and kids as a group and one-on-one. Schedule in bonding time throughout the week.
You might start a new tradition of playing games or watching movies every Saturday night for group bonding time.
For individual time, try sharing a hobby with your kids, such as tossing around a ball with one child or listening to another child practice the violin. Rise early to share a cup of coffee and enjoy the sunrise with your spouse before the kids wake.
11. **Embrace other family ties.** As a husband and a father, you can help your family build strong values by emphasizing the importance of family ties. Whenever possible, try to get your own family and in-laws over for a meal or involve them in your kids' upbringing.
Plan a regular family outing or gathering, such as Sunday brunch.
Ask your family and in-laws for parenting advice and invite them to parties and sporting events for your children.
12. **Cherish old traditions and build new ones.** Good family values also include observing religious holidays, cultural rituals, and family traditions. This might include celebrating Hanukkah, attending church services, praying, or exchanging gifts on Christmas. Show respect to existing family beliefs and traditions and create new ones that are distinct to your family unit.
If you and your spouse have the same views, share those beliefs with your children. If your views differ, find a happy medium so that your children have an understanding of both your backgrounds and beliefs. You can also try blending or alternating celebrations from both traditions.
13. **Unplug regularly to focus on your face-to-face relationships.** If you’re the type to immediately turn on the TV or laptop after a long day at work, try powering off the electronics for a while. Focusing on sports, TV shows, social media, or even bringing work home could create distance between you and your family. Give them the gift of being physically and mentally present.
If you typically use electronics throughout the evening, create an earlier cut-off time to devote more attention to your spouse and children.
Spend the extra time catching up with your spouse, reading to your kids, or playing board games together.
If you have to do some homework, then let your family know exactly how much time you will need and when you will be available again.
14. **Get enough sleep.** When you’re raising small kids, sleep often gets kicked to the curb. Unfortunately, depriving yourself of sleep can make you grumpy or irritable during family time. Improve your mood and have lots of energy to play with your kids by getting 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night.
Sleep better by shutting off electronic devices at least an hour before bed. Do soothing activities like light-reading, taking a warm bath, or making love to your spouse.
15. **Eat a nutrient-rich diet.** Parents often stress the importance of eating healthy to their kids, but you may not be following that advice yourself. Eat well-balanced, nutritious meals to fuel your body so that you can be productive at work and still have energy left over for your family.
Eat a diet rich in vitamins and minerals, including whole foods like fruits and vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and nuts and seeds. Be sure to drink plenty of water.
Reduce the amount of junk food and processed foods you consume.
16. ** Exercise** Physical activity is one of the best ways to support physical health, live longer, and manage everyday stress. Plus, if you exercise with your spouse and kids, you’ll be modeling healthy habits for your whole family.
Plan a fun night of bowling with your spouse and kids. Or, go for a family bike-ride or hike on weekends.
If your favorite form of exercise is a solo one, such as running, then make sure to also plan some activities that will involve your whole family.
17. **Manage your stress effectively.** Because children often pick up their parent’s habits, strive to develop healthy ways of handling stress. Instead of turning to alcohol, drugs, gambling, or compulsive shopping, stick to healthy habits like exercise, relaxation techniques, and self-care.
When stress hits, try meditation, deep breathing, or yoga to quell the tension.
Build a self-care routine that allows you to regularly engage in fun, nourishing activities like gardening, getting a haircut, or listening to your favorite music.
18. **Build a strong support system.** You might be so consumed with your marital, parenting, and work responsibility, that you don't prioritize other social relationships. Take measures to keep an active social life, so that you have healthy outlets for stress.
Join a club or organization relating to your career or a hobby. Participate in a church or civic group in your area. Or, start a Meetup group for dads to gather in your local community.
Your social network is a valuable resource for getting advice and encouragement for being a better husband and father. It can be helpful to talk with other men about your role as a husband and father. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-Good-Husband-and-Father", "language": "en"} |
How to Make Your Girlfriend Love You | Ever find yourself in a relationship where you're uncertain about how the other person feels about you? One of the things you need to know about happy relationships is that they always have to be moving forward. Winning and maintaining the love of your partner requires a lot of work, but it is possible with the help of much thoughtfulness and effort on your part.
1. **Never stop talking.** Psychologists have said that effective communication is one of the key factors in successful relationships. Keep communicating and put effort into talking. This doesn't mean that you can never pause or enjoy a moment of silence, but is instead meant more metaphorically.
There may be times when you feel like you have nothing more to say, but if you want to have that spark, there are lots of ways to keep the communication channels flowing beyond "pass the salt, please."
2. **Talk about your future.** Talk about your life, the things you want to do, your future goals and aspirations and the like. Do you see college or university in your future? What kind of job do you plan on having? These are potential topics of conversation.
Women generally like men who have a vision for their futures and work towards that vision.
3. **Talk about her.** Discuss her interests, her friends and her family. Ask her about her friends, her family and their lives, and have long conversations about how she likes to spend her days. What are her hobbies? What are her likes and dislikes?
Talk about everyday things that interest her, be it shopping, cooking, listening to music, or blogging. Your girlfriend will feel special in that you're willing to stop and listen to her. Many women find it annoying when men just talk about themselves.
Talking about your girlfriend's interests will help her see that you're genuinely interested in knowing everything about her and her life. It also shows her that you're intent on sticking around for a while.
Be genuine. Don't fake an interest in something; this could backfire and end up hurting her feelings.
You may find that you share common hobbies, thus bonding you more tightly. And when you do meet her friends or family, you'll already have a bunch of conversation starters with which to impress them!
4. **Play the questions-and-answers game.** Social psychology researchers have found that asking questions to one another almost always make two people feel better about each other and want to see each other again.
The top 5 questions to ask are: 1) Given the choice of anyone in the world, whom would you want to go out for dinner with? 2) Would you like to be famous? 3) Before making a phone call, do you ever rehearse what you're going to say? Why? 4) What would make a perfect day for you? 5) When did you last sing to yourself and/or to someone else?
You should each take a turn answering each question and do so in order..
5. **Talk about her beliefs.** All of us have our own individual views about life but we often keep these to ourselves. By inviting her to open up about the big questions of life, you'll understand more about who she is at her very core and her value system.
Ask her about whether she attends church or how she was raised. Ask whether she plans to keep up her family's beliefs and traditions.
Getting into the big stuff will show her that you're committed and also that you're able to be serious as well as playful.
6. **Talk about your childhoods and your pasts.** Childhood memories are always fun to talk about and to listen to, especially if they involve something embarrassing or hilarious. Talk about your first crush or the time you did something silly. Then get her to spill all of her stories.
Both of you will benefit from learning more about each others' histories. You'll laugh and get a better sense of how the other person came to be who they are today.
Talking even about painful, embarrassing or hurtful past memories will also show her that you trust her enough to tell her the less savory stories alongside the funny ones. Hopefully she will show her trust in you by disclosing her past experiences too.
7. **Give her compliments and romance.** Compliment your girlfriend on her dress or thank her for something special she did for you.
Genuine compliments can lead to better romance and more romantic conversations; they let her know that you think she's special and that you feel lucky to be with her.
Don't just compliment her looks. Her personality is really what you love, so let her know how funny, clever, and smart she is.
8. **Talk about world events.** Show her that you're well informed and are an engaged civic actor. She'll respect you for caring about the world around you.
You'll also learn a lot about each other and your political views. You can start to check in about your compatibility.
9. **Talk about your life for the day.** Generally, women end up talking more about their days while men just listen. But guys can talk too! Be open and tell her about all of the little things you did that day, whether it be at school or work or at home. This keeps you two engaged in each other's day-to-day life, which is, let's be honest, not the most exciting, but is highly important. It's the everyday that keeps you connected; this is way long-distance relationships are so challenging.
10. **Talk about your fears.** Girls love a guy who can open up and be frank about his fears. You can tell her your girl about the big things that scare you (e.g., like saying "I love you" or someday getting married) and also about your other, more everyday fears (e.g., like spiders, heights, or your own cooking!)
11. **Be honest.** Tell her how you feel irrespective of whether it's good or bad. You can work wonders if tell her what you're thinking and feeling and then listen with an open mind.
12. **Do activities together.** Spending time together is one of the best ways to fall in love. Go on dates and do things that you both like to do. Just having fun together will help your girlfriend realize how happy she is with you.
13. **Make future plans.** Show her that you see her in your future. Planning for the future is an indicator of your commitment and is also a healthy ingredient for a budding relationship.
Start making "we" statements (e.g. "We" should get furniture for your new dorm room. "We" should go see that movie you've been wanting to see next weekend, etc.).
For example, if you're with someone who loves art, make plans to go to the Getty Museum. If she likes ice hockey, suggest you both go to a game.
Start planning holidays and special dates. This is always a fun time in a relationship. Decide when you'll see her family and when you'll spend with yours over big holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas. She'll love that you're thinking ahead and showing your that she and her family are a priority for you, especially during busy times like the holidays.
By talking about the future, and even just the short-term future, you're helping her imagine herself with you down the line.
14. **Show her respect and appreciation.** If she asks you to not to use a particular word or requests or asks that you call her father Mr. So-and-So, then agree to accommodate her request. This isn't "giving in" to her "demands," but instead respecting her wishes.
Respect her individuality first and foremost. A woman who feels that her boyfriend allows her to make her own decisions is more likely to remain in a relationship than a woman who feels that she is being told what to do all the time. Don't compare her to other women. Accept and embrace that she is her own unique individual.
Don't intimidate or force her into doing things she doesn't want to do. This is a sure-fire way to an unhealthy relationship.
15. **Get intimate.** This doesn't necessarily mean engaging in sexual activity, but instead creating closeness and sexual chemistry. Physical and emotional intimacy is a key component of healthy, loving relationships.
Stay physically connected. Hold hands or put your arm around your girlfriend while you walk to together. Kiss her. Show her with actions how physically close you want to be and how attracted you are to her.
16. **Introduce her to your friends.** This signifies to her that you're in this for the long haul and that you want to make her a part of, and not just an accessory, to your life.
17. **Clean up your act.** Women are generally very pleased when a guy keeps his room, car, clothes and body in good order. Keeping things tidy shows your girlfriend that you are an adult man capable of having a committed, adult-style relationship. You're proving you're worthy of her time and attention.
Pay special attention to the refrigerator, sink, and bathroom. She'll notice.
18. **Be yourself.** You want her to fall in love with you, not some version of you that you read on a website. Like Star Wars? Are you a crazy hockey buff? Are you vegetarian? Don't hide aspects of yourself. After all, you deserve to be loved for who you are just as much as she does.
19. **Surprise her.** Show her how much you care by going above and beyond. Exceed her expectations.
For example, if she asks you to help with an after-school project, go the extra mile and pick up all the supplies in advance and show up ready to help out. She'll be both surprised and impressed if you do more than she expected.
Surprise her with things she likes to show her that you've listened. Have flowers delivered to her, bring her lunch during her break at work, or get tickets for a show she wants to see.
Don't be shy in being creative and thinking "out of the box." Think of ways you can surprise your girlfriend that are unique to your relationship. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Your-Girlfriend-Love-You", "language": "en"} |
How to Clicker Train Your Dog | Clicker training is a popular way to train your dog and reward his good behavior. It can be fun for you and your dog and often produces quick and effective results. Clicker training is based on the scientific concept that an animal will continue to do a behavior that is rewarded. Once your dog understands what the clicker is all about, you will be able to teach him all kinds of tricks with plenty of rewards along the way.
1. **Learn how to use a clicker.** A clicker, which is available at your local pet store, is a small, handheld plastic device with a button or small metal tongue that you press down on to make a clicking noise. The key to using a clicker is to use it at the moment that your dog performs the expected behavior. The sound of a click should always be followed by some type of reward (eg, food, toys, verbal praise).
Keep in mind that the clicker is the signal that a reward is coming, rather than being the reward itself.
With the clicker, your dog will learn two main things–the exact moment that he is doing the right thing, and that a treat always comes after the click.
The clicker can be a much more precise method than verbal cues ("good" or "thanks") to communicate with your dog during a training session. This can help speed up the pace of training.
You could think of the clicker like the winning buzzer on a game show–the noise signals the exact moment that the correct behavior or action is being performed.
2. **Introduce your dog to the clicker.** Before you can use the clicker for training purposes, you will need to teach your dog what the clicker means to him. This is known as “charging” the clicker. While you are in the room with your dog (any quiet room will do), hold a treat in one hand and the clicker in the other. Press down on the clicker once. When your dog turns to you at the sound of the click, immediately give him the treat.
You will need at least a handful of treats, since you will be practicing this over and over.
Repeat this several times. Vary the amount of time that you hold the treat in your hand before using the clicker so that your dog does not begin to expect when the treat will come.
If your dog wants to sniff and try to get at the treat, keep your hand closed and wait until he loses interest in the treat before using the clicker.
3. **Observe your dog’s response to the clicker.** Some dogs may be sensitive to the sound of the clicker. If your dog runs away when he hears the clicker, the sound is probably a little too harsh for him. To soften the sound, you could wrap a towel around the clicker. You could also use a different clicking device, such as a ballpoint pen, that would have a quieter clicking sound.
If he continues to run away from the clicking noise, you will probably need to rely more on verbal cues to train him.
4. **Choose a quiet location.** Once your dog has learned what to expect with the sound of the clicker, you can use it to train him to do different commands (e.g., sit, down, stay). It would be best to train him in a quiet location without other people or distractions around. If you have a fenced in backyard, you could also clicker train him outside.
As your dog becomes more comfortable with clicker training, you can use the clicker in areas that are louder or have more distractions (e.g., room with a TV on, dog park).
5. **Click when your dog is in the act of good behavior.** One method of clicker training your dog is called “catching”– you will click as soon as you catch your dog doing a good behavior that he’s already pretty good at doing on his own. For example, if he is in the room with you and decides to lie down to get more comfortable, click as soon as he lies down and immediately throw him a treat. When he gets up to eat the treat, wait until he lies down again and repeat the process.
The “catching” method will only work when your dog already knows how to do the good behavior without being commanded to do so.
The clicker training will reinforce to him that he is doing the right thing, which will encourage him to repeat the good behavior.
6. **Use the clicker at each small step of a new behavior.** This is called “shaping”– by using the clicker and immediate reward at each small step, you are shaping the new behavior as a whole. For example, if you want to train your dog to go lie down in a specific area, click and reward him as soon as he turns his body in the direction of that area. You can then click and reward him at each small step: beginning to walk to the new spot, arriving at the new spot, starting to lie down, and fully lying down on the floor.
By using the clicker and reward at each small step, you will be providing him with continual positive reinforcement as he is learning the new behavior. He will think that this learning is fun and will likely perform the new behavior with eagerness.
You may need to practice each step of the new behavior over and over again before moving to the next small step.
7. **Use a food lure.** For this method, the treat is used to lure your dog into doing the expected behavior. A food lure is commonly used when training a dog to lie down. For this behavior, you would hold the treat right in front of your dog’s nose and slowly move the treat down to the floor. Your dog will follow the treat down. When his elbows hit the floor, immediately click and reward him with the treat.
When you see that your dog consistently responds with the food lure, remove the food lure but continue to hold your hand in front of his nose as if you have a treat. When he lies down, immediately use the clicker and give him a treat.
Eventually, your dog will learn how to lie down by following only your hand signals without the lure of a treat.
The “lure” method can sometimes be quicker than the “shaping” or “catching” methods.
8. **Add a verbal cue.** Adding a verbal cue is helpful regardless of which method of clicker training you have been using to train your dog. You will say the cue first and then wait for your dog to do the desired behavior. As soon as he does the behavior, click and reward him with a treat.
Your verbal cue should be short and direct, such as "sit" or "down." Sentences, such as "Be a good boy and stay" or "Roll over for mommy" would be too long.
Make sure that you give the verbal cue before your dog does the behavior so that he knows to listen for your command and then respond to it.
If you have used the “lure” method, give the hand signal after saying the verbal cue. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clicker-Train-Your-Dog", "language": "en"} |
How to Teach Literature to College Students | Teaching a college literature course for the first time can be intimidating. However, if you are well-prepared, the idea of teaching college literature class should start to sound fun and exciting. To teach literature to college students, you will need to incorporate strategies that work at the college level, find ways to maintain a positive class environment, develop a teaching strategy that is comfortable for you, and design a course that meets your department’s requirements.
1. **Motivate students to do the reading with quizzes.** One of the biggest challenges of teaching college literature is getting your students to come to class prepared. One way to motivate your students to do the readings and come to class ready to discuss them is to give daily reading quizzes.
You can either create simple short answer quizzes or assign writing prompts that will test your students' knowledge of the reading. Give these quizzes at the beginning of every class. You may even incorporate the quizzes into your class discussions, such as by asking students to share their answers.
Make sure that you give an adequate amount of points for the quizzes and responses. For example, if the quizzes for the entire semester are only worth 5% of the overall grade, then some students may not see these as worthy of their time and effort. Instead, consider making the quizzes worth around 20 to 30% of the total grade.
2. **Require students to come to class with questions.** Another option to motivate students to do the assigned readings is to require students to come to class with questions about the reading. You can then use your students' questions to kick off the class discussion.
For example, you might require your students to bring in a set of three discussion questions per class and invite students to ask questions at random. Then, you could also collect the questions at the end of the class and give points to students who completed the questions.
Make sure that you explain how to write a good discussion question before you start requiring your students to bring in questions. Explain to students that good discussion questions should be open-ended. They should not result in a yes or no answer, or a single answer, such as “What was the name of Mrs. Dalloway’s visitor?” Instead, a good question might be something like, “What is the significance of the lines from Shakespeare’s Cymbeline that Mrs. Dalloway reads? Do these lines seem to have importance to anyone else but her? Why or why not?”
3. **Provide participation opportunities within lectures.** If you give a lecture, make sure that you include a participation opportunity about every seven to 10 minutes. These opportunities should allow your students to respond, discuss, or ask questions about the material. Some good strategies that you might use include:
Asking questions. For example, while reading Mrs. Dalloway, you might ask your students something like, “What is the purpose of an internal dialogue?”
Having students share a similar experience with a neighbor. While reading Mrs. Dalloway, you could encourage students to identify something that they have in common with Clarissa, or another character.
Requesting that students paraphrase a concept that was just described. If you introduce a theoretical concept that sheds light on the text you are reading, then you might request that your students break into pairs or small groups and attempt to put the concept into their own words.
4. **Incorporate theory.** At the college level, students should be exposed to literary theory. If your department has a specific course meant to introduce students to theory, then you may be able to request that students incorporate theory into papers or presentations. If not, then you may need to provide some instruction to help students understand and use literary theory.
For example, you could require students to craft discussion questions that incorporate a specific type of literary theory, such as feminist, psychoanalytic, or Marxist theory. Or, you could assign different schools of literary theory to individual students or small groups and require them to develop an analysis of a text using that theory.
5. **Discuss specific passages with your students.** Close reading is essential when teaching literature at the college level, so make sure that you devote plenty of class time to close reading. Try to pick one passage per class or invite a student to pick one passage per class and focus on it for 15 to 20 minutes.
For example, you might invite one student per class to read a favorite paragraph aloud and invite the rest of the class to discuss that paragraph.
You can also ask other students to point to other areas of the text that connect with the first student’s chosen paragraph as a way to deepen the conversation.
6. **Turn in-class discussions into in-class writing assignments.** Some passages may be too difficult for students to develop a response on the spot. In these situations, you can always direct your students to free write to help them generate ideas.
For example, if you notice that students are struggling to comment on a passage or that the discussion is limited to only a handful of students, give them five to 10 minutes to free write about the passage.
Avoid filling the silence with your voice. Keep in mind that there will be times when your students are silent, but it is usually because they are struggling with a question or concept. Allow them some time to struggle silently rather than giving them your answers.
7. **Include group activities.** Some students will not feel comfortable speaking up in class, at least early on. Therefore, it is helpful to include small group activities into your classes so that all students have the opportunity to contribute to class discussions. Including group activities, or cooperative learning, in your classroom can also benefit students by providing them with the opportunity to learn from their peers.
You might begin some of your classes by dividing your students into groups and assigning them a question about the day’s reading. Or, you might ask students to focus on a particular passage or chapter and develop some ideas and/or questions to add to the class discussion.
For example, if you are reading Mrs. Dalloway, then you might start the class by asking students, “How does Virginia Woolf transition from one character’s point of view to another? Find an example from the text to support your answer.”
8. **Use scaffolding to teach difficult skills.** Scaffolding is when you teach students to do something that is one level beyond their abilities and then support them through the task. The students should develop mastery over the skill after practicing it a few times and then you can remove the support.
For example, you might introduce close reading by guiding your students through a close reading of a passage during one class, then provide your students with chances to do the same during class time. Then, you might ask your students to do a close reading of a passage outside of class and write about it in a paper.
9. **Model skills and strategies in the classroom.** Your students will often observe you and emulate the skills that you model for them in your class. Therefore, it is important that you model the types of skills that you want your students to learn.
For example, you might model good questions for your students with the questions that you ask in class. Or, you might model good writing for your students by showing your students a paper that you wrote while you were a student.
10. **Ask questions.** Asking questions can help students to connect what they have read with their own knowledge and experiences. It is especially important to ask questions that will help your students make connections between the readings and their own lives. Make sure that you ask your students some thoughtful questions during classes to help them find effective ways to enter the conversation.
Focus on open answer questions, rather than yes, no, and other single answer questions. Ask questions that start with “Why” and “How.” If you do ask any single answer questions, then make sure that you invite students to say more by asking “Why” and “How” questions.
For example, if you have just finished reading Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, then you might ask your students something like, “How does Woolf tell the story?” and “What does this format reveal about the way we narrate our own lives?”
11. **Use visual aids.** Using images, films, and other visual aids can be quite beneficial for students who are more visual learners. No matter what your preferred form of teaching, you should consider incorporating some kind of visual aid into your classes. This can range from high-tech, such as a PowerPoint, to low-tech, such as notes and doodles on the whiteboard.
For example, creating a PowerPoint that pairs difficult concepts with images may help some students to gain understanding of a book that a spoken lecture might not.
Films can also be helpful aids to include. For example, you might use a film to provide a compliment to a complicated scene in a book, or as a point of comparison after the class has finished reading a book.
12. **Encourage your students.** To maintain a positive environment in your literature class, you will have to offer your students encouragement for contributing to the discussion. This can just be a simple, “Thanks for bringing that up,” after a student finishes a comment or question. Or, you can offer more personal responses. For example, you might say something like, “I wondered the same thing when I first read Mrs. Dalloway.”
Thank your students at the end of each class for their participation as well. For example, you might say something like, “I really enjoyed our discussion today. Thank you all for contributing such excellent ideas.”
Avoid criticizing your students’ interpretations or shutting them down if something is unclear. If something that a student says is unclear, then you can prompt the student to clarify by asking something like, “That is an interesting thought. Why do you say that?” Or, “It seems like you are wrestling with a difficult concept. Do you want to expand or open up the topic to the rest of the class?”
Avoid praising the quality of a question. Saying that you think a question is “good” might lead others to think that their questions are not good. Therefore, try to avoid this type of praise. Instead, stick to remarks that will encourage students. You can even use non-verbal encouragement, such as smiling, nodding your head, or giving a thumbs up.
13. **Work with a mentor.** Some departments may assign you a mentor to help you as you begin to teach. If your department does not assign you a mentor, then you might consider choosing someone for yourself. Choose someone who you think is well-suited to help you develop your teaching skills.
For example, if you are a medievalist, then you might ask another medievalist in your department if he or she would be willing to serve as your mentor. However, having the same scholarly interests is not a requirement for a good mentor. You might simply choose someone who you think would make a good mentor because of his or her personality and experience.
14. **Develop your knowledge of pedagogy.** You can improve your knowledge of pedagogy and what works for teaching literature by attending conferences and by reading articles about teaching literature. Try to view presentations and read articles that connect with the texts you are teaching.
For example, if you are teaching Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, you can read journal articles about the most successful pedagogical strategies for teaching this work. Or, if you attend an author specific conference, such as a Virginia Woolf conference, then you might try to attend pedagogy presentations that discuss teaching Woolf in general or a specific text, such as The Waves or Orlando.
15. **Reflect on your favorite professors.** Think back to the professors that taught your favorite college literature courses to start getting some ideas for teaching strategies. Some questions you might ask yourself include:
What teaching methods did your favorite professors use in class?
What did you like about these teaching methods?
How did these methods help you to understand and discuss difficult texts?
What (if anything) would you change about these methods if you decide to use them in your class?
16. **Identify your strengths.** Based on past teaching experiences, you may already have a sense of what you excel at in the classroom. For example, you might be really good at making and giving PowerPoint presentations, or facilitating class discussions, or developing interesting group activities.
Make a list of your strengths in the classroom as well as any other personal strengths that you think might lead you towards some effective teaching strategies.
17. **Ask colleagues for suggestions.** Your more experienced colleagues are excellent resources for learning about teaching strategies and getting lesson plan ideas. Whether you are a graduate assistant who is just starting to teach or a tenure track professor, you can learn something new from a more experienced member of your department.
Try setting up a meeting with someone who also teaches literature in your department. Ask for suggestions on what works, feedback on your current ideas, resources that might help you, and general advice.
Consider asking to observe other literature classes to see how other teachers encourage discussion.
18. **Write out your teaching philosophy.** A teaching philosophy communicates your goals and values as a teacher. Creating a teaching philosophy may even help you to develop your teaching skills, so it is a good idea to write out your teaching philosophy even if you do not need to. Most teaching philosophies include:
your ideas about teaching and learning
a description of the strategies that you use to teach
an explanation of why you teach the way that you do
19. **Check the departmental requirements.** Your English department might have specific guidelines for the course you are teaching, so it is important to check before you start designing your course. For example, you might be required to teach specific texts, give certain assignments, or incorporate specific concepts.
Ask your department chair or another supervisor if you can see other professors' syllabi to get ideas about how your course should look. Use these syllabi to help you determine how you can meet the department’s requirements for the course.
20. **Consider choosing a theme.** If you are teaching a special course for your department, then you may already have a theme. However, you can always add a theme for even more focus. If the course does not have a theme, then you may find it easier to identify readings and craft assignments by choosing a theme. Some common literature course themes include:
African American literature
Author courses, such as Shakespeare, Chaucer, or Dickens
Family
Food
Gender
Myth
Rural or Urban literature
Symbolism
Time periods, such as the 20th century, the Enlightenment, or the Renaissance
Types of literature, such as poetry, short stories, drama, or novels
Utopian or dystopian literature
Women writers
21. **Make a list of books and other texts.** Once you have identified your theme, start listing potential texts that you could teach for that course. This list may include far more books or other works than you could realistically teach. Just keep in mind that you can narrow down your list later on.
You can also ask colleagues for suggestions. Someone who has taught for a long time might be able to suggest texts that work really well for the course you are teaching.
For example, if you wanted to teach a course that focuses on women writers, then you might include on your list works by Virginia Woolf, Sylvia Plath, Toni Morrison, and Zora Neale Hurston.
22. **Develop a reading schedule.** Once you have decided on the works that you will include in your course, you will need to develop a reading schedule. First, decide what order you would like your students to read the texts. Then you can devise a schedule for how much of each text you will read each week.
Consider the length of the texts as you develop your reading schedule. For books and other long works, you will need to break the readings into manageable sections. For short works, such as poems or short stories, you may be able to read the entire piece for one class.
23. **Choose assignments.** Most literature classes require students to write at least one paper, but you can also include different types of assignments. For example, you might also include presentations, discussion leading activities, or quizzes and exams.
Make sure that you check the course requirements to determine what (if any) assignments are required by your department. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Teach-Literature-to-College-Students", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean Deer Antlers | It is easy to do regular cleanings on antlers when they get dusty and dirty. Cleaning a new set of antlers that you pick up on the hunt, however, is a bit more labor-intensive. You need to remove all biological material, ensuring that you don’t bring disease into your home. The whole process, however, should only take about an hour.
1. **Saw the antlers off the skull cap.** Get a hacksaw and place it against the antlers, at the point where the antlers meet the skull. Saw both the antlers off, while securing the skull so that it doesn’t move, altering the trajectory of the saw so that the cut is uneven.
Consider using a clamp to hold the skull in place, so that it doesn’t move while you saw it.
2. **Scrub the antlers with a wire brush.** You need to remove all remaining organic material from the antlers. Scrub every part of the antler well, but give special attention to the area where the antlers met the skull cap. This is where hair and tissue are most likely to be hiding.
Wire brushes are available at most hardware stores. They are abrasive enough to pick up tissue without requiring too much force.
3. **Boil the antlers outside.** Fill a large cooking pot with water and, for best results, a pinch of salt. Allow it to reach a boil on a stove or a fire pit. Once it boils, submerge the entire antler in the cooking pot and allow to boil for 30 minutes.
This step is important for removing dangerous bacteria from the antlers.
You should boil the antlers outside, otherwise they will stink up your house.
Before beginning, test to see if the cooking pot is large enough to fit the antlers inside. All of the antlers should be submerged during boiling. If you don’t have any pots large enough, you can try using prongs to force them underwater or adjust them periodically during the boiling process.
4. **Remove antlers from the boiling water after 30 minutes.** Keep prongs on hand that you can use to remove the antlers without burning yourself. The antlers will feel soft when you pull them out of the cooking pot, but they will harden up after a few minutes.
5. **Allow the antlers to air dry for a day.** Leave the antlers outside somewhere safe, where they will get sun and dry off. Do not, however, allow them to be out in the sun for more than 24 hours. The sun will erode the color of the antlers after more than a day of constant exposure.
6. **Apply water and soap to a towel.** Too much water can damage the antlers, so be sure that the towel is only damp, not wet. Squeeze excess water out of the towel. Apply a nonabrasive soap—not bleach.
Bleach and bleach-based cleaners can damage the antlers.
7. **Scrub the antlers with the towel.** Feel free to use force when scrubbing the antlers. Scrub until all dust and grime has been removed.
8. **Dry the antlers with a towel.** You do not want the antlers to remain wet. Use a new towel that is dry to go over them, picking up excess moisture. It is alright if the antlers are still somewhat damp at the end of the process. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Deer-Antlers", "language": "en"} |
How to Become Ambidextrous | Most people are naturally either right-handed or left-handed, but some people (the lucky ones) are ambidextrous. Did you know that you can actually become ambidextrous though, even if you aren't already? That's right—by following the steps below, soon you'll be writing and doing activities like sports with both hands equally. Keep reading to get started!
1. **Do exercises to strengthen your non-dominant hand and fingers.** Your non-dominant hand is most likely a lot less strong than your dominant hand, which makes it harder at first to become ambidextrous. Lift some light weights with your non-dominant hand every other day, with a focus on keeping a tight grip to work your hands rather than your arms. Use heavier weights as you go to continue strengthening your hand.
Lifting weights is one of the best ways to strengthen your hand, but you can also use a grip exerciser to work out your hand.
You may also benefit from juggling or simply tossing a ball up into the air with your non-dominant hand. This will make you more comfortable using that hand while also developing better hand-eye coordination.
Focus on activities that help with your coordination and function.
2. **Use your non-dominant hand to work the computer mouse.** There are lots of benefits to switching your mouse hand, but one of the main benefits is that it increases the dexterity in your non-dominant hand. Simply move your ordinary mouse over to the opposite side of the computer and use it as you normally would from here on out.
You can also opt to invest in an “ambidextrous” mouse from a tech store, but it’s much simpler to just use an ordinary mouse.
3. **Start performing small daily tasks with your non-dominant hand.** Use your non-dominant hand to do things like brush your teeth, open doors, put on accessories, or clean up around your home. Do this as consistently as you can to make using your non-dominant hand feel less awkward.
Try to do as much as you can with your non-dominant hand, such as applying soap and shampoo when you bathe. You may not realize it, but you probably do most of these small tasks with your dominant hand.
Make sure to brush your teeth correctly when using your non-dominant hand. If you’re not comfortable brushing with this hand, you may inadvertently underbrush.
If you play an instrument, try playing with your non-dominant hand instead of your ordinary method of playing.
4. **Eat and cook with your non-dominant hand after a few days.** Use your non-dominant hand to move pots and pans, to stir food, and to serve it. Hold your silverware with your non-dominant hand and use it to move the food to your mouth. You may have to do this slowly at first to avoid dropping the food, but it will get easier with time!
It’s best to spend a few days getting used to performing small tasks with your non-dominant hand first, since cooking with boiling water or other heated materials can be a bit more dangerous.
5. **Tie your dominant hand behind your back to be even more immersive.** This method will force you to exclusively use your non-dominant hand to do everything. This is a great way to make your mind and body quickly adapt to using this hand, but you may want to do it after a few days of practice first.
The easiest way to do this would be tie your dominant wrist with rope, then tie the other end of that rope to the belt loop on the back of a pair of pants. This is a bit difficult to do by yourself, so you may need to have someone help you.
6. **Hold a pen or pencil with your non-dominant hand the same way you would with the other hand.** Write with your good hand in the mirror to see how it would look writing with your other hand. This gives you a clear visual cue to the method and helps your brain to picture the same action for your non-dominant hand. Then, practice holding the pen or pencil with your non-dominant hand so that it feels more comfortable.
Don’t "claw" your hand. It may be tempting to grasp the pen as tightly as possible, causing your hand to ball up like a claw, but this will only stop you from writing effectively and can end up hurting your hand.
Make sure you use a high-quality pen or pencil so you don't have to press hard on the paper.
7. **Start by tracing the alphabet with your non-dominant hand.** Start with lowercase letter and once the feeling becomes natural, you should then switch to uppercase. This will “introduce” your other hand to the ordinary movements involved in writing in a very easy way. Aim to produce straight lines and clean curves, but don’t worry if you make a lot of mistakes at first. Perform this practice routine for at least 10 minutes a day until you feel comfortable making clean movements.
Your hand may strain at the beginning, but just take a break and try again later. The tension will eventually go away.
Be sure to trace out the alphabet using your non-dominant hand in lowercase, uppercase, and cursive letters (if you know cursive).
Secure your piece of paper to your writing surface so it doesn't slide around.
8. **Move on to writing letters without tracing and drawing simple shapes.** Pin down some paper and start drawing butterflies, vases, symmetrical objects, letters, shapes, and whatnot. Although you may think your writing is awful at first, write a couple of lines every day from the start. You will only get better with practice!
It may be helpful to buy a handwriting book designed for children and follow along with the exercises. Using your non-dominant hand to color in a coloring book is also a good idea.
As you do this, pay attention to which letters you struggle with the most and spend some extra time practicing them.
9. **Practice writing your name and full sentences.** Your name will be the writing movement that you’re probably most familiar with, so it’s a very good set of letters to practice on. Try writing out a 3- to 5-sentence paragraph every day to get more comfortable with writing at length with your non-dominant hand.
Don't keep writing the same paragraph every day. Write a different one every day so your non-dominant hand doesn't get used to one paragraph only.
10. **Be sure to practice writing every day to improve your skills.** Practice these techniques daily for at least a month, maybe longer. Soon, you'll be writing much more comfortably with your non-dominant hand, with very few mistakes.
Try keeping a daily journal that you write in exclusively with your non-dominant hand. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Become-Ambidextrous", "language": "en"} |
How to Do Shadow Work | Do you ever ask yourself, “Why did I do that?” or “Why did I say that?” Chances are, if you’ve done something out of character, it’s because of your Shadow. Psychologists and spiritual healers use the practice of shadow work in relation to Carl Jung’s personality theory to help others face their “dark” side—so, is this something you can do yourself? Absolutely! In this beginner’s guide, we’ll teach you everything there is to know about shadow work. Take a deep breath, and get ready to heal the deepest parts of your soul.
1. **The Shadow is the part(s) of yourself you don’t want to claim.** In the 1900s, the psychologist Carl Jung divided the personality into 4 archetypes: Persona, Anima/Animus, Shadow, and Self. With his theories, the Shadow soon became a popular representation of the lesser, repressed sides of the soul. The Shadow comprises the personality traits and thoughts you wish you didn’t have—your “darker” side. Think of the Shadow as anything that is holding you back in life (trauma, perceptions, insecurities, etc.).
Not all traits and feelings of the Shadow are considered negative, as every individual will have a different view on what is negative.
For instance, celibacy may be pushed into the Shadow if an individual suppresses sexual desires because of an unwanted emotion or feeling. This doesn’t necessarily mean celibacy is “bad,” but it suggests that the individual has a negative reaction toward sexual intimacy.
2. **The Shadow may cause you to judge others.** Deep down, you may be afraid that people will judge you. To repress those feelings, you may repulsively judge others with the hope that they won’t have time to judge you.
For example, if someone was bullied as a child, they may bully others when they’re older as a reaction to repressing negative feelings of the past.
3. **The Shadow might have you pointing out other people’s flaws.** These are a reflection of your own insecurities, and projecting them onto others is an act of repression. If you find something undesirable in others, you can pretend it’s something you simply don’t like in another person rather than in yourself.
An example of this would be a father who lies punishing his child for lying.
4. **The Shadow could instigate you to play the victim.** To avoid being exposed to something unpleasant and showcasing a part of yourself you’d rather suppress, your Shadow may cause you to act as a victim. This unconscious strategy keeps responsibility and blame away from you and towards others.
For instance, if someone starts a verbal fight that later escalates into something physical, they may say they had no part in it even if they were the initial instigator.
5. **The goal of shadow work is to accept the darker parts of yourself.** Shadow work is the act of uncovering, acknowledging, and understanding the parts of yourself you instinctively want to suppress. Rather than acting on them unconsciously, you take notice of your Shadow and consciously integrate it into your whole self. This doesn’t happen overnight, and many psychologists suggest that shadow work is never completed or finished. It’s an ongoing practice meant to help you be more self-aware and conscious of your decisions and the world around you.
Shadow work gives you the chance to understand yourself better by facing the parts of yourself you’d rather ignore or disclaim.
6. **Take deep breaths before starting your practice.** Shadow work isn’t necessarily fun or easy. Because of this, it may be difficult to sit down with yourself and do the work. Grounding yourself with breathing exercises before starting a shadow work practice can help you feel present while calming the mind, body, and spirit.
7. **Take a step back and look at your life objectively.** Imagine you’re a bystander in your own life. In other words, how would a friend look at you? How would they react to your actions and behaviors in a given situation? Answering these questions will help you recognize behavioral patterns and feelings.
Observe patterns in the way you react to specific words, scenarios, or incidents.
Ask yourself, “Why did that get to me? Why did I feel that way? What triggered that behavior or emotion?”
Meditating and journaling at the end of the day can help you process your thoughts and reflect on your actions.
8. **Be honest with yourself.** Healing takes time, but progress won’t be made unless you’re completely honest with yourself. We know pulling back the curtain on your most undesirable traits is more than difficult, but you can do it. Know that even if the truth is hard to swallow, you’re learning from it, and it’s leading you to become the best version of yourself.
9. **Question your reactions.** Pause, reflect, and understand why you feel a certain way before you instinctively react. If you feel like you're about to judge someone or make a rude comment, refrain from it and question, “What triggered me to think this? Why was I about to say that?” Stopping and taking a moment to reflect will ultimately help you reframe your thoughts and actions to be more positive.
10. **Acknowledge, understand, and forgive your insecurities.** Now that you’ve discovered the aspects of your personality that have negatively impacted your life, it’s time to give yourself space to move on. Life is all about change; you’re expected to change with it, but don’t be afraid to question those changes. As you evolve, acknowledge the lesser parts of yourself you want to change, learn to understand why your thinking may have changed, and then forgive yourself.
This isn’t something that can happen overnight, and that’s okay. Go at your own pace, uncovering a new part of the Shadow when you’re ready. Healing takes time, so be gentle with yourself.
11. **Give art therapy a try.** Doodling, painting, dancing, and singing are passionate and artistic techniques that can help you get in touch with your Shadow. Pick your favorite medium (whether that’s oil paints or modern dance), and let your heart and soul pour out of you. This can help bring out repressed feelings and images for analysis.
12. **Visit a therapist who’s trained in shadow work.** Some therapists and psychologists are specifically trained to guide patients through shadow work. They may use a meditative state to help you uncover the deepest parts of your Shadow, asking questions to access repressed memories and analyze projections.
If you’re seeking professional help with shadow work, make sure to ask the therapist if they’re trained in shadow work before scheduling an appointment.
13. **Write your Shadow a letter.** With pen and paper, tell your Shadow how you feel about it. Has it caused you pain? Is there a part of you that’s jealous of its traits? Be open and honest—there’s no “right” or “wrong” way to do this. Then, once the letter is done, rip it up, toss it in a fire, or ball it up. This is a great way to release resentment while acknowledging your relationship with your Shadow.
14. **Say affirmations every day.** Speak your power into existence by reframing your Shadow. Think about your undesirable traits and how they negatively impact you. Then, consider how you can reframe the narrative into something positive. For instance, if you easily judge your body, try focusing on the affirmation, “I love my body for all it does for me.” Consider giving these affirmations a try:
I am worthy of love, affection, and respect.
I am powerful, strong, and courageous.
I honor and love my Shadow and own all parts of myself.
I speak the truth even when it’s hard to tell myself.
I deserve love and respect even at my lowest.
15. **Analyze what you’re avoiding.** In your journal or on a piece of paper, answer the question “What am I avoiding?” Write as much or as little as you want—just make sure not to restrict yourself. By answering this simple question, you’re acknowledging what you want to achieve from your shadow work.
For instance, if you answer, “I’m avoiding a relationship,” sit back and consider why you might be doing this. Perhaps you’re hurting from a recent breakup or are afraid of commitment.
16. **Empowerment** There’s something freeing about being able to control your reactions in a given situation. Shadow work is all about understanding the “why” behind your undesirable behavior and insecurities. When you ask yourself, “Why?” you take control of your perceptions and find your truth, which can be extremely empowering and eye-opening.
17. **Self-Improvement** Working on your inner self will help you become a better person. Shadow work functions on self-awareness and acknowledgment. When you learn to understand and forgive the negative sides of yourself, a huge weight is lifted off your chest, and you can start to be the best version of yourself with no strings attached.
18. **Healing** Shadow work is the part of the healing process that helps you confront your most repressed and resisted truths. Practicing shadow work gives you the power to know where and why you are unhealed or traumatized. By acknowledging and accepting your past and truths, you slowly begin to heal your relationship with yourself, accepting that you deserve to be healed. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Do-Shadow-Work", "language": "en"} |
How to Finish Pine Floors | Pine can serve as a beautiful softwood flooring in any home, whether you’ve just installed it yourself or had it professionally done. Unlike hardwood flooring, though, softwood does not come pre-finished. You’ll need to finish your own pine flooring using stain, varnish, or oil. For maximum protection and durability, give the floor 2 coats of stain or varnish and wait 24 hours for the floor to dry. Then apply a final coat of stain, varnish, or oil.
1. **Clean all dust and debris from the floor.** The pine flooring should be completely clean of all dust, dirt, and small rocks. Depending on the size of your flooring, run a damp mop or a rag over the surface of the floor. Make sure to clean in the corners of the room and remove dust from any nooks or crannies.
If your floor has just been installed, it won’t be covered in outside dirt. Instead, you’ll need to mop off leftover sawdust from the installation process.
2. **Fill countersunk nail holes with hardening putty.** Your pine flooring will have many nails driven into each of the wooden planks. Use one corner of the putty knife to scoop a fingernail-sized dollop of putty out of the jar. Apply the putty into the countersunk nail hole, and use the flat edge of the putty knife to smooth the hole flush with the flooring. The filled holes will level the floor and provide a uniform stained finish.
You can purchase both a putty knife and the hardening putty at a local hardware store. If the store offers different colors of hardening putty, select the color that most closely matches your floor.
3. **Give the putty 3 or 4 hours to dry.** Wait until the putty is fully dry before you begin to sand and finish the flooring. Gently press on the filled countersunk nail holes to make sure that the putty is firm.
4. **Sand the pine flooring with 120-grit sandpaper.** Whether your flooring is freshly installed or has been in place for years, it’s bound to have minor scuffs, marks, and scratches on it. Clear these unwanted marks by sanding the entire floor. Sand on your hands and knees using broad, straight strokes. Sand along the lines of the wood grain. Coarse 120-grit sandpaper will remove unwanted marks without adding scratches to the pine wood.
If you’re sanding a large area of flooring and prefer not to sand on your hands and knees, you can rent a sanding machine from a local hardware store.
To protect your lungs from the sawdust produced by sanding, wear a bandana or protective face mask over your mouth.
5. **Clean the floor with a damp rag or mop after sanding.** After you’ve sanded the floor, it will be covered with tiny pieces of wood dust. Remove these by dampening your mop and running it over the floor.
Alternately, you could dampen a clean, lint-free rag and use it to clean up the floor.
6. **Ventilate your working area.** Fumes from stain or varnish can be harmful to breathe. If the room you’re working in has external windows, open these as wide as possible. If you’d like to take a further safety precaution, rent a vapor-rated respirator and wear it while you’re staining the pine floor.
You can rent a vapor-rated respirator at a local hardware or home supply store.
Since you’ll be working with the windows open, it’s advisable to finish the pine flooring on a warm, rain-free day.
7. **Choose a color of stain if you’d like to darken the pine floor.** If you are not impressed with the natural color of the pine flooring and would like to darken it, you can purchase a stain to seal and darken the pine. Visit your local paint store and ask to peruse their stain selection.
Speak with the sales staff to determine which brand and variety of stain is best for your flooring, considering its location in your house and the amount of use it will receive.
8. **Select a clear varnish if you prefer not to alter the pine’s coloring.** The major difference between stain and varnish is that varnish will dry clear while stain will darken the color of your flooring. So, if you prefer the natural color of the pine flooring and just want to seal it to protect against moisture and scratches, opt for a varnish.
Unlike oil, varnish adheres to the top of the wood without soaking deep into the grain. Consequently, you can remove varnish if you decide to. Oil cannot be removed from wood.
9. **Apply a colorless oil to preserve the pine’s natural color.** Oils are a traditional softwood finish that will penetrate deep into the pine flooring. Oil finishes—unlike many varnishes—won’t peel or flake, and often look better with age. Types of oil commonly used to finish pine floors include:
Tung oil, which has a relatively low level of sheen. This leaves the pine with a more “natural” appearance.
Linseed oil, which is tarry and so brings out the grain of the pine.
Lemon or walnut oil, which are considered specialty oils and may be more expensive.
10. **Test the stain out on a small corner of flooring.** Before you stain the entire floor, test the stain in an inconspicuous are to make sure that you like the color. Apply the stain using a 3 in (7.6 cm) paintbrush. Let the stain dry for 24 hours.
If you like the appearance of the stained sample patch, you can proceed with staining the entire floor.
If you don’t like the appearance of the stained wood, select a different colored stain. Or, if you realize that you prefer the natural color of unstained pine, opt for a clear varnish instead.
11. **Roll on a thick coat of stain, varnish, or oil.** Pour the stain, varnish, or oil into a horizontal paint tray. Select either a wool paint roller or a paint roller with a medium nap. Apply a heavy layer of stain, varnish, or oil to your pine flooring. Roll the paint onto the flooring using long, even strokes.
Ensure that you apply a heavy coat by letting the roller brush absorb a generous amount of stain, varnish, or oil from the paint tray.
12. **Wait 15 minutes for the stain, varnish, or oil to dry.** Waiting will give the stain, varnish, or oil enough time to be absorbed by the wood. Stay out of the room while you wait. Otherwise, you may end up with an unsightly footprint on your finished flooring.
13. **Apply a second, lighter coat of stain, varnish, or oil and wait 15 more minutes.** Once 15 minutes have passed, apply a second coat of stain, varnish, or oil on top of the first. This coat should be lighter, since the pine won’t absorb as much new stain. Barely dip the roller brush head into the stain, varnish, or oil.
If the material absorbs too much stain, press the roller brush lightly against the back of the paint tray to squeeze some stain out of the absorbent material.
Wait another 15 minutes after applying this coat. This will give the second coat time to dry.
Although the coat is lighter, the wood will already have absorbed the product, and will need time to soak up the second coating.
14. **Wipe the floor dry with a clean rag.** After the second 15-minute period has passed, take a clean, dry, lint-free rag and wipe the entirety of the pine flooring. Soak up any lingering puddles of stain, varnish, or oil. If you spot any irregular or obvious lines from roller-brush strokes, use the rag to rub over and obscure these.
When you’re finished wiping the floor, it should be completely dry.
15. **Let the flooring dry for 24 hours.** Give the pine floor a full day to absorb stain, varnish, or oil. During this time, the stain, varnish, or oil will fully saturate the flooring. If it’s possible, stay out of the room during this time. Set up a gate or shut the door so that small children and animals cannot enter the room.
If the weather remains pleasant and dry, leave the windows open for the full 24 hours to ensure good ventilation.
16. **Buff the dried floor with 150-grit sandpaper.** This texture will be slightly finer than the 120-grit sandpaper you used to smooth out the floor initially. You don’t need to sand rigorously; you’re only trying to smooth the surface of the finished wood. Lightly buff until the floor is a uniform color and texture.
As before, you’ll need to sand on your hands and knees. Buff along the wood grain, and apply only a gentle amount of pressure as you make long strokes with the sandpaper.
If you rented a sanding machine for the initial sanding, use the machine again at this point.
17. **Wipe the floor with a damp rag or mop after sanding.** Dampen your mop or another lint-free rag, and wipe down the entire surface of the pine flooring to remove the sanding dust. If you do not clean off the floor after sanding it, you’ll end up applying the final coat of stain, varnish, or oil directly on top of this dust.
After you finish wiping the floor, wait 10 minutes for the pine to dry.
18. **Apply a final light coat of stain, varnish, or oil.** Pour a small amount of stain, varnish, or oil into the paint tray, and dip in the head of the roller brush. Push the roller brush into the paint tray until it soaks up only a light coating. Apply this coat evenly across the entire pine floor.
19. **Let the stain, varnish, or oil dry for 15 minutes before wiping it down.** Leave the room while the stain, varnish, or oil dries. Then use the last of your clean, lint-free rags to blot and wipe the surface of the floor. Make sure to absorb and smooth over any lingering puddles of stain, varnish, or oil.
At this point, the floor is ready for use. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Finish-Pine-Floors", "language": "en"} |
How to Use a Crimping Tool | A crimping tool is great for cold fusing wires together in electronics projects or jewelry making. In this article, we will walk you through making a permanent, secure connection using a crimping tool.
1. **Choose the correct terminal for your project.** A terminal is the slightly bulky plastic component at the end of a cord. It usually appears right before the actual plug. For your crimp to work correctly, choose a terminal that’s appropriate for your project.
For example, you might buy a ring terminal, which is designed for high vibration projects, if adding a digital component to your motorcycle. You might use a fork terminal, designed for non-vibrating equipment, to crimp wires as part of a television repair project.
You would use a splice, a type of terminal, to join two wires together.
2. **Strip the insulation from your wire.** Expose no more wire than the length of your terminal. So if your terminal measures ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) in length, remove ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) of insulation.
Your crimping tool may have a place for scoring insulation in order to remove it. Insert the wire into the appropriate nest for scoring and gently work the tool back and forth to perforate the insulation.
You can also buy a scoring tool, which is specifically designed to perforate insulation on electrical wires.
3. **Twist the wires with your fingers.** Twisting the wires together makes them easier to slip into the terminal. It also helps create a stronger crimp. After twisting, insert the wires into the terminal.
4. **Insert the terminal into the correct nest of your crimping tool.** Some crimping tools come with color-coded nests the match with common connector colors. Others come with wire gauges imprinted on the tool to help you choose the correct nest. Then, squeeze the crimp tool as hard as possible and release to get a tight, long-lasting fuse.
You might have a ratchet crimping tool, in which case, the tool releases automatically once the crimp is made. You don't have to squeeze it so hard.
5. **Slide a jump ring or clasp onto your jewelry wire.** Then slide a crimp bead onto the wire. Thread a short length of jewelry wire, about 3 inches (7.6 cm), back through the crimp bead. The crimp bead plus the wire threaded back through it secures the jump ring or clasp in place.
Jewelry wire comes in various thicknesses, so choose a crimp bead big enough to slide your wire through twice.
6. **Push the crimp bead close to the jump ring or clasp.** You want the crimp bead close to the jump ring or clasp, but leave a bit of room for those components to move around freely. A little room ensures that the closure will work properly and that the piece of jewelry will be comfortable for the wearer.
7. **Place the crimp bead in the middle crimping tool nest.** The middle nest is curved like a shallow "U" and has a point that comes down to crimp the bead in two. Hold the two tails of wire apart and squeeze the crimping tool. Unlike electrical wire crimps, you don’t need to squeeze super hard. The goal is to use the crimping tool to create a bend in the center of the crimp bead.
Squeezing the crimping tool causes the parallel strands of wire to be separated into two tunnels, one on each side of the crimp bead.
8. **Place the crimp bead on its side at the tip of the crimping tool.** The nest at the tip looks like an oval from the side of the tool. Squeeze the tool again to further bend the crimp bead and secure the jump ring or clasp at the end of the wire.
You can snip off the excess wire where you won’t put beads. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Crimping-Tool", "language": "en"} |
How to Keep Discus | Discus fish are very sensitive when it comes to their living conditions and diet, which means they are not the easiest fish to keep. Because of this sensitivity and the fact that they’re rather expensive as far as fish go, they're not ideal for fish-keeping beginners. However, they are among the most graceful and beautiful fish you’ll ever see in an aquarium, so they can definitely be worth the effort!
1. **Provide 7–10 US gal (26–38 L) of tank space per fish.** A group of 4-6 discus fish makes for a good starting point, so your aquarium should be at least 40 US gal (150 L) total. If you think you might add more discus fish in the future, go bigger—this fish thrives in roomy conditions.
Larger tanks take more time, effort, and money to maintain, but consider that you may be helping to protect a rather pricey investment in discus fish.
2. **Invest in a high-quality filter.** Discus fish must have clean water to thrive, so don’t skimp on the filter! Make comparisons and read reviews to choose the best filter for your needs, and make sure it is capable of filtering the amount of water that’s in your tank.
If you have friends with discus fish, or know of any discus breeders in your area, ask them what type of filter they use.
There are 3 main types of filters—chemical, mechanical, and biological—and some discus experts believe that biological filters are the best systems for discus fish. They have very porous biological filter media material with good nitrifying bacteria that remove toxins and impurities.
3. **Keep the water temperature between 84 and 90 °F (29 and 32 °C).** Discus are a tropical fish, so they thrive in warmer water temperatures. Install a tank thermometer so you can keep a close eye on the temperature, and add a high-quality aquarium heater in order to maintain the ideal temperature range at all times.
Check the temperature several times per day. If the water temperature goes above or (especially) below the ideal range for even a few hours, the discus fish may begin to suffer negative health impacts.
4. **Maintain the water pH between 5.5 and 6.5.** Discus fish are sensitive to water acidity as well as temperature, so regularly check the water pH to make sure it’s within the ideal range. Use a digital, chemical, or litmus strip tester to check the pH at least twice per week. Add pH-raising or lowering solutions as needed.
You can buy pH-raising (baking soda based) and pH-lowering (muriatic acid based) solutions at pet supply retailers.
5. **Add an overhead light to the tank.** Discus fish can be quite skittish, and even shadows cast by external light sources can bother them. Install an overhead aquarium light to limit shadows—and to showcase your beautiful fish!
Ideally, the aquarium should be kept away from windows, TVs, and other sources of strong and/or intermittent sources of exterior lighting.
6. **Include lots of foliage and hiding spots (option 1).** Discus fish are adapted to swim through foliage, and like hiding under logs, rocks, and plants. As they are originally from the Amazon, adding long stem plants and lower foreground plants will make them feel more comfortable. It'll also soften the water and lower the pH level.
You can add natural or artificial hiding spots as well.
Natural aquarium pebbles can make a good substrate for a discus fish tank.
7. **Provide an undecorated tank to keep the water cleaner (option 2).** Despite the breed’s natural inclination toward ample foliage and hiding spots, some discus fish keepers believe the tank should be kept bare in order to maintain cleanliness. And, true enough, if you only have fish and water in the tank, it is easier to maintain optimal aquarium conditions.
Unadorned tanks also further highlight the beautiful shapes and colors of discus fish.
You’ll have to decide whether it’s worth more cleaning and maintenance to provide an aquarium that more closely resembles their natural habitat.
8. **Change 20-30% of the water weekly.** No matter how well your filter works, it’s important to change out a portion of the tank water on a regular basis. This is the only way to ensure the pristine water conditions that discus fish require.
Changing the tank water properly can be a bit time-consuming, but it’s time well-spent if you value the health of your discus fish.
Don’t change more than 30% of the total volume of the tank water at a time—a greater change can be too much of a shock for sensitive discus fish.
9. **Use live or frozen proteins for 50%-plus of the discus’ diet.** At least half of a discus fish diet should be comprised of live or frozen proteins, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and fine pieces of beef heart. Beef heart can be purchased frozen from fish supply retailers. You can also purchase bloodworms and brine shrimp either live or frozen.
Discus fish often prefer live bloodworms and brine shrimp, but these are more likely to carry parasites or bacteria. To reduce this possibility, buy high-quality worms and shrimp from a reputable vendor. Otherwise, use frozen worms and shrimp.
Rotate among the proteins you use in order to maintain some variety in the diet.
10. **Supplement live or frozen proteins with high-quality flake fish food.** While the live or frozen proteins should make up the majority of the discus’ diet, flakes offer some variety as well as supplemental nutritional value. You can add some flakes with each feeding, or use them as a more occasional change-of-pace.
Choose high-quality fish flakes, since these typically have a better nutritional profile. Ask your vet or other fish owners for recommendations.
11. **Feed discus 2-3 times daily, in a calm setting and on a regular schedule.** Discus fish prefer consistent timing and limited distractions during feeding times. Feed the fish around the same times each day, and prevent distractions such as a loud TV or rowdy kids playing in the room.
Juvenile discus fish should eat 3 times per day, while adults should be feed 2 times daily.
12. **Remove uneaten food right away to keep the water clean.** When it comes to the amount of food to offer, aim to give enough for the fish to finish in 10-15 minutes. If there is any food left after 15 minutes, use a net to remove it from the tank. This will help keep the water cleaner for longer.
If all the food is eaten in 5-10 minutes, offer more per feeding. If there is quite a bit left over after 15 minutes, reduce the amount offered.
13. **Note any changes in their eating or defecation habits.** Because discus fish thrive under a consistent routine, any changes should be carefully noted. If a fish is eating substantially less than usual, for example, this could be a sign of illness. Likewise, if the amount or appearance of the feces they produce changes, don’t ignore it.
Contact a vet with experience dealing with tropical fish if you have concerns about the health of your discus fish.
14. **Quarantine new fish** New fish should always be quarantined before you add them to your main aquarium, and this is particularly important for the sensitive discus fish. Observe the new fish in the quarantine tank for at least 2 weeks, and ideally 4 weeks, before moving them to the main tank.
If the new fish show any signs of illness, do not move them into the main tank.
The quarantine tank can be a bit smaller than the main tank, but it should be set up in the same manner. The more similar the tanks are, the easier the transition will be.
15. **Watch for signs of “discus plague” or other illnesses.** Discuss fish are very susceptible to this somewhat mysterious illness, which is hard to eradicate and often fatal. To identify “discus plague,” look for a darkening of body color, clamping fins, lethargy, a refusal to eat, or other unexplained physical or behavioral changes.
You can try quarantining a fish that displays potential symptoms, but it’s hard to prevent the spread of illnesses like “discus plague.” If you suspect a problem, contact a vet quickly.
16. **Keep at least 4-6 discus in your main tank whenever possible.** As a shoaling species that naturally congregates in groups, discus are not suited to solitary living. You should keep a minimum group of 4-6 discus in your main tank, and add more discus in groups of 4-6 as well.
So, instead of adding 1 or 2 new discus to your aquarium at a time (after quarantine), try adding them in groups of 4-6. Make sure you have sufficient tank space, however—you’ll need at least a 70 US gal (260 L) tank for 10 discus fish.
Discus usually get along well, but you may run into instances of aggression and territoriality. In this case, you may need to separate the fish into different aquariums.
17. **Consider adding tetras as aquarium companions.** If you’d like to add some fish variety to your discus aquarium, consider adding 6 or more cardinal or bleeding heart tetras. Both of these tetra varieties tend to get along well with discus fish.
You won’t need a larger tank to add 6-12 tetras. You may want to increase the tank size by 10 US gal (38 L) for larger numbers of tetras, though.
As with any other fish, quarantine tetras before adding them to the main tank.
18. **Try your hand at breeding discus fish.** If you keep both males and females in a clean, well-maintained tank, there’s a good chance you’ll eventually see tiny discus eggs in the aquarium. If you want to increase your number of discus, you can choose to keep the hatchlings with their parents or isolate them in a separate tank.
If you keep the hatchlings in the main tank, there isn’t much you need to change from your typical routine. You’ll likely lose a greater number of hatchlings through cannibalism this way, however.
To isolate the hatchlings, you’ll either have to move the eggs to a separate tank, or temporarily relocate the adult discus. In either case, the secondary tank should be prepared to the same standards as the main tank. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Keep-Discus", "language": "en"} |
How to Cut Down Your Shopping Addiction | Shopping addiction, sometimes called "shopaholism," can have major negative consequences on your personal life, career, and finances. Because shopping is so deeply embedded in global capitalist culture, it can be hard to tell when you've crossed the line. Fortunately, you can learn to spot signs of shopping addiction, promptly change your buying habits, and seek professional help if necessary.
1. **Recognize the problem.** As with most addictions, recognizing your behavior and coming to see it as a true impediment on your daily life and relationships is half the battle. Consult this list of symptoms, and use it to gauge the severity of your shopping addiction. This is an important way to decide exactly how much you need to cut down—whether you can be trusted to simply moderate your shopping or if it may be a better idea to simply stop shopping altogether.
Shopping or spending money when you feel upset, angry, lonely, or anxious
Having arguments with others about your shopping that rationalizes your behavior
Feeling lost or lonely without your credit cards
Consistently purchasing with credit rather than cash
Feeling a euphoric rush or deep sense of ecstasy when making purchases
Feeling guilt, shame, or embarrassment upon excessive spending
Lying about your spending habits or the cost of specific items
Having obsessive thoughts about money
Spending lots of your time trying to manage money and bills to accommodate your spending habits
2. **Look honestly at your buying habits.** Keep a record of what you buy for two weeks to a month, also making note of how you pay for your purchases. Ask yourself the following questions to get a better handle on when and how you buy. Also, tracking the exact amount of money you spend for this length of time will help open your eyes to how severe your shopping habit really is.
3. **Identify your brand of shopaholism.** According to Shopaholics Anonymous, compulsive shopping can take many forms. Knowing these forms will help you understand your addiction better so that you can better understand how to help yourself. You may be able to recognize yourself on this list, or use your record of buying habits to see where you fit.
Shoppers who are triggered to shop upon emotional distress
Trophy shopaholics who are constantly on the hunt for the perfect item
Shoppers who enjoy flashy items and love feeling like a big spender
Bargain seekers who buy things only because they are on sale
"Bulimic" shoppers who get are caught up in a continuous cycle of buying items, only to return them later and start buying anew
Collectors who seek a feeling of completion from buying each piece of a set or the same item in every variation (color, style, etc.)
4. **Learn the long-term effects of shopping addiction.** While the short-term effects of shopping addiction may be positive, like feeling happy after completing a shopping trip, many of the long-term effects are overwhelmingly negative. Understanding these effects is a good way to face the realities of an excessive shopping habit.
Spending over budget and deep financial trouble
Compulsive buying over and above necessities (e.g. going to buy one sweater and leaving the store with ten)
Secrecy and hiding the problem to avoid criticism
Feelings of helplessness due to ongoing cycles of purchasing where guilt causes returns which then cause more purchases
Impaired relationships from secrecy, lying about debt, and physical isolation as the preoccupation with shopping increases
5. **Recognize that over-spending often has emotional causes.** For many, shopping is a way to curb and escape from negative emotions. Like most addictions that provide a "quick fix" to problems with deep psychological roots, shopping can help you feel complete and capable of maintaining a false image of happiness and security. Push yourself to consider whether or not shopping is an attempt to fill a void in your life that could be otherwise solved by healthier and more sustainable lifestyles.
6. **Learn your triggers.** A trigger is anything that makes you want to shop. Keep a journal with you for at least a week, and whenever you feel the urge to shop, write down whatever you feel brought the idea into your mind. It may be a particular environment, friend, advertisement, or feeling (like anger, shame, or boredom). Knowing your triggers is extremely helpful because you can avoid the things that make you want to shop as you are learning to decrease your habit.
For example, you might go into a buying frenzy whenever you have a formal event to go to. You might get tempted to buy all sorts of wardrobe changes, designer makeup, or other products that will increase your confidence and make you feel ready for the event.
Knowing this, you could make a special plan for handling invitations to big events. You might cut out event-related shopping altogether and spend a mandatory hour looking through your closet for something suitable to wear that you already own.
7. **Cut down on shopping.** The best way to limit your shopping without stopping entirely is to be more conscious of how much your budget realistically allows you to spend over and above basic essentials. Keep a close eye to your finances, and take yourself shopping only when your budget for the month (or even for the week) permits it. This way you can keep shopping occasionally, but stand to avoid some of the larger financial issues that can come with the habit.
When shopping, carry as much money with you as you know you can get away with spending. Leave your credit cards at home to avoid temptation to go over your limit.
You can also try making an inventory of the things you own and a wishlist of the extras that you really want. Looking at your list will help keep you grounded and able to recognize when you're about to purchase something you already have a lot of or something you don't want as badly as other items that you'll surely be tempted to purchase.
Wait at least 20 minutes before making a purchase. Don't be sure that you must buy something; instead, spend time thinking about why you should or shouldn't go through with it.
If you know there are particular stores where you tend to spend too much, only go to these stores on special occasions or with friends who can help monitor your purchasing. If this is a website, make sure it isn't on your list of bookmarked pages.
8. **Go "cold turkey" with discretionary spending.** Alternately, if your shopping addiction is serious, limit yourself only to the bare essentials. Be very vigilant when you must shop, and make a shopping list that you stick to. Avoid the temptation of sales and inexpensive items at discount warehouses, and allocate only a certain amount of cash to spend if you do visit one. The more specific your rules, the better. For example, instead of deciding to only shop for groceries and self-care necessities, make a complete list of self-care necessities (like toothpaste, deodorant, etc.) and do not buy anything other than what you’ve written down.
Change your payment methods, and destroy and cancel all credit cards. If you feel you should have one for emergencies only, ask a loved one guard it for you. This is important since people tend to spend twice as much as they would when making purchases with a card rather than cash.
Do your market research before leaving the house. Because getting carried away while browsing often brings about unneeded purchases, know exactly which brands and types of each item on your list you need to buy. This will take the fun out of shopping by cutting off the need to browse.
Give up all loyalty cards that you do not use for the bare necessities that frequently appear on your shopping list.
9. **Avoid shopping alone.** Most compulsive shoppers do their purchasing alone, and if you are with others you are much more likely not to spend excessively. This is the advantage of peer pressure; let yourself learn from the moderate buying habits of people whose judgment you trust.
It may even be necessary to put someone you trust in charge of your finances completely.
10. **Get involved in other activities.** Find more meaningful ways to spend your time. When trying to change compulsive behavior, it is crucial that you replace the behavior with another way of spending your time that is fulfilling and satisfying (but this time in a way that is sustainable).
People find happiness in activities that make them feel so immersed that they lose track of time completely. Learn a new skill, finish a project you've put aside for a long time, or improve yourself in some other way. Whether you're reading, jogging, cooking or playing a musical instrument doesn't matter as long as you're fully engaged.
While exercising and taking walks can provide a continuous source of happiness, these activities are especially useful alternatives to pursue while in the throes of a shopping urge.
11. **Track your progress.** Remember to give yourself lots of acknowledgment and encouragement while you are in the midst of changing your shopping habits. It is important to give yourself credit for your progress, as kicking an addiction is exceedingly difficult. An objective look at how far you’ve come will stop you from beating yourself up over moments of struggle and self-doubt, which are inevitable.
Try monitoring the amount of money you spend in a spreadsheet. Look at the amount of trips you make to the store (or your favorite shopping sites) by making tick marks on your calendar.
12. **Make a list of environments to avoid.** Create "no-fly zones" --places that you know will trigger you to shop. In all likelihood, these are places like malls, certain stores, or large open shopping areas. Your rules should be clear and precise to avoid being able to convince yourself that you can go and just browse a little bit. List these places and steer clear from them entirely for as long as you can manage, until the urge to buy excessively dissipates significantly. Check your trigger list to make sure that you're avoiding the right places and situations while you're in the sensitive moments of "detox" from your shopping addiction.
You may not have to avoid all of these environments in the long-run, and indeed this may be a very difficult task due to the omnipresence of advertisements and buying opportunities.Especially if you are only trying to cut down and not quit shopping altogether, you may simply want to limit your presence in these environments. Create a schedule of when you will allow yourself to visit your favorite stores and stick to it.
13. **Stay local.** At least when you are beginning to cut back, take a break from traveling. This can help you avoid the temptation to buy that can be brought on by new or unfamiliar places. People tend to purchase more when they shop outside of their communities.
Consider that "remote buying" from shopping channels and online sources can bring the same feel of a new environment--presenting another temptation to resist.
14. **Manage your mail.** Make sure your snail mail is covered, as well as your email. Unsubscribe from the promotional emails and catalogues that your favorite stores tend to send you.
Prevent the possibility of receiving unwanted offers for new credit cards by signing up for Opt-Out Prescreen. Upon providing your information here, you will not be targeted for advertising of this nature.
15. **Set parental controls.** Because the Internet is one of the most popular ways to shop now, remember that your computer environment needs to be just as "sober" as your world offline. Avoid e-commerce sites by setting blocks on your favorite online shopping sites.
Download a good ad blocker program that will prevent personalized ads from appearing in your browser.
One-click shopping is especially dangerous. Make it even more difficult for you to buy online by deleting your credit card number from sites that have it linked to your account. Do this even if you are also blocking those sites too.This will create an added security; if you have found a way to rationalize being on the site, you will still have enough time to rethink your decision to make individual purchases.
16. **Enlist the support of friends and family.** Secrecy is one of the major components of shopping addiction (and most addictions, for that matter). So, don’t be afraid to get public about your problems with shopping. Tell your friends and family what’s going on, and that you may ask them for help going shopping or buying necessities—at least in the early stages of cutting down when temptation is still very high.
Make sure that you only open up to trusted loved ones who are capable of supporting you through your push to cut down on shopping.
17. **Visit a therapist.** A therapist can help you understand some of the possible problems that lay at the root of shopping addiction, such as depression. Although there is no standardized treatment for shopping addiction, you might expect to be prescribed antidepressants, like SSRIs.
One commonly used method for treating addictions is a method called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This type of therapy will help you recognize and challenge some of your thoughts related to shopping.
Therapy will also help you place less value on extrinsic motivating factors, like a desire to look successful and wealthy, and more value on intrinsic motivators, like feeling comfortable in your skin and maintaining nourishing relationships with loved ones.
18. **Find a meeting.** Group therapy for shopping addiction is an abundant and invaluable resource. Being able to share coping tips and feelings with others who have similar problems can sometimes be the difference between sobriety and relapse back into your old, unhealthy spending habits.
Look into local chapters of Debtors Anonymous or Spenders Anonymous. These are 12-step programs that can help you manage your shopping addiction on an ongoing basis.
Use this link to locate a Debtors Anonymous meeting near you.
19. **Go to a credit counselor.** If your shopping addiction has gotten you into serious financial trouble that you are unable to manage on your own, you may want to consider seeing a credit counselor. A credit counselor can help you deal with the massive debt that accrues as a result of shopping addiction.
Dealing with the financial fallout of shopping addiction can be stressful alongside the emotional issues that arise with overcoming your habit. Because stress is a common trigger for relapse, a credit counselor might be an important resource. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cut-Down-Your-Shopping-Addiction", "language": "en"} |
How to Build Fake Rock with Cement | Instead of buying or collecting real rocks, you can make your own fake rocks with cement. Here are two methods for mixing and building artificial rocks for landscaping and design.
1. **Buy a bag of ready-to-mix cement and a bucket.**
2. **Mix the contents of the bag in the bucket with water.**
3. **Smooth it until it's almost round, but still looking like a rock.**
4. **Wash your hands immediately and let the cement dry overnight.**
5. **Follow the above method and add the steps below to build more realistic-looking artificial rocks.**
6. **Use specialized tools, materials and skill (achieved through practice).**
7. **Build a form.** Use rocks you have in your yard. Clean the rock first, then place it where you can work with it. Using contractors foam sealant, coat the rock with a heavy layer. Let dry and gently pry the foam mold off the rock. You can also use the same method but place the rock in a box. Place the rock inside the box, spray interior with foam sealant and allow it to dry, then tear the box away from the foam. Don't go crazy on the foam.
8. **Mix your cement and pour it into the mold.** However, to keep it from sticking, you may want to use cooking spray before pouring the cement. Another good method is to rub the rock with Vaseline.
9. **Mix the concrete per directions so it is thick but pourable.** You can add color to the concrete at this point by mixing colors that can be purchased at Home Depot or Lowes. You can also use the red dirt from your yard to mix into the cement for color; it works, but you have to watch that you don't add too much - just enough to give it some color.
10. **Sculpt the concrete.** If you use a mold, you may not be able to sculpt the "rock." However, if you take the rock out of the mold before it's completely dry, you can still scrape it to sculpt the shape a little.
11. **Texture the concrete .** Before pouring cement into the mold, you can add leaves, small flat rocks and other paraphernalia from around your yard to give the "rock" character. Pouring flat rocks or flagstone type rocks can also be accomplished and put in crushed glass or other interesting items before the pour. Then when you turn it out, the pretty stuff will be on top.
12. **Finished.** | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Build-Fake-Rock-with-Cement", "language": "en"} |
How to Put on a Captive Ring | With a little practice, you can put on a captive bead ring (CBR) by yourself, without the assistance of a piercing professional. Start by preparing and cleaning your workspace. Small captive rings (18 gauge to 12 gauge) can be placed by hand. When you have a large captive ring (12 gauge or heavier), you will probably need to use pliers. Take your time and don't hesitate to reach out to your piercer for help, if needed.
1. **Wait three months after the initial piercing.** Depending on the location of your piercing, you will need to wait at least three months before changing your ring or hardware. This allows the skin to heal and will make it possible for you to insert a new ring without tearing. If you choose to change your ring earlier or would just like some extra help, which is quite common, go visit your piercer.
Many people go ahead and schedule with their piercer for the first change and then do subsequent changes themselves.
2. **Wipe down your work area.** Don a pair of cleaning gloves and get a fresh rag or paper towels. Apply a surface disinfectant to the workspace and wipe thoroughly. A disinfectant will kill any fungi or bacteria that could infect your piercing. After the space is clean, make sure that you only place disinfected items on it from here on out.
You can also opt for a disinfectant wipe.
It is best if your workspace is a flat, hard table with plenty of space for your tools.
3. **Wash your hands.** Remove your workspace cleaning gloves and wash your hands thoroughly under warm water. Make sure that you cover all surfaces of your hands. It should take you between 40-60 seconds to complete a solid washing. You could also apply an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, if you prefer.
Feel free to wash your hands as many times as you want during this process. If you do it properly, it will only lessen the possibility of infection.
You could also wear a pair of latex or medical-grade gloves. However, if they don't fit you correctly, they may make it more difficult to handle your ring.
4. **Sterilize the captive ring and your tools.** If your captive ring is in a sterilized bag, then you can simply remove it and place it on your table (perhaps on a paper towel, too). If your captive ring is not sterile, then you will want to wash it with warm soap and water. Or, place it into an ultrasonic cleaner. The same goes for any tools that you'll need to use, such as a pair of jewelry pliers.
Check to make sure that the sterile package is not broken or torn in any way. If it is, make sure to fully inspect and clean the ring.
5. **Clean the pierced area with warm water and soap.** Do not scrub and gently dry the area with a paper towel when you are finished. Then, go ahead and remove the ring or other jewelry that you are wearing. If the ring feels stuck, apply a small dot of liquid soap to the piercing area, as it will help it to slide out.
If you experience any pain or irritation when trying to remove your jewelry, stop and contact your piercer for help.
6. **Identify your type of captive ring.** When you get your piercing, talk with your technician about what size of ring you will need. If you go with a heavier ring, then you will likely need to use pliers for insertions and removals. You can also opt for a traditional ring with a dimpled ball or a snap-fit style ring with springs that will require pliers to handle.
7. **Pick up the jewelry with both hands.** Take a moment to steady your hands. Reach down and grab the ring with the index finger and thumb of one hand. Use the index finger and thumb of your other hand to grab the bead. If you have difficulty manipulating the ring with your hands in this position, try placing both hands on the ring itself, positioning your fingers on the opposite sides of the bead or ball.
8. **Pull the ring apart slowly.** Holding both pieces of the ring, twist slightly and apply measured force until the ball comes free. Make sure that you have your fingers on the ball as it comes free, or you might drop it on the ground or on the table. Once the ring and ball are separate, set the ball on the table.
With traditional captive rings, tension is the reason that the ball stays in place in the ring. By twisting the ring, you loosen this tension just enough so that the ball can move or drop out.
If you accidentally drop the ball or ring, make sure to sterilize the jewelry again before continuing.
9. **Twist the ring.** With both hands on opposite sides of the opening in the ring, carefully twist the two ends in opposite directions. Turn your right hand clockwise and your left hand counterclockwise. The ring should look like a slight spiral. When twisted into this shape, it should be easier to slide into your piercing.
10. **Slide the ring into the piercing.** Insert one open end into your piercing. Glide the wire of the ring into the piercing until the center of your ring rests inside. The opening of the ring should lie directly across from the piercing itself. You may need to use your fingers to support the skin around the piercing as you slide the jewelry in place.
11. **Twist the ring closed.** Grab one side of the ring with the index finger and thumb of your right hand. Grab the other side of the ring with the index finger and thumb of your left hand. Apply pressure with both hands to twist the two ends back into place. Your right hand should move counterclockwise and your left hand should move clockwise.
When done, the ring should no longer look like a spiral. There will still be a slight gap in the center, but otherwise, it should be back in the shape of a solid ring.
If you have excess soap in the piercing area, now is a good time to gently wipe it off with a damp paper towel.
12. **Snap the ball into place.** Position the bead so that the dimples on the other side line up with the open ends of the ring. Use your hands to push the bead back into the ring, stopping once it clicks into place. You'll need to steady the ring by holding one side of it with the index finger and thumb of one hand. Use the other hand to push the ball back into place.
If properly inserted, the ball should spin with a little resistance. If it spins freely, the ring is too loose. Remove the ball, squeeze the opening in tighter, and re-insert the ball.
13. **Insert the pliers into the ring.** Slide the nose of the ring-opening jewelry pliers into the closed ring. Position the tool so that its opening lines up with the bead or ball of the captive ring. Apply a slight amount of pressure until the captive ring is no longer moveable.
Specialty pliers labeled for use with captive rings are your best option, followed by generic ring expanding pliers. If you have no other option, needle nose pliers will also work well enough.
Consider covering the pliers with cloth medical tape before using them with your captive ring. Doing so can prevent the tool from scratching jewelry. The tape also adds traction, making it easier to hold the pieces in place.
14. **Grab the ball.** Use the index finger and thumb of your free hand to grab the captive ring bead. Or, you can use a ball grabber tool to reach out to the captive bead. Placing a slight amount of pressure on the ring pliers will cause the ball to become loose. Make sure to grab it with your free hand before it falls.
Be very careful with the amount of pressure that you apply with the pliers or you will risk altering the shape of your ring.
15. **Insert the ring into the piercing.** Continuing to use your pliers, or switching to your hands if you prefer, slide one open end of the ring into the piercing. Continue gliding the ring through the piercing until the center of the ring rests inside.
If the gap is not wide enough for you to maneuver the ring into the piercing, you should use your pliers to expand the opening further. Expand the ring only as much as absolutely needed to avoid warping the shape. For heavier gauges, you should only expand the opening instead of twisting it.
The opening of the ring should be positioned directly across from the piercing. If you feel friction or discomfort when you insert the ring, support the skin around the piercing using your fingers.
16. **Place the ball in position.** Using your hands or a ball grabber tool, line the bead up so that the dimples on either side are aligned with the open ends of the ring. Rest one side of the ring in one of these dimples. With heavier gauges, it is very difficult to snap the bead in place when the ring is nearly closed. As a result, you will need to hold the bead in place as you close the ring instead of waiting until the ring is closed before placing the bead inside.
Depending on how much you expanded the opening, you may need to close it slightly with your pliers before setting the ball inside.
17. **Close the ring using pliers.** Place your open pliers around the outside of the open ring. Squeeze the nose of the pliers closed, closing the ring around the bead in the process. Continue closing the ring until both open ends snap into the dimples of the bead or ball.
When the captive ring is properly put together, you should be able to spin the ball with a little resistance. If the ball spins too freely, you should close the ring a little further. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Put-on-a-Captive-Ring", "language": "en"} |
How to Tell if You Are Having a Nervous Breakdown | A nervous breakdown (also known as a mental breakdown) is a temporary condition marked by decreased functioning, usually resulting from stress. A nervous breakdown can happen when stress and life’s demands overwhelm a person’s capacity to deal with them. There are a number of symptoms which can help you to identify whether you are having a nervous breakdown. If you suspect that you might be experiencing a nervous breakdown, it's important to seek help.
1. **Reflect on any recent loss or trauma.** A breakdown can result from trauma or death of a loved one. It can also be a result of a constant buildup of stress, like work pressures or financial burdens. Think about any recent or unexpected stressors that have overwhelmed you suddenly. Any event that happens suddenly may drain all available resources, leaving you feeling unable to cope.
This can include a recent death, breakup, or divorce.
Trauma can include living through a natural disaster, being a victim of theft, violence, or domestic abuse.
2. **Think about whether you have difficulty feeling happiness or pleasure.** When suffering from a nervous breakdown, you may experience an inability to feel pleasure. You may feel listless, empty, or apathetic. Nothing may seem to carry any meaning to you, or you feel an overwhelming sense of “going through the motions”. Apathy and withdrawal are symptoms of depression. You may feel deeply depressed as a result or leading up to a nervous breakdown.
You may want to be happy and feel normal, but you can no longer enjoy your favorite activities.
3. **Pay attention to any mood swings.** Mood swings are usually in evidence before any nervous breakdown, as they are indicative of emotional exhaustion and poor coping methods. The mood swings may involve:
Irritability
Anger combined with guilt and remorse
Excessive crying spells
Phases of extreme quietness
Depressive phases
4. **Pay attention if you’re continuously calling in sick to work.** Taking a day to mentally, emotionally, or physically recover from an event is one thing, but if you find yourself continuously calling into work sick, this may be an indication of a breakdown. You may lack the motivation to go into work, or find that you physically cannot make your body get ready and go to work.
Pay attention if you’ve let your work slide. Even if you come into work, observe your productivity and if it differs drastically from last month.
5. **Be wary of any feelings of helplessness or hopelessness.** These are two very common feelings before and during a nervous breakdown. You may feels like you lack the internal resources to cope with your issues, and thus feels helpless. You may experience a feeling of hopelessness, as you are unable to control the circumstances around you and can see no way out of your current predicament. These are symptoms of depression that may contribute to a nervous breakdown. Some other symptoms of depression that may contribute to a nervous breakdown may include:
Lack of energy
Fatigue
Lack of ability to concentrate
Decreased attention
Isolation
6. **Think about whether you feel overwhelmed by negative thoughts.** In case of a breakdown, you may be constantly thinking excessively negative thoughts and even experiencing positive things or feelings as negative. Common thoughts may include:
Interpreting meanings in a negative way
Having a negative filter in your mind, which only allows negative things to pass through.
Thoughts that say the situation and nervous breakdown will never go away and that you will feel like this forever.
7. **Recognize if you’re isolating.** You may find yourself detaching from friends and family and spending most of your time alone. Friends call to set plans and you always turn them down, or the thought of getting together with friends sounds exhausting. When overwhelmed by stress, it may be easy isolate and conserve your energy for working through the stress.
8. **Pay attention to feelings of numbness and detachment.** A nervous breakdown can lead you to feel numb and detached from your external environment. You may even feel as if the things happening around you are artificial. Basically, you will no longer feel like you can relate to your environment or to the people in your life.
9. **Take note of any sleep disturbances.** Like in many other disorders, sleep is one of the foremost symptoms of a nervous breakdown. You may toss and turn getting to sleep and may wake up several times throughout the night. You may find yourself sleeping far too much or far too little than you usually sleep.
Sometimes it is difficult to get back to sleep due to racing thoughts and excessive thinking.
Though you may feel a need for sleep and feel constantly tired, getting a good night's rest becomes more and more difficult with each passing day.
10. **Examine your hygiene.** If you’ve significantly let your hygiene slide, it may be due to extreme stress. You may lack any motivation to take care of your body. This may include failing to shower, use the restroom, brush your hair or teeth, or change your clothes. Perhaps you’ve been wearing the same clothes for days, despite visible stains. You may wear socially inappropriate clothes in public.
11. **Recognize extreme anxiety.** Physical symptoms of intense anxiety can lead up to and sustain during a nervous breakdown. If you tend to experience anxiety and then experience a major life event, it can trigger intense symptoms of anxiety that can feel immobilizing.Take note any symptoms of anxiety, which include:
Tense, clenched muscles
Clammy hands
Dizziness
Panic attacks
12. **Reflect on feelings of exhaustion.** You may feel completely lacking in energy. Feeling constantly exhausted or fatigued is another common symptom, as all of your energy is being channeled into coping with the crisis you're experiencing. Even small, everyday activities can feel like massive hurdles to overcome.
Even basic daily activities such as showering, eating, or even getting out of bed may feel like too much energy to complete.
13. **Look for a racing heartbeat.** When experiencing intense stress as a result of a nervous breakdown, you may feel your heart pounding, a tightness in your chest, or a lump in your throat. Despite this, medical testing will not reveal any problems with our heart, as the symptoms are purely stress related.
14. **Think about whether you've had any problems with digestion.** An upset stomach and digestive issues are common stress and anxiety-related problems. This is due to the fact that when you are extremely stressed, your body goes into survival mode, and digestion is not at the top of the priority list.
15. **Identify any problems with trembling or shaking.** Shaking hands or whole body trembling is one of the most obvious physical symptoms of a nervous breakdown, and one of the most embarrassing. Unfortunately, the embarrassment caused by the trembling and shaking only increases your stress levels.
Trembling and shaking may be physical manifestations of all the stress your body and mind are experiencing.
16. **Talk to someone you trust.** If you've identified the symptoms of a nervous breakdown, it's important that you talk to someone about it. Staying silent and keeping the stress to yourself will simply make the problem worse. One way to help relieve stress and break from negative thought patterns is decreasing social isolation and increasing social contact with friends. You may feel like you have no energy to see friends, but push through and make time for your friends. They will help you heal.
Isolation can lead to and exacerbate stress, so make continual efforts to spend time with friends regularly.
Talk to a trusted friend or family member. Sharing your problems and worries with someone else will ease the burden slightly and help you to feel less alone.
17. **Reach out to a therapist.** Especially if you have had a nervous breakdown before and feel unable to cope, a therapist can help you work through the current difficulties as well as help you explore healthy ways to cope. A therapist can help you with the feelings of depression or anxiety and challenge your negative thought patterns.
If you need help finding a therapist, check out How to Choose a Therapist
18. **Eat a healthy diet.** Feeling constantly stressed or anxious will raise the levels of cortisol in your body, negatively affecting your appetite. However, by not eating properly, you will feel even more tired and out of energy than before. It’s important to fuel your body with nutrient-rich foods and create a healing environment for your body.
It's important to force yourself to eat regular, healthy meals, even if you don't feel like it. Try to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins.
Consider cutting caffeine from your diet. Caffeine can agitate symptoms of anxiety and disrupt sleep.
19. **Get some exercise.** Exercise is one of the best things you can do to relieve anxiety and stress. However, following a nervous breakdown, your energy and fitness levels may be low, so it's important to ease into it gently. Exercise can help get you out of the house and into a different environment.
Start by taking a short walk everyday, even if it's just around the block. Over time, you can build up the intensity and frequency of your exercise.
Once you feel ready, you can sign up for a class or join a sports team so you can be sociable while you exercise. Think about classes like dancing, swimming, spinning or kickboxing.
20. **Learn to relax.** Taking time to relax is the key to recovering from a nervous breakdown. You need to learn to let go of the worries that are causing you to feel anxious all the time and take some time for yourself.
Take some time off work, if necessary, and go on a vacation or just spend time with friends and loved ones.
Find activities that help to relax you - whether it's going for a long run, meditating, or taking a long bubble bath.
21. **Learn how to prevent future nervous breakdowns.** Learn ways to manage your stress, and learn the power of saying “no” when asked to do something that is beyond your current mental or emotional capacity. Especially if you have children, it’s easy to get in the habit of taking care of other people and neglect taking care of yourself. Set some time aside each day to do things that help take care of .
Learn how to set boundaries so you don't wind up in the same situation again. Identify where your limits are and make a conscious effort not to cross them again.
For more information, check out How to Prevent a Mental Breakdown
22. **Plan for the future.** When recovering from a nervous breakdown, it's important to plan for the future and to start looking forward to things again. This will give you renewed purpose and provide you with something to work towards.
Stay positive about your recovery and know that having a nervous breakdown doesn't define you as a person. Remember that you have a happy, bright future ahead of you. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Tell-if-You-Are-Having-a-Nervous-Breakdown", "language": "en"} |
How to Catch a Firefly | Catching fireflies is a classic way to spend a summer night. Fireflies are beautiful, and it can be tempting to have one of your own. If you're patient, gentle, and persistent, you'll be a professional firefly catcher in no time.
1. **Search in the right places for fireflies.** Fireflies live in various habitats, including forests and rivers. They tend to be drawn to high grass and humid, damp areas. They are found all over the world, from the Americas to Europe and Asia. In the United States, fireflies are rarely found west of the Rocky Mountains. They are commonly found down south, in the Midwest, and on the East Coast.
2. **Look for fireflies at the right time.** Warm summer evenings are often the best time to catch fireflies – typically between June and September. Fireflies tend to come out at dusk when it is still warm out. Most fireflies are typically found in the country or in the suburbs.
As the night gets later, the air tends to cool off and some fireflies will stop flashing.
3. **Use your own light to attract fireflies.** Since fireflies communicate using their light, you can sometimes attract them by using a flashlight of your own. Pay attention to the light patterns that the fireflies are emitting, and copy them by switching your flashlight on and off.
Consider placing a blue piece of paper over your flashlight to turn the light blue. Scientists have found that fireflies respond better to blue light than regular lights.
4. **Turn off your outdoor lights.** Since they rely on their light patterns for mating, fireflies are more attracted to darkness. Turn off your outdoor lighting, such as porch lights and walkway lights, to draw in more fireflies.
5. **Remain quiet and calm.** Like most animals and insects, fireflies are easily scared by loud noises and sudden movements. When catching fireflies, make sure to move slowly and quietly. The more relaxed you are, the more relaxed the fireflies will be around you.
6. **Catch fireflies with your hands.** As long as you approach fireflies slowly, they should maintain a calm and graceful flying path – this will make them fairly easy to catch. Once you are close enough to a firefly, calmly reach out with both hands, and try to cup the firefly between your hands. The outsides of your hands should be tightly cupped together when you catch the firefly, but leave enough space between your palms so that you do not crush it.
This may take a few tries. Don't get annoyed or overwhelmed, just keep trying. Stay calm and relaxed.
7. **Use a net to catch fireflies.** You can purchase nets at most home supply stores, or make your own out of a small netting. To catch fireflies with a net, simply flow the net around a firefly inhabited area until you catch one. Keep your movements slow and gentle so that you do not scare or harm the fireflies.
8. **Catch fireflies with a mason jar.** Most people end up putting their caught fireflies into mason jars, so skip a step by catching your fireflies in a mason jar. Move slowly and calmly as you move your mason jar through the air to catch fireflies. Once a firefly has flown into the opening of your jar, place the lid on top to keep the firefly inside.
9. **Keep your fireflies in a glass jar.** If you plan on keeping the fireflies that you have caught, put them in a glass jar so that you can see their light. Mason jars are popular jars to store fireflies is. Do not poke any holes in the jar, as this could dry out the air and possibly cause the firefly to get injured while trying to escape. Remember that fireflies like humid, damp spaces.
Only keep a few fireflies in a jar at the same time. This will give the fireflies some room to fly around.
10. **Create a habitat in your jar for the fireflies.** Creating a habitat in the jar will help keep the fireflies alive and happy. Put a small piece of apple and a small handful of fresh grass in the jar. The apple will help keep the air in the jar moist, and the grass will give them something to climb on, eat, and hide in.
11. **Release the fireflies after a short period of time.** Although it can be tempting to keep fireflies for a long time, it's best to let them grafter a short while. Ideally, you should let fireflies go before bed. If you keep them overnight, be sure to release them the following morning. They need to be in their natural habitat in order to survive, and keeping them in a jar for longer than a day can cause them to die. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Catch-a-Firefly", "language": "en"} |
How to Prevent Dry Nose and Throat Due to Oxygen Therapy | When the lungs cannot work effectively to deliver oxygen to your body, you may need oxygen therapy. The treatment is very helpful in making sure your cells and tissues function properly, but it does have some side effects. A common complication of oxygen therapy is dryness in the nose and throat. If you are seeking to avoid these symptoms, this article will help you know what to do.
1. **Know when oxygen therapy is useful.** Whenever your lungs are not taking in sufficient oxygen for your body, your doctor may prescribe oxygen therapy. Conditions that impair lung function and necessitate oxygen therapy include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD, (typically due to smoking), chronic asthma, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, and heart failure.
To determine whether you need oxygen therapy, your doctor may measure the partial pressure of oxygen in your blood (your PaO2). A PaO2 below 7.3kPa (55 mmHg) indicates that oxygen therapy is necessary. A PaO2 between 7.3 and 7.8 kPa (55 to 59 mmHg) and additional symptoms of inadequate oxygenation (leg swelling, increased red blood cells, pulmonary hypertension, or an altered mental state, for example) also indicates that oxygen therapy should be prescribed.
2. **Understand how oxygen therapy is given.** Depending on your circumstances, you may either receive oxygen therapy in a hospital setting or, if you have a chronic condition, at home. There are three basic methods of oxygen delivery:
By face mask. In this kind of oxygen therapy, you wear a face mask that covers your nose and mouth, and oxygen is administered through it.
By nasal cannula. In this kind of oxygen therapy, small tubes are placed in your nostrils, and the oxygen is administered through them.
By a trans-tracheal tube. In this kind of oxygen therapy, an incision is made in your skin, and a tube is placed directly into your trachea to deliver oxygen.
3. **Consider the possible side effects.** If you have oxygen therapy, you are likely to develop dryness in your nose, mouth, and throat. You may also experience nosebleeds, headaches, fatigue, infections, and skin irritation. Don’t let these side effects keep you from getting the oxygen therapy that you need. Many of them – including dryness in your nose and throat – are preventable.
4. **Use a built-in humidifier.** The primary cause of a dry nose and throat is a lack of moisture. Using a humidifier may solve the problem. Humidifiers are available as attachments to your oxygen system; in fact, your system may come with one included. They moisten the oxygen, preventing dryness.
Using the humidifier is most important if you are using a trans-tracheal tube. If you are using other methods, the humidifier won’t hurt, but you may not need it; you can use a nasal saline spray instead.
Always use sterile or distilled water with your humidifier. Tap water can cause blockages or mineral sedimentation inside the tube.
Change the water in the bottle every one or two days. Once a week, clean the entire humidifier (as well as the cannula, if applicable, and rubber tube) with distilled water and soap. Doing so will prevent microorganisms from building up and infecting your respiratory tract.
5. **Add humidity to the room.** In addition to the built-in humidifier, you can try using a room humidifier to add moisture to your environment. Room humidifiers are especially useful at night, when people tend to breathe through their mouths.
Clean your room humidifier regularly – at least once a week – to prevent the build up of microorganisms.
If you don’t have access to a room humidifier, you can use a kettle. Fill it with water, and heat it on the stove until it boils; water vapor will come out of the nozzle, humidifying the air. Repeat as often as necessary.
6. **Keep your equipment in good condition.** Tubes and nasal cannula need to be kept in good condition to minimize side effects. In addition to the regular cleaning, you should use a mild detergent and water to periodically clean these items. You should also replace tubes and cannula every six months.
7. **Try lubricating jelly.** Jellies and other similar products can provide instant relief for a dry, irritated nose, soothing and moisturizing the nasal mucosa. Aloe Vera gels work well, as do many water-soluble products. Your doctor or oxygen cylinder provider may have a specific recommendation about the best jelly, lotion, or balm to use. Whichever you decide on, apply a thin layer to your upper lip and inside your nostrils, using a clean cotton swab. Repeat two or three times a day.
Be careful not to apply too much and not to get any in the cannula, if that’s the method of oxygen delivery you are using. You don’t want to interrupt oxygen flow, as this will reduce the effectiveness of your treatment.
Do not use petroleum-based products, such as petroleum jelly. These products are a fire hazard when used with oxygen tanks.
8. **Apply sesame seed oil.** Sesame seed oil has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-viral properties, and it can soothe your mucous membranes. Apply a thin coating of the oil inside your nostrils and above your upper lip, using a clean cotton swab. Repeat two or three times a day.
Sesame seed oil is found at most natural food stores.
9. **Spray saline into your nose and throat.** Saline spray, which is available at most pharmacies, contains a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, which is equal to that of your body fluids and secretions. The spray will rehydrate the mucous surface of your nose and throat. Spray one puff into each nostril every one or two areas (or as needed – the spray is safe to use as often as you want). Wipe the nozzle with sterile gauze or tissue after each use.
If the salty taste doesn’t bother you, you can also spray saline into the back of your throat.
10. **Talk to your doctor about medications.** If nothing seems to be working adequately to prevent a dry nose and throat, talk to your physician. He or she may recommend a nasal decongestant (such as Oxymetazoline or Xylometazoline), which can be used every four to six hours.
Your doctor may also prescribe an antihistamine or steroid medication to deal with itching and irritation in your nose and throat. The particular drug and dose will depend on your specific circumstances. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Dry-Nose-and-Throat-Due-to-Oxygen-Therapy", "language": "en"} |
How to Make Money Selling Crafts | For many people making crafts is a hobby. It can be a form of relaxation, or a way to provide handmade gifts to family and friends. But some people make supplementary income by selling crafts, or even do it as a full-time job. To make money selling crafts, doing the actual crafting is only part of the process. You need to strategize, prioritize, and advertise, among other things.
1. **See what sells.** Perhaps you make several types of crafts, but aren't sure which one would be a strong seller. Or maybe you want to go “all-in” on crafting for profits despite a lack of previous experience. You may want to start by seeing what others are selling successfully.
Visit craft shows in your area, local retailers that sell crafts, and websites that specialize in selling handmade items. What are other crafters trying to sell, how much are they selling it for, and do they seem to actually be making sales?
Depending on your situation, you may be seeking validation of the possible profitability of your chosen craft, or inspiration on the type of crafting to focus your energies on.
2. **Follow your passion.** Being inspired by others is a good start, but you also need to be motivated to do the work. If you're going to make some real money by selling your wares, you'll have to dedicate substantial time and energy to making, marketing, selling, and shipping your craftwork. If your heart is not in it, your chances of success are minimal.
If you find that hand-weaved baskets seem to sell well, but you hate basket weaving and much prefer working with ceramics, you're probably best served to follow your passion. At very least, you'll “go down swinging,” as they say.
Some of the work involved in selling crafts can be repetitive drudgery, so it is helpful if the creation component of it is at least stimulating and enjoyable.
3. **Focus on quality.** Let's face it — if people want junk crafts, they will just buy mass-produced knock-offs at a big box retailer for a lower price. Many people love handmade items, but they want those hands to be skilled ones.
You need to do a reality check — is your crafting good enough to stack up to the competition? Your birdhouses or vases may be good enough to give your niece for her birthday, but are they good enough for strangers to pay real money for them?
You may want to take some time mastering your craft before jumping into sales. It is better to build a reputation for high quality craftsmanship right from the start.
4. **Do the math.** Whether you are selling crafts, cars, or commercial real estate, you need to have some talent for running numbers and estimating costs and profits to be successful. You have to be practical about the potential profitability of your craftwork.
When establishing the “price point” for your craftwork, you need to consider the cost of materials; supplies, equipment, and possibly workspace; advertising; stocking your items for sale; shipping (especially if selling online); labor (yours and possibly others'); and the retail markup, which should probably be at least in the 30-35% range.
If you cannot produce your craft for a reasonable price while still making a profit, then you need to change your craft, streamline your methods, or forget about making money this way.
5. **Be optimistically realistic.** However much scouting, planning, and number-crunching you do, selling crafts for a profit is always going to be a bit of a crapshoot. What works for some may not work for others, for a variety of reasons known and unknown.
Don't go into the process expecting to make big money right away, or you are bound to be disappointed. It takes time to start making money selling crafts, and even that is not always enough.
So, there is no guarantee of success, but there is also nothing that says you cannot be successful. A positive attitude can go a long way, especially during the lean times early on.
6. **Market your product and yourself.** Whether you are selling in person or online, you need to spread the word about your craftwork and about you, the craftsperson. Especially when buying handmade items, people like to feel a connection to the artisan.
When selling at a craft fair or other locale in person, distribute professional-grade business cards. Also try to build a “mailing” list — although email or social media accounts may be more appropriate these days.
Create a business website where people can visit and learn more about your little enterprise.
Spread the word on social media via friends and family.
Emphasize personalized customer service, regardless of sales venue. Ship orders promptly, and provide contact information for service or questions. Consider providing refunds, exchanges, or repairs.
7. **Sell online.** Gone are the days when crafters had to rely exclusively on craft shows. The internet can act as one giant, never-ending craft show if you utilize it well.
Etsy.com is probably the most well-known of numerous sites that focus on the sale of handmade items. There, you have the opportunity to create your own little online “shop.” Make the most of it by creating an enticing name, logo, images, and descriptive stories of your business and your product(s) for sale.
Professional quality photographs of your crafts are now the standard for sales on such sites. Take the time, or pay the price, to get the best shots of your product.
If you don't know much about search engine optimization (SEO), learn. You need to choose the right titles and tags in order to direct search engine traffic to your page.
Sites like Etsy take a cut of your profits, of course. So, if you are web savvy, you may want to consider selling over your own site. This may serve you better after you have developed a solid customer base, however.
8. **Set up shop at festivals.** While online sales have superseded them for many crafters, selling at festivals and craft shows can still be a keystone of your strategy. After all, there is no better way to show the quality of your wares, and use your charms as the craftsperson, than in person.
There are many online resources that can provide information on festivals and shows nationwide and in your region.
Start with festivals in your local area, and start small. Perhaps you can “sublet” some space in another vendor's stall, for instance. Don't go “all in” until you see how your product sells.
Scout festivals first whenever possible. Get a feel for the atmosphere and whether items like yours are likely to sell well. Festival ads and reviews are helpful, but cannot replace the value of seeing things with your own eyes.
Be a people-person in your booth. Talk to people. Tell your story. If possible, conduct demonstrations of you creating your crafts, or show videos of the process.
9. **Get your product into stores.** Instead of trying to compete with retailers both large and small, try to work with them. Your quality products and their customer volume can make a profitable combination.
As with craft shows, starting small and starting local in the retail setting can help you “get your feet wet” and better determine the profit viability of your craftwork.
Look first for businesses in your area that focus on selling local handmade products. Then consider retailers that sell products that are comparable or complementary to yours.
Prepare a sales pitch for owners or managers of potential retail shops. If you can provide specific information on sales projections, anticipated profits, etc., you will likely increase your odds of success.
When possible, try to negotiate an arrangement that lets you set up your crafts as a virtual shop-within-a-shop. Display your crafts together, along with business cards or other promotional materials.
10. **Sell products out of your home.** If your specialty is framed artwork targeted toward children, ask around at pediatrician offices, kids' clothing stores, daycare centers, and the like. See if you can place some of your product and provide information about sales from your home.
Advertise with flyers, social media posts, and so on for a craft party to be held at your home. Display your product line(s), show where they are made, and work to build up an interested potential customer base.
Wherever you are selling, at home, online, or at shows or stores, make sure you know the rules.
When selling from home, you may need to deal with local business licensing and permitting regulations.
Craft shows and websites like Etsy will have their own lists of rules and regulations that you need to know and follow to continue selling there.
Wherever you sell, you probably need to know how to collect taxes on your sales. The website or craft show may be able to help you out with advice on the process, or you may have to navigate the process alone. Don't just skip this step, assuming that no one will ever notice You could very easily regret it down the line. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Money-Selling-Crafts", "language": "en"} |
Tips and Tricks for Dressing Every Body Shape | When trying on clothes in the dressing room, you might notice that some silhouettes and styles flatter your shape more than others. While you can rock any outfit you like, knowing your general body shape can help you choose clothes that flatter your body and make you feel more confident. In this article, we’ll tell you how to find your body type. Then, we’ll give you expert styling tips on how to dress for your shape. Of course, everybody is different, so it’s okay if you don’t fit into just 1 shape. These are just general guidelines to help you find the styles that make you feel your best!This article is based on an interview with our celebrity stylist & confidence coach, Kalee Hewlett. Check out the full interview here.
1. **Measure your bust, waist, and hips to determine your body type.** The first step in understanding your body shape is to look at how your bust, waist, and hips fit together on your body. Your chest might be bigger than your waist and hips, or your hips might be your largest feature. Just get out a measuring tape and place it around the fullest portion of your bust, smallest area on your waist, and widest part of your hips to find out.
The body types below describe women's bodies. Although it is sometimes possible to determine body type prior to maturity, your body type is most evident after you’ve finished developing bust and hips.
There is no such thing as a "good" or "bad" body type. All bodies are unique and beautiful in their own ways.
Knowing your body type is just a general guideline to help you dress to look and feel your best.
Even model's bodies fall into one of these categories.
2. **You’re likely apple shaped if your shoulders are wider than your hips.** This body shape is often called the inverted triangle and described as "top-heavy." You’ll often have wide shoulders, a full bust, and a straight waist line. Women with this body shape typically have thinner legs, arms, and hips. All you need to do is look at yourself in the mirror to see if you are an apple body type.
About 14% of women have this body type, where their bust is more than three inches (7 cm) larger than their hips.
If you have an apple body shape, your weight might be concentrated around your midsection and chest, giving the appearance of a bigger bust and protruding stomach.
If you naturally have a smaller bust, weight often gathers around your midriff.
3. **You’re probably pear shaped if your hips are wider than your bust.** This is the opposite of an apple body type, being more bottom-heavy than top-heavy. Women with a pear shaped body usually have a defined waist, full hips, and narrow, sloping shoulders. Your body is likely more curvy than straight, with a fuller behind and more muscular legs.
About 20% of women are pear shaped, with hips significantly larger than their chest.
4. **If your hips, waist, and bust are equal, you may have a straight body.** This body shape, often called athletic or rectangular, isn’t as curvy as pear or apple shapes. Instead, your silhouette is fairly straight looking without a noticeable curve around your waist area.
About 46% of women are this shape, where their waist is about the same width as their hips and bust.
If your waist is 1 to 8 inches (2-20 cm) smaller than your bust, you’re probably this type.
Your rib cage defines most of your shape, as there is no waist definition to add curves.
You can still have a rectangular body shape if you have a curvy bottom or a wide chest with a little bit of extra weight around the midriff.
5. **You’re likely an hourglass shape if your hips and bust are the same size.** This body type tends to be curvy on both the top and the bottom with a defined waist—which is why it’s called an hourglass shape. If you have this body type, your hips and bust are very proportional with almost equal measurements.
This is the least common body shape, with only 8% of women having it.
You can still have an hourglass body if you have slightly fleshy upper arms, wider looking shoulders, or a slightly fuller bottom.
6. **Bone structure shapes your body, but weight can alter your proportions.** Your bone structure largely determines your body shape, which can’t be changed no matter your weight. However, losing excess weight by eating healthy and exercising, or consuming more calories to gain weight, can help modify your body proportions.
Unfortunately, it’s not possible to reduce fat in specific areas. Doing core exercises will strengthen your abdominal muscles, but it won’t make fat dissolve in just your stomach.
While increasing your muscle tone can make a difference on your body, you also can’t “spot increase.” For example, chest exercises will firm and tone your bust line, but they won’t increase your breast tissue.
Certain body types are predisposed to gain or lose weight in certain areas. For example, women with hourglass figures tend to gain and lose weight in the bust and hips, but not the waist. But, an apple shaped woman tends to gain weight in her hips and not in her bust.
Adding cardio and resistance training to your workout can help tone your body. Knowing where you tend to retain and lose fat also helps you create a solid exercise plan.
Clothes are meant to flatter your body, so choose styles that make you feel good. There are clothes that don’t flatter even the most beautiful of models. In fact, when a designer selects models for shows, they pick ones that show off their clothes best.
While there’s no “perfect” or “ideal” body, what’s considered beautiful tends to change with history. During the Victorian period, hourglass bodies were celebrated, with many women wearing corsets to get the look. In the 1920s, straight body types came into vogue. Many women wore girdles to flatten their chests!
The beauty of body shapes is also often cultural. An African-American woman may be praised for her hourglass figure, while a Japanese woman is celebrated for her straight body type.
7. **Genetics also play a large role in your body shape.** Look at other women in your family to see a common trend. If the women in your family tend to have the same body type, chances are you do too. Remember, it is not just your mother's family that determines your shape, but your father's as well!
8. **Wear V-shaped necklines and flared pants if you’re apple shaped.** To dress an apple shaped body, highlight your torso and legs. Direct attention away from your midriff and go with shirts and dresses that accentuate your neck, chest, and lower half.
Follow your bodyline and keep details on the top and lower third of your body. With this body type, it is great to wear shirts, blouses, or dresses with slight V-neck shapes.
Choose flared pants over straight-leg or skinny jeans to balance out your wider shoulders and heavier upper body. Wearing bottoms just below your hip bone also helps draw attention away from your midriff.
Dresses and belts that cinch in at your waist can highlight your midsection. If this is an area you want to show-off, go for it! Otherwise, avoid these styles to draw less attention to this area.
If there are features on your body that you want to diminish, wear dark colors like black and navy blue. Wearing tops that drape over your curves can also draw attention away from areas you want to cover.
9. **Accentuate your upper body with structured shirts if you’re pear shaped.** The trick to dressing a pear body type is wearing anything that adds to your shoulder and bust area. This adds focus to your upper body, evening out the proportions between your top and bottom half.
Choose shirts and dresses that have ruffles, pleats, and ties at the top to draw focus to your top half. Boat neck, scoop neck, and sweetheart necklines also emphasize your shoulders. Shoulder pads will always do the trick, too!
Wear straight-leg or slightly flared pants with heels. These styles help balance out your more bottom-heavy shape.
Wearing a well-fitting bra can also enhance your bust and bring balance to your shape.
Pants or tights that narrow your legs, like skinny and very flared jeans, can emphasize your bottom half even more. If you want to create more balance in your figure, avoid these styles.
If you want to hide your bottom half, doing glute exercises and cardio might shrink butt fat. If you want to emphasize it, add weights to your workouts and increase your protein intake to grow your booty.
10. **Wear voluminous tops and skinny jeans if you have a straight body type.** To dress a rectangular body shape, choose clothes that highlight your arms and legs. By wearing bold, patterned tops and figure-hugging jeans, you also break up your silhouette and help create curves along your body.
Go for shirts and dresses with ruffles and frills to add texture, volume, and femininity to your figure. A dress with a lot of embellishment at the bust can give weight to the area and make it look a bit bigger.
Make the most of your great legs by wearing miniskirts with bright tights. Or, throw on skinny jeans. These figure-hugging styles help add more shape and curve to your body.
To pinch in your waist and exaggerate your curves, wear belts with your dresses and skirts.
Putting on shapewear can also create curves to help balance out your more angular features.
Wearing straight or baggy clothing on both your bottom and top can give you a more shapeless look. If you want to create definition with this body type, stay away from these styles.
11. **Emphasize your waist with figure-hugging styles if you’re an hourglass.** When dressing an hourglass figure, embrace your curvy top and bottom. Bring focus to your cinched in middle with shirts and dresses that fit snugly against your waist.
Choose V-neck dresses and tops to accentuate your bust and flatter your hourglass shape. Plunge and sweetheart necklines are also great choices to emphasize your balanced figure.
Draw attention to your waist with belts and accessories that pinch at the midsection. This also helps emphasize your curvy top and bottom.
Get your clothes tailored so they better fit against your body’s outline and accentuate your curves.
Wearing a comfortable, supportive bra also helps flatter your bust.
Boxy and shapeless clothing tends to hide your hourglass shape. If you want to emphasize your curves, avoid these styles. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Dress-for-Your-Body-Type", "language": "en"} |
How to Measure Square Footage | Knowing how to measure square footage can be very useful for real estate rental and sale purposes, and it can also help you ace your next geometry test. To measure the square footage of a space, separate the space into manageable parts, find the square footage of all those different parts (usually by multiplying length times width), and add the square footage of all separate parts together to find the square footage of the overall space.
1. **Break down the area into manageable parts.** If you're having trouble finding the square footage, then it's probably because you're not working with a neat area with just one length and one width. The space might have squares jutting off in different places and could be shaped erratically. All you have to do is split up the space into even squares or rectangles. To find the square footage, or the area, of the entire space, you'll need to find the square footage of the individual spaces and then add them all together.
Draw faint lines separating the different sections.
Label them A, B, and C for your convenience.
2. **Measure the length and width of the first space.** Using a ruler or measuring tape, find the length and width of the first space you've created, Space A.
The length of the space is 12 feet (3.7 m), and the width is 15 feet (4.6 m).
3. **Multiply the length of the first space by the width of the first space.** To find the square footage -- or the area -- of the space, just multiply the length times the width, just as you would do with any rectangle.
Ex: 12 feet (3.7 m). x 15 feet (4.6 m). = 180 square feet
4. **Measure the length and width of the second space.** Let's say that the length of Space B is 20 feet (6.1 m) and the width of Space B is 10 feet (3.0 m).
5. **Multiply the length of the second space times the width of the second space.** This will lead you to find the square footage of the second space. Here's how you find the square footage of Space B:
Ex: 20 feet (6.1 m). x 10 feet (3.0 m). = 200 square feet.
6. **Measure the length and width of the third space.** Let's say that the length of Space C is 20 feet (6.1 m) and the width of Space C is 35 feet (10.7 m).
7. **Multiply the length of the third space times the width of the third space.** This will lead you to find the square footage of the third space. Here's how you find the square footage of Space C:
Ex: 20 feet (6.1 m). x 35 feet (10.7 m). = 700 square feet
8. **Add the square footages of the three spaces.** Once you find the sum of the square footages of the three spaces, you'll know the square footage of the entire space. Here's how you do it:
Square footage of Space A + square footage of Space B + square footage of Space C = square footage of the entire space
180 + 200 + 700 = 1080 square feet
9. **Find the approximation of square footage.** If you're looking for an approximation of square footage, you can also try measuring the outside of your home and then subtracting any areas that won't be factored in to the square footage, such as the porch stairs or garage.
Ceiling and floor tiles are often one square foot in size. You can simply count these to get a close approximation of the total square footage.
10. **Find the square footage of a space that's shaped like a half-circle.** If there's a part of your house that's shaped like a half of a circle, you can find the square footage of the circle by finding the area of the space as if it were a full circle and then dividing it by half. To do this, simply measure the long line that cuts the "circle" in half to get the diameter.
Next, divide that number by 2 to get the radius (r) and plug the result into the equation A = πr.
Finally, divide by 2 to get the area, or square footage, of the half circle.
11. **Find the square footage of a space that's almost regularly shaped.** If you're measuring a space that is almost fully a square or a rectangle, with only a small square or rectangular part missing, then measure the square footage of the entire space as if the missing part was filled in. Then, find the square footage of the missing part and subtract it from the overall square footage to find the square footage of the space. This will save you time. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Measure-Square-Footage", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean Your Belly Button | Your belly button is easy to overlook, but it needs to be cleaned just like every other part of your body. Fortunately, all it takes to keep your belly button clean is a little soap and water! If you have unpleasant belly button odor that doesn’t go away with regular washing, check for signs of an infection. With proper medical treatment, you can clear up the source of the odor and get back to smelling fresh and clean.
1. **Wash your belly button whenever you shower.** The best time to clean your belly button is during a regular bath or shower. Make an effort to include your belly button in your daily washing routine.
You may need to wash your belly button more frequently if you’ve been sweating a lot (e.g., after exercise or when the weather is hot).
2. **Use plain soap and water for routine washing.** You don’t need anything fancy to wash your navel. Warm water and gentle soap will do the trick just fine! Apply some soap and water to your fingers or a washcloth and gently rub it into your belly button to get rid of dirt, grime, and lint. When you’re done, carefully rinse away all the suds.
In general, the soap or cleanser you use for the rest of your body should work fine for your belly button. Use a gentle, unscented soap or bodywash if scented soaps cause drying or irritation.
You can also use saltwater to gently cleanse your belly button. Mix 1 teaspoon (about 6 g) of table salt with 1 cup (240 mL) of warm water and dip a washcloth in the solution. Carefully massage the saltwater into your navel, then rinse it away with plain water.
Saltwater can kill germs and loosen dirt, and you may find it less drying and irritating than soap.
3. **Deep-clean an innie with a washcloth or cotton swab.** It’s easy for dirt and lint to build up in a deep belly button—and it can be challenging to get it out! If you have an innie, you may need to use a washcloth or a cotton swab to get inside and do a thorough cleaning. Swab out the inside of your belly button gently with soap and water, and make sure to rinse it well afterward.
Don’t scrub hard—you could irritate the delicate skin in and around your belly button.
4. **Pat your belly button dry when you’re done.** It’s important to keep your belly button dry to prevent an overgrowth of bacteria and fungus. Once you’re done washing up, use a clean, dry towel to gently dry the area in and around your belly button. If you have time, you can also let it air-dry for a few minutes before putting on clothing.
You can keep moisture from building up in your belly button by dressing in cool, loose clothing when the weather is warm or any time you might break a sweat.
5. **Avoid using oils, creams, or lotions in your belly button.** Don’t use any creams or lotions in your belly button unless your doctor recommends it. Doing so could trap moisture inside your belly button, creating a good environment for unwanted bacteria, fungus, or yeast.
You may be able to safely moisturize your belly button with a little baby oil or light moisturizing lotion if you have an outie rather than an innie. Stop using moisturizer if you experience bad odors, itching and irritation, or other signs of infection.
6. **Look for signs of infection if regular washing doesn’t work.** The most common cause for unpleasant belly button odors is dirt and sweat. In most cases, washing up with a little soap and water will clear up any unwanted smells. If it doesn’t, you might have an infection. Look for symptoms such as:
Scaly red skin
Tenderness or swelling in or around your belly button
Itching
Yellow or green fluid or pus leaking from your belly button
Fever or general feelings of illness or fatigue
7. **See your doctor for a diagnosis if you have infection symptoms.** If you think you have an infection, make an appointment with your doctor right away. They can evaluate what kind of infection you have and tell you how to treat it properly.
The appropriate treatment will be different depending on whether your infection is caused by bacteria, fungus, or yeast. Don’t try to guess what kind of infection you have, since using the wrong treatment could do more harm than good.
Your doctor may swab your belly button to get a sample for testing. This can help them determine what’s causing your infection.
8. **Use topical medications to treat a bacterial, fungal, or yeast infection.** If it turns out you have an infection in your belly button, you may need to use an antibiotic or antifungal ointment or powder for a while to clear it up. Your doctor may prescribe medication or instruct you to buy one over-the-counter. Treating the infection should also get rid of any nasty odors or discharge! Follow any other home care instructions your doctor may have, such as:
Resisting the urge to scratch or pick at your infected belly button
Changing and washing your bedsheets and clothing regularly to prevent reinfection
Avoiding sharing towels with other people
Wearing loose, comfortable clothing to help keep your belly button cool and dry
Cleansing your belly button daily with a saltwater solution
9. **Ask your doctor to drain a belly button cyst if you have one.** Sometimes a cyst can form in your belly button, potentially leading to swelling, pain, and bad-smelling discharge. If you have an infected cyst in your belly button, your doctor will probably drain the cyst in their office. They may also prescribe oral or topical antibiotics to help clear up the infection. Follow their home care instructions to help the cyst heal properly.
Ask your doctor for detailed instructions on how to clean and care for your cyst at home. They may recommend putting a warm, dry compress over the area 3-4 times a day. If they applied a dressing, you will need to change it at least once a day until your doctor says you can stop using it.
If your doctor packed the cyst with gauze, you’ll need to return to have it removed after 2 days. Wash the wound with warm water once a day until it heals (usually within 5 days).
If the cyst comes back, you might need to have surgery to remove it completely. For deep cysts, such as urachal cysts, the surgeon will probably make a tiny incision and remove the cyst using delicate instruments, guided by a camera.
You will likely need to stay in the hospital for 2-3 days after the surgery, and should be able to return to your regular activities in about 2 weeks.
10. **Visit your doctor to get navel stones removed if necessary.** If you have a deep belly button and don’t clean it often enough, dirt, lint, and oils can build up inside it. Eventually, these materials can form a hardened mass, called an omphalith or navel stone. If this happens to you, make an appointment with your doctor. They can use forceps to gently pull out the stone.
In many cases, navel stones don’t cause any symptoms. Sometimes, however, they can cause sores and infections to develop.
You can prevent navel stones by cleaning your belly button regularly with soap and water. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Your-Belly-Button", "language": "en"} |
How to Become a Professional Organizer | You've always loved reordering the Tupperware drawer, making study schedules for your friends, and organizing your closet—and as a professional organizer, you can make a living off of your passion! So, how can you make your dream a reality? Because most professional organizers work as freelance consultants, the trick is finding and keeping clients. In this article, we'll teach you everything you need to know about becoming a professional organizer, including the experience, skills, and training required. Read on to get started!
1. **Organizational skills.** Make sure you have a real knack for creating order—especially in the area of your chosen specialty. Maybe you’re that friend who calls everyone to make sure they’ve packed the right things for vacation. Maybe, when friends are moving, they call you for help (because they know you'll make the process feel super easy!).
If you’re looking to organize spaces, you probably have an ultra-organized bedroom and home.
If you’re planning on organizing peoples’ schedules, you’re probably always on time and manage a busy schedule flawlessly.
2. **Understanding.** Tons of people who reach out to organizers feel a little guilty or ashamed. They may feel like, because they need help creating order in their life, that there’s something wrong with them. An excellent organizer will know how to accept and show empathy to their clients.
3. **Creativity.** Professional organization isn't always as straightforward as it seems. You may have tons of unexpected challenges thrown your way and to deal with them, you may need to be quick on your feet and think outside of the box.
Say your client realizes they have way more stuff than they thought they did, but you only booked one moving truck—what will you do?
4. **Communication.** Whether it’s selling your skills, managing difficult clients, or hiring out other services to help with a job—the ability to communicate well is huge for a professional organizer. Do you know how to get your point across clearly and efficiently?
Not only will this make the people you work with appreciate you even more, but it can also make your role much easier to manage.
5. **You don’t need any certifications or training to get started.** It’s a myth that you need any degrees, certifications, or licenses to get started as a professional organizer. Having a certification lends you more credibility down the line. But to begin on your path towards certification, you actually need to keep gaining experience in the field.
Marketing and salesmanship can make up for a lack of certification. You never know, you could find clients willing to pay top rates—even without formal training!
6. **Work 1500 paid hours over 3 years to get certified with NAPO.** The National Association of Productivity & Organizing has its own specific set of requirements. First, earn a high school degree. Then, complete and document 1500 hours of paid work. Once you’ve completed those requirements, sit for the certification test (which lasts roughly 2 hours and costs $450). If you pass the test, you’re in the clear.
Completing your paid work takes ~3 years, but must be completed in at least 5 years.
Every year, pay $100 to keep your certification active. Every 3 years, take steps to get recertified. Either retake the CPO exam or take 45 hours of courses.
7. **Take classes and do work over ~2 years to get certified with ICD.** The Institute for Challenging Disorganization is the go-to for educating soon-to-be professional organizers. There are 3 courses and levels, and once you complete all 3, you’re granted CPO (Certified Professional Organizer) status. Again, these courses take place ‘’while’’ you’re working as an organizer. To satisfy your Level III requirements, you’ll need to have worked for 2 years.
Level 1: This covers your career basics, like hoarding behaviors, interpersonal relations, and even working with clients suffering from ADHD.
Level 2: At this stage, you learn more about your specialization. If you want to help with productivity or older clients, you'll cover this information in II.
Level III: At this point, you'll have spent 17-20 months studying. You’ll take more advanced courses and spend 18 hours working with a mentor in your field. Then, you're CPO certified!
8. **Choose your specialty.** Professional organizers have the option of specializing their skillsets and clientele. Explore your options and read up on specializations that might be the perfect fit for you. Reflect on what draws you most to organization. Are you interested in the interpersonal aspect or solo work? Do you love the idea of helping people who really need it? There are so many paths to take, for example:
Help people organize their time. Specialize in coaching, time management, or productivity.
Organize physical spaces. Choose a specialty in moving, attics/basements, or storage units.
Help people with their specific, personal hurdles. Help seniors, people with ADHD, or children.
9. **Get the word out through friends and family.** Your first few clients are crucial—they help you get experience, references, and more referral clients down the line. Share your plans with friends and family and ask them to discuss with their connections, too. Then, even though these are people you already know well (and you'll definitely stay friends either way) it's best to challenge yourself, right from the get-go.
Consider making business cards with your specialty, that way your pals can pass those out to their friends, too.
Ask early clients to write you a review if you can. That way, you’ll have it on file to impress future customers.
Work out the kinks with clients you already know. Ask these customers about how you can improve, then brainstorm ways to raise the bar for yourself.
10. **Leverage social media to gain more clients.** To expand your clientele, the internet will be your super tool. Create business accounts, share them with your connections from your personal account, and ask friends to share your business page, too. Continue trying to build your reach by friending people, joining online professional groups, and inviting clients to like and share your page.
Or, go the extra mile and make a webpage for your business. This way, as your business grows, people can ask questions, book time, and look at your success stories—all on your site.
Sites like Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, Pinterest, and Youtube are great for building a following and getting the word out.
11. **Get comfortable with selling yourself.** You’re getting started in this career for a reason—you’re a passionate, detail-oriented, hard worker. Don’t be afraid to let potential clients know! Be upfront about the value you bring to the table. Avoid self-effacing comments, because they may make you look less confident. Highlight your skills, successes, experience, and qualifications.
You know that your skills can change your clients' lives, so communicate that when a client is interested in your work.
Get comfortable giving your elevator pitch to people when they're curious. Whether it's a grocery store isle or a wedding, you never know where you could meet your next big client!
Even though it might feel a little strange, your competition is doing this same thing, so you should be too.
12. **Remember that empathy and understanding are marketable skills, too.** When someone needs help from a professional organizer, they might feel embarrassed. Plus, your client might need help because of a major life event—so make sure you’re offering emotional support, too. Focus on being an active listener and not judging them.
If a client moves because they’ve split with their partner (and they call you to help), let them know that you’re sorry they’re going through a tough time.
If you’re working with a hoarder who’s embarrassed about their living situation, remind them that you would never judge them.
13. **Offer great deals to win clients while you're still getting started.** To build up your base, give discounts to clients at the beginning. Before you have references or experience to speak of, clients might feel like they're taking a chance by hiring you. But by giving them an amazing rate, you lower the risk. Even when you’ve been a professional for years, this practice can do wonders. You could try:
Offering your first few customers half-price rates
Offering first-time customers a free initial consultation session
Offering customers discounted hours if they refer you to a new client
14. **Invest in coaching, memberships, and conferences.** Expand your skills and connections by getting involved in the professional organizer community. Attend virtual or in-person conferences and consider gaining membership to well-known organizations. Note that some of these options are free, some will charge a fee.
The American Society for Professional Organizers offers extra resources for their members and coursework for those looking to expand their knowledge.
The National Association for Productivity and Organization offers a conference each year in April and additional coursework, too.
15. **Corporate organizers are becoming popular, which could raise demand.** Companies are investing more in new things, like community and mentorship, and it leaves gaps in their workloads. Namely, corporate and office organization can fall by the wayside. If this trend continues and more organizers are hired in the corporate world (and not just by individuals!), the job outlook for professional organizers could continue to grow.
16. **Rates vary widely, but the average yearly salary in the US is $76,000 a year.** If you’re working for yourself, you set your own hours, rates, and clientele. So in short: the sky is the limit. Some professional organizers find clients who are thrilled to pay them upwards of $150 an hour (which is much higher than the average hourly rate: $36).
Professional organizers also enjoy a high job satisfaction and flexibility. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Become-a-Professional-Organizer", "language": "en"} |
How to Study Using the Preview, Question, Read, Summary, Test or PQRST Method | The Preview, Question, Read, Summary, Test or PQRST Method is an effective way to learn material and retain it in your memory. This technique helps in prioritizing the information in a way that relates directly to how you might be asked to use that information in an exam. To follow this method, preview material to get the bigger picture of what is being studied, formulate questions to answer while you read, read with intent, summarize material in your own way, and test yourself on what you have studied.
1. **Check the table of contents.** To get acquainted with the material you are going to be studying, check out the table of contents in a syllabus, textbook, or course pack. Note how the content is divided, and what the major topics are. Note how ideas are mapped out, and what concepts have more pages to devoted to them.
For example, a history textbook will likely be divided by era, with subtitles listing important battles, elections, or other events of note.
2. **Read headings, summaries, or keywords.** To get a sense of what you are studying before you begin to read in-depth, scan the course material for summarizing text. Summaries could include topic headings, bolded keywords, or chapter summaries.) These parts should offer a general idea of what the chapter or section will cover and frame further reading of the content.
In some study materials, pictures, maps, or diagrams may serve the same purpose.
3. **Scan the first and last sentences of paragraphs.** For further insight, or if no table of contents, headings, or other summaries are available, read the first and last sentences of each paragraph. Reading the introduction and conclusion of each paragraph will give you a quick overview of its content and help you trace the chain of ideas presented. Identify what the subject matter is, as well as the approach taken to the subject within the text (e.g. a comparative study or historical overview).
4. **Turn subject headings into questions.** Formulate questions that you would like to be able to answer once you have finished studying. Start by using subject headings or subheadings to formulate questions. For instance, turn the heading, “Einstein’s Theory of Relativity” into the question, “What is Einstein’s Theory of Relativity?”
5. **Generate questions based on your preview.** Write down any questions you may have after your initial preview of the material to be studied. Include as few or as many questions as you have based of your understanding of the content. If the text that you are studying includes study questions, add them to the list.
For instance, your preview of an astronomy article might lead you to ask questions like, "how long does Mars' orbit take?"
6. **Write questions based on your previous knowledge of the topic.** Use the limited knowledge (or pre-conceived notions) that you already have about a topic to write questions. The questions should be geared towards clarifying the truth about the subject (e.g. "Is it true that bears hibernate for half of the year?"). As you study, these questions will be answered, and misconceptions debunked.
7. **Read in clusters.** As you start to study, be mindful to read for ideas rather than keywords – do this by focusing on clusters of words while reading rather than single words. This effort reduces the number of times your eyes stop while reading, and increases comprehension by making you read with more direct intent. Be sure to keep this up throughout your studying; “cluster reading” can increase the speed of your reading.
For example, read through an entire paragraph about an anaconda being able to eat an impala, instead of stopping after the first sentence stating that fact.
8. **Highlight important things.** Read through paragraphs with the intention of highlighting the important points of each. Each paragraph in a text contains one main idea and other, supporting ideas. Highlight the main point of each paragraph so you can refer back to it easily without having to skim through all of the content again (e.g. in a paragraph about the status of the snow leopard, highlight the sentence, "Due to climate change, snow leopards are going extinct.")
Jotting down notes in the margins of your study material is also a good way to note important details.
9. **Evaluate your understanding.** Choose an interval at which to stop reading and evaluate your understanding of the content you just studied (e.g. every ten minutes, every chapter). Ask yourself if you’re learning anything from the text, or if you’ve absorbed all of the details you read. If necessary, reread the text.
10. **Write notes for yourself.** Based on what you’ve read, write notes for yourself using your questions, the answers to them, and other pertinent content that struck your interest. Use the format of note-taking that suits you best (e.g. lists in point form.) Be sure that your notes are legible and coherent enough to refer to easily later on.
If you understand things better in list form, for instance, make a list of the most notable battles during WWI when writing your history notes.
11. **Record page numbers and references within your notes.** While you write your notes, record the page numbers of the source material that you are referencing. Having this information will allow you to go back to the source easily when you review your notes. If any pertinent maps, charts, pictures, or other visual aids relate to part of your notes, write down the page numbers for those as well.
12. **Recite notes in your head or out loud.** In addition to taking written notes, summarizing the content you’ve read (either out loud or in your head) is an excellent way to process and retain the information. Organize your thoughts as if you were giving a lecture or oral presentation about the subject, and make the “lesson” as comprehensive as possible.
By formulating the material that you’ve studied in the style of a presentation, you make the content more engaging and understandable for yourself as well as your imaginary audience.
13. **Read and answer the list of questions you wrote.** Answer the questions that you compiled for yourself as comprehensively as you can given what you’ve managed to learn from your studying process. Do not consult your notes until after you’re done testing yourself on the study material. Note the questions you got wrong or didn’t answer and focus extra attention on the content related to them.
14. **Use mnemonic devices.** Mnemonic devices are memory techniques that allow your brain to encode and retain information. These study tricks are essentially shortcuts that allow you to recall things, in the form of acronyms, images, rhymes, songs, or other memorable devices. Create or use mnemonic devices for the content that you have more difficulty remembering when studying.
For example, a popular mnemonic device for students learning history is, “in fourteen hundred and ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue”, used to remember the year of Christopher Columbus’ famous expedition.
15. **Review learning material.** Based on the sections that you struggle with when testing yourself, review your study material. Reread your notes and, if necessary, re-write notes for the content that you have trouble remembering to reinforce your understanding of it. Continue testing yourself on the material until you feel confident that you've learned it. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Study-Using-the-Preview,-Question,-Read,-Summary,-Test-or-PQRST-Method", "language": "en"} |
How to Understand a Teenager | It can be difficult to see your little one turn into a teenager right before your eyes and realize you have no idea how to relate to them anymore. If you feel at a loss in how to connect to and understand your teen, try being empathetic to their experiences. Ask questions and take an interest in their activities. Give them independence and privacy and learn to accept their changes while remaining supportive.
1. **Communicate your expectations to them clearly.** Let your teenager know exactly what you expect them to do and not do. This will reduce conflict, and it will help your teenager understand their responsibilities. Try to express these boundaries in loving ways. You might:
Ask them to do manageable tasks. For example, instead of telling them "can you clean up?", ask them, "Can you wash the dishes tonight?"
Give them two clear choices. For example, you might say, "You can either go to the movie tonight with your friends or sleep over at their house on Friday."
Ask them to state the consequences of their actions. For example, you might say, "what do you think will happen if you miss too many of your classes?"
2. **Allow them levels of independence.** Slowly support your teen in developing their independence as they mature. For example, let your younger teen choose how to decorate their room and style their hair. Older teens may be able to use the car, attend activities without an adult, or hold a part-time job.
A controlling parent may face increased conflict with a teen who seeks independence. Ask your teen what independence they’d like and come to some compromises.
3. **Accept their social needs.** Teens are often concerned with social relationships, fitting in with peers, and making social decisions such as whether to use drugs or engage in sexual activity. They will likely want to spend more time with friends than with their family. While it’s important for them to be a part of the family, make sure that you respect their need to engage in friendships, be with friends, and create their social identity.
Allow your teen to join clubs or groups or do other social activities (such as go to the skate park, join sports teams, or hang out with friends).
Ask your teenager about their friends, and try to learn their names. Before they hang out, meet their friends in person if you can.
4. **Respect their privacy.** Teens want increasing independence and this includes needs for privacy, too. It might feel like your teen is tuning you out or ignoring you, but they are likely wanting some space to be alone (or with friends). Respect their desire for privacy and consider giving them increased privacy as they get older.
If your teen isn’t forthright in talking to you or wants to spend less time with you, don’t take it personally and instead, see it is a developmental stage. You do, however, get the final say in their activities and should look out for their safety.
5. **Recognize their sleep habits.** It’s natural for teens to fall asleep later (after 11 p.m.) and sleep in the next morning. Be mindful of these sleep patterns, but also encourage them to get adequate sleep. Not getting enough sleep can affect their moods, memory, and concentration.
If your teen struggles to get restful sleep, remove electronic devices from their bedrooms (cell phones, televisions, tablets, etc) so that the light does not stimulate them instead of relaxing them.
A consistent bedtime can also help with getting more restful sleep.
6. **Let them make their own mistakes.** No matter how many warnings you give, teens often prefer to learn experientially. Some teens may need to fail or make mistakes in order to learn from them and be responsible. As a parent, it’s difficult to watch your child fail. Let them know that you support them, love them, and you will be there for them, no matter the outcome.
Be there to comfort your teen when they are disappointed, even if you want to say, “I told you so.”
7. **Listen actively to your teen.** If you remember being a teenager, then you probably remember that it wasn’t easy. If your teen is complaining about their difficulties, don’t immediately brush them off or say, “I had it worse.” Instead, listen in. While their problems may sound trivial to you, they feel big to your teen. Practice empathy by hearing them out and imagining yourself in their place.
Relate to how problems can feel big even when they are small.
8. **Ask questions to show interest.** One of the best ways to build connections and understand your teen is by being curious and asking questions. Don’t pester your teen, but show curiosity toward them and ask them about their interests, friends, goals, and dreams. When asking questions, keep them open-ended. For example, instead of asking, “Did you have a good day at school?” say, “What activities did you enjoy at school today?”
When your teen does share with you, listen and respond thoughtfully.
Have regular and frequent conversations with your child. Talking together should be a daily activity.
9. **Spend quality time together.** While your teenager may be becoming their own person, you should still look for opportunities to spend time together. Look for activities that aren't connected to their schoolwork or extracurriculars. You can:
Eat dinner together every night
Play boardgames
Do a craft project
Take a hike
Go on a family vacation
Visit a local festival
10. **Support their activities.** Whether your child is a star athlete or master chess player, support the activities that interest them, even if they interest you very little. Understanding their likes and interests can give you a glimpse into their life. If you’re concerned or don’t understand their interests, do some research and learn about them.
Find ways to support their chosen activities. Attend athletic games, go to plays, and support their after-school activities.
11. **Recognize cultural influences.** Teens want to have a unique identity, yet also want to fit in and feel accepted by their peers. Feeling included (via sports, clothes, music, or interests) aids in their sense of belonging. They may also look up to athletes, academics, or actors as role models on how to talk or dress.
Teens might look to social media and the internet for what’s acceptable or how to fit in.
Spend some time watching television shows your teen enjoys or get to know the activities they like. Do activities together that your teen enjoys.
12. **Let them express their emotions.** Adults often tell teens to stop sulking or being upset or angry, but let your teen express their emotions. If they avoid their feelings or stuff them down, they will likely come out in a more negative way later. Teens are learning how to identify and manage their emotions, so allow them to do this. It’s important for them to recognize and accept their feelings as they happen and find ways to release their emotions, like talking to a friend.
Remind your teen that there are no good or bad emotions, but there are good and bad ways of dealing with them.
13. **Tell them that you love them no matter what happens.** Your teenager may worry that you will judge them or become angry when they make a mistake. Let them know that while you may not agree with all of their decisions, you will still love them no matter what.
Try not to expect perfection out of your teenager. Part of life is making mistakes, and your teenager may make a few as they grow up. Help them learn from these mistakes without judging them.
14. **Be sensitive to their moods.** Give teens space to manage their emotions on their own. Leave them be in their room or back off after arguments. Have some empathy toward their moodiness as it can result from triggers such as a breakup, academic disappointment, or social or family problems.
If mood swings happen frequently (days instead of hours, for example) or intensely, you may want to ask a professional about mental health treatment.
15. **Get professional help for your teen if they exhibit extreme behaviors.** Notice any sudden or major changes to their behavior. This might include extreme weight gain or weight loss, changes to sleeping or eating habits, failing grades, sudden changes in friends, skipping school, or signs of using substances or alcohol.
If your teen exhibits some of these symptoms, get them professional help. See a therapist or make an appointment with their physician.
16. **Get involved in their mental health.** If your teen has a mental health diagnosis such as ADHD, anxiety, or depression, do some research on it. Talk to their physician or mental health counselor about how you can support them and aid in their treatment.This can help your child feel supported and understood.
Take them to appointments, talk to their therapist, and understand their treatment.
Ask them about their diagnosis in a non-invasive way. For example, say, “What is it like to have ADHD?” or, “How does anxiety affect your academics?” | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Understand-a-Teenager", "language": "en"} |
How to Start a Stihl Chainsaw | Before starting your Stihl chainsaw, make sure that the area surrounding you is free from other people and objects. Stihl recommends starting a chainsaw from a sitting position, but it is possible to start one on uneven ground if necessary, using a different technique. The correct procedure for starting your chainsaw will also depend on whether you are using a gas-powered or electric tool. Always read your chainsaw’s manual thoroughly to know how to operate the tool safely.
1. **Check the fuel cap.** If you have a gas-powered chainsaw, it will need to be fueled up before using it. Before starting it, you should make sure that the fuel cap is securely fastened, and that there are no drips or pools of fuel on the outside of the chainsaw.
If you see any fuel on the outer parts of the chainsaw, carefully wipe it away.
Always start your chainsaw well away from fuel sources.
2. **Activate the chain brake.** On a gas-powered Stihl chainsaw, the chain brake is located just in front of the handlebar. All you have to do to activate it is push it forward. This will keep the chain locked as a safety precaution while you are starting the chainsaw, and until you are ready to use the tool.
3. **Remove the bar cover.** Your chainsaw may be equipped with a sheath or cover that goes over the chain and bar. If so, remove it before starting the chainsaw. That way, your tool will be ready to use once you start it.
4. **Press the decompression valve, if applicable.** Typically, only professional-grade Stihl chainsaws have a decompression valve, so if you have a home or consumer-grade model, you will skip this step. If you have a professional saw, simply press the valve down (it will be located on the top of the chainsaw, near the starter rope).
5. **Pump the primer valve, if your saw has one.** Many Stihl models have a primer valve located on the side of the tool, near the handlebar. If yours has one, simply push it down several times. Don’t worry about the number of times you press the valve.-Several pushes won’t flood the engine, only circulate the fuel.
6. **Set the master control to the cold start setting.** Press and hold the throttle trigger lockout (located on the side of the chainsaw, above the trigger) with your thumb, then move the master control (on the left of the rear of the chainsaw) down as far as it will go. This is the position you should start the chainsaw in the first time you use it each session.
If you have recently used the chainsaw, turned it off for a few minutes, and are ready to use it again, set the master control to the warm start setting before beginning. This is located one notch up from the lowest setting.
7. **Set your chainsaw on the ground in a clear, flat area.** Stihl recommends starting your chainsaw from a sitting position. Set the tool on level ground, and make sure there is nothing touching or immediately below or in front of the bar and chain.
Never “drop” start or “throw” start your chainsaw. These are dangerous positions that do not allow you to control your tool.
8. **Hold the chainsaw down with your foot and hand.** Slip the toe of your right foot into the rear handle opening. At the same time, press down on front handle with your left hand, wrapping your thumb and fingers around it and locking your elbow. This will secure the chainsaw as you start it.
9. **Pull the starter rope.** Grip the handle of the starter rope with your right hand. Slowly pull vertically until you feel some resistance. Then, pull the starter rope quickly several times until the chainsaw fires.
Only grasp the starter rope handle. Never wrap the rope around your hand or grasp the rope itself.
10. **Set the chainsaw to open the “choke”.** The chainsaw will fire, but then immediately die again. When this happens, move the master control up one position to the half throttle (warm start) setting.
If you recently used your chainsaw, the master control should already be at the warm start setting.
11. **Pull the starter rope again.** Using the same technique as before, grasp the starter rope handle again and pull vertically. You will hear the engine of your chainsaw fire again.
12. **Move the master control to the idle setting.** Once the chainsaw has started and stays running, move the master control up one notch. Just a slight touch of your finger should do it. This will keep the chainsaw running.
13. **Lift the chainsaw up.** Check your surroundings one more time to make sure there are no people or objects in your way. Slowly get up, holding the chainsaw by the handlebar. Then release the chain brake by pulling it back toward you. Your chainsaw is now ready to use.
14. **Make sure you have secure footing.** If you must start your chainsaw on uneven ground, Stihl recommends an alternate technique for safety reasons. First of all, use your foot to clear any debris away from your site, and make a small impression in the ground you can use to support your foot.
Do not use the chainsaw on any gravel or masonry. If the blade hits the rocks, it could send them flying.
15. **Position the rear handle of the chainsaw against your leg.** Brace the handle against your body, just above the knee. This will give you greater control over the chainsaw.
16. **Hold the chainsaw securely.** Keep your left hand on the chainsaw’s handlebar, and lock your elbow. Use your right hand to start the chainsaw, then follow the same directions for pulling the starter rope and starting your tool as you would when beginning from a sitting position.
17. **Connect to a power supply.** The power supply you connect your chainsaw to must be of the same voltage. Check your chainsaw’s manual for information if you are not sure about your model’s specifications.
Use an extension cord if necessary.
18. **Find secure, balanced footing.** You can start an electric chainsaw from a seated or standing position as necessary. As you would for a gas-powered chainsaw, check and make sure that the surrounding area is free from people and obstructions. Your body should feel balanced before you begin.
19. **Pull the hand guard toward handle.** The hand guard will be located just in front of the handlebar. Pull it toward you (and the back of the chainsaw) until it clicks. This is a safety feature designed to protect you as you operate the chainsaw, which will not start until the guard is engaged.
20. **Press the trigger switch lockout.** This is located just above the trigger, on the side of the handle. Use your thumb to depress the switch, and make sure to keep holding it down fully.
21. **Squeeze the trigger.This will be located on the underside of the handle.** Use just your index finger to pull the trigger up, but grasp it firmly. Keep holding the lockout. Your chainsaw is now ready to use. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Start-a-Stihl-Chainsaw", "language": "en"} |
How to Wrap a Cat | Knowing how to wrap a cat is an invaluable skill, especially when you need to give her medicine. The finished wrapped cat looks somewhat like a swaddled baby, with her limbs immobilized against her body in a cocoon, and her head sticking out. When done properly the cat incurs nothing worse than a little ruffled pride. To get the technique right, start with Step 1 below.
1. **Before disturbing the cat, get a towel ready.** To do this, shake the towel out and spread it evenly over a flat surface. A table is better than the floor as it's easier on your back and arms.
A large towel is ideal, such as a beach towel or bed sheet. If necessary you could use a closed-weave blanket of a similar size. Open weave blankets offer little protection and are not suitable because the cat will catch her claws in the fabric.
2. **Speak calmly to the cat and pick her up with both hands, cradling her weight in your arms.** A regular-sized towel has a longer length and narrower width. You will want to place the cat centrally on the towel, at a right-angle to the length, with her nose touching one edge.
Let the cat rest on her belly in a natural crouching position, with her paws underneath.
There should be an equal length of towel on either side of the cat’s body.
3. **Make the first fold.** If you are right handed, use your left hand to grip her scruff and vice versa. This area of loose skin over the shoulders is where a mother cat holds her kittens to trigger a passive reaction. Although you may feel reticent about gripping your pet firmly, be assured you are not hurting, or harming her in any way. To make the first fold:
With your right hand, grasp the towel edge 8 to 10 inches (20 to 25 cm) from the cat.
Apply firm tension to the fabric and fold it right-over-left across the cat’s back, and include the hand restraining the cat in the wrap. You will remove your hand after the next step.
Gently lift the cat by the scruff, such that her body is raised at a 45 degree angle to the horizontal, with her bottom resting on the floor and her forequarters elevated.
Feed the fold of towel lying across her back, under her left front paw. Then lower her paws back to the table top so that her body weight anchors this first wrap in place.
4. **Make the second fold.** To make the second fold, do the following:
With your left hand still encased, grasp the towel on the left side of the cat. As before, apply firm tension as you cross the fabric left-to-right over the cat’s back. The cat is now enclosed in a towel cocoon with just her head sticking out.
Now free your left hand. Let go of her scruff and wriggle your fingers free of the wrap. If you applied the correct tension to the towel, the cat’s limbs will remain firmly held against her body.
Place your newly freed hand under her chest. Lift her front end up off the flat surface so that her body is angled at about 45 degrees horizontally.
Now use your right hand to grasp the trailing edge of the second wrap. Feed it under the cat and pull it firmly so she is tightly swaddled. Continue to wrap the remaining length of towel around the cat until the free length is used up.
5. **Make the final fold.** The cat is now rolled in a towel but, if she is determined, she could wriggle out backwards. The final, or "burrito" fold, involves tucking the width of the towel dangling behind her, under the body. This is as simple as it sounds:
Simply lift up her wrapped rear end and tuck the dangling tail of fabric beneath her.
Now when you lower her back end down, her body weight pins the towel beneath her and there is no backwards escape route.
6. **Examine your cat or give her medicine.** After wrapping your cat, you can immediately give her medicine. Or you can examine a leg or paw by slowly pulling the desired body part out for examination, through the opening end of the towel or blanket.
wikiHow's How to Give a Cat a Pill might come in handy right about now!
7. **Try first to talk your way around the cat.** Praise her and reassure her that no harm will be done. Act as normal as possible. If necessary, go about your day so she doesn't sense that something is going on.
If you have another person with you, this will be a lot easier. Distract that cat yourself while the other person grabs the towel or blanket to wrap them with. Have them approach from behind.
8. **Get a thick and large towel or blanket.** You want that's ideally three or four times the size of the cat. A large blanket, towel, or sheet is best. Avoid those that have a loose weave, as your cat could paw or claw her way out.
You'll also need a towel or blanket resting smooth on a large, flat surface. The towel in your hands now is to cover her and to keep her from clawing you and escaping. The towel on the table will be the one she is wrapped in.
9. **Immediately throw it over the cat.** Try to get the cat as centered in the towel as possible. Restrain her as necessary -- you won't hurt her if your aim is simply restraint.
If you miss, you may be better off waiting for the shock to wear off. For the next hour or so, she'll probably be on high alert. Try again when she seems calmer.
10. **Immediately locate the scruff of the neck and grab it.** This needs to happen while the cat is still inside the towel. Grab it using both of your hands, if necessary. If she's behaving, use your non-dominant hand. Your dominant hand will be used for wrapping.
Being grabbed by the scruff of the neck won't hurt her. In fact, it's where mother cats grab their kittens. It signals to the kittens that they should be passive and docile.
11. **Place the cat on a table with a large thick towel already spread on it.** Follow the same procedure as in wrapping a cat that is calm, only complete it as quickly as possible. When the wrapping is complete, you can then immediately medicate her or examine her as needed.
The first method in this article outlines the three-move, or "burrito," wrapping method. You'll be ready to start at step 3.
If you do end up getting bitten or scratched by the cat, wash the area with warm, soapy water. If you have a weak immune system, see a doctor, as there is risk of bacterial infection. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Wrap-a-Cat", "language": "en"} |
How to Get on The Voice | The Voice is a singing competition TV show that is broadcast each year on NBC, starting in 2011. If you can sing and also meet the show’s other eligibility requirements, you could become a contestant on The Voice! To get on The Voice, check first to make sure you meet the eligibility requirements for the show. Then, apply for an open call audition and prepare a few songs that represent your style and abilities well. If traveling to an open call isn’t practical for you, you can film yourself performing and submit a video audition at any time.
1. **Provide proof that you are legally present in the U.** You don’t have to be a U.S. citizen to compete on The Voice, but you do need to be able to prove that you can legally stay and work in the U.S. Some acceptable forms of proof include:
A valid U.S. passport
A valid U.S. driver’s license and social security card
A green card
2. **Make sure you will be at least 13 years old by this year’s deadline.** You don’t have to be 13 yet at the time of your audition. However, you must turn 13 by the deadline stated on The Voice’s casting website in order to participate in the current year’s competition. Check the Eligibility page to see if you meet the age criteria to compete: https://www.nbcthevoice.com/auditions/eligibility.
For example, to participate in the 2019 competition, you must turn 13 on or before March 20, 2019.
If you’re younger than 18, you’ll need to have a parent or guardian submit a Parental/Legal Guardian Consent form along with your application.
3. **Don’t audition if you’re running for public office.** Candidates for public office aren’t eligible to audition for The Voice. If you are selected to participate in the competition, you’ll have to put off running for any office for at least 1 year after the final episode of that year’s show is broadcast.
If you do want to run for office after competing, talk to the producers about the projected schedule for the show so that you can plan accordingly.
4. **Submit to a background check.** Before you can participate on The Voice, you may be asked to complete a background check to ensure that you are legally eligible to compete. You’ll need to voluntarily agree to the check. Make sure to submit any required paperwork or supporting documents associated with the background check.
You will likely need to supply written permission for the background check to be conducted.
You may also need to participate in a physical and psychological evaluation if you’re selected as a contestant.
5. **Save enough money to cover your own travel expenses.** The Voice won’t pay for you to travel to auditions, so be prepared to pay for your own transportation and (if necessary) room and board. If you don’t live in or near one of the audition cities, plan ahead so that you can reserve any necessary tickets or hotel rooms in advance.
In 2019, The Voice auditions are being held in New York, NY, Miami, FL, Nashville, TN, and San Francisco, CA.
6. **Complete and return any required paperwork on time.** If you’re invited to be a participant, you will need to fill out a variety of agreements, release forms, and waivers. Make sure you fill out all of these forms and submit them by the required deadlines so that you will be eligible to participate in the show.
Documents you may be required to submit include a Participant Agreement and a Release and Arbitration Provision.
If you’re a minor, you may need a parent or guardian to complete some of the paperwork for you.
7. **Be prepared to meet the show’s travel demands if you’re selected.** If you make it to the last rounds of the audition process, you may be asked to stay in Los Angeles, CA for up to 7 days during the final selection. If you’re selected as a contestant, be ready to travel to one or more locations and stay there for several weeks or months during the filming of the show.
If you’re selected as a finalist or a competitor, the producer of the show will pay for your travel and lodging expenses.
8. **Work with the producer to ensure you meet all propriety requirements.** Before you can compete on The Voice, the producer and the network(s) involved in broadcasting the show will need to determine if it would be inappropriate for you to compete for any reason. Make sure to answer any questions honestly and provide any details that they request. They may ask you if:
You or any of your family members have worked for NBC or any other networks or studios involved in the show over the past 2 years.
You or a family member has been involved in the development or production of The Voice, or worked for someone who has.
You or a family member has been involved with advertising or sponsorship of the show.
9. **Set up an artist account on the NBC website.** To start the application process, go to The Voice’s audition registration website, here: https://www.nbcthevoice.com/artistaccount/register. If you don’t already have an account, click the “Create an account” button under the “New account” tab.
Once you click the link, follow the prompts and provide all the requested information to set up your account.
10. **Select your audition city and date.** Once your account is set up, log in and look at the audition dates and places for the upcoming competition. Choose the audition city that’s closest to you, then select your audition date and time slot.
For the 2019 competition, New York auditions take place on January 19, Miami auditions are on January 26, Nashville auditions are on February 16, and San Francisco auditions are on February 24.
11. **Print out your audition pass.** A week before your selected audition date, you’ll receive an Artist Audition Pass at the email address you submitted when you created your account. If you don’t get the email, you can log into your artist account and download the pass from there. Print out your audition pass and bring it with you to the audition.
Make sure you bring a photo ID, as well. You won’t be able to audition if you can’t present both your ID and your audition pass when you arrive at the audition location!
12. **Arrive at the audition location during your selected time slot.** On the day of the audition, give yourself plenty of time to get to the designated location during your assigned time slot. You can only audition at the selected time and place, so don’t try to show up at a different location or at a different time.
Most contestants aren’t allowed to have friends, family, or vocal coaches with them during the audition. If you’re under 18, however, you can bring 1 parent or guardian with you.
Contact the casting team before your audition if you need any special accommodations.
13. **Prepare 2 acapella songs for the initial audition.** For open call auditions, you won’t be allowed to perform with any kind of musical accompaniment. Choose 2 songs that you are comfortable singing and that you feel represent you well as an artist.
You can choose songs from any genre and by any artist for the open call audition.
You’ll probably be asked to perform just 1 song at the audition, but be prepared to sing another one if the producer asks you to!
Don’t be surprised if you don’t get to sing your entire song. You may have only 30 seconds to show the producer what you’ve got.
14. **Dress in a style that fits your artistic image.** During the open call audition, the producer will be able to see you as well as hear you. Dress to impress, but also pick an outfit that fits your personality and the kind of image you want to convey as a performer.
For example, if you’re going to be belting out jazz standards, a slinky evening gown might be appropriate. If you do indie rock, a more casual look is probably better.
Don’t dress up in a silly costume—the producers won’t be impressed! Your outfit should reflect the fact that you are serious about your art.
15. **Sing clearly and confidently.** Hopefully, you’ve had plenty of time to practice your songs ahead of time. If you get the jitters when it’s time to perform, take a few deep breaths before you start. Take care to articulate every word when you sing, and perform the song in your own style, without trying to imitate someone else.
The producers of The Voice want to hear your distinctive style, but they also want you to sing songs that are familiar and relevant. Go for songs that are reasonably well-known, but try to put your own spin on them.
You might find it helpful to imagine that you are singing to someone you feel comfortable with, and visualize them standing at the back of the room as you sing.
Practice singing all your songs both acapella and with accompaniment, so that you feel at ease doing it either way.
16. **Schedule a date and time to return if you get a callback.** Once the open audition is over, stick around to see if you get a callback. If you do, you’ll be given a Red Card at the open call. Speak with the audition crew to find out when and where your callback audition will take place.
Callback auditions typically take place 1-3 days after the open call audition.
17. **Have 3 accompanied songs prepared for the callback.** If you do get a callback, you’ll need to be ready with 3 current, popular songs. You’ll need to play an instrument, have someone accompany you, or provide a track to sing along with during the callback audition. Prepare your callback songs in advance of the open audition, since callbacks typically take place very soon after the open call.
You might also be asked to perform a song chosen by the producer.
Don’t perform any original songs at the callback. Choose songs that are familiar and current (i.e., written or at least popularized in the past 5 years or so).
18. **Film yourself performing 2 accompanied songs.** If you can’t attend an open call audition, sending a video audition is a good alternative. Make a video of yourself performing 2 songs in any genre. You’ll need to accompany yourself on an instrument, have someone else accompany you, or use a pre-recorded track.
Pick songs that you can perform well and that you feel represent your skills as an artist.
Ask a friend to help film you, or set up your camera on a tripod and film yourself.
You’ll probably need to edit the video a little when you’re done to cut out any awkward pauses or moments when you’re fiddling with the camera. If you don’t feel comfortable doing that yourself, enlist the help of a friend who does.
19. **Record an “about me” monologue that’s no longer than 5 minutes.** In addition to your songs, you’ll need to take a few minutes to talk about yourself in the video. There’s no set format for the “about me” portion of the audition—get creative and try to say something that will give the viewer an idea of who you are as a person and an artist!
For example, you might tell a brief story about how you were inspired to start singing.
Although your “about me” monologue must be 5 minutes or less, it’s okay if the total length of your video is longer than 5 minutes.
20. **Set up an artist account and select “Video Submission Application.** If you don’t already have an account set up, create one here: https://www.nbcthevoice.com/artistaccount/register. Once you’ve registered, go to the “My auditions” tab and select “Video Submission Application.”
Follow the prompts to upload your video and submit your application online.
21. **Send your video audition by mail if you prefer.** If you’d rather not submit your video audition online, you can send a DVD in the mail instead. Write your name, phone number, and artist account number on the DVD. You’ll also need to include a photo of yourself and a completed video audition application and release form.
Send your DVD and other required materials to The Voice Casting, 12400 Ventura Blvd #1240, Studio City, CA 91604. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Get-on-The-Voice", "language": "en"} |
How to Grow Garlic in Water | If you’d like to grow some garlic but don’t have the space for a garden or a large potting container, you can try growing garlic in water. Growing garlic in water is a great way to have fresh garlic available whenever you like, without the hassle and expense of going to the grocery store. Be aware that when you grow garlic in water, you won’t be able to grow entire new cloves. Rather, you’ll be able to grow leaves (also called garlic sprouts) out of the top of a garlic clove. These sprouts have the texture of green onions but with a mild garlicky flavor.
1. **Purchase 1 or more garlic cloves that have begun to sprout.** When garlic sprouts, the clove—still covered in its protective white wrapping—will produce a small green sprout out of its top. Inspect a few different cloves until you find some that have sprouted. While you can try growing un-sprouted garlic in water, you’re more likely to be successful if you use cloves that have sprouted.
You can find suitable garlic cloves at your local grocery store. However, for higher-quality garlic that will produce larger and more flavorful sprouts, visit your local farmer’s market.
2. **Set the sprouted clove in an 8 oz (230 g) glass jar.** Orient the garlic so that the sprouting end of the clove points upward. It’s best to grow the garlic sprouts in a container made of clear glass, so that you can watch as the garlic puts out roots and begins to grow.
If you don’t have a glass jar, you can use a drinking glass or a shot glass instead, if that’s more convenient.
3. **Pour water into the jar until the bottom of the garlic clove is covered.** You can use lukewarm tap water. Depending on the size of your garlic clove, you’ll need to put about ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) of water into the jar. Avoid using extremely hot water, or you will damage and maybe kill the clove.
If you completely submerge the garlic under water, it will die and rot.
4. **Leave the jar on your windowsill for 4-7 days.** Make sure that the sprouting garlic clove gets plenty of sunlight. If the tops of the growing garlic sprouts start to turn brown or wilt, move the glass out of the sun for 1-2 days.
5. **Change the water if it turns murky brown.** Brown, clouded water will be unhealthy for the garlic and may stunt the sprouts’ growth. To change the water, take the garlic out of the jar with 1 hand and use your other hand to dump out the water from the jar. Then, place the clove back into the jar and refill it with water. Make sure not to over-fill the jar with water.
You should only need to change the water 1 or 2 times before the sprouts are ready to harvest.
6. **Let the garlic sprouts grow until they’re at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) tall.** Keep an eye on the garlic as the green sprouts start to emerge from the top of the clove. The thin sprouts will emerge and grow quickly. When the sprouts are between 3–7 inches (7.6–17.8 cm), they’re ready to harvest.
If you harvest the garlic sprouts prematurely, they’ll be bitter and have an unpleasant taste.
7. **Cut off the top 1/3 of the garlic sprout with a pair of kitchen scissors.** So, if your sprout is 3 inches (7.6 cm) tall, snip off the top 1 inch (2.5 cm). This will be the tastiest and least bitter part of the garlic sprout.
In most cases, you’ll only be able to harvest garlic sprouts once. It’s unlikely that the garlic clove will grow new sprouts after the harvest.
Only cut off the amount you’re planning to use for a specific meal. If you try to store already-cut garlic in your fridge, it will dry out and lose its taste.
8. **Add the garlic sprouts to savory dishes.** Once you’ve harvested the tops of the garlic sprouts, use your scissors to snip them into small ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) pieces. Then, add the sprouts to any savory dish you’d like, including baked potato, soup, or scrambled eggs.
Also try adding raw cut-up garlic sprouts to salads, salsas, or dips. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Garlic-in-Water", "language": "en"} |
How to Get Rid of Fordyce Spots | Fordyce spots (or granules) are small, raised, pale red or white bumps that may appear on the labia, scrotum, shaft of the penis, or on the border of your lips. Essentially they are visible sebaceous glands, which normally secrete oils for the hair and skin. They commonly appear during puberty and are harmless — they are not infectious and not considered an STD (sexually transmitted disease) like herpes and genital warts are. No treatment is typically required, although getting rid of them for cosmetic reasons is common. Laser and other surgical treatments are the most effective medical treatments.
1. **Consult with a dermatologist.** If you notice little bumps on your genitals or around the borders of your lips that aren't going away or are bothering you, get a referral from your family doctor to a dermatologist, who are skin specialists. The dermatologist will be able to diagnose your condition and put your mind at ease, because Fordyce spots can sometimes look like small warts or the initial stages of a herpes outbreak. Fordyce spots are a very common phenomenon and appear in about 85% of the population at some time in their lives— males are a little more likely to develop them than females are.
It's important to realize that Fordyce spots are harmless, painless, not infectious and do not require treatment. Their removal should be for cosmetic reasons only.
Fordyce spots are much more noticeable when the skin is stretched, and may only be seen during an erection (in males) or during pubic hair management (bikini wax) for females.
2. **Ask about the available laser treatments.** If you decide to remove some Fordyce spots for cosmetic reasons, talk to your dermatologist about available laser treatments, which are the most common method of getting rid of them and certain other skin conditions. Vaporizing laser treatments, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, have been used with some success on Fordyce spots, but so have pulsed dye lasers. Ask your doctor which may be most appropriate for your condition and budget.
CO2 lasers were the earliest gas lasers developed and remains the highest-power continuous wave laser treatment currently available for various skin conditions.
However, CO2 laser ablation can leave scars afterwards, so it may not be appropriate for Fordyce spots on the face.
In contrast, treatment with pulsed dye lasers is more expensive than CO2 lasers, but may be less likely to leave scars.
3. **Consider micro-punch treatments instead.** Micro-punch surgery is a procedure that involves using a pen-like device to punch a small hole in the skin and remove tissue. It's often used in hair transplant surgery, but research indicates in can be very effective for removing Fordyce spots also, especially on the genitalia. The risk of scarring with micro-punch surgery is less than CO2 lasers and the spots don't seem to return, which is a possibility with CO2 and pulsed dye laser treatments.
A local anesthetic is needed to eliminate the pain of micro-punch surgery.
The tissue removed with micro-punch techniques is not destroyed (unlike laser therapy), so it can be looked at under a microscope to rule out other more serious skin conditions, such as warts or cancer.
Micro-punch treatments are generally very quick and can remove dozens of Fordyce spots within minutes — making it ideal for people who have hundreds of spots on their genitalia or face.
4. **Think about using topical prescription creams.** There's some evidence to suggest that hormonal imbalance triggered by puberty, pregnancy and menopause can cause or contribute to Fordyce spots in the same way they can contribute to acne (pimples). As such, a variety of prescription creams that are normally used on acne and other skin blemishes can sometimes yield results on Fordyce spots. Ask your dermatologist about the potential for using topical glucocorticoids, retinoids, clindamycin, pimecrolimus or benzoyl peroxide.
Clindamycin cream is especially helpful for combating inflamed sebaceous glands, although it's rare for Fordyce spots to become swollen.
For younger women, going on oral contraceptives may reduce or eliminate Fordyce spots, much like how they impact acne.
CO2 laser ablation is often combined with the use of topical exfoliating acids, such as trichloracetic and bichloracetic acids.
5. **Ask about photodynamic therapy.** Photodynamic therapy is a light-activated treatment. A medication called 5-aminolevulinic acid is applied to the skin, allowed to penetrate, and then is activated with a light source, such as a blue light or a pulsed dye laser. This treatment can also treat and prevent certain skin cancers and acne.
Be aware that this treatment can be expensive.
This treatment also makes the skin more sensitive to the sun temporarily.
6. **Look into isotretinoin.** Isotretinoin can take several months, but it can give long-lasting results for Fordyce spots. This treatment works well for acne and other similar conditions of the sebaceous glands.
Isotretinoin has some serious risks and possible side-effects, including possible birth defects, so it should only be considered for serious conditions, and women who take isotretinoin must abstain from sex or use birth control.
7. **Ask about cryotherapy.** Cryotherapy is the process of freezing off the bumps using liquid nitrogen. Talk to your dermatologist about the possibility of using this treatment to get rid of Fordyce spots.
8. **Find out about electrodessication/cauterization.** This is a form of laser therapy that burns off the Fordyce spots. Talk to your dermatologist about whether or not this might be an option for you.
9. **Practice good hygiene.** Keeping your skin clean and free of excess oils and bacteria can help reduce the occurrence of Fordyce spots in some people, particularly during teen years and pregnancy when hormone levels soar, but it's not a reliable way of getting rid of existing spots in most cases. Using clarifying agents to clean your face and genitals may help to unclog pores and sebaceous glands, which is also an effective strategy to prevent black heads / pimples.
Wash your genitals and face thoroughly on a regular basis, particularly after exercising and sweating.
Consider using a mild exfoliating agent, such as a loofah pad, when cleaning your skin.
If you have Fordyce spots on your genitalia, avoid shaving your pubic hair because the spots might become more noticeable. Laser hair removal may be a better choice.
10. **Don't confuse Fordyce spots with herpes.** Although Fordyce spots appear in the same areas of the body as herpes lesions (around the lips and genitalia), they are very different conditions. Unlike Fordyce spots, herpes lesions look like red blisters or ulcers and they are initially very itchy before becoming painful — usually described as burning pain. Also, herpes lesions are usually larger than Fordyce spots.
Herpes are caused by the herpes simplex virus (either type 1 or 2) and are very contagious. In contrast, Fordyce spots are not contagious.
After an outbreak, herpes lesions fade away and usually only reappear in times of stress. Fordyce spots sometimes fade away, but usually they are permanent or even get a little worse with age.
11. **Differentiate Fordyce spots from genital warts.** Fordyce spots can look a lot like genital warts, particularly during their early stages when the warts are quite small. Both conditions also appear around the genitalia. However, genital warts can grow to be much larger than Fordyce spots and are caused by HPV or human papillomavirus. HPV is also contagious and transmitted primarily by skin-to-skin contact — through a cut, abrasion or small tear in your skin.
As genital warts grow, they often develop into cauliflower-like bumps or tiny stem-like protrusions. In contrast, Fordyce spots often look like "chicken skin" or sometimes "goose bumps" especially when the skin is stretched.
Genital warts often spread to the anus regions, whereas Fordyce spots rarely do.
Genital warts increase your risk of cancer of the cervix. In contrast, Fordyce spots are not associated with any other condition.
12. **Don't mistake Fordyce spots for folliculitis.** Folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicles that's commonly seen around the opening of the vagina and base of the penis. Folliculitis involves the formation of little pustules around the pubic hair follicles. They are frequently itchy, sometimes painful and red and release some pus if squeezed — similar to a pustule pimple. In contrast, Fordyce spots are rarely itchy, never painful and can sometimes release a thick, oily discharge if squeezed — similar to a black head pimple. Folliculitis is often caused by shaving the pubic region and irritating hair follicles. Bacteria are sometimes involved, although it's not considered a contagious condition.
Folliculitis is often successfully treated with topical creams or oral antibiotics, and better hygiene measures, including quitting shaving with a razor.
It's not recommended to squeeze Fordyce spots because you may inflame them and make them larger. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-Fordyce-Spots", "language": "en"} |
How to Cope with Abusive Adult Children | If you're an older adult, one of your greatest desires is likely to have strong and healthy relationships with your children and grandchildren. Therefore, it can be absolutely heartbreaking when the children you raised and cared for start to become abusive when they're adults. Dealing with abusive adult children can compromise your livelihood, so be sure to set strong boundaries, rally your support system, and care for your health and well-being. Aging can be challenging enough as it is— you shouldn't have to put up with abuse from your children.
1. **Put your safety first.** Setting strong boundaries with abusive adult children is essential, but don't do so at the risk of your safety. If you feel threatened or think you may be in immediate danger, get yourself out of the situation before trying to come up with a solution.
Ask your child to leave if you feel unsafe. Or, leave the environment yourself and go to a friend or neighbor's home.
If you have been hurt or have been threatened, contact the local police or County Adult Protective Services. If you need medical attention, call emergency services right away.
2. **Say “no" to unacceptable behavior.** Learn to tactfully put your foot down when your children are being abusive. This helps demonstrate that you will not tolerate the behavior.
If they yell or call you names, say “Please don't yell” or “I will not tolerate name-calling.”
3. **Verbalize your boundaries clearly.** Explain what will happen if the inappropriate behavior occurs. Do this clearly and thoroughly so there is no question regarding what steps you'll take if the boundary is crossed.
For example, you might say, “If you yell or call me names, I will discontinue the conversation” or “If you come to my home drunk, I will call the police.”
If it's necessary, refuse to open your door and change your locks if they have a key.
4. **Follow through when boundaries are violated.** Show your adult children that you mean business and will not allow the unacceptable behavior to continue. You can do this by actually enforcing the consequence you said you would.
For instance, if you said you would not engage in conversation if there is yelling or name-calling, disengage and leave the room. If you said you'd call the police when your child comes by under the influence, do so.
Be sure that you only verbalize consequences that you are ready and willing to follow through with. That way, you can be consistent every time a boundary is violated.
5. **Recognize elder abuse.** Some older adults are fully functioning and dealing with abuse from adult children. Others are disabled and dependent on these abusive children. All abuse is bad, but elder abuse is a crime. Here's how to spot it:
Physical abuse that includes hitting, pinching, or restraining that causes pain.
Psychological or emotional abuse such as humiliating or blaming that causes mental distress.
Financial abuse that involves misusing or exploiting money or material possessions.
Neglect which involves failing to provide adequate care to an elderly person.
Sexual abuse which includes involvement in sexual acts without consent.
6. **Confide in someone you trust.** If you are being abused by an adult child, tell someone about it. Reach out to a trusted friend, caregiver, or doctor and tell them what's happening.
If the person you talk to doesn't do anything to help you, keep telling until someone does.
If the abuse is not technically elder abuse, this person can still offer you support and help you brainstorm ways of stopping the abuse.
7. ** Contact the authorities** If your adult child is physically, verbally, financially, or sexually abusive, there are steps you can take to protect yourself. Call a helpline in your area to talk to someone about your situation. They can help guide you in getting help and reaching out to the proper authorities in your community.
If you're in the US, call the Eldercare Locator helpline at 1-800-677-1116.
If you're in the UK, call the Action on Elder Abuse hotline at 080 8808 8141.
8. **End the relationship if the abuse continues.** If your child continues to abuse you, get distance from them. How you do this will depend on the nature of the relationship.
If the adult child lives in your home, you might ask them to move out.
If they live elsewhere, you might request that they stop visiting you (unless they can treat you appropriately).
If you are dependent on them, you might try to make other arrangements, such as moving in with a different family member or moving into an assisted living facility.
9. **Talk to a counselor.** Experiencing abuse from a loved one can have terrible ramifications on your overall health and functioning. Work through what you're feeling by consulting with a professional counselor. This person can offer support and practical guidance for dealing with abuse.
Ask your doctor for a recommendation to a counselor in your area.
10. **Spend time with supportive people.** Dealing with abuse can be stressful and cause you to want to alienate others. Don't do this—let friends and family members be there for you during this time. This will help you cope with the abuse and remind you that not all the relationships in your life are toxic.
Establish a few standing dates each week to hang out with others. Invite a friend over for dinner or meet with a church group on Sundays.
11. **Create a self-care routine to manage stress.** Nurture yourself by doing activities that help you to relax and decompress. Try relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation. Also, consider pampering yourself more often or engaging in your favorite hobbies or pastimes. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cope-with-Abusive-Adult-Children", "language": "en"} |
How to Work on a Suicide Hotline | Working on a suicide hotline is important, serious work that can truly make a difference in someone’s life. While you will receive thorough training before you ever take your first call, remember that one of the most valuable tools you will bring to a caller is your ability to listen. When people call a suicide hotline, they are making a “cry for help,” and you can be the help that will see them through this crisis. Your supportive presence, honed through your active listening skills, training, and self-care, will help the caller know they are not alone.
1. **Determine if the work is right for you.** Working on a suicide hotline can be a high-pressure and emotional experience. You may be dealing with multiple stressful situations per shift that require immediate assessment. You may also need to be comfortable with not having any follow-up to your work. That said, there are many benefits to working on a suicide hotline, too, including:
Helping people in times of extreme crisis
Developing crisis counseling and listening skills
Making a difference in your community
Providing individuals with community resources for continuing care in their time of need
2. **Research organizations online.** Determine what agencies are near you, and/or which particular hotline would be the best fit for your values, schedule, and experience. Some national hotlines partner with local organizations to take their calls. You may need to apply directly with the local agency for a position. There are different types of organizations and ways to connect with those in need:
The Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is a national hotline that works with local crisis centers: https://988lifeline.org/.
The Trevor Project provides crisis intervention for LGBTQ youth: http://www.thetrevorproject.org/pages/volunteer.
Crisis Text Line will train you to work as a crisis counselor in exchange for a commitment to volunteer for 200 hours: https://www.crisistextline.org/volunteer.
IMAlive is an online, chat-based suicide prevention agency: https://www.imalive.org/index.php.
The Veterans Crisis Line allows Veterans to connect with someone via live chat, text, or phone call: https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/.
3. **Look for employment.** Look for job opportunities through the organizations you are interested in, or look on a job board that caters to your area or skill set. Submit your application per the agency’s requirements, and go on an interview if requested.
The qualifications to work as a crisis hotline employee will vary depending on the state and organization you work for, as well as, the level of crisis intervention you are providing.
Many organizations will put their new employees through certified training as there are key things or phrases one needs to listen for, or ask questions about to ensure the caller is connected to the most appropriate level of care.
If you want to be employed by a crisis hotline, you will likely need, at minimum, a bachelor’s degree in psychology or human services. A master’s degree in a counseling or social work program could further help you take on direct counseling or supervisory roles.
Keep in mind that for certain roles within the organization, you may require licensure by your state’s human services regulatory agency. These requirements vary by degree, license, and state.
4. **Apply for a volunteer position.** If you have a long-term goal of being employed by a suicide hotline, you can gain experience and skills by working as a volunteer for a suicide or crisis hotline. Having volunteer experience will look great on future employment applications.
Check out your local shelters. Domestic violence shelters in particular are always willing to accept volunteers. These places are generally short-staffed and have very little to no funding to pay for another employee. The more free help they can find, the better. In addition, you will get experience providing crisis intervention face-to-face with clients to really hone on your skills.
It is always good to start off volunteering for an organization of preference and connect with others with experience. Through this connection, you get a feel of this line of work and decide if it works for you. Also, connecting with an experienced crisis hotline worker, and/or crisis counselor will help you identify what level or type of crisis work you wish to do. There are many different levels, each offering their own set of responsibilities, pay, and different levels of required education and experience.
Remember, you can still help at a suicide hotline even if you are not taking calls! Help is always needed for fundraising, events, marketing, and administrative support.
5. **Be open and honest about the “suicide question.** Asking someone if they have a plan to kill themselves does not mean that you are planting a seed in their mind to do it. Do not be afraid to ask “Do you feel suicidal?”; or, “Do you feel like you want to kill yourself?” If the caller responds that they do feel suicidal, continue to ask direct questions to assess the following:
Lethality — Dangerousness of the plan, and is there potential for rescue if needed
Intent — The level of desire and intent to act on ones suicidal thoughts
Caller history — Is there a history of suicidal ideation? Were there actual attempts in the past and thought-out plans, or were these passive suicidal thoughts? Are there self-harming behaviors, and if so what are they? (i.e. cutting, burning, pulling out hair, hitting head on door/wall, etc.).
Substance abuse/use history — Do they currently drink alcohol or use drugs? Do they have a personal history or family history of substance abuse?
Symptoms — Feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness?
Mental health History — Does the person have a history of mental health concerns, current psychosis, delusions, or hallucinations?
Medical concerns — Are there any immediate medical concerns that require treatment?
Coping skills — Does the person know of any healthy ways they can cope with their feelings?
Support system — Who or where are their primary formal and informal support systems?
Protective factors — There are some factors that can reduce the likelihood that the person will attempt suicide. Do they have supportive family and friends? Access to medical and mental health care?
Other concerns and factors that might cause this crisis— This might include lack of housing, no financial income, loss of loved one, or loss of belongings or employment. Are there other family/friend relationship problems?
If a person has a plan, a timeline, and a means to kill themselves, they should be considered high-risk and not left alone. Keep the person talking to you, and take their statements seriously.
6. **Establish trust and rapport.** Focus on acknowledging and validating what the person is feeling. The more comfortable a person feels with you, the more they will be willing to disclose and allow you to help. Connect with them in a kind, nonjudgmental way.
Keep your opinions to yourself. You may not agree with certain aspects of this person’s lifestyle. If you find yourself feeling judgmental, try putting yourself in their situation. Imagine what you would want to hear from someone if you were in crisis.
You could say something like, “I know you took a lot of drugs tonight, but right now, my priority is keeping you safe tonight. Do you have somewhere you can go right now?”
7. **Paraphrase.** Paraphrasing means to restate what someone says, usually using different or fewer words. The goal is to understand what the person means. It is beneficial to the listener to see if they were correct in their interpretation of the speaker’s words, and it is beneficial to the speaker to know if they are being understood.
For example, the statement “I feel like I can’t get out of bed in the morning. I feel like I can’t stop crying most days,” might be effectively paraphrased as “It sounds like you are feeling very depressed.”
Even an incorrect paraphrase can help you achieve better understanding. It shows that you are putting effort into listening to the speaker, and it gives the speaker an easy opportunity to correct the listener.
For example, say the listener paraphrases the sentence, “I don’t think I can take it anymore” as, “You sound really tired.” The speaker could correct them and say, “No, I feel miserable and hopeless.” This helps the speaker clarify their feelings, and helps the listener stay on the right track.
8. **Empathize** Having empathy means to be able to understand and identify another person’s emotions, as well as the ability to imagine what the other person may be thinking, feeling, or experiencing. When you empathize with another, you are “putting yourself in their shoes.”
Expressing empathy for the other person allows that person to evaluate, clarify, and/or identify their own feelings. The person expressing the empathy may allow the other person to hear their emotion expressed in a different way, bringing further clarity to their emotions.
For example, say a caller in crisis is expressing suicidal thoughts because they feel all alone in the world. In the last year, they have had several people close to them die. You could say, “That sounds devastating. You must be grieving these losses so badly right now.” The caller may not have put together that their feelings of loneliness are connected to their grief.
9. **Use “say more” expressions.** These are ways to keep the person talking about a particular topic and explore deeper feelings. You can also deploy one of these sentences if you are feeling stuck in a conversation with someone, and you want to keep them talking, but aren’t sure where to go with them yet.
These include questions like, “Could you tell me more about what happened?” or statements like, “I’d love to hear more about that.”
For example, if someone says, “I just don’t want to live anymore,” you could say, “Could you help me better understand what is making you feel that way?”
10. **Ask open-ended questions.** Keep the person talking by limiting your use of “yes” and “no” questions, and instead, asking questions that require the person to explain, describe, and express their emotions.
Give them space to answer the questions. Be comfortable with silence. They may be formulating their response.
You could ask something like, “How did you feel when your son said that to you?” or, “When you said, ‘I don’t think he ever wants to see my face again,’ what do you mean by that?”
11. **Provide necessary resources.** This may include giving the person a referral for ongoing clinical care, support groups, education and information, resources for financial support or finding housing, etc. If the person needs immediate or emergency care, know the protocol to connect them.
12. **Follow your agency’s protocol.** You will receive a thorough training before becoming a suicide hotline worker. Your training should indicate steps you take in every call, resources available, how to troubleshoot situations, and who to ask if you need help. Make sure you understand all of these steps before you begin taking calls. If you do not understand something, ask.
You will receive hands-on training, including participating in role-playing exercises, answering mock phone calls, and watching other workers take calls, before you answer calls on your own.
Make sure you follow your agency’s rules on confidentiality, for both you and the client. Some agencies have you use an alias to protect your identity. While it may feel frustrating to not be able to follow-up with the person who called you, understand that it helps you focus on staying in the moment to prevent a crisis, and not dwelling on things you may not be able to change.
13. **Follow your QPR training.** QPR (Question, Persuade, and Refer) is a suicide-prevention technique that anyone can learn and use, whether you work in a crisis management capacity or are just a concerned citizen. Those trained in QPR learn suicide warning signs and become “gatekeepers,” or people in a position to recognize a crisis and suicide warning signs.
Question the person about suicide directly. Talk to them about any suicidal ideation, plans, timelines, or means. Assess their immediate risk.
Persuade the person to get help. Be a supportive listener and empathize with their concerns. Then you could say, for example, “I want to make sure that you have a way to stay safe right now. Who can you call right now who can come over and stay with you?”
Refer for help. Assess their support network and other protective factors (relationships and behaviors that reduce likelihood of suicide). Utilize some of these support systems already in place to get them help. Your hotline may have additional resources to which you can connect your caller.
14. **Get training on different populations.** Understand that different cultures and groups of people may have different needs and concerns. If you are working in an area that has a large population of a group of people with whom you are not familiar, you may want to have some additional training on common problems and how to work with that particular community.
For example, you may want to take additional training courses on how to help suicidal youth, LGBTQ+ individuals, the elderly, or veterans.
Check with your organization to see if they offer in-house trainings on different populations, or if they recommend outside organizations that can help you.
15. **Ask for help.** If you are on a call trying to manage a difficult situation, or if you feel like you are unable to be an effective helper for this caller, follow your organization’s protocol to get assistance. Remember that different people are more susceptible to different emotional triggers than others.
Keep your ego in check. Remember, it’s not about you, it’s about helping the caller survive. Do whatever you can to keep the caller safe, even if that means asking for help.
16. **Prepare for deep emotional impact.** Know that in your role as a hotline counselor, you will likely be exposed to many difficult situations. Understand you may even hear a person attempt and/or complete suicide over the phone. Your training will help you develop effective strategies to handle your own emotions while working on the hotline.
Connect with other volunteers and supervisors on your hotline to prepare for difficult calls, and to for suggestions on how to take care of yourself after particularly traumatic calls.
17. **Talk to other staff members or volunteers.** Reach out to other hotline workers who are coping with the same feelings as stresses as you are to talk about your highs, lows, and problems. You may also end up making some new friends.
Following a difficult call, connect with a supervisor or other designated person to help you debrief and address any emotional impact. Reaching out for your own help will help keep you strong and focused to continue to help others.
18. **Take a break if needed.** If you are feeling drained, emotionally depleted, or overwhelmed with other stressors in your life, talk to a supervisor at your agency. Let them know you need a break. Because of the stressful nature of suicide hotline work, there should be plans in place to help you manage your stress effectively and avoid burnout.
Learn to recognize your own signs of burnout. These may include symptoms like fatigue, anxiety, detachment, or depression.
You could say, “I have been dealing with so much stress in my life over the past couple of weeks. I don’t think I can do a good job answering calls right now. Can I take a few days off, or work on something that doesn’t require client interaction?”
19. **Practice self-care.** Because you will be giving so much of yourself in order to help callers in places of crisis, be sure that you have effective ways of taking care of yourself. Self-care is an intentional action that meets your physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual need. Self-care looks different for different people. Some ways you might consider meeting your self-are needs include:
Physical needs: Go for a walk, get a massage, or make a special meal for yourself.
Mental needs: Take up a new hobby you’ve always wanted to learn, create an art project, or listen to a podcast about something that interests you.
Emotional needs: Listen to music that relaxes or inspires you, make a donation to charity, or attend a support group meeting.
Social needs: Call your loved ones, go out to dinner with friends, or smile at strangers and strike up conversations.
Spiritual needs: Attend a religious service if you are religious, meditate, pray, or connect with nature. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Work-on-a-Suicide-Hotline", "language": "en"} |
How to Make an Anxious Avoidant Relationship Work | Are you in an anxious-avoidant relationship? Dating someone with a different attachment style than you can be confusing and isolating, so it's understandable if you're looking for guidance. Thankfully, this article is here to help. We'll give you everything you need to know about attachment styles in romantic relationships and we'll also cover all the signs that you're in an anxious-avoidant relationship. Then, we'll go into how you can change your relationship for the better to make it more healthy and fulfilling.
1. **Anxious partners need reassurance since they’re afraid of being abandoned.** If you have anxious tendencies, you likely struggle with low self-esteem and crave extra attention from your partner to quiet your fear of being left behind. You might also give up your own needs to make a relationship work or fall into clingy or controlling behavior to keep your partner from leaving.
If you have an anxious attachment style, you may worry when your partner doesn't immediately text back, feel hurt when they need space or alone time, or desire more validation than they can give.
Losing a parent or caregiver, watching your parents go through a divorce, or not receiving enough attention as a child can all cause you to develop a fear of abandonment in adulthood.
2. **Avoidant partners demand space and freedom due to their fear of intimacy.** If you have avoidant tendencies, you might withdraw when your partner gets too close, avoid your partner during a conflict, or refuse to let yourself get vulnerable. Having an avoidant attachment style might prevent you from maintaining intimate relationships, as you may feel safer on your own.
If you have an avoidant attachment style, you may be emotionally unavailable to your partner, shut down or go silent during an argument, or fantasize about leaving the relationship when things start to get serious.
Experiencing emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in your past (whether it be from a caretaker or former partner) can cause you to develop a fear of intimacy. Other causes may include low self-esteem and a history of broken relationships.
3. **Secure partners feel content on their own and in a romantic relationship.** If you have a secure attachment style, you enjoy the benefits of intimacy, but don't need a partner to feel validated. You're capable of forging healthy relationships that are defined by mutual respect, vulnerability, and honesty.
If you're a secure partner, you will be able to get vulnerable and work through conflict calmly and respectfully with your partner. You also likely have high self-worth and maintain your independent life while in a relationship.
Growing up with a healthy relationship with your parents or caretakers can encourage you to develop a secure attachment style. You can also develop one later in life by building up your self-esteem and working through past trauma.
4. **One partner needs more attention, while the other feels smothered.** If you're the anxious partner in the relationship, you may crave more reassurance from your partner and feel hurt or unloved when they don't meet your needs. If you're the avoidant partner, you might feel like your partner is asking too much and get overwhelmed by their need for validation.
As an anxious partner, you may want to text throughout the day, while your avoidant partner may want space. This might make you feel like your partner doesn't care, when in reality, your partner just needs different things.
5. **One partner wants to talk things out, while the other withdraws.** If you have anxious tendencies, you may need more vocal reassurance (especially if you sense something is wrong). If you're an avoidant partner, you might be uncomfortable with this level of intimacy and create more distance anytime you sense a fight coming.
As an avoidant partner, you may dismiss your partner's need to talk things out and avoid difficult conversations. If you're an anxious partner, this distance might leave you feeling hurt and rejected.
6. **One partner feels taken for granted, while the other feels trapped.** If you're an anxious partner in an anxious-avoidant relationship, you'll feel like your needs aren't being met. Since you're not getting the attention, validation, or intimacy you crave, you may end up feeling unhappy most of the time. If you're the avoidant partner, you'll feel overwhelmed by your anxious partner's attachment to you, and you might even feel stuck in the relationship despite your growing fears.
As an anxious partner, you may sacrifice your own needs to make the relationship work or resort to passive-aggressive behavior to get your partner to stay. If you're an avoidant partner, this might make you feel trapped.
7. **Understand how your own attachment style plays into this dynamic.** Both anxious and avoidant partners can make positive changes if you make an effort to understand your behavior. Becoming aware of your own attachment style is the first step towards creating a more healthy relationship dynamic, as it will encourage you to do internal work and avoid taking out your feelings on your partner.
If you're anxious, analyze your feelings of fear and anxiety before you react. You might also try developing outside friendships, hobbies, and interests to help you avoid relying on your partner for all of your emotional needs.
If you're avoidant, try to push yourself to be vulnerable with your partner. Though it may feel uncomfortable at first, opening up to them and relying on them will help you realize that it's not so scary.
8. **Communicate with each other openly and honestly.** Once the two of you have identified your attachment styles, try to talk through each other's needs and meet each other in the middle. Though you both may be pushing yourself to develop healthier relationship styles, it will lessen the burden if the two of you seek to understand and accommodate each other's different needs.
If you're an anxious partner, try to relax and allow your partner some alone time when they need space. You might go hang out with a friend or call a family member in the meantime.
If you're an avoidant partner, try to give your partner reassurance and express your needs out loud. You might say, "I love spending time with you and can't wait to see you tomorrow, but I think I need some alone time to recharge."
Remaining passive and avoidant prevents issues from getting resolved.
9. **Empathize with each other to avoid taking things personally.** As the two of you work on developing more secure attachment styles, both of you may slip up and fall into old habits. When this happens, show compassion for your partner and yourself. Remind yourself that you're both doing your best to strengthen your relationship and remember that your behavior is the result of past experiences (and not something to be taken personally).
If your partner messes up, try to show compassion and remind them of all the progress they've made. You might say, "I understand that this is a tough process. I really appreciate all the work you've done so far."
"I" statements are a great way to keep the conversation positive without sounding like you're blaming or commanding the other person.
If you catch yourself falling into old habits, forgive yourself and keep trying. Changing your attachment style is hard work, and it takes time and practice to unlearn old behaviors.
10. **Acknowledge what you love about your relationship.** This will help both of you feel encouraged to keep trying and forge a healthier relationship together. Tell your partner why you're grateful to have them in your life, and let them know when their hard work is paying off.
You might say something like, "I'm so grateful to have you in my life. No one makes me laugh like you" or "Thanks so much for giving me the space I need. I know it's been a big change, and it really means so much to me."
11. **Visit a couple's therapist.** Developing a healthier attachment style and changing a relationship dynamic is hard work, especially if it's the result of childhood trauma. A therapist can help the two of you work through your past and better understand why you were drawn to an anxious-avoidant dynamic. They'll also give you tools to help develop a more secure bond or understand when it may be best to walk away.
If the two of you aren't comfortable seeing a couple's therapist, seeking out individual therapy can help you understand your own attachment style and navigate your relationship.
12. **Walk away if you're being mistreated or you're consistently unhappy.** Anxious-avoidant relationships can absolutely work, but sometimes, you and your partner may just not be compatible. As tough as it may be, there are many factors that may indicate it would be healthy for you to leave your relationship. Taking this step can encourage you to strengthen your self-worth and find a partner that's able to meet your needs. Here are some signs it will be best to walk away:
You feel disrespected by your partner (this includes lying, manipulation, or cheating).
Your partner engages in any form of emotional or physical abuse (this includes gaslighting, verbal insults, and physical harm of any kind).
You feel consistently unhappy, unloved, or dissatisfied, no matter how much the two of you try to work things out. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-an-Anxious-Avoidant-Relationship-Work", "language": "en"} |
How to Live in the Wilderness | John Muir once said, "Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken, over-civilized people are beginning to find out going to the mountains is going home; that wilderness is a necessity." Does anyone need more of an explanation than that? Though life will be simpler in the wilderness, taking the steps to get there is not. But with the right knowledge, skill set, and equipment, you'll be prepared for a successful transition.
1. **Figure out the course of action appropriate for your environment.** The skills needed to stay in subzero Alaska versus the woods of mainland Europe versus the Sahara Desert are all incredibly different. Think of these vary basic things first:
What time of year would make it easiest to get started?
How many supplies would you need to start off with?
Would you have access to civilization? How far away would it be? How does this change your situation?
Try to buy a map of where you are going (if you can) before you leave.
Do you have the skills to survive in the terrain/climate you're considered?
Do you need time to adapt your body? (to extreme weather, for example)
2. **Practice "survival techniques" at home before you need them.** It all depends on where you're going, but odds are you'll need to be in shape (so start exercising now) and will need some basic backpacking techniques mastered, too. Get the skills down you think you'll need, and don't forget first aid!
Consider doing crazier things, like learning to eat insects and grubs. Then, if you're in a sticky spot, you'll be more likely to succeed.
3. **Work out a supply list.** You're not getting stuck in the woods for 3 days, you're living out there for a lengthy period of time. Just having a backpack with a few granola bars and a sweater won't cut it. Here is a basic list of what you may want to take with you:
Utility items (rope, knives, netting, etc.)
Rifle and/or shotgun (guns in cold condensate and will have to be taken care of)
Lantern and flashlights (with oil and batteries)
Dried food (oats, lentils, beans, rice, coffee)
Source of vitamin C (Tang, for example)
Water filter
Compass and Map of Area
Blankets
Fire steel, matches, etc.
Axe
Flares, mirrors, whistle, etc.
Radio
Tool and sewing kit
4. **Bring the right clothes.** Three rules: cotton kills, friends don't let friends wear cotton, and cotton is rotten. You want to have clothes that retain their warmth even after they're wet. You want clothes that can survive wear and tear. Cotton, though it's light and comfortable, is not the way to go. Pack your bags with clothing made for loggers, surveyors and commercial fisherman. It's going to be heavy, but it's going to last.
Remember: you can always take layers off if you get hot. It's better to have too many clothes than to not have enough, after all. If something happens to one, you'll have something else equally as warm. Marino wool is very insulating and cannot easily get wet. Some jackets are made of Marino, so try to get your hands on one of them.
Get a shell jacket and pants for rain and snow. Most cases of hypothermia happen in temperatures under 40 °F (4 °C).
5. **Consider taking classes before you leave.** Surviving, let alone living, in the wilderness is no joke. You're best off if you have some type of training before you venture into the fight of you versus Mother Nature. Contact local wilderness groups or adventure-based organizations to rack up some useful experiences to your name. The more you know what to experience, the easier it'll be.
Learn to identify poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac, in addition to other poisonous plants (and avoid them). What's more, there are some plants (cow parsnip) whose sap makes your skin hyper photosensitive. That is, the sun will cause your skin to painfully blister. It's best to know your terrain to the best of your ability.
And the calmer you'll be able to stay, which is of utmost importance. If you've seen a situation before, you'll know what to do and you'll be able to relax. If you're nervous and unsure, it's possible you could make a grave mistake. Getting trained is a way to avoid future mishaps.
6. **Collect your belongings in a backpack that has everything you need but is easy to carry.** Living in the wilderness will mean lots of exploring and foraging. You'll need plenty of supplies for your home-base, but you'll also need to figure out what you can pack with you on the go. Get a sturdy, legitimate camping pack that you can depend on for when you need to venture outside.
Pack your backpack before you leave to see how much it can carry. Get familiar with how you can pack it to the brim and still be able to carry it. Even packing skills come in handy in the wilderness.
7. **Know how you'll signal for help if you need it.** Again, this is largely determined by the gear you have and where you are. However, here are a few basic ideas that you'll likely want to be prepared for:
Know how to build a signal fire
Use a mirror or similarly reflective object to flash the horizon
Send an SOS signal, if possible
Use emergency beacon devices such as ACR or SPOT
8. **Pick a safe and secure site where you can stay.** Choose a sight close to a water source but far enough anywhere you will not be in danger of animals (who also tend to stay around water) and high tides.
It should also be on stable ground. Avoid drop-offs, areas that are too rocky, or areas too close to water. All of these are areas that are vulnerable to the elements.
9. **Build a fire.** Warmth is the essence to comfort in the wild. But just knowing how to make a fire is not enough – you've got to know when and how, too. Here are a few details:
Build a fire away from your valuables and away from your food supply, should anything go wrong (animals included).
When you cook with fire, do not use a flame right away, but instead build a fire and let it sit. You should build a fire long before you eat. In the process of building a fire, you create a hot bed of coals which will create an open flame. This open flame will allow you to burn your food to a black crisp.
Look for birch bark to start a fire. Birch bark, wet or dry, is highly flammable and is great for starting fires in wet or cold locations.
Burning hemlock bows keeps away flies and mosquitoes.
10. **Build a shelter.** A lean to is an easy way to construct a shelter, albeit it won't last forever. For the first week or so, have a basic structure you can sleep in. Spend that time building something more permanent. The longer you plan on being out there, the better built it should be.
It is highly recommended to never sleep on bare ground, and to always make the floor of your shelter something like hemlock bows, leaves or hay; if you do not make the floor of the shelter with hemlock bows, leaves or hay, you will freeze when you sleep on the dirt.
11. **Make water a priority.** You can last without food for up to a month, but water is essential. Stake out a water source that you can reliably depend on. If you can, get your water in massive quantities so you don't have to keep going back day in and day out.
Also, you can collect morning dew from grasses and leaves with a clean cloth (rag) and squeeze it out into a container. It may not be the cleanest, but it will help to keep you hydrated.
12. **Learn how to hunt, trap, and gather.** Again, this is contingent upon your location. However you need to get food, learn how to do it. Tap into all your resources: rivers full of fish, animals in the sky and on the ground, and the plants that surround you. The more skills you have, the better off you'll be when the climate changes or when certain resources run dry.
Do not eat any plants unless you know that they are edible. If you can, bring a book discussing the flora and fauna of your local. Or start your own garden.
As a general rule - if you kill an animal when it is acting normally, then it should be safe for you to eat it. Ensure that you have the knowledge and resources to preserve meat and fish so that it does not spoil. Do not attempt to eat an animal that appears visibly sick or is dead when you find it.
Have a good storage system, too. There may be scavengers in your area that pose a threat to your food stock.
13. **Make sure your water is purified.** Drinking purified water is critical as you can get many diseases from dirty water. You never know if a freshwater system is actually clean (for instance, there could be a dead animal upstream from you), so purify all your water.
The easiest method is to boil your water. It should take about 10 minutes.
Another is to use iodine tablets (not liquid iodine from the drug store). Use the iodine tablets according to directions that are provided on the label.
A third method is to use a water filter. Pre-filter the water with a bandana or other piece of material. Then use the filter on that dirty water. The minimum size filter you need is 1 or 2 micron. This allows particles of 1 or 2 micron in size to pass through the filter. The smaller the micron size, the better the filter, and the slower the water will come out.
A gravity filter is easiest, if you can bring one with you. You pour the water in, do more chores, and an hour or two later return to find fresh water.
14. **Keep separate "dirty" and "clean" water containers.** Never get a single drop of dirty water in your clean container. All it takes is one drop to get a deadly illness.
To sterilize your clean container again, boil it in water for 10 minutes. Make sure all parts of the container are under water while boiling.
15. **Figure out how to “take care of your business.”** When you need to poop, you need a toilet (or something similar) away from your source of water, away from your shelter, and away from your food. This can be in the form of a hole in the ground or something less temporary, like an outhouse.
If you've constructed an outhouse or similar structure, know that in winter, your butt will freeze to wood. Use styrofoam over your toilet seat to avoid a rather unfortunate event from happening.
16. **Learn how to walk in a straight line.** Seriously – learning how to navigate wherever you are is incredibly important for your success. Surprisingly, even just walking in a straight line is nearly impossible (humans tend to walk in circles inadvertently). The most basic way to avoid this is to line up landmarks, which is called "marking" and "backmarking" (turning around and making sure your backmark is directly behind you).
You can use trees, the moon, and the sun to navigate, too. If you're the type that has an internal compass, this will come easy to you.
17. **Carry pemmican with you whenever you go off on a trip.** This is dried meat and rendered fat. Make your own favorite recipe at home in large quantities for when you need to take a two week trek down to the nearest town. You'll be glad you did.
Pemmican requires no cooking (just drying) and if you have enough fat in the mix, will sustain you longer than any other "survival food". You can live on it for months in any situation, even at home.
18. **Be your own doctor.** Being alone in the wilderness means that you'll be your own doctor. You'll be your own everything, really. If you were to get so much as a cut, it needs to be addressed (it could be infected). Hopefully you have basic first aid knowledge and can take care of everything from sterilization to putting on a splint.
If you break your leg (or something similarly terrible happens), have a way that you can contact for help, whether it's a radio, a phone, or some other reliable signaling mechanism. Having this ability will help take the stress off should something happen.
19. **Consider starting a garden.** Since you're going to be on your own for a while, why not start a garden? It'll be your own little farm, and it'll be a source of food you can count on that's almost effortless (apart from the beginning stages). It'll also be a morale boost, being resourceful and in control of your survival.
Be sure you can keep your garden away from wild animals. Construct a fence around your garden, use objects to scare them away, and "mark your territory" if need be.
20. **Stock up for the winter.** If you choose to go to a climate where winter is prevalent, you'll need to stock up for when your world freezes over. Animals will be harder to find, walking around will be harder to do, and just staying warm will be difficult to maintain. When fall comes around, make sure you're stocked up.
Keep a few months' supply of food on hand, if at all possible. If you have access to a meat freezer, then try to shoot a deer or large game animal in the late fall.
The same goes firewood. Move it inside, if at all possible.
The water will be ice in winter, so keep fresh, clean water inside, too.
21. **Bulk up your shelter.** In six feet of snow or in torrential rain, your little lean-to isn't going to do much good. Spend summer and fall building something similar to a cabin to keep out the elements and wild animals. It'll feel more like a home, too.
Figure out a way to bring your outhouse to you for the winter, if at all possible. It can be closer to your shelter, though it shouldn't be inside your home (unless you want the stink).
22. **Get a source of vitamin C.** One of the last things you want is scurvy. You're not a sailor in the 1700s, so don't let your teeth get soft and your body deteriorate. If you don't have your own source (like dried Tang powder), rose hips work. They're not the tastiest, but they work. Pine needles are awesome too. They actually have more vitamin C than citrus fruits. Just cut some up and boil them to a tea, but watch out not to use needles from yew (taxus) trees, because they are poisonous.
Your diet is essential to your survival. The more balanced it is, the better. Try to get all your major food groups so you can stay strong and healthy. If you don't, you risk compromising your immune system and being susceptible to even the weakest of bacteria and viruses.
23. **Learn how to predict the weather.** Let's say you're running out of supplies and need to get down to the nearest general store, about a week's hike away. If you don't know how to predict the weather, you'll venture off whenever you see fit. But if you do, you may be able to predict that a storm is coming and wait it out – or do it as quickly as possible.
This means detecting changes in air pressure, recognizing cloud systems, and even noticing smaller things, like how the smoke is rising from your fire (swirling smoke is not good). Animals can give you signals, too.
24. **Realize that if you go back to city life, it'll be quite the shock.** Once you've abandoned the life of money, status, and 9-5 jobs, going back may seem like more of a feat than leaving. For some, it is mentally compromising. Carefully weigh your options as logically as possible if you're considering a transition.
You may want to take small steps. Moving to a farm or a rural area may be better than trying to go back to city life, at least immediately. Don't give a shock to your system if you don't have to. Baby steps will make it easier. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Live-in-the-Wilderness", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean a DPF | Diesel particulate filters (DPF) are installed in many post-2007 vehicle exhausts to reduce emissions by eliminating soot and ash. However, soot and ash do build up in the filter over time. Often this can be removed using active regeneration or cleaning additives, but sometimes professional cleaning by a mechanic is necessary.
1. **Watch for the DPF symbol, which indicates that it needs cleaning.** Check the dash panel for a small, yellow or orange rectangular warning symbol with circles in the center. This symbol shows that the DPF soot has built up to a possibly damaging level. Always clean the DPF immediately when you see the warning symbol.
The warning symbol also shows that passive regeneration didn't work. This process automatically burns off carbon soot particles. However, it only happens when the exhaust temperature is very warm for a long time. Passive regeneration is unlikely if you make frequent, short trips rather than long drives.
2. **Drive over 40 mph (64 kph) to begin active regeneration.** Find a long, flat stretch of road or a highway where needing to slow down or stop is unlikely. Begin driving and pay attention to both the engine and vehicle speed. Try to keep the engine speed around 2500 rpm.
Active regeneration increases the temperature in the DPF to turn the particles into gas which can be expelled.
These speeds are general guidelines. Check your vehicle handbook to find the best practice for your vehicle.
3. **Drive for approximately 15 minutes until the warning symbol disappears.** Continue driving at a constant rate. The warning symbol goes out when active regeneration is done.
Active regeneration typically takes 5 - 25 minutes, depending on the make and model of your vehicle.
Active regeneration needs fuel to work, so make sure that you have at least 5.3 US gal (20 L) of fuel in the tank. This is around 1/4 full.
4. **Purchase a DPF cleaning additive to help clear the ash and soot.** This bottle of fluid is designed to break down the ash and soot that's clogging the filter. Visit your local motor supply store or look online to purchase a cleaning additive. These products usually cost from $13 (USD) to $26 (USD).
DPF cleaning additives contain fuel borne catalysts. These experience a combustion process to eliminate the soot and ash.
Use the cleaning additive every 3 - 6 months to maintain the DPF. Check the vehicle handbook to see how often you should use an additive for your particular vehicle.
5. **Pour the cleaning additive directly into the fuel tank.** Read the label on the bottle of the cleaning additive and follow the manufacturer's directions carefully. Turn off your vehicle, open the fuel tank and insert the nozzle of the cleaning additive. Pour the required amount of the product into the tank and then replace the fuel cap and door.
6. **Drive your vehicle for 15 - 30 minutes to get the additive running.** Begin driving your vehicle as you normally would. The cleaning additive starts working regardless of the engine and vehicle speed. If the DPF warning light was on before you used the additive, the symbol should disappear after your drive.
Take your car to a mechanic to get the DPF professionally cleaned if the warning light doesn't go away, as the filter will need to be removed for cleaning.
7. **Take your vehicle to a mechanic if the DPF warning symbol remains.** Check if the DPF warning symbol disappeared after trying active regeneration or a cleaning additive. If the symbol remains or if a warning lamp symbol lights up, the DPF must be professionally cleaned. Drive immediately to a mechanic before any damage is caused.
The mechanic will clean the DPF using forced regeneration. This can be an expensive procedure, however, it's cheaper than replacing the DPF.
8. **Use branded, high-quality fuel to help keep the DPF clean.** Always use branded fuel, as it contains additives designed to keep your vehicle running smoothly. Avoid unbranded fuel, as it may be lower quality, which can harm the DPF.
9. **Keep the DPF in your vehicle at all times to avoid fines.** Although it may seem easier or cheaper to simply take the DPF out of your vehicle rather than getting it cleaned, this can cause more problems. Driving without a DPF is illegal in many locations and a vehicle without one won't pass inspections.
The only time that a DPF can be removed is for repair work by a qualified mechanic. Never attempt to remove the DPF to repair it yourself, as this requires extensive, expert knowledge and equipment. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-a-DPF", "language": "en"} |
How to Transfer Prints to Fabric | Applying a photo or image to fabric is a fun way to customize your own upholstery, clothing or bags. Keep reading for tips to get started making your own amazing creations!
1. **Reverse the image in photo editing software.** Load the image you want to transfer in editing software or a word document and make sure it’s the same size as what you want for the final design. Look for a button that says “Flip Horizontally” or “Reverse Image” so the design looks backwards on your screen. This will ensure that any text or design elements transfer the right way on your piece of fabric.
If you don’t mind the image being reversed in your final design, you don’t have to reverse it beforehand.
Don’t flip the image vertically since it will still make text or images look backwards.
2. **Get photo transfer paper made for the color fabric you’re using.** Go to a craft store and look for photo transfer paper that’s large enough to fit your design. Check the packaging for the photo transfer paper to see if it’s made for light- or dark-colored fabrics. Choose the transfer paper that matches the fabric you’re using so the print transfers clearly.
You can also find photo transfer paper online if you don’t live near a craft store.
3. **Print the image onto the transfer paper using an inkjet printer.** Load the photo transfer paper into your printer so it prints on the side without the backing paper. Preview the print on your computer to ensure the design fits well on the sheet of paper before clicking the Print button. Wait for the image to print out completely before removing it.
Test printing on a standard sheet of paper first if you don’t want to waste the photo transfer paper.
If you aren’t sure which side of the paper gets printed on, put a dot on a standard piece of paper and feed it through your printer with the dot face-up. Look for the dot on the sheet of paper when it finishes printing.
4. **Trim the design with a pair of scissors.** Remove any excess transfer paper around your design, leaving a ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) border. Try to make rounded cuts rather than straight cuts and corners so you’re less likely to damage the paper while you’re transferring it onto the fabric.
5. **Lay the fabric flat on top of a pillowcase over a hard, heat-resistant surface.** Choose a large wooden table or another similar surface that doesn’t have sensitivity to heat for your work surface. Avoid using an ironing board since it won’t provide hard backing while you transfer the print. Spread a pillowcase flat on the table to protect it before you put down the piece of fabric that you’re transferring the image onto.
If the fabric you’re using has wrinkles, iron it beforehand so it’s flat.
6. **Iron the design onto the fabric.** Lay the design on the fabric so it’s aligned with where you want it to transfer. Turn your iron onto medium heat and apply firm pressure against the transfer paper’s backing. Slowly move the iron from left to right over the design for 1–3 minutes so the design adheres to the fabric.
Avoid keeping the iron in a single spot since you could burn the paper or fabric and create a fire hazard.
7. **Peel the backing paper off of the design after 2 minutes.** Leave the backing paper on the design for 2 minutes so it has time to set and finish transferring. Try touching the paper to see if it’s cool to the touch before slowly peeling it off of the design. Make sure the image stays attached to the fabric and doesn’t peel off with the backing paper.
If the image starts lifting, lower the backing paper back against the fabric and try ironing over it again for another minute. Allow it to cool before peeling off the backing paper again.
8. **Wash and dry the fabric inside-out after 24 hours if you’re able.** Turn the fabric inside-out if you can and run it through a cold cycle in your washing machine. Keep the fabric separate from any other laundry just in case the colors run during the cycle. Put the fabric directly in the dryer once the wash cycle finishes and tumble-dry it on low.
Avoid washing the fabric right away since you could remove the design or cause the colors to bleed.
9. **Flip the image horizontally using editing software.** Open the design or image you want to transfer in a photo editing program or a word document and adjust it to its final size. Search for an option in the menu that says “Flip Image Horizontally” or “Mirror Image Horizontal” and select it. Your image will look backwards on your screen once you click the button.
If you don’t flip the image, then any text or design elements will look backwards after you finish transferring it onto the fabric.
10. **Print the image using a laser printer.** Load a standard piece of paper into your printer. Click the Print Preview button on your computer to make sure the design fits on the sheet, and make any changes to the design if you need to. Click the Print button when you’re finished and wait for the design to feed out from your printer.
Inkjet printers won’t work with nail polish remover since the ink needs to be toner-based in order to transfer.
Many libraries or print shops have laser printers if you don’t have access to one at home.
11. **Lay the print face-down on your piece of fabric.** Set your piece of fabric down on a hard, flat surface, and straighten it out so there aren’t any wrinkles. Place the print on the fabric where you want to transfer the design and make sure to keep it face-down so it’s pressed against the fabric.
Work in a well-ventilated area since nail polish remover creates fumes that may irritate your lungs.
12. **Apply nail polish remover to the back of the print with a cotton ball.** Dip a cotton ball in acetone nail polish remover and squeeze out any of the excess liquid. Rub the cotton ball on the piece of paper in back-and-forth strokes while you apply firm pressure. Continue rewetting the cotton ball as it dries out so you can apply nail polish remover to your entire design.
Be careful not to press too hard since you may tear through the paper and ruin your design.
13. **Rub the back of the design with a credit card to transfer the image.** Hold the credit card at a 45-degree angle and press firmly down on the back of the paper. Pull the credit card in long strokes across the sheet of paper to help the design adhere to the fabric. Go over the design with horizontal strokes first before doing another pass with vertical strokes to ensure the print transfers.
If the paper dries out while you’re rubbing it with the credit card, rewet it with nail polish remover again to help prevent any damage.
14. **Peel the paper back to check the image.** Lift the corner of the paper slowly off of the fabric and check if the design adhered to it. If the image still looks spotty or splotchy, lower the paper back on the fabric and try going over it again with nail polish remover and a credit card. When you’re finished, pull the paper off slowly and throw it in the trash.
Sometimes, nail polish remover makes your design look like it’s aged or less saturated, so the image may not be as bright as the design you initially printed out.
15. **Put the fabric in your dryer for 10–15 minutes to set the print.** Leave the fabric so the design faces out and put it in the dryer without any other laundry. Set the dryer to a low heat or tumble setting and let it run for 10–15 minutes so the design sets in the fibers of the fabric without the colors bleeding.
After you dry the fabric, you can wash and dry it as you normally would.
16. **Reverse the image on your computer.** Load the image into a photo editing program or a word processor document and resize it so it’s the same as the final design you want to transfer. Locate the “Flip Horizontal” or “Reverse Image” option in the menus and select it to flip the image. Make sure any text or design elements are backwards on your computer screen when you’re finished.
You don’t have to flip the image horizontally if it doesn’t contain any text or design elements that would be noticed if they were backwards.
17. **Print the image using a laser printer.** Load standard paper into the printer and make sure you use large enough sheets to fit your design. Use the Print Preview function on your computer to make sure the image fits well on the paper before clicking the Print button. Wait for the image to print out completely before taking the paper out of the machine.
Don’t use a laserjet printer since the colors are more likely to bleed and you won’t get as crisp of an image.
Ask a local print shop if they have a laser printer to use if you don’t have one at home.
Many laser printers only print black-and-white images, so check if you have a color laser printer if you want different shades in your design.
18. **Brush acrylic gel medium on the front of the image.** Dip a foam brush in the acrylic gel medium and wipe off any excess that drips off. Paint the gel medium over the printed side of your design working from the center out toward the edges. Spread the medium so there’s a thin, even layer covering the entire design.
Acrylic gel mediums are paint binders that don’t have pigment, but they also transfer images from toner-based ink. You can buy them from your local craft store or online.
Common gel mediums include Liquitex and Mod Podge.
19. **Press the image flat against the piece of fabric.** Spread the piece of fabric flat on a solid work surface and smooth it out so there aren’t any wrinkles. Carefully pick up the print and set it down on the fabric where you want the design. Press in the center of the print firmly and smooth it out toward the edges to ensure there aren’t any wrinkles in the design.
You can also use a foam paint roller to smooth out the paper if you aren’t able to remove all of the wrinkles by hand.
20. **Allow the gel medium and image to dry for 24 hours.** Keep the fabric in a dry room where it won’t be disturbed. Leave the design pressed against the fabric for at least 1 day so it has time to set. During this time, the gel medium will take the image from the paper and adhere it to the fabric.
21. **Wipe the paper off with a damp sponge or rag.** Wet a clean rag or sponge in cold water and wring out any of the excess liquid. Gently rub the paper in a circular motion, starting from the center of the design and working toward the edges. Rewet the sponge or rag as it dries out so it’s easier to get rid of the excess paper.
As you wet the paper, it will start to tear off of the fabric but your design will stay adhered to it.
22. **Let the fabric rest for 72 hours before washing it.** Leave the fabric and design alone for at least 3 days so it has time to set in the fabric better. Turn the fabric inside out if you’re able and put it in your washer without any other laundry. Run it in a cold water cycle to help the image stay on. Then put the fabric in the dryer on the lowest setting to prevent it from getting damaged. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Transfer-Prints-to-Fabric", "language": "en"} |
How to Keep Crickets Alive | If you don’t properly house and care for your crickets, they may get unhealthy and die. Luckily, creating a healthy environment can be easy if you follow the right steps. First, you’ll have to get a clean tank or habitat that’s large enough for your crickets. Then, you’ll have to regularly feed them and provide an adequate water source to keep them healthy. If you do everything correctly, your crickets can live to be 8-10 weeks old!
1. **Get a tank that's 1 US gal (3,800 ml) per 100 crickets.** Crickets thrive in larger environments, so get the largest tank that you can find to house them. Make sure that the tank you get has adequate ventilation on the roof. The tank should be enclosed so that the crickets can’t jump out of it.
You can get a plastic or glass tank.
2. **Clean the tank with a mild bleach solution to remove bacteria.** Before you put the crickets into the tank, make sure that it’s cleaned. Mix a small amount of bleach with cold water. Dampen a rag with the solution and use it to wipe down the inside of the tank. Make sure the tank is dry before housing your crickets.
An unclean tank may contain harmful bacteria or chemicals that could make your crickets sick.
Do not use other chemical cleaners as they could be harmful to the crickets.
3. **Add torn-up egg crates to the tank so your crickets have shelter.** Get a few cardboard egg crates and tear them up into pieces. Then, place the pieces on the bottom of the tank to create a habitat for the crickets. This will give the crickets shade and the space they need to thrive.
Without the proper habitat, crickets may fight each other for space.
4. **Keep the cricket tank between 75–90 °F (24–32 °C) at all times.** Keep the crickets in a dark area that maintains a steady temperature to encourage healthy crickets. If the temperature in the tank is too cold, crickets will die and eat each other. If the temperature is too hot, the crickets lifespan will be shortened.
5. **Clean the tank twice a month to keep your crickets healthy.** Carefully remove the crickets and place them in another box with breathing holes. Wipe down the bottom of the tank, making sure to remove any feces or dead crickets that remain. Then, use your diluted bleach solution and a rag to wipe down the inside of the tank to sanitize it.
Dead crickets and feces can make your crickets sick.
6. **Transfer new crickets to their habitat as soon as you get home with them.** Crickets don’t do well in small, confined spaces. Don’t keep the crickets in their carrying box for too long or they may die. Transfer them to a clean tank as soon as you get home.
Make sure there are adequate air holes in the top of the box that you use to transport the crickets.
7. **Feed your crickets oatmeal, cornmeal, or cricket food.** Put cornmeal, oatmeal, or cricket food in a dish in the tank. Your crickets will feed off this food for a regular source of nourishment and won’t typically overeat.
8. **Provide a damp sponge or piece of fruit as a water source.** Crickets can drown very easily in a small dish of water. For this reason, it’s best to provide water from another source like a sponge or a piece of fruit like an apple or peach. Crickets will be able to suck out the moisture from the sponge or fruit.
9. **Keep food and water in the tank at all times.** A food and water source should always be kept in the tank so that your crickets can feed and drink when they need to. Keep the food fresh by throwing it out and filling it back up once a week. If you use fruit, make sure that you replace the fruit every day so that it doesn’t rot or create bacteria in the cricket tank.
Crickets won't overeat, so don't worry about overfeeding them. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Keep-Crickets-Alive", "language": "en"} |
How to Build a Pergola | A pergola is an open outdoor structure that is made up of wooden posts and has a trussed roof. To build a pergola you'll need to prepare and measure a space in your yard before laying down the foundation posts. Once a strong foundation is in place, you'll finish the project by constructing the roof. With the right materials and forethought, you can build a sturdy pergola that can add some style to your yard's decor and can create a shaded area where you can relax and socialize.
1. **Research zoning laws in your area** States and towns have zoning laws that restrict certain kinds of construction. Call your local building commission or zoning department to make sure that you can build a pergola on your property. You can also find zoning ordinances on your local town’s website.
In some cases you’ll have to get a permit before you can start building.
If you're in an urban area, you'll have to consider the "setbacks" set by the cities.
A setback is the minimum distance structures have to be from streets, roads, rivers, and other protected areas.
2. **Contact local utility companies before you dig holes.** If you’re building your pergola in your yard, you’ll have to dig deep holes which can damage pipes or power lines under the ground. Look at your utility bills to find the phone numbers for your utility companies. Call them and ask about any pipes or lines that may be running underground.
If you live in the United States, you can dial 811 to contact your local utilities.
In Australia you’d dial 1100 to contact local utility companies.
3. **Measure and mark an 8 by 8 feet (2.4 m × 2.4 m) square in your yard.** Mark each corner of the square with spray paint. This will be the length and width of your pergola. Measure and mark a different sized square if you want a larger or smaller pergola. This is an average size for a pergola.
If you measure a space that's larger or smaller than 8 by 8 feet (2.4 m × 2.4 m), you'll have to adjust the size of your wooden posts accordingly.
If you are installing the pergola on a patio, use chalk instead of spray paint to mark your measurements.
4. **Dig a hole in each corner of your measured space.** Each hole should be 28–48 inches (71–122 cm)-deep. These holes will hold your posts in place and ensure that your pergola stays together. Make each corner hole 8 by 8 inches (20 cm × 20 cm) so that they are large enough to fit your pergola’s posts.
Make each hole the same depth.
If you are placing your pergola over a patio, you have to screw metal post anchors into the patio instead of digging holes.
5. **Pack the bottom of the hole with 4 inches (10 cm) of gravel.** Pouring gravel on the bottom of the hole will give your posts something to rest on. If you don’t do this, they will sink into the dirt. You should now have a total of four holes packed with gravel.
6. **Measure the depth of each hole and remove or add gravel to level them.** Use a tape measure to measure the walls of each hole. If they aren’t the same size, remove or add gravel so that all the holes have a uniform depth. If you don’t do this, your pergola will be lopsided.
7. **Place a post into the first hole.** You’ll want to use posts that are at least 8 by 8 inches (20 cm × 20 cm) thick and 10 feet (3.0 m) long. Work on each post one at a time until it's secured to the ground. Put one end of the post into a hole and make sure that it rests flat on the gravel. Hold the post in place as you move onto the next steps.
Posts shouldn't go straight into the ground, because you want to minimize wood rot. Pour them in with rapid set quickcrete, or if you're on a flagstone or paved patio, use brackets that create a gap between the surface and the post. Then the brackets are poured into the concrete, and the posts are bolted into the brackets.
8. **Make sure that the post is level.** Hold a level vertically against the post. The bubble in your level should line up in the middle of the level indicator. If your post is on an angle, readjust it.
Hold the level against the post as you adjust it so that you know when the post is level.
9. **Nail smaller boards to your post to brace it.** Have a friend hold the posts in place while you nail 1 by 4 feet (0.30 m × 1.22 m) planks of wood on a 30-degree angle to each side of the post. Angle the brace boards so that one end of the brace is wedged against the ground and the other end is pushed up against your post. Then, drive a nail through the brace and into the post to hold it in place. Place the other posts into the holes and brace them all.
You can use scrap wood or purchase additional planks for the braces.
You can stop holding the posts in place once you brace them.
10. **Level and brace the rest of your posts.** Repeat the steps on the next three posts. Once you're done, each foundation post should stand vertically and form the foundation for your pergola.
11. **Mix a bag of concrete with water.** Purchase an 80 pounds (36 kg) bag of concrete and pour the dry concrete dust into a wheelbarrow. Read the instructions on the packaging so you know how much water you’ll need to add to the powder. Slowly pour the water into the concrete dust and mix it together with a shovel. This will create concrete that you can use to close up the holes for your posts.
12. **Pour concrete into each post hole.** Continue to pour concrete into the hole until it's 3–6 inches (7.6–15.2 cm) from the top of the hole. Make sure that the concrete doesn't overflow or it will look messy.
13. **Stir the concrete in the hole to aerate it.** Use a stick to mix the concrete while it's still wet. This will remove air bubbles.
14. **Let the concrete dry for 24 hours.** After 24 hours have passed, the concrete should be solid enough to hold the foundation posts of your pergola in place.
15. **Detach the braces from the posts.** Remove the nails from the braces on your posts. They should now stand vertically and be firmly implanted in the ground.
16. **Mark 2 feet (0.61 m) from the top on both sides of each post.** Draw an X in the center of both sides of each post. Mark the side that is pointing inward, towards your pergola. Then make another X on the opposite side of the post. These markings will give your cross beams something to rest on as you nail them in. Make these markings on all four posts.
17. **Hammer nails halfway into the posts.** The nails you use should be 4 inches (10 cm) long. Place the nails where you made your marks. These nails will temporarily hold up the girders or cross beams that will run horizontally across your pergola. Drive the nail halfway in on each side of all 4 posts.
18. **Rest 2 by 10 feet (0.61 m × 3.05 m) cross beams on top of the nails.** Use the nails to hold your cross beams in place and keep them level. Each post should have 2 sets of cross beams on opposite sides of the post. Place a level on top of the cross beams to make sure that they are level, then clamp them to your foundation posts to hold them in place.
19. **Screw or bolt the cross beams to the posts.** Screw the cross beams into the posts with bolts or 4 inches (10 cm) screws. Place 2 screws on each end of the cross beam to secure them tightly. Your pergola should now have 2 cross beams running parallel to each other on each side of the structure.
If the beams aren't level, remove the nail and adjust their placement.
You can make slightly angled cuts on the end of your cross beams and rafters to give your pergola a more customized look.
20. **Remove the nails that you used to steady the crossbeams.** Use the back of the hammer to pull out the nails that you used to steady your cross beams. They should stay in place if you screwed them into your foundation posts properly.
21. **Lay 8 rafters across the cross beams.** Your rafters should be the same size as your cross beams, or 2 by 10 feet (0.61 m × 3.05 m). Arrange the rafters so that they lay perpendicular to your cross beams. Each rafter should be spaced 1 foot (0.30 m) away from the next rafter.
Configure the rafters onto the cross beams so that they look how you want. You can add more rafters and space them closer together, or add fewer rafters and space them further apart.
22. **Hammer one nail into each end of each rafter.** You'll want to use nails that are at least 4 inches (10 cm) long. Angle your nail so that it goes through the side of the rafter and down into the crossbeam. Do this once on each side of the rafter to hold it in place.
23. **Nail 8 top slats into the rafters.** The top slats can be thinner pieces of wood, or 1 by 2 inches (2.5 cm × 5.1 cm) thick and 8 feet (2.4 m) long. Line all 8 of the slats a 1 foot (0.30 m) apart and drive a nail into each end of the slats. This will finish the roof of your pergola. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Build-a-Pergola", "language": "en"} |
How to Paint Your Front Porch | Painting your front porch can make your whole home look better. A new coat of paint freshens things up and brings a clean, bright look to your home. By preparing your work area, using the right tools, and waiting for paint and primer to dry in between coats, you can create a professional-looking paint job on your front porch.
1. **Remove items from your front porch.** Before painting, you’ll need to remove everything from the porch. If you have important things nearby like potted plants, outdoor furniture, or grills, you should cover them with a drop cloth to protect them from the paint.
2. **Sweep away dust and debris.** Sweep your front porch with a broom to get rid of dirt and dust. Try to get as much dirt out of the cracks between the boards as possible.
3. **Hose down the surface.** A high pressure garden hose or power washer works great for spraying down your porch with water. This should remove any remaining dirt and debris so you can have a clean surface on which to paint.
For a concrete porch, scrub it thoroughly with a scrub brush, water, and a concrete cleaning chemical. Be sure to wear the appropriate protective gear to avoid dangerous contact with the chemical.
Since wood is a porous surface, you want to wait for your porch to dry completely before attempting to paint. It can take up to 24 hours, especially in humid climates.
4. **Sand and scrape your porch to remove any existing paint.** If your porch is covered with old paint, you’ll need to remove that before applying a new coat. Use an orbital sander to sand the old paint off the surface of the porch. You can also use paint scrapers to get some of the old paint off.
Wear a respirator when operating the sander to protect your lungs from debris.
When you’re done sanding, clean up the dust and sand with a broom or vacuum so the porch is clean and smooth.
5. **Tape areas you want to keep clean.** Use painter’s tape to cover any places where do you not want the paint to touch. This should include where your porch touches your home.
Use caution and a moderate amount of paint when painting near the taped areas so as not to get the paint underneath the tape.
6. **Mix a Muriatic acid solution if you’re working on concrete that has never been painted.** If you’re working on a concrete porch that has never been painted, you’ll need to etch it with a 5-10% Muriatic acid and water solution to help the primer and the paint adhere to the concrete. Dilute the muriatic acid with water per the bottle’s instructions.
Use a stiff-bristled brush to scrub the Muriatic acid solution onto the porch. Let the acid sit on the concrete until it stops bubbling.
Muriatic acid can cause severe burns and lung damage. Make sure you wear goggles, rubber gloves and boots, and read the safety instructions thoroughly before using this chemical.
7. **Wash the concrete and vacuum the acid powder.** Thoroughly wash the acid solution off the concrete with a pressure washer. Once it has dried, vacuum up the remaining powder created by the acid so that the primer and paint will adhere correctly to the concrete.
The finished etching should give the concrete the texture of #1 or #2 sandpaper.
8. **Prime your porch with exterior primer.** Use paint rollers to cover your porch with exterior primer. Start on the far end of the porch so you won’t walk on wet paint. Work from one end of the porch to the other until the entire porch is covered with a smooth, even coat.
Use a paint brush to prime cracks or tight spaces.
Watch out for falling leaves or bugs that could stick to the wet primer.
Primer helps the paint stick to the surface of your porch.
9. **Let the primer dry before applying a second coat.** Drying time depends on which type of primer you’re using, but plan on waiting between 1 and 8 hours. Once you’ve waited the entire drying time, it’s time to apply a second coat of exterior primer in the same manner that you applied the first.
10. **Apply the first coat of paint once the primer is dry.** It’s crucial to allow the primer to dry completely so that your paint will last longer. Using a paint that’s specifically made for outdoor porches or floors, use paint rollers on extension poles to apply an even coat of paint to your porch. As with the primer, you can use a brush to paint hard-to-reach spots.
Paint made specifically for floors or porches will stand up better to wear and tear than other paints. Some paint designed for porches contains grit for added traction.
Make sure you choose a paint that’s tailored to either wood or concrete.
Dark colors generally hide chips and stains easier than light-colored paint. Consider what kind of use your porch will get when choosing a color. Use darker colors of heavy-use areas.
11. **Allow the paint to dry before applying a second coat.** Let the first coat of paint dry completely before starting the second coat. Depending on what type of paint you’re using, this could take up to 8 hours. Once the drying is complete, apply a second coat of paint just as you did the first.
12. **Apply sealant if you’re working on a concrete porch.** Once your second coat of paint is completely dry, apply a final layer of sealant to help prevent water from seeping through the paint and ruining the paint job.
This will also protect your concrete porch from sun damage.
13. **Wait 2 days before walking on the porch.** Waiting will ensure that you don’t walk on paint that is still tacky. Once your 2 days are up, you can replace your outdoor furniture and walk on the porch all you like! | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Paint-Your-Front-Porch", "language": "en"} |
How to Play Practice Mode in Mobile Legends: Bang Bang | Sometimes, there will be the case you want to practice a new hero that you purchased, or you want to try out your skills into getting a Savage killing streak on bots. This wikiHow will give you a guide that can let you play Practice Mode on Mobile Legends!
1. **Open Practice Mode.** You can open Practice Mode by tapping to the center of your screen, and by pressing on Training Camp. There will be a "Practice" box, click on it.
2. **Choose your hero.** You can select any hero that is available, from owned heroes to free heroes. Once you want to lock your selection, click on Okay.
3. **Adjust the hero’s skin, emblem, battle spell, or equipment.** Once adjusted, click on Pick Your Opponent.
4. **Do the same for the opponent bot.** Once ready, click on Start, and the battlefield will load.
5. **Click on the Arrow circle.** This will open a section of settings that can be used during Practice Mode. You will see four sections, including Allied Hero, Enemy Heroes, Summon Timber, and Common.
6. **Adjust the opponent's equipment coins and level.** You can adjust your level and gold by clicking on the explained buttons below, alongside with no cooldown and immunity:
Upgrade: Your hero/opponent will be upgraded one level (up to Level 15).
Max Level: Your hero/opponent will automatically be at level 15.
Reset Level: Your hero/opponent will go back to level 1 and goes back to base.
Add Gold: 2000 Gold is given.
No CD: You earn a short cooldown on your skills and battle spells.
God Mode: Your hero/enemy will be immune from any damage (including turret damage).
Add Gold for Roaming: You earn 300 Gold to the roaming progress (up to 1500) with roaming equipment.
Turn On AI: The opponent will start moving. (Easy AI/Normal AI/Hard AI can adjust the difficulty on the opponent when activated)
7. **Insert bots.** For the bots, you can either click on Normal Bot, Damage Bot, Patrolling Bot, or Friendly Bot. The bot will stay where they are, with the exclusion of Patrolling Bot. To remove the bots, click on Remove Bot. The options on the type of bot are explained below:
Normal Bot: A enemy Layla spawns wherever you are. The bot does not attack and can easily be damaged.
Damage Bot: The bot spawns a high-HP Zillong along with damage stats. This is helpful if you need to experiment with equipment or skill damage.
Patrolling Bot: The bot will move from its spawn point and walk in a triangle near the Sanctuary Lord.
Friendly Bot: The bot is similar to a Normal Bot, but the bot is on your side.
All bots will have your equipment (if you have any) by default.
8. **Close the minion lanes.** To close the lanes, click on Close Lane. This measure can force minions to not spawn in the mid-lanes until the action is redone. The 5-second warning before minions are spawn can be heard to reaffirm.
9. **Respawn the creeps.** If you need to continuously spawn the Sanctuary Lord on your side or to reset the cooldown of the purple/orange buffs, click on the Creeps button. All creeps will respawn immediately.
10. **Close the mode when done.** To leave Practice Mode, click on the Leave Button, or go to the settings and select the Quit Button (then click on Quit again). | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Play-Practice-Mode-in-Mobile-Legends:-Bang-Bang", "language": "en"} |
How to Think Like an Economist | Economics is the study of how humans act and make decisions about how they use resources. To think like an economist, then, you must learn about major principles of human action and interaction. While this may seem overwhelming, there are several things you can do to better think like an economist. By learning the basic tenets of economic thought and by critically considering human action, interaction, and focusing on certain economic problems, you’ll be better equipped to think like an economist.
1. **Use self interest to motivate yourself and others.** When acting on just about anything, people will seek their own benefit. As a result, you shouldn't be ashamed to use self interest to motivate others or to act to benefit yourself.
People will push back or resist doing things if they don’t see a benefit in completing the action. For example, your employees won't work longer or harder unless they get compensated (or realize another type of benefit).
Incentives work. For example, give an employee a bonus for achieving a milestone ahead of time.
2. **Embrace the idea that value subjective.** While people may only act if they see it benefiting themselves, it is important to realize that the way you value things may be different than someone else.
It is impossible to establish an objective value system for all people. For example, you can't just declare that a chair is objectively worth $5. While the chair might be worth $5 to you, it could be worth more or less to someone else.
People from different cultures around the world may view self-interest differently. They may see acting for the good of the community as something that directly benefits them.
This idea is known as the subjective theory of value. Most economists today embrace it.
3. **Make decisions knowing that you may be giving up other opportunities.** Economists understand that people constantly consider trade-offs and alternatives to different actions. In other words, people are constantly considering what could be gained if they did something else.
Always consider the opportunities you may miss by picking one course of action. For example, if you choose to pursue a high paying career, consider the loss of family time and the extra stress you may incur.
Many economists articulate this idea as the “marginal benefit” of one action over another. An example of this would be if you offered a child a dollar to clean their room or fifty cents to walk the dog. The child will weigh these two choices against each other to determine what benefits them more. They might decide that they’d rather walk the dog for less money but have extra time to watch TV, or they might decide that sacrificing more time for more money is worth losing their TV time.
4. **Embrace competition.** Competition is a constant factor in human interaction. Not only do businesses compete, but individuals compete for resources all the time.
Use competition as a way to drive yourself and others. For example, when completing a project at work, consider judging yourself against other workers completing similar projects. This may drive you to work harder.
Competition often results in “creative destruction.” Through the competitive process, certain individuals or firms decline and make room for new innovative entities to dominate the marketplace.
5. **Think about the implications of any choice you make.** Interactions between people constantly introduce new and unplanned factors into the decision-making process. As a result, you should reflect on potential outcomes before you make an economic decision.
Consider how your spending habits impact your community. For example, if you shop at a local hardware store instead of a big box retailer, you'll likely benefit people who live near you instead of very wealthy people hundreds of miles away.
6. **Rely on fair trade and commerce as a way of building healthy relationships.** Ultimately, mutually agreeable exchange tends to foster friendships between people. As a result, when conducting business, treat others fairly with the goal of forming long-term relationships.
Seek your own self interest, but consider that making someone else happy and treating them with respect might be in your long-term benefit.
When buying or selling something, consider offering or asking less money if you think you might do a lot of business with the person in the future.
7. **Admit that all things have costs.** Realize that all things in an economic system have costs. These costs can be realized in real substantial terms or in the terms of trade-offs.
Nothing is free. All benefits come at some sort of cost to someone. For example, if the residents of a community pay to maintain a park, other people who live outside the community but use the park are “free riders” – they do not realize costs associated with maintaining the park.
8. **Accept that correlation is not causation.** Many economists are dedicated to the idea that correlation is not causation. What this means is that just because two things appear similar or appear to be connected, doesn't mean they are.
Two things that appear related may not be related at all. For example, the fact that the number of radios owned by Americans in the early twentieth century increased along with the number of squirrels living in Central Park in New York City does not dictate a connection or causal relationship between the two.
9. **Know that your actions may have unintended consequences.** Before taking any action, understand that it may have repercussions that you may not anticipate.
What this means is that economists – or anyone else – can’t predict an outcome because there are often unforeseen interactions that occur. For example, if a government lowers taxes with the intent of stimulating the economy, it could harm the economy because tax revenues along with government expenditures would decrease – harming industries that are dependent on government contracts. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Think-Like-an-Economist", "language": "en"} |
How to Protect Against an STD | STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Disease. STDs are sometimes known as STIs (or Sexually Transmitted Infections). STDs are passed from person to person through bodily fluids, including those that are exchanged during sexual activity. Common STDs include herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis, and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). These diseases are unpleasant and can cause serious long-term health effects, and some STDs can be fatal; however, there are a number of steps you can take to drastically reduce your chances of contracting an STD.
1. **Consider abstinence.** The most surefire way of preventing an STD is to not engage in sexual behaviors. These behaviors include oral sex, vaginal sex, and anal sex.
Abstinence is a good choice for some people but is not realistic or desirable for many people, however. If abstinence is not an option, there are many ways to reduce your risk of infection.
Note that abstinence-only education is usually less effective than more comprehensive forms of sex education. Even if you plan to be abstinent for a time, it is good to educate yourself about safe sex practices should you find yourself in that situation.
2. **Consider monogamy.** The safest kind of sexual activity is sexual activity with only one partner as long as this partner also remains monogamous. Be sure that both you and your partner have been tested for STDs before having sex. If neither of you is infected and you both remain monogamous, your risk for infection is very low.
3. **Consider having very few sex partners.** The fewer sex partners you have, the lower your risk is for contracting an STD. You might also want to consider how many sex partners your own sex partners have had. The fewer people they have had sex with, the lower your risk of contracting an STD.
4. **Have sex with tested partners.** Before having sex with someone, make sure they have been thoroughly screened by a doctor for STDs. Most STDs can be tested for, and many of these can be treated. If your partner tests positive for an STD, refrain from having sex until after their treatment. You can resume sexual activity with a partner after their doctor says that it is safe to do so.
If your partner says they have been tested, ask for which diseases. Often people are only checked for gonorrhea and chlamydia, not HIV, hepatitis, or herpes.
Be aware that the Human Papilloma Virus (or HPV) cannot be tested for in males.
5. **Ask your sexual partners about their sexual health.** Communication is key when it comes to protecting yourself against an STD. Be open about your own sexual health and history, and make sure that your sexual partners show you the same respect. Do not have sex with someone who is uncommunicative or angry about sexual health discussions: safe sex requires the active consent of both partners.
6. **Be fully aware during sexual activity.** Drinking alcohol reduces inhibitions. This may lead you to make bad decisions, such as not using protection, that you would not make when you are sober. Alcohol and drugs also increase the risk of protection failure because you are less likely to use it correctly. Make sure you are sober enough to make healthy choices during sex.
7. **Avoid drugs.** Drugs, much like alcohol, can reduce inhibitions and lead to bad decisions or protection failure. Injectable drugs can also spread certain STDs, because bodily fluids are exchanged if needles are shared.
AIDS and hepatitis have been known to spread through needle sharing.
8. **Establish safe sex rules with your partner.** Before engaging in sexual activity, make sure that you and your partner agree on what constitutes safe sex. If you are only willing to have sex using a condom, make that clear to your partner. Support each other in your desires to remain healthy in a sexual relationship.
9. **Do not have sex with a symptomatic partner.** Some STDs, such as genital herpes, are more likely to spread when symptoms are visible. If a potential sexual partner has open sores, rash, or discharge, she might have an STD and that STD may be more likely to spread. If you see something suspicious, refrain from sex until your partner can be seen by a doctor.
10. **Recognize that all forms of sex have STD risks.** Oral, anal, and vaginal sex can all spread STDs. While oral sex with protection has the lowest risk of transmission, there is no 100% "safe" sex. You can, however, protect yourself to lower risks of STD a great deal.
11. **Recognize that forms of protection are not entirely foolproof.** Forms of protection such as external condoms, internal condoms, and dental dams greatly reduce risk of STD infection. There is always some slight risk, however. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about the effectiveness of sex protection.
12. **Be aware of the difference between birth control and STD prevention.** Some forms of STD prevention also help prevent pregnancy, such as external condoms; however, there are many forms of birth control that have no impact whatsoever on STD transmission. Remember that any nonbarrier form of birth control, such as hormonal birth control, IUDs, or spermicide, will not prevent the spread of STDs.
13. **Buy latex condoms that say "disease protection" on the package.** Most condoms are made of latex and are effective at preventing STDs; however, there are some condoms (that are often labeled as "natural") that are made out of other materials such as sheepskin. These non-latex condoms might prevent pregnancy but not the spread of STDs. To be safe, be sure that your condoms explicitly say "disease protection" on the packaging.
14. **If pregnancy is a possibility, use condoms correctly and consistently.** Condoms are very effective and reliable, so long as they are used correctly. They can be purchased at most drug and grocery stores, sex shops, or obtained for free at some hospitals and clinics. Use condoms every time you engage in sexual activity: they only work if used consistently.
External condoms fit on the penis and are put on before engaging in penetrative sex. They work for vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Open the package carefully (never with your teeth or a pair of scissors), place it so that the rolled up edges are facing away from the person wearing it, pinch the tip, and carefully roll it on. Inspect it for tears or holes and if you feel it break at any time, pull out immediately. Also, use lubricant to keep it from tearing due to friction. When the act is completed, pull out (while holding the condom on) before the erection is lost and carefully dispose of the condom. Absolutely do not reuse a condom—ever.
Internal condoms are also available. Internal condoms can be inserted by the receiver before intercourse and fit inside the vagina, just below the cervix. Internal condoms are inserted much like a tampon. They are harder to find but are usually carried by hospitals and clinics. Internal condoms can be made out of latex or out of polyurethane material. Internal condoms are particularly useful for folks who wish to be responsible for their own forms of birth control or STD prevention. Polyurethane internal condoms can be used by those who are allergic to latex or for those who wish to use oil-based lubricants.
15. **Only use one condom at a time.** Never "double up" on condom use. For example, someone should not wear more than one condom at a time. A external condom and internal condom should never be used at the same time during sex. Using more than one condom during sex increases the likelihood of condom tears and breakages, making them much less safe than a single condom used correctly.
16. **Make sure condoms haven't expired.** Check the expiration date on the condom package. Only use condoms that have not expired: an expired condom is more likely to fail during use.
17. **Don't store protection in hot or sunny places.** Protection is less likely to fail when it’s stored in a cool, dry place such as a dresser drawer. Don’t keep protection in your wallet or car.
18. **Use dental dams.** Dental dams are latex sheets used to protect against STDs like herpes when performing oral sex on a vulva, penis, or an anus. They help protect your vulnerable mouth tissues from infection. Dental dams can be purchased anywhere where condoms are sold.
19. **Use medical gloves.** Use latex gloves for manual stimulation. This will protect you and your partner if there are cuts on the hands that you are unaware of, as these can also harbor infections. They can also be used as a makeshift dental dam.
20. **Use protection on any sex toys.** Also use protection on any sexual devices or sex toys that you share with others, such as dildos or anal beads. Many STDs can be spread by unsanitary devices. Clean and disinfect these toys after each use. Protection can be used on dildos and vibrators as well. Use new, fresh protection with each use and with each separate partner. Many sex toys also provide proper cleaning instructions that you can follow.
21. **Do not use oil-based lubricant on latex products.** Oil-based lubricants such as mineral oils or petroleum jelly can lead to tearing and failure in latex condoms and dental dams. Only use a water-based lubricant. Most lubricants will state on the label whether or not they are suitable for use with condoms or dental dams.
Some condoms have lubricant already on the condom.
22. **Get vaccinated.** There are vaccinations available for a few diseases that can be passed sexually. These include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and the human papillomavirus (or HPV). Talk to your doctor about getting yourself or your child vaccinated at the recommended age in order to protect sexual health.
It is recommended that infants receive the Hepatitis A and B vaccines and that children who are 11 or 12 years old receive the HPV vaccine; however, adults who have never been vaccinated can talk to their doctors about getting these vaccines. The HPV vaccine is not approved for people over age 26.
23. **Get circumcised.** Some studies show that people who have been circumcised are at a lower risk of STD infection, including HIV infection. If you have a penis and are at a higher risk of STD contraction, consider male circumcision to lower your chances of infection.
24. **Take Truvada if you are at high risk of contracting HIV.** Truvada is a new drug that helps reduce the likelihood of contracting HIV. If you are in a high-risk group for contracting HIV, talk to your doctor about Truvada. For example, if you have a partner who is HIV positive or if you are a sex worker, Truvada can help protect your health.
Note that Truvada is not sufficient to prevent HIV infection alone. Always use condoms when having sex with an HIV positive partner, even if you are also taking Truvada.
25. **Avoid douching.** Douching (or using chemical and soaps to wash out the vagina) removes important bacteria that can help prevent the spread of STDs. The bacteria in your mucus membranes are useful protectors against STDs, and you want to keep your good bacteria healthy.
26. **Recognize common STD symptoms.** Not all STDs are symptomatic; however, there are some indicators that you or your partner might have contracted an STD and should see a doctor. Common symptoms include:
Sores and bumps around the vagina, penis, or rectum
Pain while urinating
Pain during sex
Unusual or foul-smelling discharge from the vagina or penis
Unusual vaginal bleeding
27. **Recognize that many STDs are treatable.** Do not avoid doctors if you are worried about an STD. Many STDs are treatable and even fully curable, if caught early. Be honest and open with your doctors, and inquire about your treatment options.
28. **Determine whether you are in a high-risk group.** While everyone should get tested frequently for STDs, there are certain demographic groups who should be tested more frequently. These include:
Pregnant people or people who are trying to become pregnant
People who have HIV — they are more susceptible to contracting other STDs
People who have sex with HIV-positive partners
Males who have sex with males
Sexually active females under the age of 25 — they require more frequent chlamydia tests
Sexually active females over the age of 21 — they require HPV tests
People born between 1945 and 1965 — they are at higher risk for Hepatitis C, a curable disease.
People who have multiple partners, have a single partner who has sex with multiple partners, use prostitution services, use certain drugs, have unprotected sex, have a history of STDs or STIs, or had a parent with certain STDs when they were born are all at higher risk.
29. **Get tested frequently.** Get yourself tested every three to six months if you are at high risk and every one to three years if you are at low risk. Anyone who is sexually active is at risk, so even if you are in a monogamous relationship it is a good idea to get tested every few years. In protecting yourself and dealing with the problem before it is spread to others, you reduce the risk of STDs spreading in the general population. You protect everyone by protecting yourself. Testing can be done in doctor's office, a local clinic or via a lab-certified at-home testing service, such as myLABBox.com.
Testing is especially important when you have a new sexual partner.
Tests are available for HIV, syphilis, herpes, trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis, and mycoplasma genitalium.
30. **Provide blood, urine, and fluid samples.** Your doctor will usually test for STDs by giving you a physical exam and testing your blood and urine. If you have genital sores or discharge, these fluids might also be tested for STDs.
31. **Get your partner tested.** Encourage your partner to get tested as well. Emphasize that this is the best decision to keep both of you safe. This does not mean that you do not trust them or have not been trustworthy yourself. It is simply a smart decision.
32. **Find free services if you need them.** If you cannot afford to get tested or you do not have health insurance, seek free testing services if you are concerned you may have contracted an STD. There are multiple places to find free testing services. Some good resources to consult about finding a free testing service include:
Your local public health department
Planned Parenthood
Your school or church
Community clinics
The Internet
A local hospital
33. **Do not be ashamed.** There is in getting tested for an STD! You are making a good, smart health decision for yourself and everyone around you by getting tested. If everyone got tested frequently, STDs would be much less common. You should be proud that you are doing your part to protect your community.
34. **Recognize that not all STDs can be tested for.** HPV in males cannot be tested for, for example. Even if your doctor gives you a clean bill of health, it is still a good idea to use protection during sex.
35. **Follow your doctor's instructions.** If your doctor tells you that it is not safe for you to have sex, follow those instructions. For example, people with genital herpes should not have sex in the middle of an outbreak. Only resume sex when your doctor says that it is safe to do so.
You should not have sex until you and your partner have completed treatment for any STDs.
36. **Notify all sexual partners of a diagnosis.** If STD testing reveals an infection, notify your current and previous sexual partners so that they can get tested as well. If you do not want to notify them in person, some public health clinics provide an anonymous service to notify people who might have been exposed to an STD. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Protect-Against-an-STD", "language": "en"} |
How to Take Stickers Off a Bike | Stickers and decals are pretty standard for a lot of bikes and motorcycles, but they can become an eyesore after a while. Some stickers may be a bit more stubborn than others, but you can get any adhesive off your bike with some common household supplies and a bit of elbow grease. Set aside a few minutes to clean off your bike so it’ll be completely clean before your next ride!
1. **Spray over the sticker with adhesive remover or lubricant.** Spritz the entire surface of the sticker or decal so it’s a little easier to peel up. If you don’t have any adhesive remover on hand, feel free to use something like WD-40, a common lubricant.
You can find adhesive remover at most stores that sell cleaning supplies.
If your adhesive remover doesn’t come in a spray bottle, feel free to pour it into a spray bottle so it’s easier to apply.
Double-check the safety instructions on the spray before you spritz anything onto your bike.
2. **Heat the surface of the sticker with a hairdryer for at least 5 seconds.** Plug in a hairdryer near your bike and set the device to low or high heat. Hold the end of the hairdryer at least 1 in (2.5 cm) away from the surface of the bike, which will allow the glue from the sticker to start melting. Hover over the sticker for at least 5 seconds—if you’re dealing with a large sticker or decal, you may need to apply heat for a few more seconds. seconds.
If you’re working in a garage or outdoor area, you may need to use an extension cord to heat up your bike.
3. **Peel away the sticker once it’s warm to the touch.** Pinch the corner of the sticker with 2 fingers. Pull lightly on this corner, dragging it up and away from the surface of the bike. Keep in mind that some stickers may come off easily, while others may need a bit more elbow grease—it all depends on the size and manufacturer of the sticker.
For instance, a large decal will likely be harder to remove than a regular, small sticker.
4. **Reheat the sticker if you’re having trouble peeling it off.** Turn on your hair dryer again and hover it at least 1 in (2.5 cm) above the sticker or decal in question. Heat up the sticker for at least 5 more seconds, then try peeling it again. Continue peeling away the sticker until it’s completely removed from the bike.
You may need to reheat your sticker a couple of times, which is completely normal!
5. **Touch the surface of the bike to see if it’s still sticky.** Tap your finger along the portion of the bike where the sticker used to be. After touching the surface, determine if the metal feels sticky or smooth. If the surface is still sticky, you’ll want to clean it off before you start biking again.
Depending on the sticker, there may be a lot of leftover adhesive.
6. **Soak the surface of a rag with lighter fluid or adhesive remover.** Squirt a blueberry-sized amount of lighter fluid or adhesive remover onto the surface of an old rag. Keep in mind that lighter fluid is less harsh than some adhesive removers, so you don’t have to worry about the finish being damaged at all.
Any old rag can work for this, or a paper towel.
Always work with lighter fluid in a well-ventilated area, away from any sources of heat or fire.
7. **Scrub away any leftover residue from the bike.** Rub over the entire portion of the bike where the sticker used to be with the rag. Continue rubbing over the surface until it’s completely smooth to the touch. If needed, blot the metal dry with a clean rag or paper towel. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Stickers-Off-a-Bike", "language": "en"} |
How to Make Clotted Cream | In England, clotted cream is served over scones, desserts, and fresh fruit; it is a considered to be a luxury addition taken on the occasional high tea as a popular treat. For those who've never had clotted cream before, it resembles a kind of cross between butter and whipped cream. Best of all, it is extremely easy to make, and requires only a single ingredient. The best clotted cream is made from cream that is not heavily pasteurized. You may use the following recipes with pasteurized cream you find in the grocery store, but best results will come from fresh, organic cream that wasn't heated to extremely high temperatures.
1. **Preheat your oven to 180° F (82° C).** Clotted cream thrives on low heat over a long period.
2. **Get high fat, not ultra-pasteurized cream if at all possible.** Pasteurization is heating food, usually a liquid, to a very high temperature and then immediately cooling it down. The high heat lessens spoilage by preventing microbial growth, but a by-product of this is that the structure of the cream erodes, along with some of the taste. In order to get the tastiest clotted cream, stick with organic, high-fat, less pasteurized cream.
3. **Pour any amount of cream into a heavy-bottomed pot with a lid.** The main thing to worry about here is how high up the sides of the pot the cream goes. Try to get it so that the cream comes up at least one inch and no more than three inches on the pot.
4. **Place the cream-filled pot in the pre-heated oven and cook for at least 8 hours.** Cover the pot with its lid and close the oven door. The cream may take as long as 12 hours to fully clot.
After 8 hours, the cream will develop a thicker, yellowish skin resting on top of the cream. This is the clotted cream. If you're checking on the cream in the oven, be careful not to puncture the clotted cream on top.
5. **Remove the pan with the clotted cream from the oven and let cool at room temperature.** Then, place the pan in the refrigerator and refrigerate for another 8 hours, being careful not to disturb the outer skin.
6. **Separate the clotted cream on top from the whey-like liquid below.** Reserve the whey liquid for use in cooking or baking. (Buttermilk pancakes, anyone?)
7. **Enjoy!** Store for three or four days in the refrigerator.
8. **Determine whether your slow-cooker runs hot.** Most slow-cookers have different base temperatures. Because heat is the bane of clotted cream, you want to make sure you're not blasting your cream with extra heat. If you think that your slow-cooker runs hotter than the average slow-cooker, try this:
Find a wide dish that fits inside your slow cooker. Place the dish inside the slow-cooker, transfer your cream to the dish. Pour enough water into the slow-cooker (not into the dish with the cream) so that the dish is surrounded by at least an inch of water on the sides.
If you need to use the water-bath method with your slow-cooker, adjust the recipe accordingly. You want there to be a lot of surface area for your cream, which means not filling the dish up to the brim with cream.
9. **Turn the slow-cooker onto its lowest setting and add the cream.**
10. **Wait 3 hours, being careful not to disturb the yellowish skin that starts to develop on top of the cream.** After 3 hours, turn off the slow cooker and allow the cream to come to room temperature.
11. **Place the pan in the refrigerator and refrigerate for 8 hours.**
12. **Separate the clotted cream from the cream with a slotted spoon.** Reserve the whey for use in cooking or baking.
13. **Enjoy!** Bring clotted cream back to room temperature before serving. Store in the refrigerator for up to 3 or 4 days. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Clotted-Cream", "language": "en"} |
How to Cook Frozen Pierogies | Pierogi, which are eastern European filled dumplings, make a great side dish or even the main course of a weeknight meal. Frozen pierogi are quick and easy to make—if they’re pre-cooked and frozen (like most packaged brands), you can boil them, saute them, bake them, and more. If you have uncooked, frozen (fresh-frozen) pierogi, though, you’ll get the best results if you boil them on the stove—it’s up to you whether you want to finish them off in a saute pan.
1. **Boil them in the microwave for the quickest option.** Add the frozen pierogi to a large, microwave-safe bowl. Add enough water to cover the pierogi completely. Microwave the bowl on high power for 5 minutes, then carefully remove the bowl and check that the pierogi are hot and tender. Drain them and serve.
5 minutes of cooking is usually adequate for a 16 oz (450 g) package of about 12 frozen pierogi.
Don’t cover the bowl while microwaving.
2. **Use the stove for the classic boiling option.** For a 16 oz (450 g) package of around 12 frozen pierogi, boil at least 2 US qt (1.9 l) of water in a large pot. Add the frozen pierogi and boil them until they all float, and then for 1-2 minutes more—typically 5-7 minutes total. Either drain the pot or scoop out the cooked pierogi with a slotted spoon and serve.
Remember that these frozen pierogi are already fully cooked, so you really just need to heat them through.
If you’re planning to boil and then saute the pierogi, you can remove them from the boiling water as soon as they all float. Dry them quickly with paper towels before sauteing them.
3. **Saute the pierogies, either when still frozen or after boiling them.** Heat about 0.25 c (59 ml) of butter, olive oil, or a combination of the 2 in a large skillet over medium heat. Carefully place the pierogi in the pan and cook them until they are tender, heated through, and very lightly browned. Turn them regularly while cooking.
If you’re sauteing straight from frozen, it will usually take around 8-10 minutes to cook a 16 oz (450 g) package of about 12 pierogi.
If you’ve already boiled the frozen pierogi, it will only take 2-3 minutes to lightly brown them.
4. **Bake frozen pierogi for a slightly crispier alternative.** Preheat the oven to 400 °F (204 °C), and place a 16 oz (450 g) package of about 12 frozen pierogies on a baking sheet that you’ve lightly greased with cooking spray. Bake the pierogies for 18-20 minutes, turning once halfway through, until the pierogi are heated through and slightly browned.
For added browning, add some cooking spray to the tops of the pierogi before baking, or brush them with a bit of melted butter.
5. **Deep-fry the pierogi if you like them really crispy.** Choose a large, deep skillet or pot and add a 2–3 in (5.1–7.6 cm) layer of cooking oil (for example, vegetable, canola, or peanut oil). Heat the oil to 350 °F (177 °C), then carefully add the frozen pierogi one at a time with a slotted spoon. Cook them for at least 4 minutes (until they all float), then remove them from the oil and lay them on a paper towel-lined plate.
Use a kitchen thermometer to determine the temperature of your oil.
Make sure you have enough oil to fully submerge the pierogi. If your pan or pot isn’t large enough to fit an entire 16 oz (450 g) package of pierogi, cook them in 2 or more batches.
Do not drop the pierogi into the oil, or it may splatter.
6. **Bring 2 US qt (1.9 l) or more of salted water to a boil.** Pour the water into a large pot and place it over high heat on the stove. Add a heavy pinch of salt to the water as it comes to a boil.
Use 2 US qt (1.9 l) of water for every 8-10 pierogi—roughly 12–16 oz (340–450 g).
7. **Add the frozen pierogi, stir them, and adjust the heat.** Once the water is at a full boil, place the frozen pierogi into the pot, being careful not to splash hot water. They’ll sink right away, so give the pot a good stir so the pierogi don’t stick to the bottom. Adjust the heat as needed to maintain the water at a very gentle boil.
Keep the pot uncovered while boiling the pierogi.
8. **Boil the pierogi until they float.** This will usually take around 5 minutes total. If you are going to finish cooking the pierogi by sauteing them in a skillet, they’re ready to remove from the water at this point.
If, however, you want to serve them only boiled (that is, not boiled and then sauteed), let them cook for another 2-3 minutes after they float to the surface. Then, drain the water or remove the pierogi with a slotted spoon and stir them in a bowl with a bit of butter and/or olive oil. They’re ready to serve at this point.
9. **Dry the boiled pierogi with paper towels if you’re going to saute them.** After you boil the pierogi in water until they float (around 5 minutes), remove them with a slotted spoon and place them on a plate lined with a paper towel. Pat the tops of the pierogi with another paper towel to remove any excess water.
If you don’t remove the excess water from the pierogi, the oil will “spit” and splatter when you place them in the skillet to saute them.
10. **Heat 0.25 c (59 ml) of butter and/or oil in a large skillet.** Place the skillet over medium heat and add butter, olive oil, or a combination of the two. Preheat the pan and oil for 2-3 minutes.
This amount of oil is sufficient for 16 oz (450 g) of pierogi (about 12 pierogies).
11. **Saute the pierogi for 3-4 minutes, then turn them.** Carefully add the pierogi one at a time to the heated oil. Space the pierogi out so they don’t touch—if there isn’t room, cook them in batches. Let them cook for 3 minutes, then check the undersides. If they’re not yet golden brown, cook them for another minute.
12. **Flip the pierogi and finish cooking them.** When the pierogi are browned to your liking on the bottom, flip them over with a spatula and cook them for another 3-4 minutes. When the other sides are nicely browned as well, remove them from the pan and serve.
13. **Melt 4 tbsp (60 g) of butter in a large skillet.** Place the skillet over medium heat. It will take around 2-3 minutes for the butter to melt.
If desired, you can use 2 tbsp (30 g) of butter and 0.125 c (30 ml) of olive oil.
14. **Add 12 frozen, pre-cooked pierogi to the pan.** Carefully place the frozen pierogi in the pan one at a time so they don’t cause the melted butter to splatter.
You’ll get about 12 pierogi in a standard 16 oz (450 g) package of frozen pierogi.
If you are using uncooked frozen pierogi, you should boil them on the stove (until they float) or in the microwave (for 5 minutes), then pat them dry before adding them to the skillet.
15. **Put 0.75 c (180 g) each of sliced onions and mushrooms into the skillet.** Simply dump the sliced onions and mushrooms on top of the pierogies, then nestle them down in between the pierogi with a spatula.
If you don’t care for mushrooms, you can use 1.5 c (360 g) of onions instead and omit the mushrooms.
16. **Cover the skillet for 2 minutes, then turn the pierogi.** Place the lid on the skillet and allow the pierogi, onions, and mushrooms to cook for 2 minutes over medium heat. Then, lift off the lid, flip over all of the pierogi, and stir the onions and mushrooms a bit with your spatula.
You should notice some slight browning on the pierogi at this point.
17. **Cook the pierogi for 2 more minutes in the covered skillet.** Put the lid back on the skillet and let everything cook for another 2 minutes. Then take the lid off, flip the pierogi over, and stir the veggies once more.
18. **Cover the skillet and keep checking the pierogies every minute.** Keep uncovering the skillet, flipping the pierogi, and stirring the onions and mushrooms until everything is browned to your liking. It will likely take 14-16 minutes total for the pierogi to heat through and become nicely browned on the outside.
If the pierogi have browned in 12 minutes or less, turn down the heat to medium-low and cook them for a total of at least 14 minutes. Press down on the pierogi to make sure they are soft and heated through in the middle.
Once they’re nicely browned, the pierogies are ready to serve and enjoy! | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cook-Frozen-Pierogies", "language": "en"} |
How to Handle Difficult People | Difficult people are everywhere, and that's just an unfortunate fact of life. Of course, we can't just go around being difficult ourselves in response. So how do you handle someone who's just determined to get on every nerve you have? Thankfully, there are some steps you can take to secure your peace of mind. We'll give you some sound advice to keep in mind while you interact with difficult people, and offer some tips on looking inward and protecting your own peace.
1. **Choose your battles wisely.** When butting heads with a difficult person, decide when it is worth your efforts to discuss the problem. Not every fight needs to be fought. The sooner you realize this, the happier your life will become. Ideally, you and this difficult person would be able to set aside your differences and compromise. Sometimes, this is impossible.
Ask yourself if the situation is causing you enough distress that it must be addressed.
Consider your relationship with this person. If it's your boss or another authority figure, you have to accept some things you don't like (unless it's abusive behavior). If it's a friend or family member, think about whether choosing not to engage is enabling bad behavior or simply saving you time and grief.
Can you even win this fight? You may really want to take on someone who irks you, but you need to size up the situation and consider if it really is one that you can resolve. Perhaps the timing is bad or you need to formulate a plan, get help, or consider your options.
2. **Pause for a moment before reacting to difficult behavior.** Take a deep breath before responding to collect your thoughts and calm your emotions. If your conflict is happening via email or texting, try to avoid sending digital text messages when upset. Take a bit of time to let your stress level decrease. Then you will be able to approach the person more reasonably.
If possible, discuss your issue somewhere neutral or while doing an activity. For example, you could talk while walking. This can limit negative face-to-face interactions.
3. **State your needs clearly with assertive communication.** Don't give the person the opportunity to manipulate you or twist your words. Aim to use “I” statements rather than “you” accusations. For example:
“I understand that you are frustrated by my lateness. I would feel the same way. Unfortunately, the subway line was down this morning and we were stuck in the station. I am very sorry for making you wait!”
Do not say: “You are unreasonable for expecting me to be punctual when the subway system was broken down. If you really cared, you could have Googled my line and checked.”
4. **Continue being polite.** No matter the response of the other person, keep your cool. Do not resort to name-calling. Take breaths before your responses. The key is to be the better person and not let yourself sink to their level. Also, the calmer you remain, the more likely the other person will notice and reflect on their behavior.
If you stay polite, the other person may be more likely to keep an open mind and listen to what you have to say instead of getting defensive.
5. **Stick to the facts.** Keep a short, clear narrative that is not bogged down with too much detail or emotion. It is very possible you won’t be able to get the person to see your point of view and you don’t need to try to convince them. State what happened and don't feel you need to explain yourself.
Avoid trigger topics. For example, if you always fight about holidays with your sister-in-law, don’t discuss them! Have someone else do the mediating.
Avoid being defensive. You might want to argue your point, but with difficult people, it is best to bypass these kinds of arguments. Do not waste your time trying to prove that you are right. Instead, keep the situation as neutral as possible.
6. **Set limits with them and stick to those limits.** Setting limits or boundaries with another person can be difficult at first, but it’s key to maintaining a healthy relationship. Decide which behaviors you’re willing to tolerate, and how you will deal with them. You could set limits for yourself, e.g., “I’ll spend an hour with Mom on Mother’s Day, but I won’t spend a whole day with her.” Or, you could set clear boundaries with the other person. For example, “Please don’t make comments about my weight. If you do, I’ll immediately end the conversation and walk away.”
Once you set a limit, do your best to enforce it. Many difficult people will continue to take advantage of you if they think you won’t stick to your boundaries.
For instance, if you’ve told a difficult coworker that you don’t want them to tell sexist jokes around you, don’t call them out sometimes and ignore them at other times. Be consistent about asking them not to continue the behavior. You could even set a specific consequence, like, “If it happens again, I’ll bring it up with HR.”
7. **Minimize your interactions.** Although hopefully you can deal with your problem person, if not, limit your time with them. If you must interact, try to keep things short by excusing yourself from the conversation or bringing a third party into the conversation. Stay as positive as possible and make sure to calm down afterward.
Accept that this person will likely never become the friend, colleague or sibling you want.
If all else fails, you may need to cut ties with the person altogether. This can be especially difficult if it’s a close family member, a significant other, or someone you work with. However, if their behavior is seriously toxic and abusive, it might be time to move on.
8. **Talk to allies.** If you are not making headway with someone and need to do so, speak with a potential mediator. Perhaps your boss can help improve the situation. If your conflict is within the family, find a mutual party who can negotiate. Strive to share complaints only with people you trust.
9. **Realize there will always be difficult people.** No matter where you live or work, you will encounter people who seem like they are out to hurt others. The key is to learn how to deal with these sorts of people. Because they are impossible to avoid, it may help you to identify some of the different types of difficult people so you can decide on the best way to interact with them. They include:
“Hostile” people. These people tend to react violently. They can be cynical, argumentative, and have trouble being in the wrong. These people thrive in power roles or as cyber bullies.
“Rejection-Sensitive” people, or folk look for insults. In other words, they are easily offended. They often use textual means (email, texting) to express their dismay.
“Neurotic” types. They might be anxious or pessimistic and often are very critical of others.
“Egotists,” or those who prize their own interests first. They loathe compromise, are hyper-sensitive to personal affronts, and may be ungrateful even when you've done something for them.
10. **Increase your frustration tolerance.** The other person's behavior is beyond your control, but you get to decide how you will react and whether or not to engage them. One way to do this is by increasing your frustration tolerance, which involves challenging irrational beliefs that may lead you to become stressed, get angry, or lose your cool.
When interacting with someone difficult, you may be thinking, "I can't deal with this person anymore!" Before you react based on this irrational thought, take a deep breath, and question its validity.
The reality is that you can deal with it—although it may take a lot of energy and willpower. You won't die or go insane because your mother-in-law is trying to micromanage Thanksgiving or your boss is going on a rant. You are strong and you can take it. Your choice lies in how you take it: will you stress until your blood pressure begins to soar, or will you take some deep breaths and hand your mother-in-law some carrots to chop so she's occupied?
When you find yourself using words like "must," "can't," "should," "have to," "always," or "never," take a moment to reassess that thought.
11. **Examine your own behavior.** If people continually attack you, it could be that you are attracting the wrong types of people. For example, if you are overly negative, other pessimistic people might flock to you. Try to find friends who are engaged in positive behaviors.
When you had negative experiences in the past, what was your role? What were your actions in response to the behavior? For example, let’s say your friend Liz constantly picks on you. Do you respond to her? Do you stand up for yourself?
It’s helpful to recognize your own strengths and weaknesses. That way, when you confront difficult people in the future, you will be better equipped to handle them.
12. **Be aware of your perceptions of others.** One of your friends might seem difficult, but they could be going through a rough time or struggling to deal with a difficult situation. Instead of judging others’ behaviors immediately, practice empathy by stepping back and reflecting on how you would feel in their place. If you are sensitive to personality differences, you will be better able to hand diverse conflicts.
Practice acceptance by taking a deep breath and looking at the person with as much compassion as possible. Say to yourself: "I see that you are suffering. I accept that you are anxious and scared, even if I don’t understand why. I accept that you are making me anxious, too."
When you accept that something "just is," acknowledging and accepting that the person is difficult, you release some of the tension created by resistance or trying to fight.
Imagine a sympathetic reason for their behavior. You may not understand why a customer just blew up at you for no apparent reason. Instead of becoming angry yourself, consider that they might be suffering from severe, chronic pain, which gives them an extremely short fuse. It doesn't matter if the reason is valid or even very realistic – it helps you stay calm and not feed into the negativity. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Deal-With-Difficult-People", "language": "en"} |
How to Make a Scorpio Man Obsessed with a Capricorn Woman | Scorpio men love to feel totally consumed by every crush they develop, but it can be tough to convince them that you're worth their passion. For someone as magical as a Capricorn woman though, this should be no problem at all. There are so many cool possibilities for a Capricorn and Scorpio pairing; for one, this is the definition of a power couple! Both signs share a need for authenticity, a talent for loyalty, and a desire to take themselves seriously. Read on for our list of strategies to help make a Scorpio man totally obsessed with you!
1. **A Scorpio admires intensity in other people, and he’ll want to see that in you.** These guys desire company who can match their energy and inspire them to find more depth and meaning in their own lives. He’s always looking for people who really care about their beliefs, go after what they want, and enjoy strong emotions. As a Capricorn, some of this will be second nature.
You probably find meaning through your personal achievements. You also probably feel super emotionally invested in your self-improvement. But you might not be used to describing these things in terms of your feelings. To snag a Scorpio’s affection though, you should try!
When you’re fighting hard for a promotion, try telling him all about it. Include details you might usually leave out, like how you were too nervous to sleep last night. Or, you could mention that you’ve secretly already fantasized about sitting in your new office. He’ll be totally enchanted by your passion!
2. **Scorpio men aren't interested in light conversation.** He doesn’t want to talk about the weather, and if he thinks you do, that’ll hurt your chances of making him fall for you. For a Capricorn, this will be beyond simple. You probably hate thoughtless, boring conversations just as much as he does.
Start conversations on things that really interest you, like your family dynamic, your philosophical beliefs, or even something a bit out there, like whether or not aliens exist.
Both of these signs just aren't interested in fake, meaningless chat. Use this to your benefit! Draw him into conversation often and flaunt your love of authenticity. He'll be totally taken with you.
3. **Scorpio men love a lively debate, but not if it goes too far.** He wants to see you passionately fight for the things you believe in and see him do the same thing. However, he’s also super tied to his own individuality. It’ll definitely rub him the wrong way if you cross the line from fun challenge to grudge match.
As a Capricorn woman, intellectual, analytic discussions are fun and easy. Challenge away! He’ll love that you find little weaknesses in his arguments and that you aren’t afraid to question him.
That being said, it can be hard for a Capricorn woman to fight her need to be right. Try to make sure that your debates end on a pleasant note and that both of you get to be content with your own opinions. He'll love that you're passionate, but still respect his take!
4. **Scorpios want what they can't have.** Having to earn someone else's interest, ironically, is what keeps them on the line. This can be super challenging for a Capricorn woman in some ways, and in others, not so much. On the one hand, your conversational style can come off as distant, which some people find mysterious. Then again, you love being the instigator, too!
Really think about why you hope to draw this person in. Because if it's for love, there will always be a point where bending to his preferences means sacrificing what you want. And that's no good!
However, if you're comfortable with the compromise, you should definitely let him come to you. Try not to text first and try to avoid taking the lead (even though you love taking the lead!). He'll appreciate taking the reins.
5. **Scorpios, famously, love a good mystery.** He’ll want to know all of your secrets, but still get to wonder what you'll do next. This can be a hard line to walk when you’re wooing a Scorpio, but luckily, Capricorns have a leg up.
Capricorns can be super aloof at the outset. You may come off as unreadable and unreachable to others early in a relationship. This can be super exciting to a Scorpio!
Try to lean into this natural instinct a bit, while still opening up to him when you're deep in conversation. When you’re not, feel free to be quieter, or more withdrawn—just like you like it. The combination will drive him absolutely nuts!
6. **A Scorpio wants someone who really gets him.** He goes through life feeling misunderstood by others, so to make him obsessed, you’ll need to prove that you’re an exception. Luckily for a Capricorn woman, reading people comes pretty easily. You do struggle a bit to apply that big, analytical brain in emotional conversations, though.
Even if a chat about his moods and dreams seems silly to you, be patient. Take his introspections seriously and keep listening closely.
Remember what he tells you and really try to understand where he’s coming from. Ask thoughtful questions and give informed responses that show you get him. He’ll be super into this—and you!
7. **Scorpio men want everything to be totally authentic.** He's super against fakeness in general and prefers to surround himself with honest company, with upfront and solid people. Capricorns and Scorpios, on the whole, have this in common. Because Capricorn women are so grounded, you should have an easy time convincing him that you're genuine.
On the other hand, Capricorns do definitely love the finer things in life. This can sometimes come off as materialistic to a sign like Scorpio.
If you feel stressed about how he might perceive your need for high-thread-count sheets, just try to be honest and open. You could just inform him that having comfortable things helps you relax after a day of hard work. Your transparency will probably be super exciting to him!
8. **For a Scorpio man to really fall for someone, he needs to feel totally unjudged.** The truth is, men of this sign are usually moody. More than anything, he wants passion and depth, and so naturally, his emotions will probably run the gamut. He’ll be totally amazed by anyone who can truly take his moods in stride.
For a Capricorn woman, this will probably be a bit of a struggle! One of your biggest sources of personal pride is your ability to self-regulate your feelings. Witnessing your Scorpio’s emotions totally take the wheel may seem odd, or even annoying.
Capricorns, too, can be a bit judgmental. Try your best to be patient. Give him space when he seems edgy. If you feel yourself getting angry, take a deep breath or consider heading home for the day.
9. **Scorpio men adore loyalty in friends and romantic interests.** For him, it’s actually more of a necessity. If a Scorpio doesn’t know you’re 100% trustworthy, he’ll consider it a non-starter. This is another area where you, Capricorn woman, shine! Usually, you reserve your devotion for people you know super well, but to make a Scorpio man obsessed, you should try and be super dependable from the start.
Be someone he can count on, never go behind his back, and keep his secrets close to the chest. He’s way more likely to fall for you if he knows you’ve got his back.
10. **Scorpios love an independent spirit, but they also want to feel useful.** For some signs, attracting a Scorpio would mean fighting the urge to be too clingy too early. But self-sufficiency is Capricorn’s middle name. So instead, you should focus on finding ways to lean on him a little bit.
If there’s a subject that, shockingly, you haven’t mastered yet, fight the urge to research. Instead, ask him what he knows about it. He already gets that you can do anything on your own, so he’ll love that you still thought to ask.
Or, next time you want to hang a painting, ask for his help. You hang the frame, he checks the alignment. Gestures like this, paired with your natural independence, will have him absolutely obsessed with you!
11. **A Scorpio man will probably be quick with emotional intimacy, but slow with commitment.** For him, this is just the natural order of a relationship. He has no problem diving right into your passions, dreams, and vulnerabilities, but it’s the formal commitment, in his mind, that should come in due time. For a Capricorn woman, going slow will be easy. But, you may need to fight some of your natural instincts regarding what parts of the relationship come when.
When the Scorpio man has dredged up feelings and introspections you wouldn’t normally share until a year of dating (if ever), you may feel a bit of discomfort.
When the two of you are on an emotional deep dive after two weeks of hanging out, try reminding yourself that this is normal for him. For a Scorpio to feel totally obsessed, he'll need to know how deep you are.
Don't let it phase you. Instead, in the relationship's other aspects, stick to the slow and steady pace you love, Capricorn! | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Scorpio-Man-Obsessed-with-a-Capricorn-Woman", "language": "en"} |
How to Address Clasp Envelopes | Clasp envelopes get their name from the metal clasp that can be used to keep the envelope shut. These are usually larger than regular letter envelopes and can often can hold standard-sized documents with no folding required. The address rules are the same as of a regular envelope, but you may need to work around the position of the clasp to avoid wiggles in your handwriting.
1. **Consider using an adhesive label.** If the clasp on your envelope makes it difficult to write legibly, think about purchasing a self-adhering address label from the post office, dollar store, or a big box store. You can write on the label on a flat surface, then peel it off and affix it to the envelope. If you decide to write directly on the envelope, just continue to the next step.
The return address label should be smaller than the main address label.
2. **Lay the envelope flat.** Before placing anything in the envelope, lay it flat with the clasp facing down. Run your hand across the envelope so you can feel where the clasp is.
3. **Arrange the envelope in a landscape orientation.** Turn the envelope so the flap is on the right side.
4. **Write the sender's address in the top-left corner.** Write your address in fairly small print, so you have plenty of space in the center of the envelope. Use the same address format as you would on a normal letter. This is the standard in the US, and similar format are used for most other countries:
Name of SenderStreet AddressApartment/Suite Number (if needed)CityState and Postal Code (a.k.a. ZIP code)Country (for international mail)
5. **Write the recipient's address in the center.** Write the address where you'd like to send the envelope using the same format. Write this on the same side of the envelope, in large print.
If the clasp is located under the center, feel for it first to plan where to write. To avoid bumps, you might need to write this slightly off-center, or write so the clasp is in between two lines of the address.
6. **Add optional instructions.** If you have extra instructions such as "Do not bend," write them once at the base of the front, and again on the back of the envelope.
If you're not sure whether you need to write "Air Mail" or a similar instruction, ask someone at the post office or look up instructions on the post office website.
7. **Place your mail inside the envelope.** Flip the envelope open and slide your mail into the opening. Place the top edge of the document nearest the opening if possible.
8. **Lift the clasp arms.** The most common type of clasp envelope has a butterfly clip with two metal arms. Unfold these so they stand straight up. You may need to pry them up using your fingernails.
If your envelope has two circles and a string instead, just close the flap and wrap the string tightly around the other circle instead.
9. **Wet or peel the flap if necessary.** If your envelope has a strip of paper along the edge of the flap, peel this off to reveal the adhesive. If your flap has a lick-able strip, wet this slightly to make it sticky.
10. **Push the metal clasps through the hole in the flap.** Lower the flap and adjust the metal arms so that they are positioned right beneath the hole. Push the hole over both arms. Seal the flap against the body of the envelope by running over the edge with your thumb.
11. **Flatten and secure the arms.** Push the clasp arms outward again and flatten them against the flap. To prevent the clasp from catching on other mail, put a piece of tape over the arms.
12. **Affix postage.** Apply the appropriate postage in the upper right-hand corner of the envelope, and your envelope is ready to mail. The exact postage required depends on the size and weight of the envelope, as instructed by your local post office. If you can't find instructions, just take the envelope to the post office and pay for postage over-the-counter. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Address-Clasp-Envelopes", "language": "en"} |
How to Ask for a Bra | It may be uncomfortable to talk with your parents, guardians, or other adults about your desire to purchase a bra. But, once you identify an adult who you can trust, it is a good idea to let them know about the details of your request. Talk with them privately about your concerns and why you think now is the right time to buy. It may help to practice what you plan to say in advance. Stay calm and be prepared to listen to their concerns as well. Then, when you get a “yes,” head out to a store and buy that first bra.
1. **Decide who to ask.** You will want to approach someone who you trust and who has the power to help you. This may be a parent, guardian, relative, or family friend. Choose a person who you know will keep your personal information private. The person that you ask will also need to have the money to purchase a bra for you or the ability to take you out shopping.
If you are uncertain about who to ask, it may help to write down a quick list of potential people. Then, try to assess the pros and cons of approaching each person on your list. For example, next to “Dad” you might write, “I trust him the most,” but, “I’m not sure he’d be comfortable talking about this.”
2. **Practice your conversation.** Sit in front of a mirror and walk through a mock conversation in which you ask for a bra. You can do both sides of the dialogue. Or, you can get a trusted friend to practice with you. This will better prepare you to accept counterarguments and to stay calm.
3. **Wait for the perfect time.** Don’t pick a time when the person is particularly rushed or stressed. They will be less likely to listen to your request and give you a positive answer. Instead, find a time when they are relaxed and in a good mood. If you are talking with a parent, perhaps after dinner would be a good idea.
4. **Talk one-on-one.** To have their undivided attention, it is best if you talk with them when no one else is around. This will also ensure that whatever you have to say will stay private. Maybe mention something when you are both in the car. Or, perhaps try to get their attention right before you head to bed.
5. **Drop a few hints.** If you are not quite ready to have a full conversation, you could briefly mention your request a few times over the course of a couple of weeks. Perhaps talk about how you will need some new clothing items for school? Or, you could talk about how a friend of yours just got her first bra. Keep it casual to see how your listener will react.
You might say, “I’ve been thinking that I might need some new sports clothes for gym class.” Then, you can bring up the idea of getting a sports bra and a regular one too.
6. **Remember that you are not alone.** Many women have been exactly where you are and they were probably nervous too. This is a very common occurrence and can actually be an exciting time if you see it as another entry point into your teen years. If you are asking another woman for a bra, such as your mom, you might ask her about her first bra shopping experience.
7. **Visualize another brave moment.** If your nerves seem to get the best of you, take a few minutes and think about a time when you were afraid and pushed through your fears. Tell yourself, “I did it then and I can do it now.” Just keep repeating this until you get up the courage to ask.
8. **Follow the other person’s lead.** After you ask about a bra, they may want more information or they may want to tell you about their own experiences bra shopping. Be prepared for any kind of response. It is also a good idea to talk with them when your schedule is relatively open, in case they want to head out shopping right away.
9. **Discuss your activity level.** If the person asks why you need a bra, you might want to talk about the activities that you are involved in that require a great deal of movement. This means that you are not only asking for a bra for personal reasons, but for health ones as well.
For example, you could tell them about how you play basketball and how you need more chest support as you are running around the court.
10. **Talk about your peers.** If you’ve noticed that many of your friends have recently gotten bras, you might mention this as well. However, just be sure to reassure the person you’re asking that you are not giving in to peer pressure, you actually need a bra. But, putting everything into context as part of puberty may make this transition easier for all involved.
You might say, “All of my friends are currently wearing bras and, from talking with them, I think that it is a good time for me to start doing it as well.”
11. **Suggest going shopping in general.** This is a good way to break the ice too. Ask if they would like to go shopping with you and then head to a department store. Then, browse around the racks like usual, but make your way to the lingerie and undergarments section.
Looking through the bra offerings of a large store can be a bit overwhelming, so before you go it is a good idea to hop online and browse through the various styles and sizes available.
12. **Be prepared to hear “no.”** Even if you get up the guts to ask, it is quite possible that they will refuse to help you. If this is the case, you may want to ask again after a few days have passed. Or, you can save up some money and see if you can purchase one on your own.
Try to be conservative in what you ask for initially. Don’t request an elaborate or expensive push-up bra. Instead, keep your requests fairly minimal.
13. **Write a note.** If you are simply too nervous to talk, then compose a quick letter to your parent or guardian in which you ask them to help you select and purchase a bra. Keep the letter brief and to-the-point. State your request in a polite way and then explain your reasoning. Make sure to tell them whether you would prefer a written or verbal response.
For example, you might write, “I think I need a bra because my chest frequently hurts when we play sports in school. I think that I could use the additional support that a bra would provide.”
14. **Start with a training or sports bra.** Sports bras are a smart first choice because they are easy to shop for and are comfortable as well. They will also offer support for your breasts without being constricting. A training bra is similar to a sports bra in that it is generally made from a breathable cotton-blend fabric and offers comfortable support. However, if you are a larger bust size you may need the support of a traditional, underwire bra.
If you are not sure that you want a bra quite yet, then you may want to consider buying a few camisole tops. These are light shirts made out of soft fabrics, such as cotton, that have bra support built in.
15. **Buy one on your own.** If you feel overwhelmed by the whole process of asking and then shopping, you may just want to go online with your own money and purchase a bra for yourself. Of course, you’ll want to make sure that making this purchase solo will not upset anyone, including your parents. But, you can take your own measurements and then test out at least one option without any pressure.
16. **Get measured by a professional.** Most stores have bra fitters on staff and they will help you by measuring both your bust and band size. Don’t be nervous or embarrassed about allowing them to measure you as they do this for a living and are used to women of all shapes and sizes. They will then help you to select a handful of bras that fit your body and budget.
17. **Check the final fit.** After you have a bra in your hand in the store, try it on in the dressing room and take some time determining how well it fits. You want a bra that does not squeeze you in an uncomfortable way. You will also want to watch to make sure that the straps are not cutting into your shoulders or back.
18. **Consider buying multiples.** You should probably buy a handful of bras, somewhere between four to six, when you decide to start wearing them daily. This will allow you to wash them after wearing and will keep the bras in good condition. Don’t feel as if you need to buy all of these at once, you can add to your undergarment wardrobe over time. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Ask-for-a-Bra", "language": "en"} |
How to Get Over Resentment | Carrying resentment is like drinking poison and expecting the other person to suffer: you only poison yourself. While you may feel completely justified in your feelings and the person may have truly hurt you deeply, resentment is best when let go. If you’re ready to release the chains resentment has on you, know that there are many ways to work through these painful emotions.
1. **Understand Your Emotions** Be honest with yourself in confronting the emotions surrounding the situation. Ask yourself whether this resentment is associated with any other past hurt, not related to the person or situation. Acknowledge your anger or feelings of indignation, but don’t get stuck in them.
Anger can sometimes feel like a remedy for feeling powerless: it makes you feel more powerful. Keep in mind, however, that the feeling will go away. Give less of your attention to anger and focus on healing your wounded emotions.
Write in a journal and focus on your emotions regarding the situation. Don’t write about the anger, instead focus your attention on the hurt. Write about your feelings, and if anything like this has happened before. It may be that you hold onto previous hurt and it is being expressed (and magnified) in the present situation.
2. **Practice radical acceptance.** Radical acceptance means accepting life on life’s terms; it means allowing and not resisting the things you cannot change. While pain may not be optional, suffering is. By saying “this isn’t fair,” or, “I don’t deserve this,” you deny the reality of your situation, and try to keep the truth from being a truth for you in that moment.
Radical acceptance means turning your resistant thoughts into accepting thoughts. “This is my life right now. I don’t like it and I don’t think it’s okay, but it is my reality and I cannot change what is out of my control.”
Practice radical acceptance with smaller things, and it will help you radically accept larger, more painful situations. You can practice radical acceptance while in traffic, waiting in line at the grocery store, after a spill on the carpet, and during extra long waits at the doctor or dentist.
3. **Meditate.** Engaging a meditation practice is overwhelmingly good for you. Meditation can increase positive emotions, decrease stress, help with feelings of compassion, and help you regulate your emotions. Meditation can help you work through feelings of anger and resentment by replacing them with compassion and empathy. The more you practice meditation, the more benefits your receive.
The loving-kindness meditation helps practice compassion and empathy. Sit comfortably, close your eyes and start by choosing a phrase to say to yourself, such as, ”I wish to send unconditional love to myself” and do so. Then, say this mantra to someone you feel neutral about (such as a salesperson or man next to you in a line). Then, say the mantra to the person you hold resentment toward. Finally, say the statement to all beings (“I wish to send unconditional love to all beings”). Now, reflect on how you feel. Do you still feel the tightness toward that person?
4. **Practice empathy.** It can be difficult to take the other person’s perspective when you are fuming mad. However, sharing empathy with the person that hurt you can shed light on the situation and lessen your pain. The more empathy you experience, the less of a role resentment has in your life.
Remember that you make mistakes and still want to be accepted. Remember that all humans want acceptance, even though we all have our challenges.
Try to see the situation from the other person’s eyes. What was going on with that person? Is he experiencing difficult things in life that may have caused him to explode? Understand that each person has personal struggles that must be dealt with, and that sometimes those struggles leak out in other relationships.
5. **Love yourself unconditionally.** No one person can make you feel loved and accepted at all times except yourself. Remind yourself that you are valuable and lovable. Chances are, if you have high standards for other people, you have high standards to yourself. Are you exceptionally hard on yourself when you make a mistake? Take a step back and remember to love and appreciate yourself at all times.
If you struggle to love yourself, begin practicing a mantra of “I am able to love and be loved fully.” Practice saying this mantra and it will begin to influence the way you see yourself.
6. **Avoid revenge.** While revenge may cross your mind and you may even begin to plot your plan, don’t go through with it. Revenge may be a way that people seek justice, yet the quest for justice may result in more injustice if the cycle of revenge continues. When you want revenge on someone, acknowledge your feelings as a way to cope with a loss of trust.
Don’t act on your impulses; wait until you are calm and in control of your body and emotions. It is likely that feelings of revenge will pass once you get out of the mindset.
If you choose to talk to the person you resent, watch your words. Don’t say anything you may regret in a moment of passion or to get revenge. It’s ultimately not worth it.
7. **Have realistic expectations of others.** Remember that no one person can meet all of your needs. If you believe that having a partner or a friend or being part of a family means that you will have all your needs met, think again. Having high expectations sets you up for failure.
Resentment can occur when expectations aren’t communicated clearly. A discussion on expectations and desires can help clarify current problems and avoid future problems.
Have clear expectations with the people in your life. Compromise with the people in your life on what standards and expectations you each have for the relationship.
8. **Use “I” statements in discussions.** When discussing your resentment with someone, don’t be quick to place all of the blame onto him. Instead, own your own feelings and experience. You cannot tell someone what his motivation was, or why he did something, because you simply cannot make that judgment call for someone else. Instead, focus on yourself, your hurt, and your experience.
Instead of saying “You ruined the relationship and I’ll never forgive you!” try saying “I feel very hurt by what you did and it’s hard for me to move past this.”
9. **Allow people to make mistakes.** Sometimes it’s hard to admit that you yourself are flawed, have blind spots, and don’t always respond to situations in the most constructive way. This a reality for every person on planet Earth. Just as you want people to forgive your mistakes, extend the same courtesy to the people in your life. Remember that the person that hurt you is flawed, and sometimes functions from a place of limiting beliefs or skewed perception.
Accepting that people make mistakes doesn’t mean excusing their behavior. It means you allow yourself to see the context surrounding the person and the experience to help you understand better.
10. **Surround yourself with positive people.** Allow the people in your life to be positive people who support you and allow you to make your own decisions. These are people who allow you to make mistakes and still support you. Have friends that are honest with you, that will give you a fresh perspective when you are stuck, or that will tell you when you are over-reacting.
Good friends will accept you regardless of the mistakes you make, and being a good friend means accepting others even when they make mistakes.
11. **Forgive.** You may feel betrayed or absolutely justified in your resentment toward someone, making forgiveness nearly impossible. However, forgiveness doesn’t mean pretending the situation didn’t happen or that you have to excuse the person’s behavior. Forgiveness means you let go of the pain the person caused you.
Ask yourself what the person or situation triggered that deeply hurt you. Did you experience feeling abandoned, traumatized, or re-experience unpleasant memories from the past? It’s likely the person uncovered a deeper hurt inside you.
You don’t even have to verbally forgive someone. You can forgive someone who is no longer in your life or who has passed on.
One way to practice forgiveness is by writing the situation and then writing about why you are choosing to forgive. Have a small (safe) fire and burn the paper. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Over-Resentment", "language": "en"} |
How to Slipcover a Chair | Making a slipcover for a chair is a fairly cheap, easy way to spruce up an old, outdated, or worn chair, and it also gives you a chance to match the chair's appearance to the rest of the room's décor. Slipcovers can be bought reasonably cheaply (depending on the material and the size of the chair, usually between $20 and $150), but they're not terribly difficult to make on your own, either. Read on to find the method that best matches your skill level and schedule.
1. **Measure your chair.** To make a fabric slipcover that's tailored to the shape of your chair, you’ll need to begin by taking and writing down precise readings of the dimensions of the chair. Here's a checklist of the measurements you'll want to take:
Height of the back of the chair
Width of the back of the chair at its widest point
Thickness of the back of the chair
Distance from the top of the back to the seat
Length of the arms
Distance from the arms to the floor
Distance from the arms to the seat
Length of the seat
Width of the seat
Depth of the seat cushion
Distance from the floor to the lowest fabric edge (if you plan to include a skirt on your slipcover)
Distance around the bottom circumference of the chair (if you plan to include a skirt)
2. **Pick out the fabric for your slipcover.** Be sure to purchase enough fabric to fit your chair's measurements (plus a little extra for hemming and mistakes).
For maximum durability, choose a fairly sturdy fabric, like denim, thicker cotton/hemp blends, canvas, or twill.
Fabric is sold in a wide variety of widths: 36 inches, 42 inches, 60 inches, and all the way up to widths over 100 inches. For slipcovers, it's best to buy one of the wider widths (60 inches or more) because the wider the fabric is, the less need you'll have to sew separate pieces of fabric together.
Some chairs are bigger than others, but as a very general rule, about of a 60-inch-wide fabric should be enough for a standard armchair.
3. **Buy tracing paper.** You’ll need tracing paper in order to make the initial pattern for your slipcover. The most common types of paper used for pattern tracing are freezer paper, Swedish tracing paper, and medical exam table paper.
Freezer paper is relatively inexpensive and thick enough not to accidentally tear, though it’s also harder to see through.
Swedish tracing paper is easy to see through and doesn’t tend to tear accidentally, but it’s also relatively expensive.
Medical exam table paper is easy to see through and very inexpensive, but it’s also thinner and tends to wrinkle easily.
4. **Outline of each section of the chair.** It’s important to trace the pattern for each section of the chair onto tracing paper before attempting to assemble the slipcover. Without a clearly traced pattern, you’ll end up with an imprecise and ill-fitting cover.
Start by carefully drawing the back, front, seat, and arms of your chair on your tracing paper. Compare your tracings with the measurements initially you took for guidance.
If you plan to put a skirt on the chair, you can also draw a pattern for the skirt onto the tracing paper. You'll need a strip of fabric as long as the distance around the base of the chair and wide enough to hang from the bottom of the chair to the floor.
5. **Vacuum the chair.** Though the slipcover will eventually cover the chair completely, it's still important to clean the chair beforehand to remove any excess dirt and dust.
If you don't clean the chair before covering it, the chair can get musty after you’ve added the slipcover.
6. **Cut out the patterns.** After you’ve traced each section of the chair onto your tracing paper, begin cutting out each pattern. Leave a 1-inch margin around seams and a 2-inch margin around hems. This provides a seam allowance when sewing the pieces together.
Use a pair of scissors and/or an X-acto knife to cut out the paper patterns for your chair.
Be careful and take your time with this step--mistakes here can lead to imperfections in your slipcover.
7. **Trace the patterns onto your fabric.** Begin by laying out your fabric with the wrong side facing upwards. Lay your paper shapes down so that they all fit on the fabric.
Carefully trace the edge of each piece, then cut the shapes with a pair of fabric scissors. There are many, many ways to mark your fabric without leaving a permanent mark; the most common include:
Disappearing ink fabric pens/markers
Tailor's wax (essentially a crayon)
Washable colored pencils
Tailor's chalk
Tracing wheel
Sharpies, markers, etc. (use only lightly on the back side of reasonably thick fabrics)
8. **Join the front and arm pieces.** Once you have cut out each piece of fabric match them up and pin along the shared seams and sew the seams in place.
Pin and sew the cut-out for the front of the chair onto each of the arm cut-outs where they would naturally meet.
9. **Join the back and front pieces.** Match up the back piece to the piece from the previous step (comprised of the front panel and arms) and pin in place. Then sew the pieces together along the seams you’ve marked.
When you're done, you should have a piece of baggy fabric that fits over the back and arms of your chair.
10. **Join the seat and bottom pieces.** Match the seat piece to what you’ve already assembled and pin along the seams. Sew the seams in place.
The rear edge of the seat should meet the "back" of the cutout, while the sides should meet the "arm" sleeves.
11. **Sew the skirt (if any) to the seat.** Pin the strip of skirt material to the seat of the chair and sew it in place.
It should hang so that it is near the floor, but not pooled on it.
If possible, try to position the spot where the skirt material crosses over itself in the back of the slipcover where it won't be easily seen.
12. **Pull the new slipcover over the chair.** Tuck the corners of the slipcover into the cushions and arms of the chair.
Gently sit down; your slipcover should feel comfortable and should conform easily to the weight of your body. If it doesn’t you may need to rip out and re-sew any seams that fit irregularly.
13. **Select a sheet of material.** Find a material in a pattern of your choice that’s large enough to completely cover your chair that reaches all the way to the floor. In general, a piece of fabric that's at least should fit most chairs.
A few fabric ideas that should work well for this project:
A canvas drop cloth (preferably not stained with paint, etc.)
An old bed sheet
An old quilt
Fabric purchased from a store (thicker cotton blends work well)
14. **Drape your fabric over the chair.** When draping the fabric, arrange it such that the pattern of the material (if there is one) lays across the chair as you would like it to appear.
Lay your fabric over the top of the chair (with the center of the fabric lined up with the highest point on the chair) so that it covers the entire chair completely on all sides and drapes to the floor.
15. **Tuck the fabric into the folds of the chair.** Using your fingers, push the fabric into the various folds around the seat until it appears to hug the chair fairly snugly. Smooth out any unsightly folds or creases in the fabric itself as you go and create darts (folds made in the fabric that allow the fabric to lay flat) where needed to allow the fabric to lay smooth.
If desired, use fabric adhesive (available at most craft and fabric stores) to stick your slipcover in place. Doing so will hold your slipcover over the chair snugly and prevent it from falling, bunching, or slipping off.
Use the adhesive to adhere the rear of the new slipcover material to the top of the original chair fabric. You'll need to lift up the slipcover fabric and work underneath it to do this, so it can help to have a friend help you here by pointing out where to put adhesive.
Luckily, fabric adhesive is usually very forgiving before it sets. If you make a mistake, just pull the fabric up and reposition it as needed.
Different adhesive products will have different drying times, but, in general, most fabric glues take about two to four hours to set. Fabric adhesives can usually be washed safely after a few days. Check the product's label for more specific instructions.
16. **Trim off any excess material.** Once the adhesive has dried in place, you may carefully use pair of scissors or a fabric knife to trim the loose bottom portion of your slipcover.
Ideally, you want this "skirt" to hang an inch or two above the floor. Take care to cut in a straight line as you go.
If you make a noticeable mistake, just trim the slipcover back a few inches and glue a long, skinny strip of material around the bottom to make a new skirt.
17. **Measure your chair.** Using a measuring tape, measure the height, length and width of the chair as a whole.
Take these measurements carefully. If you're spending your hard-earned money on a slipcover, you will want it to fit well.
18. **Go shopping for slipcovers.** Slipcovers are available at most stores and websites carrying home furniture and decorating items.
Most slipcovers range in price from about $20 to as much as $150, depending on the material of the slipcover and the size of the chair.
Have your measurements handy as you shop because most slipcovers will be advertised as fitting certain sizes of chair. If you're shopping at a brick and mortar store and need help choosing the right size slipcover, talk to an employee.
When in doubt, buy a slipcover slightly bigger than you think you'll need. You can always pull, sew, and trim a slipcover to make it smaller, but it's difficult to make a slipcover bigger.
For maximum durability, pick a slipcover made from a fairly sturdy fabric, like denim, thicker cotton/hemp blends, canvas, or twill.
19. **Vacuum the chair.** Before putting on the new slipcover, you'll want to remove any excess dirt and dust from your chair.
It’s also beneficial to periodically remove the slipcover and vacuum the chair again before replacing it to prevent the chair from getting musty underneath its cover.
20. **Pull the slipcover over the chair.** After pulling the slipcover on, go around the chair and tuck the fitted edges of the cover into folds around the seat.
Pull and tie any strings or ribbons on the front or back of the cover. These ties are added to keep the slipcover tight and secured in place.
Use a tight knot, but not one that's too tight to undo, as your slipcover may change size and shape slightly with repeated use and washing. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Slipcover-a-Chair", "language": "en"} |
How to Manage Mother Base in Metal Gear Solid V | Aside from being unparalleled at stealth, Punished “Venom” Snake is also a great leader and boss. Prior to Metal Gear Solid V, this aspect of the Big Boss’s personality and background story was only touched upon on the PSP’s Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker. In the Phantom Pain, this micromanagement feature makes a comeback and can even be considered a game in and of itself. To get back against the people who played you like a fiddle, you (as Big Boss) and Kazuhira Miller will have to rebuild and manage the Mother Base and private army that you lost nine years ago.
1. **Finish Episode 2.** This mission will introduce you to the basics of using your iDroid as well as to using the Fulton Recovery System. The latter is important because it will make extracting personnel easier and more efficient.
2. **Take on missions, side ops, and free roam.** Immediately take on a mission once you finish Episode 2. Go to the mission lists on your iDroid and choose to take the first mission or side op that you fancy. If you’d rather get familiar with Afghanistan and the controls even more, then you might also want to free-roam.
3. **Interrogate soldiers.** Bases and outposts that have 4 or more soldiers will usually have specialists and prisoners. Once you’re on a mission, side op, or just free-roaming, always make sure to interrogate soldiers by pressing on the LB (XBox One/XBox 360) or L1 (PS4/PS3) when holding them up with your weapon or choking them. You should then see the location of specialists or prisoners on your iDroid’s map.
4. **Fulton Extract soldiers and prisoners.** Proceed to the location of the specialists and/or prisoners and use the Fulton Recovery System on them. Some specialists and prisoners will have high stats/ratings, allowing the Mother Base unit you designate them in to level up faster.
5. **Finish the main story missions.** Your Mother Base will start out with only a Command Platform and R&D, Support, and Base Development units. By completing the main story missions, you will get to unlock units and platforms that will not only allow you to add more people to your Mother Base, but also aid you in the development of weapons, items, and equipment.
6. **Check a platform’s availability on your iDroid.** Manually check available platforms by opening up your iDroid and navigating to Base Facilities under the Mother Base tab. You should now see which platforms are available, how much they cost, and the time it takes to complete their construction.
Miller will inform you of the creation of a unit and its respective platform’s availability at the end of a mission.
7. **Construct a platform once its available.** Ideally, you should have enough GMP from finishing missions and side ops to construct a platform once it’s available. If for some reason you lack GMP, then you should try to replay some of the main missions that you’ve already done or search for diamonds in enemy bases and outposts when in free-roam.
Getting an S-Rank in a mission while completing all of its objectives will give you lots of GMP. You can also get GMP in free-roam by interrogating soldiers for the location of an outpost’s diamonds and other resources.
8. **Check Mother Base on your iDroid.** Now that you have platforms for your units, you can then proceed to the oftentimes grueling task of managing them. Open up your iDroid and look for “Staff Management” under the Mother Base tab.
9. **Access Staff Management.** To manage the personnel for these units, navigate to their respective tabs under Staff Management by using RB and LB (XBox One/XBox 360) or R1 and L1 (PS4/PS3).
10. **Browse and sort personnel.** You can then press on the RB (XBox One/XBox 360) or R2 (PS4/PS3) button to sort the existing personnel under the unit you want to manage. This allows you to sort personnel based on their compatibility with their existing units.
11. **Move personnel to other units.** If one of your personnel has higher stats/ratings for units other than the one he/she is currently in, then you’ll need to transfer him/her there. To do so, press on the Change Assignment (A for Xbox One/Xbox 360 or X for PS4/PS3) button when the personnel’s name is highlighted and choose “Move” among the options that pop-up on your screen to transfer him/her to a unit where he/she has better compatibility.
12. **Deal with Troublemakers.** The Staff Management menu also gives you the option to dismiss personnel who have the Troublemaker special skill as well those with low (E) ratings/stats. To deal with these personnel, highlight his/her name and press on the Change Assignment (A for Xbox One/Xbox 360 or X for PS4/PS3) button on your controller to bring up the option to dismiss him/her.
A Troublemaker will cause problems in the their respective units and should be dealt with lest you end up with personnel developing PTSD and getting sent to your Mother Base’s Sickbay.
Don’t worry about dismissing a Troublemaker even if he has a high rating. As you progress through the game and upgrade your Fulton and Int-Scope, you will find it easier to come across soldiers who have higher ratings.
13. **Upgrade your Fulton and Int-Scope.** Move compatible personnel with C or higher ratings/stats to the R&D, Intel, and Support units. Once these units level up, navigate to the Mother Base tab on your iDroid and upgrade your Fulton and Int-Scope by going to the Weapons/Items option found under “Development.”
Upgraded versions of the Fulton will allow you to extract vehicles, children, as well as increase the amount you can carry with you when you’re at any of the mission areas.
An upgraded Int-Scope will allow players to analyze and determine an enemy soldier’s ratings. Aside from the Analyzer function, it will also have a directional Microphone function allowing the player to easily pick up on enemy conversations while doing reconnaissance without having to be close to a base or outpost.
14. **Go back to extracting additional personnel.** Once you’ve upgraded your Int-Scope and Fulton, you can proceed to extract more personnel to add to Mother Base. Coupled with the upgraded Fulton, an upgraded Int-Scope’s analyzer function will make it easier for you to identify and extract more specialists and high-level soldiers without having to resort to interrogations.
You don’t need to be in Mother Base to manage Mother Base. You can manage your staff as well as construct platforms anywhere and anytime in-game (excluding during cutscenes) using your iDroid. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Manage-Mother-Base-in-Metal-Gear-Solid-V", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean Countertops | Cleaning countertops is fairly easy if you wipe up stains regularly. The type of substance you use depends on your counter type. Things like laminate counters are usually cleaned with vinegar and baking soda, while quartz or tile counters require special cleaners. Always use a gentle cleaning pad and remove stains as soon as possible.
1. **Make sure you can use soap and water.** Most countertops can be cleaned with warm water and soap. Make sure your countertop is made of the right material, however. The following countertops can be cleaned with mild dish soap and water:
Granite
Laminate
Corian
Concrete
Marble
2. **Opt for a gentle cleaning rag or sponge.** After making sure dish soap and water are appropriate for your counter type, select your cleaning pad. To minimize damage such as scratches, opt for a gentle rag or sponge. Opt for a non-abrasive rag or sponge. Do not use things like scrub pads, as these can scratch a countertop.
3. **Remove dirt and debris.** If there are crumbs scattered on your countertop, remove them with a paper towel before cleaning your countertop with soap and water. Wipe them off the counter and into your hand or a piece of paper towel. Discard the crumbs in the garbage.
4. **Wipe down your counter.** Mix a small amount of liquid dish soap with warm water. Douse your sponge or rag in the soap. Wring it out slightly and gently wipe down the countertop to leave it looking clean and shiny.
5. **Use a toothbrush to get into hard to reach areas.** If there are hard to reach areas, such as edges or areas between the sink and counter, target these with a soft-bristle toothbrush. Scrub the soap and water mixture in here to clean dirt, debris, and other buildup from cracks and crevices in your kitchen.
Make sure the toothbrush is soft-bristled. This will prevent the counter from becoming scratched.
6. **Use glass cleaner or ammonia occasionally on quartz.** Quartz is typically cleaned with slightly harsher cleaners. Glass cleaner or ammonia should be used periodically to restore shine or to clean a very dirty countertop. For daily cleaners, opt for dish soap and water applied with a microfiber cloth.
Avoid using ammonia if you clean other parts of your kitchen with vinegar. This can cause an adverse chemical reaction.
7. **Opt for multi-purpose cleaner with tile.** Tile should be cleaned with multi-purpose cleaners. These leave behind less residue, and residue found in the cracks of tiles can potentially cause harm. As tiles can stain easily, test your cleaner in an inconspicuous spot before applying it to your full counter to make sure there's no adverse reaction. After making sure the cleaner is safe for your tile, you can spritz it on and wipe down the counter with a paper towel or soft rag.
8. **Apply mineral oil to soapstone on occasion.** Soapstone counters can benefit from an occasional cleaning with mineral oil. As soapstone starts to lose its shine, wipe it down with mineral oil. For regular cleaning, however, use dish soap and water.
9. **Wipe spills as soon as you notice them.** In general, stain removers should not be used too often. Even mild stain removers can wear down a counter's surface. If you notice a spill, wipe it up with paper towel promptly. If there is any remaining mess, wipe the area down with water or a cleaner that works for your countertop. Avoid letting stains become set into the counter.
10. **Use baking soda or vinegar for limestone, slate, and soapstone.** A mixture of water and white vinegar can be spritzed on stains for limestone, slate, and soapstone. This should remove set in stains. You can also add enough water to baking soda to form a paste. Rub the paste into the stain until it lifts and then rinse the paste off with water.
11. **Target tile stains with a toothbrush.** Bleach diluted with water can be worked into stains on a tile counter top using a toothbrush. Make sure to dilute the bleach to safe levels. The instructions on a container of bleach should tell you the ratios to use to dilute your bleach.
If there is mildew in the cracks of tiles, however, opt for a mildew cleaner. You can buy this at most grocery or department stores.
12. **Check manufacturer's recommendations for silestone.** Silestone is particularly susceptible to damage. Store bought cleaners often wear down silestone, as will some cleaners made from household products. As specific types of silestone differ, check the manufacturer's label to see what is safe to use on your specific brand of silestone. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Countertops", "language": "en"} |
How to Increase Mental Strength | Mental toughness, like physical toughness, requires that you exercise. Learning to strengthen your mind, improving your concentration, and staying calm will take some work, but you can get the basic skills you need to stay strong of mind.
1. **Read everything** Recent studies show that people who enjoy reading novels are more easily able to empathize with others, a sign of a strong and well-rounded mind. If you want to work on increasing your mental strength, read a variety of things that you enjoy.
You don't have to jump straight into reading Ulysses if you want to improve your mental strength, and in fact, trying to read something too difficult might turn you off reading entirely. Instead, focus on reading things you enjoy. Westerns, romance novels, and long-form magazines are all good ways to read.
Try replacing an hour of television each evening with reading, instead. Invest the time that you might normally spend idling, chatting with friends, or watching the tube in reading a good book.
Get a library card and take advantage of the library in your town for free entertainment. Try to read one new book every two weeks. Try your best to read from physical books rather than on e-readers.
2. **Try to learn something new every week.** Ever get the feeling that each day looks a lot the same? As we get older, our mental pathways are more and more defined. Where each summer day seemed to last forever when we were kids, the weeks peel off more quickly as you age. Mental strength requires that you continue building new neural pathways by learning new things.
Get out of your comfort zone so you can continue to challenge yourself.
The more regularly you pick up a new skill, or study a new subject, the stronger your mind becomes. Try to pick up one new thing every week, then continue working on it as you learn new things. Build up your mental strength gradually.
wikiHow is a great resource for learning new things. Learn how to play chess, change your oil, or play guitar.
3. **Socialize more.** "Book smarts" are important, but it's also important to understand how things play out in the real world. Social intelligence and wit are important parts of all-around mental health and well-being. If you can't carry on a conversation, work on your social skills along with your mental health building skills.
Have complicated conversations instead of gossiping. Talk about things that are important to you or things that you've been learning. Try starting or joining a book club in your area.
Try to meet lots of different kinds of people. If you're in school, don't stick to just one social group, but move around. If you're an adult, try to meet people from socio-economic situations different from your own. Hang out with your plumber, and hang out with your doctor.
4. **Challenge yourself.** Try things that you're not sure you'll be able to pull off. Decide that you're not only going to learn guitar, but that you're going to learn to shred a fast solo note-for-note. Decide that you're not only going to play chess, but that you're going to study openings and learn to play like a grandmaster. Keep working on a task until you're at the difficult setting.
Video games are a mixed bag when it comes to mental strength. Some research shows that video games aid in problem-solving, fine motor skills, logistics, and analysis. Other research points to the negative effects of violence and social isolation associated with video games, decreasing moral sensitivity and attention span.
Nourish yourself with complex entertainment, and avoid click-bait. If you've ever seen a long newsreel and thought, "Jeez, TLDR" then it's probably time to unplug a little. Reading Buzzfeed or watching YouTube videos of epic fails is like eating three Skittles at lunch. Reading a book or watching a documentary is like eating a meal.
5. **Exercise your mind regularly.** Just as you can't build muscle by eating cake for three weeks straight before you start lifting at the gym, you can't gain mental strength by goofing off and then focusing only every now and then. Being consistent with brain exercise is more important than the intensity of the workout.
Even just doing a crossword puzzle or a sudoku every day may decrease your chances of losing mental awareness as you become older while increasing your verbal fluency.
6. **Do one thing at a time.** Splitting your attention among multiple tasks makes the quality of thought that you're giving to each task less. A recent social and psychological study revealed that chronic multi-tasking in a variety of interactive media makes us poorer students, workers, and less efficient learners.
Start prioritizing the most important things you have to do each day and just focus your attention there. Write out a list to start the day, and work through it.
Finish one thing before starting another. Even if you find something challenging, stick with it until you're done. Switching between tasks is often more difficult than finishing something you've started.
7. **Take frequent short breaks.** Recent studies show that as short a break as five minutes every hour results in more efficiency than a single long break in the middle of a workday. Let your brain rest and refresh, to give yourself the best chance of staying mentally strong throughout a difficult task.
8. **Get rid of distractions.** For lots of people, the chatter of the radio in the background, or the noise of the television is part of almost every minute. If you have a lot of white noise and static in your life, try replacing it with soft relaxing music. Let yourself focus on doing one thing only, instead of trying to entertain yourself while you work.
Focusing more on what you're doing will have the added benefit of letting you finish your work more quickly. If you're trying to watch a show at the same time, it'll take longer.
Want to really eliminate distraction? Get off the Internet. When you're trying to study and Facebook is only a click away, it's awfully tempting to mess around. Use a web-blocker or a site-blocker if you can't unplug yourself.
Leave your phone in another room or on silent so you avoid frequently checking it.
9. **Be here now.** It may sound overly simple, but one excellent way of focusing your attention back to a task when you find your mind wandering is to remind yourself, "Be here now." Don't think about what you're eating for lunch, or what you're doing later tonight, or what's going to happen this weekend. Just be here now and do what you're doing.
Try using a keyword mantra, if you don't like "Be here now." Pick a password or a keyword from what you're doing. If you're doing math homework, make it "math" or another related vocab word. When you notice your attention waning, repeat the keyword until you can re-focus.
10. **Be optimistic** Go into each task you perform assuming that you will succeed. Having the right attitude will ensure that your mind is focused in the right places, staying clear of the negative thoughts that can drag you down. Emotional support and strength start within.
Practice visualization to help with positive thinking. Try actually closing your eyes and "watching" yourself succeed in the task before you. Whatever it is, try to picture yourself doing it correctly and finishing.
11. **Let go of petty thoughts.** To stay calm and positive, try to let go of petty ego-driven thoughts and concerns, and focus on what's most important. Is what you're wearing important? Is where you're going for dinner? Is what you're going to do this weekend critical to your well-being and mental health? Probably not.
Stop comparing yourself to other people. It's not good to do better than someone else, or to beat someone else, it's just good to improve your own abilities. Focus on improving yourself, not winning.
Avoid striving for perfectionism since it can create a lot of pressure on you.
12. **Assume the best intentions of others.** Don't go looking for something to make you angry or frustrated. Take things at face value and don't over-think your interactions. Your boss probably isn't singling you out and picking on you irrationally. Your friends probably aren't spreading rumors about you behind your back. Stay strong and be confident. You've got this.
Stay out of other people's business as much as possible. Don't spread gossip or be a collector of gossipy stories. Focus on yourself.
13. **Meditate** Taking a bit of time in your day to slow down and focus your thoughts can help you build a strong and calm mind. Meditation doesn't have to be a strange or mystical experience, either. Just find a quiet place and sit for 15-45 minutes each day. That's it.
Sit comfortably and focus on your breathing. Feel your breath going in and nourishing your body. Feel it leaving your body and entering the world.
Watch your thoughts come and go without identifying with them. Just let them happen. Stay unattached from them. Focus on your breath.
14. **Listen to Baroque Music.** Recent studies have shown that baroque music has the amazing ability to attain a state of deep concentration and focus by preparing alpha brain state in your mind which helps you to boost your learning vocabulary, memorizing facts or reading.
Select some good baroque music tracks and make a habit of listening to them regularly in your free times or while your working or studying.
15. **Do physical exercise as well as mental exercise** Exercise releases endorphins in your brain, which help to calm and strengthen your brain. Getting 30 minutes of exercise a few days a week will help you to stay calmer and more mentally strong. Additionally, one form of exercise that helps the mind relax and can greatly improve mental toughness, is yoga. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Increase-Mental-Strength", "language": "en"} |
How to Groom a Long Fleece Coated Labradoodle | Labradoodles have three different coat types: wool, hair, and fleece. The long fleece coat Labradoodle has soft and wavy fur that rarely sheds and is relatively easy to care for. You will need to keep the fleece coat trimmed, especially around their face and ears, and brushed regularly. Caring for their coat, as well as their teeth, ears, and nails, will help keep your long fleece coat Labradoodle looking their best.
1. **Set your Labradoodle on the floor or a grooming table.** In order to have access to each part of their coat, you’ll need to put your Labradoodle in a secure area either on the floor or on a grooming table. If they are unable to stay still during the grooming process, enlist the help of another person to hold them still while you’re working. Fleece coats are much easier to take care of than a wool coat, especially when the fleece coat is wavy rather than curled.
Remove their collar and any other accessories before you begin.
2. **Part the coat into sections.** For brushing, you’ll want to work in sections starting at the head and moving down the body. Part the hair at the skin and work on one individual section at a time. It is better to work in small sections at first, especially if you are not accustomed to grooming at home.
3. **Brush one section at a time with a slicker brush.** Slicker brushes have fine wire bristles that will help to remove mats and tangles from your Labradoodle’s thick fleece coat. As you’re brushing, you want to make sure that you are brushing the hair all the way down to the skin. Many people only brush the surface of the coat and leave mats to form close to the skin.
If you are unable to brush out any small or large mats, you will need to shave the hair right to the skin. A professional groomer may be able to get the mat out without cutting the hair, so it can be worth going in for a consultation.
4. **Focus on areas that are easily matted.** While mats can occur anywhere on your dog’s coat, they tend to occur on the chest, neck, armpits, and behind and under the ears. Spend a little extra time brushing these sections with the slicker brush to ensure that no mats have formed.
5. **Brush their coat once a week.** For general maintenance, you’ll need to brush their coats once a week to prevent matting and tangles. Each time you brush their coats, look out for any skin irritation. If you see any redness, flakiness, scabbing or unusual skin texture you may need to consult your veterinarian.
By brushing frequently, your dog will become accustomed to the process and you’ll be able to identify any skin problems early on.
6. **Deal with mats, if present.** Mats occur when the hair close to the skin becomes extremely knotted and tangled. The best way to deal with mats, if they aren't too large or too tightly knotted, is to try to untangle them using your fingers. After you've broken apart some of the larger knots, use a comb to try to untangle the smaller knots. If you're able to, try to hold the fur closest to the skin so there is less pulling, which can be painful for your dog. Large mats may need to be shaved.
Regular brushing is the best way to prevent mats from forming.
Avoid using scissors, as you may accidentally injure your dog.
7. **Cut ear hair.** Use a small pair of clippers to trim the hairs at the entrance to your dog’s ears. Like other flap eared dogs, Labradoodles are more prone to ear infections. Their ears hang down and trap moisture and bacteria in their ear canals. By shaving the ear hair and keeping it trimmed short, you can help improve circulation.
You want the hair that falls on the outside of their ears to be symmetrical lengths, usually about 1”, or 2.5 centimeter (1 in). Trim exterior ear hair as desired.
8. **Trim the hair on their paws.** The hair between their paw pads should be clipped short with a clipper. This helps to prevent debris getting stuck between the paws. You will also want to trim the hair that falls around the paws, in the ankle area, so the hair doesn’t trip up your dog. You want the hair to be short enough that it doesn’t impede their steps.
Most dogs are sensitive with someone handling their paws, so start handling your dog’s feet when they are young so they become used to it.
Avoid using scissors. You are likely to cut your pet by accident, and paws tend to bleed a lot.
9. **Trim the fur around their face.** The hair around your dog’s eyes should be trimmed short so the hair does not fall into their eyes and restrict vision. The hair that grows up from the bridge of their noses should be kept short as well. The hair on their muzzle should be about 1”, or 2.5 cm, in length and hang evenly.
10. **Shave the entire coat as needed.** Many groomers recommend fully shaving the entire coat twice a year down to an inch or shorter. This includes the neck, body and legs of the dog. Many owners choose to do this in the warmer months to help keep their dogs cool. You do not have to shave the coat if you prefer a longer coat year round; it comes down to owner preference.
If you do not shave the entire coat, you should plan on trimming the fur monthly.
11. **Bathe them every month.** Labradoodles have very little odor so they don’t need to be bathed any more than once a month, unless they’ve rolled in something smelly or muddy. Too frequent bathing will strip the skin of its natural oils, leaving it prone to skin irritations, and damages the coat.
Some owners find that they can bathe their Labradoodle every other month, as long as there is no noticeable odor.
12. **Put your Labradoodle in a tub with a non-slip mat.** Fill the tub a few inches with warm, but not hot, water. Wet your dog using a plastic cup filled with water, a spray nozzle, or your hands. Try to wet the entire coat, but avoid getting water inside their ears.
13. **Use a gentle shampoo and massage it into the fur.** Use a dog-specific shampoo, as these are formulated with a pH that is best for dogs. Some shampoos with fragrances can irritate the skin, so avoid these unless you already know that they do not bother your dog’s skin. Put a small amount of shampoo into the palms of your hands and begin to work the shampoo into a lather on the body of the dog. Massage the shampoo into the dog’s coat, making sure you spend extra time around their paws and rear end since these become dirty easily. After fully washing the body, move on to the head and face.
Be extra careful with the shampoo around your dog’s eyes. While most puppy shampoos are tearless, you still want to avoid getting shampoo directly in your dog’s eyes.
14. **Rinse out the shampoo.** Using a plastic cup filled with water, a spray nozzle, or your hands, rinse out the shampoo with more warm water. Start with the head and face, and then move on to the body. Make sure you rinse off all of the shampoo. Dried shampoo that hasn’t been rinsed out can be itchy and cause skin irritation later on.
15. **Dry them off.** After the bath, you can dry your Labradoodle off by patting their coat with a cotton towel. Try not to rub in circular motions if your dog has a longer coat, since this may tangle the fur. They do not need to be dried using a blow dryer, though this will give the coat a full and fluffy appearance if that’s what you prefer.
As long as it’s warm out, or they’re inside, you can leave them somewhat damp and let the coat air dry.
16. **Examine their teeth and mouth.** By the age of 3, more than 80% of dogs show signs of gum disease. Oral hygiene is important for your dog, and many teeth and gum problems can be prevented through basic dental care. You should get into a routine of checking your dog’s gums and teeth. Check their gums for any redness, bleeding, inflammation, and any signs they are receding. Check their teeth for any browning, as well as any chips or breakage.
Labradoodles with dental problems may avoid playing with chew toys or eating hard food. They may also drool more, paw at their mouth, or have very bad breath.
Take your dog to their veterinarian if you notice any signs of gum or tooth damage.
17. **Brush their teeth.** Brushing your dog’s teeth regularly is the best way to prevent later dental problems, like tooth decay and periodontal diseases. Use toothpaste that is specially designed for dogs and a soft toothbrush. Put a small amount of toothpaste on a wet toothbrush and use one hand to hold their mouth open while you brush each tooth.
Ideally, you’ll brush their teeth every day. Your goal should be to brush them at least two to three times a week to help prevent periodontal diseases.
18. **Trim their nails.** For larger and medium sized Labradoodles, it’s easiest to use a pair of scissor nail clippers. These look more like scissors and can cut through thicker nails. Only trim a very small section of the nail at a time to avoid hitting the quick, which is a vein that runs through your dog’s nail and provides blood flow to the area. Most dogs will need their nails trimmed about every two weeks.
It is harder to see the quick if your Labradoodle has black nails. Start by making a very small cut to the nail to make sure that you haven’t hit the quick. Have styptic powder and some cotton balls handy to stop the bleeding in the event that the quick has been nicked.
You won’t need to trim your Labradoodle’s nails as frequently if you exercise them on pavement and concrete. The rough surface will naturally file your dog’s nails and keep them shorter.
19. **Wipe their ears.** Like most flap eared dogs, Labradoodles are prone to ear infections. You should check their ears weekly for signs of infection, such as discharge, and wipe them down. If you suspect your dog may have an ear infection, take it to the vet right away. Otherwise, use a cotton ball soaked in a gentle, pH-balanced ear cleaner for dogs to wipe their inner ears and the opening of the ear canal.
Check their ears for any sign of infection, like redness, odor, or discharge. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Groom-a-Long-Fleece-Coated-Labradoodle", "language": "en"} |
How to Upshift | If you drive a car with a manual gearbox or a motorcycle, upshifting is an important aspect of driving on the road. Unlike automatic vehicles, which automatically switch gears, manual vehicles require the driver to do it themselves. Even though upshifting seems daunting at first, with enough practice you'll be able to master the technique and drive down the road with confidence.
1. **Find the clutch pedal.** The clutch pedal should be the left pedal in your vehicle, next to the brake in the middle. You'll have to press down on the clutch as you change gear, so it's important to know where it's located before you start driving.
2. **Examine the pattern on the top of your gearstick.** Familiarizing yourself with the pattern on top of your gearstick will help you understand where the gearstick needs to go when changing up a gear. The gearstick should have R, 1, 2, 3, 4, and sometimes 5 or 6 gears. R means reverse while the rest of the figures stand for the gear that your car is in. When upshifting, you'll be moving from one gear to the next highest gear to gain speed in your vehicle.
Different cars will have a different shifting patterns. It's important to understand your car's pattern before you start driving.
3. **Start the vehicle.** Put your key into the car's ignition and rotate your wrist to start it. If you have a button ignition, press the button instead. Push the clutch down once you've done this, and keeping the handbrake engaged will ensure that the car doesn't roll as you change gears.
4. **Move the gearstick into first gear.** Move the gearstick into first gear and release the handbrake. As you do this the car should start to roll.
If you start the car on an incline you'll have to keep your foot on the brake to prevent it from rolling backwards.
5. **Lift off the clutch and slowly press on the accelerator.** Slowly lift off the clutch while simultaneously pressing down on the accelerator. As you do this you'll start to gain momentum in first gear.
This is the hardest part of getting started, so don't worry if you stall the engine.
If you stall the engine, turn off the car and start over from the first step.
6. **Start upshifting when your car reaches 2,500 - 3,000 RPM.** RPM stands for revolutions per minute and refers to the speed of the engine. The tachometer, or the meter that reads your car's RPM, is usually found next to your speedometer and has numbers from 0 to 9. Once the needle on this meter is between 2,500 to 3,000, you should begin to upshift.
7. **Press down on the clutch while lifting off on the gas.** Use your foot to depress the clutch pedal while at the same time slowly lifting off the gas. This will free up your stick shift and allow you to slide it into the next gear. During this time your car will go into a neutral state, and you'll notice your engine revving if your foot is pressed too hard on the gas.
8. **Use your hand to shift up into the next gear.** Shift into the next highest gear as you're pushing the clutch down to the floor. If you're in first gear, you will move the stick shift into second gear. This should happen in one fluid motion, so don't hesitate for too long.
Practice shifting while your vehicle is off so that you get used to the pattern of the gears.
9. **Lift off the clutch and press on the gas.** Once you've moved up into the next gear, you can start to slowly lift off the clutch while giving your car more gas. If done correctly, the car should start to accelerate again and the RPM should go back down.
Your car won't stall when shifting higher than first gear because it's already moving.
10. **Put the bike in neutral.** Put your motorcycle in neutral by squeezing the clutch lever, or the lever on the left-hand side of your handlebars. With the clutch squeezed, press down on the shift lever, or the lever at your left foot. This will put the bike in first gear. Neutral gear is one half-click up from first gear. Once the shift lever is all the way down, lightly lift up on the shift lever with your foot until you hear a click. This will put the bike in neutral.
Some motorcycles will have an indicator light that lets you know when it's in neutral.
11. **Start the engine.** Press the ignition button your bike to start it. You don't need to press down on the clutch or touch anything else as you start your bike's engine.
12. **Squeeze the clutch and push the shift lever down to first gear.** Compressing the clutch lever allows you to switch gears. Squeeze the lever as you push your gear shifter down, into first gear.
13. **Slowly release the clutch and walk with the bike.** As you release the clutch the bike will begin to roll forward. Start walking with the bike as you slowly release the clutch to get a feeling for the bike as it's moving.
If you stall out, turn off the bike and start over from the beginning.
14. **Find your balance on the bike.** Once you get moving, lift your feet on the foot rests of the bike. Position your left foot so that your toe is under the shift lever so that you can upshift while accelerating.
15. **Rotate your right wrist backward on the throttle.** Rotating your wrist backward on the right handlebar will give the bike throttle and propel it forward. Once you let off the clutch without the bike stalling, you can practice giving the bike throttle to accelerate in first gear.
Do not give the bike too much throttle or you will send your bike flying forward.
16. **Squeeze the clutch lever while reducing your throttle.** Squeeze the left clutch lever while slowly releasing your hand on the throttle. This will allow the bike to shift up into higher gears.
17. **Push up on the shift lever to put it into the next gear.** With the clutch still depressed, push up with your left toe on the shift lever. This will put the bike into the next highest gear.
18. **Release the clutch while feathering the throttle.** Gradually release the clutch while rotating your wrist backward on the throttle. Again, you shouldn't give the bike too much throttle, or you may lose control of it. If you did everything correctly, you will have upshifted into the next highest gear. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Upshift", "language": "en"} |
How to Take Shoulder Pads Out of a Jacket | Going to the thrift store and picking up a jacket for cheap is a great way to find expensive, fashionable items without a huge price tag. However, jackets made in decades past often come with tall, boxy shoulder pads that make your shoulders look more pointed and square. If that’s not quite the look you are going for, you can modernize your jacket in under an hour to make your jacket look and feel brand new.
1. **Lay your coat out flat with the shoulder pads visible.** Choose a flat surface, like the floor or a table, to work on. Spread out your jacket and open up the front so that you can see the area where the shoulder pads are.
You can turn your jacket all the way inside out, but you don’t have to.
2. **Rip the seam open that contains the padding with a seam ripper.** Feel around for the area that contains the actual “pad” of the shoulder pad. Use a seam ripper to cut off the thread that is holding the shoulder pad closed. Try to make the hole as small as you can to avoid unnecessary stitch work later on.
Try not to rip 2 seams that cross over each other, or it will create more work for you later on since you’ll have to sew a hole up in 2 directions.
3. **Pull the pads out until you can see how they are connected to the coat.** Reach into the hole you created and grab the pad or stuffing inside. Pull it out of the hole until you can see how it has been sewn into your jacket.
Most shoulder pads are connected to the inside of the jacket with 2 to 3 strands of thread. However, some are sewn into the actual lining of the jacket.
4. **Cut the 2 to 3 threads that attach each pad to your jacket.** Use scissors to carefully snip the threads that are holding the pads to your jacket without removing any of the thread in the lining. Use caution so you don’t poke a hole in your jacket or tear the lining further.
5. **Cut around the edge of each pad if they are sewn into the actual lining.** If your shoulder pad is attached to the lining of your jacket with a long line of stitches, it’s best to leave the majority intact so you don’t rip a hole in your jacket. Use scissors to cut around the area that’s sewn into the jacket and remove the parts of the shoulder pad that aren’t sewn down.
This may leave some slight padding in the shoulders of your jacket, but it will remove the majority of the shoulder pads.
6. **Choose a thread color that matches the lining of your coat.** Even though the hole is on the inside of your jacket, try to find a thread color that will blend in easily. Take a look at the color of the thread in the rest of the lining to find a match.
Since you’ll be sewing on the inside of your jacket, the color doesn’t have to match perfectly. For example, if your lining is light brown, going with a dark brown thread color is fine.
7. **Thread your needle with 12 in (30 cm) of sewing thread.** Pull a 12 in (30 cm) length of thread through the eye of your needle and then tie the ends of the thread together. Make sure your knot is tight so the thread doesn’t come loose as you are sewing.
8. **Press the lining together over the hole to close it.** Grab the 2 sides of the lining of your jacket and bring them together so they line up. If you need to, add a sewing pin to keep them in place. Otherwise, just hold the hole closed with your fingers as you sew.
Since the hole is pretty small, you probably won’t need to use a sewing pin.
9. **Stitch the seam back together with a whipstitch.** Start at 1 end of the hole and poke your needle through both layers of lining. Bring your needle up and over the seam of the lining, then poke it through again right next to your original hole. Continue stitching this way until the entire hole is closed up.
A whipstitch will hold your lining together more securely than any other stitch.
10. **Tie off the thread and cut off the excess.** Make sure the knot in your thread is secure so your stitches don’t unravel. Use sharp scissors to cut off any excess thread that’s left so it doesn’t tickle you when you put on your jacket.
11. **Iron or steam your jacket to remove the boxy shape.** Read the care instructions on the label of your jacket to make sure it’s safe to use heat on. Then, iron or steam the shoulders of your jacket so they lay flat and don’t stay in a boxy, padded shape.
Jackets without shoulder pads look much more modern and chic. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Shoulder-Pads-Out-of-a-Jacket", "language": "en"} |
How to Reduce Vaginal Discharge | It’s normal for your vagina to produce clear to milky discharge every day as it cleans itself–and it's usually not a cause for concern. Typically, normal discharge won’t smell bad but may have a light scent. If you have excessive vaginal discharge, you may be able to reduce it by making changes to your personal care habits or lifestyle. However, see a doctor if you’re experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge, since abnormal discharge might signal an infection.
1. **Recognize clear or milky discharge as normal and healthy.** Your vagina naturally cleans itself daily by creating discharge. This discharge shouldn't smell bad or be itchy, but you may notice a light scent. Additionally, you may feel wetness. Over the course of your menstrual cycle, your discharge will change in thickness and color. Don't worry if your discharge is clear or milky white with no bad odor.
You might have a lot or a little discharge, both of which are normal.
Your discharge will typically be thicker and stickier around the time you ovulate, which occurs at around 14 days after the first day of your period.
Additionally, your discharge might look thicker and milkier right before your period.
2. **Wash your external vaginal area with mild soap and water only.** Keeping your vaginal area clean will prevent bacterial growth that could cause an infection. However, using the wrong kind of products can trigger excessive discharge. Clean your vaginal area using mild, fragrance free soap and water. Make sure you fully rinse away all of the soap.
You can try feminine washes made especially for your vaginal area. However, make sure that they’re unscented.
Don’t wash inside your vagina because it will unbalance your natural pH and likely increase your discharge. You only need to clean your external area.
3. **Wipe from front to back after using the restroom to prevent infections.** You have bacteria around your anal area that you don’t want to get into your vagina. When bacteria enters your vagina, it can cause an infection that results in abnormal discharge. Fortunately, you can avoid this by always wiping from front to back after you urinate or have a bowel movement.
It’s okay to use moist wipes to clean yourself, but don’t use them if they have a fragrance.
4. **Wear cotton underwear during the day so your vagina can breathe.** When your vaginal area gets hot and sweaty, it’s easier for yeast to grow, which can lead to a yeast infection. Additionally, it may cause your body to naturally produce more discharge to keep your vagina clean. To prevent this, always wear 100% cotton underwear so that your vagina can breathe.
Change your underwear at least once a day so that they’re clean.
5. **Remove your underwear at night so your vagina stays dry.** Letting air circulate around your vaginal area will keep your vagina dry, which can help prevent bacterial or yeast growth that can cause abnormal discharge. Before you go to bed, remove your pajama bottoms and underwear. This can prevent sweat and moisture from upsetting your vagina’s natural balance.
It’s okay to wear underwear if you’re on your period and feel more comfortable wearing a back-up pad.
6. **Avoid wearing tight clothing because it may increase your discharge.** Tight clothing traps sweat and moisture, which become a breeding ground for yeast and bacteria. This can lead to abnormal or excessive vaginal discharge. Fortunately, you can easily prevent this by wearing clothes that are loose and breathable.
For instance, wear pants that don’t fit too tightly or opt for a flowy skirt.
Clothing like tights, pantyhose, tight pants, swimsuits, leotards, and bicycle shorts can trigger excessive discharge because they don’t let your vaginal area breathe.
7. **Wear a panty liner if your discharge is bothering you.** It’s totally normal for some women to naturally produce a lot of discharge. If you continue to have excess discharge, a panty liner can help you keep your underwear clean. Choose a thin panty liner so you won’t notice it. Then, change your panty liner whenever you want to feel fresh.
You may only need to wear a panty liner during certain times in your cycle. For instance, it’s normal for your vagina to produce more discharge around the middle of your menstrual cycle when you ovulate.
8. **Avoid using douches and scented personal products on your vagina.** While you might have heard that douches clean your vagina, they can actually cause problems. Your vagina cleans itself naturally and is supposed to have a mild scent. Interrupting your body's natural cycle will likely increase your vaginal discharge, so don’t use any personal care products inside your vagina, including douches.
Similarly, washes that contain fragrances to cover your natural smell may trigger unwanted discharge and irritation.
If you feel like you need a douche, talk to your doctor about your concerns.
9. **Switch to a fragrance-free laundry detergent if scents bother you.** In some cases, the laundry detergent you use to wash your undergarments can cause skin irritation. If the skin around your vagina gets irritated, you might have excess discharge. Fortunately, you can easily prevent this by changing to an unscented detergent.
Read the label on your detergent to find out if it has a fragrance. Some detergents are even labeled as “fragrance free.”
You might consider using a detergent that’s specifically made for delicates to wash your undergarments.
10. **Use another form of birth control if spermicides cause your discharge.** While many women can use spermicides with no issue, you may find that they irritate your vagina. It’s even possible that your spermicide is causing your excess discharge. To be sure, talk to your doctor about it. If they think your spermicide may be a problem, ask them about other birth control options.
You may need to try multiple forms of birth control before you find one that works for you.
11. **Avoid hot tubs because they can upset your vagina’s pH.** When your natural pH is altered, your vagina will naturally produce more discharge. While hot tubs can be relaxing, they are also warm, moist, and may contain bacteria. It’s best to skip the hot soak if you’re worried about vaginal discharge.
12. **Talk to your doctor if a medication or illness may be the cause.** Sometimes excessive discharge is caused by the medication you’re taking, the personal care products you’re using, or an illness that you have. If you have excessive discharge and can’t figure out why, ask your doctor to help you figure out the cause. Here are some possible causes of abnormal vaginal discharge:
Douching
Antibiotics
Birth control pills
Diabetes
Certain infections
Pregnancy
Stress
Scented feminine care products
13. **Get treatment for a yeast infection if you have clumpy, white discharge.** White discharge that looks like cottage cheese is a sign of a yeast infection. Typically, you’ll also have itching, swelling, and pain around your vulva if you have a yeast infection. Additionally, sexual intercourse may be painful or uncomfortable. If you have these symptoms, talk to your doctor to find out if you have a yeast infection.
Your doctor can prescribe a short course of treatment for your infection, which will be a cream, suppository, or pill. Take your prescription exactly as directed, and you should feel better in 2-3 days.
You may be able to use an over-the-counter yeast infection treatment. However, it’s best to get an official diagnosis first.
14. **See your doctor if you may have bacterial vaginosis.** When bacteria grows excessively in your vagina, you might develop bacterial vaginosis. It causes inflammation around your vagina, as well as an odorous discharge. To recover, you’ll need to get a prescription medication from your doctor. Visit your doctor if you have the following symptoms:
White, gray, or yellow vaginal discharge
Fishy odor, especially after sex or bathing
Itching
Burning
Redness and swelling around your vagina or vulva
15. **Get checked for trichomoniasis if you have bubbly discharge and odor.** Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that requires medical treatment. Fortunately, your doctor can treat it with a short-course of antibiotics. See your doctor if you have the following symptoms:
Bubbly discharge that is watery, yellowish, or greenish
An unpleasant odor
Pain and itching during urination
16. **Talk to your doctor if you’re worried might have an STI.** Sometimes abnormal discharge can be caused by an STI. While you don’t need to worry, you’ll need to get treatment to help you feel better. See your doctor to get an examination and find out if an STI may be causing your abnormal discharge.For instance, yellow discharge might be a sign of gonorrhea. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Reduce-Vaginal-Discharge", "language": "en"} |
How to Improve Math Skills | There’s no doubt about it: math is tough. As a result, a lot of kids (and adults!) struggle with math at some point in their lives. By building up your skills and practicing every day, you can make math a little less frustrating and have a higher chance of success. Use these tips and tricks during school, while you’re studying, and when you’re out and about to break down and complete math problems easily.
1. **Build up your skills while having some fun!** Look for online games that match your age and education level for the best experience. You can get computer games online or download apps on your phone to play games on the go. Try sites like:
DragonBox 5+ which lets you gradually build your algebra skills until you’re able to master more and more advanced equations.
Prodigy, a game targeted at elementary-school students, that integrates math practice into a role-playing game that allows players to use math to make their way through an appealing fantasy world.
Polyup, a calculator-based math game for more advanced high school and college students.
2. **Make math part of your daily life to practice it without even thinking.** For example, if a sweater that’s regularly $38 is on sale for 30% off, what is the sale price? ($26.60). Or if you need to double a recipe that calls for 3/4 cup of flour, how much flour will you need? (1.5 cups).
Or, if you plan to hike a new trail that’s 7 miles long and it takes you 20 minutes to walk a mile, how long should you plan for your hike to take? (2 hours and 36 minutes).
3. **Doing math in your head can help you remember key concepts.** Some problems, like geometry or calculus, require a pencil and paper to get started; however, math basics like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are ones you can do in your head. If you come across an easy problem, do it in your mind first before resorting to a calculator.
If you’re worried about your mental math skills, you can always double check your answer on your phone or computer.
4. **Practice makes perfect, and math is no exception.** Set a study schedule for yourself and try to review your math problems for 15 to 20 minutes per day (or more if a test is coming up). Your skills will build up over time with not much effort on your part!
Make note cards. Write out important concepts and formulas on note cards so that you can easily refer to them while doing problems and use them for study guides before exams.
Study in a quiet place. Distractions, whether aural or visual, will detract both from your ability to pay attention and to retain information.
Study when you’re alert and rested. Don’t try to force yourself to study late at night or when you’re sleep-deprived.
5. **Writing it all out can help you spot mistakes.** As you work through a problem, use a pencil to write out what you did and how you did it. Some teachers require you to show your work anyway, so it shouldn’t be too much of a hassle.
Showing your work can also help you check your answers on homework and test problems.
Don’t solve math problems with a pen! Use a pencil so you can erase and correct mistakes if they happen.
6. **Word problems are usually tougher than straight math problems.** If you’re struggling with picturing the problem on the page, grab a pencil and get to drawing. You don’t have to be an artist—make a few circles to represent pies or some stick figures to stand in for people. Use your visuals to help you solve the problem as you work through it.
For example, a problem might say, “If you have 4 pieces of candy split evenly into 2 bags, how many pieces of candy are in each bag?” You could draw 2 squares to represent the bags, then fill in 4 circles split between them to represent the candy.
7. **You can find tons of example problems online.** If you’re going over a concept, look it up and try 2 to 3 problems on your own. Check the answers to figure out if you got them right, and study the concept again if you didn’t.
Your teacher might also be able to give you some extra example problems if you ask for them.
Using example problems is a great way to practice for a test.
Identify which skills and concepts you’ll need to solve the problem. This will give you an overall sense of what you’ll need to do to find the solution.
8. **Sometimes you need a little more explanation to really understand.** If you’re having trouble and you don’t have class for a few days, try looking up a math lesson online. There are tons of resources for math students out there, including:
PatrickJMT on YouTube, a college math professor
Khan Academy, a website with video lessons and interactive study guides
Breaking Math, a podcast for math concepts
9. **In math, each topic builds upon the last one.** It’s super hard to move forward if you don’t understand the previous lesson. If there’s something you aren’t quite getting, spend some extra time studying it or doing homework problems to really cement it into your mind.
If you’re struggling with a particular idea or concept, don’t skip it and move ahead. Instead, seek help from the instructor or a tutor until you’ve mastered the idea.
10. **Learning by teaching someone is a great way to solidify concepts.** Invite a friend or family member over and explain to them what you’re doing and how you’re doing it. If you get stuck, review your notes or textbook again until you can explain it clearly and concisely.
Have your friend or family member ask you questions, too. Try to answer them as best you can to really practice. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Improve-Math-Skills", "language": "en"} |
How to Securely Place a Flower in Your Hair | Putting flowers in your hair is a timeless look that is elegant and unique. It can be challenging to feel confident and enjoy the hairstyle when the flowers keep falling out of place. Preparing the flowers properly and trying different techniques to fasten them in your hair will help prevent them from falling out.
1. **Decide if you want to use real or fake flowers.** Think about how often you want to wear flowers in your hair and how long you want them to last. Using fake flowers is nice because you can reuse them and they are sturdy. Real flowers are more authentic and have a nice smell.
2. **Decide how many flowers you want.** Do you want just one flower or a lot of flowers? A single flower is cute and subtle, whereas a lot of flowers are fun and eccentric. Figuring out how many flowers you want is going to help you determine what flowers you choose.
3. **Choose fake flowers that look real.** You can choose whatever fake flower catches your eye, but if you want a more traditional flower look, choose fake flowers that look real. Pick flowers that don’t have rhinestones, glitter, or unnatural flower colors if you want them to look like real flowers.
4. **Choose real flowers that are sturdy.** You want flowers with strong stems and petals that are not going to wilt. Good flowers to choose are orchards and gardenias. They will stay in your hair better and not look sad and dead part way through the day.
5. **Chill the flowers.** If you opted for real flowers, chill them before you wear them. It sounds unimportant, but chilling your flowers will make them fresher and crisper when you wear them. The night before, place cut flowers in water and refrigerate them overnight.
6. **Cut and paint the stems.** You want the stem of your flower to be about two inches long. This will give it enough length to secure it but not be too long where it will be noticeable. If you have short, thin, or fine hair paint the stem of the flower. Use a color similar to your hair color. This way if the stem shows through it won’t be noticeable. You can use paint or even nail polish to do this.
7. **Replace the stems of fake flowers with bobby pins.** You can remove the stem entirely off of a fake flower and replace it with a bobby pin. Cut the stem off, but not the plastic that connects it to the petals. Take a wide, sharp needle and thread that is a close color to the petals. Stich the thread through the plastic, the round end of the bobby pin, and back through the plastic. Tie the thread so the bobby pin stays secure.
8. **Stick the stem through a bobby pin.** You can cut the stem (of real or fake flowers) to be three centimeters or smaller and slide the stem through the bobby pin. The end of your pin should reach around a millimeter away from the flower itself. You can then pin the bobby pin in your hair to secure it.
9. **Use bobby pins correctly.** Bobby pins go into your hair with the bumpy side down and the flat side up. For extra support, you can stick another bobby pin across the one connected to the flower to make an “X” shape.
10. **Tuck the stem under a hair tie.** You can stick the flower with the stem attached to it into your pony tail. Tuck the stem into the hair tie to keep it secure in your hair. You can do this with a ponytail, bun, braid, or half pony tail.
11. **Place the flowers near your ears.** When your hair is down, the flowers look best tucked near your ears.
If the flowers are too low, they might look too random in your hair.
If the flowers are very high on your head, they will be too noticeable.
12. **Avoid symmetry.** A flower next to each ear will probably not look as good as a flower or two next to one ear. If you put the flower in your ponytail, bun, or updo, don’t put it directly in the center or top. You should place the flower slightly off center or to the side.
13. **Put flowers into an updo.** This is a hairstyle where your hair is up and off of your neck and shoulders in an elegant way. You can make an updo even better by sticking the stems of flowers directly into the updo or securing them with bobby pins.
There are many types of bun, twisted, and braided updos that you can try.
14. **Match your flowers to your outfit.** Wear flowers that match the look you are trying to achieve. Many flowers or a flower crown look great for festival and bohemian styles and a few subtle flowers look best with simple and elegant outfits.
Get clothing with fringe, feathers, and bold geometric or floral patterns for a bohemian or festival style outfit. Wear your hair down or in braids.
If you want something more elegant, pair you subtle flowers with simple prints, formal dresses, and delicate fabric. Wear your hair down and styled or in an updo for this style. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Securely-Place-a-Flower-in-Your-Hair", "language": "en"} |
How to Tie Two Fishing Lines Together | Whether you want to tie a leader to a main line or tie together two lines of different diameters, there are many types of strong knots to choose from. For example, the surgeon’s knot is one of the strongest and best for tying together any two lines when time is of the essence. On the other hand, the double uni knot is even stronger, but is more complex and takes longer to tie. Then there are knots that work particularly well in specific use cases, such as the Albright knot which is great for fly fishing. Learn how to tie a few different knots and you’ll be able to join two lines in almost any scenario!
1. **Place the 2 lines side by side, overlapping by about 6 in (15 cm).** Put the 2 lines running parallel to each other, with the line to the reel and the line to the leader running in opposite directions. Overlap them by approximately 6 in (15 cm) so you will be able to create a loop with both of the lines where they overlap.
The surgeon’s knot can be used to tie together both lines of equal and unequal sizes.
2. **Form a loop with both of the lines.** Grab both of the lines at the right-hand side. Curl them into a loop, crossing back over the top of the lines where they run parallel.
Overlap the loop with the 2 parallel lines enough to tie a double overhand knot. A double overhand knot is just a regular overhand knot, the most basic knot you probably already know how to tie, but with an additional pass through the loop.
3. **Pull both ends of the lines through the loop.** Slide the ends of the loop under the parallel lines and pull them up through the loop to start tying a double overhand knot. This part is just like tying a standard overhand knot.
If you don’t have enough slack to tie an overhand knot, then start over and make a bigger loop.
4. **Wrap the ends around the lines and pull them through the loop again.** Cross the ends of the loop back over and under the 2 lines. Pull the ends up through the loop to make a double overhand knot, leaving the loop loose.
The double overhand knot will look like a little braid at this point.
You can make a third pass through the loop if you want to make what’s called a triple surgeon’s knot.
5. **Pull on all 4 ends of the lines at once to tighten the knot.** Pinch the 2 ends on the left-hand side between the fingers on your left hand and the 2 ends on the right-hand side between the fingers on your right hand. Pull on all the lines simultaneously to cinch the knot closed.
The knot will now look like a tight little “X” shape.
6. **Trim the tag ends of the lines with scissors or line cutters.** The tag ends are the loose ends coming out of the knot. Cut them down as close to the knot as you can to finish tying the lines together.
The surgeon’s knot is very strong for how simple it is to tie. This makes it a great first knot to learn for tying 2 lines together!
7. **Lay the 2 lines parallel so the ends overlap by 6 in (15 cm).** Place the 2 lines so they run parallel with the ends facing in opposite directions. Overlap the ends by at least 6 in (15 cm) to give yourself enough line to tie the knot with.
The double uni knot is a simple and fast way to tie any 2 lines together. It’s a strong and reliable knot that works for all types of fishing line.
8. **Form a loop with the end of 1 of the lines.** Grab the end of the line in your fingertips and circle it back, then up and over the 2 lines where they overlap. Lay the end of the loop across the 2 parallel lines approximately in the middle of where they overlap.
This loop is sometimes referred to as the “uni knot circle.”
9. **Wrap the end of the looped line 6 times through the loop around the 2 lines.** Take the end of the loop you just made and wrap it around both lines where they overlap, pulling the end through the center of the loop. Leave the loop loose while you wrap the lines.
This is what forms the actual knot that keeps the lines together and is often referred to as “tying the uni knot.”
10. **Pull the tag end to cinch the knot closed.** The tag end is the end you used to tie the uni knot. Grab it and pull it firmly until the knot is all the way closed.
You will now have a tightly formed uni knot with 6 stacked coils, like a little spring.
11. **Repeat the process with the end of the other line to make another uni knot.** Form the uni knot circle with the loose end of the overlapped line. Tie the second uni knot, then pull the other tag end of the line to tighten the knot.
You will now have 2 tight uni knots with some space in between them.
12. **Pull both standing ends of the lines apart to bring the knots together.** The standing ends of the lines are the long parts that you didn’t use to tie the knots with. Grab 1 in each hand and pull them in opposite directions to bring your 2 uni knots together into 1 double uni knot.
The double uni knot has a strength rating of about 90% and will hold your lines together in almost all fishing scenarios.
13. **Use scissors or line cutters to snip off the tag ends of the knots.** Cut off the excess line from each uni knot down as close to the first coil as possible. Your lines are now tightly tied together and ready to use!
Make sure that you have pulled the knots together as tightly as you can before you snip off the tag ends.
14. **Make a loop at the end of 1 of the lines.** Use the thicker line if you are joining 2 lines of different diameters. Use either line if you are tying together 2 lines that are the same size.
The Albright knot can be used to tie together lines of the same diameter or unequal lines.
15. **Put the end of the other line through the loop.** Take the end of the other line and pull it through the loop you made. This will be the thinner line if you are tying together unequal lines.
Pinch the loop at the bottom of the loop to keep it together while you work on tying the knot.
16. **Wrap the line 10 times around the loop and itself.** Slide the tip of the line under the loop and start wrapping it around both strands of the looped line and itself. Wrap it tightly around all 3 strands of line until you have made 10 wraps.
There are 3 strands of line to wrap around because you are wrapping the line around itself as well as the other line that you looped.
Remember to always wrap with the thinner line if you are tying together 2 lines of different diameters.
17. **Put the end of the wrapped line back through the loop.** Slide the tip of the wrapped line back down through the loop running parallel to itself. Pull it through the other side and grab both the tag end and standing line between your fingertips.
The tag end is the end you just use to wrap and tie the knot, and the standing line is the long part that you didn’t wrap with.
18. **Pull both ends of the wrapped line to tighten the knot.** Hold the ends of the line you created the loop with in 1 hand and the ends of the line you wrapped with in the other. Pull the ends of the line you wrapped with until the knots is tightened all the way.
If you joined 2 unequal lines, then the ends of the thinner line are what you pull on to tighten the knot.
19. **Clip the tag ends with scissors or line cutters.** Cut each tag end as close to the knot as you can to close the knot. Your 2 lines are now tied together and ready to go fishing.
Remember to double-check that the knot is tightened as far as it will go before clipping the tag ends. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Tie-Two-Fishing-Lines-Together", "language": "en"} |
How to Relax and Be a Better Mother | Being a mother can be a rewarding but stressful experience. Oftentimes, in the busy world of motherhood it's easy to get caught in small details and set backs. Many mothers worry about passing on a stressful mentality to their children. If you want to relax a little to be a better mom, practice regular self care, spend quality time with your kids, and try to develop a sense of perspective.
1. **Practice self care.** If you want to take care of others you need to take care of yourself. Not only do you need the energy gained from good self care habits, remember that your kids look up to you. Model a healthy lifestyle that involves regular self care.
Motherhood is often seen as a game of sacrifice. Mothers are expected to give up certain luxuries and comforts in order to meet their child's needs. Such an approach can actually backfire. Kids will learn to let their own needs go unmet to meet the demands of others. The best way to teach your child to take care of himself is to show him how to do so.
2. **Try deep breathing.** If you're feeling high stress during your busy routine, a regimen of deep breathing can help keep you calm. Practice the following technique if you're having a high stress day.
Breathe in slowly. Try to take air into your stomach rather than your chest. Count to four, holding in the air.
Purse your lips and exhale slowly while counting to four.
Rest for four counts without taking any breaths.
Take two normal breaths and then start the activity over.
3. **Admit when you're stressed.** Many mothers believe admitting to stress is a sign of weakness. This is not the case. It's actually healthier to admit when you're stressed than to try holding it in.Avoid stress during the Christmas season
Many mothers feel guilt if they do not find motherhood to be an entirely blissful endeavor. However, keep in mind all mothers get stressed, and all aspects of life, even positive ones, come with stress attached. Remind yourself that it's okay to admit to being overwhelmed on occasion. Recognizing that these feelings are normal and okay makes experiencing them easier.
If you're having trouble managing your stress, never hesitate to seek professional help. A therapist or counselor can help you better manage anxiety and regulate your moods. You can find a therapist by asking for a referral from your doctor, seeing what's covered by your insurance, or going through your school or employer.
4. **Familiarize yourself with tricks to reduce anxiety.** There are small tricks you can engage in to reduce your anxiety. Throughout the day, keep the following techniques in mind if you need a quick and simple stress reliever.
Close your eyes. If you feel overwhelmed by a situation, and you do not need to be vigilant in the moment, close your eyes for about 30 seconds. Shutting out the world gives you a chance to relax and regroup.
Drink water. Having a glass of cold water can help quell anxiety. The act of drinking and the calm, clear nature of water help many people relax during high stress situations.
Listen to music. Have a few soothing songs ready to go on your iPod or laptop. Making a playlist of relaxing music to have on hand during stressful days can be a great way to relax quickly.
Try to spend time outside. People tend to feel more relaxed if they're not cooped up in a house all day. Just a quick 10 minute walk around the block can help you unwind.
5. **Seek support groups.** Motherhood is difficult and many mothers struggle from time to time. Seeking out support can help you know you're not alone, which can be comforting. There are many online forums where people discuss mothering and parenthood. You might also find a group of moms in your community who meet to talk about their experiences with childcare. Seeking out support and advice from others can help you become the best mom you can be.
6. **Ask for help if you need it.** Caring for yourself is easier said than done. This is especially true if you have very young children and are the primary caregiver in your household. It's okay to ask for help. If you have family in the area, see if your brother or mother can take the kids on an afternoon outing so you can catch up on sleep. If you're co-parenting, ask your partner or spouse to watch the kids for a weekend afternoon.
7. **Tell your kids it's okay to be imperfect.** School and extracurricular activities have become an increasingly competitive arena. Children often have high expectations of themselves. As a mother, reminding your kids it's okay to be imperfect and make mistakes is important.
Understand kids need to be kids. While it's fine to encourage your child to explore his interests in things like sports and arts, remind him it's okay to take a break and relax as well. Tell him his work at school and extracurriculars should be driven by a love of learning and a particular hobby instead of perfection, achievement, and grades.
Allow your child to make mistakes. If your daughter misses a shot at her hockey game, remind her even great athletes play less than perfect games. If your son doesn't end up first chair saxophone, remind him he should play because he loves music and not to be the best. Letting your child make mistakes and learn from them will help them grow and become more confident.
8. **Focus on the positives.** You can model a positive attitude for your child by focusing on the good things in life. Teach your child to adopt a "glass half full" mentality to increase his sense of happiness and security. Focus on your kid's positive attributes and try to look on the bright side of any situation. This will help both you and your kids relax.
9. **Do not compare yourself or your kids to others.** Parenthood can be a surprisingly competitive endeavor. Many parents boast about their children and are constantly holding them to the standards of others their age. Remember, your child is a unique person in his own right. Do not compare him to other kids.
Children move and develop at their own pace and have their own strengths and weaknesses. Your son might still be struggling with basic subtraction but be reading at a high grade level. Your daughter might not remember dates in history class but excel at biology. Remember the old saying, "Everyone is a genius in their own way. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree it'll spend its whole life believing that it's stupid."
Discourage your kids from comparing themselves to others. As they move on in school or get more involved in extracurriculars, they might be tempted to compare themselves to other students who they feel are more successful or advanced. When you catch your kid doing this, remind him that he's special and unique in his own way. Tell him to focus on himself and his own work rather than holding himself to the standards of those around him.
Don't compare yourself to others, either. Children learn by example. If you frequently compare yourself to other mothers and talk about your shortcomings, your kids will learn to compare themselves to others too.
10. **Help your child learn to problem-solve.** Life is full of setbacks and problems. As a mother, you might be tempted to try and fix issues for your child. However, as your kids get older it's more effective to teach guide them through problem-solving techniques so they learn to be more independent. This will reduce both your stress levels.
Listen to your child when he or she explains a problem. Then, slowly try to show him or her how to work through the problem calmly. For example, say your daughter is frustrated that her friend Eve constantly hogs the role of teacher when they play school. Understand why your daughter wants to be the teacher and why she's wary of expressing this to Eve. Then, the two of you can discuss effective communication strategies she could use to talk to Eve about the issue. For example, you could say, "Why don't you ask Eve if you two can take turns playing teacher? Eve might not realize it's important to you if you haven't expressed this to her. Maybe she thinks you prefer to be the student."
By going through problem-solving techniques with your child, and guiding them to the solution rather than outright explaining it, your kids will learn to be more independent. They'll be less reliant on your to help them with small problems throughout the week. They'll also feel more adept at addressing stressors in their lives. This results in less stress for you and your kids.
Remember that your kid may not always want your help. Sometimes he/she may just want someone to listen. This is especially true for teenagers.
11. **Teach your kid about good sleep habits.** One way to keep your household calm is to work on prioritizing sleep. Poor sleep habits can lead to higher stress levels, resulting in tantrums and other outbursts.
Have a regular bedtime. The body runs on a circadian rhythm that adjusts to the sleep cycle we provide. If your kids always go to bed at 9 o'clock, they'll naturally feel tired around that time.
Engage in relaxing bedtime rituals. A story or bath before bed can help your kids wind down and fall asleep easier.
Relaxation techniques before bed can also help. Teach your child about deep breathing. Ask your child to imagine himself somewhere peaceful and calm. Encourage him to imagine the smells, sounds, and sights of a pleasant memory until he nods off and falls asleep.
12. **Encourage healthy self-image attitudes.** You should teach your kids to be healthy and eat right. However, do so in a way that encourages them to be healthy for their own benefits and not to impress anyone else. Teach your kids about what constitutes a balanced diet and how to have fun while being physically active. Discourage them from comparing themselves to others. If you have body image issues yourself, try to work through them with a counselor or therapist. Oftentimes, kids pick up on unhealthy eating and exercising habits from their parents.
13. **Model a healthy lifestyle.** Take regular breaks from work and chores. Stop to eat lunch at midday. Get enough sleep at night. Splurge on a babysitter once in awhile to go see your friends. Many mothers feel guilt at indulging, but you do not need to worry. Your children will not feel neglected or overlooked but will instead come to recognize what a positive, healthy lifestyle resembles.
14. **Let go of small imperfections.** Part of having a solid perspective is to learn to forgive small imperfections. No one can be the perfect mother all the time. Accept that some things will not turn out exactly as imagined.
Sometimes, chores fall to the wayside. You might not get laundry, dishes, and vacuuming done on the exact schedule you desire. Try to let it go. You can always wash dinner dishes in the morning or put in a load of laundry at night.
You might not make it to every event. You might end up missing a family dinner night now and then or skipping out on a meeting for church or PTA. Try not to stress and remind yourself you're doing the best you can.
15. **Reconsider priorities.** Oftentimes, motherhood is stressful because of skewed priorities. Mothers sometimes get caught up in small matters rather than focusing on what's really important.
Finances can be a stressful part of parenting, but try to remember time over money is what matters. You may not be able to afford the same toys a child across the street has, but what really matters is quality one-on-one time with your kids.
Think about how you spend money. Many parents invest in their kids by spending extra money on expensive sports equipment, art supplies, or other things to fuel a child's passions. While it's important to encourage your kids to explore their interests, remember again that time is what matters most of all. Instead of buying a new, better piano for your daughter to practice on, consider paying someone to help out with cleaning. Use the time you would spend on dishes and laundry listening to your daughter play.
16. **Strive for gratitude.** While it can be hard to feel grateful when you're stressed, striving for gratitude can help put things in perspective. Try to be thankful for your family and your children, even when things are hard. This can reduce your stressful level and make for a more harmonious home.
17. **Ask for help.** Many mothers see asking for help as a sign of defeat. Understand this is not the case. It's okay to ask the sitter to stay extra hours or ask your parents if they can take the kids for the afternoon. Being a mom is hard and it's normal and healthy to occasionally reach out to others if you need help, getting help can also teach your kids that's it's ok to ask for help, so your also teaching them a good lesson. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Relax-and-Be-a-Better-Mother", "language": "en"} |
How to Unclog Your Ears After a Cold | Common colds are super annoying, and the stuffy nose and clogged sinuses are an added aggravation. If you are getting over a cold, your ears may still feel stuffed up or full. To unclog your ears, try swallowing and yawning deeply, inhaling steam, taking a hot shower, or chewing gum to get rid of mucus buildup in your ears. Or, use olive oil or a warm washcloth to warm up earwax that is clogging your ears. If these at-home remedies don’t work, visit your doctor for a nasal spray or an antibiotic.
1. **Swallow deeply, yawn, or chew gum to open up your eustachian tubes.** Your eustachian tubes run between your inner ear and your nose. When these get clogged from a cold, a feeling of discomfort or fullness in your ears can continue even after you get better. Try taking a few deep swallows, yawning as wide as you can, and chewing gum to open up these tubes.
You can also use this trick on planes when your ears feel full.
2. **Take a deep breath and pinch your nostrils shut while breathing out.** Breathe in deeply enough to fill up your lungs. Pinch your nose shut tightly and slowly breathe out through your nose. This will create pressure in your eustachian tubes. Wait for a slight “pop” sound to know your ears are unclogged.
If this technique doesn’t unclog your ears entirely, try it 1 to 2 more times.
3. **Inhale steam in the shower.** Turn on the hot water in your shower and let it run for 5 to 10 minutes until your bathroom fills up with steam. Breathe the steam in deeply to loosen the mucus in your sinuses and unclog your ears.
Breathing in steam may cause your nose to run. Keep some tissues nearby just in case.
4. **Run a cool mist vaporizer or humidifier to add moisture to the air.** Place the humidifier in your bedroom and run it while you sleep at night. You can also run the humidifier in a common area of your home during the day to help add moisture to the air. This may help to ease the congestion in your sinuses.
Make sure to keep the humidifier clean and change the filter regularly to prevent bacteria and mold from forming.
5. **Administer saline nasal drops or use a saline nasal spray.** These are available in drug and grocery stores without a prescription. Administer 1-2 drops or sprays per nostril, wait about 5-10 minutes, and then blow your nose. Check the label for additional instructions on how to use the product. The solution can help to clean congestion from your sinuses, which may help to unclog your ears.
If you are using saline drops on an infant, make sure to gently suction the mucus out of their nostrils with a bulb syringe after administering the drops. Squeeze the bulb and insert the tip about ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) into the nostril, then slowly release the bulb to suction out the mucus. Repeat for the other side.
6. **Gargle with saltwater to soothe a sore throat and ease congestion.** Add 1/2 teaspoon (2.5 g) of salt to 8 fl oz (240 mL) of warm water and stir until the salt is fully dissolved in the water. Then, gargle a mouthful of the warm saltwater in the back of your throat for about 15-30 seconds. Repeat until the water is gone.
Although usually recommended for soothing a sore throat, your throat and ears are connected by the eustachian tubes, so the warm water in your throat may help to loosen mucus in your ears as well.
7. **Hold a washcloth with warm water against your ears for 5 to 10 minutes.** Run a clean washcloth underneath warm water. Wring out any excess water and hold it over each of your ears one at a time. This will help loosen any earwax that may be lodged in your ears.
You can also use a hot water bottle instead of a washcloth.
8. **Put a drop of olive or mineral oil into your ear and let it drip out.** Pour a small drop of olive oil into a spoon and place it next to your ear canal. Tip your head to the side and let the olive oil slide down your ear. Wait for about 30 seconds to give the oil time to soften your earwax. Turn your head over so that your ear is facing the floor and let the olive oil and wax drain out into a tissue. Repeat this for your other ear.
Make sure you drain all of the oil out of your ear so that it doesn’t harm your ear canal.
9. **Visit a doctor to have them remove your earwax.** In some cases, your clogged ears might be caused by wax rather than mucus in your sinuses. Make an appointment with your doctor to have them remove your earwax with a long, curved tool called a curette.
10. **Avoid using cotton swabs to clean out your ears.** Although they may seem like helpful tools, cotton swabs actually push your earwax back into your inner ear. If your ears are clogged with earwax and you clean them regularly, it could be because you are pushing the wax back into your ears.
Never stick long, pointed objects into your ears. You could damage your eardrums accidentally.
11. **Take guaifenesin to thin out mucus in your ears.** Try taking 400 mg of guaifenesin 3 times daily or about once every 4 hours during the day. Take each dose of the medicine with a full glass of water. Check the label on the medication for additional dosing instructions and precautions.
Avoid taking medications that combine guaifenesin and decongestants without asking your doctor first. These drugs may be contraindicated for some people, such as those with heart disease or high blood pressure.
12. **Use a nasal decongestant to get rid of mucus.** If you just got over your cold, you may have some leftover mucus in your sinuses that is causing your clogged ears. Spray an over-the-counter nasal spray, such as Afrin, up into your sinuses through your nose to get rid of any snot.
Do not use nasal sprays for more than 3 days straight. Your sinuses can start to swell in reaction to the nasal spray if you use it for too long.
13. **Apply a topical nasal steroid if you have allergies.** Common colds and allergies can be hard to distinguish from each other. If you have a history of allergies and your ears are still clogged, talk to your doctor about a nasal steroid. This can help to reduce the swelling in your sinuses and unclog your ears.
Do not use nasal steroids unless they were prescribed to you by your doctor.
Keep in mind that it can take up to 1 week for a nasal steroid to take effect.
14. **Take antibiotics if they were prescribed to you.** Common colds can sometimes develop into sinus or ear infections. If you have been dealing with clogged ears for more than 10 days, schedule an appointment with your doctor to talk about potential infections in your sinuses.
15. **Seek ventilation tubes from a doctor if your clog is severe.** In some cases, your eustachian tubes may be clogged severely and your doctor might have to surgically insert a tube into your ears to relieve pressure and drain any fluid. Try at-home remedies first and then talk to your doctor if your ears still feel clogged after more than 3 weeks.
You will probably only need this procedure done if your ears have been clogged dozens of times throughout your life. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Unclog-Your-Ears-After-a-Cold", "language": "en"} |
How to Be Fun at Parties | Even though parties are supposed to fun, they can sometimes feel tedious or overwhelming. Luckily, there are things you can do to make yourself be more fun at a party. It starts by getting yourself mentally and physically ready for a party. Once you get yourself to the party, have fun by interacting with other people and participating (or even initiating) fun party activities. Most importantly, be yourself, relax, and have fun!
1. **Psych yourself up** Put on some music while you get ready and start to put yourself in a party mood. Parties are meant to be fun, so you need to make sure you’ve got the right mindset. Don’t focus on the negatives or any nervousness that you may have. Instead, think about all the fun you’re going to have!
Play some energetic music to pump yourself up!
Dance around a bit to get your heart rate up and get excited about the party.
2. **Pick out a fun and cute outfit to wear.** It is a party, after all! Choose an outfit that looks good and makes you feel good wearing it. You’ll be much more confident and fun if you feel good about your appearance.
Consider getting a new outfit for the party. Buying and wearing a brand new outfit would boost your confidence.
If you’re not sure if your outfit looks good, take a picture and send it to a friend to see what they think.
3. **Get everything that you need ready to go ahead of time.** Avoid scrambling to find everything just before you head out for the party by organizing all of your necessities. Save yourself from panicking by packing your keys, phone, wallet, cash, purse, or anything else that you need to bring with you.
Get them all ready to go before you get dressed, that way, you can focus on getting yourself ready.
Make sure you have enough money to get home or get food if you need it later in the night.
Try to pack lightly so you don’t have to keep track of a lot of things at the party.
4. **Get cleaned up for the party.** Practice good hygiene and get yourself feeling squeaky clean, fresh, and confident. Take a nice hot shower, brush your teeth, and fix your hair before you head out to the party. Nobody wants to party with someone who’s dirty and smelly!
Try a new hairstyle to make yourself appear more fun!
Put on some cologne or perfume so you smell nice.
Consider shaving for the party.
5. **Practice talking to people in front of a mirror.** Make yourself feel more confident going to the party by simulating conversations that you think will take place. Watching yourself in a mirror allows you to see how you look when you talk, smile, and react to what other people are saying.
Try laughing so you can make sure you don’t look silly or dorky.
For example, you can try saying a few sample conversational lines like, “Hi! My name is (Your Name), what’s yours?” or “Nice party! How do you know (Party Host’s Name)?”
Pay attention to how you look when you smile and how you hold your hands when you gesture.
6. **Touch base with friends who are going to the party.** A party is much more fun if you have friends there with you. It can help settle your nerves and get you excited to have fun at the party if you talk to some of your friends who will be there.
Ask your friends what they plan to wear so you can coordinate outfits together.
7. **Try to calm your nerves so you can engage people.** In order for you to be fun at a party, you need to be having fun at a party. If you’re a nervous wreck, you won’t want to talk to other people or participate in any of the activities of the party. Take a moment to calm your nerves before you start to interact with people at the party.
Take some deep breaths if you start to feel anxious.
Focus your thoughts on the present and the positive aspects of being at a fun party.
Consider getting a drink to loosen up.
8. **Put your phone away when you get to the party.** You need to keep your phone on you in case someone is trying to contact you, but you don’t want to be glued to it and miss out on the party. People will also think that you’re disinterested and aren’t any fun. When you arrive, put your phone in your pocket or purse so you can have fun at the party.
Turn your ringer on loud so you can hear your phone.
Set your phone to vibrate if you don’t want your ringer to go off during the party and embarrass you.
9. **Make eye contact** Give people your full attention when they’re talking to you so they know you’re listening to them. If you’re constantly looking around the party while someone is answering you, then they’ll think that you’re rude and you don’t care about what they have to say.
People will think that you’re more fun if they feel like you like them and value their opinions.
10. **Tell jokes** Jokes are an easy way to break the ice and get people comfortable around you. People will have more fun if they’re relaxed and loose. Don’t be afraid to make jokes at your own expense, either. It shows people that you’re silly and fun.
Try making cheesy impressions of people at the party, but don’t tease people too much or hurt their feelings.
Tell the corniest joke or most awful pun that you know.
11. **Ask people questions about themselves.** People love to talk about themselves, so an easy way to get them talking to and having fun with you is to simply let them do it. Whether you’re on the dance floor, next to the chips and dip, or even away from the music, asking someone at the party about their life and what they like to do for fun is a surefire way to make yourself fun.
You can start with basic questions like, “So, what do you do for a living?” That will usually get the ball rolling and allows you to ask follow-up questions.
If a song is playing, ask them if they know the song or like the music. Even if they don’t like it, it gets a conversation started.
Try asking something personal and specific like, “What is your biggest fear?” People may get a kick out an engaging question as opposed to the small talk that often occurs at parties.
12. **Move around the party to talk to more people.** Visit all of the different spaces of the party and talk to the different people and groups of people. If you stand in one spot or section of the party, you’ll limit the people you meet and the fun that you have.
People will remember you if you work your way around the party to have fun with them.
Ignore the impulse to stay in one spot with familiar people and get out of your comfort zone to have a little fun!
13. **Try not to drink too much.** It’s a party, you should have fun, but be sure to drink in moderation. Alcohol is a great way to loosen people up and have fun, but nobody likes a sloppy drunk person at a party. Be sure to drink plenty of water in addition to any alcohol that you consume.
14. **Challenge someone to a dance-off.** If you hear a song that you like or is popular, ask the people around you to dance. People may be hesitant at first, but if you get really into it and are having fun, they will want to join you. Don’t be afraid to take the first step!
Choose a song that has choreography that many people know. For example, you can play “La Macarena” by Los Del Rio or “Footloose” and have people do the movements. If they don’t know them, you can teach them!
15. **Play a drinking game.** Many parties will have alcoholic drinks being served so you can kick the party up a notch by initiating a drinking game. People will quickly loosen up and have fun once they start playing and drinking.
Start up a game of beer pong. Even if you don’t have a super long table, you can still have some fun and a little friendly competition.
Use a deck of cards to play king’s cup with a bunch of players.
Make up your own drinking game. For example, if there’s a movie playing, make up a game related to the movie. You could have everyone drink whenever there’s a close-up shot or a kiss.
16. **Initiate a party game and try to get people to play.** If you spot a game of Twister on the shelf or you see a video game console set up, ask people to play a game with you. The host of the party may have set up some fun party games to play, so take advantage of them and be the life of the party by getting people to participate.
Try a classic game like charades if you don’t have any gaming supplies.
Play “Never Have I Ever.” One person says something that they haven’t done, and if the other players have done it, they have to take a sip of their drink. For example, you could say, “Never have I ever kissed a fish.” If someone else has, then they have to drink!
If people are hesitant at first, no problem! Just start playing around and when people see how much fun you’re having, they’ll join in!
17. **Do a party trick that you know.** If you have some weird or interesting skill or ability, use it to impress or get a laugh from people at the party. Party tricks can be cheesy, but that’s kind of the point. Have fun and show people any weird ability or silly trick that you know.
Try a card trick to impress people.
Do some simple magic tricks to wow and intrigue people at the party.
For example, if you can curl or roll your tongue, ask people if they can do it and then show them how you can!
18. **Bring snacks for people to eat.** Everyone loves food, so bringing some tasty snacks is a great way for you be fun and engage people. Put out your snacks when you arrive and while you’re at the party talking to new people, ask them if they’ve tried the snacks yet. Then tell them you made or brought them!
Make a cheese or a spinach dip to bring with you. Tell people they should try it!
Bring some healthy snacks for people to eat as well.
Try making a vegan queso dip to give people a vegan option. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Be-Fun-at-Parties", "language": "en"} |
How to Treat Amebiasis | Research suggests that although it may cause a variety of symptoms, amebiasis often triggers severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Amebiasis is a parasitic infection that's caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. The infection is most common in tropical areas and typically spreads when you accidentally put something in your mouth that's been contaminated with infected feces. Experts say that only 10 to 20% of people who are infected with amebiasis show symptoms, which typically include loose stool, abdominal pain, and stomach cramps. While these symptoms can feel scary, your doctor can give you treatment to help you recover.
1. **Consult your doctor if you have travelled to an endemic area and suspect you may have it.** Amebiasis is a common health problem in Africa, Mexico, India, and parts of South America. Up to 90% of cases do not show active symptoms. This means you may not even be aware you have it. So it is always best to seek a professional opinion when in doubt.
If you suspect you may have amebiasis, your doctor can perform blood tests or stool tests to determine whether or not you have the disease.
2. **Know the symptoms of amebiasis, when they are present.** These include:
fever and/or chills
bloody or mucoid diarrhea
abdominal discomfort
alternating diarrhea with constipation.
3. **Obtain treatment promptly if you have been diagnosed with amebiasis.** Amebiasis often resolves on its own; however, treatment can speed recovery and also prevent complications.
Complications can include severe and debilitating bowel troubles, as well as extra-intestinal disease, which means that the parasite invaded the lining of your colon and infected other areas of your body.
The most common location for extra-intestinal disease is in the liver, which always requires medical treatment, and sometimes surgery as well.
If you suspect you have amebiasis, or have been diagnosed with it, it is always best to seek the professional advice of your doctor on how best to proceed with treatment.
4. **Ask your doctor for medications.** Even if you do not have active symptoms of the infection, treatment is helpful both as a means to prevent potential complications and a way to ensure public safety. And of course, anyone with active symptoms is always treated.
Medications for treatment include: paromomycin, iodoquinol, and diloxanide furoate among others. Ask your doctor about these options.
Understand that more intense medications are required for an infection that has spread to other parts of the body (such as the liver). In cases that have spread to the liver, metronidazole is the most common medication used. It is an antibiotic, but it works very well against this parasitic infection as well.
5. **Monitor diarrhea and fluid loss.** If you are having a lot of diarrhea as part of the symptomatology, it is likely that you are losing fluids and potentially becoming dehydrated.
In cases such as these, always consult your doctor. You may need to be hospitalized to receive IV fluids, as fluid loss from diarrhea can be quite severe.
6. **Be aware that medical treatments, in some cases, are insufficient.** There are times (such as with severe bowel symptoms or extra-intestinal disease) when surgical procedures are needed.
If your symptoms are not improving after a trial of medication, speak to your doctor about other medications you can try, and/or whether surgery may be needed in your case.
7. **Listen to your doctor's advice if he or she recommends surgery.** Times when surgery would be needed include any of the following:
uncontrollable and debilitating bowel symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and/or constipation
excessive bleeding from your digestive tract
spread of the infection to other areas of your body.
8. **Get your liver treated (via medication or needle drainage) if needed.** Since the liver is the most common extra-intestinal organ to be infected, it sometimes needs special treatment.
Small liver infections can often be treated with medication alone.
In more severe cases, however, your doctor will likely use a needle (with ultrasound guidance) to remove the infection from your liver.
9. **Have your colon assessed.** Sometimes, severe bowel symptoms (bowel inflammation and/or consistent diarrhea or constipation) are unable to be treated with medications alone. In more serious cases, a portion of damaged colon may need to be surgically removed.
If your colon has been "broken open" (the medical word for this is "perforated"), this will also require surgical repair.
Follow the advice of your doctor as to when surgery is needed.
10. **Be aware of "bacterial superinfection."** As your body's immune system is busy fighting off the parasite that has led to amebiasis, other bacteria may have the chance to infect you simultaneously.
In cases such as these, your doctor may give you more powerful antibiotic treatment to eliminate any additional infections that have occurred at the same time.
11. **Listen to your doctor's suggestions on prevention.** Prevention is a key part of treatment for a number of reasons.
First, you want to prevent the infection being passed on to any of your family members or friends. It is also a public health concern to ensure that appropriate infection precautions are taken.
Second, you do not become immune to amebiasis so it is important to protect yourself from acquiring the infection again.
12. **Use preventative measures when travelling to endemic areas (where the disease is common).** These include:
Safe sexual practices - avoid sexual activities with people who may be infected as this increases the chances of catching it yourself.
Appropriate water treatment - always use bottled water, or boil or filter your water prior to drinking to avoid contamination.
Safe food choices - avoid raw fruits and vegetables, and try to eat cooked foods or fruits you can peel to avoid contamination. Non-pasteurized milk, cheese and other dairy products should also be avoided.
If you do eat raw vegetables, soak them in vinegar for 10-15 minutes prior to eating them.
Street vendor foods, which are common in developing countries and are not evaluated for health practices, should also be avoided.
Proper hand washing is also important while abroad and at home.
13. **Follow-up with your doctor after treatment.** It is important to follow-up and get your stool tested to ensure that the amebiasis infection has been eradicated from your body.
Careful follow-up ensures that you are fully healthy, and also that others will not catch it from you. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Amebiasis", "language": "en"} |
How to Watch Football (Soccer) | Soccer is "The World's Game," and the Men's World Cup is the most watched program on earth. Yet, despite these accolades, many people still find it very difficult to watch and enjoy soccer. Part of this stems from a lack of understanding, and partly this is from the perceived "uneventful" nature of soccer compared to other sports. That said, "the beautiful game" is accessible to everyone, and the drama, intrigue, and excitement doesn't just come from goals. You just need to know where to look for it.
1. **Understand the basic structure of the game.** Soccer is a relatively simple game, rules wise. The objective is to score more goals than the other team by putting the ball in their net. Each team has 11 players working together to move the ball and defend against attacks, but they cannot use their arms or hands to do so. The key rules to know include:
Each team has one goalie, who is allowed to use his/her hands to defend their goal, but only in the boxes around their goal.
A goal is scored when the entire ball crosses the entire goal line and is within the frame of the goal.
While light contact is accepted, a team of 3 referees is on the field to enforce the rules and make sure the players are attempting to attack the ball, not the other team.
2. **Know that the clock counts up to 90 minutes, not down to zero.** One of the first things that confuses new soccer watchers is the clock. Unlike most other sports, the clock doesn't count down to zero, it counts up to 90:00. The game is broken into two even 45-minute halves with a 10-15 minute break in the middle. The clock also never stops, and the game only ends with the referee blows the final whistle (usually 2-3 times in a row).
This is so the game doesn't stop unexpectedly. Soccer is all about flow, and if the clock was being constantly stopped, started, and checked like in football/basketball then the game would take forever.
The game doesn't stop right at the 45' or 90' mark. Rather, the referee adds "stoppage time" to account for when the ball was out of bounds, a goal was scored, subs were made, etc. This means the actual game might stop at the 93-minute mark. Most TV broadcasts will show you how many extra minutes are being added in the corner of the screen as halftime or the end approaches.
3. **Know the parts of the soccer field.** A soccer pitch is a simple rectangle. There are a few extra marks, but the essential ones are all intuitive and easy to read.
is where play begins. The ball is placed in the center middle of the field and the starting team gets to pass it. The other team cannot enter the circle until the ball has been touched.
Also known as the penalty box or the 18-yard box, this is the rectangle on either end of the field in front of the goals. The goalie can only use their hands in this area.
are the long sides of the field. If the ball crosses over this line completely than the last team to touch the ball gives it to the other team for a throw-in.
The two end lines of the field. If the ball crosses this line and is within the fame of the goal, it is a goal. If it crosses the line, but not in the goal, then it is a goal kick or corner kick, depending on who touched the ball last.
4. **Learn how to judge what is and is not a foul.** A foul is when a player makes illegal contact with another player on the other team by hitting, tripping, or kicking them. However, there is a lot of physical contact that is never called. Figuring out what is a foul and what isn't is one of the most difficult exercises in soccer, because there are few clear cut "infractions" to call like in football or basketball. The best way to remember a foul is to ask yourself -- did the player "play the ball," meaning did they make contact with the ball, or did they "play the player," by pushing/hitting/tripping the other player to win possession? FIFA defines the type of fouls as:
Kicking, or attempting to kick, the other player.
Tripping, or attempting
Jumping/charging at someone
Striking, or attempting
Punching, or attempting
Tackling
Spitting
Holding.
Handling the ball.
5. **Understand the offside rule.** This rule gives a lot of people consternation, but it is actually pretty straightforward. It simply states that a player cannot receive the ball from a teammate if they are behind the last defender. It is easiest to see with an example--
USA Attacker Alex Morgan runs past the defender, leaving just her and the goalie between herself and the goal.
Alex's teammate Megan Rapinoe who is in front of the defender Alex just ran by, passes Alex the ball. and the referee blows the whistle to stop the game.
This rule is only complicated because of the speed of play, and several important tweaks to the rule. Still, they are straightforward:
If Alex not offside.
If Megan passes the ball, and not offside.' What matters is where she is when the ball is passed, not where she gets it.
If Alex and Megan are then they
You if you get the ball before anyone else touches it. You cannot be offside if the other team passes or shoots the ball.
6. **Know that most infractions are restarted with a free kick.** If there is a foul or someone is offside, then play is restarted by a free kick awarded to the opposite team. No person on the other team can be within 10 yards of the ball before it is kicked, at which point normal play resumes.
If the ball goes out over the sides of the field it is restarted by a throw-in, which must be done with both hands, over the head.
If an attacker misses the goal and it crosses the end line, the goalie gets a free kick from their goal. If a defender kicks the ball out over their own end line the offensive team gets a free kick from the corner of the field.
7. **Understand the yellow and red cards are given for serious fouls/infractions.** A yellow card is basically a warning, telling the player that their foul was careless, reckless, or excessive. A red card is far more serious, as it means the player is immediately ejected from the game and their team is forced to play with one less player for the rest of the game.
Two yellow cards in the same game, for the same player, always leads to an automatic red card.
Some infractions, like violent play, intentionally fouling or using your hand to stop and obvious goal, and swearing or threatening the referee, are automatic red cards.
8. **Revel in the flow of the game, not the goals.** Soccer is not high-scoring, but that doesn't mean it isn't exciting. Soccer is about flow, the give and take between teams as they try to figure each other out and attack weak spots while simultaneously defending their own. Soccer is much more about tension and rapid, sudden changes of pace and momentum then constant scoring. Goals are incredibly difficult to score, making each one a huge, special moment many minutes in the making.
Consider goals the culmination of a long attack -- like a battle being fought and contested in the trenches before one side makes big, successful push.
The more you understand about soccer, the more enjoyable it becomes beyond just flashy goals. Soccer is too organic, creative, and fluid to be broken down into individual plays.
9. **Pay attention to the individual match-ups on the field.** A soccer game consists of hundreds of small challenges and individual battles. It could be a wing player attempting to slice and dice a defender or a striker jockeying to win a header in the box. These individual battles, more often than not, determine the entire game. An attacker, for example, could be barely getting by his defender before getting tackled. But if you notice him/her getting more and more shots off as the game continues, you can tell he's beginning to get the upper hand. All it takes is one goal for the battle, and the game, to be decided.
10. **Understand the roles and freedoms of each position.** How do the individual players move, attack, and defend to aid their team. What are they doing when they don't have the ball? This is where games are won and lost, because all 11 players need to be working together no matter where the ball is.
Do they give the other team space, or follow them everywhere? Do they stay close to home, or do they roam up on attack? A fast and attacking defender like Philip Lahm or DeAndre Yedlin is often the most exciting player on the field, winning a tackle and then taking the ball right back up the field on an attack. Weaker teams or defenders give the offense lots of time and space, waiting for a 2nd defender to join them instead of attacking on their own.
What do the players in the middle of the field do? This is where the tempo of the game is dictated, and they are the most important tactical players on the field. Are they going out wide or backward a lot? If so, they're likely probing for holes in the defense, sitting back and waiting for chances. Midfielders that dribble, attack, and pass forward a lot are trying to push the team forward for a goal, exposing their defenses by pressuring the other team to respond quickly to their attacks.
Are they checking backward often, getting the ball and passing it quickly? Are they holding far up the field, using size and speed to get the ball, turn and shoot? Are they running onto passes often then putting moves and tricks on defenders to win space? An attacker is there to create havoc for the defenders, even when they don't have the ball, and these match-ups are often the most crucial.
11. **Note how teams create and erase space.** Managing the field on the fly is the secret weapon of a good soccer team. Passing is not always used directly to attack the goal. Rather, it is used to force the other team to move, shift, and adapt, potentially making a mistake and leaving a hole open. The basic tenet of soccer tactics is manipulating the other team to give you space in front of the goal for a shot when you're attacking, or closing down space so that they other team can't move forward when playing defense.
Notice how many balls are played to players on the run. This is because they are running into open space. They need to get the ball before a defender joins them and closes down the opening.
Is a team "bunkering in" by placing all of their defenders near their goal? This is used to prevent goals, especially if they have a lead. It can, however, lead to lots of free shots from farther out which will crack the facade of a defending team.
Watch the defense of a great team, like Italy, to see how a team masterfully controls space. You'll notice that they move as one consistent line, eliminating pockets of space in front of and behind them as a unit.
12. **Check the team's formations.** Much like defensive patterns in football, soccer teams have general patterns for their players that greatly impact their style of play. Formations are always written from the back upwards, excluding the goalkeeper. So a 4-4-2 would mean there are 4 defenders, 4 midfielders, and 2 attackers/strikers.
The "classic" formation, a 4-4-2 is a solid, well-rounded strategy that has been used for decades. That said, it lacks in creativity and is often used for defensive or counterattack-oriented teams.
A team's formation says a lot about their strategy going forward. Do they have 1 striker and a big midfield? If so, they're likely looking to control the center of the field and run players up into space on the wings. Are they sitting back with 5 defenders? Where players are placed tells you how the team wants to attack and defend.
13. **Note a team's style.** Your appreciation of soccer will shoot up incredibly once you notice not only what teams or players are doing, but why. How do the tactics, match-ups, and pace of play come together in a good team? How are they attacking (along the sides of the field a lot, through the middle, by hitting big huge crosses up the field?) and how successful are they? Do all of their passes go through one player, or is everyone on the field touching the ball?
It can help to watch how the best teams in the world play a cohesive, recognizable game. Brazil is known for flash, talent, and speed. Italy is known for slower play and stalwart defense. The USA is a quick, counterattacking team that tries to make the most of its limited chances against better teams with lightening-fast attacks.
If you watch a lot of American sports, think about each attack like a play in football. Whereas a one football team might focus on the passing game to be effective and another the running, a soccer team might rely on the wings (sides) to attack defenders and put crosses into the box or a few big players to muscle out and attack up the middle. The only difference is that soccer plays are fluid and organic, not chosen ever 15 seconds, so strategies are constantly evolving.
14. **Revel in the theater and drama of a great game.** They are beautiful contests marked by near misses, technical brilliance, passionate players, and non-stop, commercial free push and pull. Tactics and substitutions are dissected with chess-like precision, good teams fail to find the goal when they should have 5 goals already, and underdogs can sneak a goal in even after 85 minutes of constant pressure. Soccer is about 2-3 large climaxes in the midst of an intense game, not constant scoring, and is best enjoyed as such.
15. **Go to a game in person.** The best way to catch the soccer bug is to be in the stands. You can feel the collective rise and falls of emotion from your fellow fans, see both team's tactic happening across the entire team, and you'll learn a few colorful chants in the process. Like most sports, soccer is best enjoyed in person, when you can really get swept up into the game.
16. **Watch soccer year round by switching between many different leagues and tournaments.** Soccer is on year-round, as there are so many different leagues, tournaments, and teams across the world that you can almost always be sure of finding a game. While the availability of certain games depends on where you live and your TV provider, following your favorite teams is getting easier and easier in the online era. Moreover, the widespread nature of soccer means that almost every country and area will have a team to watch.
If you want to watch a game, but can't find it on TV, search for the game and date, plus the word "streaming" in your internet browser. Many soccer blogs will post all of the different ways to see the game.
Check out your local teams, including semi-pro teams. Much like baseball, soccer players and teams can move up and down in the rankings from season to season and even become national stars after several years. The rankings and leagues are fluid, and the enormous global market means players move frequently.
17. **Find out which national leagues are currently in season.** Just about every country on the planet has a soccer league, and while most of them play through the winter months, many of them are staggered in order to make room for international tournaments later in the year. These teams are colloquially known as "clubs."
generally considered the best league in the world, plays from late August to early May. La Liga (Spain), Seria A (Italy), Bundesliga (Germany), and Ligue 1 (France), the other major European leagues, all run on similar timelines.
America's league, runs from March to October. the Mexican league, runs in both the summer and winter.
18. **Choose a team or league to follow to get invested in the scores.** All sports are more fun if you have someone to root for. Pick a team or league based on whatever feels right to you, whether it is your hometown, has your favorite player, or simply seems like a fun team to root for. Even individual leagues have their own intricacies, quirks, and unique facets:
is where all the best players go because it has the most money. The play is crisp, tactical, and fast, and there are a lot of teams that can compete in any given game.
the Spanish League, is fast and flashy. The players are technical and the game is beautiful, and the top clubs, like Real Madrid, are among the best in the world every single year.
Germany's league, is technical and physical, and produces many of the best players in the world. It is less watched, perhaps, than other leagues in Europe, but contains some of the highest quality play.
is a young, quickly growing league marked by physicality and young, developing players.
19. **Watch out for the major club tournaments.** Almost every league in the world doesn't actually have a playoff. Instead, points are tallied up from every game, and the highest point total wins the league. However, there are a variety of major tournaments each year for club teams, and this is almost always the highest quality soccer you can watch every year.
The Champions League is a tournament between all of the best clubs from every country in Europe. Qualifying takes place over the summer and winter, with the final in May.
The FA Cup is a tournament between every pro or semi-pro team in England, no matter what their standing is.
Every continent has versions of this cup (such as South America's Copa Libertadores) but the European League is the best-known tournament.
20. **Follow your country's national team in major world tournaments.** A country's national team is made up of only citizens of that country, and these teams compete in the world's biggest tournaments, like the World Cup. International soccer is played in the summer and consists of a series of games, qualifications, and tournaments that ultimately culminate in the World Cup every 4 years.
are practice games that mean little, but are essential for team building and testing out players and strategies. Since most players leave to play for their club team during the year, these are crucial practice games for coaches.
for major tournaments, such as the Gold Cup, the World Cup, and the Confederations Cup, take place every single year. These crucial games determine, ultimately, what 32 countries make it to the World Cup.
These round-robin and knock-out events are what every national team lives for. Winning some of them, like the Gold Cup, gets you an automatic free bid to the World Cup, the ultimate tournament in soccer.
21. **Follow soccer blogs, teams, and accounts to be in the know about upcoming games.** There is so much soccer on TV at any given time, it is hard not to find something worth watching. But the deluge of information can be overwhelming, especially for new fans. If you don't have a team or can't figure out who to watch, the best place to start is the English Premier League. It runs from August to May, and all of the games are played on Saturday and Sunday, always, making it easy to sit down and get a good game even if you aren't in the know about the schedules. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Watch-Football-(Soccer)", "language": "en"} |
How to Turn On an Aquarius Man | If you've attracted the attention of an Aquarius guy, you're probably wondering how to keep things exciting in the bedroom. Since Aquarius men are original, independent, and inventive, you've got to try new things to turn your guy on. We've found great ways to get your Aquarian in the mood. From flirting to foreplay to erogenous zones, we've got you covered!
1. **Cut right to the chase by asking your Aquarius what he likes.** He'll really really appreciate that you're trying to figure out what stimulates him. In fact, most Aquarians try to develop a friendship with someone before having a relationship, so you shouldn't find it too hard to communicate with him.
You can definitely bring this up when you're talking with him in person, but texting is a fantastic way to ask about his desires since he can easily flirt back.
For instance, you might ask, "What's something you've always wanted to try with a partner but never done before?"
2. **Turquoise and blue are the colors associated with Aquarius.** Your guy will be instantly aroused if you wear dreamy turquoise or blue lingerie. Choose lingerie that has blue lace for an extra-sensual element.
Go for unusual and intricate lingerie so it really stands out for your guy.
3. **Your Aquarius guy will appreciate assertiveness rather than gentle cuddling.** He might get turned on by watching an adult film together for instance. An Aquarian's not looking for an emotional connection, so spend time getting to know what makes him feel good.
For example, he may love it if you give him a sensual massage, do a striptease, or shower together.
Keep the lights on! To get in the mood, an Aquarian wants to see everything that's happening.
4. **Say something about how aroused you are to get him in the mood.** To really turn him on, say something suggestive before you two have even made it to the bedroom. Try something like, "I want to be yours," or, "I've been thinking about what I want to do with you."
You can also take charge and tell him that you want him to say something. You could say something like, "Tell me that you want me right now."
5. **Target his calves and ankles to really drive him crazy.** According to astrology, Aquarians rule these body parts, so it's no surprise that these areas are really sensitive to sexual stimulation. Spend some time planting kisses or tickling his calves and ankles.
Up for something more adventurous? Put his ankles in handcuffs—with his permission of course.
6. **Keep things fresh in the bedroom so your guy is enthusiastic.** If you feel like sex is becoming routine, suggest a new position. You might find a new favorite position or you'll at least have fun experimenting!
Suggest new places to have sex, too. He might be open to having sex outdoors or on the beach for instance. Trying something new together is a great way to get him hooked.
7. **Spice things up to keep him hooked.** Since Aquarians love technology, shop for a sexy gadget that can help spice things up. If he's got sex toys that he prefers, ask him to bring them over so you can explore them together.
For a fun couples activity, shop for toys together. You can talk about what you want to try in the bedroom and build anticipation.
8. **Act out your fantasies in the bedroom to keep things exciting.** Sex will be anything but routine if you break out costumes and props! Talk with your guy about what turns him on and come up with a sexy scenario. Then, head to the bedroom and let your imaginations run wild.
You might say, "Can I dress up for you? Tell me what you want."
Don't forget to discuss boundaries so you're both comfortable.
9. **Make him curious about what you've got planned.** Blindfold your guy and let him rely on his other senses—it's a huge turn on and it will definitely prevent sex from becoming routine or boring! You could also wear something a little seductive to pique his interest.
If he mentioned something he wanted to try, tell him it's his lucky day. Let him know that you're also open to trying something new.
10. **Your goal is to constantly experiment and explore with your Aquarian.** As long as you're enthusiastic with him, you'll keep your guy hooked and aroused. If you sense that he's getting a little bored, just switch things up.
Don't forget to share your own desires with your Aquarius man. Aquarians are generous lovers, so he'll be eager to make you feel fulfilled.
Be as vocal as you want—you can hum, moan, or whatever it takes to let your guy know how you're feeling.
11. **Keep your relationship casual and fun.** Aquarians are well known for being independent. He'll expect you to have your own life without needing to confide in him or make a deep, romantic connection. As long as you keep your relationship light, your guy will be along for the ride!
This isn't to say that you can't develop a deep connection with an Aquarius man. It just means that a serious relationship takes time, so don't rush him. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Arouse-an-Aquarius-Man", "language": "en"} |
How to Make Homemade Onion Rings | Homemade onion rings take a bit of work, but they are worth the effort, as they make an excellent appetizer or side dish. The ones made from this recipe are covered in a batter that is tasty and crunchy.
1. **Peel the onion** Separate the onion rings.
2. **Add the onion rings to a bowl of ice water and let stand for 30 minutes.**
3. **Place the rings onto paper towels to dry.**
4. **Sift flour**
5. **Separate the egg**
6. **Add the egg yolk to a small bowl and lightly beat.**
7. **Add the beaten egg yolk, milk and 1 tablespoon (14.8 ml) of vegetable oil to the flour mixture.**
8. **Add the egg white to another mixing bowl and beat until stiff.**
9. **Fold the egg white** Do this gently.
10. **Preheat 1-inch (2.5cm) of vegetable oil to 375ºF/190ºC.**
11. **Dip the onion rings in the batter.** Carefully place the dipped rings in the hot oil.
12. **Cook the onion rings until golden.**
13. **Remove the onion rings using tongs or a similar long-handled implement.** Drain the onion rings on paper towels. Once drained, they're ready to serve with the rest of your meal.
14. **Finished.** Serve immediately while still hot and crispy. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Homemade-Onion-Rings", "language": "en"} |
How to Begin Tatting | Tatting is an old thread weaving technique that you can use to create lace. If you have never tatted before, then getting started can seem intimidating. However, there are a few simple techniques that will help you to get started with confidence. You will need to have the right materials, wind your shuttle, learn how to hold the shuttle and thread, and practice making double stitches.
1. **Choose your thread.** Before you can begin tatting, you will need to find a thread that you’d like to work with. Size 10 cotton crochet thread is a great choice for beginners because it is not too fine and it will not snag as easily as other threads. However, you can go with another kind of thread that appeals to you if you prefer.
Keep in mind that a small number on a thread size means it is actually wider than another thread with a larger number thread size. For example, a size 10 thread will be larger than a size 40 thread.
Stick to a size 10 or 20 thread when you are just starting out. This will be easier to see. As your skills improve, you can move to finer threads, such as a size 50.
2. **Select a shuttle.** You also need a shuttle to tat. A shuttle is a spool with two pointed ends that are open, but that only allow the thread to pass through when you tug on it. This will help you to control the thread as you tat.
Shuttles can be a little difficult to find. Check your local craft supply stores or buy a tatting shuttle online.
The most common and budget friendly type of shuttle is a simple plastic one, which is a great choice if you are a beginner. You can also find shuttles that are made of wood or bone, but they are more expensive and the only benefit of these is that they may feel nicer in your hand while you are working. However, these shuttles work the same way as the less expensive plastic ones.
3. **Get a pair of scissors.** You will need to cut the thread regularly while tatting. Make sure that you have a sharp pair of scissors handy.
4. **Be prepared to use your hands a lot.** The only other tool you use for tatting is your hands. Both of your hands will be engaged when you are tatting. You may want to remove your jewelry to keep it from snagging on the thread.
5. **Insert the thread through the hole in the center of the shuttle.** The shuttle has a small hole in the center of it which you will use to start threading your shuttle. Insert the thread through the hole and pull it out by a couple of inches (about 5cm) on the other side. Then, place one finger over the hole to hold the thread in place.
6. **Wrap the thread around the center of the shuttle.** With your finger still on the thread, begin to wind the thread around the spool. Do this a few times to secure the thread, and then remove your finger and keep wrapping. Wind the thread around and around the spool until the thread is nearly even with the outside of the shuttle.
Do not wind the thread so much that it extends out past the edge of the shuttle.
7. **Cut the thread to disconnect it from your spool.** When you have finished winding the shuttle, cut the thread to separate it from the thread spool.
Your shuttle is now ready to use for tatting!
8. **Unwind about 18 inches (46 cm) of thread.** To position your thread, you will need to have about 18 inches (46 cm) of thread available. Unwind this amount from your shuttle to get started.
9. **Hold the shuttle in your right hand.** Grasp the shuttle at its center with the thumb and index finger of your right hand. It is important to hold the shuttle this way so that the thread can flow freely and unwind as you work.
Do not hold the shuttle by the sides or tips because this may prevent you from unwinding the thread.
10. **Grasp the thread.** Next, you will need to grasp the end of the thread. Press the end of the thread between the thumb and index finger of your left hand. It is important to grip the thread in this way so that your other fingers will be free to move the thread around as needed.
11. **Spread out your fingers.** Once you have a piece of thread pressed firmly between your thumb and index finger, spread out your other three fingers as if you are forming an “OK” sign. Then, loop the thread around these fingers to form a loop and press the other end of the thread between your index finger and thumb to secure the loop.
Your shuttle, thread, and hands are now positioned to begin tatting.
12. **Insert the shuttle through the loop.** When you are just starting out with tatting, you will need to learn how to do double stiches. This is a very basic stitch that only requires a couple of different movements. The first movement is to insert the shuttle through the loop you have created. Pass the shuttle right through the center of the loop.
Double stitches are usually abbreviated as “ds” in tatting patterns.
13. **Bring the shuttle back over and through the new loop.** Next, you will need to bring the shuttle up on the other side of the loop and then bring it over the top of the loop. As you do so, come downwards slightly with the shuttle and bring it through the new loop. Then, pull the thread to tighten the knot you just created.
14. **Bring the shuttle over the loop.** The next part of the double stitch is just the opposite of the first part. Instead of coming through the loop, bring the shuttle over the top of the loop.
15. **Pull it out through the loop and the new loop.** Next, bring the shuttle down and through the large loop. Then, bring the shuttle up slightly to come through the new loop you created. Pull the thread to tighten the knot.
This completes one double stitch! Make several of these for practice when you are just starting out in tatting.
16. **Make a chain of double stitches** Once you know how to double stitch, you can use this important tatting skill to create basic tatting designs. To make a chain, you will be working double stitches onto a piece of thread instead of into a circle. You will need to hold a second piece of thread next to your circle to work in a chain. The stitches you work onto the thread will become your chain.
17. **Learn how to make rings** Rings are another basic skill in tatting. You can easily make a ring once you know how to double stitch. To make a ring, all you have to do is keep making double stitches around your circle. When the circle reaches the desired size, you can pull the tail to tighten it.
18. **Include some picots** To make a picot, begin making a double stitch, but pinch a portion of the thread before you pull the thread to tighten the stitch. This will leave a loop extending from the double stitch. You can make your picots as small or as large as you like.
19. **Choose your first project.** Once you have mastered the basic skills of tatting, try choosing a beginner level project to work on. You can pick up a book of tatting patterns to start with, or look for a beginner level pattern online.
After making a lace, you can attach it to a piece of cloth of your choice. You will need a thinner sewing machine needle to work.
Use a poly blend thread stronger than cotton.
Make sure your machine is set on the sewing setting to work on lace.
20. **Practice often and be patient.** Tatting is a precise, slow art form. Any project you choose will take some time to make and you may make some mistakes along the way. Be patient and practice your new hobby for a little while every day.
Try pulling out your tatting while you are waiting for the bus, taking a break at work or school, or during your spare time at home. With time and practice, you will notice your skills getting better every day. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Begin-Tatting", "language": "en"} |
How to Be a Film Director | Becoming a film director is a dream job for many people. If you're ready and willing to put in the time, have creative vision and an impressive ability to make something out of nothing, then becoming a film director might be the perfect job for you. Just keep in mind that film directing jobs are highly competitive and it may take years or even decades to accomplish your goal. However, if this is your dream, then you should go for it!
1. **Watch films critically.** You have probably seen lots of films if you are interested in becoming a film director, but you can start to use your film viewing experiences as a way to learn about film making. Watch as many films as you can and pay attention to the details.
Try to count at least 15 mistakes in each film you watch. Look for acting errors, editing errors, storyline continuity errors, etc.
Develop your awareness of storytelling as you watch films. Try watching movies with the sound off and pay attention to how the story unfolds through images as well. Or, you can also listen to the dialogue, soundtrack, and other sounds in a film to see how the story unfolds through what characters say.
2. **Start making short films** To become a director, it is important to get started right away and use any means necessary to make your own films. Get a camera if you don't already have one. Although a quality camera will help you to produce better quality films, start with any camera you can find.
Write your own screenplay or work with a friend who writes.
Get a group of friends together on the weekend and shoot scenes for a short film. Over time, you can edit the scenes together using a program like Adobe Premier.
Making short films will force you to start learning the technical aspects of directing. You'll need to know how to edit, write, and do everything else, too. Making your own short films will give you a chance to wear multiple hats and develop different skill sets.
3. **Learn how to act** The best way to learn to direct actors is by getting experience acting, whether this is by acting in your own films or being part of a drama group. Learning more about acting and doing some acting yourself will give you a greater appreciation for the actors that you are working with and it may make it easier to communicate with them.
Try to learn the lingo of actors. For example, you can learn about different acting strategies or techniques, such as classical acting and method acting.
4. **Read other people’s scripts.** While you will probably start out writing your own scripts, you may need to work with other people’s scripts later on. Reading scripts that other people have written is a good way to practice bringing someone else’s story to life. When you read other people’s scripts, try to think about the details of how you would shoot each scene.
For example, if two people are having an argument in a scene, how would you position them? What camera angles would you use? What kind of lighting would you use? What sounds would be in the background?
5. **Consider going to film school** Though it's totally not required, film school is great for three things: forced experience, access to crews, and networking. Plenty have made it who did not go to film school, but plenty more have made it who have. You'll have access to internships, workshops, and, most importantly, names, names, names. If you have a project, you can get a crew handed to you and you can network by helping others out, too.
Although highly competitive, NYU, USC, University of California at Los Angeles, AFI (Los Angeles), and California Institute of the Arts are some of the top schools. Several well-known directors have attended these schools, such as Spike Lee, Martin Scorsese, Oliver Stone, Ron Howard, George Lucas, John Singleton, Amy Heckerling, David Lynch, Terrence Malick, Francis Ford Coppola, and John Lasseter.
6. **Work as part of a production crew.** Becoming a film director doesn't happen overnight. Most directors started out working as runners, camera operators, or performing other roles as part of a production crew. No job is too small. Whether it's filing paperwork, making sure the actors have their bagels, or watching over the camera equipment at night, it's a step in the right direction.
If you're in film school, look into internships. If you're not, check your local Craigslist, get in the know with the creative types in your area, and offer to be of service. If you're amicable and trustworthy, people will want to work with you again. And the gigs will get bigger and better each time.
A production company is more likely to give a chance to someone with five years of production assistant experience over some kid fresh out of film school. Try to find a production assistant job or another entry level production crew job and do your best.
7. **Start networking** Long story short, you won't become a director without a reel. That is the most important thing to have. That being said, this is definitely an industry where it's a lot easier to show said reel if you have an in. To get an in, you need to start networking right away. The more people you know, the more opportunities you will have.
Attend industry events, such as mixers, conventions, parties, premiers, etc. Introduce yourself to people and try to develop good relationships with the people you meet. Offer to help out on future projects or invite others to work with you.
8. **Find other gigs to get by.** On your path to become a film director, you will need to develop your resume with other types of directing jobs, like directing music videos, TV shows, and commercials. The paychecks you receive for these jobs won't be in the millions, but these jobs will help to fill out your resume with directing experience.
Some of these gigs will pay well and you may even enjoy the work, so don’t turn down a directing job just because it is for a commercial and not a feature length film.
9. **Make more advanced short films.** Making short films with friends you have made in the industry is the quickest way to bulk up your reel. Work with the friends you've made, and with others who are also trying to break into the industry. Sometimes the budget will come out of your own pocket, sometimes it won't, but it's a necessary step on the ladder to success.
10. **Enter your shorts into film festivals** If you have a film you're particularly proud of, then you can enter it into a film festival. The great part about it is that you can enter a film festival anywhere. There are probably some film festivals in your state or region that you can participate in.
Sundance receives 12,000 submissions per year, so it is competitive. You may want to start smaller and work your way up. Just make sure you meet the deadline and formatting requirements!
Quentin Tarantino's "Reservoir Dogs" was discovered at Sundance Film Festival and Steven Spielberg stumbled upon a then unheard of film called "Paranormal Activity" at a film festival.
11. **Assemble your reel.** Your reel, or portfolio, is what you'll be submitting to any project that's looking for a director, so it is important to make sure that it is impressive. Models submit their modeling portfolios, actors submit their headshots and resumes, and directors submit their reels. Your reel should include information about your education, professional experience, and films. Here's what you'll need:
Information on your educational experience
An accompanying resume showing your experience to date
Your contact information
Clips that also show your skills in editing, writing, animation and cinematography
A list of film festivals participated in and awards won
Miscellaneous experience -- music videos, commercials, animated shorts, TV shows, etc.
Stills and storyboards showing your process
12. **Work on your people skills** Even after you become a director, you're not necessarily on the top of the totem pole. You'll have to work with lots of different people and sometimes people will clash with each other or with you. As the director, keeping everyone happy will often be your responsibility. Start working on your people skills early on so that you will be well-equipped to handle different problems and personalities later on.
Keep in mind that you may have to deal with some really frustrating situations. Imagine that your producer calls you and tells you he doesn't like the scene you filmed at 5 AM in the middle of Nowhere, Kansas to get the exact perfect shot at the golden hour. The actress changed a few of her lines to give her character more depth and the money's gone. You'll spend the entire night reworking the script to make room for something that can be filmed tomorrow at the studio.
13. **Get an agent.** Once you have a decent reel, an agent may want to represent you. An agent can negotiate your contracts for you and help you to decide what is and what is not in your best interest. However, you should never pay money up front to acquire an agent. An agent should only charge you if you make money as a result of his or her efforts.
A large part of an agent’s job will be to negotiate your "gross points." This is a fancy term for however much money the movie makes, you get X percent of it. When a movie makes $100, it's not that big of a deal. But imagine if your next movie rakes in $1 billion! Those gross points matter and they matter big time.
14. **Try not to get discouraged by a lack of recognition.** Get ready to take none of the credit and all of the blame. When a movie does well, it's rare that the director gets seen as the reason why. But when a movie does poorly, it's always that the director gets blamed. If it's a flop, you'll be hard-pressed to get another parallel gig anytime soon. Even if a movie that you direct is successful, you may not get as much recognition as the actors in your film.
Maybe not for you, but for the average Joe on the street, directors aren't seen as the amazing film visionaries they are. It's the actors that make the movie. So when it comes to the public, you'll go unappreciated. And when it comes to your crew, it's no different. If your movie is bad, your producers will blame you. If the actor is upset about how their hair looks, they'll blame you. It's a cycle you'll, best case scenario, grow to tolerate.
15. **Become a part of the union.** After you have had a few directing jobs, you can become a part of the Director's Guild of America (DAG) (provided you're US based, of course). By becoming a member of DAG, you're guaranteed a $160,000 salary for 10 weeks.
In most cases, you must be hired by a signatory company to be eligible. Or you make it big out of nowhere. The initial fee is a few thousand dollars and you pay minimal dues beyond that. It's completely worth it, especially if the projects are not constant.
16. **Enjoy your awesome job.** After you achieve your goal, make sure that you enjoy and appreciate your job. It will be stressful sometimes, but it should also be quite satisfying. You will always be doing something different depending on the stage of the film that you are working on.
In pre-production, you're translating the script into a movie. Something visual. You're figuring out all the logistics, the casting, and the real nuts and bolts of it all. This is arguably the most important.
In production, you'll be doing what everyone pictures directors do. You'll let the actors know what you see for them and how you want the scene to play out. However, you'll also be on a massive time crunch to paint a masterpiece. It will be chaotic, but also thrilling.
In post-production, you'll sit down with editing team and piece it all together. Make sure that you develop good relationships with your editors to ensure that you are on the same page. In post-production, you'll also figure out the music and all the other finer points to draw it all together. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-Film-Director", "language": "en"} |
How to Stop a Zipper from Unzipping Itself | Maybe you want to make sure your zipper stays zipped during the frenzy of back-to-school. Or, maybe you are trying to hang onto a pair of pants that probably would be better off in the “donate” pile. You can fashion a device to keep that zipper zipped up using a key ring or a rubber band. If the slider of the zipper is badly damaged, it may need to be replaced so the zipper can work properly. You should also care for your zipper to ensure it does not get damaged or worn out.
1. **Look for a key ring the size of a penny.** To fix your loose zipper, you can use a small metal key ring, about the size of a penny. Look for a key ring that is thin and durable.
You can also use a small rubber band if you are looking for a flexible option. A rubber band can be good if your zipper tends to unzip itself and get stuck mid way on the zipper. The band can stretch enough to allow you to attach the zipper slider to the top button of your pants.
Some zippers "lock" when you push the zipper pull down. If this is the case, you probably don't need to add anything to keep your pants from unzipping. However, if your pants don't lock anymore, you might need to replace the zipper.
2. **Secure the key ring to the loop on your zipper slider.** Slide the key ring through the hole in the zipper slider, usually located on the end of the slider. Make sure the key ring is secure on the zipper slider once it is attached.
If you are using a rubber band, you can put the rubber band through the hole in the zipper slider and then loop the top part of the band through the section on the zipper slider to form a knot. You should have a knot with a long section of the band loose at the top of the zipper slider.
3. **Loop the key ring to the top button on your pants.** Once the key ring is attached to the zipper slider, loop it over the top button of your pants.
If you are using a rubber band, grip the long section of the rubber band and loop it over the top button on your pants.
If you are trying to fix another garment with a zipper besides a pair of pants, loop the key ring or rubber band over the top button on the garment, such as the top button on a dress or a skirt. Keep in mind this method looks better on dresses or skirts that have hidden zippers, as the key ring or rubber band will show if the zipper is exposed.
4. **Zip up your pants and button them.** Keeping the key chain or rubber band in place over the top button, zip up the garment. Then, button up the garment with the top button. Make sure the top flap by the button covers the top of the zipper as well as the key chain or rubber band. Your zipper should stay in place with the help of the key chain or rubber band.
Remember to be careful when going to the bathroom, as you will need to remove the top button and then the key ring to take off your clothing.
5. **Gather your supplies.** If your zipper keeps unzipping itself, the zipper slider may be broken and need to be replaced. You can do this at home with a few supplies, including:
End nippers. These can be found at your local hardware store and can be used to cut nails, wires, and zipper stops.
Tweezers.
Small pliers.
A replacement zipper slider, which you can buy at your local craft or fabric store. Be sure to get a replacement coil zipper slider if you have a coil zipper and a plastic tooth zipper slider if you have a plastic tooth zipper. Coil zippers are made of tight coil and plastic tooth zippers are made of plastic.
A replacement zipper stop. Zipper stops can be made of metal (for coil zipper sliders) or plastic (for plastic tooth zippers).
6. **Unzip the garment and locate the zipper stop.** The zipper stop will be the small piece that is used to connect the zipper slider to the zipper teeth. Peel back any fabric that is covering the zipper stop and place your thumb and forefinger on the top of the zipper stop, on the side with the slider.
7. **Use end nippers to remove the zipper stop.** Make sure you cut the plastic or metal stop only. Do not damage the webbing behind the stop as this could then damage the zipper.
Once you cut and remove the zipper stop, use a pair of tweezers to get rid of any remaining pieces of the zipper stop. Make sure all of the zipper stop has been completely removed from the zipper teeth.
8. **Slide the damaged zipper slider off the zipper.** Once the zipper stop is removed, you can slide the damaged zipper slider off the zipper. Then, replace it with the replacement zipper slider. You may need to tug the replacement over the old zipper stop gently.
Make sure the zipper slider is facing right side up when you slide it on the zipper. The zipper slider should move easily up and down the zipper once it is attached.
9. **Put on the new zipper stop.** Use tweezers to hold the new zipper stop. Then, insert the teeth on one end of the zipper stop into the webbing on the zipper, right where the old zipper stop used to be.
Take the pliers and bend the top of the zipper stop around the edge of the webbing. The single tooth on the stop should go through the back part of the webbing.
Use the pliers to crimp the stop into place. Try out your new zipper, making sure it runs smoothly and does not unzip on it’s own.
10. **Close all zippers before putting your clothes in the wash.** To keep your zippers in good shape, you should make sure all the zippers on your clothes are closed before you throw them in the wash. Do up zippers on your pants, your shirts, your skirts, your dresses and your shorts.
To make sure the zippers stay closed, you can use safety pins. Loop the safety pin through the zipper slider and attach it to the top of the garment so the zipper stays closed in the washing machine and the dryer.
11. **Dry clothing with zippers on low heat.** High heat can be damaging to zippers, especially zippers made of plastic. Dry clothing with zippers on low heat and minimize the amount of time the clothing is in the dryer. The tumbling of the dryer can cause damage to certain zippers.
You should also take clothing with zippers out of the dyer right after the drying cycle is done so you can lay them flat. Straightening out the clothing and the zipper on a flat surface will prevent the zipper from drying with crooked teeth. This could prevent zipper jams and other issues down the road.
12. **Expect some puckering around the zipper.** Don’t worry too much if there is puckering around zipper after it has been through the wash. Most clothing will shrink a little in the wash and this could cause puckering around the zipper. The puckering is usually not too obvious, depending on the material of the clothing and the material in the zipper.
Clothing made with 100 percent cotton is especially prone to shrinkage, which can cause noticeable puckering around the cotton-polyester zipper tabs. You may want to hang dry clothing made of cotton and other materials that are prone to shrinkage, rather than run them through the dryer. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-a-Zipper-from-Unzipping-Itself", "language": "en"} |
How to Sew Wrap Pants | Wrap pants are comfortable, casual pants that you put on by wrapping them around your waist and securing them in the front and back. You can make wrap pants out of any type of fabric you choose, but a stretchy or lightweight fabric is a great option. Best of all, wrap pants are easy to make! Even if you are a sewing novice, you can whip up a pair of wrap pants in about 10 minutes. Try making yourself a pair of wrap pants or sew a pair for a friend.
1. **Purchase 2 yards (1.8 m) of stretchy or non-stretchy fabric.** Stretchy fabric is ideal for making wrap pants because it will conform to your curves and have a nice flowing look. You can also eliminate the need to hem your pants if you use a stretchy fabric, such as jersey, modal, or rayon (also known as viscose). However, you can also use a non-stretchy fabric if you prefer, such as a lightweight cotton or linen.
Stretchy fabric wrap pants will cover your legs entirely because the fabric will stretch to wrap around your curves, but non-stretchy fabrics may result in an open area on the sides of your legs.
2. **Get a pair of shoelaces or 2 yards (1.8 m) of ribbon.** You will secure the wrap pants by tying them around your waist in the front and the back with shoelaces or ribbon pieces. You will need a pair of shoelaces or enough ribbon to create 4 0.5 yd (0.46 m) pieces.
Choose a strong ribbon that matches the colors in your fabric, such as pink ribbon for a fabric that includes pink in the print.
3. **Find a pair of leggings or stretch pants that fit you well.** You do not need a pattern to make wrap pants since they are so easy to create. Use a pair of leggings that fit you well. You can fold them in half and place them over your fabric to shape the crotch and waist. This is the easiest way to get a good fit.
4. **Fold the fabric in half with the right (print) sides facing each other.** Lay your fabric out on a large, clean, flat surface, such as a table or the floor. Then, fold the fabric so that the shortest edges match up. Line up all the edges and make sure the fabric is flat on the work surface.
If you are working with a silk or slippery fabric, place paper weights or other heavy objects on the corners of the folded fabric. This will help to keep the fabric in place while you work.
5. **Cut through the fold.** There should only be 1 fold in the fabric at this point. Cut along the fold to divide the single piece of fabric into 2 equal-sized pieces.
Cut the edges cleanly, especially if you are not hemming them. Do not use dull scissors to cut along the fold.
6. **Fold the fabric in half again.** Next, fold the 2 pieces of fabric in half. Match up the longest edges of the fabric. Hold the 2 pieces together as you do this.
Folding the fabric this way allows you to create the crotch area of the pants.
7. **Line up the crotch of the leggings with the top corner of the folded fabric.** With the leggings unfolded, turn them so 1 side of the waistband is on the fabric and the crotch matches up with the top edge of the fabric. Line up the bottom of the crotch of the leggings with the top corner of the folded fabric.
8. **Cut around the edges of the leggings.** Check to make sure that only the waistband area of the leggings down to the crotch is on your fabric. Cut around the edges of the waistband leaving about 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) of fabric around all of the edges.
Use a sharp pair of scissors and make clean cuts to avoid jagged edges.
9. **Unfold the fabric.** After you finish cutting along the outside of the leggings, unfold the fabric and open it up. There should be a U-shaped cut through the 2 layers of fabric. Align the edges of the fabric after you undo the fold in the fabric. Check the raw edges of both layers of fabric to ensure that they are flush with each other.
10. **Insert pins through both layers of fabric along the edges of the U-shaped area.** To hold the 2 pieces of fabric together while you sew, insert pins through the 2 layers of fabric along the U-shape. Space out the pins by about 2 to 3 inches (5.1 to 7.6 cm). Insert the pins into the fabric going from the outer edges of the fabric to the inner edges. This will make it easier to remove them as you sew.
Make sure that the print sides of your fabric pieces are still facing each other. This will ensure that the raw edges of the seam will be hidden.
11. **Sew a straight stitch** Start sewing at the corner of the U-shape and then move all the way around the curve. Place the 2 layers of fabric under the presser foot of your sewing machine and lower it. Then, press gently on the pedal to start the machine. Hold the fabric taut, but avoid stretching it too much.
Check your sewing machine’s instruction manual if you are not sure how to set it to the straight stitch setting. This is the default setting or setting number 1 on most sewing machines.
If desired, you can hand sew the straight stitch. However, keep in mind that this will extend the time it takes to make the wrap pants. Thread a needle with 24 inches (61 cm) strand of thread, tug the end of the thread until it is even with the other end, and tie a knot in the end of the strands.
To hand sew the stitches, insert the threaded needle in and out of the 2 layers of fabric along the edge of the U-shape. Make sure to keep the stitches about 0.5 in (1.3 cm) from the raw edges of the fabric. The stitches should be close together—about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) or less—for best results.
Try using a running stitch to sew a straight line. Insert the needle into the fabric on 1 side and out about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) from this stitch on the opposite side. Then, repeat the stitch starting from the opposite side of the fabric. Continue all the way across the U-shape.
12. **Hem** Open up the fabric so that the print side is facing down toward your work surface. Then, fold over the edges of the fabric on all sides by 0.5 in (1.3 cm). Insert pins through the folded fabric to hold it in place. Then, sew a straight stitch about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) from the raw edges of the folded fabric to secure the hem.
Some types of non-stretchy fabric will fray if you do not hem them. If you are using a non-stretchy fabric and you want to create a hem around the edges, then make sure that you do it before you attach the ribbon or shoelaces.
13. **Cut the shoelaces or ribbon into 4 equal-sized pieces.** These pieces will allow you to secure the wrap pants on your body. Line up the ends of your shoelaces or ribbon and then make a cut in the center to divide them in half. If you are using shoelaces, you can cut both pieces at once. If you are using ribbon, line up the ends of the 2 pieces and make another cut in the middle of these pieces to get 4 equal-sized pieces. Each piece should be about 0.5 yd (0.46 m) long.
Make sure to use a sharp pair of scissors to make these cuts. This will help to ensure that you don’t end up with frayed ends.
14. **Pin the shoelaces or ribbon to the 4 outer corners of the fabric.** Pin 1 end of each of the shoelaces or ribbon to 1 corner of the fabric outside of the U-shaped area. Place the end of the ribbon or shoelace so that it is about 0.5 in (1.3 cm) inside of the edges of the fabric on both sides. This will help to ensure that the end will be secured when you sew it.
Repeat this for the other 3 pieces of shoelace or ribbon.
15. **Sew the shoelaces or ribbon pieces to the fabric.** Use a sewing machine or threaded needle to sew back and forth across the shoelace or ribbon end to secure it. You can sew in a diagonal line across the corner where the shoelace or ribbon end is overlapping your fabric, and then sew across the in the opposite direction to create an X stitch. This will hold the shoelace or ribbon securely in place.
Repeat this for the other 3 corners as well.
Make sure that you do not sew across the pin or you may damage your machine.
Sew a couple of stitches to tack down the ribbon or shoelace, and then pull out the pin before sewing the rest of the way.
16. **Try on the pants!** To put the pants on, grasp 2 of the ribbons or shoelaces that are attached to the same piece of fabric. Then, tie the fabric around your waist like an apron.
Make sure that the print side of the fabric is facing out.
Then, bring the rest of the fabric between your legs and up over your backside and hips.
Use the other 2 pieces of ribbon or shoelace to tie this piece around your waist going from back to front. This will secure the pants in place. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Sew-Wrap-Pants", "language": "en"} |
How to Get a Pet Rat | Pet rats are a terrific addition to a family of any size. While these pet rats require much attention and interaction, they are also intelligent, social and empathetic pets. Picking the right rat for you and properly acclimating it to its new home will set you up for success as a pet rat owner.
1. **Decide if you want a male or female.** While both males and females make wonderful pet rats, there are differences between the sexes. Males tend to be larger than females and are more docile, making them more suited as lap pets. They are also more likely to urine mark their territory and stain carpets and furniture. Females are more energetic and prefer to run and play rather than being held. Unfortunately, they’re also more prone to mammary tumors. Rats are happiest when living with a companion, so you might consider buying a pair.
If you decide to adopt a male and female, make sure to spay and neuter your pets. Female rats can become pregnant beginning around five weeks of age, and will reproduce all year long with up to a dozen babies at a time.
2. **Choose your variety.** There are several types of rats you can bring into your home as pets. The domestic rat is the most common for its simplicity, and because it has not undergone any mutations. Manx rats are larger and tailless, which means they need more attention, as rats use their tails for balance and to regulate their metabolisms. Dumbo rats have larger ears and can be friendlier than other breeds. Rex rats are the largest breed and, like hairless rats, tend to be better for those with allergies because of their shorter fur.
The Rat and Mouse Club of America (RMCA) website provides even more detailed information about rare rat breeds, markings and characteristics.
3. **Buy a baby rat if you're a first time pet rat owner.** Rats only live 2-4 years under the best of circumstances, so purchasing them shortly after birth allows you the most time with your new pet. Baby rats can require more attention, but you’ll have the opportunity to socialize and get to know them from their early days of life.
If you want more than one pet rat, this is an especially good idea, as it’s easier to introduce rats to each other when they’re younger.
4. **Rescue an older rat if you're an experienced pet rat owner or want to know the rat's personality.** Adult rats already have developed personalities but may also come with trust issues, especially if they were not socialized properly as babies or came from a home where they were neglected or abused.
5. **Choose a breeder with a history of producing strong lineages.** Breeders tend to take the most care in selecting the healthiest rats for reproduction. Also, breeders tend to socialize their rats from birth, which means they’re more active and engaged from a young age.
6. **Get a rat from a reputable adoption source if you want to rescue an animal.** The Humane Society and your local animal shelter often take in older, abandoned rats or rat litters without a home. If you do go this route, spend time with your rat before adopting to make sure its demeanor and personality match yours.
For example, if a rat appears skittish, bites or has other behavioral issues, it may have been abused or neglected. Make sure you have the time necessary to build trust with your new pet, as it will require patience and persistence.
7. **Purchase from a pet store that specializes in rats.** Many pet stores keep rats as snake food and therefore, do not take the best care of these animals.. If you choose to buy your rat from a pet store, research stores where rats have been raised and properly cared for, especially if you’re a first-time owner.
8. **Ask your veterinarian if they know rats that are up for adoption.** Local animal doctors often know families whose rats have recently given birth and are looking for loving homes for these new babies. Veterinarians are also knowledgeable about breeders, rescue centers and pet stores that ethically raise healthy animals.
9. **Ask other rats owners for recommendations.** If you have any friends or family members that have pet rats, consider reaching out to them about their rats. Ask them where they got their rat from, whether or not it has had any health issues, and whether or not they would recommend the breeder, rescue shelter, or pet store that they got it from.
10. **Identify signs of illness when purchasing your rat.** Healthy rats should feel solid and robust, and be lively and alert. They should have smooth fur that’s free of bumps, and a clear and dry nose. All rats carry an organism that makes them prone to an incurable disease called Mycoplasmosis. Avoid these telltale signs of this condition:
Wheezing or repeated sneezing
Hunched posture
Dull coat
Low body weight
Patches of hair loss
11. **Decide if you want a cage or an aquarium.** Whether you choose a cage or an aquarium, your rat’s safety and happiness are of utmost importance. Rats require at least two cubic feet of living space. Cages provide more ventilation, but must be kept away from drafty windows and vents. Aquariums provide more insulation and protection for your pet, but can become humid. They also need to be cleaned more often. If you do choose to house your rat in a cage, install a linoleum or cloth surface. Otherwise, the bottom of the wire cage may irritate your pet’s feet, which may cause an inflammatory infection in the connective tissue of the foot called bumblefoot.
For cages, bar spacing should be half an inch or less for baby rats, and one inch, or less for adult rats.
Put cages or aquariums on an elevated surface, away from direct sunlight. 72˚ F is the ideal temperature for a rat.
12. **Use litter that is made out of recycled paper, aspen or Timothy hay.** Avoid wood chips made from cedar and pine, which are toxic to rats and can cause respiratory infections.
13. **Install a water bottle to keep your pet hydrated.** Change your rat’s water daily. Filter tap water, as chlorinated or fluoride-treated water can cause brain damage.
14. **Furnish your rat’s home.** Rats enjoy sleeping in hammocks, which can be made from old dish towels. Avoid hamster wheels, which are dangerous for rats due to their long tails Instead, look for wheels that are made specifically for rats or rabbits. These will not damage your pet’s sensitive feet.
15. **Make a rat-proof playroom for your pet.** Rats require at least one hour a day of exercise outside of their homes. Dedicate one room of your house as an open play space for your pet, but make sure you’ve taken precautions to make sure it’s safe.
Remove all electrical cords and cover outlets. Rats love to chew through and stick their noses in just about everything and can easily get electrocuted.
Cover all possible escape routes—rats can squeeze into tiny spaces, especially window openings and floor crevices.
Cut window cords and pillow fringes, which present choking hazards.
Eliminate house plants, most of which are poisonous to rats if eaten.
Rats tend to urinate every few minutes. To keep your belongings from getting ruined, consider laying down a big tarp in the playroom for your rat to run around on.
16. **Decorate the playroom with toys.** Rats love to build hide-aways from old cardboard boxes, paper towels, and plastic drain pipes. They also enjoy climbing up ladders, and running on exercise wheels. Look for chew toys made of rawhide or natural woods (as mentioned, no cedar or pine). Plastic toys can be used too, with your supervision.
17. **Allow your rat to adjust to its new surroundings.** Your new pet will need time to get used to the sights and scents of your home. Let it sniff around in its cage or aquarium. Hold your rat for about a half hour, so that he or she gets used to you and your scent. Baby rats tend to socialize more quickly, while adults (especially those with trust issues) may take longer to feel comfortable.
"Trust training,” can help nervous rats ease into new surroundings. Offer your rat a treat through the cage. Let your rat approach your hand. After your pet eats the snack, slowly move your hand away. This will encourage your rat to come to you when it is hungry, and learn it can trust you.
If you already have another pet rat, do not immediately put your new rat in the same cage or aquarium with it. Instead, place them in cages side by side, so they adjust to each other’s scent. Once they show that they are comfortable with each other, allow them to play together outside their cages. If they get along, try having them live together and see if they are compatible.
18. **Introduce your rat to other household members.** Use the same trust techniques you used to acclimate your pet to yourself when introducing your rat to the rest of the family. Small children should always be supervised while handling rats so that they do not hold them by their tail (this is extremely dangerous for your pet). When introducing pet rats to your other pets, be cautious. Keep your rat in his home, and allow the other animal to approach slowly, with your supervision. Consult an animal trainer who can help supervise their initial interactions. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Get-a-Pet-Rat", "language": "en"} |
How to Write an Incident Report | If you're a security guard or police officer deployed to the scene of an incident, writing up a detailed and accurate report is an important part of doing your job correctly. A good incident report gives a thorough account of what happened without glossing over unsavory information or leaving out important facts. It's crucial to follow the appropriate protocol, describe the incident clearly, and submit a polished report.
1. **Obtain the proper forms from your institution.** Each institution has a different protocol in place for dealing with an incident and filing a report.
Follow any instructions that accompany the forms. Each organization uses a different format, so pay attention to the guidelines.
In some cases you're responsible for filling out a form issued by your institution. In other cases you'll be asked to type or write up the report on your own.
2. **Provide the basic facts.** Your form may have blanks for you to fill out with information about the incident. If not, start the report with a sentence clearly stating the following basic information:
The time, date and location of the incident (be specific; write the exact street address, etc.).
Your name and ID number.
Names of other members of your organization who were present
3. **Include a line about the general nature of the incident.** Describe what brought to you at the scene of the incident. If you received a call, describe the call and note what time you received it. Write an objective, factual sentence describing what occurred.
For example, you could write that you were called to a certain address after a person was reported for being drunk and disorderly.
Note that you should not write what you think might have happened. Stick to the facts, and be objective.
4. **Start the report as soon as possible.** Write it the same day as the incident if possible. If you wait a day or two your memory will start to get a little fuzzy. You should write down the basic facts you need to remember as soon as the incident occurs. Do your report write-up within the first 24 hours afterward.
5. **Write a first person narrative telling what happened.** Write a chronological narrative of exactly what happened when you reported to the scene.
Use the full names of each person included in the report. Identify all persons the first time they are cited in your report by listing: first, middle, and last names; date of birth, race, gender, and reference a government issued identification number. In subsequent sentences, you can then refer to them using just their first and last names: "Doe, John" or "John Doe". Start a new paragraph to describe each person's actions separately. Answer the who, what, when, where, and why of what happened.
For example, when the police officer mentioned above arrives at the residence where he got the call, he could say: "Upon arrival the officer observed a male white, now known as Doe, John Edwin; date of birth: 03/15/1998; California Driver's License 00789142536, screaming and yelling at a female white,know known as, Doe, Jane, in the front lawn of the above location (the address given earlier). The officer separated both parties involved and conducted field interviews. The officer was told by Mr. John Doe that he had came home from work and discovered that dinner was not made for him. He then stated that he became upset at his wife Mrs. Jane Doe for not having the dinner ready for him."
If possible, make sure to include direct quotes from witnesses and other people involved in the incident. For example, in the above scenario, the officer could write “Jane said to me ‘Johnny was mad because I didn’t have dinner ready right on time.'”
Include an accurate description of your own role in the course of what occurred. If you had to use physical force to detain someone, don't gloss over it. Report how you handled the situation and its aftermath.
6. **Be thorough.** Write as much as you can remember - the more details, the better. Don't leave room for people reading the report to interpret something the wrong way. Don't worry about your report being too long or wordy. The important thing is to report a complete picture of what occurred.
For example, instead of saying “when I arrived, his face was red,” you could say, “when I arrived, he was yelling, out of breath, and his face was red with anger.” The second example is better than the first because there are multiple reasons for someone’s face to be red, not just that they are angry.
Or, instead of saying “after I arrived at the scene, he charged towards me,” you should say “when I arrived at the scene I demanded that both parties stop fighting. After taking a breath and looking at me, he began to run quickly towards me and held his hand up like he was about to strike me.”
7. **Be accurate.** Do not write something in the report that you aren't sure actually happened. Report hearsay as hearsay, not as fact.
For example, if a witness told you he saw someone leap over a fence and run away, clearly indicate that your report of the incident was based upon a witness account; it is not yet a proven fact.
Additionally, if you are reporting what the witness told you, you should write down anything that you remember about the witness's demeanor. If their statement's cause controversy later, your report can prove useful. For example, it would be helpful to know that a witness appeared excited while telling you what happened, or if they seemed very calm and evenhanded.
8. **Be clear.** Don't use flowery, confusing language to describe what occurred. Your writing should be clear and concise. Use short, to-the-point, fact-oriented sentences that don't leave room for interpretation.
Keep your writing clear and concise.
Additionally, do not use legal or technical words: For example, say “personal vehicle” instead of “P.O.V.” (personally owned vehicle), and “scene of the crime” instead of the typical numbered code that police typically use to notify others of their arrival.
Use short, to-the-point sentences that emphasize facts and that don't leave room for interpretation. Instead of writing "I think the suspect wanted to get back at his wife, because he seemed to have ill intentions when he walked up to her and grabbed her," write "The suspect [insert name] walked over to his wife [name] and forcefully grabbed her by the wrist."
9. **Be honest.** Even if you're not proud of how you handled the situation, it's imperative that you write an honest account. If you write something untrue it may end up surfacing later, putting your job in jeopardy and causing problems for the people involved in the incident. Preserve your integrity and that of the institution you represent by telling the truth.
10. **Double check the basic facts.** Check to make sure the basic information (spellings of names, the dates, times, and addresses, the license plate numbers, etc.) match those you listed in your report.
Do not try to make sure that statements in your report match those of your colleagues. Individually filed reports guarantee that more than one account of an incident survives. Incident reports can appear later in a court of law. If you alter the facts of your report to match those of another, you can be penalized.
11. **Edit and proofread your report.** Read through it to make sure it's coherent and easy to understand. Make sure you didn't leave out any information that should have been included. Look for obvious gaps in the narrative that you might need to fill in.
Check it one more time for spelling and grammar errors.
Remove any words that could be seen as subjective or judgmental, like words describing feelings and emotions.
12. **Submit your incident report.** Find out the name of the person or department to whom your report must be sent. When possible, submit an incident report in person and make yourself available to answer further questions or provide clarification. In situations where an incident report must be mailed or e-mailed, follow up with a phone call within a 10 day period to ensure that your report was received. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-Incident-Report", "language": "en"} |
How to Use a Money Clip | Sick of carrying a lumpy wallet or purse jammed with cards you don't even use? The elegant money clip may be an attractive alternative. This accessory can tuck neatly into the breast pocket of a blazer or hide discretely in the side pocket of a pair of trousers. Its slender design, ease of use, and sense of style make it a great choice for carrying your currency. Learn a few easy tips for using your money clip.
1. **Learn the basics of using a money clip.** Once you know how to use them, money clips offer an easy, convenient way to handle your money. If you've never used a money clip before, use the instructions below. In broad strokes, the process of using a money clip goes like this:
Gather your paper bills and credit cards.
Fold the bills in half.
Push the bills (folded side first) into the clip. The prongs should hold them there.
Slide the credit cards under the prong. Some money clips will also have a pocket or band to hold these.
Put the money clip in your pocket. Some will let you attach the clip to the material of the pocket for easy access.
When you want to use your money, you can either reach in and grab a bill or pull the whole clip out and go through it.
2. **Stack your bills in order.** In the rest of this section, you'll learn how to use your money clip like a pro. Start by grabbing your paper bills and making a small, neat stack from them. There are two schools of thought in terms of how to order them:
For , put the bigger bills on the bottom and the smaller bills on the top. This way, when you fold the bills over, it's easy to pull small bills out of the clip from the middle when you need to make everyday purchases.
For , put the smaller bills on the bottom of the stack. This way, you're advertising your smallest bills — a good idea for discouraging pickpockets.
3. **Slide your cash and cards into your money clip.** Slide the folded stack of cash (fold first) into the clip. The pressure from the prongs should keep it in place. If you're using a plain money clip, slip your cards (ID, credit, and debit card) into the center of your folded cash first. Then, secure the clip around the entire mass (cash and cards).
If you're using a money clip with an attached card holder, slip your cards (ID, credit, and debit card) into the card holder. Then, slide your cash into the money clip and fit it securely.
If you're using a magnetic money clip, hold your credit cards somewhere else. The magnet can de-magnetize the cards' magnetic strips over time, ruining them.
4. **Slip the money clip into a pocket.** Your money clip is ready to use. Now, you just need to decide where to carry it. You have a few options here:
The of your pants provides easy access, but takes up space you might use for your phone, keys, and so on.
The of your pants can also be convenient, but it makes your clip a little more vulnerable to pick-pockets. Some people experience back pain from carrying things in their rear pockets (though this is worst with bulky wallets).
The of a coat or jacket provides a bit more security, as long as you can remember not to leave the jacket behind.
5. **Pull money from the clip as needed.** With a little practice, it shouldn't take long to learn how to slide individual bills from the clip. You can even do this without taking your clip out of your pocket if you remember the order you stacked your bills in. It's also fine to take out the clip, remove the folded wad of cash, and go through it to find the bills or cards you need.
6. **Try a basic two-prong model.** Most money clips are based off this simple, functional design. These hold your money by squeezing it in between two metal or plastic prongs. They usually look a little like clothespins, big, fancy paper clips, or folded pieces of metal.
These are the simplest but most elegant money clips. They don't offer as much storage space as other types, but their "classic" design can be quite attractive. High-end models may be made from precious metals or use materials like leather.
7. **Try a money clip with a card holder.** This is basically a small, square attached pocket where you can hold your credit cards. Storage size varies from model to model.
These give you a little more storage than other clips, which is nice if you have more than one or two cards you need to carry around. However, these are also a little bulkier.
8. **Try a money clip with a money band.** This is a small band of elastic or fabric that wraps around extra money or cards. This feature is often (but not always) offered in addition to a card holder.
These are great for holding odd-shaped items. Again, however, this feature makes the clip a little more bulky.
9. **Try a double-sided money clip.** Some money clips have an extra prong on the back side, giving you a second place to hold your money. The extra clip almost always works the same way as the first.
These offer more storage space and only make the clip a little bulkier. However, carrying money or cards on both sides means you'll have to let the clip sit in your pocket unless you can slide your clothing fabric between the items and the prong.
10. **Try a magnetic money clip.** These types of clips usually use two small magnets connected by a strap of leather or fabric. The magnets attract each other through the clip's contents to keep it shut.
The main downside here is that these aren't good for credit cards. The magnets can damage the card's magnetic strip and render it unusable over time.
11. **Narrow your wallet's contents down to the bare essentials.** Money clips hold much less than a standard wallet, so you'll want to get rid of anything you don't need to have on you. As a general rule, you'll want to carry and in your clip. You won't usually have room for much else.
Be ruthless about what you carry over from your wallet. Throw away whatever you have no use for. Remember, the great thing about a money clip is that it's so slim. Stuffing it full of unnecessary things will negate this.
12. **Choose which cards to carry in your money clip.** Even money clips with card holders may have less space for cards than your old wallet did. A few essentials you may want to have with you include the following:
. Your ID is necessary for many situations from traffic stops to alcohol purchases, and should always be on your person.
. Though you may have more than one, choose the debit card you'll use most often.
. As with debit cards, you may have more than one. Choose the one you use most often. You can always rotate out credit cards on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
13. **Find better locations for things that were once in your wallet.** Seldom-used items that are still important to have (like your library card and items like pictures or mementos) should be kept somewhere besides your money clip. Find new homes for these things in sensible, convenient places.
For example, your automobile club membership can stay in the glove compartment of your car. Your gym card can stay in your gym bag, and your work access card can stay in your briefcase or bag.
Don't forget where you're storing these items! You may want to carry a single folded-up note to yourself in your money clip until you get the hang of your new arrangement.
14. **Transfer a variety of bills to your clip.** The exact amount you decide to carry is up to you, but you should carry a good mixture of bills. By carrying a few bills of each denomination, you can pay for most purchases without adding too much change to your clip. For example, the following combination will let you cover any expense up to $89 without getting more than $1 in change:
Four $1 bills
One $5 bill
One $10 bill
One $20 bill
One $50 bill
Feel free to increase the number of $10, $20, and $50 bills as needed. You probably won't want to increase the number of $1 or $5 bills — you'll receive change in these denominations all the time. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Money-Clip", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean Your Sink with Baking Soda | Sinks get a lot of use, which means food and grime can build up in them. This can make them drain slowly or even look dingy. To use baking soda to clean your sink, buff baking soda into your sink and wash it away with white vinegar. To deal with a clogged drain, try flushing your sink with boiling water, baking soda, and white vinegar.
1. **Remove all of your dishes and give your sink a rinse.** To clean your sink, start with a fresh palette. Take out any dirty dishes you might have in the sink and rinse your entire sink with cool water. Make sure there are no food chunks stuck in the drain catch.
If your sink has a lot of food residue, squirt some dish soap in it before you rinse it out.
2. **Sprinkle a layer of baking soda over your entire sink.** Use a liberal amount of baking soda to cover your entire sink. Make sure to get the sides of the sink as well as the bottom. If you sprinkle too much in an area, use your fingers to gently brush it around the sink.
Shake the box of baking soda directly over the sink, or use a spoon to pick up a little bit at a time and sprinkle it around.
3. **Scrub the baking soda with a sponge in a circular motion.** Use a damp sponge to gently buff the baking soda into your sink. Go with the direction of the grain of your sink. Baking soda is mildly abrasive, so it will clean without scratching anything. Make sure to scrub every inch of your sink, or you may get streaks.
You can use a cloth instead of a sponge if you are worried about scratching your sink with an abrasive material.
4. **Pour vinegar over the entire sink.** The vinegar will react with the baking soda and foam up. Vinegar dissolves the baking soda and any grease or grime it has picked up, making it easier to wash down your drain. Pour enough vinegar to dissolve all of the baking soda in your sink.
Baking soda and vinegar will not clog your drain.
5. **Rinse the sink out with warm water.** Use your sink faucet to rinse all of the vinegar and baking soda down your drain. Warm water will help the baking soda dissolve even more. If you have a hose faucet extension, use that to rinse off your entire sink. Otherwise, use a cup to pour water over your entire sink.
If any vinegar or baking soda dries on your sink, it could leave streaks.
6. **Dry your sink with a clean cloth.** Wipe down the inside of your sink to ensure that the entire thing is clean. Check for any streaks or dirty spots left that you can use baking soda on again. Your sink will stay clean for at least 2 weeks.
If you want to shine your stainless steel sink, rub a lemon slice all over your sink after it is dry.
7. **Soak your drain covers in baking soda and vinegar for 15 minutes.** Drain covers can also get covered in food scraps and grime. Mix 1 cup (240 mL) of white vinegar and 1 tablespoon (14.4 g) of baking soda in a large bowl. Submerge your drain covers in the mixture and let them soak. Rinse them off with warm water and dry them with a clean towel.
The vinegar and baking soda mixture will foam up at first. Put your bowl in the sink to catch any drips that might happen.
8. **Pour a pot of boiling water down your drain.** Set a large pot of water on your stove on high heat. Wait until it is boiling and large bubbles appear at the top of the water. Use pot holders to carefully pick up your pot of boiling water and pour it directly down the drain of your sink. Boiling water helps to break up any super large clogs that are in your sink, and makes it easier for the baking soda and vinegar to work.
9. **Dump ½ cup (120 g) of baking soda down the drain.** Baking soda is a naturally abrasive agent and will work to break up clogs in your drain. Add baking soda to your drain and try to get as much down the drain as you can.
The baking soda may sit on top of the drain at first, and that’s okay.
10. **Pour 1 cup (240 mL) of white vinegar down the drain.** Vinegar will react with the baking soda and start to bubble up. Vinegar dissolves the baking soda as well as grease or grime that could be clogging your sink. Do not be alarmed if your drain starts to froth up; this means the reaction is working.
White vinegar is more acidic than normal vinegar, so it is better for cleaning.
11. **Pour 1 cup (240 mL) of hot water down your drain.** Hot water will also work to dissolve any grime that is in your drain. It will also work to dilute the vinegar and baking soda so that they go down your drain. Use your sink to pour about 1 cup (240 mL) of hot water down your drain.
12. **Flush your drain with another pot of boiling water.** Bring another pot of water to a boil on high heat. Carefully pour the pot of boiling water down the drain to flush out any remaining vinegar or baking soda. This final flush rinses any remaining sludge out of your drain.
If your drain is still clogged, you may need to try a harsher chemical drain cleaner. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Your-Sink-with-Baking-Soda", "language": "en"} |
How to Tell Your Husband You Want a Divorce | Maybe you've been unhappy in your marriage for years. Or maybe for the last two or three years, you've been thinking about divorce. Perhaps the only thing holding your marriage together is guilt over splitting up your family. But after a lot of thought (and perhaps counseling) you've decided it's time to tell your husband you want a divorce. Though it will be a difficult conversation to have, it's possible to have a discussion with him that is effective and clear.
1. **Consider your reasons for the divorce.** Divorce is often threatened during heated arguments, usually out of anger or frustration, to gain power and control over the other person, and to finally be taken seriously that you want real change.
Remind yourself that divorcing your partner is a huge decision, mentally, emotionally, and financially. You will also need to be willing to let go of a strong emotional attachment to your partner, so you should try to make the decision to get a divorce from a clear, unemotional standpoint.
Ask yourself: What is my intent in getting a divorce? Any other agenda, other than ending the marriage, is an indication you may not be ready to get a divorce. Divorce has no power to right wrongs or change people's hearts. Divorce can only end your marriage and your relationship with your partner.
Keep in mind that spouses who consistently threaten divorce can lose credibility with themselves and their partner. So, if you are serious about getting a divorce, you will need to express this to your partner in a clear, but appropriate way.
2. **Try not to blindside your husband.** In most cases, both spouses are usually aware there is something wrong with the marriage. You may have tried marital therapy together, done individual counseling, or had discussions about the troubles in the relationship. If possible, try to pursue counseling or therapy together first before jumping into a conversation about divorce.
If the feelings are mutual, you and your husband will have more options. If your husband has no idea, it can be a devastating conversation. Surprising your husband with this difficult news may also result in a more difficult transition for you both during the separation.
3. **Practice what you are going to say.** This is going to likely be a very hard conversation to have with your husband. So get out a piece of paper and write down a few possible things you may include when you tell your husband about the divorce.
Keep in mind you are about to break some bad news that will probably evoke strong emotions. Compose a few sentences that do not contain strong language or an angry tone.
Focus on using neutral language. Make “I” statements, such as: “Michael, I have some difficult news to tell you. I have reached a conclusion that you and I need to divorce.”
Avoid giving any false hope to your husband if you are serious about the divorce. Saying something like: “I haven't been happy for a long time. But I want to see if we can work on some of the things that are troubling me” will give your husband the impression you want to fix the marriage. So if this is not your intent, avoid statements like this.
4. **Find a private, quiet space.** Choose a time when you are both alone and no one is going to barge in during the conversation. Look for a space in your home, like the living room or the dining room, that is quiet and comfortable.
Turn off your cell phone and ask your husband to do the same. If you have children, ask a family member to watch them while you talk to your husband, uninterrupted.
5. **Have a third party in the room if you are worried about your safety.** Perhaps you are divorcing for troubling reasons, like your husband's angry or abusive behavior. If this is the care, have a third party present like a therapist or a counselor, or choose a more public place to talk to him.
You cannot control how well or how not well your husband takes the news. But if there is a history of violence or abuse in your marriage, make sure you have another person in the room with you.
You can also tell your husband over the phone if you are concerned about your safety and do not want to be in his presence when you tell him the news.
6. **Be calm, kind, and direct.** Treat the conversation with all the gentleness you would use if you were telling him a loved one had died. Be direct, but also compassionate.
Being respectful during the conversation will also make it easier to talk about other logistical things like shared custody of the children, if there are any, and the division of your financial assets.
7. **Focus on neutral language and “I” statements.** Do not try to assume how your husband is feeling about your marriage. Instead, report on the state of your own feelings and avoid placing any blame or shame on your husband.
For example: “I know this may be hard to hear, but I believe our marriage is over and I would like a divorce.” Or, “We have both tried but it's not working between us and I do not believe that any more counseling or therapy will help. I think the marriage is over and that we have to divorce.”
8. **Be prepared for an angry response.** Even if your husband may be aware there are issues in your marriage, he will likely be upset when you tell him you want a divorce. But it's important that you do not retaliate, try to defend yourself, or try to justify your decision.
For example, he may respond to you with: “This is just another example of you trying to run away from responsibility. You are so selfish and only think about yourself. I have given you everything I have. I've tried so hard to make this family and this home. I don't deserve this and the kids don't deserve this.”
Avoid a response like: “Don't lecture me. I'm leaving because I'm sick and tired of your childish crap. I'm sick of living in this house and I'm sick of living without sex or affection. I've tried to make this marriage work and you block me out whenever I ask you to change.” This response may feel good for about two minutes but will ultimately lead to a bitter fight.
Instead, respond with: “I know this is very painful and I am so sorry I am doing this. But I just can't see an alternative. I don't have the feelings that we would need to make it work. There is too much distance between us to overcome.”
This response is better because it is not defensive or angry. You are showing your husband that you feel your decision is correct and it is not coming from a place of self-defense. You are also showing your husband that you are aware that any anger or defensiveness from you will only create more anger and hurt between the both of you.
9. **Address the possibility of a trial separation.** Once his initial anger simmers down, your husband may try to negotiate with you on the terms of the separation. He may ask for a trial separation, where you both are separated but legally still married. Or he may ask you if you can both try therapy or counseling again. You should be prepared for these types of questions, especially if your husband will be devastated by your wish for a divorce.
If you are serious about the divorce, be firm about your decision. Tell your husband: “I don't think a trial separation is the answer. We have tried to fix our marriage and I don't think, at this point, it is going to work.”
10. **Avoid discussing the details of the divorce right away.** The initial talk with your husband will likely be emotionally charged. So don't rush into hashing out the details of the divorce when your first tell your husband of your desire to separate.
Reassure him that you are willing to work with him to achieve a fair and civil separation and to work with an attorney to find the best arrangement for the both of you.
11. **Give your husband time to process the information.** Although you are both now anxious about the future and the details of the divorce, assure your husband that he can take some time to think about what you have discussed.
Acknowledge that the divorce will create some big changes for both of you. Then, let him know you are going to be staying with a family member or friend for a few days. Or that you would like him to stay somewhere else so he can process the information.
For example: “Thank you for listening to my thoughts, I really appreciate it. I know this is a lot to process. So take your time and think about what I have said.”
12. **Decide on your living arrangements.** It's a good idea to determine if you are going to be staying in the home or if you are going to move out. Coming to an agreement about the living arrangements will help you both to adjust to this big change. Remind your husband that the living arrangements are temporary until the divorce is finalized.
13. **Discuss breaking the news to the children, if any.** If you and your husband have children, you will both need to agree on the best time and place to break the news. You should both sit your children down together, after dinner in a common area like the living room or the dining room, and explain the details of the divorce.
Tell the truth. Your kids are entitled to know why you are getting a divorce, but very detailed reasons may only confuse them. Pick something simple and honest, like “We can't get along anymore.” You may need to remind your children that while sometimes parents and kids don't always get along, parents and kids don't stop loving each other or get divorced from each other. In general, younger children need less detail, while older children may need more details about the divorce.
Say “I love you.” However simple it may sound, letting your children know that your love for them hasn't changed is a powerful message. Tell them you'll still be caring for them in every way, from fixing their breakfast to helping with homework, and that you will both always be there for them.
Address changes. Preempt your kids' questions about changes in their lives by acknowledging that some things will be different now, and other things won't. Let them know that together you can deal with each detail as you go.
Avoid blame. Try not to be critical of your husband or his actions. Agree in advance to show a unified front and tell your children the same reasons for the divorce. Explain the temporary living situation with your children and when the divorce will be finalized.
14. **Keep your distance.** Though it may be tempting to console your husband by showing physical affection toward him, it's important to maintain your distance and not fall back into the habits of your marriage. You want to avoid sending him mixed signals or hurting him further by staying emotionally or physically involved with him. Demonstrate how serious you are about the divorce by keeping your distance.
15. **Take your children with you if you are dealing with an abusive husband.** Don't be afraid to do this if your husband threatens he will take the children from you. In fact, a judge will likely be more sympathetic towards you if you remove your children from a potentially dangerous situation with your husband.
You want to also give your controlling husband as little power as possible, and this means taking the children away from his control.
You may need to ask for help from a friend to leave the family home and get away from your husband.
16. **Get a restraining order if you are concerned about your safety.** If you are trying to divorce an abusive husband, it's important to have a plan in place to protect yourself and your children, if you have any. A restraining order can give you a legal way to create distance between you and your husband. You may want to get the restraining order before you tell your husband you want a divorce or once you and your children are in a safe place, away from your spouse.
The most dangerous time for an abused woman is the first 24 hours after a restraining order has been issued. If you feel unsafe and decide to get a restraining order, ask the police if they can drive by your house. You can also contact your local shelter to see if you can stay in a safe house until things are settled.
17. **Get an attorney.** It is much easier to have a collaborative approach to the divorce. It's also less expensive if you and your husband are able to settle your issues without legal involvement.
If it is not possible to keep a lawyer out of it, make sure you hire an attorney that is willing to litigate your case before a judge. The attorney should know the value of settling the divorce quickly, but he should also be willing to fight for you in court should the need arise.
Interview at least three attorneys before you decide on one. Look for a divorce attorney who has at least 5-10 years experience practicing family and divorce law.
18. **Gather your financial information.** You need a clear picture of where you and your spouse stand financially. One of the main goals of a divorce is to have an equitable distribution of marital assets and debts. To get your fair share, you need to know what is owned by you and your husband and what is owed by you and your husband. To do this:
Make a list of all possible assets that you own or partly own. Some shared marital assets are obvious. The marital home and any financial accounts and vehicles are assets that should be split equitably. Other assets might include artwork, pension plans, inheritances, or belongings brought into the marriage.
Gather all documentation for each asset, including present value, when and where the asset was purchased, and whether it was purchased with joint or separate funds. Turn over all documentation to your attorney and keep a copy for yourself.
Determine the debt in your marriage. When determining what you owe, it doesn't matter whose name any debts are in. Marital debt will be split based on who is more financially able to pay the debt, not by whose name the debt is in. The easiest way to determine marital debt is to get a copy of your credit report. Turn this information over to your attorney as well.
Determine your income. If you and your husband are salaried employees, give your attorney a copy of your most recent pay stubs and your most recent Income Tax Return.
19. **Prepare a post-divorce budget.** It's important that you figure out how you are going to live once you are divorced.
Think about your living costs, and how much income you will have after the divorce. Some women experience a major drop income post divorce. So avoid getting dinged with bills you can't pay by creating a budget for yourself.
Figuring out your expenses post-divorce will also influence how you negotiate your divorce settlement. Your attorney can use this information to determine your settlement options or what you may ask for if your case goes to court. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Tell-Your-Husband-You-Want-a-Divorce", "language": "en"} |
How to Change a Child's Legal Name | You may want to change your child’s name because of remarriage, divorce, or another reason. Alternately, your minor child might want to change their name. The process of changing a child's legal name will differ depending on the state. Generally, you will need to file a petition with the court where the child lives and pay a filing fee. If the court agrees that the name change is in the child’s best interest, then you can change the child’s birth certificate.
1. **Understand the reasons a name change will be granted.** The proposed name change must be approved by a judge, and approval will not be given in every circumstance. Often, a name change will be granted in the following situations:
Both parents petition the court for the name change
One parent petitions the court and the other parent, after notification, does not object
One parent petitions the court and the other parent either cannot be found or has abandoned the child
2. **Analyze whether the name change is in the child’s “best interest.”** If the other parent objects to the name change, then the court will have to hold a hearing. At the hearing, the judge will have to decide whether a name change is in the child’s best interest. There is no one definition of “best interest,” but the court will consider a variety of factors:
the length of time that the child has used the current name
the effect a name change will have on preserving the child’s relationship with both parents
the child’s relationship with each parent
the child’s need to identify with a new family unit through the use of a common name
the wishes of the child (if older)
any other relevant factor
3. **Talk to the child.** In some states, a child must agree to a name change once they reach a certain age. In Texas, a child over 10 must agree to the name change.
Even if the child is young, you should still ask the child how they feel about a name change. Courts will consider this a relevant factor in deciding whether to grant a name change.
4. **Consult with the child's other parent.** Most states and judges require that both parents agree before they will change a child's name. If the other parent will not agree, you may still ask the court for a change and explain your reasons at a hearing. By talking with the other parent, you can feel out whether or not they will object to the name change.
If the other parent agrees, then you will want to discuss plans for filling out the paperwork and potentially attending the hearing together.
5. **Find the correct court.** You will need to petition a court to change the child’s name. The court you use will depend on your state’s rules. In many states, you go to the court in the county where the child lives.
Some states, such as Michigan, require the child to have lived in the county for at least one year.
If you don’t know where to go, call your court clerk and ask which court you would use.
6. **Gather necessary documents.** You may need to present to the court the child’s birth certificate and/or a death certificate for a parent.
To get a birth certificate, you can visit your state’s Vital Statistics office. You should be able to order birth certificates through the VitalChek website.
To get a death certificate, see wikiHow’s How to Acquire a Death Certificate for more information.
7. **Collect the necessary forms.** Each state should have pre-printed, “fill in the blank” forms for you to use. Often, a state will have different forms depending on whether the other parent agrees or objects to the name change. The forms may go by different names depending on the state. You can ask the court clerk or look on the court’s website.
In West Virginia, you must fill out a Petition, which can be found here. You must also file a Civil Case Information Statement, which is available here.
In Texas you would fill out an “Original Joint Petition for Child’s Name Change” if both parents agree. You would also need a “Child’s Consent To Name Change” form (if the child is over 10) and an “Agreed Order Granting Child’s Name Change.” If both parents don’t agree, then you would file an “Original Petition for Change of Name.” A sample form for Collin County is available here.
In Michigan, you would need a “Petition to Change Name,” which is available here.
8. **Fill out the forms.** Fill out the forms using a typewriter or a pen with blue or black ink. Each state’s form may ask for slightly different information, but you will probably be asked for:
the child’s current name and age
each parent’s name and address
confirmation that the child is a resident of the county where you will file the petition
the reason for the name change
the new name requested
confirmation that a name change isn’t sought to avoid debt/creditors or any law regarding identity
agreement that the petitioner is not a registered sex offender
agreement that the name change is not sought for an illegal or improper purpose, such as evading detection or arrest
confirmation that the petitioner is not a convicted felon
9. **Have the petition verified.** You may need to sign your petition in front of a notary. Notaries may be found at most large banks and at courthouses.
You may also be able to find a notary by visiting your state’s Secretary of State website, which might run a directory of notaries.
Be sure to bring acceptable methods of personal identification. Typically, a valid driver’s license or passport will suffice.
10. **File the forms.** After you have filled out the forms and had them notarized, you need to take them all to the court clerk to file. Be sure to make at least three copies: one for the other parent and two copies for your records.
When you file the original forms, the court clerk will stamp them with the date. Make sure to have all of your copies stamped as well.
11. **Pay the fee.** You may have to pay a filing fee. The fee varies widely by state and by court. In New York, you will pay $65. In Thurston County, Washington, you will pay a total fee of $151.00. Call ahead of time to ask the clerk for the amount and acceptable methods of payment.
If you cannot afford the fee, then ask for a fee waiver form.
Fee waiver forms often ask for financial information, such as your current yearly take-home pay from all sources (job, benefits, public assistance, alimony, etc.) You probably will also be asked for monthly expenses, such as mortgage, rent, car payment, loan payments, food, utilities, and medical care. If you don’t think you can afford the fee, then gather this financial information so that you can fill out the waiver form accurately.
12. **Serve notice to the other parent.** You need to notify the other parent that you have petitioned the court to change the child’s name. You must give this notice even if you have sole custody. Talk to the clerk about acceptable methods of serving notice.
Typically, notice can be sent in a variety of ways. For example, the other parent could sign an Acceptance of Service form in front of a notary. You would then file it with the court.
The other parent can often be notified through personal service, either using the sheriff or a private process server. You will probably have to pay a fee. Process servers cost around $45-70. It usually costs a little less to use the sheriff.
Many courts will also allow anyone over 18 who is not a party to the court action to serve the papers. Whoever provides personal service will typically have to file with the court an affidavit attesting that service was made.
13. **Publish notice.** You may have to file Legal Notice in a print publication, such as a legal newspaper. In West Virginia, you must publish a notice in a newspaper in the county where you filed the petition at least 10 days before the hearing.
Ask the clerk for a list of acceptable newspapers. You may be limited to specific ones.
You may have to pay a fee in order to publish the name change. Fees can vary. For example, in Genesee County, Michigan, you will have to pay $80.25 to publish in the Flint-Genesee County Legal News. In Orange County, California, you can publish in The Notice for a $60 flat fee.
If you can’t afford the fee, then you should be able to motion the court for a fee waiver. Ask the clerk for the form.
14. **File proof of publication.** After the name change has appeared in the newspaper, you will need to file proof with the court. Ask the clerk for what form you need to fill out.
15. **Attend a hearing.** At the hearing, the judge will review the information in the petition. The judge may also go through the prohibited reasons for getting a name change and ask you to testify under oath that you are not seeking the name change for a prohibited reason.
If the other parent objects, then the court will need to hear the reasons for the objection. Ultimately, the court must decide whether the name change is in your child’s best interest.
You may be tasked with writing the order, which the judge will sign. You can ask the court clerk when you pick up your forms whether or not you must fill out an order. Typically, there will be a form for you to fill out.
16. **Get a certified order.** If the name change is granted, then the judge will sign an order to that effect. You will then need a certified order, Name Change Certificate, or some other official document to present to Social Security and to have your child’s name changed on a birth certificate. If the name change is granted, ask the clerk what form you will need.
17. **Notify the Bureau of Vital Statistics.** Once a name change is ordered, the name on the child’s birth certificate does not automatically change. You will need to contact your state’s Vital Statistics department and present them with the necessary form.
After the change is made on the birth certificate, you should get certified copies of the birth certificate. You may need them in the future and should have a couple copies handy.
18. **Contact Social Security.** You need to alert the Social Security Administration of a child’s name change and complete an application for a corrected Social Security card (if the child already has one). The number will stay the same though the name will be changed.ocial Security Administration website
You can download this application and fill it out. You can then submit it to any Social Security office.
Find the office nearest you by using this Locator.
19. **Tell your child’s school of the name change.** Make sure that the school knows of the child’s name change. Also notify any medical professional who your child has received services from, such as doctors, dentists, and therapists. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Change-a-Child%27s-Legal-Name", "language": "en"} |
How to Grow Avocados | Avocados — the smooth, creamy, nutrient-filled fruit that is essential to dishes like guacamole, can be grown from the pit that is leftover after eating the fruit. Though avocado trees grown from a pit can take quite some time to produce fruit of their own (sometimes as long as 7-15 years), growing an avocado tree is a fun, rewarding project that leaves you with a great-looking tree in the meantime. Once your tree is grown, you can wait for avocados to begin growing or jump start the process by grafting or budding productive plant limbs to your tree. Regardless of the method you choose, learn how to grow your own avocados from scratch by starting with Step 1 below!
1. **Find a warm growing spot with partial sunlight.** As subtropical plants, avocados love sun. Native to Central America, Mexico, and the West Indies, avocados evolved to thrive in warm, humid environments. Though avocados have been bred to grow in locales as far away as California, they always require good sunlight to grow well. However, paradoxically, young avocado plants can be damaged by excessive direct sunlight (especially before they've had time to develop extensive leaves). Because of this, if you are growing an avocado plant from a single pit, you will want to pick a growing spot that has access to good sun during some parts of the day but is not constantly in direct sunlight.
Sunny windowsills are great growing sites for avocados. In addition to ensuring that the avocados only receive sunlight during part of the day, indoor windowsills allow you to carefully control the temperature and humidity that the plant is exposed to.
2. **Avoid cold, wind, and frost.** For the most part, avocado plants do not do well in inclement weather. Snow, cold winds, and rapid temperature drops, which can be harmful even to hardier plants, can outright kill avocado plants. If you live in a tropic or subtropic climate with fairly mild winters, you may be able to get away with keeping your avocado plant outside year-round. However, if you live in an area where the winter temperature is likely to drop below freezing, you will want to prepare to move your maturing plant indoors for the winter to protect it from the elements.
Different avocado varieties have different tolerances for cold temperatures. In general, the common avocado varieties listed below will receive significant freezing damage at the temperatures indicated:
West Indian — 28-29 F (-2.2-1.7 C)
Guatemalan — 27-29 F (-2.8-1.7 C)
Hass — 25-29 F (-3.9-1.7 C)
Mexican — 21-27 F (-6.1-2.8 C)
3. **Use rich soil with good drainage.** Like a variety of other common garden plants, avocados do best in a loose, rich soil. These types of soils provide great nutrient content to help the plant grow strong while also reducing the danger of over-watering and allowing for great aeration. For the best growing results, try having a supply of this type of soil (like, for instance, one rich in humus and organic matter) ready to use as a potting medium by the time your avocado's roots and stem are well-established.
To be clear, you do not necessarily need your potting soil ready at the very beginning of the growing process, as avocado pits are started in water before being transferred to soil.
4. **Use a soil with fairly low pH.** Like many other common garden plants, avocados grow best in soils that have a low pH (in other words, soils that are acidic, rather than alkaline or basic). For the best results, try to plant your avocado in soil with a pH of 5-7. At higher pH levels, the avocado plant's ability to absorb vital nutrients like iron and zinc can significantly decrease, hindering its growth.
If your soil pH is too high, consider using a pH-lowering technique like adding organic matter or introducing alkaline-tolerant plants to your garden. You can also achieve good results with a soil additive like aluminum sulfate or sulfur. For more tricks, see How to Lower Soil pH.
5. **Remove and wash the pit.** Getting the pit from a ripe avocado is easy. Use a knife to slice the avocado down the middle lengthwise across both sides, then grab and twist to separate the halves. Dig the pit out of the half of the fruit that it is stuck to. Finally, wash any excess avocado matter that is stuck to the pit until it is perfectly clean and smooth.
Do not throw the avocado fruit away — try making guacamole, spreading it on a piece of toast, or eating it raw as a delicious, nutritious snack.
6. **Suspend the pit in water.** Avocado pits shouldn't be planted directly into the ground — instead, they need to be started in water until their roots and stem are developed enough to support the plant. An easy way to suspend your pit in water is to stick three toothpicks into the sides of the pit and place the pit so that it sits in the rim of a cup or large bowl. Do not worry — this does not hurt the plant. Fill the cup or bowl with water until the bottom of the pit is just submerged.
Make sure that your pit is sitting in the water right side up. The top of the pit should be ever-so-slightly rounded or pointed (like the top of an egg), while the bottom, which is in the water, should be slightly flatter and may have a patchy discoloration compared to the rest of the pit.
7. **Place by a sunny window and replace water as needed.** Next, place your pit and its water-filled container in a spot where it will receive occasional (but rarely direct) sunlight, like a windowsill that only receives a few hours of sun per day. Once a week, empty the container and refill with fresh water to keep it clean. Top up with more water mid-week if the level drops below the bottom of the pit. Within a few weeks to about a month and a half, you should notice roots begin to emerge from the bottom of the pit an a small stem begin to emerge from the top.
The initial stage of inactivity can take from about two to six weeks. Your pit may not appear to be doing anything, but be patient — eventually, you will see the beginnings of the plant's roots and stem begin to emerge.
8. **When the stem is about six inches long, cut it back.** As the avocado's roots and stem begin to grow, continue monitoring its progress and replacing its water as needed. When the stem reaches a height of about six inches, prune it back to about three inches. Within a few weeks, this should lead to the development of new roots and cause the stem to eventually grow into a wider, fuller tree.
9. **Plant your avocado pit.** A few weeks after its first pruning, when the avocado plant's roots are thick and developed and its stem has grown new leaves, you should finally transfer it to a pot. Remove the toothpicks and place the pit roots-down in in an organic matter-rich soil with good drainage. For best results, use a pot about 10-12 inches (25.4-30.5 centimeters) in diameter. Smaller pots can eventually cause the plant to become root-bound, inhibiting its growth if you do not transfer it to a new pot.
Do not bury the pit completely in the soil — bury the roots, but leave the top half exposed.
10. **Water the plant frequently.** As soon as you pot your avocado plant, give it a good watering, soaking its soil gently but thoroughly. Going forward, you'll want to water just enough to keep the soil slightly damp without ever causing the soil to look saturated or muddy.
11. **Harden off the avocado plant.** Whenever you move a plant outdoors, it helps to expose it to outdoor conditions gradually, or "harden it off". Start the pot in a location that gets indirect sun for most of the day. Gradually move it to brighter and brighter areas. Eventually it will be ready for constant, direct sunlight.
12. **Pinch the leaves off after every six inches of growth.** Once your plant has been plotted, continue with your regimen of frequent watering and strong sunlight as it begins to grow. Periodically, monitor its progress with a ruler or tape measure. When the plant's stem reaches a height of about one foot, pinch off any new leaves growing from the tip of the stem, leaving the others intact. As the plant continues to grow, pinch off the newest, highest sets of leaves every time it grows another six inches.
This encourages the plant to grow new shoots, leading to a fuller, healthier looking avocado tree in the long run. Do not worry about hurting your plant — avocados are hardy enough to recover from this routine pruning without a problem.
13. **Grow your seedling to about 2-3 feet (0.** As noted above, growing an avocado tree from a pit doesn't necessarily mean that you'll be able to grow your own avocados within a practical time frame. Some avocado trees can take a few years to start producing fruit,, while others may struggle to produce fruit for much longer or may even never bear good fruit. To speed this process up and ensure your tree produces great fruit, use the technique that professional growers use — budding. To bud, you'll need access to an avocado tree that is already producing good fruit and an avocado seedling that is at least 24 to 30 inches (60 to 75 centimeters) tall.
If you can, try to find a "producer" tree that is hardy and disease-free in addition to producing good fruit. A successful budding physically joins your two plants together, so you'll want to use the healthiest plants possible to avoid issues with their health down the road.
14. **Start in spring.** It's easiest to join the two plants together while they are actively growing, and before the weather gets too dry. Get started in spring and expect the process to take about four weeks.
15. **Make a T-shaped cut in the seedling.** Using a sharp knife, make a T-shaped cut on the plant's stem about 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 centimeters) from the ground. Cut horizontally through about one third of the stem's thickness, then turn the knife and cut about an inch down the stem towards the ground. Use the knife to peel the bark away from the stem.
Obviously, you'll want to avoid cutting too far into the stem. Your goal is to "open up" the bark along the side of the stem so that you can join a new limb to it, not to damage the seedling.
16. **Cut a bud from the "producer" tree.** Next, find a healthy-looking bud on the fruit-producing tree you've selected. Remove it from the tree by making a diagonal cut that starts about 1/2 inch (1.2 centimeters) below the bud and ends about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) below it. If the bud is in the middle of a section of branch or twig, rather than at its tip, make a cut an inch above the bud as well to remove it,
17. **Join the bud to the seedling.** Next, slide the bud clipping you removed from the "producer" tree into the T-shaped cut on the seedling. You want the green material under the bark of each plant to touch — if this does not happen, the budding may fail. Once the bud clipping is seated in the slit of the seedling's cut, secure it in its place with rubber bands or budding rubber (a specialty substance available at most gardening stores).
18. **Wait for the bud to take.** If your budding effort succeeds, the bud clipping and the seedling should eventually heal together, forming one seamless plant. Following a spring joining, this process usually happens within a month. Once the plant is fully healed, you may remove your rubber bands or budding rubber. If desired, you can also carefully cut the stem of the original plant an inch or two above the new offshoot to make it the new "main" branch.
Keep in mind that avocados planted from seed can take 5-13 years or more before they flower and produce fruit.
19. **Water frequently, but avoid over-watering.** Compared to other plants in your garden, avocado plants may require lots of water. However, it's important to remember that over-watering is a potential problem for nearly all plants, including avocados. Try to avoid watering so frequently or thoroughly that the avocado tree's soil looks liquid or muddy. Use a soil with good drainage (one rich in organic matter is usually a good bet). If your tree is in a pot, be sure that the pot contains drainage holes in the bottom to allow the water to escape. Follow these simple tips, and your plant should be free from the danger of over-watering.
If your plant's leaves begin to turn yellow and you have been watering frequently, this may be a sign of over-watering. Immediately stop watering and begin again only once the soil is dry.
20. **Fertilize only occasionally.** You may not need fertilizer at all to grow a strong, healthy avocado tree. However, if they're used sensibly, fertilizers can noticeably boost a young plant's growth. Once the tree is well established, add balanced citrus fertilizer to the soil during the growing season according to the directions included with the fertilizer. Do not overdo it — when it comes to commercial fertilizer, it is usually best to be somewhat conservative. Always water after fertilizing to ensure the fertilizer is absorbed into the soil and delivered directly to the plant's roots.
Like many plants, avocados generally should not be fertilized when they are very young, as they can be very susceptible to the "burn" that can result from overusing fertilizer. Try waiting at least a year before fertilizing.
21. **Watch for signs of salt buildup.** Compared to other plants, avocados can be especially vulnerable to the buildup of salt in the soil. Avocado plants suffering from high salt levels may have slightly wilted leaves with "burnt", brown tips where excess salt is accumulating. To lower the salinity (saltiness) of your soil, change your watering practices. At least once a month, try to water heavily, soaking the soil. The heavy water flow carries built-up salts deep into the soil, below the roots where they'll be less harmful to the plant.
Potted plants are especially susceptible to salt buildup. Once a month, place the pot in a sink or outside, then let water flow completely through the pot and drain out the bottom.
22. **Know how to beat common avocado pests and ailments.** Like any agricultural crop, avocado plants can suffer from a variety of pests and diseases that may threaten the quality of the plant's fruit or even endanger the entire plant. Knowing how to recognize and solve these issues is crucial to maintaining a healthy, productive avocado tree. Below are just a few of the most common avocado pests and illnesses — for more information, consult a botanical resource:
Cankers — "Rusty", sunken sores on the plant that may ooze gum. Cut cankers from affected branches. Cankers on the trunk of the tree may kill the plant.
Root rot — Usually caused by over-watering. Causes yellowing leaves, wilting, and eventual decay even when all other conditions for growth are being met. Immediately stop over-watering and, if severe, dig up the roots to expose them to air. Sometimes fatal to plant.
Wilts and Blights — "Dead" patches on the tree. Fruits and leaves within these patches wither and die. Remove the affected areas from the tree immediately and wash the tools you use to do so before using them again.
Lace bugs — Cause yellow spots on leaves that quickly dry out. Damaged leaves my die and drop from the branch. Use a commercial pesticide or a natural insect-killing substance like pyrethrin.
Borers — Bore into tree, creating small holes that may ooze sap. Preventative cure is best — keeping trees healthy and well-nourished makes it harder for trees to be affected. If borers are present, remove and discard any affected branches to decrease their spread. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Avocados", "language": "en"} |
How to Support Someone Stuck in a Controlling Relationship | If you have a friend in an abusive relationship where their partner is overly controlling, it can be difficult to know what to do. It’s a tough situation. On one hand, you want to do everything you can to help. On the other, how do you know if it’s your place to get involved? In this article, we’ll help you figure out the best possible way to support your friend and potentially get them out of a bad situation. We’ll also walk you through the steps you can take once you’ve chosen your course of action.
1. **Set up a time to talk in person.** Choose a private, safe location. Avoid having the conversation over text or email, as the person’s partner may have access to their computer and phone.
Avoid making a big deal of this conversation beforehand, or your friend (or their partner) may be suspicious of your motives. Just say something like, “Hey, I miss you. Can we get together sometime soon for a chat?”
2. **Express your concern.** Once you’re together in a private place, tell your friend or family member that you’re worried about them. Back up your concern with specific things you’ve observed about their relationship.
For instance, say, “I’ve noticed that Joe puts you down whenever you talk about looking for a better job. That doesn’t seem very healthy or supportive.”
Don't hesitate to continue expressing your concern in future meetings if the problem continues.
3. **Avoid attacking the character of the person’s partner.** Your friend or family member may love their partner, despite their flaws. If you talk about what a terrible person you think their partner is, they could get defensive and shut down the conversation.
Don’t criticize the person for staying with their partner, either. They won’t want to talk to you if they feel judged.
Instead of saying, “Jane is bad news. I can’t believe you let her dictate your schedule,” say something like, “I’ve noticed that Jane doesn’t want you to see your friends on the weekends anymore. How do you feel about that?”
4. **Listen to what your friend or family member tells you.** Let the other person steer the conversation. Try to suspend your judgment of their relationship, and don’t interrupt them. Instead, focus on understanding what they have to say.
Take the person seriously, no matter what they tell you. They understand their relationship better than anyone else does.
Ask good follow-up questions to make sure you’re understanding them fully. Try, "So, what you're saying is you feel like you have to stay even though you are unhappy?"
Reassure the person that any abusive behavior they’re experiencing is not their fault. “Don’t beat yourself up about this. I know that’s easier said than done, but this is her fault, not yours.”
5. **Offer to help your friend or family member however you can.** Ask them what they need. Let them know that you’re there for them and want to support them.
Don’t make assumptions about what your friend or family member wants or needs. Let them tell you what kind of support is best.
This kind of conversation may have to take place on numerous occasions over time. Just be steady rather than pushy.
Your friend or family member may not be ready to leave their relationship. If that’s the case, let them know that you’ll still be there to help them if and when they ever need anything.
6. **Help the person find resources for dealing with their situation.** Find some reading materials about controlling relationships, locate counselors in your area, and track down the numbers of some helpful hotlines. Share these resources with your friend or family member.
Do not give the person pamphlets or books to read unless they have a safe, private place to keep them. Likewise, don’t send them information online unless their partner does not have access to their computer and phone.
7. **Offer to help the person leave the relationship.** Many people stay in their controlling relationships because leaving is too logistically difficult. If your friend or family member wants to leave but doesn’t know how, offer to keep their personal items at your house, give them rides to counseling appointments, or let them stay with you while they look for an apartment.
Don’t promise more than you can realistically give. Once you make the offer, the other person will depend on you to follow through.
8. **Remain supportive even if the person doesn’t leave right away.** Sometimes it takes a long time for a person who’s being abused to work up the courage to leave their partner. Remain available and supportive for your friend or family member, even if it’s painful to see them in a bad relationship.
Your ongoing support and willingness to listen may mean more to the other person than you realize.
Avoid pressuring the person to leave their partner, or they may turn away from you. If they leave, it has to be their own choice.
9. **Notice patterns of isolation.** A controlling person often discourages or forbids their partner from spending time with others. They may speak badly of their partner’s friends and family or act jealous when their partner sees other people.
If your friend or family member has become less and less available after getting together with their partner, it could be a warning sign that their partner is trying to isolate them.
If the person tells you their partner doesn’t approve of their friends or social life, it could be another red flag.
10. **Be alert for excessive criticism.** Controlling people try to gain the upper hand over their partner by breaking down their self-esteem. One way they do this is by criticizing their partner’s appearance, personality, or abilities. Criticism may be overt, or it may take the form of backhanded compliments or hurtful “jokes.”
Notice if the person’s partner says things like “You’d look so great if you lost some weight” or “Why are you going back to school? You were no good at school before.”
11. **Keep an eye out for manipulative behavior.** Does the person’s partner get them to do things they normally wouldn’t do? Using guilt, threats, or pressure to control a partner’s behavior is a common tactic in unhealthy relationships.
If your friend or family member has been acting out of character lately, consider whether their partner might have something to do with it.
Statements like “If you ever left me, I’d probably kill myself” or “I do all these things for you, and then you repay me by making your own plans and leaving me alone” are giveaways of a manipulative relationship.
Be aware that your friend's safety or even life might be threatened, and they could be unwilling to disclose that. The harder it is for them to make contact with you, the more serious the situation may be.
12. **Notice if your friend’s partner is suspicious or nosy.** Controlling partners always want to know what the other person is doing and with whom. If your friend or family member has to call their partner frequently to check in, or if they have to get their partner’s permission to make plans with other people, the relationship is probably unhealthy.
Another major red flag is if the person’s partner reads their text and email conversations. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Support-Someone-Stuck-in-a-Controlling-Relationship", "language": "en"} |
How to Attract Scorpio Guys | Scorpios are some of the most private people. Even if you think you know them, they still have layers of mystery about them. But once you start peeling back those layers, Scorpios can have an emotional depth that is hard to match. If you want to learn more about how to get closer to these elusive men, you can learn more about what it takes to understand, talk to, and date the Scorpio. This article is based on an interview with our astrologer and performance artist, Angel Eyedealism. Check out the full interview here.
1. **Learn to recognize the personality traits of the Scorpio.** Scorpios tend to be very powerful individuals who exhibit the drive and energy of Mars, as well as the dark energy of Pluto. Scorpio men tend to have a quiet and brooding intensity. You won't usually find them playing the role of class clown. In general, Scorpios will exhibit the following qualities:
Loyalty
Resourcefulness
Intensity
Passion
Jealousy
Seriousness
2. **Decide what you want from your relationship.** Do you want a casual relationship with few attachments? Or a closer, long-term relationship that's a little more serious? Scorpios can be very intense and sexual in the short term, and can develop that passion into a deep and lasting bond, but learning to negotiate these differences is essential to the success of the relationship.
Scorpios can be great for a fling, making them ideal short-term partners. They sometimes struggle with long-term commitment, however. No matter what you want, go into it looking to make a connection, not with preconceived notions of what a relationship should be like.
Sometimes, people who talk about finding a Scorpio mate are looking for a sense of danger or drama. Looking for a "bad boy." Instead, focus on getting to know this guy and seeing where it leads.
3. **Evaluate your own astrological chart.** Dating a Scorpio is a good choice if you are have a predominance of the water signs like Cancer or Pisces in your chart. This allows you to empathize with his moods, emotional undercurrents. and unspoken thoughts.
If you possess fire signs (Leo, Aries or Sagittarius), you may clash constantly with him and resent all the darkness and gloom Scorpios are famous for exhibiting.
In general, someone with lots of air signs like Libra, Aquarius, Gemini would not work with someone who has a Scorpio Sun, because your spontaneity may make him miserable.
If you are an Earthy person, you may enjoy having a Scorpio mate. But your love of material things and pragmatism could clash with his idealistic, dreamy and philosophical side. Sometimes the combination works, and sometimes it doesn't.
4. **Act naturally and prove your trustworthiness.** Scorpios can tell right off if you're being fake. They are the best lie detectors, and value sincerity and trustworthiness in prospective partners. You can know that they will never share a secret you trust them with, and for your own good, you'd best not be spreading any of theirs.
Never lie to a scorpio. Breaking trust can be one of the quickest ways of turning a Scorpio guy off and losing him. Even if you think the truth will hurt, it'll be better to be completely honest.
5. **Show that you have some substance.** Talk with him about subjects which excite your passion. Many Scorpios secretly feel that the rest of the world lives on the surface of life while they go spelunking into the depths. Show him that you have investigated a few deep caves of meaning as well. Cut right for the heart of an issue and talk about big topics. Scorpios can spot insincerity a mile away, and will turn the other way when they see it coming.
It will help if you are as intrigued by some of Scorpio's favorite subjects like science, political power and the occult.
Stay up on current events and world issues. Voice your opinion about what's going on and ask him what he thinks as well. Don't shy away from a good debate. Challenge him on things you disagree about and stand up for yourself.
6. **Share some intense emotional secrets with a Scorpio.** Scorpios are driven by the desire to lose themselves fully in The Other, to achieve an almost mystical state of Kundalini with another person that makes them feel regenerated, renewed, and reborn. Scorpios want to get to know you on an intimate level, but may shy away from making the first move.
Be forthright and answer questions he asks as sincerely as possible. If a Scorpio asks a question, he's not just asking to be polite. Scorpios truly want to know and understand you and figure out why you are the way you are. Clue him into what makes you tick.
A Scorpio will appreciate learning more about you, for Scorpios are cursed with craving intense emotional honesty. They often feel that nobody will ever truly understand them, but struggle to express themselves without some encouragement.
7. **Spend time contemplating the same things together.** Scorpios are serious and will appreciate your desire to have serious conversations, or to spend time reflecting together. Scorpios don't need constant entertainment or constant chatter in their lives, but do require a lot of time spend in reflection. When you're with him, it's ok to share silence comfortably. Don't look for easy solutions or easy entertainments.
Talk about recent books that you've both read, or difficult films that you've seen. Don't brush things off by saying, "I didn't like it." Instead, think about it. Discuss it. Wrestle with things together.
Don't fill time by rambling. When you talk, it should be in terms of substance, sharing your hopes, fears, and dreams. No Twitter updates.
8. **Give him your undivided attention.** When you're with a Scorpio, focus your attention on being together, and doing what you're doing. Shut off and put away your cell phone when you're hanging out and talking, so this guy won't feel and if he's being ignored.
Make eye contact while you're talking. Practice active listening skills, summarizing the things that he says and responding to them in turn.
9. **Don't pry into his life, but listen to what he reveals.** A Scorpio prides himself on being mysterious and layered, and it might take a while to get to know him. But he'll appreciate the chance to share with you, if you play your cards right. Listen when he talks and look for opportunities to get him to open up even more.
If a Scorpio says something, take it to the bank. It will mean a lot to him later if you remember little details, like the name of his best friend from school, or the name of his favorite pet from childhood. These little details show you care.
Don't tease Scorpios. If you want to leave your conversation with humor, keep it a bit dark and sarcastic. A Scorpio man is not attracted by goofiness or silliness since it tends to deflate the intensity of a conversation.
10. **Treat each date as an opportunity for adventure.** If you date a Scorpio, aim to keep things exciting. Try to stay have new adventures together, giving him the the motivation he needs to be endlessly fascinated by you.
Change the language you use to talk about your dates. Don't make vague plans like seeing "a movie" or "going out," and instead say that you want to "Catch a screening of a great new documentary" or you want to "Explore a few new places down by the waterfront." Make date ideas specific and engaging.
Be willing to change plans at the last minute, if something doesn't work out, or if he's not into a particular idea. Learn to fly by the seat of your pants when you're dating a Scorpio.
Try to plan things that are exciting for you. A Scorpio is interested in passion, and even if he's not as passionate as you are about a particular activity, he'll be turned on by your zest for it.
11. **Go on dates that make you physically intimate.** Want to get closer to a Scorpio? Get your blood pumping and your bodies moving. Getting outside and doing something physical together can be a fast track to other kinds of intimacy, physical and emotional.
Couples massage
Yoga
Outdoor sports, like basketball, tennis, or golf
Swimming
Dancing
12. **Go on dates that make you emotionally intimate.** Scorpios crave that connection, getting to know someone on a deeper level. Plan dates that will allow you to connect in a real way and build something together.
Spend private time away together. Go on long walks that allow you lots of time to talk, but also plenty of time to just be. Spend time together sharing silence and enjoying each others' presence.
Plan dates that will allow you to talk at length. A candlelight dinner will always be better than a movie, which you'll have to stay quiet for.
Attend intellectual events, like readings, lectures or debates. Discuss them afterward.
13. **Be wary of the Scorpio's sting.** Scorpios are known for their sardonic and sometimes cutting sense of humor. It takes some thick skin to hang with a Scorpio sometimes, and you'll need to develop it. Try to remind yourself that when a Scorpio lashes out, it's a defensive mechanism that has more to do with him than it does with you.
Don't put up with jealousy or possessiveness, which are common stereotypes of the Scorpio. If your guy is domineering and controlling over your life, it may be more appropriate to end it.
14. **Let yourself be passionate when the time is right.** You won't usually need to initiate intimacy with a Scorpio, who is passionate and fiery. If you feel passionate feelings stirred, don't hold back. Allow yourself to share, and you can spark that innate loyalty that Scorpios exhibit towards their nearest and dearest. For some, it can be the deepest kind of love. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Attract-Scorpio-Guys", "language": "en"} |
How to Swing a Baseball Bat | The pros on ESPN might make it look easy, but in reality baseball is a difficult sport that requires a lot of conditioning, muscle memory, and hand-eye coordination. However, beginning with the correct batting technique can set you up for success later down the road.
1. **Line your legs and feet up beneath your shoulders.** Place your feet shoulder width apart or slightly wider. Your feet should be parallel to one another and aligned directly under your shoulders. If you’re right handed, your left side should be facing the pitcher, with your head pointed in the direction the ball will be coming from. If you’re left handed, it will be your right side. Above all, your stance should be comfortable.
Resting on the balls of your feet will make your movements quicker and your stance more reactive.
2. **Keep your knees bent.** Bend your knees and sink into the balls of your feet. Don’t crouch or stoop too low—make sure there is a little spring in your knees and hips. A lower center of gravity will help you generate force in your swing and stabilize you while you’re batting.
It’s important to adopt a steady, grounded stance to keep from compromising your balance.
Don’t stick out your butt or let your upper body lean too far.
3. **Plant your back foot.** Keep both feet firmly rooted on the ground until you’re ready to start your swing. The more steady your stance, the more power you’ll be able to produce by driving from the feet up. As you begin the swing, you will take a small step with your front foot and twist the back foot to follow through, but up until you make contact with the ball, both feet should be locked in place.
Your weight should be positioned very slightly over your rear foot to prepare you to step into your swing later on.
4. **Stay loose and ready.** Relax your muscles and prepare to move your body in one fluid motion. If you’re tense, your movements will be erratic and your speed and precision will suffer. Shake out your shoulders, hips and ankles before stepping up to bat. Remind yourself to remain loose and poised rather than bunching up.
Sports research has found that athletes move much faster and more smoothly when they are relaxed.
5. **Get your hands in the right position.** To get an effective grip, lay the handle of the bat across the fingers of both hands, then wrap your hands around the bat. Don’t hold the bat in the palms, as this doesn’t allow you to flex and rotate your wrists as well when you swing. Keep a light grip on the bat until the moment you make contact with the ball to maximize your speed and reactivity.
Don’t grip too high on the handle of the bat; this can blunt your swing. There should be very little space between the pinky finger of your bottom hand and the bottom knob.
Always think of gripping the bat with the fingers, not the whole hand.
6. **Line up your knuckles.** Keep the tops of your fingers in one long row down the grip of the bat. The bat will shift in your hands as you swing, and both hands will naturally turn on the handle. Use the pressure of your fingers to steady the bat, but don’t grip it too tightly.
If it isn’t comfortable to hold the bat with the tops of your knuckles aligned, try turning your hands inward until your middle knuckles point in the same direction. This is known as a “box grip.”
7. **Let the bat hover over your shoulder.** Let the bat point upwards at an angle over your shoulder rather than resting it flat across your back. Keep the bat raised off your shoulder, ready to begin the swing. At no point should any part of the bat touch your back, neck or shoulder.
The angle at which you hold the bat should be around or just over 45 degrees.
It’s easier to enter into the swing quickly if there’s already some muscular tension on the bat. Your swing will be much more sluggish if you’re trying to move the bat from a dead stop.
8. **Keep your body in a straight line.** Situate your center of gravity over your feet and keep your toes, knees, hips and shoulders aligned. Point your chin toward the mound to have an eye on the ball at all times. From this position, you will explode and uncoil once the ball is within hitting distance.
If any part of your body deviates from your linear stance, you will sacrifice speed, power and control.
9. **Take a small step to increase your power.** Once the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand, step out very slightly with the front foot. Only move the foot 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm), and be careful not to come out of alignment or lose tightness in your core as you step. This will increase the power of your swing by adding directional force to the motion of the hips and shoulders.
Be careful not to throw off your balance as you step. The step should be quick, short and leave you in a position with a solid base to hit the ball.
10. **Initiate the swing with your hips.** With one quick motion, rotate the hips to create momentum for the swing. Don’t let the hips sway or move out of alignment with the rest of your body as you swivel. If you’re right handed, you should turn your hips counterclockwise, and clockwise for left handed batters. Most of the power of a good swing originates at the hips.
The swing should begin with the hips, with the shoulders following closely behind. A lot of injuries occur when players try to “muscle” the ball with a wrenching motion of the shoulders.
Try to stay upright as you rotate so you don’t come off your axis.
11. **Keep your eyes on the ball.** Drop your chin and keep your head held low throughout your swing. Your line of sight should be locked onto the ball at all times, from the beginning of the pitch to the moment that either the bat touches the ball or you strike out. Stay focused and get ready to time your swing. Lowering your chin will help keep your head in alignment with the rest of your body, as you will be hunched over and bent at the waist slightly while preparing to bat.
Don't tilt your head too much when dropping your chin. If your eyes are not level, it may throw off your perspective and compromise your ability to zero in on the ball.
During batting practice, pay close attention to the path that the ball takes to get better at tracking it as it moves toward you.
12. **Turn your shoulders into the swing.** Bring your shoulders across your body, following the hips. Remain relaxed until just before the bat strikes the ball. The entire body should uncoil like a spring, from the feet up through the hips, ending with the turn of the shoulders.
The shaft of the bat should stay in tight during the first part of the swing. As a rule, the further the tip of the bat is from the body, the less leverage you have.
13. **Follow through to drive it home.** After you’ve struck the ball, continue driving through the swing until the bat is extended over your opposite shoulder. At the end of your rotation your upper body should be facing the pitcher. A good follow through will put extra heat on the ball to smash it out of the park.
Following through makes the most of the momentum of rotation, stopping the forward movement of the ball and sending it back with as much power as possible.
Some players prefer to keep both hands on the bat as they follow through, while others release their top hand and let the bat continue swinging like a backhand. Try out both methods, but do whatever feels most comfortable to you. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Swing-a-Baseball-Bat", "language": "en"} |
How to Fix Felted Wool | Some wool items are so delicate that even just washing them in the wrong temperature water can make them bunch up and shrink, which creates what’s called felted wool. If your wool has felted, it’s not completely ruined! You can gently and carefully stretch out your item to make it slightly bigger, although it may never return to the shape it once was.
1. **Fill a sink or bucket with lukewarm water.** If you are trying to fix a large wool item, you can use a bathtub. Keep your water around 90 °F (32 °C), as hot water can make wool shrink.
Make sure the bucket, sink, or tub you are using is clean.
2. **Add about ⁄3 c (79 mL) of hair conditioner to the water.** Try to use a conditioner without sulfates in it so that it’s less drying. Conditioner will soak into the fibers of the wool and make them more elastic and stretchy. Mix the conditioner into the water gently with your fingers to combine them.
3. **Submerge your wool in the water and gently knead it.** Make sure the entire wool item is totally soaked with water, then use your fingers to rub the wool to loosen up the fibers. Try not to wring or stretch it yet, as it is pretty fragile.
This should only take 2 to 3 minutes.
4. **Soak the wool for 30 to 60 minutes.** If your wool is only slightly felted, it won’t need to soak for very long. If it’s almost entirely felted, meaning that the wool is completely matted and the item feels like felt, it will need to soak for about 1 hour. It’s okay if you leave it in longer, but try to give it at least 30 minutes.
The longer your wool soaks, the easier it will be to stretch it out.
5. **Squeeze the wool gently to get rid of excess water.** Grab the wool item and press it gently in between your hands. Try not to wring it out, as you could cause it to shrink up more.
You can drain the water from your sink or bathtub, since you won’t need it anymore.
6. **Lay the wool item flat on a towel.** Put a clean towel down on a flat surface like the floor or your table. Spread the wool out as flat as it will go without pulling or stretching it yet.
If you want to avoid your wool getting too frizzy, you can use a bath mat instead.
7. **Pull the wool item back to its original shape.** Hold the center of the wool steady with 1 hand and use the other to gently grab the edges of the wool and pull. Go slowly so you don’t tear or rip the item, and work in small, short bursts around the entire thing.
It can be hard to do this on your own, so you may need to ask a friend for help.
8. **Let the wool item dry on a flat surface.** Leave your wool laying on the towel or your floor until it’s completely dry. Once it’s dry, you won’t be able to stretch your wool anymore, so make sure you’ve done all you can while it’s still wet.
9. **Rinse your item in cold water, then squeeze the water out.** Take your wool to the sink and run it under cool water to remove the conditioner or fiber product that you used. That way, your wool will feel soft and won’t have a film on top of it. Gently squeeze your wool item to get the excess water out.
You can try to gently stretch out your wool as you’re rinsing it out to get a little bit more length.
10. **Spread the wool item out flat to dry.** You probably won’t be able to stretch your wool out anymore once you’ve rinsed out the conditioner, so just make sure it’s laying really flat. Leave it to dry completely before you wear it or put it away.
Store your wool in a cool, dry place, like in your closet. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Fix-Felted-Wool", "language": "en"} |
How to Build a Simple Wood Truss | Trusses are commonly used to provide support for roofs, bridges, and other expansive structures. To put together a simple wooden truss, you'll fasten a number of pre-cut beams into a chosen configuration inside a sturdy triangular frame, which will help distribute the weight of the structure more evenly. Plan your project carefully using precise measurements and reinforce the finished truss with both gusset plates and construction adhesive to make sure it’s built to last.
1. **Measure your structure to determine how big your truss needs to be.** Trusses can be built in many different shapes and sizes to accommodate the dimensions of various structures. Before you can begin plotting the exact specifications of your truss, find the overall length and height of the structure being reinforced.
A truss for a gable roof on one side of your home, for example, might need to be 15 feet (4.6 m) long and 4–6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) tall.
The dimensions of your structure will determine the angles formed by the truss’s top and bottom beams, or “chords.” On a relatively shallow roof, for instance, the upper and lower chords may meet at a 30-degree angle on each side.
In some cases, building codes may dictate the size requirements of a truss for a certain type of structure. Be sure to consult your local building codes before you begin drawing up plans for your truss.
2. **Use a simple king post truss to reinforce small, lightweight structures.** A king post truss design features a single vertical joist that runs through the center of the triangular frame. This style is useful for framing structures that don’t require quite as much support as structures that bear more weight.
A king post truss may be all you need if you're looking to add some extra stability to a garden shed or gable roof.
3. **Build a Fink truss to bolster a floor, roof, or deck.** In a Fink truss, the internal joists are arranged in a “W” shape, ensuring even weight distribution from one end to the other. Fink trusses were originally invented for the purpose of beefing up bridges, but many contractors now use them to increase the strength of interior structures.
When fashioning a Fink truss, the middle of the "W" will be at the center line of the triangle. Similarly, the points formed by the internal joists will connect at the midpoints on either side of the center line.
Due to the symmetrical simplicity of their design, Fink-style trusses can also make an attractive alternative to plainer styles for ornamental structures like gazebos and covered outdoor shelters.
4. **Construct a Howe truss to provide unshakable support from below.** Howe trusses closely resemble the King Post and Fink styles, only with additional angled beams arranged around the central joist at regular intervals. They are often built onto the underside of the structure they're intended for.
The internal angles in a Howe truss are repeated at regular intervals. Both sides of a standard Howe truss, for example, might consist of joists forming opposing 90 and 60-degree angles.
Because of their complex configuration, Howe trusses tend to be difficult to plan and assemble, and are most often reserved very large load-bearing structures.
A Howe-style design will offer maximum reinforcement for multi-level structures, as well as those built from especially heavy materials.
5. **Size the bottom chord 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) longer than the floor.** Start by noting the exact length of the structure’s floor. Then, add 0.25 inches (0.64 cm). This will account for possible inconsistencies and ensure that the truss is a proper fit.
If possible, use a tape measure to double-check the floor’s length rather than simply relying on the recorded measurements listed in the building plan.
6. **Incorporate overhanging top chords to add extra visual flair.** On some roof trusses, the 2 top chords extend down over the edges of the bottom chord, creating a built-in overhang. If you think you’d prefer an overhang-style truss, adjust the measurements for your top chords accordingly. Your top chords can protrude beyond the bottom chord anywhere from 1–3 feet (0.30–0.91 m).
Overhanging chords are more of a stylistic feature than a practical one, and shouldn’t affect the overall stability of the truss.
7. **Cut plywood gusset plates to fasten together lightweight trusses.** Gusset plates are used to secure the connections between the individual truss components. Fashion your own set of plywood gusset plates by cutting thick sheets of plywood to fit over each site where one joist meets another. This will include all 3 corners of the frame, as well as the top and bottom of each beam crisscrossing the center of the truss.
Use a circular saw or skill saw to cut your plywood to the right size and shape.
Making your own plywood gusset plates will help you keep the overhead for your project low.
8. **Use steel gusset plates to secure trusses for weight-bearing structures.** Depending on the scale of your project and the specific building codes in your area, you may have the choice to use galvanized steel gusset plates. While these won't be necessary for most projects, they can come in handy for holding together trusses designed for bridges, cathedral-style roofs, or other especially large structures.
You can order steel gusset plates from companies that specialize in construction timber or steel-working supplies.
Solid steel gusset plates cost quite a bit more than plywood ones, so make sure they fit into the budget you've set for your project.
9. **Create a detailed sketch of your truss design.** Once you have all of your measurements worked out, commit your plans to a sheet of graphing paper. Draw each of the major lines and angles to scale, being sure to note their exact specifications out to one side. Alternatively, you can use an architectural design software to generate a diagram based on the specific measurements you assign.
If you’re drafting up your plans by hand, use a ruler to make sure that your lines are straight and the internal angles of the truss are accurately represented.
You can find many helpful digital design programs for free or cheap online.
10. **Submit your building plans to your local licensing authority.** Most cities have agencies responsible for overseeing building codes and regulations. After completing the design for your wood truss, you’ll need to submit a copy to the licensing department for your region in order to have it approved for construction.
If you’re not sure who the licensing authority for your area is, run a quick search for “construction licensing” plus the name of your city, state, or territory.
The criteria used by your licensing department may differ depending on factors like zoning laws, geographical features, and weather patterns. For example, if you live in an area with heavy snowfall, your city will likely have strict requirements about the bearing strength of your new structure.
Building codes may not apply if you’re just constructing a truss for simple structures like a small tool shed.
11. **Measure and mark your timber with a pencil.** Before you begin sawing your raw materials, lay out your lumber on a flat surface and trace a line where you plan on making each cut. Precise measurements are critical if you want your truss to be sturdy and fit together properly.
Refer back to the plans you drew up to keep track of how long each piece of lumber needs to be.
Use a triangle square to verify the angles at the edges of the top and bottom chords.
Trusses for common structures like houses, carports, and gazebos are most often constructed using 2 in (5.1 cm) x 4 in (10 cm) wooden boards.
12. **Cut your truss pieces to size using a jigsaw.** A jigsaw will allow you to make short crosscuts through thick pieces of wood with maximum efficiency. Set your lumber on a shop table or between 2 sawhorses and guide the saw smoothly across the measurement lines you drew earlier to achieve clean, precise cuts.
To prevent the pieces from shifting, consider using a table clamp to hold them fast to your work surface.
Always wear gloves and safety glasses to protect yourself from injury while operating a power saw.
13. **Assemble your truss in the desired shape.** After cutting your lumber, gather up the individual pieces and begin fitting them together. Remember, you’ll need 2 top chords, 1 bottom chord, and at least 1 central joist for support.
Study your plans closely to make sure you're piecing the internal joists together in the correct configuration for the style you've chosen.
Keep in mind that the angles formed by the internal joists will remain the same despite differences in the frame's height or width.
This is a good opportunity to visually confirm that each component has been cut to the correct size. If you encounter any mistakes, you may need to start over with a fresh piece of lumber.
14. **Use construction adhesive to hold the truss components together.** Apply a generous amount of adhesive to the face of each piece where it will intersect with the next using a putty knife. Then, carefully return the piece to its place in the assembly. Press the 2 connecting pieces together for 30-40 seconds to ensure that the adhesive sticks firmly.
For ease of application, look for glues that come in tubes similar to caulk guns.
Take your time to make sure everything is where it needs to be. With most adhesives, you’ll have a window of 10-15 minutes before the adhesive begins to set. This will allow you to reposition your components as needed.
15. **Attach gusset plates at each connection site to fasten the finished truss.** Apply a thin layer of construction adhesive to the backside of a plate. Then, flip it over and press it firmly into place over a joint between two truss beams. Insert construction screws every 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) through the holes in the face of the plate and use an electric drill drive the screws deep into the wood. Repeat this process at each remaining joint.
If you're working with plywood gusset plates, you can drill your screws directly through the plates themselves.
Give the adhesive 1-2 minutes to bond before installing the screws. That way, the friction of the drill won’t cause the plates to slip out of place.
Allow the adhesive to set overnight. The following day, your truss will be ready to add on to the structure it’s intended to support. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Build-a-Simple-Wood-Truss", "language": "en"} |
How to Start an Affiliate Marketing Business | Affiliate marketing gives you the opportunity to earn a commission by selling products or services offered by other companies. It's a great way to supplement your income from the convenience of your own home. Fortunately, it's also easy to become an affiliate for companies that are household names.
1. **Sell what you know.** To start, you should stick to selling products or services that you're familiar with and have a passion for. Online marketers call this process "picking your niche." You should select a niche that represents your current interests or your occupation.
For example, if you're an expert at interior decorating, it makes more sense to sell comforter sets than it does to sell automotive parts. You'll do a much better job with your individual marketing efforts if you stick to selling what you know.
2. **Start a website relevant to your niche.** Before becoming an affiliate, many companies will want to know the URL of the website that you'll use to sell their products. They do this because they want to ensure that the content on the website won't hurt the company's reputation.
It's easy to start a website these days thanks to sites like WordPress.com.
Be sure to add content to your website that isn't "salesy." You want your site to come across as an authority in your niche.
3. **Research affiliate programs.** Find an affiliate program that offers products or services in your niche.
Amazon sells just about everything, so it's likely that your niche includes products sold on Amazon. That's a good place to start if you're looking to get into affiliate marketing.
Commission Junction is another great option because it allows you to become an affiliate for countless companies that you already know about (e.g., Overstock, Office Depot, Boscov's, and many others).
Clickbank is yet another option that many affiliate marketers like. That's because the commissions from companies on that site can be very lucrative.
4. **Join an affiliate program.** It's almost always free of charge to join an affiliate program.
In fact, if you're being asked for a credit card number just to become an affiliate, you might be getting scammed. Most reputable companies that offer affiliate programs allow people to become affiliates free of charge.
You will, however, be asked for bank account or PayPal information. Keep in mind, that's not so that the company can take money away from you, but so that it can pay you the commission you earned with successful sales.
You will be asked for the URL of your website in some cases. Just provide the URL of the website that you created above.
5. **Add affiliate links in your content.** One great way to get paid a commission without appearing to sell anything is add affiliate links within your content. That way, when people click on the link, they're taken to the company site and, if they buy, you'll earn a commission.
For example, if you're writing about decor that includes purple comforters, make the phrase "purple comforters" a link to Amazon's site that shows people only comforters that are offered in purple. Your readers can browse through Amazon's offerings and maybe purchase an item that they like.
Good news: Companies make it very easy to get links to their site. The way that you get those links varies from company to company, but it's usually very easy to find a link to the product or products that you're looking for.
6. **Include visual ads in your sidebar.** Your website, like most websites, probably has a sidebar. That's a great place to include visual ads for products relevant to your niche.
Once again, you'll find that companies with affiliate programs make it very easy for you to obtain the images and links you need to get your visitors back to their sites. It's almost always just as easy as copying and pasting code into your sidebar.
7. **Continue producing content relevant to your niche.** You want to keep people coming back to your website, don't you? If so, then you need to keep on producing original content that's of value to your visitors. That's called "content marketing" by digital marketers.
Good content keeps visitors coming back. That means that they might eventually click on your affiliate links and purchase something.
You can also use your content to include affiliate links as mentioned above. The more content you produce, the more affiliate links you have. The law of averages eventually kicks in and you'll start selling.
8. **Use analytics to measure your success.** You can think of analytics as information about what you're selling, how you sold it, and to whom you sold it. Fortunately, most affiliate marketing sites offer helpful analytics so you can get an idea about what's working well for you.
If you find that one type of product sells well on your site, produce content that gives you the opportunity to market it even more.
Use Google Analytics to gain an understanding of the demographics of your visitors. Tailor your content marketing efforts to people in that demographic.
Pay attention to your posts that get the most visitors. If you find that some posts are getting significantly more hits than the others, consider adding additional affiliate links to them.
Focus on what works, eliminate what doesn't. The analytics provided by your company will tell you which types of ads are working and which ones aren't. Use more of the ads that are working and eliminate the ones that aren't.
9. **Prepare for taxes.** If you make money via affiliate marketing, you can be sure that you're going to have to pay taxes on that income. At the beginning of each year, your partner companies should send you a 1099 tax form. If they don't, you're still required to report the income to the IRS.
If you're running your affiliate marketing business as a sole proprietor or LLC, you'll report 1099 income on Schedule C - Profit or Loss from Business.
If you're running your business as an S or C corporation, you'll report the income on Schedule K-1.
10. **Expand your business.** Your business is likely to do one of two things: expand or contract. That's why you should always be striving for growth, otherwise your business will shrink and provide you with diminishing returns.
Look for new products that you think you can market online. Browse through various affiliate sites. Look for new businesses that have recently welcomed affiliates and, if they're offering something you think you can market well, partner up with them.
Promote your business constantly online. Use social media, email, and other channels to promote your business so that people keep coming back and looking for great deals on the products and services that you're marketing.
11. **Delegate routine tasks.** Once your business takes off, it's time for you to focus on how to grow your business while delegating routine tasks to others. It will cost you some money in labor expense, but the investment is worth it if it allows you to come up with new ways to promote your affiliate marketing business and build it even further.
12. **Automate what you can.** There are plenty of digital marketing tools available. Again, some of them will require you to make an investment, but if it gives you more free time to build your business, then the return on investment should be positive.
Focus on creating a long-term strategy for your business while your tools and employees handle routine, day-to-day tasks. That way, you can handle "big picture" responsibilities to ensure that your business continues to grow. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Start-an-Affiliate-Marketing-Business", "language": "en"} |
Is Your Ex Being Friendly or Flirty? 10 Signs They Want You Back | If you and your ex have recently reconnected, you may be wondering if they’re just being nice, or if they have a serious desire to get back together. The good news is that your intuition is going to be extremely reliable here—you know what kind of person your ex is, so trust your gut. However, if it feels like your instinct could use a little bit of help here, we’ve got you covered. Read on and run through the list to learn more about the common signs that your ex is still into you.
1. **Physical touch is a big sign that they’re interested.** If you spend any time around your ex and they “accidentally” bump into you, graze your shoulder, or touch you, it’s a major sign that they want you back. People don’t go out of their way to make physical contact if they’re just being friendly!
Smiling and making eye contact can also be big signs that they’re interested in you romantically, but they could also just be signs they’re being friendly. You know your ex better than anyone else—if they tend to avoid eye contact but they can’t stop looking at you at a party, it’s a huge sign!
2. **Physically moving closer to you is a huge signal that they’re into you.** Think about how you talk to coworkers or classmates. You probably just stand straight up (or even lean away if you aren’t into the conversation). If your ex is physically leaning towards you when they talk or listen to you, they’re probably interested in getting back together.
In a group conversation, they might even position themselves so that they’re standing right next you, or face you with their feet even when you aren’t talking.
3. **If they have a sudden interest in your private life, they could like you.** They might tactfully try to ask what’s going on in your love life, or outright ask you if you’re dating anyone. Alternatively, they may ask what’s going on in your career, or what your living situation looks like. If they seem to be doing a lot of probing, they’re likely trying to figure out if there are any barriers to getting back together.
A question like, “How are your parents doing?” is pretty innocuous. It’s just casual small talk. A question like, “Do your parents ever mention me?” is fishing though, since they’re digging for information specifically about themselves. Pay attention for these little wording cues, since they can reveal a lot about how their intentions.
4. **Comments about your physical appearance are big giveaways.** If they were just being friendly, they wouldn’t go out of your way to make comments about the way you look. Those kinds of comments can be taken the wrong way, and if they don’t want to get back together they’d be actively avoiding that. Compliments about your eyes, hair, or other physical features are a signal that they’re still attracted to you, and they may even be digging to see if you like them back.
Pay extra attention to any compliments about things that they openly admitted they liked about you before. If they used to say how cute your glasses were when the two of you dated and they keep talking about how they love your new spectacles, they’re almost certainly into you.
5. **Making it obvious that they’re single or open to hang is a big sign.** If someone is just being friendly, they won’t go out of their way to talk about how available they are. They might mention that they aren’t dating anyone multiple times, or continue to reference the lack of events on their calendar. These are cues that if you were to ask them to hang out or go on a date, there’s no reason they’d say no.
This is an especially powerful sign if they joke about how open they are. People often do this to hint that they’re available. If they’re complaining about how nobody wants to hang out with them and they’re all alone though, they may just genuinely be lonely.
6. **Reminders of the good times are often an attempt to rekindle things.** If a lot of your conversations start with them saying “remember that time we…” it’s a huge sign that they’re interested in getting back together. If they were just being friendly, they wouldn’t be going out of their way to play up all of this nostalgia for the past.
If your relationship ended on a rather chaotic or negative note the first time the two of you dated, be careful with this one. They may be attempting to paint a prettier picture of how things were to convince you that things will be different this time.
7. **If they’re asking mutual friends about you, they’re probably into you.** This is a sign that they just can’t stop thinking about you. They might ask mutual friends if you ever talk about them, or if you’ve been dating anyone recently. If they were just trying to reconnect as friends, it would never occur to them to poke around for this kind of information.
If you’re going to check with any friends about whether they’ve been asking about you, be sure to ask friends that won’t tell your ex about it if you aren’t sure you want to get back together just yet.
8. **Leaning on inside jokes or references could indicate they like you.** Romance is all about intimacy. If they’re referring to things that only the two of you will understand in front of other people or on social media, they’re trying to establish that deeper connection. They might post a song the two of you used to dance to on Facebook, reference a fond memory in front of mutual friends, or share a photo with some deeper meaning for you two on Instagram.
9. **Pointing out how they’ve changed for the better is a sign they like you.** If the two of you used to argue because your ex always dressed like a slob and now they look super well put together, they may be trying to show you they fixed something that was holding the relationship back last time. This kind of corrective behavior is often an attempt to woo you by showing they’ve changed.
If there was friction in the past over how your ex was kind of argumentative, they might go out of their way to play peacekeeper in casual disagreements, or post online about finding peace.
If there was tension in the past over your ex’s lack of ambition, they might talk about going back to school or applying for new jobs. On social media, they might share motivational posts or talk about how hard they’re working.
10. **If your ex has had a sudden personality change, they may be into you.** You know your ex better than anyone else. If it feels like they’ve suddenly become friendlier, less judgmental, or sentimental, it could be a sign that they’re going out of their way to try and impress you. Take everything that you know about your ex and ask yourself, “Are they trying to show me they’re different somehow?” If the answer is obviously yes, they’re probably trying to sweep you off of your feet. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Know-if-Your-Ex-Is-Being-Friendly-or-Wants-You-Back", "language": "en"} |
How to Innovate | Innovative thinking is the key to developing creative and exciting ways to overcome challenges. Keep reading for tips on unlocking the power of innovation for yourself!
1. **Develop a meaningful mission.** A mission statement that matters will introduce a new sense of meaning to your work. When you feel that your work has value, it will be easier to invest more time and energy.
Mission statements also serve as helpful guides when you develop new ideas. Coming up with an innovative idea can be intimidating when you're staring at a blank sheet of paper. A mission statement puts something on that paper for you to work from, which can make the brainstorming process easier.
When it's time to brainstorm a new idea, turn to your mission statement and ask yourself if there are facets that have not yet been adequately addressed. Start working from whichever aspect of your mission is currently weakest.
2. **Question everything.** Ask questions about everything, even the things you already think you know. You may discover a new way to approach something you previously believed to be set in stone.
Try looking at something you do each day. Ask yourself who else does it and how they might do it differently. There are many ways to approach most tasks, and if you assume that yours is the best, you're taking a fairly big risk.
When analyzing different methods, ask yourself why the person who started the method chose to pursue it. Consider whether other alternatives were considered and rejected. Also ask yourself if other assumptions or constraints limited that source's actions.
Concerning both familiar and unfamiliar methods, ask yourself what your complaints are about those methods and what your friends' or colleagues' complaints might also be.
3. **Gain firsthand knowledge.** “Book learning” is great, but it will only take you so far. Only by getting out into the field and gaining firsthand knowledge of the way things really work can you hope to understand how to streamline and improve on things within that field.
Keep in mind that the knowledge available in books was first discovered by people who didn't have such books to work with. They were people who experienced matters for themselves, and their experiences brought about information that would last beyond their own lifetimes.
No two people see the world in exactly the same way. By viewing or experiencing something for yourself, you bring your own unique set of questions and beliefs to the table. As such, you might be able to make observations no one else has made yet.
Some unique observations may lead nowhere, but others can lead you toward new innovations within the field.
4. **Care about your customers.** It pays to get inside your customers' heads. Standard customer service will only benefit you so much, though. You'll need to care about your customers as much as you care about their patronage if you want to think up new ways to address their needs and wants.
Get to know your customers as thoroughly as your resources will allow. Try not to rely on secondhand accounts provided by consultants or research. Instead, connect with your customers directly.
When you start from scratch, your official market doesn't exist yet. You'll need to spend time getting to know prospective customers in your target market, as well as prospective partners and suppliers.
5. **Keep your eyes and ears open.** Gain inspiration from as many sources as possible. New ideas won't necessarily strike during the time you've allotted for inspiration. They often come when you least expect them to do so, and may even come from sources you'd never expect.
If you're working with others in a shared space, try posting an idea board in an area everyone passes by. The people in your team can post problems and ideas to the board. Other teammates should respond to those issues as they see fit. This continual exchange of knowledge can lead to new and exciting ideas.
Listen to others and hear what they have to say about some of the issues you're working on. You don't need to directly ask them for help with your project, but by observing the complaints and concerns they express, you might gain a better perspective on how to approach the matter.
6. **Use data to support your instincts.** Your instincts may suggest that something is a great idea, but you won't really know whether or not it's worth pursuing until you gather data around that subject. Sometimes the data will support your instincts, but other times, it may prove your instincts to be wrong.
Customer surveys and product tests are both great ways to collect data on your ideas. These tools provide you with data specifically tailored to your project and your target market.
7. **Introduce new options.** When “Option A” and “Option B” are the two clearest, most obvious choices, it can be easy to assume that they're the only choices. There might be new, less obvious choices that are better and waiting to be discovered just outside of the box, however.
"Option A" and "Option B" might be standard procedures that are hard to break from. In that case, question why those procedures are standard. Point out any weaknesses or flaws in those options and suggest ways to address those issues.
8. **Take small, immediate steps.** If you wait until you have the means to enact a big plan all at once, you'll be waiting a long time and will likely lose momentum as you sit around. A better course of action is to commit as quickly as possible by taking small steps toward your goals.
Give tangible form to abstract ideas as quickly as possible. Create a prototype of a project you're working on. Improve the actual prototype instead of trying to make all of your improvements only on paper.
Major innovation is even harder to pull off during tough economic times since your resources are slim and your customers are more resistant to change.
Investing everything you have in a major innovation without approaching it in a few minor, cautious steps can be a waste of resources you need to manage more effectively. Taking small steps will allow you to change direction along the way as needed.
9. **Look at the big picture.** Small steps and short-term goals are important when you're trying to build momentum, but if you want long-term success, you will need to make sure that your goals will lead you to your desired long-term goal.
Don't let yourself be blinded by short-term gains. If those gains will come with unsavoury long-term consequences, it is usually best to pass them by.
10. **Try to try again.** Failure is inevitable, but each failure can act as a learning experience. Learn from your past failures and press forward with new strategies and ideas.
Never expect immediate perfection. When you introduce something new, wait for feedback. The entire thing might be a failure, but more often than not, there are at least redeemable aspects that will be worth preserving and building upon in the future.
11. **Separate into small teams.** When working within a group of people, separate yourselves into smaller teams before tackling a large project or problem.
Small teams are more focused, so they tend to get work done faster and more effectively than large, mismatched groups can.
If a new venture requires expertise from several fields, consider creating multiple small teams to handle each of these aspects separately. For instance, one team might handle quality assurance while another might handle the legalities. Representatives from the teams will need to meet occasionally, but most of the work can be done separately.
12. **Improve communication between groups.** Even though different aspects of a project or company should be primarily handled by different teams, each team will likely have information that could benefit another group. The separate teams must communicate with each other regularly and effectively.
Information that can benefit other teams within the larger group should be shared freely. If one team has to search for an answer another team already knows, they end up wasting time that could have been spent better elsewhere.
13. **Introduce a few constraints.** Oddly enough, creativity tends to thrive when it faces a little opposition. A few constraints and project parameters can provide team members with just enough of a foundation to build on.
The key is to constrain without suffocating or starving your team. Introduce specific problems that need to be fixed and outline the sort of approach you're looking for. Do not pressure the team with unnecessary restrictions on time and funding. Additionally, if someone figures out a way to approach the problem that differs from your outline but still works effectively, take that concept into consideration rather than rejecting it outright.
14. **Encourage risk.** Innovative minds rarely play it safe. There will be a considerable amount of risk involved at the beginning of a project. The sooner you accept that the sooner you can encourage the rest of your team to accept it.
Pitch ideas in a manner that minimizes the perceived risk of trying them while emphasizing the risk of not trying them. Make your teammates (and, by extension, your customers) believe that they will be making a big mistake if they don't jump on the idea you're presenting.
15. **Reward risk reduction.** Risk is inevitable, but ultimately, you want to reduce the amount of risk a project faces as you continue to build upon it. Providing extra incentives can encourage workers to focus on ways to reduce the risk without compromising the entire project.
Monetary incentives can be quite effective. When you're in a position that allows you to make the decisions about how to funds are distributed, start by giving each group the finances it needs to overcome some of the initial risks and uncertainties. As these risks are cleared, grant the group more funding to work with. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Innovate", "language": "en"} |
How to Assess Statistical Significance | Hypothesis testing is guided by statistical analysis. Statistical significance is calculated using a p-value, which tells you the probability of your result being observed, given that a certain statement (the null hypothesis) is true. If this p-value is less than the significance level set (usually 0.05), the experimenter can assume that the null hypothesis is false and accept the alternative hypothesis. Using a simple t-test, you can calculate a p-value and determine significance between two different groups of a dataset.
1. **Define your hypotheses.** The first step in assessing statistical significance is defining the question you want to answer and stating your hypothesis. The hypothesis is a statement about your experimental data and the differences that may be occurring in the population. For any experiment, there is both a null and an alternative hypothesis. Generally, you will be comparing two groups to see if they are the same or different.
The null hypothesis (H0) generally states that there is no difference between your two data sets. For example: Students who read the material before class do not get better final grades.
The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is the opposite of the null hypothesis and is the statement you are trying to support with your experimental data. For example: Students who read the material before class do get better final grades.
2. **Set the significance level to determine how unusual your data must be before it can be considered significant.** The significance level (also called alpha) is the threshold that you set to determine significance. If your p-value is less than or equal to the set significance level, the data is considered statistically significant.
As a general rule, the significance level (or alpha) is commonly set to 0.05, meaning that the probability of observing the differences seen in your data by chance is just 5%.
A higher confidence level (and, thus, a lower p-value) means the results are more significant.
If you want higher confidence in your data, set the p-value lower to 0.01. Lower p-values are generally used in manufacturing when detecting flaws in products. It is very important to have high confidence that every part will work exactly as it is supposed to.
For most hypothesis-driven experiments, a significance level of 0.05 is acceptable.
3. **Decide to use a one-tailed or two-tailed test.** One of the assumptions a t-test makes is that your data is distributed normally. A normal distribution of data forms a bell curve with the majority of the samples falling in the middle. The t-test is a mathematical test to see if your data falls outside of the normal distribution, either above or below, in the “tails” of the curve.
A one-tailed test is more powerful than a two-tailed test, as it examines the potential of a relationship in a single direction (such as above the control group), while a two-tailed test examines the potential of a relationship in both directions (such as either above or below the control group).
If you are not sure if your data will be above or below the control group, use a two-tailed test. This allows you to test for significance in either direction.
If you know which direction you are expecting your data to trend towards, use a one-tailed test. In the given example, you expect the student’s grades to improve; therefore, you will use a one-tailed test.
4. **Determine sample size with a power analysis.** The power of a test is the probability of observing the expected result, given a specific sample size. The common threshold for power (or β) is 80%. A power analysis can be a bit tricky without some preliminary data, as you need some information about your expected means between each group and their standard deviations. Use a power analysis calculator online to determine the optimal sample size for your data.
Researchers usually do a small pilot study to inform their power analysis and determine the sample size needed for a larger, comprehensive study.
If you do not have the means to do a complex pilot study, make some estimations about possible means based on reading the literature and studies that other individuals may have performed. This will give you a good place to start for sample size.
5. **Define the formula for standard deviation.** The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out your data is. It gives you information on how similar each data point is within your sample, which helps you determine if the data is significant. At first glance, the equation may seem a bit complicated, but these steps will walk you through the process of the calculation. The formula is s = √∑((xi – µ)/(N – 1)).
s is the standard deviation.
∑ indicates that you will sum all of the sample values collected.
xi represents each individual value from your data.
µ is the average (or mean) of your data for each group.
N is the total sample number.
6. **Average the samples in each group.** To calculate the standard deviation, first you must take the average of the samples in the individual groups. The average is designated with the Greek letter mu or µ. To do this, simply add each sample together and then divide by the total number of samples.
For example, to find the average grade of the group that read the material before class, let’s look at some data. For simplicity, we will use a dataset of 5 points: 90, 91, 85, 83, and 94.
Add all the samples together: 90 + 91 + 85 + 83 + 94 = 443.
Divide the sum by the sample number, N = 5: 443/5 = 88.6.
The average grade for this group is 88.6.
7. **Subtract each sample from the average.** The next part of the calculation involves the (xi – µ) portion of the equation. You will subtract each sample from the average just calculated. For our example you will end up with five subtractions.
(90 – 88.6), (91- 88.6), (85 – 88.6), (83 – 88.6), and (94 – 88.6).
The calculated numbers are now 1.4, 2.4, -3.6, -5.6, and 5.4.
8. **Square each of these numbers and add them together.** Each of the new numbers you have just calculated will now be squared. This step will also take care of any negative signs. If you have a negative sign after this step or at the end of your calculation, you may have forgotten this step.
In our example, we are now working with 1.96, 5.76, 12.96, 31.36, and 29.16.
Summing these squares together yields: 1.96 + 5.76 + 12.96 + 31.36 + 29.16 = 81.2.
9. **Divide by the total sample number minus 1.** The formula divides by N – 1 because it is correcting for the fact that you haven’t counted an entire population; you are taking a sample of the population of all students to make an estimation.
Subtract: N – 1 = 5 – 1 = 4
Divide: 81.2/4 = 20.3
10. **Take the square root.** Once you have divided by the sample number minus one, take the square root of this final number. This is the last step in calculating the standard deviation. There are statistical programs that will do this calculation for you after inputting the raw data.
For our example, the standard deviation of the final grades of students who read before class is: s =√20.3 = 4.51.
11. **Calculate the variance between your 2 sample groups.** Up to this point, the example has only dealt with 1 of the sample groups. If you are trying to compare 2 groups, you will obviously have data from both. Calculate the standard deviation of the second group of samples and use that to calculate the variance between the 2 experimental groups. The formula for variance is sd = √((s1/N1) + (s2/N2)).
sd is the variance between your groups.
s1 is the standard deviation of group 1 and N1 is the sample size of group 1.
s2 is the standard deviation of group 2 and N2 is the sample size of group 2.
For our example, let’s say the data from group 2 (students who didn’t read before class) had a sample size of 5 and a standard deviation of 5.81. The variance is:
sd = √((s1)/N1) + ((s2)/N2))
sd = √(((4.51)/5) + ((5.81)/5)) = √((20.34/5) + (33.76/5)) = √(4.07 + 6.75) = √10.82 = 3.29.
12. **Calculate the t-score of your data.** A t-score allows you to convert your data into a form that allows you to compare it to other data. T-scores allow you to perform a t-test that lets you calculate the probability of two groups being significantly different from each other. The formula for a t-score is: t = (µ1 – µ2)/sd.
µ1 is the average of the first group.
µ2 is the average of the second group.
sd is the variance between your samples.
Use the larger average as µ1 so you will not have a negative t-value.
For our example, let’s say the sample average for group 2 (those who didn’t read) was 80. The t-score is: t = (µ1 – µ2)/sd = (88.6 – 80)/3.29 = 2.61.
13. **Determine the degrees of freedom of your sample.** When using the t-score, the number of degrees of freedom is determined using the sample size. Add up the number of samples from each group and then subtract two. For our example, the degrees of freedom (d.f.) are 8 because there are five samples in the first group and five samples in the second group ((5 + 5) – 2 = 8).
14. **Use a t table to evaluate significance.** A table of t-scores and degrees of freedom can be found in a standard statistics book or online. Look at the row containing the degrees of freedom for your data and find the p-value that corresponds to your t-score.
With 8 d.f. and a t-score of 2.61, the p-value for a one-tailed test falls between 0.01 and 0.025. Because we set our significance level less than or equal to 0.05, our data is statistically significant. With this data, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis: students who read the material before class get better final grades.
15. **Consider a follow up study.** Many researchers do a small pilot study with a few measurements to help them understand how to design a larger study. Doing another study, with more measurements, will help increase your confidence about your conclusion.
A follow-up study can help you determine if any of your conclusions contained type I error (observing a difference when there isn’t one, or false rejection of the null hypothesis) or type II error (failure to observe a difference when there is one, or false acceptance of the null hypothesis). | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Assess-Statistical-Significance", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean Grout with Baking Soda | Without cleaning, your grout changes from a clear white to an unappealing brown. With baking soda, you can effectively remove dirt and mold stains without having to hire a professional. To get your grout clean again, make a baking soda and water paste, apply the paste, add vinegar, and scrub. For tougher stains, such as mildew, make a paste out of baking soda and hydrogen peroxide, apply it to the grout, and scrub.
1. **Mix baking soda and water into a paste.** In a small bowl, combine equal amounts of baking soda and water. Stir the ingredients together until they form a paste that is easy to apply to the grout.
2. **Apply the paste to the grout with a brush.** Pick up the paste with your brush and spread it over the grout. You can apply it with the same brush you’ll use to scrub the grout later. Grout brushes and other stiff-bristled scrub brushes can be found at home improvement stores.
If you don’t have a scrub brush, a sponge with a scouring side or an old toothbrush also work well.
3. **Mix vinegar and warm water in a spray bottle.** Make sure the water is warm before you add it to the spray bottle or a bowl. Combine the water with an equal amount of vinegar. Place the mixture in a spray bottle to make applying it easier.
4. **Spray the vinegar mixture onto the grout.** Spray vinegar directly upon the baking soda. A single spray will be enough to cause the baking soda to begin to fizz.
5. **Let the baking soda rest for five minutes.** You'll see the vinegar reacting with the baking soda, causing a fizz. During these five minutes, the fizz will loosen the grime on the grout.
6. **Scrub the grout.** Use a grout brush to work the baking soda further into the grout. Alternatively, scrub with a stiff-bristled brush, scouring sponge, or toothbrush. Scrubbing takes some muscle power, but the effort removes most of the grime.
Look out for dark areas indicating where grime remains on the grout. Try scrubbing these areas again or clean them with hydrogen peroxide.
7. **Wipe up the cleaner.** After scrubbing, you’ll be left with dirty vinegar and baking soda. Apply paper towels to pick up the mess or use old rags if you wish to save on paper. A sponge can also help you loosen any bits of grime and cleaner on the grout.
8. **Mop the floor.** Optionally, you can give your floor a shine. First, sweep or vacuum up any baking soda still left on the floor. Afterwards, mop the floor as you normally would. Grout you cannot reach by mop can be wiped clean by a rag dampened in clean water.
9. **Mix baking soda and hydrogen peroxide.** In a bowl, combine two parts baking soda to one part hydrogen peroxide. Mix the ingredients together to form a paste that can be easily applied to the grout.
10. **Apply the paste to the grout with a brush.** Again, you can apply your cleaning paste with the same brush you’ll use to scrub the grout later. Specialty grout brushes can be purchased at home improvement stores, but you can also use other stiff-bristled scrub brushes, a sponge with a scouring side, or an old toothbrush.
11. **Allow the paste to sit for a few minutes.** Give the paste up to five minutes to soak into the grime. This should make scrubbing out tough stains, including mold and mildew, easier.
12. **Scrub the grout.** Use your brush to work the cleaner into the grout. You should see the stains begin to lift. Continue to scrub any stains by hand until they are removed.
13. **Wipe up the mess.** Use paper towels to pick up excess paste and any grime removed from it. Substitute in old rags if you wish to avoid wasting paper.
14. **Mop up the floor.** Optionally, mop the floor as you usually do. This will remove any dirt and paste you missed as well as give your floor a nice shine. For grout you cannot reach by mop, dampen a rag in clean water and wipe. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Grout-with-Baking-Soda", "language": "en"} |
How to Smell Good | You may start the day smelling fresh as a daisy and ready to tackle your daily tasks. By the middle of the day, however, you might notice that your freshness has drifted away. Don’t worry, you only need to follow a few simple steps to ensure that you smell great from dawn to dusk! Shower or bathe daily, wear clean clothes each day, and apply deodorant at night rather than in the morning in order to smell fresh all day long.
1. **Shower** To ensure you smell the best you can, you shouldn't shower every day. Showering every day can dry out your skin but if you have more oilier or sweatier skin, showering everyday is fine. Only shower every other day with a gentle soap for dry skin. This will get rid of any odors that have built up on your skin or hair over the last 24 to 48 hours. Use warm, rather than hot, water, and try and keep your shower under 15 minutes in order to conserve water.
2. **Scrub your entire body in the shower.** Wash your entire body with soap and a washcloth. Pay special attention to the area behind your ears, the back of your neck, your feet, and sweaty spots such as your armpits and your inner thighs. Don’t forget to wash your chest, genitals, and backside as well.
If you have sensitive skin, avoid soaps with heavy perfumes or antibacterial ingredients.
Don’t use a loofah—they breed bacteria! Use a washcloth or even your hands, instead.
3. **Wash your hair** It’s important to wash your hair regularly as it absorbs scents from the atmosphere around you. Massage shampoo into your scalp to remove unpleasant smells and dust. Thoroughly rinse your hair with clean water. If desired, apply a conditioner to your hair and let it sit for a few minutes before rinsing it out with cool water.
If you have dry hair, don’t wash it more than every other day.
Don't wash your hair too often, or else the oils in your hair will be removed. Twice a week is enough.
4. **Brush your teeth** To keep your breath smelling fresh, brush your teeth in the morning and at night every single day. Put a small amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush and brush your teeth with short vertical or circular motions. Be sure to clean every side of each tooth as well as your gums and tongue. Spend at least 2 minutes brushing each time.
Replace your toothbrush every 3 to 4 months to keep bacteria from building up and to prevent damage to your gums from worn bristles.
Don’t forget to floss your teeth every day as well!
5. **Apply deodorant and/or antiperspirant at night.** Though it may seem counterintuitive, you should actually apply your deodorant or antiperspirant at night, rather than in the morning. This gives the ingredients time to soak into the skin and prevent your glands from producing foul-smelling odors and sweat.
You can even shower in the morning without worrying about the effectiveness of your deodorant—it’s already been absorbed!
6. **Put on clean clothes every day.** Change all your clothes, including your shirt and shorts or pants, all your undergarments (like your underwear, bra, and socks), as well as any clothing items that touch your skin (such as a tank, camisole, or slip). Fresh clothes will keep you smelling great all day long.
You may want to change your socks several times per day if you have especially stinky or sweaty feet.
7. **Wash your clothes after each use.** It’s a good idea to launder clothing items each time you wear them to remove odors. Your detergent doesn't have to be expensive, and it doesn't have to be loaded with strong fragrances. However, it does need to get rid of hidden odors within your clothes and leave you with fresh garments.
You can add ⁄2 cup (120 ml) of white vinegar to your washing machine during the rinse cycle to help eliminate odors and remove sweat.
8. **Clean your shoes regularly.** Shoes can easily become smelly if they aren’t cleaned often due to the accumulation of sweat and bacteria. When they get especially dirty or stinky, wash them in your washing machine and allow them to dry in direct sunlight. In between washings, stuff your shoes with newspaper overnight to remove odors. You can also put dryer sheets in your shoes to improve their scent.
If your shoes cannot be washed, use a cotton ball dipped in alcohol to wipe out the interior and kill bacteria.
Alternate between several pairs of shoes if possible. Wear one pair one day and another pair the next day to give your other shoes time to air out and dry out.
9. **Avoid eating spices, onion, and garlic.** Though these foods are good for you, the odors come out through your pores and stink up your breath. Alcohol and red meat also change your body odor, so try to cut down on consumption of those items as well. Opt for fresh fruits and vegetables, instead.
10. **Stay well hydrated.** Staying hydrated keeps your skin moisturized, which actually allows pleasant scents from lotions or fragrances to adhere to your skin better. Men should drink 15.5 cups (3.7 L) of water per day, while women should drink 11.5 cups (2.7 L) of water per day.
11. **Use a moisturizer with a pleasant scent.** After bathing, you can apply a scented lotion to your skin. If you plan to use perfume or cologne too, make sure the scents are compatible or similar so they don’t compete with one another or becoming overpowering. Reapply as needed, like after washing your hands.
12. **Spray on your favorite scent.** Target pulse points on your body when using perfume or cologne, such as your wrists, behind your ears, the back of your knees, and the insides of your elbows. This will allow the scent to linger as it is warmed up by your body and released throughout the day.
Avoid wearing too much perfume or cologne as it can be overpowering.
If you desire a lighter scent, simply spritz the perfume or cologne in the air and walk beneath it.
Don’t rub the scent into your skin, such as by rubbing your wrists together, or it won’t last as long.
13. **Keep a kit full of items you may need.** Gum, mints, mouthwash, wet wipes (to clean your armpits or other areas of your body), deodorant, cologne or perfume, foot spray, scented lotion, and an extra shirt or socks are good items to keep on hand. Simply toss your items in a small bag and store it in your desk drawer, backpack, or car.
When the need arises, simply grab your kit and excuse yourself to use the restroom and freshen up.
14. **Change your shirt or socks, if necessary.** This is a simple and effective way to ensure you smell good all day long! If your shirt or socks are sweaty or stinky, swap them out for fresh ones. Store the dirty items in a plastic bag with a zipper to ensure the odors don’t escape. Make sure you bring the dirty clothes home and wash them promptly.
15. **Use gum, mints, or mouthwash to freshen your breath.** If you decide to go with mouthwash, pick a kind that’s alcohol-free. Alcohol dries out your mouth, and a dry mouth is actually what causes bad breath. Gum or mints that you can chew or suck on will help restore saliva and, if you choose a minty flavor, will make your breath smell great.
16. **Reapply deodorant if necessary.** If you have exercised, sweat a lot, or simply smell bad, you can reapply deodorant throughout the day. Use a wet wipe or a damp washcloth to clean your armpits first. Pat them dry with a soft paper towel, then reapply your deodorant.
17. **Spritz on perfume or cologne.** If your scent tends to fade throughout the day, take some time to spray it on again. Simply spray your ankles or wrists and let your body heat diffuse the scent. Just apply a little bit so the scent isn't overpowering. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Smell-Good", "language": "en"} |
How to Use Acorns for Food | Like many other true nuts, acorns are an excellent source of food, and they provided people with a wealth of health and food recipe ideas in earlier times. Today, they're still in fashion as a food, and rightly so, because they're filled with B vitamins, protein, little fat, and they're a decent complex carbohydrate, and are good for controlling blood sugar levels. Every species of acorn is edible, but some taste better than others. However, it is very important you do not eat them raw; in order to not eat acorns that are bitter-tasting and toxic, you'll need to process them first. Here are directions and some suggestions about how to use acorns as food.
1. **Gather your ripe acorns.** Look for and only use brown acorns, as these are ripe; green acorns are unripe and are unsuitable for eating (but mature green acorns can ripen in a clean, dry place). Avoid any acorns that appear mildewed, dusty, blackened, etc. Quality nutmeat will be yellowish in colour.Unprocessed, natural nuts of various kinds of oaks:
White oaks produce bland tasting acorns. The best for harvesting are the swamp white oak, Oregon white oak, and the burr oak. Generally, these won't need leaching.
Red oaks produce bitter tasting acorns.
The Emory oak's acorns are mild enough to not require processing.
Black oaks produce very bitter tasting acorns and need a lot of leaching to overcome this.
2. **Leach the acorns of tannins.** Untreated raw acorns contain high concentrations of tannic acid, causing their taste to be bitter and them to be toxic to humans if eaten in large quantities. It is possible to remove the tannic acid by simply leaching it out of acorns in a pot of boiling water, pouring out the hot water and having repeated changes of water. Continue doing this until the water does not turn brown after you have strained and replaced it.
Another method for leaching: place one tablespoon of baking soda into one litre of water. Leave the acorns to soak in the baking soda infused water for 12-15 hours.
A Native American or rustic method is bagging the nuts and allowing them to soak in a clean, flowing stream for a few days until no brown-colored water is seen when checking their progress.
3. **Remove the acorns once leached and leave to simply dry or to make roasted nuts after drying, as desired.** Raw acorns can be stored for months without spoiling; this dramatically increases their value, being a "process as needed food resource", however, they must be dry or otherwise they can get moldy and mildewed. But only when leached are they ready to use.
4. **Make acorn "coffee".** Peel the ripe, processed acorns. Divide the kernels. Place in an ovenproof dish and cover. Roast in a low heat oven to dry slowly. Once roasted (light, medium or dark), grind. The resulting mixture can be blended into commercial coffee -- or used on its own to make acorn coffee.
5. **Make acorn flour, whole -- or sift to remove fiber to make a finer cake flour called acorn starch!** Read How to make acorn flour for instructions. Use the flour to make breads, muffins, etc.
Korean cooking is largely the only cuisine that features acorn starch. Some Korean noodles and jellies are made of acorn starch. As acorn starch is a favorite part of this cuisine, many Asian grocery markets sell it.
6. **Pickle the leached acorns in brine.** Use an olive making recipe and substitute acorns for the olives to make a treat/delicacy.
7. **Substitute roasted acorns for nuts and cooked legumes.** They can replace many legumes and other nuts, such as chickpeas, peanuts, macadamias, etc. Follow your usual recipe and substitute acorn pieces instead. Like most nuts, they are a nutritious, dense food to use freely.
Make acorn dukkah, a dry spicy mixed dip, which has many uses, but is mainly used to dip bread that has been basted with olive oil or butter.
Sprinkle chopped, roasted acorns over a fresh salad.
8. **Roast the acorns.** Once roasted, remove and dip in very heavy sugar syrup.
Make "acorn brittle" candy, using a peanut brittle recipe, and spread it on buttered plates to cool.
Make an acorn nut butter spread that is similar to peanut, almond, hazelnut, or sunflower seed nut butter.
Use recipes for low-carb pancakes (as crepes) or low-carb biscuits of acorn starch. Spread with acorn butter and add stevia!
9. **Add acorns to stews as one might add beans or potatoes.** Their nutty, slightly sweet taste adds a lovely depth to stews.
10. **Add ground acorns to creamed, mashed potatoes or potato salad.** This can give these standards a nice lift in flavour, adding "conversation-piece" value. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Use-Acorns-for-Food", "language": "en"} |
How to Store Plums | Fragrant, juicy plums need to be handled with care in order to last for a long time once you've brought them home. Storing them incorrectly will cause them to spoil quickly or lose their sweet flavor and become mealy. See Step 1 and beyond to learn how to store plums that have not yet ripened and those that have reached their peak.
1. **Purchase or pick good plums.** Look for plums that are free of blemishes, discoloration, and soft spots. You can ripen plums at home, so the important thing is to make sure you're picking plums from a good batch - it's okay if they're still a little hard.
2. **Place the unripe plums in a paper bag.** If your plums do not yet smell fragrant and feel slightly soft to the touch, they need to ripen outside the refrigerator for a few days. As plums and other fruits ripen, they release ethylene. Placing them together in a paper bag surrounds the plums with this gas and causes them to ripen more quickly.
Don't put unripe plums in the refrigerator. They won't be able to continue the ripening process in the cold climate, and you'll end up with chill-damaged plums, which are tasteless and mealy.
If you aren't in a hurry for the plums to ripen, you can put them in a bowl on the counter instead of in a paper bag. They'll take an extra day or so to ripen.
3. **Let the plums ripen at room temperature.** They'll ripen best when kept at a temperature of 68 to 77 Fahrenheit. Don't store them at a cooler temperature until they're fully ripe.
Make sure the plums don't get too hot; placing them in a sunny window might cause the to overheat, making them rot more quickly.
4. **Check the plums for ripeness.** Smell the plums. Do they smell rich, fragrant and fresh? Feel the plums. Do they indent slightly when you press your thumb into their sides? If so, the plums are ripe, and ready to either eat or go into longer-term storage.
Plums' skin takes on a dusty look as it begins to ripen.
Catch the plums before they get too soft, or juice begins to squeeze out from the skin; this means they're overripe.
5. **Store ripe plums in the refrigerator.** This will keep them in top shape and prevent fast deterioration. Place them in an open plastic bag - not a sealed one. Plums stored in the refrigerator will last two to four weeks.
Make sure your refrigerator is clean and free of heavy smells. Plums tend to take on the smell of the refrigerator after a few days.
Put them in the crisper section of the refrigerator.
6. **Prevent bruising by storing plums inside old egg cartons.** One plum per egg space does the trick. Make sure heavier produce doesn't get stored on top of the plums.
7. **Eat plums soon after picking or purchasing.** Plums can be stored for several weeks, but they definitely taste best when they're fresh. The sooner you can eat them after they ripen, the better. If you have a big bushel of plums to use up, try making one of these delicious dishes:
Plum cake is a popular way to celebrate summer's bounty of plums.
Vodka-infused plums are a flavorful topping for ice cream.
If you have little ones in your house, plum puree makes a special, healthy summer treat.
Spoiled plums don't have to go to waste - they can be stewed.
8. ** Freeze plums** Frozen plums will keep for several months, and up to a year. Choose plums that are at their peak flavor and ripeness - underripe plums won't taste good when you thaw them.
Wash the plums and dry them.
Slice the plums into wedges and remove the pits.
Lay the wedges on a cookie sheet.
Freeze the plum wedges.
Place the frozen wedges in a food storage bag or bin.
Label the food storage bag or bin with the date and put it back in the freezer.
9. ** Make plum jam** This is an excellent way to preserve your plums so they last for months to come. You'll need to peel your plums to remove the skins before combining the flesh with sugar, pectin and lemon juice. Store your jam in sterilized jars and enjoy it all through the winter months. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Store-Plums", "language": "en"} |
How to Add Texture to Your Hair | Shattered bobs and beachy waves are all the rage, but learning how to add texture to hair can sometimes feel like a hassle. Like fashion, hair trends change at the speed of light and maybe you feel like you just mastered the art of creating smooth waves. Fortunately, adding texture can be as simple as roughing up those waves with sea-salt spray and piecing the ends out with pomade.
1. **Braid your hair for lasting texture.** For lasting texture and beachy waves, braid your hair while it’s damp and let it dry. Alternatively, you can set the braids with your flat iron if your hair is dry. Clamp and iron braids down while working through sections the same width as your iron. Loosen the braids, then toss and lift your roots to work hairspray underneath.
Braid your hair into several sections to create even waves. If you use only 1 braid, the hair around your crown and hairline won’t be wavy. Instead, place 1 braid on each side starting above your ears and 1 in the back starting at your nape.
2. **Give your roots a boost with Velcro rollers.** Velcro rollers work by giving you soft lift off your scalp. Start with a section the same width as your roller in your crown area. Use 3 rollers back to back and roll 1 to 2 more perpendicularly on each side. Continue this pattern all the way to your front hairline if you want maximum volume.
Make sure you roll each section directly off and perpendicular to your scalp.
Add extra volume by over-directing the roller at a 45 degree angle from your head.
3. **Use a curl wand on second-day hair.** Your natural oils will give you the grip and texture you need for a tousled look using a curl wand. Hold the wand with the small end pointing down and wrap 1 inch (2.5 cm) sections away from your face.
Swap your wand for a regular 1 inch (2.5 cm) curling iron and make sure you point the top down.
4. **Curl your hair, apply dry shampoo, and piece out the ends with pomade.** Make your curls look effortless and lived-in instead of perfectly placed by spraying dry shampoo and piecing them out with pomade. Curl your hair with a 1 inch (2.5 cm) curling iron, spray and scrunch dry shampoo through the mid-lengths, ends and roots of your hair. Rub a fingernail-sized amount of pomade through your palms. Then, twist 1 inch (2.5 cm) sections of your curls while you run the pomade through 3 to 4 inches (7.6 to 10.2 cm) of your ends.
5. **Spritz sea-salt spray on damp hair.** Even if you thought you didn’t have enough waves to rock them naturally, you will after you use sea-salt spray. Towel dry your hair thoroughly and let your locks air dry, until they’re just slightly damp. Spritz sea-salt spray about 6 inches (15 cm) away from your hair through your mid-lengths and ends, while you hand-scrunch the ends.
Continue to let your hair air dry or use a diffuser to enhance your waves and add more texture.
6. **Curl your hair and rough it up with sea-salt spray.** Sea-salt spray is great at adding texture to curls made with an iron. Use a 1.25 in (3.2 cm) iron to curl hair and spray 3 to 4 squirts on each side and the back, while you scrunch the ends with your fingers and palms. Spray more of your favorite brand if you like, because sea-salt spray has a light to medium hold.
7. **Make your own sea-salt spray.** Sea-salt spray can be made at home with sea-salt, gel, leave-in conditioner and argan oil. Fill an empty spray bottle three-quarters full with warm, filtered water. Add 2 teaspoons (10 g) of sea salt, 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of leave-in conditioner, a squirt of gel and a ⁄2 teaspoon (2.5 ml) of argan oil. Shake until the mixture is dissolved and let it cool before using it in your hair.
Substitute coconut oil for argan oil if your hair is dry.
8. **Make straight hair look like bed-head hair.** Create a rockstar, just rolled out of bed, look by spritzing sea-salt spray throughout straight hair. Spritz sea-salt spray throughout dry hair using 3 to 4 squirts on each side and the back. Scrunch the mid-lengths and ends while you rub 2 in (5.1 cm) pieces with your fingertips.
9. **Blow-dry hair with sea-salt spray before pulling it up.** Whether you’re pulling hair into a bun, braid or ponytail, sea-salt spray can give the texture you need to hold them in place. Spritz all over damp hair and lift roots with your fingers while you blow dry. Continue drying by raking your fingers throughout the lengths.
10. **Use dry shampoo throughout roots and mid-lengths.** Dry shampoo can be a life saver on no wash days and when you want to add texture. Sprinkle or spray your favorite dry shampoo by tilting your head to one side and lifting roots with your fingertips. Lightly rub the product into your scalp for an extra lived-in look, but make sure you don’t brush your hard work out.
11. **Piece short hair out with pomade.** Short hair needs texture sometimes more than longer styles. Piece out the ends of a short cut with pomade. Scoop out a fingernail sized amount, rub it between your hands and piece out the ends with your fingertips and your palms by rubbing them on 1 inch (2.5 cm) sections of hair. Use a light pomade for fine hair and a heavier one for thick hair.
12. **Add invisible volume with texturizing spray.** Texturizing spray is great for all hair types, because it adds weightless volume and light hold. You can layer many of them for added hold too, so spray it a little more on buns, braids and curls. Tilt your hair over to the side, flip your roots up with your fingers and spray away for body in medium to long lengths.
13. **Volumize your roots with texture powder.** Texture powder, sometimes referred to as teasing powder, will give your style serious lasting power. Sprinkle texture powder onto your roots and rub it in with your fingertips for volume in any style.
Prevent your style from falling flat by not combing or brushing the powder out. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Add-Texture-to-Your-Hair", "language": "en"} |
How to Increase Uterine Lining | A healthy uterine lining, or endometrium, helps women have regular periods and get pregnant. If you have a thin uterine lining, you might be experiencing trouble getting pregnant. Fortunately, a thin endometrium can be treated with some lifestyle modifications, and you can work with your doctor to thicken the endometrium with medical methods. Stay positive – many women are able to increase their uterine lining and improve their chance of pregnancy!
1. **Exercise daily.** Exercising increases the blood flow throughout your body, and that includes blood flow to your uterus. Good blood flow builds a better endometrium. Take at least thirty minutes out of your day to be active – whether you like to swim, run, bike, do yoga, or just take a walk.
If you have a job that requires you to sit still a lot, try to get up and move around for two minutes out of every hour.
2. **Get at least 7 hours of sleep each night.** Stay well rested to keep your hormone levels stable – estrogen and other hormones balance out while you sleep. Try to develop a healthy sleep pattern to ensure you get 7-9 hours of sleep nightly. Try the following to improve your sleep pattern:
Set a specific time to go to bed and wake up each day. Try to go to bed around 10-11 pm.
Avoid napping during the day.
Save your bedroom for sleep – don’t watch TV in bed, for instance.
Have a relaxing nighttime routine, like taking a warm bath or giving yourself a hand massage.
Sleep in a cool, dark room.
3. **De-stress.** Stress and the chemicals it releases can affect your body negatively, including your hormone balance. Manage your stress by taking time each day to relax. Try yoga, meditation, a creative project like writing or painting, aromatherapy, or anything else that relaxes you. If you have a stressful home or work life, try to practice mindfulness.
4. **Try a fertility diet.** Your diet may affect your fertility. Aim to eat a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. A high-fat, low-carb diet may also help. If possible, get more of your protein from vegetables and beans than meat. Avoid trans-fats and processed foods.
5. **Take herbal supplements.** Though these are not scientifically proven to increase uterine thickness, taking certain herbs may help increase your circulation and thus improve blood flow to your uterus, or may amp up your body’s estrogen supply. Many supplements can be found at your pharmacy, health food store, or online (but be sure to buy from a reputable seller). Check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting an herbal supplement – they’re natural, but they can still interact with other medications or medical conditions. Consider the following to boost or balance estrogen levels, or increase circulation:
Wild yam
Black cohosh
Dong quai
Licorice
Red clover
Red raspberry leaf tea
6. **Try acupuncture.** Acupuncture helps regulate your menstrual health by improving your uterine blood flow. Visit a licensed acupuncturist for treatment. They will apply needles to specific points in your body to help you improve your circulation, regulate hormones, and promote healing.
7. **Avoid practices that decrease blood flow.** Just as you can try practices to increase your blood flow, you should avoid doing anything that minimizes your blood flow. Some of the most common practices that decrease blood flow are:
Smoking: Quit smoking! It’s hazardous to your health and decreases blood flow.
Drinking caffeine: Aim to minimize your caffeine to 1 cup per day. Cut back caffeine gradually to avoid withdrawal effects.
Taking decongestants: Allergy and sinus medications that contain phenylephrine or other “vasoconstrictors” narrow blood vessels, so try to use other products without this ingredient.
8. **Visit your doctor.** If you’re having an irregular period or a difficult time getting pregnant, visit your regular doctor or your OB/GYN. There are many reasons this can occur, so have a physical examination to rule out other causes than thin uterine lining. If a thin endometrium is your problem, your doctor will be the best person to help you decide on treatment.
It’s important to determine the cause of your thin endometrium to best treat the condition.
9. **Try estrogen therapy.** The first step to increase uterine lining is usually to manipulate your hormones using estrogen therapy. Your doctor may prescribe you a method of birth control that contains estrogen, or give you estrogen in the form of a pill, patch, gel, cream, or spray.
Taking estrogen can increase your risk for blood clots, heart disease, and some cancers. Discuss your health history and family history with your doctor.
10. **Take a vasodilator medication.** Your uterine lining needs good blood flow to grow, so restricted arteries can cause a thin endometrium. Talk to your doctor about whether you can take a medication that expands your blood vessels, called a vasodilator, to improve blood flow to your uterus.
People with certain medical conditions should not take vasodilators, and these medications can cause side effects like fast heartbeat, fluid retention, headache, chest pain, and nausea. Discuss your health history with your doctor before starting any medication.
11. **Increase your Vitamin E.** Taking vitamin E may improve blood flow to the uterine lining and improve endometrial thickness. Eat foods rich in vitamin E, and talk to your doctor about taking a vitamin E supplement – sometimes called tocopherol. The recommended daily intake of vitamin E is 15mg for women; ask your doctor about higher doses to increase uterine lining – 600mg were given to women in studies. Foods high in vitamin E include:
Almonds, pine nuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, and peanut butter
Raw seeds like pumpkin, sunflower, and sesame
Swiss chard, kale, and spinach
Mustard greens, turnip greens, and parsley
Avocado, broccoli, tomato, and olives
Mango, papaya, and kiwi
Wheat germ oil, safflower oil, and corn oil
12. **Check the levels of iron in your blood.** Iron deficiency can cause a thin uterine lining. Ask your doctor to do a blood test to check your iron levels. If your levels are low, you may need to eat more iron-rich foods or take a supplement.
Meat and fish are the best sources of iron.
Vegans and vegetarians are at higher risk of iron deficiency. Make sure to eat iron-rich grains and vegetables, such as quinoa, lentils, spinach, and tofu.
13. **Take an l-arginine supplement.** There is good scientific evidence that taking an l-arginine supplement helps people with heart trouble and leg pain due to clogged arteries. Because of its ability to expand arteries and improve blood flow, taking l-arginine may help to increase uterine lining. You can get these supplements at your pharmacy or health food store.
There is no set dosing limit for l-arginine, but it can be taken anywhere in the range of 0.5-15mg for different ailments. Studies have used 6 g/day to treat thin uterine lining. Talk to your doctor about dosing and whether this supplement is right for you.
14. **Ask about low-dose aspirin therapy.** Taking low-dose aspirin has been shown to improve some women’s rate of pregnancy, though it’s in question whether this is due to increasing the thickness of the uterine lining. Only take aspirin with your doctor’s approval, after discussing your health history.
15. **Discuss pentoxifylline with your doctor.** Pentoxifylline (Trental) is a medication that increases your blood flow. It’s been combined with vitamin E to thicken the uterine lining of women trying to get pregnant. It can make you dizzy and may upset your stomach. Discuss pentoxifylline with your doctor, and be sure to tell them the following:
If you’re allergic to caffeine or any drugs
What medications you’re taking, especially any blood-thinners (anticoagulants)
If you have or ever had kidney problems
If you’re trying to get pregnant
If you’re having surgery soon
16. **Research cytokine treatment.** If standard practices have failed to help thicken your uterine lining, consider working with a specialist to try a newer medical procedure. Treatment with Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has improved the endometrium in trials of women preparing for in vitro fertilization. This is a new method that is still being studied, but ask your doctor whether it’s something to consider. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Increase-Uterine-Lining", "language": "en"} |
How to Treat Headaches at the Base of the Skull (Cervicogenic Headaches) | Cervicogenic headaches are headaches that originate from the neck, specifically from the base of the skull at the top of the spine. The headaches start out intermittently in the initial stages, and then slowly become continuous. Most cervicogenic headaches are caused by stress, fatigue, problems sleeping, back and neck injuries, poor posture, and disc injuries. They are usually triggered by sudden neck movements and may be accompanied by dizziness and blurred vision. An episode usually lasts from one hour to one week. Luckily, in addition to physical therapy and medication, they can be treated at home through safe exercises, good posture, and proper self-care.
1. **Maintain good posture** While sitting and standing, it's incredibly important to maintain proper posture to avoid pressure on the spine. Less pressure on your spine will help your cervicogenic headaches improve, as this is where the stress originates. Though it will take conscious effort initially, over time, good posture will just become a habit.
While sitting, consider supporting your back with a pillow or a rolled towel. Once that's in place around your beltline, make sure your hips are firmly pressed on the back of the chair. Lean slightly forward to make yourself comfortable. This method will help reduce the pressure that is exerted on the spine when you're seated.
2. **Make walking part of your exercise routine.** No need to do fancy exercises – simple walking can strengthen your back, leading to more manageable and fewer headaches. Aim for 20-30 minutes a day, together or in 10-minute chunks if need be. Constant exercise is great for your weight, too.
Walking on a treadmill is a decent option, too, if the weather doesn't allow you to walk outside. You can also make little efforts by taking the stairs, parking far away from the entrance of your building, or simply taking the dog the long way around the block.
3. **Take NSAIDS, like ibuprofen.** Ibuprofen is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). This drug works by blocking enzymes called cyclo-oxygenase. Take 200 to 400mg of ibuprofen (capsule or tablet) every 4 to 6 hours. However, it can cause stomach acidity, so it's best if taken after meals to prevent hyper-acidity.
These cyclo-oxygenase enzymes produce prostaglandin which is responsible for the production of pain and inflammation in the area of injury. The blocking of the cyclo-oxygenase enzymes decreases prostaglandin production, in turn decreasing pain and inflammation, reducing your headache.
4. **Consider painkillers, like paracetamol (Tylenol).** Paracetamol (or acetaminophen) is categorized as a pain reliever and fever reducer. Many brands of paracetamol are over the counter, inexpensive, and easily accessible. The recommended dosage for adults suffering from mild pain due to cervicogenic headache is 500mg every 4 to 6 hours.
The recommended dosage for adults suffering from moderate pain is 1000mg every 4 to 6 hours. The maximum daily dose of paracetamol is 4000 mg for adults.
5. **Use antiepileptic drugs.** These drugs are used to manage peripheral and central pain transmission. They are commonly recommended for migraines, head and face pain.
One of the common antiepileptic drugs is Divalproex sodium. It is effective due to its dual mechanism of action. It acts on sodium channels and increases levels of aminobutyric acid. The recommended dose is 250 mg orally twice a day for 1 week.
Divalproex sodium is not recommended for pregnant women since it can cause neural tube defects.
Another antiepileptic drug is gabapentin. This drug is thought to have positive effects for those suffering from neuropathic pain and migraines. Gabapentin alleviates pain responses and in certain cases can prevent them entirely. The recommended dose is 100 mg to 300 mg daily taken at bedtime.
6. **Do leg stances.** This exercise helps to balance the body, aligning the neck, back, and shoulders, as each set is done on one leg. Proper alignment is necessary for fewer (and less intense) headaches, reducing stress on the area. Here's how to do this exercise:
Start by standing behind the chair while holding onto it using both hands.
Lift one leg off the floor and maintain balance using the other leg for approximately 5 seconds.
Return the lifted leg to the floor and repeat this side four more times. This exercise should then be performed 5 times using the other leg, too.
7. **Lie straight on your stomach to strengthen your back.** To easily strengthen your back, simply lie face down on your stomach. Stay in this position, adjusting to make sure your body is in good alignment, lying completely straight. Then, breathe slowly and deeply. This exercise helps to relieve tension and pressure on the back and the spine.
Then, prop yourself up, still in the prone position (on your stomach). On your elbows, hold this position for 1-2 minutes while breathing deeply and slowly. This exercise helps to stretch the muscles in the back and helps in reducing pain.
8. **Do shoulder blade exercises.** These can be done either in a sitting or standing position. Working this area strengthens your upper back and spine, reducing tension and stress at the base of your neck, thus reducing your headaches. Here's how to do this type of exercise:
While sitting or standing, keep your back straight. Check that your hips are under your core and not rolled forward or backward.
Squeeze your shoulders together, backward. Your chest will jut out.
Hold for five seconds and repeat ten times.
9. **Do chin tug exercises.** This exercise can be done either standing or sitting. Move your shoulders back slightly and tuck your chin. Keep your face and eyes forward. Keep this position for ten seconds and repeat ten times.
There are different exercises that can be done at home which can minimize cervicogenic headaches, and these are just a few. The aim is to stabilize and control upper cervical spine movement. These exercises should be done 3-5 times a day. For maximum effect, gradually increase the number of times each one is done daily.
10. **Work with a physiotherapist.** Specific types of physical therapy can help relieve cervicogenic headaches. Since this type of headache is mostly caused by tension and stress, continuous physical therapy, done with a certified professional, can relieve cervicogenic headaches.
Gradually increase your physical therapy exercises in the amount of intensity. Physical therapy should start out gentle and light and gradually increase. It is suggested that six weeks of physical therapy can improve recurrent cervicogenic exercise.However, if the headache is felt or aggravated after physical therapy, you should limit yourself to less vigorous exercise.
11. **Explore different physical therapy exercises.** Some physical therapy exercises that address cervicogenic headaches are cervical spine manipulation and strengthening exercises like deep neck flexors, upper quarter muscle stretches, thoracic spine thrust manipulation, and C1-C2 self-sustained natural apophyseal glides. Here's how they work:
Cervical spine manipulation is done lying on your back with the doctor or physical therapist gently moving your neck and adjusting it. It can also be done in a sitting or face-down position.
Craniocervical spine extensors are done by a back and forth and circular controlled motion of the head.
Co-contraction is done through self-restricted isometric rotation in a correct upright position.
Retraining the strength of the superficial and deep flexor synergy is done by lifting the head followed by cervical flexion. This must be done in a lying position. The flexion and lifting of the head must be done slowly to prevent worsening the condition.
Restraining scapular muscles can be done by moving the shoulder bones upward and backward. They are then held in that position for 10 seconds to strengthen the area.
C1-C2 self-sustained apophyseal glides are done through active and passive physiological activities with the assessment of the physical therapist.
12. **With a trained professional, stretch your muscles.** Most people with cervicogenic headaches complain of tightness of the muscles, including the pectoralis major and minor, trapezius, and levator muscles (the muscles found on the upper part of the body). Stretching them out and contracting them against resistance (with your physiotherapist) can get rid of this tightness, lengthening the muscle.
This should only be done with the help of the physiotherapist who can apply the resistance for you. Once in place with the resistance applied, you'll exhale and relax the muscle. The exercise will then be repeated on the opposite side.
13. **Get a lumbar corset from your physical therapist.** This device can support your back so that the spine can be maintained in an optimal position. This is very important for people who have frequent back pains because it helps to reduce pressure on the spine.
The corset can be used in the office, home, or in the car because it is portable, ensuring that the back is supported at all times.
14. **Ask your physiotherapist about kinesiology tape.** KT tape can decrease the pain in your shoulders and neck. The specific tape that is used is called a lift strip. Here's how it works:
With your physiotherapist, sit with your shoulders and neck exposed.
The lift strip is then cut to a length of 3-4 inches long (7.5-10 cm) for each side of the neck.
The paper backing that is in the center of the strip is removed, making it look like an adhesive bandage.
The kinesiology tape is fully stretched and then is applied on the shoulder area and the neck where the pain is present.
The tape should be rubbed gently to make it adhere to the skin.
The strip is left on the skin for 2-5 days. The area around the skin should be monitored for redness or a rash as this can be an indication of a reaction to the tape. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Headaches-at-the-Base-of-the-Skull-(Cervicogenic-Headaches)", "language": "en"} |
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