Saint Bernadette Soubirous
a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes"
Main Building
a Marian place of prayer and reflection
a golden statue of the Virgin Mary
September 1876
twice a year
The Observer
three
1987
Rome
Moreau Seminary
Old College
Retired priests and brothers
Buechner Prize for Preaching
eight
1920
Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering
five
1870s
a learning Resource Center
five
The First Year of Studies program
U.S. News & World Report
1924
professional Master of Divinity
Alliance for Catholic Education program
1854
Department of Pre-Professional Studies
The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
President Emeritus
1986
McDonald
McDonald
14
Theodore M. Hesburgh Library
1963
Millard Sheets
"Touchdown Jesus"
3,577
19.7%
top 10 to 15
39.1%
750 miles
18th
8th
1st
USA Today
57.6%
Father Joseph Carrier
1851–1921
Science Department
Evolution and Dogma
Professor of Chemistry and Physics
1882
Professor Jerome Green
1899
Father Julius Nieuwland
an early wind tunnel
Lobund Institute
1940s
1950
1958
1928
The Review of Politics
German Catholic journals
44
The Review of Politics
John Jenkins
Medieval Institute
recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet
2013
how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt
8,448
Around 21–24%
700
Holy Cross Missions
12,179
About 80%
20%
15
20%
14
Congregatio a Sancta Cruce
93%
over 100 times per week
Fifty-seven
93%
Washington Hall
1879
the Rev. William Corby
17th of May
LaFortune Student Center
traditional scholastic and classical emphasis
College of Commerce
Father James Burns
three years
Harvard Law School
Knute Rockne
105
1925
13
three
Princeton
Ku Klux Klan
Fr. Matthew Walsh
week-long Klavern
Ku Klux Klan
Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara
John Francis O'Hara
"Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother
1883
God and of his Blessed Mother
more than half
the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies
Hall of Liberal Arts
John J. Cavanaugh
the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn
1952–87
$9.7 million to $176.6 million
35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations
1952–87
more than doubled 389 to 950
coeducational
Dean of Arts and Letters
Vice President of Student Affairs
1971
Saint Mary's College
1987–2005
1240 to 1360
$350 million to more than $3 billion
$70 million
500
July 1, 2005
17th
C.S.C.
Compton Family Ice Arena
$400m
the Congregation of Holy Cross
Basilica of the Sacred Heart
French Revival
Luigi Gregori
1896
Fr. Zahm
1950
Joseph LaFortune
83,000 square feet
$1.2 million
29
Theodore Hesburgh Library
almost 4 million
Duncan Hall
Fighting Irish football team
2008
40%
Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010
Liberation Theology
1968
1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square
Jerusalem
1998
The College of Arts and Letters
1842
1849
Saint Louis University
33
Father Patrick Dillon
1865
six
Jordan Hall of Science
over 1,200
Notre Dame School of Architecture
Bond Hall
third year
Rome
Driehaus Architecture Prize
2015
Stanford Hall
over three million volumes
one of the 100 largest
The rise of Hitler and other dictators
Germany
classics and law
Max Scheler
a renowned sculptor
Touchdown Jesus
Catholic research
Our Lady of the Lake
Virgin Mary
1,250
Fighting Irish football team
Knute Rockne
NCAA Division I
seven
13
top twenty
four
Driehaus Architecture Prize
50
Snite Museum of Art
1842
Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandire
Holy Cross
November 26, 1842
Old College
1849
1865
Father Lemonnier
1873
1873
NDtv
24-hour
WSND-FM
WVFI
$215 million
June 3, 2008
Kite Realty
City of South Bend
non-union workers
National Collegiate Athletic Association
Horizon League
Midwest Fencing Conference
Midwest Fencing Conference
Big East Conference
Big Ten Conference
five
Central Collegiate Hockey Association
Navy Blue and Gold Rush
The Notre Dame Leprechaun
University of Notre Dame and Under Armour
$100 million
1846
plays at home games for most of the sports
Notre Dame Victory March
Michigan Wolverines
1887
Ohio State University
USC
the greatest intersectional rivalry
George Gipp
Notre Dame
Pat O'Brien
Pat O'Brien
80,795
two-story banner
Traditional activities
Bond Hall
Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater
Saturday
1,600
12
28
Austin Carr
Mike Brey
John F. Shea
1904
The Rev. Michael J. Shea
1928
onward to victory
The Gipper
Knute Rockne, All American, Knute Rockne
Sean Astin
George Zipp
All American
Condoleezza Rice
Eric F. Wieschaus
Rev. John Jenkins
Olympic gold medalist
Jim Wetherbee
September 4, 1981
singing and dancing competitions
late 1990s
Houston, Texas
1981
Destiny's Child
Dangerously in Love
Mathew Knowles
Houston
Dangerously in Love
September 4, 1981
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter
late 1990s
lead singer of R&B girl-group
Dangerously in Love
2003
five
lead singer of R&B girl-group
Dangerously in Love
Dangerously in Love (2003)
"Beautiful Liar"
Jay Z
six
Dreamgirls
2010
Beyoncé
Cadillac Records
June 2005
B'Day
a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls
Jay Z
Sasha Fierce
love, relationships, and monogamy
influential
Forbes
2000s
Forbes magazine
creates songs that are often characterized by themes of love, relationships, and monogamy
2013 and 2014
118 million
60 million
60 million
20
Forbes magazine
Destiny's Child
Acadian leader Joseph Broussard
Destiny
Destiny
Xerox
Methodist household
Solange
Joseph Broussard
Destiny
Destiny
Solange
Joseph Broussard
Methodist
Houston
Darlette Johnson
Houston
Darlette Johnson
St. John's United Methodist Church
music magnet school
John Lennon's "Imagine"
Fredericksburg
Darlette Johnson
seven
United Methodist Church
Arne Frager
Beyoncé's father
Elektra Records
Arne Frager
1995
Atlanta Records
Elektra Records
eight
eight
LaTavia Roberson
Arne Frager
1995
Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment
"No, No, No"
"Say My Name"
Marc Nelson
1996
Book of Isaiah
Men in Black
"Say My Name"
Marc Nelson
Book of Isaiah
Men in Black
"No, No, No"
1997
Marc Nelson
depression
depression
Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams
split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause
a couple of years
Beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it
Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams
the media, critics, and blogs
Luckett and Roberson
Farrah Franklin
Independent Women Part I
eleven consecutive
MTV
663,000
Georges Bizet
Survivor
Charlie's Angels
Carmen: A Hip Hopera
Beyoncé
Luckett and Roberson
early 2001
Mike Myers
UK, Norway, and Belgium
The Fighting Temptations
Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free
"Summertime"
Austin Powers
$73 million
The Fighting Temptations
"Fighting Temptation"
mixed review from critics but grossed $30 million in the U.S. Beyoncé released "Fighting Temptation as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album
Foxxy Cleopatra
Mike Myers
"Work It Out"
The Fighting Temptations
"Work It Out"
Jay Z's "'03 Bonnie & Clyde"
Dangerously in Love
11 million copies
"Baby Boy"
517,000
Jay Z
Dangerously in Love
atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide
Luther Vandross
Jay Z
June 24, 2003
"Crazy in Love"
Vocals for "The Closer I Get to You" with Luther Vandross
five
Destiny Fulfilled
2006
2003
Destiny Fulfilled
Rowland
March 2006
the Dangerously in Love Tour
Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys
American national anthem
Destiny Fulfilled
541,000
Déj Vu
Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States
three
twenty-fifth
Jay Z
five
B'Day
541,000
Jay Z
"Green Light"
The Pink Panther
Dreamgirls
The Pink Panther
April 2007
over $24 million
$154 million
The Beyoncé experience
Shakira
The Pink Panther
Diana Ross
" Listen"
The Beyoncé experience
Shakira
Jay Z
November 18, 2008
2000s
Toronto Star
482,000 copies
a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album
April 4, 2008
Scottish MOBO Awards, and the 2009 BET Awards
482,000
April 4, 2008
Jay Z
Sasha Fierce
"Single Ladies"
Toronto Star
Etta James
Phoenix House
James' "At Last"
thriller
MTV Movie Award for Best Fight
Phoenix House
Ali Larter and Idris Elba
Sharon Charles
$68 million
Etta James
Phoenix House
James' "At Last" at the First Couple's first inaugural ball
Idris Elba
ten
Lauryn Hill
Lady Gaga
sixth
Lauryn Hill
ten
US Pop Songs
Lady Gaga
Lauryn Hill
Lauryn Hill
ten
Lauryn Hill
Lady Gaga
Mariah Carey
2010
2010
Great Wall
2010
Beyoncé
January 2010
nine months
music career
her mother
business partners
nine months
2011
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund
Pyramid stage
The Huffington Post
minute
Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi
2011 Glastonbury Festival
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund
Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi
Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi
WikiLeaks
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund
main Pyramid stage
200
"Love on Top"
New York Association of Black Journalists
New York's Roseland Ballroom
June 28, 2011
310,000
New York Association of Black Journalists
late 2011
"Love on Top"
June 28, 2011
310,000
Essence
New York's Roseland Ballroom
January 7, 2012
Lenox Hill Hospital
Blue Ivy Carter
Blue Ivy
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
four nights
four
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
Lenox Hill Hospital
Blue Ivy
four
Love Songs
Life Is But a Dream
a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music
January 2013
"Nuclear"
President Obama
268,000
January 2013
"Nuclear"
pre-recorded track
Super Bowl XLVII
Life Is But a Dream
132
Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
"Rise Up"
Queen Tara
March 2014
Met Gala
Queen Tara
"Rise Up"
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
132
"Back to Black"
Met Gala
Queen Tara
iTunes Store
December 13, 2013
iTunes Store
Jay Z
Forbes
more than double her earnings in 2013
December 13, 2013
one million
Billboard 200
On the Run Tour
six
Beck
Vogue
Coldplay
six
Beck
Coldplay
six
Vogue
Coldplay
Coldplay
six
six
Beck
Vogue magazine
Coldplay
Tidal
Formation
February 6, 2016
on music streaming service Tidal called "Formation"
Tidal
Tidal called "Formation"
February 6, 2016
on music streaming service Tidal
300 million
Paris
a miscarriage
Jay Z
April 4, 2008
300 million
describing it as "the saddest thing" she had ever endured
Paris
The Blueprint 2: The gift & The Curse
April 4, 2008
300 million
a miscarriage
Paris
MTV Video Music Awards
pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening
couple
Guinness World Records
Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history
"most tweets per second recorded for a single event"
"Beyonce pregnant"
"Love on Top"
Guinness World Records
"Love on Top"
couple
"Beyonce pregnant"
Lifeandtimes.com
"Glory"
Blue Ivy Carter
Lenox Hill Hospital
Glory
Blue Ivy's cries
Blue Ivy
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
"Glory"
Blue Ivy's cries
"B.I.C."
George Zimmerman
"America the beautiful"
$4 million
sex marriage
Trayvon Martin
a pre-recorded track
"America the beautiful"
"At Last"
Tumblr
after the Supreme Court debate on California's Proposition 8
Vogue
Ban Bossy
I do believe in equality
April 2013
Ban Bossy
"Flawless"
leadership in girls
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Ban Bossy
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
September 2015
women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa
priorities
2015
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
September 2015
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa
women
Freddie Gray
protesters of Gray
Gray
thousands of dollars
Madonna and Celine Dion
highest-earning power couple
2014
$80 million
Madonna and Celine Dion
Forbes
end of 2014
$40 million
$80 million
Forbes magazine
end of 2014
MTV
In 2013, Beyoncé's endorsements of Pepsi and H&M made her and Jay Z the world's first billion dollar couple in the music industry
four
Jody Rosen
The Daily Mail
hip hop
four
"versatile"
hip hop era
range and power
four
Her vocal abilities
tart
hip hop era
R&B
pop, soul and funk
Irreemplazable
Irreemplazable
Rudy Perez
R&B
English
English
B'Day
R&B
Irreemplazable
Rudy Perez
Irreemplazable
beats herself
"Cater 2 U"
"Independent Women" and "Survivor"
"Independent Women" and "Survivor"
co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Destiny's Child and her solo efforts
sharing them with producers
female-empowerment themed compositions like "Independent Women" and "Survivor"
co-producing
melodies and ideas
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards
Diane Warren
Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters
2001
nine songwriting credits on number-one singles
Billboard magazine
third woman
Pop Songwriter of the Year award
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards
three
17
Michael Jackson
five
World Music Awards
practicing vocal runs
Michael Jackson
Vision of Love
Michael Jackson
where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose
Diana Ross
Whitney Houston
"Vision of Love"
The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day
Josephine Baker
Etta James
B'Day
"boldness" inspired Beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles
fashion Rocks
Josephine Baker
"Déj Vu"
Michelle Obama
February 2013
Oprah Winfrey
US First Lady Michelle Obama
the definition of ideas and a strong woman
his lyrical genius
take control of her own career
his lyrical genius
US First Lady Michelle Obama
Oprah Winfrey
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Madonna
Suga Mama
Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick
Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick
2006 BET Awards
Suga Mama
all-female tour
BET Awards
The Beyoncé experience, 2009–2010 I Am... World Tour and 2013–2014 The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
Suga Mama
B'Day
Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick
2006 BET Awards
stage presence and voice
L.A. Reid
her stage presence and voice
Jarett Wieselman
the greatest entertainer alive
"takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good."
Jarett Wieselman
Def Jam L.A. Reid
"Sasha Fierce"
"Sasha Fierce"
2012
Revel Presents
"too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy"
"Sasha Fierce" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is
"Sasha Fierce"
2008
"Crazy in Love"
Allure magazine
wide-ranging
Touré
Oxford English Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary
"Bootylicious"
"Bootylicious"
2006
Touré
"Bootylicious"
2006
dress "is absolutely for the stage."
modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show
Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show
Complex
January 2013
VH1
People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time"
Complex
January 2013
1
2011
Complex
"Hottest Female Singer of All Time"
Madame Tussauds Wax Museums
Roberto Cavalli
Tyra Banks
Destiny's Style
2007
Tyra Banks
Tyra Banks
People magazine
The Beyontourage
The Beyontourage
The Beyontourage
The Beyontourage
The Beyontourage
The Beyontourage
The Bey Hive
beehive
House of Deréon
L'officiel
House of Deréon
2006
wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon
L'officiel
blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media
L'officiel
House of Deréon
French fashion magazine
African-American
Emmett Price
L'Oréal
only "natural pictures be used"
"it is categorically untrue"
costuming
Emmett Price
L'Oréal
Feria hair color
Vogue
The Guardian
2014
2014
Artist of the Decade
2013
2014
the heir-apparent diva of the USA
Jody Rosen
The Guardian
Time 100
Jody Rosen
2014
White Rabbits
Gwyneth Paltrow
Pepsi commercial
Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial
White Rabbits
artists including Adele, Ariana Grande
Country Strong
White Rabbits
Milk Famous
Gwyneth Paltrow
Country Strong
Nicki Minaj
"Crazy in Love"
two
8 million copies
horse fly
July 2014
Crazy in Love
two
8 million
Drake
Rolling Stone
Drake
Scaptia beyonceae
15 million
118 million
64
60 million
Beyoncé
15 million
118 million
over 118 million
2008
64
over 15 million
118 million
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
64
2008
20
Alison Krauss
52
six
two
20
52
2010
Adele
20
52
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
Pepsi
$50 million
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)
70
April 2013
Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias
endorse Pepsi
Beyoncé
Pepsi
$50 million
Beyoncé
NetBase
Tommy Hilfiger
Beyoncé
Heat
2013
over $400 million
Heat
February 2011
Pulse
six
Diamonds
2010
Heat
six
18
Starpower
American Express, Nintendo DS and L'Oréal
70
out of court by her lawyers
Starpower
Starpower
Starpower
millions
June 2013
Parkwood Entertainment
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
an athletic, street wear brand
fall of 2015
Parkwood Entertainment
fall of 2015
Parkwood Entertainment
London-based fashion retailer Topshop
London-based fashion retailer
to break into the activewear market
March 30, 2015
Jay Z
March 30, 2015
music streaming
low payout of royalties
Tidal
Tidal, Aspiro
Jay Z
Spotify
Agnz Deréon
Agnz Deréon
Beyond Productions
sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the US and Canada
US and Canada
Beyond Productions
2005
Beyond Productions
Destiny's Child's shows and tours
her mother
Deréon
House of Brands
Brazil
2009
a "high-style" mobile game with a social networking component
junior apparel label
May 27, 2010
House of Brands
Beyoncé fashion Diva
Sasha Fierce for Deréon
clothing store C&A
Dillard
British fashion retailer Topshop
April 2016
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
50-50
April 2016
Topshop
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
activewear line
Hurricane Katrina
$250,000
Hurricane Ike three years
Survivor Foundation
$250,000
expanded to work with other charities in the city
Survivor Foundation
$250,000
Hurricane Ike
Wyclef Jean
Brooklyn Phoenix House
"God Bless the USA"
$1 million
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center
to help raise funds for the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund
Beyoncé
George Clooney and Wyclef Jean
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center
"God Bless the USA"
Sandy Hook Elementary School
"I Was Here"
Miss a Meal
London
her mother Tina Knowles
Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
spread female empowerment
Catapult
Sandy Hook Elementary School
Sandy Hook Elementary School
I Was Here
Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini
Spanish word montaa
4th
44th
77
Spanish word montaa
1908
1908
1981
the ponderosa pine
Maiasaura
21 years after statehood
Oro y Plata
Gold and Silver
1865
1895
bitterroot
62 percent
56
Billings
Missoula and Great Falls
Montaa del Norte
Montaa del Norte
147,040 square miles (380,800 km2)
Wyoming
Idaho
Northern Rocky Mountains
About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains
the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada
Hudson Bay
10,000 feet (3,000 m)
Granite Peak
12,799 feet (3,901 m)
one
since 1996
59 to 41
29 to 21
a swing state
1992
1889
two elections from 1952 to the present
Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport
spring of 2013
BNSF Railway
1880s
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
spring hunting
wolves and mountain lions
1930s
Federation of Fly Fishers
robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries
A River Runs Through It
April 26, 1864
1862
$1.75
1886
450
Hudson Bay
Triple Divide Peak
Pacific Ocean
Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin
Three Forks
generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks to Fort Peck reservoir
1976
north
North Dakota
at least 3,223
flathead Lake
Fort Peck Reservoir
Missouri River
25 percent
90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species
grizzly
five federally endangered species
at least 17
15 inches (380 mm)
34.70 inches
105 inches (2,700 mm)
7
personal income tax
no
Approximately 66,000
1851
1887
Great Falls
63%
German
mining camp
6.5
Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt
1980 and 1990
2007
July 2007
forest fires
1859
Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens
1859
flathead Indian Reservation
Camp Cooke
Fort Benton, Montana
1876
1877
English
94.8
Assiniboine
13,040
1,700
89.4
6.3
2.9
1,032,949
4.40%
Gallatin County
Kalispell
1941
1941
smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties
13 million
325
General Philip Sheridan
1875
1881
1882
1872 and 1873
1876
September 8, 1883
1866
failed bid for statehood
1884
1889
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington
1862
free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States
1868
1877
640 acres (2.6 km2)
$.25
James J. Hill of the Great Northern
1902
1909
free land from 160 to 320 acres (0.6 to 1.3 km2) per family
June 1917
May 1918
criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means
over 200
78, mostly of German or Austrian descent
40,000
57,000
1500
Fort William Henry Harrison
Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow
entire human groups
that group
"in whole or in part"
ICTY8
commentators on the Genocide Convention
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice
biological-physical destruction
Germany
guilty of genocide
courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal courts judgements
the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG)
World War II
Lemkin
United Nations General Assembly
provide a legal definition of the crime
political killings
USSR
would invite international intervention in domestic politics
Soviet machination
political and diplomatic compromise
national, racial, religious or ethnic group
national, racial, religious or ethnic
Jorgic v. Germany case
biological-physical destruction
a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people
Lemming
mobilizing much of the international relations and community
Australian
ritualcide
ritualcide
anthropologist
language, culture, and economic infrastructure
legal aspect of the term
a crime
the deliberate killing of a certain group
the officials in power of a state or area
Peace of Westphalia
the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint
ethnic, national, racial
1648
1944
a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them
a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them
the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)
Winston Churchill
1944
a crime without a name
Raphael Lemkin
a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them
remove the entire group from existence
a number of considerations
numeric size
absolute terms
its prominence within the group
the perpetrators' access to the victims
historical examples of genocide
their reach
genocide
in combination with other factors—inform the analysis
12 January 1951
20
two
United Kingdom
four
diplomatic
research
international legal credibility
alternative definitions
Jonassohn and Bjrnson
slightly different definitions
Kurt
R. J. Rummel
Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr
social and political groups
The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response
membership
Genocide
a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group
policies
communal characteristics
the promotion and execution of policies by a state
nationality
genocides and 'pogroms
murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership
religious group membership
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
eliminate the group
forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group
Adrian Gallagher
collective power
intent
the definition of group identity
destroyed
acts of genocide
1999 Kosovo War
the International Court of Justice
the United States refused to allow a charge of genocide brought against it by former Yugoslavia following the 1999 Kosovo War
Norway
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
humanity
murder
taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder
Raphael Lemkin
European Court of Human Rights
wider interpretation of genocide
ethnic cleansing
expel Muslims and Croats from their homes
the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina
About 30
conspiracy to commit genocide
conspiracy
aiding and abetting genocide
German
genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Belgrade
Ratko Mladi
ten of the eleven charges
Slobodan Miloevi
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
April 1994
Security Council of the United Nations
serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda
those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda
categorizing the situation in Darfur
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur
detracting from the gravity of the crimes perpetrated in that region
Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
Commission report
United States
fourth
structural conditions
psychological and social
Ervin Staub
devaluation of the group that becomes the victim
humanizing a devalued group
emergence of resistance of bacteria
evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy
1943
penicillin and erythromycin
evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy
select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics
1943
Luria–Delbrck experiment
its concentration
bacterial infection
the bacterial growth phase
division of bacterial cells
its concentration
several factors
the antimicrobial activity of an antibacterial is usually combined with its pharmacokinetic profile
bacterial functions or growth processes
penicillins and cephalosporins
polymyxins
macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines
based on their mechanism of action
penicillins and cephalosporins
polymyxins
four
mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity
the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems
beta-lactam
aminoglycosides
solely by chemical synthesis
modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds
less than 2000 atomic mass units
penicillins
fungi in the genus Penicillium
tuberculosis
livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance
World Health Organization
20th century
antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
raising
World Health Organization
20th
antibiotic resistance
vaccination
20th century
raising
World Health Organization
every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country
20th century
antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
tuberculosis
tuberculosis
empirical
usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic
spectrum antibiotic
proven or suspected infection
several days
unidentified
a patient has proven or suspected infection
initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory
photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora
adverse side effects
quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid
the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient
negative effects
clinical use
microbial organisms
Adverse
host microbiota
negative effects on humans or other mammals
photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
diarrhea
Antibacterials
elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid
obesity
subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment
penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin
unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans
there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity
a causal relationship remains unclear
Early life
unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans
antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills
1%
reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon
increase in the activities of hepatic liver enzymes' causing increased breakdown of the pill's active ingredients
extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives
contraceptive pills
1%
absorption of estrogens
oral contraceptives
antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills
interfere with contraceptive pills
1%
decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread
While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effect
widespread
side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
moderate alcohol consumption
alcohol and antibiotics
therapy
specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects
alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread
Intrinsic antibacterial resistance
antibacterial resistance genes
an antibiotic target
through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange
a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA
vertical transmission of mutations
carry these resistance genes
superbugs
emergence
nearly half a million
emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis
increases in bacterial strains and species that no longer respond to treatment with the most common antibiotics
Self prescription of antibiotics
Self prescription of antibiotics
excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics
the correct dosage of antibiotics
failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery
their prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold
reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics
the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
2002
2003
Swann report 1969
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)
S.742 and H.R. 2562
American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association
animal husbandry
1977
March 2012
specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts
in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago
mold and plant materials
against life
Jean Paul Vuillemin
crude
Alexander Fleming
chemotherapy
crude preparation to treat some infections
Prontosil
Gerhard Domagk
Gerhard Domagk
Nobel Prize for Medicine
tyrothricin
1939
a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine
Rene Dubos
a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine
1942
1945
Norman Heatley
1945
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions
cell-free vaccines
cell-free vaccines
Phage therapy
by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages
the phages will infect "good" bacteria, or the bacteria that are important in the everyday function of human beings
seven antibiotics against the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) currently in phase 2 or phase 3 clinical trials
seven
2013
FDA
appropriate economic incentives
Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms
Allan Coukell
Polish and French
Romantic
solo piano
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin
20
1815
Romantic
Warsaw
solo piano
20, less than a month
17 October 1849
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin
solo piano
Romantic
1815
Warsaw
20, less than a month
Romantic
1830
21
30
1835
Majorca
tuberculosis
Paris
30
Franz Liszt
1835
George Sand
21
30
1835
Jane Stirling
1835
Jane Stirling
tuberculosis
ballade
instrumental ballade
Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert
their nuance and sensitivity
salons
the piano
instrumental ballade
their nuance and sensitivity
mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, preludes and sonatas
Polish
ballade
Polish
their nuance and sensitivity
instrumental ballade
ballade
Polish
Paris salons
varying degrees of historical accuracy
films and biographies
Romantic
films and biographies
Poland
Poland
political insurrection
Romantic
Poland, in France
political insurrection
Romantic era
elazowa Wola
1 March
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
29
elazowa Wola
Napoleon
22 February 1810
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
Napoleon
22 February 1810
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
elazowa Wola
Napoleon
Justyna Krzyanowska
Easter Sunday
Polish
Nicolas Chopin
Lorraine
Nicolas Chopin
Fryderyk Skarbek
Ludwika
Nicolas Chopin
Lorraine
Fryderyk Skarbek
October 1810
French
Palace grounds
flute and violin
illnesses
October 1810
Warsaw Lyceum
flute and violin
the piano
six months
French
flute and violin
piano
Palace grounds
Wojciech ywny
Ludwika
seven
two polonaises
a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821
Wojciech ywny
Ludwika
seven
1816
1816 to 1821
Wojciech ywny
Ludwika
seven
ywny
1817
Kazimierz Palace
Kazimierz Palace
Belweder Palace
Niemcewicz
1817
Kazimierz Palace
the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine
piano
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Belweder Palace
Grand Duke Constantine
march
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
1823 to 1826
Jzef Elsner
eolomelodicon
Alexander I
May 1825
Wilhelm Wrfel
Wilhelm Wrfel
Rondo Op
diamond ring
Rondo Op
Tsar Alexander I
Jzef Elsner
eolomelodicon
a diamond ring
Rondo Op
Dominik Dziewanowski
Szafarnia
Polish
Polish
Warsaw
Polish rural folk music
Dominik Dziewanowski
The Szafarnia Courier
Warsaw
1827
Kazimierz Palace
1830
a museum
Ambroy Mieroszewski
1827
1830
portrait of the composer
Ambroy Mieroszewski
Emilia
1830
Chopin Family Parlour
Ambroy Mieroszewski
male
Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Biaobocki, Jan Matuszyski and Julian Fontana
Konstancja Gadkowska
Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Biaobocki, Jan Matuszyski and Julian Fontana
Konstancja Gadkowska
the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)
July 1829
Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Biaobocki, Jan Matuszyski and Julian Fontana
Konstancja Gadkowska
Konstancja Gadkowska
Piano Concerto No. 1
Four
a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki
Gaspare Spontini
Prince Antoni Radziwi
Introduction
September 1828
Prince Antoni Radziwi
Prince Antoni Radziwi
Prince Antoni Radziwi
composer and aspiring cellist
1828
Feliks Jarocki
composer and aspiring cellist
Gaspare Spontini
1829
a set of variations
11 August
two
17 March 1830
a set of variations
Vienna
Piano Concerto No. 2
September 1829
for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists
Niccol Paganini
Vienna
two piano concerts and received many favourable review
three
2 November 1830
Italy
1830
Jachimecki
Zdzisaw Jachimecki
Woyciechowski
Italy
Poland
Europe
Woyciechowski
1830
I curse the moment of my departure
1831
the Polish Great Emigration
French
1835
friends and confidants
Pole
late September 1831
the Polish Great Emigration
1835
Adam Zamoyski
Poland
French
French
Adam Zamoyski
Polish Great Emigration
Paris
Adam Mickiewicz
songs
Adam Mickiewicz
artists and other distinguished figures
Adam Mickiewicz
Adam Mickiewicz
Julian Fontana
Albert Grzymaa
elder brother
Albert Grzymaa
Polish
England
England
Albert Grzymaa
Albert Grzymaa
Samson
Warsaw Conservatory
Robert Schumann
26 February 1832
keyboard technique
his father
Robert Schumann
26 February 1832
wealthy Rothschild banking family
end of 1831
keyboard technique
publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe
salons
a concert
the Salle Pleyel
Hiller
Maurice Schlesinger
Adolphe Gutmann
Paris apartment
J.S. Bach
Maurice Schlesinger
Felix Mendelssohn
playing and discussing music at his piano
Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow
Carlsbad
Dsseldorf
Hiller
Carlsbad
July 1836
Wodziskis
Felix Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn
director of the Academy of Art
Delacroix
Woyciechowski
Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.
Liszt
26 February 1832
Woyciechowski
Liszt
George Onslow's Sonata
a few blocks away
seven
Hector Berlioz
Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory
on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841
the Beethoven Memorial
Htel de France
Htel de France
seven
Hector Berlioz
love-hate
their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship
annoyance
my friend Liszt
Op
Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin
Liszt
Hiller
Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin
Hiller
George Sand
Marie d'Agoult
My tragedy
Grzymaa
George Sand
she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand
My tragedy
Marie d'Agoult
1837
My tragedy
Grzymaa
London
they had become lovers
six
lovers
a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa
Camille Pleyel
English piano maker
six years
Félicien Mallefille
Valldemossa
end of June 1838
Majorca
Camille Pleyel
Félicien Mallefille
former Carthusian monastery
Three
Pleyel piano
Pleyel
Three
December
his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca
Pleyel piano
December
Pleyel
bad weather
the Canuts
Barcelona
Nohant
Square d'Orléans
a local French couple, the Canuts
Marseilles
Nohant
5 rue Tronchet
Square d'Orléans
bad weather
a local French couple, the Canuts
Marseilles
Square d'Orléans
Nohant
the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funbre et triomphale
tenth
tenor Adolphe Nourrit
a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne
Die Gestirne
Adolphe Nourrit
transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne
Berlioz's Grande symphonie funbre et triomphale
July Revolution
Polonaise
Pauline Viardot
7 June 1842
piano technique and composition
Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot
piano technique and composition
Delacroix
1842
Grzymaa
Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement
piano
temporal lobe epilepsy
1842
Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement
temporal lobe epilepsy
1842
mouth and tonsils
Alkan
Charles Hallé
temporal lobe epilepsy
Auguste Clésinger
a lover
a "child," a "little angel" and a "beloved little corpse."
Lucrezia Floriani
1847
1846
Auguste Clésinger
Lucrezia Floriani
Auguste Clésinger
society friends with disdain
Lucrezia Floriani
1847
Op. 58 sonata
refined than many of his earlier compositions
six shorter
six
Op. 58 sonata
six
six shorter pieces
dozen
February 1848
Auguste Franchomme
February 1848
the cellist Auguste Franchomme
struggle financially
Auguste Franchomme
cellist
BBC
Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
BBC
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Roberto Prosseda
A Song to Remember
Cornel Wilde
1928
Hugh Grant
George Sand
A Song to Remember
Cornel Wilde
Henry Roussel
Hugh Grant
1901
Milan
Giacomo Orefice
a fanciful operatic version of some of its events
fanciful
Giacomo Orefice
1901
Milan
Leon Ulrich
Marcel Proust and André Gide
apart from Sand
1830 sonnet
1830
English
every five years
Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin
The New York Times
The Warsaw Chopin Society
every five years
the critics of The New York Times
1895
62 No. 2
Paul Pabst of the Nocturne
The British Library
62 No. 2
Methuen-Campbell
International Chopin Piano Competition
1927
Warsaw
every five years
1,500
International Chopin Piano Competition
1927
the composer
nearly 1,500
Chopiniana
Michel Fokine
Les Sylphides
Alexander Glazunov
1909
Chopiniana
Michel Fokine
Alexander Glazunov
Les Sylphides
London
Jane Stirling and her elder sister
London
Jane Stirling and her elder sister
Jane Stirling and her elder sister
he left for London
Scottish
Dover Street
Broadwood
Stafford House
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
7 July
the high fee of one guinea (£1.05 in present British currency) per hour
a grand piano
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
technique
Viardot
Scotland
Adam yszczyski
Scotland
Glasgow
"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere"
16 November 1848
London's Guildhall
Polish refugees
seriously ill
London's Guildhall
Delfina Potocka
Chaillot
Princess Obreskoff
end of November
Delfina Potocka
Chaillot
Princess Obreskoff
June 1849
June 1849
Place Vendme 12
Ludwika
Ludwika
Jane Stirling
de rigueur
fear of being buried alive
"No longer"
Clésinger
fear of being buried alive
a cast of his left hand
tuberculosis
Jean Cruveilhier
attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved
tuberculosis
Jean Cruveilhier
cystic fibrosis
Polish government
Church of the Madeleine
two weeks
Over 3,000
Church of the Madeleine
two weeks
Over 3,000
Mozart's Requiem
Louis Lefébure-Wély
Prince Adam Czartoryski
Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2
Requiem
Louis Lefébure-Wély
Preludes No. 4
Prince Adam Czartoryski
Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2
Clésinger
Euterpe
5,000 francs
Jane Stirling
alcohol
Clésinger
5,000 francs
Jane Stirling
Ludwika
She
Over 230
the piano
Over 230
chamber music
Clementi
Clementi
Bach and Mozart
Clementi's piano method
John Field
ballades and scherzi
salon genre of the nocturne
ballades and scherzi
concert étude
Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles
seven
seven
the European musical map
faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents
a greater range of melody and expression
concert
dance forms
seven
salon
Revolutionary tude
Revolutionary tude
Sonata No. 2
the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number
Revolutionary tude
Minute Waltz
65
Julian Fontana
23
17
65
Julian Fontana
1855
Krystyna Kobylaska
1857
alternative catalogue designations
Krystyna Kobylaska
KK
Krystyna Kobylaska
Breitkopf & Hrtel
Jan Ekier
original publishers
popular 19th-century piano anthologies
Paderewski
Jan Ekier
Improvisation
a structural unit
Improvisation
Nicholas Temperley
his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit
the Barcarolle Op. 60
four ballades and four scherzos
an extended "departure and return" form
folk features
episodic
mazurkas
drone basses
a canon at one beat's distance
triple time
Elsner
martial
formidable
21
agitated expression
those of Field
1833
performer
piano playing
ternary
ternary
The Well-Tempered Clavier
Kenneth Hamilton
The preludes
move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality
generic preludes
Ferruccio Busoni
four
Kornel Michaowski and Jim Samson
four
the hands play in unmodified octave unison throughout
Op. 58
Claude Debussy
harmonic innovations
Temperley
his use of very independent finger technique
Léon Escudier
refused to conform to a standard method of playing
Karol Szymanowski
use of national modes and idioms
Nikolai Zverev
Karol Szymanowski
Alexander Scriabin
Nikolai Zverev
Jonathan Bellman
rigid procedures
expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring
"concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art."
Berlioz
Hiller
rubato
the practice in performance of disregarding strict time
rubato
rubato
adherence
Friederike Mller
rhythm
a new sense of nationalism
1836
his native Poland
failure of the November 1830 rising
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
polonaises
Schumann
flowers
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Barbara Milewski
Poland's Micha Kleofas Ogiski and Franciszek Lessel
Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann
conscious patriotic design
freedom
Europe and the New World
Byronic flamboyance
Liszt and Henri Herz
virtually everything
Arthur Hutchings
Carnaval
Ballade No. 2
six
Alkan
qualities as a pianist and composer
Carnaval
Ballade No. 2
Alkan
Debussy
Jacques Durand
Raoul Koczalski
Chopin's
Some Mainland Chinese scholars
horse trade
1260–1294
Deshin Shekpa
Karma Kagyu
Nepal
armed resistance
Mongols
Ganden Phodrang
1578
9th century
Yarlung rulers of Tibet
the borders
Tibetan Empire
821
907–960
960–1279
Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty
Khitan
Jurchen
Tibetan
gedei Khan
1229–1241
gedei Khan
Genghis Khan
Sakya Pandita
Tregene Khatun
1241–1246
thirteen
Khagan
gedei Khan
Karma Pakshi
Phagpa lama
1279
1368
Yuan
universal rule
China
1358
the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
the Mongols
Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Zhu Yuanzhang
Tibet
Phagmodru
1368–1398
Yuan officeholders
Rolpe Dorje
Rolpe Dorje
Buddhist texts
disciples
the early Ming government
1402–1424
Morris Rossabi
1644–1912
1739
"-L-S Army-Civilian Marshal Office"
seventeen
western Tibet
three Princes of Dharma () and five Princes
Phagmodru ruler Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Turrell V. Wylie
Morris Rossabi
Morris Rossabi
Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state
lamas
1371
princes
imperial edicts to invite ex-Yuan officials to the court for official positions in the early years of its founding, won submission from ex-Yuan religious and administrative leaders in the Tibetan
Thomas Laird
the British
the People's Republic of China
"A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368
"the line of Mongol rulers in China"
a non-Chinese polity
Rossabi
1271 to 1368
1311–1320
licensed border market
the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy
Mongol Yuan
General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office
Ming dynasty's -Tsang Commanding Office
Beijing
Chen Qingying
1,000
10,000
John Powers
ruling lamas
subordinates
Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan
the Han government's conferral of Chinese seals and seal cords to them
"Education Minister"
Degsi
Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Wang and Nyima
Tai Situpa
Changchub Gyaltsen
Van Praag
University of Washington
the old Tibetan Kingdom
Sagya Gyaincain
Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen
Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen
the Ming officer of Hezhou
Ming court
Phagmodrupa
1434
1642
hegemonies
Karmapa Kargyu
Mongol
Je Tsongkhapa
Ming Yongle Emperor
Chen Qingying
1407
1413
Chosrje Shkya Yeshes
1414
Dawa Norbu
eastern Tibetan princes
army
Tibet
Yang Sanbao
Tibet
1413
gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes
to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet
missions to the Ming court
1430s
Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu
various lamas
the Phagmodru myriarchy
Melvyn C. Goldstein
1435–1565
Melvyn C. Goldstein
1565–1642
1398
Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao
the Hongwu Emperor
March 10, 1403
Zhi Guang
to seek out the Karmapa
1407
Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan
1403
Nanjing
Karma Thinley
Kublai
Yongle Emperor
Linggu Temple
Nanjing
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects
Yongle Emperor
religious
send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools
forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools
Deshin Shekpa
Jianwen Emperor
Deshin Shekpa
Deshin Shekpa's miracles
Chinese Communist historians
Buddhist artifacts
Josef Kolma
1435–1449
The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC
Zhengtong Emperor
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court
Karmapa hierarchs
1446
1415
Karma Kagyu
to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt
tea, horses, and salt
Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan
to secure urgently needed horses
Tibetans were "undertaking domestic affairs, not foreign diplomacy"
undertaking domestic affairs, not foreign diplomacy
Ming
a mandatory "corvée" tax
Tibet
Altan Khan
Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony
Ming dynasty
Altan Khan
14th century
November 1378
30,000
200,000
Ming general Qu Neng
recovery of the Ordos region
Mongols
Ming China
"was designed to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes."
divide-and-rule
after the Sakya regime had fallen
the fifth Karmapa
Tibetan lamas
Phagmodrupa
1498
New Years ceremonies and prayers
1518
1505
lamas
Miky Dorje
Chinese writers of the early 20th century
China's intervening Ming dynasty
13th century
18th century
Qing
Chinese central government
Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans
the Republic of China and its Communist successors
San Francisco
the Mongols
patron and priest
13th century
Ming dynasty
2008
Ming
central government of China
1521–1567
Chinese ideology of Daoism
Tibetan lamas
Yang Tinghe
Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe
Evelyn S. Rawski
Neo-Confucian
Portuguese embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade
Tibetan Buddhism and lamas
Jiajing
Kokonor region
Ming Chinese
Ming
1571
Snam Gyatso
shamanism and blood sacrifice
Mongol princes and subjects
Gelug Buddhism
Dalai Lama
the unique fusion of religious and political power
Tmen Khan
Altan Khan
5th Dalai Lama
1642
Altan Khan
Altan Khan
Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng
Mongolia working with Altan Khan's son to further the spread of Buddhism
pay tribute
pay tribute
Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama
fifth Dalai Lama
fifth Panchen Lama
Master of Vajradhara
one Soinam Lozui
1616
Yonten Gyatso
his predecessor he died before being able to make the journey
Mongol
old vassal of Tibet
1642
Ming court
1565
Karma Phuntsok Namgyal
1611–1621
Karmapa
The fourth Dalai Lama
Mongol prince Gshi Khan
protector
the Gelugpas' enemies in the Amdo and Kham regions
Amdo
1642
Lozang Gyatso
Tibet
Dalai Lama
Sonam Chpel
Gshi Khan
Li Zicheng
Dalai Lama
Shunzhi
Dzungar Mongols
Kangxi Emperor
1720
1751
1735–1796
Apple Inc
October 23, 2001
three
multi-purpose pocket computers
portable media players
2001
Apple Inc
three
iTunes
2015
external data storage devices
2 GB
2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB
iPod Touch
iPod Classic
2 GB
128 GB
iTunes software
Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows
iTunes software
a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch
iPod
iPod Touch
2010
"Music" and "Videos"
A8
sixth
The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen
2015
A8
5 different colors
2001
2004
Sir Jonathan Ive
Braun T3 transistor radio
5 GB hard drive
2001
5 GB
"big and clunky or small and useless"
Jon Rubinstein
Jobs
Pixo
Espy Sans
2007
Helvetica
Steve Jobs
rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system
rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system
2006
Irish
black
an exclusive video
Irish rock band U2
black
2006
Burst.com
Kane Kramer
UK
1981
IXI
Burst.com
IXI
Kane Kramer
Vinnie Chieco
freelance copywriter
A Space Odyssey
Vinnie Chieco
2005
A Space Odyssey
Vinnie Chieco
Joseph N. Grasso of New Jersey
mid-2015
Pierre Dandumont
12.2
12.2
Pierre Dandumont
weak bass response
high-impedance
an external headphone amplifier
low-frequency bass
high-pass filter
bass
R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit
2006
R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
hearing loss
EU
fifth-generation iPod
France
100 dB
France
FireWire
FireWire connection to the host computer
a FireWire connection
third
a 30-pin dock connector
fifth-generation
fourth-generation
a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector
third
fourth-generation iPod Shuffle
FireWire
USB cables
the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi
Belkin and Griffin
the iPod's own screen
a proprietary interface
Belkin and Griffin
iPod Hi-Fi
8-pin dock connector
a new 8-pin dock connector
both sides of the plug
pins on both sides of the plug
both sides of the plug
Lightning
fifth
the iPod Hi-Fi
Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and sendStation
Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and sendStation
audio/visual cables
Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and sendStation
Apple
BMW
2005
Scion
BMW
Scion
JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon
FM transmitters
audio input jacks
personal FM transmitters
input jacks
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
individual seat-back displays
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
2007
Apple Lossless
iPod photo
WMA
Digital Rights Management
Mac OS
MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless
iPod photo
one
anything added or edited
entire music libraries or music playlists
five
the second and third generations of the iPod Touch
the actual player
uncluttered, minimalist
the iPhone
five
The 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle
iOS
October 12, 2005
online media store
October 12, 2005
October 12, 2005
2003
2006
September 12, 2006
AAC
Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods
iTunes Plus
January 6, 2009
April 2009
AAC
FairPlay DRM system
iTunes Plus
2009
eMusic or Amie Street
iPod
DRM
Universal Music Group
iTunes Store
2007
Media Event
September 5, 2007
2007
the user's iTunes Library
various versions of iPods
an easter egg hidden feature
Steve Wozniak
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz
Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak)
Brick
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz
2006
iTunes 7
6th and 5th
5th and 4th
2006
fifth
Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft
video game handheld console market
GamePro and EGM
.zip archives
.zip archives
software development kit
iOS
.ipg
iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone
Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development
third-party
third-party
iPods
DRM protected media
7
hidden
host
by copying the files or folders
2005
patent infringement
Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company
Ho Keung Tse
Advanced Audio Devices
Apple's FairPlay
rotational user inputs
August 2005
United States International Trade Commission
rotational user inputs
United States International Trade Commission
rotational user inputs
Creative Technology
August 24, 2006
US$100 million
Made for iPod program
US$100 million
Made for iPod program
over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players
October 2004
72.7%
Bloomberg online
90%
over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players
74%
July 2005
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard
5%
unfavorable
Hewlett-Packard
one-hundred millionth
32%
Mac computers
second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion
2007
32%
US$3.5 billion
US$6.22 billion
US$3.5 billion
US$15.4 billion
26%
January 22, 2008
US$1.58 billion
42%
42%
Peter Oppenheimer
2009
14.21%
14.21%
2013
fourth best
favorable
Sony Ericsson and Nokia
AAC
PC World
Sony Ericsson and Nokia
PC World
Scotland
to train new staff
Royal and Western Infirmaries
Glasgow, Scotland
Duke University
Duke University
Duke University
Entertainment Weekly
Album Era
music
digital music storage
Album Era
14 hours
MP3.com
2003
lawsuits
up to 14 hours of music playback
third-party vendors
a refurbished replacement iPod
third-party
worn-out batteries
third-party
battery replacement program
US$99
soldering tools
Fifth
2003
US$99
iPod Nano
first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk
an Apple product replacement program
alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives
MacInTouch
usually above 20%
late 2005
protective sleeves
models
screen unusable
The Mail
the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts
25%
The Mail
35%
Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group
Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group
Verité
Longhua
Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group
Verité
2006
2009
an Apple prototype went missing, and claimed in messages to friends, that he had been beaten and interrogated
2010
innovation
HFS+
HFS+
action-adventure
GameCube and Wii home video game
November 2006
November 2005
Nintendo
2005
2006
The Wind Waker
Hyrule
Midna
Link
Midna
The Wind Waker
Game of the Year
Nintendo Selects
March 2016
Twilight Princess
several
2006
2016
combat, exploration, and item collection
Ocarina of Time
L-targeting, projectile-based weapons
a bow and arrows
Clawshot
action-adventure
Ocarina of Time
a sword and shield
L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming
one button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects
if any, the button will trigger, determined by the situation
an object or enemy
context-sensitive button
on-screen
the sounds of a bowstring when shooting an arrow
"chime"
the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote
Wii Remote
two
motion sensors
an arrow
nine
a boss at the end
teleporting
teleporting
puzzles
boss
a large overworld
wolf
the Twilight Realm
enemy ghosts named Poes
the player can see and listen to the wandering spirits of those affected by the Twilight
he does as a human (though riding Epona is still faster)
wolf
a small imp-like creature who gives him hints
enemy ghosts
artificial intelligence
The Wind Waker
react
artificial intelligence
Link
nods and facial expressions
Akiko Kmoto
Akiko Kmoto
Japanese
grunts
by nods and facial expressions
Midna
her on-screen dialog
working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village
a wall of Twilight
A Shadow Beast
Light Spirits
Ordon Village
Bulblins
Tears of Light
Fused Shadows
Zant
Master Sword
Zant
Lanayru
Fused Shadows
Zant
Master Sword
Zelda
Shadow Crystal
Shadow Crystal
Ganondorf
within the Gerudo Desert
Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce
Shadow Crystal
Gerudo Desert
Midna
Ganondorf
the Triforce
Mirror of Twilight
Ordon Village heading to parts unknown
Zelda and the Light Spirits
the Master Sword
Ganondorf
Link and Zelda outside the castle
Midna's helmet
Mirror of Twilight
Ocarina of Time
Game Developers Conference
a young audience
horseback combat
2003
Eiji Aonuma
horseback combat
four months
Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004
Nintendo DS
Nintendo DS
19ectronic Entertainment Expo 2004
a wolf
The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance
Revolution
Aonuma
Takano
Wii Remote
pointing-based
2005
Aonuma
2005
GameCube
Nintendo DS game cards
Twilight Princess
E3 2005
a swinging gesture
British publication NGC Magazine
Wii controller
2006
a month
NGC Magazine
E3 2006
making the system intuitive and easy to use
sword
E3 attendees
right-handed
Wii controls under the mindset of "forcing" users to adapt
Kondo
Minegishi
Yasuzo Takemoto
Kondo
Michiru shima
Yasuzo Takemoto
live
Both six- and seven-track versions
November 19, 2006
Nintendo Power
Media
November 19, 2006
Nintendo Power promotion
an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console
Executable and Linkable Format
version 4.0
Twilight Hack
3.3 and 3.4
4.0
Tantalus Media
Nintendo Direct
November 12, 2015
March 5, 2016
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD
Tantalus Media
Amiibo
March 4, 2016
Wolf Link Amiibo figurine
Zelda and Sheik
Zelda and Sheik
Ganondorf
Wii U-exclusive dungeon
a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine
Wii U-exclusive dungeon
Link and Toon
Zelda and Sheik
the United States
20
Japan, Europe, and Australia
A CD containing 20 musical selections
perfect scores
GameRankings and Metacritic
GameTrailers
universal critical acclaim and commercial success
perfect scores
95% and 95
GameTrailers
IGN and GameSpy
Jeff Gerstmann
Wii
GameCube
GameCube
IGN and GameSpy
Gaming Nexus
Computer and Video Games
GameCube
100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time
4th-best
third-best
IGN and Nintendo Power
Best Console Game
16th
4th-best
PAL region
5.82 million
1.32 million
PAL region
5.82 million
1.32 million
Akira Himekawa
Japan
Akira Himekawa
publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne
Eon Productions
Christoph Waltz
James Bond
James Bond
$245 million
twenty-fourth
James Bond film
fourth
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures
Sam Mendes
Spectre
Eon Productions
James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny
Dave Bautista
Lucia Sciarra
M, Q and Eve Moneypenny
Léa Seydoux
Dave Bautista
1971
6 November 2015
the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall
6 November 2015
action sequences and cinematography
Academy Award
Spectre
"Writing's on the Wall"
Day of the Dead
M, who is indefinitely suspended from field duty by M, who is indefinitely suspended from field duty by M, who is indefinitely suspended from field duty by M, who is indefinitely suspended from field duty
C, the head of the privately-backed Joint Intelligence Service
Joint Intelligence Service
Garreth Mallory
Day of the Dead
MI5 and MI6
an assassin who survived the attack
Sciarra's widow Lucia
Spectre
Franz Oberhauser
Spectre assassin
Franz Oberhauser
Rome
Franz Oberhauser
Mr. Hinx
Oberhauser
thallium poisoning
Dr. Madeline Swann
commits suicide
L'Américain
Tangier
thallium poisoning
his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann
Tangier
Bond
Bond and Swann
Bond is tortured as Oberhauser discusses their shared history
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
the old MI6 building
M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny
by M. Bond leaves the bridge with Swann
Blofeld
Q succeeds
M and C ends with the latter
SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion
Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory
1963
never Say never Again
Warhead 2000 A.D.
1963
Warhead 2000 A.D.
SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion
the McClory estate
SPECTRE acronym
Eon Productions
2013
MGM
discarded and the organisation reimagined as "Spectre"
Danjaq
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Eon Productions
John Logan
Eon Productions
November 2014
John Logan
Eon Productions
Christoph Waltz
1983
Neal Purvis and Robert Wade
Quantum of Solace
Octopussy
Charmian Bond
Octopussy
Christoph Waltz
Quantum of Solace
Spectre
For Your Eyes Only
Kingsley Amis
The Hildebrand Rarity
For Your Eyes Only
Kingsley Amis
"Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques"
December 2014
Ben Whishaw
Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw
Rory Kinnear
Rory Kinnear
fourth
Rory Kinnear
Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw
Franz Oberhauser
Christoph Waltz
Léa Seydoux
Quantum of Solace
fifty
Bérénice Lim Marlohe
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
fifteen hundred
Alessandro Cremona
Stephanie Sigman
February 2015
Mexico
Austria
Alessandro Cremona
Estrella
John Glen
Dennis Gassner
Roger Deakins
The living Daylights and Licence to Kill
Craig
Spectre numbered over one thousand, making it a larger production than Skyfall
John Glen
sixth
London, Mexico City and Rome
Kodak 35 mm film stock
Pinewood Studios
seven months
Kodak 35 mm film stock
Kodak 35 mm film stock
December 2014
December 2014
Ice Q Restaurant
knee whilst shooting a fight scene
Ice Q Restaurant
Austrian Alps
Rettenbach
Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75
Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75
Jaguar
four independent electric engines
Blenheim Palace
Ponte Sisto bridge
Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75
Williams
Jaguar
Mexico City
Day of the Dead
Zcalo and the Centro Histrico district
1,500
around the Zcalo and the Centro Histrico district
Day of the Dead
Messerschmitt-Blkow-Blohm Bo 105
in and around the Zcalo and the Centro Histrico district
New York
22 April
New York
Westminster and Lambeth Bridges
The London Fire Brigade
Thames
Vauxhall Cross
Lambeth Bridges
The London Fire Brigade
Covent Garden
Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge
Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud
Guinness World Record
production designer Chris Corbould
128 days
Morocco
"Largest film stunt explosion"
128
Chris Corbould
$20 million
Michael G. Wilson
Mexico City
Istanbul
Thomas Newman
23 October 2015
the Decca Records
Thomas Newman
Decca Records
during filming
July 2015
" writing's on the Wall"
one
demo
Jimmy Napes
25 September 2015
"Skyfall"
Shirley Bassey
The English band Radiohead
Adele
Shirley Bassey
Radiohead
Aston Martin and Eon
Only eight of those 10
Williams F1
promotional work
10
007
clapperboards
the film, production continued the trend established during Skyfall's production of releasing still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts
Eon's official
video blogs
a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One
BBC One
March 2015
March 2015
a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One
David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers
Royal Albert Hall
26 October 2015
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
Skyfall
$879.3 million
$199.8 million
$879.3 million
£41.7 million
The Dark Knight
Avatar
£6.3 million
The Dark Knight
Avatar
The Dark Knight
France
4%
Spider-Man 3
$8.2 million
Spider-Man 3
Minions
374 screens
$17.1 million
$70–75 million
IMAX
374
6 November 2015
12 November
198%
$84.7 million
$15 million
Hollywood
$84.7 million
60 out of 100
60 out of 100
64%
an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale
64%
60 out of 100
Robbie Collin
IGN's Chris Tilly
7.2 score
four out of five
Scott Mendelson
Mick LaSalle
comes off as exhausted and uninspired
San Francisco Chronicle
Christopher Orr
"Bored, James Bored."
The Washington Post
"Bored, James Bored."
Indian Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC)
Léa Seydoux
Craig
spring 2016
spring 2016
2008
the Great Sichuan earthquake
69,197
2008
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
02:28:01 PM China Standard Time
02:28:01 PM China Standard Time
69,197
Beijing and Shanghai
19 km
even months
Wenchuan earthquake
Wenchuan County, Sichuan
1,700 km (1,060 mi)
19 km
69,197
68,636
4.8 million
Approximately 15 million
$146.5 billion
68,636
374,176
18,222
4.8 million
11 million
Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
2 minutes
80%
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
14:28:01.42 China Standard Time
80%
Longmenshan fault
border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate
120 sec
10 km
Longmenshan
Yingxiu-Beichuan
80 sec
9 meters
April 30, 2008
1972
a confidential written report
the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan
10 days before or after
correlation
reports predicting the earthquake
20 km
Tom Parsons
9 meters
240 km
20 km
northeastern and southwestern ends
high risk
6,000
the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan
Longmenshan Fault
shallowness of the epicenter
30 times
losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China
Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks
within 72 hours of the main quake
August 5, 2008
Between 64 and 104
42,719
6.4 MS
246
August 5, 2008
August 30, 2008
southern Sichuan
caused by a different fault
Panzhihua earthquake
southern Sichuan
Ms 6.1 earthquake
The Ms 6.1 earthquake
CEA
XI, "very disastrous"
CSIS
using the Modified Mercalli intensity scale (CC)
Wenchuan
the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau
3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical
19 mi
2.5 metres
2.3 metres
eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau
Longmen Shan Fault System
3.5 metres
3.5 metres
4.8 metres
Shanghai's financial district
"calm"
about 10 minutes
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
May 12
evacuated
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
disruption in air traffic services
relief operations
Chengdu
the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics
Hui County, Gansu
caught on fire after the rail was distorted
cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas
office towers
None
Hui County, Gansu
the rail was distorted
All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province
80%
Shifang
60
All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province
delayed arrival
80%
80 tons
fewer than 60
southwestern China
Copper
oil prices
suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China
southwestern China
Copper
Shenzhen Stock Exchange
mobile and terrestrial
internet capabilities
over the next number of months
mobile and terrestrial telecommunications
Sichuan area
government piece
major news and media
major news and media websites
2,300
700
2,300
traffic congestion
Half
China Unicom
700
Wolong National Nature Reserve
280
31
two
breeding
Six
Five
The missing panda was later found dead under the rubble of an enclosure
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
20 km
2,000
391
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
20 km
less severe than initially feared
danger
391
69,180
68,636
18,498
374,176
158
69,180
69,180
18,498
374,176
repair roads
2,300
Wenchuan County
about 9,000
3,000 to 5,000
10,000
2,300
about 9,000
3,000 to 5,000
10,000
Eight
Health care
Gao Qiang
the "public health care system in China is insufficient."
the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise
Sichuan
the "public health care system in China is insufficient."
medical treatment
thousands
seven
at least 1,700
At least 7,000
700
shoddy construction
seven
at least 1,700
At least 7,000
At least 600
December 2008
May 7, 2009
5,335
546
May 7, 2009
Ai Weiwei
546
546
fertility clinics
at least 5 million
at least 5 million
12.5 million
a million pigs died out of 60 million total
at least 5 million
at least 5 million
12.5 million animals, mainly birds
a million pigs died out of 60 million total
Reginald DesRoches
civil and environmental engineering
after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake
Reginald DesRoches
an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings
make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings
a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake
reconnaissance
a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings
why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake
poorer, rural villages
Swaminathan Krishnan
rural part
they were not designed, so to speak
strong
regulations overseeing them
US$75 billion
minor damage from the quake
US$75 billion
earthquake
five largest cities in Sichuan suffering only minor damage from the quake
420,000
6.0 Mw (6.4 Ms according to CEA)
63
1,000
63
blocking roads in the area including a national highway
Wei Hong
200,000
1.94 million
1,300
Wei Hong
more than 90,000
200,000
685,000
1.94 million
Premier Wen Jiabao
geomechanics
rescue work
50,000
90 minutes
ten
50,000
close proximity of the quake's epicenter
"Level II emergency contingency plan"
most serious class of natural disasters
22:15 CST
Level I at 22:15 CST
serious class of natural disasters
Level I
National Disaster Relief Commission
184
12
An earthquake emergency relief team
22
earthquake emergency relief team
184
150
Armed Police General Hospital
two military transport planes
a close analysis
Book Blade
China Digital Times
Book Blade
Children's Day
relief centres
acknowledging the earthquake
the rubble of schools
June 1, 2008
relief centres
$48.6 million
10 million yuan
more than $48.6 million
10 million yuan
$457 million
19
four
Saudi Arabia
€40,000,000
$457 million
Saudi Arabia
four
a counterpart support plan
3 years
a counterpart support plan
"one province to one affected county"
3 years
no less than one percent
the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake
the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam
"25 times more" than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement
The government
seismically active area
access to seismological and geological data to examine the cause of the quake further
opportunities for researchers to retrofit data
the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake with an accuracy of 1 day
time prediction method
statistics on geomagnetism with tidal gravitational potential
earthquake prediction was a global issue
no proven methods exist
global issue
no prediction notification
'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence
2002
Chinese geologist Chen Xuezhong
Chinese geologist Chen Xuezhong
2002
seismically active area
30 years
30 years
no consensus
earthquakes
Earthquake prediction
Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan
over 300
traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter
donating cash instead of other items
it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter
Tibetan village of Sier at a height of 4000 m above sea level in Pingwu county
Persistent heavy rain and landslides
20
15,600 troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region
around 3,000
15 Special Operations Troops
Persistent heavy rain and landslides in Wenchuan County and the nearby area badly affected rescue efforts
20
over 15,600 troops
3,000
9,000
deployment of an additional 90 helicopters
60
30
number of aircraft deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation to over 150
the total of number of aircraft deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation to over 150
60
civil aviation industry
relief operations
Tzu Chi Foundation
Taiwan
May 13
Tzu Chi
international help to cope with the quake
cope with the quake
China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
20:30 CST
15:00 CST on May 16
by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST
Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16
some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities
Chinese authorities
135,000
May 16
some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities
tents and generators
135,000
The Internet
an online rescue request center
to find the blind spots of disaster recovery
epicenter area in Wenchuan
The Internet
Xinhua
a student
contact information for victims and evacuees
May 31, a rescue helicopter carrying earthquake survivors and crew members crashed in fog and turbulence in Wenchuan county
a state earthquake relic museum
sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat
three days
remind people of the terrible disaster
state earthquake relic museum
concerts
terrible disaster
blood
China Unicom and China Mobile
all over mainland China
Xinhua
schools, at banks, and around gas stations
text messaging
$772 million
557
2,500
788,000 yuan (US$113,000) to Wenchuan County
Wenchuan County
30,000
The Red Cross Society of China
US$143,000
30,000
left homeless
Amity Foundation
over 7,000
tofu-dregs schoolhouses
many families lost their only child
over 7,000
tofu-dregs schoolhouses
legal replacements
a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love
Bai Yansong
1.5 billion
$1.57 million
Promise
The Giving of Love
1.5 billion Chinese Yuan
CCTV
$1.57 million
Promise
This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards
foreign aid
This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards
Los Angeles Times
Sichuan earthquake
quake lakes
34
28
7.9
large landslides
quake lakes
34
Entire villages
Mount Tangjia
by foot or air
Five tons of fuel
more than 200,000
anticipation of the dam bursting
Mount Tangjia
Beichuan County, Sichuan
1,200
The State Council
national mourning
Mao Zedong
14:28 CST
Cars and trucks on Beijing's roads
three-day period
The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay
Ningbo
The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay
Ningbo
mourning period
city of Ruijin, Jiangxi
black and white
all advertisements
altogether
burst out cheering various slogans
Casinos
Ye Zhiping
proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils
2,323
more than 400,000 yuan (US$60,000)
Sangzao Middle School
Sangzao
An County
three
safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake
safety checks
Chinese prosecutors
professional crime
schools across China
Reuters
forbade them from holding protests
riot police officers
government officials in Beijing and Sichuan
sign a document
money
threatened
school collapses
Liu Shaokun
he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion
a Sichuan school teacher
suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion
put them online
tofu-dregs buildings
the shoddy tofu-dregs buildings
1989
2007
massive casualties
China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families
condolences and assistance
May 14, UNICEF
UNICEF
to respond to the needs of affected families
$26 million
$26 million
10.7 billion yuan
Chinese public
Yao Ming
$26 million
"swift and very efficient"
openness
earthquake
10 days
International Federation of the Red Cross
live earthquake footage
CCTV-1
Channel V
the Chinese government
school construction
response to the quake
cutting corners
any reports
poorly built schools
The state-controlled media
propaganda bureau
The state-controlled media
because builders cut corners by replacing steel rods with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement
thin iron wires
the supervising agencies
corrupt government officials
many families who lost their only child
arrest
the Times
their only child
New York City
New York City
New York City
New York City
New York City
New York City
five
1898
8,491,079
305 square miles
23.6 million
five
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island
1898
8,491,079
As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world
New Amsterdam
New York City
1790
1664
1785
1624
1626
1664
1790
56 million
469
Financial District of Lower Manhattan
120
New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ
Staten Island
Wisconsinan glaciation
the ice sheet
Lenapehoking
1524
Nouvelle Angoulme
La Dauphine
French
Nouvelle Angoulme
1524
Nouvelle Angoulme
Florentine
1525
Estvo Gomes
Spanish
Hudson River
Rio de San Antonio
Rio de San Antonio
Padrn Real
Henry Hudson
the Northwest Passage to the Orient
1614
ten
Mauritis River
Dutch East India Company
1614
Henry Hudson
Santo Domingo of Portuguese
Jan Rodrigues
transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues
218th Street
winter of 1613–1614
Juan Rodriguez
218th Street
Governors Island
Manhattan Island
1625
Peter Minuit
1626
1624
1625
$24 worth of glass beads
the fledgling city "New York"
King James II
Peter Stuyvesant
the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland
1664
Peter Stuyvesant
King William III
August 24, 1673
New Orange
1674
Anthonio Colve
England
King William III
Second Anglo-Dutch War
200
Run
200
Second Anglo-Dutch War
42%
Charleston
Foley Square
a new federal courthouse near Foley Square
Charleston
1990s
1735
Manhattan
1754
King George II
King George II
John Peter Zenger
1754
New York
Battle of Long Island
modern-day borough of Brooklyn
August 1776
10,000
1776
Battle of Long Island
Brooklyn
1783
September 11, 1776
Lord Howe
the Great Fire of New York
West Side of Lower Manhattan
Trinity Church
Lord Howe
the Great Fire of New York
1785
George Washington
Federal Hall on Wall Street
Wall Street
Philadelphia
Congress of the Confederation
United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States
1789
1790
1827
Revolutionary War and escaped slaves
Alexander Hamilton
1827
16,000
1799
1827
Commissioners' Plan
1825
Tammany Hall
Irish
1825
Central Park
1857
landscaped park
The Great Irish Famine
200,000
a quarter
25%
revolutions had disrupted societies
The Great Irish Famine
Over 200,000
Fernando Wood
hire a substitute
Irish working class
120
below 10,000
Colored Orphan Asylum
1898
1904
the Bronx
1904
1904
1,021
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
1,021
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
36,620
The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life
36,620
New York
the first megacity in human history
Fiorello La Guardia
eighty years
megacity
1952
Paris
abstract
United Nations Headquarters
Stonewall Inn
Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan
June 28, 1969
Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan
Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan
Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan
2000 Census
2010
Silicon Alley
mid 1990s
1970s
1970s
American Airlines Flight 11
United Airlines Flight 175
343
July 19, 1909
9/11
1909
19
Hudson Terminal
September 17, 2011
Zuccotti Park
Zuccotti Park
Financial District
September 17, 2011
William F. Buckley, Jr.
1955
Donald Trump
Republican
Northeastern
southeastern
Boston
Atlantic Ocean
Hudson River
Hudson River
Atlantic Ocean
Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island
New Jersey
The Harlem River
The Bronx River
New York Bay
Troy
New Jersey
The Bronx River
The Bronx River
Battery Park City
468.9 square miles
468.9 square miles
304.8 sq mi
Todt Hill
Todt Hill
468.9 square miles
468.9 square miles
468.9 square miles
Todt Hill
409.8
Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House
Brooklyn
Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House
Ground Zero
1656
skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan
5,937
New York City
550
1913
5,937
Hong Kong
550
1931
Art Deco
61st floor
Seagram Building
AIA New York State
eagles
1931
1930
Bronx
Brooklyn
Queens
1930
Victorian
elegant brownstone rowhouses
the Great Fire of 1835
six
Jackson Heights
Stone and brick
municipal water pipes
July 2014
four
five
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx
humid subtropical
234
2,535
a humid continental climate
January
humid subtropical
234
USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone
Atlantic and the partial shielding
32.6 °F
72%
32 °C
February 9, 1934
106 °F (41 °C)
February 9, 1934
1934
49.9 inches
25.8 inches
October 29, 2012
49.9
Hurricane Sandy
25.8
New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
New York State Office of Parks
National Park Service
New York City
New York City
Minneapolis
over 26,000 acres (10,521.83 ha)
over 9,000 acres
Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden
Jacob Riis Park
salt marsh, islands
over 26,000 acres
National Park Service
Grant's Tomb
Greenwich Village
modern gay rights movement
National Park Service
New York
New Jersey
the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village
Grant's Tomb
seven
28
21
seven
69 feet
28,000
14
Pelham Bay Park
2,700 acres
over 28,000 acres
14 miles
Pelham Bay Park
2,700
Fort Hamilton
1825
Brooklyn
North Atlantic Division
1179th Transportation Brigade
Fort Hamilton
1825
New York City Recruiting Battalion
Queens
8,491,079
Los Angeles
more
40%
similar percentage
8,491,079
Los Angeles
40%
27,673/km2
71,672
New York County
12.7%
12.7%
Asians
28.6%
3
33.3%
Civil War
Asians
0.7%
12 million
Lower East Side
Germans
92%
the Irish, Jews, and Italians
12 million
92%
Approximately 37%
Tobago
74,000
Trinidad and Tobago
Approximately 37%
Queens
Manhattan
6.3%
Queens
0.3%
2.7 million
550,000
201,000
60,000
New York City
larger than the non-Hispanic white population of any American city
20 million
1.5 million
50%
4.8 million
at least 6
1.3 million
Tobago
Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria
El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala
Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil
568,903
June 24, 2011
30
568,903
June 24, 2011
30
59%
59%
1.1 million
Christianity
Islam
Christianity
Christianity
Brooklyn
24%
Christianity
0.5
Manhattan
Michael R. Bloomberg
4.6%
$2,749
$2,749
New York City
Silicon Alley
The Atlantic
2014
2012
one out of ten
FDi Magazine
US$914.8 billion
US$1.1 billion
$1,589
$1,476
six
The Time Warner Center
an American office building
Madison Avenue
180,000
180,000
Omnicom Group
180,000
Madison Avenue
more than 19,000
US$5 billion
Brooklyn
US$234 million
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Chocolate
specialty-food
Godiva
163,400
5
8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion)
US$360,700
22
an average salary of US$360,700
Wall Street
165 Broadway
$40 billion
19%
NYSE Euronext
on Wall Street
Wall Street
over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2)
400 million square feet (46.5 million m2)
over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2)
Manhattan
140 West Street
US$3 billion
300,000
300,000
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
US$2 billion
Roosevelt Island
more than US$30 million
700,000 square feet
Cornell Tech
51 million
54 million
56.4 million
US$61.3 billion
56.4 million
54 million
Love New York
1977
New York State Empire State Development
The song
1977
The song
Greenwich Village
the Macy
Rockefeller Center
Summerstage
Queens
90,000
10%
Anbang Insurance Group
US$1.95 billion
Waldorf Astoria New York
90,000
Anbang Insurance Group
US$1.95 billion
200
130,000
$7.1 billion
New York City
Sony Music Entertainment
New York City
Seven
about 25,000
The New York Times
The Wall Street Journal
1919
Alexander Hamilton
More than 200
350
Two
The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times
1919
CBS
NYCTV
comedy Central
MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central
Manhattan Neighborhood Network
1971
WNET
WNYC
1997
Manhattan Neighborhood Network
1971
WNYC
New York City Department of Education
1.1 million
1,700
nine
1.1 million
nine
The New York City Charter School Center
900
over half million
three out of five
one out of four
over half million
120
The New York Public Library
Queens Borough Public Library
Queens Borough Public Library
Brooklyn Public Library
Manhattan
HHC
11 acute care
$6.7 billion
1.4 million
475,000
1969
five
Bellevue Hospital
Ramanathan Raju
Bellevue Hospital
Bellevue Hospital
Ramanathan Raju
Illinois
Ramanathan Raju
35,000
New York's Finest
New York City Police Department
35,000
New York's Finest
328
75%
Provo, Utah
2007
328
95.9%
the Roach Guards
Five Families
Five Points
Black Spades
Tokyo Fire Department
Tokyo Fire Department
New York's Bravest
The New York City Fire Department
New York City Fire Department
approximately 11,080
3,300
New York's Bravest
subway systems
brush fires
9 MetroTech Center
Randalls Island
9 MetroTech Center
9 MetroTech Center
9 MetroTech Center
Randalls Island
11 Metrotech Center
1940s
1970s
Harlem Renaissance
jazz
abstract
hip hop
New York City
New York fashion Week
New York School
New York fashion Week
Global Language Monitor
1880s
500
42nd Street
George M. Cohan
2,000
electric lighting
11.57 million
The Great White Way
US$1.27 billion
11.4%
11.4%
11.57 million
24,000
4,000
nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
one thousand
1882
MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field
Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field
1882
Major League Soccer
five
forty
Baseball
35
baseball
two
14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in 2000
73
two
14
Subway Series
MetLife Stadium
2014
New York Giants
MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford, New Jersey
Super Bowl XLVIII
2014
New York Islanders and the New York Rangers
Newark
Newark
National Hockey League
National Hockey League
Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks
New York Liberty
1938
New York Liberty
National Invitation Tournament
1938
New York Knicks
National Tennis Center
The Millrose Games
Belmont Stakes
1932 U.S. Open golf tournament and the 1930 and 1939
Madison Square Garden
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park
United States Open Tennis Championships
37,866
Millrose Games
Madison Square Garden
Stickball
Stickball Boulevard
the Bronx
New York City Subway system
469
Grand Central Terminal
1.75 billion
Grand Central Station
38.4
54.6%
22%
54.6%
90%
38.4 minutes
52%
22%
Port Authority Bus Terminal
7,000
200,000
Port Authority Bus Terminal
John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport
John F. Kennedy International Airport
JFK
Newburgh
109 million
The Staten Island Ferry
24
8.4 km
5.2-mile
20 million
The George Washington Bridge
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
suspension bridge
1903
The George Washington Bridge
Bergen County
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
neo-Gothic
1903
Lincoln Tunnel
1927
1940
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
120,000
Hudson River
Manhattan Island
New Jersey
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
over 200,000
10,000
21%
Citibank
Quinnipiac University
Walk Score
Catskill Mountains
Catskill Mountains
US$3.2 billion
estimated 290 million gallons
20%
north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily
51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries
four-year terms
four-year break
51
four-year terms
The New York City Administrative Code
four
Democratic Party
67%
Democrat Barack Obama
1924
President Calvin Coolidge
Democratic Party
67%
1924
five
Democratic Party
43,523
Roosevelt Island
127
225,000
one million
five million
one-fifth
one-fifth
automobile exhaust
phenomenon
Tom Wolfe
National Library of Australia
the diplomatic consulates of Iceland and Latvia
Iceland
Upper West Side of Manhattan
Upper West Side
Union Square
New York University
Central Park SummerStage
Upper East Side of Manhattan
Upper Carnegie Hill
1959
2012
Upper East Side
Brooklynese
All in the Family
Carroll O'Connor
New Yawk
New York City FC
Yankee Stadium
Harrison, New Jersey
Pelé
Hofstra University
two-thirds
20
250
LaGuardia Airport
Pennsylvania Station
West Side of Manhattan
six
PATCO Speedline
The Staten Island Railway rapid transit system
Port Authority Trans-Hudson
Second Avenue Subway
12,000
Manhattan Island
theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations
theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations
theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations
Seventh Avenue
rush hour
southwestern
northern
Long Island
west end
Manhattan
Structural Expressionism
cantilever architecture
3,715
28%
80%
Hearst Tower
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency Supreme Court case
6.5-mile
30 million US gallons (110,000 m3)
spilled oil
mayor-council
1898
Second Department
First Department
the state Unified Court System
Foley Square
District Court for the Eastern District of New York
Foley Square
District Court for the Eastern District of New York
District Court for the Southern District of New York
Manhattan
The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side
83 cents
$11 billion
$11 billion
New York City Global Partners
2006
1960
Pulitzer Prize
Harper Lee
Harper Lee
1960
author's observations of her family and neighbors
United States
Southern Gothic novel
emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice
Southern Gothic
racial epithets
Mary McDonough Murphy
2006
1962
1990
Robert Mulligan
the Bible
Horton Foote
Robert Mulligan
Monroeville, Alabama
February 2016
Go Set a Watchman
Go Set a Watchman
July 14, 2015
February 2016
Truman Capote
1950
reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation
Alabama
1926
Truman Capote
Huntingdon College in Montgomery
University of Alabama
J. B. Lippincott
Go Set a Watchman
Therese von Hohoff Torrey
To Kill a Mockingbird
mental illness
a lawyer on whom Atticus
To Kill a Mockingbird
July 11, 1960
two and a half years
Reader's Digest Condensed Books
the seat of Maycomb County
three years (1933–35)
six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father
older brother, Jem, and their widowed father
the Great Depression in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County
Great Depression
Arthur "Boo" Radley
Mayella Ewell
Tom Robinson
Scout, Jem, and Dill
Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell
colored balcony
colored balcony
the hapless Tom is shot and killed
Jem and Scout
the school Halloween pageant
Tom Robinson
Tom Robinson
Boo Radley
Sheriff Tate
simply fell on his own knife
autobiography
1919
25
editor and publisher
next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City
1960
In Cold Blood
Truman Capote
an old Underwood typewriter Lee's father gave them
apart people
10 years old
Walter Lett
Emmett Till
Civil Rights Movement
Southern prejudices
Emmett Till
education, the justice system, and her own society
Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin
Shadrach
Shadrach
laugh uproariously
her ham costume
Bildungsroman
"Gothic"
Atticus
Miss Maudie
separations of race and class
1955
race relations
white farmers
excessive violence
death for the accused
poor white farmers
seventeen
rabid dog
racial injustice
Calpurnia
Aunt Alexandra
Walter Cunningham
Jane Austen of South Alabama
individual worth
poor
how issues of gender and class
people's motives and behavior
morphine
Atticus
courage
Charles Shields
Charles Shields
human dignity and respect for others
Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus
Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie
Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie
Mrs. Dubose
a feminist in the South
Bob Ewell
Apart from Atticus
Mr. Dolphus Raymond
Lawyers, I suppose
Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them
Songbirds
Finch
Tom Robinson
Uncle Jack
mockingbirds
innocent and harmless
Condensed Books
Book of the Month Club
ten
40
more than 30 million
more than 30 million
40
Scout, Atticus, and Boo
Alice Lee
Scout, Atticus, and Boo
legal profession
integrity
1992
Alabama State Bar
an honorary special membership
1963
21 of the 100
1963
21
1966
immoral
Little Black Sambo
Little Black Sambo
civil rights movement
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Archulus Persons
Capote
Alice
Truman Capote
editor at Lippincott
1961
41st
1962
1964
Pulitzer Prize
1964
2001
25
Richard M. Daley
Richard M. Daley
25
University of Notre Dame
President George W. Bush
November 5, 2007
University of Notre Dame
President George W. Bush
1962
Gregory Peck
Gregory Peck
Oscar
Harper
so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor
grandson
May 2005
Veronique
Christopher Sergel
every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast
Monroeville
townspeople
the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated
Leeds
Regent's Park Open Air Theatre
Duncan Preston
July 14, 2015
1957
20
Tonja Carter
Go Set a Watchman
1957
20
rape and racial inequality
Atticus Finch
narration
the narrative technique of flashback
all Southerners
safety and comfort in the neighborhood
Southern romantic regionalism
fine folks
The South itself, with its traditions and taboos
Tom Robinson
a'mockingbird'
"Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them."
claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat
To Kill a Mockingbird
Granville Hicks
Flannery O'Connor
William Faulkner
Jane Austen
Alabamian Allen Barra
Ajayi
Calpurnia
black students
poor rural "white trash"
the harsh reality of inequality
an act of protest
from it like Scripture
Mockingbird groupies
the Sun harnessed
Solar
solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis
radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed
174,000
Approximately 30%
3.5 to 7.0
174,000
Approximately 30%
150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day
by clouds, oceans and land masses
71%
14 °C
photosynthesis
71%
Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises
condenses
atmospheric phenomena
photosynthesis green
3,850,000
one year
3,000
one year
about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined
approximately 3,000 EJ per year
coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium
the Sun in a direct or indirect way
passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight
they capture
geothermal and tidal
in a direct or indirect way
passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies
passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources
supply side technologies
supply side technologies
increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies
reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies
Frank Shuman
1908
1912
a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer
1912
larger solar power plants
1908
1912
Maadi, Egypt
22,000
1970s
Maadi, Egypt
parabolic troughs
Nile River
the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil
1970s
60 °C
sunlight
60 °C
evacuated tube collectors
unglazed plastic collectors
154 thermal gigawatt (GWth)
Israel and Cyprus
154 thermal gigawatt
China
90%
United States, Canada and Australia
50%
50% (10.1 EJ/yr)
50%
Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies
Thermal mass
any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy
stone, cement and water
absorbing solar energy
climate, daylighting and shading conditions
auxiliary heating and cooling equipment
passive solar ventilation system
passive solar ventilation system
a passive solar ventilation system
by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses
winter
Deciduous trees and plants
1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating
they will interfere with winter solar availability
the Equator facing side
1767
concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container
cooking, drying and pasteurization
box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers
Horace de Saussure
90–150 °C
direct light
114
more
parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors
Solar Total Energy Project
evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water
Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks
perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air
1872
Solar distillation
16th-century Arab alchemists
1872
22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day
large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas
World Health Organization
several hours
a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage
Over two million
consume carbon dioxide
to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity
algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable
2050
2050
Mojave Desert of California
2013
354 MW SEGS CSP installation
Mojave Desert of California
The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India
Charles Fritts
1954
evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source
a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect
Charles Fritts
Dr Bruno Lange
Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin
a conventional power plant
lenses or mirrors and tracking systems
conventional power plant
the parabolic trough
the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower
Megaron House
orientation relative to the Sun
well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range
Socrates' Megaron House
Active solar equipment
Solar light
3
Urban heat islands
asphalt and concrete
increased absorption of the Solar light
fruit walls
power grape presses
optimize the productivity of plants
timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties
employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy
to maximize the collection of solar energy
Europe in the 16th century
16th century
convert solar light to heat
to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad
to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius
Europe
The World Solar Challenge
90.87 kilometres per hour
a biannual solar-powered car race
1987
67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)
90.87 kilometres per hour
South African Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge
1975
1975
Kenichi Horie
the sun21 catamaran
40
Solar Impulse
29 April 1979
29 April 1979
July 1981
21 hops flew from California to North Carolina
36 hours
hydrogen production from protons
Solar chemical processes
artificial photosynthesis
Solzinc
pure zinc
Hydrogen production technologies
photovoltaic or photochemical cells
Solzinc
heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations
Thermal mass systems
water, earth and stone
store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations
thermal storage media
Dover House
paraffin wax and Glauber's salt
64 °C or 147 °F
The "Dover House"
they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems
1.44 terajoules
rechargeable batteries
rechargeable batteries
Net metering programs
by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes
increased installation cost
hydroelectric power generator
water pumped
when demand is high by releasing the water
1973
The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis
Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program
Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE)
NEDO
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
1920s
20% per year
1890s
falling petroleum prices
20%
154 GW
The International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency
glass in building
the materials used in solar water heaters
ISO 9050
ISO 10217
passive solar or active solar
photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating
the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy
559.8 EJ
1,575–49,837 exajoules
The large magnitude of solar energy available
United Nations Development Programme
through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource
mitigating global warming
learning investments
lower than otherwise
because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire
areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation
photovoltaics
during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb
block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells
solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels
they can collect energy directly from their homes this way
insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans
1,575–49,837 EJ per year
the conversion of sunlight into electricity
using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)
CSP
to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam
photoelectric effect
Sunlight
the Greeks and Chinese
toward the south
a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air
the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force
toy market
the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high
increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum
increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum
2060
de-carbonizing the global economy
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
empires and dynasties
Sarazm
1991
1992 to 1997
Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
1991
1992 to 1997
1939
260,000
1,530,000
living conditions, education and industry
clan loyalties
30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition
Emomali Rahmon
persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former Soviet republics
Russian border troops
Dushanbe Airport
Ayni Air Base
conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration
28 Tajik soldiers
2015
November 2010
Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August
the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament
Kokhir Rasulzoda
Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova
November 1994
presidential system
independent press outlets remain restricted
public criticism of the regime
public criticism of the regime is tolerated
local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjk News.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru and journalists are often obstructed from reporting on controversial
Tajikistan
Pamir range
southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley
Central Asia
3,000 meters (9,800 ft)
twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia
the "Land of the Tajiks"
Persian for "place of" or "country"
the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."
650–680
Umayyads
Samanid Empire
Khorasan
650–680
Umayyads
650–680
Samanid Empire
Umayyads
Samanid Empire
Khorasan
Khorasan
650–680
710
Kara-Khanid Khanate
819 to 999
late 19th century's Imperial Era
Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand
gaining access to a supply of cotton
gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan
the Russian Empire or its vassal state
Islamic social movement
anti-Russian the Russians
between 1910 and 1913
over the threat of forced conscription during World War I
the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas
armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence
Bolshevik armies
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
southern region
collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production
Soviet collectivization policy
Moscow
nearly 10,000
Ethnic Russians
grew from less than 1% to 13%
Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels
ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament
accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment
failed to meet many key OSCE commitments
only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people
Central Asia
estimated 8 million
143,100 km2
China
narrow Wakhan Corridor
China
8 million
143,100 km2
Afghanistan
Uzbekistan
500 BCE
Achaemenid Empire
Alexander the Great
Yuezhi tribes
early eighth century
Hephthalite Empire
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
9.6%
aluminium production
Cotton
Tajik Aluminum Company
the government
hydropower potential
Nurek Dam
transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan
less than US$1.25
$2.1 billion US dollars
without substantial and protracted recourse to aid
remittances
some opium poppy
Tajikistani Drug Control Agency
heroin and raw opium
strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams
roads, air, and rail
Iran and Pakistan
Pakistan, and Afghanistan
2012
26
Dushanbe International Airport
Russia
Khorog Airport
7,349,145
70%
35%
7,349,145
Tajikistanis
Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province
linguistically and culturally
Afghanistan and China
Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school
secular
Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon
98%
minority religious groups undermine national unity
minority religious groups undermine national unity
Hizb ut-Tahrir
an overthrow of secular governments
the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities
a charter, a list of 10 or more members
Religious groups who do not have a physical structure
large fines and closure of place of worship
severe shortages of medical supplies
104,272
1%
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
11
12-year system
Khujand State University
17%
humans and their societies in the past and present
social anthropology and cultural anthropology
linguistic anthropology
biological or physical anthropology
United States
1870
1869
1902
1865
empirical foundation
anthropological societies and associations
association
The major theorists
48
13
late 19th and early 20th centuries
gender equality and sexual liberation
cross-cultural comparisons
19th-century racial ideology
cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques
humanities, social, and natural sciences
Anthropology
global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another
Classical Greece and Persia
cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies
structuralist and postmodern theories
1970s and 1990s
questions about the nature and production of knowledge
archaeology and biological anthropology
cohesion
Sociocultural anthropology
social
social structures
no hard-and-fast distinction
Cultural anthropology
sociocultural anthropology
Ethnography
Participant observation
emic
reductionism in cross-cultural comparison
sociocultural
consumption and exchange
kinship
language
kinship is a human universal
Archaeology
patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices
the evidence left behind
similar ways
cultural and material lives of past societies
anthropological problems
interpretation of sociocultural processes
Linguistic
sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis
universality of 'art
the Western categories of 'painting','sculpture', or 'literature'
'artistic', have certain evident 'aesthetic' qualities
1983
culturally specific 'aesthetics
tienne Serres
1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau
1850
National Museum of Natural History (France)
anti-slavery activists
the comparative methods
similarities
similarities between animals, languages, and folkways
the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect
through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild
late 1850s
bring it into the social sciences
the Société de biologie
Société de biologie
Transformisme
a neurosurgeon
Biological anthropology
the speech center
psychology
six
"the science of the nature of man"
the science of the nature of man
comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology
empirical
civilization
British ethnologists
1863
new anthropology
French Société
Waitz
higher educational institutions
major subdivisions
Practical
recreate the final scene
three dozen
ethnographic studies
ethnographic
the early 1990s
ethnographic
cyber
Visual
museums
sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs
ethnographic film
Economic
widest historic, geographic and cultural scope
discipline of economics
Bronislaw Malinowski
exchange
the traditional concerns of anthropology
history and colonialism
Hunter-gatherers
complex revolutionary wars
industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism around the world
Applied Anthropology
change or stability in specific cultural systems through the provision of data, initiation of direct action, and/or the formulation of policy
direct action
practical side of anthropological research
participating
a critical perspective
pondering
increasing
gap
fail
Kinship
anthropology
"descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship"
kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage
marriage
Feminist
male bias
systematic bias
construction of gender across societies
birth
Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter
nutritional status and food security
food security, and dietary health
Nutritional status
human development or traditional western models
Psychological anthropology
ways in which humans' development and enculturation
humans' development and enculturation
shape
understanding of cognition, emotion, motivation
Cognitive
experimental psychology and evolutionary biology
experimental psychology and evolutionary biology
implicit knowledge
Political
the basis of the structure of societies
1960s
complex
Geertz
Cyborg
1993
Society for the Social Studies of Science
Donna Haraway
reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings
Environmental
political ecology
culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues
corporate exploitation and damage of land
the people of Hyde Park
examining historical records
ethnic
its foundation
documents and manuscripts
Practitioners
Urban
Ulf Hannerz
anti-urban by definition
two
different social issues
human–animal studies
Anthrozoology
a number of other disciplines
positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party and the study of their interactions
anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy
Evolutionary
natural science and social science
humans, past and present
scientific
lines
Ethical
mutilation
racism, slavery, and human sacrifice
acculturation
stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields
anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan)
Boas' anthropologist contemporaries
armed forces
intelligence
for communist sympathies
the state
secret
scholarship
The AAA
agreed to or given
US military
US Army's strategy in Afghanistan
Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs"
Iraq
incompatibility of HTS with disciplinary ethics and practice for job seekers
Biological
human universals
into the field
a community in its own setting
genetic
relevant time periods and geographic regions
into relevant cultural traditions based on material
archaeologists and other anthropologists in understanding major trends in the human past
geographers
comparative method
other cultures
time
non-European/non-Western societies
Ulf Hannerz
late 1960s
set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region
a single locale
daily life of ordinary people
scientific laboratories
scientific laboratories
wounded in an attempted assassination
Tvora family and the Duke of Aveiro
The Jesuits
1759
Sebastio de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children
1770
until Joseph I's death in 1779
autocracy
no opposition
crushing opposition
Napoleon
1822
Brazil
United Kingdom of Portugal
20th century
Portugal
the Liberal Revolution of 1820
Porto
1815
change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family
the turn of the 20th century
1884
the Conference of Berlin of 1884
to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa
Beira, Moâmedes, Lobito, Joo Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia
1 February 1908
14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902
Manuel II of Portugal
5 October 1910
Political instability and economic weaknesses
Antnio de Oliveira Salazar
1933
five
These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire
United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
unitary semi-presidential republican
18th highest
France, Spain and Italy
so
to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors
Iberian Peninsula
Battle of Covadonga
722 AD
Reconquista Crist
dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring
King Alfonso III
868 AD
First Count of Portus Cale
Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portuglia
Galicians found themselves struggling to maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture
Kingdom of Portugal
Galician
Spanish
Castilian
daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef
Sebastio José de Carvalho e Melo
Queen consort of Portugal
Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef
King John V of Portugal
earthquakes
marching troops
no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt
The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre
by designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country
Portuguese Republic
Iberian Peninsula
Atlantic Ocean
1,214 km (754 mi)
Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira
Portuguese Republic
Iberian Peninsula
Spain
Atlantic Ocean
The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long
the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples
Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples
1139
Age of Discovery
15th and 16th
Lisbon
1822
1910
Macau
250 million
Portus Cale
Pre-Celts and Celts
Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes
45 BC until 298 AD
Alankerk
27 BC
Gallaecia
Conmbriga and Mirobriga
many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture
16 km
a few months
711
750
Abd-ar-Rahman I
almost two centuries
Emir of their provinces
Christian kingdoms of the north
Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty
1147
Battle of Sagrajas
Muwallad or Muladi
Oman
Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa
Algarve
approximately 800
Len
Ordoo
Asturias with Oviedo
910
1230
1348 and 1349
England
England
NATO
Oporto region
European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery
King Joo I
Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Cape of Good Hope
Brazil
increased
Prime Minister
British
He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India
University of Coimbra
economic and financial
to ensure the wine's quality
upper classes
Sebastio de Melo
imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class
April 1974
bloodless left-wing military coup
social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces
Junta de Salvao Nacional
Portuguese Socialist Party
Mrio Soares
1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985
socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model
1976
accommodate socialist and communist principles
Mediterranean
16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)
16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)
900 metres (3,000 ft)
subtropical
variations between islands exist
Mediterranean
deciduous and coniferous
Tertiary
Pyrenean
Boars
12
a unique type of subtropical rainforest found in few areas of Europe and the world
the fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica)
birds
more than 100
Tagus International Natural Park
habitat loss, pollution and drought
plankton
five
Anbal Cavaco Silva
230
four-year term
thirteen
The Assembly of the Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes
national-, regional- and local-levels
Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes
between 5 and 15%
President of the Republic
five
direct, universal suffrage
the Assembly of the Republic
the Ministers (may also include one or more Deputy Prime Ministers)
define the broad understanding of its policies in a programme
a mandatory period of debate
those countries
a civilian police force who work in urban areas
a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry
the Public Ministry
2001
more than "10 days worth of personal use"
go to a rehab facility
50 percent
308
3,092
18
three
Navy, Army and Air Force
to protect the territorial integrity of the country
7,500
$5.2 billion
21,000
Pandur II APC
Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC
paratroopers, commandos and rangers
10,700
World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War
1961–1974
East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon
the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau
Pedro Passos Coelho
to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation
improve the State's financial situation
20%
1974
through unclear Public–private partnerships
Dirio de Notcias
2007–2009
Banco Portugus de Negcios (BPN) and Banco Privado Portugus (BPP)
bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud
because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva
for fraud and other crimes
the euro
Portuguese Escudo
Banco de Portugal
Lisbon and Porto metropolitan
Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013
1974
PREC
to a system that is  focus on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector
textiles, clothing, footwear and cork
cork
European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
2011
€78 billion
May 2014
15.3
small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units
intensive farming
tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts
crops
Ramirez
Ramirez
capita
copper producers
tin, tungsten and uranium
hydrocarbon exploration
north
low competitiveness
Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen
Embraer and OGMA
Palmela
Alverca, Covilh, vora, and Ponte de Sor
Alverca, Covilh, vora, and Ponte de Sor
increase significantly
rural
to stay ahead of its competitors
health, nature and rural
The Economist
65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007)
10.2%
"negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt
2011
the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility
third
Carnation's Revolution
financial weakness
62.4
62.4
slow and inefficient
Italy
30
Passos Coelho
austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
65 to 66
the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses
English
social unrest
third quarter of 2014
17.7%
7.3%
December 2009
Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra
Ftima
Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children
new tourist destinations
Lisbon
increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles
new motorways
almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways
1944
89,015 km2
four
Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja
geographical position
TAP Portugal
Spain
Comboios de Portugal
1,430 km (889 mi)
1,430 km
900 km
Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo
35 km (22 mi)
Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)
over a century
a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions
INETI
Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education
Instituto Gulbenkian de Cincia and the Champalimaud Foundation
a neuroscience and oncology research centre
one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world
1779
Portugal
a scientific and technological culture
the Lisbon Oceanarium, and the Portuguese
emergence and growth of several science parks
Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra) and Parkurbis (in Covilh)
to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support
wind and river power
near Moura
Norte region
66%
Redes Energéticas Nacionais
uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants
hydropower plants
wind-driven turbines
by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity
10,562,178
52%
48%
Catholicism
Mouriscos (former Muslims) and Cristos Novos (New Christians or former Jews)
Paleolithic
around 45,000 years ago
Paleolithic
colonial history
Atlantic Ocean
Angola and Mozambique
Portuguese
10,617,575
81.0%
Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist
6.8%
8.3%
Christian
13th and 14th
growth of liberal and nascent republican movements
1910–26
25 July 1139
victories
to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands
Portuguese
Romance
Galician-Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese
Latin
Pre-Roman
1415 and 1999
five
Brazil
99 percent
100
Over 35%
50%
1290
Lisbon
Coimbra
the Real Academia de Artilharia
the Escola Médico-Cirrgica of Goa
2006
public money
23 years old
developing health policy as well as managing the SNS
Five
implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery
noncommunicable diseases
ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
cerebrovascular disease
12%
children
self-reporting
one third
1990s and 2000s
1956
Lisbon
Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Msica
fifteen
Portuguese late Gothic
Portuguese late Gothic
A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture
Eduardo Souto de Moura, lvaro Siza Vieira
stadium design
the late 19th century
Arthur Duarte, Antnio Lopes Ribeiro, Antnio Reis
Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, and Diogo Morgado
the late 19th century
Arthur Duarte, Antnio Lopes Ribeiro, Antnio Reis
Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, and Diogo Morgado
Adventurer and poet
Os Lusadas
Virgil's Aeneid
neoclassic and contemporary
Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Ea de Queiroz
bacalhau
grilled sardines and caldeirada
a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish
beef, pork, lamb, or chicken
arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela
Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches
in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country
almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor
pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro
the times of the Romans
Bacchus
Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Douro
Port and Madeira
Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar
Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto
Idanha-a- Nova Municipality
European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010
2005
Artur Pizarro, Maria Joo Pires, Sequeira Costa
Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro
José Vianna da Motta, Carlos Seixas, Joo Domingos Bomtempo
Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira
20th century
French painters
Cano Popular a Russa e o Fgaro
Vieira da Silva, Jlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julio Sarmento and Paula Rego
Football
Eusébio
Lus Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo
FIFA World Player of the Year
José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José
SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP
SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP
eight
roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball
Federao Portuguesa de Futebol
1977
acclaimed
Kanye Omari West
June 8, 1977
Roc-A-Fella Records
Jay-Z and Alicia Keys
The College Dropout
Jay-Z and Alicia Keys
Chicago
The College Dropout
2004
The College Dropout
more than 32 million
100 million
Grammy-awarded
three
Forbes
more than 32 million
21
two of his albums feature at first and eighth, respectively, in Pitchfork Media's The 100 Best Albums of All Time
2005 and 2015
English
Atlanta
Good Water Store and Café
Chicago, Illinois
Polaris High School
Nanjing, China
foreigner
settled
10
Nanjing University
poetry
"Green Eggs and Ham"
No I.D.
rapping
"Green Eggs and Ham"
No I.D
Chicago's American Academy of Art
20
Chicago's American Academy of Art
English
20
College Dropout
burgeoning local artists
classic soul records
D-Dot
mid-1990s
mid-1990s
Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie
Go- Getters
Hustle Period
1999
Foxy Brown
Nas, Drag-On, and R&B singer Carl Thomas
a female rapper
Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie
Roc-A-Fella Records
The Blueprint
2000
The Blueprint
a rapper
Capitol Records
rapper
the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop
Capitol Records
Joe Weinberger
Roc-A-Fella Records
a producer first and foremost
Joe Weinberger
Capitol Record's A&R
jaw still wired shut
Get Well Soon
The College Dropout
October 23, 2002
jaw still wired shut
Get Well Soon
recovering from the car accident
fifteen minutes
Los Angeles
three
August 2003
fifteen
two
"Jesus Walks"
GOOD Music
February 2004
"Slow Jamz"
West 10
GOOD Music
string orchestra
Jon Brion
Late Registration
2.3 million
Portishead
Late Registration
2.3 million
Best New Artist
Hurricane Katrina victims
Rolling Stone
Best New Artist
Mike Myers
Rolling Stone
A Concert for Hurricane Relief
The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin
lyricism
Johnny cash
U2
1980s
The Rolling Stones
Bob Dylan
Graduation
"Stronger", garnered the rapper his third number-one hit
957,000
Daft Punk
Graduation
rapper 50 Cent's Curtis
Curtis
Alexis Phifer
"Jesus Walks" and "Never Let Me Down."
2007
Alexis Phifer
Glow
Honolulu
"Love Lockdown"
Billboard Hot 100
"Hot Shot Debut"
Island Def Jam
November 2008
"Hot Shot Debut"
Roland TR-808 drum machine
Matthew Trammell
Matthew Trammell
the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards
Taylor Swift
Lady Gaga
2009
microphone
Lady Gaga
52nd Grammy Awards
Hawaii
fashion
Hawaii
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
Album of the Year at the 54th Grammy Awards
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
November 2010
All of the Lights
GOOD Fridays
"one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time"
Jay-Z
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
Watch the Throne
"Mercy" and "Clique"
2012
Cannes Film Festival
his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel
Yeezus
Kendrick Lamar
2013
architecture
Yeezus
June 18, 2013
Yeezus
North
Adidas
Paul McCartney
Theophilus London, Allan Kingdom and Paul McCartney
Kim Kardashian
North
Florence
Paul McCartney
Yeezy Season 1
Glastonbury Festival
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
135,000
So help Me God
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
135,000
14 February 2016
Waves
Wiz Khalifa
The Life of Pablo
Tidal
"Facts"
Waves
Wiz Khalifa
Yeezy Season 3
David Bowie
Wu-Tang Clan producer RZA
chipmunk soul
David Bowie
Puff Daddy
"The Can't Be Life"
Jon Brion
genres and prominent orchestral
Late Orchestration
Jon Brion
Portishead
Graduation
Graduation
melody and chord progression
2007
stark electropop sound
Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George
austere production and elements such as dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and choir monks
Boy George
post-punk
Rolling Stone
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
maximalist aesthetic
Jon Brion
Simon Vozick-Levinson
808s & Heartbreak
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
a protest to music
Le Corbusier
2013
Yeezus
Pastelle Clothing line
"Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring."
spring 2006
2006
Nike
Louis Vuitton
DW Kanye West
mixed-to-negative
March 6, 2012
October 1, 2011
DW Kanye West
October 1, 2011
DW Kanye West
mixed-to-negative
March 6, 2012
Adidas
50 cinemas
Adidas UK stores
9000
Adidas Yeezy Boosts
2015
The Life of Pablo
Fatburger
two
the remaining Beverly location also was shuttered
KW Foods LLC
two
September 2008
KW Foods LLC
GOOD Music
Pusha T
2004
John Legend
Pusha T
to make products and experiences that people want and can afford
Donda West
January 5, 2012
Tidal
Jay Z
low payout of royalties
Tidal
lossless audio and high definition music videos
Jay Z
Jay Z
Kanye West Foundation
to battle dropout and illiteracy rates
Kanye West Foundation
2007
Chicago
underprivileged youth access to music education
"Ed in '08"
August
The Dr. Donda West Foundation
2011
2008
The Dr. Donda West Foundation
2011
fundraisers, benefit concerts
A Concert for Hurricane Relief
President George W. Bush
President George W. Bush
September 2, 2005
telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker
George Bush
in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist
Matt Lauer
Kazakhstan
US$3 million
one of the poorest
Nazarbayev
Arizona
human rights concerns
Zane Lowe
an apology shortly before taping
Jimmy Kimmel
Zane Lowe
BBC Radio 1
President Obama
Jewish
November 26, 2013
December 21, 2013
sexual assault
Bill Cosby
Gretchen Wilson
"Touch the Sky"
Gretchen Wilson
Touch the Sky
November 7, 2006
Saturday Night Live
Spears has not had a hit in a long period of time and that MTV exploited her for ratings
"Stronger"
his race had something to do with his being overlooked for opening the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) in favor of Britney Spears
"Stronger"
Taylor Swift
President Barack Obama
President Barack Obama
Kim Kardashian
"I'm sorry Taylor."
September 2010
2009
The Life of Pablo
Album of the Year
Beyoncé
Album of the Year
February 26, 2015
Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
2020
Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
Glastonbury Festival
Glastonbury Festival 2015
Change.org
Glastonbury Festival 2015
50,000
Alexis Phifer
Amber Rose
Fort di Belvedere
two
2002
August 2006
Amber Rose
April 2012
Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James
58
Jan Adams
7:35 pm
heart disease
Jan Adams
Jan Adams
Larry King Live
liposuction and mammoplasty
Ed McPherson
violating patient confidentiality following her death
Larry King Live
January 10, 2008
Oklahoma City
"Don't Stop Believin'"
Oklahoma City
November 20, 2007
November 22
Glow in the Dark tour
New Zealand
New Zealand
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Donda West Law
Robert "Evel" Knievel
November 2007
Robert "Evel" Knievel
Evel Kanyevel
November 2007
felony vandalism
$20,000
misdemeanor vandalism
September 11, 2008
one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery
Don "Don C." Crowley
$20,000
Tup Tup Palace nightclub
November 14, 2008
Hilton hotel near Gateshead
Hilton hotel
dozens
misdemeanor battery conviction
Daniel Ramos
two
anger management
250
"I will say that I'm spiritual. I have accepted Jesus as my Savior
The College Dropout
Christian
"most important artist of any art form, of any genre."
David Bowie
Jon Caramanic of The New York Times
Ben Westhoff
The Guardian
homophobia
hip-hop
middle-class
rapper 50 Cent's Curtis
rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold
an influence
Elon Musk
six
30 million
all of which have gone platinum, have received numerous awards and critical acclaim
No. 1
3,086,000
third
30 million
21
Bob Dylan
twice
21
No. 8
May 16, 2008
MTV Man of the Year
Bob Dylan
three
three
Yeezus
eighth
The Pitchfork
Yeezus
"Runaway"
President George W. Bush
Taylor Swift
collaborations with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C
DONDA
2013
nontheistic
teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha
eastern part of the Indian subcontinent
through the elimination of ignorance and craving
ignorance and craving
nontheistic
Gautama Buddha
between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE
eastern part of the Indian subcontinent
Gautama Buddha
eastern part of the Indian subcontinent
6th and 4th centuries BCE
Gautama Buddha
Four
Indian
Gautama Buddha
Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle")
Vajrayana
Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia
Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai
535 million
Vajrayana
Vajrayana
Vajrayana
Indian siddhas
The School of the Elders
attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana
practicing the Noble Eightfold Path
a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening
attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana
practicing the Noble Eightfold Path
Theravada Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism
Middle Way
bodhisattva
suffering and rebirth
the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)
giving charity to reduce the greediness
Ten Meritorious Deeds
giving charity to reduce the greediness
creator
the greediness
Mahayana
Buddhaghoa
Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravdin Mahvastu, and the Sarvstivdin Lalitavistara Stra
unqualified claims
5th century CE
the Buddhacarita
Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life
the historical facts of the Buddha
monastic order
5th century CE
Michael Carrithers
birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death
Karen Armstrong
Siddhatta Gotama
Siddhatta Gotama
Michael Carrithers
the Buddha that meets modern criteria
Siddhatta Gotama
fifth century BCE
a community that was on the periphery
a community that was on the periphery
a community that was on the periphery
fifth century BCE
small republic
the northeastern Indian subcontinent
an oligarch
Siddhrtha Gautama
oligarch
Asita
Siddhartha would either become a holy man, depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls
holy man
an astrologer named Asita
Suddhodana
holy man
Asita
Asita
great king
leaving the palace grounds
29
ventured beyond the palace several times
the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man
a king
29
Buddhist literature
abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest
a king
29
four
corpse
they did not provide a permanent end to suffering
Middle Way
prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain
mastered the meditative attainments
fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain
milk and rice
Middle Way
they did not provide a permanent end to suffering
milk and rice
anapanasati
meditation
35
Ficus religiosa
teaching the path of awakening
80
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
Ficus religiosa tree
Bodhi Tree
35
Ficus religiosa
Ficus religiosa
Bodh Gaya
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences
ignorance
suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction
by following the Buddhist path
samsara
six
ignorance
by following the Buddhist path
continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
six
psychological
dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction)
the Buddhist path
action, work
the force that drives sasra
sla
body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent
action, work
sla
sasra
sasra
force that drives sasra
sla
result
Theravada
the Lotus Sutra, the Agulimlya Stra and the Mahyna Mahparinirva Stra
Vajrayana
Amitbha
Theravada Buddhism
Amitbha
Mahayana
previous negative karma
Genshin
Amitbha
Rebirth
anatt
the laws of cause and effect (karma)
conception to death
karma
Rebirth
anatt
prattyasamutpda
an unchanging, eternal soul
those who can meditate on the arpajhnas
those who can meditate on the arpajhnas
31
uddhvsa Worlds or Pure Abodes
angmis
formless realms
arpajhnas
31
angmis
arpajhnas
formless realms
East Asian and Tibetan
The orthodox Theravada position
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
Tibetan "bardo")
The orthodox Theravada
Tibetan
East Asian
Tibetan
orthodox
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon
The teachings on the Four Noble Truths
the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome
Four Noble Truths
suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness
The teachings on the Four Noble Truths
dukkha
the nature of dukkha
"suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease"
the nature of dukkha
suffering
unsatisfactoriness
three
suffering
Dukkha
three
craving
craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja) of the true nature of things
the complete cessation of dukkha is possible
craving
the origin of dukkha can be known
craving
the fourth noble truth identifies a path to this cessation
the origin of dukkha can be known
ignorance
the true nature of things
dukkha
The Noble Eightfold Path
lead to the cessation of dukkha
right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), right Effort, right Mindfulness, and right Concentration
Noble Truths
eight
cessation of dukkha
right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or right Thought)
the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths
eight
dukkha
Ajahn Sucitto
as stages
mental, spoken, and bodily
Ajahn Sucitto
teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables"
one without egotism
brahmaviharas
mett or loving-kindness meditation
"wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings."
Kalama
egotism
love, compassion, joy, and equanimity
Pema Chdrn
meditation that cultivates "wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings."
prior to his enlightenment
Middle Way (or Middle Path)
enlightenment
intellectual
discourage
Buddhist scholars
doctrinal
The concept of liberation
suffering
nirva
The concept of liberation
dispassion for the objects of clinging
three
notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent
flux in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (sasra), and in any experience of loss
doctrine asserts that because things are impermanent
Everything
ceasing to be
sasra
suffering
suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration
disquietude
realistic
Buddhism
disquietude
disquietude
"dukkha"
Not-self (Pli: anatta; Sanskrit: antman)
suffering
the Buddha refused to answer
practitioner
Not-self (Pli: anatta; Sanskrit: antman)
Nikayas
metaphysical
skandhas
prattyasamutpda
dependent origination
Buddhist
Twelve Nidnas
continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (sasra)
Twelve Nidnas
cause, foundation, source or origin
The Twelve Nidnas
The Twelve Nidnas
by attaining Nirvana
ignorance
absence of the others
Sentient beings
dukkha
by attaining Nirvana
ignorance
nyat
emptiness
tman
all phenomena
Sarvastivada
Vasubandhu and Asanga
cittamatra
Not all Yogacarins asserted that mind was truly existent
Buddha-nature
perfected spiritual insight
Tibetan Buddhism
Jonang
Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature
Nirvana
Enlightenment
arahant
Bodhi
nirvana
raga
dosa
delusion
the bodhisattva
buddha
nirvana
parinirvana
a Buddha
Samsara
suffering
28
Maitreya
celestial
reality
arahants
Bodhi
anagami
Dharmakaya
omnipresent
Mahayana
existence
monks
nyat
bodhisattvas
Pure Land
manifestation
Amitabha Buddha
Gautama Buddha
A Buddha era
The Gautama Buddha
Buddha of this era
Mahayana Buddhists
A Theravada
Pure Land Buddhism
enlightenment being
bodhicitta
Mahyna
Mahyna "Great Vehicle"
Mahayana
Mahayana Buddhism
bodhisattva vow
dna, la, kanti, vrya, dhyna, and praj
14th
Buddhists
bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting
meditative
the Buddha
early Brahminic
liberating
the yogis
mindfulness and clear awareness
vision
meditative
"transcendent wisdom"
The Buddhist texts
The Buddhist texts
Upanishads
meditation
contemplative
Nasadiya Sukta
taking refuge in the Three Jewels
Majjhima Nikaya
Tibetan
essence
The Three Jewels have the quality of excellence
Gautama Buddha
The Dharma
The Sangha
speech, or mind
pramit
keeping these precepts
la
keeping the precepts
basic morality
precepts
asceticism
training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice
ethical
lower
the third precept
celibacy
ten
the seventh precept
ten
Vinaya
227
vinayapitaka
counts
life
higher attainments
islands unto themselves
Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra
vegetarianism
Japan
Chn
jhnas
right concentration
samdhi
defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous
Sanskrit  dhyna
vipassan
insight
idea
jhna
mind
disturbed to start with
jna
praj Pli pa
Only understanding (praj or vipassana)
craving
various defilements
suffering and stress
Nibbna
Four
bodhi
Praj
sermons
at any point
each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level
seon
Zen Buddhism
Zen
direct spiritual
two
Rinzai () and St
Zen
True Self or Formless Self
Thinking and thought
Mahayana
Diamond Vehicle
Tantric
ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation
second half of the first millennium BCE
the sense of the influence of morality on rebirth
ascetic religious and philosophical groups
non-Vedic
Greater Magadha
Rajagrha
2nd or 3rd centuries BCE
Upanishads
Pakudha Kaccayana
Ajnanas
the Ajnanas (agnostics) and the Jains
Vedic animal sacrifice
hymn of the cosmic man
animal sacrifices
Vedas
The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to draw out a core of oldest teachings, is a matter of dispute
insight
the Rupa Jhanas
Majjhima Nikaya 36
rebirth
a concept of karma that differed considerably from the commonly held views of his time
dhyna
meditative
fourth
liberating insight
linear
Nirvna
Nikayas
"Nibbna" (Sanskrit: Nirvna)
the middle way
eightfold
prajna
liberating insight
person
three
five
Early Buddhism
Sectarian Buddhism
Early Buddhism
Vajrayana Buddhism
Pre-sectarian Buddhism
rebirth
Noble Eightfold Path
Buddhist
nanda
stras, Pli suttas
abhidhamma
the Second Council
the Second Council
100 BCE
Mahsghikas
the Mahasanghika
vinaya
The Sthaviras
monasteries
doctrinal disagreements
Abhidharma
systematic philosophical treatises
3rd century BCE, 100 to 200 years after the death of the Buddha
Mahasanghika
Prajpramit stras
ndhra
Prajpramit
1st century BCE
the ndhra country
third century BCE
South India
Buddhism
a separate Vinaya or ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism
monasteries side by side
early Chinese translations of Mahyna texts
Lokakema
Prajpramit series
1st century BCE
Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic
Buddhist Logic
Yogacara
Ashoka
stpas
Buddhist religious memorials
spread Buddhism (Dharma)
missionaries
spread Buddhism (Dharma)
Persian and Greek
Menander
3rd century BCE
3rd century BCE
2nd century CE
2nd century CE
Korea and Japan
Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism
Buddhist
the teachings of the Buddha
the Buddhist community
progressive
depart from traditional beliefs and practices
second half of the 20th Century
neo-Buddhism
Soka Gakkai
"the most diverse" and "the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world"
Soka Gakkai International
Soka Gakkai International
Buddhism
China
244 million or 18.2%
360 million
150 million
Seven million
138 million
495 million
487 million
lesser vehicle
Hinayana
concepts
one Buddhist ecumenical organization
Theravada
the ancestral Sthvirya
Pali Canon
west
Theravadin
merit
Nland University
the Mahayana Sutras
the Buddha himself
Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Eastern Buddhism
Mahayana
the Pure Land school of Mahayana
Saivism
Buddhists
The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra
Buddhist
objects in themselves
text that is universally referred to by all traditions
gamas
core
The size and complexity of the Buddhist canons
Dhammapada
Buddhism
Theravada
sample
The Buddha and His Dhamma
The Pli Tipitaka
Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka
The Vinaya Pitaka
The Sutta Pitaka
The Abhidhamma Pitaka
Pli Tipitaka
five or seven
Mahkyapa
to record the Buddha's teachings
nanda
nanda
the dhamma
Theravadin
The Theravadins
Mahayana Buddhist tradition
The Mahayana sutras
Sarvastivada Abhidharma
Mahayana
the Great Vehicle
the bodhisattva path
Mahayana
Mahayana sutras
Mahayana
Approximately six hundred
East Asian Buddhism
after the 5th century CE
Hinayana
Theravada school
Sri Lanka
modern era
the Hinayna, the Inferior Way
rvakayna
Buddhism
ethics
moral and spiritual
Christianity
scientific
Buddhism
Buddhism
Simon Fuller
Simon Fuller
2002
Pop Idol
Fox
Simon Fuller
Pop Idol
Simon Fuller
19 Entertainment
June 11, 2002
Pop Idol
Randy Jackson
Brian Dunkleman
Jennifer Lopez
Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman
Brian Dunkleman
Randy Jackson
Jennifer Lopez
Randy Jackson
Paula Abdul
Simon Cowell
Keith Urban
Harry Connick, Jr
345
Jordin Sparks
a rival TV executive
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
345
a rival TV executive
2015
2015
fifteenth
eight
May 11, 2015
Popstars
Simon Fuller
2001
Simon Cowell
Lythgoe
British
Nigel Lythgoe
real-life soap opera
2001
Lythgoe
seven consecutive
2002
2001
Elisabeth
Rupert Murdoch
The search for a Superstar
eight
four
Angie Martinez
Stryker
four
A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker
Angie Martinez
the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism
Kara DioGuardi
Ellen DeGeneres
two
2011
The X Factor
Kara DioGuardi
before season nine
January 11, 2010
Ellen DeGeneres
season ten
season two
Adam Lambert
season three
season eight
season nine
Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb
season eight
season three
Brian Dunkleman
Dunkleman
Jimmy Iovine
Scott Borchetta
song choice and performance
Jimmy Iovine
Jimmy Iovine
Jimmy Iovine
twenty-eight
twenty-four in the first three seasons
semi-final stage
only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions
the only audition stage shown on television
only a few hundred
a few hundred
a few hundred
producers
the only audition stage shown on television
season seven, the group round was eliminated and contestants may, after a first solo performance and on judges approval, skip a second solo round and move directly to the final Hollywood round
seasons two and three
usually three rounds of eliminations
season twelve
three
group round
seasons two and three
Las Vegas
Sudden Death round
season thirteen
178 million
season ten
Telescope Inc
the semi-finals onwards
Over 110 million
750 million
12
wildcard round
individually in their respective night
individually in their respective night
In seasons two and three, there were four groups of eight, and the top two of each selected
12 finalists in all
12
twenty-four
gender in order to ensure an equal gender division in the top twelve
only six of each remained to form the top twelve
six
The men and women sang separately on consecutive nights, and the bottom two in each groups were eliminated each week until only six of each remained to form the top twelve
four
three contestants moving forward – the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13
the top twenty semifinalists were split into gender groups
three
season eight
three
four
three contestants moving forward – the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13
CBS Television City
Jimmy Iovine
thirteen
eight
CBS Television City in Los Angeles
Jimmy Iovine
one
each week
season eight
once, and only up through the top five
safety
season six
fourteenth
by using their Facebook account to decide which contestant will move on to the next show
The "Fan save"
five-minute window
fourteenth season
Nokia Theatre
3,400
two-hour last episode of the season
Dolby Theatre
3,400
6,000
Nokia Theatre
affiliated 19 Management
Big Machine Records
three months
a record deal with a major label
American Idol-affiliated 19 Management
Big Machine Records
a golden ticket
a golden ticket
the viewing public
season seven
Rickey Minor
season ten
Rickey Minor
Rickey Minor
Ray Chew
season seven
Fox network
2002
Brian Dunkleman
June 2002
Fox network
Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman
121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions
around 10,000
Jim Verraros
Tamyra Gray
in the hospital
121
10,000
Delano Cagnolatti
at the top four
Christina Christian
2002
Justin Guarini
September 4, 2002
Justin Guarini
Betty Hutton
September 4, 2002
"A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100
From Justin
23 million
coronation
coronation
"A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100
"A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles
From Justin to Kelly
23 million
2003
Kristin Adams
January 2003
Kristin Adams
Paula Abdul
Frenchie Davis
Corey Clark
Jaered Andrews
Corey Clark
Frenchie Davis
Jaered Andrews
Ruben Studdard
just 134,000
Nigel Lythgoe
24 million
Nigel Lythgoe
Ruben Studdard
Nigel Lythgoe
134,000
just 134,000
Aiken
"Flying Without Wings"
Josh Gracin
"Flying Without Wings"
"Flying Without Wings"
"Flying Without Wings"
Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings"
Josh Gracin
2004
William Hung
William Hung
January 19, 2004
William Hung
William Hung
Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson
Hudson
Elton John
John Stevens
Three Divas
Hudson
Elton John
John Stevens
Simon Cowell
I Believe
"Dreams"
I Believe
Simon Cowell
Diana DeGarmo
Fantasia
I Believe
Nikko Smith
Nikko Smith
Freemantle Media
Vazquez
the top 11 week
until the following night
2005
65 million
"Inside Your Heaven"
an "American Idol" alumnus
May 2005
Carrie Underwood
"Inside Your Heaven"
65 million
Season five
Brittenum twins
Season five
January 17, 2006
Brittenum twins
an invitation
the top four
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
new lead singer
Chris Daughtry
Live's version of "I Walk the Line"
not crediting the arrangement to Live
Taylor Hicks
"Do I make You Proud"
"Do I make You Proud"
May 30, 2006
Katharine McPhee
"Do I make You Proud"
"Do I make You Proud"
Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin
Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Daughtry
2007
37.3 million
January 16, 2007
37.3 million
Teenager Sanjaya Malakar
Howard Stern
Vote for the Worst
April 18
Teenager Sanjaya Malakar
Teenager Sanjaya Malakar
vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern
Vote for the Worst
Howard Stern
April 18
Idol Gives Back telethon
more than $76 million
Melinda Doolittle
Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event
Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson
Melinda Doolittle
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
May 23
May 23 season
Jordin Sparks
Blake Lewis
2005
over 100,000
Constantine Maroulis
January 18, 2005
January 18, 2005
January 18, 2005
high definition
over 100,000
28
2007
"These Is My now"
by both finalists during the finale and released by Sparks
American Idol Songwriter
the "coronation song"
20 entries
"coronation song"
May 24, 2007
2008
David Hernandez
David Hernandez
January 15, 2008
David Hernandez
his past employment as a stripper
David Hernandez
"Billie Jean"
David Cook
Chris Cornell
March 11, 2008
March 11, 2008
Chris Cornell arrangement
David Cook
John Lennon
season ten
"Hallelujah"
Jason Castro
iTunes
John Lennon's "Imagine"
Jennifer Lopez
Jason Castro
Jeff Buckley
iTunes
David Cook
David Cook
May 21, 2008
David Cook
The Time of My Life
The Time of My Life
2008
The Time of My Life
May 22, 2008
2009
Mike Darnell
president of alternative programming
January 13, 2009
January 13, 2009
Mike Darnell
Danny Gokey
Kara DioGuardi
two weeks
So You Think You Can Dance
Kodak Theatre
global recession at the time
fourth
Kara DioGuardi
So You Think You Can Dance
Kodak Theatre
Idol Gives Back
13
Matt Giraud
two
two
Lil rounds and Anoop Desai
13
two
Matt Giraud
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert
Adam Lambert
Arkansas
38 million
Allen
the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two
38 million
AT&T
No Boundaries
DioGuardi
No Boundaries
DioGuardi
gold album status
none
2010
Ellen DeGeneres
Hollywood Week
January 12, 2010
Ellen DeGeneres
Ellen DeGeneres
January 12, 2010
Crystal Bowersox
Ken Warwick
diabetic ketoacidosis
Crystal Bowersox
the top 20 week
Ken Warwick
Ken Warwick
producer, wanted to disqualify her but she begged to be allowed to stay
Judges
April 21, 2010
Adam Lambert
$45 million
Michael Lynche
Adam Lambert
Simon Cowell
A special tribute to Simon Cowell
Simon Cowell
Paula Abdul
DeWyze
"Beautiful Day"
May 26
neither finalist achieved significant album sales
DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day" and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain"
DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day"
2011
January 19, 2011
Jimmy Iovine
U.S. version of The X Factor
Nigel Lythgoe
January 19, 2011
Nigel Lythgoe
Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler
Jimmy Iovine
Season ten
Myspace
one such auditioner and reached the final rounds
online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace
online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace
Chris Medina
Top 40
Casey Abrams
Abrams
Chris Medina
following week
Casey Abrams
Top 13
Abrams
Tom Hanks
Tom Hanks
Pia Toscano
Tom Hanks
"Like My Mother does"
Scotty McCreery
"I Love You This Big"
"Like My Mother does"
Soulful
May 25, being the youngest male winner and the fourth male in a row to win American Idol
The two finalists in 2011 were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery, both teenage country singers
No. 1
2012
one more finalist would join the Top 24 making it the Top 25
Jermaine Jones
January 18, 2012
Jermaine Jones
March 14, Jones denied the accusation that he concealed his arrests
concealing arrests and outstanding warrants
Phillip Phillips
a blockage caused by kidney stones
eight surgeries
Phillip Phillips
Phillip Phillips
kidney
Colton Dixon
Jessica Sanchez
Colton Dixon
fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week
during the Top 7 week
Jessica Sanchez
Colton Dixon
Diana DeGarmo
season five
season three runner-up
Ace Young
season five finalist
stage
"Change Nothing"
"Change Nothing"
Home
"Change Nothing"
"Change Nothing"
2013
Randy Jackson
TMZ
January 16, 2013
four
five males and five females
Lazaro Arbos
the top 10 contestants were all female
five
Lazaro Arbos
the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
All Cried Out
Candice Glover
Kree Harrison
"I Am Beautiful"
All Cried Out
signed by a music label
Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj
one
Randy Jackson
Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj
2014
Ryan Seacrest
in-mentor
Ryan Seacrest
January 15, 2014
Harry Connick
Jennifer Lopez
Harry Connick
Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick
Sam Woolf
Top 3
songs they wrote themselves
Sam Woolf
In the Top 8
the Top 3 performance night
Caleb Johnson
Caleb Johnson
"As Long as You Love Me"
"As Long as You Love Me"
Caleb Johnson
Jena Irene
"As Long as You Love Me"
"As Long as You Love Me"
2015
Ryan Seacrest
Adam Lambert
judges
Randy Jackson
January 7, 2015
Adam Lambert
one
Coca Cola
Ford Motor Company
Big Machine Records
one
Coca Cola
Ford Motor Company
Big Machine Records
Nick Fradiani
Nick Fradiani
Jax
"Beautiful Life"
Forcefield
Nick Fradiani
Nick Fradiani
"Beautiful Life"
"Champion"
Jax
2015
fifteenth season
fifth
judges
Ryan Seacrest
May 11, 2015
Ryan Seacrest
131
2002
Southern
South Carolina
North Carolina
ten of the fourteen
Chris Daughtry
47 million
16 percent
47 million
85 percent
Taylor Hicks
Alabama
Bible Belt
church
Alabama
"White guy with guitar"
Richard Rushfield
American Idol: The Untold Story
five
white male who plays the guitar
Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar"
Richard Rushfield
Phillip Phillips
19 Entertainment
Ruben Studdard
Ruben Studdard
2013
100 million
season eight
season 7
power voting
2010
2013
Idol Gives Back
$185 million
Idol Gives Back
season six
2002
more than 40 million
23 million
June 2002
June 2002
more than 40 million
23 million
26.8 million
21.7 million viewers
Ruben Studdard
18–49
season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million
26.5 million
21.7 million
season four
Season six
16%
rearranged their schedules in order to minimize losses
NBC
American Idol
The show was dubbed "the Death Star" and competing networks often rearranged their schedules in order to minimize losses
a drop in ratings of 16% from the previous year
average results show rated higher than the competition stages
2007–2008
the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike
2002
Kristy Lee Cook
improved over season six
most watched TV network in the country
Writers Guild of America strike
NBC
CBS
18.4 million
NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics
30.1 million
sixth
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.1
eight years
NBC Sunday Night Football
18-49 demographic victory
13.3 million
2013–14
end of the 2013–14 television season
7.2 million
13.3 million
Coca-Cola
8.03 million
fifteenth
May 11, 2015
8.03 million viewers
1990s and 2000s
18–49
New Girl
Glee and New Girl
Simon Fuller
So You Think You Can Dance
The Sing-Off
Daughtry and Carrie Underwood
Kelly Clarkson
Carrie Underwood
345
Rich Meyer
Kelly Clarkson
345
Fred Bronson
four
four million
59 million
120 million
59 million
120 million
Debra Byrd
won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance
television and films
Jennifer Hudson
Dreamgirls
Debra Byrd
Entertainment Weekly
national anthem
Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly
Entertainment Weekly
Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune
Lincoln Memorial
Entertainment Weekly
Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek
John Mayer
Newsweek
commercialism
Ann Powers
Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek
John Mayer
Elton John
2006
LeAnn Rimes
Usher
Carrie Underwood
Faith Hill
LeAnn Rimes
Elton John
country music and Idol "go together well"
country music
nine years
Bruce Gower
nine years
Idol Gives Back edition
nine years
Governor's Award
$900 million
$900 million
The American Idol experience
$900 million
Disney
season four
$1.3 million
$300,000
$737,000
the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season eleven
more than its nearest competitor
first
first
AT&T Wireless
the mid-2010s
season seven
$10 million
$35 million
AT&T Wireless
text-messaging
4,349
PepsiCo
The X Factor
PepsiCo
The X Factor
third
twelve
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
a semi-finalist who won a sing-off
Kellogg's Pop-Tarts
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
The season five tour
season seven
first five
iTunes
winner's coronation single
as a compilation album at the end of the season
the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program
iTunes
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG)
UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records
UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records
19 Entertainment
19 Recordings
Bertelsmann Music Group
Sony Music Entertainment
UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records
The Walt Disney Company
2014
2014
Disney's Hollywood Studios
August 30, 2014
Walt Disney World Resort
Dream Ticket
August 30, 2014
over 100
CTV and/or CTV Two
2014
Yes TV
over 100
CTV and/or CTV Two
Yes TV
La3
two
STAR World
every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours
STAR World
La3
double standard
eight
eight
Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris
domestic dog
millennia
sensory capabilities
2010s
40,000 years ago
a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species
starch-rich diet
an extinct wolf-like canid
man's best friend
man's best friend
meat
*dukkn
Proto-Indo-European
Middle English dogge
Proto-Indo-European
hound
dog
16th
hound
16th century
types used for hunting
*kwon- "dog"
Offspring
the sire
poupée
a male canine
bitch
bitch
a dog
the sire
the dam
offspring
Canis
1982
the taxonomist Linnaeus
Dog-wolf
Mammal Species of the World
Canis
"Dog- family" or the family dog
Canis lupus
Canis familiaris
1982
2003
Mammal Species of the World
Canis familiaris
researchers
Canis familiaris
ICZN
the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species
Later genetic studies
extinct
ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves
Taimyr wolf of North Asia
human hunter-gatherers
gray wolf
Taimyr wolf of North Asia
domestic animal
catching and tearing
scavengers
wrist bones
endurance
catching and tearing
scavengers
height and weight
English Mastiff
English Mastiff
double
soft down hair
double
soft down hair
countershading
upper surfaces and light coloring below
countershading
dark
general visibility
sickle
emotional state
sickle
genetic ailments
parasites
unspayed
unspayed females of all types and ages
parasites
toxic
macadamia nuts
macadamia
Theobromine
toxic
nicotine
dark
1.2 years
shorter
2013
1.2 years
typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds
Dogue de Bordeaux
6 to 7 years
6 to 7 years
Dogue de Bordeaux
about 5.2 years
14 to 15 years
Bluey
Bluey
1939
Bluey
1939
Pusuke
six
pregnancy
two years old
subsequent estrous cycles biannually
58 to 68 days
63 days
six
twelve
63 days
six
one to four
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
testicles
ovaries and uterus
testicles
ovaries and uterus
undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized
Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality
urinary incontinence
female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs
urinary incontinence
hypersexuality
Rico
Chaser
gesturing and pointing
domestic dogs
solve their problems
knowledge for applying to solve problems
over 200 different items
advanced memory skills
1,000
9,000–30,000 years BCE
humans
social-cognitive skills
physical and social evolution
humans
internally coordinated responses
understand and communicate
some of the social-cognitive skills of human children
scents, pheromones and taste
hand signals
movements of bodies and limbs
hand signals
domestic dogs
atrophy of the jaw muscles
diagnostic
twice yearly
their behaviors
11
morphology and behavior
production-related traits
fear and aggression
production-related traits
for their behaviors
11
aggression
525 million:225
525 million:225
regional human population densities
apex
uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings
kill dogs
apex
kill sheep
Wolves
Leopards
Striped hyenas
alligators and pythons
Coyotes
Coyotes
alligators and pythons
Striped hyenas
omnivores
vegetables and grains
obligate
Carnivora
protein
starch-rich diet
a few hundred years old
behavioral and morphological variation
varied breeds
Irish Wolfhound
a few hundred years old
hundreds
blue
selective breeding
inherited characteristics
modern kennel clubs
reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs
Dog breeds
non-scientific
unsystematic
four
Malamute and Shar Pei
herding
four
old world dogs
Malamute and Shar Pei
bite inhibition
sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication
one of the most successful
bite inhibition
hunter-gatherers
aiding handicapped individuals
man's best friend
a source of meat
food scraps
three dog night
an early warning
by cleaning up food scraps
three dog night
cooperative
2004
use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt
domestication of the wolf
sled dogs
Bering land bridge
about 9,400 years ago
about 9,400 years ago
Athabascan
Apache and Navajo tribes
horse
a four-to-five-month-old puppy
humans and dogs
1950s and 1960s
1980s
outside more often than they tend to be today
elites
outside more often than they tend to be today
1980s
human expectations of personality and behaviour
dogs-as-dogs
two
commodification
everyday routines and practices
commodity forms
18th century
urine marking
18th century
through scent
establish territory through scent
as part of the family
Dog Whisperer
part of the family
Dog Whisperer
the newspaper
the plates
dog yoga
set tasks or routines undertaken as family members
newspaper
77.5 million
77.5 million
magnetic resonance imaging
voices and use the same parts of the brain
the brain
emotional
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
emotional
man's best friend
herding livestock
nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads
Laika
herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds)
man's best friend
pointers and hounds
nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads
Laika
1957
psychological therapy
medical care
breed shows
a judge familiar with the specific dog
individual purebred dogs
externally observable qualities of the dog
conformation shows
individual purebred dogs
externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appearance, movement, and temperament)
qualities
western hypocrisy
taboo
dog fat
no difference
western hypocrisy
medicinal properties
gaejang-guk
bosintang
to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body
scallions and chili powder
summer months
beef, chicken, and pork
4.5 million
17 fatalities per year
26. 77%
4.5 million
2000s
less severe
12.9 per 10,000
60.7 per 10,000
in the face or neck
serious infections
Colorado
60.7 per 10,000
serious infections
cats
two-wheeled vehicles
two-wheeled vehicles
Toxocara canis
eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis
10,000
cutaneous larva migrans
Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs
14%
about 10,000
24%
cause retinal damage and decreased vision
2005
absenteeism from school through sickness
2005
physical exercise
physical exercise
social interactions
social interactions
2015
reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety
strangers
mental institutions
social behaviors
antisocial and violent behavior
late 18th century
mental institutions
increased attendance
animal-assisted
odour
40 times
trillion
40 times
551
Cerberus
the gates of Hades
Garmr guards Helheim
Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan
thunder
Persian mythology
Cerberus
Garmr
Kimat
Kimat
the gates of Naraka
Yama
bronze dog figurines
Yama
the gates of Naraka
bronze dog figurines
bronze dog figurines
unclean
they are viewed as scavengers
Hasan Kk of The Hague
leather dog booties
they are viewed as scavengers
2015
Lérida, Spain
their luggage
faithfulness
themselves
feeding them
faithfulness
kind protectors
Chinese mythology
as kind protectors
caves
Hunting scenes
caves
Hunting scenes
the relationships between human and canine developed
humans
Male French Bulldogs
run away
respond with aggression
pet dogs living in human homes
more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed
domestication of dogs
poorly controlled
to the doctor
1936 Summer Olympics
129
one world, one dream
Journey of Harmony
one world, one dream
Beijing, China
"Journey of Harmony"
85,000
March 24
Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens
March 31
six
Silk Road
Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens
March 24
Panathinaiko Stadium
March 24
Mount Everest
hundreds
none
protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions
Chinese security officials
Chinese government
supporters
counter-protesters
overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals
skirmishes
Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia
Jacques Rogge
Tibetan
global relays
Jacques Rogge
expelled from the games
Jacques Rogge
the IOC's decision to scrap global relays
Paralympic Games
Paralympic Games
"Lucky cloud"
aluminum
985 grams
An ignition key
"Lucky cloud"
aluminum
65 kilometre per hour
up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour
cans of propane
Air China Airbus A330
yellow
March 2008
130
a chartered Air China Airbus A330
red and yellow colors
Air China Airbus A330
130
137,000 km (85,000 mi)
six
Taipei
Hong Kong and Macau
continents
Beijing and Taipei
Beijing and Taipei
24
March 24, 2008
Olympia, Greece
Maria Nafpliotou
Liu Qi
March 30, 2008
Olympia, Greece
Luo Xuejuan
silver
Maria Nafpliotou
Nepal
French hypermart Carrefour
LVMH Group
French flags
Kunming
LVMH Group
censorship
Carrefour
People's Daily
People's Daily
legal
Almaty
Kazakhstan
President of Kazakhstan
Astana Square
Uighur
Almaty
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev
20 km
Uighur
April 3
Taksim Square
Sultanahmet Square
Uyghurs living in Turkey
Istanbul
Sultanahmet Square
Taksim Square
Uyghurs
Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police
April 5
Victory Square
Palace Square
PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko
Victory Square
Victory Square
Palace Square
Olympic flame
The torch relay leg held in London
April 6
£750,000
The torch relay leg
Wembley Stadium
O2 Arena
30
thugs
80
Sir Steve Redgrave
Richard Vaughan
Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Sir Steve Redgrave
2,000
Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan
10 Downing Street
Konnie Huq in a momentary struggle
April 7
Stade Charléty
by bus
the police authorities in Paris
April 7
Stade Charléty
Stade Charléty
estimated 3,000
five
Green Party officials
Jin Jing
Angel in Wheelchair
torch relay ceremony amidst disruptions
Jin Jing
Angel in Wheelchair
Green Party officials
Reporters Without Borders
Eiffel Tower
Notre Dame
a protest banner
Reporters Without Borders
Notre Dame cathedral
Trocadéro
Jane Birkin
Thupten Gyatso
Trocadéro
peaceful protest
Jane Birkin
freedom of speech
National Assembly's session
"Respect for Human Rights in China"
Freedom for Tibet!
Parliament
the National Assembly's session
"Respect for Human Rights in China"
Freedom for Tibet!
Tibetan flags
Libération
Trocadéro
Michle Alliot-Marie
Tibetan flags
Trocadéro
Minister of the Interior Michle Alliot-Marie
police officer
McCovey Cove
April 9
Chinese 1992 Olympic champion swimmer Lin Li
large numbers of China supporters and protesters against China
Peter Ueberroth
San Francisco
April 9
Norman Bellingham
Justin Herman Plaza
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
human rights abuses
April 8
April 1, 2008
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
United Nations Plaza
Richard Gere
"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet"
KPIX-CBS5
Laurel Sutherlin
Golden Gate Bridge
Laurel Sutherlin
five
The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance
a warehouse on a waterfront pier
Majora Carter
Majora Carter
Van Ness Avenue
Justin Herman Plaza
waterfront pier
April 11
the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur
Mauricio Macri
the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur
Lola Mora amphitheatre
Carlos Espnola
Carlos Espnola
confetti
Jorge Carcavallo
"Human Rights Torch."
Free Tibet
Jorge Carcavallo
the city hall
"Human Rights Torch."
Free Tibet
Human Rights Torch Relay
Susan Prager
Friends of Falun Gong
Diego Maradona
1200
several water balloons
Friends of Falun Gong
Diego Maradona
1200
Olympic controversy
peaceful
Dar es Salaam
April 13
the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke
Olympic flag
TAZARA Railway
the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway
Temeke
Dar es Salaam
Sultanate of Oman: Muscat
April 14
Sulaf Fawakherji
Muscat
20 km
Sulaf Fawakherji
April 16
Jinnah Stadium
Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani
a stadium behind closed doors
Jinnah Stadium
April 17
70
Baichung Bhutia
five
Indian leg
1.5 miles
five
five
Baichung Bhutia
Republic Day celebrations
Indian ambassador
India's Commerce Minister, Kamal Nath
India's Commerce Minister, Kamal Nath
2 am local time
Republic Day celebrations
terrorist
150,000
a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route
India
150,000
protests
Holy Flame Protection Unit
relations
Tibetan government in exile
Kiran Bedi
Indian Police Service
Soha Ali Khan
April 16
Kiran Bedi
Soha Ali Khan
Delhi
the police
caged woman
April 18
M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse
Chinese Embassy
April 18
10
Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand
Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse
1964 Tokyo edition
Kuala Lumpur
the historic Independence Square
1964 Tokyo edition
the historic Independence Square
Petronas Twin Towers
1964
1000 personnel
Falun Gong
Falun Gong
Malaysian citizenship
"Taiwan and Tibet belong to China."
placards
April 22
Chinese embassy
journalists
Islamabad
20
security worries
round the city main's stadium
outside the stadium
April 24
Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea
a message stick
Australian and Chinese officials
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
16
Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park
Australian Federal Police
Agnes Shea
People's Liberation Army personnel
our sacred torch
Tony Goh
Stephen Smith
People's Liberation Army personnel
Australian police
Tony Goh
Zhang Rongan
Stephen Smith
Lin Hatfield Dodds
Stephen Smith
Lin Hatfield Dodds
Stephen Smith
Ted Quinlan
between 2,000 and 10,000
Chinese embassy
Ian Thorpe
between 2,000 and 10,000
between 2,000 and 10,000
Ted Quinlan
Jon Stanhope
Nagano
April 26
Minami Nagano Sports Park
Winter Olympics
Minami Nagano Sports Park
Minami Nagano Sports Park
Thousands of riot police were mobilized to protect the torch along its route
Seoul
1988 Summer Games
Olympic Park
Chinese students
Seoul
1988 Summer Olympics
April 28
Kim Yong Nam
Pak Du Ik
Pyongyang
Pyongyang
April 28
pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo
Pak Du Ik
propaganda stunt
against human rights
UNICEF
their staff
raising awareness of conditions for children
North Korea
April 29
Ho Chi Minh City
Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City
Spratly and Paracel Islands
Sansha
Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
Nguyn Tn Dng
seven
iu Cy
L Minh Phiu
seven
Nguyn Vn Hi
tax evasion
L Minh Phiu
disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims in the South China Sea
May 2
Lee Lai Shan
Hong Kong Cultural Centre
Golden Bauhinia Square
120
May 2
Chief Executive Donald Tsang
dragon boat
120
pro-Beijing camp politicians
novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames
Tiananmen Square protests
Christina Chan
Several onlookers
Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting the Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out
democracy
Leung Kwok-hung
Tibetan snow lion flag
Color Orange democracy group
"Pillar of Shame"
"immigration reasons"
Mia Farrow
two systems policy
Color Orange democracy group
"Pillar of Shame"
immigration reasons
Mia Farrow
May 3
Macau Fisherman's Wharf
120
Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng
non-athletes
May 3
120
Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng
Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng
Macanese
cyberctm.com
Internet forums
A Macau resident
cyberctm.com
The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation
April
Jackie Chan
May 4
April
International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan
Jackie Chan
biased
biased
Libération
coverage of the events by the media
censored
Reporters Without Borders
Libération
saboteurs
disruptive protesters
the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit
Marie-José Pérec
"radicals" who "trampled human rights" and whose activities were condemned by "the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit"
Marie-José Pérec
Xinhua
spirit of Olympics
sports and politics
run for spirit of Olympics
sports and politics
Fu Ying
Libération
Western media bias
Fu Ying
The Daily Telegraph
Libération
the Lhasa riots and the Olympic torch relay
the Lhasa riots and the Olympic torch relay
the Chinese government
"The challenges of reporting in China"
Paul Danahar
1,300
Paul Danahar
Tibet
People's Daily
People's Daily
anti-CNN website
a Beijing citizen
a Beijing citizen
a Beijing citizen
30
August 2007
to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons
China's female netizens
30
August 2007
matching blue tracksuits
Second Right Brother
Carrefour
LVMH Group
Dalai Lama
French flags
LVMH Group
conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism
anti-Japanese
People's Daily
Sohu.com
May 1
anti-Japanese protests
People's Daily
Sohu.com
May 1
Shoichi Washizawa
great nuisance
an un-identified person
Shoichi Washizawa
great nuisance
Olympic torch relay
a set of 8 lanterns
bad weather
Hong Kong legislator
Chinese Paralympic
Western media
Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will accompany the flame
Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route
Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims
encapsulate mathematics
Kurt Gdel
Kurt Gdel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics
the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics
1931
encapsulate mathematics
Whitehead and Russell's book
metaphysics
The Aims of Education and Other Essays
against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
it is, above all things, harmful
between 1912 and 1927
between 1912 and 1927
1927
the London Branch of the Mathematical Association
inert ideas
a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge
teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge
transdisciplinary
provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate
a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge
many different areas of knowledge
multidisciplinary
he considered himself a rank amateur
he considered himself a rank amateur
one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians
Bertrand Russell
metaphysics
he considered himself a rank amateur
a rank amateur
foremost
"Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics criticized."
scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic
both good science and good philosophy
essential to both good science and good philosophy
make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time
they remain unexamined and unquestioned
their basic assumptions about how the universe works
metaphysical investigations
reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another
"philosophy of organism"
it would become known more widely as "process philosophy of organism"
exclusively material or else exclusively mental
"philosophy of organism"
Cartesian
an event-based or "process" ontology
rejected in favor of an event-based or "process philosophy of organism"
experiential
process philosophy
materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete
"quality", "matter", and "form"
They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks
philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events
logically distinct
problematic
change
"classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change
a "society" of events
a continuum of overlapping events
occasions of experience
defining essence" or a "core identity"
qualitative and secondary to their core identity
qualitative and secondary to their core identity
discrete "occasions of experience"
one another in time and space
all things flow
people define identities
it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech
it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next
it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech
not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next
it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things
limitations of language
not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next
relations take a primary role, perhaps even more important than the relata themselves
as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space
relations take a primary role, perhaps even more important than the relata themselves
every object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things
it obscures the importance of relations
A second problem with materialism
distinct and discrete from all other objects
an inert clump of matter that is only externally
in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it
forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it
it could not be said to really exist
nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities
nothing more
to really exist
they are what the thing is
nothing less
conform to it
Europe and China
Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple
Gifford Lectures
intellectuals
Europe and China
University of Chicago's Divinity School
Henry Nelson Wieman
John B. Cobb, Jr.
Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams
China
modernization and industrialization
Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
John Cobb and David Ray Griffin
to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature
his assertion that matter is an abstraction
his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive
the sheer difficulty and density of his prose
influential
American pragmatism
William James and John Dewey
Nicholas Rescher
Charles Sanders Peirce
Richard Rorty
severely criticized
Henry Stapp and David Bohm
obsolete
They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes
as a local approximation
Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order
Theology of Ecology
For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future
Sustainable Future
to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."
Xie Bangxiu
five things in curriculum and education
to "help a person become whole."
Chinese government organizations and the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China
philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
applied process thought
philosophy of management and business ethics
philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening."
1910s
philosophy of science
processes
that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another
Process and Reality
metaphysics
metaphysics
metaphysics
comprehensive metaphysical system
processes rather than material objects
Ramsgate, Kent, England
1861
Thomas Whitehead
minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy
Maria Sarah Whitehead
Ramsgate, Kent, England
1861
minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy
Maria Sarah Whitehead
Evelyn
University of London system
Dean of the Faculty of Science
chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council
1924
Bachelor of Science
1918
Dean of the Faculty of Science
University of London system
1924
Victor Lowe
his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed
almost fanatical belief
"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
two volumes
Victor Lowe
instructions that all of his papers be destroyed
"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
A Treatise on Universal Algebra
Bertrand Russell
professional mathematicians
A Treatise on Universal Algebra
one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century
mathematics
three
Bertrand Russell
Principia Mathematica
1898
expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class
not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them, but rather the comparative study of their several structures
"It possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes."
algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class
a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes
their several structures
ten years
ten years
there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica
Whitehead and Russell
there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica
ten years
ten years
ten years
more than 2,000 pages
Cambridge University Press
to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon
Gifford
Process and Reality
professional philosophers
Process and Reality
1927–28
philosophical work
frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest
there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications
Henry Nelson Wieman
he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years
Mathews
Chicago's Divinity School
1927
Henry Nelson Wieman
he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years
"arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century,"
it demands
little-read and little-understood
Process and Reality
Isabelle Stengers
western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works
scientific and philosophical problems
the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions
absolute principle of existence
reaction to them
consciousness
faulty understanding or inadequate technology
creativity
a valuation of them and reaction to them
a sum
Latin prehensio
the mind only has private ideas about other entities
"prehension"
Latin
the Latin prehensio
people as well as electrons
two
perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons
the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself
causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy
the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment
"pure sense perception"
causal efficacy
Presentational immediacy
pure appearance
the experience dominating the primitive living organisms
the experience dominating the primitive living organisms
sense perceptions
symbolic reference
causal relationships
causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it
higher grade mentality
a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other
might not have jumped to the notion of a chair
might not have jumped to the notion of a chair
would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such
startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value."
modifying their environment
unintelligible
increasing its own satisfaction
survival value
modifying their environment
three
increasing its own satisfaction
unintelligible
humorously notes, "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."
the brief Galilean vision of humility
the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar
the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar
a "dipolar" entity has called for fresh theological thinking
primordial nature of God
consequent nature
primordial nature
springing primarily from religious faith
it is God's reception of the world's activity
change the way God interacts with the world
a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved
change the way God interacts with the world
judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved
in actuality and change
fulfilling one another
fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time
a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time
by taking them into God's self
individual
religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness
a system of general truths that transformed a person's character
a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents
solitariness
the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals
no such value till it has merged its individual claim with that of the objective universe
a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals
mutually dependent
the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself
Bruno Latour
outside of Claremont
Willard Van Orman Quine
he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror
progressive theology
Charles Hartshorne
full-blown process theology
John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller
the fellow sufferer who understands
the fellow sufferer who understands
would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers
God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world
process naturalism
biology and economics
posttructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory
geneticist
Alexander Bard and Jan Sderqvist
process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests
an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone
served as a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society
to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people
to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people
organizational theory and organizational behavior
an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference
Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration
invest client funds in over- priced (under-yielding) investments
a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital
Professional investment managers
maximize their compensation
under-yielding
Countrywide Financial
July 11, 2008
Countrywide Financial
IndyMac Bank
IndyMac Bancorp
April 2008
9.27% total risk-based
$160 million
Standard & Poor
adequately capitalized
Charles Schumer
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
$7 billion
regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30
$500 million
7.5%
7.5%
$10.7 billion
Charles Schumer
the unsafe and unsound manner
IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB
$100,000
roughly 10,000
July 11, 2008
July 14, 2008
Over 100
Bear Stearns
September and October 2008
Oct. 6, 2008
Lehman Brothers
money market funds
commercial paper
September 2008
$144.5 billion
4.65%
the shadow banking system
shadow banking system
investor funds in exchange for most types of loans-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, investment banks and other entities
Secretary
nearly one-third
the collapse of the shadow banking system
Brookings Institution
forms of securitization
the capital
more than a quarter
45%
20%
$13 trillion
$8.8 trillion
a serious default risk
the loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth and an even larger amount of stock wealth
Tens of millions
their future profits
much worse
global economic
UBS
three quarters
Iceland
capital injection
more than a third
14.4%
21.5%
the rest of the world
the increased savings rate of U.S. consumers
a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero
$251 billion
300,000
sound economic policymaking and good governance
falls in trade, commodity prices, investment and remittances sent from migrant workers
Arab World
Foreign Direct Investment
global downturn
lower oil prices
lower oil prices
10.1%
33
6%
1983
patent applications
faulty risk-weightings
financial engineering
Basel III regulations
Johan Norberg
capital ratios
June 2009
about the same time
2008
More quickly Than It Began
January 27, 2010
Advanced economies
69%
Advanced economies
69%
Advanced economies
Krugman
December 2010
2006
commercial loans-backed securities
related lending
the collateralized debt obligation
$70 trillion
doubled
loans-backed security
a "Giant pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments)
collateralized debt obligation
enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees
investment-grade
a single pool
Securities with lower priority had lower credit ratings but theoretically a higher rate of return on the amount invested
over 20% from their mid-2006 peak
mid-2006
nearly 1.3 million
79%
9.2%
6.5% to 1.0%
to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble
housing
excessive credit growth
Lower interest rates
$650 billion
5.8%
Asia and oil-exporting nations
capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount
large and growing amounts of foreign funds
between July 2004 and July 2006
ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners
deflating of the housing bubble
increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate loans
dramatically declined in value
Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending
220 professional underwriters
60%
1,600
80%
Clayton Holdings
900,000
23
28%
over 900,000
Predatory lending
Countrywide Financial
an adjustable rate loans (ARM)
negative amortization
classic bait-and-switch method
General Jerry Brown
weak credit, adjustable rate loanss (ARMs)
disappeared
Office of Thrift Supervision
weak
Paul Krugman
Timothy Geithner
OECD
regulatory framework
Bank regulation based on the Basel accords
increasing their appetite for risky investments and reducing their resilience in case of losses
complex
government
bankruptcy
off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives
top five
a financial shock
capital requirements
over $4.1 trillion
Lehman Brothers
Behavior
paradox of thrift
deepen a recession
Hyman Minsky
their assets
Janet Yellen
it didn’t take long before we were in a recession
The recession
cancelling planned investments
A process of balance sheet deleveraging
financial innovation
the adjustable-rate loans
CDS
adjustable-rate
expanded dramatically
$180 billion
$20 billion
over $180 billion
36%
$20 billion
innovative financial products
multiplied the number of actors connected to a single loans
indirect information
FICO scores on creditworthiness, appraisals and due diligence checks by third party organizations
adequate
interest rates or fees
pricing of risk
a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures
in a straightforward, readily understandable format
far more disruptive than it would have been
risk inherent with financial innovation such as MBS and CDOs
accurately measure the risk inherent with financial innovation such as MBS and CDOs
approximately 32 cents on the dollar
approximately 32 cents
$450bn
AIG
AIG receiving a premium in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted
September 2008
$180 billion
a premium
George Soros
investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators
the originators of synthetic products
the originators of synthetic products
the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators
World Scientific
2006
Merrill Lynch
some of the copula limitations
2006
Timothy Geithner
2009
a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system
the shadow banking system
maturity mismatch
spring of 2007
fall of 2008
More than a third
Brookings Institution
a number of years
Mark Zandi
securitization markets
$2 trillion
less than $150 billion
TALF
Rapid increases
$50 to $147
plunging
speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into gasoline
an increase in oil prices tends to divert a larger share of consumer spending into gasoline
Michael Greenberger
the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange
Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP
European and U.S. authorities
London and New York
Ailsa McKay
mainstream economics and within the economics profession
new advances within feminist economics and ecological economics that take as their starting point the socially responsible, sensible and accountable subject in creating an economy and economic theories that fully acknowledge care for 
reshaping
Raghuram Rajan
2005
at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan
"Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?"
tail risks
Raghuram Rajan
the Great Moderation
Dirk Bezemer
as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit-fueled bubble that could not forestall the disregarded
Alan Greenspan
BusinessWeek
Great Depression
The Wharton School
Nouriel Roubini
Dr. Doom
Nassim Nicholas Taleb
David Brooks
breakdown of the banking system
banking stocks
Phil Dow
more than 50%
54.7%
Floyd Norris
Northern Rock
the Bank of England
mid- September 2007
February 2008
Northern Rock's problems proved to be an early indication of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions
the borrower’s income or assets
Appraisals
poor
poor credit histories
regulate its involvement
half
63
77 percent
50 percent
Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top
European Commission at Brussels
0.1%
0.1%
the IMF
3%
expand money supplies
enacted large fiscal stimulus packages
lender-of-last-resort
increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity
self-reinforcing decline
credit freeze
US$2.5 trillion
$1.5 trillion newly issued
Joseph Stiglitz
spur banks
regulatory proposals
executive pay
proprietary trading
Paul Volcker
Paul Volcker
May 2010
December 2009
Volcker Rule
the Senate bill
bailout of banks
trillions of U.S. dollars
August 9, 2007
2008–2012
BNP Paribas
2004
2009
escalate
subprime borrowers
capital
Levin–Coburn Report
Glass-Steagall Act
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
credit rating agencies and investors
regulatory
loans-backed securities
collateralized debt obligations
major global financial institutions that had borrowed
institutions and investors around the world
loans payments and housing prices
trillions of U.S. dollars globally
enter foreclosure
2006
Defaults and losses on other loan types
ongoing foreclosure epidemic
investment banks and hedge funds
investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking system
financialization
deregulation
U.S. Government policy
large loan defaults or MBS losses
ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity
key financial institutions drove central banks
Governments
the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets
January 2011
"the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation
Federal Reserve
key policy makers
corporate governance
supply of creditworthy borrowers
2003
2004–2007
2004–2007
relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)
six
Paul Krugman
government affordable housing policy
GSE
4
13 million
over $2 trillion
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
HUD
6
Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)
the Bush administration
September 10, 2003
new legislation or formal investigation
the committee members
$467 billion
$467 billion
Community Reinvestment Act
25%
25%
1995
$4.5 trillion
high-interest-rate loans
as “prime” is based on the faulty and self-serving assumption that high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average) equal “subprime” loans
September 11, 2001
financial innovation
derivatives
Portfolio Magazine
loans used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying  loan loans
credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs
substandard loans
low or no downpayments
it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans
1997–2007
every bubble
160
northeast of Saba and St Eustatius
little Turtle rocks
Renaissance Islands
small satellite islets
Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people)
French
500–700
Saint-Barthélemy
geographically
Saint Martin
every five years
March 2012
15 July 2007
nineteen
September 2014
European Union
One senator represents the island in the French Senate
2008
six
Agricultural production
Sweet potato
Agricultural production
vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas
Gustavia
rich and famous
200,000
€61,200,000
the wealth generated by wealthy tourists
airplane
25
58
Portugal
12
400
cacti and succulent
eastern part
several hundred
Sea grapes
Pacific islands
aloe or aloe vera
cereus
South America, bougainvillea and others
1773
barbed wire defences
December till May
December till May
Turtles
they live in the sea, the females come to the shore to lay eggs and are protected by private societies
amidst tall sea grasses
pearly-pink
the marine aquafauna
shallow waters
ghost crabs
garbage and sewerage
1.200
sea turtles
Anchoring
Reserve Naturelle
offshore rocks such as Les Gross Islets, Pain de Sucre, Tortue and Forchue
the Swedes
Gustav Adolph
1787
the local gendarmerie
La Pointe
over 70
in the hotels
les petits creux
spicier
gastronomic
every alternate year
Concarneau
a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment
10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment
two sailors
north coast
charters
Princess Juliana International Airport
Sint Maarten
Gustaf III Airport
France
an overseas collectivity of France
English
Ouanalao
240 kilometres (150 mi) to the west in the Greater Antilles
volcanic
9,035
Gustavia
Caribbean
winter holiday season
Guadeloupe
Through a referendum in 2003
2007
Hotel de la Collectivité
senator
Jean Bay
small vessels
a visible coral reef
shallow waters
a marine reserve
22
15
leeward side
windward side
windsurfing
arid
2,500 ha
1000 mm
May to November
13 °C
1744
1785
Carénage
Carénage
Caribbean war
Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy
Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy
La Pointe
British period
ancestral costumes, antique tools, models of Creole houses and ancient fishing boats
modern molecular biology and genetics
genetic material of an organism
DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses)
Hans Winkler
1920
University of Hamburg
biome, rhizome
half the number
segregation of homologous chromosomes
mitochondria and chloroplasts, or viruses
genomics
the properties of single genes or groups of genes
genome of a particular individual or organism
C-value paradox
trichomoniasis
almost three times as many as in the human genome
three times
Walter Fiers
RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2)
Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent
Haemophilus influenzae
1996
The US National Institutes of Health
rice
puffer
December 2013
130,000
massive parallel sequencing
Manteia Predictive Medicine
James D. Watson
co-discoverers of the structure of DNA
genome sequence
The Human Genome Project
Jean Weissenbach
Genoscope in Paris
Genome composition
evolutionary history
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
exon-intron
prokaryotes
sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe
sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe
their chromosomes
plants, protozoa and animals
plastome
the "mitochondrial genome"
Genome size
morphological complexity
mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above
research strategy
vivo and in silico
Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes
non-repetitive DNA decreases
genome size
plants and amphibians
Higher eukaryotes
20%
tandem repeats and interspersed repeats
The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated
satellite DNA
microsatellites
interspersed repeats
transposable elements
genome evolution
retrotransposons
DNA transposons
RNA
cut and paste
RNA
karyotype
chromosome number
Duplications
genetic novelty
Horizontal gene transfer
microbes
mitochondrial
comprehensive school
selective
England and Wales
90%
Gesamtschule
practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning
smaller comprehensive schools
City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes
164
1965
neighbourhood
Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges
1970s
7 to 16
comprehensive school
college preparatory classes
the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur
50%
less than 1%
Stadtteilschule
Stadtteilschule
2010/2011
regular classes and remedial classes
the Abitur
the Hauptschule
grade inflation
Social Democratic Party of Germany
Social Democratic Party
Christian Democratic Union
Social Democratic Party of Germany
working class students
middle class peers
Hauptschule
Helmut Fend
tripartite system
1972
the sixth form
complete their A-levels
1966
Patrick Hillery
vocational school system
community school concept
1970s
The state
denominational basis
Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model
1946
London County Council
Holyhead County School
1949
Woodlands Boys School
Anthony Crosland
Secretary of State for Education
Secondary technical schools
Margaret Thatcher
local authorities
Conservative government
1975
large neighbourhood comprehensives
comprehensive status
Sandwell and Dudley
James Callaghan
state secondary school
Labour
Education Reform Act
1988
'specialisation
league tables of school performance
comprehensive
comprehensive education
2005
Scotland
England and Wales
République du Congo
Cameroon
Gabon
Cameroon
Central Africa
the Republic of the Congo
1960
President Denis Sassou Nguesso
President Denis Sassou
fourth
oil revenues
Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo
1500 BC
present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Diogo Co
Portuguese
commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands
in the late 19th century
Bantu societies
1880
Pierre de Brazza
Middle Congo
French Equatorial Africa
at least 14,000
Brazzaville
The Brazzaville Conference of 1944
1946
Fourth Republic
1958
the AEF
the Republic of the Congo
1959
August 15, 1960
Fulbert Youlou
Alphonse Massamba-Débat
Alphonse Massamba-Débat
The Congolese military
Massamba-Débat
the regime adopted "scientific socialism"
Soviet Union
1966
Denis Sassou Nguesso
Congolese Labour Party
Congolese Labour Party
1972
March 16, 1977
Eastern Bloc
Soviet Union
political repression
political repression
Pascal Lissouba
IMF
announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997
structural adjustment facility
Lissouba and Sassou
Cobras
Angolan
mid-October
Andre Milongo
seven years
January 2002
April 2003
Sassou
Congolese Observatory of Human Rights
"very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities"
multi-party
Congolese Labour Party
Congolese Labour Party
corruption revelations
French
March 27, 2015
third consecutive term
the government
one
one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels
Bantus
Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are
December 30, 2010
4°N and 5°S
11° and 19°E
Atlantic Ocean
Cabinda (Angola)
Angola
Kinshasa
Congo River
Democratic Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kouilou-Niari River
Kouilou-Niari River
central plateau
Forests
the Equator
24 °C (75 °F)
24 °C (75 °F)
June to August
Wildlife Conservation Society
Ouesso district of the Sangha Region
inhospitable swamps
petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing
budget problems and overstaffing
forestry
92%
92%
large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually
5%
50%
46%
civil war
slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict
June 1997
stimulating recovery and reducing poverty
Natural gas and diamonds
2004
gold, iron and phosphate deposits
Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa
200,000 hectares
land, air and water transportation
1930s
water transportation
Atlantic Ocean
southwestern
534-kilometre (332 mi) railway
62
Laari
2%
12%
about 9,000
French
Around 300
Catholics
22.3%
19.9%
19.9%
Catholics
8.9%
2.8%
30
20
560
Female genital mutilation
59.34
six and sixteen
44%
a bachelor's degree
they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively
executive
parliamentary or semi-presidential system
the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state
Westminster system
ceremonial
member of parliament
the royal prerogative
crown
First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service
Minister of Defence
1625
Cardinal Richelieu
France
Louis XIV
18th century
Sir Robert Walpole
Thomas Cromwell
Clarendon
Clarendon
the personal favour of the monarch
the monarch
Tory ministers Harley and St John
Cromwell
Glorious Revolution
the Bill of Rights
House of Commons
Anne
1714
Hanover
twenty-one years
House of Commons
doctrine of cabinet solidarity
defend it
Lord Melbourne
parliamentarians and legal scholars
George II and George III
Benjamin Disraeli
1905
president
Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah
1970
non-elected
parliamentary republics
parliamentary republics
Premier of the State Council
Taiwan
the legislature
the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president
resignation of the government
Bangladesh's
his/her appointment and dismissal
National People's Congress
Zngl
Constitution Act
1982
federal and provincial
process of his/her appointment and dismissal
first decade of the twentieth century
Balfour
1905
Margaret Thatcher
1979
1990
House of Commons
chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament
the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament
after every general election
the lower house of parliament
upper houses
confidence
prime minister
refuse a parliamentary dissolution
prime minister
1918
1918
Executive Council
the Irish cabinet
step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party under a spill motion
Chairman of the government
Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government"
the Taoiseach
Taoiseach
statsminister
statsminister
premier
Germany and Austria
Minister of State
Secretary of State
the Taoiseach by English speakers
non-Commonwealth
Excellency
Prime Minister of Canada
Prime Minister of Canada
devolved government
First Minister
Pradhan Mantri
"Wazir-e-Azam"
Grand Vizier
the Office of the Prime Minister
Cabinet Office
IT
19th century
French cole Polytechnique
Greek
the preference concerning which one is the preferred term varies from country to country
the Berg-Schola
World War II
Collegium Carolinum
1794
higher education
1992
University of Westminster
Regent Street
polytechnic
University of Technology
College of Advanced Education system
mid-1990s
Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning
2009
seven
Fachhochschule
master's
Hogeschool
academization
four
three
Cambodia
Affiliate Schools
Quebec
financing
Polytechnics Canada
collaborative institute-industry
1895
Capital University
about half
1997
Geophysics Institute
Quito Astronomical Observatory
National Polytechnic School
1873
one
their knowledge and skills
50
Instituts de technologie
180
160
Finland
university of applied sciences
yrkeshgskola
technology
institut universitaire de technologie
undergraduate technology curricula
Fachhochschule
Polytechnicum
18th century
Escola Politécnica
1970s
social science, medicine, business and design
business
TU
research
RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU Mnchen
The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universitten
17
290,000
Saxony
Niederschsische Technische Hochschule
N.1404/1983 Higher Education Reform Act
Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947)
The Hong Kong Polytechnic
1984
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
1994
copper
1735
Selmecbnya
30
30
AICTE
Diploma in Engineering
four
three
Regional Technical College (RTCs) system
Dublin Institute of Technology
Politecnico
two
Genoa
Imperial College of Engineering
sciences
Malaysia
UNESCO
Ipoh
32
60,840
87,440
University of Technology
technology focus
New Zealand
Universal College of learning
1989
Wellington Polytechnic
1990s
The Central Institute of Technology
North Island
The Auckland University of Technology
10th grade
various trades
three years
BE
F.Sc equivalent
university of technology
bacharelatos
Bologna Process
Millennia Institute
5
5
Maria Theresa
1735
silver and gold mining and metallurgy
1764
teaching
Universities and Technikons
1993
2004
technical colleges
bachelor's
Pathumwan Institute of Technology
University of Technology Thonburi
Institute of Technology and Vocational Education
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology
Suranaree University of Technology
1989
Mahanakorn University of Technology
a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University
2
Kocaeli and Izmir
1970
UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA
Central Institutions
Polytechnic of Central London
two
Loughborough University of Technology
1956
Further and Higher Education Act 1992
the national CNAA organization
university colleges
early 20th century
technical school
1824
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
a sound middle class economy
1950s
Caracas
Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio
Alexa Internet
Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat
San Francisco, California, United States
Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat
digital archive of the World Wide Web
Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet
1996
archive the entire Internet
The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show
Mr. Peabody and Sherman
"WABAC machine"
1996
robots exclusion standard
robots exclusion standard
Archive-It.org
clunky database
researchers and scientists
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
several weeks or years between snapshots
six months
twenty-four months or longer
August 2008
Jeff Kaplan
November 2010
three petabytes
12 terabytes/month
PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies
Capricorn Technologies
2009
Sun Modular Data center
Sun Modular Data Center on Sun Microsystems' California campus
2011
March 2011
2008
2010
"Save a Page"
October 2013
Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc.
Netbula
Wayback Machine
Internet Archive
Chordiant
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd
San Jose Division
San Jose Division
Dish Network
Dish Network
district Court Judge Ronald Guzman
district Court Judge Ronald Guzman
when a given Web page was accessible to the public
an authoritative statement of the archivist
technical limitations
complaints
non-RESTful e-commerce databases
non-RESTful e-commerce databases
violating copyright laws
delete pages from its system
FAQ section
Scientology
lawyers from the Church of Scientology
the Church of Scientology
Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey
the Archive's Wayback Machine
Internet Archive
DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
voluntary
Robots.txt
robots.txt
The Internet Archive
Suzanne Shell
Internet Archive profane-justice.org
declaratory
breach of contract
April 25, 2007
Ms. Shell
Suzanne Shell
sending multiple DMCA requests to theArchives
Federal Court of Canada
United Provinces (Verenigde Provincin)
1581
Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics
House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
1568
high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government
1579
northern provinces of the Low Countries
Act of Abjuration
1581
to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army
1582
1582
10 July 1584
the latter
1588
republican revolutions
France
the Batavian Republic
1813
United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands"
Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Lige
17th century
The County of Holland
1602
Rotterdam
six
a single city
Between 1590–1712
Africa and the Pacific
breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean
seven
the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch)
The Hague
County of Drenthe
poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence
raadspensionaris
the stadtholder, who commanded the army
the stadtholder
subordinate to the states of each province
Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau
Zeeland and usually Utrecht
Orangists
the Republicans
Peace of Westphalia
Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden)
Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden)
The States General of the United Provinces
Holland and/or Zeeland
The framers of the US Constitution
Madison
Act of Abjuration
Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579
personal religion
William of Orange
Catholic services
the Reformed Church
the time period and regional or city leaders
could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city
personal freedom of religion existed
predestination
the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism
Synod of Dort
Beginning in the 18th century
private churches
Greek
living together of unlike organisms
German
130 years
symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival
facultative
that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival
mistletoe
disjunctive symbiosis
endosymbiosis
about 10%–15% of insects
Frankia
bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects
lice, commensal ectosymbionts
exosymbiosis
exosymbiosis
interspecies reciprocal altruism
lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact
cellulose-digesting protozoans
mutualisms
plants, which fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, which help in extracting water and minerals from the ground
mycorrhyzal
tentacles
A special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles
ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones
goby fish
the goby fish touches the shrimp with its tail to warn it
non-obligate
1980s
hydrogen sulfide or methane
Galapagos Islands
nutrients
endosymbiont's growth processes
offspring via vertical transmission (heredity)
changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size
Muller's ratchet phenomenon
lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host
English
Commensalism
transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism)
Commensal
Commensal
A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed
biotrophic
necrotrophic
almost all free-living animals are host to one or more parasite taxa
Biotrophic parasitism
rudimentary reference texts
competition and antibiosis
the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected
Juglans nigra
Spanish ibex and weevils of the genus Timarcha
shrub
asymmetrical competitive interactions
Synnecrosis
interaction eventually causes death
uncommon
Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature
evolution of all eukaryotes
plants, animals, fungi, and protists
symbiosis
Dorion Sagan
co-evolution
nectar and large sticky pollen
species can only be pollinated by one species of insect
Forces armées canadiennes
National Defence Act
The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces
Canadian Forces
four
National Defence Act
Queen Elizabeth II
Governor General of Canada
Chief of the Defence Staff
Armed Forces Council
the Cold War
security of Europe
Soviet
1950s
1950s
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
international security operations
Afghanistan
2002
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Canada First Defence Strategy
2008
six core missions
North America
conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy
deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés
Canadian Defence Attachés
deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés
deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés
1867
Aboriginal
Aboriginal peoples
American Revolutionary War and War of 1812
invasion
the British Crown-in-Council
Halifax
1906
Department of Militia and Defence
November 1940
the Second Boer War
British command
when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War
the Korean War
European theatres
72 international operations
72
Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War
United Nations Peacekeeping operations
patrols
Battle of the Atlantic
the strategic bombing
Battle of the Atlantic
Croatia
volunteer army ever fielded
Soviet Union
Canada
1 February 1968
a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands
the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War
1931
First World War
The "Canadian Armed Forces" name returned in 2013
2013
2013
Canadian Forces
Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts
2011
United Nations International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
Government of Afghanistan
peacekeeping operations
$20.1 billion
74th
119,000
2020
119,000
Canada First Defence Strategy
through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment
a problem with its rate of loss of existing members
main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems
air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet
CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters
2006
medicine, communication, logistics, and administration
1971
medicine, communication, logistics, and administration
replenishment ships
Canadian Human Rights Act
infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations
5 February 1987
Minister of National Defence
Combat-Related Employment of Women
1989
submarine service
100 percent
government of Jean Chretien
a mixed-gender force
Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets
an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments
The following
The Canadian constitution
his or her viceroy
Orders in Council
monarch or governor general
his or her ministers
115,349
Chief of the Defence Staff
governor general
Ottawa, Ontario
colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general
27
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
33
Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard
Naval Reserve Headquarters
NATO
Commander of the Canadian Army
four divisions
the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division
5th Canadian Division
5th Canadian Division
three field-ready brigade groups
one
A tactical helicopter squadron
A tactical helicopter squadron
CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright
Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force
Winnipeg
eleven
a single tactical commander
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador
Winnipeg and North Bay
NATO Airborne Early Warning Force
NATO Airborne Early Warning Force
NATO Airborne Early Warning Force
Joint Task Force
a chain of forward operating locations
supporting fighter operations
CF-18
Arctic sovereignty
October 2012
Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command
the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC
CJOC
CJIRU
427
conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks
CFS Leitrim in Ottawa
design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces
June 2011
Brigadier General
Canadian Armed Forces
a deployed Joint Task Force
domestic
in times of national emergency or threat
the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force
Chief of Reserves and Cadets
Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)
officers and non-commissioned members
12 to 18 years
Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF
officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets
sovereignty over its northern territory
Canada's arctic and other remote areas
reserve
sovereignty over its northern territory
service dress
the naval "high-collar" white uniform, kilted Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments, and the scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges
operational dress
Approved parkas
a ceremonial/regimental full dress
beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque
there is no naval variant of the wedge cap
The beret
beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque
The Constitution of Canada
2005
the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees
a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses
incardinated
as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome
"principal" or "chief"
hinge
the Latin cardo
the deacons of the seven regions of the city
8th century
769
Nicholas II
Papal Bull In nomine Domini
1244
Pope Innocent IV
cardinal
747
1567
Pope Zacharias
747
Pius V
1567
1563
Pope Pius IV
1563
Pope Pius IV
French kings
secular affairs
Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu
King of Portugal
70
six cardinal bishops
Pope John XXIII
the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches
eighty years
120
the number of cardinals generally
a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees
The Dean of the College of Cardinals
the titular bishopric of Ostia
1630
Pope Urban VIII
secular
Pope and crowned monarchs
Pope Urban VIII
Cardinal [First name] [Surname]
Cardinal [First name] [Surname]
by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.)
by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.)
they do not belong to the Roman clergy
the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order
a cardinal
1378
1378
no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate
the cardinalate
Cardinal bishops
cardinals of the episcopal order
Cardinal bishop
the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere
To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop
Pope
he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals
seven
1150 until 1914
Pope Pius X
Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina
1962
Ostia
the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome
1962
Ostia
Ostia
College of Cardinals
the pope
a gold ring
Pope Benedict XVI
galero
1969
a galero
Eastern Catholic
willingness to die for his faith
rochet
the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture
1460s
the cardinalate expires
Pope Martin V
marry
1917
those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals
wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia
1962
1917
1917
sede vacante
The cardinal protodeacon
the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State
Pope John Paul I
white
30
10 years
about half
about half
Papal Household
cardinal deacons
Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil
Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil
the cardinal bishops
suburbicarian see
Cardinal priests
Cardinal priests
above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops
meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests
a titular church in Rome
1587
70
Pope Sixtus V
Iranian peoples
Indo-Iranian languages
Indo-European language family
400 BCE – 900 CE
Middle Persian
86
the ancestral Proto-Iranian language
Persian and Sanskrit
1836
Christian Lassen
Robert Needham Cust
1878
Central Asia
Central Asia
Andronovo
ca. 2000 BC
Indo-European
vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia
great linguistic diversity
two
the last inscription of significant length
circa 520 BC
4th century BC
"Old (or 'Gathic") Avestan
Zoroastrianism
Younger Avestan
Old Persian
the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish
Scythian
"western" and "eastern" branches
eastern
western
first-series palatal consonants, * and *d
Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants
Nuristani
consonant clusters *w and *dw
consonant clusters
distinct dialect groups
Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup
the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian
4th century BCE
Western and Eastern
Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script
Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script
Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script
Greek script
Pahlavi
10th century
Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian
Syriac script
Islamic Conquest of Persia
Dari
Saffarid
875 CE
royal court
Arabic script
second half of the 8th century
Tajik
1930s
Soviet government
Khuzestan
Sogdian and Bactrian
6th century AD
the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand
Saka
Daylighting
positive
capturing daylight
artificial light sources
Lighting or illumination
Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves)
artificial light sources
positive
capturing daylight
Lighting or illumination
light
Indoor lighting
Lighting
light fixtures
Lighting
1939 World's Fair
Recessed
400,000 BCE
birds and fish
fire
15,000 years ago
incandescent light bulb
early 1800s
urban crime
Lighting fixtures
visual glare
lumen per watt
6400
An incandescent bulb
blue-white
Lower color temperature
the distribution of the light produced by the fixture
Lightolier
master transformer
cable lighting
12 or 24
A torchiere
portable or table lamp
task
a dark nightclub
a suspended ceiling
general
a row of small lights
LED based versions
translucent
Street Lights
LED and photovoltaic luminaires
Floodlights
security lighting
Entry lights
red
white
late 1950s
White
Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear
'light bulbs'
electrical energy
60 W incandescent light bulb produces about the same amount of light
about 800 lumens
Lighting
Lighting of structures
Radiance
tabular
Daylight
dark
dark
Photometric studies
set of lighting cues
stage
the candela (cd)
candela per square metre
the stilb
lumen
the power at each wavelength weighted according to the luminosity function
the luminous power per area
Unified Glare Rating
correlated color temperature
color rendering index
color rendering index
correlated color temperature
gamut area index
GAI
greater the GAI
Dosimeter
personal circadian light meter called the Daysimeter
circadian light
up to 30
short-wavelength light
Specification of illumination requirements
Lighting control systems
wireless mesh open standards
wireless mesh open standards
provides benefits including easier installation (no need to run control wires) and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems (e.g. security)
Occupancy sensors
changes in heat
Ultrasonic
They can be used to control one lamp, one fixture or many fixtures
Daylighting
patients in hospitals as well as work and school performance
light emitting diodes
using the principles of nonimaging optics
lest
Alzheimer's Disease
24
disrupt
Robert Ulrich
patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays
fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall
University of Toronto Scarborough
Northwestern University
Dr. Abraham Gesner
1849
Earlier coal-gas
Compact fluorescent lamps
not all of them are suitable for dimming
10%
50,000 hours
50,000 hours
70%
Light pollution
temporarily blinding passersby making them vulnerable to would-be assailants
searchlights and flares
light
night vision
Flares
laser-guided and GPS weapons
International Commission on Illumination
The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
guidelines, standards, and handbooks
distribution of light released by a specific luminaire
International Association of Lighting Designers
The Professional Lighting Designers Association
The Professional Lighting Designers Association
The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP)
The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions
LC
CLEP and CLMC
The Professional Lighting And Sound Association
UK
500+
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive
Separation of powers
three
the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws
abuse of power
separation of powers
Montesquieu
Montesquieu
John Locke
the framers of the United States Constitution
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes
The United Kingdom
parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government
King ("His Majesty's Government")
U.S. Constitution
the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature
the nondelegation doctrine
Clinton v. City of New York
1998
Congress
nondelegation doctrine
Clinton v. City of New York
1998
Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825)
1825
John Marshall
unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers
Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42
John Marshall
1930s
National Recovery Administration
1930s
1930s
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy
Ambassadors and Public Ministers
quasi-judicial
direct Congressional oversight
War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission
the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states
"take care that the laws be faithfully executed"
Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission
performance of their duties
Supreme Court
1983
23 majority
Supreme Court
a court's judges
The judges
constitutional courts
Judicial power
president with the advice and consent of the Senate
the Senate
legislative courts
the judicial power of the United States
two houses of Congress
Either house or both houses
The Vice President
appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent
appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent
the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States
the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se
a majority vote of the Senate
The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury v. Madison
only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation
Congress
Congress
The Chief Justice
James Madison
51
Civil War
two
twelve bills
twelve
Andrew Jackson
fifteen
Tenure of Office Act
Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland
Theodore Roosevelt
Congress
national security
checks and balances
the Congress and in the states the legislatures
Florida Supreme Court
The State of New Hampshire
architectura
architectura
Architecture
Architectural works
architectural achievements
Latin
process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures
buildings and other physical structures
art
Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements
De architectura
Roman architect Vitruvius
early 1st century AD
firmitas, utilitas, venustas
De architectura
Roman architect Vitruvius
Roman architect
firmitas, utilitas, venustas
firmness, commodity and delight
16th century
Vasari
Italian, French, Spanish and English
Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti
an inherent part of an object
human figure
16th century
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
1836
Contrasts
1836
neo-medieval world
Gothic
John Ruskin
John Ruskin
English art critic
1849
mental health, power, and pleasure
not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"
adorned
adorned
string courses or rustication
20th
Le Corbusier
Architecture
20th-century
the renowned 20th-century architect
Architecture
"function"
aesthetic, psychological and cultural
Vitruvius
practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural
structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism
rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, and phenomenology
phenomenology
modern architects
empiricism
late 20th century
sustainable architecture
satisfy the contemporary ethos
non-sustainable
shelter, security, worship
developed and knowledge
a craft
architecture
attendant skills
vernacular
urbanization
trial and error
vernacular
rural
rural
very rapidly
Egypt and Mesopotamia
Egypt and Mesopotamia
political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself
the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself
Kao Gong Ji
China
7th–5th centuries BCE
Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra
Kao Gong Ji
pantheistic
Buddhist
3rd century BCE
macrocosm and the microcosm
the Shastras
Buddhist
pantheistic
European architecture of the Medieval period
7th century CE
Byzantium
religious and social
pointed arch
abbeys and cathedrals
abbeys and cathedrals
clerics and tradesmen
pan-European
Romanesque
900 CE
the Medieval period
the Medieval period
Renaissance Humanism
Medieval period
greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society
artist, architect and engineer
functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic
form, space and ambience
form, space and ambience
Nunzia Rondanini
aesthetic dimension
social life
social development
aesthetic dimension
art for art's sake
a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality
perfection or originality
civic
religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged
civic
Architectural "style"
ancient time
specific formal prescriptions or canons
canons
1st-century BCE Roman Architect
religious
guilds
ecclesiastical buildings
relation to ecclesiastical buildings
Magister lathomorum
proportions and structure
an artist
scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering
technical aspects of building design
gentleman architect
the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility
offices of other architects
mass production and consumption
Aesthetics
ornamented products
pattern books and architectural journals
current architectural design
20th
revivalist
1907
produce better quality machine made objects
Bauhaus school
avant-garde
middle and working classes
middle and working classes
functionalist details
functionalist details
Frank Lloyd Wright
Robie House and Fallingwater
aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater
Industrial Revolution
steel-frame
International Style
an aesthetic epitomized
Minoru Yamasaki
decorative richness
Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen
expressive sculptural facades
Eero Saarinen
metaphoric architecture
biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture
metaphoric architecture
expressionist architecture
late 1950s and 1960s
modernism
human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents
Robert Venturi
ducks
1980s
one person
Modernism and Postmodernism
The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system
the environment
Frank Lloyd Wright
Buckminster Fuller
U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture
solitary
modernist and globally uniform architecture and New Classical Architecture
modernist and globally uniform architecture
life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators
longer
Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq
Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq
longer
2010
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality
maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality
1990
Sen
people-centered
1990
Life expectancy
Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools throughout his life
Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life
Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
United Nations Development Programme
December 14, 2015
2014
July 24, 2014
2013
a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."
measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account
Countries
very high human development
the lack of necessary data
Tuvalu
March 14, 2013
2012
measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account
Countries
Countries
2011
Countries
Countries
unavailability of certain crucial data
United Nations Member States
November 4, 2010
2010
income, life expectancy, and education
Countries
unavailability of certain crucial data
United Nations Member States
High Human Development country
October 5, 2009
2007
"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development"
"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development"
as developed countries
a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication
new index
an accompanying Human Development Report
2006
November 27, 2007
"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world."
2005
2005
Braslia, Brazil
high income countries
0.5
Africa
119th and 121st
119th and 121st
Gabon and South Africa
0.8
Southeast Asia
Saudi Arabia
red arrows
green arrows
Blue dashes
Norway
Iceland
national performance and ranking
Western
global
national performance and ranking
three
2010
The Economist
169
169
Mediterranean Europe
Iberian peninsula
Balkan
southern
political, economic, and cultural attributes
political, economic, and cultural attributes
Mediterranean
Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions
dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees
mountain ranges of Spain and Italy
mountain ranges of Spain and Italy
Atlantic climate
Mediterranean Region
Armen Takhtajan
classical antiquity
city-states
Alexander the Great
Rome
Constantinople
Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire
AD 476
300 AD
Byzantine Empire
Germanic peoples
kingdoms and empires of their own
Crusades
1204
Genoa and Venice
Reconquista
Byzantine Empire
the Black Death
demographic catastrophe
the Ottoman Empire
1453
Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence
Florence
traditional doctrines
classical Greek and Roman
Portugal and Spain
1648
Spain and France
Galileo Galilei
Guglielmo Marconi
The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain
Industrial Revolution of Great Britain
subsistence agriculture
Industrial Revolution of Great Britain
1815 and 1871
Ottoman Empire
1870
The Age of Empire
1914
1914
Paris Peace Conference
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Italy
Mussolini
Warsaw Pact
European Union
the division of powers
1989
1991
2013
the Romance languages
San Marino, and the Vatican
eastern Spain
Galician
40 million
Greek language are widely spoken in Greece and in the Greek part of Cyprus
Cyprus
Macedonian
Bulgarian is spoken
Slovenia
English
Malta
Gibraltar
Maltese
Semitic
northern Spain and southwestern France
Christianity
380 AD
The predominant religion
Greek Orthodox
sub-regions
assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations
the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN)
Tourism Decision Metrics
Tourism Decision Metrics
BBC Television
the terms of a Royal charter
1932
2 November 1936
United Kingdom
30%
television production companies
30 September 1929
Long Acre
30
June 1932
30 March 1930
16 Portland Place
telephone line
electromechanical
16 Portland Place
22 August 1932
VHF band
VHF
240
405
1 October 1936
six months
mechanical camera
Saturday 13 February 1937
40 kilometres
1938
RCA
British television set
Brookmans Park
2 August 1932
Opening of the BBC Television Service
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
September 1939
the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London
radar programme
the end of the cartoon
before the end of the cartoon
18,999
Jasmine Bligh
7 June 1946
Lime Grove Studios
Jasmine Bligh
Birmingham
Sutton Coldfield transmitting station
transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF
405
The BBC Television Service
ITV
Doctor who
genres
BBC2
ITV
a massive power failure
Battersea Power Station
Denis Tuohy
BBC Two
15 November 1969
soap opera or standard news programming
Sir David Attenborough
heavyweight documentaries and documentary series
1967
1967
2
CBBC
BBC Natural History Unit
1950s
Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet
fifteen
other nations of the United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have been granted more autonomy from the English network
BBC One and BBC Two
local news programmes of local importance
Patrick Kielty Almost Live
River City
Gaelic
the popular Erpa and D a-nis
Patrick Kielty Almost Live
25%
The Simpsons
Neighbours
teletext
1974
BBCi service
March 2003
Astra 2D
the BBC £85 million over the next five years
£85 million
Western Europe
Hollywood studios and sporting organisations
Hollywood studios and sporting organisations
Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football
5 July 2004
the Television Newsreel
the newsreel format of the first BBC Television News bulletins, to the 24-hour, worldwide news coverage available in 2004
Little Angels
Jana Bennett
new, much larger group
new media outlets and technology
November 2008
November 2008
Keeping Up Appearances
nearly 1000 times
BBC Worldwide
annually
by advertisements and subscription
2013
Danny Cohen
commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting
after its Japanese distributor folded
April 2006
a general entertainment channel
July 30, 1947
Alois Schwarzenegger
two terms
15
seven
sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian
20
Arnie
2011
Democrat Phil Angelides
Democrat Phil Angelides
January 5, 2007
Thal
Arnold
Gustav Schwarzenegger
christened Arnold Alois
Meinhard
refrigerator
Olympic lifting
Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller
police officer
Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller
1971
Patrick
he was training for a bodybuilding contest
Barbara Baker
Fortune
Mr. Universe
military prison
1966
London
Reg Park
a health club (Rolf Putziger's gym
three
Rolf Putziger
21, speaking little English
10
New York
Ric Drasin
LA Weekly
Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder
Santa Monica College
Transcendental Meditation
anxiety
Arnold Classic
many years
$250,000
executive editor
Junior Mr. Europe
eighth
half an hour
Munich stone-lifting contest
1969
Sergio Oliva
1970
23
Franco Columbu
1975
Franco Columbu
Pumping Iron
three months
Jeff Bridges
Conan
seven
seventh
1977
Dr. Willi Heepe
US$10,000
The Globe
Hercules
Arnold Strong
Robert Altman
New Male Star of the Year
early struggles
1991
1950s
The Incredible Hulk
The Villain
Conan the Destroyer
1984
James Cameron
Sylvester Stallone
1987
Twins
$10 million
Christmas in Connecticut
Tales from the Crypt
Terminator 2: Judgment Day
National Association of Theatre  owners
comedy drama True Lies
Golden Globe nomination
$150 million
82
Forum Stadtpark
The Kid & I
Governator
Stan Lee
World War II action drama with Wings as Eagles
Randall Wallace
May 20, 2011
10 years
Escape Plan
Terminator Genisys
2015
2004
Stop the Madness
1988
then-Vice President George H.W. Bush
Conan the Republican
1999
The Hollywood Reporter
August 6, 2003
several
55.4%
Bustamante
1.3 million
31%
John G. Downey
Democratic State
Democratic State
November
four
Democrat, Susan Kennedy
Democrat Phil Angelides
San Francisco
United States Senate
Leigh
Sargent Shriver
The Simpsons Movie
1983
Austrian
McCain
Giuliani
environment and economy
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics
89%
89%
Gropegate
several individual women
Los Angeles Times
a hotel elevator
GQ
marijuana
Anna Richardson
The 6th Day
The 6th Day
1968
Peter Pilz
September 27, 2006
refineries
2020
Northeast
solar panels
2009
the Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Detroit
Article II
New York Post
Columbia University
index cards
30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood
fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu
San Fernando earthquake
$10,000
Planet Hollywood
early 2000
Hard Rock Cafe
Dimensional Fund Advisors
Columbus
Oak Productions
Simon & Schuster
Schatzi On Main
Santa Monica
"little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling"
1998
2011
$38 million
1977
their respective recollection of events can differ
Apollo Moon
Sue Moray
Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament
August 1978
niece
Hyannis
four
Heather Milligan
25 years
Los Angeles Times
20
Joseph
2010
Bob Kaufman
Schwarzenegger
spousal support
Brigitte Nielsen
Schwarzenegger
1997
Patrick
broken bone
Sun Valley, Idaho
Van Nuys Airport
by using a tailor's tape measure on the Governor
Herb Wesson
5'10
Total Recall
The Secret
October 2012
1992
a street-legal
dark brown
6,300 lb (2,900 kg)
US$21,000
California Hydrogen Highway Network
Department of Energy
Inner City Games Foundation
Shanghai
over 400
USC Sol Price School of Public Policy
2012
chairman
about 37 miles (60 km) south-west
190 miles
Cornwall
Devon
the west
Mount Batten
Plymouth Colony
1620
between 1642 and 1646
Plymouth Colony
Devonport
1928
Plymouth Blitz
1967
East Stonehouse
261,546
30th
three
Santander
HMNB Devonport
Geographia
Mount Batten
mouth/estuaries of the Tamar
11th century
south town
1211
King Henry VI
mouth of the River Plym
1340
Breton raiders
1596
Sutton pool
1512
Atlantic
Sir Francis Drake
1588
1620
Plymouth Colony
Parliamentarians
almost four years
Freedom Fields Park
1660
Drake's Island
18th century
17th century
1690
River Tamar
318
3,000
Stoke Damerel
timber
Devonport
Stonehouse
John Foulston
Union Street
William Cookworthy
1768
Local chemist
John Smeaton
1-mile-long (2 km)
John Rennie
1812
1812
the outskirts of Devonport
phosphate Aside
Devonport
Scapa Flow
escort vessels and repairs
Mount Batten
Royal Australian Air Force
Royal Australian Air Force
59
more than 1,000
3,700
Sir Patrick Abercrombie
over 1000
20,000
1962
grade II
Ark Royal
1971
Ark Royal
Domesday Book
1086
Sudtone
1254
1439
Nancy Astor
Plymouth Sutton
18 October 1928
1935
Plymstock
war-torn
Secretary of State for Education
Secretary of State for Education
Labour party
Plymouth
250,000
The 1971 Local Government White Paper
Tamarside
1 April 1974
Banham Commission
South West England
Gary Streeter
Conservative
Moor View
20
57
a third of the council is up for election for three consecutive years
Brest
2001
King George V
six
Lord Mayor
King George V
3 Elliot Terrace
Lady Astor
Armada Way
June 2007
£40m
River Tamar
River Plym
Cornwall
the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound
1967
Cattewater
1814
Drake's Island
30.83
155
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Lower Devonian slates
granite
Upper Devonian slates
its geology
West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford
Dartmoor
Tamar
Cattedown
limestone
27 April 1944
Sir Patrick Abercrombie
Union Street
Barcelona-based architect David MacKay
28
temperate oceanic
11 °C (52 °F)
February
20
19 °C (66 °F)
Atlantic depressions
autumn
980 millimetres
November
south-west
1,600
South West
26.6 °C
June 1976
4.25
26.6 °C
June 1976
25,895
25,895
3,000
£160 million
1992
University of St Mark & St John
teacher training
College of Art
approximately 26,000
153
four
two
71
13
three
Plymouth College
Plymouth College
a new college opened in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich
1880
Dockyard Technical College
1959
University of Southampton
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
National Marine Aquarium
Plymouth University's Marine Institute
Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership
National Marine Aquarium
256,384
256,384
256,384
2.3
0.5%
25%
2,169 million GBP
£19,943
£19,943
7.0%
26.2%
78.3 years
82.1
lowest
over 12,000
7,500
1930s
Plymouth Gin Distillery
1930s
10%
Devonport Dockyard
270
500
Devonport Dockyard
Pannier Market
1959
29th
The Tinside pool
£3.4 million
"Vision for Plymouth"
David Mackay
Plymouth Chamber of Commerce
300,000
33,000
October 2006
October 2006
on wasteland at Cattedown
RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture
David Mackay
the Bretonside bus station
demolition of the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment
Millbay
The Parkway
40 miles
Tamar Bridge
Plymouth City Airport
First South West
Brittany Ferries
Roscoff
MV Armorique
Stonehouse
1204
Plymouth City Airport
6
2018
FlyPlymouth
1877
Great Western Railway
Cornish Main Line
Three MPs from the three main political parties in the region have lobbied that the train services are vital to its economy
CrossCountry network
4 February 2014
40 metres (130 ft)
4 April 2014
February 2014
150
1858
St Andrew's
St Andrew's (Anglican)
twenty
Moses the Jew
1762
Listed grade II
Ashkenazi Synagogue
58.1%
0.8%
doubled
58.1%
-16% and -7%
1815
Charlie Chaplin
30
Charlie Chaplin
British Firework Championships
August 2006
Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth
University of Plymouth
1992
1,315
200
six galleries
six
1961 to 2009
BBC South West
ITV West Country
16 February 2009
ITV West Country
Pirate FM
Football League Two
fourth tier
Home Park
The Pilgrims
Vospers Oak Villa F.C
Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club
Plymouth Raiders
1875
British Basketball League
1983
1823
September 2011
nine
1973
South West Water
24 April 1591
River Meavy
1801
Plymouth City Council
South West Water
Western Power Distribution
2009
cycle gas-powered
1836
Camel's Head, Crownhill, Greenbank, Plympton and Plymstock
five
Millbay Docks
Devon and Cornwall Constabulary
Derriford Hospital
6
Royal Eye Infirmary
South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
Exeter
2007
crematoria and chapels
Drake Memorial Park
graves
2007
1666
English Civil War
1759
23
Armada Memorial
the Barbican
1620
Mayflower Steps
400
100
Crownhill Fort
northern
the Landmark Trust
west
70
south-east Cornwall
Kingsand
Tamar Valley
architect Henning Larsen
2008
University of Plymouth
University's Arts faculty
the city's central quarter
Plymothians
Plymothians
a person from Devon
Cousin Jan
The Elizabethan navigator
El Draco meaning "The Dragon"
1596
dysentery
Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds
Robert Lenkiewicz
Plymouth College of Art
Jazz
Keith Rowe
Trematon Castle
footballer
Canadian
Lyndon B. Johnson
The Right Stuff
comedian