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| <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_19.html#SEC374" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td> | |
| <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC387" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td> | |
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| <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> | |
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| <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> | |
| <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> | |
| <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td> | |
| <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td> | |
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| <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td> | |
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| <hr size="2"> | |
| <a name="Licenses"></a> | |
| <a name="SEC375"></a> | |
| <h1 class="appendix"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC369">C. Licenses</a> </h1> | |
| <p>The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each | |
| particular file or directory. Here is a summary: | |
| </p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| The <code>libintl</code> and <code>libasprintf</code> libraries are covered by the | |
| GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). | |
| A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC380">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>. | |
| </li><li> | |
| The executable programs of this package and the <code>libgettextpo</code> library | |
| are covered by the GNU General Public License (GPL). | |
| A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC376">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>. | |
| </li><li> | |
| This manual is free documentation. It is dually licensed under the | |
| GNU FDL and the GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this | |
| manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice. | |
| <br> | |
| This manual is covered by the GNU FDL. Permission is granted to copy, | |
| distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the | |
| GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the | |
| License, or (at your option) any later version published by the | |
| Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no | |
| Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts. | |
| A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC385">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. | |
| <br> | |
| This manual is covered by the GNU GPL. You can redistribute it and/or | |
| modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), either | |
| version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published | |
| by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). | |
| A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC376">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>. | |
| </li></ul> | |
| <a name="GNU-GPL"></a> | |
| <a name="SEC376"></a> | |
| <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC370">C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a> </h2> | |
| <p align="center"> Version 2, June 1991 | |
| </p> | |
| <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="display">Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
| 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | |
| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
| of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
| </pre></td></tr></table> | |
| <a name="SEC377"></a> | |
| <h2 class="heading"> Preamble </h2> | |
| <p> The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
| freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
| License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
| software—to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | |
| General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | |
| Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | |
| using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | |
| the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | |
| your programs, too. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
| price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
| have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
| this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | |
| if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | |
| in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
| anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
| These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
| distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
| gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
| you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
| source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | |
| rights. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
| (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
| distribute and/or modify the software. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
| that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
| software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
| want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
| that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
| authors' reputations. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | |
| patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | |
| program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | |
| program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | |
| patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
| modification follow. | |
| </p> | |
| <a name="SEC378"></a> | |
| <h2 class="heading"> TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION </h2> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| This License applies to any program or other work which contains | |
| a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | |
| under the terms of this General Public License. The “Program”, below, | |
| refers to any such program or work, and a “work based on the Program” | |
| means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | |
| that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | |
| either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | |
| language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | |
| the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”. | |
| <p>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | |
| covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | |
| running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | |
| is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | |
| Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | |
| Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | |
| source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | |
| conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | |
| copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | |
| notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | |
| and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | |
| along with the Program. | |
| <p>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | |
| you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | |
| of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | |
| distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | |
| above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | |
| stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | |
| </li><li> | |
| You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | |
| whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | |
| part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | |
| parties under the terms of this License. | |
| </li><li> | |
| If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | |
| when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | |
| interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | |
| announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | |
| notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | |
| a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | |
| these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | |
| License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | |
| does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | |
| the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | |
| </li></ol> | |
| <p>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | |
| identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | |
| and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | |
| themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | |
| sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | |
| distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | |
| on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | |
| this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | |
| entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | |
| your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | |
| exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | |
| collective works based on the Program. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | |
| with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | |
| a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | |
| the scope of this License. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | |
| under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
| Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
| source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | |
| 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
| </li><li> | |
| Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
| years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | |
| cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | |
| machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | |
| distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | |
| customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
| </li><li> | |
| Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | |
| to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | |
| allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
| received the program in object code or executable form with such | |
| an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | |
| </li></ol> | |
| <p>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | |
| making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | |
| code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | |
| associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | |
| control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | |
| special exception, the source code distributed need not include | |
| anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | |
| form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | |
| operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | |
| itself accompanies the executable. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | |
| access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | |
| access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | |
| distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | |
| compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | |
| except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
| otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | |
| void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
| However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | |
| this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
| parties remain in full compliance. | |
| </li><li> | |
| You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
| signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
| distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | |
| prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
| modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | |
| Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
| all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
| the Program or works based on it. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
| Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | |
| original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | |
| these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
| restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
| You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | |
| this License. | |
| </li><li> | |
| If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
| infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
| conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
| otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
| excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
| distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
| License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
| may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | |
| license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | |
| all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
| the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
| refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | |
| <p>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | |
| any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | |
| apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | |
| circumstances. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
| patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
| such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
| integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | |
| implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
| generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
| through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
| system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
| to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
| impose that choice. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
| be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | |
| certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
| original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | |
| may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | |
| those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | |
| countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | |
| the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | |
| </li><li> | |
| The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
| of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
| be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
| address new problems or concerns. | |
| <p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
| specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and “any | |
| later version”, you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
| either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
| Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
| this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
| Foundation. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
| programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
| to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
| Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
| make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
| of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
| of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
| </li><li> | |
| BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
| FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN | |
| OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
| PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
| OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
| MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
| TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE | |
| PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
| REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
| </li><li> | |
| IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | |
| WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
| REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
| INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | |
| OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | |
| TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | |
| YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
| PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | |
| POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
| </li></ol> | |
| <a name="SEC379"></a> | |
| <h2 class="heading"> Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs </h2> | |
| <p> If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
| possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
| free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
| to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
| convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | |
| the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
| </p> | |
| <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample"><var>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</var> | |
| Copyright (C) <var>yyyy</var> <var>name of author</var> | |
| This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
| it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
| the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | |
| (at your option) any later version. | |
| This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
| but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
| MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
| GNU General Public License for more details. | |
| You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
| along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
| Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
| </pre></td></tr></table> | |
| <p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
| when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
| </p> | |
| <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample">Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var> | |
| Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. | |
| This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it | |
| under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. | |
| </pre></td></tr></table> | |
| <p>The hypothetical commands ‘<samp>show w</samp>’ and ‘<samp>show c</samp>’ should show | |
| the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | |
| commands you use may be called something other than ‘<samp>show w</samp>’ and | |
| ‘<samp>show c</samp>’; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items—whatever | |
| suits your program. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
| school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if | |
| necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
| </p> | |
| <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program | |
| `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. | |
| <var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1989 | |
| Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
| </pre></td></tr></table> | |
| <p>This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | |
| proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | |
| consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | |
| library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General | |
| Public License instead of this License. | |
| </p> | |
| <a name="GNU-LGPL"></a> | |
| <a name="SEC380"></a> | |
| <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC371">C.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a> </h2> | |
| <p align="center"> Version 2.1, February 1999 | |
| </p> | |
| <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="display">Copyright © 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
| 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | |
| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
| of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
| [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts | |
| as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the | |
| version number 2.1.] | |
| </pre></td></tr></table> | |
| <a name="SEC381"></a> | |
| <h3 class="subheading"> Preamble </h3> | |
| <p> The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
| freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
| Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change | |
| free software—to make sure the software is free for all its users. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some | |
| specially designated software—typically libraries—of the Free | |
| Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use | |
| it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this | |
| license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to | |
| use in any particular case, based on the explanations below. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, | |
| not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that | |
| you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge | |
| for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get | |
| it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it | |
| in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these | |
| things. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
| distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these | |
| rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for | |
| you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it. | |
| </p> | |
| <p> For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis | |
| or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave | |
| you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source | |
| code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide | |
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| <a name="SEC385"></a> | |
| <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC372">C.3 GNU Free Documentation License</a> </h2> | |
| <p align="center"> Version 1.2, November 2002 | |
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| </li><li> | |
| APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
| <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that | |
| contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
| distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
| world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
| work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, | |
| refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
| licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you | |
| copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
| under copyright law. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the | |
| Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
| modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section | |
| of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
| publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall | |
| subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall | |
| directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in | |
| part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain | |
| any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
| connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
| commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
| them. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
| are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
| that says that the Document is released under this License. If a | |
| section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
| allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
| Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
| Sections then there are none. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
| as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
| the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may | |
| be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
| represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
| general public, that is suitable for revising the document | |
| straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
| pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
| drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
| for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
| to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
| format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart | |
| or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
| An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
| of text. A copy that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
| <small>ASCII</small> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input | |
| format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available | |
| <acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym>, | |
| PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> designed for human modification. Examples | |
| of transparent image formats include <acronym>PNG</acronym>, <acronym>XCF</acronym> and | |
| <acronym>JPG</acronym>. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be | |
| read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or | |
| <acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are | |
| not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>, | |
| PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for | |
| output purposes only. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
| plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
| this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
| formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means | |
| the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
| preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
| title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
| text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
| specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, | |
| “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” | |
| of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
| section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
| states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
| Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
| License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
| implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
| no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| VERBATIM COPYING | |
| <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
| commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
| copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
| to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
| conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
| technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
| copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
| compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
| number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
| you may publicly display copies. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
| <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have | |
| printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
| Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
| copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
| Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
| the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
| you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
| the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
| visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
| Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
| the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
| as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
| legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
| reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
| pages. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
| more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
| copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
| a computer-network location from which the general network-using | |
| public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
| a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
| If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
| when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
| that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
| location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
| Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
| edition to the public. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
| Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
| them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| MODIFICATIONS | |
| <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
| the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
| the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
| Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
| and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
| of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
| </p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
| from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
| (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
| of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
| if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | |
| </li><li> | |
| List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
| responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
| Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
| Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | |
| unless they release you from this requirement. | |
| </li><li> | |
| State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
| Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
| adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
| giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
| terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
| and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add | |
| to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
| publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
| there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one | |
| stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
| given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
| Version as stated in the previous sentence. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
| public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
| the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
| it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. | |
| You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
| least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
| publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | |
| </li><li> | |
| For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve | |
| the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the | |
| substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or | |
| dedications given therein. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
| unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
| or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section | |
| may not be included in the Modified Version. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or | |
| to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | |
| </li><li> | |
| Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
| </li></ol> | |
| <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
| appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
| copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
| of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
| list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
| These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains | |
| nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
| parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
| been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
| standard. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
| passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
| of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
| Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
| through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
| includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
| by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
| you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
| permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
| give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
| imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
| <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
| License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
| versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
| Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
| list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
| license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
| multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
| copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
| different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
| adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
| author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
| Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
| Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” | |
| in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
| “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, | |
| and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all | |
| sections Entitled “Endorsements.” | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
| <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
| released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
| License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
| the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
| verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
| it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
| License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
| other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
| <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
| and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
| distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright | |
| resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
| of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
| When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
| apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
| derivative works of the Document. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
| copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of | |
| the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
| covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
| electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
| Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
| aggregate. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| TRANSLATION | |
| <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
| distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
| Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
| permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
| translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
| original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
| translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | |
| Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
| the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
| of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
| the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
| or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, | |
| “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
| its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
| title. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| TERMINATION | |
| <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
| as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
| copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
| automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
| parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
| License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
| parties remain in full compliance. | |
| </p> | |
| </li><li> | |
| FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
| <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
| of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
| versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
| differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
| <a href="https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
| If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
| License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of | |
| following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
| of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
| Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
| number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
| as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
| </p></li></ol> | |
| <a name="SEC386"></a> | |
| <h2 class="heading"> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </h2> | |
| <p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
| license notices just after the title page: | |
| </p> | |
| <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>. | |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 | |
| or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
| with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover | |
| Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
| Free Documentation License''. | |
| </pre></td></tr></table> | |
| <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | |
| replace the “with…Texts.” line with this: | |
| </p> | |
| <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with | |
| the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts | |
| being <var>list</var>. | |
| </pre></td></tr></table> | |
| <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | |
| combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
| situation. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
| free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
| to permit their use in free software. | |
| </p> | |
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