Spaces:
Running
Running
This is libgomp.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from | |
libgomp.texi. | |
Copyright (C) 2006-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or | |
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the | |
Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover texts | |
being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see | |
below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU | |
Free Documentation License". | |
(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: | |
A GNU Manual | |
(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: | |
You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU | |
software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds | |
for GNU development. | |
INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU Libraries | |
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY | |
* libgomp: (libgomp). GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library. | |
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY | |
This manual documents libgomp, the GNU Offloading and Multi | |
Processing Runtime library. This is the GNU implementation of the | |
OpenMP and OpenACC APIs for parallel and accelerator programming in | |
C/C++ and Fortran. | |
Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin Street, Fifth | |
Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA | |
Copyright (C) 2006-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or | |
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the | |
Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover texts | |
being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see | |
below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU | |
Free Documentation License". | |
(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: | |
A GNU Manual | |
(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: | |
You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU | |
software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds | |
for GNU development. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Top, Next: Enabling OpenMP, Up: (dir) | |
Introduction | |
************ | |
This manual documents the usage of libgomp, the GNU Offloading and Multi | |
Processing Runtime Library. This includes the GNU implementation of the | |
OpenMP (https://www.openmp.org) Application Programming Interface (API) | |
for multi-platform shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and | |
Fortran, and the GNU implementation of the OpenACC | |
(https://www.openacc.org) Application Programming Interface (API) for | |
offloading of code to accelerator devices in C/C++ and Fortran. | |
Originally, libgomp implemented the GNU OpenMP Runtime Library. | |
Based on this, support for OpenACC and offloading (both OpenACC and | |
OpenMP 4's target construct) has been added later on, and the library's | |
name changed to GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library. | |
* Menu: | |
* Enabling OpenMP:: How to enable OpenMP for your applications. | |
* OpenMP Runtime Library Routines: Runtime Library Routines. | |
The OpenMP runtime application programming | |
interface. | |
* OpenMP Environment Variables: Environment Variables. | |
Influencing OpenMP runtime behavior with | |
environment variables. | |
* Enabling OpenACC:: How to enable OpenACC for your | |
applications. | |
* OpenACC Runtime Library Routines:: The OpenACC runtime application | |
programming interface. | |
* OpenACC Environment Variables:: Influencing OpenACC runtime behavior with | |
environment variables. | |
* CUDA Streams Usage:: Notes on the implementation of | |
asynchronous operations. | |
* OpenACC Library Interoperability:: OpenACC library interoperability with the | |
NVIDIA CUBLAS library. | |
* OpenACC Profiling Interface:: | |
* The libgomp ABI:: Notes on the external ABI presented by libgomp. | |
* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs in the GNU Offloading and | |
Multi Processing Runtime Library. | |
* Copying:: GNU general public license says | |
how you can copy and share libgomp. | |
* GNU Free Documentation License:: | |
How you can copy and share this manual. | |
* Funding:: How to help assure continued work for free | |
software. | |
* Library Index:: Index of this documentation. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Enabling OpenMP, Next: Runtime Library Routines, Up: Top | |
1 Enabling OpenMP | |
***************** | |
To activate the OpenMP extensions for C/C++ and Fortran, the | |
compile-time flag '-fopenmp' must be specified. This enables the OpenMP | |
directive '#pragma omp' in C/C++ and '!$omp' directives in free form, | |
'c$omp', '*$omp' and '!$omp' directives in fixed form, '!$' conditional | |
compilation sentinels in free form and 'c$', '*$' and '!$' sentinels in | |
fixed form, for Fortran. The flag also arranges for automatic linking | |
of the OpenMP runtime library (*note Runtime Library Routines::). | |
A complete description of all OpenMP directives accepted may be found | |
in the OpenMP Application Program Interface (https://www.openmp.org) | |
manual, version 4.5. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Runtime Library Routines, Next: Environment Variables, Prev: Enabling OpenMP, Up: Top | |
2 OpenMP Runtime Library Routines | |
********************************* | |
The runtime routines described here are defined by Section 3 of the | |
OpenMP specification in version 4.5. The routines are structured in | |
following three parts: | |
* Menu: | |
Control threads, processors and the parallel environment. They have C | |
linkage, and do not throw exceptions. | |
* omp_get_active_level:: Number of active parallel regions | |
* omp_get_ancestor_thread_num:: Ancestor thread ID | |
* omp_get_cancellation:: Whether cancellation support is enabled | |
* omp_get_default_device:: Get the default device for target regions | |
* omp_get_dynamic:: Dynamic teams setting | |
* omp_get_initial_device:: Device number of host device | |
* omp_get_level:: Number of parallel regions | |
* omp_get_max_active_levels:: Current maximum number of active regions | |
* omp_get_max_task_priority:: Maximum task priority value that can be set | |
* omp_get_max_threads:: Maximum number of threads of parallel region | |
* omp_get_nested:: Nested parallel regions | |
* omp_get_num_devices:: Number of target devices | |
* omp_get_num_procs:: Number of processors online | |
* omp_get_num_teams:: Number of teams | |
* omp_get_num_threads:: Size of the active team | |
* omp_get_proc_bind:: Whether theads may be moved between CPUs | |
* omp_get_schedule:: Obtain the runtime scheduling method | |
* omp_get_supported_active_levels:: Maximum number of active regions supported | |
* omp_get_team_num:: Get team number | |
* omp_get_team_size:: Number of threads in a team | |
* omp_get_thread_limit:: Maximum number of threads | |
* omp_get_thread_num:: Current thread ID | |
* omp_in_parallel:: Whether a parallel region is active | |
* omp_in_final:: Whether in final or included task region | |
* omp_is_initial_device:: Whether executing on the host device | |
* omp_set_default_device:: Set the default device for target regions | |
* omp_set_dynamic:: Enable/disable dynamic teams | |
* omp_set_max_active_levels:: Limits the number of active parallel regions | |
* omp_set_nested:: Enable/disable nested parallel regions | |
* omp_set_num_threads:: Set upper team size limit | |
* omp_set_schedule:: Set the runtime scheduling method | |
Initialize, set, test, unset and destroy simple and nested locks. | |
* omp_init_lock:: Initialize simple lock | |
* omp_set_lock:: Wait for and set simple lock | |
* omp_test_lock:: Test and set simple lock if available | |
* omp_unset_lock:: Unset simple lock | |
* omp_destroy_lock:: Destroy simple lock | |
* omp_init_nest_lock:: Initialize nested lock | |
* omp_set_nest_lock:: Wait for and set simple lock | |
* omp_test_nest_lock:: Test and set nested lock if available | |
* omp_unset_nest_lock:: Unset nested lock | |
* omp_destroy_nest_lock:: Destroy nested lock | |
Portable, thread-based, wall clock timer. | |
* omp_get_wtick:: Get timer precision. | |
* omp_get_wtime:: Elapsed wall clock time. | |
Support for event objects. | |
* omp_fulfill_event:: Fulfill and destroy an OpenMP event. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_active_level, Next: omp_get_ancestor_thread_num, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.1 'omp_get_active_level' - Number of parallel regions | |
======================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns the nesting level for the active parallel | |
blocks, which enclose the calling call. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_active_level(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_active_level()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_level::, *note omp_get_max_active_levels::, *note | |
omp_set_max_active_levels:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.20. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_ancestor_thread_num, Next: omp_get_cancellation, Prev: omp_get_active_level, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.2 'omp_get_ancestor_thread_num' - Ancestor thread ID | |
====================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns the thread identification number for the | |
given nesting level of the current thread. For values of LEVEL | |
outside zero to 'omp_get_level' -1 is returned; if LEVEL is | |
'omp_get_level' the result is identical to 'omp_get_thread_num'. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_ancestor_thread_num(int level);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_ancestor_thread_num(level)' | |
'integer level' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_level::, *note omp_get_thread_num::, *note | |
omp_get_team_size:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.18. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_cancellation, Next: omp_get_default_device, Prev: omp_get_ancestor_thread_num, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.3 'omp_get_cancellation' - Whether cancellation support is enabled | |
==================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns 'true' if cancellation is activated, 'false' | |
otherwise. Here, 'true' and 'false' represent their | |
language-specific counterparts. Unless 'OMP_CANCELLATION' is set | |
true, cancellations are deactivated. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_cancellation(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_get_cancellation()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_CANCELLATION:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.9. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_default_device, Next: omp_get_dynamic, Prev: omp_get_cancellation, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.4 'omp_get_default_device' - Get the default device for target regions | |
======================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Get the default device for target regions without device clause. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_default_device(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_default_device()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE::, *note omp_set_default_device:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.30. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_dynamic, Next: omp_get_initial_device, Prev: omp_get_default_device, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.5 'omp_get_dynamic' - Dynamic teams setting | |
============================================= | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns 'true' if enabled, 'false' otherwise. Here, | |
'true' and 'false' represent their language-specific counterparts. | |
The dynamic team setting may be initialized at startup by the | |
'OMP_DYNAMIC' environment variable or at runtime using | |
'omp_set_dynamic'. If undefined, dynamic adjustment is disabled by | |
default. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_dynamic(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_get_dynamic()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_dynamic::, *note OMP_DYNAMIC:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.8. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_initial_device, Next: omp_get_level, Prev: omp_get_dynamic, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.6 'omp_get_initial_device' - Return device number of initial device | |
===================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns a device number that represents the host | |
device. For OpenMP 5.1, this must be equal to the value returned | |
by the 'omp_get_num_devices' function. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_initial_device(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_initial_device()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_num_devices:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.35. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_level, Next: omp_get_max_active_levels, Prev: omp_get_initial_device, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.7 'omp_get_level' - Obtain the current nesting level | |
====================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns the nesting level for the parallel blocks, | |
which enclose the calling call. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_level(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_level()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_active_level:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.17. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_max_active_levels, Next: omp_get_max_task_priority, Prev: omp_get_level, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.8 'omp_get_max_active_levels' - Current maximum number of active regions | |
========================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function obtains the maximum allowed number of nested, active | |
parallel regions. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_max_active_levels(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_max_active_levels()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_max_active_levels::, *note omp_get_active_level:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.16. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_max_task_priority, Next: omp_get_max_threads, Prev: omp_get_max_active_levels, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.9 'omp_get_max_task_priority' - Maximum priority value | |
======================================================== | |
that can be set for tasks. | |
_Description_: | |
This function obtains the maximum allowed priority number for | |
tasks. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_max_task_priority(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_max_task_priority()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.29. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_max_threads, Next: omp_get_nested, Prev: omp_get_max_task_priority, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.10 'omp_get_max_threads' - Maximum number of threads of parallel region | |
========================================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Return the maximum number of threads used for the current parallel | |
region that does not use the clause 'num_threads'. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_max_threads(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_max_threads()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_num_threads::, *note omp_set_dynamic::, *note | |
omp_get_thread_limit:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_nested, Next: omp_get_num_devices, Prev: omp_get_max_threads, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.11 'omp_get_nested' - Nested parallel regions | |
=============================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns 'true' if nested parallel regions are | |
enabled, 'false' otherwise. Here, 'true' and 'false' represent | |
their language-specific counterparts. | |
The state of nested parallel regions at startup depends on several | |
environment variables. If 'OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS' is defined and | |
is set to greater than one, then nested parallel regions will be | |
enabled. If not defined, then the value of the 'OMP_NESTED' | |
environment variable will be followed if defined. If neither are | |
defined, then if either 'OMP_NUM_THREADS' or 'OMP_PROC_BIND' are | |
defined with a list of more than one value, then nested parallel | |
regions are enabled. If none of these are defined, then nested | |
parallel regions are disabled by default. | |
Nested parallel regions can be enabled or disabled at runtime using | |
'omp_set_nested', or by setting the maximum number of nested | |
regions with 'omp_set_max_active_levels' to one to disable, or | |
above one to enable. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_nested(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_get_nested()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_max_active_levels::, *note omp_set_nested::, *note | |
OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS::, *note OMP_NESTED:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.11. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_num_devices, Next: omp_get_num_procs, Prev: omp_get_nested, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.12 'omp_get_num_devices' - Number of target devices | |
===================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Returns the number of target devices. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_num_devices(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_num_devices()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.31. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_num_procs, Next: omp_get_num_teams, Prev: omp_get_num_devices, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.13 'omp_get_num_procs' - Number of processors online | |
====================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Returns the number of processors online on that device. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_num_procs(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_num_procs()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.5. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_num_teams, Next: omp_get_num_threads, Prev: omp_get_num_procs, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.14 'omp_get_num_teams' - Number of teams | |
========================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Returns the number of teams in the current team region. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_num_teams(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_num_teams()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.32. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_num_threads, Next: omp_get_proc_bind, Prev: omp_get_num_teams, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.15 'omp_get_num_threads' - Size of the active team | |
==================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Returns the number of threads in the current team. In a sequential | |
section of the program 'omp_get_num_threads' returns 1. | |
The default team size may be initialized at startup by the | |
'OMP_NUM_THREADS' environment variable. At runtime, the size of | |
the current team may be set either by the 'NUM_THREADS' clause or | |
by 'omp_set_num_threads'. If none of the above were used to define | |
a specific value and 'OMP_DYNAMIC' is disabled, one thread per CPU | |
online is used. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_num_threads(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_num_threads()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_max_threads::, *note omp_set_num_threads::, *note | |
OMP_NUM_THREADS:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.2. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_proc_bind, Next: omp_get_schedule, Prev: omp_get_num_threads, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.16 'omp_get_proc_bind' - Whether theads may be moved between CPUs | |
=================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This functions returns the currently active thread affinity policy, | |
which is set via 'OMP_PROC_BIND'. Possible values are | |
'omp_proc_bind_false', 'omp_proc_bind_true', | |
'omp_proc_bind_master', 'omp_proc_bind_close' and | |
'omp_proc_bind_spread'. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'omp_proc_bind_t omp_get_proc_bind(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer(kind=omp_proc_bind_kind) function | |
omp_get_proc_bind()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_PROC_BIND::, *note OMP_PLACES::, *note | |
GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY::, | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.22. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_schedule, Next: omp_get_supported_active_levels, Prev: omp_get_proc_bind, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.17 'omp_get_schedule' - Obtain the runtime scheduling method | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Obtain the runtime scheduling method. The KIND argument will be | |
set to the value 'omp_sched_static', 'omp_sched_dynamic', | |
'omp_sched_guided' or 'omp_sched_auto'. The second argument, | |
CHUNK_SIZE, is set to the chunk size. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_get_schedule(omp_sched_t *kind, int | |
*chunk_size);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_get_schedule(kind, chunk_size)' | |
'integer(kind=omp_sched_kind) kind' | |
'integer chunk_size' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_schedule::, *note OMP_SCHEDULE:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.13. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_supported_active_levels, Next: omp_get_team_num, Prev: omp_get_schedule, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.18 'omp_get_supported_active_levels' - Maximum number of active regions supported | |
=================================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns the maximum number of nested, active parallel | |
regions supported by this implementation. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_supported_active_levels(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_supported_active_levels()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_max_active_levels::, *note | |
omp_set_max_active_levels:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v5.0 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.15. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_team_num, Next: omp_get_team_size, Prev: omp_get_supported_active_levels, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.19 'omp_get_team_num' - Get team number | |
========================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Returns the team number of the calling thread. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_team_num(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_team_num()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.33. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_team_size, Next: omp_get_thread_limit, Prev: omp_get_team_num, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.20 'omp_get_team_size' - Number of threads in a team | |
====================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns the number of threads in a thread team to | |
which either the current thread or its ancestor belongs. For | |
values of LEVEL outside zero to 'omp_get_level', -1 is returned; if | |
LEVEL is zero, 1 is returned, and for 'omp_get_level', the result | |
is identical to 'omp_get_num_threads'. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_team_size(int level);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_team_size(level)' | |
'integer level' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_num_threads::, *note omp_get_level::, *note | |
omp_get_ancestor_thread_num:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.19. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_thread_limit, Next: omp_get_thread_num, Prev: omp_get_team_size, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.21 'omp_get_thread_limit' - Maximum number of threads | |
======================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Return the maximum number of threads of the program. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_thread_limit(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_thread_limit()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_max_threads::, *note OMP_THREAD_LIMIT:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.14. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_thread_num, Next: omp_in_parallel, Prev: omp_get_thread_limit, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.22 'omp_get_thread_num' - Current thread ID | |
============================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Returns a unique thread identification number within the current | |
team. In a sequential parts of the program, 'omp_get_thread_num' | |
always returns 0. In parallel regions the return value varies from | |
0 to 'omp_get_num_threads'-1 inclusive. The return value of the | |
master thread of a team is always 0. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_get_thread_num(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function omp_get_thread_num()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_num_threads::, *note omp_get_ancestor_thread_num:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.4. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_in_parallel, Next: omp_in_final, Prev: omp_get_thread_num, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.23 'omp_in_parallel' - Whether a parallel region is active | |
============================================================ | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns 'true' if currently running in parallel, | |
'false' otherwise. Here, 'true' and 'false' represent their | |
language-specific counterparts. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_in_parallel(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_in_parallel()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.6. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_in_final, Next: omp_is_initial_device, Prev: omp_in_parallel, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.24 'omp_in_final' - Whether in final or included task region | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns 'true' if currently running in a final or | |
included task region, 'false' otherwise. Here, 'true' and 'false' | |
represent their language-specific counterparts. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_in_final(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_in_final()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.21. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_is_initial_device, Next: omp_set_default_device, Prev: omp_in_final, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.25 'omp_is_initial_device' - Whether executing on the host device | |
=================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns 'true' if currently running on the host | |
device, 'false' otherwise. Here, 'true' and 'false' represent | |
their language-specific counterparts. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_is_initial_device(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_is_initial_device()' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.34. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_default_device, Next: omp_set_dynamic, Prev: omp_is_initial_device, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.26 'omp_set_default_device' - Set the default device for target regions | |
========================================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Set the default device for target regions without device clause. | |
The argument shall be a nonnegative device number. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_default_device(int device_num);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_default_device(device_num)' | |
'integer device_num' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE::, *note omp_get_default_device:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.29. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_dynamic, Next: omp_set_max_active_levels, Prev: omp_set_default_device, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.27 'omp_set_dynamic' - Enable/disable dynamic teams | |
===================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Enable or disable the dynamic adjustment of the number of threads | |
within a team. The function takes the language-specific equivalent | |
of 'true' and 'false', where 'true' enables dynamic adjustment of | |
team sizes and 'false' disables it. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_dynamic(int dynamic_threads);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_dynamic(dynamic_threads)' | |
'logical, intent(in) :: dynamic_threads' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_DYNAMIC::, *note omp_get_dynamic:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.7. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_max_active_levels, Next: omp_set_nested, Prev: omp_set_dynamic, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.28 'omp_set_max_active_levels' - Limits the number of active parallel regions | |
=============================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function limits the maximum allowed number of nested, active | |
parallel regions. MAX_LEVELS must be less or equal to the value | |
returned by 'omp_get_supported_active_levels'. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_max_active_levels(int max_levels);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_max_active_levels(max_levels)' | |
'integer max_levels' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_max_active_levels::, *note omp_get_active_level::, | |
*note omp_get_supported_active_levels:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.15. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_nested, Next: omp_set_num_threads, Prev: omp_set_max_active_levels, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.29 'omp_set_nested' - Enable/disable nested parallel regions | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Enable or disable nested parallel regions, i.e., whether team | |
members are allowed to create new teams. The function takes the | |
language-specific equivalent of 'true' and 'false', where 'true' | |
enables dynamic adjustment of team sizes and 'false' disables it. | |
Enabling nested parallel regions will also set the maximum number | |
of active nested regions to the maximum supported. Disabling | |
nested parallel regions will set the maximum number of active | |
nested regions to one. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_nested(int nested);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_nested(nested)' | |
'logical, intent(in) :: nested' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_nested::, *note omp_set_max_active_levels::, *note | |
OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS::, *note OMP_NESTED:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.10. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_num_threads, Next: omp_set_schedule, Prev: omp_set_nested, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.30 'omp_set_num_threads' - Set upper team size limit | |
====================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies the number of threads used by default in subsequent | |
parallel sections, if those do not specify a 'num_threads' clause. | |
The argument of 'omp_set_num_threads' shall be a positive integer. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_num_threads(int num_threads);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_num_threads(num_threads)' | |
'integer, intent(in) :: num_threads' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_NUM_THREADS::, *note omp_get_num_threads::, *note | |
omp_get_max_threads:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_schedule, Next: omp_init_lock, Prev: omp_set_num_threads, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.31 'omp_set_schedule' - Set the runtime scheduling method | |
=========================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Sets the runtime scheduling method. The KIND argument can have the | |
value 'omp_sched_static', 'omp_sched_dynamic', 'omp_sched_guided' | |
or 'omp_sched_auto'. Except for 'omp_sched_auto', the chunk size | |
is set to the value of CHUNK_SIZE if positive, or to the default | |
value if zero or negative. For 'omp_sched_auto' the CHUNK_SIZE | |
argument is ignored. | |
_C/C++_ | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_schedule(omp_sched_t kind, int | |
chunk_size);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_schedule(kind, chunk_size)' | |
'integer(kind=omp_sched_kind) kind' | |
'integer chunk_size' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_schedule:: *note OMP_SCHEDULE:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.2.12. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_init_lock, Next: omp_set_lock, Prev: omp_set_schedule, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.32 'omp_init_lock' - Initialize simple lock | |
============================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Initialize a simple lock. After initialization, the lock is in an | |
unlocked state. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_init_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_init_lock(svar)' | |
'integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(out) :: svar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_destroy_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_lock, Next: omp_test_lock, Prev: omp_init_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.33 'omp_set_lock' - Wait for and set simple lock | |
================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Before setting a simple lock, the lock variable must be initialized | |
by 'omp_init_lock'. The calling thread is blocked until the lock | |
is available. If the lock is already held by the current thread, a | |
deadlock occurs. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_lock(svar)' | |
'integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: svar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_init_lock::, *note omp_test_lock::, *note | |
omp_unset_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.4. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_test_lock, Next: omp_unset_lock, Prev: omp_set_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.34 'omp_test_lock' - Test and set simple lock if available | |
============================================================ | |
_Description_: | |
Before setting a simple lock, the lock variable must be initialized | |
by 'omp_init_lock'. Contrary to 'omp_set_lock', 'omp_test_lock' | |
does not block if the lock is not available. This function returns | |
'true' upon success, 'false' otherwise. Here, 'true' and 'false' | |
represent their language-specific counterparts. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_test_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_test_lock(svar)' | |
'integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: svar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_init_lock::, *note omp_set_lock::, *note omp_set_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.6. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_unset_lock, Next: omp_destroy_lock, Prev: omp_test_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.35 'omp_unset_lock' - Unset simple lock | |
========================================= | |
_Description_: | |
A simple lock about to be unset must have been locked by | |
'omp_set_lock' or 'omp_test_lock' before. In addition, the lock | |
must be held by the thread calling 'omp_unset_lock'. Then, the | |
lock becomes unlocked. If one or more threads attempted to set the | |
lock before, one of them is chosen to, again, set the lock to | |
itself. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_unset_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_unset_lock(svar)' | |
'integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: svar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_lock::, *note omp_test_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.5. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_destroy_lock, Next: omp_init_nest_lock, Prev: omp_unset_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.36 'omp_destroy_lock' - Destroy simple lock | |
============================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Destroy a simple lock. In order to be destroyed, a simple lock | |
must be in the unlocked state. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_destroy_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_destroy_lock(svar)' | |
'integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: svar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_init_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_init_nest_lock, Next: omp_set_nest_lock, Prev: omp_destroy_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.37 'omp_init_nest_lock' - Initialize nested lock | |
================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Initialize a nested lock. After initialization, the lock is in an | |
unlocked state and the nesting count is set to zero. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_init_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_init_nest_lock(nvar)' | |
'integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(out) :: nvar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_destroy_nest_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_set_nest_lock, Next: omp_test_nest_lock, Prev: omp_init_nest_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.38 'omp_set_nest_lock' - Wait for and set nested lock | |
======================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Before setting a nested lock, the lock variable must be initialized | |
by 'omp_init_nest_lock'. The calling thread is blocked until the | |
lock is available. If the lock is already held by the current | |
thread, the nesting count for the lock is incremented. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_set_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_set_nest_lock(nvar)' | |
'integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: nvar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_init_nest_lock::, *note omp_unset_nest_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.4. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_test_nest_lock, Next: omp_unset_nest_lock, Prev: omp_set_nest_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.39 'omp_test_nest_lock' - Test and set nested lock if available | |
================================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Before setting a nested lock, the lock variable must be initialized | |
by 'omp_init_nest_lock'. Contrary to 'omp_set_nest_lock', | |
'omp_test_nest_lock' does not block if the lock is not available. | |
If the lock is already held by the current thread, the new nesting | |
count is returned. Otherwise, the return value equals zero. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int omp_test_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'logical function omp_test_nest_lock(nvar)' | |
'integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: nvar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_init_lock::, *note omp_set_lock::, *note omp_set_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.6. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_unset_nest_lock, Next: omp_destroy_nest_lock, Prev: omp_test_nest_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.40 'omp_unset_nest_lock' - Unset nested lock | |
============================================== | |
_Description_: | |
A nested lock about to be unset must have been locked by | |
'omp_set_nested_lock' or 'omp_test_nested_lock' before. In | |
addition, the lock must be held by the thread calling | |
'omp_unset_nested_lock'. If the nesting count drops to zero, the | |
lock becomes unlocked. If one ore more threads attempted to set | |
the lock before, one of them is chosen to, again, set the lock to | |
itself. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_unset_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_unset_nest_lock(nvar)' | |
'integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: nvar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_nest_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.5. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_destroy_nest_lock, Next: omp_get_wtick, Prev: omp_unset_nest_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.41 'omp_destroy_nest_lock' - Destroy nested lock | |
================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Destroy a nested lock. In order to be destroyed, a nested lock | |
must be in the unlocked state and its nesting count must equal | |
zero. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_destroy_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_destroy_nest_lock(nvar)' | |
'integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: nvar' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_init_lock:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.3.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_wtick, Next: omp_get_wtime, Prev: omp_destroy_nest_lock, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.42 'omp_get_wtick' - Get timer precision | |
========================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Gets the timer precision, i.e., the number of seconds between two | |
successive clock ticks. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'double omp_get_wtick(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'double precision function omp_get_wtick()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_wtime:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.4.2. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_get_wtime, Next: omp_fulfill_event, Prev: omp_get_wtick, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.43 'omp_get_wtime' - Elapsed wall clock time | |
============================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Elapsed wall clock time in seconds. The time is measured per | |
thread, no guarantee can be made that two distinct threads measure | |
the same time. Time is measured from some "time in the past", | |
which is an arbitrary time guaranteed not to change during the | |
execution of the program. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'double omp_get_wtime(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'double precision function omp_get_wtime()' | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_wtick:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.4.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: omp_fulfill_event, Prev: omp_get_wtime, Up: Runtime Library Routines | |
2.44 'omp_fulfill_event' - Fulfill and destroy an OpenMP event | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Fulfill the event associated with the event handle argument. | |
Currently, it is only used to fulfill events generated by detach | |
clauses on task constructs - the effect of fulfilling the event is | |
to allow the task to complete. | |
The result of calling 'omp_fulfill_event' with an event handle | |
other than that generated by a detach clause is undefined. Calling | |
it with an event handle that has already been fulfilled is also | |
undefined. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void omp_fulfill_event(omp_event_handle_t event);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine omp_fulfill_event(event)' | |
'integer (kind=omp_event_handle_kind) :: event' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v5.0 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 3.5.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Environment Variables, Next: Enabling OpenACC, Prev: Runtime Library Routines, Up: Top | |
3 OpenMP Environment Variables | |
****************************** | |
The environment variables which beginning with 'OMP_' are defined by | |
section 4 of the OpenMP specification in version 4.5, while those | |
beginning with 'GOMP_' are GNU extensions. | |
* Menu: | |
* OMP_CANCELLATION:: Set whether cancellation is activated | |
* OMP_DISPLAY_ENV:: Show OpenMP version and environment variables | |
* OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE:: Set the device used in target regions | |
* OMP_DYNAMIC:: Dynamic adjustment of threads | |
* OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS:: Set the maximum number of nested parallel regions | |
* OMP_MAX_TASK_PRIORITY:: Set the maximum task priority value | |
* OMP_NESTED:: Nested parallel regions | |
* OMP_NUM_THREADS:: Specifies the number of threads to use | |
* OMP_PROC_BIND:: Whether theads may be moved between CPUs | |
* OMP_PLACES:: Specifies on which CPUs the theads should be placed | |
* OMP_STACKSIZE:: Set default thread stack size | |
* OMP_SCHEDULE:: How threads are scheduled | |
* OMP_TARGET_OFFLOAD:: Controls offloading behaviour | |
* OMP_THREAD_LIMIT:: Set the maximum number of threads | |
* OMP_WAIT_POLICY:: How waiting threads are handled | |
* GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY:: Bind threads to specific CPUs | |
* GOMP_DEBUG:: Enable debugging output | |
* GOMP_STACKSIZE:: Set default thread stack size | |
* GOMP_SPINCOUNT:: Set the busy-wait spin count | |
* GOMP_RTEMS_THREAD_POOLS:: Set the RTEMS specific thread pools | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_CANCELLATION, Next: OMP_DISPLAY_ENV, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.1 'OMP_CANCELLATION' - Set whether cancellation is activated | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
If set to 'TRUE', the cancellation is activated. If set to 'FALSE' | |
or if unset, cancellation is disabled and the 'cancel' construct is | |
ignored. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_cancellation:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.11 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_DISPLAY_ENV, Next: OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE, Prev: OMP_CANCELLATION, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.2 'OMP_DISPLAY_ENV' - Show OpenMP version and environment variables | |
===================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
If set to 'TRUE', the OpenMP version number and the values | |
associated with the OpenMP environment variables are printed to | |
'stderr'. If set to 'VERBOSE', it additionally shows the value of | |
the environment variables which are GNU extensions. If undefined | |
or set to 'FALSE', this information will not be shown. | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.12 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE, Next: OMP_DYNAMIC, Prev: OMP_DISPLAY_ENV, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.3 'OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE' - Set the device used in target regions | |
================================================================ | |
_Description_: | |
Set to choose the device which is used in a 'target' region, unless | |
the value is overridden by 'omp_set_default_device' or by a | |
'device' clause. The value shall be the nonnegative device number. | |
If no device with the given device number exists, the code is | |
executed on the host. If unset, device number 0 will be used. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_default_device::, *note omp_set_default_device::, | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.13 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_DYNAMIC, Next: OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS, Prev: OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.4 'OMP_DYNAMIC' - Dynamic adjustment of threads | |
================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Enable or disable the dynamic adjustment of the number of threads | |
within a team. The value of this environment variable shall be | |
'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. If undefined, dynamic adjustment is disabled by | |
default. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_dynamic:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.3 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS, Next: OMP_MAX_TASK_PRIORITY, Prev: OMP_DYNAMIC, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.5 'OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS' - Set the maximum number of nested parallel regions | |
=============================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies the initial value for the maximum number of nested | |
parallel regions. The value of this variable shall be a positive | |
integer. If undefined, then if 'OMP_NESTED' is defined and set to | |
true, or if 'OMP_NUM_THREADS' or 'OMP_PROC_BIND' are defined and | |
set to a list with more than one item, the maximum number of nested | |
parallel regions will be initialized to the largest number | |
supported, otherwise it will be set to one. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_max_active_levels::, *note OMP_NESTED:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.9 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_MAX_TASK_PRIORITY, Next: OMP_NESTED, Prev: OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.6 'OMP_MAX_TASK_PRIORITY' - Set the maximum priority | |
====================================================== | |
number that can be set for a task. | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies the initial value for the maximum priority value that can | |
be set for a task. The value of this variable shall be a | |
non-negative integer, and zero is allowed. If undefined, the | |
default priority is 0. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_max_task_priority:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.14 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_NESTED, Next: OMP_NUM_THREADS, Prev: OMP_MAX_TASK_PRIORITY, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.7 'OMP_NESTED' - Nested parallel regions | |
========================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Enable or disable nested parallel regions, i.e., whether team | |
members are allowed to create new teams. The value of this | |
environment variable shall be 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'. If set to 'TRUE', | |
the number of maximum active nested regions supported will by | |
default be set to the maximum supported, otherwise it will be set | |
to one. If 'OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS' is defined, its setting will | |
override this setting. If both are undefined, nested parallel | |
regions are enabled if 'OMP_NUM_THREADS' or 'OMP_PROC_BINDS' are | |
defined to a list with more than one item, otherwise they are | |
disabled by default. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_max_active_levels::, *note omp_set_nested:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.6 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_NUM_THREADS, Next: OMP_PROC_BIND, Prev: OMP_NESTED, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.8 'OMP_NUM_THREADS' - Specifies the number of threads to use | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies the default number of threads to use in parallel regions. | |
The value of this variable shall be a comma-separated list of | |
positive integers; the value specifies the number of threads to use | |
for the corresponding nested level. Specifying more than one item | |
in the list will automatically enable nesting by default. If | |
undefined one thread per CPU is used. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_num_threads::, *note OMP_NESTED:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.2 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_PROC_BIND, Next: OMP_PLACES, Prev: OMP_NUM_THREADS, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.9 'OMP_PROC_BIND' - Whether theads may be moved between CPUs | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies whether threads may be moved between processors. If set | |
to 'TRUE', OpenMP theads should not be moved; if set to 'FALSE' | |
they may be moved. Alternatively, a comma separated list with the | |
values 'MASTER', 'CLOSE' and 'SPREAD' can be used to specify the | |
thread affinity policy for the corresponding nesting level. With | |
'MASTER' the worker threads are in the same place partition as the | |
master thread. With 'CLOSE' those are kept close to the master | |
thread in contiguous place partitions. And with 'SPREAD' a sparse | |
distribution across the place partitions is used. Specifying more | |
than one item in the list will automatically enable nesting by | |
default. | |
When undefined, 'OMP_PROC_BIND' defaults to 'TRUE' when | |
'OMP_PLACES' or 'GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY' is set and 'FALSE' otherwise. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_get_proc_bind::, *note GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY::, *note | |
OMP_NESTED::, *note OMP_PLACES:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.4 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_PLACES, Next: OMP_STACKSIZE, Prev: OMP_PROC_BIND, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.10 'OMP_PLACES' - Specifies on which CPUs the theads should be placed | |
======================================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
The thread placement can be either specified using an abstract name | |
or by an explicit list of the places. The abstract names | |
'threads', 'cores' and 'sockets' can be optionally followed by a | |
positive number in parentheses, which denotes the how many places | |
shall be created. With 'threads' each place corresponds to a | |
single hardware thread; 'cores' to a single core with the | |
corresponding number of hardware threads; and with 'sockets' the | |
place corresponds to a single socket. The resulting placement can | |
be shown by setting the 'OMP_DISPLAY_ENV' environment variable. | |
Alternatively, the placement can be specified explicitly as | |
comma-separated list of places. A place is specified by set of | |
nonnegative numbers in curly braces, denoting the denoting the | |
hardware threads. The hardware threads belonging to a place can | |
either be specified as comma-separated list of nonnegative thread | |
numbers or using an interval. Multiple places can also be either | |
specified by a comma-separated list of places or by an interval. | |
To specify an interval, a colon followed by the count is placed | |
after after the hardware thread number or the place. Optionally, | |
the length can be followed by a colon and the stride number - | |
otherwise a unit stride is assumed. For instance, the following | |
specifies the same places list: '"{0,1,2}, {3,4,6}, {7,8,9}, | |
{10,11,12}"'; '"{0:3}, {3:3}, {7:3}, {10:3}"'; and '"{0:2}:4:3"'. | |
If 'OMP_PLACES' and 'GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY' are unset and | |
'OMP_PROC_BIND' is either unset or 'false', threads may be moved | |
between CPUs following no placement policy. | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_PROC_BIND::, *note GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY::, *note | |
omp_get_proc_bind::, *note OMP_DISPLAY_ENV:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.5 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_STACKSIZE, Next: OMP_SCHEDULE, Prev: OMP_PLACES, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.11 'OMP_STACKSIZE' - Set default thread stack size | |
==================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Set the default thread stack size in kilobytes, unless the number | |
is suffixed by 'B', 'K', 'M' or 'G', in which case the size is, | |
respectively, in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes. This is | |
different from 'pthread_attr_setstacksize' which gets the number of | |
bytes as an argument. If the stack size cannot be set due to | |
system constraints, an error is reported and the initial stack size | |
is left unchanged. If undefined, the stack size is system | |
dependent. | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.7 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_SCHEDULE, Next: OMP_TARGET_OFFLOAD, Prev: OMP_STACKSIZE, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.12 'OMP_SCHEDULE' - How threads are scheduled | |
=============================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Allows to specify 'schedule type' and 'chunk size'. The value of | |
the variable shall have the form: 'type[,chunk]' where 'type' is | |
one of 'static', 'dynamic', 'guided' or 'auto' The optional 'chunk' | |
size shall be a positive integer. If undefined, dynamic scheduling | |
and a chunk size of 1 is used. | |
_See also_: | |
*note omp_set_schedule:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Sections | |
2.7.1.1 and 4.1 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_TARGET_OFFLOAD, Next: OMP_THREAD_LIMIT, Prev: OMP_SCHEDULE, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.13 'OMP_TARGET_OFFLOAD' - Controls offloading behaviour | |
========================================================= | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies the behaviour with regard to offloading code to a device. | |
This variable can be set to one of three values - 'MANDATORY', | |
'DISABLED' or 'DEFAULT'. | |
If set to 'MANDATORY', the program will terminate with an error if | |
the offload device is not present or is not supported. If set to | |
'DISABLED', then offloading is disabled and all code will run on | |
the host. If set to 'DEFAULT', the program will try offloading to | |
the device first, then fall back to running code on the host if it | |
cannot. | |
If undefined, then the program will behave as if 'DEFAULT' was set. | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v5.0 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 6.17 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_THREAD_LIMIT, Next: OMP_WAIT_POLICY, Prev: OMP_TARGET_OFFLOAD, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.14 'OMP_THREAD_LIMIT' - Set the maximum number of threads | |
=========================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies the number of threads to use for the whole program. The | |
value of this variable shall be a positive integer. If undefined, | |
the number of threads is not limited. | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_NUM_THREADS::, *note omp_get_thread_limit:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.10 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OMP_WAIT_POLICY, Next: GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY, Prev: OMP_THREAD_LIMIT, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.15 'OMP_WAIT_POLICY' - How waiting threads are handled | |
======================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Specifies whether waiting threads should be active or passive. If | |
the value is 'PASSIVE', waiting threads should not consume CPU | |
power while waiting; while the value is 'ACTIVE' specifies that | |
they should. If undefined, threads wait actively for a short time | |
before waiting passively. | |
_See also_: | |
*note GOMP_SPINCOUNT:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenMP specification v4.5 (https://www.openmp.org), Section 4.8 | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY, Next: GOMP_DEBUG, Prev: OMP_WAIT_POLICY, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.16 'GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY' - Bind threads to specific CPUs | |
======================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Binds threads to specific CPUs. The variable should contain a | |
space-separated or comma-separated list of CPUs. This list may | |
contain different kinds of entries: either single CPU numbers in | |
any order, a range of CPUs (M-N) or a range with some stride | |
(M-N:S). CPU numbers are zero based. For example, | |
'GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY="0 3 1-2 4-15:2"' will bind the initial thread | |
to CPU 0, the second to CPU 3, the third to CPU 1, the fourth to | |
CPU 2, the fifth to CPU 4, the sixth through tenth to CPUs 6, 8, | |
10, 12, and 14 respectively and then start assigning back from the | |
beginning of the list. 'GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY=0' binds all threads to | |
CPU 0. | |
There is no libgomp library routine to determine whether a CPU | |
affinity specification is in effect. As a workaround, | |
language-specific library functions, e.g., 'getenv' in C or | |
'GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' in Fortran, may be used to query the | |
setting of the 'GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY' environment variable. A defined | |
CPU affinity on startup cannot be changed or disabled during the | |
runtime of the application. | |
If both 'GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY' and 'OMP_PROC_BIND' are set, | |
'OMP_PROC_BIND' has a higher precedence. If neither has been set | |
and 'OMP_PROC_BIND' is unset, or when 'OMP_PROC_BIND' is set to | |
'FALSE', the host system will handle the assignment of threads to | |
CPUs. | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_PLACES::, *note OMP_PROC_BIND:: | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: GOMP_DEBUG, Next: GOMP_STACKSIZE, Prev: GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.17 'GOMP_DEBUG' - Enable debugging output | |
=========================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Enable debugging output. The variable should be set to '0' | |
(disabled, also the default if not set), or '1' (enabled). | |
If enabled, some debugging output will be printed during execution. | |
This is currently not specified in more detail, and subject to | |
change. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: GOMP_STACKSIZE, Next: GOMP_SPINCOUNT, Prev: GOMP_DEBUG, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.18 'GOMP_STACKSIZE' - Set default thread stack size | |
===================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Set the default thread stack size in kilobytes. This is different | |
from 'pthread_attr_setstacksize' which gets the number of bytes as | |
an argument. If the stack size cannot be set due to system | |
constraints, an error is reported and the initial stack size is | |
left unchanged. If undefined, the stack size is system dependent. | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_STACKSIZE:: | |
_Reference_: | |
GCC Patches Mailinglist | |
(https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2006-06/msg00493.html), GCC | |
Patches Mailinglist | |
(https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2006-06/msg00496.html) | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: GOMP_SPINCOUNT, Next: GOMP_RTEMS_THREAD_POOLS, Prev: GOMP_STACKSIZE, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.19 'GOMP_SPINCOUNT' - Set the busy-wait spin count | |
==================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Determines how long a threads waits actively with consuming CPU | |
power before waiting passively without consuming CPU power. The | |
value may be either 'INFINITE', 'INFINITY' to always wait actively | |
or an integer which gives the number of spins of the busy-wait | |
loop. The integer may optionally be followed by the following | |
suffixes acting as multiplication factors: 'k' (kilo, thousand), | |
'M' (mega, million), 'G' (giga, billion), or 'T' (tera, trillion). | |
If undefined, 0 is used when 'OMP_WAIT_POLICY' is 'PASSIVE', | |
300,000 is used when 'OMP_WAIT_POLICY' is undefined and 30 billion | |
is used when 'OMP_WAIT_POLICY' is 'ACTIVE'. If there are more | |
OpenMP threads than available CPUs, 1000 and 100 spins are used for | |
'OMP_WAIT_POLICY' being 'ACTIVE' or undefined, respectively; unless | |
the 'GOMP_SPINCOUNT' is lower or 'OMP_WAIT_POLICY' is 'PASSIVE'. | |
_See also_: | |
*note OMP_WAIT_POLICY:: | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: GOMP_RTEMS_THREAD_POOLS, Prev: GOMP_SPINCOUNT, Up: Environment Variables | |
3.20 'GOMP_RTEMS_THREAD_POOLS' - Set the RTEMS specific thread pools | |
==================================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This environment variable is only used on the RTEMS real-time | |
operating system. It determines the scheduler instance specific | |
thread pools. The format for 'GOMP_RTEMS_THREAD_POOLS' is a list | |
of optional '<thread-pool-count>[$<priority>]@<scheduler-name>' | |
configurations separated by ':' where: | |
* '<thread-pool-count>' is the thread pool count for this | |
scheduler instance. | |
* '$<priority>' is an optional priority for the worker threads | |
of a thread pool according to 'pthread_setschedparam'. In | |
case a priority value is omitted, then a worker thread will | |
inherit the priority of the OpenMP master thread that created | |
it. The priority of the worker thread is not changed after | |
creation, even if a new OpenMP master thread using the worker | |
has a different priority. | |
* '@<scheduler-name>' is the scheduler instance name according | |
to the RTEMS application configuration. | |
In case no thread pool configuration is specified for a scheduler | |
instance, then each OpenMP master thread of this scheduler instance | |
will use its own dynamically allocated thread pool. To limit the | |
worker thread count of the thread pools, each OpenMP master thread | |
must call 'omp_set_num_threads'. | |
_Example_: | |
Lets suppose we have three scheduler instances 'IO', 'WRK0', and | |
'WRK1' with 'GOMP_RTEMS_THREAD_POOLS' set to '"1@WRK0:3$4@WRK1"'. | |
Then there are no thread pool restrictions for scheduler instance | |
'IO'. In the scheduler instance 'WRK0' there is one thread pool | |
available. Since no priority is specified for this scheduler | |
instance, the worker thread inherits the priority of the OpenMP | |
master thread that created it. In the scheduler instance 'WRK1' | |
there are three thread pools available and their worker threads run | |
at priority four. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Enabling OpenACC, Next: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines, Prev: Environment Variables, Up: Top | |
4 Enabling OpenACC | |
****************** | |
To activate the OpenACC extensions for C/C++ and Fortran, the | |
compile-time flag '-fopenacc' must be specified. This enables the | |
OpenACC directive '#pragma acc' in C/C++ and '!$acc' directives in free | |
form, 'c$acc', '*$acc' and '!$acc' directives in fixed form, '!$' | |
conditional compilation sentinels in free form and 'c$', '*$' and '!$' | |
sentinels in fixed form, for Fortran. The flag also arranges for | |
automatic linking of the OpenACC runtime library (*note OpenACC Runtime | |
Library Routines::). | |
See <https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC> for more information. | |
A complete description of all OpenACC directives accepted may be | |
found in the OpenACC (https://www.openacc.org) Application Programming | |
Interface manual, version 2.6. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines, Next: OpenACC Environment Variables, Prev: Enabling OpenACC, Up: Top | |
5 OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
********************************** | |
The runtime routines described here are defined by section 3 of the | |
OpenACC specifications in version 2.6. They have C linkage, and do not | |
throw exceptions. Generally, they are available only for the host, with | |
the exception of 'acc_on_device', which is available for both the host | |
and the acceleration device. | |
* Menu: | |
* acc_get_num_devices:: Get number of devices for the given device | |
type. | |
* acc_set_device_type:: Set type of device accelerator to use. | |
* acc_get_device_type:: Get type of device accelerator to be used. | |
* acc_set_device_num:: Set device number to use. | |
* acc_get_device_num:: Get device number to be used. | |
* acc_get_property:: Get device property. | |
* acc_async_test:: Tests for completion of a specific asynchronous | |
operation. | |
* acc_async_test_all:: Tests for completion of all asynchronous | |
operations. | |
* acc_wait:: Wait for completion of a specific asynchronous | |
operation. | |
* acc_wait_all:: Waits for completion of all asynchronous | |
operations. | |
* acc_wait_all_async:: Wait for completion of all asynchronous | |
operations. | |
* acc_wait_async:: Wait for completion of asynchronous operations. | |
* acc_init:: Initialize runtime for a specific device type. | |
* acc_shutdown:: Shuts down the runtime for a specific device | |
type. | |
* acc_on_device:: Whether executing on a particular device | |
* acc_malloc:: Allocate device memory. | |
* acc_free:: Free device memory. | |
* acc_copyin:: Allocate device memory and copy host memory to | |
it. | |
* acc_present_or_copyin:: If the data is not present on the device, | |
allocate device memory and copy from host | |
memory. | |
* acc_create:: Allocate device memory and map it to host | |
memory. | |
* acc_present_or_create:: If the data is not present on the device, | |
allocate device memory and map it to host | |
memory. | |
* acc_copyout:: Copy device memory to host memory. | |
* acc_delete:: Free device memory. | |
* acc_update_device:: Update device memory from mapped host memory. | |
* acc_update_self:: Update host memory from mapped device memory. | |
* acc_map_data:: Map previously allocated device memory to host | |
memory. | |
* acc_unmap_data:: Unmap device memory from host memory. | |
* acc_deviceptr:: Get device pointer associated with specific | |
host address. | |
* acc_hostptr:: Get host pointer associated with specific | |
device address. | |
* acc_is_present:: Indicate whether host variable / array is | |
present on device. | |
* acc_memcpy_to_device:: Copy host memory to device memory. | |
* acc_memcpy_from_device:: Copy device memory to host memory. | |
* acc_attach:: Let device pointer point to device-pointer target. | |
* acc_detach:: Let device pointer point to host-pointer target. | |
API routines for target platforms. | |
* acc_get_current_cuda_device:: Get CUDA device handle. | |
* acc_get_current_cuda_context::Get CUDA context handle. | |
* acc_get_cuda_stream:: Get CUDA stream handle. | |
* acc_set_cuda_stream:: Set CUDA stream handle. | |
API routines for the OpenACC Profiling Interface. | |
* acc_prof_register:: Register callbacks. | |
* acc_prof_unregister:: Unregister callbacks. | |
* acc_prof_lookup:: Obtain inquiry functions. | |
* acc_register_library:: Library registration. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_get_num_devices, Next: acc_set_device_type, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.1 'acc_get_num_devices' - Get number of devices for given device type | |
======================================================================= | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns a value indicating the number of devices | |
available for the device type specified in DEVICETYPE. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int acc_get_num_devices(acc_device_t devicetype);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'integer function acc_get_num_devices(devicetype)' | |
'integer(kind=acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_set_device_type, Next: acc_get_device_type, Prev: acc_get_num_devices, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.2 'acc_set_device_type' - Set type of device accelerator to use. | |
================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function indicates to the runtime library which device type, | |
specified in DEVICETYPE, to use when executing a parallel or | |
kernels region. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_set_device_type(acc_device_t devicetype);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_set_device_type(devicetype)' | |
'integer(kind=acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.2. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_get_device_type, Next: acc_set_device_num, Prev: acc_set_device_type, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.3 'acc_get_device_type' - Get type of device accelerator to be used. | |
====================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns what device type will be used when executing | |
a parallel or kernels region. | |
This function returns 'acc_device_none' if 'acc_get_device_type' is | |
called from 'acc_ev_device_init_start', 'acc_ev_device_init_end' | |
callbacks of the OpenACC Profiling Interface (*note OpenACC | |
Profiling Interface::), that is, if the device is currently being | |
initialized. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_device_t acc_get_device_type(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_get_device_type(void)' | |
'integer(kind=acc_device_kind) acc_get_device_type' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_set_device_num, Next: acc_get_device_num, Prev: acc_get_device_type, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.4 'acc_set_device_num' - Set device number to use. | |
==================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function will indicate to the runtime which device number, | |
specified by DEVICENUM, associated with the specified device type | |
DEVICETYPE. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_set_device_num(int devicenum, acc_device_t | |
devicetype);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_set_device_num(devicenum, devicetype)' | |
'integer devicenum' | |
'integer(kind=acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.4. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_get_device_num, Next: acc_get_property, Prev: acc_set_device_num, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.5 'acc_get_device_num' - Get device number to be used. | |
======================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns which device number associated with the | |
specified device type DEVICETYPE, will be used when executing a | |
parallel or kernels region. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int acc_get_device_num(acc_device_t devicetype);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_get_device_num(devicetype)' | |
'integer(kind=acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
'integer acc_get_device_num' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.5. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_get_property, Next: acc_async_test, Prev: acc_get_device_num, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.6 'acc_get_property' - Get device property. | |
============================================= | |
_Description_ | |
These routines return the value of the specified PROPERTY for the | |
device being queried according to DEVICENUM and DEVICETYPE. | |
Integer-valued and string-valued properties are returned by | |
'acc_get_property' and 'acc_get_property_string' respectively. The | |
Fortran 'acc_get_property_string' subroutine returns the string | |
retrieved in its fourth argument while the remaining entry points | |
are functions, which pass the return value as their result. | |
Note for Fortran, only: the OpenACC technical committee corrected | |
and, hence, modified the interface introduced in OpenACC 2.6. The | |
kind-value parameter 'acc_device_property' has been renamed to | |
'acc_device_property_kind' for consistency and the return type of | |
the 'acc_get_property' function is now a 'c_size_t' integer instead | |
of a 'acc_device_property' integer. The parameter | |
'acc_device_property' will continue to be provided, but might be | |
removed in a future version of GCC. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'size_t acc_get_property(int devicenum, acc_device_t | |
devicetype, acc_device_property_t property);' | |
_Prototype_: 'const char *acc_get_property_string(int devicenum, | |
acc_device_t devicetype, acc_device_property_t | |
property);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_get_property(devicenum, devicetype, | |
property)' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_get_property_string(devicenum, | |
devicetype, property, string)' | |
'use ISO_C_Binding, only: c_size_t' | |
'integer devicenum' | |
'integer(kind=acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
'integer(kind=acc_device_property_kind) property' | |
'integer(kind=c_size_t) acc_get_property' | |
'character(*) string' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.6. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_async_test, Next: acc_async_test_all, Prev: acc_get_property, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.7 'acc_async_test' - Test for completion of a specific asynchronous operation. | |
================================================================================ | |
_Description_ | |
This function tests for completion of the asynchronous operation | |
specified in ARG. In C/C++, a non-zero value will be returned to | |
indicate the specified asynchronous operation has completed. While | |
Fortran will return a 'true'. If the asynchronous operation has | |
not completed, C/C++ returns a zero and Fortran returns a 'false'. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int acc_async_test(int arg);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_async_test(arg)' | |
'integer(kind=acc_handle_kind) arg' | |
'logical acc_async_test' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.9. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_async_test_all, Next: acc_wait, Prev: acc_async_test, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.8 'acc_async_test_all' - Tests for completion of all asynchronous operations. | |
=============================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function tests for completion of all asynchronous operations. | |
In C/C++, a non-zero value will be returned to indicate all | |
asynchronous operations have completed. While Fortran will return | |
a 'true'. If any asynchronous operation has not completed, C/C++ | |
returns a zero and Fortran returns a 'false'. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int acc_async_test_all(void);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_async_test()' | |
'logical acc_get_device_num' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.10. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_wait, Next: acc_wait_all, Prev: acc_async_test_all, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.9 'acc_wait' - Wait for completion of a specific asynchronous operation. | |
========================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function waits for completion of the asynchronous operation | |
specified in ARG. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_wait(arg);' | |
_Prototype 'acc_async_wait(arg);' | |
(OpenACC 1.0 | |
compatibility)_: | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_wait(arg)' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) arg' | |
_Interface 'subroutine acc_async_wait(arg)' | |
(OpenACC 1.0 | |
compatibility)_: | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) arg' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.11. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_wait_all, Next: acc_wait_all_async, Prev: acc_wait, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.10 'acc_wait_all' - Waits for completion of all asynchronous operations. | |
========================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function waits for the completion of all asynchronous | |
operations. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_wait_all(void);' | |
_Prototype 'acc_async_wait_all(void);' | |
(OpenACC 1.0 | |
compatibility)_: | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_wait_all()' | |
_Interface 'subroutine acc_async_wait_all()' | |
(OpenACC 1.0 | |
compatibility)_: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.13. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_wait_all_async, Next: acc_wait_async, Prev: acc_wait_all, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.11 'acc_wait_all_async' - Wait for completion of all asynchronous operations. | |
=============================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function enqueues a wait operation on the queue ASYNC for any | |
and all asynchronous operations that have been previously enqueued | |
on any queue. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_wait_all_async(int async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_wait_all_async(async)' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.14. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_wait_async, Next: acc_init, Prev: acc_wait_all_async, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.12 'acc_wait_async' - Wait for completion of asynchronous operations. | |
======================================================================= | |
_Description_ | |
This function enqueues a wait operation on queue ASYNC for any and | |
all asynchronous operations enqueued on queue ARG. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_wait_async(int arg, int async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_wait_async(arg, async)' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) arg, async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.12. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_init, Next: acc_shutdown, Prev: acc_wait_async, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.13 'acc_init' - Initialize runtime for a specific device type. | |
================================================================ | |
_Description_ | |
This function initializes the runtime for the device type specified | |
in DEVICETYPE. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_init(acc_device_t devicetype);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_init(devicetype)' | |
'integer(acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.7. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_shutdown, Next: acc_on_device, Prev: acc_init, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.14 'acc_shutdown' - Shuts down the runtime for a specific device type. | |
======================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function shuts down the runtime for the device type specified | |
in DEVICETYPE. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_shutdown(acc_device_t devicetype);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_shutdown(devicetype)' | |
'integer(acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.8. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_on_device, Next: acc_malloc, Prev: acc_shutdown, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.15 'acc_on_device' - Whether executing on a particular device | |
=============================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function returns whether the program is executing on a | |
particular device specified in DEVICETYPE. In C/C++ a non-zero | |
value is returned to indicate the device is executing on the | |
specified device type. In Fortran, 'true' will be returned. If | |
the program is not executing on the specified device type C/C++ | |
will return a zero, while Fortran will return 'false'. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_on_device(acc_device_t devicetype);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_on_device(devicetype)' | |
'integer(acc_device_kind) devicetype' | |
'logical acc_on_device' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.17. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_malloc, Next: acc_free, Prev: acc_on_device, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.16 'acc_malloc' - Allocate device memory. | |
=========================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function allocates LEN bytes of device memory. It returns the | |
device address of the allocated memory. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'd_void* acc_malloc(size_t len);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.18. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_free, Next: acc_copyin, Prev: acc_malloc, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.17 'acc_free' - Free device memory. | |
===================================== | |
_Description_ | |
Free previously allocated device memory at the device address 'a'. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_free(d_void *a);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.19. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_copyin, Next: acc_present_or_copyin, Prev: acc_free, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.18 'acc_copyin' - Allocate device memory and copy host memory to it. | |
====================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
In C/C++, this function allocates LEN bytes of device memory and | |
maps it to the specified host address in A. The device address of | |
the newly allocated device memory is returned. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_copyin(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_copyin_async(h_void *a, size_t len, int | |
async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyin(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyin(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyin_async(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyin_async(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.20. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_present_or_copyin, Next: acc_create, Prev: acc_copyin, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.19 'acc_present_or_copyin' - If the data is not present on the device, allocate device memory and copy from host memory. | |
========================================================================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function tests if the host data specified by A and of length | |
LEN is present or not. If it is not present, then device memory | |
will be allocated and the host memory copied. The device address | |
of the newly allocated device memory is returned. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
Note that 'acc_present_or_copyin' and 'acc_pcopyin' exist for | |
backward compatibility with OpenACC 2.0; use *note acc_copyin:: | |
instead. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_present_or_copyin(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_pcopyin(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_present_or_copyin(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_present_or_copyin(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_pcopyin(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_pcopyin(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.20. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_create, Next: acc_present_or_create, Prev: acc_present_or_copyin, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.20 'acc_create' - Allocate device memory and map it to host memory. | |
===================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function allocates device memory and maps it to host memory | |
specified by the host address A with a length of LEN bytes. In | |
C/C++, the function returns the device address of the allocated | |
device memory. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_create(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_create_async(h_void *a, size_t len, int | |
async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_create(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_create(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_create_async(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_create_async(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.21. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_present_or_create, Next: acc_copyout, Prev: acc_create, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.21 'acc_present_or_create' - If the data is not present on the device, allocate device memory and map it to host memory. | |
========================================================================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function tests if the host data specified by A and of length | |
LEN is present or not. If it is not present, then device memory | |
will be allocated and mapped to host memory. In C/C++, the device | |
address of the newly allocated device memory is returned. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
Note that 'acc_present_or_create' and 'acc_pcreate' exist for | |
backward compatibility with OpenACC 2.0; use *note acc_create:: | |
instead. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_present_or_create(h_void *a, size_t len)' | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_pcreate(h_void *a, size_t len)' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_present_or_create(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_present_or_create(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_pcreate(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_pcreate(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.21. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_copyout, Next: acc_delete, Prev: acc_present_or_create, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.22 'acc_copyout' - Copy device memory to host memory. | |
======================================================= | |
_Description_ | |
This function copies mapped device memory to host memory which is | |
specified by host address A for a length LEN bytes in C/C++. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_copyout(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_copyout_async(h_void *a, size_t len, int async);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_copyout_finalize(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_copyout_finalize_async(h_void *a, size_t len, int | |
async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout_async(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout_async(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout_finalize(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout_finalize(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout_finalize_async(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_copyout_finalize_async(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.22. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_delete, Next: acc_update_device, Prev: acc_copyout, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.23 'acc_delete' - Free device memory. | |
======================================= | |
_Description_ | |
This function frees previously allocated device memory specified by | |
the device address A and the length of LEN bytes. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_delete(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_delete_async(h_void *a, size_t len, int async);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_delete_finalize(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_delete_finalize_async(h_void *a, size_t len, int | |
async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete_async(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete_async(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete_finalize(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete_finalize(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete_async_finalize(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_delete_async_finalize(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.23. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_update_device, Next: acc_update_self, Prev: acc_delete, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.24 'acc_update_device' - Update device memory from mapped host memory. | |
======================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function updates the device copy from the previously mapped | |
host memory. The host memory is specified with the host address A | |
and a length of LEN bytes. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_update_device(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_update_device(h_void *a, size_t len, async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_device(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_device(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_device_async(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_device_async(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.24. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_update_self, Next: acc_map_data, Prev: acc_update_device, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.25 'acc_update_self' - Update host memory from mapped device memory. | |
====================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function updates the host copy from the previously mapped | |
device memory. The host memory is specified with the host address | |
A and a length of LEN bytes. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_update_self(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_update_self_async(h_void *a, size_t len, int | |
async);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_self(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_self(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_self_async(a, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Interface_: 'subroutine acc_update_self_async(a, len, async)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'integer(acc_handle_kind) :: async' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.25. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_map_data, Next: acc_unmap_data, Prev: acc_update_self, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.26 'acc_map_data' - Map previously allocated device memory to host memory. | |
============================================================================ | |
_Description_ | |
This function maps previously allocated device and host memory. | |
The device memory is specified with the device address D. The host | |
memory is specified with the host address H and a length of LEN. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_map_data(h_void *h, d_void *d, size_t len);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.26. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_unmap_data, Next: acc_deviceptr, Prev: acc_map_data, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.27 'acc_unmap_data' - Unmap device memory from host memory. | |
============================================================= | |
_Description_ | |
This function unmaps previously mapped device and host memory. The | |
latter specified by H. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_unmap_data(h_void *h);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.27. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_deviceptr, Next: acc_hostptr, Prev: acc_unmap_data, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.28 'acc_deviceptr' - Get device pointer associated with specific host address. | |
================================================================================ | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns the device address that has been mapped to | |
the host address specified by H. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_deviceptr(h_void *h);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.28. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_hostptr, Next: acc_is_present, Prev: acc_deviceptr, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.29 'acc_hostptr' - Get host pointer associated with specific device address. | |
============================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns the host address that has been mapped to the | |
device address specified by D. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_hostptr(d_void *d);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.29. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_is_present, Next: acc_memcpy_to_device, Prev: acc_hostptr, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.30 'acc_is_present' - Indicate whether host variable / array is present on device. | |
==================================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function indicates whether the specified host address in A and | |
a length of LEN bytes is present on the device. In C/C++, a | |
non-zero value is returned to indicate the presence of the mapped | |
memory on the device. A zero is returned to indicate the memory is | |
not mapped on the device. | |
In Fortran, two (2) forms are supported. In the first form, A | |
specifies a contiguous array section. The second form A specifies | |
a variable or array element and LEN specifies the length in bytes. | |
If the host memory is mapped to device memory, then a 'true' is | |
returned. Otherwise, a 'false' is return to indicate the mapped | |
memory is not present. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int acc_is_present(h_void *a, size_t len);' | |
_Fortran_: | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_is_present(a)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'logical acc_is_present' | |
_Interface_: 'function acc_is_present(a, len)' | |
'type, dimension(:[,:]...) :: a' | |
'integer len' | |
'logical acc_is_present' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.30. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_memcpy_to_device, Next: acc_memcpy_from_device, Prev: acc_is_present, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.31 'acc_memcpy_to_device' - Copy host memory to device memory. | |
================================================================ | |
_Description_ | |
This function copies host memory specified by host address of SRC | |
to device memory specified by the device address DEST for a length | |
of BYTES bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_memcpy_to_device(d_void *dest, h_void *src, size_t | |
bytes);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.31. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_memcpy_from_device, Next: acc_attach, Prev: acc_memcpy_to_device, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.32 'acc_memcpy_from_device' - Copy device memory to host memory. | |
================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function copies host memory specified by host address of SRC | |
from device memory specified by the device address DEST for a | |
length of BYTES bytes. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_memcpy_from_device(d_void *dest, h_void *src, | |
size_t bytes);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.32. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_attach, Next: acc_detach, Prev: acc_memcpy_from_device, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.33 'acc_attach' - Let device pointer point to device-pointer target. | |
====================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function updates a pointer on the device from pointing to a | |
host-pointer address to pointing to the corresponding device data. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_attach(h_void **ptr);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_attach_async(h_void **ptr, int async);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.34. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_detach, Next: acc_get_current_cuda_device, Prev: acc_attach, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.34 'acc_detach' - Let device pointer point to host-pointer target. | |
==================================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function updates a pointer on the device from pointing to a | |
device-pointer address to pointing to the corresponding host data. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_detach(h_void **ptr);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_detach_async(h_void **ptr, int async);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_detach_finalize(h_void **ptr);' | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_detach_finalize_async(h_void **ptr, int async);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
3.2.35. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_get_current_cuda_device, Next: acc_get_current_cuda_context, Prev: acc_detach, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.35 'acc_get_current_cuda_device' - Get CUDA device handle. | |
============================================================ | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns the CUDA device handle. This handle is the | |
same as used by the CUDA Runtime or Driver API's. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_get_current_cuda_device(void);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
A.2.1.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_get_current_cuda_context, Next: acc_get_cuda_stream, Prev: acc_get_current_cuda_device, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.36 'acc_get_current_cuda_context' - Get CUDA context handle. | |
============================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns the CUDA context handle. This handle is the | |
same as used by the CUDA Runtime or Driver API's. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_get_current_cuda_context(void);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
A.2.1.2. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_get_cuda_stream, Next: acc_set_cuda_stream, Prev: acc_get_current_cuda_context, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.37 'acc_get_cuda_stream' - Get CUDA stream handle. | |
==================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function returns the CUDA stream handle for the queue ASYNC. | |
This handle is the same as used by the CUDA Runtime or Driver | |
API's. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void *acc_get_cuda_stream(int async);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
A.2.1.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_set_cuda_stream, Next: acc_prof_register, Prev: acc_get_cuda_stream, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.38 'acc_set_cuda_stream' - Set CUDA stream handle. | |
==================================================== | |
_Description_ | |
This function associates the stream handle specified by STREAM with | |
the queue ASYNC. | |
This cannot be used to change the stream handle associated with | |
'acc_async_sync'. | |
The return value is not specified. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'int acc_set_cuda_stream(int async, void *stream);' | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section | |
A.2.1.4. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_prof_register, Next: acc_prof_unregister, Prev: acc_set_cuda_stream, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.39 'acc_prof_register' - Register callbacks. | |
============================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function registers callbacks. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void acc_prof_register (acc_event_t, acc_prof_callback, | |
acc_register_t);' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OpenACC Profiling Interface:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section 5.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_prof_unregister, Next: acc_prof_lookup, Prev: acc_prof_register, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.40 'acc_prof_unregister' - Unregister callbacks. | |
================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
This function unregisters callbacks. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void acc_prof_unregister (acc_event_t, | |
acc_prof_callback, acc_register_t);' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OpenACC Profiling Interface:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section 5.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_prof_lookup, Next: acc_register_library, Prev: acc_prof_unregister, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.41 'acc_prof_lookup' - Obtain inquiry functions. | |
================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Function to obtain inquiry functions. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'acc_query_fn acc_prof_lookup (const char *);' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OpenACC Profiling Interface:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section 5.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: acc_register_library, Prev: acc_prof_lookup, Up: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines | |
5.42 'acc_register_library' - Library registration. | |
=================================================== | |
_Description_: | |
Function for library registration. | |
_C/C++_: | |
_Prototype_: 'void acc_register_library (acc_prof_reg, acc_prof_reg, | |
acc_prof_lookup_func);' | |
_See also_: | |
*note OpenACC Profiling Interface::, *note ACC_PROFLIB:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section 5.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OpenACC Environment Variables, Next: CUDA Streams Usage, Prev: OpenACC Runtime Library Routines, Up: Top | |
6 OpenACC Environment Variables | |
******************************* | |
The variables 'ACC_DEVICE_TYPE' and 'ACC_DEVICE_NUM' are defined by | |
section 4 of the OpenACC specification in version 2.0. The variable | |
'ACC_PROFLIB' is defined by section 4 of the OpenACC specification in | |
version 2.6. The variable 'GCC_ACC_NOTIFY' is used for diagnostic | |
purposes. | |
* Menu: | |
* ACC_DEVICE_TYPE:: | |
* ACC_DEVICE_NUM:: | |
* ACC_PROFLIB:: | |
* GCC_ACC_NOTIFY:: | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: ACC_DEVICE_TYPE, Next: ACC_DEVICE_NUM, Up: OpenACC Environment Variables | |
6.1 'ACC_DEVICE_TYPE' | |
===================== | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section 4.1. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: ACC_DEVICE_NUM, Next: ACC_PROFLIB, Prev: ACC_DEVICE_TYPE, Up: OpenACC Environment Variables | |
6.2 'ACC_DEVICE_NUM' | |
==================== | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section 4.2. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: ACC_PROFLIB, Next: GCC_ACC_NOTIFY, Prev: ACC_DEVICE_NUM, Up: OpenACC Environment Variables | |
6.3 'ACC_PROFLIB' | |
================= | |
_See also_: | |
*note acc_register_library::, *note OpenACC Profiling Interface:: | |
_Reference_: | |
OpenACC specification v2.6 (https://www.openacc.org), section 4.3. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: GCC_ACC_NOTIFY, Prev: ACC_PROFLIB, Up: OpenACC Environment Variables | |
6.4 'GCC_ACC_NOTIFY' | |
==================== | |
_Description_: | |
Print debug information pertaining to the accelerator. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: CUDA Streams Usage, Next: OpenACC Library Interoperability, Prev: OpenACC Environment Variables, Up: Top | |
7 CUDA Streams Usage | |
******************** | |
This applies to the 'nvptx' plugin only. | |
The library provides elements that perform asynchronous movement of | |
data and asynchronous operation of computing constructs. This | |
asynchronous functionality is implemented by making use of CUDA | |
streams(1). | |
The primary means by that the asynchronous functionality is accessed | |
is through the use of those OpenACC directives which make use of the | |
'async' and 'wait' clauses. When the 'async' clause is first used with | |
a directive, it creates a CUDA stream. If an 'async-argument' is used | |
with the 'async' clause, then the stream is associated with the | |
specified 'async-argument'. | |
Following the creation of an association between a CUDA stream and | |
the 'async-argument' of an 'async' clause, both the 'wait' clause and | |
the 'wait' directive can be used. When either the clause or directive | |
is used after stream creation, it creates a rendezvous point whereby | |
execution waits until all operations associated with the | |
'async-argument', that is, stream, have completed. | |
Normally, the management of the streams that are created as a result | |
of using the 'async' clause, is done without any intervention by the | |
caller. This implies the association between the 'async-argument' and | |
the CUDA stream will be maintained for the lifetime of the program. | |
However, this association can be changed through the use of the library | |
function 'acc_set_cuda_stream'. When the function 'acc_set_cuda_stream' | |
is called, the CUDA stream that was originally associated with the | |
'async' clause will be destroyed. Caution should be taken when changing | |
the association as subsequent references to the 'async-argument' refer | |
to a different CUDA stream. | |
---------- Footnotes ---------- | |
(1) See "Stream Management" in "CUDA Driver API", TRM-06703-001, | |
Version 5.5, for additional information | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OpenACC Library Interoperability, Next: OpenACC Profiling Interface, Prev: CUDA Streams Usage, Up: Top | |
8 OpenACC Library Interoperability | |
********************************** | |
8.1 Introduction | |
================ | |
The OpenACC library uses the CUDA Driver API, and may interact with | |
programs that use the Runtime library directly, or another library based | |
on the Runtime library, e.g., CUBLAS(1). This chapter describes the use | |
cases and what changes are required in order to use both the OpenACC | |
library and the CUBLAS and Runtime libraries within a program. | |
8.2 First invocation: NVIDIA CUBLAS library API | |
=============================================== | |
In this first use case (see below), a function in the CUBLAS library is | |
called prior to any of the functions in the OpenACC library. More | |
specifically, the function 'cublasCreate()'. | |
When invoked, the function initializes the library and allocates the | |
hardware resources on the host and the device on behalf of the caller. | |
Once the initialization and allocation has completed, a handle is | |
returned to the caller. The OpenACC library also requires | |
initialization and allocation of hardware resources. Since the CUBLAS | |
library has already allocated the hardware resources for the device, all | |
that is left to do is to initialize the OpenACC library and acquire the | |
hardware resources on the host. | |
Prior to calling the OpenACC function that initializes the library | |
and allocate the host hardware resources, you need to acquire the device | |
number that was allocated during the call to 'cublasCreate()'. The | |
invoking of the runtime library function 'cudaGetDevice()' accomplishes | |
this. Once acquired, the device number is passed along with the device | |
type as parameters to the OpenACC library function | |
'acc_set_device_num()'. | |
Once the call to 'acc_set_device_num()' has completed, the OpenACC | |
library uses the context that was created during the call to | |
'cublasCreate()'. In other words, both libraries will be sharing the | |
same context. | |
/* Create the handle */ | |
s = cublasCreate(&h); | |
if (s != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS) | |
{ | |
fprintf(stderr, "cublasCreate failed %d\n", s); | |
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); | |
} | |
/* Get the device number */ | |
e = cudaGetDevice(&dev); | |
if (e != cudaSuccess) | |
{ | |
fprintf(stderr, "cudaGetDevice failed %d\n", e); | |
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); | |
} | |
/* Initialize OpenACC library and use device 'dev' */ | |
acc_set_device_num(dev, acc_device_nvidia); | |
Use Case 1 | |
8.3 First invocation: OpenACC library API | |
========================================= | |
In this second use case (see below), a function in the OpenACC library | |
is called prior to any of the functions in the CUBLAS library. More | |
specificially, the function 'acc_set_device_num()'. | |
In the use case presented here, the function 'acc_set_device_num()' | |
is used to both initialize the OpenACC library and allocate the hardware | |
resources on the host and the device. In the call to the function, the | |
call parameters specify which device to use and what device type to use, | |
i.e., 'acc_device_nvidia'. It should be noted that this is but one | |
method to initialize the OpenACC library and allocate the appropriate | |
hardware resources. Other methods are available through the use of | |
environment variables and these will be discussed in the next section. | |
Once the call to 'acc_set_device_num()' has completed, other OpenACC | |
functions can be called as seen with multiple calls being made to | |
'acc_copyin()'. In addition, calls can be made to functions in the | |
CUBLAS library. In the use case a call to 'cublasCreate()' is made | |
subsequent to the calls to 'acc_copyin()'. As seen in the previous use | |
case, a call to 'cublasCreate()' initializes the CUBLAS library and | |
allocates the hardware resources on the host and the device. However, | |
since the device has already been allocated, 'cublasCreate()' will only | |
initialize the CUBLAS library and allocate the appropriate hardware | |
resources on the host. The context that was created as part of the | |
OpenACC initialization is shared with the CUBLAS library, similarly to | |
the first use case. | |
dev = 0; | |
acc_set_device_num(dev, acc_device_nvidia); | |
/* Copy the first set to the device */ | |
d_X = acc_copyin(&h_X[0], N * sizeof (float)); | |
if (d_X == NULL) | |
{ | |
fprintf(stderr, "copyin error h_X\n"); | |
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); | |
} | |
/* Copy the second set to the device */ | |
d_Y = acc_copyin(&h_Y1[0], N * sizeof (float)); | |
if (d_Y == NULL) | |
{ | |
fprintf(stderr, "copyin error h_Y1\n"); | |
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); | |
} | |
/* Create the handle */ | |
s = cublasCreate(&h); | |
if (s != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS) | |
{ | |
fprintf(stderr, "cublasCreate failed %d\n", s); | |
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); | |
} | |
/* Perform saxpy using CUBLAS library function */ | |
s = cublasSaxpy(h, N, &alpha, d_X, 1, d_Y, 1); | |
if (s != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS) | |
{ | |
fprintf(stderr, "cublasSaxpy failed %d\n", s); | |
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); | |
} | |
/* Copy the results from the device */ | |
acc_memcpy_from_device(&h_Y1[0], d_Y, N * sizeof (float)); | |
Use Case 2 | |
8.4 OpenACC library and environment variables | |
============================================= | |
There are two environment variables associated with the OpenACC library | |
that may be used to control the device type and device number: | |
'ACC_DEVICE_TYPE' and 'ACC_DEVICE_NUM', respectively. These two | |
environment variables can be used as an alternative to calling | |
'acc_set_device_num()'. As seen in the second use case, the device type | |
and device number were specified using 'acc_set_device_num()'. If | |
however, the aforementioned environment variables were set, then the | |
call to 'acc_set_device_num()' would not be required. | |
The use of the environment variables is only relevant when an OpenACC | |
function is called prior to a call to 'cudaCreate()'. If 'cudaCreate()' | |
is called prior to a call to an OpenACC function, then you must call | |
'acc_set_device_num()'(2) | |
---------- Footnotes ---------- | |
(1) See section 2.26, "Interactions with the CUDA Driver API" in | |
"CUDA Runtime API", Version 5.5, and section 2.27, "VDPAU | |
Interoperability", in "CUDA Driver API", TRM-06703-001, Version 5.5, for | |
additional information on library interoperability. | |
(2) More complete information about 'ACC_DEVICE_TYPE' and | |
'ACC_DEVICE_NUM' can be found in sections 4.1 and 4.2 of the OpenACC | |
(https://www.openacc.org) Application Programming Interface”, Version | |
2.6. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: OpenACC Profiling Interface, Next: The libgomp ABI, Prev: OpenACC Library Interoperability, Up: Top | |
9 OpenACC Profiling Interface | |
***************************** | |
9.1 Implementation Status and Implementation-Defined Behavior | |
============================================================= | |
We're implementing the OpenACC Profiling Interface as defined by the | |
OpenACC 2.6 specification. We're clarifying some aspects here as | |
_implementation-defined behavior_, while they're still under discussion | |
within the OpenACC Technical Committee. | |
This implementation is tuned to keep the performance impact as low as | |
possible for the (very common) case that the Profiling Interface is not | |
enabled. This is relevant, as the Profiling Interface affects all the | |
_hot_ code paths (in the target code, not in the offloaded code). Users | |
of the OpenACC Profiling Interface can be expected to understand that | |
performance will be impacted to some degree once the Profiling Interface | |
has gotten enabled: for example, because of the _runtime_ (libgomp) | |
calling into a third-party _library_ for every event that has been | |
registered. | |
We're not yet accounting for the fact that 'OpenACC events may occur | |
during event processing'. We just handle one case specially, as | |
required by CUDA 9.0 'nvprof', that 'acc_get_device_type' (*note | |
acc_get_device_type::)) may be called from 'acc_ev_device_init_start', | |
'acc_ev_device_init_end' callbacks. | |
We're not yet implementing initialization via a | |
'acc_register_library' function that is either statically linked in, or | |
dynamically via 'LD_PRELOAD'. Initialization via 'acc_register_library' | |
functions dynamically loaded via the 'ACC_PROFLIB' environment variable | |
does work, as does directly calling 'acc_prof_register', | |
'acc_prof_unregister', 'acc_prof_lookup'. | |
As currently there are no inquiry functions defined, calls to | |
'acc_prof_lookup' will always return 'NULL'. | |
There aren't separate _start_, _stop_ events defined for the event | |
types 'acc_ev_create', 'acc_ev_delete', 'acc_ev_alloc', 'acc_ev_free'. | |
It's not clear if these should be triggered before or after the actual | |
device-specific call is made. We trigger them after. | |
Remarks about data provided to callbacks: | |
'acc_prof_info.event_type' | |
It's not clear if for _nested_ event callbacks (for example, | |
'acc_ev_enqueue_launch_start' as part of a parent compute | |
construct), this should be set for the nested event | |
('acc_ev_enqueue_launch_start'), or if the value of the parent | |
construct should remain ('acc_ev_compute_construct_start'). In | |
this implementation, the value will generally correspond to the | |
innermost nested event type. | |
'acc_prof_info.device_type' | |
* For 'acc_ev_compute_construct_start', and in presence of an | |
'if' clause with _false_ argument, this will still refer to | |
the offloading device type. It's not clear if that's the | |
expected behavior. | |
* Complementary to the item before, for | |
'acc_ev_compute_construct_end', this is set to | |
'acc_device_host' in presence of an 'if' clause with _false_ | |
argument. It's not clear if that's the expected behavior. | |
'acc_prof_info.thread_id' | |
Always '-1'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_prof_info.async' | |
* Not yet implemented correctly for | |
'acc_ev_compute_construct_start'. | |
* In a compute construct, for host-fallback | |
execution/'acc_device_host' it will always be | |
'acc_async_sync'. It's not clear if that's the expected | |
behavior. | |
* For 'acc_ev_device_init_start' and 'acc_ev_device_init_end', | |
it will always be 'acc_async_sync'. It's not clear if that's | |
the expected behavior. | |
'acc_prof_info.async_queue' | |
There is no 'limited number of asynchronous queues' in libgomp. | |
This will always have the same value as 'acc_prof_info.async'. | |
'acc_prof_info.src_file' | |
Always 'NULL'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_prof_info.func_name' | |
Always 'NULL'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_prof_info.line_no' | |
Always '-1'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_prof_info.end_line_no' | |
Always '-1'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_prof_info.func_line_no' | |
Always '-1'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_prof_info.func_end_line_no' | |
Always '-1'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_event_info.event_type', 'acc_event_info.*.event_type' | |
Relating to 'acc_prof_info.event_type' discussed above, in this | |
implementation, this will always be the same value as | |
'acc_prof_info.event_type'. | |
'acc_event_info.*.parent_construct' | |
* Will be 'acc_construct_parallel' for all OpenACC compute | |
constructs as well as many OpenACC Runtime API calls; should | |
be the one matching the actual construct, or | |
'acc_construct_runtime_api', respectively. | |
* Will be 'acc_construct_enter_data' or | |
'acc_construct_exit_data' when processing variable mappings | |
specified in OpenACC _declare_ directives; should be | |
'acc_construct_declare'. | |
* For implicit 'acc_ev_device_init_start', | |
'acc_ev_device_init_end', and explicit as well as implicit | |
'acc_ev_alloc', 'acc_ev_free', 'acc_ev_enqueue_upload_start', | |
'acc_ev_enqueue_upload_end', 'acc_ev_enqueue_download_start', | |
and 'acc_ev_enqueue_download_end', will be | |
'acc_construct_parallel'; should reflect the real parent | |
construct. | |
'acc_event_info.*.implicit' | |
For 'acc_ev_alloc', 'acc_ev_free', 'acc_ev_enqueue_upload_start', | |
'acc_ev_enqueue_upload_end', 'acc_ev_enqueue_download_start', and | |
'acc_ev_enqueue_download_end', this currently will be '1' also for | |
explicit usage. | |
'acc_event_info.data_event.var_name' | |
Always 'NULL'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_event_info.data_event.host_ptr' | |
For 'acc_ev_alloc', and 'acc_ev_free', this is always 'NULL'. | |
'typedef union acc_api_info' | |
... as printed in '5.2.3. Third Argument: API-Specific | |
Information'. This should obviously be 'typedef _struct_ | |
acc_api_info'. | |
'acc_api_info.device_api' | |
Possibly not yet implemented correctly for | |
'acc_ev_compute_construct_start', 'acc_ev_device_init_start', | |
'acc_ev_device_init_end': will always be 'acc_device_api_none' for | |
these event types. For 'acc_ev_enter_data_start', it will be | |
'acc_device_api_none' in some cases. | |
'acc_api_info.device_type' | |
Always the same as 'acc_prof_info.device_type'. | |
'acc_api_info.vendor' | |
Always '-1'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_api_info.device_handle' | |
Always 'NULL'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_api_info.context_handle' | |
Always 'NULL'; not yet implemented. | |
'acc_api_info.async_handle' | |
Always 'NULL'; not yet implemented. | |
Remarks about certain event types: | |
'acc_ev_device_init_start', 'acc_ev_device_init_end' | |
* Whan a compute construct triggers implicit | |
'acc_ev_device_init_start' and 'acc_ev_device_init_end' | |
events, they currently aren't _nested within_ the | |
corresponding 'acc_ev_compute_construct_start' and | |
'acc_ev_compute_construct_end', but they're currently observed | |
_before_ 'acc_ev_compute_construct_start'. It's not clear | |
what to do: the standard asks us provide a lot of details to | |
the 'acc_ev_compute_construct_start' callback, without | |
(implicitly) initializing a device before? | |
* Callbacks for these event types will not be invoked for calls | |
to the 'acc_set_device_type' and 'acc_set_device_num' | |
functions. It's not clear if they should be. | |
'acc_ev_enter_data_start', 'acc_ev_enter_data_end', 'acc_ev_exit_data_start', 'acc_ev_exit_data_end' | |
* Callbacks for these event types will also be invoked for | |
OpenACC _host_data_ constructs. It's not clear if they should | |
be. | |
* Callbacks for these event types will also be invoked when | |
processing variable mappings specified in OpenACC _declare_ | |
directives. It's not clear if they should be. | |
Callbacks for the following event types will be invoked, but dispatch | |
and information provided therein has not yet been thoroughly reviewed: | |
* 'acc_ev_alloc' | |
* 'acc_ev_free' | |
* 'acc_ev_update_start', 'acc_ev_update_end' | |
* 'acc_ev_enqueue_upload_start', 'acc_ev_enqueue_upload_end' | |
* 'acc_ev_enqueue_download_start', 'acc_ev_enqueue_download_end' | |
During device initialization, and finalization, respectively, | |
callbacks for the following event types will not yet be invoked: | |
* 'acc_ev_alloc' | |
* 'acc_ev_free' | |
Callbacks for the following event types have not yet been | |
implemented, so currently won't be invoked: | |
* 'acc_ev_device_shutdown_start', 'acc_ev_device_shutdown_end' | |
* 'acc_ev_runtime_shutdown' | |
* 'acc_ev_create', 'acc_ev_delete' | |
* 'acc_ev_wait_start', 'acc_ev_wait_end' | |
For the following runtime library functions, not all expected | |
callbacks will be invoked (mostly concerning implicit device | |
initialization): | |
* 'acc_get_num_devices' | |
* 'acc_set_device_type' | |
* 'acc_get_device_type' | |
* 'acc_set_device_num' | |
* 'acc_get_device_num' | |
* 'acc_init' | |
* 'acc_shutdown' | |
Aside from implicit device initialization, for the following runtime | |
library functions, no callbacks will be invoked for shared-memory | |
offloading devices (it's not clear if they should be): | |
* 'acc_malloc' | |
* 'acc_free' | |
* 'acc_copyin', 'acc_present_or_copyin', 'acc_copyin_async' | |
* 'acc_create', 'acc_present_or_create', 'acc_create_async' | |
* 'acc_copyout', 'acc_copyout_async', 'acc_copyout_finalize', | |
'acc_copyout_finalize_async' | |
* 'acc_delete', 'acc_delete_async', 'acc_delete_finalize', | |
'acc_delete_finalize_async' | |
* 'acc_update_device', 'acc_update_device_async' | |
* 'acc_update_self', 'acc_update_self_async' | |
* 'acc_map_data', 'acc_unmap_data' | |
* 'acc_memcpy_to_device', 'acc_memcpy_to_device_async' | |
* 'acc_memcpy_from_device', 'acc_memcpy_from_device_async' | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: The libgomp ABI, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: OpenACC Profiling Interface, Up: Top | |
10 The libgomp ABI | |
****************** | |
The following sections present notes on the external ABI as presented by | |
libgomp. Only maintainers should need them. | |
* Menu: | |
* Implementing MASTER construct:: | |
* Implementing CRITICAL construct:: | |
* Implementing ATOMIC construct:: | |
* Implementing FLUSH construct:: | |
* Implementing BARRIER construct:: | |
* Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct:: | |
* Implementing PRIVATE clause:: | |
* Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses:: | |
* Implementing REDUCTION clause:: | |
* Implementing PARALLEL construct:: | |
* Implementing FOR construct:: | |
* Implementing ORDERED construct:: | |
* Implementing SECTIONS construct:: | |
* Implementing SINGLE construct:: | |
* Implementing OpenACC's PARALLEL construct:: | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing MASTER construct, Next: Implementing CRITICAL construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.1 Implementing MASTER construct | |
================================== | |
if (omp_get_thread_num () == 0) | |
block | |
Alternately, we generate two copies of the parallel subfunction and | |
only include this in the version run by the master thread. Surely this | |
is not worthwhile though... | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing CRITICAL construct, Next: Implementing ATOMIC construct, Prev: Implementing MASTER construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.2 Implementing CRITICAL construct | |
==================================== | |
Without a specified name, | |
void GOMP_critical_start (void); | |
void GOMP_critical_end (void); | |
so that we don't get COPY relocations from libgomp to the main | |
application. | |
With a specified name, use omp_set_lock and omp_unset_lock with name | |
being transformed into a variable declared like | |
omp_lock_t gomp_critical_user_<name> __attribute__((common)) | |
Ideally the ABI would specify that all zero is a valid unlocked | |
state, and so we wouldn't need to initialize this at startup. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing ATOMIC construct, Next: Implementing FLUSH construct, Prev: Implementing CRITICAL construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.3 Implementing ATOMIC construct | |
================================== | |
The target should implement the '__sync' builtins. | |
Failing that we could add | |
void GOMP_atomic_enter (void) | |
void GOMP_atomic_exit (void) | |
which reuses the regular lock code, but with yet another lock object | |
private to the library. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing FLUSH construct, Next: Implementing BARRIER construct, Prev: Implementing ATOMIC construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.4 Implementing FLUSH construct | |
================================= | |
Expands to the '__sync_synchronize' builtin. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing BARRIER construct, Next: Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct, Prev: Implementing FLUSH construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.5 Implementing BARRIER construct | |
=================================== | |
void GOMP_barrier (void) | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct, Next: Implementing PRIVATE clause, Prev: Implementing BARRIER construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.6 Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct | |
========================================= | |
In _most_ cases we can map this directly to '__thread'. Except that OMP | |
allows constructors for C++ objects. We can either refuse to support | |
this (how often is it used?) or we can implement something akin to | |
.ctors. | |
Even more ideally, this ctor feature is handled by extensions to the | |
main pthreads library. Failing that, we can have a set of entry points | |
to register ctor functions to be called. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing PRIVATE clause, Next: Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses, Prev: Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.7 Implementing PRIVATE clause | |
================================ | |
In association with a PARALLEL, or within the lexical extent of a | |
PARALLEL block, the variable becomes a local variable in the parallel | |
subfunction. | |
In association with FOR or SECTIONS blocks, create a new automatic | |
variable within the current function. This preserves the semantic of | |
new variable creation. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses, Next: Implementing REDUCTION clause, Prev: Implementing PRIVATE clause, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.8 Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses | |
========================================================================= | |
This seems simple enough for PARALLEL blocks. Create a private struct | |
for communicating between the parent and subfunction. In the parent, | |
copy in values for scalar and "small" structs; copy in addresses for | |
others TREE_ADDRESSABLE types. In the subfunction, copy the value into | |
the local variable. | |
It is not clear what to do with bare FOR or SECTION blocks. The only | |
thing I can figure is that we do something like: | |
#pragma omp for firstprivate(x) lastprivate(y) | |
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) | |
body; | |
which becomes | |
{ | |
int x = x, y; | |
// for stuff | |
if (i == n) | |
y = y; | |
} | |
where the "x=x" and "y=y" assignments actually have different uids | |
for the two variables, i.e. not something you could write directly in | |
C. Presumably this only makes sense if the "outer" x and y are global | |
variables. | |
COPYPRIVATE would work the same way, except the structure broadcast | |
would have to happen via SINGLE machinery instead. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing REDUCTION clause, Next: Implementing PARALLEL construct, Prev: Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.9 Implementing REDUCTION clause | |
================================== | |
The private struct mentioned in the previous section should have a | |
pointer to an array of the type of the variable, indexed by the thread's | |
TEAM_ID. The thread stores its final value into the array, and after | |
the barrier, the master thread iterates over the array to collect the | |
values. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing PARALLEL construct, Next: Implementing FOR construct, Prev: Implementing REDUCTION clause, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.10 Implementing PARALLEL construct | |
===================================== | |
#pragma omp parallel | |
{ | |
body; | |
} | |
becomes | |
void subfunction (void *data) | |
{ | |
use data; | |
body; | |
} | |
setup data; | |
GOMP_parallel_start (subfunction, &data, num_threads); | |
subfunction (&data); | |
GOMP_parallel_end (); | |
void GOMP_parallel_start (void (*fn)(void *), void *data, unsigned num_threads) | |
The FN argument is the subfunction to be run in parallel. | |
The DATA argument is a pointer to a structure used to communicate | |
data in and out of the subfunction, as discussed above with respect to | |
FIRSTPRIVATE et al. | |
The NUM_THREADS argument is 1 if an IF clause is present and false, | |
or the value of the NUM_THREADS clause, if present, or 0. | |
The function needs to create the appropriate number of threads and/or | |
launch them from the dock. It needs to create the team structure and | |
assign team ids. | |
void GOMP_parallel_end (void) | |
Tears down the team and returns us to the previous | |
'omp_in_parallel()' state. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing FOR construct, Next: Implementing ORDERED construct, Prev: Implementing PARALLEL construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.11 Implementing FOR construct | |
================================ | |
#pragma omp parallel for | |
for (i = lb; i <= ub; i++) | |
body; | |
becomes | |
void subfunction (void *data) | |
{ | |
long _s0, _e0; | |
while (GOMP_loop_static_next (&_s0, &_e0)) | |
{ | |
long _e1 = _e0, i; | |
for (i = _s0; i < _e1; i++) | |
body; | |
} | |
GOMP_loop_end_nowait (); | |
} | |
GOMP_parallel_loop_static (subfunction, NULL, 0, lb, ub+1, 1, 0); | |
subfunction (NULL); | |
GOMP_parallel_end (); | |
#pragma omp for schedule(runtime) | |
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) | |
body; | |
becomes | |
{ | |
long i, _s0, _e0; | |
if (GOMP_loop_runtime_start (0, n, 1, &_s0, &_e0)) | |
do { | |
long _e1 = _e0; | |
for (i = _s0, i < _e0; i++) | |
body; | |
} while (GOMP_loop_runtime_next (&_s0, _&e0)); | |
GOMP_loop_end (); | |
} | |
Note that while it looks like there is trickiness to propagating a | |
non-constant STEP, there isn't really. We're explicitly allowed to | |
evaluate it as many times as we want, and any variables involved should | |
automatically be handled as PRIVATE or SHARED like any other variables. | |
So the expression should remain evaluable in the subfunction. We can | |
also pull it into a local variable if we like, but since its supposed to | |
remain unchanged, we can also not if we like. | |
If we have SCHEDULE(STATIC), and no ORDERED, then we ought to be able | |
to get away with no work-sharing context at all, since we can simply | |
perform the arithmetic directly in each thread to divide up the | |
iterations. Which would mean that we wouldn't need to call any of these | |
routines. | |
There are separate routines for handling loops with an ORDERED | |
clause. Bookkeeping for that is non-trivial... | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing ORDERED construct, Next: Implementing SECTIONS construct, Prev: Implementing FOR construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.12 Implementing ORDERED construct | |
==================================== | |
void GOMP_ordered_start (void) | |
void GOMP_ordered_end (void) | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing SECTIONS construct, Next: Implementing SINGLE construct, Prev: Implementing ORDERED construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.13 Implementing SECTIONS construct | |
===================================== | |
A block as | |
#pragma omp sections | |
{ | |
#pragma omp section | |
stmt1; | |
#pragma omp section | |
stmt2; | |
#pragma omp section | |
stmt3; | |
} | |
becomes | |
for (i = GOMP_sections_start (3); i != 0; i = GOMP_sections_next ()) | |
switch (i) | |
{ | |
case 1: | |
stmt1; | |
break; | |
case 2: | |
stmt2; | |
break; | |
case 3: | |
stmt3; | |
break; | |
} | |
GOMP_barrier (); | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing SINGLE construct, Next: Implementing OpenACC's PARALLEL construct, Prev: Implementing SECTIONS construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.14 Implementing SINGLE construct | |
=================================== | |
A block like | |
#pragma omp single | |
{ | |
body; | |
} | |
becomes | |
if (GOMP_single_start ()) | |
body; | |
GOMP_barrier (); | |
while | |
#pragma omp single copyprivate(x) | |
body; | |
becomes | |
datap = GOMP_single_copy_start (); | |
if (datap == NULL) | |
{ | |
body; | |
data.x = x; | |
GOMP_single_copy_end (&data); | |
} | |
else | |
x = datap->x; | |
GOMP_barrier (); | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Implementing OpenACC's PARALLEL construct, Prev: Implementing SINGLE construct, Up: The libgomp ABI | |
10.15 Implementing OpenACC's PARALLEL construct | |
=============================================== | |
void GOACC_parallel () | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Copying, Prev: The libgomp ABI, Up: Top | |
11 Reporting Bugs | |
***************** | |
Bugs in the GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library should | |
be reported via Bugzilla (https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/). Please add | |
"openacc", or "openmp", or both to the keywords field in the bug report, | |
as appropriate. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Copying, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Top | |
GNU General Public License | |
************************** | |
Version 3, 29 June 2007 | |
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/> | |
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this | |
license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
Preamble | |
======== | |
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software | |
and other kinds of works. | |
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed | |
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, | |
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to | |
share and change all versions of a program-to make sure it remains free | |
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the | |
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to | |
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to | |
your programs, too. | |
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you | |
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new | |
free programs, and that you know you can do these things. | |
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you | |
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have | |
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if | |
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. | |
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same | |
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive | |
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they | |
know their rights. | |
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: | |
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License | |
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it. | |
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains | |
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and | |
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as | |
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to | |
authors of previous versions. | |
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run | |
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer | |
can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of | |
protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic | |
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to | |
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we | |
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those | |
products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we | |
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions | |
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users. | |
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. | |
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of | |
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to | |
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could | |
make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that | |
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free. | |
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
modification follow. | |
TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
==================== | |
0. Definitions. | |
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public | |
License. | |
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other | |
kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks. | |
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this | |
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and | |
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations. | |
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the | |
work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the | |
making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified | |
version" of the earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work. | |
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work | |
based on the Program. | |
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without | |
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for | |
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on | |
a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes | |
copying, distribution (with or without modification), making | |
available to the public, and in some countries other activities as | |
well. | |
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other | |
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user | |
through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not | |
conveying. | |
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" | |
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible | |
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) | |
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to | |
the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey | |
the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this | |
License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or | |
options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this | |
criterion. | |
1. Source Code. | |
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work | |
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source | |
form of a work. | |
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an | |
official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in | |
the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming | |
language, one that is widely used among developers working in that | |
language. | |
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, | |
other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal | |
form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that | |
Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with | |
that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for | |
which an implementation is available to the public in source code | |
form. A "Major Component", in this context, means a major | |
essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the | |
specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work | |
runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code | |
interpreter used to run it. | |
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all | |
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable | |
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts | |
to control those activities. However, it does not include the | |
work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally | |
available free programs which are used unmodified in performing | |
those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, | |
Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated | |
with source files for the work, and the source code for shared | |
libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is | |
specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data | |
communication or control flow between those subprograms and other | |
parts of the work. | |
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can | |
regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding | |
Source. | |
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that | |
same work. | |
2. Basic Permissions. | |
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of | |
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated | |
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited | |
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running | |
a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given | |
its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges | |
your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by | |
copyright law. | |
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not | |
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise | |
remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the | |
sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, | |
or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided | |
that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all | |
material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making | |
or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your | |
behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit | |
them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside | |
their relationship with you. | |
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under | |
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section | |
10 makes it unnecessary. | |
3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law. | |
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological | |
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under | |
article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December | |
1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of | |
such measures. | |
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid | |
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such | |
circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License | |
with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to | |
limit operation or modification of the work as a means of | |
enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal | |
rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures. | |
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies. | |
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you | |
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and | |
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; | |
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any | |
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the | |
code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and | |
give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program. | |
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, | |
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee. | |
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions. | |
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to | |
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the | |
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these | |
conditions: | |
a. The work must carry prominent notices stating that you | |
modified it, and giving a relevant date. | |
b. The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is | |
released under this License and any conditions added under | |
section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in | |
section 4 to "keep intact all notices". | |
c. You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this | |
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This | |
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable | |
section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all | |
its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License | |
gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but | |
it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately | |
received it. | |
d. If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display | |
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has | |
interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal | |
Notices, your work need not make them do so. | |
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent | |
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered | |
work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger | |
program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is | |
called an "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting | |
copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the | |
compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this | |
License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate. | |
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms. | |
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms | |
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the | |
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this | |
License, in one of these ways: | |
a. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product | |
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the | |
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium | |
customarily used for software interchange. | |
b. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product | |
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a | |
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as | |
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that | |
product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code | |
either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the | |
software in the product that is covered by this License, on a | |
durable physical medium customarily used for software | |
interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of | |
physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access | |
to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no | |
charge. | |
c. Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the | |
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This | |
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, | |
and only if you received the object code with such an offer, | |
in accord with subsection 6b. | |
d. Convey the object code by offering access from a designated | |
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to | |
the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same | |
place at no further charge. You need not require recipients | |
to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. | |
If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the | |
Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by | |
you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying | |
facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the | |
object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. | |
Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you | |
remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as | |
needed to satisfy these requirements. | |
e. Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, | |
provided you inform other peers where the object code and | |
Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the | |
general public at no charge under subsection 6d. | |
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is | |
excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need | |
not be included in conveying the object code work. | |
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means | |
any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, | |
family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for | |
incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is | |
a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of | |
coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, | |
"normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of | |
product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the | |
way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is | |
expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product | |
regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, | |
industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the | |
only significant mode of use of the product. | |
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, | |
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to | |
install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that | |
User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. | |
The information must suffice to ensure that the continued | |
functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or | |
interfered with solely because modification has been made. | |
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, | |
or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying | |
occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession | |
and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in | |
perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction | |
is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this | |
section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But | |
this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party | |
retains the ability to install modified object code on the User | |
Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM). | |
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not | |
include a requirement to continue to provide support service, | |
warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed | |
by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been | |
modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the | |
modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation | |
of the network or violates the rules and protocols for | |
communication across the network. | |
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information | |
provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is | |
publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the | |
public in source code form), and must require no special password | |
or key for unpacking, reading or copying. | |
7. Additional Terms. | |
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of | |
this License by making exceptions from one or more of its | |
conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the | |
entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in | |
this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable | |
law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, | |
that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the | |
entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to | |
the additional permissions. | |
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option | |
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part | |
of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own | |
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place | |
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, | |
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission. | |
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material | |
you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright | |
holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with | |
terms: | |
a. Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from | |
the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or | |
b. Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices | |
or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate | |
Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or | |
c. Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, | |
or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked | |
in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or | |
d. Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors | |
or authors of the material; or | |
e. Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some | |
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or | |
f. Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that | |
material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified | |
versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to | |
the recipient, for any liability that these contractual | |
assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors. | |
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further | |
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as | |
you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that | |
it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further | |
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document | |
contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying | |
under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed | |
by the terms of that license document, provided that the further | |
restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying. | |
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you | |
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the | |
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating | |
where to find the applicable terms. | |
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in | |
the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; | |
the above requirements apply either way. | |
8. Termination. | |
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly | |
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or | |
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights | |
under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the | |
third paragraph of section 11). | |
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your | |
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) | |
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and | |
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the | |
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some | |
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. | |
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is | |
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the | |
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have | |
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from | |
that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days | |
after your receipt of the notice. | |
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate | |
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you | |
under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not | |
permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses | |
for the same material under section 10. | |
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. | |
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or | |
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work | |
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer | |
transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require | |
acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you | |
permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions | |
infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, | |
by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your | |
acceptance of this License to do so. | |
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. | |
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically | |
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and | |
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not | |
responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this | |
License. | |
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an | |
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an | |
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a | |
covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that | |
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever | |
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or | |
could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession | |
of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in | |
interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable | |
efforts. | |
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the | |
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you | |
may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise | |
of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate | |
litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) | |
alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, | |
selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion | |
of it. | |
11. Patents. | |
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this | |
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. | |
The work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor | |
version". | |
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims | |
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or | |
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, | |
permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its | |
contributor version, but do not include claims that would be | |
infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the | |
contributor version. For purposes of this definition, "control" | |
includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner | |
consistent with the requirements of this License. | |
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, | |
royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential | |
patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and | |
otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor | |
version. | |
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any | |
express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to | |
enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a | |
patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To "grant" | |
such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or | |
commitment not to enforce a patent against the party. | |
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent | |
license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available | |
for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this | |
License, through a publicly available network server or other | |
readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the | |
Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive | |
yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular | |
work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements | |
of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream | |
recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have actual knowledge | |
that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work | |
in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a | |
country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that | |
country that you have reason to believe are valid. | |
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or | |
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a | |
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties | |
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, | |
modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the | |
patent license you grant is automatically extended to all | |
recipients of the covered work and works based on it. | |
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within | |
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is | |
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that | |
are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a | |
covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third | |
party that is in the business of distributing software, under which | |
you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your | |
activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party | |
grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work | |
from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with | |
copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from | |
those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific | |
products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you | |
entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, | |
prior to 28 March 2007. | |
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting | |
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may | |
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. | |
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. | |
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement | |
or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they | |
do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you | |
cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your | |
obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, | |
then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, | |
if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for | |
further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the | |
only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would | |
be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. | |
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. | |
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have | |
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed | |
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a | |
single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms | |
of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the | |
covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero | |
General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through | |
a network will apply to the combination as such. | |
14. Revised Versions of this License. | |
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new | |
versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such | |
new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but | |
may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. | |
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the | |
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU | |
General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you | |
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of | |
that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free | |
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version | |
number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any | |
version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. | |
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future | |
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that | |
proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently | |
authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. | |
Later license versions may give you additional or different | |
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any | |
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a | |
later version. | |
15. Disclaimer of Warranty. | |
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY | |
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE | |
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" | |
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, | |
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE | |
RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. | |
SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL | |
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
16. Limitation of Liability. | |
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN | |
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES | |
AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR | |
DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR | |
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE | |
THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA | |
BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD | |
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF | |
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. | |
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided | |
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, | |
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely | |
approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in | |
connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of | |
liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. | |
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
=========================== | |
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | |
============================================= | |
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these | |
terms. | |
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the | |
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. | |
Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR | |
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at | |
your option) any later version. | |
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
General Public License for more details. | |
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper | |
mail. | |
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short | |
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR | |
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'. | |
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it | |
under certain conditions; type 'show c' for details. | |
The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the | |
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your | |
program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would | |
use an "about box". | |
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or | |
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if | |
necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow | |
the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your | |
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine | |
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary | |
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the | |
GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, | |
please read <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Funding, Prev: Copying, Up: Top | |
GNU Free Documentation License | |
****************************** | |
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 | |
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
<http://fsf.org/> | |
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
0. PREAMBLE | |
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to | |
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
with or without modifying it, either commercially or | |
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the | |
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not | |
being considered responsible for modifications made by others. | |
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative | |
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. | |
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
license designed for free software. | |
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for | |
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a | |
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms | |
that the software does. But this License is not limited to | |
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless | |
of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We | |
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is | |
instruction or reference. | |
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, | |
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can | |
be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice | |
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, | |
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The | |
"Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member | |
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept | |
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way | |
requiring permission under copyright law. | |
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the | |
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section | |
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall | |
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could | |
fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document | |
is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not | |
explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of | |
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or | |
of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position | |
regarding them. | |
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose | |
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the | |
notice that says that the Document is released under this License. | |
If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it | |
is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may | |
contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify | |
any Invariant Sections then there are none. | |
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are | |
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice | |
that says that the Document is released under this License. A | |
Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may | |
be at most 25 words. | |
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
general public, that is suitable for revising the document | |
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed | |
of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely | |
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text | |
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats | |
suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise | |
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has | |
been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by | |
readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if | |
used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not | |
"Transparent" is called "Opaque". | |
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, | |
SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming | |
simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. | |
Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. | |
Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and | |
edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which | |
the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and | |
the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word | |
processors for output purposes only. | |
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the | |
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For | |
works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title | |
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the | |
work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies | |
of the Document to the public. | |
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document | |
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses | |
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ | |
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as | |
"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) | |
To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the | |
Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according | |
to this definition. | |
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice | |
which states that this License applies to the Document. These | |
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in | |
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and | |
has no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
2. VERBATIM COPYING | |
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License | |
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you | |
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You | |
may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading | |
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, | |
you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you | |
distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the | |
conditions in section 3. | |
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, | |
and you may publicly display copies. | |
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly | |
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and | |
the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must | |
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all | |
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and | |
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly | |
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The | |
front cover must present the full title with all words of the title | |
equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the | |
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as | |
long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these | |
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto | |
adjacent pages. | |
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document | |
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable | |
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with | |
each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general | |
network-using public has access to download using public-standard | |
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free | |
of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take | |
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque | |
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will | |
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one | |
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or | |
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. | |
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of | |
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, | |
to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the | |
Document. | |
4. MODIFICATIONS | |
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document | |
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you | |
release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the | |
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing | |
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever | |
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in | |
the Modified Version: | |
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title | |
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous | |
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the | |
History section of the Document). You may use the same title | |
as a previous version if the original publisher of that | |
version gives permission. | |
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or | |
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in | |
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the | |
principal authors of the Document (all of its principal | |
authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you | |
from this requirement. | |
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license | |
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified | |
Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in | |
the Addendum below. | |
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant | |
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's | |
license notice. | |
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, | |
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new | |
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the | |
Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the | |
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and | |
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add | |
an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the | |
previous sentence. | |
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document | |
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and | |
likewise the network locations given in the Document for | |
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the | |
"History" section. You may omit a network location for a work | |
that was published at least four years before the Document | |
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers | |
to gives permission. | |
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", | |
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section | |
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor | |
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. | |
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered | |
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the | |
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | |
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section | |
may not be included in the Modified Version. | |
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled | |
"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant | |
Section. | |
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no | |
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate | |
some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their | |
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's | |
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other | |
section titles. | |
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains | |
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text | |
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative | |
definition of a standard. | |
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, | |
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of | |
the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage | |
of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document | |
already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added | |
by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on | |
behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old | |
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added | |
the old one. | |
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this | |
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to | |
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
You may combine the Document with other documents released under | |
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for | |
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all | |
of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, | |
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your | |
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all | |
their Warranty Disclaimers. | |
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name | |
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique | |
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the | |
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a | |
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in | |
the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the | |
combined work. | |
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled | |
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section | |
Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled | |
"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You | |
must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." | |
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other | |
documents released under this License, and replace the individual | |
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy | |
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the | |
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents | |
in all other respects. | |
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and | |
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert | |
a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this | |
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that | |
document. | |
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other | |
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a | |
storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the | |
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the | |
legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual | |
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this | |
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which | |
are not themselves derivative works of the Document. | |
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half | |
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed | |
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic | |
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket | |
the whole aggregate. | |
8. TRANSLATION | |
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section | |
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | |
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also | |
include the original English version of this License and the | |
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a | |
disagreement between the translation and the original version of | |
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will | |
prevail. | |
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", | |
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to | |
Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the | |
actual title. | |
9. TERMINATION | |
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document | |
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, | |
and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your | |
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) | |
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and | |
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the | |
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some | |
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. | |
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is | |
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the | |
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have | |
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from | |
that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days | |
after your receipt of the notice. | |
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate | |
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you | |
under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not | |
permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the | |
same material does not give you any rights to use it. | |
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of | |
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
<http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. | |
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version | |
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered | |
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you | |
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of | |
that specified version or of any later version that has been | |
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the | |
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may | |
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free | |
Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can | |
decide which future versions of this License can be used, that | |
proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently | |
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. | |
11. RELICENSING | |
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any | |
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also | |
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A | |
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. | |
A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the | |
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC | |
site. | |
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 | |
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit | |
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, | |
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license | |
published by that same organization. | |
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or | |
in part, as part of another Document. | |
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this | |
License, and if all works that were first published under this | |
License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently | |
incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover | |
texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior | |
to November 1, 2008. | |
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the | |
site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, | |
2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. | |
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
==================================================== | |
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license | |
notices just after the title page: | |
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. | |
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 | |
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover | |
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
Free Documentation License''. | |
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover | |
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: | |
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with | |
the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts | |
being LIST. | |
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | |
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
situation. | |
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free | |
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit | |
their use in free software. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Funding, Next: Library Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top | |
Funding Free Software | |
********************* | |
If you want to have more free software a few years from now, it makes | |
sense for you to help encourage people to contribute funds for its | |
development. The most effective approach known is to encourage | |
commercial redistributors to donate. | |
Users of free software systems can boost the pace of development by | |
encouraging for-a-fee distributors to donate part of their selling price | |
to free software developers--the Free Software Foundation, and others. | |
The way to convince distributors to do this is to demand it and | |
expect it from them. So when you compare distributors, judge them | |
partly by how much they give to free software development. Show | |
distributors they must compete to be the one who gives the most. | |
To make this approach work, you must insist on numbers that you can | |
compare, such as, "We will donate ten dollars to the Frobnitz project | |
for each disk sold." Don't be satisfied with a vague promise, such as | |
"A portion of the profits are donated," since it doesn't give a basis | |
for comparison. | |
Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this disk" is not very | |
meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated business decisions | |
can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit. If | |
the price you pay is $50, ten percent of the profit is probably less | |
than a dollar; it might be a few cents, or nothing at all. | |
Some redistributors do development work themselves. This is useful | |
too; but to keep everyone honest, you need to inquire how much they do, | |
and what kind. Some kinds of development make much more long-term | |
difference than others. For example, maintaining a separate version of | |
a program contributes very little; maintaining the standard version of a | |
program for the whole community contributes much. Easy new ports | |
contribute little, since someone else would surely do them; difficult | |
ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU Compiler Collection contribute | |
more; major new features or packages contribute the most. | |
By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the | |
proper thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can | |
assure a steady flow of resources into making more free software. | |
Copyright (C) 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
Verbatim copying and redistribution of this section is permitted | |
without royalty; alteration is not permitted. | |
File: libgomp.info, Node: Library Index, Prev: Funding, Up: Top | |
Library Index | |
************* | |