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+THE
+
+
+TWENTY-FOUR BOOKS
+
+
+OF THE
+
+
+HOLY SCRIPTURES
+
+CAREFULLY TRANSLATED
+
+ACCORDING TO THE MASSORETIC TEXT, ON THE BASIS OF THE
+
+ENGLISH VERSION.
+
+AND sri'I'MEI) WITH
+
+SHORT EXPLANATORY NOTES.
+
+BY
+
+ISAAC LEESER.
+
+
+'For it shall not be forgotten out of the mouth of his seed."— Deut. xxxi. 21.
+
+
+M
+
+
+EDIIION
+
+
+1891.
+
+FROM THE AMERICAN HEBREW I'flil.ISHINC IIOf.SK.
+
+THE BLOCH PUBLISHING ANH PRINTIX*; COMPANY.
+
+CiNriNNATI. C'lIIf Aliu.
+
+
+L-i
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+L\ presenting this work to the public, the transhitor wouW merely remark, that it is not a new notion
+by which he was seized of late years which impelled him to the task, but a desire entertained for more than
+a quarter of a century, since the day he ([uitted school in his native land to come to this country, to present
+to his fellow-Israelites an English version, made by one of themselves, of the Holy Word of God. Fi-om
+early infancy he was made conscious how much persons differing from us in religious ideas make use
+of Scripture to assail Israel's hope and faith, by what he deems, in accordance with the well-settled
+opinions of sound critics, both Israelites and others, a perverted and hence erroneous rendering of the
+words of the original Bible. Therefore he always entertained the hope to be one day permitted to do for
+his fellow Hebrews who use the English as their vernacular, what liad been done for the Germans by some
+of the most eminent minds whom the Almighty has endowed with the power of reanimating in us the al-
+most expiring desire for critical inquiry into the sacred te.xt. So much had been done by these, that the
+translator's labours were rendered comparatively easy ; since he had before him the best results of the
+studies of modern German Israelites, carried on for the space of eighty years, commencing with Moses
+Mendelssohn, Herz Wesel, or, as he was called, Ilartog Wesscly, and Solomon of Dulmo, down to Dr. L.
+Zunz,* of Berlin, whose work appeared in 183i>, Dr. Solomon Herxheinier, Rabbi of Aidialt-Bernburg,
+whose woi'k was completed five years ago, and of Dr. Lewis Philippson,t Rabbi of Magdeburg in Prussian
+Saxony, whose work is not yet quite conipletedj while writing this. In addition to these entire Bible trans-
+lations, the translator has had access to partial versions of separate books, by Ottensosser, Heinemann,
+Obernik, Ilochstiitter, Wolfson, Lciwenthal, and some anonymous writers, referred to occasionally in the notes
+appended to this work ; besides which he has had the advantage of the copious notes of Dr. Philijipson's
+and Dr. Herxheimer's Bibles, in which these learned men have collected the views of the investigators,
+both Israelites and others, in the path of biblical criticism. The ancient versions, als( , of Onkclos, Jona-
+than, and the Jerusalem Targumist have been carefully consulted ; and, wherever accessible, the comments of
+the great expounders Rashi, (Rabbi Shelemoh Yizchaki,) Redak, (Rabbi David Kimchi.) Aben Ezra, (Rabbi
+Abraham ben Mei'r ben Ezra,) Rashbam, (Rabbi Shelemoh ben Me'ir, the grandson of Rashi,) Ralbag,
+(Rabbi Levi ben Gershom,) and Rabbenu Sa'adyah (Saadias) Gaori, as also the Michlol Yo]ihi, and the
+modern Biurim, have been sedulously compared, so as to insure the utmost accuracy of which the translator
+is capable. His library is not vci-y extensive; but he trusts that the foregoing catalogue of auxiliary
+works will prove that he has had at hand as good materials as can be obtained anywhere to do justice to
+his undertaking. It must be left to those acquainted with the subject, to decide whether he has taken due
+advantage of the materials in his hand : but he trusts that the judgment will be in his favour, at least so
+far, that he has been honest and faithful.
+
+The translator is an Israelite in faith, in the full sense of the word : he believes in the Scriptiu'cs as
+they have been handed down to us ; in the truth and authenticity of prophecies and their ultimate literal
+fulfilment. He has always studied the Scriptures to find a confirmation for his faith and hope ; neverthe-
+less, he asserts fearlessly, that in his going through this work, he has thrown aside all bias, discarded
+every preconceived opinion, and translated the text before him without regard to the result thence arising
+for his creed. But no perversion or forced rendering of any text was needed to bear out liis opinions or
+those of Israelites in general ; and he for one would place but little confidence in them, if he were com-
+pelled to change the evident meaning of the Bible to find a support for them. He trusts, therefore, that
+to those who agree with him in their religious persuasion, he has rendered an acceptable service; as they
+will now have an opportunity to study a version of the Bible which has not been made by the authority
+
+* Dr. Zunz, whose work is often quoted in the notes, only translated the two books of Chronicles; but ho was aided by Rabbi
+Chayim Arnbeim, of Glogau, with Genesis, Exodu«, Leviticus, Numbers, the Hooks of Kings, Ezekiel. Ilosoa, Obadiah, Jonah, Miclin,
+Nalium, Zechariah, Proverbs, .Job, Ruth, Ecclesinstes, Esther, and Neheuiiah ; by Dr. Michael Sachs, then of Prague, but now of
+Berlin, with Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, the Books of Samuel, Isaiah, Joel, Amos, H.abakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Malachi.
+Psalms, the Song of Solomon, and Lamentations, (Jeremiah was translated by both conjointly:) and by Dr. Julius Fiirst, of
+Leipzig, with Daniel and Ezra. Occasionally in the notes, "Zunz" is named; at other tim^, the special translators.
+
+f The merit of the later translators consists tlierein that tliey liave adhered to the letter of the text, and not rendered it freely,
+to avoid difficulties and to improve the style, as was done by Mendelssohn apd bis immediate follo-jvefg, ^ close, literal rendering
+will be found to characterize this version also.
+
+J Only t9 1 Chronicles vi, 16, iii
+
+
+0505
+
+
+IV PREFACE.
+
+of churches in which they can have no confidence ; and that to those also who arc of a different persua-
+sion, his hibours will not be unacceptable, as exhibiting, so far as he could do it, the progress of biblical
+criticism among ancient and modern Israelites — a task utterly beyond the power of any but a Jew by
+birth and conviction.
+
+As regards the style, it has been endeavoured to adhere closely to that of the ordinary English version,
+which for simplicity cannot be surpassed ; though, upon a critical examination, it will readily be perceived
+that the various translators differed materially in their method, and frequently rendered the same word
+in different ways. In the present version, great care has been taken to avoid this fault ; but the translator
+does not mean to assert that he has succeeded to as great an extent as he could have desired. He will not
+enumerate what he has done ; but let any one who is desirous to investigate this point compare the two
+translations, and he will readily convince himself that this may be called a new version, especially of the
+Prophets, Psalms, and Job ; and he confidently hopes that the meaning has been rendered more clear by
+the version itself, and, where this was not altogether practicable, by the notes appended at the foot of the
+
+He found great difficulty about coming to a satisfactory resolution with regard to tlie spelling of the
+proper nouns. Any one the least acquainted with the manner they are presented in the common versions
+and the languages of Western Europe, must know that they are very much corrupted ; but tliey have in
+this shape become so much interwoven with the language of history and of daily conversation, that it
+would have produced endless confusion to spell them after the original manner. Hence the ordinary method
+had to be retained for words in constant use ; but where this was not the case, a spelling more in ac-
+cordance with the original has been resorted to. The j should always be pronounced as y, to accord with
+the Hebrew ; and ia as ya. A sliould be sounded as long ah ; c as long a ; i as long ec ; and u as oo.
+Cli stands for the Hebrew H j where J7 occurs in the Hebrew, an apostrophe ' has been used for the
+most part ; but there are no English letters to represent these sounds exactly. For instance, " Zecha-
+riah," pronounce Zecharyah ; "Jehu," as Yay-lwo, &c.
+
+The translator will not ask that his errors and misconceptions shall be excused ; but he trusts that any
+fault which may be discovered will be kindly pointed out to him, so that he may be able to make use of
+all such remarks to correct his work in a future edition ; and he for his own part will not be satisfied with
+what he has done, but endeavour to improve hy future experience.
+
+Whenever words have been supplied which are not in the text, but requisite to make the sense clear,
+they have been placed in parentheses; for instance, 1 Chron. iii. 9, "(These were) all the sons of David,"
+where there is no equivalent in Hebrew for "these were," though no sense could be made of the phrase
+without supplying these two words. The parenthesis is also used occasionally, but very seldom, to denote
+a construction, where an actual parenthesis of a whole sentence, or of one or more verses, occurs.
+
+The whole work has been undertaken at the sole responsibility, both mercantile and literary, of the
+translator. No individual has been questioned respecting the meaning of a single sentence ; and not an
+English book has been considted, except Bagster's Bible, a few notes of which have been incorporated
+with this. The peculiarity of the style will readily indicate them. The author's name would have been
+appended, had it been known to the translator.
+
+Althougli about the sixth part of the contents of this volume are notes, still he did not mean to write a
+commentary on the Bible, nor must the notes 1)0 regarded as any thing else tlian a mere slight aid for the
+explanation of grammatical and other difficulties. For this they are ]irobably ample enough ; otherwise
+they must appear very defective in quantity and manner.
+
+With these few remarks the translatoi' surrenders a labour in which ho has been engaged, occasionally,
+for more than fifteen years, to the kindness of the public, trusting that, by the blessing of the Father of
+all, it may be made instrumental in diffusing a taste for Scripture reading among the community of Is-
+raelites, and be the means of a better appreciation of the great treasures of revelation to many who never
+have had the ojiportunity of knowing what the Hebrews have done for niankin<l, not alone in preserving
+the sacred books, but by labouring to make them intelligible to the world at large.
+
+„ ( Klnl ]7lh, .WIS.
+
+I'lnr.AIlEI.l'lllA, ■ „ , or.,; IQT')
+
+' (^ iiejit. ZUth, 1853.
+
+
+V.
+
+
+GENERAL REMARKS.
+
+
+According to Dr. Zunz, the creation of tlie world dates 3988 before the eoiumoii era. The flood in 1656 after
+the creation. Abram born at Ur, 1948. Jacob goes to Egypt, 2238. Moses born, 2413. Exodus, and giving of
+the Decalogue, 2493. Entrance into Palestine, 2533. Deborah and Barak's victory, 2653. Death of 'Eli, 2877.
+Saul made king, 2900. His death, 2930. David acknowledged king by all Israel, 2937. Temple commenced,
+2973, in the year 480 after the Exodus. Division of the kingdom between Rehobo'am and Jerobo'am, 3010.
+Elijah, about 30(58, when Achab became king. Elisha' becomes Elijah's successor, 3090. Hoshea', the last king
+of Israel, 3259-3268, when Shalmenesser conquers Samaria, and carries the people into exile, while the kingdom
+of Judah yet continues under Hozekiah (3262) to Zedekiah (3402) in which year Nebuchadnezzar conquers
+Jerusalem, and carries the people mostly to Babylon, while a few fly to I^gypt, taking Jeremiah with them.
+Babylon conquered, 3450, and two years later Cyrus permits the Jews to return to Palestine under Zerubbabel and
+Jeshua'. The new temple is completed, 3472, that is, 516 before the common era. History of Ilanian, 3514.
+'Ezra comes to Palestine, 8530, and Neheraiah, 3544 ; returns t« Persia, 3556, and arrives again in Palestine, 3564.
+Jaddua' high-priest, 3656, and under him, two years later, Palestine is conquered by Alexander of Macedon.
+These few dates, it is hoped, will cluciilute, with the ]?ible text, the history of the Scriptures.
+
+The various ^ marks used in this work indicate the ^lassoretic sections, the only ones in use in the Hebrew MSS.
+without points, where neither chapter nor verse divisions are otherwise marked oft', except that between one verso
+and the other there is a little more space than between two ordinary words.
+
+The books of the Holy Scriptures are divided into the following classes : the Law, Pentateuch or Torah, Xebiim
+Kishonim, the Earlier Prophets, Nebiim Aeharonim, the Later Prophets, and Kefubim, Ilagiographa, or Holy
+Writings.
+
+The order of the books of the Holy Scriptures according to the usual Hebrew text is. Genesis, J^xodus,
+Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, comprising the Pentateuch. — Joshua, Judges, the First Book of Samuel,
+the Second Book of Samuel, the First Book i^f the Kings, and the Second Book of the Kings, comprising the
+Earlier I'ropiiets. — Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezokiel, and the twelve minor prophets, (to wit, Hosea, Joel, Amos,
+Obadiah, Jonah, 31icliah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi,) comprising the Later
+Prophets. — Psalms, Proverbs, Job, the five rolls, (to wit, the Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes,
+and Esther,) Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, the First and Second Books of Chronicles, comprising the Hagiographa,
+or Holy Writings.
+
+The Jews also divide the Law in fifty-four sections, which are called after the first distiiictivi^ word in each
+section. For instance : the first of these sections is called Bere.shitii, from the first word of the Bible, signifying
+" in the beginning." The name of the first section in each book of the Pentateuch is also applied to that book ;
+thus. Genesis is called Bocsliitli ; Exodus, S/icriwt/i ; Leviticus, Yai/ikra ; }\ umhcrs, Brm id bar ; and ]1cuteronomy,
+DcJxirim. Ijcviticus is also called Tora/h Cohcniim, and Deuteronomy, MUltnrh Torah. The whole law is read
+once every year in the Synagogue and families, together with a corresponding section (HAPnTiiRAll) of the
+prophetic books — that is, excluding the Hagiographa, the third division of this work. Occasionally two weekly
+sections are read together, when mostly the Haphtorah of the second to the exclusion of the first is recited. So
+also arc the especial Haphtoroth for Sabbath New-Moon, or when new moon is on the first day of the week, first
+and second Sabliath Chanuckah, Parshath Shekalim, Zachor, Parah, and Hachodesh, as also Shim'u for Mattoth,
+likewise 'Aniyah So'arah for Keay, and Soss Assiss for Nizabim and Vayelcch, read instead of the usual ones
+indicated for the respective occasions. The name of each weekly section is placed at its commencement, as also at
+the head of the pages embracing the same, and the Haphtorah is indicated at the end of each. The weekly
+sections ai'C divided oiF in seven subdivisions called Parashiyoth, or Parassahs, whieli are marked off' in this work
+with a *; so also the few verses read for the M(ipliteri\ or the one who reads the Haphtorah, as will apjicar from
+inspection.
+
+In addition to the above, the first division of nest week's section is read every Sabbath afternoon and iMonday
+and Thursday morning, unless on these days some other portion should be read, because of there being a fast, ot
+half or entire holiday.
+
+
+VI
+
+
+GENERAL REMARKS.
+
+
+The subjoined is a table of tlic Law scetions and Haphtorotli for the various occasions :
+
+Parasuau. Haphtorah.
+
+1st day of New Year Genesis xxi. 1-34. 1 Sam. i.-ii. 10.
+
+2d " " " " xxii. 1-2-1. Jeremiah xxxi. 2-20.
+
+On both days also Numb. xxix. 1-6.
+
+Sabbath Teshubah The weekly section. As given after Vayelech.
+
+T^ „ . . , f Leviticus xvi. 1-.34. ) ^ .,,...,.,..., ,
+
+Day 01 Atonement, morninu » .j , . „ ,, y Isaiah Ivii. 14-lviii. 14.
+
+•' ' ^ ( JNumb. XXIX. 7-11. J
+
+f Book of Jonah.
+
+" " afternoon... Leviticus xviii. l-.'50. -' Portuguese add three last verses
+
+( of aiieah.
+
+T , , !• m 1 1 ( Leviticus xxii. 26-xxiii. 44. ] r/ i • i •
+
+1st day of labernacles < -.j , . ,,, ,^ ]■ /jecliiinali xiv.
+
+•' ( Numb. XXIX. 12-1/. )
+
+2d " " the same as first day. 1 Kings viii. 2-21.
+
+■.,. 1 11 J f. J f from Numb. xxix. 17-34,
+
+Middle days of do J. ., '
+
+•' [ the proper verses.
+
+i Exod. xxxiii. 12— xxxiv. 20. "|
+
+Sabbath of do - from Numb. xxix. 17-34, [- Ezckicl xxxviii. 18-xxxix. 16.
+
+( the proper verses. )
+
+Tj,. , ,, J ( Deut.* xiv. 22-xvi. 17. 1 Kings viii. 54-60.
+
+Jliighth day -^ at u • oc -i
+
+'^ •' (Numb. xxix. 35-xxx. 1.
+
+(^ Deut. xxxiii. 1-xxxiv. 12. Joshua i. 1-18.
+
+Rejoicing of the Law < Gen. i. 1-ii. 3. Portuguese only 1-0.
+
+( Numb. xxix. 35-xxx. 1.
+
+nx \ 1 i Numi). vii.t each day,
+
+Chanuckah < ^, ' •"
+
+( the proper verses.
+
+On Sth day end with viii. 1^.
+
+f Usual weekly section, and the ")
+Sabbaths of do -' proper passages from'Nun.b. [- See end of Genesis.
+
+( vi. vii. and viii. )
+
+Shekalim See end of Exodus. " Exodus.
+
+Zaclior
+
+Purim Exodus xvii. 8-15. " "
+
+Parah See end of Exodus. " "
+
+Ilaehodesh " " "
+
+Haggadole Weekly section. " Leviticus.
+
+1st day of Passover Exod. xii.J 21-50. Joshua v. 2-vi. 1.
+
+2d " " Levit. xxii. 20-xxsiii. 44. 2 Kings§ xxiii. 1-25.
+
+On both days also Numb, xxviii. 10-25.
+
+1 Middle days of Exod. xiii. 1-16.
+
+2 " " " xxii. 24-xxiii. 19.
+
+8 " " " xxxiv. 1-26.11
+
+4 " " Numb. ix. 1-14.
+
+Sabbath of M. I), of Passover... Exod. xxxiii. 12-xxxiv. 26. EzekielT[ xxxvii. 1-14.
+
+7th Day of Passover Exod. xiii. 17-xv. 26. 2 Samuel xxii. 1-51.
+
+Sth " " " Deut.** xiv. 22-xvi. 17. Isaiah x. 32-xii. 6.
+
+On all six days read also Numb, xxviii. 19-25.
+
+1 of Pentecost Exod. xix. 1-xx. 23. Ezckiel i. entire, iii. 12.
+
+2" " Deut.ft xiv. 22-xvi. 17. Hab. ii. 20-iii. 19.
+
+On both days also Numb, xxi.x. 26-31.
+
+New-moon days " xxviii. 1-15.
+
+Sabbath of do See end of Genesis.
+
+i''ast days Exod. xxxii. 11-14, In the afternoon.
+
+xxxiv. 1-10. Isaiah Iv. 6-lvi. 8.|:|:
+
+Fast of Ab, morning ) Pent. iv. 25—40. Jeremiah viii. 13-ix. 23.
+
+" " .'inernoon ( .\s on other fasts. As on other fasts.
+
+
+* This is if on Sabbath, otherwise xv. 19-xvi. 17.
+
+■f Tho Poringnei^e n(M on tlic first day vi. 22-27.
+
+t ICon Sabl>.atti. Vortu^iicso oouunenco veree 14.
+
+a Portuguese leave out It lo 20.
+
+I Jf Sabbiith be on tiie third day. the order is changed,
+
+
+f Others commence x.\vi. 37.
+"' On wecli days. xv. lil-xvi. 17.
+ft On week day?, xv. 19-x\'i. 17.
+
+jj Povtufrueso "say no llaiititor.ib on Fast days' aflcrnoon. cxicpt
+on itth of Ah, wlicn'they say JJoseft^iy. 2-10, and Mi<'hali vii. 18-20,
+
+
+r-
+
+
+C (J N T E N T S.
+
+
+PAGE
+
+I'AHT I— TlIK I'KXTATI'irCII 1
+
+Genesis o
+
+p]xci(liis (i(i
+
+Leviticu.s IIS
+
+Numbers If)!)
+
+Iti'Utcrnrioiiiy 21(1
+
+PART IT— THE PROPHETS:
+
+Division I. — Tjie Earlif.r Prophets ... 255
+
+Joshua 257
+
+Judges 286
+
+1 Samuel 315
+
+2 Samuel 353
+
+1 Kincs 385
+
+2 Kings 423
+
+Division II. — The Latkr Prophets 459
+
+Isaiah 461
+
+Jeremiah 522
+
+Ezekiel .590
+
+The Twelve iAIinor Prophets :
+
+Hosea 654
+
+Joel 664
+
+Amos 668
+
+
+PAOH
+
+The Twelve Minor Phciphet.s — contimied.
+
+Oliiidiah 675
+
+Jonah 677
+
+Micah (■)79
+
+Nalniui 685
+
+llal^kkiik 687
+
+Zephaniah 690
+
+Haggai 694
+
+Zechariah 696
+
+Malachi 707
+
+PART III.— THE IIAGIOGRAPHA 711
+
+The Psalms 713
+
+The Proverbs 794
+
+Job 824
+
+The Song of Solomon 860
+
+Ruth 864
+
+Lamentations 868
+
+Eccle.siastes 874
+
+Esther 884
+
+Daniel 893
+
+Ezra 912
+
+Neheuiiah 924
+
+IClironieies 941
+
+2 Chronicles 973
+
+
+D^mnm D^N^nj mm
+
+
+THE HOLY SCRIPTURES
+
+PART FIRST,
+
+
+CONTAINING
+
+
+THE PENTATEUCH; OR, THE FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES.
+
+nvT2 ^)'^^^)
+
+GENESIS, n'^'Nnn exodus, mjDtr
+
+LEVITICUS, Nipn NUMBERS, -\21D2
+
+DEUTERONOMY, OnDI-
+
+
+THE r,OOK OF GENESIS,
+
+BERESlilTH,' n'u'NID,
+CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION AND PATRIARCHS.
+
+
+SECTION I. BERESHITH, n^:;*NnD.
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 In the beginning God created the heaven
+and the earth.
+
+2 And the eai'th was withont form and
+void, and darknes.'^ was upon the face of the
+deep ; and the spirit of God was waving over
+tlie face of the waters.
+
+8 And God said, Let there be light ; and
+there was hght.
+
+4 And God saw the Hght that it was good;
+and God divided between the light and the
+darkness.
+
+5 And God called the light Day, and the
+darkness he called Night. And it was even-
+ing and it was morning, the first day.
+
+G iy And God said. Let there be an expan-
+sion'' in the midst of the waters, and let it
+divide between waters and waters.
+
+7 And God made the expan.sion, and di-
+vided between the waters which were under
+the expansion and the waters which were
+above the expansion : and it was so.
+
+8 And God called the expansion Heaven.
+And it was evening and it was morning, the'^
+second day.
+
+9 T[ And God said, Let the waters under
+the heaven be gathered together unto one
+|)lace, and let the dry land be visible : and it
+was so.
+
+10 And (iod called the dry land Earth ;
+and the gathering together of the waters he
+called Seas: and God saw that it was "ood.
+
+
+" This word is the D;nue of the Jirsl weekly section, also !
+of the first book of Moses, from the first word thereof,
+which is Berishith, i. e. " In the beginning.'" — It must
+be understood that the whole law is divided into fift3'-
+foiir sections, appointed to be read during the course
+of the year, so that each Sabbath one or two conjointly
+are read. Each of these sections bears a natno derived
+fnirn the A'/'s/ distinctive word thereof, and this will bet
+found indicated throughout the Pentateuch of this edition.
+
+' I have preferred this term to (he usual translations,
+
+
+11 And (Jod said, Let the earth bring forth
+grass, herbs yielding seed, fruit-trees yielding
+fruit after their* kind, in which its seed is
+upon the earth : and it was so.
+
+12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs
+yielding seed after their kind, and trees yield-
+ing fruit, in which its seed is after their
+kind : and God saw that it was good.
+
+13 And it was evening ;ind it was morn-
+ing, the third day.'^"
+
+14 ][ And God said, Let there be lights in
+the expansion of the heaven to divide be-
+tween the day and the night ; and let them
+be lor signs, and for seasons, and for days,
+and years ;
+
+15 And let them be for lights in the ex-
+jjansion of the heaven, to give light upon the
+earth : and it was so.
+
+IG And God made the two great lights ;
+the greater light to*^ rule the day, and the
+lesser light to rule the night; and the stars.
+
+17 And God set them in the expansion of
+the heaven to give light upon the earth,
+
+18 And to rule by day and by night, and
+! to divide between the liglit and the darkness :
+
+and God saw that it was good.
+
+19 And it was evening and it was morn-
+ing, the tburth day.
+
+20 ^ Antl God said, Let the waters bring
+i forth abundantly moving creatures that have
+|| life, and fowl that may fiy above the earth in
+
+the open expansion of the heaven.
+■ 21 And God created the great sea-mon-
+
+because it expresses more correctly the idea of the Hebrew
+word, from |'p"i to crptuid ; therefore, the expansion of
+the atmosphere, not the fixed vault of the skies.
+
+" Properly, "a second day," the definite article being
+wanting; and so with all the otiiers, up to the fifth day.
+
+''Properly, "it.s kind," referring to y_j' true, collec-
+tive singular, rendered here with the plural trees.
+
+' The stars are used to denote the verses where the por-
+tions of the various sections end.
+
+' Hob. " fnr llie rule of."
+
+
+GENESIS I. II. BERESHITH.
+
+
+sters," and every living creature that moveth,
+which the waters brought forth abundantly
+after their kind, and every winged Ibwl after
+it,s kind : and God saw that it was good.
+
+22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruit-
+ful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the
+seas, and let the fowl multiply on the earth.
+
+23 And it was evening and it was morn-
+ing, the fifth day.*
+
+24 ^ And God said, Let the earth bring
+forth living creatures after their kind, cattle,
+and creeping things, and beasts of the earth
+after their kind : and it was so.
+
+25 And God made the beasts of the earth
+after their kind, and the cattle after their
+kind, and every thing that creepeth upon
+the earth after its kind : and God saw that it
+was good.
+
+26 And God said, Let us'' make man in
+our image, after our likeness ; and they shall
+have dominion over the fish of the sea,
+and over the fowl of the heaven, and over
+the cattle, and over all the earth, and over
+every creeping thing that creepeth upon the
+earth .
+
+27 And God created man in his image,
+in the image of God created he him; male
+and female created he them.
+
+28 And God blessed them, and God said
+unto them, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill
+the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion
+over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl
+of the heaven, and over every living thing
+that moveth upon the earth.
+
+29 And God said. Behold I have given
+unto you every herb bearing seed, which is
+upon the face of all the earth, and every tree
+on which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed ;
+to you it shall be for food.
+
+30 And to every beast of the earth, and
+to every fowl of the heaven, and to every
+thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein
+there is life, (I have given) every green herb
+lor food : and it was so.
+
+.SI And God saw" every thing that he
+
+
+* Meaning, all the greater animals that inhabit the seas,
+in contradistinction to the smaller creatures afterwards
+described.
+
+'' This phrase is employed here, as in other places, to
+express the purpose of the Deity to eflcct his will. This
+construction is called " the plural of majesty."
+
+° " Looked over;" meaning, that when all had been
+completed, the Creator, so to s:iy, cast his view over all,
+and then saw that there was nothing defective in the whole
+4
+
+
+had made, and behold, it was very good.
+And it was evening and it was morning, the
+sixth day.
+
+CHAPTER n.
+
+1 ^ Thus were finished the heavens and the
+earth, and all their host.
+
+2 And God had finished on the seventh
+day his work which he had made, and he
+rested on the seventh day from all his work
+which he had made.
+
+3 And God blessed the seventh day, and
+sanctified it ; because thereon he had rested
+from all his work which God had created in
+making it.*"
+
+4 ]y These are the generations" of the hea-
+vens and of the earth when they were created,
+on the day that the Lord' God made earth
+and heaven.
+
+5 And every plant of the field was not yet
+on the earth, and every herb of the field had
+not yet grown ; for the Lord God had not
+caused it to I'ain upon the earth, and man
+was not yet there to till the ground.
+
+G But there went up a mist froui the
+earth, and watered the whole face of the
+ground.
+
+7 And the Lukd God formed the man of
+dust from the ground, and breathed into his
+nostrils the breath of life ; and the man be-
+came a living being.
+
+8 And the Lord God planted a garden in
+Eden to the eastward, and he put there the
+man whom he had formed.
+
+9 And the Lord God caused to grow out
+of the ground every tree that is i)leasant to
+the sight and good for food; and the tree of
+life in the midst of the gai'den, and the tree
+of the knowledge of good and evil.
+
+10 And a river went out of Eden to water
+the garden, and from there it was })arted, and
+became four principal streams.
+
+11 The name of the first is Pishon, the
+same which compasseth the wliole land of
+Havilah, where there is gold.
+
+system of outward nature, produced by his creative power
+
+" After PiULiPl'soN.
+
+' " The history of the creation." — iMemjELSsohn.
+
+' The proper signification of this word is the Eternal,
+which term will be used when absolutely required, but
+generally the usual word will be employed; but its proper
+sense will be indicated, as is customary in all the English
+Bibles, by printing it in what is technically called small
+
+OAl'ITALS.
+
+
+GENESIS II. III. BERESHITH.
+
+
+12 And the gold of that land is good ; there
+IS the bdellium and the onyx stone.
+
+13 And the name of the second r'ner is
+Gihon, the same which compa.sseth the whole
+land of Cush.
+
+14 And the name of tlie third river is Hid-
+dekel, the same which tloweth towards the
+east of Assyria; and the fourth river is the
+Euphrates.
+
+15 And the Lord God took the man, and
+put him into the garden of Eden, to till it,
+and to keep it.
+
+16 And the Lord God commanded the
+man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou
+mayest freely eat;
+
+17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good
+and evil, thou shalt not eat of it ; for on the day
+that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
+
+18 And the Lord God said. It is not good
+that the man should Ijc alone; I will make
+him a help suitable for him.*
+
+19 And the Lord God had formed out of
+the ground eve r}' beast of the field, and every
+fowl of the heaven, and he brought them unto
+the man to see what he would call them ; and
+whatsoever the man would call every living
+creature, that should be its name.
+
+20 And the man gave names to all cattle,
+and to the fowl of the heaven, and to every
+beast of the field ; but for man there was not
+found a help suitable for him.
+
+*21 And the Lord God caused a deep sleep
+to fall upon the man, and he slept ; and he
+took one of his ribs, and clo.sed up the fiesh
+instead thereof
+
+22 And the Lord God formed'' the rib
+which he had taken from the man into a wo-
+man, and brought her unto the man.
+
+2o And the man said. This time'' it is bone
+of my bones, and flesh of my tlesh ; this shall
+be called Wouum, [Isliah.] because out of
+Man [Ish] was this one taken.
+
+24 Therefore doth" a man leave his father
+and his mother, and cleave unto his wife, and
+thev become one flesh.
+
+
+'After the Hebrew, "built."
+
+■* In opposition to the otber animals named before, they
+being unlike man, consequently not like the woman, bone
+of his bone, and flesh of his flesh. — 1'iiilippson gives it :
+" This one, at this time, is," &c.
+
+' The Hebrew future employed in the text represents
+not a command, but the habit; and, in this manner, the
+future tense is frctjuently used, where a constant prnetiee
+or habit is alluded to
+
+
+25 And they were Ijotli naked, the man
+and his wife, and were not ashamed.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 Now the serpent was more subtle than
+any beast of the field which the Lord God
+had made ; and he said luito the wonum, Ilath
+God indeed said, Ye shall not eat of every
+tree of the garden ?
+
+2 And the woman said unto the serpent,
+We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the
+garden ;
+
+3 But of the fruit of the tree which is in
+the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye
+shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch'' it,
+lest ye die.
+
+4 And the serpent said luito the woman.
+Ye will surd}' not die ;
+
+5 For God doth know, that, on the day ye
+eat thereof, your eyes will be opened, and ye
+will be as God, knowing good and evil.
+
+6 And when the woman saw that the tree
+was good for food, tnid that it was pleasant to
+the eyes, and the tree was desirable to make
+one wise," she took of its frint, and did eat,
+and gave also unto her liusliand with her, and
+he did eat.
+
+7 And the eyes of both of them were
+opened, and they felt that they were naked ;
+and they sewed fig-leaves together, and made
+themselves aprons.
+
+8 And they heard the voice of the Lord God
+walking in the garden in the cool of the day;
+and the man and his wife hid themselves'
+from the presence of the Lord God amongst
+the trees of the garden.
+
+9 And the Lord God called unto the man,
+and said unto him, Where art thou?
+
+10 And he said, Th\- voice I heard in the
+garden ; and I was afraid, because I am
+naked; and I hid my.self.
+
+11 And he said, Who told thee that thou art
+naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree,whereoI
+I couimanded tliee that thou shoiddest not eat?
+
+12 And the man said. The woman whom
+
+•^ Here is shown the danger <if adding to the command-
+ment; God had not ordained them not to touch the tree,
+only not to cat of the fruit; hence she was less able to
+withstand the cunning of the serpent.
+
+'■ "To contemplate." — Mkndelssohn.
+
+' In the text the verb is used in the singular, and ought
+therefore to be properly given, "and the man hid iiimself
+with his wife." This constrnefioii is very fr''(|uent in
+Hebrew.
+
+
+GENESIS III. IV. BERESHITH.
+
+
+thou gavest to be Avith me, she gave me of
+the tree, and I did eat.
+
+1." And the IiORD God said unto the woman.
+What is this that thou hast done ? And the
+woman said, The serpent beguiled !ne, and I
+did eat.
+
+14 And the Lord God said unto the ser-
+pent, Because thou hast done this, be thou
+cursed above all the cattle, and above every
+beast of the field ; upon thy belly shalt thou
+go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy
+life:
+
+15 And I will put enmity between thee
+and the woman, and between thy seed and
+her .seed ; he shall bruise thy head, and thou
+shalt wound his heel.
+
+16 ^1 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly
+multiply thy pain and (the suffering of) thy
+conception ; in pain shalt thou bring forth
+children ; and for thy huslmnd shall be thy
+desire, but he shall rule over thee.
+
+17 ^ And unto Adam" he said. Because
+thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy
+wife, and hast eaten of the tree of which I
+connnanded thee, saying. Thou shalt not eat
+of it: cursed be the ground for thy sake; in
+pain shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.
+
+18 And thorns and thistles shall it bring
+forth to thee ; and thou shalt eat the herbs
+of the field."
+
+19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat
+bread, till thou return unto the ground, for
+out of it wast thou taken ; tor dust thou art,
+and unto dust shalt tliou return.
+
+2U And the man called his wife's name
+Eve" [Chavvah] ; because she Avas the mother
+of all living [Chay].
+
+'11 And the Lord God made unto Adam and
+to his wife coats of skins, and clothed them.*
+
+22 Tf And the Lord God said. Behold, the
+man is become as one of us, to know good and
+evil ; and now, lest he put forth his hand,
+and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and
+live for ever'' —
+
+23 Therefore the Lord God scut him forth
+
+" Adam signifies " man," as one taken from the ground ;
+Adam, man, being derived from A(/iiin<i/i, ground.
+
+'' The curKe was direeted to A<lain, that he shoidd be
+(•()tn|K-lled to obtain his food by eon.stant toil, whereas be-
+fore sinning, only slight exertions were riM|uired to gather
+what gn^w spiintaneously from the ground.
+
+" Signifying " living."
+
+'' Evidently an elliptieal .sentenee ; meaning, that since
+man njighl [iiirtake of the fruit of the tree of life should
+
+
+from the garden of Eden, to till the ground
+from which he was taken.
+
+24 So he drove out the man ; and he placed
+at the east of the garden of Eden the Cheru-
+bim, and the flaming'' sword which revolveth,
+to guard the way to the tree of life.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ And the mati knew Eve his wife; and
+she conceived, and bore Cain, and said, I have
+gotten*^ a man from the Lord.
+
+2 And she bore again, his brother, Abel f
+and Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was
+a tiller of the ground.
+
+3 And it came to pass in process of time,
+that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground
+an offering unto the Lord.
+
+4 And Abel — he also brought of the first-
+lings of his flock, and of the fattest'' thereof;
+and the Lord had respect unto Abel and to
+his offering;
+
+5 But unto Cain and to his offering he had
+not respect ; and it was very displeasing to
+Cain, and his countenance fell.
+
+6 And the Lord said unto Cain, Why art
+thou wroth ? and why is thy countenance
+fallen?
+
+7 If thou doest well, shalt thou not be ac-
+cepted ? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth
+at the door; and unto thee is its desire, but
+thou canst rule over it.
+
+8 And Cain talked with Abel his brother:
+and it came to pass when they were in tlie
+field, that Cain rose up against Abel his
+brother, and slew him.
+
+9 And the Lord said unto Cain, Where is
+Abel thy brother ? And he said, I know not ;
+am I my brother's keeper ?
+
+10 And he said, What hast thou done ? the
+voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me
+from the ground.
+
+11 And now be thou cursed from' tiie
+I ground, which hath o})ened its mouth to
+
+receive thy l)rotlier's blood from thy hand:
+
+12 When thou tillest the ground, it shall
+
+he remain in Eden, it was the intention of the Deity to
+banish him, wliieh banishment is then recorded in the
+ne.\t verses.
+
+° Literally, " the flame of the sword," A:c.
+
+' I'p Kill/ill, from njp Kditiih. I'hii.U'Pso.n, after ll.V-
+sHl, renders riN by " with," /'. r. " the aid of"
+
+« Correctly, " Habel."
+
+' Eng. ver. and others, "the fat," &c.
+
+' " More than (he ground." — Salomon.
+
+
+GENESIS IV. V. BERESHITH.
+
+
+not henceforth jield its strength unto thee ;
+fugitive and vagabond shalt thou be on the
+earth. ]
+
+13 And Cain said unto the Lord, My
+punislnnent is greater than I can bear.
+
+14 Behold, thou hast driven me out this
+day from the face of the ground ; and from ^
+thy face" shall I be hid ; and if I shall be a
+fugiti\e and vagabond on the earth, it will
+come to pass, that every one that findeth me
+will slay me. |
+
+15 And the Lord said unto him, Therefore
+whosoex'er slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be
+tiiken on him seven-fold. And the Lord set
+a sign unto Cain, that any one finding him
+should not kill him.
+
+10 And Cain went out from the presence
+of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on
+the east of Eden.
+
+17 And Cain knew his wife, and she con-
+ceived, and bore Enoch ;'' and he built a city,
+and called the name of the city after the
+name of his son Enoch.
+
+18 And unto Enoch was born Irad; and
+Irad begat Mechujael ; and Mechijael begat
+Methushael ; and Methushael begat Lemech.*
+
+19 And Lemech took unto himself two
+wives, the name of the one was Adah, and the
+name of the other Zillah.
+
+20 And Adah bore Jabal ; he was the
+fother of such as dwell in tents, and have cattle.
+
+21 And his brother's name was Jubal ; he
+was the father of all such as play on the
+harp and guitar."
+
+22 And Zillah, she also bore Tubal-cain,
+an artificer in every article of copper and iron ;
+and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
+
+23 And Lemech said unto his wives, Adah
+and Zillah, hear my voice ; ye wives of Le-
+mech, hearken unto my speech ; for I have
+slain a man to my own wounding, and a young
+man to my hurt.
+
+24 If Cain shall be avenged seven-fold,
+truly Lemech seventy and seven-fold.
+
+* ('. e. Thy protection will be withdrawn.
+
+" Correctly, " Chanoch."
+
+° Others render this with " pipe," making Jubal the
+the inventor of stringed and wind instruments in their
+simplest forms.
+
+'' From Shath, " he bestowed."
+
+' Rasiii renders " by," and explains, " to call men and
+idols by the name of God, to convert them into deities for
+worship ;" and he would thus place the commencement of
+idolatrous worship as early as the tiuie of the grandson of
+
+
+25 And Adam knew his wife again. ;ind
+she bore a son, and called his name Sluth'
+[Seth] ; for God (said she) hath appointed
+me another seed instead of Abel, whom Cain
+slew.
+
+26 And to Shetli, to him also there was born
+a son ; and he called his name Enosh : tlien
+began men to call upon'' the name oi' the
+Lord.*
+
+CFIAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ This is the book of the generations of
+Adam. On the day that God created man,
+in the likeness of God made he him :
+
+2 Male and female created' he them ;' and
+blessed them, and called their name Adam,
+on the day when they were created.
+
+3 And Adam lived a hundred and thirty
+years, and begat a son in his likeness, after
+his image ; and called his name Sheth.
+
+4 And the days of Adam after he had be-
+gotten Sheth were eight hundred years; and
+he begat sons and daughters.
+
+5 And all the days that Adam lived were
+nine hundred and thirty jears; arid he died.
+
+6 ^ And Sheth lived a hundred and five
+years, and begat Enosh.
+
+7 And Sheth lived after he had begotten
+Enosh eight hundred and seven years; and he
+begat sons and daughters.
+
+8 And all the days of Sheth were nine
+hundred and twelve years ; and he died.
+
+9 ^ And Enosh lived ninety years, and
+begat Kenan.
+
+10 And Enosh lived after he had begotten
+Kenan eight hundred and fifteen years ; and
+he begat sons and daughters.
+
+11 And all the days of Enosh were nine
+hundred and five years ; and he died.
+
+12 ^ And Kenan lived seventy years, and
+begat Mahalalel.
+
+13 And Kenan lived after he had begotten
+Mahalalel eight hundred and forty years;
+and he begat sons and daughters.
+
+Adam : others explain simply, " then men began to pray
+to God;" others again, " to teach in the name of God;"
+whilst others would understand that the name of God was
+used in denominating perstms — perhaps, by attaching the
+syllable il (God) to names.
+
+' In the sacred writing, the change of persons from
+second to third, and from singular to plural, and vice versa,
+is by no means a rare construction ; but as there is always
+some reason easily apparent for this change, it will be pre-
+served for ihe must part in this version.
+
+7
+
+
+GENESIS V. VI. BERESIIITH.
+
+
+14 And all the days of Kenan were nine
+liiiiidred and ten years; and he died.
+
+15 ^f And Mahalalel lived .sixty and five
+years, and begat Jared.
+
+16 And Mahalalel lived after he had be-
+gotten .Tared eight hundred and tliirty year.s;
+and he begat sons and daughters.
+
+17 And all the day.s of Mahalalel were
+eight hundred ninety and five years ; and he
+died.
+
+18 Tl And Jared lived a hundred sixty
+and two years, and begat Enoch.''
+
+19 And Jared lived after he had begotten
+Enoch eight hundred years ; and he begat
+sons and daughters.
+
+20 And all the days of Jared were nine
+hundred sixty and two years ; and he died.
+
+21 ^[ And Enoch lived sixt}- and five
+years, and begat Methushelah.
+
+22 And Enoch walked" with God after he
+had begotten Methushelah three hundred
+years ; and begat sons and daughtei's.
+
+23 And all the days of Enoch were three
+hundred sixty and five years.
+
+24 Ajid Enoch walked with God, and he
+was no more ; for God had taken" him.*
+
+25 ^ And Methushelah lived a hundred
+eighty and seven years, and begat Lemecli.
+
+26 And Methushelah lived after he had be-
+gotten Lemech .seven hundred eighty and two
+years; and he begat sons and daughters.
+
+27 And all the days of Methushelah were
+nine hundred sixty iind nine years; and he
+died.
+
+28 ^ And Lemech lived a hundred eighty
+and two years, and begat a son.
+
+29 And he called his name Noach, [Noah,]
+
+* Correctly, "Chanoch."
+
+'' The term " walking with God" is employed to ex-
+press a righteous course of life, as though the man of
+whom it is said, walked with and was accompanied by the
+presence of his Maker. So is it said of Noah, " Noah
+walked with God." In other places it is called walking
+in the presence of God, as we read in the history of Abra-
+ham: " Walk before me and be perfect." So, on the other
+hand, to act wickedly is termed " throwing God behind
+one's back." All these, and many others, are figurative
+phrases used by the Hebrews to give a lively idea of
+what simple words fail to express as strongly and beauti-
+fuUy.^ .
+
+° Kvident reference to a life iifter death: the decease of the
+righteous is thus termed against i/icif used elsewhere,
+probably to indicate that tiiey are to dwell with their God
+whom they have worshipped. (Compare with P.salm
+xlix. 1(1.)
+
+* Rashi render!^, "shall give us rest," nj, from nr. A'-
+
+B
+
+
+saying. This one shall comforf us concerning
+our work and the toil of our hands, because
+of the ground which the Lord hath cursed.'
+
+30 And Lemech lived after he had begotten
+Noah five hundred ninety and five years ; and
+begat sons and daughters.
+
+31 And all the days of Lemech were seven
+hundred seventy and seven years; and he
+died.
+
+32 ^ And Noah was five hundred years old,
+and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 And it came to pass, when men began to
+multiply on the face of the earth, and
+daughters were born unto them,
+
+2 That the sons of God* saw the daughters
+of men, that they were fair; and they took
+themselves wives of all whom they chose.
+
+3 And the Lord said, My Spirit*^ shall not
+always strive for the sake of man, for that he
+is but flesh; yet his days (of grace) shall be
+a hundred and twenty years.
+
+4 The giants were on the earth in tho.se
+days; and also after that, when the sons of
+God came in unto the daughters of men, and
+they bore children to them ; these became
+the mighty men, who were of old the men of
+renown.*
+
+5 ^ And God saw that the wickedness of
+man was great on the earth, and that every
+imagination of the thoughts of his heart was
+only evil continually.
+
+6 And it repented^ the Lord that he had
+made man on the earth, and it grieved him at
+his heart.
+
+7 And the Lord said, I will destroy the
+
+sJudl give rest, from the root nij — referring to the invention
+of the plough, which is assigned to Noah, by which human
+labour was much abridged.
+
+" " Sons of the chiefs." — Onkelos. Daughters of men,
+those of the common people.
+
+'" My Spirit cannot always rule in man, — in the sti-ife
+of his passions he remains flesh, — and therefore shall his
+days be," &c. This is the new and bold version of Arn-
+heim. llashi, Aben Ezra, Onkelos, and Mendelssohn give
+" his days" the addition "of grace," meaning tiie punish-
+ment of the intended flood should be delayed one hun-
+dred and twenty years, in hopes of man's repentance.
+I'hilippson renders, " My Spirit siiall not for ever succumb
+in man, since he is but flesh."
+
+" This expression, otherwise not applicable to the Deity,
+who is no man that he He siiould repent, is employed
+merely to convey to u.s, in human language, the action of
+God ; for it is man's custom to repent of what he has made
+wlicn he finds himself compolled to destroy it.
+
+
+Tilli UliLUOK.
+
+
+GENESIS VI. VII. NOACH.
+
+
+man wlidiii I have created from tlie face of
+tiie eaitli; hoth man and beast, and the creep-
+in<r things and the fowls of the heaven ; for
+it repenteth me that I have made them.
+
+8 But Noah fonnd grace in the eyes of the
+Lord.
+
+Ilaplilunih in Isaiali xlii. 5-21 : tlieGermans read to xliii. 11.
+
+
+SECTION II. NOACH, m.
+
+9 Tl These are the generations o^ Noah:
+Noah was a just, perfect man in his genera-
+tions; Noah walked with God.
+
+10 And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham,
+and Jaiiheth.
+
+11 And the earth was corrupt before God ;
+and the earth was filled with violence.
+
+12 And God looked upon the earth, and
+behold, it was corrupt, for all flesh had cor-
+rupted his way" upon the earth.
+
+13 ^ And God said unto Noah, The end of
+all flesh is come before me ; for the earth is
+fllled with violence through them, and I will
+destroy them with*" the earth.
+
+14 Make thee an ark of gopher-wood,
+rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and slialt
+pitch it within and without with pitch.
+
+1-5 And this is the manner in wliich thou
+shalt make it : The length of the ark shall be
+three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty
+cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.
+
+16 A window'' shalt tliou make to the ark,
+and thou shalt finish it above, to be one cubit
+broad, and the door of the ark shalt thou set
+in the side thereof; with lower, second, and
+third stories shalt thou make it.
+
+17 And as regards myself, behold, I will
+bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to de-
+stroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life,
+from under the heavens ; every thing that is
+on the earth' shall perish.
+
+18 But I will establish my covenant with
+thee ; and tliou shalt come into the ark, thou,
+and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons'
+wives with thee.
+
+19 And of every living thing, of all flesh,
+two of every sort shalt thou bring into the
+ark, to keep them alive with thee : male and
+female shall they be.
+
+'Since to please God is called "walking" with him,
+a corruption of morals is properly termed " corrupting
+one's way."
+
+'' Philippson, 'from." ' Idem, " openings for light."
+' "On the earth," — this would except the animals in-
+
+
+20 Of the fowls after their kind, and of the
+cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing
+of the earth after its kind, two of every sort
+shall come unto thee, to keep them alive.
+
+21 And thou, for thy part, take unto thee
+of all food that is eaten, and thou shalt gather
+it to thee ; and it shall be unto thee, and unto
+them for food.
+
+22 Thus did Noah; according to ail that
+God had commanded him, so he did.*
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 And the Lord said nnto Noah, Come
+thou and all thy household into the ark ; for
+thee have I seen righteous before me in this
+generation.
+
+2 Of every clean beast thou shalt take to
+thee seven pair of each, the male and his fe-
+male ; and of beasts that are not clean two,
+the male and his female.
+
+3 Also of the fowls of the heaven, seven
+pair of each, the male and the female ; to keep
+seed alive upon the face of all the earth.
+
+4 For after only seven dajs more, I will
+cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and
+forty nights : and I will blot out every living
+substance that I have made from off the face
+of the earth.
+
+5 And Notih did all just as the Lord had
+commanded him.
+
+6 And Noah was six hundred yeivrs old
+when the flood of waters was upon the earth.
+
+7 And Noah went in, and his sons, and his
+wife, and his sons' wives with him, into the
+ark, because of the waters of the flood.
+
+8 Of the clean beasts, and of the beasts
+that are not clean, and of the fowls, and of
+every thing that creepeth^^g^on the earth,
+
+9 One pair of each went in unto Noah
+into the ark, the male and the female, as God
+had commanded Noah.
+
+10 And it came to pass, after the seven days,
+that the waters of the flood were upon the earth.
+
+11 In the six hundreth year of Noah's life,
+in the second month, on the seventeenth day
+of the month, on this same day, were all the
+fountains of the great deep broken up, and
+the windows*^ of heaven were opened.
+
+
+habiting the waters, and they would thus seem not to have
+been destroyed by the flood.
+
+' Philippson renders here and elsewhere, " which
+moveth :" the same version is also used here, ver. 21.
+
+' Figurative expression to denote the immense mass of
+
+9
+
+
+GENESIS VII. VIII. NOACtt.
+
+
+12 And the rain fell upon the earth forty
+days and forty nights.
+
+13 On that self-same day entered Noah,
+and Shem, and Hani, and Japheth, the sons of
+Noah, and Noah's wife, tvnd the three wives
+of his sons with them, into the ark;
+
+14 They, and every beast after his kind,
+and all the cattle after their kind, and every
+creeping thing that creepetli upon the earth
+after its kind, and every fowl after his kind,
+every bird, every thing that hath wings.
+
+15 And they went in unto Noah into the
+ark, one" pair of each, of all Hesh, wherein is
+the breath of life.
+
+16 And they that went in, went in male
+and female of all Hesh, as God had com-
+manded him : and then the Lord shut him in.*
+
+17 And the flood was forty days upon the
+earth ; and the waters increased, and bore up
+the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth.
+
+18 And the waters prevailed,'' and in-
+creased greatly upon the earth : and the ark
+floated along upon the face of the waters.
+
+19 And the waters prevailed exceedingly
+upon the earth ; and all the high mountains
+that are under the whole heavens were
+covered.
+
+20 Fifteen cubits above them did the
+waters prevail ; and the mountains were
+(thus) covered.
+
+21 And all flesh perished that moved upon
+the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of
+beast, and of every creeping thing tliat creep-
+eth upon the earth, and every man.
+
+22 All in whose nostrils was the breath of
+life, of all that were on the dry land, died.
+
+23 And it" swept off' every living substance
+which was upon the face of the ground, both
+man, and cattle, and creeping things, and
+fow'ls of the heaven; and they were swept
+from the earth ; and Noah only was left,
+together with those that were with him in
+the ark.
+
+24 And the waters prevailed upon the
+earth one hundred and fifty days.
+
+water which poured down upoa the earth, which appeared
+as tiiougli windows had heen opened in the body of tlie
+atmosphere, from wliidi the flood issued forth constantly
+in resistless strenfrth. '
+
+" Meaning "at /rasl two," not excluding the remainder
+of the seven ordered of certain kinds.
+
+'' That i.s, " they increased in mass, covering the earth."
+' The flood, referring thus to the nominative mentioned
+in verse 17.
+10
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 And God remembered Noah, and every
+living thing,'' and all the cattle that were
+with him in the ark : and God caused a wind
+to pass over the earth, and the waters were
+assuaged;
+
+2 The fountains also of the deep, and the
+windows of heaven were stopped; and the
+rain from heaven was restrained.
+
+3 And the waters returned from oft' the
+earth, gradually returning ; and the waters
+were abated after the end of the hundred and
+fifty days.
+
+4 And the ark rested in the seventh
+month, on the seventeenth day of the month,
+upon the mountains of Ararat.
+
+5 And the waters decreased continually
+until the tenth month ; in the tenth month,
+on the first day of the month, were the tops
+of the mountains seen ;
+
+6 And it came to pass at the end of forty
+dtiys, that Noah opened the window of the
+ark which he had made;
+
+7 And he sent forth" a*^ raven which went
+forth to and fro, until the waters were dried
+up from off" the earth.
+
+8 He then sent forth a'' dove from him, to
+see if the waters were abated from off the
+face of the ground.
+
+9 But the dove found no resting-place for
+the sole of her foot, and she returned unto him
+unto the aik ; for there was water on the face
+of the whole earth; then he put forth his
+hand, and took her, and brought her in unto
+him into the ark.
+
+10 And he stayed yet other seven days,
+and again he sent forth the dove out of the
+ark.
+
+11 And the dove came in to him at the
+time of the evening ; and, lo, an olive-leaf
+plucked oft" was in her mouth ; so Noah knew
+that the waters were abated from oft' the
+earth.
+
+12 And he stayed yet other seven days,
+
+
+'' After Aben Ezra, who includes under the term rrn the
+birds and creeping things likewise.
+
+° The non-return of the birds was to be a sure sign of
+their finding the earth again fit for their habitation.
+
+' Heb. " The," meaning the birds known as raven
+and dove : the definite article is often so used in
+Scripture, to denote an unknown individual of a known
+species.
+
+
+GENESIS VIII. IX. NOACH.
+
+
+and sent forth the dove; but she returned not
+again unto him any more.
+
+1?) And it came to pass in the six liun-
+dredth and first year, in the first montli, on the
+first day of the month, that the waters were
+dried up from off the earth ; .and Noah re-
+moved the covering of the ark, and looked,
+and, behold, the fiice of the ground was dry.
+
+14 And in the second month, on the seven
+and twentieth day of the month, was the earth
+perfectly dried up.'-'
+
+15 ][ And God spoke unto Noah, saying,
+
+16 Go forth from the ark, thou, and thy
+wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with
+thee.
+
+17 Every living thing that is with thee, of
+all fiesh, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of
+every creeping thing that creepeth upon the
+earth, bring forth with thee; that they may
+breed abundantly on the earth, and be fruit-
+ful, and multiply upon the earth.
+
+18 And Noah went forth, and his sons,
+and his wife, and his sons' wives with him.
+
+19 Every beast, every creeping thing, and
+every fowl, whatsoever creepeth upon the
+earth, after their families, went forth out of
+the ark.
+
+20 And Noah built an altar unto the Lord,
+and he took of every clean cattle, and of every
+clean fowl, and offered burnt-oflferings on the
+altar.
+
+21 And the Lord smelled the sweet savour ;
+and the Lord said in his heart, I will not
+again curse the ground any more for the sake
+of man; although'' the imagination of man's
+heart is evil from his youth : neither will I
+again smite any more every thing living, as I
+have done.
+
+22 All the while the earth remaineth,
+seed-time and harvest, and cold and heat, and
+summer and winter, and day and night,
+shall not cease.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 And God blessed Noah and his sons, and
+
+° This is Arnhetm's version : others have it " because,"
+which then conveys the idea that since man is so consti-
+tuted, it would be unjust to punish all, as had been done.
+
+'' That is, "your power," or "your disposal."
+
+" Our tradition says, that this prohibits the eating of
+any part of a living animal, "nn ]0 "(^N : this barbarous
+custom is not yet extinct in some parts of the East.
+
+■■The Noachitic commandments are, according to the
+Talmud: 1. The exercise of justice ; 2. The worship of
+God, or the prohibition of blasphemy; 3. The prohibition
+
+
+said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and
+replenish the earth.
+
+2 And the fear of you, and the dread of
+you, shall be upon every beast of the earth,
+and upon every fowl of the heaven ; whatever
+is that moveth upon the earth, and all the
+fishes of the sea, are delivered into your
+hand.''
+
+3 Every moving thing that liveth shall be
+yours for food ; even as tlie green herbs have
+I given you all tilings.
+
+4 But tlesh in which its life i.s," which is
+its blood, shall ye not eat.
+
+5 Your blood, however, on wliich your
+lives depend, will I require : at the hand of
+every beast will I require it; and at the hand
+of man, at the hand of every man's brother
+will I require the life of man.
+
+6 Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man
+shall his blood be shed;'' for in the image of
+God made he man.
+
+7 And you, be ye fruitful, and multiply;
+bring forth al)inidantly on the earth, and
+multiply thereon.*
+
+8 ^ And Go^l spoke unto Noah, and to his
+sons with him, saying,
+
+9 And I, beliold, I establish my covenant
+with you, and with your seed after you ;
+
+10 And with every living creature that is
+with you, of the fowl, of the cattle, and of
+every beast of the earth with you, from all
+those that go out of the ark, for every beast
+of the earth.
+
+11 And 1 will establish my covenant with
+you; and all flesh shall not be cut off any
+more by the waters of a" flood ; neither shall
+there be any more a flood to destroy the
+earth.
+
+12 And God said, This is the token of the
+covenant which I make^ between me and you,
+and every living creature that is with you,
+for perpetual generations.
+
+13 My bow I do^ set in the cloud, and it
+shall be for a token of the covenant between
+me and the earth.
+
+
+I
+
+t
+
+
+of idolatry; 4. The prohibition of incest ; 5. The prohibi-
+tion of murder; 6. The prohibition of theft; 7. The pro-
+hibition of eating the flesh of a live animal.
+
+° Properly, " the flood," meaning that well-known
+quantity of water which constitutes a flood. See above,
+note to viii. 7.
+
+' Heb. "place," or "set."
+
+' Heb. " I have set," indicating that the rainbow
+previously existing was appointed the sign of the ne'»
+covenant.
+
+n
+
+
+GENESIS IX. X. NOACH.
+
+
+I
+
+t
+
+
+14 And it shall come to pass, that, when I
+bring a cloud over the earth, and the bow
+shall be seen in the cloud,
+
+15 I will remember my covenant, W'hich
+is between me and you and every living
+creature of all flesh ; and tlie waters shall
+no more become a flood to destroy all flesh.
+
+16 And the bow shall be in the cloud ; and
+I will look upon it, that I may remember the
+everlasting covenant between God and every
+living creature, of all flesh, that is upon the
+earth.
+
+17 And God sai.. unto Noah. This is the
+token of the covenant which I have esta-
+blished between me and all flesh that is upon
+the earth.*
+
+18 T[ And the sons of Noah that went forth
+from the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and
+Japheth ; and Ham was the father of Canaan.
+
+19 These three were the sons of Noah,
+and of them was the whole earth overspread.
+
+20 And Noah, who was a husbandman,
+began his work, and he planted a vineyard.
+
+21 And he drank of the wine, and became
+drunken ; and he uncovered- himself within
+his tent.
+
+22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw
+the nakedness of his father, and told it his
+two brothers without.
+
+23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment,
+and hiid it upon the shoulders of both" of
+them, and went backward, and covered the
+nakedness of their father; and their faces
+were turned backward, and they saw not
+their father's nakedness.
+
+24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and
+discovered what his younger son had done
+unto him.
+
+25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan ; a ser-
+vant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.
+
+2G And he said, Blessed be the Lord, the
+God of Shem; and Canaan shall be a servant
+unto them.
+
+27 May God enlarge the boundaries of
+Ja[)heth, and may he dwell in the tents of
+Shem; and Canaan shall be a servant unto
+them.
+
+
+" " And tliey both placdl it on tlicii- .sliimlJer." — AnEN
+
+KZRA.
+
+^ I'liilippson and others rentier tbis "country," or a dis-
+trict with defined limits, as the island is defined by the sea.
+
+° Philippson, "ruler," and supposes him to have been
+tlic first king.
+
+12
+
+
+28 And Noah lived after the flood three
+hundred and fifty years.
+
+29 And all the days of Noah were nine
+hundred and fifty years ; and he died.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ]| Now tliese are the generations of the
+sons of Noah : Shem, Ham, and Japheth ;
+and unto them were sons born after the flood.
+
+2 The sons of Ja|)heth : Gomer, and Magog,
+and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and
+Mesliech, and Tirass.
+
+3 And the sons of Gomer : Ashkenaz, and
+Eiphath, and Togarmah.
+
+4 And the sons of Javan : Elishah, and
+Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
+
+5 From tliese were separated the isles'' of
+the nations in their land-s, ever}- one al'ter
+his tongue : after their families, in their na-
+tions.
+
+6 And the sons of Ham: Cush, and Miz-
+rayim, and Put, and Canaan.
+
+7 And the sons of Cush : Seba, and Hnvi-
+lah, and Sabtah, and Raaniah, and Sabteclia;
+and the sons of Raamah : Sheba, and Dedan.
+
+8 And Cush begat Nimrod ; he began to be
+a mighty" man on the earth.
+
+9 He was a mighty hunter before the Lokd ;
+wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod, a
+mighty hunter before the Lord.
+
+10 And the beginning'' of his kingdom was
+Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in
+the land of Shinar.
+
+11 Out of that land went forth A.sshur," and
+built Nineveh, and the city Rechohoth. and
+Calach,
+
+12 And Ressen between Nineveh and Ca-
+lach ; the same is the great cit}'.
+
+13 And Mizrayim begat the Ludim, and
+Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtncliim.
+
+14 And the Pathrussim, and Casluchim,
+(out of whom came the Pelishtim.) and the
+Caphtorim.
+
+15 And Canaan begat Sidon his first-born,
+and Heth,
+
+16 And the Jebusite, and the Emorite, and
+the Girgashite,
+
+
+^ " The chief town." — OnKELOS.
+
+• Jlendelssohn and others, " He (Nimrod) went forth
+to Asshur ;" but the version in the text is according to
+the ancients, namely, that Asshur cniif:rat( d from l{:ilicl,
+&c., and built Nineveh, &c.
+
+
+GENESIS X. XI. NOACH.
+
+
+17 And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and
+the Siiiite.
+
+18 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite,
+and the Hainathite; and afterward were the
+laniilies of the Canaanites spread abroad.
+
+19 And the border of the Canaanites was
+from Sidon, as thou coniest to Gerar, unto Gaz-
+zah; as thou goest unto Sodom and Gomorrah,
+and Admah, and Zebo\im. even unto' Lesha.
+
+20 These are the sons of Ham, after their
+families, after their tongues, in their countries,
+in their nations.
+
+21 ^j But unto Shera also, the fatlier of all
+the children of Eber," the brother of Japheth
+the elder, were children born.
+
+22 Tlie sons of Shem : Elam, and Asshur,
+and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.
+
+23 And the children of Aram : Uz, and
+Hul, and G ether, and Mash.
+
+24 And Arpachshad begat Shelach; and
+Shelach begat Ebei'.
+
+25 And unto Eber were born two sons;
+the nauie of one was Peleg, for in his days
+was the earth divided; and his brotlier's name
+was Joktan.
+
+26 And Joktan begat Almodad, and She-
+leph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerach,
+
+27 And Hadoram. and Uzal, and Diklah,
+
+28 And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,
+
+29 And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab;
+all these were the sons of Joktan.
+
+30 And their dwelling was from Mesha, as
+thou goest unto Sephar, the mount of the east.
+
+31 These are the sons of Shem, atler their
+families, after their tongues, in their lands,
+after their nations.
+
+32 These are the families of the sons of
+Noah, after their generations, in tlieir nations;
+aud from these were the nations separated on
+the earth after tlie dood.'^'
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 Tl And the whole eai'tli was of one lan-
+guage, and of one kind of words.
+
+
+' No doubt derived from the root i^j; 'Ab<tr, " to pass
+over," whence D'13;' ' Ibrii/im, Ibrews, or those who came
+from over Euphrates to euter Palestine; and heuce
+Abraham the I/chrrir, who was so called because he came
+from Mosop(]tamia, or perhaps, because of his descent from
+'Eber. Tiie // is not in the original, which is only 'Ibri,
+and would retjuire it to be written Ebnir. The term,
+however, in its primitive meaning, was applied to the sons
+of Joktan, besides the Israelites, who have been thus de-
+noted exclusively ever since the time of Moses.
+
+'' After Arnheim, who takes DlpD as simply denoting
+
+
+2 And it came to pass, as they journeyed
+toward'' the east, that they found a plain in
+the land of Shinar, and they dwelt there.
+
+3 And they said one to another. Go to. let
+us make bricks, and burn them thoroughh'.
+And thus the brick served them lur stone,
+and slime" served them for mortar.
+
+4 And the\- said. Go to, let us biiibl oui
+selves a cit^-, and a tower, the top of mIucIi
+may reach unto heaven ; and let us make
+
+I ourselves a name, lest we be scattered abroad
+upon the face of the whole earth.
+
+5 And the Lokd came down to see the city
+and the tower, which the children of man
+were building.
+
+6 And the Lokd said. Behold, it is one
+people, and they have all one language, and
+this is the first thing they undertake to do;
+and now shall they not be restrained in all
+which they have imagined to do?
+
+7 Go to, let us go down, and cont()und
+there their language, that they may not
+understand one another's speech.
+
+8 So the LoKD scattered them abroad from
+there over the face of all the earth ; and they
+left oft' to build the city.
+
+9 Therefore is the name of it called Babel.''
+because the Loku did there confound the lan-
+guage of all the earth ; and from there did the
+Lord scatter them abroad over the face of all
+the earth.
+
+10 *>\ These are the generations of Shem:
+I Shem. wlieii a himdred years old, begat
+
+Arpachshad, two years after the ftood.
+
+11 And Shem lived after he had begotten
+Arpachshad five hundred years; and begat
+sons and daughters.
+
+12 ]f And Arpachshad lived five and thirty
+years, and begat Shelach.
+
+13 And Arpach.shad lived after he had be-
+gotten Shelach four hundred and three" years;
+and beo;at sons and dauuhters.
+
+14 ^j And Shelach lived thirty years, and
+begat Eber.
+
+"from Ararat," which, though properly to the north-west of
+Shinar, yet was to the east of Palestine and Egypt, where
+the Israelites, and consecjuently Moses the writer of the
+books of the law, lived. Others again imagine that an
+emigration to the east proper may have taken place before,
+and they were then journeying back to Shinar.
+
+" A peculiar earthy adhesive substance of that country.
+
+^ From Bahlal SS^ " to mingle."
+
+" Eemarkable decrease of the length of human life.
+When before the flood the age of man reached to near a
+thousand years, as was the case also with Noah : Shem
+
+18
+
+
+GENESIS XI. XII. LECH LECHA.
+
+
+1 5 And Shelach lived after he had begotten
+Eber four hundred and three years; and begat
+sons and daughters.
+
+16 ^ And Eber lived four and thirty years,
+and begat Peleg.
+
+17 And Eber lived after he had begotten
+Peleg four hundred and thirty years ; and
+begat sons and daughters.
+
+18 ^ And Peleg lived thirty years, and
+begat Eeii.
+
+19 And Peleg lived after he had begotten
+Eeii two hundred and nine years ; and begat
+sons and daughters.
+
+20 ^ And Reii lived two and thirty years,
+and begat Serug.
+
+21 And Reii lived after he had begotten
+Serug two hundred and seven 3ears; and be-
+gat sons and daughters.
+
+22 ^ And Serug lived thirty years, and
+begat Nachor.
+
+23 And Serug lived after he had begotten
+Nachor two hundred years; and begat sons
+and daughters.
+
+24 ^ And Nachor lived nine and twenty
+years, and begat Terach.
+
+25 And Nachor lived after he had begotten
+Terach a hundred and nineteen years ; and
+begat sons and daughters.
+
+26 ^ And Terach lived seventy years, and
+begat Abram, Nachor, and Haran.
+
+27 Now these are the generations of Te-
+rach : Terach begat Abram, Nachor, and
+Haran ; and Haran begat Lot.
+
+28 And Haran died before his father Te-
+rach in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the
+Chaldees.*
+
+29 And Abram and Nachor took themselves
+wives; the name of Abram's wife was Sarai;
+and the name of Nachor's wife was Milcah,
+the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah,
+and the father of Yiscah.
+
+30 But Sarai was barren ; she had no child.
+
+31 And Terach took Abram his son, and
+
+lived only six huudred yeans, and his son four Luudred
+und thirty-eiglit, till Abraham reached but one hundred
+and seventy-live years, and in Moses's time the years of
+man were reduced to mere " threescore and ten." May
+we not discover in this circumstance a wise Providence ?
+If the people before the flood, trusting in their long
+stay on earth, forgot their Maker, the speedy accounta-
+bility in those of later times was well calculated to make
+I hem reflect on their conduct. Besides this, the decrease
+of human life was gradual, which would seem to be owing
+to the necessity of leaving, in the first ages, life sufficiently
+long to enable iiuinkiud to people the earth by degrees.
+14
+
+
+Lot, the son of Haran, his son's son, and
+Sarai his daughter-in-law, the wife of his son
+Abram ; and they went forth with them from
+Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of
+Canaan ; and they came unto Charan, and
+dwelt there.
+
+32 And the days of Terach were two hun-
+dred and five years; and Terach died in
+Charan. '
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah liv. 1-10 ; the Germans read to Iv. 5.
+
+
+SECTION III. LECH LECHA, -[S ^S.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ][ Now the Lord had said unto Abram,
+Get thee out of thy country, and out thy
+birthplace, and from thy father's house, unto
+the laud that I will show thee.
+
+2 And I will make of thee a great nation,
+and I will bless thee, and make thy name
+great ; and thou shalt be a blessing :"
+
+3 And I will bless those that bless thee,
+and him'' that curseth thee, will I curse; and
+in thee" shall all families of the earth be
+blessed.
+
+4 So Abram departed, as the Lord had
+spoken unto him, and Lot went with him ;
+and Abram was seventy and five years old at
+his departure out of Charan.
+
+5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot
+his brother's son, and all their substance tliat
+they had acquired, and the persons'^ that they
+had obhiined in Charan ; and they went forth
+to go into the land of Canaan ; and they came
+into the land of Canaan.
+
+6 And Abram passed through the land
+unto the place'' of Shechem, unto the plain of
+Moreh; and the Canaanite was then in the land.
+
+7 And the Lord appeared unto Abram,
+and said. Unto thy seed will I give this land.
+And he built there an altar unto the Lord,
+who had appeared unto him.
+
+
+' "So great shall.be thy blessing and prosperity, that
+thou shalt become a blessing to others ; for when a man
+shall bless his .son, he will say to him, May the Lord bless
+thee with Abraham's blessing." — Dubno.
+
+'' " In the singular ; for few would curse Abraham,
+whilst many would bless him." — Idem.
+
+" "Through thee, for thy sake and thy merit." — Idem.
+
+''English version, "souls." "And the souls whom
+they had subjected to the Law."^ — Onkelos. But the
+simple and evident meaning is, " the servants and follow-
+ers whom they have obtained control of"
+
+" Tluit is, " where Shechem was afterward built."
+
+
+GENESIS XII. XIII. LECH LECHA.
+
+
+8 And he removed from there unto the
+mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched
+his tent, liaving Beth-el on the west, and 'Ai
+on the east; and he built there an altar unto
+the Lord, and called upon the name" of the
+Lord.
+
+9 And Abram journeyed farther, still go-
+ing on toward the south.
+
+10 1[ And there arose a famine in the
+land : and Aljram went down into Egypt'' to
+sojourn there; for the ianiine was grievous in
+the land.
+
+11 And it came to pass, when he was
+come near to enter into Egypt, that he said
+unto Sarai his wife. Behold now, I know that
+thou art a woman of handsome appearance :
+
+12 And it may come to pass, when the
+Egyptians shall see thee, that they will say,
+This is his wife; and they may kill me, but
+thee they will save alive.
+
+13 Say then, I pray thee, thou art my
+sister, that it may go well with me for thy
+sake, and my soul live because of thee.'''
+
+14 And it came to pass, when Abram was
+come into Egypt, that the Egyptians beheld
+the woman that she was very fair.
+
+15 The princes also of Pharaoh saw her,
+and commended her to Pharaoh; and the
+woman was taken into Pharaoh's house.
+
+16 And he did well to Abram for her
+sake; and he received sheep, and oxen, and
+he-asses, and men-servants, and maid-servants,
+and slie-asses, and camels.
+
+17 But the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his
+house with great plagues because of Sarai,
+Abram's wife.
+
+18 And Pharaoh called' Abram, and said,
+What is this that thou hast done unto me?
+Why didst thou not tell me that she is thy
+wife ?
+
+19 Why saidst thou. She is my sister?
+and so 1 took her to me for a wife ; now there-
+fore, behold, here is thy wife, take her, and
+go thy way.
+
+20 And Pharaoh commanded some men
+
+
+" Aben Ezra, "or, called the people together to .serve
+the Lord."
+
+'' Because Egypt was better cultivated than Canaan,
+which was generally inhabited by the nomadic tribes in
+till' days of the patriarchs.
+
+" That is, "had him called."
+
+'' The south of Palestine ; for, correctly speaking, Abra-
+ham travelled northward from Egypt, but still the first part
+of Palestine he reached on his return was "the south" thereof, i
+
+
+im, who accompanied
+his wife, and all that he had.
+
+
+inn
+
+
+and
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 And Abram went up out of Egypt, he,
+and his wife, and all that he had, and Lot
+with him. into the south.'*
+
+2 And Abram was very rich in cattle, in
+silver, and in gold.
+
+3 And he went on his journeys front the
+south even to Beth-el, unto the place where
+his tent had been at the beginning, between
+Beth-el and 'Ai ;
+
+4 Unto the place of the altar, which he
+had made there at the first ; and Abram called
+there on the name of the Lord.*
+
+5 And Lot also, who went with Abram,
+had flocks, and herds, and tents.
+
+6 And the land was not able to bear them,
+that they might dwell together; for their sulj-
+stance was great, so that they could not dwell
+together.
+
+7 And there arose a strife between the
+herdmen of Abram's cattle, and the herdmen
+of Lot's cattle : and the Canaanite and the
+Perizzite dwelled then in the land.
+
+8 And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be
+no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee,
+and between my herdmen and thy herdmen ;
+for we are near relatives.
+
+9 Is not the whole land before thee ? Sepa-
+rate thyself, I pray thee, from me : if thou
+wilt take the left hand, then I will go to tlie
+right; or if thou depart to the right, then I
+will go to the left.
+
+10 And Lot lifted up his eyes, and beheld
+all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered
+everywhere; before' the Lord destroyed So-
+dom and Gomorrah, (it was) like the garden
+of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, till thou
+comest unto Zoiir.
+
+11 Then Lot chose himself all the plain
+of Jordan ; and Lot journeyed east / and
+they separated themselves the one from the
+other.
+
+" This version, somewhat differing from the English
+Bible, is according to Rashi and others, and removes the
+obscurity which otherwise exists. The second part of this
+verse must thus be regarded as a parathesis explaining the
+character of the plain of the Jordan, which Lot chose for
+his habitation.
+
+' The same construction again as above, xi. 2, Dlpo, " to
+the east," instead of "from."
+
+16
+
+
+GENESIS Xlil. XIV. LECH LECHA.
+
+
+1:^ Abrain dwelt in the land of Canaan;
+and Lot dwelt in tlie cities of the plain, and
+pitched his tents, till close to Sodom.
+
+LS But the men of Sodom were wicked
+and sinners before the Lord exceedingly.
+
+14 And the Lord said nnto Abram, after
+Lot was separated from him, Lift up now thy
+eyes, and look from the place where thou art,
+northward, and southward, and eastward, and
+westward ;
+
+15 For all the land which thou seest,
+to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for
+ever.
+
+16 And I will make thy seed as the dust
+of the earth; so that if a man can number
+the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also
+be numbered.
+
+17 Arise, walk through the land in the
+length of it and in the breadth of it ; for unto
+thee will I give it.
+
+18 Then Abram pitched his tent, and came
+and dwelt in the grove" of Manire, which is in
+Hebron; and he built there an altar unto the
+Lord.*
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, in the days of Am-
+raphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar,
+Kedorlaomer king of Ehim, and Tidal king of
+Goyim ;
+
+2 That these made war with Bera king
+of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah,
+Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king
+of Zeboyim, and the king of Bela, which is
+Zoar.
+
+(J All these joined together in tlie vale of
+Siddim, which is now the salt sea.
+
+4 Twelve years had they served Kedor-
+laomer, l)ut in the thirteenth year they re-
+belled.
+
+5 And in the fourteenth year came Kedor-
+laomer, and the kings that were with him.
+and they smote the Repha'im in Ashteroth-
+karnayim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the
+Emim in Shaveh-kiriathayim,
+
+G And the Horites in their mountain
+
+* Mcndt'I.ssnlin, after Abt^u Ezra, translates the word
+]\ht< in this inauuer, siucc it is used to express "tree" in
+many places. Onkelos, however, calls it "plain."
+
+'' The pits. Compare with Exod. xxi. 33, where noB',
+like here, refers to the pit into which the animal falls; not
+"there," as in the English version.
+
+° Brother, in Hebrew, denotes frecjiuntly a near rela-
+16
+
+
+Se'ir, unto El-paran, which is by the wilder-
+ness.
+
+7 And they returned, and came to En-
+mishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the
+country of the Amalekites, and also the Emor-
+ites, that dwelt in Ilazezon-tamar.
+
+8 And then went out the king of Sodom,
+and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of
+Adnudi, and the king of Zeboyim, and the
+king of Bela, (the same is Zoar;) and they
+joined battle with them in the vale of Siddim;
+
+9 With Kedorlaomer king of Elam, and
+with Tidnl king of Goyim, and Amraphel
+king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar;
+four kings with five.
+
+10 And the vale of Siddim was full of
+slime-pits; and the kings of Sodom and Go-
+morrah fled, and fell therein ;^' and they that
+remained fled to the mountain.
+
+11 And they took all the goods of Sodom
+and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went
+their way.
+
+12 And they took Lot, Abrani's brother's
+son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and
+departed.
+
+13 And there came one that had escaped,
+and told it to Abram the Hebrew; but he
+dwelt in the grove of Mamre the Emorite,
+brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner, and
+these were confederates of Abram.
+
+14 And when Abram heard that his
+brother" was taken captive, he armed his
+trained servants, born in his own house, three
+luuidred and eighteen, and pursued them unto
+Dan."
+
+15 And he divided himself against them,
+he and his servants, by night, and smote them,
+and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on
+the left hand of Damascus.
+
+IG And he brought back all the goods;
+and he also brought again his brother Lot,
+and his goods, and also the women, and the
+people.
+
+17 And the king of Sodom went out to
+meet him (after his return from smiting Ke-
+dorlaomer, and the kings that were with him)
+
+tive, for above he is called, as he was, Abram's brother's
+son.
+
+'' Perhaps another city than the ancient Laish, though
+evidently in the same neighbourhood. If a conjecture
+may be hazarded, it may have been a place of resort for
+judgment, from tn doi), in the north, as 'En-mishpat, /. c.
+"the spring of judgment," was at the south of Palestine
+
+
+GENESIS XIY. XY. LECH LECHA.
+
+
+at the valley of Shaveh, which i.s the kings'
+(Jale.
+
+18 And Malkizedek king of Salem brought
+I'orth brea<l and wine ; and he was a priest of
+the most high God.
+
+19 And he blessed him, and said, Blessed
+be Abram of the most high God, the possessor
+of heaven and earth.
+
+20 And blessed be the most high God, who
+hath delivered thy enemies into thy hand.
+And he gave him tithes of all.*
+
+21 And the king of Sodom said unto
+Abram, Give me the persons, and the goods
+take to thyself.
+
+22 And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I
+have lifted up my hand unto tlie Lord, the most
+high God, the possessor of heaven and earth,
+
+"23 That I will not" take from a thread
+even to a shoe-latchet, and that I will not
+take any thing that is thine; lest thou shouldst
+say, I have made Abram rich :
+
+24 Save only that which the }'oung men
+have eaten, and the portion of the men who
+went with me, Aner, Eshcol. and Mamre —
+these nuiy take their portion.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ][ After these things the word of the Lord
+came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear
+not, Abram; I am thy shield, thy reward
+shall be exceedingly great.
+
+2 And Abram said, Lord God, what wilt
+thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the
+steward of my house is Eliezer of Damascus ?
+
+o And Abram said. Behold to me thou
+hast given no seed ; and lo, one born in my
+house will be ni}' heir.
+
+4 And behold, the word of the Lord came
+unto him, saying. This one shall not be thy
+heir ; but he that shall come forth out of thy
+own bowels shall be thy heir.
+
+5 And he brought him forth abroad, and
+said, Look now toward the heaven, and count
+the stars, if thou be able to count them ; and
+he said unto him. So shall thy seed be.
+
+
+' Abraham's disinterestedness and U'ue faith. God had
+promised to malie him great ; and hence, though he had
+expended time and treasure, and exposed his life iu the
+assault he made upon the conquerors of many natious, he
+refused to be benefited through the munificent offer of the
+king of Sodom.
+
+'' Onkelos and Kashi render, " three heifers," &c.
+
+° The inhabitants of the land wherein the seed of Abra-
+ham was to dwell : see next verse.
+
+C
+
+
+6 And he believed in the Lord; tind he
+accounted it to him for righteousness.*
+
+7 And he said unto him, I am the Lord
+that brought thee out of Ur of the Clialdees,
+to give unto thee this land, to inherit it.
+
+8 And he said. Lord God, whereby shall I
+know that I shall iidierit it ?
+
+9 And he said unto him, Take me a heifer
+of three'' years old, and a she-goat of three
+^ears old, and a ram of three years old, and ;i
+turtle-dove, and a young pigeon.
+
+10 And he took unto him all these, and
+divided them in the midst, and laid each piece
+one opposite the other; but the birds he did
+not divide.
+
+11 And the birds of prey came down upon
+tlie carcas.ses; but Abram drove them tiwtiy.
+
+12 And when the sun was about going
+down, a deep sleej) fell upon Abram ; and lo,
+a horror, dark and great, fell upon him.
+
+13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a
+surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a
+land which is not theirs, and they" will make
+them serve, and they will afflict them ibui
+hundred years.
+
+14 And also that nation whom they shtdl
+serve, will I judge; and afterward shall they
+go out with great substance.
+
+15 But thou shalt come to thy fathers in
+peace ; thou shalt be buried in a good old age.
+
+16 Yet the fourth'' generation shall come
+hither tigain ; for the iniquity of the Emorites
+will not be full until then.
+
+17 And it came to pass, when the sun had
+gone down, and it was dark, that behold a
+smoking furnace, and a burning Hame," which
+passed between those pieces.
+
+18 On the same day the Lord made a
+covenant with Abram, saying. Unto thy seed
+have I given this land, from tlie river of Egypt
+unto the great river, the river Euphrates;
+
+19 The Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and
+the Kadmonites,
+
+20 And the Hittites, and the Perizzites,
+and the Rephaim,
+
+'' The fmirth generation of those who go down to tltai
+laud, which was Egypt. — Rashi.
+■ ° It was customary in olden times, for contracting par-
+tics to cut up animals and pass alternately through the
+pieces, (Jer. xxxiv. 18 ;) therefore was the fire seen
+passing through the members of the animals which Abra-
+ham had placed, as the evident representative of the Lord
+who that day made " the cnvonant between the pieces"
+with the patriarch.
+
+17
+
+
+GENESIS XVI. XVII. LECH LECHA.
+
+
+21 And the Emorites, and the Canaanites,
+and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ^ Now Sarai, Abram's wife, bore him no
+children; and she had an Egyptian handmaid,
+whose name was Hagar.
+
+2 And Sarai said unto Abram, Behold
+now, the Lord hath restrained me from bear-
+ing : go in, I pray thee, unto my maid ; it may
+be that I may obtain" ehildren by her. And
+Abram hearkened to the voice of Sarai.
+
+3 And Sarai, Abram's wife, took Hagar,
+the Egyptian, her maid, after Abram had
+dwelt ten years in the land'' of Canaan, and
+gave her to her husband Abram to be his
+wife.
+
+4 And he went in unto Hagar, and she
+conceived; and when she saw that she had
+conceived, her mistress became of little esteem
+in her eyes.
+
+5 And Sarai said unto Abram, I sufler"
+wrong through thee; I have placed my maid
+into thy bosom; and when she saw that she
+had conceived, I became of little esteem in her
+eyes: may the Lord judge between me and
+thee.
+
+6 But Abram said unto Sarai, Behold, thy
+maid is in thy hand; do to her as it pleaseth
+thee. And when Sarai dealt hardly with her,
+she fled from her face.
+
+7 And an angel of the Lord found her by
+a fountain of water in the wilderness, by the
+fountain on the way to Shur.
+
+8 And he said, Hagar, Sarai's maid, whence
+camest thou? and whither wilt thou go?
+And she said. From the face of my mistress
+Sarai I am fieeing.
+
+9 And the angel of the Lord said unto her.
+Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself
+ander her hands.
+
+10 And the angel of the Lord said unto
+
+
+■■ Heb. "Be built up from her."
+
+'' Literally, "at the end of ten years of Abram's resi-
+(leiiee in," &c.
+
+'- Others render, " My wrong be upon thee."
+
+'' YislimaiKj-d, " God will hear."
+
+' This version is according to Onkelos. Mendelssohn's
+version is: "Thou art a visible God ; for she said, Have
+I then seen any thing after ho that saw me had departed ?"
+Arnlieim again is very bidd : "Thou art the God of the
+appearance (nf prdphccy); for siie said, Do I now see
+here the least, after I have seen (clearly)?" A. distin-
+guishes b(^tween Roi or Mitrnh, 'N"\ or nsiO, "appearance,
+indistinct visiiin," and U'nli iw Manli, nxi, HvSio, "dis-
+18
+
+
+her, I will multiply thy seed exceedingly,
+that it shall not be numbered for multi-
+tude.
+
+11 And the angel of the Lord said unto
+her. Behold, thou art with child, and wilt bear
+a son, and thou shalt call his name Ishmael f
+because the Lord hath heard thy affliction.
+
+12 And he will be a wild man; his hand
+will be against every man, and every man's
+hand against him ; and in the presence of all
+his brethren shall he dwell.
+
+13 And she called the name of the Lord
+that sjjoke unto her. Thou art an all-seeing
+God ; for she said, Have I not also seen here
+a vision after he appeared to me T
+
+14 Wherefore the well was called Beer-
+lachai-roi:'^ behold, it is between Kadesh and
+Be red.
+
+15 And Hagar bore Abram a son ; and
+Abram called the name of his son, whom Ha-
+gar bore, Ishmael.
+
+16 And Abram was eighty and six years
+old, when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 And when Abram was ninety and nine
+yeiirs old, the Lord appeared to Abram, and
+said unto him, I am the Almighty^ God; walk
+before me, and be thou perfect.
+
+2 And I will make my covenant between
+me and thee, and I will multiply thee exceed-
+ingly.
+
+3 And Abram fell on liis face, and God
+spoke with him, saying,
+
+4 As for me, behold my covenant is with
+thee, and thou shalt become the father of a
+multitude of nations.
+
+5 Neither shall thy name any more be
+called Abram, but thy name shall be Abra-
+ham; for the,father of a multitude of nations
+have I made thee.
+
+6 And I will make thee exceedingly fruit-
+
+tinct seeing and clear vision." (See also Numb, xii, 6, 8.)
+Hagar then meant that God was merely such a one as ap-
+pears to man in an indistinct, shadowy vision or image,
+not a substantial bodily being; since she sawnotliiug any
+more after she had had the object speaking before her. —
+It is a difficult verse, and Onkelos seems to me to be
+nearer the truth than the later authorities.
+
+' " The well where the angel of the Living One was
+made manifest." — Onkklos.
+
+"= This, K[,-Sii.\iin.M, K the first appellation which we
+find God to have assumed: the other terms were merely
+applied to him by mankind. The second revelation of jjis
+name is in Exodus vi. '1, 3.
+
+
+GENESIS XVII. XVIII. VAYERA.
+
+
+fill, and I will cause thee to become nations;
+and kings shall come out of thee.*
+
+7 And I M'ill establish my covenant be-
+tween me and thee and between thy seed after
+thee in their generations for an everlasting
+covenant : to be a God unto thee, and to thy
+seed after thee.
+
+8 And I will give unto thee, and to thy
+seed after thee, the land wherein thou so-
+journest, all the land of Canaan, for an ever-
+lasting possession ; and I will be their God.
+
+9 And God said unto Abraham, But thou,
+for thy part, slialt keep my covenant, thou,
+and thy seed after thee, in their generations.
+
+10 This is my covenant, which ye shall
+keep, between me and between you, and be-
+tween thy seed after thee : Every man-child
+among you shall be circumcised.
+
+11 And ye shall circumcise the flesh of
+your foreskin ; and this shall serve as the
+token of the covenant between me and 3'ou.
+
+12 And at eight da3's old shall every man-
+child in your generations be circumcised among
+3'OU, he that is born in the house, or bought
+with money of any stranger, who is not of thy
+seed.
+
+13 He that is born in thy house, and he
+that is bought with thy money, must needs
+be circumcised; and my covenant shall be in
+your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
+
+14 And any uncircumcised male,* who cir-
+cumciseth not the flesh of his foreskin, that
+soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath
+broken my covenant.
+
+15 *[] And God said unto Abraham, As for
+Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name
+Sarai, but Sarah*" shall her name be.
+
+16 And I will bless her, and give thee also
+a son of her; yea 1 will bless her, and she
+shall become a mother of nations; kings of
+people shall spring from her.
+
+17 Then Abraham fell upon his face, and
+laughed ; and he said in his heart. Shall a
+child be born unto him that is a hundred
+years old? and shall Sarah, who is ninety
+years old, bear ?
+
+18 And Abraham said unto God, 0 that
+Ishmael might live before thee!"
+
+19 And God said. Truly, Sarah thy wife
+
+' " When a person Las reached the age of thirteen." —
+Kashi.
+
+'"Princess." So Abraham signifies Ahir-hamorip, a
+chief of a multitude; or, Ai-lannone, the father of a multi-
+
+
+shall bear thee a son; and thou shalt call his
+name Isaac;'' and I will establish my cove-
+nant with him for an everlasting covenant,
+for his seed after him.
+
+20 And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee :
+behold, I have blessed him, and will make
+him fruitful, and will multiply him exceed-
+ingly; twelve princes .shall he beget, and I will
+make of him a great nation.
+
+21 But my covenant will I establish with
+Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear unto thee at
+this set time in the next year.
+
+22 And when he had left ofl' talking with
+him, God went up from Abraham.
+
+23 And Abraham now took Ishmael \nn
+son, and all that were born in his house, and
+all that were bought with his money, every
+male among the men of Abraham's house ;
+and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskin
+on the self-same day, as God had spoken
+unto him.'^'
+
+24 And Abraham was ninety and nine
+years old, when he was circumcised in the
+flesh of his foreskin.
+
+25 And Ishmael his son was thirteen years
+old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of
+his foreskin.
+
+26 On the self-same da)- was Abraham cir-
+cumcised, with Ishmael his son.
+
+27 And all the men of his house, born in
+the house, and bought with money of the
+stranger, were circumcised with him.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah, xl. 27 to xli. 10.
+
+
+SECTION IV. VAYERA, Nin.
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 And the Lord appeared unto him in the
+grove of Mamre ; while he was sitting at the
+door of the tent in the heat of the day.
+
+2 And he lifted up his eyes and looked,
+and lo, three men stood near him ; and when
+he saw them, he ran to meet them from the
+door of the tent, and bowed himself to the
+ground ;
+
+3 And he said. My Lord, if now I have
+found favour in thy eyes, pass not away, I
+pray thee, from thy servant.
+
+4 Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched.
+
+
+tnde : the first is from Dubuo's Commentary, the second
+from Rashi.
+
+' That is, " to please thee."
+
+'' Yil^cliak, from pni" tunlio/.; "to liiiigli."
+
+
+J9
+
+
+GENESIS XVIII. VAYERA.
+
+
+and wash jour feet, and rest yonrselves under
+the tree.
+
+5 And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and
+comfort ye your heart, after that ye may
+pass on ; since ^e have once passed by your
+servant. And they said. So do, as thou hast
+spoken.
+
+6 And Abraliam hastened into tlie tent
+inito Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly
+three measures of fine meal, knead it, and
+make cakes.
+
+7 And Abriiliam ran unto the herd, and
+fetched a calf tender and good, and gave it
+unto a jonng man, and he hastened to
+dress it.
+
+8 And he took cream and milk, and the
+calf which he had dressed, and set it before
+them; and he stood by them under the tree,
+and they did eat.
+
+9 And they said unto him. Wliere is Sarah
+thy wife ? And he said, Behold, in the tent.
+
+10 And he said, I will certainly return
+unto thee at this time next ^ear;" and lo,
+Sarah thy wile shall have a son. And Sarah
+heard it at the door of the tent, which was
+l)ehind him.
+
+11 Now Abraham and Sarah were old and
+well stricken in years ; it had ceased to be
+with Sarah after the manner of women.
+
+12 Therefore Sarah laughed within herself,
+saying, After I am waxed old shall I have
+pleasure, ray lord also being old?
+
+lo And the Lord said unto Abraham,
+Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I
+of a surety bear a child, since I am old?
+
+14 Is any thing too hard lor the Lord ? At
+the time appointed I will return unto thee,
+at this time next year, and Sarah shall have
+a son.*
+
+15 Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed
+not; for she was afraid; but he said, Nay;
+indeed thou didst laugh.
+
+IG And the men rose up from there and
+
+' Rashi. Aruheim vory ingeniously renders it, " at the
+time of the recovery," /. r. of Sarah, after the birth of
+the promi.seJ ehihl, taking rrn for recovery.
+
+'' "Love liini, beeau.se he," i*te. — Kasiii. " It is revealed
+before lue that." — Onkpilds.
+
+" "I will spare them." — AliKV l'//l!.v and .Mk.ndels.soUN.
+Onkelos agrees with this, but adds, " if they repent,"
+against the previous eoni[)lete destruction " if they do not
+repent." llaslii c.icplains, " I will visit them with suffer-
+ings, but not make an end of them."
+
+'' Others render, " I'ai-dou the place."
+20
+
+
+looked toward Sodom ; and Abraham went
+with them to bring them on the way.
+
+17 And the Lord said, Shall I hide from
+Abraham what I am about doing ?
+
+18 Seeing that Abraham shall surely be-
+come a great and mighty nation, and all the
+nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?
+
+19 For I know'' him, that he will command
+his children and his household after him, that
+they shall keep the way of the Lord, to do
+righteousness and justice ; in order that the
+Lord may bring upon Abraham that which
+he hath spoken concerning him.
+
+20 And the Lord said. Because the cry
+against Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and
+beciiuse their sin is very grievous :
+
+21 I will go down now, and see, if they
+have done according to the ci-y against them,
+which is come unto me, destruction (shall
+come upon them) ; and if not, I will know' it.
+
+22 And the men turned their faces from
+there, and went toward Sodom ; but Abraham
+stood yet before the Lord.
+
+23 And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt
+thou then desti'oy the righteous also with the
+wicked ?
+
+2-4 Peradventure there tire fifty righteous
+within the city; wilt thou then also destroy
+and not spare'' the place for the sake of the
+fifty righteous that are therein ?
+
+25 Far be it from thee to do after this
+manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked,
+and that the righteous should be as the
+wicked;" far be this from thee; shall the
+Judge of all the earth not exercise justice ?
+
+26 And the Lord said, If I lind in Sudom
+fifty lighteous within the city, then will I
+sptire all the place for their sake.
+
+27 And Abraham answered and said. Be-
+hold now, I have taken upon me to speak inito
+the Lord, although I am but dust and ashes:
+
+28 Peradventure there will lack five of the
+fifty righteous; wilt thou then destro}' all the
+
+
+" For in case an indiscriminate destruction of the cities
+
+shnuld take place, all the inhabitants, whether good or
+wicked, would necessarily have to share the same fate ;
+Abraham thercf ire asked that the mercy wdiieh tiie right-
+eous deserved, niight, in order to save them, staj' the doom
+which was impending over the cities in W'hieh they dwelt ;
+and being at once a,ssured that divine justice would dis-
+erimiuate, he grew bolder in hispra3'er, till at length he
+was certified that even ten should cause the suspension of
+the punishment.
+
+
+I
+
+
+OENESrS XVIII. XIX. V.\YEUA.
+
+
+city fi)r the (lack of) the^Q five ? And lie said, '
+I will not destroy, if I find there forty and five.
+
+29 And he spoke yet again unto him, and
+said, Perad\entnre there will be found there
+forty. And he said, I will not do it for the
+sake of the forty.
+
+30 And he "said. Oh, let not the Lord be
+angry, and I will speak : Peradventure there
+will be found there thirty. And he said, I
+will not do it, if I find there thirty.
+
+31 And he said. Behold now, I have taken
+upon me to speak unto the Lord : Peradven-
+ture there will be found there twenty. And
+he said. I \\ ill not destroy, for the sake of the
+twentw
+
+32 "And he said. Oh, let not the Lord be
+angry, and I will speak yet but this once :
+Peradventure there will be found there ten.
+And he said, I will not destroy, for the sake
+of the ten.
+
+33 And the Lord went away, when he had
+finished speaking with Abraham ; and Abra-
+ham returned unto his place.*
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 And the two angels came to Sodom in
+the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gate
+of Sodom ; and when Lot saw them he rose
+up to meet them, and he bowed himself with
+his face to the ground.
+
+2 And he said, Behold now, my lords,
+turn ill, I pray you, into your servant's house,
+and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and
+ye can rise up early, and go on your way.
+And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the
+street all night.
+
+3 And he pressed upon them greatly, and
+they turned in unto him, and entered into his
+house ; and he made them a feast, and baked
+unleavened bread, and they did eat.
+
+4 But before they had lain down, the men
+of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed
+the hou.se round, both old and young, all the
+people from every quarter :
+
+5 And they called unto Lot, and said unto
+him. Where are the men who came in to thee
+this night? bring them out unto us, that we
+may know them.
+
+
+' " Cry" means that tlie greatness of the sin has be-
+come so apparent as to demand, " cry out for," vengeance
+against the transgressors. See above, iv. 10; xviii. ,
+20,21.
+
+"■ Mendelssohn, who iinderstands the participle in the
+
+
+(3 And Lot went out unto them, at the
+entrance (of the house), and shut the door
+after him,
+
+7 And he said, I pray you, my brethren, do
+not act wickedly.
+
+8 Behold now, I have two daughters who
+have not known man ; let me, I pray you,
+bring them out unto you, and do ye to them
+as is good in your eyes; only unto these men
+do nothing, since they have once come under
+the shadow of my roof.
+
+9 And they said, Stand back. And they
+said. This one man came in to sojourn, and
+he will needs be a judge ; now will we deal
+worse with thee than with them. And they
+pressed sorely upon the man Lot, and they
+came near to break the door.
+
+10 But the men put forth their hand, and
+pulled Lot to them into the house, and the
+door they locked.
+
+11 And the men that were at the entrance
+of the house they smote with blindness, both
+small and, great, so that they wearied them-
+selves to find the entrance.
+
+■ 12 And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou
+here any besides ? a son-in-law, and thy sons,
+and tliy daughters, and whatsoever thou hast
+in the city, bring out of this place.
+
+13 For we will destroy this place, because
+the cry" against them is waxed great before
+the face of the Lord; and the Lord hath sent
+us to destroy it.
+
+14 And Lot went out and spoke unto his
+sons-in-law, who were to marry'' his daughters,
+and said, Arise, get yourselves out of this
+place, for the Lord will destroy this city; but
+he seemed as one that jestetli in the eyes of
+his sons-in-law.
+
+15 And as the morning dawn arose, the
+angels urged Lot, saying. Arise, take thy
+wife, and thy two daughters that are here, lest
+thou be consumed for the iniquity of the city.
+
+16 And while he yet lingered, the men laid
+hold of his hand, and of the hand of his witi?,
+and of the hand of his two daughters, becaii.se
+the Lord desired to spare him ; and they
+brought him forth, and set him without the city.
+
+17 And it came to pass, when they had
+
+text as "about to take ;" but Rashi divides the words so,
+" His sons-in law, — he had two daughters married in the
+city; the takers of his daughters, — those to whom those at
+home were betrothed." Aben Ezra also coincides with
+this.
+
+21
+
+
+GENESIS XIX. XX. VAYERA.
+
+
+brought them forth abroad, that he said,
+Escape for thy Hfe, look not behind thee,
+neither stay thou in all the plain ; escape to
+the niountain, lest thou be consumed.
+
+18 And Lot said unto them. Oh, not so, my
+lord !
+
+19 Behold now, thy servant hath found
+grace in thy eyes, and thou hast magnified
+thy kindness, which thou hast showed unto
+me in saving my life ; and I cannot escape to
+the mountain, lest the evil overtake me, and
+I die.
+
+20 Behold now, this city is near to flee
+thereunto, and it is little ; oh, let me, I pray
+thee, escape thither, (as it is but little,) that
+my life may be saved.*
+
+21 And he said unto him, See, I have
+favoured thee concerning this thing also, that
+I will not overthrow this city, of which thou
+hast spoken.
+
+22 Haste thee, escape thither ; for I cannot
+do any thing till thou hast come thither.
+Therefore was the name of the .city called
+Zoiir.^
+
+23 The sun rose over the earth, when Lot
+entered into Zoiir.
+
+24 And the Lord rained upon Sodom and
+upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire, from the
+Lord, out of lieaven ;
+
+25 And he overthrew those cities, and all
+the plain, and all the inhabitants of the
+cities, and that wliicli grew upon the ground.
+
+2G But his wife looked back f^om behind
+him, and she became a pillar of salt.
+
+27 And Abraham got up early in the
+morning to the place where he had stood be-
+fore the Lord :
+
+28 And he looked toward Sodom and Go-
+morrah, and toward all the land of the plain,
+and beheld, and lo, smoke went up from the
+earth as the smoke of a furnace.''
+
+29 And it came to pass, when God de-
+stroyed the cities of the plain, that God re-
+membered Abraham," and sent Lot away out
+(>f the midst of the overthrow, when he over-
+threw the cities in the which Lot had dwelt.
+
+30 And Lot went up out of Zoar, and
+
+' "Little," from milr.di-,
+
+^ Eng. vor. " the siuokc! nf the country wont up," &c.
+
+° Not for any particular merit in Lot, although ho was
+
+not so corrupt as the other men in Sodom ; but because
+
+lie was a kinsman of Abraham; for the sake of Abraham's
+
+virtue was Lot spared. (See Gen. xxvi. .5; PLxod. xx. 6.)
+
+22
+
+
+dwelt in the mountain, and his two daugh-
+ters with him, for he feared to dwell in Zoiir;
+and he dwelt in a cave, he, and his two
+daughters.
+
+31 And the first-born said unto the young-
+er. Our father is old, and there is not a man
+in the country to come in unto us after the
+manner of all the earth :
+
+32 Come, let us make our father drink
+wine, and we will lie with him, that we may
+preserve seed of our firther. '
+
+33 And they made their fother drink wine
+that night; and the first-born went in, and
+lay with her father, and he perceived not
+when she la}' down, nor when she arose.
+
+34 And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that the first-born said unto the younger, Be-
+
+I hold, I lay yesternight with my lather; let us
+make him drink wine this night also, and go
+thou in, and lie with liim, that we may pre-
+serve seed of our father.
+
+35 And they made their father drink wine
+that night also ; and the younger arose, and
+lay with him, and he perceived not when she
+lay down, nor when she arose.
+
+30 And both the daughters of Lot became
+with child by their father.
+
+37 And the first-born bore a son, and
+called his name MoJib;'' the same is the father
+of the Moabites unto this day.
+
+38 And the younger, she also bore a son,
+and called his name Ben-ammi:'' the same is
+the father of the children of Ammon unto this
+day.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 \ And Abrahaui journeyed from there
+toward the south country, and dwelt between
+Kadesh and Sliur, and sojourned in Gerar.
+
+2 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife,
+She is my sister; and Abimelech the king
+of Gerar sent and took Sarah.
+
+3 But God came to Abimelech in a dream
+by night,*^ and saiil to him. Behold, thou shalt
+die for the sake of the woman whom thou hast
+taken ; for she is a man's wife.
+
+4 But Abimelech had not come near to
+
+
+^ " From my father," jVaiilj JNTO, from Al> 3N'.
+
+" " The son of my poople," Ammon poy, from Ben-
+ammi 'n>' p.
+
+' Literally, "in a dream of the night," a species of pro-
+phecy specially referred to in Numb. xii. 6; also Gen
+xxxi. 11, 24, &c.
+
+
+CxENEStS XX. XXI. \^AYERA.
+
+
+her; and he said, Lord, wilt thou then sLay
+also a righteous nation ?"
+
+5 Said he not unto me, She is my sister?
+and she, even she herself, said. He is my
+brother ; in the integrity of my heart and the
+innocency of my hands have I done this.
+
+6 And God said unto him in the dream.
+Yea, I also well know that thou hast done
+this in the integrity of thy heart; therefore
+did I also withhold thee from sinning against
+me ; for this cau.se I suffered thee not to touch
+her.
+
+7 And now restore the man's wife, for he
+is a prophet, and he will pray for thee, that
+thou mayest live ; and if thou restore her
+not, know thou, that thou shalt surely die,
+thou and all that are thine.
+
+8 And Abimelech rose early in the morn-
+ing, and called all his servants, and told all
+these things in their hearing; and the men
+were greatly afraid.
+
+9 Then Abimelech called Abraham, and
+said unto him. What hast thou done unto us?
+and in what have I oflended thee, that thou
+hast brought on me and on my kingdom a
+great sin ? deeds that ought not to be done
+thou hast done unto me.
+
+10 And Abimelech said unto Abraham,
+What sawest thou, that thou didst this thing?
+
+11 And Abraham said, Because I thought.
+Surely there is no fear of God in this place,''
+and they will sLay me for the sake of my
+wife.
+
+12 And yet indeed she is my sister, the
+daugliter of my father, but not the daughter
+of my mother ; and she became my wife.
+
+13 And it came to pass, when God° caused
+me to wander from my father's house, that I
+said unto her, This is thy kindness which
+thou shalt show unto me ; at every place
+whither we shall come, say of me. He is my
+brother.
+
+14 And Abimelech took sheep, and oxen,
+and men-servants, and women-servants, and
+gave them unto Abraham, and restored to him
+Sarah his wife.
+
+' This speech of Abimelech proves that the nations of
+Palestine were acquainted with the moral laws : hence
+their tra'isgressions were sinful.
+
+'' The beauty, therefore, of his wife would expose him
+to the violence of those who might desire to possess them-
+selves ol her agaiust his will.
+
+' Heb. D"nSx 'nx i;?nn "the Gods caused me to wan-
+der," the plural of majesty. Compare above, i. 26.
+
+
+I'j And Al)inH'lccli said. Behold, my land
+is before thee: dwell where it is pleasing in
+thy eyes.
+
+16 And unto Sarah he said, Behold, I have
+given thy brother a thousand pieces of silver :
+behold, this is to thee a covering of the eyes''
+unto all that are with thee; and with all
+others thou canst thus justify thyselt^'
+
+17 And Abraham prayed unto God ; and
+God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his
+maid-servant.s, so that they could bear chil-
+dren.
+
+18 For the Lord had fast closed up every
+womb of the house of Abimelech, because of
+Sarah, Abraham's wife.
+
+CHAPTER XXL
+
+1 ^f And the Loud visited Sarah as he had
+said, and the Lord did unto Sarah as he had
+spoken .
+
+2 And Sarah conceived, and bore unto
+Abi'aham a son in his old age, at the ap-
+pointed time of which God had spoken to
+him.
+
+3 And Abraham called the name of his
+son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bore
+to him, Isaac.
+
+4 And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac,
+at eight days old, as God had commanded
+him.'''
+
+5 And Abraham was a hundred years old,
+when his son Isaac was born imto him.
+
+6 And Sarah said, God hath made me joy,'
+whoever heareth it will laugh concerning me.
+
+7 And she said, Who would have said
+unto Abraham, that Sarai should have given
+children suck ? yet I have born a son in his
+old age.
+
+8 And the child grew, and was weaned;
+and Abraham made a great feast on the day
+that Isaac was weaned.
+
+9 And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the
+Egyptian, whom she had born unto Abra-
+ham, mocking.
+
+10 Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast
+out this bond-woman and her son ; for the son
+
+■^ That is, "avail," figurative for "justification."
+' Rashi, who makes nriDJI the second person past tense
+of the Niphal conjugation, which gives the best explana-
+tion of this passage. Arnheim makes the word a partici-
+ple, and renders the passage, " for all and each who contend
+with thee."
+
+' Onkelos. Others render the word " laughing," thus
+" Grod hath m.ado me eau.se for laughing."
+
+23
+
+
+GENESIS XXI. XXTI. VAYERA.
+
+
+of this bond-woinan shall not be lieir with my
+.son, with Isaac.
+
+11 And the thing was very grievous in
+Abraham's eyes, because of his son.
+
+12 And God said unto Abraham, Let it
+not be grievous in thy eyes because of the
+lad, and because of thy bond-woman ; in all
+that Sarah may say unto thee, hearken unto
+her voice; for in Isaac" sliall thy seed be
+called.
+
+13 And also of the son of the bond-woman
+will I make a nation, because he is thy seed.
+
+14 And Abraham rose up early in the
+morning, and took bread, and a bottle'' of water,
+and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her
+shoulder, and the child, and sent her away;
+and she departed, and wandered astray in the
+wilderness of Beer-sheba.
+
+15 And the water was spent from the bot-
+tle, and she cast the child under one of the
+shrubs.
+
+16 And she went, and seated herself down
+at some distance, a good way off, about a bojv-
+shot; for she said, I cannot look on when the
+child dieih; so she sat at a distance, and
+lifted up her voice, and wept.
+
+17 And God heard the voice of the lad;
+and an angel of God called to Hagar out of
+heaven, and said unto her, Wliat aileth thee,
+Hagar? Pear not; for God hath heard the
+voice of the lad, there where he is.
+
+18 Arise, lift up the lad, and lay hold on
+him with thy hand; for I will make of him
+a great nation.
+
+19 And God opened her eyes, and she saw
+a well of water: and she went, and filled the
+bottle with water, and gave the lad drink.
+
+2U And God was with the lad ; and he
+grew up, and dwelt in the wilderness, and be-
+came an arclier.
+
+21 And he dwelt in the wilderness of Pa-
+ran; and his mother took hhn a wife out of
+the land of Egypt.*
+
+22 *^\ And it came to pass at that time, that
+Abimelech, and Phichol the chief captain of
+
+° The blessing made on a previous occasion, that all na-
+tions .sliould be bless(!(l tiivoiijrh the seed of Abraham,
+was to be aecouiplislied through Isaac and his descendants,
+to the exclusion of Ishniael and the other children that
+Abraham might have.
+
+^ The water-skin in which travellers carry the neces-
+sary supply on their journey through the wilderness.
+
+" "Well of the oath." " Rashi, after the Talmud.
+
+• The word '' tempt" liere must be taken in the sense
+24
+
+
+his host, spoke unto Abraham, saying, God is
+with thee in all that thou doest:
+
+23 Now tlierefore swear unto me here by
+God, that thou wilt not deal falsely with me,
+nor with my son, nor with my son's son; (but)
+according to the kindness that I have done
+unto thee, shalt thou do unto me, and to
+the land wherein thou hast sojourned.
+
+24 And Abraham said, I will swear.
+
+25 And Abraham reproved Abimelech be-
+cause of a well of water, which Abimelech's
+servants had violently taken away.
+
+26 And Abimelech said, I know not who
+hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell
+me; nor have I heard of it except this da}'.
+
+27 And- Abraham took sheep and oxen,
+and gave them unto Abimelech ; and both of
+them made a covenant.
+
+28 And Abraham set seven ewe-lambs of
+the tlock, by themselves.
+
+29 And Abimelech said unto Abraham ;
+What mean these seven ewe-lambs which thou
+hast set by themselves ?
+
+30 And he said, Por these seven ewe-lambs
+shalt thou take from my hand, that they may
+be a witness unto me that I have dug this
+well.
+
+31 Wherefore he called that place Beer-
+sheba ;" because there they swore, both of
+them.
+
+32 Thus they made a covenant at Beer-
+sheba; then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol
+the chief captain of his host, and they returned
+into the land of the Philistines.
+
+33 And Abraham planted an orchard"" in
+Beer-sheba, and called there on the name of
+the Lord, the God of everlasting.
+
+34 And Abraham sojourned in the land of
+the Philistines many daj's.*
+
+CHAPTER XXIL
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass after these things,
+that God did tempt" Abraham, and he said
+unto him, Abraham, and he said, Behold,
+here am I.
+
+
+ot proving, L e. God proved Abraham's constancy by the
+command to sacrifice Isaac. All the other proofs of faith
+hitherto demanded of him were to be crowned by the wil-
+lingness to sacrifice up to the will of God his dearest hope,
+the child in whom all the blessings promised him sin mid
+be accomplished : still he obeyed, and did not complain
+of the apparent inconsistency of the divine promise with
+the present injunction of destroying the very child through
+whom this blessing could alone be fulfilled.
+
+
+GENESIS XXII. VAYERA.
+
+
+2 And he said, Take now thy son, thy only
+one, whom thou lovest, even Isaac, and get
+thee into the Land of Moriah ; and offer
+him there for a burnt^oflering upon one of
+tiie mountains which I will tell thee of
+
+3 And Aljraham rose up early in the morn-
+ing, and saddled his ass, and took two of his
+young men with him. and Isaac his son; and
+he clave the wood ft)r the burnt-offering, and
+arose,'' and went unto tiie place of which God
+had told him.
+
+4 On the third day Abraham lifted up his
+eyes, and saw the place afar oflf.
+
+5 And Abraham said unto his young men,
+Abide 3-e here with the ass, and I and the
+lad will go yonder, and we will worship,'' and
+then come again to you.
+
+6 And Abraham took the wood for the
+burnt-oftering, and laid it upon Isaac his
+son ; and he took in his hand the fire and
+the knife ; and they went both of them to-
+gether.
+
+7 And Isaac spoke unto Abraham his
+father, and said. My fether; and he said.
+Here am I, my son. And he said. Behold,
+here is tlie fire and the wood ; but where is
+the lamb for a burnt-offering?
+
+8 And Abraham said, God will provide
+himself the lamb for a burnt-offering, my
+son ;° so they went both of them together.
+
+9 And they came to the place which God
+had told him of; and Abraham built there an
+altar, and laid the wood in order, and bound
+Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar above
+the wood.
+
+10 And Abraham stretched forth his hand,
+and took the ivnife to slay his son.
+
+11 But the angel of the Lord called unto
+him out of heaven, and said, Abraham, Abra-
+ham ; and he said, Here am I.
+
+12 And he said. Lay not thy hand upon
+the lad, neither do thou the least unto him;
+for now I know that tliou fearest God, seeing
+that thou hast not withheld thy son, thy only
+one, from me.
+
+" This term, from the Hebrew DID " to arise," is mostly
+employed when some exertion or activity is required to do
+the act subsequently mentioned.
+
+'' Properly, "we will prostrate ourselves."
+
+° " Will look out and choose for himself the lamb; and
+if there be no lamb, then my son, for the burnt^offering."
+• — Rashi.
+
+^ " The Lord shall provide," from the words of Abra-
+
+
+13 And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and
+looked, and behold, there was a ram that
+was afterward caught in a thicket by his
+horns; and Abraham went and took the ram,
+and offered him up for a burnt-offering in
+the stead of his son.
+
+14 And Abraham called the name of that
+place, Adonai-yireh ■.'^ as it is said to this
+day," On the mount of the Lord it shall be
+seen.*^
+
+15 And the angel of the Lord called
+unto Abraham the second time out of
+heaven,
+
+16 And said, By myself have I sworn, saith
+the Lord, since, because thou hast done this
+thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thy
+only one :
+
+17 That I will greatly bless thee, and I
+will exceedingly multiply thy seed as the
+stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is
+upon the sea-shore ; and thy seed shall possess
+the gate of his enemies ;
+
+18 And in thy seed shall all the nations of
+the earth be blessed ; because that thou hast
+obeyed my voice.
+
+19 And Abraham returned unto his young
+men ; and they rose up, and went together to
+Beer-sheba; and Abraham dwelt at Beer-
+sheba.*
+
+20 T[ And it came to pass after these
+things, that it was told to Abraham, saying.
+Behold, Milcah, she also, hath born children
+unto Nachor thy brother;
+
+21 'Uz his first born, and Buz his brother,
+and Kemuel the father of Aram,
+
+22 And Kesed, and Chazo, and Pildash,
+and Yidlaph, and Bethuel.
+
+23 And Bethuel begat Rebekah ; these
+eight did Milcah bear to Nachor, Abraham's
+brother.
+
+24 And his concubine, whose name was
+Reiimah, she also bore Tebach, and Gacham,
+and Thachash, and Maachah.
+
+Haphtorah, in 2d Kings iv. 1 to 37 ; but the Portuguese end
+with V. 23.
+
+
+ham to Isaac, Eloliim yireh lo liassay, " God will provide
+himself the lamb."
+
+• " In future days, as all ' unto this day' in Scripture
+must be understood ; for all coming generations, who read
+this verse, will say ' unto this day' of the day in which
+they are." — Rashi.
+
+' " Will the Lord appear" to his people. — Idem.
+
+26
+
+
+GENESIS XXIII. XXIV. CHAYE SARAH.
+
+
+SECTION V. CHAYE SARAH, mt:' ''H.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 Tl And the lifetime of Sarah was a hundred
+and twenty-seven years; (these) were the
+years of the life of Sarah.
+
+2 And Sarah died" in Kiryath-arba, the
+same is Hebron in the land of Canaan : and
+Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to
+weep for her.
+
+3 And Abraham stood up from before his
+dead, and spoke unto the sons of Heth, saying,
+
+4 A stranger and a sojourner I am with
+you ; give me a possession for a burying-place
+with you, that I may bury my dead out of my
+sight.
+
+5 And the children of Heth answered
+Abraham, saying unto him :
+
+6 Hear us, my lord ; a prince of God thou
+art among us ; in the choice of our sepulchres
+bury thy dead ; none of us shall withhold
+from thee his sepulchre, so that thou mayest
+bury thy dead.
+
+7 And Abraham stood up and bowed him-
+self to the people of the land, to the children
+of Heth.
+
+8 And he spoke with them, saying. If it be
+your mind that I should bury my dead out of
+my sight, hear me, and intercede for me with
+Ephron the son of Zochar,
+
+9 That he may give me the cave of Mach-
+pelah, which is his, which is at the end of his
+field ; for as much money as it is worth he
+shall give it me, for a possession as a burying-
+place amongst you.
+
+10 And Eplinm dwelt among the children
+oflletli; and Ephron the Hittite answered
+Abraham in the hearing of the children of
+Heth, of all tho.se that went in at the gate of
+his city, saying,
+
+11 Nay, my lord, hear me: the field I give
+to thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it
+to thee; in the presence of the sons of my
+peo|)le do I give it thee; bury thy dead.
+
+12 And Abraham bowed himself down be-
+fore the people of the land.
+
+13 And he spoke unto Ephron in the hear-
+
+* It is the opinion of commentators that Sarah died in
+tonsoquence of the grief she experienced when hearing
+that Abraluim liad gone to sacrifice Isaac.
+
+'' Kpliron had protended great an.xiety to give the land
+to Abraham ; but when he mentioned the value, Abra-
+2(1
+
+
+ing of the people of the land, saying. But if
+thou wouldst only hear me ; I will give the
+money for the field, take it of me, and I will
+bury my dead there.
+
+14 And Ephron answered Abraham, saying
+unto him,
+
+15 My lord, hearken unto me : a piece of
+land worth four hundred shekels of silver,
+what is tliat between me and thee ? only bury
+thy dead.
+
+16 And Abraham understood'' the meaning
+of Ephron; and Aljraham weiglied out to
+Ephron the silver which he had named in the
+hearing of the sons of Heth, four hundred
+shekels of silver, current with the merchant.*
+
+17 And the field of Ephron, which was in
+Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the
+field, and the cave which was therein, and all
+the trees that wei-e in the field, that were in
+all its borders round about, were made sure
+
+18 Unto Abraham for a bought possession
+in the pre.'^ence of the children of Heth, before
+all that went in at the gate of his city.
+
+19 And after this, Abraham buried Sarah
+his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah,
+before Mamre, which is Hebron, in the land
+of Canaan.
+
+20 And the field, with the cave that is
+therein, was made sure unto Abraham for a
+possession as a burying-j^lace by the sons of
+Heth.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ And Abraham was old, well stricken in
+years ; and the Lord had blessed Abraham in
+all things.
+
+2 And Abraham said unto his servant, the
+eldest of his house, Avho ruled over all that
+he had, Put, I pray thee, thy hand under my
+thigh :
+
+3 And I will make thee swear by the Lord,
+the God of heaven, and the God of the earth,
+that thou shalt not take a wife unto my son
+from the daughters of the Canaanites,'" among
+whom I dwell.
+
+4 But unto my country, and to my birth-
+place shalt thou go, and take a wife unto my
+son, unto Isaac.
+
+
+ham at once understood his price, and weighed out the
+amount which Ephron required.
+
+° That the descendants of those cursed by the father of
+the new generation of man, should not mingle with those
+blessed. (Gen. ix. 29.) — Dubno.
+
+
+GENESIS XXIV. CHAYE SARAH.
+
+
+5 And the servant said unto hini, Perad-
+venture the woman will not be willing to fol-
+low me unto this land : must I then bring
+thy son again unto the land from which thou
+earnest?
+
+G And Abraham said unto him, Beware
+thou, that thou bring not my sou thither
+again.
+
+7 The Lord, the God of heaven, who took
+me from my fathers house, and from the land
+of my birth, and who sjioke unto me, and who
+swore unto me, saying. Unto thy seed will I
+give this land : he will send his angel before
+thee, and thou shalt take a wife unto my son
+from there.
+
+8 But if the woman should not be willing
+to follow thee, then shalt thou be clear from
+this my oath : only my son thou shalt not
+bring thither again.
+
+9 And the servant put his hand under the
+thigh of Abraham his master, and swore to
+him conceruiuo' this matter.*
+
+10 And the servant took ten camels of the
+camels of his master, and departed, with all
+kinds of precious things" of his master in his
+hand ; and he arose, and went to Mesopota-
+mia,'' unto the city of Nachor.
+
+11 And he made the camels to kneel down
+without the city by a well of water at the
+time of the evening, at the time that the
+women go" out to draw water.
+
+12 And he said, 0 Lord, the God of my
+master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good
+speed this day, and deal kindly with my
+master Abraham.
+
+13 Behold, I stand'' by the well of water;
+and the daughters of the men of the city
+come out to draw water :
+
+14 And let it come to pass, that the maiden
+to whom I shall say. Let down thy pitcher, I
+pray thee, that I may drink ; and she shall
+say. Drink, and to thy camels also will I give
+drink, be the one thou hast appointed for thy
+servant Isaac ; and thereby shall I know that '
+thou hast shown kindness unto my master.
+
+15 And it came to pass, before he had
+
+* Eng. ver. " for all the goods of his master were in
+his hand." Rashi explains that he took with him a
+deed of gift of all Abraham's wealth unto Isaac. Others
+refer it to the presents mentioned afterward : this opinion
+has been adopted in this version.
+
+" " Aram-Naharayim," Syria of the two rivers, the Eu-
+phrates and Tigris.
+
+° This custom still prevails.
+
+
+yet finished speaking, that, heboid, Rebekah'
+came out, who was born to Bethuel, the son
+of Milcah, the wife of Nachor, Abraham's
+brother, with her pitcher upon her shoulder,
+
+16 And the maiden was of a very^-jnd-
+some appearance, a virgin, neither hai any
+man known her; and she went down to the
+well, and filled her pitcher, and came up.
+
+17 And the servant ran to meet her, and
+said. Let me, I pray thee, drink a little water
+out of thy pitcher.
+
+18 And she said, Drink, my lord : and .she
+hastened, and let down her pitcher upon her
+hand, and gave him to drink.
+
+19 And when she had finished giving him
+drink, she said. Also for thy camels will I
+draw water, until they have finished drinking.
+
+20 And she hastened, and emptied her
+pitcher into the trough, and ran again unto
+the well to draw water, and drew for all his
+camels.
+
+21 And the man was wondering at her;'
+remaining silent, to discover whether the
+Lord had made his journey prosperous or
+not.
+
+22 And it came to pass, as the camels had
+finished drinking, that the man took a golden
+ear-ring, half a shekel in weight, and two brace-
+lets for her hands, ten gold shekels in weight ;
+
+23 And he said, Whose daughter art thou?
+tell me, I pray thee ; is there room in thy
+father's house for us to stay this night in ?
+
+24 And she said unto him, I am the
+daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, whom
+she bore unto Nachor.
+
+25 She said moreover unto him. We have
+both straw and provender in plenty, as also
+room to lodge in.
+
+26 And the man bowed down his head,
+and prostrated himself before the Lord.*
+
+27 And he said, Blessed be the Lord, the
+God of my master Abraham, who hath not
+withdrawn his mercy and his truth from my
+master ; I being on the way, which the Lord
+hath led me, to the house of the brethren of
+my master.
+
+* "I will place myself" — Arnheim and others.
+
+' Properly, Rihkah.
+
+' Meaning, he felt astonished at the remarkable verifi-
+cation of the test he had proposed, and therefore remained
+silent for some time, to endeavour first to find out by the
+sequel whether indeed the maiden before him might truly
+be the one of the family of Abraham, whom he was to
+take as a wife for Isaac.
+
+27
+
+
+GENESIS XXIV. CHAYE SARAH.
+
+
+28 And the maiden ran, and told at her
+mother's house these things.
+
+29 And Rebelvah had a brother, and his
+name was Laban ; and Laban ran out unto
+the man, unto the welL
+
+30 And this came to pass, when he saw the
+ear-ring and the bracelets upon his sister's
+hands, and when he heard the words of Re-
+bekah his sister, saying. Thus spoke the man
+unto me ; and he came unto the man ; and, be-
+hold, he was standing by the camels at the well.
+
+31 And he said. Come in, thou blessed of
+the Lord; wherefore standest thou without?
+while I have prepared"' the house and room
+for the camels.
+
+32 And the man came into the house, and
+he ungirded the camels; and he gave straw
+and provender for the camels, and water to
+wash his feet, and the feet of the men that
+were with him.
+
+33 And there was set food before him to
+eat ; but he said, I will not eat, until I have
+spoken my w6rds. And he said. Speak on.
+
+34 And he said, I am Abraham's servant.
+
+35 And the Lord hath blessed my master
+greatly ; and he is become great : and he hath
+given him flocks, and herds, and silver, and
+gold, and men-servants, and maid-servants,
+and camels, and asses.
+
+36 And Sarah my master's Avife bore a son
+to my master after she was become old: and
+he hath given unto him all that he hath.
+
+37 And my master made me swear, sa^'-
+ing. Thou shalt not take a wife for my son
+from the daughters of the Caniianites, in
+who.se land I dwell :
+
+38 But thou'' shalt go unto my father's
+house, and to my kindred, and take a wife
+unto my son.
+
+39 And I said unto my master, Peradven-
+ture the woman will not follow me.
+
+40 And he said unto me. The Lord, before
+whom I have walked, will send his angel with
+thee, and prosper thy way; that thou mayest
+take a wife ibr my son from my kindred, and
+Irom my father's house.
+
+"Properly, "cleared out" the obstructions from the
+house which might prevent the reception of guests.
+
+'' Some, among these Rashi, explain tliis vcr.se as a
+condition, nS DX " if not," meaning that 'he should first
+endeavour to obtain a wife from Abraham's family; but
+" if not," then by inference to be permitted to choose one
+elsewhere.
+
+° In the narrative, the word mi>J ndarah is found,
+28
+
+
+41 Then shalt thou be clear from my oath,
+when thou comest to my kindred; and if they
+do not give thee one, (then) .shalt thou be
+clear from my oath.
+
+42 And I came this day unto the well, and
+said, 0 Lord, the God of my master Abraham,
+if thou wouldst but prosper my way on which
+I am going.
+
+43 Behold, I stand by the well of water;
+and it shall be the young woman'' who cometh
+forth to draw water, and I say to her. Give
+me, I pray thee, a little water out of thy
+pitcher to drink;
+
+44 And she say to me. Both drink thou,
+and also for thy camels will I draw : this shall
+be the wife whom the Lord hath destined for
+my master's son.
+
+45 And before I hadyetfinished speaking to
+my own heart, behold, Rebekah came forth
+with her pitcher on her shoulder; and she
+went down unto the well, and drew water;
+and I said unto her. Let me drink, I pray
+thee.
+
+46 And she made baste, and let down her
+pitcher from her shoulder, and said, Drink,
+and also to thy camels I will give drink ; and
+I drank, and she made the camels drink
+also.
+
+47 And I asked her, and said, Who.se
+daughter art thou? And she said. The
+daughter of Bethuel, Nachor's son, whom
+Milcah bore unto him : and I put the ear-
+ring upon her face,*" and the bracelets upon
+her hands.
+
+48 And I bowed down my head, and pros-
+trated myself before the Lt)RD; and I blessed
+the Lord, the God of my master Abraham,
+who had led me in the right way to take
+the daughter of my master's brother for his
+son.
+
+49 And now if ye will deal kindly and
+truly with my master, tell me : and if not,
+tell me, that I may turn to the right, or to
+the left.
+
+50 Then Laban and Bethuel answered and
+said. The thing hath proceeded from the
+
+
+whereas Elcazer employs the term noS;' ' Almah, perhaps
+then used to express a person of quality, equal to the
+modern phrase, "young lady." The change of the terms
+is readily accounted for by the occurrence itself.
+
+■^ "The nose-ring on her nose." — Mendelssohn, who
+translates Dt: with "nose-ring." This is undoubtedly cor-
+rect here, though in other passages it stands for ear-ring;
+for instance, Exod. xxxii. 2.
+
+
+GENESIS XXIV. XXV. CHAYE SARAH.
+
+
+Lord; we cannot speak* unto thee bad or
+good.
+
+51 Behold, Rebekah is before thee, take
+her, and go, and let her be the wife of thy
+master's son, as the Lord hath spoken.
+
+52 And it fame to pass, when Abraham's
+servant lieai'd their words, that he prostrated ;
+himself to the earth nnto the Lord.*
+
+53 And the servant brought forth vessels
+of silver, and vessels of gold, and garments,
+and gave them to Rebekah; and precious
+things he gave to her brother and to her
+mother.
+
+54 And they did eat and drink, he and the
+men that were with him, and tarried the
+night; and they rose up in the morning, and
+he said, Send me away unto my master.
+
+55 And her brother and her mother said.
+Let the maiden abide with us, a year or ten I
+months; after that she shall go.
+
+56 And he said unto them, Hinder me not,
+seeing the Lord hath prospered my way ; send
+me away that I may go to my master.
+
+57 And they said. We will call the maiden,
+and inquire her own decision.''
+
+58 And they called Rebekah, and said
+unto her. Wilt tliou go with this man ? And
+she said, I will go.
+
+59 And thereupon they sent away Rebekah
+their sister, and her nurse, and Abraham's
+servant, and his men.
+
+60 And they blessed Rebekah, and said
+unto her. Our sister, be thou" the mother of
+thousands of myriads, and let thy seed pos-
+sess the gate of those who hate them.
+
+61 And Rebekah arose with her maidens,
+and they rode upon the camels, and followed
+the man ; and the servant took Rebekah, and
+went his way.
+
+62 And Isaac came from a walk to the
+well Lachai-ro'i ; for he dwelt in the south
+counti'v;
+
+6o And Isaac was gone out to meditate in
+the field toward evening; and he lifted up
+his eyes, and saw, and, behold, camels were
+coming.
+
+64 And Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and
+she saw Isaac ; and she alighted off the camel.
+
+65 And she said unto the servant. Who is
+
+
+' That is, "dissuade thee by good or bad words."
+' Literally, "her mouth," figurative for what is spoken.
+' b TT7} the eonstruction here employed always denotes
+a trausitiou or change, almost synonymous with the Eng-
+
+
+yonder man that walketh in the field toward
+us? And the servant said. This is my mas-
+ter; therefore she took a vail, and covered
+herself.
+
+66 And the servant told Isaac all the
+things that he had done.
+
+67 And Isaac brought her into the tent of
+Sarah his mother, and took Rebekah, and she
+became his wife, and he loved her; and Isaac
+was comforted after his mother's death.*
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 Then Abraham took again a wife, and
+her name was Keturah.
+
+2 And she bore him Zimran, and Yokshan,
+and Medan, and Midian, and Yishbak, and
+Shuach.
+
+3 And Yokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan.
+And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and
+Letushim, and Leiimmim.
+
+4 And the sons of Midian : Ephah, and
+Epher, and Chanoch, and Abida', and El-
+daah. All these were the children of Ke-
+turah.
+
+5 And Abraham gave all that he had unto
+Isaac.
+
+6 But unto the sons of the concubines that
+Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts; and he
+sent them away from Isaac his son, while
+he was yet living, eastward, unto the east
+country.
+
+7 And these are the days of the j'ears of
+Abraham's life which he lived, one hundred
+seventy and five years.
+
+8 Then Abraham departed this life, and
+died in a good old age, an old man, and full
+of years, and was gathered to his people.
+
+9 And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried
+him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of
+Ephron the son of Zochar the Hittite, which
+is before Mamre;
+
+10 The field which Abraham purchased of
+the sons of Heth : there was Abraham buried,
+with Sarah his wife.
+
+11 And it came to pass after the death of
+Abraham, that God blessed Isaac his son;
+and Isaac dwelt by the well Lachai-ro'i.*
+
+12 T[ Now these are the generations of
+Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom Hagar the
+
+lish "to become;" thus then, "become thou thousands
+of myriads," the words "mother of" being understood
+and added to supply the hiatus in the sentence.
+
+2a
+
+
+GENESIS XXV. TOLEDOTH.
+
+
+Egyptian, Sarah's handmaid, bore unto Abra-
+ham.
+
+13 And these are the names of the sons of
+Ishmael, by their names, according to their
+generations : the first-born of Ishmael, Ne-
+bayoth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mib-
+sam,
+
+14 And Mishma, and Damah, and Massa,
+
+15 Cliadad, and Tenia, Yetur, Naphish,
+and Kedemah.*
+
+16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and
+these are their names, by their towns, and by
+their castles; twelves princes according to
+their nations.
+
+17 And these are the years of the life of
+Ishmael, one hundred and thirty and seven
+years : and he departed this life and died ;
+and was gathered unto his people.
+
+18 And they dwelt from Chavilah unto
+Shur, that is before Egypt, as thou goest to-
+ward Assyria :" he dwelt in the presence of
+all his brethren.
+
+Haphtorah in 1 Kings i. 1 to 31.
+
+
+SECTION VI. TOLEDOTH, mSin.
+
+19 ][ And these are the generations of Isaac,
+the son of Abraham : Abraham begat Isaac.
+
+20 And Isaac was forty years old when he
+took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the
+Syrian, of Padan-aram, the sister to Laban
+the Syrian, to himself as wife.
+
+21 And Isaac entreated the Lord in behalf
+of his wife, because she was barren : and the
+Lord was entreated of him, and Rebekah his
+wife conceived.
+
+22 And the children struggled together
+within her ; and she said, If it be so, why did
+I desire this ?*" And she went to inquire of
+the Lord.
+
+
+* Meaning, that Ishmael in his descendants settled him-
+self along the whole extent of country occupied by all his
+other brethren descended from Abraham. (See above,
+ch. xvi. 12.) Arnheim gives, "he settled eastward of
+all his brothers," which idea, however, is combatted as in-
+correct by others, because Ishmaol's descendants lived not
+eastward of all other sons of Abraham.
+
+^ Raslii, "Why did I desire and pray for conception?"
+Abcn Ezra, "Why am I different from others?" Others
+again explain it as an ellipsis: "If I suffer so, why am I
+thus (in the world) ?" meaning that death would be pre-
+ferable.
+
+° Philippson and Arnheim render DN^ with " tribe,"
+80
+
+
+23 And the Lord said unto her. Two na-
+tions are in thy womb, and two manner of
+people" shall be separated from thy bowels;
+and one people shall be stronger than the
+other people ; and the elder shall serve the
+younger
+
+24 And when her days to be delivered
+were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her
+womb.
+
+25 And the first came out red, all over like
+a hairy garment ; and they called his name
+Esau."
+
+26 And after that came his brother out,
+his hand holding on to Esau's heel; and his
+name was called Jacob :" and Isaac was sixty
+years old when she bore them.
+
+27 And the boys grew up : and Esau was
+an expert huntei", a man of the field; and
+Jacob was a plain man, dwelling in tents.^
+
+28 And Isaac loved Esau, because he
+did eat of his venison ; but Rebekah loved
+Jacob.
+
+29 And Jacob at one time boiled pottage,
+and Esau came from the field, and he was
+faint.
+
+30 And Esau said to Jacob, Let me swal-
+low down, I pray thee, some of that yonder
+red pottage, for I am faint; therefore was his
+name called Edom.^
+
+31 And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy
+right of first-born.
+
+32 And Esau said. Behold, I am going to
+die ;'' and what profit then can the right of
+first born be to me ?
+
+33 And Jacob said, Swear to me this day;
+and he swore unto him : and he sold his right
+of first-born unto Jacob.
+
+34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pot-
+tage of lentiles, and he did eat and drink, and
+he rose up, and went his way; thus Esau de-
+spised the birthright.
+
+
+or "branch of a nation:" the same version is given by
+them in other passages.
+
+^ Properly, ' Emhv ; probably from nty;', participle 'IB';'
+'aJixiij/, "ready," "made." Philippson derives it from an
+Arabic word, .signifying "hairy."
+
+" Properly, "Ya'arob, from 'Akeb, 3p;?, "the heel."
+
+' That is, "loving home."
+
+s From Adorn, "red."
+
+'■ Probably meaning, that his life as hunter exposed
+him daily to such dangers that he was almost sure to die
+before his father, wherefore the birthright as the eldest of
+the family would in all probability be of no use to him ;
+wherefore he parted with it so lightly.
+
+
+GENESIS XXVI. TOLEDOTH.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 ^[ And there was a famine in the land, be-
+.■;ide the iirst famine that was in the days of
+Abraham ; and Isaac went unto Abimelech,
+the king of the PhiHstines, unto Gerar.
+
+2 And the Lord appeared unto hitn, and
+said, Go not down into Egypt; dwell in the
+land which I shall tell thee of
+
+3 Sojourn in this land, and I will be with
+thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and
+unto thy seed, will I give all the.se countries,
+and I will perform the oath which I swore
+unto Abraham thy fether;
+
+4 And I will cause thy seed to multiply as
+the stars of heaven, and I Avill give unto thy
+seed all these countries ; and in thy seed shall
+all the nations of the earth bless themselves ;
+
+5 Becau.se that Abraham obe3'ed my voice,
+and kept my charge,'' my commandments, my
+statutes, and my laAvs.*
+
+6 And Isaac dwelt in Gerar.
+
+7 And the men of the place asked (him)
+concerning his wife ; and he said, She is my
+sister ; for he feared to say. She is my wife ;
+lest, (said he,) the men of the place should
+kill me for Rebekah, because she is of a hand-
+some appearance.
+
+8 And it came to pass, when he had been
+there a long time, that Abimelech, the king
+of the Philistines, looked out at a window,
+and saw, and behold, Isaac was sjwrting with
+Rebekah his wife.
+
+9 And Abimelech called Isaac, and said,
+Behold, of a surety she is thy wife : and how
+saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said
+unto him. Because I thought,'' Perhaps I may
+die for her.
+
+10 And Abimelech said. What is this thou
+hast done unto us ? How easily might one
+of the people have lain with thy wife, and
+thou wouldst have brought guiltiness upon us.
+
+11 And Abimelech cliarged all his people,
+saying. He that toucheth this man or his
+wife shall surely be put to death.
+
+12 Then Isaac sowed in that land, and re-
+
+
+* " My chatye, the belief in God, for he believed in the
+Unity, and kept this faith in his heart, contending with
+idolaters, and publicly proclaiming the truth, to bring
+many to God's service; my curamanihnciits, in whatever
+he was ordered, as to go out from his land, &c. ; my sta-
+tutes, to walk in the way of the Lord in the exercise of
+mercy; and laws, such as circumcision and the Noachitic
+irecepts." — After Ramban.
+
+
+ceived in the same year a hundred-fold :'" so
+the Lord blessed him.*
+
+13 And the man became great, and went
+forward and grew, until he became very
+great ;
+
+14 And he had possession of flocks, and
+possession of herds, and great store of ser-
+vants; and the Philistines envied him.
+
+15 And all the wells which his father's
+servants had dug in the da3's of Abraham
+his father, these the Philistines stopped, and
+filled them with earth.
+
+16 And Abimelech said unto Isaac, Go
+away from us ; for thou hast become much
+mightier than we.
+
+17 And Isaac departed thence, and pitched
+his tent in the valley of Gerar, and dwelt
+there.
+
+18 And Isaac dug again the wells of
+water, which they had dug in the days of
+Abraham his father, and wliich the Philistines
+had stopped after the death of Abraham ; and
+he called their names after the names by
+which his father had called them.
+
+19 And the servants of Isaac dug in the
+valley, and found there a well of springing
+water.
+
+20 And the herdmen of Gerar did strive
+with Isaac's herdmen, saying. The water is
+ours : and he called the name of the well
+Essek; because they strove** with him.
+
+21 And they dug another well, and they
+strove for that also : and he called the name
+of it Sitnah."
+
+22 And he removed from there, and dug
+another well ; and for that they strove not :
+and he called the name of it Rechoboth, and
+he said. For now the Lord hath made^ room
+for us, and we shall increase in the land.*
+
+23 And he went up from there to Beer-
+sheba.
+
+24 And the Lord appeared unto him the
+same night, and said, I am the God of Abra-
+ham thy father ; fear not, for I am with thee,
+and I will bless thee, and multiply' thy seed
+for the sake of Abraham my servant.
+
+" inx " to say," in Hebrew, very often refers to
+thought, or speaking to oneself; so here, " I said to myself, '
+or " thought."
+
+" " The estimated increase a hundred-fold." — Kasiu.
+
+* From ptyi'nn hith 'assck, " to contend."
+
+' From ]a^ salonr, "to hinder."
+
+' Hirchih, " he hath made room."
+
+31
+
+
+GENESIS XXVI. XXVII. TOLEDOTH.
+
+
+25 And he built there an altar, and called
+upon the name of the Lord, and pitched there
+his tent : and the servants of Isaac dug there
+a well.
+
+26 Then Abimelech went to him from Ge-
+rar, and Achuzzath his friend, and Phichol the
+chief captain of liis army.
+
+27 And Isaac said unto them. Wherefore
+come ye to me, seeing that ye do hate me,
+and have sent me away from you?
+
+28 And they said, We saw clearly that
+the Lord was with thee; and we said, Let
+there be now an oath between us, between us
+and thee ; and we will make a covenant witli
+thee ;
+
+29 That thou shalt do us no hurt, as we
+have not touched thee, and as we have done
+unto thee nothing but good, and have sent
+thee away in pe;ice : thou art now one blessed
+of the Lord.*
+
+30 And he made them a feast, and they
+ate and drank.
+
+31 And they rose up betimes in the morn-
+ing, and they swore one to the other; and
+Isaac sent them away, and they departed from
+him in peace.
+
+32 And it came to pass the same day, that
+Isaac's servants came, and told him concern-
+ing the well" which they had dug, and they
+said unto him, We have found water.
+
+33 And he called it Shibah : therefore is
+the name of the city Beer-sheba unto this day.
+
+34 ][ And when Esau was forty years old
+he. took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri,
+the Hittite, and Bahsemath the daughter of
+Elon the Hittite.
+
+35 And they were a giief of mind unto
+Isaac and to Eebekah.
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to i)ass, wdien Isaac was
+old, and his eyes were too dim to see, that he
+called Esau his eldest son, and said unto him.
+My son : and he said unto him, Behold, here
+am I.
+
+2 And he said. Behold now, T am grown
+old, I know not the day of my death :
+
+* Perhaps the same well originally dug by Abraham's,
+and which having been lest sight of, and filled up, was
+now reopened by Isaac's servants.
+
+^ Onkelds and llaslii render this ySn with " sword,"
+that " wiiieh hangs by the side."
+
+" "Tt was liis desin? to ble.ss him, that he might obtain
+the blessing of Abraham, to inherit the land, and to be
+32
+
+
+3 Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy
+weapons, thy quiver'' and thy bow, and go out
+to the field, and hunt for me some venison ;
+
+4 And make me savoury food, such as I
+love, and bring it to me, that I may eat ; that
+my soul may bless thee before I die."
+
+5 And Eebekah heard as Isaac was speak-
+ing to Esau his son. And Esau went to the
+field to hunt for venison, and to bring it.
+
+6 And Eebekah spoke unto Jacob her son,
+sajdng. Behold, I heard thy father speak unto
+Esau thy brother, saying,
+
+7 Bring me venison, and make me savoury
+food, that I may eat, and bless thee befoi'e the
+Lord before my death.
+
+8 And now, my son, obey my voice in that
+which I command thee.
+
+9 Go, I pray thee, to the flock, and fetch
+me from there two good kids; and I will
+make them savoury food for thy father, such
+as he loveth :
+
+10 And thou shalt bring it to thy father,
+that he may eat; for the sake that he may
+bless thee before his death.
+
+11 And Jacob said to Eebekah his mother.
+Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and
+I am a smooth man :
+
+12 Peradventure my father will feel me,
+and I shall then seem to him as a deceiver ;
+and I would bring upon me a curse, and not a
+blessing.
+
+13 And his mother said unto him. Upon
+me be thy curse, my son; only obey my
+voice, and go fetch them to me.
+
+14 And he w'ent, and fetched, and brought
+them to his mother ; and his mother made
+savoury food, such as his father loved.
+
+15 And Eebekah took the goodl}^ garments
+of her eldest son Esau, which w^ere with her
+in the house, and clothed therewith Jacob
+her younger son ;
+
+16 And the skins of the kids she put upon
+his hands, and upon the smooth j^art of his
+neck ;
+
+17 And she gave the savoury food and
+the bread, which she had prepared, into the
+hand of Jacob her son.
+
+the one in covenant with God, because he was the first-
+born; and it is probable that Rebekah had never revealed
+to him the prophecy given to her before the birth of the
+children, or else Isaac would certainly not have wished to
+give a blessing against the will of God, whieh could thus
+be of no avail. We must, however, look upon the whole
+as providential." — Ka.mb.vn.
+
+
+THii low liK OK H^UE:U A?<D THIi COX Ko I : X LH X ( ;
+OK LA.MOUA.GE.
+
+
+I
+
+
+V.
+
+
+GENESIS XXVTI. TOLEDOTH.
+
+
+18 And he came unto his father, and i^aid.
+My father : and he said, Here am I ; who art
+thou, my son?
+
+19 And Jacob said unto his father, I am
+Esau thy first-born ; I have done as thou
+didst speak to me : arise, I pray thee, sit
+here and eat of my venison, that tiiy soul
+may bless me.
+
+20 And Isaac said unto his son. How is it
+that thou hast found it so quickly, my son ?
+And he said. Because the Lord thy God
+brought it before me.
+
+21 And Isaac said unto Jacob, Come near,
+I pray thee, that I may feel thee, my son,
+whether thou be truly my son Esau or not.
+
+22 And Jacob went near unto Isaac his
+father, and he felt him ; and he said. The
+voice is the voice" of Jacob, but the hands
+are the hands of Esau.
+
+23 And he recognised hiui not, because
+his hands were hairy, as his brother Esau's
+haads : so he blessed him.
+
+24 And he said, Art thou indeed my son
+Esau ? and he said, I am.
+
+25 And he said. Bring it near to me, and I
+will eat of my son's venison, that my soul
+may bless thee. And he brought it near to
+him, and he did eat, and he brought him
+wine, and he drank.
+
+26 And Isaac his father said unto him.
+Come near, I pray thee, and kiss me, my son.
+
+27 And he came near, and kissed him :
+and he snielled the smell of his garments and
+blessed him, and said,'' See, the smell of my
+son is as the smell of a field which the Lord
+hath 1 blessed. '^'
+
+28 And may God give thee of the dcAV of
+heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and
+plenty of corn and wine ;
+
+29 Nations shall serve thee, and people
+bow down to thee ; be lord over thy brethren,
+and thy mother's sons shall boAv down to
+thee; cursed" be they that curse thee, and
+blessed be they that bless thee.
+
+30 And it came to pass, as soon as Isaac
+
+" There was pi'obably a similarity in their voices, and
+Isaac faik'd, therefore, to recognise Jacob fully, because
+his hands were then hairy.
+
+'' According to Arnheim, the blessing commences at
+this word; compare with Ilosea xiv. 7, where, among'the
+promises of a blissful future, the personificatiou of happi-
+ness is represented under the words, " And his smell shall
+be like that of Lebanon." The words which follow were
+prompted here by the excitement of the sense of smelling,
+
+
+had made an end of blessing Jacob, and Jacob
+was yet scarcel^y gone out from the presence
+of Isaac his father, that Esau his brother
+came in from his hunting.
+
+31 And he also made savoury ibod, and
+brought it unto his father, and said unto his
+father. Let my father arise, and eat of his
+son's venison, in order that thy soul may
+bless me.
+
+32 And Isaac his liither said unto him.
+Who art thou ? And he said, I am thy son,
+thy first-born, Esau.
+
+33 And Isaac treml)led greatly, exceed-
+ingly, and said. Who was it ? where is he that
+had hunted venison, and brought it me, and
+I ate of all before thou earnest, and blessed
+him ? yea, he shall also remain blessed.
+
+34 When Esau heard the words of his
+fother, he uttered a great and exceedingly
+bitter cry, and said unto his father. Bless me,
+also me, my father.
+
+35 And he said. Thy brother ctime with
+subtilty, and took away thy blessing.
+
+36 And he said. Hath he been therefore
+named Jacob, because'' he hath supplanted
+me these two times? my right of first-bom
+he took away ; and, behold, now he hath
+taken away ni}' blessing : and he said, Hast
+thou not reserved a blessing for me ?
+
+37 And Isaac answered and said unto
+Esau, Behold, I have made him thy lord, and
+all his brethren have I given to him for ser-
+vants; and with corn and wine have I eu-
+do^\ed him : and what can I do now for thee,
+my son ?
+
+38 And Esau said unto his father, Hast
+thou then but one blessing, my father? bless
+me, also me, my father. And Esau lifted up
+his voice, and wept.
+
+39 And Isaac his father answered and
+said unto him. Behold, thy dwelling shall be
+the fatness of the earth, and (blessed) by the
+dew of heaven from alcove ;
+
+40 And by thy sword shalt thou live, and
+thy brother shalt thou serve; and it shall
+
+as Jacob's garments gave forth the odour imbibed from
+field and forest flowers.
+
+"Properly, "cursed be every one of those," &c.,
+" blessed be every one of those," &c.
+
+•^ Others render, " Is it because he hath been named
+Jacob, that he hath," Sec. — •jnpi-l vin/anfilrhani, "he
+hath deceived me," is derived from the same root as the
+name, (see above, xxv. 26,) hence it might be rendered
+
+" trodden me under foot."
+
+33
+
+
+GENESIS XXVII. XXVIII. VAYETZAY.
+
+
+come to pass, that when thou shalt have the
+dominion," thou canst break his yoke from off
+thy neck.
+
+41 And Esau liated Jacob because of the
+blessing wherewith his father luxd blessed
+him ; and Esau said in his heart. The days
+of mourning for my fatlier will he at hand ;
+then will I slay my brother Jacob.
+
+42 And Rebekah was informed of the
+words of Esau her elder son: and she sent
+and called Jacob her younger son, and said
+unto him, Behold, thy brother Esau doth com-
+fort himself, with regard to thee, purjjosing to
+kill thee.
+
+43 Now therefoi'e, my son, obey my voice;
+and arise, flee thou to Laban my brother, to
+Chai'an ;
+
+44 And tarry with him a short time, until
+thy brother's fury turn away ; •
+
+45 Until thy Ijrother's anger turn away
+from thee, and he forget that which thou
+hast done to him : then will I send, and fetch
+thee from tliei-e; why should I be deprived
+of both of you at once in one day ?
+
+46 And Rebekah said to Isaac, I am weary
+of my life because of the daughters of Heth ;
+if Jacob take a wife from the dauiihters of
+Heth, such as these, from the daughters of
+the land, what good will life do me ?
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed
+him,"" and charged him, and said unto him,
+Thou shalt not take a wife from the daugh-
+ters of Canaan.
+
+2 Arise, go to Padan-aram, to the house of
+Betliuel thy mother's father; and take thy-
+self from there a wife of the daughters of La^
+ban thy mother's brother.
+
+3 And God, the Almighty, ]jless thee, and
+make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that
+thou mayest jjecome a multitude of people ;
+
+4 And may he give thee the blessing of
+Abraliam, to thee, and to thy seed with thee ;
+that thou mayest inherit the land of thy so-
+journ, which (iod gave unto Al)raham.*
+
+•") And Isaac sent away Jacolj, and he went
+to Padan-aram, unto Laban, the son of Bethuel
+
+" This translation, given in the common English version,
+is according to Saadiaii and Kedak, as quoted by Phi-
+lippson. Kashi, after Onkolos, renders, "when thou hast
+cause to complain (in case the Israelites sin) for the
+blessings taken from thee, that," &e. Gesenius and Arn-
+34
+
+
+the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, the
+mother of Jacob and Esau.
+
+6 And when Esau saw that Isaac had
+blessed Jacob, and sent him away to Padan-
+aram, to take himself from there a wife; and
+in blessing him had given him a charge, say-
+ing. Thou shalt not take a wife of the daugh-
+ters of Canaan ;*
+
+7 And that Jacob had obej-ed his iiither
+and his mother, and was gone to Padan-aram :
+
+8 Then saw Esau that the daughters of
+Canaan were evil in the eyes of Isaac his
+father ;
+
+9 And Esau went unto Ishmael, and took
+Machalath the daughter of Ishmael, Abrar
+ham's son, the sister of Neba^'^oth in addition
+to his wives, to himself as wife.
+
+Haphtorah in Malachi i. 1 to ii. 7.
+
+
+SECTION VII. VAYETZAY, XVn.
+
+10 And Jacob went out from Beer-sheba,
+and went toward Cliaran.
+
+11 And he lighted upon a certain place,
+and tarried there all night, because the sim
+was set ; and he took one of the stones of the
+place, and put it for his pillow, and laid him-
+self down in that place.
+
+12 And he dreamed, and behold a ladder
+was set up on the earth, and the to]) of it
+reached to heaven ; and behold, angels of God
+were ascending and descending on it.
+
+13 And, behold, the Lord stood above it,
+and said, I am the Lord, the God of Abraham
+thy father, and the God of Isaac : the land
+whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and
+to thy seed;
+
+14 And thy seed shall be as the dust of the
+earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the
+west, and to the east, and to the north and to
+the south ; and in thee and thy seed shall all
+the ftiinilies of the earth be blessed.
+
+15 And, behold, I am with thee, and will
+keep thee whithersoever thou goest, and will
+bring thee again into this land ; for I will not
+leave thee, until I have done what I have
+spoken to thee of
+
+16 And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and
+
+heim, " when thou becomcst spread abroad." Philippson,
+"when thou rebcllest that thou mayest break," kc.
+
+^ Confirmation of the blessing previously obtained : this
+proves that however much Isaac loved Esau, he was not
+unconscious of the great merits and piety of his younger
+son.
+
+
+GENESIS XXVIII. XXIX. VAYETZAY.
+
+
+he said, Surely the Lord is present in this
+place ; and I knew it not.*
+
+17 And he was afraid, and said. How fear-
+ful is this place! this is none other but the
+house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.''
+
+18 And Jacolj rose up early in the morn-
+ing, and took the stone that he had put for
+his pillow, and set it up for a pillar, and poured
+oil upon the top of it.
+
+19 And he called the name of that place
+Beth-el;'' but Luz was the name of that city
+in former times.
+
+20 And Jacob made a vow, sayuig. If God
+will be with me, and will keep me on this
+way which I am going, and will give me
+bread to eat, and raiment to put on,
+
+21 And I come again in peace to my
+father's house: then shall the Lord be m}'
+God;"
+
+22 And this stone, which I have set for a
+pillar, shall be God's house ;° and of all that
+thou wilt give me I will surely give the tenth
+unto thee.*
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 Then Jacob lifted up his feet*^ and went
+unto the land of the children of the east.
+
+2 And he looked, and behold there was a
+well in the field, and, lo, there were three
+flocks of sheep^ lying by it; for out of that
+well they watered the flocks : and the stone
+upon the mouth of the well was great.
+
+3 And there all the flocks were wont to as-
+semble; and they rolled then the stone from
+the mouth of the well, and watered the sheep ;
+and they put the stone again upon the mouth
+of the well in its place.
+
+4 And Jacob said unto them. My brethren,
+whence are ye? And they said. Of Charan
+are we.
+
+5 And he said unto them. Know yo Laban
+the son of Nachor ? And they said. We know
+him.
+
+6 And he said unto them, Is he well?*"
+
+
+* "If I had known it, I would not have slept in a place
+as holy as this." — Ra^;hi.
+
+'■ "The place whence prayers ascend to heaven. "= —
+Idem.
+
+' "The house of God."
+
+^ This does not express a doubt or condition concerning
+Jacob's willingness to serve God, but means to convey
+that he would, in the event of his safe return, feel as-
+sured that he was an accepted servant of the Lord who
+had just appeared to him.
+
+
+And they said. He is well; and, behold, Ra^
+chel his daughter cometh with the sheep.
+
+7 And he said, Lo, the day is _yet long, it
+is not time that' the cattle should be driven
+home ; water ye the sheep, and go and feed
+them.
+
+8 And they said, We cannot, until all the
+flocks be gathered together, then do they roll
+the stone from the mouth of the well; and
+we water the sheep.
+
+9 And while he was yet speaking with
+them, Rachel came Avith her father's sheep;
+for she was a shepherdess.
+
+10 And it came to pass, when Jacob saw
+Rachel the dtiughter of Laljan his mother's
+brother, and the sheep of Laban his mother's
+brother, that Jacob went near, and rolled
+the stone from the mouth of the well, and
+watered the flock of Laban his mother's
+brother.
+
+11 And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up
+his voice, and wept.
+
+12 And Jacob told Rachel that he was her
+father's brother,' and that he was Rebekah's
+son : and she ran and told her father.
+
+13 And it came to pass, when Laban heard
+the tidmgs of Jacob his sister's sou, that he
+ran to meet him, and emljraced him, and
+kissed him, and brought him to his house.
+And he told Laban all these things.
+
+14 And Laljan said to him. Surely thou
+art my bone and my flesh. And he abode
+with him the space of a month.
+
+15 And Lallan then said unto Jacob, Be-
+cause thou art nij' brother, shouldst thou
+therefore serve me for naught? tell me, what
+shall thy wages be?
+
+16 And Laban had two daughters; the
+name of the elder was Leah, and the name of
+the younger was Rachel.
+
+1 7 And the eyes of Leah were tender ; but
+Rachel was of handsome form and handsome
+appearance.'''
+
+18 And Jacob loved Rachel; and he said,
+
+
+° "Shall be the place where I will worship before the
+Lord." — Onkelos.
+
+' i. e. Pursued his journey.
+
+« The word |Ni' lr.o»p, rendered here "sheep," properly
+includes both sheep and goats.
+
+'' Literally, '-Hath he peace?" a figurative phrase for
+well-being or prosperity ; perhaps, derived from the fre-
+quent hostilities of nomadic tribes.
+
+' See above, xiii. 8; it stands here for "near relative."
+
+35
+
+
+GENESIS XXIX. XXX. VAYETZAY
+
+
+I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy
+younger daughter.
+
+19 And Laban said, It is better that I give
+her to thee, than that I should give her to
+another man : abide with me.
+
+20 And Jacob served for Rachel seven
+years; and they seemed" unto him but a few
+days, through the love he had to her.
+
+21 And Jacob said unto Laljan, Give me
+my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may
+go in unto her.
+
+22 And Laban gathered together all the
+men of the place, and made a feast.
+
+23 And it came to pass in the evening,
+that he took Leah his daughter, and brought
+her to him; and he went in unto her.
+
+24 And Laban gave unto his daughter,
+Leah, Zilpah his maid for a handmaid.
+
+25 And it came to jjass, that in the morn-
+ing, behold, it was Leah : and he said to La^
+ban. What is this thou hast done unto me?
+did I not serve with thee for Rachel? where-
+fore then hast thou deceived me ?
+
+26 And Laban said, It is not done so in
+our place, to give in marriage the younger be-
+fore the tirst-born.
+
+27 Fulfil the week'' of this, and we will
+give thee this one also, for the ser^'ice which
+thou shalt serve with me yet seven other
+years.
+
+28 And Jacob did so, and fulfilled the
+week of the first; and he gave him Rachel
+his daughter for a wife.
+
+29 And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter
+Bilhah his liandmaid to be her maid.
+
+o(J And lie went in also unto Rachel, and
+hfi loved also Rachel more than Leah; and
+he served with him j'et seven other years.
+
+31 And when the Lord saw that Leah was
+hated," lie opened her womb ; but Rachel was
+barren.
+
+32 And Leiih conceived, and bore a son,
+and she called his name Reuben ;'' for she
+said, Surely, the Lord hath looked upon my
+
+' Ilcb. " Were in liis eyes a.s."
+
+'' The seven days of festivity, wliicli appear to have been
+customarily observed at that time, as afterwards, in later
+periods, at the occurrcnee of a marriage.
+
+" This means, not absolutely liateil, but neglected, less
+loved than the other.
+
+'' From raoh, " to sec," and ben, " a son."
+
+° S/iim'oti, from ^'OtV s/unnanf/, "he has heard,
+an, "affliction."
+
+' From ni'? lavah, " he united," " he adhered."
+
+26
+
+
+nd ;x
+
+
+affliction, because now my husband will love
+me.
+
+33 And she conceived again and bore a
+son; and she said, Because the Lord heard
+that I was hated, he hath given me this one
+also ; and she called his name Simeon."
+
+34 And she conceived again, and bore a
+son; and she said. Now this time will my
+husband be joined unto me, because I have
+born him three sons; therefore was his name
+called Levi.*^
+
+35 And she conceived again, and bore a
+son ; and she said, This time will I praise the
+Lord; therefore she called his name Judah:^
+and she left oft" bearing.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 And when Rachel saw that she bore
+Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister;
+and she said unto Jacob, Give me children,
+and if not, I die.
+
+2 And Jacob's anger was kindled against
+Rachel: and he said. Am I in God's stead,
+who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the
+womb ?
+
+3 And she said, Behold, (here is) my maid
+Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear
+upon'' my knees, that I may also have' chil-
+dren by her.
+
+4 And she gave him Bilhah her handmaid
+for wife, and Jacob went in unto her.
+
+5 And Bilhah conceived, and bore Jacob a
+son.
+
+6 And Rachel said, God hath judged me,
+and liath also heard my voice, and hath given
+me a son: therefore called she his name Dan."
+
+7 And Bilhah, Rachel's maid, conceived
+again, and bore Jacob a second son.
+
+8 And Rachel said. Contests of God' have
+I contended with my sister, I have also pre-
+vailed : and she called his name Naphtali."'
+
+9 When Leah now saw that she had left
+off bearing, she took Zilpah her maid, and
+gave her to Jacob for wife.
+
+
+^ Yi'ltudah, from miN (Jihli, " I will thank," and TV
+IWt, "the Lord."
+
+'' "Those which I shall rear." — Onkelos.
+'' "Be built up through her."— Heb.
+
+' From don, " to judge."
+
+' It is very customary in Hebrew constructions to add
+the word God in the genitive, to the idea expressed, to
+denote its greatness. Thus, " mountains of God."—
+Ps. xxxvi. 7, &c.
+
+"From ptithnl. " to wrestle," "to twist;" found only
+in the passive aud reflexive forms.
+
+
+GENESIS XXX. VAYETZAY.
+
+
+10 And Zilpah Leah's maid hove Jacob a
+son.
+
+11 And Leiih said, Good luck hath come :
+and she called his name Gad."
+
+12 And Zilpah Leah's maid bore a second
+son unto Jacob.
+
+13 And Leali said, To my happiness; for
+the daughters will call me blessed : and she
+called his name Asher.'"^'
+
+14 And Reuben went in the days of the
+wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the
+field, and he bi'ought them unto Leiih his
+mother; then Rachel said to Leah, Give
+me, 1 pray thee, (some) of thy son's man-
+drakes.
+
+15 And she said unto her, Is it not enough
+that thou hast taken my husband? and
+wouldst thou also take away my son's man-
+drakes? And Rachel said. Therefore shall
+he lie with thee to-night for thy son's man-
+drakes.
+
+16 And Jacob came out of the field in the
+evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and
+said. Unto me thou must come in ; for sui'ely
+I have obtained thee as a reward" with my
+son's mandrakes. And he lay with her that
+night.
+
+17 And God hearkened unto Leah, and
+she conceived, and bore Jacob a fifth son.
+
+18 And Leah said, God hath given me my
+reward, because I have given my maid to my
+husband : and she called his name Issachar.''
+
+19 And Leah conceived again, and bore
+a sixth son unto Jacob.
+
+20 And Leiih said, God hath endued me
+with a good dowry; now will my husband
+dwell with me, because I have born him six
+sons; and she called his name Zebulun."
+
+21 And afterward she bore a daughter,
+and she called her name Dinah.
+
+22 And God remembered Rachel, and God
+hearkened to her, and opened her womb.
+
+23 And she conceived, and bore a son;
+and she said, God hath taken away my re-
+proach.
+
+• " Luck."
+
+'"Happy."
+
+° This elegant turn is according to Aruheim's version.
+
+'' Yissachar, from sachar, "reward."
+
+' From zebul, a "dwelling."
+
+' Yosseph, i. e. "he will add."
+
+* Onkelos; as much as, "excuse me, for saying;" the
+word "tarry," added in the English version, has no war-
+
+
+24 And she called his name Josoph,*^ sav-
+ing, The Lord shall add to me another son.
+
+25 And it came to pass, when Rachel had
+born Joseph, that Jacob said unto Laban,
+Send me away, that I may go unto my own
+place, and to my country.
+
+26 Give me my wives and my children, for
+whom I have served thee, and let me go; for
+thou knowest my service with which I have
+served thee.
+
+27 And Laban said unto him. If I could
+but find favour in thy eyes f I have learned by
+experience that the Lord hath blessed me for
+thy sake.*
+
+28 And he said, Appoint me thy wages,
+and I will give them.
+
+29 And he said unto him. Thou knowest
+how I have served thee, and what thy cattle
+hath become with me.
+
+30 For it was a. little which thou hadst be-
+fore I came, and it is now increased imto a
+multitude; and the Lord hath blessed thee
+since my coming; and now when shall I pro-
+vide also for my own house ?
+
+31 And he said, What shall I give thee?
+And Jacob said, Thou shalt not give me the
+least; if thou wilt do this thing for me, I will
+again feed and keep thy flock :
+
+32 I will pass through all thy flock to-day,
+removing from there every speckled and spot-
+ted lamb, and every brown lamb among the
+sheep, and whatever is spotted and speckled
+among the goats ; and such shall be after this
+my reward.
+
+33 And my righteousness'' shall testify for
+me m time to come, when it' shall come with
+my reward before thy face : every one that is
+not speckled and spotted among the goats,
+and Ijrown among the sheep, that shall be
+counted stolen with me.
+
+34 And Laban said, Well, let it be accord-
+ing to thy word.
+
+35 And he removed on that day the he-
+goats that were ring-streaked and spotted, and
+all the she-goats that were speckled and spot^-
+
+
+rant for it in the Hebrew, though Dubno deduces it as a
+consequence from the antecedent, considering the verse as
+elliptical.
+
+^ " Honesty" — Mendelssohn — in which sense this
+word should be taken when applied to dealings with man.
+
+' After Rashi and Arnheim ; others render xnn
+" when thou (Laban) comest (to look) over my reward
+(the property acquired) before thee."
+
+
+GENESIS XXX. XXXI. VAYETZAY.
+
+
+ted, every one that had some white on it, and
+all the brown among the sheep, and gave
+them into the hand of his sons.
+
+36 And he put a space of three days' jom-
+ney between himself and Jacob; and Jacob
+fed the flocks of Laban that were left.
+
+37 And Jacob took himself rods of green
+poplar, and of the hazel" and chestnut tree;
+and peeled thereon white streaks, laying bare
+the white which was on the rods.
+
+38 And he set the rods which he had peeled
+in the gutters in the watering troughs, where
+the flocks'' came to drink, just before the
+flocks, and ^vhere they conceived, when they
+came to drink.
+
+39 And the flocks conceived before the
+rods, and brought fortli ring-streaked, speckled,
+and spotted.
+
+40 And these lambs did Jacob separate,
+and set the faces" of the flocks toward the
+ring-streaked, and whatever was brown in the
+flock of Laban ; and he put his o^vn flocks by
+themselves, and put them not with Laban's
+cattle.
+
+41 And it came to pass, whensoever the
+stronger cattle did conceive, that Jacob laid
+the rods before the eyes of the cattle in the
+gutters, that they might conceive among the
+rods.
+
+42 But when the cattle were feeble, he put
+them not in ; so the feebler belonged to Laban,
+and the stronger to Jacob.
+
+43 And the man increased'' exceedingly,
+and he had many flocks, and maid-servants,
+and men-servants, and camels, and asses.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 And he heard the words of Laban's sons,
+saying, Jacob hath taken away all that was
+our father's, and of that which was our father's
+hath he gotten all this wealth."
+
+2 And Jacob beheld the countenance of
+Laban, and, behold, it was not toward him as
+before. "^
+
+' Others, "Almond and plane tree."
+
+'' Laban no doubt sought to give Jacob the least possi-
+ble wages, expecting, however, that he would employ
+some device to obtain all he could in accordance with
+their bargain; hence he was evidently not offended at it.
+
+° " He made advance-droves out of whatever was
+speckled and brown in Laban's flocks," Arnheim, tak-
+ing ]Nvn 'JD as the name of the flocks which went before
+the other ; but the sense is at Last the same as that given
+in the text, since there the plainly coloured arc represented
+as following those having the marks agi-eed upon
+38'
+
+
+3 And the Lord said unto Jacob, Return
+unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy birth-
+place; and I will be with thee.
+
+4 And Jacob sent and called Rachel and
+Leah to the field unto his flock.
+
+5 And he said unto them, I see your
+father's countenance, that it is not toward me
+as before ; but the God of my father hath Ijeen
+with me.
+
+6 And ye know well that with all my power
+I have served your father.
+
+7 And your father hath deceived me, and
+changed my wages ten times; but God suf-
+fered him not to do me evil.
+
+8 If he said thus, The speckled shall be
+thy wages ; then bore all the flocks speckled :
+and if he said thus. The ring-streaked shall be
+my reward; then bore all the flocks ring-
+streaked.
+
+9 Thus God took away the cattle of your
+father, and gave them to me.
+
+10 And it came to pass at the time that
+the flocks conceived, that I lifted up my eyes,
+and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams
+which leaped ujDon the flocks were ring-
+streaked, speckled, and grizzled.
+
+11 And an angel of God spoke imto me
+in the dream, Jacob : and I said. Here am I.
+
+12 And he said. Lift up now thy eyes and
+see, all the rams which leap upon the flocks
+are ring-streaked, speckled, and grizzled ; for
+I have seen all that Laban doth unto thee.
+
+13 I am the God of Beth-el, where thou
+anointedst a jDillar, where thou madest unto
+me a vow : now arise, get thee out from this
+land, and return unto the land of thy birth.
+
+14 And Rachel and Leah answered and
+said unto him, Is there yet any portion or in-
+heritance for us in our father's house ?
+
+15 Were we not counted of him as stran-
+gers ? for he hath sold us ; and he hath quite
+consumed also our money.**
+
+16 For all the riches which God hath taken
+from our father, that is ours, and our chil-
+
+
+-" Literally, " spread out," i. e. his flocks were extended
+over a large pasture-ground.
+
+' Literally, "glory," or "honour."
+' Heb. " Yesterday and day before yesterday."
+s Through the frauds practised upon Jacob. Rachel
+and Lcilh express in this verse their just indignation
+against the cruelty of their father in having sold them, as
+though they were servants, to their husband, much as
+they loved him ; and now they had additional cause fcu'
+complaint in his eflforts to give their husband as small
+wages as possible.
+
+
+CxENESIS XXXI. VAYETZAY.
+
+
+drens ; uow then, whatsoever God hath said
+unto thee, do.*
+
+17 Then Jacob ro.se up, and set his sons
+and his wives upon camels ;
+
+18 And he led away all his cattle, and all
+his goods which he had gotten, the cattle of
+his acquiring, which he had gotten in Padan-
+aram, to go to Isaac his fiither into the land
+of Canaan.
+
+19 And Laban was gone to shear his sheeji;
+and Rachel stole the images that were her
+father's.
+
+20 And Jacob stole" away unawares to La-
+ban the Syrian, by not letting him know that
+he was going to flee.
+
+21 And he fled with all that he had ; and
+he rose up, and passed over the river, and set
+his face toward the mount Gileiid.
+
+22 And it was told to Laban on the third
+day that Jacob was fled.
+
+23 And he took his brethren with him, and
+pursued after him a seven days' journey; and
+he overtook him at the mount of Gileiid.
+
+24 And God came to Laban, the Syrian,
+in a dream of the night, and said unto him.
+Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob
+either good or bad.''
+
+25 Then Laban overtook Jacob; now Jacob
+had pitched his tent on the mount, and Laban
+with his bi'ethreu pitched on the mount of
+Gileiid.
+
+26 And Laban said to Jacob, What hast
+thou done, that thou hast stolen away unar
+wares to me, and led away my daughters, as
+captives taken with the sword ?
+
+27 Wherefore didst thou flee away secretly,
+and steal away from me ; and why didst thou
+not tell me, that I might have sent thee away
+with mirth, and with songs, with tabret, and
+with harp?
+
+28 And (why) hast thou not suffered me to
+kiss my sons and my daughters? now thou
+hast acted foolishly in so doing.
+
+29 It is in the power of my liand to do you
+hurt; but the God of your father spoke unto
+me yesternight, saying. Take thou heed that
+thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.
+
+30 And now, thou wouldst needs be gone,
+because thou greatly longedst after thy father's
+
+' Heb. " Stole the heart of Laban."
+^ i. e. Use no threats or persuasion to induce him to
+return to Syria.
+' Lit. "Felt over."
+
+
+house ; (yet) wherefore hast thou stolen my
+gods ?
+
+31 And Jacob answered and said to Laban,
+Because I was afraid, for I said, Peradventure
+thou wouldst take by force thy daughters
+from me.
+
+32 With whomsoever thou findest thy gods,
+let him not live ; before our brethren seek out
+thou what is thine with me, and take it to
+thee ; but Jacob knew not that Rachel had
+stolen them.
+
+33 And Laban went into the tent of Jacob,
+and into the tent of Leah, and into the tent
+of the two maid-servants ; but he found no-
+thing ; he then went out of the tent of Leiih,
+and entered into Rachel's tent.
+
+34 Now Rachel had taken the images, and
+put them in the saddle-cushion of the camel,
+and sat upon them ; and Laban searched' all
+the tent, and found nothing.
+
+35 And she said to her father, Let it not
+displease my lord that I cannot rise up before
+thee ; for the custom of women is upon me ;
+and thus he searched, but found not the images.
+
+36 Now Jacob became wroth, and quar-
+relled with Laban ; and Jacob answered'' and
+said to Laban, What is my trespass ? what is
+my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after
+me?
+
+37 Although thou hast searched all my
+goods, what hast thou found of all the articles
+of thy household ? set it here before my bre-
+thren and thy brethren, that they may judge
+between us both.
+
+38 These twenty years have I been with
+thee : thy ewes and thy she-goats have not
+cast their young f and the rams of thy flock
+have I not eaten.
+
+39 That which was torn of beasts I brought
+not unto thee ; I had to bear the loss of it, of
+my hand didst thou require it, whatever was
+stolen by day, or stolen ])y night.
+
+40 (Where) I was in the day the heat con-
+sumed me, and the frost by night ; and my
+sleep departed from my eyes.
+
+41 The.se twenty years have I been in thy
+house ; I have served thee fourteen years for
+thy two daughters, and six j'ears for thy flocks :
+and thou hast changed my wages ten times.
+
+
+'' Aruheim renders " commenced," in which .sense the
+verb r\iy is found at times. (See Deut. xxvii. 14.)
+
+' i. e. Carelessness in not attending properly to the
+flock could never be charged to me.
+
+39
+
+
+GENESIS XXXI. XXXII. VAYISHLACH.
+
+
+42 Except the God of my father, the God
+of Abraham, and the Fear of Isaac, had been
+with me, surely thou hadst now sent me away
+empty ; my affliction and the labour of my
+hands God hath seen, and decided" yester-
+
+
+night.^"
+
+
+43 And Laban answered and said unto
+Jacob, The daughters are my daughters, and
+the children are my children, and the flocks
+are my flocks, and all that thou seest is mine ;
+but as to my daughters, what can I do unto
+them this day, or unto their children whom
+they have born ?
+
+44 And now, come thou, let us make a
+covenant, I and thou ; and let it be for a wit^
+ness between me and thee.
+
+45 And Jacob took a stone, and set it up
+for a pillar.
+
+46 And Jacob said unto his brethren,
+Gather stones ; and they took stones, and
+made a heap : and they ate there upon the
+heap.
+
+47 And Laban called it Yegar-sahadutha;'
+but Jacob called it Galed.*"
+
+48 And Laban said, This heap is a witness
+between me and thee this day ; therefore called
+he its name Galed ;
+
+49 And Mitzpah ;" for he said, The Lord
+shall watch between me and thee, when we
+are absent one fi'om the other ;
+
+50 If thou shouldst afflict my daughters, or
+if thou shouldst take other wives besides my
+(laughters, when there is no man with us :
+see, God is witness between me and thee.
+
+51 And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this
+heap, and behold this pillar, which I have cast
+up between me and thee ;
+
+52 Witness be this heap and witness be
+this pillar, that I will not pass by this heap,
+and that thou shalt not pass unto me by this
+heap and this pillar, for evil.
+
+53 The God of Abraham and the God of
+Nachor shall judge between us, the God of
+their father ; but Jacob swore by the Fear of
+his father Isaac.
+
+54 Then Jacob slew some cattle'" upon the
+
+* Meaning, that by the. direction given to Laban not to
+urge Jacob's return, Crod had decided that Jacob had acted
+rightly, and that Laban had been the wrong-doer.
+
+'' This, the Aramaic name, is identical with the He-
+brew appellation of Jacob, meaning the " heap of testi-
+mony."
+
+° From nay Izaphoh, " to see, to watch."
+
+'' After iiashi, who does not agree with the English
+40
+
+
+mount, and called his brethren to eat bread ;
+and they did eat bread, and tarried all night
+on the mount.*
+
+CHAPTER XXXII."
+
+1 And early in the morning Laban rose up,
+and kissed his sons and his daughters and
+blessed them ; and Laban departed, and re-
+turned unto his own place.
+
+2 And Jacob went on his way, and there
+met him angels of God.
+
+3 And when Jacob saw them, he said. This
+is a host of God ; and he called the name of
+that place Machanayim.*^
+
+Ha'phtorah in Hoshea xi. 7 to xii. 12. Some read from xii.
+13, to xiv. 10.
+
+
+SECTION VIII. VAYISHLACH, nSsT'l.
+
+4 T[ And Jacob sent messengers before him
+to Esau his brother unto the land of Se'ir, the
+country^ of Edom.
+
+5 And he commanded them, saying. Thus
+shall ye speak unto my lord, to Esau, Thus
+hath said thy servant Jacob, With Laban
+have I sojourned, and stayed until now.
+
+6 And I have acquired oxen, and asses,
+flocks, and men-servants, and women-ser-
+vants ; and I send now to tell my lord, to find
+grace in thy eyes.
+
+7 And the messengers returned to Jacob,
+saying. We came to thy brother, to Esau, and
+also he cometh to meet thee, and four hun-
+dred men with him.
+
+8 Then Jacob was greatly afraid, and he
+felt distressed ; and he divided the people that
+were with him, and tlie flocks, and the herds,
+and the camels, into two bands.
+
+9 And he said. If Esau should come to the
+one band and smite it, then the other band
+which is left may escape.
+
+10 And Jacob said, 0 God of my father
+Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, the
+Lord who saidst unto me. Return unto thy
+country, and to thy birthplace, and I will
+deal well with thee :
+
+version in making it a sacrifice. — ur\h " bread," as here
+given, means a "prepared meal," or "dinner."
+
+" In the English version, chap, xxxii. commences with
+V. 2.
+
+' " Two camps," or " hosts."
+
+»_Heb. "Fields." Dubno explains, "to the laud o)
+Seir, (hat part where Edom (Esau) dwelt."
+
+
+GENESIS XXXII. XXXIII. VAYISHLACH.
+
+
+11 I am not worthy" oi' all the kindness,
+and of all the truth, which tliou hast shown
+unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed
+over this Jordan ; and now I am become two
+bands.
+
+12 Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand
+of my brother, from the hand of Esau; for I
+fear him, lest he will come and smite me, the
+mother with the children.
+
+13 And thou saidst, I will surely do thee
+good, and make thy seed as the sand of the
+sea, which cannot be numbered for multi-
+tude.'•■
+
+14 And he lodged there that same night ;
+and he took of that which he carried with
+him'' a present for Esau his brother :
+
+15 Two hundred she-goats, and twenty he-
+goats, two hundred ewes, and twenty rams,
+
+IG Thirty milch camels with theu' colts,
+forty cows, and ten bulls, twenty she-asses,
+and ten foals.
+
+17 And he delivered them into the hand
+of his servants, every drove by itself; and he
+said unto his servants, Pass on before me, and
+put a space between drove and drove.
+
+18 And he commanded the foremost, say-
+ing, When Esau my brother should meet thee,
+and ask thee, saying, Whose art thou? and
+whither art thou going? and for whom are
+these before thee ?
+
+19 Then shalt thou say. They belong to
+thy servant, to Jacob ; it is a present sent mi to
+my lord, to Esau ; and, behold, also, he is him-
+self behind us.
+
+20 And so he commanded also the second,
+also the third, as also all that followed the
+droves, saying. After this manner shall ye
+speak unto Esau, when ye find hini.
+
+21 And say ye moreover. Behold, also thy
+servant Jacola is behind us. For he said, I
+will appease him with the present that
+goeth before me, and afterward I mil see his
+face ; perad venture he will receive" me kindly.
+
+* " My merits have been diminished through all," &c.
+— O.N'KELOS and Rashi. There is no warrant to render
+it, with the English version, " I am not worthy of the ka.it
+of," &c., there being no word in the text to correspond
+with the addition.
+
+"■ Heb. "Which had come to his hand," meaning
+" the cattle in which his wealth consisted, and from these
+he sent; for he was on the way, and had no opportunity
+to send silver and gold and precious things." — Ramban.
+
+° Lit. " he will bear my face," since one is not able
+to look with composure in the face of the person who has
+not obtained his forgiveness.
+
+
+22 The present went thus on before him ;
+and he lodged himself that night in the camp
+
+23 And he rose up that night, and he took
+his two wives, and his two women-servants,
+and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford
+of the Yabbok.
+
+24 And he took them, and sent them over
+the stream, and sent over what he had.
+
+25 And Jacob was left alone ; and there
+wrestled a man with him until the breaking
+of the day.**
+
+26 And when he saw that he could not pre-
+vail against him, he struck agamst" the hol-
+low of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's
+thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling
+with him.
+
+27 And he said, Let me go, for the day
+hath da^vned. And he said, I will not let
+thee go until thou hast blessed me.
+
+28 And he said unto him, What is thy
+name ? and he said, Jacob.
+
+29 And he said. Not Jacob shall any more
+be called thy name, but Israel f for as a prince*
+hast thou power with God and with men, and
+hast prevailed.
+
+30 And Jacob asked him, and said. Tell
+me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said,
+Wherelbre is it that thou dost ask after my
+name ? And he blessed him there.*
+
+31 And Jacob called the name of the place
+Peniel ■} for I have seen an angel of God' face
+to face, and my life hath been jireserved.
+
+32 And the sun rose imto him as he passed
+by Penuel, and he halted upon his thigh.
+
+33 Therefore do the children of Israel not
+eat the sinew which'^ shrank, which is upon
+the hollow of the thigh, unto this day ; because
+he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh
+on the sinew that shrank.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 And Jacob lifted up his eyes, and looked,
+and behold, Esau came, and with him four
+
+
+"^ More correctly, " the rise of the morning dawn."
+
+° Lit. " He touched on the pan of," &c.
+
+' " Prince of God," Sxiiy' Yisrael, ity sar, " prince,"
+andSxi:/, "God."
+
+* The moderns render, " for thou hast striven for the
+mastery with divine beings (angels) and with men, and
+hast conquered."
+
+" ¥mmpanim, "face," and El, " God."
+
+' After Onkelos.
+
+' Philippson and others, "tendon" and explain with
+tendo Achillis.
+
+
+41
+
+
+GENESIS XXXIII. XXXIV. VAYISHLACH.
+
+
+himdred men. And he divided the children
+unto LeJih, and unto Eachel, and unto the two
+handmaids.
+
+2 And he put the handmaids and their
+children foremost, and Leah and her children
+after, and Rachel and Joseph hindermost.
+
+3 And he himself passed on before them,
+and bowed himself to the ground seven times,
+until he came near to his brother.
+
+4 And Esau ran to meet him, and embraced
+him, and fell on his neck, and kissed him;
+and they wept.
+
+5 And he lifted up his eyes, and saw the
+women and the children ; and said. Who are
+these with thee ? And he said. The children
+whom God hath graciously given thy servant.'-'
+
+6 Then came the liandmaids near, they
+and their children, and they bowed themselves.
+
+7 And Leah also with her children came
+near, and they bowed themselves ; and after
+that came Joseph near and Rachel, and they
+bowed themselves.
+
+8 And he said. What meanest thou by all
+this drove which I have met? And he said, To
+find grace in the eyes of my lord.
+
+9 And Esau said, I have enough, my bro-
+ther, keep unto thyself what thou hast.
+
+10 And Jacob said. This must not be, I
+pray thee ; if I have but found grace in thy
+eyes, then do thou receive my present at m^^
+hand; since I have seen thy face, it is as
+though I had seen the face of an angel, and
+because thou hast received me kindly."
+
+11 Take, I pray thee, my present'' that is
+brought to thee; because God hath dealt
+graciously with me, and because I have a
+plenty of all. And he urged him, and he
+took it.
+
+12 And he said, Let us depart, and move
+farther, and I will travel near thee.
+
+13 • And he said unto him, My lord knoweth
+that the children are tender, and the flocks
+and herds with young are a charge on me :'
+ond if they should overdrive them one day, all
+the flock would die.
+
+14 Let my lord, I pray thee, pass on before
+his servant: and I will lead on slowly, accord-
+ing as the cattle that goeth before me and
+
+• After Rashi. " Hcb. "blessing."
+
+° Arnheim and Pliilippson regard ''7^' as a Syriac plural
+
+from the singular '-))} " the young," and render, "and llie
+
+flocks and the herds suckle the young."
+'' From surrrih, "a booth."
+42
+
+
+the children may be able to travel, until 1
+come unto my lord unto Se'ir.
+
+15 And Esau said. Let me, I pray thee,
+leave with thee some of the people that are
+with me. And he said, What needeth it? let
+me onl}' find grace in the eyes of my lord.
+
+16 So Esau returned that day on his way
+unto Seir.
+
+17 And Jacob journeyed to Succoth and
+built himself a house, and for his cattle he
+made booths; therefore he called the name
+of the place Succoth.''
+
+1 8 Tl And Jacob came m good health to the
+city of Shechem, which is in the land of Ca-
+naan, when he came from Padan-aram; and
+he encamped before the city.
+
+19 And he bought the parcel of the field,
+where he had spread his tent, at the hand of
+the children of Chamor, the father of Shechem,
+for a hundred kessitah."
+
+20 And he erected there an altar, and
+called it, El-Eloh^-Yisrael.*'
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ][ And Dinah the daughter of Leah,
+whom she had born unto Jacob, went out to
+look about among the daughters of the land.
+
+2 And Shechem the son of Chamor the
+Hivite, the piince of the country, saw her;
+and he took her, and lay with her, and did
+her violence.
+
+3 And his soul clave unto Dinah the
+daughter of Jacob, and he loved the maiden,
+and spoke kindly unto the maiden.
+
+4 And Shechem spoke unto Chamor his
+father, saying, Get me this girl for wife.
+
+5 And Jacob heard that he had defiled
+Dinah his daughter; but his sons were with
+his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his
+peace° until they were come.
+
+6 And Chamor the father of Shechem went
+out unto Jacob to speak with him.
+
+7 And the sons of Jacob came from the
+field when they heard it, and the men were
+grieved, and it excited their anger greatly ;
+because he had wrought a disgraceful thing
+in Israel to lie with the daughter of Jacob,
+and this ought not to be done.
+
+
+" A particular coin, of unknown value. The notion of
+Geseuius that each was worth four shekels is mere con-
+jecture.
+
+' " Rod, the God of Israel."
+
+' i. c. Kept silent.
+
+
+GENESIS XXXIV. XXXV. VAYISHLACH.
+
+
+8 And Cliainor spuku with them, sajing,
+The soul of Sheehem my son longeth for ^^oui"
+daughter; give her, I pray you, unto him for
+wife.
+
+9 And intermarry with us; your daughters
+ye shall give unto us, and our daughters ye
+may take unto yourselves.
+
+10 And with us shall ye dwell; and the
+land shall be open before you; dwell and
+trade ye therein, and acquire possessions
+therein.
+
+11 And Sheehem said unto her father and
+unto her brother, Let me but find grace in
+your eyes, and whatever ye may say unto
+me, I will give.
+
+12 Ask of me ever so much dowry and
+gift, and I will give, just as ye may say unto
+me; but give me the maiden for wife.
+
+13 And the sons of Jacob answered She-
+ehem and Chamor his father with cunning,
+and spoke; because he had defiled Dinah
+their sister.
+
+14 And they said unto them, We cannot
+do this thing, to give our sister to one that is
+uucircumcised ; for that would be a reproach
+unto us.
+
+15 But on this condition will we consent
+unto you; if ye will become as we are, that
+every male of you be circumcised :
+
+16 Then will we give our daughters unto
+you, and we will take your daughters unto
+us; and we will dwell with you, and we will
+become one people.
+
+17 But if ye will not hearken unto us, to
+be circumcised, then will we take our daugh-
+ter, and go our way.
+
+18 And their words were pleasing in the
+eyes of Chamor, and in the eyes of Sheehem,
+the son of Cliamor.
+
+19 And the young man deferred not to do
+the thing, because he had delight in Jacob's
+daughter; and he was the most honoured of
+all the house of his father.
+
+20 And Chamor and Sheehem his son came
+unto the gate of their city, and spoke with
+the men of their city, saying,
+
+21 These men are peaceably inclined with
+us ; therefore let them dwell in the land, and
+
+
+* Mendelssohn renders, " And they wish to dwell in
+the land and travel about therein."
+
+' Eashi; but Onkelos refers nQ3 "secure," to the in-
+habitants of the city, as if it said, " expecting no dan-
+ger."
+
+
+trade therein ;" and the land, behold, it is large
+enough on all sides before them ; their daugh-
+ters we will take unto us for wives, and our
+daughters we will give unto them.
+
+22 Only with this condition will the men
+consent unto us to dwell with us, to become
+one people, if every male among us be circum-
+cised, as they are circumcised.
+
+23 Their cattle and tlieir substance and
+every beast of theirs — will they not be ours?
+only let us consent unto them, that they may
+dwell with us.
+
+24 And unto Chamor and unto Sheehem
+his son hearkened all that went out of the
+gate of his city; and all the males were cir-
+cumcised, all that went out of the gate of his
+city.
+
+25 And it came to pass on the third day,
+when they were sore, that two of the sous of
+Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's Ijrothers,
+took each his sword, and came upon the city
+unresisted^ and slew all the males.
+
+26 And they slew Chamor and Sheehem
+his son with the edge of the sword ; and they
+took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went
+out.
+
+27 The sons of Jacob came upon the slain,
+and spoiled the city, because they had defiled
+their sister.
+
+28 They took their sheep, and their oxen,
+and their asses, and that which was in the
+city, and that which was in the field,
+
+29 And all their wealth, and all their little
+ones, and their w'ives they took captive, and
+spoiled; and all that was in the house.
+
+30 And Jacolj said unto Simeon and Levi,
+Ye have troubled me, to cause me to be hated"
+among the inhabitants of the land, among the
+Canaanites and the Perizzites : and as I am
+but few in niunber, they may gather them-
+selves together against me, and slay me ; and
+I would be destroyed, I and my house.
+
+31 And they said, Should he deal with our
+sister as with a harlot?
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 Tl And God said unto Jacob, Arise, go
+up to Beth-el, and dwell there; and make
+
+
+° 'JK^'N^nS means literally " to cause me to be in bad
+odour," from tyXD "to stink," which term is (hen figura-
+tively applied to a tainted reputation, wliich produces
+hate in others. Hence the translation in the text.
+
+
+43
+
+
+GENESIS XXXV. VAYISHLACH.
+
+
+there an altar unto tlie God that appeared
+unto thee when thou fleddest from the face of
+Esau thy brother.
+
+2 Then said Jacob unto his household, and
+to all that were with him, Put away the
+strange gods'' that are among you, and cleanse
+yourselves, and change your garments.
+
+3 And let us arise, and go up to Beth-el;
+and I wll make there an altar unto the God
+who answered me on the day of my distress,
+and was vnth me on the way which I went.
+
+4 And they gave unto Jacob all the strange
+gods which were in their hand, and the ear-
+rings which were in their ears ; and Jacob hid
+them under the oak which was near Shechem.
+
+5 And they journeyed; and the terror of
+God Avas upon the cities that were* round
+al)out them, and they did not pursue after the
+sous of Jacob.
+
+6 So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the
+laud of Canaan, that is, Beth-el, he and all
+the people that were with him.
+
+7 And he built there an altar, and called
+the place El-beth-el :^ because there God" ap-
+peared unto him, when he fled from the face
+of his brother.
+
+8 And Deborah Rebekah's nui-se died, and
+she was buried beneath*^ Beth-el under an
+oak: and he called its name AUon-bachuth.'^
+
+9 ^ And God aj^peared unto Jacob again,
+when he came from Padan-aram, and blessed
+him.
+
+10 And God said unto him. Thy name is
+Jacob; thy name shall not be called any
+more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name :
+and he called his name Israel.
+
+11 And God said unto him, I am God the
+Almighty; be fruitful and multiply; a nation
+and an assemblage of nations^ shall spruig
+from thee, and kings shall come out of thy
+loins.*
+
+12 And the land which I gave to Abraham
+and to Isaac, to thee will I give it; and to
+thy seed after thee will I give the land.
+
+13 And God went up from him on the
+place where he had spoken with him.*
+
+14 And Jacob set up a pUlar at the place
+
+" llcfcrring probably to images tliey had found among
+thfi spoil of till! city of Sljechem.
+
+" " God of Bethel."
+
+" According to llashi and the Massorah ; but On-
+kelos renders, "for there appeared to him the angels of
+the LoiiD "
+
+'' Ou the declivity leading to it.
+44
+
+
+where he had spoken with him, a pillar of
+stone; and he poured a drink offering thereon,
+and he poured oil thereon.
+
+15 And Jacob called the name of the place
+where God had spoken with him, Beth-el.
+
+16 And they journej'ed from Beth-el ; and
+there was yet some distance to come to
+Ephrath, when Rachel travailed, and she had
+hard labour.
+
+17 And it came to pass, when she was in
+hard labour, that the midwife said unto her,
+Fear not; for this child also is a son for
+thee.«
+
+18 And it came to pass, as her soul was
+departing, (for she died,) that she called his
+name Ben-oni •} but his father called him Ben-
+jamin.'
+
+19 And so Rachel died, and was buried on
+the way to Ephrath, whicli is Beth-lechem.
+
+20 And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave ;
+this is the pillar of Rachel's grave unto his
+day.
+
+21 And Israel journeyed, and spread his
+tent beyond the tower of flocks (Eder) .
+
+22 And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt
+in that land, that Reuben Avent and lay with
+Bilhah his father's concubme; and Israel
+heard it.
+
+][ Now the sons of Jacob were twelve.
+
+23 The sons of Leah, Jacob's first-born, Reii-
+ben, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and
+Issachar, and Zebulun.
+
+24 The sons of Rachel, Joseph, and Ben-
+jamin.
+
+25 And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's hand-
+maid, Dan, and Naphtali.
+
+26 And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's hand-
+maid, Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of
+Jacob, that were born to him in Padan-aram.
+
+27 And Jacob came unto Isaac his father
+unto Mamre, the city of Arha", which is
+Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac had so-
+journed.
+
+28 And the days of Isaac were one hun-
+dred and eighty years.
+
+29 And Isaac departed this life, and died,
+and was gathered unto his people, old and
+
+' " Oak of weeping."
+' " Tribes."— Onkelos.
+
+' No doubt referring to Rachel's vvi.sh at the birth of
+Joseph. (Gen. xxx. 24.)
+' " Son of my pain."
+' " Soil of my old age."
+
+
+GENESIS XXXVI. VAYISnLA(!H.
+
+
+full of days; aud Esau and Jacob his sons
+buried him.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+1 T[ Now these are the generations of Esau,
+who is Edom.
+
+2 Esau took his wives ol' the daughters of
+Cauaan ; Adah* the daughter of Elon the Hit^
+tite, aud Aholibamah tlie daughter of Anah
+the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite ;
+
+3 And Bahseniath Ishniael's daughter, the
+sister of Nebayoth.
+
+4 And Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz; and
+Bahsemath bore lleiiel;
+
+5 Aud Aholibamah bore Yeiish, and Ya'lam,
+aud Korach : these are the sous of Esau, that
+were born unto him in the land Canaan.
+
+6 And Esau took his wives, and his sons,
+and his daughters, aud all the persons of his
+house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, aud
+all his substance, which he had gotten in the
+land of Canaan; and went into another
+country from the face of his brother Jacob.
+
+7 For their riches were more than that
+they might dwell together; and the land of
+their sojourning could not bear them, because
+of their cattle.
+
+8 Thus dwelt Esau in mount Se'ir: Esau
+is Edom.
+
+9 And these are the generations of Esau
+the father of the Edom in mount Seir.
+
+10 These are the names of Esau's sons:
+EUphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau,
+Eeiiel the son of Bahsemath the wife of Esau.
+
+11 And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman,
+Omar, Zepho, and Ga'tam, and Kenaz.
+
+12 And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz
+Esau's son : and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek ;
+these were the sons of Adah, Esau's wife.
+
+1 3 And these are the sons of Eeiiel : Na^
+chath, and Zerach, Shammah, and Mizzah;
+these were the sons of Bahsemath, Esau's
+wife.
+
+14 And these were the sons of Aholibamah,
+the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon,
+
+
+" In Genesis xxvi. 34, the wives of Esau are called
+Judith, daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bahsemath,
+daughter of Elon ; we may therefore assume that the
+daughter of Beeri died childless, when Esau took Aholi-
+bamah; and regarding the names of Adah, in the case of
+the daughter of Elon, and of Bahsemath, the daughter of
+Ishmael, we can suppose that they may have beeu terms
+of endearment applied to thoni. For instance, mi" 'Aifidi,
+from "\y 'Adi, "ornament," noiyj Bahsemath, from ow2
+
+
+Esau's wife : aud she bore to Esau Yeiisli, and
+Ya'lam, and Korach.
+
+15 These are the dukes'* of the sons ol"
+Esau; the sons of Eliphaz the first-born of
+Esau : duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho,
+duke Kenaz,
+
+16 Duke Korach, duke Ga'tam, duke Auui-
+lek; these are the dukes of Eliphaz in the
+land of Edom; these are the sons of Adah.
+
+17 And these are the sons of Reiiel Esau's
+son : duke Nachath, duke Zerach, duke Sham-
+mah, duke jNliz/.ah ; these are the dukes of
+Reiiel in the land of Edom; these are tlie
+sons of Bahsemath, Esau's wife.
+
+18 And these are the sons of Aholibamah,
+Esau's wife : duke Y^eiish, duke Y'a'lam, duke
+Korach ; these are the dukes of Aholibamah
+the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife.
+
+19 These are the sons of Esau, and these
+are their dukes; this is Edom."^'
+
+20 ][ These are the sons of Se'ir the Chorite,
+who inhabited the land : Lotan, and Shobal,
+and Zibeon, aud Anah,
+
+21 And Dishon, and Etzer, and Dish an;
+these are the dukes of the Chorites, the chil-
+dren of Se'ir in the land of Edom.
+
+22 And the children of Lotan were Chori
+and Hemau; and Lotan's sister was Tiunia.
+
+23 And these were the childi-en of Shobal :
+Alvan, and Manachath, and Ebal, Shepho,
+and Onam.
+
+24 And these are the children of Zibeon :
+both Ajah, and Anah; this was that Anah
+that found the mules" in the wilderness, as
+he fed the asses of ZiJjeon his father.
+
+25 And these are the children of Anah :
+Dishon, and Aholibamah the daughter of
+Anah.
+
+26 And these are the children of Dishan i"*
+Chemdan, and Eshban, aud Yithran, and
+Cheran.
+
+27 These are the children of Etzer : Bilhan,
+and Zalivan, and Akan.
+
+28 These are the children of Dishan : Uz,
+and Aran.
+
+
+hossem, "spice." Such names are not uncommon in the
+East.
+
+•■ Others, "princes of tribes."
+
+"The word wy ycmhn, here rendered "mules," has
+been variously interpreted, as it is but once met with ;
+the first with nudes; secondly, with "giants," same as
+eniini, and again "warm springs." The version here is
+according to Talmud.
+
+" Eng. ver. "Dishon."
+
+
+GENESIS XXXVI. XXXVII. VAYESHEB.
+
+
+29 These are the dukes of the Chorites:
+iuke Lotan, duke Shobal, duke Zibeon, duke
+Anah ;
+
+30 Duke Dishon, duke Etzer, duke Dishan ;
+these are the dukes of the Chorites, after their
+dukes in the hind of Se'ir.
+
+31 ][ And these are the kings that reigned
+in the land of Edom, before there reigned any
+king over the children of Israel."
+
+32 And there reigned in Edom Bela the
+son of Beor: and the name of his city was
+Dinhabah.
+
+33 And Bela died, and there reigned in his
+stead Yobab the son of Zerach of Bozrah.
+
+34 And Yobab died, and there reigiaed in
+his stead Chusham of the land of Teman.
+
+35 And Chusham died, and there reigned
+in his stead Hadad the son of Bedad, who
+smote Midian in the field of Moab; and the
+name of his city was Avith.
+
+36 And Hadad died, and there reigned in
+his stead Sam I ah of Masrekah.
+
+37 And Samlah died, and there reigned
+in his stead Shaiil of Rechoboth by the
+river.
+
+38 And Shaiil died, and there reigned in
+his stead Baiil-chanan the son of Achbor.
+
+39 And Baal-chanan the son of Achbor
+died, and there reigned in his stead Hadar,
+and the name of his city was Pati ; and his
+wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of
+Hatred, the daughter (jf Me-zahab,---
+
+40 And these are the names of the dukes
+of Esau, according to their families, after
+their ])laces, by their names : duke Timna,
+duke Alvah, duke Yetheth,
+
+41 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke
+Pinon,
+
+42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mib-
+zar,
+
+43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram ; these are
+the dukes of Edom, according to their habita^
+tions in the land of their possession ; this is
+Esau the father of the Edom.
+
+Ilaphtorah in Hosea xii. 13, to xiv. 10. Others read fromxi.
+7 to xii. 12. The Portuguese read Obadiah i. 1-21.
+
+
+" It is highly probable that the last of the eight kings
+incntioucd here, was the king of Edom in the days of
+.Moses, (Numb. xx. 14,) and this verse then only ex-
+presses that pjdom had a consolidated government, while
+Israel was enslaved.
+
+■" /. c. He kept more with them than the others who
+ivere the sons of Lciih.
+
+° This refers to his brothers mentioned at first.
+4G
+
+
+SECTION IX. VAYESHEB, 20.
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+1 ^ And Jacob dwelt in the land of his
+father's sojourning, in the land of Canaan.
+
+2 These are the generations of Jacob. Jo-
+seph, being seventeen years old, was feeding
+the flock with his brothers ; and he was as a
+lad*" with the sons of Bilhali, and with the
+sons of Zilpah, his father's wives ; and Joseph
+brought evil reports of them'' unto his father.
+
+3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all
+his children, because he was the son of his
+old age ; and he made him a coat of many
+colours.''
+
+4 And when his brothers saw that their
+father loved him more than all his brothers,
+they hated him, and could not speak peace-
+ably unto him.
+
+5 And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he
+told it to his brothers: and they hated him yet
+the more.
+
+6 And he said unto them. Hear, I pray
+you, this dream which I have dreamed.
+
+7 And, behold, we were binding sheaves in
+the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also re-
+mained standing upright ; and, behold, your
+sheaves placed themselves round about, and
+made obeisance to my sheaf
+
+8 And his brothers said to him, Shalt thou
+indeed reign over us ? or shalt thou indeed
+have dominion over us ? And they hated him
+yet the more for his dreams, and for his words.
+
+9 And he dreamed yet another dream, and
+told it to his brothers; and he said, Behold, I
+have dreamed a dream more; and, behold,
+the sun and the moon and eleven stars made
+obeisance to me.
+
+10 And he told it to his father, and to his
+brothers ; and his fother rebuked him. and
+said unto him. What is this dream that thou
+hast dreamed ? Shall we indeed come, I and
+thy mother, and thy brothers, to bow down
+ourselves to thee to the earth ?
+
+11 And his brothers envied him ; but his
+father noted" the matter (in his mind).*
+
+
+^ Here is shown the danger of preferring one child be-
+fore the others, although he may deserve it; the preference
+shown by Jacob was as much cause for the hatred toward
+Joseph as his own fault of talebearing.
+
+° Aben Ezra. Rashi comments, " He waited and watched
+to see when it would come to pass." Onkelos renders
+imn with "the word."
+
+
+GENESIS XXXVII. XXXVIII. VAYESIIEB.
+
+
+12 And his brothers went to feed their
+father's flocks in Shechem.
+
+13 And Israel said unto Joseph, Do not
+thy brothers feed (the flocks) in Shechem ?
+come, and I will send thee unto them. And
+he said to him, Here am I.°
+
+14 And he said to him, Go, I pray thee,
+see whether it be well with thy brothers, and
+well with the flocks; and bring me word again.
+So he sent him from the vale of Hebron, and
+he came to Shechem.
+
+15 And a certain man tbund liim, and, be-
+hold, he was wandering astray in the field ; and
+the man asked him, saying. What seekest
+thou?
+
+16 And he said, I seek my brothers; tell
+me, I pray thee, where they are feeding their
+flocks ?
+
+17 And the man said, They are departed
+hence ; for I heard them say. Let us go to
+Dotlian. And Joseph went after his brothers,
+and found them in Dothau.
+
+18 And when they saw him afar off, even
+before he came near unto them, they con-
+spired against him to slay him.
+
+19 And they said one to another. Behold,
+here cometh this man of dreams.
+
+20 And now, come and let us slay him,
+and cast him into one of the pits, and we will
+say. Some evil beast hath devoured him ;
+and we shall see what will become of his
+dreams.
+
+21 And when Reuben heard it, he de-
+livered him out of their hand ; and he said.
+Let us not put him to death.
+
+22 And Reiiben said unto them, Do not
+shed Ijlood ; but cast him into this pit that is
+in tlie wilderness, but do not lay hand upon
+liim ; — in order that he might deliver him
+out of their hand, to bring him back again to
+his father.*
+
+23 And it came to pass, when Joseph was
+come unto his brothers, that they stript Jo-
+seph of his coat, the coat of many colours
+that was on him ;
+
+24 And they took him, and cast him into
+the pit; and the pit was empty; there was no
+water in it.
+
+
+' This phrase, frequently used in Scripture, expresses
+the readiness to do what is bidden.
+
+^ "The term Ishmaelites, in this and verse 25, appears
+to have been the collective names of all the Din 'J3 'the
+
+eastern nationsj' as the Turks now call all Europeans,
+
+
+25 And they sat do^vn to eat bread : and
+they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, be-
+hold, a company of Ishmaelites was coming
+from Gileiid ; and their camels were bearing
+spicery, and balm, and lotus, going to carrj'
+it down to Egypt.
+
+26 And Judah said unto his brothers. What
+profit will it be if we slay our brother, and
+conceal his blood ?
+
+27 Come, and let us sell him to the Ish-
+maelites, but let our hand not be upon him ;
+for he is our brother, our flesh. And his l)ro-
+thers hearkened to him.
+
+28 And when the Midianitish'' men, mer-
+chants, passed by, they drew and lilted up
+Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the
+Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of siher : and
+they brouglit Joseph into Egypt.
+
+29 And when Reuben returned unto the
+pit, and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit,
+he rent his clothes.
+
+30 And he returned unto his brothers, and
+said. The child is not there ; and I, whither
+shall I go ?
+
+31 And they took Joseph's coat, and killed
+a he-goat," and dipped the coat in the blood ;
+
+32 And they sent the coat of many coloiu's,
+and they brought it to their father, and said,
+This have we found : acknowledge, we pray
+thee, whether it be th}^ son's coat or not.
+
+33 And he recognised it, and said. It is my
+son's coat ; an evil beast hath devoured him ;
+Joseph is surely torn in pieces.
+
+34 And Jacob rent his clothes, and put
+sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for
+his son many days.
+
+35 And all his sons and all his daughters
+rose up to comfort him; but he refused to
+be comforted; and he said. For I must go
+down unto my son, mourning, into the grave;
+thus his father wept for him.
+
+36 And the Midianites sold him into Egypt
+unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, the
+captain of the guards.'''
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass at that time, that
+Judah went do^^^l from his brothers, and he
+
+' Franks.' " — Arnheim. The Midianitish merchants are
+accordingly the same Ishmaelites spoken of at first ; and
+this, which is also after Rashbam, is evidently the correct
+construction.
+
+
+Heb. " buck of the goats."
+
+
+47
+
+
+GENESIS XXXVIII. VAYESHEB.
+
+
+pitched" his teut with a certain Adullamite
+whose name was Chirah.
+
+2 And Judah saw there a daughter of a
+certain Canaanite,'' Avhose name was Shua ;
+and lie took her, and went ui unto her.
+
+3 And she conceived, and bore a son ; and
+he called his name 'Er.
+
+4 And she conceived again, and bore a son ;
+and she called his name Onan.
+
+5 And she again bore another son; and
+she called his name Shelali : and he was at
+Chezib, when she bore him.
+
+6 And Judah took a wife for 'Er his first-
+born, whose name was Tamar.
+
+7 And 'Er, Judah's first-born, was displeas-
+ing in the eyes of the Lord ; and the Lord
+slew him.
+
+8 And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto
+thy brother's wife, and take her, as her
+brother-in-law," and raise up seed to thy
+brother.
+
+9 Onan thus knew that the seed should
+not be his ; and it came to pass, when he went
+in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it
+on the ground, so as not to give seed unto his
+brother.
+
+10 And the thing which he did was dis-
+pleasing in the eyes of the Lord ; wherefore
+Qe slew him also.
+
+11 Then said Judah to Tamar his daugh ter-
+m-law, Remain a widow at thy father's house,
+till Shelah my son be grown ; for he thought,
+Lest peradventure he die also, as his brothers
+have done. And Tamar went and dwelt in
+her father's house.
+
+12 And many days had elapsed when the
+daughter of Shua, Judah's wife, died; and
+after Judah was comforted, he went up unto
+his sheep-shearers, he and his friend Chirah
+the Adullamite, to Timnah.
+
+13 And it was told unto Tamar, saying.
+Behold thy father-in-law goeth up to Timnah
+to shear his sheep.
+
+14 And she put her widow's garments off
+from her, and covered herself with a vail, and
+concealed her face, and seated herself at the
+cross-road,'' which is by tlie way to Timnah ;
+for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she
+was not given unto him for wife.
+
+• McndGlssolin ; Kashi and others ronJt-r t3'1 " and re-
+moving took up Ilia residence with," &c.
+' " Merchant." — Onkelos.
+' See r>eut. xxv. .'i, (i.
+
+'' Rashi ; "at tlie entrance to tlie double-spring," Aben
+48
+
+
+15 And Judah saw her, and thought her
+to be a harlot; because she had covered her
+face.
+
+16 And he turned unto her by the way,
+and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in
+unto thee ; (for he knew not that she was his
+daughter-in-law.) And she said. What wilt
+thou give me, that thou mayest come in untti
+me?
+
+17 And he said, I will send thee a kid
+from the flock. And she said, If thou wilt
+give me a pledge, till thou send it.
+
+18 And he said. What is the pledge which
+I shall give thee ? And she said, Thy signet,
+and thy scarf,*" and thy staff that is in thy
+hand. And he gave them to her, and came
+in unto her, and she conceived by him.
+
+19 And she arose, and went away, and laid
+by her vail from her, and put on the garments
+of her widowhood.
+
+20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of
+his friend the Adullamite, to take the pledge
+out of the woman's hand ; but he found her
+not.
+
+21 Then he asked the men of her place,
+saying, Where is the harlot, that was at the
+cross-road on the highway ? And they said,
+There hath been no harlot in this neighbour-
+hood.
+
+22 And he returned to Judah, and said, I
+cannot find her; and also the men of the
+place have said. There hath been no harlot
+in this place.
+
+23 And Judah said. Let her keep it, lest
+we be put to shame ; behold, I sent this kid,
+and thou hast not found her.
+
+24 And it came to pass about three months
+after, that it was told to Judah, saying, Ta-
+mar thy daughter-in-law hath played the har-
+lot; and also, behold, she is with child by
+prostitution. And Judah said. Lead her forth,
+and let her be burnt.
+
+25 When she was led forth, she sent to her
+father-in-hiAV, saying. By the man, whose
+these are, am I with child : and she said. Ac-
+knowledge, I pray thee, to whom belong
+these, the signet, the scarf, and stafi".
+
+26 And Judah acknowledged them, and
+said. She hath been more righteous than I ;
+
+Ezra; "at the gate of 'Enayim," according to others,
+thinking it identical with the 'Enaui of Joshua sv. 34;
+others again, "in the open place" or "open road."
+
+' Kashi and Onkelos; others, simply " thy string," t". e.
+)iy which the seal was hung round the neck.
+
+
+GENESIS XXXVIII. XXXIX. VAYESIIEB.
+
+
+because that I gave her not to Shelali m}-
+sou. And he knew her not again any more.
+
+27 And it came to pass at the time of her
+travail, that, belaold, twins were in her
+womb.
+
+28 And it came to pass, when she tra-
+vailed, that the one put out his hand : and
+the midwife took and Ijound upon his hand a
+scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
+
+29 And it came to pass, as he drew back
+his hand, that, behold his brother came out;
+and she said. How hast thou broken forth?
+this breach is upon thee : therefore his name
+was called Perez."
+
+30 And afterward came out his brother,
+that had the scarlet thread upon his hand :
+and his name was called Zerach.'*
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+1 ][ And Joseph was brought down to
+Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh,
+the captain of the guards, an Egyptian, bought
+him of the hands of the Ishmaelites, who had
+brought him down thither.
+
+2 And the Lord was with Joseph, and he
+was a prosperous man; and he was thus m
+the house of his master the Egyptian.
+
+3 And when his master saw that the Lord
+was ^vith him, and that the Lord caused all
+that he did to prosper in his hand :
+
+4 Joseph found grace in his eyes, and he
+served him; and he made him overseer over
+his house, and all that he had he put into his
+hand.
+
+5 And it came to pass from the time he
+had made him overseer in his house, and over
+all that he had, that the Lord blessed the
+Egyptian's house for the sake of Joseph; and
+the blessing of the Lord was upon all that he
+had, in the house and in the field.
+
+6 And he left all that he had in Joseph's
+hand; and he troubled himself not" about
+aught he had, save the bread which he did
+eat. And Joseph was handsome in form and
+handsome in appearance.*
+
+7 And it came to pass after these things,
+
+'From -pi) parotz, "to break forth," "to make a
+break."
+
+'' From rriT zaroach " to shine," applied to the sub,
+" to rise."
+
+' Heb. " Knew not."
+
+'' This assertion of Joseph clearly proves with Scriptui-c
+evidence, that the sons of Noah were prohibited the com-
+mission of incest. When therefore the Canaanites became
+
+Q
+
+
+that his master's wife cast her eyes upon
+Joseph; and she said, Lie with me.
+
+8 But he refused, and said unto his mas-
+ter's Avife, Behold, my master troubleth him-
+self not about what is with me in the house,
+and he hath committed all that he hath into
+my hand;
+
+9 There is none greater in this house than
+I ; neither hath he kept back any thing from
+me but thee, because thou art his wife : how
+then can I do this great evil, and sin against
+God?"
+
+10 And it came to pass, as she spoke to
+Joseph day by day, and he hearkened not
+unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her;
+
+11 That it came to pass one particular
+day, that he went into the house to do his
+business; and there was none of the men of
+the house there within.
+
+12 And she caught him by his garment,
+saying, Lie with me; and he left his garment in
+her hand, and fled, and ran out into the street.
+
+13 And it came to pass, when she saw that
+he had left his garment in her hand, and was
+fled forth,
+
+11 That she called unto the men of her
+house, and spoke unto them, saying, See, he
+hath brought in unto us a Hebrew man to
+have his sporfwith us ; he came in unto me
+to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice :
+
+15 And it came to pass, when he heard
+that I lifted uj) my voice and cried, that he
+loft his garment with me, and fled, and ran
+out into the street.
+
+16 And she laid up his garment by her
+until his lord came home.
+
+17 And she spoke unto him according to
+these words, saying. The HebreA\' servant
+whom thou hast brought unto us, came in
+unto me to have his sport with me.
+
+18 And it came to pass, as I lifted up my
+voice and cried, that he left his. garment with
+me, and fled forth.
+
+19 And it came to pass, when his master
+heard the words of his wife, which she spoke
+unto him, saying. After this manner hath
+
+corrupt, and lived in a manner so contrary to the laws of
+the Bible in this respect, they wore justly doomed to ex-
+pulsion froi;i the land which they had defiled. This view
+of the subject will also explain the passage in Leviticus
+six. 27, 28,
+
+' pns "to laugh," then "to mock," and finally "to do
+acts of mischief and wantonness."
+
+
+i'J
+
+
+GENESIS XXXIX. XL. VAYESIIEB.
+
+
+thy servant done to mej that his wrath was
+kindled.
+
+20 And Joseph's master took him, and put
+him into the prison," tlie place where the
+king's prisoners were imprisoned : and he was
+there in the pi'ison.
+
+21 But the Lord was with Joseph, and
+caused him to find kindness, and gave him
+favour in the eyes of the superintendent of
+the prison.
+
+22 And the superintendent of the prison
+committed into Joseph's hand all tlie prisoners
+that were in the prison ; and whatsoever they
+did there, was done through him.''
+
+23 The superintendent of the prison looked
+not after the least that was under his hand,
+because the Lord Avas with him; and that
+which he did, the Lord made to prosper.'^'
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+1 ]] And it came to pass after these things,
+that the butler of the king of Egypt and the
+baker committed an ofience, against their
+lord the king of Egypt.
+
+2 And Pharaoh was wroth against his two
+officers, against the chief of the butlers, and
+against the chief of the bakers.
+
+-3 And he put them in ward in the house
+of the captain of the guards, into the prison,
+the place whei'e Joseph was confined."
+
+4 And the captain of the guards charged
+Joseph with them, and he served them; and
+they continued a season'' in ward.
+
+5 And they dreamed a dream,both of them,
+each his dream in one night, each in accord-
+ance with the interpretation of his dream, the
+butler and the baker of the king of Egypt,
+who were confined in the prison.
+
+6 And Joseph came in unto them in the
+morning, and looked at them, and, behold,
+they were sad.
+
+7 And he asked the officers of Pharaoh
+that were with him in ward in his lord's
+house, saying. Wherefore look ye so sadly
+to-day?
+
+8 And they said unto him, We have dream-
+ed a dream, and there is none to interpret it.
+
+' Lit. "prison-house."
+
+*• Hnb. "lie was the doer thereof."
+
+'From 1DN, "to bind, to imprison," not ncccss<arily
+therefore "bound," as in the English version.
+
+'' Rashi and Mendelssohn, "and they were a whole
+year," &e.
+
+• nn is perhaps an alibrcviatiou for D'ln, "uobh's,
+50
+
+
+And Josejjh said unto them, Dc not interpre-
+tations belong to God? tell it to me, I pray
+you.
+
+9 The chief of tlie butlers then told his
+dream to Joseph, and said to him. In my
+dream, behold, a vine was before me;
+
+10 And on the vme were three branches;
+and it was as though it budded, shot forth its
+blossoms, and on its clusters the grapes be-
+came ripe:
+
+11 And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand;
+and I took the grapes, and pressed them out
+into Pharaoh's cup, and I jjlaced the cup into
+Pharaoh's hand.
+
+12 And Jo.seph said unto him, This is its
+interpretation : The three branches are three
+days ;
+
+13 Within yet three days will Pharaoh
+lift up thy head, and restore thee unto thy
+office; and thou shalt place Pharaoh's cup
+into his hand, after the former manner when
+thou wast his butler.
+
+14 Therefore if thou thinkest on me when
+it shall be well with thee, then sho^v kind-
+ness, I pray thee, unto me, and make mention
+of me unto Pharaoh, and brmg me out of this
+house ;
+
+15 For indeed I was stolen away out of
+the land of the Hebrews; and here also have
+I not done the least that they should })ut me
+into the dungeon.
+
+16 And when the chief of the Ijakers saw
+that he had well interpreted, he said unto Jo-
+seph, I also (saw) in my dream, and, behold, I
+had three baskets "WTth fine Ijread on my head :"
+
+17 And in the uppermost Ijasket there was
+of all numuer of bakemeats, used as food for
+Pharaoh ; and the birds did eat them out of
+the basket from my head.
+
+18 And Joseph answered and said. This is
+its interpretation : The thi'ee ba.skets are
+three days;
+
+19 Within yet three days will I'liaraoh
+lift up thy head from off thee, and will hang
+thee on a tree; and the birds shall eat thy
+Hesh from off thee.'-'
+
+20 And it came to pass on the third day,
+
+lords," and it is then an ellipsis for D'ln DnS, "bread for
+the lords." Aridieim and Kashi and others derive nn
+from ^ln "bole," thus, "baskets full of holes." Saailiah
+takes it as .synonymous with ^r^ the Aramaic for " white,"
+thus, "baskets with white or fine bread," as rendered in
+our text. I'bilippson renders " baskets for fine bread,"
+/. I', .sueli as are used to put fuie bread in.
+
+
+GENESia XL. XLl. MICKETZ.
+
+
+wliich was Plianioli's birthday, that he made
+a least unto all his servants : and he lifted up
+the head of the chief of the butlers and the
+head of the chief of the bakers among his
+ser\'ants.
+
+21 And he restored the chief of the butlers
+unto his butlershijj; and he placed the cup
+into Pharaoh's hand;
+
+2"J But the chief of the bakers he hanged,
+as Joseph had interpreted to them.
+
+23 Yet the chief of the butlers did not re-
+member Joseph, and forgot him.
+
+Haphtorah iu Amos li. 0 to iii. 8.
+
+
+SECTION X. MICKETZ, fpo.
+
+CHAPTER XLI.
+
+1 ^\ And it came to pass at the end of two
+full years, that Pharaoh dreamed ; and behold
+he stood by the river.
+
+2 And, behold, there came up out of the
+river seven cows, of good appearance and fat
+in flesh; and they fed in the meadow."
+
+o And, behold, seven other cows came up
+after them out of the river, ill-favoured and
+lean in flesh; and they stood Ijy the other
+cows upon the brink of the river.
+
+4 And the ill-favoured and lean-fleshed
+cows did eat up the seven well-favoured and
+fat co\vs. And Pharaoh awoke.
+
+0 And he slept and dreamed a second
+time: and, behold, seven ears of corn came
+up on one stalk, rank and good.
+
+G And, behold, seven thin ears and blasted''
+with the east wind sprung up after them.
+
+7 And the seven thin ears swallowed up
+the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh
+awoke, and, behold, it was a dream."
+
+8 And it came to pass in the morning that
+his spirit was troubled ; and he sent and called
+for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the
+wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his
+dream ; but there was none that could inter-
+pret the same unto Pharaoh.
+
+9 Then spoke the chief of the butlers unto
+Pharaoh, saying. My foults I must call to re-
+membrance this day:
+
+
+'among the reeds," Arniieim.
+take r|-ity as equal to .-|piy, "to
+
+
+" "Swamp," Rashi;
+
+^ Raslii and Oukelos
+thrash out, to beat frequently;" Ai'uheim, however, ex-
+plains it as equal to njK? " tn burn," (Song of Sol. i. 6;)
+which would properly give the version "blasted."
+
+
+10 Pharaoh was wroth with his servants,
+and 25ut me in ward in the house of the cap-
+tain of the guards, me and the chief of the
+bakers;
+
+11 And we dreamed a dream in one night,
+I and he; we dreamed each in accordance
+with the interpretation of his dream.
+
+12 And there was with us a Hebrew lad, a
+servant to the captain of the guards; and we
+told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams ;
+to each according to his dream did he inter-
+pret.
+
+13 And it came to pass, just as he had in-
+terj)reted to us, so it was ; nie he restored
+mito my office, and him he hanged.
+
+14 Then Pharaoh sent and had Joseph
+called, and they brought him hastily out of
+the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and
+changed his garments, and came in unto Pha-
+raoh.*
+
+15 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have
+dreamed a dream, and there is noue that can
+interpret it: and I have heard say of thee,
+that thou canst understand a dream to inter-
+pret it.
+
+16 And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying,
+It is not in me; God will give an answer for
+the peace of Pharaoh. '•'"'
+
+17 And Pharaoh said unto Josejih, In my
+dream, behold, I stood u])on the l>rink (if tlie
+river ;
+
+18 And, behold, there came up out of the
+river seven cows, fat in flesh and good in
+shape; and they fed in the meadow;
+
+19 And, behold, seven other cows came up
+after them, poor and very ill-shaped and lean
+in flesh ; I never saw any like these in all the
+land of Egypt for ugliness ;
+
+20 And the lean and the ill-favoured cows
+did eat up the first se\en fat cows ;
+
+21 And when they had eaten them u]),'' it
+could not be known that they had eaten
+them; but their appearance was still as bad
+as at the beginning. And I awoke.
+
+22 And I saw in my dream, and, l)ehold,
+
+
+seven ears came
+good;
+
+
+up
+
+
+on one stalk, full and
+
+
+23 And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin,
+
+
+° " Only on awaking he recognised that he had dreamed,
+so like reality was his dream." — Arnheim.
+
+^ " The wisdom is not mine, but God will put an an-
+swer in my mouth for the welfiire of Pharaoh." — R-\sHI.
+
+° Heb. "Came into their inward part."
+
+
+GENESIS XLI. MICKETZ.
+
+
+blasted with the east wind, sprung up after
+them ;
+
+24 And the thin ears devoured tlie seven
+good ears: and I told this unto the magi-
+cians; but there was none that could tell it
+to me.
+
+25 And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The
+dream of Pharaoh is one, that which God is
+about to do, lie hath told to Pharaoh.
+
+26 The seven good cows arc seven years;
+and the seven good ears are seven years; the
+dream is one.
+
+27 And the seven thin and ill-favoured
+cows that came up after them are seven
+years; and the seven empty ears, blasted
+with the east wind, shall he seven years of
+famine.
+
+28 This is the thing which I have spoken
+unto Pharaoh : What God is about to do he
+hath sho^vu mi to Pliaraoh.
+
+29 Behold, there are coming seven years of
+great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt :
+
+30 And there shall arise seven years of
+famine after them, when all the plenty shall
+be forgotten in the land of Eg}pt; and the
+famine shall consunie the land;
+
+31 And the plenty shall not be known in
+the land by reason of that famine following
+it; for it shall be very grievous.
+
+32 And as it respecteth that the dream was
+doubled unto Pharaoh twice, it is because the
+thing is firmly resolved on by God, and God
+hasteneth to bring it to pass.
+
+33 Now therefore let Pharaoh* look out a
+man discreet and wise, and set him over the
+land of Egypt.
+
+34 Let Pharaoh do this, and let him ap-
+point officers over the land, and take up the
+fifth part (of the produce) of the land of
+Egypt in the seven years of plenty.
+
+35 And let them gather u\) all the food of
+those good years that are coming, and lay u])
+
+
+""This is not an advice; for who authorized him to
+act as couns(dlor to the king? but it behmgs likewise to
+the interpretation; therefore had God at that time also
+shown him the seven years of famine, which would not
+happen till after the expiration of the seven years of
+plenty, in order to induce Pharaoh to look out an intelli-
+gent man to heap up corn for the suppoit of the people;
+ifbr if God iiad not now made him acquainted with the
+famine, he would not have been induced to heap up corn,
+and all would then have died in the fami)ic." — DuBNO.
+
+" Arnhcim leaves the Hebrew l^^x untranslated ; Ou-
+kelos renders it, "This is the fatiier of the king;" but
+
+
+corn under the hand of Pharaoh, as food in
+the cities, and keep the same.
+
+36 And that food shall be for a store to
+the land against the seven years of famine,
+which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the
+land be not cut ofi' through the ihmine.
+
+37 And the thing was good in the eyes of
+Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.
+
+38 And Pharaoh said unto his servants,
+Can we find such a one as this, a man in
+whom the spirit of God is ?'^'
+
+39 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Inas-
+much as God hath caused thee to know all
+this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou :
+
+40 Thou shalt be over my house, and ac-
+cording to thy word shall all my people be
+ruled; oidy in regard to the throne will 1 l)e
+greater than thou.
+
+41 And Pharaoh said inito Joseph, See, 1
+have set thee over all the land of Egypt.
+
+42 And Pharaoh took ofl" his ring from his
+hand, and put it upon Joseph's hand, and
+arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put
+a golden chain about his neck ;
+
+43 And he caused him to ride in the second
+chariot which he had ; and they cried Ijefore
+him. Bend the knee:'' and he placed him
+(thus) over all the land of Egypt.
+
+44 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I ;im
+Pharaoh; but without thee shall no man lilt
+up his hand or his foot in all the land of
+Egypt.
+
+45 And Pharaoh called Joseph's name
+Zaphenath-pa'neiich ;" and he gave him Asse-
+nath the daughter of Poti-phera', the priest'
+of On, lor wife. And Joseph went out OAcr
+all the land of Egypt.
+
+46 And Josejiii was tliirty years old when
+he stood before Pliaraoh the king of Egypt;
+and Joseph went out from the presence of
+Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land
+of Egypt.
+
+
+Mendelssohn, after other commentators, derives the word
+from nij "the knee," and assumes it to be in the impe-
+rative of the Iliphil, with the n instead of n, which would
+give us the words "bend the knee."
+
+" "Revealer of secret things," Ramb.an : according to
+others, however, the words are pure Egyptian, and mean
+"Saviour of the world," or "of the century."
+
+■* "Lord of On," Onkelos. This place was afterwards
+
+called by the Greeks " IleJiopolis," the "city of the sun;"
+
+by the llebrew.s, " Belli Siicmesh, " the house eif the sun."
+
+Oil is said to bo an I'lgyptian word, signifying "light,"
+
+i; or ''sun."
+
+
+GENESIS XLI. XLII. MICKETZ.
+
+
+47 And the earth brought forth iii the
+seven years of plenty Ijy handfuls."'
+
+48 And he gatliered up all the food of the
+seven years, which were in the land of Egypt,
+and laid up the food in the cities : the food of
+the field of the city, whicli was round about
+it, laid he up in the same.
+
+49 i\jid Joseph heaped up corn as the sand
+of the sea, very much ; until he left off num-
+Ijering, for it was witliout number.
+
+50 And unto Joseph were born two sons
+before the years of famine came, whom Asse-
+nath the daughter of Poti-phera' the priest
+of On, bore unto him.
+
+51 And Joseph called the name of the
+first>born Meuasseh :'' For God (said he) hath
+made me forget all my toil, and all my
+father's house.
+
+52 And the name of the second he called
+Ephraim;" For God (said he) hath caused me
+to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.'"
+
+53 And the seven years of plenty, that
+was in the land of Egy[5t, were ended.
+
+54 x\nd the seven years of famine began
+to come, just as Joseph had said; and there
+was famine in all the countries, but in all the
+land of Egypt there was bread.
+
+55 And when all the land of Egypt also felt
+hunger, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread :
+and Pharaoh vsaid unto all the Egy-ptians, Go
+unto Joseph ; what he saith to you. do.
+
+56 And the famine was over all the face
+of tlie earth : and Joseph opened all the store-
+houses,'' whei'ein corn was, and sold unto the
+Egyptians ; for the famine grew strong in the
+land of Egypt.
+
+57 And all the countries^ came into Egypt
+to buy corn of Joseph; because the famine
+was sore in all the countries.
+
+CHAPTER XLII.
+
+1 And when Jacoli saw that there was
+corn in Egy|)t, Jacob said unto his sons. Why
+do ye look at one another ?
+
+
+" That is, each grain of corn produced a handful of its
+kind.
+
+' MfiiaaJieJt, from nashoh, "to forgot."
+° Ephrai/im, horn paroh, "to be fruitful."
+■* Hcb. "All in which was;" the ellipses are supplied,
+according to Onkelos, first with "storehouses," and
+secondly, with "corn."
+
+' This term, which is also used in the preceding verse,
+and there rendered "all the earth," evidently is an hyper-
+bolical expression, and alludes to the parts of the earth
+
+
+2 And he said, Behold, I have heard that
+there is corn in Egy|)t; get you down thither,
+and buy lor us provision from there, that we
+may live, and not die.
+
+'6 And ten Ijrothers of Joseph went down
+to )juy corn in Eg^'pt.
+
+4 But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob
+sent not with his brothers ; for he said. Lest
+mischief befall him.
+
+5 And the sons of Israel came to buy corn
+among those that came; for the famine was
+in the land of Canaan.
+
+G And Joseph — he was the governor over
+the land, it was he that sold corn to all the
+people of the land ; and Joseph's brothers
+came, and bowed themselves down before him
+with the face to the earth.
+
+7 And Joseph saw his brothers, and he re-
+cognised them ; but made himself strange unto
+them, and spoke roughly unto them; and he
+said unto them. Whence come ye? And they
+said. From the land of Canaan to buy food.
+
+8 And Joseph recognised his brothers, but
+they recognised not him.
+
+9 And Joseph remembered the dreams
+which he had dreamed concerning them, and
+he said unto them. Ye are spies; to see the
+nakedness of the land are ye come.
+
+10 And they said unto him. No, my lord,
+thy servants are only come to l)uy food.
+
+11 We all are sons of one man; we are
+true men ; thy servants have never been
+spies.
+
+12 And he said unto them, No! but to see
+the nakedness of tlie land are ye come.
+
+13 And they said. We, thy servants, are
+twelve brothers, sons of one man in the land
+of Canaan ; and, behold, the youngest is this
+day with our father, and one is no more.
+
+14 And Joseph said unto them, It is' as I
+have spoken unto you, sa^-iug, Ye are spies ;
+
+15 Hereby shall ye he proved : By the life
+of Pharaoh, ye shall not go forth hence, except
+vour voungest brother come hither.
+
+
+contiguous to and having commercial intercourse with
+Egypt, such as Phcenicia, Palestine, and Arabia. Men-
+delssohn renders "all the people from the country around;"
+but Onkelos translates here ]nsn Sdi with n^'IN "T'T Sjl
+" all inhabitants of the earth :" still the sense is the same.
+' Joseph meant that the contradiction of which tliey
+were guilty, ]>roved the truth of his suspicion. First they
+were ten brothers, and immediately afterward twelve, and
+thus he pretended that he could place no confidence in
+their assertions.
+
+68
+
+
+GENESIS XLIi. MICKETZ.
+
+
+16 Send oue of jou, and let him letch jour
+brother, and ye shall be kept in jirison, that
+your words may be proved, whether the truth
+be with you; and if not, by the life of Pha^
+raoh, ye are surely spies.
+
+17 And he put them together into ward
+three days.
+
+18 And Joseph said unto them on the third
+day, This do, and live; I fear God.*
+
+19 If ye be true men, let one of your bro-
+thers remain imprisoned in the house of your
+confinement; but ye, go, carry home what
+you have bought for the want of your house-
+hold.
+
+20 But your youngest brother bring unto
+me; so shall your words be verified, and ye
+shall not die. And they did so.
+
+21 And they said one to another. Truly
+we are guilty" concerning our brother, in that
+we saw the anguish of his soul, when he be-
+sought us, and we would not hear; therefore
+is this distress come upon us.
+
+22 And Reiibeu answered them, saying,
+Did I not say unto you, thus, Do not sin
+against the child; and ye would not hear?
+and behold, his blood also is now required.
+
+23 And they knew not that Joseph under-
+stood them; for he spoke unto them by an
+interpreter.
+
+24 And he turned himself away from them,
+and wept; and returned to them again, and
+spoke with them, and took from them Simeon,
+and bound him before their eyes.
+
+25 And Joseph commanded to fill their
+sacks with corn, and to restore every man's
+money into his sack, and to give them pro-
+vision for the way; and he'' did unto them
+thus.
+
+26 And they loaded their asses with their
+corn, and departed thence.
+
+27 And one of them opened his sack to
+give his ass provender in the inn : when he
+espied his money, for, behold, it was in the
+mouth of his sack.
+
+28 And he said unto his brothers, My
+
+
+" " Truly we suffer punishment for nur brother's sake,
+whose anguish nf soul we saw," &c. — Arniieim.
+
+'' Probably alluding to the superintendent who is men-
+tioned hereaft(ir.
+
+° They no doubt suspected that the restoration of the
+money was not accidental ; hence they thought that it
+was a new infliction of punishment for their sins.
+
+^ Lit. " Over me have all these events been ;" meaning, I
+54
+
+
+money hath been restored ; and, lo, it is even
+in my sack : and their heart failed them, and
+they Avei'e afraid," saying one to another, What
+is this that God hath done unto us ?
+
+29 And they came unto Jacob their father
+unto the land of Canaan, and they told him
+all that had befallen them ; saying,
+
+30 The man, the lord of the land, spoke
+roughly to us, and took us as though we were
+espying the country.
+
+31 And we said unto him, We are true
+men ; we have never been spies :
+
+32 We are twelve brothers, sons of our
+father; the one is no more, and the youngest
+is this day with our father in the land of
+Canaan.
+
+33 And the man, the lord of the country,
+said unto us. Hereby shall I know that ye
+are true men : leave one of your brothers here
+with me, and (the food for) the want of your
+households take ye and be gone;
+
+34 And bring your youngest brother unto
+me; then shall I know that ye are no spies,
+but that ye are true men ; your brother I will
+give up to you, and in the land ye shall be
+allowed to traffic.
+
+35 And it came to pass as they were
+emptying their sacks, that, behold, every
+man's bundle of money was in his sack : and
+when they saw the bundles of their money,
+they and their father, they were afraid.
+
+36 And Jacob their father said unto
+them. Me ye have bereaved of my children :
+Joseph is gone, and Simeon is gone, and
+Benjamin ye will take away; all these things
+are against me.''
+
+37 And Reuben said unto his father, thus,
+Two of my sons shalt thou slay, if I Jjring
+him not to thee; deliver him into my hand,
+and I will bring him back to thee.
+
+38 And he said, My son shall not go down
+with you ; for his brother is dead, and he alone
+is left: and if mischief befall him by the
+way in which ye go, then will ye bi'ing down
+my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.
+
+
+alone have to suffer from all these events. Jacob perhaps
+suspected that his other sons, out of some wicked feeling,
+had left Joseph and Simeon to perish, and he thus up-
+braids them with their indifference to his sorrows. T/i<i/
+might regard little the perilling of the life of two brothers,
+and endangering that of another ; but he could not be cal-
+lous to the fate of those so dear to him.
+
+
+^
+
+
+GENESIS XLIII. MICKETZ.
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIII.
+
+1 And the fomine was sore in the land.
+
+2 And it came to pass, when they had
+completely eaten up the provisions" which they
+had brought out of Egypt, that their father
+said unto them. Go again, buy us a little
+food.
+
+3 And Judah said unto him, thus, The
+man did solemnly protest unto us, saying, Ye
+shall not see my fice, except your brother be
+with yon.
+
+4 If thou wilt send our brother with us,
+we will go down and buy thee food;
+
+5 But if thou sendest liini not, we will not
+go down ; for the man said unto us. Ye shall
+not see my face, except your brother be with
+you.
+
+6 And Israel said, Wherefore have ye dealt
+so ill with me, as to tell the man that ye have
+yet another brother?
+
+7 And they said. The man inquired par-
+ticularly concerning us, and our kindred, saj^-
+ing, Is your father yet alive ? have ye another
+brother? and we told him according to the |
+tenor of these words : could we possibly know |
+that he would say, Bring down your l^rother ?
+
+8 And Judah said unto Israel his father,
+Send the lad with me, and we will arise and
+go ; that we may live, and not die, l)oth we,
+and thou, as also our little ones. j
+
+9 I ^vill be surety for him ; from my hand
+shalt thou require him : if I bring him not '
+unto thee, and set him before thee, then shall j
+I have sinned against thee all the days.
+
+10 For, if we had not lingered, svirely we
+had now returned the second time.
+
+11 And their father Israel said unto them,
+If it must be so now, do this : take of the
+best'' products of the laud in j^our vessels, and
+carry down to the man a present, a little balm,
+and a little hone)-, spices, and lotus, pista^
+chio-nuts and almonds ;
+
+12 And twofold money take in your hand;
+and the money that was put back in the
+
+" 131? sheler has been rendereJ varyingly in the text,
+"corn," "provision," and "what hath been bought," as
+all signifying the same.
+
+' Heb. mot from ^0i " to sing," or " praise," meaning
+those things for which the laud is praised abroad. Phi-
+lippson remarks that the smallness of the present showed
+the simplicity of Jacob's notions of the ruler of Egypt, as
+he wished to propitiate him with a gift suitable perhaps
+to the petty chiefs of Palestine. So also with regard to
+
+
+mouth of 30U1* sacks, you must carry back in
+your hand; jseradventure it was an oversight;
+
+13 Also your brother take along, and arise,
+go again unto the man.
+
+14 And may God the Almighty give you
+mercy before the man, that he may send
+away to you 3-our other brother, and Ben-
+jamin. And I, if I am to be bereaved, let
+me be bereaved."
+
+15 And the men took that present; and
+twofold money they took in their hand, as
+also Benjamin; and they rose up, and went
+down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.'^'
+
+16 And when Joseph saw Benjamin with
+them, he said to the superintendent of his
+house. Bring these men into the house, and
+slay, and make ready ; for with me shall these
+men dine at noon.
+
+1 7 And the man did as Joseph had said ; and
+the man brought tlie men into Joseph's house.
+
+18 And the men were afraid, because they
+were brought into Joseph's house : and they
+said. Because of the money that came back
+in our sacks at the first time are we brought
+in ; that he may seek occasion against us, and
+fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, to-
+gether with our asses.
+
+19 And they came near to the mau who
+was appointed over Joseph's house, and they
+spoke with him at the door of the house,
+
+20 And they said, Pardon, my lord, we
+came down at the first time to buy food :
+
+21 And it came to pass, when we came to
+the inn, that we opened our sacks, and, be-
+hold, every man's money was in the mouth
+of his sack, our money in its full weight ; and
+we have brought it back in our hand.
+
+22 And other money have we brought
+down in our hand to buy food; we know not
+who hath put our mone}^ in our sacks.
+
+23 And he said. Peace be to you, fear not;
+your God, and the God of Aour father, hath
+given you a treasure in j-our sacks ; your
+money hath come to me. And he brought
+Simeon out unto them.
+
+
+the fear expressed by the brothers in v. 18, that their
+beasts might be seized.
+
+' This version is according to iMendelssohn. Onkelos
+renders the Hebrew words merely by synonymies. Arn-
+heira, however, adds the words in and nn>' and says, "I,
+however, am either way bereaved of my children." Be
+this as it may, it is an expression of resignation. (Compare
+with Esther iv. IG.)
+
+66
+
+
+GENESIS XLTII. XLIV. MICKETZ.
+
+
+24 And tlie man bi'ought the men into Jo-
+seph's house; and he gave them water, and
+they washed their feet, and he gave proven-
+der to their asses.
+
+25 And they made ready the present be-
+fore Joseph came home at noon ; for they had
+heard that they should eat bread there.
+
+26 And when Joseph came home, they
+brought him the present wliich was in their
+hand into the house, and bowed themselves
+to him to the earth.
+
+27 And he asked them after their welfare,
+and said, Is you old father well, of whom ye
+spoke ? is he yet alive ?
+
+28 And they answered, Thy servant, our
+father, is in good health, he is yet alive.
+And they bowed down their heads, and i^ro-
+strated themselves.
+
+29 And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his
+brother Benjamin, his mother's son, and said,
+Is this your youngest brother, of wliom ye
+spoke unto me? And he said, God be gra^
+cious unto thee, my son.''"
+
+30 And Joseph hastened away, for his af-
+fection toward his brother became enkindled,
+and he sought to weep ; and he entered into
+his chamber, and wejDt there.
+
+31 And he washed his face, and came out,
+and refrained himself, and said. Set on the
+bread."
+
+32 And they set on for him by himself,
+and for them by themselves; and for the
+Egyptians, who did eat with him, by them-
+selves; because the Egyptians may not eat
+bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomi-
+nation unto the Egyptians.
+
+33 And they sat before him, the first-l)orn
+according to his prior birth, and the youngest
+according to his youth;'' and the men mar-
+velled one at the otlier.
+
+34 And he sent portions' unto them from
+before him; but Benjamin's portion exceeded
+the portions of all of them fivefold. And
+they drank, and were merry with him.
+
+
+' Tn inndcrn plirase, "Put thn dinner nu tbe table."
+'■ Tliore can be no doubt df the correctness of the tradi-
+tion that Joseph ordered tlieni to sit down according to
+their age. Hence their astonishment. Perhaps, too, he
+may have pretended to divine with his silver cup, out of
+which he afterward drank.
+
+" This custom is explained by that yet prevailing in
+
+Persia, where the various things to be eaten are brought
+
+in on a large dish at once, and one dish is placed before
+
+two or three guests. Before a guest of high rank, or one
+
+5(;
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIV.
+
+1 And he commanded the supermtendent
+of his house, saying. Fill the sacks of these
+men with food, as much as they can carry,
+and put every man's money in the mouth of
+his sack.
+
+2 And my cup, the silver cup, thou shalt
+put in the mouth of the sack of the youngest,
+and the money for his corn. And he did ac-
+cording to the word of Joseph which he had
+spoken.
+
+3 As soon as the morning was light, the
+men were sent away, they and their asses.
+
+4 They were gone out of the city, not yet
+far ofl', when Joseph said unto the superin-
+tendent of his house. Up, follow after the
+men; and when thou hast overtaken them,
+say unto them. Wherefore have ye returned
+evil for good ?
+
+5 Is not this out of which my lord drink-
+eth, and whereby indeed he divineth ? ye have
+done evil in so doing.
+
+6 And he overtook them, and he spoke
+unto them these same words.
+
+7 And they said unto him, Wherefore will
+my lord speak such words as these ? God
+forbid that thy servants should do any thing
+like this.
+
+8 Behold the money, which we found in
+the mouth of our sacks, we brought back unto
+thee out of the land of Canaan : how then
+should we steal out of thy lord's house silver
+or gold?
+
+9 With whomsoever of thy servants it be
+found, let him die; and we also will be bond-
+men unto my lord.
+
+10 And he said. Now also let it be accord-
+ing to your words :* he with whom it is found
+shall Ije my servant; but ye shall be blame-
+less.
+
+11 And they made haste, and every one
+of them took down his sack to the ground,
+and every one opened his sack.
+
+
+whom the entertainer desires to distinguish, a particular
+dish is put, upon which one after the other, up to fifteen,
+different kinds of food are placed. — Philippson.
+
+^ " It is my wish that you prove yourselves as honest
+now as on the former occasion," is the explanation of Arn-
+heim, after Ab.\rbenel; but Rashi explains, "You are
+right, so is the law ; you are all guilty; if a thief is found
+with one of ten, they are all culpable ; but I will not act
+with you in strict justice, but only make the thief my
+bondman."
+
+
+GENESIS XLIV. XLV. VAYIGGASH.
+
+
+12 And he searclicd, at the eldest he be-
+gan, and at the youngest he left ofi'; and the
+cup was found in Benjamin's sack.
+
+13 Then they i*ent their clothes, and every
+one loaded his ass, and they returned to the
+city.='=
+
+14 And Judah and his brothers came into
+Joseph's house, and he was yet there; and
+they foil do-s^ai before him on the ground.
+
+15 And Joseph said unto them. What deed
+is this that ye have done ? knew ye not that
+such a man as I can certainly divine ?
+
+IG And Judah said, What shall we say
+unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how
+shall we justify ourselves? God hath found
+out the iniquity of thy servants : behold we
+are servants unto my lord, both Ave, as also
+he in whose hand tlie cup was found.
+
+17 And he said, God forbid that I should
+do this : the man in whose hand the cup was
+found, he shall be my servant; and as for
+you, go you up in peace unto your lather.
+
+Haphtorah in 1 Kings iii. 15 to iv. 1.
+
+
+SECTION XI. VAYIGGASH, CTI.
+
+18 ^ Then Judah came near unto him,
+and said, Pardon, my lord, let thy servant, I
+pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears,
+and let not thy anger bum against thy ser-
+vant; for thou art even as Pharaoh.
+
+19 My lord asked his servants, saying,
+Have ye a father, or a brother?
+
+20 And we said unto my lord. We have an
+old father, and a little" child born in his old
+age ; and his brother is dead, and he alone is
+left of his mother, and his father loveth him.
+
+21 And thou saidst unto thy servants.
+Bring him down unto me, that I may set my
+eye upon him.
+
+22 And we said unto my lord, The lad
+cannot leave his father; for if he should leave
+his father, he would die.
+
+23 And thou saidst unto thy servants. Ex-
+cept your youngest brother come down with
+you, ye shall not see my face any more.
+
+24 And it came to pass, when we came up
+unto thy servant my father, that we told him
+the words of my lord.
+
+' "Little," or "young," in comparison with his other
+brothers, all older than he.
+
+^ " His soul is bound to his soul." — Arnheim. " His
+<joul is as dear to him as his own soul." — Onkelos.
+
+
+25 And our father said, Go back, and buy
+us a little food.
+
+26 And we said, We cannot go down: if
+our youngest brother be with us, then will
+we go down ; for we cannot see the man's face,
+except our youngest bi'other be with us.
+
+27 And thy servant my father said unto
+us, Ye know that my wife bore me two sons;
+
+28 And the one went out from me, and I
+said. Surely he hath been torn in pieces; and
+I have not Seen him up to this time.
+
+29 And if ye take this one also from me,
+and mischief befall him, ye will bring down
+my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.
+
+30 And now, when I come to thy servant
+my father, and the lad be not with us ; seeing
+that his life'' is bound up in the lad's life ;*
+
+31 It will come to pass, that when he seeth
+that the lad is not with us, he will die : and
+thy servants would thus bring doAvn the gray
+hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow
+to the grave.
+
+32 For thy servant became surety for the
+lad unto my father, saying. If I bring him
+not unto thee, then shall I have sinned jigainst
+my father all the days.
+
+33 Now therefore, I pray thee, let thy
+servant aljide instead of the lad as bondman
+to my lord; and let the lad go up with his
+brothers.
+
+34 For how shall I go up to my father,
+and the lad be not with me? I should" per-
+haps be compelled to witness the evil which
+would come on my father.
+
+CHAPTER XLV.
+
+1 Then could Joseph not refrain himself
+before all those that stood by him ; and he
+cried. Cause every man to go out from me.
+And there remained no man with him, while
+Joseph made himself known unto his bro-
+thers.
+
+2 And he raised his voice in weeping ; and
+the Egyptians heai'd it, and the house of Pha-
+raoh heard it.
+
+3 And Joseph said unto his brothers, I am
+Joseph; doth my father yet live? And his
+brothers could not answer him ; for they were
+terrified at his presence.
+
+
+° Mendelssohn renders t-j as a negative : " I would not
+be able to look on the distress which would overt;ike my
+father." I have translated according to Onkelos.
+
+57
+
+
+GENESIS XLV. VAYIGGASH.
+
+
+4 And Joseph said unto his brothers, Come
+near to me, I pray you ; and they came near ;
+and he said, I am Joseph your brother, whom
+ye sokl into Egyj^t.
+
+5 But now be not grieved, nor be angry"
+with yourselves, that ye sold me hither; for
+in order to preserve life did God send me be-
+fore you.
+
+6 For these two years hath the famine
+been already in the land; and there are yet
+five years, in which there will be neither
+ploughing nor harvesting.
+
+7 And God hath thus sent me before you
+to prepare for you a permanence on the earth,
+and to save your lives by a great dehver-
+ance.*
+
+8 So now it was not you that sent me
+hither, but God; and he hath made me a
+father to Pharaoh,.and a lord for all his house,
+and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt.
+
+9 Haste ye, and go up to my father, and
+say unto him, Thus hath said thy son Jo-
+seph, God hath made me lord of all Egypt;
+come down unto me, tarry not.
+
+10 And thou shalt dwell in the land of
+Goshen, and thou shalt be near unto me, thou,
+and thy children, and thy children's children,
+and thy flocks, and thy herds, and all that is
+thine.
+
+11 And I will maintain thee there; for
+there are yet five years of famine ; lest thou,
+and thy household, and all that thou hast,
+come to poverty.
+
+12 And, behold, your own eyes see, and
+the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is
+my mouth'' that speaketh unto you.
+
+13 And ye shall tell my fixther of all my
+honour in Egypt, and of all that ye have
+seen ; and ye shall hasten and bring down my
+father hither.
+
+14 And he fell upon his brother Benja-
+min's neck, and wept; and Benjamin wept
+upon his neck.
+
+15 And he kissed all his brothers, and wept
+ujjon them ; and after that his brothers spoke
+with him.
+
+
+* Lit. " Let it not be grievous in your eyes."
+'' Before he spoke to tliom througli an interpreter ; but
+now he addressed them himself in their own Hebrew ; and
+this he justly thought must impress them with the con-
+viction that it was none but Joseph who spoke, and tbat
+there was no further deception pra(;tised on them by the
+capricious ruler of Egypt, as he had shown himself
+hith.'vto.
+53
+
+
+16 And the report thereof was heard m
+Pharaoh's house, saying, Joseph's brothers
+are come ; and it was pleasing in the eyes of
+Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants.
+
+17 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Say
+unto thy brothers. This do ye; load your
+beasts, and go, get you unto the land of Ca-
+naan ;
+
+18 And take your father and your house-
+holds, and come unto me; and I vnW give
+yoQ the best' of the land of Egypt, and ye
+shall eat the ftit of the land.*
+
+19 And thou art commanded,* This do ye,
+take unto yourselves out of the land of Egypt
+wagons for your little ones, and for your
+wives, and take up your father, and come.
+
+20 And do ye feel no concern" on account
+of your household goods ; for the best of all
+the land of Egypt is yours.
+
+21 And the children of Israel did so ; and
+Joseph gave them wagons, according to the
+command of Pharaoh ; and he gave them pro-
+vision for the way.
+
+22 To all of them he gave to each changes
+of raiment; but to Benjamin he gave three
+hundred pieces of silver, and five changes of
+raiment.
+
+23 And to his father he sent after this
+manner: ten asses laden with the best things
+of Egypt, and ten she-asses laden with corn
+and bread and other food for his father, for
+the journey.
+
+24 x\nd he accompanied' his brothers on
+tlie way, and they depai'ted : and he said unto
+them. Do not fall out by the way.
+
+25 And they went up out of Egypt, and came
+into the land of Canaan, unto Jacob their father.
+
+26 And they told him, sajing, Joseph is
+yet alive; and that he is governor over all
+the land of Egypt. But his heart remained
+cold, for he beheved them not.
+
+27 But when they told him all the words
+of Joseph, which he had said unto tliem; and
+when he saw the wagons which Joseph had
+sent to carry him : the spirit of Jacob their
+father revived.*
+
+
+° 310 " that which is pre-eminently good," i. r. the best.
+^ Arnheim thinks we ought to supply " to tell them."
+" Lit. " Let your eye have no pity on your vessels."
+' nh'ty in Piel, is generally rendered to dismiss, or to
+accompany one a part of the journey. The latter meaning
+is here the more correct, siuce no doubt Joseph showed
+them the rights of hospitality, which among the Hebrews
+require the host to go part of the way with his guests.
+
+
+GENESIS XLV. XLVI. VAYIGGASH.
+
+
+28 And Israel said, Enough; Joseph my
+sou is yet alive : I will go and see him before
+Idle.
+
+CHAPTER XLVI.
+
+1 And Israel commenced his journey with
+all that he had, and came to Beer-sheba, and
+oflered sacrifices unto the God of his father
+Isaac.
+
+2 And God spoke unto Israel in the visions"'
+of the night, and said, Jacob, Jacob. And he
+said. Here am I.
+
+3 And he said, I am God, the God of thy
+father; fear not to go down into Egypt; for a
+o;reat nation Avill I make of thee there :
+
+4 I will go down with thee into Egypt;
+and I will also surely bring thee up again ;
+and Joseph shall, put his hand upon thy
+eyes.
+
+5 And Jacob rose up from Beer-sheba : and
+the sons of Israel carried Jacob their father,
+and their little ones, and their wives, in the
+wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry
+him.
+
+6 And they took their cattle, and their
+goods, which they had gotten in the land of
+Canaan, and came into Egj^at; Jacob, and all
+his seed with him :
+
+7 His sons, and his sons' sons with him,
+his daughters,'' and his sons' daughters, and all
+his seed he brought with him into Egypt.
+
+8 ][ And these are the names of the chil-
+dren of Israel, that came into Egypt, Jacob
+and his sons : the tirst-born of Jacob, Reuben.
+
+9 And the sons of Reiiben : Chanoch, and
+Pallu, and Chezron, and Carmi.
+
+10 And the sons of Simeon : Yemuel, and
+Yamin, and Ohad, and Yachin, and Zochar,
+and Sliaiil the son of the Cauaanitish woman.
+
+11 And the sons of Levi: Gershon, Ke-
+hath, and Merari.
+
+12 And the sons of Judah : 'Er, and Onan,
+and Shelah, and Perez, and Zerach ; but 'Er
+and Onan died in the land of Canaan, and
+the sons of Perez were Chezron and Chamul.
+
+13 And the sons of Issachar: Tola, and
+Puvah, and Yob, and Shimron.
+
+
+' Onkelos and others, "vision."
+
+'' " His daughters" can refer only to Dinah, for he had
+no other daughter : the plural is used, as in the case of
+" the sons of Dan, Chushim," (v. 23,) to express the
+idea that, where others have several daughters or sons,
+Jacob had of the first one at least bearing the designation
+of a female child, as with Dan reference is had to the
+
+
+14 And the sons of Zebulun: Sered and
+Elon, and Yachleel.
+
+15 These are the sons of Leah, whom she
+bore unto Jacob m Padan-aram, with Dinah
+his daughter : all the souls of his sons and his
+daughters were thirty and three.
+
+16 And the sons of Gad: Ziphyon, and
+Chaggi, Shuni, and Ezbon, 'Eri, and Arodi,
+and Areli.
+
+17 And the sons of Asher: Yimnah, and
+Yishvah, and Yislivi, and Beriah, and Serach
+their sister ; and the sons of Beriah : Cheber,
+and Malkiel.
+
+18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom La-
+ban gave to Leah his daughter, and she bore
+these unto Jacob, sixteen souls.
+
+19 The sons of Rachel, Jacob's wife: Jo-
+seph, and Benjamin.
+
+20 And there were born unto Joseph in
+the land of Egypt jNIenasseh and Ephraim,
+whom Assenath the daughter of Poti phera',
+the priest of On, bore unto him.
+
+21 And the sons of Benjamin: Bela,
+and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman,
+Echi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Chuppim,
+and Ard.
+
+22 These are the sons of Rachel, that were
+born to Jacob: in all fourteen souls.
+
+23 And the sons of Dan : Chushim.
+
+24 And the sons of Naphtali: Yachzeel,
+and Guni, and Yezer, and Shillem.
+
+25 These are the sons of Bilhah, whom
+Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and
+she bore these unto Jacolj, in all seven souls.
+
+26 All the souls that came with Jacob
+into Egypt, that came out of his loins, besides
+the wives of Jacob's sons, were in all sixty
+and six souls.
+
+27 And the sons of Joseph, who Avere born
+him in Egypt, were two souls; all the souls
+of the house of Jacob, that came into Egypt,
+were seventy.*
+
+28 ][ And Judah he sent before him unto
+Joseph, to direct him" beforehand unto Go-
+shen ; and they came into the land of Goshen.
+
+29 And Joseph made ready* hi» chariot,
+and went up to meet Israel his father, to Go-
+similar circumstance of his being the father of at least
+one male offspring ; perhaps the term also includes his
+sons' wives.
+
+° " To prepare a place for him and to find out where he
+could settle." — Kasui after Onkelos.
+" Lit. " harnessed."
+
+69
+
+
+GENESIS XL VI. XLVII. VAYIGGASH.
+
+
+shell ; and when he obtained sight of him, he
+fell on his neck, and wept on his neck a good
+while.
+
+30 And Israel said unto Joseph, Let me
+die now, since I have seen thy face, that thou
+art yet alive.
+
+31 And Joseph said unto his brothers, and
+unto his father's house, I will go up, and tell
+Pharaoh, and say unto him. My brothers and
+my fixther's house, who were in the laud of
+Canaan, are come unto me;
+
+32 And the men are shepherds, for they
+have been o^vners of cattle;" and their flocks,
+and their herds, and all that they have, they
+have Ijrought along.
+
+33 And it shall come to pass, if Pharaoh
+should have you called, and say. What is your
+occupation ?
+
+34 That ye shall say, Owners of cattle
+have thy servants been from our youth even
+until now, both we, as also our fathers; in
+order that ye may dwell in the land of Go-
+shen; lor every shepherd is an abomination
+unto the Egyptians.
+
+CHAPTER XLVII.
+
+1 Then came Joseph and told Pharaoh,
+and said. My father and my brothers, and
+their flocks, and their herds, and all that
+they have, are come out of the land of Ca-
+naan; and, behold, they are in the land of
+Goshen.
+
+2 And he took some'' of his brothers, five
+men, and presented them before Pharaoh.
+
+3 And Pharaoh said unto his brothers,
+What is your occupation? And they said
+unto Pharaoh, Thy servants are shepherds,
+both we, as also our fathers.
+
+4 They said moreover unto Pharaoh, To
+sojourn in the land are we come; because
+there is no pasture for the flocks of thy ser-
+vants, for the famine is sore in the land of
+Canaan; and now let thy servants dwell, we
+pray thee, in the land of Goshen.
+
+5 And Pliaraoh said unto Joseph, thus,
+Thy father and thy brothers are come unto
+thee :
+
+6 The land of Egypt is before thee; in the
+
+■ Eng. vcr. "Their trade hath been to feed cattle."
+'' Moiidclssdlin rrndors nvpO " of the youngest," and
+according to tlic Talmud tlu^y were Zebulun, Dan, Napb-
+tali. Gad, and Ashcr; while the Midrash names Reuben,
+Simeon, Levi, Issachar, and Benjamin.
+
+" Ileb. "Ilowmany arc the days of the years uf thy lifer"'
+
+
+best of the laud let thy father and brothers
+dwell; let them dwell m the laud of Goshen;
+and if thou knowest that there are among
+them men of activity, then appoint them
+rulers over my cattle.
+
+7 And Joseph brought in Jacob his fiither,
+and placed him before Pharaoh; and Jacob
+blessed Pliaraoh.
+
+8 And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old
+art thou?"
+
+9 And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days
+of the years of my pilgrimage are one hun-
+dred and thirty years : few and evil have
+been the days of the years of my life, and
+have not attained unto the days of the years
+of the life of my fathers in the days of their
+pilgrimage.
+
+10 And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went
+out from before Pharaoh.'-'
+
+11 And Joseph assigned 2)laces of residence
+for his father and his brothers, and gave them
+a possession* in the land of Egypt, in the best
+of the land, in the land of Ra'meses, as Pha-
+raoh had commanded.
+
+12 And Joseph supplied his father, and his
+brothers, and all his father's household, with
+bread, in 23i"oportion to their families.
+
+13 And there was no bread in all the land ;
+for the famine was very sore; and the land
+of Egypt and the land of Canaan fainted by
+reason of the famine.
+
+14 And Joseph gathered up all the money
+that was found in the land of Egypt, and in
+the land of Canaan, for the corn which they
+bought; and Joseph brought the money into
+Pharaoh's house.
+
+15 And when the money failed in the land
+of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the
+Egyptians came unto Joseph, and said. Give
+us bread; for why should we die in thy pre-
+sence, since the money is all gone ?
+
+16 And Joseph said, Give up your cattle;
+and I Avill give you for your cattle, if the
+money be all gone.
+
+17 And they brought their cattle unto Jo-
+seph; and Joseph gave them bread in ex-
+change for horses, and for the flocks of sheep,
+and for the herds of cattle, and for the asses ;
+
+' They had merely asked permission to remain in
+
+
+Egypt during the fami
+
+
+but
+
+
+Pharaoh authorized
+
+
+their settling in Egypt, Joseph purchased them estates,
+that they might not he as strangers in the land." — After
+Ramba.n.
+
+
+GENESIS XLVir. XL VI II. YAYECHEE.
+
+
+and he supplied them with bread fur all their
+cattle fur that year.
+
+18 And when that year was ended, they
+came unto him in the second year, and said
+unto him. We will not hide it from my lord.
+how that our money with our herds of cattle
+hath entirely passed into the possession of my
+lord; there is naught left in the sight of my
+lord, but our bodies, and our land.
+
+19 Wherefore shall we die before- thy eyes,
+both we and our laud? buy us and our laud
+for bread; and we and our land will be ser-
+vants unto Pharaoh; and give us seed, that
+we may live, and not die, and that the laud
+be not i-endered desolate.
+
+20 And Joseph bought all the land of
+Egypt for Pharaoh; for the Egyptians sold
+every man his field, because the famine pre-
+vailed over them: so the land become Pha-
+raoh's.
+
+21 And as for the people, he removed them
+to the cities," from one end of the borders of
+Egypt even to the other end thereof.
+
+22 Only the laud of the priests bought he
+not; for the priests had a portion assigned
+them by Pharaoh, aud they ate their portion
+\vhich Pharaoh gave them: therefore they
+did not sell their laud.
+
+23 Then said Joseph unto the people. Be-
+hold, I have bought you this day and your
+laud for Pharaoh : lo, here is seed for you,
+aud sow ye the laud.
+
+24 And it shall come to pass in the har-
+vest times, that ye shall give the fifth part
+unto Pharaoh; and four parts shall l^e your
+own, for the seed of the field, aud for your
+fuud, aud for those belonging to your house-
+holds, aud for food for your little ones.'''
+
+25 And they said. Thou hast saved ovu*
+lives : let us but find grace in the eyes of mi-
+lord, and we will be Pharaoh's servants.
+
+26 And Joseph made it a stiitute unto
+this day over the land of Egypt, that Pharaoh
+should have the fifth part; except the land
+of the priests alone became not Pharaoh's.
+
+27 And Israel dwelt in the laud of Egypt,
+
+" " Because they had uo more property iu the land, he
+removed them to the towns," Arniiei.m after Abarba-
+NEL; and adds: "Von Bohlen exphiins hence the great
+number of towns, of wliich there were, according to Hero-
+dotus, twenty thousand in the Delta of the Nile."
+
+' "In order to swear that thou wilt deal," &c. — Arn-
+
+HEl.M.
+
+" This expression means merely the act of dying, thus,
+
+
+in the country of Goshen; and they had pos-
+sessions therein, and were fruitful, and mul-
+tiplied exceedingly.
+
+Ilapbtorah in Ezckicl xxxvii. 15 to 28.
+
+
+SECTION XII. VAYECIIEE, 'HO.
+
+28 And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt
+seventeen years : aud the days of Jacob, the
+years of his life, wei'e one hundred forty and
+seven years.
+
+29 And when the time of Israel dre\\' near
+that he was to die, he sent to call his sou
+Joseph, and said unto him. If uow I have
+found grace in thy eyes, put, I pray thee, thy
+hand under my thigh ;*" aud deal with me iu
+kindness aud truth; bury me not, I pray
+thee, iu Egypt.
+
+30 But when I shall lie" with my fathers,
+thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury
+me iu theii' buryiug-place. And he said, I
+will do as thou hast said.
+
+31 And he said. Swear unto me; aud he
+swore unto him ; and Israel bowed'' himself
+upon the head of the bed.
+
+CHAPTER XLVIII.
+
+1 And it came to pass after these things,
+that some one said to Joseph, Behold, thy
+father is sick ; aud he took his two sons with
+him, Menasseh and Ephraim.
+
+2 Aud some one told Jaculj, and said. Be-
+hold, thy son Joseph is coming unto thee;
+aud Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon
+the bed.
+
+3 And Jacob said unto Joseph, God, the
+Almighty, appeared unto me at Luz in the
+land of Canaan, and blessed me,
+
+4 Aud he said unto me. Behold, I will make
+thee fruitful, aud multiply thee, ajid I will
+niake of thee a multitude of people; aud I
+will give this land to thy seed after thee for
+on everlasting possession.
+
+■J And now thy two sons, who were born
+unto thee in the land of Egypt, before I came
+unto thee into Egypt, shall be mine ; Ephraim
+
+"When I at length shall die;" wherefore Philippson's
+rendering, " That I way lie with my fathers, carry me,"
+&c., is not necessary; since it;3N □>' in ^DBfl simply con-
+veys " that David fell asleep, in death, as his fathers had
+done;" for he was not buried at Beth-lcchem, their native
+place, but at Jerusalem.
+
+"^ i. c. "Iu gratitude to God."
+
+61
+
+
+GENESIS XLVIII. XLIX. VAYECHEE.
+
+
+and Menasseh shall be unto me as Reiiben
+and Simeon.
+
+6 And thy issue, which thou begettest
+after them, shall be thine, after the name of
+their brothers shall they be called in their in-
+heritance.
+
+7 And as for me, when I came from Padan,
+Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan on
+the way, when yet there was some distance
+to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her
+there on the way of Ej)hrath, the same is
+Beth-lechem.
+
+8 And Israel perceived the sons of Joseph,
+and said, Who are these?
+
+9 And Joseph said unto his father. They
+are my sons, whom God hath given me in
+this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray
+thee, unto me, and I will bless them.*
+
+10 Now the eyes of Israel were dim
+through age, he could not see;" and he
+brought them near unto him, and he kissed
+them, and embraced them.
+
+11 And Israel said unto Joseph, To see
+thy face I had not hoped; and, lo, God hath
+shown me also thy seed.
+
+12 And Joseph brought them out from be-
+tween his knees, and he bowed himself with
+his face to the earth.
+
+13 And Joseph took them both, Ephraim
+in his right hand toward Israel's left, and Me-
+nasseh in his left hand toward Israel's right,
+and brought them near unto him.
+
+14 And Israel stretched out his right hand,
+and laid it upon Ejjhraim's head, who was
+the younger, and his left hand upon Menas-
+seh's head; he laid his hands wittingly; al-
+though Menasseh was the first-born.
+
+15 And he blessed Joseph, and said. The
+God, before whom my fathei's Abraham and
+Isaac did walk, the God Avho fed'' me from my
+first being unto this day,
+
+IG The angel" who redeemed me from all
+evil, bless the lads; and let my name be
+called on them, and the name of my fathers
+
+' This is to say, Israel could perceive dimly the pre-
+sence of persons, without being able to sec distinctly.
+
+'' n;;in, literally, "Who fed me upon pastures," taking
+this word from his own pastoral life.
+
+° Dubno and Sfirno think that the words "may he
+send" should be supplied before "the angel;" meaning,
+"May God, who hath always protected me, send his mes-
+senger to bless the lads."
+
+^ Lit. "A fulness (if the nations," which may mean,
+"whose fame shall lill the books of nations;" so Itashi;
+Onkelos, "rulers of nations."
+C2
+
+
+Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into
+a multitude in the midst of the earth.*
+
+17 And when Joseph saw that his father
+would la}' his right hand upon the head of
+Ephraim, it displeased him : and he took hold
+of his father's hand, to remove it from the
+head of Ephraim unto the head of Menasseh.
+
+18 And Joseph said unto his father. Not
+so, my father; for this is the first-born, put
+thy right hand upon his head.
+
+19 And his father refused, and said, 1
+know, my son, I know, he also shall become
+a j^eople, and he also shall be great; but truly
+his younger brother shall be greater than he,
+and his seed shall become a multitude'' of
+nations.
+
+20 And he blessed them that day, saying,
+With thee shall Israel bless, saying, God
+make thee as Ephraim and Menasseh : and so
+he set Ephraim before Menasseh.
+
+21 And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I
+die ; but God will be with you, and bring you
+again unto the land of your fathers.
+
+22 Moreover I have given unto thee one
+portion above thy brothers, which I took° out
+of the hand of the Emorite with my sword
+and with my bow.'''
+
+CHAPTER XLIX.
+
+1 ][ And Jacob called unto his sons, and
+said. Gather yourselves together, that I may
+tell you that which shall befall you in the
+last days.
+
+2 Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye
+sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your
+lather.
+
+3 Reuben, thou art my first-born, my might,
+and the Ijeginning of my strength ; the excel-
+lency of dignity, and the excellency of power
+(should be thine).
+
+4 Unstable as water, thou shalt not have
+the excellence; because thou wentest up to
+thy father's bed; then defiledst thou the one
+who ascended' my couch.
+
+" Philippsou renders, "Which I shall have taken," re-
+ferring to the future conrjuest of I'alestine, since prophecy
+looks upon future events as already past.
+
+' Kamban and Arnhcini arc of opinion that the third
+person nSi' in the Hebrew text, refers to the speaker,
+viz. Jacob. Philippson renders, "then didst thou commit
+a viiiliitiou," and agrees with the English version, that
+vhy yfli^ is a sort of interjection, detining the cau.se of
+his displeasure, "he ascended ray couch;" but the opinion
+(if iianiLiaii appears more correct.
+
+
+GENESIS XLIX. VAYECHEE.
+
+
+5 ]f Simeon and Levi are brethren; wea-
+pons of violence are their swords.*
+
+6 Into their secret shall my soul not come ;
+unto their assembly my spirit shall not be
+united; for in their anger they slew the man,
+and in their self-will they lamed the ox.
+
+7 Cursed be their anger, for it is tierce;
+and their Avrath, for it is cruel : I will divide
+them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.
+
+8 ^ Judah, thou art the one thy brothers
+shall praise, thy hand shall be on the neck of
+thy enemies; thy father's children shall bow
+tlown unto thee.
+
+9 Lilce a lion's whelp, 0 Judah, from the
+prey, my son, thou risest: he stoopeth down,
+he croucheth as a lion, and as a lioness, who
+shall rouse him up?
+
+10 Tlie sceptre^ shall not depart from Ju-
+dah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet;
+until Shiloh come, and uuto him shall the
+gathering of the people he.
+
+11 He bindeth unto the vine his foal, and
+
+" After Kashi.
+
+" I have left this verse as it is in the Euglish version,
+inasmuch as it is according to Onkolos and Rashi, the
+firmer of whom renders nob}! "ij; 'niJ3 'JDO NliJDl, "and
+the scribe from his sons' sons for ever, until," &c. But
+Arnheim gives, "Till he of Shiloh cometh, and the
+obedience of the tribes be turned to him," and refers "he
+of Shiloh" to Achiyah, the prophet of Shiloh, who fore-
+told to Jeroboam that a part of the kingdom should be
+taken from Solomon and transferred to him, (1 Kings
+xi. 31,) which prediction afterward came to pass, when
+Rechoboam refused to redress the grievances of the people ;
+and "to him," then alludes to Jeroboam, to whom the
+tribes of Israel, here called D'0>',(see Gen. xlviii. •l,)were
+to turn from the house of David. Mendelssohn, in giving
+a simiewhat different version, refers to the same event.
+Others, again, give: "The sceptre shall not depart from
+Judah, nor the lawgiver from bis descendants for ever;
+because Shiloh shall come, and to him shall be the gather-
+ing of the nations." This version is predicated upon the
+words o Hi' being separated by a disjunctive accent, and
+thus stand for "for ever" and "because;" since the
+Yetib is a greater disjunctive than the Pesseek in 2 Sam.
+xxiii. 10. Philippson, the latest of our translators,
+renders : "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, the
+ruler's staff from between his feet, even then when he
+Cometh to Shiloh, and his shall be the obedience of the
+nations." In his comment he says, in substance, that to
+Judah is promised the rule and prominence in Israel,
+which was not to depart even when Joshua, the Ephraimite,
+should set up the tabernacle at Shiloh after the conquest
+of Palestine; so that 'd i;' does not signify alone "until,"
+but includes the time beyond the period stated, "even then
+when." — It is impossible in this work to go into various
+versions and opinions hazarded by commentators; but
+this much is certain, that Onkelos, the best translator the
+Pentateuch had for a long while, and who is not yet ex-
+celled, would not have added no'?;' ly if be had thought
+
+
+to the vine-branch his ass's colt; he washeth
+his garments in wine, and in the blood of
+grajses his clothes;
+
+12 His eyes shall be red from wine, and
+his teeth wliite from milk.
+
+13 ^ Zebulun shall dwell at the margin of
+the seas; and he shall be at the haven of
+ships; and his border shall be near to Zidon.
+
+14 ^ Issachar is a strong-boned ass, couch-
+ing down between the stables.
+
+15 And when he saw the resting-place that
+it was good, and the land that it was pleasant,
+he bent his shoulder to bear, and became a
+servant unto tribute. °
+
+16 ^ Dan shall judge"^ his people, as one
+of the tribes of Israel.
+
+17 Dan shall be a serpent by tlie way, an
+adder on the path, that biteth the horse in
+the heels, so that his rider falleth backward.
+
+18 For thy salvation, I ho^je, 0 Lord.*
+
+19 ^ Gad, troops will baud against him ;
+but he shall wound their heel."
+
+
+that it militated against the Jewish ftiith. The assump-
+tion that the sceptre was taken at a particular period,
+wherefore Shi/oh must have come then, is futile; since
+Judah had no rule during the .second temple, and with
+the blinding of Zedekiah, in the year of the world 3402,
+prior to the common era .^SG years, the kingdom or .sceptre
+of David became extinct; wherefore the alleged fulfilment
+came five hundred and eighty-six years too late. But
+believing Israelites, who confide in prophecy, do not think
+the sceptre totally departed from Judah; especially are the
+scribes, or those learned in the law, not lost from the as
+yet latest descendants of Israel. The sceptre will return
+when the Shiloh, the King Messiah, shall come, and to
+him shall be both the obedience and assemblage rif peojjle
+or nations, as D'0>' T\T\r>' is variously rendered. The plan
+of this work prohibits us from enlarging; but the pious
+and intelligent reader will have enough to satisfy all
+doubts.
+
+' Doubtlessly Jacob here contrasts Issachar with Zebu-
+lun: the latter was to be a merchant tribe, seeking for
+gain upon the ocean, going in quest of wealth; the former,
+on the contrary, laborious and patient, like the animal to
+which he is compared, who lies down at night near the
+stables when his work is done, was to prefer his beautiful
+land, full of all that can make agriculture profitable.
+Arnheim therefore renders the last word.s, "and yieldeth
+himself to the service of the labourer."
+
+■^ Arnheim renders J'T with " avenge."
+
+"Arnheim; making lU' "shall cut," or "wound,"
+( Dcut. xiv. - ; ) the verse refers then to the many wars which
+the border-tribe of Gad should have to wage successfully
+against their faithless heathen neighbours. Onkelos
+would require this version: "Those of the house of Gad
+shall pass in bands in advance of their brothers (over (ho
+Jordan) to the war, and with many goods shall they re-
+turn to their land." Jerusalem Targum : "and return in
+peace to their dwellings."
+
+
+GENESIS XLIX. L. VAYECHEE.
+
+
+20 Tf Out of Asher cometh fat bread, and
+he shall yield royal dainties.
+
+21 ^ Naphtali is (like) a fleet hind; he
+bringeth pleasant words.*
+
+22 ][ Joseph is a fruitful bough, a fruitful
+bough lay a spring ; the branches of which run
+over the wall.
+
+23 And they embittered his life, and they
+shot at him, and they hated lum, the men of
+the arrows.
+
+24 But his bow abode in strength, and his
+arms and his hands remained firm ; from^ the
+hands of the mighty God of Jacob, from there
+thou becamest the shepherd, the stone of
+Israel.
+
+25 From the God of thy father, who will
+help thee ; and from the Almighty, who will
+bless thee, with blessings of heaven above,
+with blessings of the deep that coucheth
+beneath, with blessings of the breasts, and
+of the womb;
+
+26 With the blessings of thy father that
+have excelled the lalessiugs of my progenitors
+unto the utmost bound of the everlasting
+hills : these shall be on the head of Joseph,
+and on the crown of the head of him that was
+se^jarated" from his brothers.'^
+
+27 Benjamin shall be as a wolf that
+rendeth:' in the morning he shall devour
+the prey, and at evening he shall divide the
+spoil.
+
+28 All these are the tribes of Israel, twelve
+in number; and this is what their father
+spoke unto them, and wherewith he blessed
+them; every one according to his proper
+blessing blessed he them.
+
+29 And he charged them and said unto
+them, I am to be gathered unto my people ;
+bury me near my fathers in the cave that is
+in the field of Ephron the Hittite,
+
+30 Li the cave that is in the field of Mach-
+pelah, which is before Mamr4, in the land
+of Canaan, which field Abraham bought of
+Ephron the Ilittite, for a possession as a bury-
+ing-place,
+
+31 (There they buried Abraham and Sarah
+
+
+" " He bringeth pleasant messages." — Philippson.
+
+'' Mendelssohn understands here, " this came to thee from
+I lie liunils," &c. Arnhciin takes pN as synonymous with
+"MX "rock," or " protector;" and it then means that, through
+the help of Jacob's mighty God, Jose])!! became the guar-
+dian and protector of Israel. I'hilippsim refers both terms
+to God, and translates, "from the iiaiids of the mighty
+God of Jacob, from the Sheidicrd, the Rock of Israel."
+64
+
+
+his wife; there they buried Isaac and Eebe-
+kah his wife; and there I buried Leah,)
+
+32 Purchasing the field and the cave
+that is therein from the children of Heth.
+
+33 And when Jacob had made an end of
+commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet
+into the bed; and he departed this life, and
+was gathered unto his peeple.
+
+CHAPTER L.
+
+1 And Joseph fell upon his father's face,
+and wept upon him, and kissed him.
+
+2 And Joseph commanded his servants the
+physicians to embalm his father: and the
+physicians embalmed Israel.
+
+3 And they fulfilled for him forty days;"
+for so they fulfil the days of those that are
+embalmed; and the Egyptians wept for him
+seventy days.
+
+4 And when the days of his mourning
+were past, Joseph sjaoke unto the house of
+Pharaoh, saying, K now I have found grace
+in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of
+Pharaoh, saying,
+
+5 My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I
+die; in my grave, which I have dug''^ for me
+in the laud of Canaan, there shalt thou bury
+me : now therefore let me go up, I pray thee,
+and I will bury my fixther, and return agahi.
+
+G And Pharaoh said. Go up, and bury thy
+father, as he hath made thee swear.
+
+7 And Joseph went up to bury his father,
+and there went up with him all the servants
+of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all
+the elders of the land of Egyi^t,
+
+8 And all the house of Joseph, and his
+brothers, and his fiither's house ; only their
+little ones, and their flocks, and their herds,
+they left behind in the land of Goshen.
+
+9 And there went up Avith him both cha-
+riots and horsemen ; and the encampment was
+very great.
+
+10 And they came to the thrashing-floor of
+Atad, which is beyond Jordan, and the}- held
+there a great and very sore lamentation ; and
+he made for his father a mourning of seven days.
+
+° Mendelssohn gives this with "crowned from among,"
+
+
+&c.
+
+
+i. e. His prey.
+
+
+* Meaning, the jirocoss of embalming occupied forty
+days; "and they fulfilled" then is, that the cmbalmers
+were for this period engaged in their labour.
+
+' "1 have acquired," according to some.
+
+
+GENESIS L. VAYECHEE.
+
+
+according
+
+
+11 And when the inhabitants of the land,
+the Canaanites, saw the mourning at the
+thrashing-floor of Atad, they said, This is a
+grievous mourning to the Egyptians ; where-
+fore the name of it was called Abel-mizrayim,"
+which is beyond the Jordan.''
+
+12 And his sons did unto him
+as he had commanded them ;
+
+13 And his sons carried him into the land
+of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the
+field of Machpelah, which fiek? Abraham
+bought for a possession, as a burying-place, of
+Epliron the Hittite, before Mamre.
+
+14 And Joseph returned unto Egypt, he,
+and his brothers, and all that were gone up
+with him to bury his father, after he had
+buried his father.
+
+15 And when Joseph's brothers saw that
+their father was dead, they said, Peradven-
+ture Joseph may now hate us ; and then he
+would certainly requite us all the evil which
+we have done unto him.
+
+IG And they sent word imto Joseph, say-
+ing, Thy father did command before his death,
+saying,
+
+17 So shall ye say unto Joseph, 0 forgive,
+I pray thee, the trespass of thy brothers, and
+their sin ; for evil have they done unto thee :
+and now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass
+of the servants of the God of thy father ; and
+Joseph wept when they spoke unto him.
+
+18 And his brothers also went and fell
+down before him ; and they said. Behold, we
+will be thy servants.
+
+19 And Joseph said unto them. Fear not ;
+for am I in the place of God ?
+
+20 But as for you, though ye thought evil
+against me, God meant it unto good; in order
+
+'' " Mourning of Egypt."
+
+'' According to R. Joseph Schwartz this means the
+ancient hed of the river to the south of the Dead Sea, as
+Joseph did not cross the present Jordan to the north of
+that lake.
+
+
+to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save
+alive a numerous people.*
+
+21 Now therefore fear ye not, I will suj>
+port you, and your little ones ; and he com-
+forted them, and spoke kindly unto them.
+
+22 And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and
+his father's house ; and Joseph lived one hun-
+dred and ten years.'-'
+
+23 And Joseph saw of Ephraim children
+of the third generation ; the children also of
+Machir the son of Menasseh were brought u^)
+upon Joseph's knees.
+
+21 And Joseph said unto his brothers, J
+shall die; but God will surely visit you, and
+lu'ing you up out of this land unto the land
+which he hath sworn to Abraham, to Isaac,
+and to Jacob.
+
+25 And Joseph caused the children of
+Israel to swear, saying, God will surely visit
+you, and then shall ye cany up my bones
+from here.
+
+26 So Joseph died, being one hundred and
+ten years old ; and they embalmed him, and
+he was pirt in a coffin in Egypt.
+
+Haphtorah in 1 Kings ii. 1 to 12.
+
+
+Note. — Haphtorah for the Sabliatli, if on the day before
+New Moon, is in 1 Samuel xx. 18 to 42.
+
+Reading for Maplitere for Sabbath and New Jloon,
+Numbers xsviii. 9 to 1.5.
+
+Haphtorah for Sabbath and New Moon in Isaiah Ivi.
+1 to 24.
+
+Haphtorah for Sabbath Chanukkah in Zechariah ii. 14
+to iv. 7.
+
+Haptorah for the second Sabbath Chanukkah in 1
+Kings vii. 40 to 50.
+
+When cither of the above is read on any Sabbath, the
+usual weekly Haphtorah is omitted. The same is the
+case with all other occasional Haphtorotli, which usually
+take the place of the regular ones.
+
+° This construction is according to Arnheim, rendering
+
+ityx and mBTi simply with "which field." He also ren-
+ders N13:2 'J3 S;' with "east of Mamrt'."
+
+
+«6
+
+
+THE BOOK OF EXODUS,
+
+SHEMOTH, mar,
+
+CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF THE ISRAELITES IN EGYPT, AND THEIR
+REDEMPTION, TO THE BUILDING OF THE TABERNACLE.
+
+
+SECTION XIII. SHEMOTH, mOC'.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ Now these are the names of the children
+of Israel, that came into Egypt ; with Jacob
+were they come, every man and his household.
+
+2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,
+
+3 Issachar, Zel^ulun, and Benjamin,
+
+4 Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
+
+5 And all the souls that came out of the
+loins of Jacob were seventy souls; together
+with Joseph who was already in Egypt.
+
+6 And Joseph died, with all his brothers,
+aiid all that generation.
+
+7 And the children of Israel were fruitful,
+and increased aljundantly, and multiplied,
+and waxed exceedingly mighty ; and the land
+was filled with them.
+
+8 ][ Now there rose up a new king over
+Egypt, who knew not Joseph.
+
+9 And he said unto his people. Behold, the
+people of the children of Israel is more nume-
+rous and mightier than we :
+
+10 Come on, let us deal wisely with it;
+lest it multiply, and it come to pass, that,
+when there happen to be a war, it join also
+unto our enemies, and fight against us, and
+de])art out of the land.
+
+11 And they thereupon did set over it
+taskmasters, to afflict it with their ))ni-den-
+some labours ; and it built treasure cities, for
+Pharaoh, Pitliom and Raamses.
+
+12 But in the measure that they afflicted
+the same, so it m\iltiplied and so it spread it-
+self out ; and they felt abhorrence because of
+the children of Israel.
+
+13 And the Egyptians compelled the chil-
+dren of Israel to labour with rigour :
+
+' D'J3X " the chair upon which women sit during child-
+birth" is used for the child itself that is born.
+
+'' ('. r. Vigorous; whercfdrc they re(mirc not the same
+care as the more feeble Egyptians ; iu consequence of
+
+
+14 And they made their lives bitter with
+hard labour, in mortar, and in bricks, and in
+all manner of labour in the field; besides all
+
+i their other service, wherein they made them
+labour with rigour.
+
+15 And the king of Egypt said to the He-
+brew midwives, of Avhom the name of the one
+was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah ;
+
+16 And he said, When ye do the office of
+a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall
+have due regard ujjon the birth :" if it be a
+son, then shall ye kill him ; but if it be a
+daughter, then may she live.
+
+17 But the midwives feared God, and they
+did not as the king of Eg_)i)t had connnanded
+them, but saved the men-children alive.^''
+
+18 And the king of Egypt called for the
+midwives, and he said unto them, Why have
+ye done this thing, and have saved the men-
+children alive ?
+
+19 And the midwives said unto Pharaoh,
+Because the Hebrew women are not as the
+Egyptian women ; for they are lively ;'' ere the
+midwife cometh in unto them they are deli-
+vered.
+
+20 And God dealt well with the midwives ;
+and the people multiplied, and waxed very
+mighty.
+
+21 And it came to pass, because the mid-
+wives feared God, that he made them houses."
+
+22 And Pharaoh charged all his jieople,
+saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast
+into the river, and every daughter ye shall
+save alive.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 And there went a man of the house of
+Levi, and took a daughter of Levi.
+
+
+which it would be impossible to slay the child unperceivcd
+by the mother.
+
+° i. e. He made them important, and founders of houses
+of renown iu Israel.
+
+
+EXODUS II. SHEMOTII.
+
+
+2 And the woman conceived, and bore a
+son; and when she saw him that he was a
+goodly* child, she hid him three months.
+
+3 And when she could no longer hide him,
+she took for him a box of bulrushes,'' and
+daubed it with slime and with pitch ; and she
+put the child therein, and laid it amidst the
+Hags by the brink of the river.
+
+4 And his sister placed herself afor off, to
+ascertain what would be done to him.
+
+5 And the daughter of Pharaoh" came
+down to wash herself at the river; and her
+maidens walked along by the side of the
+river; and when she saw the box among the
+flags, she sent her maid and fetched it.
+
+6 And she opened it, and saw the child,
+and, behold, it was a weeping boy; and she
+had compassicyi on him, and said. This is one
+of the Hebrews' children.
+
+7 Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daugh-
+ter, Shall I go and call thee a nurse of the
+Hebrew women, that she may nurse for thee
+the child?
+
+8 And Pharaoh's daughter said to lier. Go;
+and the maiden went and called the mother
+of the child.
+
+9 And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her,-
+Take away this child, and nurse him for me,
+and I will give thee thy wages; and the
+woman took the child, and nursed him.
+
+10 And the child grew up, and she brought
+him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he be-
+came to her as a son ; and she called his name
+Moses f and she said. Because out of the water
+have I drawn him.*
+
+11 And it came to pass in those days, when
+Moses was grown up, that he went out unto
+his brethren, and looked on their burdensome
+labours ; and he saw an Egyptian man smiting
+a Hebrew man, one of his brethren.
+
+12 And he looked this way and that way,
+and when he saw that there was no one by,
+he smote^ the Egyptian, and hid him in the
+sand.
+
+13 And when he went out the second day,
+
+' That is, handsome and well formed ; the word 3lD is
+often used in this sense.
+
+" Philippson renders, "papyrus rush," out of the stems
+of which boats are constructed, which attain at times im-
+mense speed in their propulsinn. They were called by
+Pliny papt/rarese 7iaves. See also NOJ ^'ij " vessels of
+bulrushes," Eng. ver., in Isaiah xviii. 2.
+
+° Wonderful providence ! that the daughter of the op-
+pressor should be made the instrument, through the very
+
+
+behold, two Hebrew men were striving to-
+gether; and he said unto him that was in the
+wrong. Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow?
+
+14 And he said. Who made thee a chief and
+a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as
+thou hast killed the Egyptian? And Moses
+feared, and said. Surely the thing is become
+known.
+
+15 And Pharaoh heard this thing, and he
+sought to slay Moses; but Moses fled from
+the face of Pharaoh, and tarried in the land
+of Midiau, and he sat down by a Avell.
+
+16 Now the priest of Midian had seven
+daughters; and they came and drew water,
+and filled the troughs to water their father's
+flock.
+
+1 7 And the shepherds came and drove them
+away; but Moses arose and helped them, and
+watered their flock.
+
+18 And when they came to Eeiiel their
+fatlier, he said. Wherefore are ye come home
+so soon to-day?
+
+19 And they said. An Egyptian man de-
+livered us out of the hand of the shepherds ;
+and he also drew water for us, and watered
+the flock.
+
+20 And he said unto his daughters. And
+where is he ? wherefore have ye left the man ?
+call him, that he may eat ])read.
+
+21 And Moses was content to dwell with
+the man; and he gave Zipporah his daughter
+to Moses.
+
+22 And she bore a son, and he called
+his name Gershom f for he said, I ha\'e been
+a stranger in a foreign land.
+
+23 ^ And it came to pass in this long
+time, that the king of Egypt died; and the
+children of Israel sighed by reason of the
+bondage, and they cried ; and their complaint
+came up unto God by reason of the bondage.
+
+24 And God heard their groaning, and
+God remembered his covenant v/ith Abraham,
+with Isaac, and with Jacob.
+
+25 And God looked upon the children of
+Israel, and God took cognizance of them.*'''
+
+decree of exterminating the male Israelites, to educate
+the future deliverer of his people.
+
+'' " Mosheh," fnuu nty^ nuishcJi, '• to draw forth."
+" Lit. " he smote," not " he slew."
+' Gfr, a " stranger ;" and sJiahm, " there."
+^ " He turned his attention to them and did not nvi^rt
+his eyes," Rashi ; that is, he noted their sorrows and re-
+solved to redeem them.
+
+67
+
+
+EXODUS III. SHEMOTH.
+
+
+CHAPTER Hi.
+
+1 ^ And Moses was keeping the flock of
+Jittiro his father-in-hiw, the priest of Midian;
+and he led the flock far away into the desert,
+and came to the mountain of God, to Choreb.
+
+2 And an angel" of the Lord appeared unto
+him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a
+thorn-bush; and he looked, and, behold, the
+thorn-bush was burning with fire, ]:)ut the
+thorn-bush was not consumed.
+
+3 And Moses said, I must turn aside, and
+see this great sight, why the tliorn-luish is not
+bunit.
+
+4 And when tlie Lord saw that he turned
+aside to see, God called unto him out of the
+midst of the thorn-bush, and said, Moses,
+Moses; and he said, Here am I.
+
+5 And he said, Draw not nigh hither ; put
+oif thy shoes from off thy feet; for the place
+whereon thou standest is holy ground.
+
+6 And he said, I am the God of thy father,
+the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and
+the God of Jacob ; and Moses hid his face ; for
+he was afraid to look up to God.
+
+7 And the Lord said, I have truly seen
+the alHiction of my people that is in Egypt,
+and have heard its cry by reason of its task-
+masters; yea, I know its sorrows;
+
+8 And I am come down to deliver it out
+of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring it
+up out of that land unto a land, good and
+large, unto a land flowing with milk and ho-
+ney; unto the place of the Canaanites, and
+the Ilittites, and the Emorites, and the Periz-
+zites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
+
+9 Now therefore, behold, the cry of the
+children of Israel is come unto me: and I
+have also seen the oppression wherewith the
+Egyptians oppress them.
+
+10 And now then go, and I will send thee
+unto Pharaoh, and thou slialt bring Ibrth my
+people the children of Israel out of Egypt.
+
+
+* The angel who appeared to Moses does not address
+liiiii: the bodily appearance of the peculiar conflagration,
+was to arrest his attention ; but immediately after, when
+Moses attempted to inspect it more closely, he is arrested
+by the Divine word, proceeding without a mediator, and
+\h'. is thus called to commence his great mission by the
+Supreme himself.
+
+'' Arnhcim translates this passage, "I will be that I
+am." It is very simple in its construction: still it is exceed-
+ingly difficult to cdiivey (lie wliole force of the idea by any
+words in a translation. Tlie Ijord announces iiiniself as
+68
+
+
+11 And Moses said unto God, Who am I,
+that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I
+should bring forth the children of Israel out
+of Egypt?
+
+12 And he said. Because I will be with
+thee; and this shall be unto thee the token,
+that I have sent thee : when thou hast
+brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye
+shall serve God upon this mountain.
+
+13 And Moses said unto God, Behold, if
+I come unto the children of Israel, and say
+unto them. The God of your fathers hath
+sent me unto you ; and they then say to me,
+What is his name? what shall I say unto
+them ?
+
+14 And God said unto Moses, I will be
+THAT I WILL BE:'' and he said, Thus shalt
+thou say unto the children of Israel, I will
+BE hath sent me unto you.
+
+15 And God said moreover unto Moses,
+Thus shalt thou say unto the children of
+Israel, The Everlasting One, the God of
+3^our fathers, the God of Abraham, the God
+of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me
+unto you : this is my name for ever, and this
+is my memorial" unto all generations.*
+
+• 16 Go, and assemble the elders of Israel,
+and say unto them, The Everlasting One, the
+God of 3'our fathers, the God of Abraham, of
+Isaac, and of Jacob, hath appear,ed unto me,
+saying, I have surely taken cognizance of you
+and of that which is done to you in Egypt:
+
+17 And I have said, I will bring you up
+out of the affliction of Egyjit, unto the land
+of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the
+Emorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites,
+and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with
+milk and honey.
+
+18 And they will hearken to thy voice:
+and thou shalt come, thou and the elders of
+Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall
+say unto him, The Everlasting One, the God
+of the Hebrews hath met with us ; and now
+
+
+the Being who will ever be, as he was and as he is. In
+truth, the word is nothing but the future tense first person
+singular of the verb rrri "to be." In the second part of
+the verse, tliereforc, Arnheim gives it simply as the name
+of God, without translating it: "Ehyeh hath sent me to
+you." In this new name, which God assumes to denote
+his eternity, we have the second revelation of his being
+and quality. (See above, Gen. xvii. 1.)
+
+° This means, say the commentators, that God taught
+IMoses how to pronounce the nam^ of four letters, which
+is read Adonay, and not as it is written.
+
+
+i
+
+
+EXODUS III. TV. SHEMOTH.
+
+
+let us go, we beseech thee, a three days'
+journey into the wilderness, that we may
+sacrifice to the Lokd our God.
+
+19 But I am sure that the king of Egypt
+will not let you go, unless it happen through
+a mighty hand."
+
+20 And I will stretch out my hand, and
+smite Egypt with all my wonders which I
+,vill do in the midst thereof; and after that
+he will let you go.
+
+21 And I will give this people favour in
+the eyes of the Egyptians; and it shall come
+to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go
+empty :
+
+22 But every woman .shall ask of her
+neighbour, and of her that sojourneth in her
+house, vessels of silver', and vessels of gold,
+and garments; and ye shall put them upon
+your sons, and upon your daughters; and ye
+shall empty out Egypt.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 And Moses answered and said, But, be-
+hold, they will not believe me, nor hearken
+unto my voice; for they will say. The Lord
+hath not appeared unto thee.
+
+2 And the Lord said unto him. What is
+that in thy hand? and he said, A staff.
+
+3 And he said, Cast it on the ground; and
+he cast it on the ground, and it became a ser-
+pent; and Moses tied from before it.
+
+4 And the Lord said unto Moses, Put forth
+thy hand, and grasp it by the tail; and he
+put forth his hand, and laid hold of it, and it
+became a stafi' in his hand.
+
+5 In order that they may believe that
+there hath appeared unto thee the Everlast-
+ing One, the God of their fathers, the God of
+Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of
+Jacob.
+
+6 And the Lord said farthermore unto
+him. Do put thy hand into thy bosom: and
+he put his hand into his bosom; and when
+he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous,
+white'' as snow.
+
+7 And he said. Put thy hand again into
+
+' Kasbi; others, after the literal text, "and not even
+through a mighty hand."
+
+' Heb. "Leprous like snow."
+
+° Sips probably means "the report," to wit, which
+Moses would bring of the wonders which he had seen;
+hence it says properly, if tvords should not convince them,
+he should show them something before their eyes. — Arn-
+HEIM after Rashi.
+
+
+thy bosom: and he put his hand again into
+his bosom ; and when he pulled it out of his
+bosom, behold, it was turned again as his
+other flesh.
+
+8 And it shall come to pass, if they will
+not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice"
+of the first sign, that they will believe the
+voice of the latter sign.
+
+9 And it shall come to pass, if they will
+not believe also these two signs, and will not
+hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take
+of the water of the river, and pour it upon
+the dry land: and the water which thou shalt
+take out of the river shall become blood upon
+the dry land.
+
+10 And Moses said unto the Lord, Pardon,
+0 Lord, I am not a man of words, neither
+yesterday, nor the day before, nor since thou
+hast spoken unto thy servant; for I am heavy
+of speech, and heavy of tongue.
+
+11 And the Lord said unto him, Who hath
+given a mouth to man? or who maketh him
+dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? is it not I
+the Lord?
+
+12 Now therefore go, and I ^\•ill be -with
+thy mouth, and I will teach thee what thou
+shalt speak.
+
+1-3 And he said, Pardon, 0 Lord, send, I
+pray thee, by the hand of him ^vhom thou
+wouldst' send.
+
+14 And the auger of the Lord was kindled
+against Moses, and he said. Is there not
+Aaron, thy brother, the Levite? I know that
+he can speak well; and also, Ixdiold, he
+cometh forth to meet thee; and when he
+seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart.
+
+15 And thou shalt speak unto him, and put
+the words in his mouth : and I will l)e with
+thy mouth, and with his mouth, and I will
+teach you what ye shall do.
+
+16 And he shall speak for thee unto the
+peojDle; and he shall be, yea he shall be to
+thee as a mouth, and thou shalt be to him as
+a god."
+
+17 And this staft' shalt thou take in thy
+hand, wherewith thou shalt do the signs.'-'
+
+'' Onkelos renders, "who is worthy of being sent."
+° Moses should give to Aaron instruction how to speak,
+consequently he would be to him what God was to Moses,
+instructor; and again, Aaron was to be the mouth of
+Moses, by telling the people what had been intrusted to
+him, and which he himself could not tell on account cf
+his difficulty of speech.
+
+69
+
+
+EXODUS IV. V. SHEMOTH.
+
+
+18 "H And Moses went and returned to
+Jether Ids father-in-law, and said unto him,
+Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my
+bi'ethren that are in Egypt, and see whether
+they be yet alive ; and Jithro said to Moses,
+Go in peace.
+
+19 And the Lord said unto Moses in Mi-
+dian. Go, return into Egypt; for all the men
+are dead who sought thy life.
+
+20 And Moses took his wife and his sons,
+and set them upon an ass, and he returned to
+the land of Egypt; and Moses took the staff
+of God in his hand.
+
+21 And the Lord said unto Moses, When
+thou goest to return into Egypt, regard well
+all the wonders which I have put in thy
+hand, and do them before Pharaoh ; but I will
+hai'den his heart, and he will not let the
+people go.
+
+22 And thou shalt say unto Pharoah, Thus
+hath said the Lord, My son, my first-born,
+is Israel.
+
+23 And I said unto thee. Let my son go,
+that he may serve me; and thou refusest to
+let him go; so, behold, I will slay thy son,
+thy first-born.
+
+24 And as he was on the journey in the
+inn, the Lord met him, and sought to kill
+him.
+
+25 Then took Zipporah a sharp instru-
+ment,^ and cut off the foreskin of her son,
+and cast it at his feet, and said. Surely a
+bloody relative*" art thou to me.
+
+20 And then he withdi'ew from him; when
+she said, A bloody relative, but only in re-
+sjiect of the circumcision.
+
+27 ^ And the Lord said to Aaron, Go
+to meet Moses, into the wilderness; and he
+went and met him by the mount of God, and
+kissed him.
+
+28 And Moses told Aaron all the words
+of the Lord wherewith he had sent him,
+and all the signs which he had commanded
+him.
+
+29 And Moses and Aaron went and assem-
+bled all the elders of the children ol" Israel :
+
+30 And Aaron spoke all the words which
+
+
+* Aben Ezra and Kashbam ; others render, " a sharp
+Btone."
+
+'' This was said to the child, as endangering the life of
+Moses; but the blood was at length only that of circum-
+cision.
+
+° "Prostrated themselves;" but as this was the method
+70
+
+
+the Lord had sjjoken unto Moses; and he did
+the signs before the eyes of the peojile.
+
+31 And the people believed: and when
+they heard that the Lord had visited the chil-
+dren of Israel, and that he had looked upon
+their affliction, then they bowed their heads
+and worshipped."*
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 And after that Moses and Aaron went
+in, and said unto Pharaoh, Thus hath said
+the Everlasting One, the God of Israel, Let
+my people go, that they may hold a feast
+unto me in the wilderness.
+
+2 And Pharaoh said, Wlio is the Everlast-
+ing, whose voice I am to obey, to let Israel
+go? I know not the Everlasting, nor will I
+let Israel go.
+
+3 And they said. The God of the Hebrews
+hath met with us : let us go, we pray thee, a
+three daj^s' journey into the desert, and sacri-
+fice unto the Lord our God ; lest he fall upon
+us with the pestilence, or with the sword.
+
+4 And the king of Egypt said unto them.
+Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, hinder
+the people from their works? get you unto
+your own affairs.''
+
+5 And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of
+the land now are many, and ye disturb" them
+in the pursuit of their labours.
+
+6 And Pharaoh commanded on the same
+day the taskmasters of the people, and its of-
+ficers, saying,
+
+7 Ye shall no more give the people straw
+to make the bricks, as yesterday and the day
+before ; they themselves shall go and gather
+themselves straw.
+
+8 And the number of the bricks, which
+they did make heretofore,*^ ye shall impose
+upon them, ye shall not diminish aught
+thereof; for they are idle ; therefore they cry,
+saying. Let us go and sacrifice to our God.
+
+9 Let the work be made to lie heavily upon
+the men, that they may have enough to do
+therein; and that they may not pay attention
+to false words.
+
+10 And the taskmasters of the people and
+
+
+of worship, the word "worshipped" has been retained, as
+
+in the common version.
+" Rasiii.
+
+" Lit. "Cause them to rest from their burdens."
+' Heb. "Yesterday and the day before yesterday."
+
+
+EXODUS V. VI. VAAYRAH.
+
+
+its officers went out, and they said to the
+people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoli, I will
+not give j-ou any straw.
+
+11 Go ye, get jourselves straw from wher-
+ever ye can find it ; yet not the least shall be
+taken off from your work.
+
+12 And the j^eople scattered themselves
+abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to
+gather stubble instead of straw.
+
+13 And the taskmasters were urgent, say-
+ing, Fulfil 3'our works, every day its due por-
+tion, just as when there was straw.
+
+14 And the officex's of the children of
+Israel, whom the taskmasters of Pharaoh had
+set over them, were beaten, as these said,
+Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in
+making brick as heretofore, both yesterday
+and to-day?
+
+15 And the officers of the children of
+Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying,
+Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy ser-
+vants ?
+
+16 Straw is not given unto thy servants,
+and. Make bricks, say they to us: and, be-
+hold, thy servants are beat«n, and thy people
+are treated as sinners.
+
+17 But he said. Idle are ye, idle; therefore
+say ye. Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.
+
+18 And now go, work, and straw shall not
+be given you; yet the required number of
+bricks shall ye deliver.
+
+19 And the officers of the children of Israel
+saw themselves in the evil necessity to say.
+Ye shall not diminish aught from 3'our bricks,
+every day of its task.
+
+20 And they met Moses and Aaron, stand-
+ing in their way, as they came forth from
+Pharaoh.
+
+21 And they said unto them. May the
+Lord look upon you, and judge; because ye
+have made our savour to be abhorred in
+the eyes of Pharaoh, and the eyes of his
+servants, to put a sword in their hand to
+slay us.*
+
+22 And Moses returned unto the Lord, and
+
+
+° Aben Ezra supplies here, "aloue," meaniug, sometimes
+it was as the Almighty, while at others as the Eternal, that
+God spoke to the patriarchs. Jonathan says, "And by my
+name, the Lord, through the evident appearance of my
+glory, (see Numb. sii. 6,) I became not known to them."
+Perhaps it may mean, however, that God made himself
+known to the patriarchs as the Ruler of all things, but not
+as the Merciful and sure Rewarder of all deeds: they
+might have recognised Him so from his bounties; but now
+
+
+said, Lord, wherefore hast thou let so much
+evil come upon this people? why is it that
+thou hast sent me?
+
+23 For, since I came unto Pharaoh to
+speak in thy name, he hath done more evil
+to this people; but thou hast in nowise de-
+livered thy people.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 Then said the Lord unto Moses, Now
+shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh ; for
+with a strong hand shall he send them aA\'ay,
+and Avith a strong liand shall he drive them
+out of his land.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah xxvii. 6 to xxviii. 13, and v. 22 and 23 of
+xxix. The Portuguese read Jeremiah i. 1 to ii. 3.
+
+
+SECTION XIV. VAAYEAH, N1N1.
+
+2 Tl And God spoke unto Moses, and said
+unto him, I am the Lord :
+
+3 And I appeared unto Aljraham, unto
+Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God,
+the Almighty, but by my name The Eter-
+nal" was I not made kno-wm to them.
+
+4 And as I did also establish my covenant
+with them, to give unto them the land of
+Canaan, tlie land of their pilgrimage, wherein
+they sojourned:
+
+5 So have I also heard the groaning of the
+children of Israel, whom the Egyptians com-
+pel to labour; and I have remembei'ed my
+covenant.
+
+6 Therefore say unto the children of Israel,
+I am the Eternal, and I will bring you out
+from under the burdens* of the Egyptians,
+and I will release you from their bondage,
+and I will redeem you with an outstretched
+ann, and with great judgments :
+
+7 And I will take you to me for a people,
+and I will be to you for a God; and ye slinll
+know that I am the Lord" your God, who
+bringeth you out from under the burdens of
+the Egyptians.
+
+8 And I will bring you in unto the land.
+
+
+this knowledge was bcstoired on mankind as a new source
+of hope and confidence.
+
+" The same word has been rendered above with "bur-
+densome labour," in which sense it must be understood
+throughout.
+
+° The reader will please to recollect what is stated in a
+note to Genesis ii. 4, that the word Lord (so printed ) is
+used in this version as equivalent to Eternal, to prevmt
+the frequent repetition of the last term.
+
+
+EXODUS VI. VII. VAAYRAH.
+
+
+concerning which I did lift up my hand" to
+give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob;
+and I Avill give it you for an heritage : I am
+the Lord.
+
+9 And Moses sjioke thus unto the children
+of Israel ; but they hearkened not unto Moses
+for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage.
+
+10 "f[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+11 Go in, speak unto Pharaoh the king
+of Egypt, that he sliall let the children of
+Israel go out of his land.
+
+12 And Moses spoke before the Lord, say-
+ing, Behold, the childi'en of Israel have not
+hearkened unto me : how then shall Phai'aoh
+hear me, whereas I am of uncircumcised^
+lips?
+
+13 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the
+children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh, the
+king of Egy|]t, to bring forth the children of
+Israel out of the land of Egypt.*
+
+14 Tf These are the heads of their family
+divisions : The sons of Reiiben the firs1>born
+of Israel: Chanoch, and Pallu, Chezron, and
+Carmi; these are the families of Reuben.
+
+15 And the sons of Simeon : Yemuel, and
+Yamin, and Ohad, and Yachin, and Zochar,
+and Shaiil the son of the Canaanitish woman ;
+these are the families of Simeon.
+
+16 And these are the names of the sons of
+Levi according to their generations : Gershon,
+and Kehath, and Merari; and the years of
+the life of Levi were one hundred and thirty
+and seven years.
+
+17 The sons of Gershon : Libni, and Shimi,
+according to their families.
+
+18 And the sons of Kehath: Amram, and
+Yizhar, and Chebron, and 'Uzziel; and the
+years of the life of Kehath Avere one hundred
+and thirty and three years.
+
+19 And the sons of Merari: Machli and
+Mushi; these are the families of Levi accord-
+ing to their generations.
+
+20 And Amram took himself Yochebed his
+aunt for wife ; and she bore unto him Aaron"
+
+* That is, "I did swear," as an oath is taken by the
+lifting up of the hand.
+
+"" The word " uncircumcised," among Israelites, denotes
+always an imperfection; so "uncircumcised of lips" means
+a difficulty in speaking, "uncircumcised of heart," an im-
+purity of thought and a state of disobedience. Whereas
+"circumcised" denotes the opposite state of pcrfectness or
+purity.
+
+72
+
+
+and Moses; and the years of the life of Am-
+ram were one hundred and thirty and seven
+years.
+
+21 And the sons of Yizhar: Korach, and
+Nepheg, and Zichri."*
+
+22 And the sons of 'Uzziel : Mishael, and
+Elzajihan, and Sithri.
+
+23 And Aaron took himself Elisheba,
+daughter of Amminadab, sister of Nachshon,
+for wife; and she bore unto him Nadab, and
+Abihu, Elazar, and Ithamar.
+
+24 And the sons of Korach: Assir, and
+Elkanah, and Abiassaph; these are the fami-
+lies of the Korchites.
+
+25 And Elazar the son of Aaron took him-
+self one of the daughters of Putiel for wife;
+and she bore unto him Phinehas:'' these are
+the heads of the divisions of the Levites ac-
+cording to their families.
+
+26 These are Aaron and Moses/ to whom
+the Lord said. Bring forth the children of
+Israel out of the land of Egypt according to
+their armies.
+
+27 These are they that spoke to Pharaoh
+the king of Egypt, to bring forth the children
+of Israel out of Egypt : these are Moses and
+Aaron.
+
+28 And it came to jDass on the day when
+the Lord sjioke unto Moses m the land of
+Egypt.*
+
+29 ^ Then spoke the Lord unto Moses, say-
+ing, I am the Lord ; speak thou unto Pharaoh
+the king of Egypt all that I speak unto thee.
+
+30 And Moses said before the Lord, Be-
+hold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how
+shall Pharaoh hearken unto me?
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, See, I
+have made thee a god to Pharaoh; and Aaron
+thy brother shall be thy prophet.
+
+2 Thou shalt speak all that I shall com-
+mand thee; and Aaron thy brother shall
+speak unto Pharaoh, that he send away the
+children of Israel out of his land.
+
+3 And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh,
+
+° Properly, "Aharon."
+
+^ Eng. ver. " Zithri," which is incorrect.
+
+' Properly, " Pincchas."
+
+' This genealogy is here given merely to show the de-
+scent of Moses and Aaron, as they were made the special
+instruments of Israel's redemption, or to exhibit, that
+anion;: all cnumoratcd Moses was the most deservina to
+fulfil this mission.
+
+
+i
+
+
+REUEKA^H AT THE WELL.
+
+
+EXODUS VII. VAAYRAH.
+
+
+and I will multipl}- iiiy .signs and my wonders
+in the land of Egypt.
+
+4 And Pharaoh will not liearken nnto yon,
+and I will lay my hand upon Egypt, and
+bring forth my armies, my people, the chil-
+dren of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by
+means of great judgments.
+
+5 And the Egyptians shall know that I am
+the LoKD. when I stretch forth my hand over
+Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel
+fi-om the midst of them.
+
+G And Moses and Aaron did so; as the
+Lord connnanded them, so did the}-.
+
+7 And Moses was eighty years old, and
+Aaron eighty and three years old, when they
+spoke unto Pharaoh.'-'
+
+8 *I| And the Lord said unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, saying,
+
+'.) If Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying,
+Show a miracle for yourselves rHhen shalt thou
+say unto Aaron. Take thy staff' and cast it
+down before Pharaoh; it shall become a serpent.
+
+10 And Moses and Aaron went in unto
+Pharaoh, and they tlid so, as the Lohd had
+commanded ; and Aaron cast down his stall'
+beibre Pharaoh, and before his servants, asd
+it became a serpent.
+
+11 Then Pharaoh also called for the wise
+men and the sorcerers; and they also, the
+magicians of Egypt, did with their secret arts
+in like manner.
+
+12 And they cast down every man his
+staff, and they became serpents; but Aaron's
+staff swallowed up their staves.
+
+13 But the heart of Pharaoh was hard, and
+he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord
+had spoken.
+
+14 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, The
+heart of Pharaoh is oljdurate, he refuseth to
+let the people go.
+
+15 Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning;
+lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou
+shalt place thyself opposite to him by the
+Ijrink of the river; and the staff which was
+turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thy
+hand.
+
+IC And thou shalt say unto him. The Eter-
+
+" It must be understood that Pharaoh had refused to
+listen to the demand of Moses uuder the plea that he
+knew not who was the "Eternal God" in whose name the
+prophet spoke. When, therefore, Moses and his brother
+were sent again, it was to be expected that the king
+would require some extraordinary attestation, as proof that
+they who spoke thus had a power to enforce their mission,
+
+K
+
+
+nal, the God of the Hebrews, hath sent me
+unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that
+they may serve me in the wilderness : and, be-
+hold, thou wouldst not hear, up to this time.
+
+17 Thus hath said the Lord, By this thou
+shalt know that I am the Lord : behold, I
+will smite with the stall' that is in my hand
+upon the waters which are in the river, and
+they shall be turned to blood.
+
+18 And the fish that is in the river shall
+die, and the river shall stink; and the Egy2>
+tians shall loath to drink water from the
+river.
+
+19 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Say
+unto Aaron, Take thy staff, and stretch out
+thy hand over tlie waters of Egypt, over their
+streams, over their rivers, and over their
+ponds, and over all their pools of water, that
+they become blood; and there shall be blood
+throughout all the land of Egypt, also in ves-
+sels of wood, and in vessels of stone.
+
+20 And M(jses and Aaron did so, as the
+Lord had commanded; and he lifted up (his
+hand) with the staff", and smote the waters
+thtit were in the river, before the eyes of Pha-
+raoh, and before the eyes of his servants ; and
+all the waters that were in the river were
+turnetl to blood.
+
+21 And the fish that was in the river died ;
+and the river stank, and the Egyptians could
+not drink water from the river ; and the blood
+was throughout all the land of Egjqot.
+
+22 And the magicians of Egypt did so''
+with their secret arts: and the heart of Phar
+raoh remained hai'dened, and he did not
+hearken unto them; as the Lord had spoken.
+
+23 And Pharaoh turned avfiiy and went
+into his house, and he did not set his heart to
+this thing also.
+
+24 And all the Egyptians dug in the neigh-
+bourhood of the river for water to drink ; for
+they could not drink of the water of the
+river.
+
+25 And full seven days elapsed, after that
+the Lord had smitten the river."
+
+26 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Go
+in unto Pharaoh, and say unto him. Thus
+
+if it were in reality the word and will of an unheard-of
+Deity, of superior power to the gods of Egypt.
+
+'' "With the water, namely, which came from the newly
+dug wells;" see v. 24. — Arnheim.
+
+" The English version ends here the seventh chapter,
+but the Jlassoretio text commences chap. viii. only with
+the fifth verse of the common version.
+
+73
+
+
+EXODUS VII. VIII. VAAYRAH.
+
+
+hath said the Lord, Let my people go, that
+they may serve me.
+
+27 And if thou refuse to let them go, be-
+hold, I will smite all thy liorders" with frogs :
+
+28 And the river shall bring forth frogs
+abundantly, and they shall go up and come
+into thy house, and into thy sleeping-cham-
+ber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of
+thy servants, and among thy people, and into
+thy ovens, and into thj' kneachng-troughs;
+
+29 And upon thee, and upon thy people,
+and upon all thy servants, shall the frogs
+come up.
+
+CHAPTER VIIL
+
+1 And the Lord said unto Moses, Say unto
+Aaron, Stretch forth thy hand with thy staft'
+over the streams, over tlie rivers, and over
+the ponds, and cause the frogs to come up
+over the land of Egypt.
+
+2 And Aaron stretched out his hand over
+the waters of Egypt ; and the frogs came up,
+and covered the land of Egypt.
+
+3 And the mairicians did so Avith their
+secret arts, and brought up tlie frogs over the
+land of Egypt.
+
+4 Then did Pharaoh call for Moses and
+Aaron, and said. Entreat the Lord, that he
+may take away the frogs from me, and from
+my people ; and I will let the people go, that
+they may sacrifice unto the Lord.
+
+5 And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Arrogate
+thyself' glory over me : for what time shall I
+entreat for thee, and for thy servants, and for
+thy people, to destroy the frogs from thee and
+from thy houses, that tliey may remain in the
+river only ?
+
+6 And he said, For to-morrow; and he said,
+Be it according to thy word; in order tliat
+thou inayest know that there is none like
+unto the Lord our God.*
+
+7 And the frogs shall depart from thee,
+
+" i. <:, the wliole country, or that part which is enclosed
+by the boundaries.
+
+'' iSDnn the hllhpiiel from 1X3 " to gh)rify," hence " to
+assume a ghiry for oneself." IMoses meant to convey to
+Pharaoh, as a proof of his divinely delegated power, that
+even tlie fi.xing of a period to the plague, whether long or
+short, would surely bo complied with. Hence follows the
+conclusion referring to tiic greatness of the Lord.
+
+° As the word d:2 is only found here and in I'.salm cv.
+8], its true cluiracter is not easily defined. I'liilippson
+renders it with "ants," perhaps {\iq funnix nlijra. Others
+make it to mean "mosquito," the culex rcplniis. T5oth
+these insects are exceedingly troublesome in Kgypt.
+
+
+and fi'om thy houses, and from thy serA'ants-
+and from thy people; only in the river shall
+they remain.
+
+8 And Moses and Aaron went out from
+Pharaoh ; and Moses cried unto the Lord on
+account of the frogs which he hatl inflicted on
+Pharaoh.
+
+9 And the Lord did according to the word
+of Moses ; and the frogs died out of the houses,
+out of the courts, and out of the fields.
+
+10 And tliey gathered them together in
+many heaps; and the land stank.
+
+11 But when Pharaoh saw that there was
+a respite, he hardened his heart, and heark-
+ened not unto them; as the Lord had spoken.
+
+12 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Say
+unto Aaron, Stretch out thy stafl'. and smite
+the dust of the earth, and it shall become lice"
+throughout all the land of Egypt.
+
+13 And they did so; and Aaron stretched
+out his hand with his staff, and smote the
+dust of the earth, and the lice were thus on
+man, and on beast; all the dust of the land
+became lice throughout all tlie land of Egypt.
+
+14 And the magicians did so with their
+secret arts to bring forth the lice, but they
+could not; so were the lice upon man and
+upon beast.
+
+15 Then said the magicians unto Pharaoh,
+This is a finger of God; but Pliaraoh's heart
+remained hardened, and he hearkened not
+unto them; as the Lord had spoken.
+
+16 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, Rise
+up early in the morning, and place thyself
+before Pharaoh; lo, he goeth forth to the
+water; and say unto him, Thus hath said
+the Lord, Let my people go, that they may
+serve me.
+
+17 For if thou wilt not let my people go,
+behold, I will send against thee, and against
+thy servants, and against thy people, and in-
+to thy houses various'" wild beasts: and the
+
+'' The ancient Jewish commentators render 31ii' ' Arohr,
+only found here and in Psalms, as derived from the verb
+signifying "to mingle," &c., a mixture of ravenous beasts,
+serpents, and scorpions. Kashbam makes it derived from
+mi' ' Areh "evening," hence "the night-wolf," jackall. —
+Philippsou i-enders it with " beetle," referring to the
+hlattii jEiji/ptiaca, which is at times dangerous to human
+life. (He quotes " De Katte's Journey to Abyssiania," p.
+IIH.) The English version "swarms of flics" needs no
+refutation, as the whole context shows it to be incorrect.
+See especially fardicv down, verse 20.
+
+
+EXODUS VIIT. IX. VAAYRAII.
+
+
+houses of tlie Egyptians shall l)e full of the
+wild beasts, and also the ground whereon
+they dweli.
+
+IS And I will distinguish on that day the
+land of Goshen, in which my people abideth,
+so that no wild beasts shall be there; to the
+end thou niayest know that I am the Lord in
+the midst of the earth."*
+
+19 And I will put a distinction between
+my people and thy people; to-morrow shall
+this sign be.
+
+20 And the Lord did so; and there came
+a grievous multitude of beasts into the
+house of Pharaoh, and into the house of his
+servants ; and in all the land of Egypt, the
+land was laid waste by reason of the wild
+beasts.
+
+21 And Pharaoh called for Moses and for
+Aaron, and said. Go ye, sacrifice to your God
+in the land.
+
+22 And Moses said. It is not proper to do
+so; for the abomination of the Egyptians must
+we sacrifice to the Eternal our God : lo, if we
+should sacrifice the aljomination of the Egyp-
+tians Ijefore their eyes, would they not stone us?
+
+23 A three days' journey will we go into
+the wilderness, and sacrifice to the Lord our
+God, just as he may say unto us.
+
+24 And Pharaoh said, I will surely let you
+go, that ye may sacrifice to the Eternal your
+God in the wilderness; only do not go very
+far away : entreat for me.
+
+2-5 And Moses said, Behold, I am going out
+from thee, and I w'ill entreat the Lord, and
+the wild beasts shall depart from Pharaoh,
+from his servants, and from liis people, to-
+morrow ; oidy let not Pharaoli deal deceitfully
+any more, so as not to let the people go to
+sacrifice to the Lord.
+
+20 And Moses went out from Pharaoh,
+and entreated the Lord.
+
+27 And the Lord did according to the
+word of Moses; and he removed the wild
+beasts from Pharaoh, from his servants, and
+from hi-s people ; there remained not one.
+
+28 But Pharaoh hardened his heart at this
+time also, and he did not let the people go.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ x\nd the Lord said unto Moses, Go in
+
+' "Land." — Arnheim.
+
+^ After Rashi, wlio renders [tik; with nn'-^n "lieat;"
+
+
+unto Pharaoh, and speak to him, Thus hath
+said the Eternal, the God of the Hebrews,
+Let my people go, that they may serve me.
+
+2 For if thou refuscst to let them go, and
+still boldest on to them, "~
+
+3 Behold, the hand of the Lord will be
+sent against thy cattle which is in the field,
+against the horses, against the asses, against
+the camels, against the oxen, and against the
+sheep ; — a very grievous j^estilence.
+
+4 And the Lord will distinguish between
+the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt ;
+and not one head shall die of all that belong-
+eth to the children of Israel.
+
+5 And the Lord appointed a set time, say-
+ing. To-morrow will the Lord do this thing
+in the land.
+
+6 And the Lord did this thing on the
+morrow^, and all the cattle of Egypt died ; but
+of the cattle of the children of Israel there
+died not one.
+
+7 And Pliartioh sent, and, behold, there
+had not died of the cattle of the Israelites
+even one ; but the heart of Pliaraoh remained
+hardened, and he did not let the people go.
+
+8 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses and unto
+Aaron, Take unto yourselves your hands full
+of soot of the furnace, and let Moses throw it
+heavenward before tlie ej^es of Pharaoh.
+
+9 And it shall become small dust over all
+the land of Egypt, and shall become upon
+man and beast an inflammation,'' producing
+toils, throughout all the land of Egypt.
+
+10 And they toolv the soot of the furnace,
+and stood before Pharaoh ; and Moses threw
+it up heavenward ; and it jjecame an infiam-
+mation, producing boils, upon man, and upon
+beast.
+
+11 And the magicians could not stand be-
+fore Moses because of the inflammation ; for
+the inflammation was upon the magicians,
+and upon all the Egyptians.
+
+12 And the Lord hardened the heart of
+Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them;
+as the Lord had spoken unto Moses.
+
+13 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Rise
+up early in the morning, and place thyself
+before Pharaoh, and say unto him. Thus hath
+said the Eternal, the God of the Hebrews,
+Let my people go, that they may serve me.
+
+
+" a red swelling in the skin,'
+boils.
+
+
+which speedily prnducod
+
+
+75
+
+
+EXODUS IX. X. BO.
+
+
+14 For at this time I send all" my plagues
+against thy heart, and against thy servants,
+and against thy people; in order that thou
+mayest know that there is none like me on
+all the earth.
+
+15 For even now I might have stretched
+out my hand, and I might have smitten thee
+and thy people with the pestilence; and thou
+wouldst have been cut off from the earth ;
+
+16 But for this cause have I allowed thee
+to remain, in order to show thee my power;
+and in order that they may proclaim my
+name throughout all the earth. '=^
+
+,17 If thou dost yet wantonly oppress my
+people, so as not to let them go :
+
+18 Behold, then will I let rain, about this
+time to-niuri-ow. a very grievous hail, the like
+of whicli h.'itli not been in Egypt since the
+day of its iuundatiun even until ncnv.
+
+19 And now send, and bring under shelter
+thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field ;
+(for) every man and beast that shall be found
+in the field, and shall not be brought mto the
+house, upon them shall the hail come dowij,
+and they shall die.
+
+20 He that feared the word of the Lord
+among the servants of Pharaoh made his
+servants and his cattle flee into the houses :
+
+21 And he that regarded not the word of
+the Lord left his servants and his cattle in
+the field.
+
+22 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses,
+Stretch forth thy hand toward heaven, and
+there shall be hail in all the land of Egypt,
+upon man, and upon beast, and upon every
+herb of the field, in the land of Egypt.
+
+23 And Moses stretched forth his staff to-
+ward heaven ; and the Lord sent thunder and
+hail, and the fire ran down to tlie ground;
+and the Lord rained hail upon the land of
+Egypt.
+
+21 And there was hail, and fire was flam-
+ing up amidst the hail, very grievous, the
+like of which had not laeen in all the land of
+Egypt, since it had become a nation.
+
+25 And the hail smote throughout all the
+land of Egypt all that was in the field, both
+
+
+• "All my roiiiaiiiiiig plagues," Anilieira, wlio refers to a
+similar construction in Exodus x.xix. 12, where mn Sj
+"all the blood" relates to that which was left after the
+sprinkling spoken of in the beginning of the verse.
+
+"" At first when Moses .spoke in the name of the new
+Deity, " The Eternal, the God of the Hebrews," Pharaoh
+did not recognise Him; but now under the weight of
+
+
+man and beast; and every herb of the field
+did the hail smite, and every tree of the field
+did it break.
+
+26 Only in the land of Goshen, where the
+children of Israel were, there was no hail.
+
+27 And Pliaraoh sent, and called for Moses
+and Aaron, and he said unto them, I have
+sinned this time ; the Eternal is the righte-
+eous,'' and I and my people are the wicked.
+
+28 Entreat the Lord that there may be no
+more of the thunders of God, and hail ; and I
+will let you go, and ye shall no longer stay here.
+
+29 And Moses said unto him. As soon as I
+am gone out of the city, I will spread out my
+hands unto the Lord: the thunders shall
+cease, and the hail shall not l^e any more ; in
+order that thou mayest know liow that to the
+Lord belongeth the earth.
+
+30 But as for thee and thy servants, I
+know tliat ye are not yet afraid before the
+Lord God.
+
+31 And the flax and the barley were smit-
+ten ; for the barley was in the ear, and the
+flax was boiled.
+
+32 But the wheat and the millet were not
+smitten ; for they are late-ripening.'''
+
+33 And Moses went away from Pharaoh
+out of the city, and spread out his hands inito
+the Lord: and the thunders and hail ceased,
+and the rain was not poured out upon the
+earth.
+
+'' 34 And when Pharaoh saw that the rain
+and the hail and the thunders had ceased, he
+sinned yet farther, and hardened his heart, he
+and his servants.
+
+35 And the heart of Pharaoh remained
+hardened, and he did not let the children of
+Israel go; as the Lord had spoken by the
+hand of Moses.
+
+Ilaphturah in Ezckiel xxviii. 25 to xxi.x. 21.
+
+
+SECTION XV. BO, N3.
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 *(\ And the Lord said unto Moses, Go in
+unto Pharaoh ; for I have hardened his heart,
+and the heart of his servants, in order that I
+
+affliction, he acknowledged Him, his justice, and his own
+wickedness and the sins of the Egyptians ; hence also, not
+p'lX "righteous," but the emphatic pnvn "the right-
+eous," r. e., in the contest then going on, God was the
+party who had justice on his side, whilst Pharaoh and his
+people were those in the wrong. For the meaning of the
+word ),'W\ in this sense, see above, ii. 13.
+
+
+EXODUS X. BO.
+
+
+might display these my signs in the midst
+ol' tht'iii :'■
+
+2 And in order that thon mayest tell in the
+cars of thy son, and of thy son's son, the
+wonders which I have wrouglit^' in Egypt, and
+my signs -which I have shown among tliem;
+and ye shall know how that I am the Lord.
+
+3 And Moses and Aaron came in nnto
+Pharaoh, and said unto him. Thus saith the
+Eternal, the God of the Hebrews, H(jw long
+yet wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before
+me ? let my people go, that they may serve me.
+
+4 For, if thou refusest to let my people go,
+behold, 1 will l)ring to-morrow locusts into
+thy boundary.
+
+5 And the}' shall cover the face" of the
+earth, so that one shall not be able to" see the
+earth ; and they shall eat the residue of that
+which escaped, which hath been left unto
+you from the hail, and they shall eat oft'
+every tree which groweth for you out of the
+field:
+
+6 And thy houses, and the houses of all
+thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyp-
+tians shall be full of them; such as neither
+thy fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen,
+since the day of their being upon the earth,
+until this day ; and he turned himself, and
+went out from Pharaoh.
+
+7 And the servants of Pharaoh said unto
+him. How long shall this :uau be unto us for
+a snare ? let the men go, that they may serve
+the Lord their God: kuowest thou not yet
+that Egypt is destroyed ?
+
+8 And Moses was brought back with Aaron
+unto Pharai^li ; and he said unto them. Go ye,
+serve the Lord }our God ; who all are they
+that shall go?
+
+9 And Moses said. With our young and
+with our old will we go; with our sons and
+with our daughters, with our Hocks and with
+our herds will we go; for we are to h(.ild a
+feast unto the Lord.
+
+10 And he said unto them. So Ije the Lord
+with you, as I will let you go, together w4th
+
+' Hob. "Of hiin," I'liaranli the king standiug for the
+whole people.
+
+'' After Onkelos. Arnheim renders, " how I have
+proved myself working miracles."
+
+° "i' (eye) here remU-red "face"' should be given with
+"the view," or "colour;" but the sense is after all the
+same.
+
+'' " Look, for the wrong yuu purpose to do is before
+
+
+your little ones: look, surely your intentions
+are evil.''
+
+11 Not so; go uow ye men," and serve the
+Lord, for this you desire: and tlie^- werv;
+driven out from Pharaoh's presence.'''
+
+12 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch
+out thy liand over the land of Egypt for the
+locusts, and they shall come up over the land
+of Egypt, and eat every herb of the earth, ;\\\
+that'the hail hath left.
+
+13 And Moses stretched ibrth his stall
+over the land of Egypt, and the Lord urged
+an east wind over the laud all that day, and
+all the night; when it was morning, the east
+wind bore along the locusts.
+
+14 And the locusts went uj) over all the
+land of Egypt, and rested in all the bounda-
+ries of Egypt; in very large masses; before
+them there were no such locusts as they, and
+after them there will not be any such.
+
+15 And they covered the face of the whole
+earth, so that the earth was darkened; and
+they ate every herb of the land, and all the
+fruit of the trees which the hail had left : ;uid
+thei'e was not left any green thing on the
+trees, or on the herbs of the field, throughout
+allth.o land of Egypt.
+
+10 Then made Pharaoh haste to ctdl for
+Moses and Aaron ; and he said, I have s-inned
+against the Lord your God, and against you.
+
+17 And now forgive, I pray thee, my sin
+only this once, and entreat the Lord your
+God, that lie may take away from me or.ly
+this death.
+
+18 And he went out from Pharaoh, and
+entreated the Lord.
+
+11) And the Lord turned a very strong
+west wind, whicli bore away the locusts,
+and cast them into the Eed Sea; there was
+not left one locust in all the boundar}- of
+Egypt.
+
+20 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart,
+so that he did not let the children of Isrtiel go.
+
+21 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch
+out thy hand toward heaven, and there shall
+
+your face to testify against you." — Okkelos. Literally
+it is thus : " See, for evil is before your face."
+
+" It is evident that Pharaoh in temporizing with Mo.ses
+about the dismis.^al of the Israelites, had all along the
+idea of letting them go but a short distance, after which
+they should return ; hence he averred that the children
+were of no use for such an expedition, and be therefore
+desired to retain them, as ho.stages for the return of the
+fathers.
+
+77
+
+
+EXODUS X. XL XII. 130.
+
+
+be darkness over the land of Egypt, and it
+shall be a darkness of the night."
+
+22 And Moses stretched forth his hand to-
+ward heaven ; and there was a thick darkness
+in all the land of Egypt three days :
+
+23 They saw not one another, neither did
+they rise, any one from his place, for three
+days; but for all the children of Israel there
+was light in their dwellings.*
+
+2-4 And Pharaoh called for Moses, and
+said. Go ye, serve the Lord ; only your flocks
+and your herds shall remain behind: also
+your little ones may go with you.
+
+25 And Moses said, Ev^en thou also must
+give into our hand sacrifices and burnt^oifer-
+ings, that we may sacrifice (them) unto the
+Eternal, our God.
+
+26 And also our cattle must go with us,
+there shall not be left behind a single hoof,
+for thereof must we take to serve the Lord
+our God; and we cannot know with what
+we must serve the Lord, until we come
+thither.
+
+27 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart,
+and he would not let them go.
+
+28 And Pharaoh said unto him. Get thee
+away from me; take heed to thyself, see my
+face no more ; for on the day thou seest my
+face thou shalt die.
+
+29 And Moses said, Tliou hast spoken well,
+I will not see thy face again any more.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 *[[ And the Lord said unto Moses, Yet one
+plague more will I bring upon Pharaoh, and
+upon Egypt; after that he will let you go
+hence: when he doth let you go, he shall
+surely thrust you out altogether from here.
+
+2 Speak now in tlie ears of the people, and
+let them ask every man of his neighbour, and
+every woman of her neighbour, vessels of
+silver, and vessels of gold.
+
+3 And the Lord gave the [)eople favour in
+the eyes of the Egyptians; also the man
+Moses'' was very great in the land of Egypt,
+
+
+" Accordiug to Raslii, who renders tyo'l ;is k^dn'T and
+explains " tlicrc shall (^omc over tlicni a darkness thicker
+than that of the night, and the darkness of the night
+shall continue into the Inllowing days." From cmedi,
+"yesterday;" henee td remain over from the yesterday.
+
+'' Although above, eliap. x. 7, the servants of Pharaoh
+sailed Moses "the snare" of Egypt, they eould not avoid
+honouring the man who was so signally favoured by the
+God of Israel, wliose jxiwcr (licy had felt.
+78
+
+
+in the eyes of Pharaoh's servants, and in the
+eyes of the people.*
+
+4 Tl And Moses said, Thus hath said the
+Lord, About midnight will I go out in the
+midst of Egypt:
+
+5 And there shall die every first-born in
+the land of Egypt, from tlie first-born of Plui-
+raoh that is° to sit upon his throne, even unto
+the first-born of the maid-servant that is be-
+hind the mill ; and every first-born of cattle.
+
+G And there shall be a great cry through-
+out all the land of Egypt, the like of which
+hath never been, and the like of which will
+not be any more.
+
+7 But against any of the children of Israel
+not a dog shall move'' his tongue, neither
+against man nor beast; in order that ye may
+know how that the Lord doth distinguish be-
+tween the Egyptians and Israel.
+
+8 And all these thy servants shall come
+down unto me, and bow themselves down
+unto me, saying. Get thee out, and all the
+people that followeth thee;'' and after that I
+will go out: and he went out from Pharaoh
+in a burning auger.
+
+9 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Pha-
+raoh will not hearken unto you; in order that
+my wonders may be multiplied in the land of
+Egypt.
+
+10 And Moses and Aaron did all these
+wonders before Pharaoh; and the Lord har-
+dened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the
+children of Israel go out of his land.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,
+
+2 This month shall be unto you the chief
+of months : the first shall it be unto 30U of
+the months of the year.
+
+3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of
+Israel, saying, On the tenth day of this month
+they shall take to themselves every man a
+lamb for every family,^ a lamb for every
+house :
+
+
+' "Who in future is to sit upon the throne of his king-
+dom."— Onkklos.
+
+'' Heb. "sharpen," "point," indicative of the motion
+and appearance of the dog's tongue in barking.
+
+° llob. "That is at thy feet," meaning, that follows
+where the prophet leads.
+
+' ('. c. A family divided in several households. Hebrew,
+"house of fatlier," or those springing frcun one an-
+cestor; :iN n'3 is a subdivision of nniity:3, "main family."
+
+
+EXODUS XII. BO.
+
+
+4 And if the household be too ymall for a
+lamb, then shall he take it with his iieigh-
+boiu- who is next unto his house, according to
+the number of the souls; every man accord-
+ing to wliat he eateth shall ac make a count
+for the lamb.
+
+5 A lamb without blemish, a male of the
+first year shall ye have; from the sheep, or
+from the goats may ye take it.
+
+6 And ye shall have it in keeping until
+the fourteenth day of tlie same month; and
+then the whole assembly of the congregation
+of Israel shall kill it toward evening."
+
+7 And they shall take of the blood, and
+put it on the two side-posts and on the upper-
+door-post, in the houses, wherein thej^ shall
+eat it.
+
+8 And they shall eat the flesh in that
+night, roasted by the fire, witli unleavened
+bread; together with bitter herljs shall the}-
+eat it.
+
+9 You shall not eat of it raw, nor in any-
+wise sodden with watei'; but roasted by the
+fire; its head with its legs, and with its en-
+trails.''
+
+10 And ye shall not let any thing of it re-
+main imtil morning; and that which remain-
+eth of it until morning ye shall burn -with
+fire.
+
+11 And thus shall 3'e eat it. With your
+loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and
+your staff in your hand ; and ^'e shall eat it
+in haste, it is passover unto the Lord.
+
+12 And I will pass through the land of
+Egj-pt in this night, and I will smite every
+first-)x)rn in the land of Egypt, both man
+and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt
+will I execute judgments : I am the Lord.''
+
+13 And the blood shall lie to you for a
+token upon the houses where ye are; and
+when I see the blood, I will pass over you;
+
+in the s.ame manner as this is in ivgard to la^B', "tribo."
+n'3, "the household," or family in the narrow sense it
+often has in P]nglish, is the smallest division. Several
+households could thus unite to celebrate the Passover in
+one domicile. This note must suffice to explain any vari-
+ation in the version of the same words in the original
+text, should any such occur hereafter.
+
+' Heb. "Between the two evenings," /. e. between the
+time the sun begins to decline till sunset, or " the after-
+noon," from the third hour, or the ninth after the Jewish
+mode of computing time. This was the practice in the
+Temple.
+
+'' After being washed as usual with sacrifices. (See
+tixod. xxix. 17.)
+
+
+and there shall be no plague against you to
+destroy, when I smite (others) in the land of
+Egypt.
+
+14 And this day shall be unto you for a
+memorial; tind ye shall celebrate it as a feast
+unto the Lord; throughout your generations,
+as an ordinance for ever shall ye celebrate it.
+
+15 Seven days shall ye eat unlea\ened
+bread ; but on the first day ye shall ha\-e put
+away leaven out of your houses; for whoso-
+ever eateth leavened bread, that soul shall be
+cut oft' from Israel, from the first day until
+the seventh day.
+
+16 And on the first day there shall be a
+holy convocation, and on the seventh day-
+there shall be a holy convocation to you; no
+manner of work shall be done on them, save
+what is eaten b}- every man, that only may
+be prepared by yon.
+
+17 And ye shall observe the unleavened
+bread; for on this selfsame day have I brought
+forth your armies out of the land of Egypt ;
+therefore shall ye observe this dny in your
+generations as an ordinance for ever.
+
+18 In the first month, on the fourteenth
+day of the month, at evening, shall ye eat im-
+leavened bread, until the one and "twentieth
+day of the month at evening.
+
+19 Seven days no leaven shall be found in
+your houses; for whosoever eateth that which
+is leavened, even that soul shall ))e cut oft"
+from the congregation of Israel, whether he
+be a stranger, or one born in the land.
+
+20 Nothing that is leavened shtiU ye eat;
+in all your halntations shall ye eat unleavened
+bread.*
+
+21 ]| And Moses called for all the elders
+of Israel, and said unto them. Draw out and
+take for yourselves lambs according to y^)ur
+families, and kill the ^^assover sacrifice.
+
+22 And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop,
+
+
+" This vor.se is well explained thus, "I am the Lord," I
+myself will do this, and not through a messenger. It
+must not be lost sight of that the punishment of the
+Egyptians and the redemption of the Israelites were to be
+as lessons, to both the parties affected thereby, of the
+greatness and irresistible power of the Lord ; hence the
+slaying of the first-born was effected without the media-
+torial agency of Moses even as in the other plagues; and
+as Pharaoh and his wise men relied ujion the power of
+their idols, these too were overthrown in the night of
+the deliverance of Israel, by Israel's God. "Judgment"
+stands for "judicial decrees," or punishment.
+
+79
+
+
+EXODUS XII. BO.
+
+
+and dijD in the blood that is in the basin, and
+strike the lintel and the two side-posts with
+the blood that is in the basin; and none of
+vou shall go out from the door of his house
+until the morning.
+
+23 And the Lord will pass through to
+smite* the Egyptians; and when he seeth the
+blood upon the lintel, and on the two side-
+posts, the Lord will pass over the door, and
+will not sutler the destroyer to come in unto
+your houses to smite.
+
+24 And ye shall observe this thing, as an
+ordinance for thee and for thy sons for ever.
+
+25 And it shall come to pass, when ye be
+come iiito the land which the Lord will give
+you, according as he hath promised, that ye
+shall keep this service.
+
+26 And it shall come to pass, when your
+children shall say unto you, What mean ye
+by this service?
+
+27 That ye shall say. It is the sacrifice of
+the passover unto the Lord, who passed over
+the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt,
+when he smote the Egyptians, and our houses
+he spared; and the people bent the head and
+bowed themselves.
+
+28 And the children of Israel went away,
+and did as the Lord had commanded Moses
+and Aaron, so did they.*
+
+29 T[ And it came to pass at midnight,
+that the Lord smote every first-born in the
+land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh
+that was to sit on his throne unto the first-
+born of the captive that was in the dungeon ;
+and all the first-ljorn of cattle.
+
+30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he,
+and all his servants, and all the Egyptians;
+and there was a great cry in Egypt ; for there
+was not a house where there was not some
+one dead.
+
+31 And he called for Moses and Aaron by
+night, and said, Rise up, get you forth from
+among ray people, both ye and the children
+of Israel; and go, serve the Eternal, as ye
+have spoken.''
+
+32 Also your flocks and your herds take,
+as ye have spoken, and be gone; and bless
+me also.
+
+33 And the Egyptians were urgent upon
+
+
+" njjS literally "to plague."
+
+' "Let all be as ye have spoken, even the cattle ye
+asked of mo for sacrilices take, and only pray for me, for
+I too am iirst-born." — Kaswi.
+80
+
+
+the people, to make haste to send them away
+out of the land; for they said. We are all
+dying.
+
+34 And the people took up their dough
+before it was yet leavened, their kneading-
+troughs beiug bound up in their clothes upon
+their sliouklers.
+
+35 And the children of Israel had done ac-
+cording to the word of Moses ; and they had
+asked of the Egyptians vessels of silver, and
+vessels of gold, and garments.
+
+36 And the Lord had given the people
+favour in the eyes of the Egyptians, so tlaat
+they gave unto them what they required;
+and they emptied out Egypt.
+
+37' ^f And the children of Israel journeyed
+from Ra'meses to Succoth, about six hundred
+th(,)usand men on foot, beside children.
+
+38 And a mixed multitude also went up
+with them; and flocks, and herds, a very
+large amount of cattle.
+
+31) And they baked of the dough, which
+they had l>rought forth out of Egypt, un-
+leavened cakes, for it was not leavened; be-
+cause they were thrust out of Egypt, and
+could not tarry, neither had they prepared
+any provisions for themselves.
+
+40 Now the time of the residence of the
+children of Israel. Avhich they dwelt in Egypt,
+was four hundred and thirty years.
+
+41 And it came to pass at the end of the
+four hundred and thirty years, and it happened
+even on the selfsame day, that all the armies
+of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt.
+
+42 A night to be observed" was this unto
+the Lord to luring them out from the land of
+Egypt: this is that night holy to the Lord,
+to be observed Ijy all the children of Israel in
+their generations.
+
+43 *i] And the Lord said unto Moses and
+Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover :
+No stranger shall eat thei'eof.
+
+44 But every man's servant that is bought
+for money, when thou hast circumcised him,
+then shall he eat thereof.
+
+45 A resident foreigner and a hired ser-
+vant shall not eat thereof.
+
+46 In one house shall it be eaten; thou
+shalt not carry forth aught of the flesh abroad
+
+" " Whiob the Lord watched and looked for to fulfil his
+promise to bring them out of the land of Egypt," Eashi;
+otber.s explain, "Tnwbifb be watched over the Israelites to
+preserve them safe amidst the plague."
+
+
+EXODUS XII. Xin. BESHALLACH.
+
+
+3ut of the house ; and no Ijoue shall ye break [
+in it.
+
+47 All the congregation of Israel shall pre- !
+pare it.
+
+48 And when a stranger sojourneth with
+thee, and will prepare the passover to the
+Lord, let all his males be circumcised, and
+then let him come near and prepare it, and
+he shall be as one that is born in the
+laud; but no uncircumcised person" shall eat
+thereof.
+
+49 One law shall be to him that is home-
+born, and unto the stranger that sojourneth
+among you.
+
+50 And all the children of Israel did so; as
+the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron,
+so did they.
+
+51 Tf And it came to pass on the selfsame
+day, that the Lord did bring fortli the children
+of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their
+armies.*
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying,
+
+2 Sanctify unto me all the first-born, what^
+soever openeth the womb among the children
+of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is
+mine.
+
+3 And Moses said unto the people. Re-
+member this day, on which ye came out from
+Egypt, out of the house of slavery ; for by
+strength of hand the Lord brought you out
+from here: and no leavened bread shall be
+eaten.
+
+4 This day go ye out, in the month
+of Abib.^
+
+5 And it shall be, when the Lord doth
+brill"- thee into the land of tlie Canaanites,
+and the Hittites, and the Emorites, and the
+llivites, and the Jebusites, which he hath
+sworn unto thy fathers to give unto thee, a
+land flowing with milk and honey, that tliou
+shalt perforin this service in this month.
+
+G Seven days shalt thou eat unleavened
+bread, and on the seventh day shall be a feast
+to the Lord.
+
+7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten these
+seven days; and there shall not be seen ^vith
+thee any leavened bread, neither shall there
+be seen with thee any leaven in all thy boun-
+daries.
+
+8 And thou shalt tell thy son on that day,
+
+* This includes even an uncircumcised Israelite.
+
+
+saying. This is done for the sake of that which
+the Lord did unto me when I came forth out
+of Egypt.
+
+9 And it shall be unto thee for a sign upon
+thy hand, and for a memorial between thy
+eyes, in order that the law of the Lord may
+be in thy mouth; for with a strong hand
+hath the Lord brought thee forth out of
+Egypt.
+
+lU And thou shalt keep this ordinance in
+its season, from year to year.
+
+11 Tl And it shall be, when the Lord doth
+bring thee into the land of tlie Canaanites, as
+he hath sworn unto thee and to thy fathers,
+and giveth it to thee,
+
+12 That thou shalt set apart all that open-
+eth the womb unto the Lord; and every first-
+ling that cometli of a beast which thou shalt
+have, the males, shall Ijelong to tlie Lord.
+
+Id And every firstling of an ass shalt thou
+I'edeem with a lamb; and if thou wilt not re-
+deem it, then shalt thou break its neck : and
+all the first'born of man among thy children
+shalt thou redeem.*
+
+14 And it shall be, when thy son asketli
+thee in time to come, saying. What is this?
+that thou shalt say unto him. By strength of
+hand the Lord brought us forth out of Egypt,
+out of the house of slavery ;
+
+15 And it came to i)ass, when Pharaoh
+obstinately refused to let us go, that the Lord
+slew all the first-born in the land (jf Egypt,
+both the first>born of man, and the first-born
+of beast; therefore do I sacrifice to the Lord
+all that openeth the womb, being males; Init
+all the first-born of my children must I re-
+deem.
+
+16 And it shall be for a sign upon thy
+hand, and for frontlets between thy eyes;
+that Ijy strength of hand the Lord brought us
+forth out of Egypt.
+
+Ilaphtorah in .Jeremiah xlvi. \?> to 27
+
+
+SECTION XVI. BESHALLACH, nSu'3.
+
+17 ^ And it came to pass, when Pharaoh let
+the people go, that God did not lead them the
+way through the land of the Philistines, lie-
+cause it was near; lor God said. Lest perad-
+venture the people repent when they see war,
+and return to Egypt.
+
+18 But God led the people about, l)y the
+
+*■ The month in which the grain ripens iu Kirvpt.
+
+si'
+
+
+EXODUS XIII. XIV. BESHALLACH.
+
+
+way of the mlderness to the Red sea: aud
+the children of Israel went up armed out of
+the land of Egypt.
+
+19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph
+with him; for he had caused the children of
+Israel to swear, saying, God will surely visit
+you, and ye shall then carry up my bones
+away hence with you.
+
+20 And they took their journey from Suc-
+coth, and encamped in Etham, at the edge of
+the wilderness.
+
+21 And the Lord went before them by day
+in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way;
+and by night in a pillar of fire, to give light
+to them; that they might go by day and by
+night :
+
+22 He took not away the pillar of cloud
+by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from
+before the people.
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+1 Tf And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, that
+they turn back and encamp before Pi-hachi-
+roth, between Migdol and the sea; in front
+of Baal-zephon ; opposite to this shall ye en-
+camp hy the sea.
+
+3 And Pharaoh will say of the children of
+Israel, They are entangled in the land, the
+wilderness hath shut" them in.
+
+4 And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh,
+that he shall follow after them; and I will get
+myself honour on Pharaoh, and on all his
+host ; and the Egyptians shall know that I
+am the Lord; and they did so.
+
+5 And it was told to the king of Egypt
+that the people had Hed;*" and the heart of
+Pharaoh and of his servants was changed"
+with respect to the people, and they said.
+What is this which we have done, tliat we
+have let Israel go from serving us?
+
+6 And he made i-eady his cliariot, and took
+his people with him.
+
+
+' Philippson traimlates, " The wilderne.ss is closed
+against tlioiii," nn-aiiiiig, tliat they had not entered the pro-
+]ier distriet to effect ihm escape, but were roaming about at
+random without plan or concert I'hilippson contends
+that his version is correct, because they liad n<3t yet entered
+the wilderness. The word "entangled" used here must
+be taken in the sense of " they had lost their way," near
+I lie sea-shore, without the possibility of an egress,
+
+'■ "Was riiaming abnut." — I'mi-II'l'SdN.
+
+"■ "Turned against." — English version.
+Hi
+
+
+7 And he took six hundred chosen chariots,
+and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains'^
+over every one of them.
+
+8 And the Lord hardened the heart of
+Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and he pursued
+after the children of Israel ; and the children
+of Israel went out with a high hand.'''
+
+9 And the Egyptians pursued after them,
+and they overtook them encamping by the
+sea, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh,
+and his horsemen, and his army, beside Pi-
+hachiroth, before Baill-zephon.
+
+10 And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the chil-
+dren of Israel lifted up their eyes, and be-
+hold, the Egyptians were marching after
+them, and they were greatly afraid; and the
+children of Israel cried out unto the Lord.
+
+11 And they said unto Moses, Is it because
+there were no graves in Egypt, that thou
+hast taken us away to die in the Avildemess?
+what is this which tliou hast done to us, to
+bring us forth out of Egypt ?
+
+12 Is not this the word that we spoke unto
+thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we
+may serve the Egyptians? for it is better for
+us to serve the Egyptians than that we should
+die in the wilderness.
+
+13 And Moses said unto the people. Fear
+ye not, stand still, and see the salvation'" of
+the Lord, which he will do for you to-day;
+for as ye' have seen the Egyptians to-day, ye
+shall not see them again any more for ever.
+
+14 The Lord will fight for jou, and ye
+shall hold your peace.*
+
+15 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses,
+Wherelbre criest thou unto me? speak luito
+the children of Israel, that they go forward ;
+
+IG But do thou lift up thy staft", and
+stretch out thy hand over the sea, and divide
+it; and the children of Israel shall go through
+the midst of the sea on dry ground.
+
+17 And I, behold, I will harden the heart
+of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them :
+and I will get myself honour on Pharaoh,
+
+
+^ "Those that fought in chariots upon all," Arnheim;
+who translates ty'^tS', Shahlish, always in the same man-
+ner.
+
+" " Deliverance," Onkelos. "Assistance," Mendels-
+sohn, and others.
+
+' The word ityx has been rendered, after Onkelos, as
+though it were ttyxD, "in the manner that;" in this seuse
+the prophecy has been literally fulfilled, which wouli' not
+be, if we render it, "the Egyptians whom ye see;" thnugb
+Arnheim aud others translate in tlie last manner.
+
+
+EXODUS XIV. XV. BESHALLACH.
+
+
+and on all his host, on his chariots, and on
+his horsemen.
+
+18 And the Egyptians shall know that I
+am the LoKU, when I have got ni^yself honour
+on Pharaoh, on his chariots, and on his horse-
+men.
+
+19 And the angel of God, that went liefore
+the camp of Israel, removed and went behind
+them ; and the pillar of cloud removed from
+before them, and stood behind them ;
+
+20 And it came between the camp of the
+Egyptians and the camp of Israel ; and it was
+a cloud and darkness (to the first), but it
+gave light by night (to these) : and the one
+came not near unto the other all the night.
+
+21 And Moses stretched out his hand over
+the sea; and the Lord drove back the sea
+with a strong east wind all that night, and
+made the sea dry land, and the waters were
+divided.
+
+22 And the children of Israel went into
+the midst of the sea upon the dry ground :
+and the waters were a wall unto them, on
+their right hand, and on their left.
+
+23 And the Egyptians pursued, and went
+in after them, all Pharaoh's horses, his chari-
+ots, and his horsemen, to the midst of the
+sea.
+
+24 And it came to pass in the morning
+watch, that the Lord looked unto the camp
+of the Egyptians with the pillar of fire and
+of the cloud, and brought into confusion the
+camp of the Egyptians ;
+
+25 And he took off the wheels of their
+chariots, and caused tliem to move onward
+with difficulty; and the Egyptians said, Let
+us flee from the face of Israel ; for the Lord
+fighteth for them against the Egyptians. "'■
+
+26 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses,
+Stretch out thy hand over the sea,, and the
+waters shall return over the Egyptians, over
+their chariots, and over their horsemen.
+
+27 And Moses sti'etched forth his hand
+over the sea, and the sea returned, when the
+morning appeared, to its strength; while the
+Egyptians were fleeing against it; and the
+Lord o\'erthrew the Eg^'ptians in the midst
+of the sea.
+
+28 And the waters returned, and covered
+the chariots, and the horsemen with all the
+host of Pharaoh that came after them into
+the sea : there remained of them not even one.
+
+20 But the children of Israel walked upon
+dry ground in the midst of the sea; and the
+
+
+waters were vnito them a Avail on their right'
+hand, and on their left.
+
+30 Thus the Lord saved Israel on that day
+out of the hand of the Egyptians ; and Israel
+saw the Egyptians dead upon the shore of
+the sea.
+
+31 And Israel saw that great jwwer whicli
+the Lord had shown on the Egyptians : and
+the people feared the Lord, and they believed
+in the Lord, and in Moses his servant.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 Tl Then sang Moses and the children of
+Israel this song unto the Lord, and thus did
+they say, I will sing unto the Lord, for he
+hath triumphed gloriously : the horse and his
+rider hath he thrown into the sea.
+
+2 My strength and song is the Lord, and
+lie is become my salvation : he is my God,
+and I will declare his praise," the God of my
+father, and I will exalt him.
+
+3 The Eternal is the lord of war ; the
+Eternal is his name.
+
+4 The chariots of Pharaoh and his host
+hath he hurled into the sea; and the chosen
+of his captains are sunk in the Red Sea.
+
+5 The depths have covered them; they
+went down to the bottom as a stone.
+
+G Thy right hand, 0 Lord, is Ijccome glori-
+ous in power; tliy right hand, 0 IjORD, hath
+dashed in pieces the enenu'.
+
+7 And in the greatness of thy I'xcellency
+hast thou overthrown those that rose up
+against thee; thou didst send forth thy wrath,
+it consumed them as stuliljle.
+
+8 And with the breatli of thy nostrils the
+waters were heaped up together, the floods
+stood upright as a Mall ; congealed were the
+depths in the heart of the sea.
+
+9 The enemy said, I will piu'sue. I will
+overtake, I will divide the spoil; wry desire
+shall be satisfied upon them ; I will draw my
+sword, my hand sliall destroy them.
+
+10 Thou didst Ijlow with thy wind, the sea
+covered them : they sunk as lead in mighty
+waters.
+
+11 Who is like unto thee, 0 Lord, among
+the mighty? who is like unto thee, glorious
+in holiness, fearful in praises, doins wonders?
+
+12 Thou didst stretch out thy right hand,
+the earth swallowed them.
+
+13 Thou leadest forth in thv kindness the
+
+
+''Others trau.slatc, "I will builJ liim a liiiMtaliini."
+
+
+EXODUS XV. XVI. BESHALLACH.
+
+
+"people thou hast redeemed; thou guidest it
+in tliy strength unto the habitation of tliy
+lioliness.
+
+14 Nations hear it and tremble: sorrow
+seizetli the inhabitants of Palestine.
+
+15 Then were troubled the dukes of Edom;
+the mighty men of Moab, trembling seizetli
+them ; faint-hearted'' become all the inhabit'
+ants of Canaan.
+
+IG Fear and dread shall fall upon them;
+by the greatness of thy arm they shall be still
+as a stone : till thy people jJ^iss over, 0 Lord,
+till this jjeople pass over, which thou hast
+jjurchased.
+
+17 Thou wilt bring them, and plant them
+on the mountain of thy inheritance, the place,
+0 Lord, which thou hast wrought for thy resi-
+dence, the sanctuary, 0 Lord, which thy
+hands have established.
+
+18 Tlie Lord will reign for ever and ever.
+
+19 For the horse of Pharaoh went in with
+his chariots and with his horsemen into the
+sea, and the Lord brought again upon them
+the waters of the sea; but the children of
+Israel went on dry ground through the midst
+of the sea.
+
+20 ^ Then took Miriam the prophetess,
+the sister of Aaron, a timbrel in her hand;
+and all the women went out after her with
+timbrels and with dances.
+
+21 And Miriam began her song to them,
+Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed
+gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he
+thrown into the sea.
+
+22 ^ And Moses caused Israel to depart
+from the Eed Sea, and they went out into the
+wilderness of Shur ; and they went three days
+in the Avilderness, and found no water.
+
+23 And they came to Marah; but they
+could n(jt drink the waters of Marali, for they
+were bitter; therefore they called its name
+Marah.^
+
+24 And the people nun-mured against
+Moses, saying. What shall we drink ?
+
+25 And he cried unto the Lord; and the
+Lord showed him a tree, which he cast into
+the waters, and the waters were made sweet :
+there he made lor them a statute and an ordi-
+nance, and there lie jiroved tln'iii.
+
+2G And he said, If thou wilt diligently
+
+
+" Jjit. " Tliey are lueltcd," i. e. from fear.
+'' Miirnh signitic-i " liit.tor." The thvdwing in of a tree
+in tliu wak'r, to cure it, was another cvideiioc of the power
+
+
+hearken to the voice of the Lord thy God.
+and wilt do that which is right in his eyes,
+and wilt give ear to his commandments, and
+wilt keep all his statutes : I will put none of
+those diseases upon thee, which I have brought
+upon the Egyptians; for I the Lord am thy
+jihysician.*
+
+27^ And they came to Elim, and there were
+twelve wells of Avater, and seventy palm-trees :
+and they encamped there by the water.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 And they took their journey from Elim,
+and all the congregation of the children of
+Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which
+is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth
+day of the second month after their departing
+out of the land of Egypt.
+
+2 And the whole congregation of the chil-
+dren of Israel murmured against Moses and
+Aaron in the wilderness :
+
+3 And the children of Israel said unto
+them, AVould to Gt)d that we had died by the
+hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when
+we sat by the tiesh-pot, when we ate bread to
+the full ; for ye have brought us forth into
+this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly
+with hunger.
+
+4 ^ Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold,
+I will let rain for you bread from heaven ;
+and the people shall go out and gather a cer-
+tain pcn-tion every day, in order that I may
+prove it, ^vhether it will walk in my law, or
+not.
+
+5 And it shall come to pass, on the' sixth
+da}', when they prepare what they shall lui\e
+brought in, that it shall be twice as much as
+they shall gather daily.
+
+6 And Moses and Aaron said unto all the
+children of Israel, At evening, then shall ye
+know that it is the Lord who hath brought
+•you out from the land of Egy})t :
+
+7 And in the morning, then shall ^e see
+the glory of the Lord; since he heareth your
+nuirnnn-ings against the Lord; and what are
+we, that ye should murmur against us?
+
+8 And Moses said, When the Lord giveth
+you in the evening flesh to eat, and bread in
+the morning to the full; since the Lord hear-
+eth your murmurings ■which ye murnuir
+
+
+of God to jiroducc an effect with means by no means ade-
+quate ; nut that tliere wa.s any special power iu the wood
+itself.
+
+
+EXODUS XVI. BESIIALLACH.
+
+
+against liiiii : — what are Ave then? not against
+us are your murmurings, but against the Lord.
+
+9 And Moses said unto Aaron, Say vmto
+all the congregation of the children of Israel,
+Come near before the Lord; for he hath heard
+your murmurings.
+
+10 And it came to pass, as Aaron was
+speaking unto the whole congregation of the
+children of Israel, that they turned round to-
+ward the wilderness, and, behold, the glorj-
+of the Lord appeared in the cloud.'''
+
+11 1[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+12 1 have heard the murmurings of the
+childi'en of Israel: speak imto them, saying.
+Toward evening ye shall eat llesli, and in the
+morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye
+shall know that I am the Eternal your God.
+
+13 And it came to pass, that at evening
+the quails came up, and covered the camp;
+and in the morning there was a layer of dew
+round aljout the camp.
+
+14 And when the layer of dew was gone
+up, behold, there Avas upon the face of the
+wilderness something fine in grains, small as
+the hoar-frost, on the ground.
+
+15 And Avhen the children of Israel saw
+it, they said one to another. It is manna, for
+they knew not Avhat it was ; and Moses said
+unto them, This is the bread Avhich the Lord
+hath given j^ou to eat."
+
+16 This is the thing which the L(«d hath
+commanded, Gather of it eA'ery man according
+to his eating; an omer for CAcry head, accord-
+ing to the numljer of your persons that every
+may hath in his tent, shall ye take.
+
+17 And the children of Israel did so; and
+they gathered, some much, some little.
+
+18 And Avhen they measured it Avith an
+omer, he that had gathered much had nothing
+over, and he that had gathered little had no
+lack : every man according to his eating, had
+they gathered.
+
+19 And Moses said, Let no man leave of
+it till the morning.
+
+
+' Mendelssohn, after some authorities, renders xin p
+like ,sin no with " What is this ;" to -which Moses natu-
+rally replies, " This is the bread," &c. But as we have
+no warrant to substitute p for nn, the word has been left
+as it appears at first view, "It is manna," which Arnheim
+thus explains: The Israelites were acquainted with the
+Arabic manna, and called this new product therefore, from
+its similarity, by the same term ; either because the}'
+know no better name, or because they thought it identical.
+
+
+20 But they hearkened not unto Moses;
+but some men left of it until morninoi:, and it
+l)red Avorms, and stank; and Moses Avas Avroth
+Avith them.
+
+21 And so they gathered it e\-er\' morning,
+every man according to his eating; and Avhen
+the sun Avaxed hot, it melted.
+
+22 And it came to pass on the sixth day,
+that they gathered tA\'of(>ld bread, tA\'o omers
+lor every one; and all the rulers of the con-
+gregation came and told it to Moses.
+
+23 And he said unto them, This is Avhat
+the Lc»rd hath spoken, A rest, a holy rest is
+unto the Lord to-morroAA- : that Avliich ye Avill
+Ijake bake to-day,'' and Avhat ac Avill seethe
+seethe to-day; and all the remainder lay up
+for you to be kept until the morning.
+
+24 And they laid it uji till the morning, as
+Moses had bidden; and it did not stink, nor
+Avas there any worm therein.
+
+25 And Moses said. Eat it to-da^-; for a
+sabbath" is this day unto the Lord : to-daA' ye
+Avill not find it in the field.
+
+26 Six days shall a'c gather it; but on the
+seventh day, the sabbath, on it there shall be
+none.
+
+27 And it came to pass on the seventh
+day, that there Avent out some of the people
+to gather ; but they found nothing.
+
+28 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, IIoav
+long refuse ye to keep my commandments
+and my laws ?
+
+29 See, that the Lord hath given you the
+sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth
+day bread for tAvo days; remain ye, every
+man in his place, let no man go out of his
+place on the seA'enth day.
+
+30 So the people rested on the seventh day.
+
+31 And the house of Israel called the name
+thereof Manna, [Man] ; and it Avas like cori-
+ander-seed, Avhite, and its taste Avas like
+Avafers made AA'ith lioney.
+
+32 And Moses saitl, This is the thing
+Avhicli the Lord hath commanded. One omer-
+full of it is to be kept for your generations ; in
+
+
+Moses, however, corrected their opinion, by saying that it
+was a miraculous gift of God. Kashi gives it, " This is a
+preparation of food."
+
+'' The word " to-day" is not in the Hebrew, but it is
+implied in the impcratu-e 13N &c., which form always
+refers to the action which is to be performed at once. Tlie
+present version is after Onkelos and Rashi.
+
+" Properly, shaUiath, "a rest," from roiy, aliahotli, "to
+cease;" hence "to refrain from labour," "to rest."
+
+85
+
+
+EXODUS XVI. XVII. XVIII. YITHRO.
+
+
+order that they may sec the bread which I
+gave you to eat in the wilderness, when I
+brought you forth out of the land of Egypt.
+
+33 And Moses said unto Aaron, take a
+flask, and put therein an omer-full of manna,
+and lay it up before the Lord, to be kept for
+your generations.
+
+34 As the Lord had eommanded Moses, so
+did Aaron lay it uj) before the Testimony, to
+be kept.
+
+35 And the children of Israel ate the
+manna forty years, until they came to an in-
+habited land ; the manna they did eat, until
+they came unto the borders of the land of
+Canaan.
+
+36 But the omer" is a tenth part of an
+epliah.*
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 ^ And all the congregation of the children
+of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of
+Sin, after their journeyings, by the order of
+the Lord; and they encamped in Rephidim,
+and there was no water for the people to
+drink.
+
+2 And the people quarrelled with Moses,
+and said. Give us water that we may drink;
+and Moses said unto them, Why will ye
+quarrel with me? why will ye tem2:)t the
+Lord ?
+
+3 And tlie people thirsted there for water ;
+and the people murmui'ed against Moses, and i
+said, For what purpose is it that thou hast
+brought us up out of Egypt, to kill me'' and
+my cliildren and my cattle with thirst?
+
+4 And Moses cried unto the Lord, saying,
+What shall I do unto this people ? but little
+is wanting and they will stone me.
+
+5 And the Lord said unto Moses, Pass on
+before the people, and take with thee some of
+the eldei's of Israel ; and thy staff', wherewith
+thou smotest the river, take in thy hand, and
+
+6 Behold, I will be standing before thee
+there upon the rock at Horeb ; and thou shalt
+smite the rock, and there shall come out from
+it water, and the people shall drink; and
+
+
+' The contents of an cphah is said by rabbinical autlio-
+rity to bo i-Vl ogg.s; consequently an omeris43J (fowl's)
+
+>-'gg«-
+
+'' Tlic lingular is iisrd here, as in otlier ]>hices, to denote
+
+probably tliat one spoke for the conununity. So also in
+tJenosia xxiii. G, " Hear us, my lord."
+86
+
+
+Moses did so before the eyes of the elders of
+Israel.
+
+7 And he called the name of the place
+Massali" and Meribah ; because of the quarrel-
+ling of the children of Israel, and because
+they tempted the Lord, saying. Is then the
+Lord among us, or not ?
+
+8 ^ Then came Amalek, and fought Avith
+Israel in Rephidim.
+
+9 And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose for
+us men, and go out, fight Avith Amalek ; to
+morrow I will stand on the top of the hill with
+the staffs of God in my hand.
+
+10 And Joshua did as Moses had said to
+him, to fight Avith Amalek; and Moses, Aaron,
+and Chur Avent up to the top of the hill.
+
+11 And it came to pass, Avhen Moses held
+up his hand, that Israel prevailed : and when
+he let doAvn his hand, that Amalek pre\'ailed.
+
+12 But Avhen the hands of Moses became
+heavy, they took a stone, and put it under him,
+and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Chur suj>
+ported his hands, one on one side, and the
+other on the other side; and his hands were
+steady until the going doA\'n of the sun.
+
+13 And Joshua discomfited Anmlek and
+his people Avith the edge of the sAvord.*
+
+14 ^\ And the Lord said unto Moses, Write
+this for a memorial in the Ijook,'' and rehearse
+it in the ears of Joshua; for I Avill utterly
+);)lot out the remembrance of Amalek from
+under the heavens.
+
+15 And Moses built an altar, and called its
+name Adonaij Nisi-y [The Lord is my Banner].
+
+16 And he said. Because'' the Lord hath
+sworn on his throne, that the Lord will have
+Avar Avith Amalek from generation to geftera-
+tion.
+
+Ilaphtorah in -Judges iv. 4 to v. 31. The Portuguese com-
+mence at V. 1.
+
+
+SECTION XVIL YITHRO, Tin'.
+
+CHAPTER XVin.
+
+1 ]| And J ithro, the priest of Midian, Moses'
+father-in-laAv, heard all that God had done
+
+° " Tempting and quarrel," from noj " to prove, to
+tempt," and 311 "to contend, to quarrel."
+
+■^ The book of the Records of Israel, wherein doubt-
+lessly all the occurrences of the nation bad been preserved.
+
+' Arnheim, after Ralbag, (quoted in the name of his
+father,) renders, "Yea the hand on the throne of Yuh (is
+stretched out) for a war with Amalek," &c.
+
+
+EXODUS XVITI. YITIIRO.
+
+
+for Moses, and for Israel his people, that the
+Lord had brought forth Israel out of Egypt.
+
+2 Then took Jithro, the fiither-in-law of
+Moses, Zipporah, the wife of Moses, after he
+had sent her back,
+
+3 And her two sons ; of whom the name of
+the one was Gershom; for he said, I have
+been a stranger in a foreign land :
+
+4 And the name of the other was Eliezer;-''
+for the God of my father was my help, and
+delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh.
+
+5 And Jithro, the father-in-law of Moses,
+came with his sons and his wife unto Moses,
+unto the wilderness, where he was encamped
+at the mount of God.
+
+6 And he sent word unto Moses, I thy
+father-in-law Jithro am coming imto thee,
+with thy wife, and her two sons with her.
+
+7 And Moses went out to meet his father-
+in-law, and bowed hims'elf, and kissed him;
+and they asked each other after their welfare ;
+and they went into the tent.
+
+8 And Moses told his fathei'-in-law all
+which the Lord had done unto Pharaoh and
+to tlie Egyptians on account of Israel ; all the
+hardship which had come upon them by
+the way, and how the Lord had delivered
+them.
+
+9 And Jithi'o rejoiced over all the goodness
+which the Lord had done to Israel, that** he
+had delivered it out of the hand" of the
+Egyptians.
+
+10 And Jithro said. Blessed be the Lord,
+who hath delivered you out of the hand of
+the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pha-
+raoh, w'ho hath delivered the people from un-
+der the ha«d of the Egyptians.
+
+11 Now I know that the Eternal is great
+above all gods ; for b}' the very thing wherein
+they sinned presumptuously 'was punishment
+brought upon them.''
+
+12 And Jithro, the father-in-law of Moses,
+
+' From El, " God," and rr.er, " help."
+
+^ Onkelos renders '\tsv. with "who had," &c., referring
+to the antecedent " Lord."
+
+" T " Hand," has several significations iu Hebrew : first,
+the hand itself; then, "power," as in this instance; or
+"means," (as in Esodus ix. 35,) "As the Lord had
+spoken through the hand of Moses ;" " a fixed place, the
+margin of a river," (Exodus ii. 5,) and " portion," "share,"
+"claim," (2 Samuel xix. 44,) &e.
+
+'' After Onkelos. Rashi adds, " They endeavoured to
+destroy the Israelites by water, and they were lost iu
+water." Philippson renders, " namely therein whereby
+ihey had sinned against them," meaning that God's su-
+
+
+ofiered a burnt-oifering and sacritices unto
+God; and Aaron came, with all the elders of
+Israel, to eat bread with the fother-in-law of
+Moses, before God.*
+
+13 And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that Moses sat to judge the people; and the
+people stood around Moses from the morning
+unto the evening.
+
+14 And the father-in-law of Moses saw all
+that he did to the people; and he said, Wliat
+is this thing that thou doest to the people ?
+why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the
+people standeth around thee from morning
+until evening?
+
+15 And Moses said unto his lather-in-law.
+Because the people cometh unto me to inquire
+of God.
+
+16 When they have a matter of dispute,
+they come unto me; and I judge between one
+and the other, and I make them know the
+statutes of God, and his laws.
+
+17 And the father-in-law of Moses said
+unto him. The thing that thou doest is not
+good.
+
+18 Thou wilt surely wear away, Ijoth thou,
+and this people that is with thee; for the
+thing is too heavy for thee; thou wilt not
+be able to perform it by thj-self alone.
+
+19 Now hearken unto my voice, I will give
+thee counsel, and ma}- God be with thee, Be
+thou for the people a mediator" with God,
+that thou mayest bring the causes unto God.
+
+20 And thou shalt explain to them the
+statutes and the laws; and tliou shalt make
+them know the way wherein they must walk,
+and the work that they must do.
+
+21 Moreover, thou shalt select out of all the
+people able men, such as fear God, men of
+truth, hating (their own) gain ;^ and place
+these over them, as rulers of thousands, rulers
+of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of
+tens.
+
+periority was displayed, since the Egyptians and their
+gods prevailed not in the very acts of their presumptimi
+agaiust Israel. The English version seems to have adopt-
+ed in some degree the same view. Arnheim, after Aben
+Ezra, renders "For he punished them because they had
+acted wickedl}' toward them."
+
+" Meaning, that 3Ioses should represent the people with
+God, hear what he teaches, and then instruct those who
+had sent him.
+
+' This means, disintere.sted men, who in hearing causes
+brought before them will decide without reference whe-
+ther their own advantage be secured by their judgment
+or not.
+
+87
+
+
+//
+
+
+EXODUS XVIII. XIX. YITHRO.
+
+
+22 And let them judge the people at all
+times; and it shall be, that every great mat-
+ter they shall Ijring unto thee, but every
+small matter they shall judge themselves: so
+shall it be easier for thee, when they shall
+bear with thee.
+
+23 If thou wilt do this thing, and God
+commandeth it thee, then wilt thou be able
+to endure; and also the whole of this people
+will come to its place in peace.*
+
+24 And Moses hearkened to the voice of
+his father-in-law, and did all that he had
+said.
+
+25 And Moses chose able men out of all
+Israel, and placed them as heads over the
+people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hun-
+dreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
+
+26 And they judged the people at all
+times ; any difficult cause they brought unto
+Moses, but every small cause they judged
+themselves.
+
+27 And Moses dismissed his fiither-in-law ;
+and he went his way unto his own land.*
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 ^[ In the third month, after the children of
+Israel were gone forth out of the land of
+Egypt, the same day they came into the
+wilderness of Sinai.
+
+2 For they had departed from Rephidim,
+and they came to the desert of Sinai, and en-
+camped in the wilderness; and Israel en-
+camped there opposite the mount.
+
+3 And Moses went np unto God, and the
+Lord called unto him from the mount, saying.
+Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob,
+and tell the children of Israel :
+
+4 Ye" have yourselves seen wliat I have
+done unto the Egyptians, and how I bore you on
+eagles' wings,*" and brought you unto myself
+
+5 Now therefore, if you will truly obey ray
+voice, and keep my covenant, then sliall ye
+be unto me a peculiar treasure abo\'e all na-
+tions; for all the earth is mine:
+
+6 And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of
+priests, and a holy nation ; these are the words
+which thou shalt speak unto the children of
+Israel.
+
+
+" The things which I have done to Egypt are not a
+tradition among you or brought to your notice by messen-
+ger or witness ; through many sins had they been guilty
+before they injured you; but I did not punish them ex-
+cept for your sake. — Rasiii.
+
+'' " As the eagle Ijears aloft his viiiiii;, over every obsta-
+
+
+7 And Moses came and called for the elders
+of the people, and laid Itefore them all these
+words which the Lord had commanded him.
+
+8 And all the people answered unani-
+mously, and said, All that the Lord hath
+spoken will we do; and Moses returned the
+words of the people unto the Lord.
+
+9 And the Lord said unto Moses, Behold, I
+will come unto thee in a thick cloud, for the
+sake that the people raaj hear when I speak
+with thee, and that also in thee they shall
+believe" for ever: and Moses told the words
+of the people unto the Lord.
+
+10 And the Lord said unto Moses, Go unto
+the people, and sanctify them to-day and to-
+morrow, and let them wash their clothes.
+
+11 And they shall be ready against the
+third day; for on the third day will the Lord
+come down, before the eyes of all the people,
+upon mount Sinai. *
+
+12 And thou shalt set bounds unto the
+people, round about, saying, Take heed to
+yourselves, that yc go not up into the mount,
+nor touch the border of it; whosoever touch-
+eth the mount shall surely be put to death.
+
+13 Yet not a hand shall touch him, but he
+shall surely be stoned, or shot through ;
+whether it be beast or man, it shall not live;
+when the trumpet soundeth long, they'^ may
+come up to the mount.
+
+14 And Moses went down from the mount
+unto the people, and sanctified the people:
+and they washed their clothes.
+
+15 And he said unto the people. Be ready
+against the third day; approach not unto a
+woman.
+
+16 And it came to j^ass on the third day
+when it was morning, that there were thun-
+ders and lightnings, and a heavy cloud was
+upon the mount, and the voice of the cornet
+was exceedingh' loud; so that all the people
+that were in the camp tremljled.
+
+17 And Moses brought forth the people
+out of the camp to meet with God ; and they
+placed themselves at the foot of the mount.
+
+18 And mount Sinai smoked in every part,
+because the Lord had descended upon it in
+fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the
+
+cle, and carries them even across the sea, so have I brought
+you safely through the sea, and you were not injured." —
+DUBNO.
+
+° ■/. f. Have trust or confidence in the truth of his
+
+
+mission.
+" Abci
+
+
+i-efers tins to Aaron, his sons and the elders
+
+
+EXODUS XIX. XX. YITHEO.
+
+
+smoke of a furnace, ard the whole mount
+quaked greatly.
+
+19 And the voice of the cornet A\ent on,
+and waxed louder and louder; Moses spoke,
+and God answered him with a loud voice.*
+
+20 And the Lord came down upon mount
+Sinai, on the top of the mount; and the Lord
+called Moses up to the top of the mount, and
+Moses went up.
+
+21 And the Lord said unto Moses, Go
+down, charge the people, lest they break
+through unto the Lord to gaze, and many of
+them might perish.
+
+22 And the priests also, who come near
+to the Lord, shall sanctify themselves; lest
+the Lord break forth among them.
+
+23 And Moses said unto the Lord, The
+people cannot come up to mount Sinai; for
+thou hast charged us, saying. Set bounds
+about the mount and sanctify it.
+
+24 And the Lord said unto him. Go, get
+thee down, and then shalt thou come up,
+thou, and Aaron with thee; but the priests
+and the people shall not break through to
+come up unto the Lord, lest he Ijreak forth
+among them.
+
+25 So Moses went down unto the people,
+and spoke unto them.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ][ And God spoke all these words, say-
+ing,
+
+2^1 am the Lord thy God, who have
+brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of
+the house of slavery.''
+
+3 Thou shalt have no other gods before
+me.
+
+4 Thou shalt not make unto thyself any
+graven image, or any likeness of any thing
+that is in heaven above, or that is on the
+earth beneath, or that is in the water under
+the earth.
+
+5 Thou shalt not bow thyself down to
+
+' Heb. "House of servants" or "slaves," and means
+simply the state of bondage or slavery. According to
+Jewish opinions, "I am the Lord thy God" is the Jirst
+conuuandment, and enjoins on us to believe in the Eter-
+nal alone, as God and Creator, who manifested himself to
+us when we were bondmen in Egypt, whence he redeemed
+us through the great deeds he wrought in our behalf.
+" Thou shalt have," &c. commences the second command-
+ment.
+
+'' This means, "watchful of his glory, and unwilling to
+1 anion idolatry."
+
+• "If the children hate me." — Rashbam. Onkelos
+M
+
+
+them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy
+God am a jealous*" God, visiting the iniquity
+of the fiithers upon the children, unto the
+third and fourth generation of them that
+hate" me;
+
+6 And showing mercy unto the thousandth
+generation of them that love me, and keep
+my commandments.
+
+7 T[ Thou shalt not take'' the name of tlio
+Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not
+hold him guiltless that taketh his name in
+vain.
+
+8 ^ Remember the sabbath day to keep it
+holy.^
+
+9 Six days shalt" thou labour, and do all
+thy work.
+
+10 But the seventh day is the sabbath in
+honour of the Lord thy God ; on it thou shalt
+not do any woi'k, neither thou, nor thy son,
+nor thy daughter*, thy man-seivant, nor thy
+maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger
+that is within thy gates;
+
+11 For in six days the Lord made the
+heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that
+is in them, and rested on the seventh day;
+therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day,
+and liallowed it.
+
+12 ^ Honour thy father and thy mother;
+in order that tliy days may be prolonged
+upon the land which the Lord thy God giv-
+eth thee.
+
+13 Tf Thou shalt not kill.
+
+][ Thou shalt not commit adultery.
+il Thou shalt not steal.
+][ Thou shalt not bear false witness against
+thy neighbour.
+
+14 ^ Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's
+house.
+
+Tl Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife,
+nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant,
+nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is
+thy neighbour's.*
+
+15 T[ And all the people perceived*^ the
+
+
+paraphrases, "if the children persevere to sin after their
+fathers."
+
+^ This means, that we shall not utter, "bear on our
+lips," the blessed Name. — "Vain" includes hoth false /j/
+and itscUsslff.
+
+° Others render, "mayest," or "canst:" still the sense
+is the same; meaning, that whatever labour is performed
+must be done in the six week-days, to the exclusion of
+the sabbath.
+
+' The Hebrew word D'NT from riNI " to see," is evi-
+dently used here in the general sense, "to perceive," "tc
+become aware of."
+
+80
+
+
+EXODUS XX. XXI. MISIIPAHTIM.
+
+
+thunders, and the lightnings, and the sound
+of the cornet, and the mountain smoking ;
+and when the people saw it, they removed
+trembling, and stood afar off.
+
+16 And they said unto Moses, Speak thou j
+with us, and we will hear;" but let not God
+speak with us, lest we die.
+
+17 And Moses said unto the people. Fear
+not; for in order to prove you, did God come,
+and in order that his fear may be before your
+faces, that ye sin not.
+
+18 And the people stood afar off, and
+Moses drew near unto the thick darkness
+where God was.*
+
+19 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, Thus
+shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, Ye
+have seen that from heaven I have spoken
+with you.
+
+20 Ye shall not make any thing with me;
+gods of silver, and gods of gold ye shall not
+make unto yourselves.
+
+21 An altar of earth shalt thou make unto
+me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt^
+offerings, and thy peace-offerings, thy sheep,^
+and thy oxen ; in every place where I shall
+permit my name to be mentioned, I will come
+unto thee, and I will bless thee.
+
+22 And if thou wilt make me an altar of
+stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone;
+for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast
+polluted it.
+
+23 Neither shalt thou go up by steps upon
+my altar, that thy nakedness be not laid open
+thereon.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah vi. 1 to 13. The Germans read to vii.
+6, and add ix. 5 and 6.
+
+
+SECT. XVIII. MISHPAHTIM, D'LDGtTO.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ And these are the laws of justice which
+thou shalt set before them.
+
+2 If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years
+
+
+' Onkelos gives, " We will accept," thus signifying
+their willingness to follow what might be taught them in
+the name of God, whose presence they feared henceforth
+to cncounlcr. 15ut Moses, in accepting this trust, assured
+them that the Lord's object in showing his glory, was
+merely that they might always remember this scene and
+Bin not.
+
+'' llashi regards " thy sheep and thy oxen" as an ex-
+planation of the preceding words ; thus, " thy peace-offer-
+ings of thy sheep and of thy oxen."
+90
+
+
+"shall he serve; and in the seventh he shall
+go out free for nothing.
+
+3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out
+by himself; if he was the husband of a
+woman, then shall his wife go out with
+him.
+
+4 If his master should give him a wife, and
+she bear him sons or daughters: the wife
+and her children shall belong to her master,
+and he shall go out by himself
+
+5 And if the servant should plainly say, I
+love my master, my wife, and my children ;
+I will not go out free :
+
+6 Then shall his master bring him unto
+the judges, and he shall bring him to the
+door, or unto the door-post; and his master
+shall bore his ear through with an awl; and
+he shall serve him till the jubilee."
+
+7 ]| And if a man sell his daughter for a
+maid-servant, she shall not go out as the men-
+servants go out.
+
+8 If she please not her master, to whom
+he* hath assig-ned her, then shall he aid her
+to be redeemed; unto a strange nation he
+shall have no power to sell her, seeing he hath
+dealt faithlessly with her.
+
+9 And if he should assign her unto his son,
+then shall he do unto her after the right
+of the daughters.
+
+10 If he take himself another wife, her
+food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage,
+shall he not diminish.
+
+11 And if he do not these three things
+unto her, then shall she go out free, without
+money.
+
+12 ][ He that smiteth a man, so that he
+die, shall surely be put to death.
+
+13 And if he did not lie in wait, but God
+let it come into his hand, then will I appoint
+thee a place whither he shall flee.
+
+14 ^f But if a man come presumptuously
+upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile,
+from my altar shalt thou take him, that he
+may die.
+
+
+"Lit. "for ever;" but servitude is hereafter (Levit.
+XXV. 10) limited to the Juhike, which is accordingly the
+eternity of bondage, beyond wliieh it could not exist.
+
+'' Arnheim makes the word "man" of verse 7, the
+nominative of all the verbs in verse 8, and renders the
+last, "since he acteth faithlessly by her;" meaning, in
+case he sell her to a foreigner who cannot marry her, by
+which she becomes a bondwoman, which the children of
+Israel should never be. Tiiis is a strong proof of the high
+esteem females enjoyed among the early Israelites.
+
+
+KETURN OK MOSliS KROM IVlOUNX SIKAI.
+
+
+EXODUS XXI. XXII. MISHPAHTIM.
+
+
+15 Tl And he that smitotli his father, or
+his mother, shall surely be put to death.
+
+16 ^[ And he that stealeth a man, and
+selleth him, and he be found" in his hand,
+shall surely be put to death.
+
+17 ^[ And he that curseth his father, or
+his mother, shall surely be put to death.
+
+18 ][ And if men strive together, and one
+smite the other with a stone, or with the fist,
+and he die not, but keepeth his bed :
+
+19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon
+his crutch, then shall he that smote him be
+quit; only he shall pay for the loss of his
+time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly
+healed.'''
+
+20 ][ And if a man smite his servant or
+his maid, Avith a rod, and he die under his
+hand, it shall be surely avenged.
+
+21 Nevertheless, if he continue alive a day
+or two, it shall not be avenged; for he is his
+money.
+
+22 ][ If men strive, and hurt a woman
+with child, so that her children depart from
+her, and vet no farther mischief follow: he
+shall be surely punished, (with a fine,) accord-
+ing as the husband of the woman will lay
+upon him; and he shall pay this by the
+decision of the judges.
+
+23 And if any mischief follow, then shalt
+thou give life for life,
+
+24 Eye for eye,'' tooth for tooth, hand for
+hand, foot for foot,
+
+25 Burning for burning, wound for wound,
+bruise for bruise.
+
+26 ^ And if a man smite the eye of his sei'-
+vant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish,
+he shall let him go free for the sake of his
+eye.
+
+27 And if he strike out his man-servant's
+tooth, or his maid-servant's tooth, he shall let
+him go free for the sake of his tooth.
+
+28 \ If an ox gore a man or a woman,
+that he die: then shall the ox be surely
+stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but
+the owner of the ox shall l^e quit.
+
+29 But if the ox ^vere wont to gore in time
+past, and warning have been given to his
+
+
+• If witnesses have seen that he has stolen and sold
+him, and he was found before the sale. — Rashi, after
+Sanhedrin, 85.
+
+*■ According to the laws as executed in Israel, (see
+Baha Kama, viii. § 1,) this injunction was understood as
+applying merely to make restitution in money for the in-
+jury inflicted. That this exposition is strictly conform-
+
+
+owner, and he hath not kept him in, and he
+killeth a man or a woman: the o.x shall be
+stoned, twid his owner also should of right be
+put to death ;
+
+30 But there shall be laid on him a sum
+of money in atonement, and he shall give the
+ransom of his life whatsoever may be laid
+upon him.
+
+31 If he gore a son, or gore a daughter, ac-
+cording to this judgment shall be done unto
+him.
+
+32 If the ox gore a man-servant or a maid-
+servant, thirty shekels of silver shall he" give
+to his master, and the ox shall be stoned.
+
+33 ^ And if a man open a pit, or if a man
+dig a pit, and do not cover it, and an ox or
+an ass fall therein:
+
+34 The owner of the pit shall make it
+good, he shall make restitution in money unto
+the owner thereof; and the de.ad beast shall
+be his.
+
+35 \ And if one man's ox hurt the ox of
+another, that he die : then shall they sell the
+live ox, and divide his money; and the dead
+ox also they shall divide.
+
+36 But if it be known that tne ox was
+wont to gore in time past, and his o^vner hath
+not kept him in : he shall surely pay ox for
+ox; and the dead shall belong to him.''
+
+37 \ If a man steal an ox or a sheep, and
+kill it, or sell it: five oxen shall he restore
+for one ox, and four sheep for one sheep.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 If a thief be found while breaking in,
+and be smitten so that he die, there shall no
+blood be shed for him.
+
+2 If the sun be risen upon him, there shall
+be blood shed for him; he shall make full
+restitution ; if he have nothing, then shall he
+be sold for his theft.
+
+3 If the thing stolen be actually found in
+his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or
+sheep, he shall restore double.*
+
+4 ^ If a man cause a field or vineyard to
+be eaten ofi', and he let his beasts enter, and
+they feed in another man's field: with the
+
+able to the sacred test, can be proved from the passage,
+Numbers xxxv. 31, "And ye shall not take a ransom for
+the life of a miu'dcrer who is guilty of death," which
+clearly means "from a murderer ye shall take no ransom,
+but ye may do it from one who inflicts a wound only."
+
+" The owner of the ox.
+
+^ The English version ends hero chap. xxi.
+
+91
+
+
+EXODUS XXII. MISHPAHTIM.
+
+
+Ijest of his own field, and with best of his own
+vineyard, shall he make restitution.
+
+5 ^ If a fire break out, and meet wdth
+thorns, so that stacks of corn, or the standing
+corn, or the field, be consumed thereby, he
+that kindled the fire shall surely make resti-
+tution.
+
+6 ^ If a man do deliver unto his neigh-
+bour money or vessels to keep, and it be
+stolen out of the man's house : if the thief be
+found, he shall pay double.
+
+7 If the thief l^e not found, then shall the
+master of the house be brought unto the
+judges, (to swear) that he have not stretched
+out his hand against his neighboui''s goods.
+
+8 For all manner of trespass, for ox, for
+ass, for lamb, for raiment, or for any manner
+of lost tiling, of which he" can say, This is it,
+before the judges shall come the cause of
+both parties, and he, whom the judges may
+condemn, shall pay double unto his neigh-
+bour.
+
+9 ^ If a mau deliver unto his neighbour
+an ass, or an ox, or a lamb, or any beast, to
+keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away,
+no man seeing it :
+
+10 Then shall an oath of the Lord be lie-
+tween them both, that he have not stretched
+out his hand against his neighbour's goods;
+and the owner of it shall accept this, and he
+shall not make it good.
+
+11 But if it be stolen from him, he shall
+make restitution unto the owner thereof.
+
+12 K it be torn in pieces, then let him
+bring it as evidence ;'' that which was torn he
+shall not make good.
+
+13 ][ And if a man borrow aught of his
+neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner
+thereof not being with it, he shall surely make
+it good.
+
+14 But if the owner thereof be with it, he
+shall not make it good ; if it be a hired thing,
+the loss is included in its hire."
+
+15 ^ And if a man seduce a virgin that is
+not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall
+surely endow her to be his wife.
+
+* " The witness," »'. e. which he can identify. — Aben
+Ezra. — From 6 to 8 is considered as rehiting to a case
+where the goods arc left without cliarge for keeping; but
+from 9 to 12 where hire is paid for the care required.
+
+''Compare with Amos iii. 12. Rashi and Onkelos:
+" He shall bring witnesses."
+
+" Meaning, tiie owner can only claim the money agreed
+upon for the hire, but no farther restitution. This ver-
+92
+
+
+16 If her father refuse to give her unto
+him, he shall pay money according to the
+dowry of virgins.
+
+17 1[ Thou shaft not suffer a witch to live.
+
+18 Whosoever lieth with a beast shall
+surely be put to death.
+
+19 ^ lie that sacrificeth unto any god,
+save imto the Lord only, shall be utterly de-
+stroyed.
+
+20 And a stranger thou shalt not vex, and
+shalt not oppress him ; for strangers ye were
+in the land of Egypt.
+
+21 Ye shall not afflict any widow, or father-
+less child.
+
+22 If thou afflict him in anj' wise;"^ (for if
+he cry at all unto me, I will surely hear his
+cry:)
+
+23 My wrath shall wax hot, and I will
+slay you with the sword; and your wives
+shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
+
+24 ^ If thou lend money to my people, to
+the poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as
+a lender of money ; thou slialt not lay upon
+him usury.
+
+25 If thou take at all thy neighbour's
+raiment in pledge, thou shalt restore it unto
+him by the time the sun goeth do'wn ;
+
+26 For it is his only covei'ing, it is his
+raiment for his skin; wherein shall he sleej)?
+and it shall come to pass, when he crieth
+unto me, that I will hear; for I am gracious.*
+
+27 ^ The judges thou shalt not revile;"
+and a ruler among thy people thou shalt not
+curse.
+
+28 The first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy
+liquors, shalt thou not delay to offer; the
+first-born of thy sons shalt thou give unto
+me.
+
+29 In like manner shalt thou do with thy
+ox, Avith thy sheep; seven days it shall be
+with its dam; on the eighth day thou shalt
+give it me.
+
+30 And holy men shall ye be unto me:
+and fiesh that is torn of beasts in the field,
+shall ye not eat; to the dogs shall ye
+cast it.
+
+
+sion is according to Ben 'Uzziel and Mendelssohn; literally,
+"it comes (in) with its hire."
+
+* Kashi regards this as an elliptical verse, thus : "If
+thou afflict him, thou shalt surely be punished, because,
+should he cry unto me, I will hear his cry."
+
+' " This is a prohibition both against blasphemy, and
+cursing tin- judges who sit in the place of God to do
+justice." — Hasiii, after Saiihedrin, 67.
+
+
+EXODUS XXIII. xMISHPAHTlM.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 ^ Thou shalt not receive a false report :
+put not thy hand with tlae wicked to be an
+unrighteous witness.
+
+2 ][ Thou slialt not follow a multitude to
+do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause,
+to incline after many, to wrest judgment.
+
+o Neither shalt thou countenance a poor
+man in his cause.
+
+4 ]y If thou meet thy enemy's ox or his ass
+going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back
+to him again.
+
+5 T[ If thou see the ass of him that hateth
+thee lying under his burden, and wouldest for-
+bear to unload him, (thou must not do so, but)
+thou shalt surely unload with him.*
+
+G ][ Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of
+thy poor in his cause.
+
+7 Kepp thyself far from a false speech ; and
+him who hath been declared innocent and
+rigliteous thou shalt not slay ; for I will not
+justify the wicked.
+
+8 And thou shalt take no bribe ; for the
+bribe blindeth the clear-sighted, and per-
+verteth the words of the righteous.
+
+9 And a stranger slialt thou not oppress ;
+for ye know well the spirit of the stranger,
+seeing ye yourselves were strangers in the
+laud of Egypt.
+
+10 And six years shalt thou sow thy land,
+and shalt gather in the fruits thereof;
+
+11 But the seventh year shalt thou let it
+rest and lie still ; that the needy of thy people
+may eat (of it) ; and what they leave the
+beasts of the field shall eat: in like manner
+shalt thou deal with thy vineyard, and with
+thy olive tree.
+
+12 Six days shalt thou do thy work, and on
+the seventh day shalt thou rest ; that thy ox
+and thy ass may repose, and the son of thy
+hand-maid, and tlie stranger, may be refreshed.
+
+13 And in all things that I have said unto
+you be on your guard; and of tlie name of
+other gods ye shall make no mention, it shall
+not be heard out of thy mouth.
+
+14 Three times shalt thou keep a feast
+unto me in the year.
+
+15 The feast of unleavened bread shalt
+thou keep; seven days shalt thou eat unlea-
+vened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time
+appointed of the month of Abib ; for in it thou
+earnest out from Egypt: and none shall ap-
+pear betore me empty.
+
+
+16 And the feast of harvest, of the first-
+fruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown in
+thy field : and the feast of ingathering, at the
+conclusion of the year, when thou gatherest
+in thy labours out of the field.
+
+17 Three times in the year shall all thy
+males appear before the Lord, the Eternal.
+
+18 Thou shalt not ofler the blood of my
+sacrifice with leavened bread;" neither shall
+the fat of my festive sacrifice remain until
+morning.
+
+19 The first of the first^ruits of thy land
+shalt thou bring unto the house of the Lord
+thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its
+mother's milk.'-'
+
+20 ^ Behold, I send an angel before thee, to
+keep thee on the way, and to bring thee unto
+the place which I have jjrepared.
+
+21 Beware of him, and obey his voice,
+disobey him not ; for he will not pardon your
+transgression, because my name is in him.
+
+22 But if thou wilt carefully hearken to
+his voice, and do all that I shall speak : then
+will I be an enemy unto thy enemies, and af-
+flict those that afflict thee.
+
+23 For my angel shall go before thee, and
+bring thee in unto the Emorites, and the Hit^
+tites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites,
+the Hivites, and the Jebusites ; and I will cut
+them off.
+
+24 Thou shalt not bow down to their gods,
+nor serve them, nor do after their deeds ; but
+thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and com-
+pletely break down their statuary images.
+
+25 And ye shall serve the Lord your God,
+and he will bless thy bread, and thy water;
+and I will remove sickness from the midst of
+thee.*
+
+26 ^ There shall be no one casting her
+children, nor a barren woman, in thy land:
+the number of thy days I will make full.
+
+27 My terror will I send Ijefore thee, and
+will l)ring in confusion all the people to which
+thou shalt come ; and I will make all thy ene-
+mies turn their back unto thee.
+
+28 And I will send hornets before thee,
+and they shall drive out the Hivite, the Ca-
+naanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
+
+29 I will not drive them out from Ijeforc
+thee in one year ; lest the land become deso-
+
+
+" This moans that the passover-lamh shall not he slain
+on the fourteenth of the first mouth, till all the kaveu
+has heen previously removed.
+
+
+EXODUS XXIV. MISHPAIITIM.
+
+
+late, and the beast of the field multiply against
+thee.
+
+30 Little by little will I drive them out
+from before thee, until thou be increased and
+canst possess the land.
+
+31 And T will set thy bounds from the Red
+Sea unto the sea of tlie Philistines, and from
+the desert unto the river; for I will deliver
+into your hand the inhabitants of the land,
+and thou shalt drive them out before thee.
+
+32 Thou shalt not make a covenant with
+them, nor with their gods.
+
+33 They shall not dwell in thy land, lest
+they cause thee to sin against me ; for thou
+mightest (be led* to) serve their gods, and this
+would surely be a snare unto thee.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ][ And unto Moses he said. Come up un-
+to the Lord, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and
+Abihu, and seventy of the eldei's of Israel;
+and ye shall bow yourselves down afar off.
+
+2 And Moses alone shall come near unto
+the Lord, but they shall not come nigh; and
+the people shall not go up with him.
+
+3 And Moses came and told the people all
+the words of the Lord, and all the laws of
+justice ;'' and all the people answered with
+one voice, and said. All the words which the
+Lord hath spoken will we do.
+
+4 And Moses wrote down all the words of
+the Lord, and he rose up early in the morn-
+ing, and built an altar at the foot of the
+mount, and twelve pillars, according to the
+twelve tribes of Israel.
+
+5 And he then sent the young men" of the
+children of Israel, and they oifered burnt-
+offerings, and sacrified peace-ofierings unto
+the Lord, of oxen.
+
+6 And Moses took the half of the blood,
+and put it in basins; and the (other) half of
+the blood he sprinkled on the altar.
+
+7 And he took the book of the covenant,
+
+■Mendelssohn; Rashi, however, renders, "that thou
+mightest serve their gods, which," &c.
+
+'' Those laws according to which judgment is to be
+pronounced by the judges. The word D'OStyo in this
+sense, is rendered in the English version "judgments,"
+which is the same used for □•□■Jiy, properly "judicial pu-
+nishments."
+
+' "The first-born." — Onkelos and Eashi.
+
+'' "In the vision of prophecy." (See Isaiah vi. 1.) —
+Abf.n Ezra.
+
+'' v'7jT nnni is correctly given by Arnlu'iui, " that
+under his feet," i. c. the footstool, or, there where his
+04
+
+
+and read in the hearing of the people ; and
+they said. All that the Lord hath spoken will
+we do and obey.
+
+8 And Moses took the blood and sprinkled
+it on the people, and said, Behold the blood
+of the covenant, which the Lord hath made
+with you concerning all these wox'ds.
+
+9 Then went up Moses, with Aaron, Nadab,
+and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel.
+
+10 And they saw* the God of Israel ; and
+the place" imder his feet was like a paved
+work of brilliant sapphire, and like the colour
+of heaven in clearness.
+
+11 And against the nobles of the children
+of Israel he stretched not forth his hand ; and
+they saw (the glory of) God, and did eat and
+drink.*^
+
+12 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, come
+up to me to the mount, and remain there:
+and I will give thee the tables of stone, with
+the law, and the commandment which I have
+written, to teach them.
+
+13 And Moses rose up, and his servant Jo-
+shua ; and Moses went up to the mount of God.
+
+14 .And unto the elders he said, Tarry ye
+for us here, until the time we come again un-
+to you; and, behold, Aaron and Chur are
+with you, whoever may have an}^ cause to be
+decided, let him come unto them.
+
+15 And Moses went up to the mount, and
+the cloud covered the mount.'''
+
+16 And the glory of the Lord abode upon
+mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six
+days; and he called unto Moses on the seventh
+day out of the midst of the cloud.
+
+17 And the aj^pea ranee of the glory of the
+Lord was like a devouring fire on the toji of
+the mount, before the eyes of the children of
+Israel.
+
+18 And Moses went into the midst of the
+cloud, and ascended the mount; and Moses
+was on the mount forty days and forty nights.
+
+Haphtorah in Jeremiah xxxiv. 8-22 and xxxiii. 25, 20.
+
+feet rested. So also the Septuagint, jtoi ra vnii roi-s Ttoia;
+avtov
+
+' Onkelos paraphrases this verse : " And unto the chiefs
+of the children of Israel there happened no injury, and
+they beheld the glory of God, and they rejoiced in the
+favourable reception of their sacrifices, as though they ate
+and drank," Dulmo, after Ramban : " They ate the peace-
+ofi'erings before tiie altar, at the foot of the mount, and
+they drank, making the occasion one of joy, and a holi-
+day ; for it is a duty to rejoice at the reception of the law;
+see also Deuteroiiuniy xxvii. 7, ' And thou shalt slay
+peace-offerings, and eat lliem there.'"
+
+
+EXODUS XXV. TERUMAH.
+
+
+SECTION XIX. TERUMAH, HOnn.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, that
+they may bring me an oflering;" from every
+man whose heart prompteth him thereto shall
+ye take my ofteriug.
+
+3 And this is the offering which ye shall
+take from them : gold, and silver, and co^^per,
+
+4 And blue, and j^urple, and scarlet yarn,
+and linen thread, and goats' hair,
+
+5 And rams' skins died red, and badgers'
+skins, and shittim wood,""
+
+6 Oil for lighting, spices for the anointing
+oil, and for the incense of spices,
+
+7 Onyx stones, and stones for setting, for
+the ephod, and for the breastplate.
+
+8 And the3' shall make me a sanctuary;
+and I will dwell in the midst of them.
+
+9 In accordance with all that I show thee,
+the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern
+of all the instruments thereof, even so shall
+ye make it.
+
+10 ][ And they shall make an ark of shittim
+wood; two culjits and a half shall be its
+length, and a cubit and a half its breadth,
+and a cubJ-t and a half its height.
+
+11 And thou shaft overlay it ^vith pure
+gold, within and without shalt thou overlay
+it; and thou slialt make upon it a crown of
+gold round about.
+
+12 And thou shalt cast for it four rings of
+gold, and put them on the four corners
+thereof; namely, two rings shall be on the
+one side of it, and two rings on the other side
+of it.
+
+13 And thou slialt make staves of shittim
+wood, and overlay them with gold.
+
+14 And thou shalt place tlie staves into the
+rings, upon the sides of the ark, that the ark
+may be borne with them.
+
+
+" nann, elsewhere given with " heave-offering," is ex-
+plained bj' Rashi to mean " something separated from a
+mass," and it saj's here, " they shall set aside for me from
+their money a free-will offering."
+
+" Some render this word with "acacia wood," viz. that
+of the Acacia arahica, which is said to be very durable,
+light, but growing dark with age. The word is of Egyp-
+tian origin. — After PlllLlprsoN.
+
+■^ The English version, after the Vulgate and Luther,
+readers mgj with "mercy-seat," no doubt deriving the
+
+
+15 In the rings of the ark shall the staves
+remain ; they shall not be removed therefrom.
+
+16 And thou shalt put into the ark the
+testimony which I will give unto thee.*
+
+17 And thou shalt make a cover'' of pure
+gold ; two cubits and a half shall be its length,
+and a cubit and a half its breadth.
+
+18 And thou shalt make two cherubim of
+gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them,
+on the two ends of the cover.
+
+19 And make one cherub on the one end,
+and the other cherub on the other end; from
+the cover itself shall ye make the cherubim
+on the two ends thereof
+
+20 And the cherubim shall be spreading
+forth their wings on iiigh, overshadowing the
+cover with their wings, with their faces turned
+one to the other; toward the cover shall the
+faces of the cherubim be directed.
+
+21 And thou shalt put the cover aljove
+upon the ark; aud in the ark shalt thou put
+the testimony which I will give unto thee.
+
+22 And I will meet with tliee there, and I
+will speak with thee from above the cover,
+from between the two cherubim which are
+upon the ark of the testimony, all that which
+I will command thee unto the children of
+Israel.
+
+23 ^ Thou shalt also make a table of shittim
+wood ; two cubits shall be its length, and a cubit
+its breadth, and a cubit and a half its height.
+
+24 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold,
+and make thereto a crown of gold round about.
+
+25 And thou shalt make unto it a rim of
+a hand's breadth round about ; and thou shalt
+make a golden crown on its rim round about.
+
+26 And thou shalt make for it four rings
+of gold, and thou shalt put the rings on the
+four corners that are on its four feet.
+
+27 Close under the rim shall the rings be;
+as receptacles for the staves, to bear the table.
+
+28 And thou shalt make the staves of shit-
+tim wood, and overlay them with gold; and
+the table shall be borne with them.
+
+
+word from 1-33 "to pardon," thus: "The place whence
+pardon is obtained." The Midrash Tancliuraa agrees
+with this, saying, "Why was it called msD? because it
+atoned for the sins niSDO of Israel." The Septuaginf
+and Japheth (the last cjuoted by Aben Ezra) combine both
+ideas, "the cover of atonement." Philippson translate.^
+accordingly with " SuhnpJaltc" Rashi, however, gives
+it simply 'loj "cover." In the course of this work it is
+probable that " mercy-seat" may be used — as a para-
+phrase, however, not as a literal version of the word.
+
+Bo
+
+
+EXODUS XXV. XXVI. TERUMAII.
+
+
+29 Aud thou shalt make its dishes, and its
+spoons, and its supporters," and its purifying
+tubes, wherewith (the bread) is to be covered :
+of pure gold shalt thou make them.
+
+00 And thou shalt set upon the table show-
+bread Ijefore me always.*
+
+31 ][ Aud thou shalt make a candlestick''
+of pure gold : of beaten work shall the candle-
+stick be made; its shaft, and its branches, its
+bowls, its knobs, and its flowers, shall be out
+of one piece with it.
+
+32 And six branches shall come out of its
+sides; three branches of the candlestick out
+of the one side, and three branches of the
+candlestick out of the other side.
+
+33 Three bowls, almond-shaped, shall be
+on one branch, with a knob and a flower;
+and three bowls almond-shaped on the other
+branch, with a knob and a flower: so on the
+six branches that come out of the candlestick.
+
+34 And on the candlestick itself shall be
+four bowls, almond-shaped, (with) its knobs
+and its flowers.
+
+35 And there shall be a knob under the
+two branches that come out of the same, and a
+knob under the two branches that come out of
+the same, and a knob under the two branches
+that come out of the same; for the six
+brandies that proceed out of the candlestick.
+
+36 Their knobs aud their branches shall be
+out of one piece with it ; all of it shall be one
+piece of beaten work of pure gold.
+
+37 And thou shalt make its seven lamps;
+and when they light its lamps, it shall
+give light toward the body of it.
+
+38 And its tongs, and its snufl-dishes shall
+be of pure gold.
+
+39 Out of a talent of pure gold shall he"
+make it, with all these vessels.
+
+40 And look that thou make them after
+their pattern, which thou wast shown on the
+mount.*
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 ][ The tabernacle also shalt thou make
+of ten curtains, of twisted linen thread, aud
+
+° " The supporters" ai-e said to have been four stakes
+of gohl standing upun the floor, two on each side of the
+table; they were groiived so as to receive tlic "purifying
+tubes," whicli wen; placed between one loaf of the show-
+bread and the other, so as to admit of a fresh ])assage of
+air between them ; others reverse the onhM-, and render,
+"its tubes and its supporters."
+
+'' More correctly, "chandelier."
+96
+
+
+blue, and purple, aud scarlet yum, \\ith che-
+rubim, of weaver's'' work shalt thou make
+them.
+
+2 The length of each curtain shall be eight
+and twenty cubits, and the breadth of each
+curtain four cubits: there sliall be one mea-
+sure for all the curtains.
+
+3 Five of the curtains shall be coupled
+together, one to another; and the other
+five curtains shall be coupled, one to an-
+other.
+
+4 And thou shalt make loops of blue on
+the edge of the one curtain which is on the out-
+side in the (one) coupling; and the like shalt
+thou make on the edge of the curtain which
+is the outmost iu the second coupling.
+
+5 Fifty loops shalt thou make on the one
+curtain, and fifty loojjs shalt thou make on
+the edge of the curtain that is in the second
+coupling; the loops shall be fixed opposite
+each'other.
+
+6 And thou shalt make fifty hooks of gold;
+and thou shalt couple the curtains together
+one unto the other with the hooks, and the
+tabernacle shall thus be one piece.
+
+7 And thou shalt make curtains of goats'
+hair for a tent over the tabernacle; eleven
+curtains shalt thou make the same.
+
+8 The length of each curtain shall be tliirty
+cubits, and the Ijreadth of each curtain four
+cubits: there shall be one measure for the
+eleven curtains.
+
+9 And thou shalt couple five of the cur-
+tains by themselves, and six of the curtains
+l^y themselves; aud thou shalt doul^le the
+sixth curtain towiird the front side of the
+tabernacle.
+
+10 And thou shalt make fifty loops on the
+edge of the one curtain that is the outmost in
+the (one) coupling, and fifty loops on the
+edge of the curtain of the second coupling.
+
+11 And thou shalt make fifty hooks of cop-
+per; and thou shalt put the hooks into the
+loops, and couple the tent together, that it
+may be one piece.
+
+12 And the part hanging over in the excess
+
+
+° i. e. The unknown maker, whoever he may be. This
+construction is very common in Hebrew.
+
+'' 3tyn "weaver," is here used in contradistinction to
+□pi "the embroiderer." The figures in this instance were
+to be woven in, while in the other they were to be wrought
+with a needle, as the "embroiderer" does. The weaver is
+called 3tyn from the fact that "thought" or "art" is re-
+quired ta produce the figures in the loom ; therefore, per-
+
+
+EXODUS XXVI. TERUMAH.
+
+
+of the curtains of the tent," the half curtain
+which is over, shall hang down over the back
+part of the tabernacle.
+
+13 And the cubit on the one side, and the
+cubit on the other side in the excess in the
+length of the curtains of the tent, shall be
+luiniiint!; down over the sides of the tabernacle
+on this side and on that side, to cover it.
+
+14 And thou shalt make a cover for the
+tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a cover of
+badgers' skins above.'-'
+
+15 T[ And thou shalt make the boards for
+the tabernacle of shittim wood, standing up.
+
+16 Ten cubits shall be the length of each
+board, and a cubit and a half shall be the
+breadth of each one board.
+
+17 There shall be two tenons for every
+board, fitted in, one against the other: the
+like shalt thou make for all the boards of the
+tabernacle.
+
+18 And thou shalt make the boards for the
+tabernacle: twenty boards for the south side,
+on the right.
+
+19 And forty sockets of silver shalt thou
+make" under the twenty boards ; two sockets
+under the one board lor its two tenons, and
+two sockets under the other board for its two
+tenons.
+
+20 And for the other side of the tabernacle,
+for the north side, there shall be twent}^
+boards ;
+
+21 And their forty sockets of silver; two
+sockets under the one board, and two sockets
+under the other board.
+
+22 And for the back wall of the tabernar
+cle, westward, thou shalt make six boards.
+
+23 And two boards shalt thou make for
+the corners of the tabernacle in the back
+wall.
+
+24 And they shall be closely fitting to-
+gether beneath, and they shall be closely
+
+baps, "artificial weaver;" German, " Kunstweber;" tbe
+simple artisan is called jix.
+
+' Tbat is : wbat exceeds tbe lengtb of tbe former or
+tabernacle curtains, they being but ten, wbilo tbe tent
+curtains were eleven, or forty cubits against forty-four,
+shall hang trailing down at the back of the tabernacle,
+while the other half, or two cubits in breadth, was to
+. be doubled over and hung down in the front, over the en-
+trance curtain of the sacred structure, as a species of
+festoon.
+
+^ Meaning: the boards were wrought so as to fit quite
+smoothly, one to the other; and the upper end was cut in
+about an inch from each border, through which a ring, or
+clamp, was inserted to hold each two together. While
+
+N
+
+
+joined together on the top by means of one
+ring:'' thus shall it be for both of them; for
+the two corners shall they be.
+
+25 And so they shall be eight boards, and
+their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets: two
+sockets under the one board, and two sockets
+under the other board.
+
+20 And thou shalt make bars of shittim
+wood: five, for the boards of the one side of
+the tabernacle;
+
+27 And five bars for the boards of the
+other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for
+the Ijoards of the side of the tabernacle, for
+the back wall, westward ;
+
+28 And the middle bar in the midst of the
+boards, passing from the one end to the other
+end.
+
+29 And the boards thou shalt overlay with
+gold, and their rings thou shalt make of gold,
+as receptacles for the bars; and tliou shalt
+overlay the bars with gold.
+
+30 And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle,
+according to the fashion thereof, which thou
+hast been shown on the mount.*
+
+31 ^ And thou shalt make a vail of blue,
+and purple, and scarlet yarn, and twisted
+linen, of weavers' work shall it be made, with
+cherubim.
+
+32 And thou shalt hang'' it upon four pillars
+of shittim wood overlaid Avith gold; their
+hooks also shall be of gold; upon four sockets
+of silver.
+
+33 And thou shalt hang up the vail under
+the hooks;' and thou shalt bring in thither
+within the vail the ark of the testimony; and
+the vail shall divide unto you between the
+holy place and the holy of holies.
+
+34 And thou shalt put the cover upon the
+ark of the testimony in the holy of holies.
+
+35 And thou shalt set the table without
+the vail, and the candlestick over against the
+
+
+thus tbe tops of the boards were firmly joined, the bars
+next described were either inserted in the rings, on the
+outside of the boards, or through their centre, tlius ren-
+dering the temporary structure one of great firmness.
+
+■= Lit. "Thou shalt place." The same is also in v. 3.3.
+
+'' Above we are told that the curtains, forming what i.s
+called the "tabernacle," should be coupled by means of
+golden hooks. This work was thrown over the boards
+after they were set up ; and as it rested over the front of
+the sanctuary, the books of course were at tbe end of the
+twentieth cubit thereof; consequently they divided the
+tabernacle proper into two unequal parts : the one of
+twenty cubits was tbe holy place; the other i if ten cubits,
+beyond the vail, the holy of holies.
+
+
+EXODUS XXVI. XXVII. XXVIll. TETZAVVEH.
+
+
+talile on the side of the tabernacle, toward the
+south; and the table thou shalt put on the
+north side.
+
+36 And thou shalt make a hanging for the
+door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and
+scarlet .yarn, and twisted linen ; the work of
+the embroiderer.
+
+37 And thou shalt make for the hanging
+five pillars of shittim wood, and overlap- them
+with gold, their hooks also shall be of gold;
+and thou shalt cast for them five sockets of
+copper.*
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^ And thou shalt make the altar of
+shittim wood : five cubits long, and five cubits
+broad, a foursquare shall the altar be, and
+three cubits shall be its height.
+
+2 And thou shalt make its horns on its
+four corners, from itself shall its boms be;
+and thou shalt overlay it with copper.
+
+3 And thou shalt make its pots to receive
+its ashes, and its shovels, and its basins, and
+its forks, and its fire-pans ; all its vessels thou
+shalt make of copper.
+
+4 And thou shalt make for it a grating, of
+a network of copper; and thou shalt make
+upon the net four rings of copper, on its four
+corners.
+
+5 And thou shalt put it under the compass*
+of the altar beneath, and the net shall reach
+even to the half of the altar.
+
+6 And thou shalt make staves for the
+altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay
+them with copper.
+
+7 And the staves shall be put into the
+riugs, and the staves shall be upon the two
+sides of the altar, when they bear it.''
+
+8 Hollow, of boards, shalt thou make it;
+a.s it was shown to thee on the mount, so
+shall they make it.*
+
+9 ^ And thou shalt make the court of the
+tabernacle: for the south side, on the right,
+the hangings for the court, of twisted linen,
+shall be a hundred cubits in length, for the
+one side.
+
+10 And its pillars shall be twenty, with
+their twenty sockets of copper; the hooks of
+the pillars and their fillets shall ho of silver.
+
+11 Aud likewise for the north side in the
+length there shall be hangings one hundred
+
+• I. e. A sort of gallerj' running round the altar, on
+which the priests stood iu ofiering.
+98
+
+
+cubits in length, and its pillars twenty with
+theii' twenty sockets of copper; the hooks of
+the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.
+
+12 And (for) the breadth of the court on
+the west side shall be fifty cubits of hangings ;
+their pillars shall be ten, and their sockets
+ten.
+
+13 And the breadth of the court on the
+' front side, eastward, shall be fifty cubits.
+
+! 14 And fifteen cubits of hangings shall be
+on the one wing; their pillars shall be three
+and their sockets three.
+
+15 And on the other wing shall be fifteen
+cubits of hangings ; their j^iHars shall be three,
+and their sockets three.
+
+16 And for the gate of the court shall be
+a hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and pur-
+ple, and scarlet yarn, and twisted linen, the
+work of the embroiderer; with four pillars for
+the same, and their four sockets.'^'
+
+17 All the pillars round about the court
+shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall
+be of silver, and their sockets of copper.
+
+18 The length of the court shall be one
+hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty b_y fifty,
+and the height five cubits, of twisted linen,
+and the sockets for the same of copper.
+
+19 All the vessels of the tabernacle iu all
+the service thereof, aud all its pins, and all
+the pins of the court, shall be of copper.
+
+Haphtorah in 1 Kings v. 26 to vi. 13.
+
+
+SECTION XX. TETZAVVEH, mvn.
+
+20 *(\ And tliou shalt command the chil-
+dren of Israel, that they bring thee pure olive
+oil, beaten out, for the lighting, to cause a
+light to burn always.
+
+21 In the tabernacle of the congregation,
+without the vail, which is before the testi-
+mony, shall Aaron with his sous arrange it
+(for) from the evening to the morning, be-
+fore the Lord; as a statute for ever unto
+their generations, on behalf of the children of
+Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 ^ And thou shalt let come near unto
+thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with
+him, from among the children of Israel, that
+he may be a priest unto me; Aaron, Nadab
+
+'' This implies, that at other times they shall be taken
+out, but from the ark they were never to be iiio\ed.
+
+
+EXODUS XXVIII. TETZAVVJ]H.
+
+
+and Abihu, Elazar and Ithamar, the sons of
+Aai'on.
+
+2 And thou shalt make holy garments for
+Aaron thy brother, for glory and for orna-
+ment.
+
+3 And thou shalt speak unto all that are
+■wiseheartcd, whom I have filled with the
+spirit of wisdom, that they may make gar-
+ments for Aaron, to sanctify him, that lie
+may be a priest unto me.
+
+4 And these are the garments which they
+shall make : a breastplate, and an ephod, and
+a, robe, and a checkered coat, a mitre, and a
+girdle; and they shall make holy garments
+for Aaron thy brother, and for his sons, to Ije
+a i^riest unto me.
+
+6 And they shall take the gold, and the
+blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn, and the
+linen.
+
+6 ^ And they shall make the ephod, of
+gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet yarn,"
+and twisted linen, of weaver's work.
+
+7 Two shoulder-pieces shall it have joined
+at the two edges thereof; by which it shall
+be joined together.''
+
+8 And the belt for girding, which is upon
+it, shall he of the same make, out of the same
+piece with itself; of gold, of blue, and purple,
+and scarlet yarn, and twisted hnen.
+
+9 And thou shalt take two onyx stones,
+and engrave on them the names of the chil-
+dren of Israel :
+
+10 Six of their names on the one stone, and
+the names of the remaining six on the other
+stone, according to the order of their birth.
+
+11 With the work of an engraver in stone,
+like the engraving of a signet, shalt thou en-
+grave the two stones with the names of the
+children of Israel; fitted in settings of gold
+shalt thou make them.
+
+12 And thou shalt put the two stones upon
+the shoulder-pieces of the epliod as stones of
+memorial unto the children of Israel; and
+Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord
+upon his two shoulders for a memorial.*
+
+
+° Where this word is used in the present version, it
+means "woollen" yarn; the term is not employed how-
+ever in the Hebrew, which merely has always "blue, pur-
+ple, and scarlet."
+
+*" Arnheim thinks that this means "to the breastplate,"
+which was, as afterward directed, joined to the ephod;
+but Rashi understands it to convey that the shoulder-
+pieces should be sewed on the ephod, not woven with it
+iu one piece.
+
+
+13 •[[ And thou shalt make casings of gold ;
+
+14 And two chains of pure gold, with
+knots at the ends, of wreathed work shalt
+thou make them, and thou shalt fasten the
+wreathed chains to the casings.
+
+15 ^f And thou shalt make the breastjjlate
+of judgment, of weaver's work; after tlie
+work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of
+gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn,
+and of twisted linen, shalt thou make it.
+
+16 Four-square shall it be, double; a span
+in length, and a span in breadth.
+
+17 And thou shalt set in it settings of
+stones, even four rows of stones : the first row,
+a sardius,'' a topaz, and an emerald ; this shall
+be the first row.
+
+18 And the second row, a carbuncle, a
+sapphire, and a diamond.
+
+19 And the third row, an opal, a turquoise,
+and an amethyst.
+
+20 And the fourth row, a chrysolite, and
+an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be litlcd
+in golden casings when they are set in.
+
+21 And the stones shall be according to
+the names of the children of Israel, twelve,
+according to their names ; (engraved) with the
+engraving of a signet, every one according to
+his name, shall they be for the. twelve tribes.
+
+22 And thou shalt make on the breastplate
+chains with knots at the ends, of wreathed
+work, of pure gold.
+
+23 And thou shalt make ou the breast-
+plate two rings of gold, and shalt put the two
+rings on the two ends of the breastplate.
+
+24 And thou shalt put the tAvo wreathed
+chains of gold in the two rings, on the ends
+of the breastplate.
+
+25 And the (other) two ends of the two
+wreathed chains thou shalt fasten on the two
+casings, and put them ou the shoulder-pieces
+of the ephod on the outside thereof.
+
+26 And thou shalt make two rings of gold,
+;md thou shalt put them on the two ends of
+the breastplate on its border, which is on the
+opposite side of the ephod, in\\'ard.
+
+
+' "Or ruby." The correct meaning of the names of
+the jewels in the breastplate is so uncertain that both
+Mendelssohn and Arnheim have left them untranslated.
+They are supported in this omission by the great diversity
+of opinion prevailing among commentators. The version
+given in the present text must therefore be looked upon
+as an approximation, developed in a note to Arnheim's
+version.
+
+99
+
+
+EXODUS XXVIII. XXIX. TETZAVVEH.
+
+
+27 And thou shalt make two more rings
+of gold, and shalt put them on the two
+shoulder-iaieces of the epliod underneath, to-
+ward its front part, close by its seam, above
+the gii'dle of the ephod,
+
+28 And they shall fasten the breastplate
+by its rings unto the rings of the e2)hod with
+a lace of blue, that it may remain on the
+girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate
+be not loosed from the ephod.
+
+29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the
+children of Israel in the breastplate of judg-
+ment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto
+the holy jalace, for a memorial before the
+Lord continually.
+
+30 And thou shalt put into the breastplate
+of judgment the Urim and the Thummim,
+and they shall be ujjon Aaron's heart, when
+he goetli in before the Lord ; and Aaron shall
+bear the judgment of the children of Israel
+upon his heart before the Lord continually.'^'
+
+31 ^ And thou shalt make the robe of the
+ephod altogether of blue woollen yarn.
+
+32 And there shall be an opening in the
+top of it, in the midst thereof; it shall have
+a binding of woven work, round about its
+opening, as it is on the opening of an haber-
+geon, so shall it be thereon, that it be not
+rent.
+
+33 And thou shalt make on its lower hem
+pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet
+yarn, round about its lower hem; and bells
+of gold between them round about:
+
+34 A golden bell and a pomegranate, a
+golden bell and a pomegranate, on the lower
+hem of the robe round about.
+
+35 And it shall be upon Aaron when he
+ministereth; and his sound shall be heard
+when he goeth in unto the holy place before
+the Lord, and when he cometh out, that he
+die not.
+
+3G T[ And thou shalt make a plate of pure
+gold, and grave upon it, like the engraving of
+a signet, Holy unto the Lord.
+
+37 And thou shalt fasten it on a lace of
+blue, and it .^^liall be upon the mitre; upon
+the front of the mitre shall it be.
+
+38 And it shall be upon Aaron's forehead;
+and Aaron shall atone for the iniquity of the
+holy things, which the children of Israel shall
+hallow in all their holy gifts; and it shall be
+upon his forelipad always, that they may be
+received in iavour befcjre the Lord.
+
+39 And tliou .shalt make the coat of linen
+100
+
+
+checkered, and thou shalt make a mitre of
+linen, and a girdle shalt thou make of em-
+broiderer's work.
+
+40 And for Aaron's sons shalt thou make
+coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles ;
+and bonnets thou shalt make for them, for
+glory and for ornament.
+
+41 And thou shalt clothe therewith Aaron
+thy brother, and his sous with him ; and thou
+shalt anoint them, and consecrate" them, and
+sanctify them, that they may be priests unto
+me.
+
+42 And thou shalt make them linen
+breeches to cover their nakedness ; from the
+loins even unto the thighs shall they reach.
+
+43 And they shall be upon Aaron, and
+upon his sons, when they come in unto the
+tabernacle of the congregation, or when they
+come near unto the altar to minister in the
+holy place ; that they bear not iniquit}-, and
+die ; a statute for ever shall it be for him and
+for his seed after him.*
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ][ And this is the thing that thou shalt do
+unto them to hallow them, to become priests
+unto me: Take one young bullock, and two
+rams without blemish,
+
+2 And unleavened bread, and unleavened
+cakes, mingled with oil, and unleavened
+wafers, anointed with oil; of fine wheaten
+flour shalt thou make them.
+
+3 And thou shalt put them into one basket,
+and Ijring them near*" in the basket, with the
+bullock and the two rams.
+
+4 And Aaron and his sons shalt thou bring
+near unto the door of the tabernacle of the
+congregation, and shalt wash them with
+water.
+
+5 And thou shalt take the garments, and
+clothe Aaron with the coat, and the robe of
+the ephod, and the ephod, and the breasts
+plate, and gird him with the girdle of the
+ejjhod :
+
+C And thou shalt put the mitre upon his
+head, and thou shalt fasten the holy crown
+upon the mitre.
+
+7 Then shalt thou take the anointing oil,
+and poiu' it upon his head, and anoint him.
+
+
+* Heb. " Fill their hand ;" the consecration is to say a
+gift, placed in the Land of a man, thu.s filling it with the
+same.
+
+
+EXODUS XXIX. TETZAVVEH.
+
+
+8 And his sons shalt thou bring near, and
+clothe them with coats.
+
+9 And thou shalt gird them with the gir-
+dles, Aaron and his sons, and bind the bonnets
+on them; and the priest's office shall be theirs
+for a perpetual statute : and thus shalt thou
+consecrate Aaron and his sons.
+
+10 And thou shalt cause the bullock to be
+brought before the tabernacle of the congre-
+gation : and Aaron and his sons shall lay their
+hands upon the head of the bullock.
+
+11 And thou shalt kill the bullock before
+the Lord, by the door of the tabernacle of
+the congregation.
+
+12 And thou shalt take of the blood of the
+bullock, and put it upon the horns of the
+altar with thy finger, and all the remaining"
+blood shalt thou pour out beside the bottom
+of the altar.
+
+13 And thou shalt take all the fat that
+covereth the inwards, and the midriff alcove
+the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat
+that is upon them, and Ijurn them upon the
+altar.
+
+14 But the flesh of the bullock, and his
+skin, and his dung, shalt thou burn with fire,
+without the camp : it is a sin-oflering.
+
+15 And the one ram shalt thou take; and
+Aaron and his sons shall la}- their hands upon
+the head of the ram.
+
+16 And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou
+shalt take his blood, and sprinkle it upon the
+altar round about.
+
+17 And the ram shalt thou cut in jjieces,
+and wash his inwards, and his legs, and put
+them with his pieces, and with his head.
+
+18 And thou shalt burn the whole ram
+upon the altar, it is a burnt-ofltering unto the
+Lord; it is a sweet savour, an offering made
+by fire unto the Lord.'^
+
+19 And thou shalt take the other ram ;
+and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands
+upon the head of the ram.
+
+20 Then shalt thou kill the ram, and take
+of his blood, and put it upon the tip^ of
+Aaron's right ear, and upon the tip of the
+right ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of
+their right hand, and upon the great toe of
+
+
+* The literal rendering would be " all the blood," the
+word " remaining" is supplied by Kashi, and is required
+by the context, as likewise in other parallel passages.
+
+'' More correctly, the central prominent portion of the
+ear, the anti-helix.
+
+
+their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon
+the altar round about.
+
+21 And thou shalt take of the Ijlood that
+is upon the altar, and of the anointing oil,
+and sprinkle them upon Aaron, and upon liis
+garments, and upon his sons, and upon the
+garments of his sons with him : and he shall
+be hallowed, together with his garments, and
+his sons, and the garments of his sons with
+him.
+
+22 And thou shalt take from the ram the
+fat and the rump, and the fat that covereth
+the inwards, and the midriff above the liver,
+and the two kidneys, and the fat that is uptm
+them, and the right shoulder; for it is a ram
+of consecration ;
+
+23 And one loaf of bread, and one cake of
+the oiled bread, and one wafer, out of the
+basket of the unleavened bread that is before
+the Lord.
+
+24 And thou shalt put all this upon the
+hands of Aaron, and upon the hands of his
+sons; and thou shalt make with them a
+waving before the Lord.
+
+25 And thou shalt then take them from
+their hands, and burn them upon the altar
+upon the burnt>offering ; for a sweet savour
+before the Lord, it is an offering made by fire
+unto the Lord.
+
+26 And thou shalt take the breast of the
+ram of the consecration that belongeth to
+Aaron, and make therewith a waving" before
+the Lord; and it shall belong to thee as thy
+portion.
+
+27 And thou shalt sanctify the breast which
+hath been waved, and the shoulder Avhich
+hath been lifted up, which was waved, and
+which was heaved up, of the ram of the co i-
+secration, of tliat which belongeth to Aaron,
+and of that which belongeth to his sons :
+
+28 That they shall belong to Aaron and to
+his sons, as a statute forever, from the chil-
+dren of Israel ; for it is a heave-offering ; and a
+heave-offering it shall remain from the chil-
+dren of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace-
+offerings, as their heave-offering unto the Lord.
+
+29 And the holy garments belonging to
+Aaron shall be for his sons after him, to
+
+
+° The owner of the sacrifice placed the pieces on his
+hands, and the priest put his under the other's, and they
+together waved the sacrifice to the four corners of heaven,
+lifted and lowered it; this is the " waving and lifting up''
+spoken of iu the text.
+
+101
+
+
+EXODUS XXIX. XXX. TETZAVVEH.
+
+
+anoint them therein, and to consecrate them
+therein.
+
+30 Seven days shall that one of his sons
+put them on who is to be priest in his place,
+who is to go into the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation to minister in the sanctuary.
+
+31 And the ram of the consecration shalt
+thou take, and seethe liis flcsli in a holy place.
+
+32 And Aaron with his sons shall eat the
+flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the
+basket, by the door of the tabernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+33 And they shall eat those things where-
+with the atonement was made, to consecrate
+them and to sanctify them; but a stranger
+shall not eat thereof, because they are holy.
+
+34 And if aught of the flesh of the conse-
+cration sacrifice, or of the bread, remain unto
+the morning, then shalt thou burn the re-
+mainder with fire ; it shall not be eaten, be-
+cause it is holy.
+
+35 And thou shalt do unto Aaron, and to
+his sons thus, all as I have commanded thee;
+seven days shalt thou consecrate them.
+
+36 And a bullock shalt thou ofier every
+day for a sin-offering as an atonement :" and
+thou shalt cleanse the altar, in as much as
+thou makest an atonement upon it ; and thou
+shalt anoint it, to sanctify it.
+
+37 Seven days shalt thou make an atone-
+ment ujjon the altar and sanctify it ; and the
+altar shall be most holy; whatsoever'' toucheth
+the altar shall be holy.*
+
+38 ^f And this is what thou shalt offer upon
+the altar : Two sheep of the first year for
+eveiy day, continually.
+
+39 The one sheep shalt thou offer in the
+morning ; and the other sheep shalt thou offer
+toward evening.
+
+40 And a tenth part of fine flour mingled
+with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil,
+and the fourth part of a hin of wine for a
+drink-offering, shall be for the one sheep.
+
+41 And the other sheep shalt thou offer to-
+ward evening; according to the meat-offering
+
+. of the morning, aud according to its drink-
+olli'ring shalt thou do unto it, for a sweet
+savour, an offering made by fire unto the Lord.
+
+
+" After llaslii. But Aben Ezra renders, " in addition
+to the atonement," referring to the two rams mentioned
+above.
+
+^ Aben Ezra quotes an opinion, which is partly that of
+Onkelos, that this should be rendered, " whoever toucheth
+102
+
+
+42 A cofitinual burnf^offering throughout
+your generations (shall this be) at the door
+of the tabernacle of the congregation before
+the Lord; where I will meet with you, to
+speak unto thee there.
+
+43 And I will meet there with the children
+of Israel, and it shall be sanctified by my glory.
+
+44 And I will sanctify the tabernacle of
+the congregation, and the altar: and both
+Aaron and his sons will I sanctify, that they
+may be priests unto me.
+
+45 And I will dwell among the children of
+Israel, and I will be to them for a God.
+
+46 And they shall know that I am the
+Eternal, their God, who brought them forth
+out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell
+among them : I am the Lord their God.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 *i\ And thou shalt make an altar to burn in-
+cense upon, of shittim wood shalt thou make it.
+
+2 A cubit shall be its length, and a cubit
+its Ijreadth. foursquare shall it be; and two
+cu]:)its shall Ije its height ; from itself shall its
+horns be.
+
+3 And thou shalt overlay it with piu'e gold,
+its top, and its sides round about, and its
+horns; and thou shalt make unto it a crown
+of- gold round about.
+
+4 And two rings of gold shalt thou make
+for it beneath its crown, on its two corners
+shalt thou make them, ujDon both its sides;
+and the_y shall be as receptacles for the staves
+to bear it by means of them.
+
+5 Aud thou shalt make the staves of shit-
+tim wood, and overlay them with gold.
+
+6 And thou shalt put it before the vail
+that is before the ark of the testimony, before
+the mercy-seat that is over the testimony,
+where I will meet with thee.
+
+7 And Aaron sluiU burn thereon incense
+of spices; every morning when he dresseth
+the lamps, shall he burn it.'-'
+
+8 And when Aaron lighteth the lamps to
+ward evening, shall he burn it; a per2)etual
+incense before the Lord, throughout 3'our
+generations.
+
+9 Ye shall not offer thereon any strange"
+
+
+the altar must be holy," excluding those who are unclean
+from touching thereon. Arnheim translates in the same
+
+
+manner.
+
+° i. r. Any
+after, v. 34.
+
+
+iithor incense than that commanded liere-
+(8ec also Levit. x. 1.)
+
+
+EXODUS XXX. KI TISSAH.
+
+
+Incense, or burnt-sacrifice, or meat-ofiering;
+and a drink-ofl'ering shall yc not pour thereon.
+10 And Aaron shall make au atonement
+upon its horns once in a year; with the blood
+of the sin-oflering of the day of atonement,'
+once in the year, shall he make atonement
+upon it, throughout your generations; it is
+most holy unto the Lokd.
+
+Haphtorah in Ezokiel xliii. 10 to 27.
+
+
+SECTION XXI. KI TISSAH, Uti'n O.
+
+11 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+12 When thou takest the sum of the chil-
+dren of Israel of those who are to be num-
+bered of them, then shall they give every
+man a ransom for his soul unto the Lord,
+when they number them; that there be no
+plague among them, when they number them.
+
+13 This shall they give, every one that
+passeth among those that are numbered, Half
+a shekel after the shekel oi the sanctuary;
+twenty gerahs to the shekel; the half of the
+shekel shall be the tribute to the Lord.
+
+14 Every one that passeth among those
+that are numbered, from twenty years old
+and above, shall give the tribute unto the
+Lord.
+
+15 The rich shall not give more, and the
+poor shall not give less than the half of a
+shekel, as a tribute unto the Lord, to make
+an atonement for your souls.
+
+16 And thou shalt take the money of the
+atonement from the children of Israel, and
+shalt employ it for the service of the taber-
+nacle of the congregation; and it shall be
+unto the children of Israel as a memorial be-
+fore the Lord, to make an atonement for your
+souls.
+
+17 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+18 Thou shalt also make a laver of copper,
+with its foot of copper, to wash withal : and
+thou shalt set it between the tabernacle of
+the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt
+put therein water.
+
+19 And Aaron and his sons shall wash out
+of it their hands and their feet.
+
+
+' See Leviticus xvi. 18, where it is ordained that on the
+Day of Atonement the Wood of a steer and a goat should
+be sprinkled on this altar; at other times nothing but in-
+cen.se was burnt on it.
+
+
+20 When they go into the tabernacle of
+the congregation, shall tliey wash themselves
+with water, that they die not; or when they
+come near to the altar to minister, to laiu-n an
+offering made by fire unto the Lord.
+
+21 And they shall wash their hands and
+their feet, that they die not; and it shall be
+to them a statute for evei", even to him and
+to his seed throughout their generations.
+
+22 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+23 And thou, take unto thj'self princi})al
+spices: of pure myrrh five hundred shekels,
+and of sweet cinnamon, its half' shall be two
+hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet cahv
+mus two hundred and fifty shekels,
+
+24 And of cassia five hundred shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of olive-
+oil one hin.
+
+25 And thou shalt make of it an (jil of
+holy anointing, a mixture, compounded after
+the art of the apothecary: an oil of holy
+anointing shall it be.
+
+26 And thou shalt anoint therewith the
+tabernacle of the congregation, and the ark of
+the testimony,
+
+27 And tlie table and all its vessels, and
+the candlestick and its vessels, and the altar
+of incense,
+
+28 And the altar of burnt-oflering with all
+its vessels, and the laver and its foot.
+
+29 And thou shalt sanctify them, and they
+shall be most holy ; whatsoever toucheth them
+shall be holy.
+
+30 And Aaron and his sons shalt thou
+anoint, and consecrate them to be priests
+unto me.
+
+31 And unto the children of Israel shalt
+thou speak, sajing. An oil of holy anointing
+shall this be unto me throughout your gene-
+rations.
+
+32 Upon the flesh of man shall it not be
+poured, and after its proportion shall ye not
+make any thing like it; it is holy, and holy
+shall it be unto you.
+
+33 Whosoever compouudeth the like of it,
+or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stran-
+ger, shall be cut ofi' from his people.
+
+34 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Take
+
+*■ "The half of what is brought of it shall be two hun-
+dred shekels, which gives the weight of the whole e()ual
+to that of the myrrh." — Talmod Keritotii.
+
+103
+
+
+EXODUS XXX. XXXI. KI TISSAH.
+
+
+unto thee spices, balm, and 0113 eha, and gal-
+banum, spices, with pure frankincense : of
+each shall there be an equal" weight.
+
+35 And thou shalt make it an incense, a
+mixture after the art of the apothecary, well
+mingled'' together, pure and holy.
+
+36 And thou shalt pound some of it fine,
+and ofier of it before the testimony in the taljer-
+nacle of the congregation, where I will meet
+with thee ; most holy shall it be unto you.
+
+37 And as for the incense which thou shalt
+make, according to its proportion, shall ye
+not make any unto yourselves : holy shall it
+
+'be unto thee for the Lord.
+
+38 Whosoever shall make the like of it, to
+smell thereon, shall be cut off from his people.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+2 See, I have called by name Bezalel the
+son of Uri, the son of Chur, of the tribe of
+Judah :
+
+3 And I have filled him with the sjairit of
+God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in
+knowledge, and in all manner of workman-
+ship,
+
+4 To devise works of art, to work in gold,
+and in silver, and in copj^er,
+
+5 And in the cutting of stones, to set them,
+and in the carving of wood, to work in all
+manner of workmanship.
+
+6 And behold, I have also given with him
+Aholialj, the son of Achissamach, of the tribe
+of Dan, and in the heart of all that are wise-
+hearted have I put wisdom ; and they shall
+make all that I have commanded thee;
+
+7 The tabernacle of the congregation, and
+the ai'k of the testimony, and the cover that
+is thereupon, and all the vessels of the taber-
+nacle;
+
+" After Onkelos aud Talmud ; but Aben Ezra translates,
+" I'jach shall be prepared separately."
+
+' Abon Ezra considered nSoD as derived from nSo
+"salt," thus, "salted," that is, "bestrewed with salt of
+Sodnm, or nitre." Rosenmiiller, as quoted by Arnheim,
+considers this kind of salt referred to under the words
+"pure, holy," in contradistinction to common salt. The
+use of salt of Sodom with the incense is traditional.
+
+° "Although I have ordered thee to charge them con-
+cerning the building of the tabernacle, the Sabbath must
+not be undervalued in thy eyes; for though you are busily
+engaged in the labour of building, the Sabbath must on
+no account be violated to do the least of this work." — •
+Hash I.
+
+104
+
+
+• 8 And the table and its vessels, and the
+pure candlestick with all its vessels, and the
+altar of incense ;
+
+9 And the altar of burnt-ofiering with all
+its vessels, and the laver and its foot;
+
+10 And the cloths of service, and the holy
+garments for Aaron the priest, and the gar-
+ments of his sons, to minister therein ;
+
+11 And the anointing oil, and the incense
+of spices for the holy place: all as I have
+commanded thee shall they do.
+
+12 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses as
+foUoweth,
+
+13 And thou shalt speak unto the children
+of Israel, saying. Above all," my sabbaths
+shall ye keep; for a sign it is between me
+and you throughout your generations; that
+ye may know that I am the Lord who doth
+sanctity you.
+
+14 And ye shall keep the sabbath, for it is
+holy unto you; every one that defileth it
+shall surely be put to death; for whosoever
+doeth any work thereon, that soul shall be
+cut ofl' from among his jDeople.
+
+15 Six days may work be done; but on
+the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the
+Lord : whosoever doeth any work on the sab-
+bath-day, shall surely be put to death.
+
+16 And the children of Israel shall keep
+the sabbath, to observe the sabbath through-
+out their generations, for a perpetual cove-
+nant.
+
+17 Between me and the children of Israel
+it shall be a sign for ever; for in six days
+the Lord made the heavens and the earth, and
+on the seventh day he rested, and was re-
+freshed.'^ *
+
+18 ^ And he gave unto Moses, when he
+had finished speaking with him upon mount
+Sinai, the two tables of the testimony, tables
+of stone, inscribed with the finger of God.
+
+
+^ This, like many other expressions in Scripture, must
+be taken merely as expressing divine acts by human
+words. Mendelssohn renders freely "and attained his
+aim," but this is scarcely the sense of the word ty-jyi.
+Philippson renders curiously, "and was by himself," i. c.
+"happy in his own contemplation," rendering the word
+literally as derived from n/phesh, "soul." Perhaps Men-
+delssohn translated it freely as he did from the same view
+of the subject. But even the word "rested" is as little
+applicable as "refreshed," since the Creator has neither
+labour nor fatigue; but it is all figurative. Arnheim
+gives '3 in this verse with "that," and not "for," mean-
+ing that the Sabbath is the token that we believe that
+God created all in specific time.
+
+
+i;X()I)US XXXII. KI TI8SAII.
+
+
+CiiAPTElJ XXXll.
+
+1 And wliL'ii tlie people saw that Moses
+dela3'ed to come down from the mount, the
+people assembled themselves together around
+Aaron, and tliey said unto him, Up, make us
+gods, that shall go before us; for of this man
+Moses, who hath In-ought us up out of the
+land of Egypt, we know not what is become
+of him.
+
+2 And Aaron said unto them. Take out
+the golden ear-rings, which are in the ears of '
+your wives, of your sons, and of your daugh-
+ters, and bring them unto me.
+
+'3 And all the people took out the golden
+ear-rings which were in their ears, and brought
+them unto Aaron.
+
+4 And he took them from their hand, and
+fashioned it in a mould, and he made of it a
+molten calf; and they said, These are thy
+gods, 0 Israel, that have brought thee up out
+of the land of Egypt.
+
+5 And when Aaron saw this, he built an
+altar before it; and Aaron called out, and
+said, A feast unto the Lord is to-morrow.
+
+6 And they rose up early on the morrow,
+and oftered liurnt-ofterings, and brought near i
+peace-offerings f and the people sat down to [
+eat and to drink, and rose up to play.
+
+7 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, Go,
+get thee down; for thy people, which thou
+hast brought up out of the land of Egypt,
+hath become corrupt:
+
+8 They have turned aside quickly from the
+way which I have commanded them; they
+have made themselves a molten calf; and
+they have bowed themselves to it, and have
+sacrificed unto it, and have said. These are
+thy gods, 0 Israel, that have brought thee up
+out of the land of Egypt.
+
+9 And the Lord said unto Moses, I have
+seen this people, and, behold, it is a stift-
+necked people.
+
+10 And now let me alone, and my wrath
+shall wax hot against them, and I will make
+
+
+' In the preceding verso, Aaron is represented as telling
+the people that on the morrow there should be a festival
+unto the Lord, no doubt expecting the return of Moses,
+which would occasion a renewed fidelity to their great
+Deliverer. But early the next morning, the frantic
+people assembled round the statue of their idol, j-hout-
+ed, sacrificed, played, rioted, sang, in the manner of
+the heathen, forgetful of the events which their own
+eyes had seen. Aaron, however, must not be supposed
+
+0
+
+
+an end of them; and I will make of thee a
+great nation.
+
+11 Thereupon Moses besought the Lord
+his God, and said, Why, 0 Lord, shall thy
+wrath wax hot against thy people, that thou
+hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt,
+with great power and with a* mighty haud";'
+
+12 Wherefore should the Egyptitms say
+thus, For mischief did he bring them out, to
+slay them in the mountains, and to destroy
+them from the face of the earth ? Turn from
+thy fierce wrath, and repent thee of the evil
+decreed against thy people.
+
+13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel,
+th}' servants, to whom thou didst swear by
+thy own self, and speak unto them, I will
+multijjly your seed as the stars of heaven;
+and all this land that I have spoken of will I
+give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it
+for ever.
+
+14 And the Lord bethought himself of the
+evil which he had spoken to do unto his
+people.
+
+16 ^ And Moses turned about, and went
+down from the moimt with the two tables of
+the testimony in his hand: tables inscribed
+on both their sides; on the one side and on
+the other wei'e they inscribed.
+
+16 And the tables were the work of God,
+and the writing was the writing of God, en-
+graved upon the tables.
+
+17 And Joshua heard the noise of the peo-
+ple in its shouting, and he said unto Moses,
+There is a noise of war in the camp.
+
+18 And he said. It is not the voice of a
+shout for mastery, neither is it the Aoice of a
+cry for deteat; the noise of singing do I hear.
+
+19 And it came to pass, when he came
+nigh unto the camp, and he saw the calf, and
+the dancing : that the anger of Moses waxed
+hot, and he cast from his hands the tables,
+and broke them at the foot of the mount.
+
+20 And he took the calf which the}' had
+made, and burnt'' it in fire, and ground it
+to a powder, and he strewed it upon the
+
+
+as having farther participated in the sin than making
+the calf
+
+" Arnheim adds ''partly," and supposes that the body
+of the calf was a frame-work of wood, and the gold merely
+a covering for it. Philippson, however, after Michlol
+YoPHi, thinks that Moses melted the calf first, then re-
+duced it by beating and rolling to plates of the utmost
+possible thinness, which he then mixed with water, as
+described in the test.
+
+105
+
+
+EXODUS XXXIT. XXXIII. KI TISSAH.
+
+
+water, and made tlie children of Israel drink
+of it.
+
+21 A id Moses said unto Aaron, What hath
+this people done unto thee, that thou hast
+brought upon it so great a sin ?
+
+22 And Aaron said, Let not the anger of
+my lord wax hot : thou knowest the people,
+that it is bent on mischief
+
+23 And they said unto me, Make us gods
+that shall go before us ; for of this man Moses,
+who brought us up out of the land of Egypt,
+we know not what hath become of him.
+
+24 And I said unto them, Who hath any
+gold ? They took it off themselves and gave
+it to me, and I cast it into the fire, and there
+came out this calf
+
+25 And Moses saw the people that it had
+become unruly ; for Aaron had made it unruly
+for a disgrace among their opponents.
+
+26 Moses then placed himself in the gate
+of the camp, and said. Whoever is on the
+Lord's side, let him come unto me ! and there
+assembled themselves unto him all" the sons
+of Levi.
+
+27 And he said unto tliem, Thus hath
+said the Eternal, the God of Israel, Put ye
+every man his sword by bis side, and go ye
+hither and tliitlier, from uate to oate in the
+camp, and slay ye every man his brother,
+and every man his companion, and every
+man his relative.
+
+28 And the children of Levi did according
+to the word of Moses: and there fell of the
+people on that day about three thousand men.
+
+29 And Moses said. Consecrate yourselves
+to-day to the Lord, yea even every man on
+his son, and on his brother; and to bestow
+upon you this day a blessing.
+
+oO And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that Moses said unto the jjeople. Ye have sin-
+ned a great sin : and now I will go up unto
+the Lord; peradventure I may obtain an
+atonement for your sin.
+
+31 And Moses returned unto the Lord,
+
+
+" Arnhc'im wishes to understand under "all" not the
+whole, but the far greater majority, so as to reconcile it
+with verse '2!t, which Raslii expounds as referring to step-
+brothers and sons, belonging to other tribes.
+
+'' Klliptieal; meaning, "If thou furgivcst, it is well;
+but if not," &c. This passage proves tluit no one cau be
+permitted to assume the guilt of another.
+
+° This verse, e(|nally with the passage commencing
+with verse 12, is exceedingly difficult of interpretation ; it
+is therefore intended to give merely au idea of the mcan-
+106
+
+
+and said, (_)h, this people hath sinned a great
+sin, and they have made themselves gods of
+gold.
+
+32 Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their
+sin — ;* but if not, blot me out, I pray thee,
+from thy book which thou hast written.
+
+33 And the Lord said unto Moses, Whoso-
+ever hath sinned against me, him will I blot
+out from my book.
+
+34 And now go, lead the people unto the
+place of which I have spoken unto thee ; be-
+hold, my angel shall go before tliee; but on
+the day when I visit I will visit their sin
+upon them.
+
+35 And the Lord sent a plague among the
+people, because that they had made the calf
+which Aaron made.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Depart,
+go up from here, thou and the people that
+thou hast In'ought up out of the land of Egypt,
+unto the land Avhich I swore unto Abraham,
+to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying. Unto thy seed
+will I give it; —
+
+2 And I will send before thee an angel;
+and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Emor-
+ite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the
+Hivite, and the Jebusite; —
+
+3 Unto a land flowing with milk and ho-
+ney ; for I will not go up in the midst of thee,
+because thou art a stifFnecked people; lest I
+consume thee on the way.
+
+4 And when the people heard these evil
+tidings, they mourned; and no man did put
+his ornaments on him.
+
+5 For the Lord had said unto Moses, Say
+unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiff-
+necked people ; should I go" up one moment,
+in the midst of thee, I would consume thee ;
+now therefore jnit off thy ornaments from
+thee, iiiul I shall know what I will do unto
+thee.
+
+6 The children of Israel then stripped
+
+ing in this note. God had said that his own visible glory
+should not go with the people on their journey, an angel,
+a messenger, was all they could expect; as his own pre-
+sence would consume them, should they sin again, they
+being stiffnccked, or disobedient. Their ornaments should
+bo laid aside as an evidence that they were under the dis-
+pleasure of Heaven ; this humiliation, however, should not
+save them from farther punishment; for God would know
+how to make them feel in future the weight of their sin.
+(See above, xxxii. ;J4.)
+
+
+EXODUS XXXIII. XXXIV. KI TISSAH.
+
+
+themselves of their ornaments (they wore)
+from (the time they were at) Mount Horeb.
+
+7 And Moses took the tent, and pitched it
+without the camp, afar off from the camp, and
+called it, Tabernacle of the congregation ; and
+it came to pass, that every one who sought
+(instruction of) the Lord went out unto the
+tabernacle of the congregation, which was
+without the camp.
+
+8 And it came to pass, that when Moses
+went out unto the tent, all the people would
+rise up, and stand every man at the door of
+his tent, and look after Moses, until he was
+gone into the tent.
+
+9 And it came to pass, that as Moses
+entered into the tent, the pillar of cloud de-
+scended, and stood at the door of the tent,
+and spoke with Moses.
+
+10 And when all the people saw the pillar
+of cloud stand at the door of the tent: then
+all the people rose up and prostrated them-
+selves, every man at the door of his tent.
+
+11 And the Lord spoke unto Moses face to
+face, as a man speaketh unto his friend ; and
+then he returned into the camp; but his ser-
+vant, Joshua the son of Nun, a young man,
+departed not out of the tent.
+
+12 *[\ And Moses said unto the Lord, See,
+thou sayest unto me. Bring up this people ;
+but thou hast not let me know whom thou
+wilt send with me : and yet thou hast said, I
+have chosen thee by name, and thou hast also
+found grace in my eyes.
+
+13 Now, therefore, I pray thee, if I have
+found grace in thy eyes, do make me know
+thy way, that I may know thee, in order that
+I may find grace in thy eyes ; and consider
+that this nation is thy people.
+
+14 And he said, My presence shall go in
+advance, and I will give thee rest.
+
+15 And he said unto him. If thy presence
+go not (with us,) carry us not up from here.
+
+16 For wherein shall it be known in any
+wise that I have found grace in thy eyes, I
+with thy people ? is it not in that thou goest
+with us ? so shall we be distinguished, I and
+thy people, from all the people that are upon
+the face of the earth.=''
+
+17 Tf And the Lord said unto Moses, Also
+this thhig that thou hast spoken will 1 do ;
+
+' Ainheim renders : " And I will proclaim before thee
+the name, Eternal, and how I am gracious to whom I am
+gracious, and how I have mercy on him to whom I show
+
+
+for thou hast found grace in my eyes, and I
+have chosen thee Ijy name.
+
+18 And he said. Let me see, I beseech
+thee, thy glory.
+
+19 And he said, I will cause all my good-
+ness to pass before thy face, and I will pro-
+claim," by name, the Lord before thee ; and I
+will be gracious to whom I will be gracious,
+and I will show mercy to whom I will show
+mercy.
+
+20 And he said, Thou canst not see my
+face ; for no man can see me, and live.
+
+21 And the Lord said. Behold, there is a
+place by me, and thou shalt stand upon the
+rock :
+
+22 And it shall come to pass, while my
+glory paeseth by, that I will put thee in the
+cleft of the rock, and I will cover thee with
+my hand, until I have passed by.
+
+23 And then I will take away my hand,
+and thou shalt see my back parts; but my
+face shall not be seen.*
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Hew
+thyself two tables of stone like unto the first;
+and I A\ill write upon these tallies the words
+which were on the first tables, which thou
+didst break.
+
+2 And be ready by the morning, and come
+up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and
+present thjself there to me on the top of the
+mount.
+
+3 And no man shall come up with thee,
+neither let any man be seen throughout all
+the mount ; neither let the flocks or herds
+feed near this mount.
+
+4 And he hewed two tables of stone like
+unto the first, and Moses rose up early in the
+morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as
+the Lord had commanded him ; and he took
+in his hand the two tables of stone.
+
+5 And the Lord descended in the cloud,
+and stood Avith him thei'e, and proclaimed, by
+name, the Lord.
+
+6 And the Lord passed by before him, and
+proclaimed. The Lord is the immutal^le, eter-
+nal Being, the omnipotent God, merciful and
+gracious, long-suffering and abundant in benefi-
+cence and truth;
+
+
+mercy;" and he explains the verse: "This is the nature
+of this Divine Name, and this is also mi/ way, for the know-
+ledge of which thou hast prayed."
+
+107
+
+
+EXODUS XXXIV. KI TTSSAH.
+
+
+7 Kef'piug mercy unto the tliousandtli (ge-
+neration ) forgiving iniquit}' and transgression
+and sin, but who will by no means clear the
+guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers
+upon the children, and upon the children's
+children, unto the third and to the fourth
+generation.
+
+8 And Moses made haste, and liowed his
+head toward the earth, and prostrated himself.
+
+9 And he said, If now I liave found grace
+in thy eyes, 0 Lord, let the Lord, I i)ray thee,
+go among us ; even because" it is a stiflhecked
+people ; and pardon thou our iniquity and our
+sin, and take us for thy heritage.'''
+
+10 And he said, Behold, I make a cove-
+nant: before all thy people will I perform
+wonders, such as have not been done on all
+the earth, nor in any nation; and all the peo-
+ple amongst whom thou art shall see the
+work of the Lord; for it is a terrible thing
+that I will do with thee.
+
+11 Observe thou that which I command
+thee this day ; behold, I will drive out before
+thee the Emorite, and the Canaanite, and the
+Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and
+the Jebusite.
+
+12 Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a
+covenant with the inhabitants of the land
+against which thou goest up, lest it be for a
+snare in the midst of thee ;
+
+13 But their altars shall ye destroy, and
+their statues shall ye break, and their groves
+shall ye cut down.
+
+14 For thou shalt worship no other god;
+for the Lord whose name is Watchful, is a
+watchful God.
+
+15 Make thou then no covenant with the
+inhabitants of the land ; lest that, if they go
+astray after their gods, and sacrifice unto their
+gods, any one call thee, and thou eat of liis
+sacrifice ;
+
+16 And lest thou take of his daughters
+unto thy sons ; and when his daughters go
+astray after their gods, they make tliy sons
+also go astray after their gods.
+
+17 Thou shalt not make unto thyself any
+molten gotls.
+
+18 The feast of unleavened bi'ead shalt thou
+
+
+* After Arnheiin, who comments: Moses prayed tliat
+God liimself should go before them, not .send au angel,
+who would inexorably punish, (.\.xiii. 21,) for he had no
+power to pardon But the glory of God guiding them,
+they would bo under his immediate providence, and he,
+loa
+
+
+keep ; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened
+bread, as I have commanded thee, in the time
+of the month of Abib ; for in the month of
+Abib thou wentest forth out of Egyjjt.
+
+19 All that openeth the womb is mine;
+and every firstling that is a male among thy
+cattle, whether ox or lamb.
+
+20 But the firstling of an ass shalt thou re-
+deem with a lamb; and if thou redeem him
+not, then shalt thou break his neck ; all the
+first-born of thy sons shalt thou redeem ; and
+none shall appear before me empty.
+
+21 Six days thou mayest Avork, but on the
+seventh day shalt thou rest : even in plough-
+ing time and in harvest shalt thou rest.
+
+22 And the feast of weeks shalt thou ob-
+serve, with the first-fruits of the wheat har-
+vest ; and the feast of ingathering at the clos-
+ing of the jear.
+
+2.3 Thrice in the yeav shall all thy males
+appear before the Lord, the Eternal, the God
+of Israel.
+
+24 For I will cast out nations before thee,
+and enlarge thy borders ; yet shall no man
+desire thy land, when thou goest up to appear
+in the presence of the Lord thy God thrice in
+the year.
+
+25 Thou shalt not offer the blood of my
+sacrifice with leaven; neither shall be left
+unto the morning the sacrifice of the feast of
+the passover.
+
+26 The first of the first-fruits of thy land
+shalt thou bring unto the house of the Lord
+thy God: thou shalt not seethe a kid in his
+mother's milk.*
+
+27 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, Write
+thee down- these words; for after the tenor of
+these words liave I made with thee a covenant
+and with Israel.
+
+28 And he remained there with the Lord
+forty days and forty nights ; bread he did not
+eat, and water he did not drink ; and he
+wrote upon the tables the words of the cove-
+nant, the ten commandments.
+
+29 And it came to pass, when Moses came
+down from mount Sinai, with the two tables
+of the testimony in Moses' hand, when he
+came down from the mount, that Moses knew
+
+
+the Merciful, would thus forgive, according to his good-
+ness and loving grace toward sinners. Rashi, however,
+renders o like dn thus : " If it be a stifFuecked people,
+do thou pardon." The sense in either case is still the
+same.
+
+
+EXODUS XXXIV. XXXV. VAYAKIIEL.
+
+
+not that the skin of his lace shone," because
+he had spoken with him.
+
+30 And Aaron and all the children of
+Israel saw Moses, and, behold, the skin of
+his face shone : and they were afraid'' to come |
+nigh unto him.
+
+31 But Moses called unto them, and then
+returned unto him Aaron and all the princes
+of the congregation: and Moses spoke to
+them.
+
+32 And afterward all the children of Israel
+came nigh : and he commanded them all that
+which the Lord had spoken with him on
+mount Sinai.*
+
+33 And when Moses had done speaking
+with them, he put a vail over his face.
+
+34 But when Moses went in before the
+LoKD to speak with him, he took the vail off,
+until he came out; and then he came out,
+and spoke unto the children of Israel that
+which he had been commanded.
+
+35 And the children of Israel saw the face
+of Moses, that the skin of Moses' face shone :
+and Moses put the vail again over his face,
+until he went in to speak with him.
+
+Haohtorah i. Kings xviii. 1-39 : some commence at verse 20.
+
+
+SECTION
+
+
+XXII. VAYAKHEL, hnp').
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 ^ And Moses gathered together all the
+conoreoation of the children of Israel, and
+said unto them. These are the things which
+the Lord hath commanded, that ye should do
+them.
+
+2 Six days shall work be done, but on the
+seventh day there shall be to you a holy day,
+a sabjjath of rest to the Lord: whosoever
+doth work thereon shall be put to death.
+
+3 Ye shall not kindle any fire throughout
+your habitations upon the sal)l:)ath day.
+
+4 ]| And Moses said unto all the congreg;v
+tion of the children of Israel, as followeth.
+This is tlie tiling which the Lord hath com-
+manded, saying,
+
+5 Take ye from among you an offering
+
+° Properly, " sent forth rays;" the skin being luminous,
+and beaming.
+
+" '' Come and sec how groat is the power of sin. Before
+they had stretched forth their hand to sin, what does the
+Bible say ? ' And the glory of the Lord was like a de-
+vouring fire on the top of the mount, before the eyes of , the Israelites were on their journey, as is commanded in
+the children of Israel;' and they neither feared nor trem- ' the fourth chapter of Numbers. (See Kashi.)
+
+
+unto the Lord ; whosoever is of a willing
+heart, let him bring it, an offering of the
+Lord : Gold, and silver, and copper,
+
+G And blue, and purjde, and scarlet yarn,
+and linen thread, and goats' hair,
+
+7 And rams' skins dyed red, and badgers'
+skins, and shittim wood,
+
+8 And oil for the lighting, and spices, for
+the anointing oil, and for the incense of spices,
+
+9 And onyx stones, and stones for setting,
+for the ephod, and for the breastplate.
+
+10 And all the wise-hearted among j'ou
+shall come, and make all that which the
+Lord hath commanded :
+
+11 The tabernacle, its tent, and its cover-
+ing, its hooks, and its boards, its bars, its pil-
+lars, and its sockets;
+
+12 The ark, and its staves, (with) the mercy-
+seat, and the vail of the separation :
+
+13 The table, and its staves, and all its
+vessels, and the show-bread ;
+
+14 And the candlestick for the lighting, and
+its vessel, and its lamps, with the oil for the
+lighting;
+
+1 5 And the altar of incense, and its staves,
+and the anointing oil, and the incense of
+spices, and- the hanging for the door at the
+entrance of the tabernacle ;
+
+16 The altar of burnt^offeriug, with its
+grating of copper, its staves, and all its vessels,
+the laver and its foot;
+
+17 The hangings of the court, its pillars,
+and its sockets, and the hanging for the door
+of the court ;
+
+18 The pins of the tabei'nacle, and the pins
+of the court, and their cords;
+
+19 The cloths" of service, to do service
+therewith in the holy place, the holy gar-
+ments for Aaron the priest, and the garments
+of his sons, to minister in as priests.
+
+20 And all the congregation of the cliil-
+dren of Israel deisarted from the presence of
+Moses.*
+
+21 And they came, every man whos6 heart
+stirred him up ; and e\'ery one whom his
+spirit made willing, brought the Lord's
+offering for the work of the taliernacle of the
+
+bled ; but now, since they had made the calf, ;ven before
+the rays of glory of Moses they feared and tr 'mbled." —
+Rashi.
+
+° The cloths of service were not the priestly garments,
+but those used for the covering of the sacred vessels when
+
+
+EXODUS XXXV. XXXVI. VAYAKHEL.
+
+
+congregation, and for all its service, and for
+the holy garments.
+
+22 And they came, the men with the wo-
+men; whoever was willing-hearted, hrought
+bracelets," and ear-rings, and finger-rings, and
+tablets, all kinds of ornaments of gold, and
+every man that offered an oflering of gold
+unto the Lord.
+
+23 And every man, with whom was found
+blue, and jjurple, and scarlet yarn, and linen
+thread, and goats' hair, and rams' skins dyed
+red, and badgers' skins, brought them.
+
+24 Every one that did offer an offering of
+silver and copper brought it as the Lord's
+offering ; and every one with whom was found
+shittim wood for any work of the service,
+brought it.
+
+25 And all the women that wei'e wise-
+hearted spun with their hands, and they
+brought that which they had spun, of the blue,
+and of the purple, and of the scarlet yarn,
+and of the linen thread.
+
+26 And all the women whose heart stirred
+them up in wisdom spun the goats' hair.
+
+27 And the princes brought the onyx
+stones, and the stones for setting, for the
+ephod, and for the breastplate ; •
+
+28 And the spice and the oil, for lighting,
+. and for the anointing oil, and for the incense
+
+of spices.
+
+29 Every man and woman, whose heart
+made them willing to bring for all manner of
+work, which the Lord had commanded to he
+made, by the hand of Moses, even that brought
+the children of Israel as a free-will offering
+unto the Lord.*
+
+30 ][ And Moses said unto the children of
+Israel, See, the Lord hath called hy name
+Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Chur, of the
+tribe of Judah ;
+
+31 And he liath filled him with the spirit
+of God, in wisdom, in understanding, and in
+knowledge, and in all manner of workman-
+sliip ;
+
+32 And to devise'' works of art, to work in
+gold, and in silver, and in copper,
+
+
+° Mendelssohn renders, "Ear-rings, and nose-rings,
+and finger-rings, and bracelets." These words, however,
+arc of somewhat doubtful signification, like many other
+technical terms of but rare occurrence in Scripture.
+
+'' " To devise in his heart works of art, the like of which
+had never been .seen; and as there are artificers in gold
+who cannot work in silver, and workers in stone who can-
+not work in wood, it is said of Bczalol that he was perfect
+110
+
+
+33 And in the cutting of stones, to set
+them, and in the carving of wood, to make
+any manner of work of art.
+
+34 And to teach hath he jjut in his heart,
+both to him, and to Aholiab, the son of Achis-
+samach, of tlie tribe of Dan.
+
+35 lie hath filled them with wisdom of
+heart, to execute all manner of work, of the
+engraver, and of the designing weaver, and
+of the embroiderer, in blue, and in j^urple, in
+scarlet yarn, and in linen thread, and of the
+weaver, of those that do every species of work,
+and of those that devise works of art.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+1 And Bezalel and Aholiab, and every
+wise-hearted man, in whom the Lord hath
+put wisdom and understanding to know how
+to do every manner of work for the service of
+the sanctuary, shall make all, just as the Lord
+hath commanded.
+
+2 And Moses called for Bezalel and Aho-
+liab, and every wise-hearted man in whose
+heart the Lord had put wisdom, every one
+whose heart stirred him up to come near unto
+the work to do it:
+
+3 And they received from Moses the whole
+of the offering, which the children of Israel
+had brought for the work of the service of the
+sanctuary, to make it; and these brought
+unto him yet more free-will offerings morning
+after morning.
+
+4 And then came all the wise men, that
+wrought all the work of the sanctuary, every
+man from his own work which they were
+doing.
+
+5 And they said unto Moses, thus. The
+people bring more" than is required for the
+service of the work, which the Lord hath
+commanded to make.
+
+6 And Moses gave the command, and they
+caused it to be proclaimed throughout the
+camp, saying, Let neither man nor woman do
+any more work for the offering of the sanc-
+tuary: so the people were restrained from
+bringing (more).
+
+
+in all; and moreover he could teach; although there arc
+many wise men who have a difficulty in instructing
+others." — Aben Ezr.v.
+
+° A singular, though nowise uneomraon, state of the
+public mind ! At first instructed by the Lord, they rebel
+and worship an idol; then again convinced of the truth
+■of God, they testify their renewed adherence by the dis-
+play of a liberality which needed restraining for its excess
+
+
+EXODUS XXXVI. VAYAKHEL.
+
+
+7 And the stuff in-epared" was sufficient for
+all the work to nudie it, and there was some
+over.'-'
+
+8 T[ And all the wise-liearted men, among
+those who wrought the work, made the taber-
+nacle of ten curtains ; of twisted linen tlu'ead,
+and blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn; with
+cherubim, of weavers work, made he them.
+
+9 The length of each curtain was tweuty-
+eiii'ht cubits, and the breadth of each curtain
+four cubits: there was one measure for all
+the curtains.
+
+10 And he coupled together five of the
+curtains one to another: and the other five
+curtains he coupled one to another.
+
+11 And he made loops of blue on the edge
+of the one curtain, which Avas the outside in
+the coupling : the like he made on the border
+of the curtain, which was the outmost on the
+second coupling.
+
+12 Fifty loops made he on the one curtain,
+and fifty loops made he on the edge of the
+curtain which was in the second coupling:
+the loops were fixed opposite to each other.
+
+13 And he made fifty hooks of gold; and
+he coupled the curtains together one unto the
+other with the hooks, and the tabernacle'' be-
+came thus one piece. ,
+
+14 Tl And he made curtains of goats' hair
+for a tent over the tabernacle ; eleven curtaius
+made he the same.
+
+15 The length of each curtain was thirty
+cubits, and four cubits was the breadth of each
+curtain : there was one measure for the eleven
+curtains.
+
+16 And he coupled five of the curtains by
+themselves, and six of the curtains by them-
+selves.
+
+17 And he made fifty loops on the edge of
+the curtain that was the outmost in the coup-
+ling, and fifty loops made he on the edge of
+the curtain of the second coupling.
+
+18 xind he made iifty hooks of copper, to
+
+
+' It must not be forgotten that the things brought for
+the use of the workmen were at first prepared and worked
+up to the proper shape in the tents of the donors. Moses,
+therefore, properlj- prochiinied that the people should pre-
+pare no more, and consequently should bring no more
+than was already in the hands of the receivers. Otherwise
+nDN'7'D might mean "property," as it is used in that j
+seuse in Genesis sxxiii. 14; Exodus xxii. 10; 1 Samuel I
+XV. 9. I
+
+'' The inner curtains, which formed the roof of the
+tabcruade proper, were called technically " the taberua-
+
+
+couple the tent together that it might be one
+piece.
+
+19 And he made a covering for the tent of
+rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of bad-
+gers' skins above.'-'
+
+20 ^ And he made the boards for the
+tabernacle, of shittim wood, standing up.
+
+21 Ten cubits was the length of each
+board, and one cubit and a half was the
+breadth of each one board.
+
+22 There were two tenons for every board,
+fitted in, one against the other: the like
+made he for all the boards of the tabernacle.
+
+23 And he made the boards for the taber-
+nacle: twenty Vjoards for the south side, on
+the right.
+
+24 And forty sockets of silver made he
+under the twenty boards; two sockets under
+the one board for its two tenons, and two
+sockets under the other board for its two
+tenons."
+
+25 And for the other side of the taber-
+nacle, for the north side, he made twenty-
+boards :
+
+26 And their forty sockets of silver; two
+sockets under the one board, and two sockets
+under the other board.
+
+27 And for the back wall of the taber-
+nacle, westward, he made six boards.
+
+28 And two boards made he for the corners
+of the tabernacle in the back wall.
+
+29 And they were closely fitting beneath,
+and they were closely joined together on the
+top, by means of one ring; thus he did to
+both of them, for both the corners.
+
+30 And so there were eight boards, and
+their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets, two
+sockets under every board.
+
+31 And he made bars of shittim wood;
+five, for the boards of the one side of the
+tabernacle;
+
+32 And five bars for the boards of the
+other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for
+
+
+cle," as they formed an essential and visible portion of the
+sacred structure; but the curtains of goats' hair were
+called '-the tent," as they served merely to -irotect the
+more perishable ones which they covered.
+
+" The boards were provided with two tenons a part of
+the thickness of the boards being cut away, so that when
+they were inserted in the sockets calculated to receive
+them, they covered exactly the surface; the boards were
+thus fixed in their sockets, which formed a continuous
+row, in the same manner as the steps of a ladder arc in
+the side-pieces.
+
+Ill
+
+
+EXODUS XXXVI. XXXVII. VAYAKHEL.
+
+
+the boards of the tabernacle for the back wall,
+westward.
+
+33 And he made the middle bar to pass
+through the midst of the boards from the one
+end to tlie other end.
+
+34 And the boards he overlaid with gold,
+and their rings he made of gold, as receptar
+cles for the bars, and he overlaid the bars
+with gold.
+
+35 And he made the vail of blue, and pur-
+ple, and scarlet yarn, and twisted linen; of
+weaver's work made he it, with cherubim. .
+
+36 And he made thereunto four j^iHai's of
+shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold,
+their hooks also were of gold; and he cast
+for them four sockets of silver.
+
+37 And he made a hanging for the door
+of the tabernacle, of blue, and purple, and
+scaiiet yarn, and twisted linen ; the work of
+the embroiderer;
+
+38 And its five pillars with their hooks:
+and he overlaid their tops and made their
+fillets with gold; and their five sockets were
+of copper.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+1 Tl And Bezalel made the ark of shittim
+wood: two cubits and a half was its length,
+and a culait and a half its breadth, and a cubit
+and a half its height.
+
+2 And he overlaid it with pure gold within
+and without, and made for it a crown of gold
+round about.
+
+3 And he cast for it four rings of gold, for
+the four corners thereof; even two rings on
+the one side of it, and two rings on the other
+side of it.
+
+4 And he made staves of shittim wood,
+and overlaid them with gold.
+
+5 And he put the staves into the rings
+upon the sides <jf the ark, to bear the ark.
+
+G And he made a cover of pure gold : two
+cubits and a half was its length, and one
+cubit and a half its breadth.
+
+7 And he made two cherubim of gold, of
+
+
+' Tlic chcrnliini were made out (if one piceo with the
+cover, hut not wrought separately, aud afterward soklered
+on. 'J'hey wore standing on eitlier end, their faces being
+turned toward each other, yet so tiiat they looked down-
+ward upon the ark. It is said that the height of the
+wings of the cherubim from the cover was ten hands'
+briMdili.
+
+" The crown spoken of in the preceding verse was
+fixed on the rim mentioned here. It is doubtful whether
+112
+
+
+beaten work made he them, on the two ends
+of the cover;
+
+8 One cherub was on the one end, and
+the other cherub on the other end; out of the
+cover itself made he the cherubim on the two
+ends thereof"
+
+9 And the cherubim were spreading forth
+their wings on high, overshadowing with
+their wings the cover, with their faces one to
+the other; toward tlie cover were the faces
+of the cherubim directed.
+
+10 ^ And he made the tahle of shittim
+wood : two cubits was its length, and a cubit
+its breadth, and a cubit and a half its height;
+
+11 And he overlaid it with pure gold, and
+made thereto a crown of gold round aljout.
+
+12 And he made unto it a rim of a hand's
+breadth round al^out, and made a golden
+crown on its rim'' round about.
+
+13 And he cast for it four rings of gold,
+and he put the rings on the four corners, that
+were on the four feet thereof
+
+14 Close under the rim were the rings, as
+receptacles for the staves to bear the table.
+
+15 And he made the staves of shittim
+wood, and overlaid them with gold, to bear
+the table.
+
+16 And he made the vessels which were
+upon the table, its dishes, and its spoons,
+-and its purifying tubes, and the supporters
+wherewitli (the bread) was covered, of pure
+gold.*
+
+17 ][ And he made the candlestick of pure
+gold: of beaten work" made he the candle-
+stick, its shaft, itnd its branches, its bowls, its
+knobs, and its tlowers, were out of one piece
+with it.
+
+18 And six branches were coming out of
+its sides; three branches of the candlestick
+out of its one side, and three branches of the
+candlestick out of the other side thereof
+
+19 Three bowls, iilmoiid-shaped, were on
+one branch, with a knob and a llower; and
+three bowls, almond-shaped, were on the
+other branch, with a knob and a llower; so
+
+
+the rim reached above the table or was placed beneath the
+top; but the probabilities arc in favour of its having been
+placed above.
+
+' Like the cover of the ark, so was the candlestick, or
+more properly "the ciumdelier," made out of a solid piece
+of gold; that is to say, the parts were not made separately
+and afterward soldered tiigether, but it was beaten out,
+and the branches oniamcutcd and cut into shape by means
+of instruments.
+
+
+IHtC HWAVKK <JK JA.COt5.
+
+
+EXODUS XXXVII. XXXVIII. VAYAKHEL.
+
+
+on the six branches that were coming out of
+the candlesticls;.
+
+20 And on the candlestick itself were four
+lx»wls almond-shaped, with its knobs, and its
+flowers :
+
+21 And a knob was under two branches
+that came out of the same, and a knob under
+two branches that came out of the same, and
+a knob under two branches that came out of
+the same," for the six branches that proceeded
+out of it.
+
+22 Their knobs and their branches were
+out of one piece with it; all of it was one
+piece of beaten work, of pure gold.
+
+23 And he made its seven lamps, and its
+snuffers, and its snuff-dishes, of pure gold.
+
+24 Of a talent of pure gold made he it, and
+all its vessels.
+
+25 ^ And he made the altar of incense of
+shittim wood : its length was a cubit, and its
+breadth a cubit; it was foursquare, and two
+cubits was its height; from itself were its
+horns.''
+
+26 And he overlaid it with pure gold, its
+top, and its sides round about, and its horns :
+and he made unto it a crown of gold round
+about.
+
+27 And two rings of gold he made for it
+beneath its crown, on its two corners, upon
+both its sides, as receptacles for the staves to
+bear it by means of them.
+
+28 And he made the staves of shittim
+wood, and overlaid them with gold.
+
+29 And he made the holy anointing oil,
+and the pure incense of spices, according to
+the work of the apothecary.*
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+1 ^ And he made the altar of burnt-offer-
+ing of shittim wood: five cubits was its
+length, and five cubits its breadth; it was
+foursquare, and three cubits was its height.
+
+2 And he made its horns on its four
+corners, from itself were its horns; and he
+overlaid it with copper.
+
+' The knobs were on the centre shaft of the caudle-
+stick, and from each of them sprung two branches, one
+on each side, so that each knob supported one pair.
+
+'' The horns, or prominent points coming out of the
+corners of the altar of incense, as well as that of burnt-
+offering, were carved out of the body of the wood, but not
+made separately and afterwards joined on.
+
+" Mirrors of highly polished cojiper were employed be-
+fore the introduction of looking-glasses; and it is recorded
+
+
+0 And he made all the vessels of the altar,
+the jDOts, and the shovels, and the basins, and
+the forks, and the fire-pans : all its vessels
+made he of copper.
+
+4 And he made for the altar a grating, a
+network of co2D23er, under its compass beneath,
+even unto the half of it.
+
+5 And he cast four rings on the four
+corners of the grating of coppei", as rece^^tacles
+for the staves.
+
+6 And he made the staves of shittim wood,
+and overlaid them with copper.
+
+7 And lie put the staves into the rings on
+the sides of the altar, to bear it by means of
+them ; hollow, of boards, made he it.
+
+8 ^ And he nuide the laver of copper, and
+its foot of cop^x^r, of the mirrors" of the assem-
+bled women, who had assembled in troops at
+the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+9 ^ And he made the court: on the south
+side, on the right, the hangings of the court
+were of twisted linen, of one hundred cul)its;
+
+10 Their pillars were twenty, with their
+twenty sockets of copper; the hooks of the
+pillars and their fillets were of silver.
+
+11 And for the north side one hundred
+cubits; their pillars were twenty, with their
+twenty sockets of copper; the hooks of the
+pillars and their fillets were of silver.
+
+12 And for the west side were hangings of
+fifty cubits; their pillars were ten, and their
+sockets ten; the hooks of the pillars and their
+fillets were of silver.
+
+13 And for tlie front side, eastward, fifty
+cubits.
+
+14 Hangings, of fifteen cubits, were on the
+one wing; their pillars were three, and their
+sockets three.
+
+15 And for the other wing, on both sides
+of the oate of the court, were haui^imis of 111-
+teen cubits; their ^jillars were three, and their
+sockets three.
+
+16 All the hangings of the court round
+about were of twisted linen.
+
+17 And the sockets for the pillars were of
+
+
+that even these necessary articles for the arranging of the
+female attire were cheerfully given by the women, who
+came in troops to offer this contribution to the residence
+of their God. From the phraseology employed it would
+appear that the copper thus obtained is not included in
+the gross weight recorded chap sxxviii. 2[l; since, among
+the articles made thereof, the laver aud its foot are not
+mentioned.
+
+113
+
+
+EXODUS XXXVIII. XXXIX. PEKUDAY.
+
+
+copper; the hooks of the pillars and their
+fillets, of silver; aud the overlaying of their
+tops was of silver ; and all the pillars of the
+court were filleted with silver.*
+
+18 And the hanging for the gate of the
+court was the work of the embroiderer, of
+blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn, and
+twisted linen : and twenty cubits was the
+length, and the height, in the breadth, was
+five cubits, answering to the hangings of the
+court.
+
+19 And the pillars for the same were four,
+with their four sockets of copper ; their hooks
+were of silver, and the overlaying of their
+tops and their fillets, of silver.
+
+20 And all the pins of the tabernacle, and
+of the court round about were of copper.
+
+Haphtorah in 1 Kings vii. 13 to 26. Tlie Germans read from
+vii. 40 to 50.
+
+
+SECTION XXIII. PEKUDAY, mp3.
+
+21 ^ These are the accounts (of the arti-
+cles furnished) for the tabernacle, even of
+the tabernacle of the testimony, which
+were counted, according to the order of
+Moses, the service of the Levites, by the
+hand of Ithamar, the son of Aaron, the
+priest.
+
+22 And Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of
+Chur, of the tribe of Judah, made all that the
+Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+23 And with him was Aholiab the son of
+Achissamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver,
+and a skilful weaver, and an embroiderer in
+blue, aud in purple, and in scarlet yarn, and
+in linen thread.
+
+24 *i\ All the gold that was applied to the
+work in all the work of the sanctuary, to wit,
+the gold of the oftering," was twenty and nine
+talents, aud seven hundred and thirty shekels,
+after tlie shekel of the sanctuary.
+
+25 And the silver of those that were num-
+bered of the congregation was one hundred
+talents, and a thousand seven hundred and
+
+
+' Tlie word used hero, in v. 29, and in xxxv. 22, is
+niJUn: whereas in the ])reeeding passages nonr\ is used.
+The Hebrew is peculiarly rich in the terms necessary to
+express the ideas cnnneeted witii the worship of the
+sanctuary, so as to distinguish every shade of meaning;
+hut in English it is next to impossible to convey these
+peculiarities by single words. Arnheim, however, renders
+the latter word "tribute," us has been done at times in
+this version, and the former, the one employed in this
+114
+
+
+seventy and five shekels, after the shekel of
+the sanctuary :
+
+26 A bekah for every head, that is, half a
+shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for
+every one that went to be numbered, from
+twenty years old and upward, for six hun-
+dred thousand and three thousand and five
+hundred and fifty.
+
+27 And the hundred talents of silver
+served to cast the sockets of the sanctuary,
+and the sockets of the vail; one hundred
+sockets to the hundred talents, a talent for
+every socket.
+
+28 And of the thousand seven hundred
+seventy and five shekels he made hooks for
+the pillars, and overlaid their tops and filleted
+them.
+
+29 And the copper of the offering was
+seventy taleuts, and two thousand and four
+hundred shekels.
+
+30 And he made therewith the sockets of
+the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,
+and the altar of copper, and the grating of
+copper for it, and all the vessels of the altar;
+
+31 Aud the sockets of the court round
+about, and the sockets of the court gate, and
+all the pins of the talternacle, and all the pins
+of the court round aljout.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+1 And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet
+yarn, they made the cloths of service, to do
+the service in the holy place ; and they made
+the holy garments which were for Aaron, as
+the Lord had commanded Moses.*
+
+2 ][ And he made the ephod, of gold,
+blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn, and
+twisted linen ;
+
+3 And they did beat the gold into thin
+plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the
+blue, and in the purple,' and in the scarlet
+yarn, iind in the linen, with weaver's work.
+
+4 They made shoulder-pieces for it, joined
+on ; on both its edges was it thus joined'' to-
+gether.
+
+
+passage, "sacred gifts;" but the latter term is arbi-
+trary.
+
+'' The shoulder-pieces of the ephod were made sepa-
+rately aud sewed on afterward. The ephod itself appears
+to have been a species of cloak which reached to the heels,
+but required the support of the shoulder-pieces, through
+which it was joined by means of the chains aud rings to
+the breastplate, and the belt which fastened it round the
+body of the wearer.
+
+
+EXODUS XXXIX. PEKUDAY.
+
+
+5 And the belt for girding it on, that was
+upon it, was of the same piece with itself, of
+the same make : of gold, blue, and purple,
+and scarlet yarn, and twisted linen ; as the
+Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+G 11 And they wrought the onyx stones en-
+closed in casings of gold, engraved with the
+engra\ang of a signet, after the names of the
+children of Israel.
+
+7 And he put them on the shoulder-pieces
+of the ephod, as stones of memorial to the
+children of Israel ; as the Lord had command-
+ed Moses.
+
+8 ^ And he made the breastplate with wea-
+ver's work, like the work of the ephod : of
+gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn, and
+twisted linen.
+
+9 It was foursquare, double did they make
+the breastplate : it was a span in length, and
+a span in breadth, double.
+
+10 And they set in it four rows of stones :
+the first row, a sardius, a topaz, and an eme-
+rald ; this was the first row.
+
+1 1 And the second row, a carbuncle, a sap-
+phire, and a diamond.
+
+12 And the third row, an opal, a turquoise,
+and an amethyst.
+
+13 And the fourth row, a chrysolite, an
+onyx, and a jasper : they were fitted in golden
+casings wlien they were set in.
+
+14 And the stones were according to the
+names of the children of Israel, twelve, ac-
+cording to their names, (engraved) with tlie
+engraving of a signet, every one according to
+his name, for the tM-elve tribes.
+
+15 And they made upon the breastplate
+chains with knots* at tlie ends, of wreathed
+work, of pure gold.
+
+16 And they made two casings of gold,
+and two golden rings; and they put the two
+rings on the two ends of the breastphite.
+
+17 And they put the two wreathed chains
+of gold in the two rings on the ends of the
+breastplate.
+
+18 And the two ends of the two wreathed
+chains they fastened on the two casings, and
+they put them on the shoulder-pieces of the
+ephod, on the outside thereof.
+
+" These wreathed chains had a knot at the end, ?o that
+they did not slip through the rings of the breastplate and
+ephod.
+
+"^ The rings on the girdle of the ephod were so placed as
+to be opposite those on the lower seam of the breastplate,
+
+
+19 And they made two golden rings, and
+put them on the two ends of the breastplate,
+on its border, which was on the opposite side
+of the ephod, inward.
+
+20 And they made two more golden rings,
+and put them on the two shoulder-pieces of
+the ephod underneath, toward its front part,
+close by its seam, above the girdle of the
+ephod.
+
+21 And they fastened the breastplate by
+its rings unto the rings of the ephod with a
+lace of blue, that it might remain on the girdle
+of the ephod, and that the breastplate might
+not be loosed from the ephod;'' as the Lord
+had commanded Moses.'''
+
+22 ^ And he made the robe of the cphf)d of
+woven work, altogether of blue woollen yarn.
+
+23 And there was an opening in the midst
+of the robe, as the opening of an habergeon,
+with a binding round about the opening, that
+it should not be rent.
+
+24 And they made upon the lower hem of
+the robe pomegranates of blue, and pur])le,
+and scarlet j^arn, twisted.
+
+25 And they made bells of pure gold ; and
+they put the bells between the pomegranates
+upon the lower hem of the robe, round aljout,
+between tlie pomegranates;
+
+26 A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a
+pomegranate, round about the lower hem of
+the ro)je,to minister therein; as the Lord had
+commanded Moses.
+
+27 ][ And they made the coats of linen, of
+woven work, for Aaron and for his sons.
+
+28 And the mitre of linen, and the goodly
+bonnets of linen, and linen breeches of twisted
+linen thread.
+
+29 And the girdle of twisted linen, and
+blue, and purple, and scarlet jarn, the work of
+the embroiderer; as the Lord had conimaiHled
+Moses.
+
+30 1\ And they made the plate of the holy
+crown of pure gold, and wrote u])on it a writ^
+ing, like the engraving of a signet, Holy to
+THE Lord.
+
+31 And they put on it a lace of blue, to
+place it upon the mitre above f as the Lord
+had commanded Moses.
+
+
+and when the blue lace was passed through them, the two
+garments became united together.
+
+° The plate was tied on both ends and at (lie ccnln' l.i
+laces of blue woollen yarn, and hung (m the tup ni' iIil-
+mitre, so that it rested on the forehead of the wearer.
+
+
+EXODUS XXXIX. XL. PEKUDAY.
+
+
+32 ]| Thus was finished all the work of
+the tabernacle of the tent of the conoresation ;
+and the children of Israel had made it in
+accordance with all that the Lord had com-
+manded Moses, so had they made it.*
+
+o3 ^ And they brought the tabernacle unto
+Moses, the tent, and all its vessels, its hooks,
+its boai'ds, its bars, and its pillars, and its
+sockets,
+
+34 And the covering of rams' skins dyed
+red, and the covering of badgers' skins, and
+the vail of the sejmration ;
+
+35 The ark of the testimony, and its
+staves, and the mercy-seat ;
+
+36 The table, and all its vessels, and the
+showbread ;
+
+37 The pure candlestick," with its lamps,
+the hTmps to be set in order thereupon, and
+all its vessels, and the oil for the lighting,
+
+38 And the golden altar, and the anointing
+oil, and the incense of spices, and the hanging
+for the door of the tabernacle;
+
+39 The copper altar, and the grating of
+copper which belonged to it, its staves, and
+all its vessels, the laver and its foot;
+
+40 The hangings of the court, its pillars
+and its sockets, and the hanging for the court-
+gate, its cords, and its pins, and all the vessels
+of the service of the tabernacle, for the tent
+of the congregation ;
+
+41 The cloths of service to do the service
+in the holy place, and the holy garments for
+Aaron the priest, and the garments of his
+sons, to minister therein.
+
+42 All, just as the Lord had commanded
+Moses, so had the children of Israel done all
+the work.
+
+43 And Moses did look over all the work,
+and, behold, they had done it as the Lord had
+commanded, even so had they done it : and
+Moses blessed them.*
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+2 On the first day of the first month shalt
+thou set up the tabernacle of the tent of the
+congregation.
+
+
+' Others render, " The camllcstiek of ]iure f^cilJ." But
+as the f'euiiuiue ninan ilnes not agree witli the maseuline
+27[', it must refer to the wnnl mj*:, jjerhajis from its
+bring made of pure gold.
+
+*■ " Thi^i means, a prutcetion, fur it was a separatiou." —
+IIU
+
+
+3 And thou shalt put therein the ark of
+the testimony, and separate'' the ark with the
+vail.
+
+4 And thou shalt bring in the table, and
+arrange the order of the sliowbread upon
+it; and thou shalt bring in the candlestick,
+and light the lamps thereof.
+
+5 And thou shalt set the altar of gold for
+the incense before the ark of the testimony;
+and thou shalt put up the hanging at the
+door to the tabernacle.
+
+G And thou shalt set the altar of burntr
+ofiering before the door of the tabernacle of
+the tent of the congregation.
+
+7 And thou shalt set the laver between
+the tabernacle of the congregation and the
+altar, and thou shalt put water therein.
+
+8 And thou shalt set up the court round
+about, and put up the hanging at the gate of
+the court.
+
+9 And thou shalt take the anointing oil,
+and anoint the tabernacle, and all that is
+therein; and thou shalt hallow it, with all its
+vessels, and it shall be holy.
+
+10 And thou shalt anoint the altar of
+burnt-oflering, and all its vessels; and thou
+shalt sanctify the altar, and the altar shall be
+most holy.
+
+11 And thou shalt anomt the laver with its
+foot, and sanctify it.
+
+12 And thou shalt bring near Aaron and
+his sons unto the door of the tabernacle of
+the congregation, and wash them with
+water.
+
+13 And thou shalt clothe Aaron with the
+holy garments; and thou shalt anoint him,
+and sanctify him, that he may be a priest
+unto me.
+
+14 And his sons shalt thou bring near, and
+clothe them with coats :
+
+15 And thou shalt anoint them, as thou
+hast anointed their father, that they may
+be priests unto me; and this shall be, that
+their anointing shall be unto them for an
+everlasting priesthood throughout their gene-
+rations.
+
+16 And Moses did so; all, just as the Lord
+had connaanded him, so did he.'''
+
+R.Asiir. Tliat is to say, by hanging up the vail, by means
+of which the piu'tion for the ark was separated h"m the
+remainder of the sanctuary, it was protected fnnii the ap-
+proach of those who came into the holy place.
+
+
+EXODUS XL. PEKUDAY.
+
+
+17 •[ And it came to pass in the first
+inontli in the second year, on tlie first of the
+luontli, that the tahernacle was reared up.
+
+18 And Moses reared up the tai^ernacle,
+and placed its soclvets, and set up its boards,
+and put in its bars, and reared up its pilhirs.
+
+19 And he spread the tent* over the tabex'-
+nacle, and put the covering of the tent'' over
+it above; as tlie Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+20 ^ And he took" and put tlie testimony
+into tiie ark, and placed the staves on the
+ark; and he put the mercy-seat upon the
+ark aljove.
+
+21 And he brought tlie ark into the taber-
+nacle, and set up the vail of tlie separation,
+and made therewith a separation for the ark
+of the testimony; as the Lord had commanded
+Moses.
+
+22 ][ And he put the table in the taber-
+nacle of the congregation, upon the side of
+the tabernacle, northward, without the vail.
+
+23 And he arranged upon it the order of
+bread' before the Lord; as the Lord had com-
+manded Moses.
+
+24 T[ And he placed the candlestick in the
+tabernacle of the congregation, opposite the
+table, on the side of the tabernacle, south-
+ward.
+
+25 And he lighted the lamps before the
+Lord; as the Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+26 ][ And he placed the golden altar in the
+tabernacle of the coniiiregation before the vail.
+
+27 And he burnt thereon the incense of
+spices; as the Lord had commanded Moses.'-'
+
+28 ][ And he put up the hanging at the
+door to the tabernacle.
+
+29 And the altar of burnt-offering he
+placed by the door of the tabernacle of the
+tent of the congregation ; and he offered upon it
+the burnt-offering and the meat-offering; as
+the Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+30 ^ And he set the laver lietween the
+
+
+* This means the curtains of goats' hair over the fine
+ones, called the "tabernacle." — ll.\SHl.
+
+'' The skins of animals which served as a covering.
+
+° He took the tables of the Testimony from the wooden
+ark, which was in the tent of Moses, and brought them
+into the tabernacle. — Ramban. (See Exodus xxxiii. 7,
+and Deuteronomy x. 1-3.)
+
+
+tabernacle of the consreoation and the altar,
+and put water there, lor washing.
+
+31 And Moses" and Aaron and his sons
+washed therefrom their hands and their feet.
+
+32 When the}- went in unto the tabernacle
+of the congregation, and when they came near
+unto the altar, they washed themselves; as
+the Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+33 ^ And he reared up the court round
+about the tabernacle and the altar, and put
+up the hanging of the gate of the court; and
+so did Moses finish the Avork.'''
+
+34 ^ And the cloud covered the tent of
+the congregation, and the glory of the Lord
+filled the tabernacle.
+
+35 And Moses was nof able to enter into
+the tent of the congregation; because the
+cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the
+Lord filled the tabernacle.
+
+3G And when the cloud was taken up from
+over the tabernacle, the children of Israel
+were wont to go onward in all their journey-
+ings.
+
+37 But if the cloud was not taken up, then
+they journeyed not till the day that it was
+taken up.
+
+38 For the cloud of the Lord was upon the
+tabernacle by day, and a fire was by night
+on it, before the eyes of all the house of
+Israel, throughout all their journeyings.
+
+Haplitorah, according to the Germans, in 1 Kings vii. 51
+to viii. 21. The Portuguese read from vii. 40 to 50.
+
+Maphtere for Shekalim in Exodus sxx. 11 to 10.
+
+Haphtorah for Shekalim in 2 Kings xii. 1 to 17. The Portu-
+guese commence at xi. 17.
+
+Maphtere for Zachor in Deuteronomy xxv. IT to 19.
+
+Haphtorah for Zachor in 1 Samuel xv. 2 to 34. The Portu-
+guese commence v. 1.
+
+Maphtere for Parah in Numbers xis. 1 to 22.
+
+Haphtorah for Parah in Ezokiel xxxvi. 10 to 38. Tlie Por-
+tuguese end at v. 30.
+
+Maphtere for Hachodesh in Exodus xii. 1 to 20.
+
+Haphtorah for Hachodesh in Ezekiel xlv. 10 to xlvi. 18.
+The Portuguese read from xlv. 18 to xlvi. 15.
+
+
+^ The on'? 11.J7 "the order of bread," hero employed,
+explains what is given above merely as I3l>' "its order;"
+for which reason it is rendered above, verse 4, " the order
+of showbread."
+
+• During the week of consecration, and then only,
+Moses officiated as priest, for which reason he was for the
+time also bound to wash hands and feet at the laver.
+
+117
+
+
+THE BOOK OF LEVITICUS,
+
+VAYIKRA, Nlpn.
+
+CONTAINING THE ORDINANCES FOR THE SACRIFICES, SANCTUARY,
+
+PURIFICATIONS, FESTIVALS, &c.
+
+
+SECTION XXIV. VAYIKRA, Klpn.
+
+CHAPTER L
+
+1 *\\ And the Lord called unto Moses, and
+spoke unto liim out of the tabernacle of the
+congregation, saying,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them, If any one of you wish to
+bring an offering unto the Lord : of the cattle,
+either of the herds, or of the flocks, shall ye
+bring your offering.
+
+3 If his offering be a burut^sacrifice of the
+herds, then shall he offer a male without ble-
+mish : unto the door of the tabernacle of the
+congregation shall he bring it, that it may be
+favourably received for him before the Lord.
+
+4 And he shall lay his hand upon the head
+of the burnt^offering ; and it shall be accepted
+for hiin to make atonement for him.
+
+5 And he shall kill the young steer before
+the Lord: and the sons of Aaron the priests
+shall bring near the lilood, and they shall
+sprinkle the lilood round about upon the altar
+that is by the door of the tabernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+. G And he shall flay the burnt-offering, and
+cut it into its pieces.
+
+7 And the sons of Aaron the priest shall
+put fire upon the altar, and lay the wood in
+order upon the fii'e;
+
+8 And the sons of Aaron the priests shall
+lay in order the ])arts, the head, and the fat,"*
+upon the wood that is on the fire which is
+u2)on the altar;
+
+9 But its inwards and its legs shall he
+wash in water; and the jn-iest shall burn the
+
+
+' Some translate mu with "midriff:" tlir word itself
+is of rare occurrence, hence not of a ileeided signification;
+but it is translated here according to I he old authorities.
+
+" AH the sacrifices called "most holy," re([uired to be
+slain on the north side of the altar of burnt-sacrifices; these
+are the burnt, sin, trespass, and national peace-oflFerings.
+118
+
+
+whole on the altar, as a burnt-sacrifice, an
+ofiering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto
+the Lord.
+
+10 ^ And if his offering be of the flocks^
+of the sheep, or of the goats, tor a Ijurnt-sacri-
+fice: then shall he offer a male without ble-
+mish as the same.
+
+11 And he shall kill it on the side of the
+altar, northward,'' before the Lord; and the
+sous of Aaron the priests shall sprinkle its
+blood upon the altar round about.
+
+12 And he shall cut it into its pieces, with
+its head and its fat; and the priest shall lay
+them in order on the wood that is on the fire
+which is upon the altar;
+
+13 But the inwards and the legs shall he
+wash with water; and the priest shall bring
+near the whole, and burn it upon the altar;
+it is a burnt-sacrifice, an offering made by fire,
+of a sweet savour unto the Lord.*
+
+14 T[ And if of fowls be the burnt-sacrifice
+for his oftering to the Lord : then shall he bring
+his offering of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons.
+
+15 And the priest shall bring it near" unto
+the altar, and pinch oft' its head, and burn it
+on the altar; and the blood thereof shall be
+wrung out on the wall of the altar.
+
+IG And he shall remove its crop with its
+feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the
+east part, at the place of the ashes.
+
+1 7 And he shall cleave it by its wings, but
+shall not divide it asunder; and the jiriest
+shall burn it upon the altar, upon the wood
+that is on the fire : it is a burutr-sacrifice, an
+offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto
+the Lord.
+
+
+" The term 3ipn has been for the most part rendered in
+this version with "to bring near," that is, to the altar
+where all sacrificial rites were performed; and when simply
+rendered with "bring," it has the same sense. Otherwise
+the term "offer" has also been used, as it is the root of
+the word pip "offering."
+
+
+LEVITICUS II. III. VAYIKRA.
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ And when any person wish to offer a
+meat-offering unto the Lord: then shall his
+offering be of fine flour; and he shall pour
+upon it oil, and put thereon frankincense ;
+
+2 And he shall bring it to one of the sons
+of Aaron the priest ; and he shall take there-
+from his handful of its flour, and of its oil,
+with all its frankincense; and the priest shall
+burn tiie memorial of it upon the altar, as an
+offering made by fii'e, of a sweet savour unto
+the Lord.
+
+3 And what is left of the meat-offering
+shall belong to Aaron and to his sons : it is a
+most holy thing, from the fire-offerings of the
+Lord.
+
+4 ^ And if thou bring an oblation of a
+mcat>offering baked in the oven, it shall be
+of fine flour, unleavened cakes mingled with
+oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil.
+
+5 ^ And if thy oblation be a meat^oflering
+baked in a pan, it shall be made of fine flour
+miugled with oil, unleavened.
+
+G Thou shalt break it in pieces, and pour
+thereon oil: it is a meat-offering.*
+
+7 ^ And if thy oblation be a meat-offering
+baked in the deep pan, it shall be made of
+fine flour with oil.
+
+8 And thou shalt bring the meat-offering,
+which shall be made of these thmgs, unto the
+Lord; and the offerer shall present it unto
+the priest, who shall bring it near unto the
+altar.
+
+9 And the priest shall take up from the
+meat-offering its memorial, and shall burn it
+upon the altar: it is an offering made by
+fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord.
+
+10 And that which is left of the meat-
+offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons :
+it is a most holy thing, from the fire-ofterings
+of the Lord.
+
+11 No mea1>oflering, which ye shall bring
+unto the Lord, shall be prej^ared leavened;
+fur of whatever is leaven, or of any honey, ye
+shall not sacrifice an offering made by tire
+unto the Lord.
+
+12 As an oblation of the firs1>fi"uits shall
+
+
+' Arnheim renders here and elsewhere, "And that on
+the," &c.
+
+" Others, "caul."
+
+° The first sacrifice ofiered daily upon the altar, was the
+daily burnt-ofli'cring ; and before it had been placed ou the
+
+
+ye ofier them unto the Lcird; but on the
+altar shall they not come for a sweet savour.
+
+13 And every oblation of thy meat-oftering
+shalt thou season with salt; and thou shalt
+not sufler the salt of the covenant of th}- God
+to be lacking from thy meat-offering: with all
+thy offerings shalt thou ofter salt.
+
+14 ^ And if thou ofier a meat-offering of
+the first-fruits unto the Lord : of ripe ears of
+corn dried by the fire, of pounded corn out of
+full ears, shalt thou ofier the meat-offering of
+thy first-fruits.
+
+15 And thou shalt put upon it oil, and lay
+thereon frankincense : it is a meat-offering.
+
+16 And the priest shall burn its memorial,
+from its pounded corn, and from its oil, with
+all its frankincense : it is an oft'ering made by
+fire unto the Lord.*
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ][ And if his olilation Ijo a sacrifice of
+peace-offering, if he ofier it of the herds,
+whether it be a male or female, he shall
+offer it without blemish before the Lord.
+
+2 And he shall lay his hand upon the head
+of his offering, and kill it at the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation : and the sons
+of Aaron the priests shall sprinkle the blood
+upon the altar round about.
+
+3 And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the
+peace-offering, as a fire-oflering unto the Lord,
+the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the
+fat that is upon the inwards,
+
+4 And the two kidneys, and the fat that is
+on them, which is on the flanks," and the
+midriff'' above the liver, with the kidneys,
+shall he remove it.
+
+5 And Aaron's sons shall Ijurn it on the
+altar, upon the burnt-oftering," which is upon
+the wood that is on the fire : it is an ofiering
+made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the
+Lord.
+
+6 ][ And if of the flocks be his ofiering for
+a sacrifice of peace-oftering unto the Lord,
+male or female, without blemish, shall he
+ofl'er it.
+
+7 If he offer a sheep for his offering, then
+shall he bring it near before the Lord.
+
+
+fire, no other sacrifice could be burnt there; hence the
+phrase "upon the burnt-ofiering which is upon the wood."
+Rashi, however, renders h}! like '\2hr2 "besides;" still the
+sense is the same in both cases.
+
+119
+
+
+LEVITICUS III. IV. VAYIKRA.
+
+
+8 And he shall lay his hand upon the head
+of his offering, and kill it before the taber-
+nacle of the congregation : and the sons of
+Aaron sliall sprinlvle its blood npon the altar
+round aljout.
+
+9 And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the
+peace-offering, as a fire-ofiering unto the Lord,
+the best part"" thereof, the whole rump, hard
+by the backbone shall he take it off; and the
+fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat
+that is upon the inwards;
+
+10 And the two kidneys, and the fat that
+is upon them, which is on tlie flanks, and the
+midriff' above the liver, with the kidneys,
+shall he remove it.
+
+11 And the priest shall burn it upon the
+altar: it is the food of the offering made by
+fire unto the Lord.
+
+12 ][ And if a goat be his offering, then
+sliall lie In'ing it near before the Lord.
+
+13 And he shall lay his hand upon its
+head, and kill it before the tabernacle of the
+congregation: and the sons of Aaron shall
+sprinkle its blood upon the altar round about.
+
+14 And he shall offer thereof his offering,
+as a fire-oflering unto the Lord, the fat that
+covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is
+upon the inwards,
+
+15 And the two kidneys, and the fat that
+is upon them, which is on the flanks, and the
+midriff above the liver, with the kidneys
+shall he remove it.
+
+16 And the priest shall burn them upon the
+altar; as the food of the ofiering made by fire
+for a sweet savour, is all the fat unto the Lord.
+
+17 A perpetual statute shall it be for your
+generations throughout all your dwellings: no
+fat nor blood shall ye eat.*
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 *i\ And the Lord spolve unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying.
+If any person do sin througli ignorance against
+any of the prohibitions'" of the Lord which
+ought not to be done, and do any of them ;
+
+
+' This is explained by the uext word.s, "the best part,
+tbat is the whole rump;" or as the. moderus have it, "the
+whole fat tail," referring to the Syrian sheep, the tail of
+wliich is broad and fat.
+
+'' IJotli the negative and positive precepts are command-
+ments; wherefore the first may also bo properly called
+nii'D "precepts."
+
+" This ia explained, that the high-priest's siu must be
+120
+
+
+') If the anointed priest do sin to bring
+guiltiness" on the people: then shall he bring
+near for his sin, which he hath committed, a
+young bullock without blemish, unto the
+Lord, for a sin-ofitbring.
+
+4 And he shall bring the bullock unto the
+door of the tabernacle of the congregation
+before the Lord; and he shall lay his hand
+upon the head of the bullock, and kill'' the
+bullock before the Lord.
+
+5 And the anointed priest shall take some
+of the bullock's blood, and binng it into the
+ttxbernacle of the congregation :
+
+6 And the pi'iest shall dip his finger in the
+blood; and he shall sprinkle of the Ijlood
+seven times before the Lord, before the vail
+of the sanctuary.
+
+7 And the priest shall put some of the
+blood upon the horns of the altar of the in-
+cense of spices before the Lord, which is in
+the tabernacle of the congregation; and all the
+(remaining) blood of the bullock shall he pour
+out at the bottom of the altar of burnt-offer-
+ing, which is at the door of the tabernacle of
+the congregation.
+
+8 And all the fat of the Indlock of the sin-
+offering shall he take off from the s;\me : the
+fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat
+that is upon the inwards,
+
+9 And the two kidnej's, and the flxt that
+is upon them, which is on the flanks, and the
+midriff above the liver, with the kidney's,
+shall he remove it;
+
+10 As it is taken off from the bullock of
+the sacrifice of peace-offering; and the priest
+shall Iniru tlie same upon the altar of burnt-
+offering;.
+
+11 And the skin of the bullock, and all his
+flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and
+his inwards, and his dung,
+
+12 Even the whole bullock, shall he carry
+forth without the camp, unto a clean place,
+to Avhere the ashes are poured out, and burn
+him on the w^ood with fire ; upon where the
+ashes are poured out shall he be burnt.
+
+13 ^ And if the whole congregation of
+
+
+like the sin of the elders spoken of in the next seotiou;
+/. c, that he give a wrong decision, which the people fol-
+low, by which they incur guilt.
+
+* The word anty means not merely to kill, but to pro-
+duce death by cutting the throat, as practised in Israel.
+This explanations holds good wherever the word "kill"
+occurs when speaking of sacrifices, or of animals slain lor
+the ordinary use of the people.
+
+
+LEVITICUS IV. VAYIKRA.
+
+
+Israel sin tlirough ignorance, and a thing be
+hidden from the eyes of the assembly," and
+tliey do any one of all the prohibitions of the
+Lord which ought not to be done, and they
+become guilty ;
+
+14 When now the sin becometh known,
+tlirough which they have siimed : then shall
+the congregation ofler a young bullock for a
+sin-oftering, and shall bring him before the
+tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+15 And the elders of the congregation shall
+lay their hands upon the head of the bullock
+betbre the Lord; and they shall kill the bul-
+lock before the Lord.
+
+16 And the anointed priest shall luring
+some of the bullock's blood into the tabenia-
+cle of the congregation :
+
+17 And the priest shall dip his fuiger in
+some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times
+before the Lord, before the vail.
+
+18 And some of the blood shall he put
+upon the horns of the altar which is before
+the Lord, that is in the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation; and all the (remaining) blood shall
+he pour out at the bottom of the altar of
+burnt-oflering, which is at the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+19 And all his fat shall he take from him,
+and burn it upon the altar.
+
+20 And he shall do with the bullock as he
+did with the bullock of the sin-oflering; so
+shall he do with this: and the priest shall
+make an atonement for them, and it shall be
+forgiven unto them.
+
+21 And he shall carry forth the bullock to
+without the camp, and burn him as he bunit
+the first bullock ; it is a sm-oflering of the
+congregation.
+
+22 *i\ If a ruler should sin, and do any one
+of the prohibitions of the Lord his God which
+ought not to be done, through ignorance, aud
+become guilty ;''
+
+23 If now his sin, wherein he hath
+sinned, come to his knowledge : he shall
+bring as his oftering, a goat, a male, without
+blemish ;
+
+24 And he shall lay his hand upon the
+head of the goat, and kill it on the place
+
+
+' This is explaiued, that the assembled judges decide
+err.meously concerning any one of the acts for which
+excision (ni^) is denounced, that it is permitted, aud the
+people do according to this erroneous decision, thus sin-
+
+
+where they kill the burnt-offering before the
+Lord ; it is a sin-offering.
+
+25 And the priest shall take some of the
+blood of the siu-ofiering with his finger, and
+put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt-
+offering; and (the remainder of) its blood
+shall he pour out at the bottom of the altar
+of burnt-offering.
+
+2C And all its fat shall he burn upon the
+altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace-offer-
+ing; and the priest shall make an atonement
+for him concerning lais sin, and it shall be
+forgiven unto him.'''
+
+27 T[ And if any person of the common
+people should sin through ignorance, by his
+doing any one of the prohibitions of the Lord,
+which ought not to be done, and become
+guilty;
+
+28 K now his sin, which he hath committed,
+come to his knowledge : then shall he bring as
+his offering, a goat, a female, without blemish,
+for his sin which he hath committed;
+
+29 And he shall lay his hand upon the
+head of the sin-offering, and slay the sin-offei-
+iug on the place of the burnt-offering.
+
+30 And the priest shall take some of the
+blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon
+the horns of the alt;ir of burnt-offering; and
+all the (remaining) blood thereof shall he pour
+out at the bottom of the altar.
+
+31 And all the fat thereof shall he remove,
+as the fat is removed from off the sacrifice of
+peace-offering; and the priest shall burn it
+upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the
+Lord ; and the priest shall make an atonement
+for him, and it sliall be forgiven unto him.
+
+32 ^ And if he bring a sheep for a sin-
+offering, a female without blemish shall he
+bring it.
+
+33 And he shall lay liis hand upon the
+head of the sin-offering, and slay it for a sin-
+offering on the place where they kill the burnt-
+offering.
+
+34 And the priest shall take some of the
+blood of the sin-offering with his finger, and
+put it upon the horns of the altar of bui-nt-offer-
+ing; and all the (remaining) blood thereof
+shall he pour out at the bottom of the altar :
+
+
+ning against a vital principle through ignorance, upon the
+instruction of their highest religious authority.
+
+'' Mendelssohn translates this expression, wherever it oc-
+curs, " And he becomes aware of his guilt," or as above,
+"they become aware of their guilt."
+
+121
+
+
+LEVITICUS IV. V. VAYIKRA.
+
+
+35 And all the fat thereof shall he remove,
+as the fat of the sheep is removed from the
+sacrifice of the peace-offering ; and the priest
+shall bum the same upon the altar, upon
+the offerings made by fire unto the Lord;
+and the priest shall make an atonement for
+him for his sin that he hath committed, and
+it shall be forgiven unto him.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 *[[ And if any person sin, because he
+heareth the voice of adjuration, and he is a
+witness, since he liath either seen or knoweth
+something ; if he do not tell it, and thus bear
+his iniquity ;
+
+2 Or if there be a person who toucheth any
+unclean thing, whether it be the carcass of an
+unclean beast, or the carcass of unclean cattle,
+or the carcass of an unclean creeping thing,
+and it escape his recollection ; but (he becom-
+eth aware that) he is unclean, and hath
+(thus) incurred guilt;
+
+3 Or if he touch the uncleanness of man,
+whatsoever unclean ness of the kind it be b}'
+which he can be defiled, and it escape his re-
+collection ; but he becometh aware of it, and
+(that) he hath (thus) incurred guilt ;
+
+4 Or if any p'jrson swear, by pronouncing
+with his lips" to i lo evil, or to do good (to him-
+self), in whatsoever it be that a man pro-
+nounceth with an oath, and it escape his
+recollection ; but he becometh aware of it that
+he hath incurred guilt by any one of these :
+
+5 And it shall be, if he have incurred guilt
+by any one of these (things,) that he shall con-
+fess that concerning which he hath sinned;
+
+G And he shall bring his trespass-offering
+unto the Lord for his sin which he hath com-
+mitted, a female from the flocks, a sheep or a
+goat, for a sin-offering; and the priest shall
+make an atonement for him concerning his
+sin.
+
+7 And if his means be not sufficient for a
+sheep, then shall he biing as his offering (for
+the trespass) which he hath committed, two
+turtle-doves, or two young pigeons, unto the
+Lord ; one for a sin-oftering, and the other for
+a burnt-offering.
+
+8 And he shall bring them unto the priest,
+and he shall offer tliat which is for the sin-
+
+
+" Philippson renders, " Or if a person swear thought-
+lessly to do," &c. llashi .seems to assent to this construc-
+(iou by commenting, "witli the lips, but not the heart."
+122
+
+
+offering first, and pinch off its head by the
+back of its neck, but shall not divide it
+asunder :
+
+9 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood
+of the sin-offering upon the wall of the altar ;
+and the rest of the blood shall be wrimg
+out at the bottom of the altar; it is a sin-
+offering.
+
+10 And the second shall he prepare as a
+burnt-offering, according to the prescribed
+order; and the priest shall make an atone-
+ment for him for his sin which he hath com-
+mitted, and it shall be forgiven unto him.'''
+
+1 1 T[ But if his means be not sufficient for
+two turtle-doves, or two young pigeons, then
+shall he bring as his offering for that wliich
+he hath sinned, the tenth part of ;vn ephah of
+fine flour for a sin-offering; he shall not put
+upon it any oil, nor shall he put thereupon
+any frankincense ; for it is a sin-offering.
+
+12 And he shall bring it to the priest; and
+the priest shall take from it his handful, as
+its memoriiil, and burn it on the altar, upon
+the fire-offerings of the Lord: it is a sin-
+offering.
+
+13 And the priest shall make an atonement
+for him concerning his sin that he hath com-
+mitted in one of these, and it shall be for-
+given unto him ; and it shall belong to the
+priest, as the meat-offering.
+
+14 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+15 If any person commit a trespass, and
+sin through ignorance, against the holy things
+of the Lord: then shall he bring as his tres-
+pass-offering unto the Lord a ram without
+blemish out of the flocks, in value of two
+shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanc-
+tuary, for a trespass-offering.
+
+16 And that, in which he hath sinned
+against the holy thing, shall he pay, and shall
+add its fifth part thereto, and give it unto the
+priest; and the priest shall make an atone-
+ment for him with the ram of the trespass-
+offering, and it shall be forgiven unto him.
+
+n % And if any person sin, and commit
+any one of the prohibitions of the Lord which
+ought not to be done; and he knoAv'' not
+whether he have incurred guilt, and so bear
+his iniquity :
+
+^ i. e. It is probable that he has unawares committed a
+capital sin, without being certain whether it be so : /. e. that
+both lawful and prohibited food had been before him.
+
+
+LEVITICUS V. VI. TZAV.
+
+
+18 Then shall he bring a ram without
+blemish out of the flocks, of the usual value,
+for a trespass-oftering, unto the priest; and
+the priest shall make an atonement for him
+concerning his sin of ignorance, wherein he
+hath erred and knoweth it not, and it shall
+be forgiven unto him;
+
+19 It is a trespass-oflering : he hath in tres-
+passing trespassed against the Lord."
+
+20 *! And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+21 If any person sin, and commit a tres-
+pass against the Lord ; if he, namely, lie unto
+his neighbour in that which was delivered
+to him to keep, or in a loan, or in a thing-
+taken away by violence, or if he have with-
+held the wages of his neighbour ;
+
+22 Or if he have found something which
+was lost, and lie concerning it, and swear
+ialsely ; in any one of all these which a man
+can do, to sin thereby : _
+
+23 Then shall it be, when he hath sinned,
+and is conscious of his guilt, that he shall re-
+store what he hath taken violently away, or
+the wages which he hath withheld, or that
+which was delivered to him to keep, or the
+lost thing which he hath found,*
+
+24 Or any one thing about which he may
+have sworn falsely; and he shall restoi'e it in
+its principal, and the fifth part thereof shall
+he add thereto; unto him to whom it apper-
+taineth shall he give it, on the day when he
+confesseth his trespass.
+
+25 And his trespass-oflering shall he bring
+unto the Lord, a ram without blemish out of
+the flocks, of the usual value, for a trespass-
+offering, unto the priest:
+
+26 And the priest shall make an atone-
+ment for him before the Lord, and it shall be
+forgiven unto him, for any one thing of all
+that he may have done to trespass thereby.
+
+Ilaphtorah in Isai.ah xliii. 21 to xliv. 23.
+
+
+SECTION XXV. TZAV, IV.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+
+" In the Eug. ver. the fifth chapter ends here.
+^ Lit. " Upon the place of burning."
+" t. e. The altar.
+
+* This word must be so understood : the meat-offering
+is brought to the altar; the greater part is given to the
+
+
+2 Command Aaron and his sons, saj'ing,
+This is the law of the burnt-oflering : It is
+the burnt-ofiering, which shall be burning''
+upon the altar all night unto the morning, and
+the fire of the altar shall be burning on it.°
+
+3 And the priest shall put on his linen
+garment, and linen breeches shall he put upon
+his flesh, and he shall lift up the ashes which
+the fire hath made by consuming the burnt-
+ofiering on the altar, and he shall place them
+beside the altar.
+
+4 And he shall take off his garments, and
+put on other garments, and carry forth tlie
+ashes to without the camp, unto a clean place.
+
+5 And the fire upon the altar shall be
+burning on it, it shall not be put out, and the
+priest shall burn wood on it every morning;
+and he shall lay in order upon it the burnt-
+offering, and he sliall burn thereon the fat of
+the peace-ofierings.
+
+6 A perpetual fire shall be burning upon
+the altar; it shall not go out.
+
+7 ][ And this is the law of the meat-offering :
+(one of) the sons of Aaron shall bring it near
+before the Lord, in front of the altar.
+
+8 And he shall lift up from it his handful,
+of the flour of the meat-offering, and of its oil,
+and all the frankincense which is upon the
+meat-oftering, and he shall burn it upon the
+altar, for a sweet savour,' as its memorial,'*
+unto the Lord.
+
+9 And what is left thereof shall Aaron and
+his sons eat : unleavened shall it be eaten in a
+holy place; in the court of the tabernacle of
+the congregation shall they eat it.
+
+10 It shall not be baked leaven; as their
+portion have I given it from my offerings
+made by fire; it is most holy, as is the sin-
+offering, and as is the trespass-offering.
+
+11 All the males among the children of
+Aaron shall eat of it, as a fixed portion for
+ever in your generations from the fire-offer-
+ings of the Lord: every one that toucheth
+the same shall be holy.*
+
+12 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+13 This is the offering of Aaron and of his
+sons, which they shall offer imto the Lord on
+the day when he is anointed : the tenth part
+
+
+priest ; but the portion offered on the altar is, as it were,
+that which causeth the offerer to be remembered on high.
+Philippson translates the word as " the part to praise
+therewith."
+
+123
+
+
+LEVITICUS VI. VII. TZAV.
+
+
+of an ephah of fine flour for a meat-offering
+perpetually; half of it in the morning, and
+the other half of it in the evening.
+
+14 In a pan, with oil, shall it be made, well
+sodden" shalt thou bring it; twice baked, a
+meat-offering of broken pieces, shalt thou offer
+it for a sweet savour unto the Lord.
+
+15 And the priest that shall be anointed
+in his stead among his sons shall offer it: it
+is a statute for ever, unto the Lord; it shall be
+wholly burnt.
+
+16 And every meat-offering of a priest
+shall be wholly burnt, it shall not be eaten.
+
+17 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+18 Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, say-
+ing, This is the law of the sin-offering : On the
+place where the burnt-ofiering is killed shall
+the sin-offering be killed before the Lord; it
+is most holy.
+
+19 The priest who maketh atonement with
+its blood shall eat it : in a holy place shall it
+be eaten, in the court of the tabernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+20 Whatsoever may touch the flesh there-
+of shall be holy: and if there should be
+sprinkled any of its blood upon a garment,
+whatever it hath been sprinkled on shalt thou
+wash out in a holy place.
+
+21 And any earthen vessel wherein it may
+have been boiled shall be broken : and if it
+have been boiled in a copper vessel, it shall
+be both scoured and rinsed with water.
+
+22 Every male among the priests may eat
+thereof: it is most holy.
+
+23 And every sin-ofiering whereof any of
+the blood is brought into the tabernacle of the
+congregation to make atonement therewith in
+the holy place, shall not be eaten; it shall be
+burnt in fire.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ^ And this is the law of the trespass-
+offering: It is most holy.
+
+2 On the place where they kill the burnt-
+offering shall they kill the trespass-offering;
+
+
+" So Rashi explains the word n^D^D "sodden sufficient
+in hot water ;" after which it was baked in an oven, broken
+in pieces, and baked again in the pan. Others explain
+tiiis term with " softened with oil." Hut tiiis being one
+of the words wliich occur in but one passage, it is difficult
+to state it« precise signification.
+
+'' This is variously explalMcd, so as to agree with the
+121
+
+
+and the blood thereof shall be sprinkled upon
+the altar round about.
+
+3 And all its ftit shall be offered up from
+it; the rump, and the fit that covereth the
+inwards,
+
+4 And the two kidneys, and the fat that is
+on them, which is on the flanks, and the mid-
+riff above the liver, with the kidneys shall
+he remove the same :
+
+5 And the priest shall burn them upon the
+altar for an ofiering made l)y fire unto the
+Lord; it is a trespass-oftering.
+
+G Ever}' male among the priests may eat
+thereof; in a holy place shall it be eaten : it
+is most holy.
+
+7 As the sin-ofiering is, so is the trespass-
+offering; there is one law for them: the priest
+that maketh atonement therewith, his shall
+it be.
+
+8 And the priest that offeretli any man's
+burnt-ofiering, — the skin of the burnt-offering
+which he hath ofiered shall belong to this
+priest alone.
+
+9 And every meat-offering that is baked in
+the oven, and all that is dressed in the deep
+pan, and in the flat 2">an, shall belong to the
+priest that ofl'ereth it alone.*"
+
+10 And every meat-offering which is min-
+gled with oil, or dry, shall Ijelong to all the
+sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other.'"
+
+11 T[ And this is the law of the sacrifice
+of peace-offering, which one may happen to
+ofler unto the Lord.
+
+12 If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then
+shall he offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiv-
+ing unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and un-
+leavened wafers anointed withoil, and fine flour,
+well sodden, made into cakes mingled with oil.
+
+13 Together with cakes of leavened bread
+shall he bring his offering, with the sacrifice
+of his thanksgiving peace-offering.
+
+14 And he shall offer tliereol' one out of
+every oblation for a heave-offering unto the
+Lord; to the priest that sprinkleth the blood
+of the i)eace-offering — to him sludl it lielong.
+
+15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of his
+
+
+next verse. First, that it is the absolute property of the
+officiating priest, to distribute it at his option among his
+fellows; secondly, that it belongs to the family division
+of the sacrificer who may have the duties to perform on
+the day of the sacrifice. Arnhcim and others render
+verse 10, "]5ut," &c., thus making a distinction between
+the various kinds of sacrifices.
+
+
+LEVITICUS VII. TZAV.
+
+
+tlianksghing-peace-oifering shall be eaten the
+same day that it is ofiered; he shall not leave
+any of it until the morning.
+
+16 But if the sacrifice of his offering be a
+vow, or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten
+the same day that he offereth his sacrifice:
+and on the morrow also shall what is left
+thereof be eaten.
+
+17 But what is left of the flesh of the sacri-
+fice, on the third day shall it be burnt with
+fire.
+
+18 And if the intention" was to eat of the
+flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offering on
+the thii'd day, it shall not be favourably re-
+ceived ; to him who oflereth it shall it not be ac-
+counted; it shall be an abomination, and the
+person that eateth of it shall bear liis iniquity.
+
+19 And the flesh, that toucheth an}- unclean
+thing, shall not be eaten, with fire shall it
+be burnt: and as for the flesh, every one
+tluvt is clean may eat thereof
+
+20 But the person that eateth the flesh of
+the sacrifice of peace-offering, that pertaineth
+unto the Lord, having his uncleanness upon
+him, even that person shall be cut ofi" from
+his people.
+
+21 And any pensoii that toucheth any un-
+clean thing, as the uncleanness of man, or any
+unclean beast, or any abominable unclean
+thing, and eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice
+of peace-offering, which pertaineth unto the
+Lord, even that person sliall be cut off from
+his people.
+
+22 And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+23 Speak unto the children of Israel, say-
+ing, Every manner of fat, of ox,'' or of sheep,
+or of goat shall ye not eat.
+
+24 And the tat of a beast that dieth of
+itself, and the tat of that which is torn by-
+beasts, may be used for any manner of work,
+but ye shall in no wise eat of it.
+
+25 For whosoever eateth the fat of tlie
+cattle, of which one can offer an offering made
+by fire unto the Lord, cacu the person that
+eateth it shall be cut off from his people.
+
+26 Moreover ye shall eat no manner of
+
+' After Rashi, in accordance with Zebachim, folio 28 a.
+See also Wesscli's note to this verse, where he proves that
+it would be incorrect to render "if any of the flesh, &c.
+be eaten."
+
+'' These are thb species of which a sacrifice can be
+brought: consequently, the fat of the deer-kind is per-
+mitted.
+
+
+blood, in any of your dwellmgs, whether it l)e
+of fowl or of cattle.'
+
+27 Whatsoever person it be that eateth
+any manner of blood, even that person shall
+be cut ofl" from his people.
+
+28 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,^
+
+29 Speak unto the children of Israel, say-
+ing, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace-
+offering unto the Lord shall bring his oblation
+unto the Lord from the sacrifice of his peace-
+oftering.
+
+30 His own hands shall bring it, as the
+fire-oflerings of the Lord: the fat with the
+breast shall he bring, the breast that it may
+be waved for a wave-offering before the Lord.
+
+31 And the priest shall burn the fat upon
+the altar; but the breast shall belong to
+Aaron and to his sons.
+
+32 And the right shoulder shall ye give
+unto the priest for a heave-offering, of the
+sacrifices of your peace-offerings.
+
+33 The one that offereth the blood of the
+peace-offerings and the fat, among the sons
+of Aaron, shall have the right shoulder for
+his part.
+
+34 For the breast which hath been waved
+and the shoulder which hath been lifted up
+have I taken from the children of Israel from
+the sacrifices of their peace-offerings; and I
+have given them unto Aaron the priest and
+unto his sons as a fixed portion* for ever from
+the children of Israel.
+
+35 This is the portion of the anointing" of
+Aaron, and of the anointing of his sons, from
+the fire-ofterings of the Lord, on the day
+when he brought them near to become priests
+unto the Lord;
+
+36 AVhich the Lord commanded to give
+unto them, on the day that he anointed them,
+from the children of Israel, as a fixed portion
+for ever throughout their generations.
+
+37 This is the law of the burnt-offering, of
+the mea<>offering, and of the sin-offering, and
+of the trespass-offering, and of the consecra-
+tion-offering, and of the sacrifice of the peace-
+offering ;
+
+° The blood, however, of all four-footed animals, as well
+as of birds, is interdicted, without distinction, whether the
+individual be fit for sacrifice or not.
+
+^ The word pn, otherwise rendered "statute," is here
+given, after Mendelssohn, with "fixed portion." (See
+Genesis xlvii. 22.)
+
+' i. e. His, in consequence uf his being anointed.
+
+-•j
+
+
+LEVITICUS VII. VIII. TZAV.
+
+
+38 Which the Lord commanded Moses on
+mount Sinai, on the day that he commanded
+the children of Israel to offer their oblations
+unto the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai.*
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Take Aaron and his sons with him, and
+the garments, and the anointing oil, and the
+bullock for the sin-offering, and the two rams,
+and the basket of unleavened bread ;
+
+3 And all the congregation shalt thou as-
+semble together unto the door of the taber-
+nacle of the congregation.
+
+4 And Moses did as the Lord had com-
+manded him ; and the assembly came together
+unto the door of the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation.
+
+5 And Moses said unto the congregation.
+This is the thing which the Lord hath com-
+manded to do.
+
+6 And Moses brought near Aaron and his
+sons, and washed them with water.
+
+7 And he put upon him the coat, and
+girded him with the girdle, and clothed him
+with the robe, and put upon him the ephod,
+and he girded him with the Ijelt of the ej)hod,
+and bound it unto him therewith.
+
+8 And he put on him the breastplate ; and
+he put in the breastj)late the Urim and the
+Thummim.
+
+9 And he put the mitre upon his head;
+and he placed upon the mitre, toward the
+front thereof, the golden plate, the holy
+crown; as the Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+10 And Moses took the anointing oil, and
+anointed the tabernacle and all that was
+therein, and sanctified them.
+
+11 And he sprinkled thereof upon the
+altar seven times; and he anointed the altar
+and all its vessels, also the laver and its foot,
+to sanctify them.
+
+12 And he poured of the anointing oil upon
+Aaron's head, and he anointed him, to sanc-
+tify him.
+
+
+' This is the manner in which Arnheim and Wesseli
+explain ontyi used here and in verses 19 and 23, it hav-
+ing in all these instances a disjunctive accent. Mcndels-
+siilin, however, after Torath Kohanim, both transl.ates
+"and Moses slew and took the blood," and comments that
+prcibalily during the week of consecration the killing of
+the sacrifices was recjuired to be done by Moses, periiaps
+to show the people the manner of kiUinj^ the same, as
+120
+
+
+13 And Moses brought near the sons of
+Aaron, and clothed them with coats, and
+girded them with girdles, and bound the bon-
+nets on them; as the Lord had commanded
+Moses.*
+
+14 And he brought near the bullock of the
+sin-offering: and Aaron and his sons laid
+their hands upon the head of the bullock of
+the sin-offering.
+
+15 And some one° slew him; and Moses
+took the blood, and put it upon the horns of
+the altar round about with his finger, and
+purified the altar, and the (remaining) blood
+he poured out at the bottom of the altar, and
+sanctified it, to make henceforth atonement
+upon it.
+
+16 And he took all the fat that was upon
+the inwards, and the midrifi' of the liver, and
+the two kidneys, and their fat, and Moses
+burnt them upon the altar.
+
+17 But the bullock, and his hide, and his
+flesh, and his dung, he burnt with fire with-
+out the camp; as the Lord had commanded
+Moses.
+
+18 And he brought near the ram of the
+burnf>of}ering ; and Aaron and his sons laid
+their hands upon the head of the ram.
+
+19 And some one killed him; and Moses
+sprinkled the blood upon the altar round
+about.
+
+20 And the ram he'' cut into the proper
+pieces; and Moses burnt the head, and the
+pieces, and the fat.
+
+21 And he washed the inwards and the
+legs in water; and Moses burnt the whole
+ram upon the altar : it was a burntr-saorifice
+for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire
+unto the Lord; as the Lord had commanded
+Moses.*
+
+22 And he brought near the other ram,
+the ram of consecration; and Aaron and his
+sons laid their hands upon the head of the
+ram.
+
+23 And some one slew him; and Moses
+took some of his blood, and put it upon the
+tip of Aaron's right ear, and upon the thumb
+
+he performed all the other duties of the service to show
+them all the laws thereof.
+
+'' M^^sseli and Arnheim remark that the cutting up
+and the washing of the sacrifice were probably performed
+by another person, as above, verse 15; as they do not
+properly belong to the net of sacrificing, and could there-
+fore be done liy a person not connected with the priest-
+hood.
+
+
+LEVITICUS VIII. IX. SHEMINEE.
+
+
+of bis right hand, and upon tiio great toe of
+his right foot.
+
+24 And he brought near Aaron's sons, and
+Moses put some of the blood upon the tip of
+their right ear, and upon the tliunib of their
+right hand, and upon the great toe of their
+right toot; and Moses sprinkled the blood
+upon the altar round about.
+
+25 And he took the fat, and the rump,
+and all the fat that was upon the inwards,
+and the midriff of the liver, and the two kid-
+neys, and their fat, and the right shoulder ;
+
+26 And out of the basket of unleavened
+bread, that was before the Lord," he took one
+unleavened cake, and one cake of oiled bread,
+and one wafer, and he put them on the fat,
+and upon the right shoulder :
+
+27 And he placed the whole upon the
+hands of Aaron, and upon the hands of his
+sons, and made with them a waving before
+the Lord.
+
+28 And Moses then took these things from
+ofl' their hands, and burnt them on the altar
+upon the burnt-ofFeriug ^ they were a conse-
+cration-offering for a sweet savour, a fire-offer-
+ing were they unto the Lord.
+
+29 And Moses took the breast, and made
+therewith a waving before the Lord; from
+the ram of consecration was it given to Moses
+as his portion; as the Lord had commanded
+Moses.*
+
+30 And Moses took some of the anointing
+oil, and of the blood which Avas ujjon the
+altar, and sprinkled the same upon Aaron,
+and upon his garments, and upon his sons,
+and upon the garments of his sons with him ;
+and he sanctified Aaron, his garments, and
+his sons, and the garments of his sons with
+him.
+
+31 And Moses said unto Aaron and to his
+sons, Boil ye the flesh at the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation; and there
+shall ye eat it with the bread that is in the
+basket- of the consecration; as I have com-
+manded, saying, Aaron and his sons shall
+eat it.
+
+32 And that which is left of the flesh and
+of the bread shall ye burn with fire.*
+
+33 And from the door of the tabernacle of
+
+
+" Meaning, the basket which had been placed near the
+altar, as by this means it was more in the presence of God
+than in any other place.
+
+' Lit. "Shall he (the consecrator) fill your hand."
+
+
+the congregation shall ye not go forth seven
+days, until the days of your consecration be
+at an end; for seven days shall your conse-
+cration last.''
+
+34 As they have done this day, so haih
+the Lord commanded to do farther, to make
+an atonement for 3'ou.
+
+35 And at the door of the tabernacle of the
+congregation shall ye abide day and night
+seven days, and keep the charge of the Lord,
+that ye die not; for so have I been com-
+manded.
+
+36 And Aaron aitd his sons did all the
+things which the Lord had commanded jjy
+the hand of Moses.
+
+Haphtorah in Jeremiah vii. 21 to viii. 3 and is. 22, 23.
+
+
+SECTION XXVL SHEMINEE, 'yDC
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass < n the eighth day
+that Moses called Aaron and his sons, and
+the elders of Israel ;
+
+2 And he said unto Aaron, Take unto thy-
+self a young calf" for a sin-offering, and a ram
+for a burnt-offering, without blemish, and
+bring them near before the Lord.
+
+3 And unto the children of Israel shalt
+thou speak, sajdng, Take ye a he-goat for a
+sin-offering; and a calf and a sheep, both of
+the first year, without blemish, for a burnt-
+offering ;
+
+4 Also a bullock and a ram for peace-offer-
+ings, to sacrifice before the Lord, and a meat-
+offering mingled with oil; for this day the
+Lord will appear unto you.
+
+5 And they brought that which Moses had
+commanded before the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation : and all the congregation drew near
+and stood before the Lord.
+
+6 And Moses said. This thing which the
+Lord. hath commanded shall ye do: and then
+will tlie glory of the Lord appear ur to you.
+
+7 And Moses said unto Aaron, Draw near
+unto the altar, and prepare thy sin-oflering.
+and thy burnt-ofiering, and make an atone-
+ment for thj'self, and lor the people ; and pre-
+pare the offering of the people, and make an
+
+
+° This phrase ip3 p Sj;? is said to mean a steer of two
+years, so likewise "ram" signifies one two years old; but
+when the words Sji' and n/ij "calf" and "sheep" are
+used, they mean animals one year old.
+
+127
+
+
+LEVITICUS IX. X. SHEMINEE.
+
+
+atonement for them; as the Lord hath com-
+mauded. *
+
+8 And Aaron drew near nnto the altar;
+and he slew the calf of the sin-ofiering, which
+Avas for himself.
+
+9 And the sons of Aaron brought the
+blood unto him; and he dipped his finger in
+the blood, and put it upon the honis of the
+altar; and the (remaining) blood he poured
+out at the bottom of the altar
+
+10 And the fat, and the kidneys, and the
+midriflf from the liver of the sin-offering, he
+burnt upon the altar; tis the Lord had com-
+manded Moses.
+
+11 And the flesh and the hide he burnt
+with fire without the camp.
+
+12 And he slew the burnt-offering; and
+the sons of Aaron presented unto him the
+blood, and he sprinkled it upon the altar
+round about.
+
+13 And the burnt-offering they presented
+unto him, in its proper pieces, together with
+the head: and he burnt them upon the
+altar.
+
+14 And he washed the inwards and the
+legs; and he burnt them uj^on the burnt-
+offering on the altar.
+
+15 And he brought near the people's offer-
+ing ; and he took the goat of the sin-offering
+which belonged to the people, and slew it,
+and made atonement" with its blood, as the
+first.
+
+16 And he brought near the burnt-offering,
+and offered it according to the prescribed
+manner.*
+
+17 And he brought near the meat-offering,
+and he filled his hand thereof, and burnt it
+upon the altar, beside the burnt-sacrifice of
+the morning.
+
+18 He slew also the bullock and the ram,
+the sacrifice of peace-offering which belonged
+to the people: and the sous of Aaron pre-
+sented unto him the blood, and he sprinkled
+it upon the altar round about,
+
+19 Also the fat of the bullock, and of the
+ram, the rumj), and that which covereth the
+
+' Onkelos thus renders iDNBrri, aud views it as express-
+ing that the priest made of it a siu-ofForing by sprin-
+kling the blood: the word UowJ, however, is not in the
+text, and is merely understood. So also above, vi. 19,
+and elsewhere.
+
+" The guilt of the sons of Aaron (more correctly Aha-
+ron) evidently consisted in their bringing incense upon a
+censa' which had not been commanded, as it was merely
+128
+
+
+inwards, and the kidneys, and the midriff of
+the liver;
+
+20 And they put these jiieces of fot upon
+the breasts, and he burnt the lat upon the
+altar;
+
+21 And with the breasts and the right
+shoulder Aaron made a waving before the
+Lord; as Moses had commanded.
+
+22 And Aaron lifted \i\) his hands toward
+the people, and blessed them ; and came down
+after he had offered the sin-offering, and the
+burnt-offering, and peace-offerings.
+
+23 And Moses and Aaron went into the
+tabernacle of the congregation, and came then
+out, and blessed the people : and the glory of
+the Lord appeared unto all the people.*
+
+24 And there came forth a fire from before
+the Lord, and consumed upon the altar the
+burnt^offering and the fat; and when all the
+people saw this, they shouted, and lell on
+their faces.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of
+Aaron, took each his censer, and they put
+therein fire, and put thereon incense: and
+they brought near before the Lord a strange
+fire,* which he had not commanded them.
+
+2 Anc\ there went out a fire from Ijefore
+the Lord, and consumed them, and they died
+before the Lord.
+
+3 Then said Moses unto Aaron. This is
+what the Lord hath sjwken, saying, On those
+who are near unto me will I be sanctified,
+and before all the people will I be glorified:
+and Aaron held his peace.
+
+4 And Moses called unto Mishael and El-
+zaphan, the sons of 'Uzziel, the uncle of Aaron,
+and said unto them, Come near, carry your
+brethren from before the sanctuary to without
+the camp.
+
+5 And they came near, and carried them
+in their coats to without the camp ; as Moses
+had spoken.
+
+6 And Moses said unto Aaron, and unto
+Elazar and unto Ithamar, his sons. The hair
+
+
+to be sacrificed on the altar which was within the sanc-
+tuary, and then but twice every d.-iy. .^nd wliilo they
+were engaged in this unacceptable ministry, they were
+slain in the tabernach^ by the mysterious fire. The
+words "consumed thciu" must, however, be understood,
+not as a perfect burning, but as merely em iigh to cause
+death, or else they could not have been carried forth to be
+buried iu their garments.
+
+
+LEVITICUS X. XL SHEMINEE.
+
+
+of your head you. shall not let grow long, and
+your garments you shall not rend, that ye
+die not, and that he be not Avroth upon the
+Avhole congregation; but your Ijrethren, the
+whole house of Israel, nuxy bewail the burn-
+ing which the Lord hath kindled.
+
+7 And from the door of the taljernacle of
+the congregation shall ye not go out, lest ye
+die; for the anointing oil of the Lord is upon
+you ; and they did according to the word of
+Moses.
+
+8 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Aaron,
+saying,
+
+9 Wine or strong drink" shalt thou not
+drink, neither thou, nor thy sons with thee,
+when ye go in unto the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation, lest 3'e die : it shall Ije a statute for
+ever throughout your generations.
+
+10 So that ye may be able to distinguish
+between Ihe lioly and the unholy, and be-
+tween the unclean and the clean ;
+
+11 And that ye may he able to teach the
+children of Israel all the statutes which the
+Lord hath spoken unto them by the hand of
+Moses.*
+
+12 ][ And Moses spoke unto Aaron, and
+unto Elazar and unto Ithamar his sons, that
+were left, Take ye the meat-offering that is
+left of the fire-offerings of the Lord, and eat
+it unleavened beside the altar ; for it is most
+holy.
+
+13 And ye shall eat it in a holy place, be-
+cause it is thy fixed portion, and the fixed
+portion of thy sons, from the fire-ofierings of
+the Lord; for so have I been commanded.
+
+14 And the breast which hath been waved
+and the shoulder which hath been lifted up,
+shall ye eat in a clean place, thou, and thy
+sons, and thy daughtei's with thee ; for as thy
+fixed portion, and the fixed portion of thy
+sous, have they been given from the sacrifices
+of peace-offerings of the children of Israel.
+
+15 The shoulder which is waved and the
+
+' From the fact that this section follows immediately
+the one containing the death of Aaron's sons, it was the
+opinion of Rabbi Ishmael, that they had entered the sanc-
+tuary in a state of drunkenness; be this as it may, it is an
+energetic prohibition against the use of any intoxicating
+drink, by priests or judges, before they engage in their
+solemn duties.
+
+'' Aaron uo doubt meant to exhibit to Moses, that as he
+had not enumerated the sin-offering among the things to be
+eaten, (verse 12,) it would have been wrong for him to eat
+thereof, while his sons were yet unburied ; and he there-
+fore had it burnt, as it could not lawfully be kept till the
+R
+
+
+breast which is lifted up, shall they bring with
+the fat of the fire-offering, to make thei-ewith
+a waving before the Lord; and then shall it
+be thine, and thy sons with thee, as a fixed
+portion tor ever; as the Lord hath com-
+manded.*
+
+IG And the goat of the sin-offering Moses
+sought diligently, and behold, it was burnt :
+and he was angry with Elazar and Ithamar,
+the sous of Aaron who had been left, and
+said,
+
+17 Wherefore have ye not eaten the sin-
+offering in the holy place, seeing that it is
+most hoi}', and that he hath given it to you
+to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to
+make atonement for them before the Lord ?
+
+18 Behold, its blood was not brought with-
+in the holy place : ye should then have eaten
+it in the holy place, as I commanded.
+
+19 And Aaron spoke unto Moses, Behold,
+this day have they offered their sin-offering,
+and their burnt-oflcring before the Lord ; and
+things as these have befallen me : and if I had
+eaten the sin-ofiering to-da}',^ would it have
+been pleasing in the eyes of the Lord ?
+
+20 And when Moses heard this, it was
+pleasing in his eyes.*
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+to Aaron, saying unto them,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying,
+These are the beasts which ye may eat among
+all the laeasts'' that are on the earth.
+
+3 Whatsoever divideth the hoof, and is
+cloven-footed, and cheweth the cud, among
+the beasts, that may ye eat.
+
+4 But these shall ye not eat, of those that
+chew the cud, or of those that divide the
+hoof: the camel ; because he cheweth the cud,
+but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto
+
+
+you.
+
+
+5 And the conv; because he cheweth the
+
+
+next day. And though he had concluded wrongly, still
+Moses was satisfied; as he had acted from pure intentions.
+— After Wesseli.
+
+" nrDHD in this and subsequent verses is rendered by
+Arnheim " fourfonted," i. eranimals. Usually it is given
+with " cattle," that is, the domestic ones, in opposition to
+rrn "the beast" which roams wild. But as "beast" in
+English includes both the wild and domestic animal, the
+word has been used to express both rrn and n-ina, fnim
+the difficulty of translating them always with the proper
+synonyme.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XL SIIEMINEE.
+
+
+cud, but dividetli not the hoof; he is unclean
+unto you.
+
+6 And the hare; because he cheweth the
+cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean
+unto you.
+
+7 And the swine; because he divideth the
+hoof, and is cloven-footed, but he cheweth not
+the cud ; he is unclean unto you.
+
+8 Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their
+carcass shall ye not touch; they ai-e unclean
+unto you.
+
+9 These may ye eat, of all that are in the
+waters: All that have fins and scales in the
+waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them
+may ye eat.
+
+10 But all that have not fins and scales in
+the seas, and in the rivers, of whatever moy-
+eth in the waters, and of any living thing
+which is in the waters, shall be an abomina-
+tion unto you :
+
+11 And an aliominatiou shall they remain
+unto you ; of their flesh shall ye not eat,
+and their carcasses ye shall liave in abomina^
+tion.
+
+12 Whatsoever hath not fins and scales in
+the waters, shall be an abomination unto
+you.
+
+13 And these shall ye have in abomination
+among the fowls; they shall not be eaten,
+they are an abomination : The eagle," and the
+ossifrage, and the osprey,
+
+14 And the vulture, and the kite after his
+kind ;
+
+1 5 Every raven after his kind ;
+
+16 And the ostrich, and the night-hawk,
+and the cuckoo, and the hawk after his
+kind ;
+
+17 And the little owl, and the cormorant,
+and the great owl,
+
+18 And the swan, and the pelican, and the
+gier-eagle,
+
+19 And the stork, tlie heron after his kind,
+and the lapwing, and the bat.
+
+20 All flying insects that walk upon four
+feet, shall be an ahomination unto you.
+
+21 Yet these may ye eat, among all the
+
+
+' The meaning of some of the birds' names, like that of
+the stones in the breastplate, are of very uncertain signi-
+fication. (See also Dent. xiv. 12-18.)
+
+■■ All these are species of the locust — the particular
+kinds are not known ; hence they are left untranslated, as
+has been done by Mendelssohn and Aruheim. The same
+uncertainty prevails concerning the animals nieutioncd in
+Verse.-i iiU and o 1,
+130
+
+
+flying insecis that walk on four feet, which
+have spring-legs above their feet, to leap
+therewith upon the earth.
+
+22 These of them may ^-e eat : The locust
+after its kind, and the sol'am'' after its kind,
+and the chargol after its kind, and the chagab
+after its kind.
+
+23 But all flying insects, which have four
+feet, shall be an abomination unto you;
+
+24 And through these shall ye be rendered
+unclean: whosoever toucheth tlie carcass of
+them shall be unclean until the evening;
+
+25 And who.soever beareth aught of their
+carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean
+imtil the evening.
+
+26 Every species of beast,'' which divideth
+the hoof and is not cloven-footed nor cheweth
+the cud, is unclean unto 30U : every one that
+toucheth the same shall be unclean.
+
+27 And all that walk upon their paws,
+among all manner of beasts that walk on four
+feet, are unclean unto you ; whosoever touch-
+eth their carcass shall be unclean until the
+evening.
+
+28 And he that beareth their carcass shall
+wash his clothes, and be unclean until the
+evening: unclean shall they be unto 30U.
+
+29 ^[ And these shall be unclean unto you
+among the creeping things that creep upon
+the earth : The weasel, and the mouse, and the
+tortoise after its kind,
+
+30 And the hedgehog, and the chame-
+leon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the
+mole.
+
+31 These shall be unclean to you among
+all that creep: whosoever doth touch them,
+when they are dead, shall be unclean until
+the evening.
+
+32 And every thing upon which any ])art
+of them, when they are dead, doth lull, shall
+be unclean ; whether it be any ^'essel of Mood,
+or raiment, or skin, or sack, ever^- ^■essel
+wherewith any work can be done, must be put
+into water, and it shall be unclean until the
+evening, Avlien it shall be clean.'''
+
+33 And every earthen vessel whereinto
+
+" In this the prohibition is rendered general, that any
+animal which has a hoof that is not divided tiiruugh,
+though it be partially split, shall be unclean. The touch-
+ing to render man unclean, refers to the carcass, not the
+living animal, as appears from the wdiole tenor of the pre-
+cept given here with regard to uncleanuess arising from
+touching unclean animals. Verse 27 interdicts all animals
+that iiayc neither niark of cleanness bci'ore given,
+
+
+LEVITICUS XI. XII. TAZREEANG.
+
+
+any part of them falletli, whatsoever is in it
+shall be unclean; and itself shall ye break.
+
+34 All kinds of food which may be eaten,"
+on which water cometh, shall be unclean : and
+all drink that may be drunk, shall be render-
+ed unclean in every vessel.
+
+35 And every thing whereupon any part
+of their carcass falleth, shall be unclean; an
+oven,^ or ranges for pots, shall be broken
+down, they are unclean; and unclean shall
+they be unto j^ou.
+
+36 Nevertheless, a fountain, or pit, recepta-
+cles for water, shall be clean;' but lie"* that
+toucheth their carcass shall be unclean.
+
+37 And if any part of their carcass fall
+upon any sowing-seed which hath been* sown,
+it shall be clean.
+
+38 But if any water be ^nit upon the seed,
+and any part of their carcass tall thereon, it
+shall be unclean unto you.
+
+39 ][ And if any cattle die, which is allow-
+ed to you as food : he that toucheth its car-
+cass shall be unclean until the evening.
+
+40 And he that eateth of its carcass shall
+wash his clothes, and be unclean until the
+evening ; he also that beareth its carcass shall
+wash his clothes, and be unclean until the
+evening.
+
+41 And every creeping thing that creepeth
+upon the earth is an abomination, it shall not
+be eaten.
+
+42 Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and
+whatsoever goeth upon four feet, down to
+whatsoever hath many feet among all creep-
+ing things that creep upon the earth, shall ye
+not eat; for they are an abomination.
+
+43 Ye shall not make yourselves abomina-
+ble with any creeping thing that creepeth;
+and ye shall not make yourselves unclean
+with them, that ye should be defiled thereby.
+
+44 For I am the Lord 30ur God ; ye shall
+therefore sanctifj' yourselves, and ye shall be
+holy ; for I am holy : neither shall ye make
+yourselves unclean with any manner of creep-
+ing thing that creepeth upon the earth.*
+
+45 For I am the Lord that have Ijrought
+you up out of the land of Egypt, to be }'our
+
+'"This refers to the preceding verse; whatever food
+on wliich water has been put, as also all manner of drink
+which shall happen to be in the unclean vessel, shall be
+rendered unclean." — Rashi.
+
+' Tradition defines these to mean movable earthen
+ovens and ranu-es.
+
+
+God ; }'e shall therefore be holy, for I am
+holy.
+
+46 This is the law of the beasts, and of
+the fowl, and of every living creature that
+moveth in the waters, and of every creature
+that creepeth upon the earth :
+
+47 To distinguish between the unclean and
+the clean, and between the beast that may be
+eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.
+
+Haphtorah in 2 Samuel vi. 1 to 19. The Germans read to
+vii. 3, and the Italians to verso 17.
+
+
+SECTION XXVII. TAZREEANG, >'nrn
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 *(\ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying,
+If a woman have conceived seed, and born a
+male child: then shall she be unclean seven
+days, even as in the dajs of the separation
+for her infirmity shall she be unclean.
+
+3 And on the eighth day shall the flesh of
+his foreskin be circumcised.
+
+4 And thirty and three days shall she then
+continue in the blood of her pui-ification ; any
+thing hallowed shall she not touch, and into
+the sanctuary shall she not come, initil the
+days of her puinfication be at an end.
+
+5 But if she bear a female child, then shall
+she be unclean two Aveeks, as in her separa-
+tion; and sixty and six days shall she con-
+tinue in the blood of the purification.
+
+6 And at the completion of the days of her
+purification, for a son, or for a daughter, she
+shall bring a sheep of the first jear lor a
+burnt-oflering, and a joung pigeon, or a
+turtle-dove, for a sin-ofl'ering, unto the door
+of the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the
+priest.
+
+7 And he shall bring it near before the
+Lord, and make an atonement for her, and
+she shall be cleansed irom the issue of her
+blood; this is the law for her tliat hath given
+birth to a male or to a female.
+
+8 And if her mealis will not suffice for a
+
+
+° " Even should a
+■i " Though he be
+
+water." — Kasui.
+' " In a way that
+
+Jonathan.
+
+
+carcass lie therein." — Arniieim.
+at the time in a fountain or pit of
+
+il call be sown in a dry state." —
+
+J31
+
+
+LEVITICUS XII. XIII. TAZREEANG.
+
+
+lauib, then shall she take two turtle-doves, or
+two young pigeons, the one for a burnt^
+offering, and the other for a sin-oftering; and
+the priest shall make an atonement for her,
+and she shall be clean.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, saying,
+
+2 If a man shall have in the skin of his
+flesh a swelling,"' a rising, or a bright spot,
+and it might become* in the skin of his flesh
+the plague of leprosy : then shall he be brought
+unto Aaron the priest, or unto one of his sons
+the priests.
+
+3 And if the priest shall see the plague
+in the skin of the flesh, and the hair in the
+plague be turned white, and the appearance of
+the plague be deeper than the skin of his
+flesh : it is a plague of leprosy ; and (so soon
+as) the priest shall see him, he shall pro-
+nounce him unclean.
+
+4 But if it be a white bright spot in the
+skin of his flesh, and its appearance be not
+deeper than the skin, and the hair be not
+turned white : then shall the priest shut up
+the plague seven days.
+
+5 And the priest shall see him on the
+seventh day; and, behold, if the plague have
+remained unchanged in its appearance, the
+l^lague have not spread in the skin : then shall
+the priest shut him up seven days more.*
+
+6 And the priest shall see him again on
+the seventh day; and, behold, if the plague
+be somewhat pale, and the plague have not
+spread in the skin : then shall the priest pro-
+nounce him clean; it is a rising, and he shall
+wash his clothes, and be clean.
+
+7 But if the rising should spread abroad in
+the skin, after he hath been seen by the priest
+for his cleansing, he shall be seen again by
+the priest.
+
+° This is according to the version of Mendelssohn.
+Arnhcim renders nn3D " tetter," or a tetter-like affection.
+Jonatlian gives it with 'aiSp "peeling," "scale," or ".scab."
+I'hilippson translates nxw simply with "spot," and com-
+ments that this is the first symptom of leprosy : this view
+explains quite naturally the " depression" spoken of iu
+tli(! next verse.
+
+'' Both Jlendelssohn and Arnheim translate rrm as
+here given : it means then, that so soon as there is an ap-
+pearance which might terminate iu leprosy, the patient
+shall be brought to the priest fur inspection.
+
+° Tradition requires us to render "or," as Mendelssohn
+dues. Arnheim and others give it with --and."
+132
+
+
+8 And if the priest see that, behold, the
+rising have spread abroad in the skin, then
+shall the priest pronounce him unclean : it is
+leprosy.
+
+9 ][ If the plague of leprosy happen to be
+on a man, then shall he be brought unto the
+priest ;
+
+10 And the priest shall see, and, behold, if
+there be a white swelling in tlie skin, and the
+hair in it have turned white, or" there be a
+trace of healthy'' flesh in the swelling :
+
+11 It is an inveterate leprosy in the skin
+of his flesh, and the priest shall pronounce
+him unclean ; he shall not shut him up, for he
+is unclean.
+
+1 2 And if the leprosy break out abroad in the
+skin, and the leprosy cover all the skin of (him
+that hath) the plague from his head even to
+the feet, so far as the eyes of the priest can see :
+
+13 If now the priest should see, that, be-
+hold, the leprosy nave covered all his flesh,
+he shall pronounce the plague clean ; it is all
+turned white, he is clean.
+
+14 But on the day that healthy flesh ap-
+peareth therein, he shall be unclean.
+
+15 And the priest shall see the healthy
+flesh, and pronounce him to be unclean ; the
+healthy flesh is unclean, it is the lepros}'.
+
+16 Or if the healthy flesh turn again, and
+be changed unto white, he shall come unto
+the priest ;
+
+17 And if the priest see him, and, behold,
+the plague be turned into white : then shall
+the priest pronounce the j^lague'' clean, he is
+clean.'-"
+
+18 ^ And if there be a jjerson who hath had
+in his skin an inflammation, and hath been
+healed,
+
+19 And if there be on the place of the in-
+flammation a white swelling, or a white and
+dark red*^ bright spot, he shall be shown to
+the priest ;
+
+'' Others translate this with "raw flesh."
+' "Plague" stands for "him who hath the plague."
+' This version of " dark red" is after Mendelssohn, who
+views after the Rabbins, dtdin" and Pipi' as the inten-
+sives of mx and pT, therefore "dark red, dark green."
+The verse should then be explained, that there be upon
+the place where a wound or a sore has been in the skin a
+swelling or spot not decidedly white, but intermingled
+with dark red streaks, which peculiar appearance is a dis-
+tinctive mark of leprosy, not of a scar of the wound, if the
+other signs, the depression of the skin and the white hair,
+should be present. The same ii! the case with the next
+section.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XIIT. TAZREEANG.
+
+
+20 And if the priest see, and, behold, its
+appearance be lower than the skin, and the
+hair thereof have been turned white : then
+shall the priest pronounce him unclean, it is
+the plague of leprosy broken out in the in-
+Uararaation.
+
+21 But if the' priest see it, and, behold,
+there be no white hair therein, and if it be
+not lower than the skin, and it be pale:
+then shall the priest shut him up seven daj's.
+
+22 And if it now spread abroad in the
+skin, then shall the priest pronounce him un-
+clean : it is the plague (of lej^rosj) .
+
+23 But if the bright spot remain in its
+place, and spread not, it is a scar of the in-
+tlammation; and the priest shall pronounce
+him clean.*
+
+24 ][ Or if there be a person in whose skin
+there is a p.lace burnt by tire, and the mark
+of the burning become a bright spot, white
+and dark I'ed, or white ;
+
+25 And if the priest see it, and, behold,
+the hair in the bright spot have been turned
+white, and its appearance be deeper than the
+skin : it is leprosy, broken out in the fire-
+wound; and the priest shall pronounce him
+unclean, it is the plague of leprosy.
+
+26 But if the priest see it, and, behold,
+there be in the bright spot no white hair,
+and it be not lower than the skin, and it be
+pale : then shall the priest shut him up seven
+days.
+
+27 And the priest shall see him on the
+seventh day ; if now it have spread al^road in
+the skin, then shall the priest pronounce him
+unclean : it is the plague of leprosy.
+
+28 And if the bright spot remain in its
+place, (and) it have not spread abroad in the
+skin, and it be pale: it is a swelling of the
+fire-wound; and the priest shall pronounce
+him clean ; for it is a scar of the fire-wound.*
+
+29 ^ And if there be a man or woman
+on whom there arise a plague, on the head or
+on the beard;
+
+30 Then shall the priest see the plague;
+and, behold, if its appearance Ije deeper than
+the skin, and there be in it a yellow thin
+hair: then shall the priest pronounce him
+unclean, it is a dry scall, it is the leprosy of
+the head or of the beard.
+
+31 And if the priest see the plague of the
+
+
+' The spreading of the disorder being a sign of unelean-
+ness, it is equally so whethor it happen during tlie time
+
+
+scall, and, behold, its appearance be not
+deeper than the skin, and there be no black
+hair in it: then shall the priest shut up the
+plague of the scall seven daj's.
+
+32 And the priest shall see the plague on
+the seventh day; and, behold, if the scall
+ha^•e not spread, and there be in it no yellow
+hair, and the appearance of the scall be not
+deeper than the skin :
+
+33 Then shall he be shaved, but the scall
+he shall not shave; and the priest shall shut
+up the scall seven days moi"e.
+
+34 And the priest shall see the scall on the
+seventh day; and, behold, if the scall hiwa
+not spread in the skin, and its appearance l)e
+not deeper than the skin: then shall the
+priest pronounce him clean, and he shall wash
+his clothes, and be clean.
+
+35 But if the scall should spread'^ aljroad
+in the skin after his being pronounced clean :
+
+36 Then shall the priest see him; and, be-
+hold, if the scall have spread in the skin, the
+priest shall not seek for the yellow hair; he
+is unclean.
+
+37 But if the scall have remained sta-
+tionary in its colour, and black hair have
+grown up therein : the scall is then healed, he
+is clean ; and the priest shall pronounce him
+clean.
+
+38 ^ And if there ha a man or a woman
+having in the skin of their flesh bright spots,
+white bright spots;
+
+39 And if the priest do see, and, behold.
+there are in the skin of their flesh bright
+spots, pale and white : it is a freckl}' eruption
+grown in the skin; he is clean.*
+
+40 ]| And if there be a man whose hair of
+the head fall off, he is a bald head; he is
+clean.
+
+41 And if from the side of his fiice his hair
+fall off, he is forehead-bald ; he is clean.
+
+42 But if there be on the liald head, or the
+bald forehead, an eruption, white and dark
+red: it is the leprosy sprung up on his bald
+head, or his bald forehead.
+
+43 And the priest shall see him; and, be-
+hold, if the swelling of the eruption be white
+and dark red on his bald head, or on his bald
+forehead, like the appearance of the leprosy
+on the (other parts of the) skin of the flesh :
+
+44 He is a leprous man, he is unclean;
+
+
+that the leper is shut up, and before the decision of the
+priest, or after he has pronounced him clean.
+
+l:J3
+
+
+LEVITICU8 XIII. XIV. xMETZORANG.
+
+
+the priest shall pronounce him unclean; his
+plague is on his head.
+
+45 And the lejier on whom the plague is,
+his clothes shall be rent, and his head shall
+be bare," and he shall cover himself up to his
+upper lip, and, Unclean, unclean, shall he
+call out.
+
+46 All the days whereon the plague which
+rendereth unclean is on him, he shall be un-
+clean; alone shall he dwell; without the
+camp shall his habitation be.
+
+47 Tj And if there be a garment on which
+there arise a plague of leprosy, whether it
+be on a woollen garment, or on a linen gar-
+ment;
+
+48 Whether it be on the warp,'' or on the
+woof; of linen, or of woollen; whether on a
+skin, or on any tiling made of skin ;
+
+49 And the plague be dark green or dark
+red, on the garment, or on the skin, or on
+the warp, or on the woof, or on any article
+made of skin : it is the plague of leprosy ; and
+it shall be shown unto the priest.
+
+50 And the priest shall see the plague, and
+shut up the plague seven days.
+
+51 And if he see the plague on the seventh
+day, that the plague have spread in the gar-
+ment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or
+in the skin, or in any article that is made of
+skin: the plague is a corroding" leprosy; it is
+unclean.
+
+52 And he shall then burn that garment,
+whether warp or woof, in woollen or in linen,
+or any article of skin, whereon the plague is;
+for it is a corroding leprosy, in fire shall it be
+burnt.
+
+53 And if the priest shall see, and, behold,
+the plague have not spread on the garment,
+either on the warp, or on the woof, or on any
+article of skin :
+
+54 Then shall the priest command that
+they wash the thing whereon the plague is,
+and lie shall shut it up seven days niore.^-'
+
+55 And if the priest see, after the plague
+
+
+' " He shall let his hair grow long." — Kashi. And
+after this manner y\2 has been rendered above, x. 6;
+perhaps this word includes both ideas.
+
+'' Philippson renders "plain woven or twilled stuif of
+linen or wool."
+
+° In verse 49 the words "it is the plague of leprosy"
+are used, without its being thereby decided whether
+the garment, kc, be unclean or not, which is not the
+case with human beings who are unclean, when the
+leprosy is evident. Garments, however, need to be
+affected with a leprosy niXOO or nnna "currosiou" or
+
+
+hath been washed, and, behold, the plague
+have not changed its colour, and the plague
+have not spread: it is unclean, in fire shalt
+thou burn it; it is a decay on its inside or on
+its outside.
+
+56 And if the priest see, and, behold, the
+plague have become pale after its having been
+washed : then shall he tear it out from the
+garment, or from the skin, or from the warp,
+or from the woof."'
+
+57 And if it appear again on the garment,
+either on the warp, or on the w^oof, or on any
+instrument of skin: it is a growing plague;
+with fire shalt thou burn that whereon the
+plague is.
+
+58 And the garment, either the warp or
+the woof, or every instrument of skin, which
+thou shaLt wash, and the plague depart there-
+from, shall be washed the second time, when
+it shall be clean.
+
+59 This is the law of the plague of leprosy
+on a garment of woollen or of linen, either in
+the warp, or the woof, or any article of skin,
+to pronounce it clean, or unclean.
+
+Haphtorah in 2 Kings iv. 42 to v. 19.
+
+
+SECTION XXVIII. METZORANG,ni'0.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+111 O"
+
+2 This shall be the law of the leper on the
+day of his being cleansed : He shall be brought
+unto the priest.
+
+3 And the priest shall go forth'' to with-
+out the camp; and if the priest see, and, be-
+hold, the plague of leprosy be healed on the
+lejier :
+
+4 Then shall the priest command to take
+for him that is to be cleansed two healthy,
+clean birds," and cedar wood, and a string of
+scarlet yarn, and hyssop.
+
+5 And the j^riest shall command that one
+
+decay," before they can be pronounced unclean. — After
+Arniikim.
+
+^ 'J'hc bringing before the priest, in the preceding verse,
+is explained in this, that he is to go out of the camp to
+tlie dwelling of the leper, to satisfy himself whether or not
+the leper can return unto the camp after the next pre-
+scribcil ccri'inonics have been performed.
+
+" Glean birds, means those which are permitted to be
+eaten, consequently none of the prohibited kinds could be
+taken, nvn is rendered here, " healthy," but not "living,"
+ill :iecordance with traditiuii. (^See also Exodus i. 19.)
+
+
+LEVITICltS XIV. METZOEANG.
+
+
+of the birds be killed in an earthen vessel
+over running water.
+
+G As for the living l)ird. he shall take it,
+and the cedar wood, and the string of scarlet
+yarn, and the hyssop, and he shall dip these
+and the living bird into the blood of the bird
+that was killed over the rinming water:
+
+7 And he shall sprinkle upon him that is
+to be cleansed from the lepro.^^ seven times;
+and when he hath cleansed him, he shall let
+the living bird tly forth into the open field.
+
+8 And he that is to l)e cleanse<l shall wash
+his clothes, and shave oft" all his hair, and
+wash himself in water, and he shall be clean,
+and after that he may come into the camp;
+but he shall tarry outside of his tent seven days.
+
+9 And it shall be on the seventh day, that
+he shall shave oft" all his hair, his head, and
+his beard, and his eyebrows, even all his hair
+shall he shave oft': and he shall wash his
+clothes, he shall also wash his flesh" in watex',
+when he shall be clean.
+
+10 And on the eighth da}* he shall take
+two sheep without blemish, and one ewe of
+the first jear without blemish, and three-
+tenth parts of fine flour for a meat-oftering,
+mins'led with oil, and one loo; of oil.
+
+11 And the priest who cleanseth shall
+cause the man that is to be made clean, and
+these things, to stand before the Lord, at the
+door of the tabernacle of the congregation :
+
+12 And the priest shall take the one sheep,
+and offer the same for a trespass-oft'ering, with
+tile log of oil ; and he shall make with them
+a waving before the Lord.'-'
+
+13 And he shall slay the sheep on the
+place where the sin-oftering and the burnt^
+offering are killed, in the holy place; for as
+the sin-offering'' so doth the trespass-offering
+belong to the priest : it is most holy.
+
+14 And the priest shall take some of the
+blood of the trespass-offering; and the priest
+shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of
+him that is to be cleansed, and updn the
+thumb of his right hand, and upon the great
+toe of his right foot.
+
+15 And the priest shall take some of the
+log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his
+omi left hand.
+
+* This phrase, used here and elsewhere, means simply
+" to bathe the whole body at once."
+
+" This is explained thus : As the blood of the sin-offer-
+ing must be sprinkled, and the fat thereof be burnt upon
+
+
+16 And the priest shall dip his finger of
+the right hand in the oil that is in his left
+hand, and he shall sprinkle of the oil with his
+finger seven times before the Lokd.
+
+17 And of the rest of the oil that is in his
+hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the
+right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and
+upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon
+the great toe of his right foot,. upon the blood
+of the trespass-oft'ering.
+
+18 And what is left of the oil that is in the
+priest's hand, he shall put upon the head of
+him that is to be cleansed: and the priest
+shall (thus) make an atonement for him be-
+fore the Lord.
+
+19 And the jiriest shall prepare the sin-
+offering, and make an atonement for him that
+is to lie cleansed from his uncleanness; and
+afterward shall he kill the burnt-olTering:
+
+20 And the priest shall oft'er the burnt-
+oft'ering and the meat-offering upon the altai-;
+and the priest shall (thus) make an atonement
+for him, and he shall be clean.*
+
+21 ^ But if he be poor, and his means do
+not suffice, then shall he take one sheep for a
+trespass-oflfering to be waved, to make an
+atonement for him ; and one-tenth part of fine
+flour mingled with oil for a meat-offering, and
+a log of oil ;
+
+22 And two turtle-doves, or two young
+pigeons, for which his means suffice; and one
+shall be a sin-off'ering, and the other a burnt-
+offering.
+
+23 And he shall bring them on the eighth
+day of his being cleansed unto the priest, unto
+the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,
+before the Lord.
+
+24 And the priest shall take the sheep of
+the trespass-off'ering, and the log of oil; and
+the priest shall make with them a waving be-
+fore the Lord.
+
+25 And he shall kill the sheep of the tres-
+pass-offering; and the priest shall take some
+of the blood of the trespass-off'ering, and put it
+upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to
+be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right
+hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot.
+
+26 And some of the oil shall the priest
+pour into the palm of his own left hand :
+
+
+the altar, before the priest can eat of it, so is it with the
+present trespass-offering ; although in this place it is
+merely ordered that the blood be put upon the man that
+is to be cleansed.
+
+136
+
+
+LEVITICUS XIV. METZOIIANG.
+
+
+27 And the priest shall sprinkle with his
+finger of the right hand some of the oil that
+is in his left hand, seven times before the
+Lord ;
+
+28 And the priest shall put of the oil that
+is in his hand upon the tip of the right ear of
+him that is to be cleansed, and ujion the
+thumb of his right hand, and upon the great
+toe of his right foot; upon the place" of the
+blood of the trespass-offering ;
+
+29 And what is left of the oil that is in the
+priest's hand he shall put upon the head of
+him that is to be cleansed, to make an atone-
+ment for him before the Lord.
+
+30 And he shall offer the one of the turtle-
+doves, or of the young pigeons, from what his
+means enable him (to bring) ;
+
+31 Even what his means enable him, the
+one for a sin-offering, and the other for a
+burnt-offering, with the meat-offering:'' and
+the priest shall (thus) make an atonement
+for him that is to be cleansed, before the Lord.
+
+32 This is the law of him on whom is the
+plague of leprosy, whose means are not suffi-
+cient when he is cleansed.*
+
+33 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, saying,
+
+34 When ye come into the land of Canaan,
+which I give to you for a possession, and I
+put the plague of leprosy on a house of the
+land of your possession :
+
+35 Then shall he that owneth the house
+come and tell the priest, saying. Something''
+like a leprosy hath shown itself to me in the
+house.
+
+36 And the priest shall command that
+they clear out the house, before the priest go
+into it to see the plague, that all be not made
+vmclean that is in the house : and after this
+shall the priest go in to see the house.
+
+37 And he shall view the plague, and,
+behold, if the plague be in the walls of the
+house, in depressions, dark green or dark red,
+and their appearance be deeper than the wall :
+
+" That is, upon the spot where the blood of the sacrifice
+nas been put, there shall the oil also be applied, though in
+the nuMii time the blood may have been removed therefrom.
+
+'' The offering (jf flour which accompanied the trespass-
+sacrifice, but not a special gift; this meat-offering \yas not
+eaten, and but burnt on the altar.
+
+° " Even if he be a man learned in the law, and knows
+it to be leprosy, he is not to pronounce absolutely ' A
+plague has shown itself/ but 'something like a plague ' "
+— Kasiu.
+136
+
+
+38 Then shall the priest go out of tne
+house to the door of the house, and lock up
+the house seven days.
+
+39 And the priest shall come again on the
+seventh day ; and if he see, that, behold, the
+plague have spread in the walls of the house :
+
+40 Then shall the priest command thai
+they break out the stones on which the plague
+is; and they shall cast them forth without the
+city on an unclean place.
+
+41 And the house he shall cause to Ijc
+scraped within round about; and they shall
+pour out the rubbish* that they have scraped
+off without the city on an unclean place;
+
+42 And they shall take other stones, and
+put them into the place of these stones; and
+other mortar shall he take, and shall plaster
+the house.
+
+43 And if the plague come again, and
+break out in the house, after he hath
+taken away the stones, and after the house
+hath been scraped, and after it hath been
+plastered :
+
+44 Then shall the priest come; and if he
+see that, behold, the plague have spread in
+the house, it is a corrosive leprosy in the
+house; it is unclean.
+
+45 And he shall break down the house, its
+stones, and the timbers thereof, and all the
+mortar of the house; and he shall carry them
+forth to Avithout the city, unto an unclean
+place.
+
+46 And he that goeth into the house, all
+the days that it is locked up, shall he unclean
+until the evening.
+
+47 And he that lieth in the house shall
+wash his clothes; and he that eateth in the
+house shall wash his clothes.
+
+48 But if the px'iest should come in, and
+see, and, behold, the plague have not spread
+in the hou.se, alter the house was plastered:
+then shall the priest pronounce the house
+clean, because the plague is healed.
+
+49 And he shall take, to atone" for the
+
+
+■* 13;> otherwise "dust," is rendered here, according to
+Arnheim, with "rubbish," or the "old mortar;" and in
+the next verse it is given with " mortar."
+
+° Tlie word NonS in the Fiel form, means, to remove
+ilNOn or "sin," therefore, "to remove the sin of the
+house," or simply " to atone for the house;" in this sense
+it is the same with -\33h " to make an atonement," where-
+fore both words have been given here with the same Eng-
+lish term, 'i'he leprosy of a house was considered as a
+piinislimenl for the owner; hence the atonement.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XIV. XV. METZORANG.
+
+
+house, two birds, and cedav wood, and a string
+of scarlet yarn, and h_yssop ;
+
+50 And ho shall kill the one liird in an
+earthen vessel over running water ;
+
+51 And he shall take the cedar wood, and
+the hyssop, and the scarlet yarn, and the
+living bird, and dip them in the blood of the
+slain bird, and. in the running water, and
+sprinkle on the house seven times:
+
+52 And he shall atone for the house with
+the blood of the bird, and vnth the running
+water, and with the living liird, and with the
+cedar wood, and witli the hyssop, and witli
+the string of scarlet yarn ;
+
+53 But he shall let tly forth the living bird
+out of the city into the open field, and make
+(thus) an atonement for the house, and it
+shall be clean.*
+
+54 This is the law for all manner of plague
+of leprosy, and scall,
+
+55 And for the leprosy of a garment and
+of a house,
+
+56 And for a swelling, and for a rising, and
+for a bright spot;
+
+57 To teach on the day when something
+is unclean, and on the day when it is clean :
+this is the law of the leprosy.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+to Aaron, saying,
+
+2 Speak unto the cliildren of Israel, and
+say unto them. When any man have a run-
+ning issue out of his flesh : because of his issue
+is he unclean.
+
+3 And this shall be his uncleanness in his
+issue : whether his flesh run with his issue, or
+his flesh be stopped from his issue, it is his
+uncleanness.
+
+4 Every bed, whereon he may lie that
+hath the issue, shall bo unclean : and every
+vessel, whereon he may sit, shall be unclean.
+
+5 And any man that toucheth his bed shall
+wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water,
+and be unclean until the evening.
+
+6 And he that sitteth on any vessel where-
+on he that hath the issue may sit, shall wash
+his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and
+be unclean until the evening.
+
+7 And ho that toucheth the flesh of him
+that hath the issue shall wash his clothes,
+and bathe himself in water, and be unclean
+until the evenins.
+
+<S And if he that hath the issue spit upon
+
+
+him that is clean : then shall this one wasli
+his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and
+be unclean luitil the evening.
+
+9 And what saddle soever he that hath
+the issue may ride upon shall be unclean.
+
+10 And whosoever toucheth any thing,
+that may be under him, shall be unclean un-
+til the evening : and he that beareth any of
+these things shall wash his clothes, and l)athe
+himself in water, and be unclean until the
+evening.
+
+11 And whomsoever he that hath the issue
+may touch, and he have not rinsed his hands"
+in water, shall wash his clothes, and bathe
+himself in water, and be unclean until the
+evening.
+
+12 And an earthen vessel that he who liath
+the issue may touch, shall be broken; and
+every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water.
+
+13 And when he that hath an issue be-
+cometh clean of his issue : then shall he num-
+ber to himself seven days for his cleansing,
+and wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh iu
+running water, and then shall he be clean.
+
+14 And on the eighth day shall he take
+unto himself two turtle-doves, or two young
+pigeons, and come before the Lord, unto the
+door of the tabernacle of the congregation,
+and give them unto the priest :
+
+15 And the priest shall offer them, the one
+for a sin-offering, and the other for a burnt-
+ofiering ; and the priest shall make an atone-
+ment for him before the Lord for his issue. '^
+
+16 1j And if any man's seed of copulation
+go out from him, then shall he bathe all his
+flesh in Avater, and be unclean until the
+evening.
+
+17 And any gamient, and any skin, where-
+on the seed of copulation may be, shall be
+washed with water, and be unclean until the
+evening.
+
+18 And if a man should lie with a woman
+with seed of copulation, then shall they bathe
+themselves in water, and be unclean until the
+evening.
+
+19 ^[ And if a woman have an issue, so
+that Islood flow from her flesh : then shall she
+be in her state of separation seven days; and
+whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean until
+the evening.
+
+20 And every thing that she may lie upon
+
+
+" This is explained to mean that he hath liot bathed
+hiuiwlf after the termination of the disease.
+
+137
+
+
+LEVITICUS XV. XVI. ACHARAY MOTH.
+
+
+in her .separation .shall Ix' nnclean : and what-
+ever she may sit upon shall be unclean.
+
+21 Anil whosoever touclieth her bed shall
+wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water,
+and be unclean until the evening.
+
+22 And whosoever toucheth any vessel,
+that she may sit upon, shall wash his clothes,
+and bathe himself in water, and be unclean
+until the evenino;.
+
+23 And if something be on the bed, or on
+any thing whereon she may sit, when he
+toucheth it, he shall be imclean until the
+evening.
+
+24 And if any man should lie with her,
+and the uncleanness of her separation come
+U2X)U him, he shall be unclean seven days;
+and every l)ed whereon he may lie shall be
+unclean.
+
+25 ^ And if a woman have an issue of her
+blood many days out of the time of her sepa-
+ration, or if it run beyond the time of her
+separation : all the days of the issue of her un-
+cleanness shall she be as in the days of her
+separation ; she shall be unclean.
+
+26 Every bed whereon she may lie all the
+days of her issue shall be unto her as the bed
+of her separation ; and whatever vessel she
+may sit upon shall be unclean, as the un-
+cleanness of her separation.
+
+27 And whosoever toucheth these things
+shall be unclean ; and he shall wash his
+clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be
+unclean until the evening.
+
+28 And when she becometh clean of her
+issue, then shall she number to herself seven
+days, and after that shall she be clean.*
+
+29 And on the eighth day shall she take
+unto herself two turtle-doves, or two young
+pigeons, and bring them unto the priest, to
+the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+30 And the priest shall offer the one for a
+sin-offering, and the other for a burnt-offering;
+and the priest shall make an atonement" for
+her before the Lord for the issue of her un-
+cleanness.*
+
+31 And ye shall separate the children of
+Israel from their uncleanness ; that they may
+
+" As all lefirnsy and kindred uncleanness were consider-
+ed as a punishnient tor sin, the leper or other sufferer had
+to bring a proper sacrifice at. the period nf jiis purification,
+to obtain atonement for the guilt wiiicii had caused his
+visitation.
+
+*" Not with the usual eight ornanu'utal garments of his
+order, but in plain white attire should the priest enter the
+138
+
+
+not die in their uncleanness, when thej defile
+my tabernacle that is in their midst.
+
+32 This is the law of him that hath an
+issue, and of him whose seed goeth from him,
+and is defiled therewith ;
+
+33 And of her tliat is suflering in her sepa-
+ration, and of him that hath an issue, of the
+man, and of the woman, and of him that lieth
+with her that is unclean.
+
+Haphtorah in 2 Kings vii. 3 to 20.
+
+
+SECTION XXIX. ACHARAY MOTH,
+
+nn nnx.
+
+CHAPTER XVL
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses after
+the death of the two sons of Aaron, when
+they had come near before the Lord, and died :
+
+2 And the Lord said unto Moses, Speak
+unto Aaron thy l)rother, that he come not at
+all times into the holy place within the vail,
+before the mercy-seat, which is upon the ark,
+that he die not; for in the cloud will I appear
+upon the mercy-seat.
+
+3 With this shall Aaron come into the holy
+place : with a young bullock for a sin-oflering,
+and a ram for a burnt-offering.
+
+4 A holy linen'' coat shall he put on, and
+linen breeches shall he have upon his flesh,
+and with a linen girdle shall he gird himself,
+and a linen mitre shall he bind on his head;
+these are holy garments; therefore shall he
+wash his flesh in water, and then put them on.
+
+5 And from the congregation of the chil-
+dren of Israel shall he take two goats for a
+sin-oflfering, and one ram for a burnt-offering.
+
+6 And Aaron shall bring near the l)ullock
+of the sin-oflering, which is for himself, ;uid
+make an atonement for himself, and for his
+house.
+
+7 And he shall take the two goats, and
+place them before the Lord at the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+8 And Aaron shall put lots upon the two
+goats ; one lot " for the Lord," and the other
+lot "for'Azazel.""
+
+
+holy of holies; these articles are therefore pre-eminently
+called holy.
+
+° " Scapegoat," Eng. ver. ; but there is no reason for so
+giving it. The whole service of the day of atonement ac-
+cording to our tradition, is correctly de.><cribed in the
+' Aboihili of the Moossaph for Kippur, according to the cus-
+tom of the iSej)hardim, to which the reader is referred.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XVI. ACHARAY MOTIT.
+
+
+9 And Aaron shall Iji-ing near the goat
+upon which fell the lot "-lor the Lord," and
+offer him for a sin-offeriug.
+
+10 But the goat on which fell the lot "for
+'Azazel," shall he placed alive before the Lord,
+to make an atonement with him, by sending
+him away to 'Azazel into the wilderness.
+
+11 And Aaron shall bring near the bullock
+of the sin-offering, which is for himself, and
+he shall make" an atonement for himself, and
+for his house; and he shall kill the bullock
+of the sin-offering which is for himself
+
+12 And he shall take a censer fnll of burn-
+ing coals of fire from off the altar before the
+Lord, and both his hands full of incense of
+spices, ponnded fine, and bring it within the
+vail;
+
+13 And he shall put the incense upon the
+fire, before the Lord; that the cloud of the
+incense may envelop the mercy-seat that is
+upon the testimony, that he die not.
+
+14 And he shall take of the blood of the
+bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger above
+toward the mercy-seat,'' eastward; and before
+the mercy-seat shall he sprinkle seven times
+of the blood Avith his finger.
+
+15 And he shall kill the goat of the siii-
+ofiering, that is for the people, and bring his
+blood to within the vail, and do with that
+blood as he did with the blood of the bullock,
+and sprinkle it above the mercy-seat, and be-
+fore the mercy-seat.
+
+IG And he shall make an atonement for
+the holy place, because of the uncleanness" of
+the children of Israel, and because of their
+transgressions in all their sins : and so shall
+he do for the tabernacle of the congregation,
+that abideth among tliem in the midst of their
+uncleanness.
+
+17 And there shall not be any man in the
+tabernacle of the congregation when he goeth
+in to make an atonement in the holy place,
+until he come out: and so shall he make au
+atonement for himself, and for his household,
+and for the whole congregation of Israel.*
+
+18 And he shall then go out unto the altar
+that is before the Lord, and make an atone-
+
+* i. e. By making a confession. (See the 'Abodah.)
+"■ Meaning that the priest raised his hand in the direc-
+tion above the cover of the ark and sprinkled the blood in
+the air, which fell then down on the floor; and so with
+the other seven sprinklings, where he directed his finger
+downward. (See the 'Abodah.)
+
+' nx"3iD is in the plural, and means, ther'^^'ore, nets
+
+
+ment upon it; and he shall take of the lilond
+of the bullock, and of the blood of the goat.
+and put it upon the horns of the altar round
+about.
+
+lU And he shall sprinkle upon it of the
+blood with his finger seven times; and he
+shall cleanse it, and hallow it from the un-
+cleanness of the children of Israel.
+
+20 And when he hath made an end of
+atoning for the holy place, and the tabernacle
+of the congregation, and the altar: then sliall
+he bring near the live goat.
+
+21 And Aaron shall lay both his hands
+upon the head of the live goat, and confess
+over him all the iniquities of the children of
+Israel, and all their transgressions in all their
+sins, putting them upon the head of the goat,
+and he shall send him away by the hand of a
+man appointed thereto into the wilderness :
+
+22 And the goat shall bear upon him all
+their iniquities unto a land not inhabited;
+and so shiill he send away the goat into the
+wilderness.
+
+23 And Aaron shall then go into the taber-
+nacle of the congregation, and he shall take off
+the linen garments, which he had put on
+when he went into the holy place, and he
+shall leave them there :
+
+24 And he shall bathe his flesh with water
+in a holy place, and put on his garments;''
+and come then forth, and ofler his burnt-
+offering, and the burnt-offering of the people,
+and make an atonement for himself, and for
+the people.*
+
+25 And the fiit of the sin-offering shall
+he burn upon the altar.
+
+2C And he that carrieth the goat to 'Azazel
+shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in
+water, and afterward he may come into the
+camp.
+
+27 And the bullock for the sin-oftering,
+and the goat for the sin-offering, the blood of
+which was brought in to make atonement in
+the holy place, shall one carry forth withoitt
+the camp; and they" shall burn in fire their
+skins, and their flesh, and tlieir dung.
+
+28* And he that burneth them shall wash
+
+
+which cause uncleanness. So also in the end of this
+verse, and in verse 19.
+
+■* The usual ornamental garments of the high-prie.st, in
+which he officiated.
+
+" Both N'sr and i-j-iiyi are indefinite in their meaning;
+"one" whoever he be that shall carry forth; and "they"
+whoever may be those who do the burning.
+
+139
+
+
+LEVITICUS XVI. XVII. ACHARAY MOTH.
+
+
+liis clothes, and bathe liis Hesh in water, and
+afterward he may come into the camp.
+
+29 And it shall be unto _you a statute for
+ever: in the seventh montli, on the tenth of
+the month, ye shall afflict yourselves (by-
+fasting), and no work shall ye do, Avhether it
+be one of 3'our own country, or the stranger
+that soj( urneth among you ;
+
+30 For on that day shall (the high-priest)
+make an atonement lor you, to cleanse you;
+from all your sins before the Lord shall ye be
+clean.
+
+31 It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you,
+and ye shall afliict yourselves (by festing), as
+a statute for ever.
+
+32 And the priest, who shall be anointed,
+and who shall be consecrated" to minister as
+priest in his father's stead, shall make tlie
+atonement; and he shall put on the linen
+clothes, the holy garments.
+
+33 And he shall make an atonement for
+the holy of holies; and for the tabernacle of
+the congregation, and for the altar shall he
+make an atonement; and also for the priests,
+and for all the people of the congregation
+shall he make an atonement.
+
+34 And this shall be unto you as a statute
+for everlasting, to make an atonement for the
+children of Israel for all their sms once a
+year: and he did as the Lord had commanded
+Moses.'''
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Speak unto Aaron, and unto his sons,
+and unto all the children of Israel, and say
+luito them, This is the thing which the Lord
+hath commanded, saying,
+
+3 Any man whatsoever of tlie house of
+Israel, that killeth an ox, or a sheep, or a
+goat, in the camj), or that killeth it out of the
+camp,
+
+4 And bringeth it not to the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation, to offer it as
+an offering unto the Lord before the taber-
+
+° This means, that whether the high-priest was anointed,
+as (luring tiic first temple, or was inducted into office by in-
+vestiture with the high-priestly garments, as in the second,
+lie should officiate in the place of Aaron.
+
+^ No doubt tliat, while in Wgypt, the Israelites had
+learned to sacrifice to idols; they were therefore com-
+manded, during their sojourn in the wilderness, to bring
+all sacrificial animals to the door of the tabernacle, to offer
+HO
+
+
+nacle of the Lord: as blood-guiltiness shall it
+be imputed unto that man, l)]ood hath he
+shed; and that man shall lie cut (iff from
+among his people.
+
+5 In order that the children of Israel nuiy
+bring their sacrifices, which they sla_y in the
+open field, and bring them unto the Lord, to
+the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,
+unto the priest, and slay them as sacrifices
+of peace-offerings unto the Lord.
+
+6 And the jii'iest shall sprinkle the blood
+ujion the altar of the Lord at the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation; and he shall
+burn the fat for a sweet savour unto the
+Lord.
+
+7 So that they shall offer no more'' their
+sacrifices unto evil spirits, after which they
+have gone astray: a statute for ever sliall this
+be unto them throughout their generations.*
+
+8 And unto them shalt thou say. Whatso-
+ever man there be of the house of Israel, or
+of the strangers who may sojourn among
+them, that ofiereth a burnt-offering or a sacri-
+fice,
+
+9 And bringeth it not unto the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation, to offer it unto
+the Lord: even that man shall be cut off
+from among his people.
+
+10 And if there be any man of the house
+of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn
+among them, that eateth any manner of
+blood : I will set my face against the person
+that eateth the blood, and I will cut him off
+from among his people.
+
+11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood;
+and I have appointed it for you ujjon the
+altar to make an atonement for your souls;
+for the blood it is that maketh an atonement
+for the soul."
+
+12 Therefore have I said unto the children
+of Israel, No one of you sliall eat 1)1 ood, and
+the stranger tliat sojourneth among you shall
+not eat blood.
+
+13 And if there be any man whatsoever
+of the children of Israel, or of the strangers
+that sojourn among them, who catcheth by
+
+them to the Lord as peace-oflFerings, before being per-
+mitted to eat the flesh. □•Ti'B' "goat-demons," no doubt
+imaginary idols, like the satyrs of the Greeks.
+
+° Amheim renders, "For the blood itself maketh atone-
+ment through the life," and comments, L e. "through
+the life that is in the .same; for the atonement is upon the
+principle 'life for life;' in the blood itself, therefore, is
+only the principle of life, not the essence of atonement."
+
+
+LEVITICUS XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+ACHARAY MOTH.
+
+
+Iiunting any beast or fowl that may be eaten :
+then sliall he pour" out the Ijlood thereof, and
+cover it up with dust.
+
+14 For the life of all flesh is its blood, on
+which its life- dependeth; therefore luive I
+said unto the children of Israel, The blood of
+every manner of tlesh shall ye not eat; for
+the life of all llesh is its blood, every one who
+eateth it shall be cut oft".
+
+15 And every person that eateth that
+which hath died of itself, or that which was
+torn b}^ beasts, be this one born in your own
+country, or a stranger, shall botli wash his
+clothes, and bathe himself in water, and l^e
+unclean until the evening, when he shall be
+clean.
+
+16 But if he wash (them) not, nor bathe
+his flesh, then shall he bear his iniquity.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them, I am the Lord jour God.
+
+o After the doings of the land of Egypt,
+wlierein ye have dwelt, shall ye not do; and
+after the doings of the land of Canaan whither
+I am l)ringing you, shall ye not do; and in
+tlieir customs shall ye not walk.
+
+4 My ordinances shall ye do. and my
+statutes shall ye keep, to walk therein : I
+am the Lord your God.
+
+5 And ye shall keep my statutes, and my
+ordinances, which if a man do, he shall live
+in them : I am the Lord.'^'
+
+G ^ None of you shall approach to any
+that are near of kin to him, to uncover their
+nakedness: I am the Lord.
+
+7 ^ The nakedness of thy father, or the
+nakedness of thy mother, shalt thou not un-
+cover: she is thy mother, thou shalt not un-
+cover her nakedness.
+
+8 ][ The nakedness of thy father's wife
+shalt thou not uncover: it is tliy father's
+nakedness.
+
+9 ^ The nakedness of th}' sister, the
+daughter of thy father, or tlie daughter of
+thy mother, whether she l)e born at home, or
+
+
+* i. e. By cutting the throat.
+
+" Arnhuiin gives ny£3j3 with "its body;" thus, "is the
+blood in its body." The version in the text is after Rashi.
+
+° "nxS is rendered by Mendelssohn " to e.xcite jealousy."
+The eviileiit eoustructiou of this verse, aceordinjr to which
+
+
+born aliroad, — even the nakedness of any of
+these, shalt thou not uncover.
+
+10 ^ The nakedness of thy son's daughter,
+or of thy daughter's daughter, — even the
+nakedness of an}' of these, shalt thou not un-
+cover; for theirs is thy own nakedness.
+
+11 T[ The nakedness of thy father's wife's
+daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy
+sistei", — thou shalt not uncover her naked-
+ness.
+
+12 ^ The nakedness of thy father's sister
+shalt thou not uncover: she is thy father's
+near kinswonuin.
+
+1.3 ][ The nakedness of thy mother's sister
+shalt thou not uncover; for she is thy mother's
+near kinswoman.
+
+14 *[] The nakedness of thy father's brother
+shalt thou not uncover: his wife shalt thou
+not approach, she is thy aunt.
+
+lo ^ The nakedness of thy daughter-in-
+law shalt thou not uncover: she is thy son's
+wife, thou shalt not uncover her mdvcdness.
+
+16 ^[ The nakedness of thy brother's Avife
+shalt thou not uncover: it is thy brother's
+nakedness.
+
+17 ^ The nakedness of a Avoman and her
+daughter shalt thou not uncover: her sou's
+daughter, or her daughter's daughter shalt
+thou not take, to uncover her nakedness; lor
+they are near kinswomen ; it is incest.
+
+18 And a woman together with her sister
+shalt thou not take, to vex her,'" to uncover
+her nakedness, beside the other, in her life-
+time.
+
+19 And a woman in the separation of her
+uncleanness shalt thou not approach, to un-
+cover her nakedness.
+
+20 And with thy neighl)our's wife shalt
+thou not lie carnally, to defile thyself with
+her.
+
+21 And any of thy seed shalt thou not let
+pass through (the fire) to Molech, and thou
+shalt not proftme the name of thy God : I am
+the Lord.'-=
+
+22 And with a man shalt thou not lie, as
+with a woman: it is an abomination.
+
+23 And with any beast shalt thou not lie
+to defile thyself therewitli; neither shall any
+
+
+Jewish authorities have always decided, is that only dur-
+ing the lifetime of the one is it pmhibited to marry the
+other sister, even if a divorce should have taken place;
+but for this reason the prohibition also ceases when the
+cause given no longer operates.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XVIII. XIX. KEDOSHIM.
+
+
+woman stand before a beast to lie down
+thereto: it is confusion.
+
+24 Do not defile yourselves through any of
+these things; for through all these have be-
+come defiled the nations which I cast out
+before you :
+
+25 And the land became defiled; where-
+fore I have visited its iniquity upon it,
+and the land itself vomited out its inhabits
+ants.*
+
+26 Ye shall therefore keejo my statutes
+and my ordinances, and ye shall not com-
+mit any of these abominations; neither any
+of your own nation, nor the stranger that
+sojoui'neth among you;
+
+27 (For all these abominations have the
+men of the land done, who were before you,
+and the land hath become defiled;)*
+
+28 That the land may not vomit you out
+also, when ye defile it, as it hath vomited out
+the nations that were before you.
+
+29 For whosoever shall conimit any of
+these abominations, — even the souls that com-
+mit them shall be cut off from among their
+people.
+
+oO Therefore shall ye keep my charge, so
+that ye commit not any one of these abomi-
+nable customs, which were committed before
+you, and that ye do not defile yourselves
+therewith : I am the Lord your God.
+
+Haphtorah in Ezekiel xsii. 1 to 16. The Germans read to
+
+verse 18.
+
+
+SECTION XXX. KEDOSHIM, D'tinp.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 ][ And the Lohd spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Speak unto all the congregation of the
+children of Israel, and say unto them. Ye
+shall be holy; for I the Eternal your God
+am holy.
+
+3 Ye shall fear, every man, his mother
+and his father, and my sabbaths shall ye
+keep: I am the Lord your God.
+
+4 Ye shall not turn unto the idols, and
+molten gods shall ye not make to yourselves:
+I am the Lord your God.
+
+5 And if ye oft'er a sacrifice of peace-ofler-
+
+' Sec above, vii. 18.
+
+'' This i.s the version aceording to our authorities; sec also
+ahovc v. 21, where the difl'erent specifications are given.
+142
+
+
+ing unto the Lord, ye shall offer it so that it
+may be favourably received from ^ou.
+
+6 On the same day }e offer it shall it be
+eaten, and on the morrow : and whatever is left
+until the third day, shall be burnt with fire.
+
+7 And if the intention was that it should"
+be eaten on the tliird day, it is an abominar
+tion, it shall not be favourably received.
+
+8 And whoever eateth it shall bear his
+iniquity ; because he hath profaned the hal-
+lowed thing of the Lord: and that soul shall
+be cut off' I'rom among his peojile.
+
+9 And when ye reap the harvest of your
+land, thou slialt not ^\•holly reap the corners
+of thy field, neither slialt thou gather up
+the gleanings of thy harvest.
+
+10 And thou slialt not glean thy vineyard,
+and the single grapes that drop in thy vine-
+yard shalt thou not gather up ; for the poor
+and the stranger shalt thou leave them : I am
+the Lord your God.
+
+11 Ye shall not steal; neither shall ye
+deny*" (another's jDroperty in 3'our hands), nor
+lie one to another.
+
+12 And ye shall not swear by my name
+falsely, and thou shalt not thus profane the
+name of thy God : I am the Lord.
+
+10 Thou shalt not v.'ithhold any thing from
+thy neighbour, nor rob him : there shall not
+abide with thee the wages of him that is hired,
+through the night until morning.
+
+14 Thou shalt not curse the deaf nor put
+a stumbling-block before the blind; but thou
+shalt be afraid of thy God : I am the Lord.'''
+
+15 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judg-
+ment; thou shalt not respect'' the person of
+the poor, nor honour the person of the great;
+in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neigh-
+bour.
+
+16 Thou shalt not go up and tlown as a
+talebearer among thy people; thou shalt not
+stand (idly) by the blood' of thy neighbour:
+I am the Lord.
+
+17 Thou shalt not hate thy l)ro11ier in thy
+heart: thou shalt indeed rebuke thy neigh-
+bour, and not bear sin on account of liim.
+
+18 Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any
+grudge against the children of thy people;
+but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself:
+I am the Lord.
+
+
+° i. e. Not to favour the poor, nor to dread ofitiuliug
+the great, but to act according to strict justice.
+
+
+, e. Danger of HIV
+
+
+LEVITICUS XIX. XX. KEDOSHIM.
+
+
+19 My (Statutes shall ye keep; thy cattle
+shalt tliou not let gender with a diverse kind;
+thy held shalt thou not sow with mingled
+seeds; and a garment of mingled kinds, of
+linen and woollen, shall not come upon thee.
+
+20 And if a man lie carnally with a
+woman, that is a bond-maid, betrothed to a
+man. but who hath neither been redeemed,
+nor hath her freedom been given her: there
+shall a scourging be decreed;" they shall not
+be put to death, because she Avas not tree.
+
+21 And he shall bring his trespass-offering
+unto the Lord, unto the door of the tabernacle
+of the congregation: a ram for a trespass-
+offering.
+
+22 And the priest shall make an atonement
+lor him with the ram of the trespass-offering
+before the Lord for his sin which he hath
+done ; and he shall Ix' Ibi'given for his sin
+which he hath committed.*
+
+23 ^ And when ye come into the land,
+and plant any kind of tree bearing edible
+fruit, then shall ye count the fruit thereof
+as uncircumcised : three years shall it be
+as uncircumcised unto you, it shall not be
+eaten.
+
+24 But in the fourth year shall all its fruit
+be holy for praisegiving'' unto the Lord.
+
+25 And in the lifth year shall ye eat of its
+fruit, in order that it may increase" unto you
+its productiveness: I am the Lord your God.
+
+26 Ye shall not eat upon the blood ;'' nor
+shall ye use enchantment, nor observe times.
+
+27 Ye shall not cut round the corners (of
+the hair) of your head, neither shalt thou de-
+stroy the corners of thy beard.
+
+28 And for the dead shall ye not make any
+incision in your Hesh; and any etched-in
+writing shall you not fix on yourselves: I am
+the Lord.
+
+29 Do not profane thy daughter, to cause
+her to be a prostitute; lest the land fall to
+
+' "She shall be scourged, uot he." — Rashi.
+
+'' The fruit of the fourth year was to be eaten at Jeru-
+salem, as a holy thing belonging to the owner.
+
+•= After Rashi. Philippson renders it, "That after
+this it may give you eimstantly more fruit," and com-
+ments, that after the fcnirth year, as the tree becomes
+naturally more productive, the fruit should belong un-
+disturbed to the owner.
+
+■^ This is variously explained : for instance, uot to eat
+of the sacrifices till the blood be sprinkled; not to eat of
+any animal till life be entirely extinct by the running
+out of all the blood. Mendelssohn and others translate
+"near" or "by the blood." Rut Rashbam and Wesstdi
+
+
+prostitution, and the land become full of in-
+cest.
+
+30 My sabbaths shall ye keep, and my
+sanctuary shall ye reverence: I am the Lord.
+
+31 Turn not unto them that liaAC familiar
+spirits, and unto wizards; seek (them) not, to
+be defiled Ijy them: I am the Lord your Cod.
+
+32 Before the hoary head shalt thou rise
+up, and honour the face of the old man ; and
+thou shalt be afraid of thy God: I am the
+
+LORD.'^'
+
+33 ^ And if a stranger sojourn with thee,
+in your land, ye shall not vex him.
+
+34 As one born in the land among }t)U,
+shall be unto you the stranger that sojourueth
+with you, and thou shalt love him as thyself;
+for ye were strangers in the laud of Egypt : I
+am the Lord your God.
+
+35 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judg-
+ment, in metejard, in weight, or in measure.
+
+36 Just balances, just weights, a just ephah,
+and a just hin, shall 3'e have: I am the Lord
+your God, who have brought you Ibrth out
+of the land of Egypt.
+
+37 Ye shall tlierefore observe all my sta-
+tutes, and all my ordinances, and do them :
+I am the Lord.'-'
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+2 And to the children of Israel shalt thou
+say. Whatsoever num of the children of Is-
+rael, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel,
+that giveth any of his seed unto Molech, shall
+surely be put to death; the people of the
+land" shall stone him with stones.
+
+3 And I will set my face against that man,
+and I will cut him off from among his people ;
+because of his seed hath he given unto Mo-
+lech, in order to defile my sanctuary,' and to
+profane my holy name.
+
+suppose that it was customary among heathens to eat
+upon the spot where the blood had run, from some super-
+stitious notions; hence the Israelites were prohibited
+to follow this practice; and it connects therefore also
+with what follows.
+
+" ]'ixn Dy rendered above, iv. 27, "common people,"
+includes all Israelites except the king, the higii-priest,
+and the great sanhedrin of .seventy-one. Rashi adds, " It
+the court be not able to enforce the decree, the people
+should aid them."
+
+' Whatever acts tend to withdraw the people from the
+worship of God, or to divert any thing to the service of
+idols, is a profanation of the divine Miijest}' who promised
+
+143
+
+
+LEVITICUS XX. KEDOSHIM.
+
+
+4 And if the people of the land should in
+any way hide their eyes from that man, when
+he giveth of his seed unto Molech, so as not
+to kill him :
+
+5 Then will I set my flice against that
+man, and against his family, and I will cut
+him off, and all that go astray after him, to
+go astray after Molech, from among their
+jjeople.
+
+6 And the person that turneth unto such
+as have familiar spirits, and unto wizards, to
+go astray after them, — then will I set my
+face against that person, and will cut him off
+from among his people.
+
+7 Sanctify j'ourseh-es therefore, and be ye
+holy; for I am the Lokd your God.*
+
+8 And ye shall keep my statutes, and do
+them : I am the Lord who sanctify you.
+
+9 For every one whatever that curseth his
+father or his mother shall be put to death :
+his father or his mother hath he cursed, his
+blood shall be upon him.
+
+10 And if there be a man that committeth
+adultery with a man's wife, (whoever it be)
+that committeth adultery with his neighljour's
+wife : then shall the adulterer be put to death,
+together with the adulteress.
+
+11 And a man that lieth with his father's
+wife, hath uncovered his father's nakedness :
+both of them shall be put to death ; their blood
+shall be upon them.
+
+12 And if a man lie with his daughter-in-
+law, both of them shall be put to death : they
+have committed an unnatural deed; their
+blood shall he upon them.
+
+lo And if a man lie with a male, as they
+lie with a woman, both of them have com-
+mitted an aljomination : they shall be put to
+death; their blood shall be upon them.
+
+14 And if a man take a woman and her
+mother, it is incest: in fire shall they burn
+him and them; that there be no incest among
+you.
+
+15 And a man that lieth with a beast
+shall be put to death : and the beast also shall
+ye slay.
+
+16 And if a woman approach unto any
+beast to lie down thereto, then shalt tliou
+kill the woman, and the beast: they shall be
+
+to dwell in Israel. If then a man (l(!V(ik's his offspriiig to
+the fire of Molrch, he profanes the ehiklren of the cove-
+nant, given to him by God, to an object abhorrent to the
+Deity, while at the same time his example, should he rc-
+144
+
+
+put to death ; their blood shall be put upon
+them.
+
+17 And if a man take his sister, the
+daughter of his father, or the daughter of his
+mother, and he see her nakedness, and she see
+his nakedness : it is a disgraceful deed ; and
+they shall be cut off before the eyes of their
+people; the nakedness of his sister hath he
+uncovered ; his iniquity shall he bear.
+
+18 And if a man lie with a woman suffer-
+ing of her separation, and uncover her naked-
+ness, and he lay open her fountain, and she
+uncover the fountain of her blood : then shall
+both of them be cut off from the midst of
+their people.
+
+19 And the nakedness of th}' mother's sis-
+ter, or of thy father's sister shalt thou not un-
+cover ; for his near of kin he xmcovereth :
+their iniquity shall they bear.
+
+20 And the man that lieth with his uncle's
+wife, hath uncovered his uncle's nakedness :
+their sin shall they bear; childless shall they die.
+
+21 And if a man do take his brother's wife,
+it is an abominable act: the nakedness of his
+brother hath he uncovered ; childless shall
+they remain.
+
+22 And keep ye all my statutes, and all
+my ordinances, and do them ; that the land,
+whither I bring j'ou to dwell therein, may
+not vomit" you forth.'''
+
+23 And ye shall not walk in the customs
+of the nation which I cast out before you ; for
+all these things they committed, and there-
+fore I felt loathing for them.
+
+24 And I said unto you, Ye shall possess
+their land, and f will give it unto you to pos-
+sess it, a land flowing with milk and honey :
+I am the Eternal your God, who have sepa-
+rated you from the nations.*
+
+25 Ye shall therefore make a difference be-
+tween the clean beast and the unclean, and
+between the unclean fowl and the clean ; and
+ye shall not make your souls abominable by
+the beast, or by the fowl, or by any manner
+of thing that creepeth on the ground, which I
+have separated for you as unclean.
+
+26 And ye shall be holy unto me, for 1 the
+Lord am holy ; and I have separated you from
+the nations, that ye should be mine.
+
+main unpunished, would mislead others to acts of wicked-
+ness, though they even might not reach the greatness of
+his transgressions.
+
+° {. e. Cast out, as it were, the sinners dwelling in it.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XX. XXI. EMORE.
+
+
+27 And if there be among men or women
+one that hatli a laniiliar spirit, or that is a
+wizard, they'' sliall be put to death ; with
+stones shall they stone them ; their blood shall
+be upon them.
+
+Haphtorali in iVmos ix. 7 to 15. The Purtuguesu read in
+Ezekiel ss. 2 to 20. Otliors begin at verse 1.
+
+
+SECTION XXXI. EMORE, n^N-
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Speak
+unto the priests the sons of Aaron, and say
+unto them, None (of them) shall defile him-
+self on the dead, among* his people ;
+
+2 But on his kin, that is near unto him.
+(that is,) on his mother, and on his father,
+and on his son, and on his daughter, and on
+liis brother,
+
+3 And on his sister that is a virgin, that is
+nigh unto him, who hath had no husband:
+on her may he defile himself
+
+4 The chief" man among his people shall
+not defile himself, to be profaned thereljy.
+
+5 They shall not make any baldness upon
+their head, and the corner of their beard slitdl
+they not shave of!', and in their flesh sliall
+they not make any incision.
+
+6 Holy shall they be unto their God. and
+they shall not profane the name of their God ;
+for the firc-ofl'erings of the Lokd, the bread of
+their God, do they oft'er, they shall therefore
+be holy.
+
+7 A woman that is a harlot, or one pro-
+faned, shall they not take ; and a woman put
+away from her husband shall the}- not take ;
+for holy'' is he unto his God.
+
+8 And thou shalt sanctify him f for the
+bread of thy God doth he ofier: holy shall he
+be unto thee; for I the Lokd, who sanctity
+you, am holy.
+
+9 Ami if tlie daughter of any priest profane
+
+
+' Tlie plural is again used Iiere after the .singular,
+though preceded by the disjunctive " or;" and seems thus
+to say, that if there be uuiny guilty of this sin, they shall
+all be punished alike.
+
+'' This is explained, '■ when others are there to bury the
+dead ;" but if a priest find a corpse and no one is there to
+inter it, he himself must do it.
+
+" Eashbam translates, " A husband among the priests
+
+shall not defile himself (on his wife) to be profaned
+
+thereby." Tradition, however, limits this to a woman
+
+whom the priest should of right not marry. Our version
+
+T
+
+
+herself by committing incest, her father doth
+she profane : with fire shall she be burnt.
+
+10 Tl And the priest tluit is higliest among
+his brethren, upon whose head the anointing
+oil hath been ])0ured, and who hath been con-
+secrated to put on the garments, sluiU not let
+the hair of his head grow long, and his gar-
+ments shall ho not rend ;
+
+11 Neither shall he go in to any dead
+body ; even on his father", and on his mother
+shall he not defile himself.
+
+12 And out of the sanctuary shall he not
+go, that he may not profane the sanctuary of
+his God ; for the crown^ of the anointing oil
+of his God is upon him : I am the Lord.
+
+13 And he shall take a wife in lier virgin
+state.
+
+14 A widow, and a divorced womtm, and
+one profiined, (and) a harlot, these shall he
+not take; Ijut a virgin of his own people shall
+he take for wife ;
+
+15 So that he may not proftme his seed
+among his people ; for I, the Lord, do sanctify
+him.'^'
+
+16 ^[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+17 Speak unto Aaron, saying. Whosoever
+of th}- seed in their generations it be on whom
+there is any blemish, shall not approach to
+ofter the bread of his God.
+
+18 For whatsoe^■er man it be on whom
+there is a l)lemish, shall not approach : a blind,
+or a lame man, or one that hath a flattened
+nose, or a m;iu one of Avhose limbs is too
+long.
+
+19 Or a man who htith ;i broken foot, or a
+broken hand,
+
+20 Or a crookbiicked, or a dwarf, or one
+that hath a blemish in his eye, or the itch, or
+the scurvy, or the testicles broken.
+
+21 Every man on whom there is a blemish,
+of the seed of Aaron the priest, shall not come
+niiili to offer the fire-ofierings of the Lord :
+
+
+is after Onkelos, and refers to the high-priest, see farther,
+ver. 11.
+
+'' (". <•. Each individual priest.
+
+■^ " Sanctify him even against his will, so that if he
+will not put away such a woman as just mentioned, com-
+pel him by punishment to do so. Holy shall he be to
+thee, that is, look upon him as holy, to commence as
+the first in every thing, and to be the first to say the bless-
+ing at the table." — R.\shi.
+
+' Arnheim and others render i;: as " setting apart,"
+hence " the consecration."
+
+145
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXI. XXII. EMORE.
+
+
+there is a blemish on him ; he shall not come
+nigh to offer the bread of liis God.
+
+22 The bread of his God, both of the most
+holy, and of the holy things he may eat.
+
+23 Only unto the vail, and unto the altar
+shall he not come nigh, because there is a
+blemish on him : that he profane not my holy
+things ; for I the Lokd do sanctify them.
+
+24 And Moses spoke thus unto Aaron, and
+to his sons, and unto all the cJiildren of
+Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+2 Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, that
+they keep themselves away from the holy
+things of the children of Israel, (so that they
+profiuie not my holy name) which" they hal-
+low unto me: I am the Lord.
+
+3 Say unto them. In your generations, if
+there be any man of all your seed, that ap-
+proacheth unto the holy things, which the
+children of Israel. li allow unto the Lord, hav-
+ing his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall
+be cut off from my presence : I am the Lord.
+
+4 Any man whatsoever of the seed of
+Aaron, that is a leper, or hath a running
+issue, shall not eat of the holy things, until
+he be clean; and ^\dioso toucheth any thing
+that is unclean by the dead, or a man whose
+seed goeth from him ;
+
+5 Or a man who toucheth any creeping
+thing, whereby he may be made unclean, or a
+man through whom he can be rendered un-
+clean, through any kind of uncleanness which
+he hath :
+
+6 The i)erson that toucheth any su(}h shall
+l)e unclean until the evening, and he shall
+not eat of the holy things, unless he have
+bathed his flesh in water.
+
+7 And when the sun hath set, he shall be
+clean ; and afterward he may eat of the holy
+things; because it is his food.
+
+8 That which dietli of itself, or is torn by
+beasts, shall lie not eat, to defile himself there-
+with: I am the Lord.
+
+9 And they shall keep my charge, that
+
+
+' This rpf(TS back " to the holy things of the children
+of Isnicl." '' One a stranger to the priesthood.
+
+" By .sojourner, is understood a Hebrew servant, whose
+car was bored, who stays till the jubilee; and by a hired
+servant, one who stays till the end of the sixth year.
+— Kasui. I Sec Exodus xxi.j
+146
+
+
+they may not bear sin through it, ;uid die
+therefor, if they jjrofane it: 1 am the Lord
+who sanctity them.
+
+10 And no stranger'' shall eat of a holy
+thing : a sojourner" of a priest, or a hired ser-
+vant, shall not eat of a holy thing.
+
+11 But if a priest buy a person with his
+money, then may he eat of it; and those
+that are born in his house, may eat of his
+bread.
+
+12 And if the daughter of a priest be mar-
+ried unto a stranger, she may not eat of the
+offered part' of holy things.
+
+13 But the daughter of a priest, if she be a
+widow, or divorced, and have no child, tind is
+returned unto her fathers house, as in her
+youth, may eat of her father's bread ; Ijut no
+stranger shall eat thereof
+
+14 And if a man eat a holy thing unwit-
+tingly, then sliall he ;idd the fifth i)art thereof
+unto it, and he shall make good unto the
+priest the holy thing.
+
+15 And they shall not pi'oftine the holy
+things of the children of Israel, which they
+offer unto the Lord;
+
+16 And" load on themselves the iniquity of
+trespass, when they eat tlieir holy things;
+for I am the Lord who sanctifj- them.'''
+
+17 ^[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,^
+
+18 Speak unto Aaron, and unto his sons,
+and unto all the children of Israel, a)id say
+imto them. If there be any man of the house
+of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that
+offereth his oblation, be it for any manner of
+vows, or for any manner of freewill-offerings,
+which they may offer unto the Lord for a
+burnt^offering :
+
+19 Then shall it be, tluit it may be f\ivour-
+ably received for you, a male without blemish,
+of the oxen, of the sheep, or of the goats.
+
+20 Whatsoever on which there is a blemish
+shall ye not offer; for it will not be favour-
+ably received for you.
+
+21 And when a man offereth a sacrifice of
+peace-offering unto the Lord as a vow, or a
+freewill-off'ring of the herds or of the flocks:
+it shall be without blemish to be favourably
+
+'' The breast and shoulder of the peace-offeriugs. (Sec
+Leviticus x. 15.)
+
+" Aruheini renders, (after Rashbatn,) "that these load
+themselves with the guilt of trespass, in their eating the
+holy things," referring to those strangers to the priest-
+hood, who are not permitted to do so. Our version refers
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXII. XXIII. EMORE.
+
+
+received; no kind of bodily defect shall be
+thereon.
+
+22 A blind, or broken-limbed, or maimed
+animal, or one having a wen, or itch, or
+scurx-}-, — ye shall not offer these unto the
+Lord, and a fire-offering shall ye not make of
+them upon the altar unto the Lord.
+
+23 And an ox or a lamb that hath a limb
+too long or too sliort, that mayest thou offer
+for a freewill-offering;" but for a vow it shall
+not be favourably received.
+
+24 And one that is bruised, or crushed, or
+broken, or cut in the testicles, shall ye not
+offer unto the Lord; and in 30ur land shall
+ye not make the like.
+
+25 And from a stranger's hand shall ye
+not offer the bread of your God from any of
+these ;'' because their corruption is on them, a
+bodily defect is on them: they shall not Ije
+favourably received for you.
+
+26 *i\ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ings
+
+27 When a bullock, or a sheep, or a goat,
+
+is brought forth, then shall it remain seven
+days b}' its mother; and from the eighth day
+and thenceforth shall it be favourably received
+for an offering made by fire unto the Lord.
+
+28 And whether it be ox" or sheep, ye shall
+not kill it aud its young both in one da}'.
+
+29 And when ye ofler a sacrifice of thanks-
+giving unto the Lord, offer it so that it may
+be favourably received of you.
+
+30 On the same day shall it be eaten up;
+ye shall leave none of it until the morning: I
+am the Lord.
+
+31 And ye shall keep my commandments
+and do them: I am the Lord.
+
+32 And ye shall not profane my holy
+name ; so that I may be sanctified among the
+children of Israel ; I am the Lord who sanc-
+tify you,
+
+33 That brought you out of the land of
+Egypt, t(j be unto you a God: I am the Lord.*
+
+
+to the priests themselves, who are to abstain from the
+sacred gifts when unclean. This is the view of Onkelos.
+
+° ('. e. It may be devoted to the expenses of the temple,
+but not for a .sacrifice.
+
+'' No complaisance to a stranger to Israel could allow us
+to accept from him such an animal for sacrifice as was
+prohibited to us. Otherwise heathens were permitted to
+offer at the altar through the priest.
+
+" Eng. ver. " cow or ewe ;" but the Hebrew has " ox
+or sheep."
+
+'' The word riDD in the precedmi; verse is evidently of
+a difi'erent signification fmni the feast of unleavened bread
+
+
+CHAPTER XXlll.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+
+mo;.
+
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them, The feasts of the Lord, which
+ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, —
+these are my feasts :
+
+3 Six days may woi'k be done; but on the
+seventh day is the sabl)ath of rest, a holy con-
+vocation ; no kind of work shall ye do thereon ;
+it is the sabbath (holy) unto the Lord in all
+your dwellings.
+
+4 ^ These are the feasts of the Lord, the
+holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in
+their seasons :
+
+5 On the fourteenth day of the first month,
+toward evening, is the passover-lamb to be
+offered unto the Lord.
+
+G Aud on the fifteenth day of the same
+month is the feast of unleavened bread"* unto
+the Lord : seven days must ye eat unleavened
+bread.
+
+7 On the first dtiy there shall be ;i holy
+convociition unto yon ; no servile work shall
+ye do thereon.
+
+8 And ye shall offer an ofl'ering nunle by
+fire unto the Lord seven days: on the seventh
+day is a holy convocation; no servile work
+shall ye do.
+
+9 ^[ And the Lord spoke inito Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto tliem, When ye shall have come into
+the land which I give inito you, and reap the
+harvest thereof: then shall ye bring an omer
+full of the first of Aour harvest unto the
+
+
+11 Aud he shall wave the omer before the
+Lord, that it may be ftivouraljly received for
+you; on the morrow after the holy day'' shall
+the priest wtive it.
+
+12 And ye shall offer on the day when ye
+
+mentioned here; hence the word has been rendered accord-
+ing to Rashi : "The passover-lamb," with the addition un-
+derstood, "is to be offered." The fifteenth day, commenc-
+ing the evening before, is the feast of unleavened bread.
+
+' The word in Hebrew is nlty "the rest," which ap-
+plies equally well to the strict holy days, when no work
+is to be done, as to the weekly day of rest, the sabbath
+proper. '• The morrow after the holy day," in this verse,
+refers to the second day of the Passover, from which, till
+the Pentecost, are forty-nine days. The word n^ty signi-
+fies also "week," probably because each wci-k has one
+sabbath.
+
+147
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXm. EMORE.
+
+
+wave the omer, a male sheep without blemish
+of the first year for a bunit-ofiering unto the
+Lord.
+
+13 And the meat-oftei'ino' thereof shall be
+two tenth parts of line tioiw mingled with oil,
+as an offering made by fire unto the Lord, for
+a sweet savour; with its drink-offering of
+wine, the fourth part of a bin.
+
+14 And neither bread, nor parched corn,
+nor green ears, shall ye eat, until the self-
+same day, until ye have brought the ofiering
+of your God: it shall be a statute for ever
+throughout your generations in all your dwell-
+ings.
+
+15 ^ And ye shall count unto you from
+the morrow after the holy day, from the day
+that ye bring the omer of the wave-offering,
+(that) it be seven complete weeks :
+
+16 Even unto the morrow after the seventh
+week shall ye number fifty days ; and ye shall
+then offer a new'' meat-offering unto the Lord.
+
+17 Out of your own habitations shall ye
+bring two wave-loaves of two tenth parts ; of
+fine fiour shall they be; leavened shall they
+be Ijaked; they are the first-fruits unto the
+Lord.
+
+18 And ye sliall offer with the bread seven
+sheep without blemish of the first year, and
+one young bullock, and two rams : they shall
+be for a burnt-offering unto the Lord, Avith
+their meat-ofit'ring, with their drink-offerings,
+an ofiering made by fire, of a sweet savour
+unto the Lord.
+
+19 And ye shall sacrifice one he-goat for a
+sin-offering, and two sheep of the first year
+for a sacrifice of peace-offering.
+
+20 And the priest shall make with them
+together with the bread of the first-fruits a
+waving before the Lord, together with the
+two sheep ; holy shall they be to the Lord for
+the priest.
+
+21 And ye shall proclaim on the self-same
+day, that it may be a holy convocation unto
+you; no servile work shall ye do; it shall be
+a statute for ever in all your dwellings
+throughout your generations.
+
+22 And Avhen ye reap the harvest of your
+land, thou shalt not cut away altogether the
+
+
+* /. e. Of the now wheat.
+
+'' Hcb. "Ye shall afflict ymir iiersdiis;" Imt this phrase is
+always employed as synoiiynious with nii" "fasfiiir;," used in
+the prophetic books, but not found in the Pentateuch. It
+is, perhaps, also move comprehensive, as ou the day of
+atouemcnt all iudulgcuccs of whatever kind are prohibited
+148
+
+
+corners of thy field when thou reapest, and
+the gleaning of thy harvest shalt thou not
+gather up ; unto the poor, and to the stranger
+shalt thou leave them : I am the Lord your
+God.*
+
+23 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+24 Speak unto the children of Israel, say-
+ing. In the seventh month, on the first day
+of the month, shall ye have a rest, a (day of)
+memorial of sounding the cornet, a holy con-
+vocation.
+
+25 No servile work shall ye do : and ye
+shall offer an offering made by fire unto the
+Lord.
+
+26 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+27 But on the tenth day of this seventh
+month is the day of atonement, a holy convo-
+cation shall it be unto you, and ye shall fast ;''
+and ye shall offer an offering made ))v fire'
+unto the Lord.
+
+28 And no manner of work** shall ye do on
+this same day ; for it is a day of atonement,
+to make an atonement for you befoi'e tlie
+Lord your God.
+
+29 For whatsoever person it be that fasteth
+not on this same day, shall be cut off' from
+among his people.
+
+30 And if there be any person tliat doth
+any work on this same day, then will I de-
+stroy the same person from among his people.
+
+31 No manner of work shall ye do: it shall
+be a statute for ever throughout your genera-
+tions, in all j-our dwellings.
+
+32 A sabbath of rest it shall be unto you,
+and ye shall fast: on the ninth day of the
+month at evening'" (shall ye begin), from even-
+ini;- unto evening shall ve celebrate your sab-
+bath.*
+
+33 ^f And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+34 Speak unto the children of Israel, say-
+ing. On the fifteenth day of this_ seventh
+month, shall be the feast of tabernacles for
+seven days unto the Lord.
+
+35 On the first day shall be a holy convo-
+cation; no servile work shall ye do.
+
+■= The offering is specified in the parallel passages, above,
+chapter xvi., and Numbers, chapter xxi.x. 7 to Jl.
+
+'' Not even the preparation of food, which is peruiitted
+on other holy days; this being equal to the usual sabbath,
+a nn3B' n^ty a day of rest in the highest degree.
+
+'' The other festivals also begin at evening, as indicated-
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXIII. XXIV. EMORE.
+
+
+(lay of the seventh
+lave gathered in the IVuit
+
+
+.d6 Seven days shall ye offer an offering
+made by fire unto the Lord: on the eighth
+day shall be a holy convocation unto .you;
+and ye shall offer an offering made by fire
+unto the Lokd, it is a solenni" assembly; no
+servile work shall ye do.
+
+?)7 These are the feasts of the Lokd. which
+ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to
+offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord,
+buriit-dfT'ering, and meat-dflering, sacrilice, and
+drink-oil'erings, every thing upon its day:
+
+08 Beside the sabbaths'' of the Lord, and
+l)eside your gifts, and Ix'side all your vows,
+and beside all your freewiU-otlerings, which
+ye may give unto the Lord.
+
+.39 But on tlie fifteenth dav
+month, when ye
+
+of the land, shall ye keep the feast of the
+Lord seven davs: on the first dav shall be a
+rest, and on the eighth day shall be a rest.
+
+40 And 3'e shall take unto }ourselves° on
+the first day the fruit of the ti'ee hadar,'^
+branches of palm-trees, and the boughs of the
+myrtle-tree, and willows of the brook; and ye
+shall rejoice before the Lord your God seven
+days.
+
+41 And ye shall keep it as a feast unto
+the Lord seven days in the A-ear: it shall be
+a statute for ever throughout your generations ;
+in the seventh mouth shall ye celebrate it.
+
+42 In booths shall ye dwell seven days; all
+that are Isi'aelites bom shall dwell in l)ooths.
+
+43 In order that your generations may
+know, that I caused the children of Israel to
+dwell in booths, when I brought them forth
+out of the land of Egypt: I am the Lord
+your God.
+
+44 And Moses declared the feasts of the
+Lord unto the children of Israel.*
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 1[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Conunand the children of Israel, that
+they bring unt(j thee pure beaten olive-oil, for
+
+
+•Philippson: "Fiast of conclusion," mx;' from ti'i'
+"to shut up," "to restrain."
+
+*" /'. c. Beside tlie two lambs, the additional sacrifice for
+the sabbath, which are mentioned in Numbers xxviii.
+9, 10.
+
+° "Each of you .shall take of his own." — Wesseli. In
+the same manner all similar phrases must be explained.
+
+^ Our tradition teaches us that this means the citron-
+tree. The oritrin of the name Hadar is otherwise duubt-
+
+
+the lighting, to cause the lamp to l)urn con-
+tinually.
+
+3 Without the vail of the testimony, in the
+tabernacle of the congregation, shall Aaron
+put it in order (I'or) from evening unto morn-
+ing before the Lord continually; as a statute
+for ever in your generations.
+
+4 Upon the pure candlestick shall he put
+in order the lamps, before the Lord, con-
+tinually.
+
+5 ^i And thou slialt take fine flour, and Ijake
+thereof twelve cakes: of two tenth parts sliall
+each one cake be.
+
+G And thou shalt place them in two rows,
+six in a row, upon the [)ure table Ijeibre the
+Lord.
+
+7 And thou shalt put upon each row pm-e
+ft'ankincense, that it may be unto the Ijread
+for a memorial," as a fire-offering mi to the
+Lord.
+
+8 On every and each sabbath day shall he
+place it in order before the Lord continualh",
+(obtained) from the children of Israel as an
+everlasting covenant.
+
+9 And it shall belong to Aaron and to his
+sons; and they shall eat it in a holy place;
+for it is most holy unto him, from the fire-
+offerings of the Lord, as a perpetual fixed
+portion.
+
+10 T[ And there went forth a son of an
+Israelitish woman, but who Avas the son of an
+Egyptian man, among the children of Israel;
+and there quarrelled together in the camp
+this son of the Israelitish wonuin and an
+Israelitish man.
+
+11 And the son of the Israelitish woman
+pronounced'^ the (holy) Name, and blasphem-
+ed; and they brought him unto Mo.ses: (and
+his mother's name was Shelomith. the daugh-
+ter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan ;)
+
+12 And they placed him in ward, until the
+decision of the Lord could be explained to
+them.
+
+13 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+
+ful. The English version of this verse is too incorrect to
+require remark.
+
+" The bread belonged to the priests; but the frankin-
+cense alone was burnt; consequently it was the memorial
+for the showbread, the same as above, ii. 2, &c., with tlie
+ordinary meat-offering.
+
+' "As Onkelos explains, he pronounced the most holy
+name of God, which they had heard on Sinai, and bla*-
+phcujcd." — E.vsm.
+
+H'.)
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXIV. XXV. BEHAR.
+
+
+14 Lead forth the bhisphemer to without
+the camp; and all that have heard him shall
+lay their hands upon his head ; and all the
+congregation shall stone him.
+
+15 And mito the children of Israel shalt
+thou speak, saying. Whatsoever man tliat
+blasphemeth his God shall bear his sin.
+
+16 But he that pronounced the name of
+the Lord (with blasphemy) shall be put to
+death, all the congregation shall stone him;
+be he a stranger, or be he one that is born in
+the land, when he pronounceth the (holy)
+Name (with blasphemy,) he shall be put to
+death.
+
+1 7 And he that taketh the life of any man
+shall surely be put to death.
+
+18 And he that taketh tlie life of a beast
+shall make it good: beast for beast.
+
+19 And if a man cause a bodily defect in
+his neighbour, as he hath done, so shall be
+done to him;
+
+20 Breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth
+for tooth: in the manner as he hath caused a
+bodily defect in a man, so shall it be done to
+him.*
+
+21 And he that killeth a beast, shall make
+restitution for it; and he that killeth a man,
+shall be put to deatli.
+
+22 One manner of judicial law shall ye
+have, the stranger shall be equal with one of
+your own country; for I am the Lord your
+God.
+
+23 And Moses spoke to the children of
+Israel; and they led forth the blasphemer
+to without the camp, and they stoned him
+with stones; and the children of Israel did as
+tlie Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+Haphtorah in Ezekiel xliv. 15 to 31.
+
+
+SECTION XXXII. BEIIAR, nn3.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 Tl And the Lord sjtoko unto Moses on
+mount Sinai, saying,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto thein, Wben ye come into tlic land
+which I give unto you; then shall the land
+keep a sabbath imto the Lord.
+
+3 Six years shalt thou st)\v thy field, and
+
+
+* Properly, Yohcl. Raslii dorivcs this word from SdV
+"the ram," because the ram's horn (cornet) was bhnvn to
+announce it; but as liorns from otlmr animals were also
+150
+
+
+six years shalt thou prune thy vineyard, and
+gather in the fruit thereof;
+
+4 But in the seventh year there shall be a
+sabbath of rest unto the land, a sabbath (in
+honour) of the Lord: thy field shalt thou
+not sow, and thy vineyard shalt thou not
+prune.
+
+5 That which groweth of its own accord
+of thy harvest shalt thou not reap, and the
+grapes of thy undressed vine shalt thou not
+gather: a year of rest shall it he unto the
+land.
+
+6 And (the product of) tlie sabbath of the
+land shall be unto you for food, for thee, and
+for thy man-.servant, and lor thy maid-ser-
+vant, and for thy hired labourer, and for thy
+stranger, that sojourn with thee;
+
+7 And lor thy cattle, and tor the beasts
+that are in thy land, shall all its products be
+(left) for food.
+
+8 Tl And thou shalt number unto thee
+seven sabbaths of years, seven years seven
+times; and the space of the seven salj))aths
+of 3'ears shall be unto thee forty and nine
+years.
+
+9 And then shalt thou cause the sound of
+the cornet to be heard, in the seventh month,
+on the tenth day of the month: on the day
+of atonement shall ye sound the cornet
+throughout all your land.
+
+10 And ye shall hallow the fiftietli year,
+and proclaim freedom throughout the land
+unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a
+jubilee'' unto you; and ye shall return, every
+man, unto his possession, and ye shall return,
+eveiy man, unto his family.
+
+11 A jubilee shall this, the fiftietli year, be
+unto you : ye shall not sow, nor reap that
+which groweth of itself in it, nor gather in it
+the fruit of the undressed vines.
+
+12 For it is the jubilee; holy shall it be
+unto you : from the field shall ye eat the pro-
+ducts thereof
+
+13 In this year of the jubilee shall je re-
+turn, every man, unto his possession.*
+
+14 And if thou sell aught unto thy neigh-
+bour, or buy aught of thy neighbour's hand,
+ye shall not overreach one the other;
+
+15 According to the number of years after
+the jubilee shalt thou buy of thy neighbour,
+
+
+permitted for this service, Ramban derives it from ^3'
+which signifies in Hiphil "to bring," that is, the year
+when each man is brought back to his own
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXV. BEHAR.
+
+
+according unto tlic iiiunber of" harvest-years"
+shall he sell unto thee;
+
+16 According to the multitude of years
+slialt thou increase the price thereof", and ac-
+cording to the fewness of years shalt thou
+diminish the price thereof; for a munber of
+harvests doth he sell unto thee.
+
+17 And ye shall not overreach'' one the
+other; but thou shalt be afraid of thy God;
+for I am the Lord your God.
+
+IS And ye shall do my statutes, and my
+ordinances shall ye keep and do them; and
+then shall ye dwell in the land in safety.*
+
+19 And the land shall yield its fruit, and
+ye shall eat your fill, and dwell in safety
+therein .
+
+20 And if ye should say. What shall we
+eat in the seventh year? behold, we are not
+permitted to sow, and we cannot gather in our
+harvest :
+
+21 Then will I command my blessing unto
+you in the sixth year, and it shall bring forth
+a harvest for three years.
+
+22 And when ye sow in the eighth year,
+then shall ye eat yet of the old harvest; until
+the ninth year^ until its harvest come in,
+shall ye eat of the old store.
+
+23 And the land shall not be sold for a
+permanence (to the purchaser) ; for the land
+is mine; for strangers and sojourners are ye
+with me.
+
+24 And in all the land of your possession
+ye shall grant a redemption tor the land.*
+
+25 T[ If thy brother become poor, and sell
+away some of his possession : then may his
+nearest of kin come and I'edeem what his
+brother hath sold.
+
+26 And if the man have none to redeem it,
+and he acquire the means, suiHcient to be aljle
+to redeem it himself:
+
+27 Then let him reckon the years since his
+sale, and restore the overplus unto the man
+to whom he sold it; and so shall he return
+unto his possession.
+
+
+" /. c. While harvesting is permitted to the buyer, or
+the years that are to elapse till the jubilee; for then the j
+land returns to the original owner. Hence the price is
+higher it" the time to the jubilee be long, and smaller in
+proportion ; as in nest verse.
+
+' Tradition makes i:in not "deceive,"' but to "offend" |
+with words, to "excite to anger." But in our version we ;
+followed Onkelos and others. i
+
+° Rashi renders this, "If a man purchase from the Le-
+vites," &c. Our translation is after Arnheim, who com- j
+
+
+28 But if his means do not suffice to enable
+him to restore it to him : then shall that
+which he hath sold remain in the hand of
+him that hath bought it until the year of
+the jubilee; and it shall be freed in the
+jubilee, and he shall return unto his posses-
+sion.*
+
+29 ^[ And if a nmn sell a dwelling-house
+in a walled city, then shall the time of re-
+demption last till the end of the year of his
+sale; ti full vear shall his time of redemption
+last.
+
+30 And if it be not redeemed within the
+expiration of a full year: then shall the house
+which is in the walled city remain as a per-
+nmnence to him that bought it throughout
+his generations; it shall not become freed in
+the jubilee.
+
+31 But the houses of the villages which
+have no wall round about them shall Ije
+counted as the fields of the country : they
+shall have the right of redemption, and they
+shall become freed in the jubilee.
+
+32 And (respecting) the cities of the Le-
+vites, the houses of the cities of their posses-
+sion, a perpetual right of redemj^tion shall
+belong to the Levites.
+
+33 And if a man of the Levites redeem''
+something: then shall the house that was
+sold, and the city of his possession, become
+freed in the jubilee; for the houses of the
+cities of the Levites are their possession
+among the children of^ Israel.
+
+34 And ii field of the sul)urbs of their cities
+shall not be sold;'' for a perpetual possession
+is it unto them.
+
+oG T[ And if thy brother become poor, and
+fall in decay with thee : then shalt thou assist
+him, (yea) a stranger, or a sojourner, that he
+may live with thee.
+
+36 Thou shalt not take of him any usury
+or increase; but thou shalt be afraid of thy
+God: that thy brother may live with thee.
+
+37 Thy money shalt thou not give him
+
+
+ments, that if a Levite should redeem a property sold by
+another of his tribe, it will revert to the original owner at
+the jubilee; whereas, as regards the lands of other Israel-
+ites, the law is silent, provided (.mly that it must revert to
+the tribe of the seller. Philipp.son renders, "any one of
+the Levites may redeem," &c., and connects it with the
+preceding verse; and it then means, it requires no relative
+to redeem, but any one of the Levitical tribe.
+
+■^ This is said to refer to a tield sanctified by a Levi,
+which is not to be forfeited to the priests as m xxvii. 21.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXV. XXVI. BECHUCKOTAY.
+
+
+upon usury, uor leud liiui tli\ victuals for in-
+crease.
+
+38 I am the Lord your God, who have
+brought, you forth out of tlie hind of Egypt, to
+give unto you tlie hind of Canaan, to be unto
+you a God.'^'
+
+39 ^ And if thy brother become poor near
+thee, and be sold unto thee : thou shalt not
+compel him to work as a bond-servant.
+
+40 But as a hired labourer, as a sojourner,
+shall he be with thee; until the year of the
+jubilee shall he serve with thee:
+
+41 And then shall he depart fi-om thee, he
+and his children with him; and he shall re-
+turn unto his own family, and unto the pos-
+session of his fathei's shall he return.
+
+42 For my servants are they, whom I
+brought forth out of the land of Egypt: they
+shall not be sold as bond-men are sold.
+
+43 Thou shalt not rule over him with
+rigour; but thou shalt have fear of thy God.
+
+44 But thy bond-man, and thy l:)ond-wo-
+man that shall remain thine, shall be of the
+nations that are round about 3"ou; of them
+may ye buy bond-man and bond-woman.
+
+45 And also of the children of the strangers
+that sojourn with you, of them may ye Ijuy,
+and of their families that ai'e with you, which
+they have begotten in your land; and they
+shall remain to you as a possession.
+
+46 And ye may transfer them as an inherits
+ance for your children after you. to inherit
+them for a possession ; you may hold them to
+service for ever; but over your brethren the
+children of Israel, one over the other, ye"'
+shall not rule with rigour.'-'
+
+47 ^ And if a stranger or sojourner wax
+rich near thee, and thy brother become poor
+near him, and he sell himself unto the so-
+journing stranger near thee, or to a descend-
+ant of a stranger's family :
+
+48 After he hath sold himself shall he
+have the right of redemption ; one of his
+brethren may redeem him.
+
+49 Either his uncle, or his uncle's son, may
+redeem him, or any that is near of kin unto
+him of his family nuiy redeem him ; or if he
+obtain the means, he may redeem himself
+
+•50 And he shall reckon with him that
+bought him from the year that he sold him-
+self to him unto the year of the jubilee : and
+
+
+" llol). "Thou shalt not rule," acfiivding to ttio Hebrew
+ididiii.
+
+
+the price of his sale shall be according to the
+number of years, as the time of a hired
+labourer shall he have been with him.
+
+51 If there be yet many years, according
+to them shall he return the price of his re-
+demption out of his purchase-money.
+
+52 And if there remain but few years unto
+the year of the jubilee: then shall he reckon
+with him; according to his years shall he
+return the price of his redemption.
+
+53 As a lal)0urer hired from 3"ear to year
+shall he be with him; he shall not rule over
+him with rigour before thy eyes.
+
+54 And if he be not redeemed by (one of)
+these means ; then shall he go out in the year
+of the jubilee, both he, and his children with
+him.'''
+
+55 For unto me are the children of Israel
+servants, my servants are they, whom I have
+brought forth out of the land of Egypt: 1 am
+the Eternal jour God.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 Ye shall not make yourselves any idols,
+and a graven im-age, or a standing image
+shall ye not rear up inito you, and any carved
+stone shall you not place in your hmd, to l)ow
+down upon it; for I am the Eternal \"our
+God.
+
+2 My sabbaths shall ye keep, and my
+sanctuary shall ye reverence: I am the Lokd.
+
+Haphtorah in Jeromiah xxxii. <i tu '2' .
+
+
+SECTION XXXIII. BECHUCKOTAY,
+
+'npnn.
+
+3 ^ If in my statutes ye walk, and if my
+commandments ye keep, and do them :
+
+4 Then will I give you rains in their due
+season, and the earth shall yield her pro-
+ducts, and the tree of the field shall yield its
+fruit.
+
+5 And the thresliing shall reach with you
+unto the vintage, and the vintage shall reach
+unto sowing-time; and ye shall eat your
+bre;id to the full, and ye shall dwell in safety
+in your land.'-''
+
+G And I will give peace in the lan<l. and ye
+shall lie down, with none to nuU\e you afraid;
+and 1 will remove evil beasts out of the land,
+and tne sword shall not pass through yoiu'land.
+
+7 And ye shall chase your enemies, and
+they shall fall betbre you by the sword.
+
+
+JOSEPH INTEKPKETIXG PHARAOHS DREAM.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXVI. BECHUCKOTAY.
+
+
+8 And five of you shall chase a hundred,
+aiul a hundred of you shall chase ten thou-
+sand ; and your enemies shall fall before you
+by the sword.
+
+9 And I will turn myself unto you, and
+make you fruitful, and multipW you; and I
+will establish my covenant with 30U.*
+
+10 And \e shall eat very old stox'e, and
+the old shall ye remove away because of the
+new.
+
+11 And I will set my dwelling among you;
+and my soul shall not loath" you.
+
+12 And I will walk among you, and I will
+be to you a God, and ye shall be to me a
+people.
+
+13 I am the Eternal your God, who have
+brought you forth out of the laud of Egypt,
+that ye should not be their bond-men ; and I
+have broken the bands of your yoke, and
+caused you to walk upright.
+
+14 ^1 But if ye will not hearken unto me,
+and will not do all these commandments;
+
+15 And if my statutes ye despise, and if
+my ordinances your soul loath, so as not to
+do all my commandments, in that ye break
+my covenant :
+
+16 Then will I also do this unto you, and
+I will inflict on you terror, consumption, and
+the burning ague, that consume the eyes, and
+cause sorrow of heart; and ye shall sow in
+vain your seed, for your enemies shall eat it.''
+
+17 And I will set my face against you, and
+ye shall be struck down before 3'our enemies :
+and they that hate you shall bear rule over
+you; and ye shall flee Avhile there is no one
+pursuing you.
+
+18 And if with these things even ye will
+not yet hearken unto me : then will I chastise
+you yet more, sevenfold for your sins.
+
+19 And I will break the pride of your
+power ; and I will make your heaven as iron,
+and your earth as copper :
+
+20 And in vain shall your strength be
+spent; for your land shall not yield her pro-
+ducts, and the tree of the land shall not yield
+its fruit.
+
+21 And if ye walk yet contrary unto me.
+
+
+' " Fear not that after a long time I will be tired of you
+and choose another nation to render it higher than you;
+for I the Lord change not; and if you do your part, to
+walk in my statutes, my dwelling shall be among you for
+ever." — Wesseli.
+
+'' "You .shall sow, but nothing will grow; but if you
+Li
+
+
+and if 30U lefuso to hearken unto me: then
+will I bring more plagues upon you, seven-
+fold according to jour sins.
+
+22 And I will send out against you the
+beasts of the field, which shall rob you of your
+children, and destroy your cattle, and dimi-
+nish yourselves; so that your roads shall be
+desolate.
+
+23 And if notmthstanding these things ye
+will not be reformed by me, and walk con-
+trary unto me :
+
+24 Then will I also walk contrary unto
+you, and I also will punish you, sevenfold for
+your sins.
+
+25 And I will bring over you the sword,
+avenging the quarrel of my covenant, so that
+ye shall be gathered together within your
+cities; and then will I send the pestilence
+among you,° that ye shall deliver yourselves
+into the hand of the enemy;
+
+26 When I break unto you the stafi" of
+bread; and ten women shall bake your bread
+in one oven, and they shall deliver your
+bread again by weight; and ye shall eat, and
+not be satisfied.
+
+27 ^ And if notwithstanding this ye will not
+hearken unto me, but walk contrary unto me :
+
+28 Then will I also walk contrary unto
+you in fury; and I, even I, Avill chastise you,
+sevenfold for your sins.
+
+29 And ye shall eat the flesh of your sons,
+and the flesh of your daughtei-s shall ye eat.
+
+30 And I will destroy your high -places,
+and cut down your suu-images, and cast your
+carcasses upon tlie carcasses of your idols;
+and my soul shall loath you.
+
+■31 And I will render your cities a waste,
+and I will make desolate your sanctuaries,
+and I will not smell the savour of your sweet
+odours.
+
+32 And I will surely make desolate the
+land: and your enemies who dwell thei'eiu
+shall be astonished at it.
+
+33 And you will I scatter among the nar
+tions, and I will draw out after you the
+sword; and your land shall be a 'desolate
+wild, and your cities shall be a waste.
+
+
+should have any thing in your fields, then shall your ene-
+mies come and eat it." — Rashi.
+
+° Meaning, the people having violated the covenant, God
+would send enemies into the land, fleeing before whom
+they should seek refuge in the towns, whence the plague
+should drive them again into the power of their pursuers
+
+153
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXVI. XXVII. BECHUCKOTAY.
+
+
+34 Then shall the laud satisfy'' its sab-
+baths, all the days of its desolation, when ye
+are in the land of your enemies : then shall
+the laud rest, and satisfy its sabbaths.
+
+35 All the days of its desolation shall it
+rest, the time which it did not rest in 3'our
+sabbaths, when ye dwelt upon it.
+
+36 And regarding those that are left of
+you, I will send a faintuess into their hearts
+in the lands of their enemies; and the sound
+of a leaf shaken shall chase them ; and they
+shall tlce, as fleeing from the sword ; and they
+shall fall with none pursuing.
+
+37 And they shall stumble one over the
+other, as l^efore the sword, without one pur-
+suing: and ye shall have no power to stand
+up before your enemies.
+
+38 Arid 3'e shall be lost among the nations,
+and the land of your enemies shall consume
+you.
+
+39 And they that are left of you shall pine
+away in their iniquity in the land of your '
+enemies; and also through the iniquities of
+their fathers shall they pine away with J
+them.
+
+40 And they shall then confess their ini-
+quity, and the iniquity of their fathers, (that)
+through their trespass which they trespassed
+against me, and also that (because) they had
+walked contrary unto me :
+
+411 also had to walk* contrary unto them,
+and to bring them into the land of their ene-
+mies; aud then shall their uucircumcised
+heart be humbled, and then shall they satisfy
+their iniquity.
+
+42 And I will then remember my covenant
+with Jacob, and also my covenant with Isaac,
+and also my covenant with Abraham will I
+remember; and the land will I remember.
+
+43 For the land shall be forsaken by them,
+and shall satisfy its sabbaths, while it lieth
+desolate without them, and they shall satisfy"
+their iniquity; because, even because my ordi-
+nances they despised, and my statutes their
+soul loathed.
+
+44 And yet for all that, though they be in
+
+* Make compensation for the years of release which the
+Israelites did not observe according to the dictates of the
+law.
+
+'' After riiilipj).son; as l^X is the future form; thus ex-
+pressing an act arising from a foregone cause, ix IN given
+liere with "and then," may also mean, as llashi com-
+ments, ''perhaps then," or "whether then." Thus: "I
+also had to walk contrary unto them, and bring them into
+154
+
+
+the land of their enemies, will 1 not cast
+them away, neither will I loath them, tn
+destroy them utterly, to break m_v co\'enant
+with them; for I am the Lokd their God.
+
+45 But I will remember for their sakes the
+covenant of tln'ir ancestors, whom I Ijrought
+forth out of the laud of Egjpt Ix'fore the eves
+of the nations, that I might be imto them a
+God: I am the Lord.
+
+46 Tlie.se are the statutes and ordinances
+and laws,"* which the Lord made between
+him and the children of Israel on mount
+Sinai, l)y the hand of Moses.''"
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 •[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Isiael. and
+sa}' unto them, If a man make a particular
+vow, (to give) the estimated value of persons
+in honour of the Lord :
+
+3 If the estimated value concern a male
+from twenty years old and unto sixty
+years old, then shall the estimation be fifty
+shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanc-
+tuary.
+
+4 And if it be a female, then shall the esti-
+mation be thirty shekels.
+
+5 And if (the person be) from five years
+old and unto twenty years old, then shall the
+estimation of the male be twenty shekels,
+and for the female ten shekels.
+
+6 Aud if (the person be) IVoui a muntli
+old aud unto five yeai's old, then shall the
+estimation of the male be five shekels of
+silver, and for tlie female the estimation
+(shall be) three shekels of silver.
+
+7 And if (the person be) from si.xty years
+old and upward, if it be a male, then shall the
+estimation be fifteen shekels, and for the
+female ten shekels.
+
+8 But if he be too poor for this estimation,
+tlien shall he present himself before the priest,
+and the priest shall value him; according to
+the ability to pay of him that hath voweil
+shall the priest value him.
+
+the land of their enemies, (to see) whether then their uu-
+circumcised heart would be humbled, and they would then
+atone for their iniquitj'."
+
+° This word, employed also in verses 34 and 41, means
+that they sliall suffer such punishment as will be in full
+satisfaction for the guilt they have incurred.
+
+'' Arnheim adds, as an ellipsis, "of the covenant," tc
+tally with what follows, "between him," lic.
+
+
+LEVITICUS XXVII. BECHUCKOTAY.
+
+
+9 ^ Ami if it be a l3east," whereof men can
+bring an offering unto the Lord, all tliat** a
+man giveth of such unto the Lord shall be
+holy.
+
+10 lie shall not alter it, nor change it, a
+good for a bad one, or a bad for a good one:
+and if he should change beast for beast, then
+shall it together with its exchange be holy.
+
+11 And if it be any unclean beast, of which
+they cannot offer a sacrifice unto the Lord,
+then sliall he present the beast before the
+priest :
+
+12 And the priest shall value it, wliethcr
+it be good or bad; as the priest valueth it, so
+shall it be.
+
+lo And if he will redeem it, then sliall he
+add a fifth part thereof unto the estimated
+value.
+
+14 And if a man sanctify his house as holy
+unto the Lord, then shall the priest value it,
+whether it be good or bad; as the priest may
+value it, so shall it stand.
+
+15 And if he that sanctified it will redeem
+his house, then shall he add the fifth part of
+the money of the estimated value unto it, and
+it shall remain his.*
+
+16 And if a man sanctify some part of a
+field of his possession unto the Lord, then
+shall the estimation be in proportion to its re-
+cpiired seed : the seed of a chomer of barley at
+tifty shekels of silver.
+
+17 If immediately after the year of the
+jubilee he sanctify his field, according to this
+estimation shall it stand.
+
+18 But if after the jubilee he sanctify his
+field, then shall the priest reckon uuto him
+the money in proportion to the years that re-
+main, until the year of the jubilee, and it
+shall be deducted from the estimation.
+
+19 And if he that sanctified the field will
+redeem it, then shall he add the fifth part of
+the money of the estimated value unto it, and
+it shall be assured to him.
+
+20 But if he will not redeem the field, or
+if he" have sold the field to another man, it
+shall not be redeemed any more.
+
+21 But the field, when it is freed in tlie
+
+' This means only domestic animals, cattle proper, the
+ox, sheep, and goat; for these only could be sacriticod.
+
+'' " If a man said, The leg of this shall be a burnt-oifer-
+ing, his words were valid, and it was sold for the purposes
+of the burnt-ofl'ering, and all the proceeds were prof^me
+property, with the exception of the value of that limb."- — •
+K.vsHi.
+
+
+jubilee, shall be holy unto the Lord, as a de-
+voted field : to the priest shall it belong as his
+possession.*
+
+22 And if a man sanctify a field which he
+hath bought, wliich is not of the fields of his
+possession, unto the Lord:
+
+23 Then shall the priest reckon unto him
+the amount of the estimated value to the year
+of the jubilee; and he shall give this estima-
+tion on that day, as a holy thing unto the
+Lord.
+
+24 In the year of the jubilee the field shall
+return unto him of whom he bought it, to the
+one to whom belongeth the possession of the
+land.
+
+25 And all estimations of value shall be
+according to the shekel of the sanctuaiy;
+twenty gerahs shall be the shekel.
+
+26 Only the first-born which shall, bj- be-
+ing first born, Ije sacred unto the Lord among
+cattle, no man shall sanctify ;'' w'hether it be
+ox, or lamb, it is the Lord's.
+
+27 And if it be an unclean animal, then
+shall he I'edeem it according to the estimated
+value, and he shall add its fifth part thereto ;
+and if it be not redeemed, then shall it be
+sold accoi'ding to the estimated value.
+
+28 But any devoted thing, which a man
+may devote unto the Lord of all that he hath,
+both of man and beast, and of the field of his
+possession, shall not be sold nor redeemed :
+every devoted thing is most holy unto the
+Lord.*
+
+29 Any one condemned,^ who shall be con-
+demned to death amone men, shall not be re-
+deemed: he shall be put to death.
+
+30 And every tithe of the land, of the
+seed of the land, or of the fruit of the tree,
+belongeth to the Lord: it is holy unto the
+Lord.
+
+31 And if a man will redeem any part of
+his tithe, its fifth part shall he add thereto.*
+
+32 And concerning the tithe of the herds,
+or of the flocks, whatsoever passeth under the
+rod,' the tenth shall be holy unto the Lord.
+
+33 He shall not search whether it be good
+or bad, neither shall he change it : and if he
+
+
+° i. e. The treasurer of the sanctuary.
+
+■* For the purpose of sacrifice, it being sacred by its
+birth.
+
+' According to Rashi's commentary; and it says that
+the offering of the above valuations for the life of a con-
+demned criminal shall be of no avail.
+
+' "When he comes to tithe them, he causes them to go
+
+
+NUMBERS I. BEMIDBAR.
+
+
+should change it, then both it and the ex-
+change thereof shall be holy ; it shall not be
+redeemed.
+
+34 These are the commandments, which
+
+
+the Lord commanded Moses for the childrei/
+of Israel on mount Sinai.
+
+Ilaphtorah in Jeremiah xvi. 19 to xvii. 14.
+
+Haphtorali for Sabbath Haggadole in Mahxcbi iii. 4 tu 24.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF NUMBERS,
+
+BEMIDBAR, nm03.
+CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF THE ISRAELITES IN THE DESERT.
+
+
+SECTION XXXIV. BEMIDBAR, -im03.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses in
+the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of
+the congregation, on the first day of the
+second month, in the second year after their
+going out of the land of Egypt, saying,
+
+2 Take ye the sum of all the congregation
+of tlie children of Israel, after their families,
+by the descent from their fathers," by num-
+bering the names,* every male according to
+their polls;
+
+3 From twenty years old and upward, all
+that are able to go forth to war in Israel:
+these shall ye number according to their
+armies, thou and Aaron.
+
+4 And with you there shall be one man
+each of every tribe ; a man who is the head
+of his fiimily division.
+
+5 And these are the names of the men
+that shall stand with you; of Reiiben: Elizur
+the son of Shedeiir.
+
+6 Of Simeon : Shelumiijl the son of Zuri-
+shaddai.
+
+7 Of Judah : Nachshon the son of 'Ammi-
+nadab.
+
+
+through a doorway, one after the other, and the tenth he
+strikes with a rod having paint on it, that the animal may
+be recognised as the tithe; and so was done to the lambs
+and calves of every year." — R.\SHr.
+
+* So Rashi explains the term 3X n'3 "family descent
+reckoned from the father." But generally it is nearly
+.synonymous with the word nnsiyo family, and it may be
+renden'd "family division," or " branch," and is conse-
+quently a subdivision of "family," which itself is less than
+" tribe " In other instances 3X n"3 appears the major,
+nnatyo the lesser division. But in reality it means at
+166
+
+
+8 Of Issachar : Nethanel the son of Zuar.
+
+9 OfZebulun: Eliiib the son of Chelon.
+
+10 Of the children of Joseph, of Ephraim:
+Elishama the son of 'Ammihud ; of Menasseh :
+Gamlitil the son of Pedahzur.
+
+11 Of Benjamin : Abidan the son of Gidoui.
+
+12 Of Dan: Achiezer the son of 'Ammi-
+shaddai.
+
+13 Of Asher: Pagiel the son of 'Ochran.
+
+14 Of Gad: Elyassaph the son of Deiiel.
+
+15 Of Naphtali: Achira the son of 'Enaii.
+
+16 These were tlie selected" of the congre-
+gation, the princes of the tribes of their
+fathers ; the heads of the thousands'' of Israel
+were they.
+
+17 And Moses and Aaron took these men
+who are expr-essed by name :
+
+18 And all the congregation they assem-
+bled together on the first day of tlie second
+month, and they were enrolled in the lists of
+their pedigrees after their families, by the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and upward,
+according to their polls.
+
+19 As the Lord had commanded Moses, so
+did he number them in the wilderness of
+Sinai.*
+
+last only those who have a common ancestry; hence it
+will be found variously rendered, to prevent the too fre-
+quent repetition of the same term.
+
+''"With the number of their names." — Eyicflish ver-
+sion.
+
+° 'xnp "the called," from xip "to call;" hence, those
+called to the meetings of the chiefs, the srkchncn, repre-
+sentatives; and so it is rendered elsewhere.
+
+'' Philippson translates 'sha not with "thousands," but
+with "families," as synonymous with 's^hn in Genesis
+x.xxvi. 4y.
+
+
+NUMBERS I. BEMIDBAR.
+
+
+20 ^ And there were of the children of
+Reiiljen the first-born of Israel, by their gene-
+rations, after their iamilies, by the descent from
+their lathers, hy nunil)eriug the names, ac-
+cording to their polls, every male from twenty
+years old and npward, all that were aljle to
+go forth to war;
+
+21 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Reuben, were forty and six thousand and
+five hundred.
+
+22 ][ Of the" children of Simeon, hy their
+generations, after their families, by the de-
+scent from their lathers, those that were
+numbered of them, by numbei'ing the names,
+according to their polls, every male from
+twenty 3'ears old and upward, all that were
+able to go forth to war ;
+
+23 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Simeon, were fifty and nine thousand and
+three hundred.
+
+24 ^[ Of the children of Gad, by their gene-
+rations, after their families, by the descent
+from their fathers, by numbering the names,
+from twenty years old and upAvard, all that
+were able to go forth to war ;
+
+25 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Gad, were forty and five thou.sand six hun-
+dred and fifty.
+
+26 ^ Of the children of Judah, by their
+generations, after their fiimilies, hy the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and upward,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+27 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Judah, were seventy and four thousand
+and six hundred.
+
+28 ][ Of the children of Issachar, by their
+generations, after their families, by the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and upward,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+29 Those that wei'e numljered of the tribe
+of Issachar, were fifty and lour thousand and
+four hundred.
+
+30 ][ Of the children of Zebulun, by their
+generations, after their families, by the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and upward,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+
+* The 1 prefixed to each name must be taken in the
+Bense of "of," as though it read, " there were of the sons
+nf Simeon, &c., those that were nnuiborcd, fifty and nine
+thousand and three hundred," &e.
+
+
+31 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Zebulun, were fifty and seven thousand
+and four hundred.
+
+32 ^ Of the children of Joseph, namely, of
+the children of Ephraim, by their generations,
+after their families, by the descent from their
+fathers, by numbering the names, from twenty
+years old and upward, all that were able to
+go forth to war;
+
+33 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Ephraim, were forty thousand and five
+hundred.
+
+34 ^ Of the children of Menasseh, by their
+generations, after their families, by the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and upward,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+35 Those that were numbered of the trilte
+of Menasseh, were thirty and two thousand
+and two himdred.
+
+36 ][ Of the children of Benjamin, by their
+generations, after their families, by tlie de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and upward,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+37 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Benjamin, were thirty and five thousand
+and four hundred.
+
+38 T[ Of the children of Dan, by their
+generations, after their families, by the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and upward,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+39 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Dan, were sixty and two thousand and
+seven hundred.
+
+40 ][ Of the children of Asher, by their
+generations, after their families, by the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and npward,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+41 Those that were numbered of the trilie
+of Asher, were forty and one thousand and
+five hundred.
+
+42 T[ Of the children of Naphtali, by their
+generations, after their families, by the de-
+scent from their fathers, by numbering the
+names, from twenty years old and lunvard,
+all that were able to go forth to war;
+
+43 Those that were numbered of the tribe
+of Naphtali, Avere fifty and three thousand
+and four hundred.
+
+44 ^ These are those that were numbered,
+
+whom Moses nimibered Avith Aaron, and the
+
+157
+
+
+NUMBEES I. II. BEMIDBAR.
+
+
+princes of Israel, being twelve men : one man
+each for his family division were they.
+
+45 Thus were all those that were numbered
+of the children of Israel, by the descent from
+their fathers, from twenty years old and up-
+ward, all that were able to go forth to war in
+Israel, —
+
+46 Even all they that were numbered,
+were six hundred thousand and three thou-
+sand and iive hundred and fifty.
+
+47 But the Levites, after the tribe of their
+fathers, were not numbered among them.
+
+48 T[ For^ the Lord had spoken unto
+Moses, saying,
+
+49 Only the tribe of Levi shalt thou not
+number, and their sum shalt thou not take,
+among the children of Israel ;
+
+50 But thou shalt appoint the Levites over
+the tabernacle of the testimon}', and over all its
+vessels, and over all things that belong to it:
+they shall carry the tabernacle, and all its
+vessels; and they shall minister unto it; and
+round about the tabernacle shall they en-
+camp.
+
+51 And when the tabernacle is to be car-
+ried forward, the Levites shall take it doA\'n ;
+and when the tabernacle is to be pitched, the
+Levites shall set it up : and the stranger'' that
+cometh nigh shall be put to death.
+
+52 And the children of Israel shall pitch"^
+their tents, every man by his own camp, and
+every man by his own standard, according to
+their armies.
+
+53 But the Levites shall encamp round
+al)out the tabernacle of the testimony, that
+there be no wrath upon the congregation of
+the children of Israel : and the Levites shall
+keep the charge of the tabernacle of the testi-
+mony.
+
+54 And the children of Israel did so : all.
+just as the Lord had commanded Moses, so
+did they.*
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 Tf And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unt« Aaron, saying,
+
+2 Every man by his own standard, by the
+ensigns of their family division, shall the chil-
+dren of Israel pitch their tent: at some dis-
+
+" /. c The not, mimboring of the Levites among the other
+~ons of Israel was owing to a previous command that
+they should not be reckoned among them for secular
+
+
+tance round about the tabernacle of the con
+gregation shall they encamp.
+
+3 And they, who encamp on the east, to-
+ward the rising of the sun, shall be (tho.se
+who belong to) the standard of the camp of
+Judah according to their armies : and the
+prince of the children of Judah shall he Nacli-
+shon the son of 'Amminadab.
+
+4 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered of them, were seventy and four thou-
+sand and six hundred.
+
+5 And those that encamp next unto him
+shall be the tribe of Issachar : and the prince
+of the children of Issachar shall be Nethanel
+the son of Zuar.
+
+6 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered thereof, were fifty and four thousand
+and four hundred.
+
+7 (Then) the tribe of Zebulun : and the
+prince of the children of Zebulun shall be
+Eliab the son of Chelon.
+
+8 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered thereof, were fifty and seven thousand
+and four hundred.
+
+9 All that were numbered of the camp of
+Judah were one hundred thousand and eighty
+thousand and six thousand and four hundred,
+according to their armies : they shall first set
+ibrward.
+
+10 T[ The standard of the camp of Eeiiben
+shall be on the south side, according to their
+armies : and the prince of the children of
+Beiil^en shall be Elizur the son of Shedeiir.
+
+11 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered thereof, were forty and six thousand
+and five liundred.
+
+12 And those that encamp by him shall be
+the tribe of Simeon : and the prince of the
+children of Simeon shall be Shelumiel the son
+of Zurishaddai.
+
+13 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered of them, Avere fifty and nine thousand
+and three hundred.
+
+14 Then the trilje of Gad : and the prince
+of the sons of Gad shall be Elyassaph the son
+of Reiiel.
+
+15 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered of them, were forty and five thousand
+and six hundred and fifty.
+
+
+[lurposes.
+
+
+168
+
+
+'• The word 11 used here and elsewhere, signifies "one
+strange in the matter specified;" here, therefore, any one
+of Israel who is not a Levite.
+
+° Lit. " Shall encamp."
+
+
+NUMBERS II. III. BEMIDBAR.
+
+
+16 All tliiit were numbered of the camji
+of Reiiben were one hundred thousand and
+fifty and one thousand and four hundred and
+fifty, according to their armies; and as the
+second shall they set forward.
+
+17 T[ Then shall the tabernacle of the con.
+gregation, the camp of the Levites, set for-
+Avard in the midst of the camps : as they
+encamp, so shall they set forward, every man
+in his place after their standards.
+
+18 *[\ The standard of the camp of Ephraim
+shall be on the west side, according to their
+armies : and the prince of the sons of Ephraim
+shall be Elishama the son of "Anunihud.
+
+19 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered of them, were forty thousand and five
+hundred.
+
+20 And by him shall be the tribe of Me-
+nasseh; and the prince of the children of Me-
+nasseh shall be Gamliel the son of Pedahzur.
+
+21 And his host, and those that were num-
+1 lered of them, were thirty and two thousand
+and two hundred.
+
+22 Then the tribe of Benjamin: and the
+prince of the sons of Benjamin shall be Abi-
+dau the son of Gidoui.
+
+23 And his host, and those that Avere num-
+bered of them, were thirty and five thousand
+and four hundred.
+
+24 All that were numbered of the camp
+of Ephraim were one hundred thousand and
+eight thousand and one hundred, according
+to their armies ; and as the third shall they
+set forward.
+
+25 ^ The standard of the camp of Dan
+shall be on the north side, according to their
+armies : and the prince of the children of
+Dan shall be Achiezer the son of 'Ammi-
+shaddai.
+
+26 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered of them, were sixty and two thousand
+and seven hundred.
+
+27 And those that encamp by him shall
+be the ti'ibe of Asher : and the jirince of the
+children of Asher shall be Pagiel the son of
+
+Ochran.
+
+28 And his host, and those that Avere num-
+bered of them, were forty and one thousand
+and five hundred.
+
+29 Then the tribe of Naphtali : and the
+
+* This would seem to indicate that each tribe had its
+separate banner, besides the general division-standards of
+JuJah, Reiiben, Ephraim, and Dan.
+
+
+prince of the cliildren of Naphtali shall lie
+Achira the son of 'Enan .
+
+30 And his host, and those that were num-
+bered of them, A\ere fifty and three thousand
+and four hundred.
+
+31 All those that were numbered of the
+camp of Dan were one hundred thousand and
+fifty and seven thousand and six hundred ;
+the hindmost shall they set forward according
+to their standards."
+
+32 ^[ These are those that were numbered
+of the children of Israel according to their
+family divisions : and all those that were num-
+bered of the camps, according to their armies,
+were six hundred thousand and three thou-
+sand and five hundred and fifty.
+
+33 But the Levites were not numbered
+among the children of Israel ; as the Lord
+had commanded Moses.
+
+34 And the childi'en of Israel did all just
+as the Lord had commanded Moses, so did
+the}- encamp by their standards, and so did
+they set forward every one after his family, by
+his division.*
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 *\\ And these are the generations of Aaron
+and Moses, on the day that the Lord spoke
+with Moses on mount Sinai.
+
+2 And these are the names of the sons of
+Aaron : the first-born Nadab, and Abihu, ELo-
+zar, and Ithamar.
+
+3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron,
+the priests that ^ycYQ anointed, who were con-
+secrated to minister as priests.
+
+4 And Nadab and Abihu died before the
+Lord, when they offered a strange fire before
+the Lord, in the walderness of Sinai, and they
+had no children : and Elazar and Ithamar
+ministered as priests in the life-time of Aai'on
+their father.
+
+5 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+6 Bring the tribe of Levi near, and present
+the same before Aaron the priest, that they
+may serve him.
+
+7 And they shall keep his charge, and the
+charge of the whole congregation'' before the
+tent of the congregation, to do the service of
+the tabernacle.
+
+
+*" The whole congregation are interested that the duties
+of the sanctuary be well performed ; consequently the
+ministration of the Leyites is doing the work of all Israel.
+
+159
+
+
+NUMBERS III. BEMIDBAR.
+
+
+8 And they shall keep all the vessels of
+the tent of the congregation, and the charge
+of the children of Israel, to do the service of
+the tabernacle.
+
+9 And thou shalt give the Levites unto
+Aaron and to his sons : as associates are" they
+given unto him out of the children of Israel.
+
+10 And Aaron and his sons shalt thou in-
+struct, that they shall guard well their priest's
+office ; and the stranger that cometh nigh
+shall be put to death.
+
+11 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+12 And I, behold, I have taken the Levites
+from the midst of the children of Israel in-
+stead of every first-born that openeth the
+womb among the children of Israel ; and the
+Levites shall be mine.
+
+13 Because mine is every first-born; on
+the day when I smote every first-born in the
+land of Egypt I hallowed unto me every first-
+born in Israel, both man and beast: mine
+shall they be; I am the Lord.*
+
+14 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses in
+the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
+
+15 Number the children of Levi after their
+divisions, by their famihes; every male of
+them from a month old and upward shalt
+thou number.
+
+16 And Moses numbered them according
+to the order of the Lord, as he had been
+commanded.
+
+17 And these were the sons of Levi by
+their names : Gershon, and Kehath, and Me-
+rari.
+
+18 And these are the names of the sons
+of Gershon after their families : Libni, and
+Sliimi.
+
+19 And the sons of Kehath after their
+families : 'Amram, and Yizhar, Chebron, and
+'Uzziel.
+
+20 And the sons of Merari after their fa-
+milies : Machli, and Mushi ; these are the
+fiimilios of the Levites accoi'ding to their
+family divisions.
+
+21 Of Gershon : the family of the Libnites,
+and the family of the Shimites ; these are the
+families of the Gershunites.
+
+22 Those that were numbered of them, by
+the numbering of all the males from a month
+
+
+' After Arnhcim, who takos the first Djm: as a predi-
+frate of tho Levites; and means tlien that (iiey are ap-
+pointed DJirU "associates" in the priest's ollicc
+160
+
+
+old and upward, even those that were num-
+bered of them, were seven thousand and i\ve
+hundred.
+
+2.3 The families of the Gershunites used to
+encamp laehind the tabernacle, westward.
+
+24 And the prince of the family division
+of the Gershunites was Elyassaph the sou of
+Lael.
+
+25 And the cliarge of the sons of Gershon
+in the tabernacle of the congregation was the
+taljernacle and the tent, its covering, and the
+hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the
+congregation,
+
+26 And the hangings of the court, and
+the curtain for the door of the court, which is
+by the taljernacle and by the altar, round
+about, and its cords for all the service thereof
+
+27 T[ And of Kehath : the family of the
+'Amramites, and the family of the Yizharites,
+and the family of the Chebronites, and the
+iamily of the 'Uzzielites; these are the families
+of the Kehathites.
+
+28 By the numbering of all the males,
+from a month old and upward, they were
+eight thousand and six hundred, keeping the
+charge of the sanctuary.
+
+29 The families of the sons of Kehath used
+to encamp on the side of the tabernticle,
+southward.
+
+30 And the prince of the division of the
+families of the Kehathites was Elizaphan the
+son of 'Uzziel.
+
+31 And their charge was the ark, and the
+table, and the candlestick, and the altars, and
+the vessels of the sanctuary which are used
+for the service, and the vail, and all belonging
+tliereto.
+
+32 And the chief over the princes of the
+Levites was Elazar the son of Aaron the
+priest, having the oversight of those that
+kept the charge of the sanctuary.
+
+33 Of Merari : the family of the MachUtes,
+and the family of the Mushites; these ai'e
+the families of Merari.
+
+34 And those that were numbered of them,
+by the numbering of all the males, from a
+month old and upward, were six thousand
+and two hundred.
+
+35 And the chief of the division of the
+families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abi-
+chayil : they used to encaiup on the side of
+the tabernacle, northward.
+
+36 And under tbe custody and cliarge of the
+sons of Mel ari Aveiv the boards of the tabeniar
+
+
+NUMBERS III. IV. BEMIDBAR.
+
+
+cle, and its bars, and its pillars, and its sockets,
+and all its vessels, and all that belongeth
+thereto,
+
+37 And the pillars of the court round
+about, and their sockets, and their pins, and
+their cords.
+
+38 But those that encamped before the ta^
+bernacle toward the east, e\'en before the
+tabernacle of the congregation toward the
+rising of the sun, were Moses, and Aaron, and
+his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary
+for the charge of the children of Israel ; and
+the stranger that came nigh was to be put to
+death.
+
+39 All that were numbered of the Levites,
+whom Moses numbered with Aaron, at the
+order of tlie Lord, according to their fami-
+lies, all the males from a month old and up-
+ward, were twenty and two' thousand."^'
+
+40 *i\ And the Lord said unto Moses, Num-
+ber all the first-born males of the children of
+Israel from a month old and upward, and
+take the number of their names.
+
+41 And thou shalt take the Levites for
+me,'' I am the Lord, instead of all the firsts
+born among the children of Israel ; and the
+cattle of the Levites instead of all the first-
+born among the cattle of the children of Israel.
+
+4:^ And Moses numbered, as the Lord had
+commanded him, all the first-born among the
+children of Israel.
+
+43 And aU the first>boru males, by the
+numbering of the names, from a month old
+and upward, of those that were numbered of
+them, were twenty and two thousand two
+hundred and seventy and three.
+
+44 ^1" And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ino"
+
+45 Take the Levites instead of all the first-
+born among the children of Israel, and the
+cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle;
+and the Levites shall be mine : I am the Lord."
+
+46 And (for) those that are to be redeem-
+ed, the two hundred and seventy and three
+of the first-born of the cliildren of Israel, wdio
+are more than the Levites,
+
+' Which Aben Ezra comments on, "beside three hun-
+dred first-born among them, as these did not redeem the
+fii-st-born of Israel."
+
+'' Mendelssohn renders "unto me the Lord;" but it
+seems to be the phrase frequently found by positive enact-
+ments or prohibitions, and means to declare that they are
+the authoritative injunctions of the great SoYcreign, wliich
+is the only reason assigned for their enactment.
+
+V
+
+
+47 Thou shalt take five shekels apiece for
+the poll; after the shekel of the sanctuary
+shalt thou take, twenty gerahs to the shekel ;
+
+48 And thou shalt give unto Aaron and to
+his sons the money, (lor) those who are to Ije
+redeemed of those that are over the number
+of them.
+
+49 And Moses took the redemption-money
+of those that were over in number above those
+who were redeemed Ity the Levites :
+
+50 Of the first-born of the children of Israel
+did he take the money; a thousand three
+hundred and sixty and five shekels, after the
+shekel of the sanctuary.
+
+51 And Moses gave the money of those
+wdio were redeemed unto Aaron and unto his
+sons, by the order of the Lord; as the Lord
+had commanded Moses.*
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+imto Aaron, saying,
+
+2 Take the sum of the sons of Kehath
+from among the sons of Levi, after their fami-
+lies, by their divisions,
+
+3 From thirty 3ears old and upward even
+luitil fifty years old, all that are fitted for the
+service,'* to do work at the taljernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+4 This shall be the service of the sons of
+Kehath at the tabernacle of the congregation:
+The most holy things.
+
+5 And iVaron shall come with his sons,
+when the camp setteth forward, and they
+shall take down the vail of the separation,
+and cover therewith the ark of the testimony;
+
+6 And the}- shall [)ut over it a covering of
+badgers' skins, and they shall sjjread over all
+a cloth wholly of blue (woollen yarn), and
+they shall put in its staves."
+
+7 And over the table of the showbread
+shall they spread a cloth of blue, and put
+thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the
+tubes, and the staves of the covering; and the
+continual bread shall be thereon:
+
+8 And they shall spread over them a cloth
+
+" "Me the Lord." — Mendel.ssoun.
+
+''After Mendelssohn; lit., "That enter the ai'uiy" or
+"host," (■. e. of those who do the service at the taber-
+nacle, or those who are from thirty to fifty years ot
+age.
+
+" L c. In the rings fitted for their reception.
+
+' /. (. The bread which is to be always upon the
+table.
+
+161
+
+
+NUMBERS IV. NAHSSO.
+
+
+of scarlet, and cover the same with a covering
+of badgers' slvins; and they shall put in its
+staves.
+
+9 And they shall take a cloth of 1)1 ue, and
+cover the candlestick of the lighting, and its
+lamps, and its tongs, and its snuft-dishes, and
+all the oil-vessels thereof, wherewith they
+minister by it :
+
+10 And they shall put it and all its vessels
+within a covering of badgers' skins, and they
+shall put it upon a barrow.
+
+11 And over the golden altar shall they
+spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a
+covering of badgers' skins ; and they shall put
+in its staves.
+
+12 And they shall take all the vessels of
+the service, wherewith they minister in the
+sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue,
+and cover them with a covering of badgers'
+skins; and they shall put them on a barrow.
+
+13 And they shall take away the ashes
+from the altar, and spread over it a cloth of
+purple ;
+
+14 And they shall put upon it all its ves-
+sels, wherewith they minister upon it, the
+fire-pans, the forks, and the shovels, and the
+basins, all the vessels of the altar; and they
+shall spread over it a covering of- badgers'
+skins, and put in its staves.
+
+15 And when Aaron and his sons have
+thus made an end of covering the sanctuarj^,
+and all the vessels of the sanctuary, when the
+camp is to set forward : then shall, after that,
+the sons of Kehath come to carry it; but
+they shall not touch any holy thing, lest they
+die; these are the things which the sons of
+Kehath are to carry at the tabernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+16 And under the supervision of Elazar
+the son of Aaron the jiriest shall be the oil for
+the lighting, and the incense of spices, and
+the daily meat-offering, and the anointing-oil ;
+the supervision of all the tabernacle, and of
+all that is therein, over the sanctuary, and
+over its vessels.* *
+
+17 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, saying,
+
+18 Do ye" not cause the tribe of the fami-
+lies of the Kehathites to be cut off from among
+the Levites ;
+
+
+" This is an injunction to the chief superintendent of
+thf sanctuary not to allow those who arc to be engaged in
+carrying it, to touch it in any wise before it is time, for
+162
+
+
+19 But thus do unto them, that they may
+live, and not die, when they approach unto
+the most holy things: Aaron and his sons
+shall go in, and appoint them, every one, to
+his service and to his burden ;
+
+20 That they may not go in to see when
+the holy things are covered, and die.
+
+Ilaphtorah in Hosea ii. 1 to 22.
+
+
+SECTION XXXV. NAHSSO, NCI
+
+21 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+lying,
+
+22 Take also the sum of the sons of Ger-
+shon, by their divisions, after their families;
+
+23 From thirty years old and upward until
+fifty years old shalt thou number them ; all
+that are fitted for the service, to do ^\'ork in
+the tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+24 This shall be the service of the families
+of the Gershunites, to serve, and to carry :
+
+25 They shall carry the curtains of the
+tabernacle, and of the tent of the congrega-
+tion, its covering, and the covering of the bad-
+gers' skins that is over it above, and the hang-
+ing for the door of the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation,
+
+20 And the hangings of the court, and the
+hanging for the door of the gate of the court,
+which is by the tabernacle and )jy the altar
+roinid about, and their cords, and all the ves-
+sels of their service; and all that is delivered''
+to them shall they perform.
+
+27 By the order of Aaron and his sons
+shall be all the service of the sons of the Ger-
+shunites, in all their carrying, and in all their
+service : and ye shall designate unto them in
+charge all which they have to carry.
+
+28 This is the service of the families of the
+sons of the (iershunites at the tabernacle of
+the congregation ; and their charge shall be
+under the supervision of Ithamar the son of
+Aaron the priest.
+
+29 ^[ The sons of Merari, shalt thou num-
+ber after their families, by their divisions;
+
+30 From thirty years old and upward, e\en
+until fifty years old, shalt tiiou number them,
+every one that is fitted for the service, to do the
+work of the tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+by this they would incur the penalty of death. Hence
+the great care enjoined here.
+
+" After Onkclos, who renders ntyj?' in the sense "to be
+
+
+NUMBEES IV. V. NAHSSO.
+
+
+31 And this is wliat is confided to tlicm to
+oarry, regarding all their service at the taber-
+uable of the congregation : The boards ot tlie
+tabernacle, and its bars, and its pillars, and
+its sockets,
+
+32 And tlie pillars of the court round
+about, and tlieir sockets, and their pins, and
+their cords, with all tlieir instruments, and
+all which belongeth thereto; and by name
+shall ye designate (to them) the vessels which
+are confided to them to carry.
+
+33 This is the service of the families of the
+sons of Merari, regarding all their service, at
+the tabernacle of the congregation, under the
+supervision of Ithamar the son of Aaron, the
+priest.*
+
+34 And Moses with Aaron and the princes
+of the congregation numbered the sons of tlie
+Kehathites after their tamilies, and after their
+divisions,
+
+35 From thirty years old and upward, even
+imtil fifty years old, every one that was fitted
+for the service, for the work at the tabernacle
+of the congregation.
+
+36 And those that were numbered of them
+after their families were two thousand seven
+hundred and fifty.
+
+37 These were they that were numbered
+of the families of the Kehathites, all that
+could do service at the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation, whom Moses with Aaron numl^ered
+by the order of the Lokd through tlie hand
+of Moses.*
+
+38 ^ And those that were numbered of
+the sons of Gershou, after their families, and
+after their divisions,
+
+39 From thirty years old and upward,
+even until fifty years old, every one that was
+fitted for the service, for the work at the
+tabernacle of the congregation,
+
+40 Even those that Avere numljered of
+them, after their families, after their divi-
+sions, were two thousand and six hundred
+and thirty.
+
+41 These are they that were numbered of
+the families of the sons of Gershou, all that
+could do service at the tabernacle of the con-
+
+
+made over," or "assigued." Others render, ''and what-
+ever is to be done thereon."
+
+* Perliaps referring to the priests, for they, being Le-
+vites, were also numbered with the other Kehathites.
+Rashi refers it to the music- and singing, which devolved
+uu the Levit/;s. Jonathan has, '• the service of watching."
+
+
+gregation, whom Moses with Aaron numbered
+by the order of the Lord.
+
+42 And those that were numbered of the
+families of the sons of Merari. after their I'auii-
+hes, after their divisions,
+
+43 From thirty jears old and upward,
+even until fifty years old, every one that was
+fitted for the service, lor the work at the
+tabernacle of the congregation,
+
+44 Even those that were numbered of
+them after their families, were three thousand
+and two hundred.
+
+45 These are those thatw'ere numbered of
+the tamilies of the sons of Meraii, whom
+Moses with Aaron numbered Ijy the order of
+the Lord through the hand of Moses.
+
+46 All those that were numbered of the
+Levites, whom Moses with Aaron and the
+chiefs of Israel numl)ered, after their families,
+and after their divisions,
+
+47 From thirty years old and upward,
+even until fifty years old, every one that
+came to do the service of the ministry," and
+the service of the carrying at the tabernacle
+of the congregation,
+
+48 Even those that were iiuml)ered of
+them, were eight thousand and five hundred
+and eighty.
+
+49 By the order of the Lord through the
+hand of Moses, did he ajjpoint'' them, every
+one to his proper service, and to his proper
+carrying: and they were numbered, as the
+Lord had commanded Moses.*
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+in o*
+
+2 Command the children of Israel, that
+they send out of the camp every leper, and
+every one that hath an issue, and whosoever
+is defiled by tlie dead :
+
+3 Both male and female shall ye send out,
+to without the camp shall ye send them; that
+they defile nOt their camps, in the midst
+whereof I dwell.
+
+4 And the children of Israel did so, and
+they sent them out to without the camp: as
+
+Aben Ezra comments, "to raise the tabernacle, to make
+the bread, to slay (^the sacrifices,) and to watch."
+
+'' The different versions of the word nps in this passage
+are according to Mendelssohn; still, "appointing'' is lite-
+rally a "counting off" of nil those arc to do a certain
+
+work together.
+
+16:3
+
+
+NUMBERS V. NAHSSO.
+
+
+the Lord had spoken unto Moses, so did the
+children of Israel.
+
+5 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+G Speak unto the children of Israel, If any
+man or woman commit any sin against a fel-
+lo\s"-mau, thereby doing a trespass against the
+Lord, and this person thus become guilty :
+
+7 Then shall they" confess their sin which
+the}^ have committed; and he shall make
+restitution for his trespass with the principal
+thereof, and its fifth part shall he add thereto,
+and give it unto him against whom he hath
+trespassed.''
+
+8 But if the man have no kinsman to
+whom restitution could be made for the tres-
+pass, then shall the trespass which is restored
+unto the Lord, belong to the priest; besides
+the ram of the atonement, whereby an atone-
+ment shall be made for him.
+
+9 And every oflering of all the holy things
+of the children of Israel, which they bring
+unto the priest, shall be his.
+
+10 And every man's hallowed things shall
+be his:'^ whatsoever any man giveth to the
+priest, shall Ijelong to him.*
+
+11 ][ And the Lord spoke imto Moses,
+saying,^
+
+12 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them, If the wife of any man go
+aside, and commit a trespass against him,
+
+13 And a man lie with her carnally, and
+it be hidden from the eyes of her husband,
+because she hath been secretly defiled; and
+there be no witness against her, and she have
+not been detected in the fact;
+
+14 And the sjjirit of jealousy come over
+him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she
+have been defiled; or the spirit of jealousy
+come over him, and he be jealous of his wife,
+and she have not been defiled :
+
+15 Then shall the man bring his wife unto
+the priest, and he shall bring her offering for
+her, the tenth part of an ephali of barley-
+meal; he shall not pour any oil upon it, nor
+
+^ Tlic nipid change here from the singular to the plural,
+is a peculiarity in Hebrew, easily understood, and has
+been noticed before.
+
+*' i. c. If he should be living; but if dead, to his near
+relatives. This will explain the succeeding verse, where
+a person is spoken of who leaves no one authorized to
+claim his property.
+
+° A man has the right to bestow the gifts of the priest-
+hood on whomsoever he pleases, although he cannot use
+161
+
+
+put any frankincense thereupon; for it is a
+meat-offering of jealousy, a meat-offering of
+memorial, Ijringing iniquity to remembrance.
+
+16 And the jjriest shall Ijring her near,
+and place her before the Lord;
+
+17 And the priest shall take holy water''
+in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is
+on the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall
+take, and put it into the water;
+
+18 And the priest shall jjlace the woman
+before the Lord, and uncover the woman's
+head, and put upon her hands the meat-offer-
+ing of memorial, it is the mea1>offering of
+jealousy; and in the hand of the priest
+shall be the bitter waters that bring the
+curse.
+
+19 And the priest shall charge her by an
+oath, and he shall sa}' unto the woman. If no
+man have lain Avith thee, and if thou hast
+not gone aside to uncleanness behind thy hus-
+band: then be thou free from these bitter
+waters that bring the curse.
+
+20 But if thou hast gone aside behind thy
+husband, and if thou hast been defiled, and
+some man have lain with thee besides thy
+husband : — "
+
+21 And the priest shall charge the woman
+with an oath of imprecation, and the priest
+shall s;i^ unto the woman, The Lord then
+make thee a curse and an oath among thy
+people, when the Lord doth cause thy thigh
+to fall away, and thy belly to swell;
+
+22 And these waters that bring the curse
+shall go into thy bowels, to cause the belly to
+swell, and the tliigh to fall away; and the
+woman shall sa}'. Amen, amen.
+
+23 And the priest shall write these curses
+on a roll, and he shall blot them out with the
+bitter waters.
+
+24 And he shall cause the woman to drink
+the bitter waters tlmt bring the curse; and
+the waters that bring the curse shall enter
+into her for bitterness.
+
+25 And the priest shall take out of the
+woman's hand the meat^olTering of jealousy,
+
+
+them himself No individual priest has any claim on any
+Israelite for the sacred things; but when once parted
+with, then are they the priest's in lull riiilit.
+
+"" ('. ('. That which has been sanctitie(l in the laver.
+The preparation of the bitter waters as here described, of
+the meanest materials in a mean vessel, was to typify the
+abhorrence of incest in the estimation of the Lord.
+
+° Here the idea breaks off, and is resumed in the next
+verse at the words, "The Lord then make thee."
+
+
+^1
+
+
+NUMBERS V. VI. NAHSSO.
+
+
+and he shall wave the meat-offering before
+the Lord, and bring it near to the altar:
+
+26 And the priest shall take a handful
+from the meat-offering, as its memorial, and
+burn it upon the altar, and after that shall he
+cause the woman to drink the water.
+
+27 And when he hath made her drink the
+water, then shall it come to pass, if she have
+been defiled, and have committed a trespass
+against her husband, that the waters that bring
+the curse shall enter into her, for bitterness,
+and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall
+fall away ; and the woman shall become a
+curse among her people.
+
+28 And if the woman have not been de-
+fded, but be clean : then shall she remain un-
+harmed, and she shall conceive seed.
+
+29 This is the law of jealousies, when a
+woman goeth aside behind lier husl:)and, and
+hath been defiled ;
+
+30 Or when the spirit of jealousy cometh
+over liim, and he be jealous of his wife ;'' and
+he shall place the woman before the Lord,
+and the priest shall do unto her altogether
+according to this law.
+
+31 And the man shall be guiltless from
+iniquity; but this woman shall bear her ini-
+rpiity.''
+
+CHAPTER VL
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke imto Moses, say-
+
+2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them, "When either man or woman
+pronounce an especial vow, the vow of a Na-
+zarite, to be abstinent in honour of the Lord :
+
+3 Then shall he abstain from wine and
+strong drink, vinegar of wine, or vinegar of
+strong drink shall he not drink, and any
+infusion of grapes shall he not drink, and
+grapes, fresh or dried, shall he not eat.
+
+4 All the days of his abstinence shall he
+eat nothing that is made of the grape-vine,
+from the kernels even to the husk.
+
+5 All the days of the vow of his abstinence
+no razor shall pass over his head : until the
+days be completed, in which he abstaineth in
+honour of the Lord, shall he be holy, letting
+grow untouched the hair of his head.
+
+
+' Here is evidently understood, " And she hath not
+been defiled." — Arnheim.
+
+" Even if he should have exposed her without full
+cause to the above disgraceful procedure ; since, if it was
+
+
+6 All the days of his abstinence in honour
+of the Lord shall he not come near any dead
+body.
+
+7 On his father, or on his mother, on his
+brother, or on his sister, shall he not make
+himself unclean, when they die; because the
+consecration of his God is upon his head.
+
+8 All the days of his al)stinence is he holy
+unto the Lord.
+
+9 And if some one die very suddenly by
+him, and he thus defile his consecrated head :
+then shall he shave his head on the day of his
+being cleansed, on the seventh day shall he
+shave it.
+
+10 And on the eighth day shall he In-ing
+two turtle-doves, or two 3'oung pigeons, to the
+l)riest, to the door of the taljernacle of the
+congregation :
+
+11 And tlie priest shall prepare the one
+for a sin-offering, and the otiier for a burnt-
+offering, and make an atonement for him, Iw-
+cause he hatli sinned through the dead; and
+he shall hallow'' his head on that same day.
+
+12 And he shall consecrate unto the Lord
+(again) the days of his altstinence, and he
+shall bring a sheep of the first year for a tres-
+pass-offering ; but the prior days shall not be
+counted, because his consecration liath ])een
+defiled.
+
+13 And this is the law of tiie Nazarite :
+On the day when tlie days of his abstinence
+are completed, sliall he present himself at the
+door of the tabernacle of the congregation ;
+
+14 And lie sliall luring his offering unto the
+Lord, one male shcej) of the first year witli-
+out blemish Ibi- a burnt-offering, and one ewe
+of the first year without blemish for a sin-
+offering, and one ram without blemish for a
+peace-offering,
+
+15 And a l)asket of unleavened bread,
+cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and un-
+leavened wafers anointed with oil; and their
+meat-offering, and their driuk-oflcrings.
+
+IG And the priest sliall bring them near
+before the Lord, and he shall prepare his
+sin-offering, and his burnt-ofteriiig:
+
+17 And tiie ram sliall he pi"e[>are lor a
+sacrifice of peace-offering unto the Lord, with
+the basket of unleavened bread; and the
+
+
+even an improper levity of conduct, alone, by which she
+has excited his jealousy, she has incurred guilt, and de-
+serves a just punishment. — Arniiei.m.
+
+" !. r. Ooninience anew to let his hair grow.
+
+105
+
+
+NUMBERS VI. VII. NAHSSO.
+
+
+priest shall prepare his iiieat-oft'eriiig and his
+driuk-ofFering.
+
+18 And the Nazarite shall shave at the
+door of the tabernacle of the congregation his
+consecrated head ; and he shall take the hair
+of his consecrated head, and put it on the fire
+which is under the sacrifice of the peace-
+offering.
+
+19 And the priest shall take the shoulder
+of the ram when it is cooked, and one unlea^
+vened cake out of the basket, and one unlea-
+vened wafer, and he shall put them upon the
+hands of the Nazarite, after he hath shaved
+his consecrated (head).
+
+20 And the priest shall make with them a
+waving before the Lord ; it is a holy gift for
+the priest, together with the breast that
+was waved and the shoulder that was lifted
+up :" and after that may the Nazarite drink
+wine.
+
+21 This is the law of the Nazarite who
+hath vowed ; his ofieriug unto the Lord for
+his abstinence, besides that whicji he- may be
+able to give : according to his vow which he
+may vow, so must he do in addition to what
+is required Ijy the law of his abstinence.
+
+22 *\\ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+23 Speak unto Aaron and unto his sons,
+saying, Thus'' shall ye bless the children of
+Israel, saying unto them,
+
+24 ^ The Lord bless thee, and preserve
+thee ;
+
+25 ^f The Lord make his face shine unto
+thee, and be gracious to thee ;
+
+26 ^ The Lord lift up his countenance
+unto thee, and give thee peace.
+
+27 *\\ And they shall put my name" upon
+the children of Israel : and I will bless them.*
+
+' As usual with other peace-offerings.
+
+^ You shall not bless them with a blessing of your
+own, as a man says : May such a good come upon the
+head of that one ; but unto me shall ye pray that I may
+bless them ; as it is said here, " May the Lord bless thee;"
+and F will iiear your voice and bless Israel. — R.vshbam.
+The blessings, however, are not for the bestowal of worlilly
+goods merely ; for they also refer to the Divine grace and
+light, whicli are the greatest good unto man.
+
+° This eitiier means, as Rashi says, that in blessing tlie
+people the priests should pronounce the most holy name
+of the Lord, or that they should, as said already, refer
+the issue of (ivents to God alone, who would bless as might
+seem best in his wisdom.
+
+'' After the altar liad been duly consecrated by the cere-
+monies and sacrifices detailed in their proper places, the
+j)riiices of the congregation volunteered yet more than the
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass on the day that
+Moses had finally set up the tabernacle, and
+had anointed, and sanctified it, and all its ves-
+sels, as also the altar and all its vessels, and
+had anointed them, and sanctified them :
+
+2 That the princes of Israel, the heads of
+their family divisions, who were tlie princes
+of the tribes, tlie same who had superintended
+the numbering, oftered.
+
+3 And they brought their ofiering befoi'e
+the Lord, Six covered wagons, and twelve
+oxen ; a wagon for two princes, and ;ui ox
+for each one : and they presented them be-
+fore the tal^ernacle.
+
+4 And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying,
+
+5 Take it from them, that they may lie
+used to do the service of the tabernacle of the
+congregation ; and thou shalt give them unto
+the Levites, to every man according to his
+service.
+
+6 And Moses took the wagons and the
+oxen, and gave them unto the Levites.
+
+7 Two of the wagons and four of the oxen
+he gave unto the sons of Gershon, according
+to their service :
+
+8 And four of the wagons and eight of the
+oxen he gave unto the sons of Merari, accord-
+ing to their service, under the supervision of
+Ithamar, the son of Aaron the priest.
+
+9 But unto the sons of Kehath he gave
+none ; because the service of the sanctuary
+belonged unto them, they were to bear upon
+their shoulders.
+
+10 The princes also offered for the dedi-
+cating of the altar on the day that it was
+anointed ; and the princes presented their
+ofiering before the altar.''
+
+large gifts bestowed by them fur the erection of the taber-
+nacle, to testify their devotion for the religion which they
+had received. The first offering they brouglit, consisting
+of six covered wagons, with twelve draught oxen, Moses
+would not accept, till he was ordered to do so, and to ap-
+ply them to the use of the Levites. Now the most holy
+things, as the ark, the altars, the table, and the candle-
+stick, were intrusted to the sons of Keiiath ; but as all
+these were to be carried upon the slioulder, no beast of
+burden was assigned to tliem. Diflerent, however, was it
+with those who were charged with the transportation of
+the heavier articles belonging to the tabernacle, to wit,
+the sons (if Gershon, and they received therefore two
+wagons and four oxen, while those who carried tlio
+boards, pillars, and sockets, &c., of the tabernacle and
+j eiiurt, the sons of Merari, obtained four wagons and eight
+I oxen to aid them in their more laborious work. In addi-
+
+
+NUMBERS VTI. NAHSSO.
+
+
+11 And the Lord said unto Moses, One
+prince each on a given day, shall they offer
+their offering, for the dedication of the
+altar*
+
+12 T[ Anil he that offered his offering on
+the first day was Nachshon the son of 'Am-
+minadab, of the tribe of Judah :
+
+13 And his offering was one silver charger,
+the weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine Hour mingled with oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+14 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full
+of incense ;
+
+15 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-offering;
+
+16 One he-goat for a sin-offering;
+
+17 And for a sacrifice of peace-oftering, two
+oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep of
+the first year ; this was the offering of Nach-
+shon the son of 'Amminadab.
+
+18 ^ On the second day Nethanel the son
+of Zuiir, the prince of Issachar, did offer :
+
+19 He offered for his offei'ing one silver
+charger, the weight whereof was a hundred
+and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy
+sliekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary ;
+both of them full of fine fiour mingled with
+oil tor a meat-offering ;
+
+20 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full
+of incense ;
+
+21 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt^oftering ;
+
+22 One he-goat for a sin-offerinsi- ;
+
+23 And for a sacrifice of peace-ofiering, two
+oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep of
+the first year;
+thanel the son of Zuiir.
+
+24 ^ On the third day Ehab the son of
+Chelon. the prince of the children of Zebulun,
+(did offer):
+
+25 His oflering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one siher bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+
+
+tion to these presents, the princes also came charged each
+with the same sacrifices and vessels for the use of the
+sanctmiry ; and so well was this liberality received by the
+Most High, that Moses was ordered to enjoin upon the
+princes that the sacrifices should not be offered all at once,
+but during a period of twelve days, and that they should use
+the order in which they moved forward in their march :
+
+
+this was the offering of Ne-
+
+
+them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+26 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full
+of incense ;
+
+27 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-offering ;
+
+28 One he-goat for a sin-offering ;
+
+29 And tor a sacrifice of peace-ofiering, two
+oxen, five rams, five lie-goats, five sheep of
+the first year ; this was the offering of Eliab
+the son of Chelon.
+
+30 ^ On the fourth day Elizur the son of
+Shedeiir, the prince of the children of Reuben,
+(did ofier):
+
+31 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weio'ht whereof was a hundred and thirtv she-
+kels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after
+the shekel of the sanctuary ; both of them full of
+fine flour mingled with oil for a meat-oflering ;
+
+32 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full
+of incense ;
+
+33 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first }car, for a burnt-ofiering ;
+
+34 One he-goat for a sin-offering ;
+
+35 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering,
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering oi'
+Elizur the son of Shedeiir.
+
+36 ^ On the fifth day Shelumiel the sou
+of Zurishaddai, the prince of the children iif
+Simeon, (did offer):
+
+37 His offei'ing was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirtv
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine flour mingled with oil fir a
+meat-offering ;
+
+38 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of
+incense ;
+
+39 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-offering;
+
+40 One he-goat for a sin-offering;
+
+41 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering,
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the oftering of She-
+lumiel the son of Zurishaddai.*
+
+
+Judah first, then Zebulun, Issachar, &c., ending with
+Naphtali, not according to the order of the birth of the fa-
+thers of the tribes. There was no difference whatever in
+the gifts of the various chiefs; thus showing that all were
+alike acceptable, whether descended from Leah and Kachel,
+or from Zilpali and Bilhah. This is also probably the
+reason why thev are all separately recorded.
+
+1U7
+
+
+NUMBERS VII. NAHSSO.
+
+
+42 ^ On the sixth day Elyassaph the son
+of Deiiel," the prince of the children of Gad,
+(did offer):
+
+43 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+44 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of
+incense ;
+
+45 One young buUoclc, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-offering ;
+
+46 One he-goat for a sin-offering:
+
+47 And for a sacrifice of peace-oftering,
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering of
+Elyassapli the son of Deiiel.
+
+48 Tl On the seventh day Elishama the
+son of 'Ammihud, the prince of the children
+of Ephraim, (did offer) :
+
+49 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a
+meat-offering;
+
+50 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of
+incense ;
+
+51 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-offering;
+
+52 One he-goat for a sin-offering;
+
+53 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering,
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering of
+Elishama the son of 'Ammihud.
+
+54 ^ On the eighth day Gamliel the son of
+Pcdahzur, the prince of the children of Me-
+nasseh, (did offer):
+
+55 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine flour mingled witli oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+5G One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of
+incense ;
+
+57 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-oflfering;
+
+58 One he-goat for a sin-ofiering;
+
+59 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering.
+
+
+* This name is elsewhere (ii. 14) given as Keiiel, the T
+resh being substituted for T dahth.
+
+
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering of
+Gamliel the son of Pedahzur.
+
+60 ][ On the ninth day Abidan the son of
+Gidoni, the prince of the children of Benja-
+min, (did offer):
+
+61 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventv shekels.
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine flour mingled Avitli oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+62 One spoon often shekels of gold, full of
+incense ;
+
+63 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-offering ;
+
+64 One he-goat for a sin-offering;
+
+65 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering,
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering of
+Abidan the son of Gidoni.
+
+06 ^ On the tenth day Achiezer the son
+of 'Ammishaddai, the prince of the children
+of Dan, (did oiler):
+
+67 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+68 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of
+incense :
+
+69 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burntroffering ;
+
+70 One he-goat for a sin-oftering;
+
+71 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering,
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering of
+Achiezer the son of 'Ammishaddai.*
+
+72 Tl On the eleventh day Pagiel the son
+of 'Ochian, the prince of the children of
+Asher, (did offer) :
+
+73 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+74 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, fidl of
+incense ;
+
+75 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first 3'ear, for a burnt-offering;
+
+76 One he-goat for a sin-offering;
+
+77 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering,
+
+
+NUMBERS VII. VIII. BEHANGALOTECHA.
+
+
+two oxen, five rami!?, live he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering of Pa-
+giel the son of 'Ov'hran.
+
+78 T[ On the twelfth day Achira the son
+of 'Enau, tlie prince of the children of Naph-
+tali, (did ofter):
+
+79 His offering was one silver charger, the
+weight whereof was a hundred and thirty
+shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
+them full of fine tlour mingled with oil for a
+meat-offering ;
+
+80 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of
+incense ;
+
+81 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep
+of the first year, for a burnt-offering ;
+
+82 One he-goat for a sin-offering;
+
+83 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering,
+two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep
+of the first year; this was the offering of
+Achira the sou of 'Enan.
+
+84 ^ This was the dedication-offering of
+the altar, on the day when it was anointed,
+from the princes of Israel: Twelve silver
+chargers, twelve silver bowls, twelve golden
+spoons ;
+
+85 A hundred and thirty shekels was the
+weight of each silver charger, and seventy of
+each bowl; the silver of all the vessels was
+two thousand and foin- hundred shekels, after
+the shekel of the sanctuary;
+
+86 Twelve golden spoons, full of iBcense;*
+ten shekels was the weight of each spoon,
+after the shekel of the sanctuary; all the gold
+of the spoons was a hundred and twenty
+shekels.*
+
+87 All the oxen for the burnf^ofFering were
+
+
+' Rasbi, after Talmud 3Ienaclioth, remarks: "We find
+no mention of incouse for an individual, nor such an ofter-
+ing upon the outer altar, (('. c. that of burnt-ofi'ering,) ex-
+cept in this instance, (;'. e. at the consecration of the
+tabernacle.) and it was merely permitted as rii'iy nxiin a
+temporary rule only for the time." In farther explana-
+tion of this view, it may be added, that incense was a na-
+tional offering, ordered to be burnt upon the golden altar,
+before the vail, morning and evening, and to be carried
+within the vail on the day of atonement. A special dis-
+pensation must therefore have been granted to do as the
+princes did at the consecration, though probably the mix-
+ture was not identical with that prepared for the sanctuary
+under the superintendence of Moses. This, however, in
+no wise abolishes the force of the general prohibition, nor
+can it legalize our deviating therefrom, unless by an equally
+authoritative dispensation; and thus a strange incense
+could on no account be offered on either altar, after the
+
+W
+
+
+twelve bullocks, the rams were twelve, the
+sheep of the first year twelve, with their
+meat-offering ; and the he-goats for sin-offering
+were twelve.
+
+88 And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the
+peace-offerings were twenty and four bullocks,
+the rams were sixty, the he-goats sixty, the
+sheep of the first year sixty: this was the
+dedication-offering of the altar, after it had
+been anointed.
+
+89 And when Moses went into the taber-
+nacle of the congregation to speak with Him,
+then heard he the voice speaking unto him
+from off the mercy-seat that was ujDon the
+ark of testimony, from between the two che-
+rubim: and thus he spoke unto him.
+
+Ilaphtorah in Judges xiii. 2 to 25.
+
+
+SECTION XXXVI. BEHANGALO-
+TECHA, "inS^HD.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say
+
+mg,
+
+2 Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him,
+When thou lightest the lamps,'' then shall the
+seven lamps give light toward the body of the
+candlestick.
+
+3 And Aaron did so; toward the body of
+the candlestick did he light its lamps; as the
+Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+4 And this was the workmanship of the
+candlestick : It was of beaten gold, from the
+shaft thereof, unto the flowers thereof, it was
+beaten work; according unto the pattern
+
+
+event under consideration. There are other instances in
+Scripture, of a temporary suspension of certain precepts,
+such as the officiating of Moses before Aaron's assumption
+I nf the priestly office; the sacrifice of Elijah on Carmel,
+against the positive order of the law not to offer any-
+thing at any other place save the chosen sanctuary. But
+it will always be seen that there were weighty reasons for
+the suspensions, — that they were sanctioned or ordained
+by the Holy Spirit; and that consequently we are from
+such premises not authorized to suspend any precept by
+our own authority, except there be an absolute necessity
+which compels us to disobey.
+
+'■ The middle light, which was not on the branches,
+
+but on the body of the candlestick; the wicks of the six
+
+lamps, upon the six branches, of the three eastern, as well
+
+i as of the three western, were turned toward the middle
+
+! lamp — Rashi. In this manner the whole seven lights
+
+were all turned to one point.
+
+169
+
+
+NUMBERS VIII. BEHANGALOTECHA.
+
+
+which the Lord had shown Moses, so made
+he the candlestick.
+
+5 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying,
+
+6 Take the Levites from the midst of the
+cliildren of Israel, and cleanse them.
+
+7 And thus shalt thou do unto them, to
+cleanse them: Sprinkle upon them water of
+purification, after they have let the razor pass
+over all their tlesh, and then let them wash
+their clothes, and so shall they be clean.
+
+8 And they shall take a young bullock
+with his meat-offering, fine flour mingled
+with oil; and another young bullock shalt
+thou take for a sin-oflbring.
+
+9 And thou shalt bring near the Levites
+before the tabernacle of the congregation:
+and tliou shalt assemble together the whole
+congregation of the children of Israel.
+
+10 And when thou hast brought near the
+Levites before the Lord, then shall the chil-
+dren of Israel lay their hands upon the Le-
+vites :
+
+11 And Aaron shall make with the Le-
+vites a waving before the Lord from the chil-
+dren of Israel, that they may be ready to
+execute the service of the Lord.
+
+12 And the Levites shall lay their hands
+upon the heads of the bullocks: and thou
+shalt prepare the one as a sin-offering, and
+the other as a burnt-offering, unto the Lord,
+to make an atonement for the Levites.
+
+13 And thou shalt place the Levites before
+Aaron and before his sons, and make with
+them a waving befoi'c the Lord.
+
+14 Thus shalt thou separate the Levites
+from the midst of the children of Israel : and
+the Levites shall be mine.*
+
+15 And after that shall the Levites go in
+to do the service of the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation: after thou shalt have cleansed
+them, and made with them a waving.
+
+16 For they are wholly given" unto me
+from the midst of the children of Israel : in-
+stead of every one that openeth the womb,
+of every first-born of the children of Israel,
+have I taken them unto me.
+
+
+° Rashi comments on □•jnj D'jn: "they are given for
+carrying, given for singing." (See, however, for a differ-
+ent version, aceonling to our authorities, above, iii. 9.)
+
+'' /. c. At this period tliey should coninieneo to learn
+the .service, which they entered on at thirty years. Rash-
+bam reconciles the difficulty of iv. 3, &c., where thirty
+years are named, that that limit applied only to the car-
+ITU
+
+
+17 For mine are all the first-born of the
+children of Israel, both of man and beast : on
+the day that I smote every first-born in the
+land of Eoypt did I sanctify them unto m^•-
+self
+
+IS And I have taken the Levites, instead
+of all the first-jjorn among the children of Is-
+rael.
+
+19 And I have given the Levites as a gift
+to Aaron and to his sons from the midst of
+the children of Israel, to do the service of
+the children of Israel in the tabernacle of
+the congregation, and to make an atonement
+for the children of Israel; that there be no
+plague among the children of Israel, when
+the children of Israel come nigh unto the
+sanctuary.
+
+20 And so did Moses, and Aaron, and all
+the congregation of the children of Israel, to
+the Levites: according unto all that the Lord
+had commanded Moses concerning the Le-
+vites, so did the children of Israel unto them.
+
+21 And the Levites purified themselves,
+and they washed their clotlies; and Aaron
+made with them a waving before the Lord :
+and Aaron made an atonement for them to
+cleanse them.
+
+22 And after that went the Levites in to
+do their service in the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation before Aaron, and before his sons:
+as the Lord had commanded Moses concern-
+ing the Levites, so did they unto them.
+
+23 ^1 And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+24 This shall be the rule for the Levites :
+From twenty and five'' years old and upward
+shall he 2:0 into the ranks to do the service
+of the tabernacle of the congregation;
+
+25 And from the age of fifty years shall he
+go out of the ranks of the service, and he
+shall serve no more ;
+
+20 But he shall wait on his In-ethren in
+the tabernacle of the congregation, to keep
+the charge, but the service shall he not per-
+form ; thus shalt thou do unto the Levites in
+the discharge of their office.*
+
+
+rying of the holy vessels and parts of the tabernacle,
+which also terminated with the fiftieth year; hut that all
+other Levitical functions commenced at twenty-five and
+continued while the faculties lasted. Oukelos and Rashi
+also render verse 2(5, "But he shall serve with his
+brethren," thus also confining the excluded service t«
+the carrying of the sanctuary.
+
+
+NUMBERS IX. BEHANGALOTECIIA.
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 •[[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses in
+the wilderness of Sinai, in the second year
+after their coming out of the Land of Egypt,
+ill the first montli, saying.
+
+2 That the chikh-en of Israel shall prepare
+the passover-lanib at its appointed season.
+
+.3 On the fourteenth day of this month, to-
+ward evening, shall ye prepare it at its ap-
+pointed season: according to all its ordi-
+nances, and according to all its prescribed
+rules, shall ye prepare it.
+
+4 And Moses spoke unto the children of
+Israel, that they should prepare the passover-
+lamb.
+
+5 And they prepared the passover-lamb on
+the fourteenth day of the first month toward
+evening in the wilderness of Sinai : according
+to all that the Lord had commanded Moses,
+so did the children of Israel.
+
+6 But there were certain men, who had
+been defiled by the dead body of a man, and
+they could not j^repare the passover-lamb on
+that day: and they came before Moses and
+before Aaron on that day.
+
+7 And these men said unto him. We are
+defiled by the dead body of a man : where-
+fore shall we be kept back, so as not to offer
+the sacrifice of the Lord at its appointed sea-
+son in the midst of the (other) children of
+Israel ?
+
+8 And Moses said unto them, Wait ye, and
+I will hear what the Lord will command con-
+cerning you.
+
+9 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+10 Speak unto the children of Israel, say-
+ing. If any man whatever should be unclean
+by reason of a dead body, or be on a distant
+journey," among you or your posterity: yet
+shall he prepare the passover-lamb unto the
+Lord;
+
+11 In the second month on the fourteenth
+day toward evening shall they prepare it,
+with unleavened bread and bitter herbs shall
+they eat it.
+
+12 They shall leave none of it until morn-
+ing, and no bone shall they break on it : ac-
+
+
+° This is explained to mean any distance which pre-
+vents one from being within the precincts of the temple
+at the time of the slaying of the passover-lamb.
+
+
+cording to the whole ordinance of the pass-
+over-lamb shall the}' prej^are it.
+
+13 But the man tliat is clean, and is not
+on a journey, and forbeareth to prepare the
+passover-lamb, even that same soul shall be
+cut ofi" from his people ; because the offering
+of the Lord hath he not brought at its
+appointed season, his sin shall that man
+bear.
+
+14 And if a stranger sojourn among you,
+and will prepare the passover-lamb unto the
+Lord : according to the ordinance of the pass-
+over-lamb, and according to its prescribed
+rule, so shall he prepare it ; one statute shall
+be for you, both for the stranger, and for the
+native born in the laud.''-
+
+15 T[ And on the day that the tabernacle
+was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle
+of the tent of the testimony : and in the even-
+ing there was upon the tabernacle as it were
+the appearance of fire, until morning.
+
+16 So it used to be always : the cloud co-
+vered it (by day), and the appearance of fire
+by night.
+
+17 And as the cloud was taken up fi'oin
+the tabernacle, then after that did the chil-
+dren of Israel journey forward : and in the
+place where the cloud halted, there did the
+children of Israel encamp.
+
+18 At the order of the Lord did the chil-
+dren of Israel journey forward, and at the
+order of the Lord they encamped : all the
+days that the cloud abode upon the taberna-
+cle did they remain in camp.
+
+19 And when the cloud tarried upon the
+tabernacle manj^ days, then did the children
+of Israel keep the charge of the Lord, and
+journeyed not forward.
+
+20 And at times it was, that the cloud re-
+mained but a few days upon the tabernacle ;
+at the order of the Lord they abode in camp,
+and at the order of the Lord they journeyed
+forward.
+
+21 And at times it was, that the cloud
+remained from evening until morning; and
+when the cloud was taken up in the morning,
+they journeyed forward ; or a day and a night,
+and Avhen the cloud was taken up, they jour-
+neyed forward ;
+
+22 Or two days, or a month, or a year; so
+long as the cloud tarried upon the tabernacle,
+to remain thereon, did the children of Israel
+I'emain encamped, and journeyed not forward j
+
+171
+
+
+NUMBERS IX. X. BEHANGALOTECHA.
+
+
+but when it was taken up, they joume3'ed
+forward.
+
+23 At the order of the Lord they remained
+in camp, and at the order of the Lord they
+journeyed forward : the charge of the Lord
+they kept, at the order of the Lord by the
+hand of Moses.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+2 Make unto thyself two trumpets of silver,
+beaten out of one piece shalt thou make them ;
+and they shall serve thee for the calling of
+the congregation, and for the setting forward
+of the camps.
+
+3 And when they shall blow" with both,
+all the congregation shall assemble themselves
+unto thee at the door of the tabernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+4 And if they blow'' with but one, then shall
+assemble themselves unto thee the princes, the
+heads of the thousands of Israel.
+
+5 And when ye blow an alarm, then shall
+set forward the camps that encamp on the
+east side.
+
+6 And when ye blow an alarm the second
+time, then shall set forward the camps that
+encamp on the south side : an alarm shall
+they blow for their setting forward.
+
+7 But at the assembling of the assembly,
+ye shall blow, but ye shall not sound an
+alarm.
+
+8 And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall
+blow with the truinpets ; and they shall be
+to you for an ordinance for ever throughout
+your generations.
+
+9 And if ye go to war in your land against
+the oppressor that oppresseth you, then shall
+ye blow an alarm with the trumpets ; and ye
+shall be remembered'' before the Lord your
+God, and ye shall be saved from your enemies.
+
+10 And on the day of your gladness, and
+on your appointed festivals, and on the begin-
+nings of your months, shall ye blow with the
+trumpets over your burnt-offerings, and over
+the sacrifices of your peace-ofterings ; and they
+shall ije to you for a memorial before your
+God : I am the Lord your God.
+
+
+• The "simple blowing" njj'pn and the "alarm" n;?nn
+are the sounds now blown on the cornet in the New-Year's
+festival.
+
+172
+
+
+11 T[ And it came to pass in the second
+year, in the second month, on the twentieth
+day of the month, that the cloud was taken
+up from ofi' tlie tabernacle of the testimony.
+
+12 And the children of Israel set forward
+on their journeys from the wildei'ness of Si-
+nai, and the cloud halted in the wilderness
+of Paran.
+
+13 And they set forward for the first time
+at the order of the Lord by the hand of
+Moses.
+
+14 And the standard of the camp of the
+children of Judah set forward at the first, ac-
+cording to their armies : and over their host
+was Nachshon the son of 'Annninadab.
+
+15 And over the host of the tribe of the
+children of Issachar was Nethanel the son of
+Zuiir.
+
+16 And over the host of the tribe of the
+children of Zebuluu was Eliab the son of
+Chelon.
+
+17 And (in the mean time) the tabernacle
+was taken down; and then set forward the
+sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari, the
+bearers of the tabernacle.
+
+18 Then set forward the standard of the
+camp of Reuben, accoi'ding to their armies:
+and over their host was Elizur the son of
+Shedeiir.
+
+19 And over the host of the tribe of the
+childi-en of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of
+Zurishaddai.
+
+20 And over the host of the tribe of the
+children of Gad was Elyassaph the son of
+Deiiel.
+
+21 And then set forward the Kehathites,
+the bearers of the sanctuary:" and the
+others set up the tabernacle against they
+came.
+
+22 Then set forward the standard of the
+camp of the children of Ephraim according to
+their armies: and over their host was Eli-
+shama the son of 'Ammihud.
+
+23 And over the host of the tribe of the
+children of Menasseh was Gamliel the son of
+Pedahzur.
+
+24 And over the host of the tribe of the
+children of Benjamin was Abidan the son of
+Gidoni.
+
+
+'• Obedience to Grod alone proves that those who claim
+his protection are worthy of his favour.
+° i. e. The holy vessels. (See iv. 4.)
+
+
+NUMBERS X. XI. BEHANGALOTECHA.
+
+
+25 Then set forward the standard of tlie
+camp of the children of Dan, the rereward of
+all the camps, according to their hosts: and
+over their host was Achiezer the son of 'Am-
+mishaddai.
+
+26 And over the host of the tril^e of the
+cliildren of Asher was Pagiel the son of
+'Ochran.
+
+27 And over the host of the trilje of the
+children of Naphtali was Achira the son of
+'Enan.
+
+28 In this order were the jourueyings of
+the children of Israel according to their ar-
+mies, when they set forward.
+
+29 T[ And Moses said unto C'hobab, the
+son of Reiiel the Midianite, the flitlier-in-law
+of Moses, We are journeying unto the place
+of which the Lord hath said, Tliis will I give
+unto you : come thou with us, and we will do
+thee good; for tlie Lord hath spoken (to
+bring) good upon Israel.
+
+30 And he said unto him, I will not go;
+but to my own hmd, and to my birthplace
+will I go.
+
+31 And he said, Do not, I pray thee, leave
+us; since thou didst find out the places where
+we were to encamp in the wilderness, and
+thou hast* been to us instead of eyes.
+
+32 And it shall be, if thou go with us, yea,
+it shall be, that the same goodness whicli the
+Lord may do unto us, will we do unto thee.
+
+33 And they set forward fronr the mount
+of the Lord a three days' journey : and the
+ark of tlie covenant of the Lord went before
+them in'' the three days' journey, to search
+out for them a resting-place.
+
+34 And the cloud of the Lord was over
+them by day, wdien they set forward from the
+camp."'=
+
+35 Tf And it came to pass, when the ark
+set forward, that Moses said. Rise up. Lord,
+and let thy enemies be scattered; and let
+those that hate thee flee Ijefore thy face.
+
+36 And when it rested, he said, Return, 0
+Lord, among the myriads of the thousands of
+Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+1 T[ And it came to pass that as the people
+
+
+" After Arnheim ; others render, "and thou wilt be," &c.
+*■ Others translate, "a distance of a three days' journey."
+° "The place of burning," hah'ei; from •\p2 "to burn."
+" Verses 7, 8, and 9 must be taken as a parenthesis
+
+
+complained in a manner displeasing in the
+cars of the Lord, the Lord heard it, and his
+anger was kindled, and the fire of the Lord
+burnt among them, and consumed at tlic ut-
+termost part oi' the camp.
+
+2 And the people then cried unto Moses;
+and Moses prayed unto the Lord, and the fire
+disappeared.
+
+3 And he called the name of tlie place
+TalVerah ;'' liecause the fire of the Lord had
+burnt among them.
+
+4 And the mixed multitude that w^as
+among them felt a lustful longing: and the
+children of Israel also wept again, and said.
+Who will give us flesh to eat?
+
+5 We remember the fish, which we could
+eat in Egypt for naught; the cucumbers, and
+the melons, and the leeks, and the onions,
+and the garlic;
+
+6 But now our soul is faint: there is no-
+thing at all, only to the manna are our e^'es
+(directed) .
+
+7'' But the manna was like coriander-seed,
+and its colour as the colour of the bdellium.
+
+8 The people went about, and gathered it,
+and ground it in a mill, or pounded it in a
+mortar, and boiled it in a pot, or made cakes
+of it : and its taste was as the taste of cakes
+mixed with oil.'
+
+9 And when the dew fell upon the camp
+in the night, the manna fell upon it.
+
+10 And Moses heard the people weej) ac-
+cording to their families, every man at the
+door of his tent : and the anger of the Lord
+was kindled greatly; and in the eyes of Moses
+also was it displeasing.
+
+11 And Moses said unto the Lord, Where-
+fore hast thou done evil to thy servant? and
+wherefore have I not found favour in thy
+eyes, that thou layest the burden of all this
+people upon nie?
+
+12 Was it I who have conceived all this
+people? or was it I who have begotten them?
+that thou shouldst say unto me, Carry them
+in thy bosom, as a nursing father beareth
+the sucking child, unto the land which thou
+hast sworn unto their fathers?
+
+13 Whence shall I obtain flesh to give
+unto all this people? for they weep around
+
+explaining the excellence of the manna which the people
+despised. The narrative recommences at verse 10.
+
+° After Onkelos. Arnheim gives, " the marrow (^bestj
+of oil."
+
+173
+
+
+NUMBERS XL BEHANGALOTECHA.
+
+
+me, saying, Give us flesh, that we may
+eat.
+
+14 I am not able by myself alone to bear
+all this people, because it is too heavy for me.
+
+15 And if thou wilt thus deal with me,
+then slay me, I pray thee, at once, if I have
+found iavour in thy eyes ; that I may not see
+my wretchedness.
+
+16 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses,
+Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of
+Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders
+of the people, and its officers; and take them
+unto the tabernacle of the congregation, and
+they shall stand there with thee.
+
+17 And I will come down and speak with
+thee there : and I will take some of the spirit
+which is upon thee, and I will put it upon
+them ;" and they shall bear with thee the bui'-
+den of the people, and thou shalt not bear it
+by thyself alone.
+
+18 And unto the people shalt thou say.
+Hold yourselves ready against to-morrow, that
+ye may eat flesh ; for ye have wept in the
+ears of the Lord, saying. Who shall give us
+flesh to eat? for it was better with us in
+Egypt : thus will the Lord give you flesh,
+and ye shall eat.
+
+19 Not one day shall ye eat, nor two days,
+nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days ;
+
+20 But up to a full month, until it come
+out at your nostrils, and it become loathsome
+vmto you ; Ijecause that ye have despised the
+Lord who is in the midst of you, and ye have
+we]it ))efore him, saying, Why did we come
+forth out of Egypt?
+
+21 And Moses said. Six hundred thousand
+men on loot is the people, in the midst of
+whom I am; and yet thou hast said. Flesh will
+I give them, that they may eat a whole month.
+
+22 Shall flocks and herds be slain for them,
+that they may suffice for them ? or shall all
+tlie fish of the sea be gathered together for
+them, that they may suffice for them ?
+
+23 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, Should
+the Lord's hand be too short? now shalt
+thou .see whether my word shall come to pass
+unto thee or not.
+
+21 And Moses went out, and spoke to the
+[jeople the words of the Lord; and he assem-
+
+
+' Unto what was Moses like at that hour
+standing upon a candlestick, by which all
+lamps, while its litilit is in nmviso diiiiinisln'il,
+
+
+to a lamp
+light their
+— EA.tHI.
+
+
+bled seventy men from the elders of the people,
+and placed them round about the tabernacle.
+
+25 And the Lord came down in a cloud,
+and sp>oke unto him; and he took some of
+the spirit that was upon him, and put it upon
+the seventy men, the elders : and it came to
+pass, that, when the spirit rested upon them,
+they prophesied, but they did not so any more.
+
+26 And there remained two men in the
+camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and
+the name of the other Medad ; and the spirit
+rested upon them ; and thej^ were of tliose
+that were written down,'' but they had not
+gone out unto the tabernacle : and they pro-
+phesied in the camp.
+
+27 And there ran a young man, and told
+to Moses, and said, Eldad and Medad are
+prophesying in the camjj.
+
+28 And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant
+of Moses from his youth, answered and said.
+My lord Moses, forbid them.
+
+2U And Moses said unto him, Art thou zeal-
+ous for my sake ? And oh that one might
+render all the people of the Lord prophets,
+that the Lord would put his spirit ujjon
+them !*
+
+30 And Moses retired back into the camp,
+he with the elders of Israel.
+
+31 And a wind went forth from the Lord,
+and drove up quails from the sea, and scat-
+tered them over the camp, about a day's jour-
+ney on this side, and about a day's journey
+on the other side, round about the camj), and
+about two cubits high over the face of the
+earth.
+
+32 And the people arose all that day, anil
+all that night, and all the following day, and
+they gathered the quails ; he that had taken
+the least, had gathered ten chomers: and they
+spread them out for themselves round about
+the camp.
+
+33 The flesh was yet between their teetli,
+it was not yet chewed : when the wrath of
+the Lord was kindled against the people, and
+the Lord smote among the people a \ery great
+{)lague.
+
+34 And he called the name of that place
+Kil)rotii-hattaavali f because there the^' bu-
+ried the people that had lustfully craved.
+
+'■ It is priihable that seventy-two, six from each tribe,
+were first written down, wherefore two were left over.
+" /. ('. " The graves of the desire."
+
+
+174
+
+
+J
+
+
+NUMBERS XI. XII. XIII. SHELACH LECHA.
+
+
+3-3 Fi-om Kibrotli-hattaavah the people
+journe3-ed unto Chazeroth; and they remain-
+ed at Chazeroth.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ][ And Miriam and Aaron spoke against
+Moses, on account of the Ethiopian woman
+whom he had married ; for an Etliiopian wo-
+man had he married.
+
+2 And they said, Hath then only with"
+Moses the Lord spoken ? hath he not also
+spoken with us? And the Lord heard it.
+
+3 (But the man Moses -was ver}- meek,
+more so than any man Avho was upon the
+face of the earth.)
+
+4 ^ And the Lord said suddenly unto
+Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam,
+Go out 3'e three unto the tabernacle of the
+congregation ; and these thi-ee went out.
+
+5 And the Lord came down in a pillar of
+cloud, and stood at the door of the taberna-
+cle; and he called Aaron and Miriam, and
+both of them went out.
+
+6 And he said, Hear now my words : If
+there be a prophet of your kind, I, the Lord,
+do make myself known unto him in a vision,''
+in a dream do I speak with him.
+
+7 Not so is my servant Moses, in all my
+house is he faithful.
+
+8 Mouth to mouth do I speak with him,
+even evidently, and not in dark speeches ;
+and the similitude of the Lord doth he Ix'hold :
+wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak
+against my servant, against Moses ?
+
+9 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against them, and he went away.
+
+10 And the cloud departed from oft' the
+tabernacle ; and, behold, Miriam became le-
+prous, (white) as snow ; and Aaron turned
+toward Miriam, and, behold, she was le-
+prous.
+
+11 Then said Aaron unto Moses, Alas, my
+lord, do not, I beseech thee, account to us as
+sin that wherein we have done foolishly, and
+wherein we have sinned.
+
+' After Onkelos. Others give " through."
+^ Marah, the feminine, denotes the indistinct, dream-
+like perception, followed as it is by "dream;"' march,
+however, the masculine, expresses the clear perception of
+Divine things. Arnbeim translates, moreover, v. 8, in
+this manner: "To him I speak from mouth to mouth,
+and visibly, not in riddles, that he should see only an
+image of the Eternal," conceiving the word xV "not"
+to be understood before 0'2" ; but the construction is too
+
+
+12 Let her not be as a dead-burn child, of
+which half the flesh is consumed, when it
+cometh out of its mother's womb.
+
+13 And Moses cried unto the Lord, saying,
+0 God! do thou heal her, I beseech thee.*
+
+14 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, If her
+fiither had spit in her face, would she not
+be ashamed seven days? let her be shut up
+seven days outside of the camp, and after that
+let her be brought in again.
+
+15 And Miriam was shut up outside of the
+camp seven da}s; and the people did not set
+forward till Miriam was brought in again.
+
+16 And afterward the people removed from
+Chazeroth, and encamped in the wilderness
+of Paran.
+
+Haphtorah in Zechariali ii. 14 to iv. 7.
+
+
+SECTION XXXVII. SHELACH LECHA,
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Send thou out some men that they may
+spy out the land of Canaan, which I give
+unto the children of Israel : one man each of
+every tribe of their fathers shall ye send,
+every one who is a prince among them.
+
+3 And Moses sent them out from the wil-
+derness of Paran by the order of the Lord :
+they all were men, (who) were heads of the
+children of Israel.
+
+4 And these are their names : Of the tribe
+of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur.
+
+5 Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son
+of Chori.
+
+6 Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of
+Yephunneh.
+
+7 Of the tribe of Issachar, Yigal the son of
+Joseph.
+
+8 Of the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea, the son
+of Nun.
+
+
+forced, nron given in our text, as in Genesis i. 26,
+with "similitude" or "likeness," refers to the higher
+conception which Moses had of God's power, and of his
+government of the world ; and is to be considered
+merely a continuation of the preceding "and not in
+dark speeches," which is, the indistinct perception which
+all prophets had of what they themselves foresaw and
+foretold, when compared with Moses. (See Daniel
+xii. 8.j
+
+175
+
+
+NUMBERS XIII. XIV. SHELACH LECHA.
+
+
+9 Of the tribe of Benjai'iiin, Palti the son
+of Eaphu.
+
+10 Of the tribe of Zebuliui, Gaddiel the son
+of Sodi.
+
+11 Of the tribe of Joseph, of the tribe of
+Meuasseh, Gaddi the sou of Sus.si.
+
+12 Of the tribe of Dan, 'Amuiiel the son of
+GemalU.
+
+13 Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son
+of Michael.
+
+14 Of the trilje of Naphtali, Nachbi the
+son of Vophsi.
+
+15 Of the tribe of Gad, Geiiel the son of
+Machi.
+
+16 These are the names of the men whom
+Moses senttospyouttheland; and Mosescalled
+HosheJi the son of Nun, Joshua [Yehoshua']."
+
+17 And Moses seut them to spy out the
+land of Canaan, and he said unto them, Go
+you up this way at the south side, and go up
+into the mountain;
+
+18 And see the land, what it is; and the
+people that dwell therein, whether they be
+strong or weak, whether they be few or
+many ;
+
+19 And what the land is on which they
+dwell, whether it be good or bad; and what
+the cities are in which they dwell, whether in
+open places, or in strongholds ;
+
+20 And what the land is, whether it be fat
+or lean, whether there be trees therein, or
+
+-not; and take ye courage, and take away
+some of the fruit of the land. Now the time
+was the season of the first ripening of grapes.'^'
+
+21 And they went up, and spied out the
+land from the wilderness of Zin unto Rechob,
+on the road to Chamath.
+
+22 And they ascended on the south side,
+and came unto Hebron; and there were Achi-
+man, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of
+'Anak; (now Hebron had been built seven
+years before Zolin in Egypt.)
+
+23 And they came unto the valley of Esh-
+col, and they cut down from there a branch
+with one cluster of grapes, and the_\' bore it
+upon a barrow between two; and (they took
+some) of the pomegranates and of the figs.
+
+* Signifying, "May the Lord aid (thee.)' Some sup-
+pose that this name was given to Hoshca at the time he
+imtcrcd the service of Moses; others, however, that it was
+bestowed at the present occasion, and is to bo viewed as a
+prayer: "May the Lord save thee from the counsel of the
+spies."
+
+176
+
+
+24 That place was called the valley of
+Eshcol,'' on account of the cluster which the
+children of Israel cut down from there.
+
+25 And they returned from spying out the
+land at the end of forty da^s.
+
+26 And they went and came to Moses, and
+to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the
+children of Israel, unto the wilderness of Par
+ran, to Kadesh ; and they brought back word
+unto them, and unto all the congTegation, and
+showed them the fruit of the land.
+
+27 And they told him, and said, We came
+unto the land whither thou didst send us,
+and truly doth it flow mth milk and honey;"
+and this is its fruit.
+
+28 Nevertheless the people are strong that
+dwell in the land, and the cities are very
+strongly walled, and great; and the children
+of 'Anak also have we seen there.
+
+29 The Amalekites dwell in the southern
+country; and the Hittites, and the Jebusites,
+and the Emorites, dwell in the mountains;
+and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by
+the margin of the Jordan.
+
+30 And Caleb stilled the people toward
+Moses, and he said. We can easily go up, and
+take possession of it; for we are well able to
+overcome it.
+
+31 But the men who had gone up with
+him said. We are not able to go up against
+the people; for they are stronger than we.
+
+32 And they brought up an evil report of
+the land which the\' had spied out unto the
+children of Israel, saying. The land through
+which we have passed to spy it out, is a land
+that consumeth its inhabitants; and all the
+people that we saw in it are men of a great
+stature.
+
+33 And there we saw the giants, the sons
+of Anak, of the giants' (family): and we were
+in our own eyes as grasshoppers, and so were
+we in their eyes.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 And all the congregation lifted up their
+voice, and cried aloud; and the people wept
+that night.
+
+^ Eshcol signifies "cluster."
+
+° To obtain credibility for their evil report, they spoke
+first in praise of the products of the land; and then they
+expatiated on the strength of the people, while they
+averred that the unhealthiness of the climate caused the
+death of the giants even.
+
+
+VIOSES AMU A.A.KO.N tiH:Kt:)RE PHA.KA.OH.
+
+
+NUMBERS XIV. SHELACH LECHA.
+
+
+2 And all the people murmured against
+Moses and against Aaron ; and the whole
+congregation said unto them, Oh who would
+grant that we had died in the land of Egypt!
+or that we might hut die in this wilderness!
+
+3 And wherefore doth the Lord bring us
+unto yonder land, to fall by the sword? that
+our wives and our children may become a
+prey? is it not better for us to return to
+Egypt?
+
+4 And tliey said one to anotlier, Let us ap-
+point a chief, and let us return to Eg} 2)t.
+
+5 Then fell Moses and Aaron on their faces
+before all the assembly of the congregation of
+the children of Israel.
+
+G And Joshua, the son of Nun, and Caleb
+the son of Yephunneh, of those that had spied
+out the land, rent their garments.
+
+7 And they said unto all the (^.ongregation
+of the children of Israel, as foUoweth, The
+land, through which we have passed to spy it
+out, this land is exceedingly good.''"
+
+8 If the Lord have delight in us, then
+will he bring us into this land, and give it to
+us: a land which is flowing with milk and
+honey.
+
+9 Onlj^ against the Lord do ye not rebel;"
+and then ye need not fear the people of the
+land; for they are our bread: their shadow''
+is departed from them, while the Lord is with
+us; fear them not.
+
+10 But all the congi'egation said to stone
+them with stones: when the glory of the
+Lord appeared in the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation unto all the children of Israel.
+
+11 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, How
+long yet shall this people provoke' me? and
+how long 3et will they not belie^'e in me.
+with all the signs which I have shown in the
+midst of them ?
+
+12 I will smite them with the pestilence,
+and root them out, and I will make of thee a
+nation greater and mightier than they.
+
+13 And Moses said unto the Lord, But
+when the Egyptians hear, from the midst of
+
+° That is to say, It is rebellion only which can make
+the Canaanites formidable enemies to the sous of Israel ;
+since, if obedient to God, the conquest will be an easy
+thing, the people being as readily overcome as bread can
+be used for food.
+
+''"Shadow" means, in Hebrew, "protection," "secu-
+rity." Ilashi therefore explains, "the .«hadow of God is
+departed from them;" upon which then the next clause
+follows correctly, "while the Lord is with us."
+
+X
+
+
+whom thou hast brought up in thy might
+this people; —
+
+14 And when they tell to the inhabitants
+of this land, who'' have heard that thou,
+Lord, art in the midst of this people, that
+fiice" to face thou. Lord, art seen, and that
+thy cloud standeth over them, and that in a
+pillar of cloud thou goest before them by day,
+and in a pillar of fire by night; —
+
+15 That thou hast killed this people as one
+man : then will the nations that have heard
+thy fame, say in this manner,
+
+16 That because the Lord was not aljle to
+bring this people into the land which he had
+sworn unto them, hath he slain them in the
+wilderness.
+
+17 And now, I beseech thee, let tlie great-
+ness of the power of the Lord be made mani-
+fest, as thou hast spoken, saying,
+
+18 The Eternal is long-suflering, and aljun-
+dant in beneficence, forgiving iniquity and
+transgression; but who will by no means
+clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the
+fathers upon the children, upon the third
+and upon the fourth generation.
+
+19 Pardon, I beseech thee, the iniquity ot
+this people, according to the greatness of
+thj' beneficence, and as thou hast been indul-
+gent to this people, from Egypt even until
+hitherto.
+
+20 And the Lord said, I have pardoned ac-
+cording to thy word.
+
+21 But as truly as I live, and as all the
+earth is filled with the glory of the Lord : —
+
+22 That all the men who have seen my
+glory, and my signs, which I have displaced
+in Egypt and in the wilderness, and have
+tempted me these ten times, and have not
+hearkened to my voice,
+
+23 Shall surely not see the land which I
+have sw(n'n unto their fathers, yea all those
+that have provoked me sluiU not see it.
+
+24 But my servant Caleb, as a reward that
+he had another spirit with him, and followed
+me fully, — therefore will I bring him into the
+
+" Reject me. — Arnheim.
+
+■* The word "who" is supplied, according to Onkelos.
+The connection of the verses 13— l(j is given after Arnheim,
+and is to be taken in this manner: "When the Egyjitians
+hear, and when the inhabitants of (his land (Canaan) are
+told, that God hath killed the people : then will all of
+them say, that it was inability in God to accomplish his
+promise."
+
+' Heb. "Eye in eye," ;'. c. seeing and seen.
+
+
+NUMBERS XIV. XV. SHELACH LECHA.
+
+
+land wherein to he went; and his seed shall
+possess it.
+
+25 And the Amalekites and the Canaanites
+dwell in the valley: to-moiTow turn you, and
+.set forward into the wilderness by the way to
+tlie Red Sea.*
+
+26 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, saying,
+
+27 How long (shall indulgence be given) to
+this evil congregation, that murmur against
+me ? the murmurings of the children of Israel,
+which they murmur against me, have I heard.
+
+28 Say unto them, As truly as I live, saith
+the Lord, as ye have spoken in my ears, so
+will I do to you :
+
+29 In this wilderness shall your carcasses
+fall, and all that were numbered of you, ac-
+cording to your whole number, from twenty
+years old and upward; ye who have murmured
+against me;
+
+30 Truly ye shall not come into the land,
+concerning which I have lifted up my hand
+to let you dwell therein; save Caleb the son
+of Yephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.
+
+ol But your little ones of which ye said,
+They would Ijecome a prey, them will I bring
+in, and they shall know the land which ye
+have despised.
+
+32 But as for you, your carcasses shall fall
+in this wilderness.
+
+33 And your children shall wander about
+in the wilderness forty years, and bear your
+backslidings, until your carcasses be spent in
+the wilderness.
+
+34 After the number of the days in which
+ye spied out the land, forty days, yea, each
+one day for a }'ear, shall ye bear for your ini-
+quities, forty years; and ye shall experience
+my withdrawal" (of protection) .
+
+35 1 the Lord have spoken it, surely, this
+will I do unto all this evil congregation that
+have asscnd^led against me : in this wilderness
+shall tliey be spent, and therein shall they
+die.
+
+3G And the men whom Moses liad sent to
+spj' out the hind, and wlio returned, and
+caused all Ihc congregation to murmur
+against him, l)y bringing up an evil report
+against the land,
+
+' Rashi renders, " And ye shall know that you have with-
+drawn your heart from nic." Oiikelos gives more freely,
+•' that ye have murmured aj^ainst me." But in the present
+version, the idea of Mendelssohn, that the word " witii-
+178
+
+
+37 Even these men, that had brought up
+the evil report of the land, died'' by the plague
+before the Lord.
+
+38 But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb
+the son of Yephunneh, remained alive of those
+men, wlio had gone to spy out the land.
+
+39 And Moses spoke these words unto all
+the children of Israel ; and the people mourned
+greatly.
+
+40 And tliey rose up early in the morning,
+and went up to the top of the mountain, say-
+ing, Lo, here we are, and we will go up unto
+the place of which the Lord hath spoken ; for
+we have sinned.
+
+41 And Moses said, Wherefore now do ye
+transgress the order of the Lord? and it will
+not prosper.
+
+42 Do not go up, for the Lord is not among
+you ; that ye may not be smitten before your
+enemies.
+
+43 For the Amalekites and the Canaanites
+are there before you, and ye will fall by the
+sword; since, because ye are turned away
+from the Lord, the Lord also will not be with
+you.
+
+44 Yet they persisted to go up unto the
+top of the mountain ; but the ark of the cove-
+nant of the Lord, and Moses, did not move
+out of the camp.
+
+45 Then came down the Amalekites, and
+the Canaanites that dwelt on that mountain,
+and smote them, and discomfited them, even
+unto Chormah.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Sjjeak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them, When ye shall have come into
+the land of your habitations, which I give
+unto you,
+
+3 And ye will prepare a fire-oflering unto
+the Lord, a burnt-ofiering, or a sacrilice, in
+performing a j^ronounced vow, or as a free-
+will-oflering, or on your solemn feasts, to pre-
+pare a sweet stivour unto the Lord, of the
+herds or of the flocks :
+
+4 Then shall he that bringeth his offering
+unto the Lord, bring as a meat-oilcring a
+
+drawal" refers to au act of God, has been adopted; and it
+means then, that the people should experience the differ-
+ence between the Divine protection and wrath.
+'' i e. A sudden, unnatural death.
+
+
+NUMBERS XV. SHELACH LPX'HA.
+
+
+tfiitU" part of fiue flour miuglud with the
+fourth of a hin of oil.
+
+5 And wine for a drink-offering, the fourth
+of a liin, shalt thou prepare witli the burnt-
+oftbring or sacrifice, for each one sheep.
+
+G But for a ram, shalt thou jJi'epare as a
+meat-offering two tenth parts of fine flour
+mingled with the third of a hin of oil.
+
+7 And wine for the drink-ofl'ering, the
+third of a hin, shalt thou bring, for a sweet
+savour unto the Lord.*
+
+8 And when thou preparest a bullock for a
+burnt-offering, or for a sacrifice, in performing
+a pronounced vow, or as a peace-oflering unto
+the Lord:
+
+0 Then shall he brmg with the bullock as
+a meat-oftering, three tenth parts of fine flour
+mingled with half a hin of oil.
+
+10 And wine shalt thou bring for a drink-
+ofl'ering, half a hin, as a fire-offering of a sweet
+sa\i)ur unto the Lord.
+
+11 Thus shall it be done for each one bul-
+lock, or for each one ram, or for a lami), be it
+of the sheep or of the goats.
+
+12 According to the number that ye may
+prepare, so shall ye do to every one according
+to their number.
+
+13 All that are born'' in the country shall
+do tlie.se things after this manner, in offering
+a fire-offering of a sweet savour unto the
+Lord.
+
+14 And if a stranger sojourn with 30U, or
+whosoever may be among you in your gene-
+rations, and will make an offering made hy
+fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord -. as ye
+do, so shall he do.
+
+15 Congregation!" one statute shall be lor
+you, and for the stranger that sojourneth: a
+statute for ever in your generations; as ye
+are, so shall the stranger be Ijetbre the
+Lord.
+
+It) One law and one code shall be for you,
+and for the stranger that sojourneth with
+you/'=
+
+17 % And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+
+' Wheuever this term is used, it means "a tenth of an
+ephah."
+
+'' In oifering a sacrifice, nothing must be omitted which
+the law requii-es, in order to make it acceptable on
+high.
+
+" This word is merely to be taken as an addres? to the
+entire people, whether native or adopted strangers.
+
+
+18 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them. When ye come into the land
+whither I bring you :
+
+19 Then shall it be, that, when ye eafof
+the bread of the land, ye shall set aside a
+heave-offering unto the Lord.
+
+20 As the first'' of your doughs shall ye set
+aside a cake for a heave-oftering; like the
+heave-oflering of the threshing-floor, so shall
+ye set this aside.
+
+21 Of the first of your doughs shall ye give
+unto the Lord a heave-oflering, in your gene-
+rations.
+
+22 ^ And if ye err," and do not observe all
+these commandments, which the Lord hath
+spoken mito Moses,
+
+23 All that the Lord hath commanded you
+by the hand of Moses, from the day that the
+Lord commanded (the same) and thencefor-
+ward, among your generations :
+
+2-4 Then shall it be, if, through inadver-
+tence of the congregation, it was committed
+by ignorance, that all the congregation shall
+prepare one young bullock for a burut-ofler-
+ing, for a sweet savour unto the Lord, with
+his meat-oflering, and his drink-ofl'ering, ac-
+cording to the prescribed manner, and one he-
+goat for a sin-oflering.
+
+25 And the priest shall make an atonement
+for all the congregation of the children of
+Israel, and it shall be forgiven unto them; for
+it is (a sin of) ignorance; and they have
+brought their oflering, a sacrifice made by fire
+unto the Lord, and their sin-offering before
+the Lord, for their (sin of) ignorance :
+
+26 And it shall be forgiven unto all the
+congi'egation of the children of Israel, and
+unto the stranger that sojourneth among
+them; for by all the people (was it done) in
+ignorance.*
+
+27 ]| And if any person sin through igno-
+rance, then shall he briuii' a she-ii'oat of the
+first year for a sin-oflering.
+
+28 And the priest shall nutke an atonement
+for the person that hath erred, in his sinning
+through ignorance before the Lord; to make
+
+
+^ " Before ye eat of your dough, you shall oiTer a por-
+tion to the Lord." — Rashi. This was given to the priest,
+and had no fixed proportion by the letter of the law; but
+the Rabbins state, a twenty-fourth part b}' a housekeeper,
+and a forty-eighth by a baker.
+
+' This refers to the sin of idolatry, according to our
+authorities.
+
+179
+
+
+NUMBERS XV. XVI. KORACH.
+
+
+an atonement for him, that it may be forgiven
+unto him.
+
+29 For the native born among the children
+of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth
+among them: — one law shall be for jou, for
+him that acteth through ignorance.
+
+30 But the jierson that doth aught with a
+high hand," be he one born in the land, or a
+stranger, the same dishonoureth the Lord ; and
+that person shall be cut off from among his
+people.
+
+31 Because the word of the Lord hath he
+despised, and his commandment hath he
+broken ; that person shall be cut off, his ini-
+quity is upon him.
+
+32 ^ And while the children of Israel were
+in the wilderness, they found a man gatlier-
+ing*' sticks upon the sabbath-day.
+
+33 And they that found him gathering
+sticks brought him for judgment unto Moses
+and Aaron, and unto all the congregation.
+
+34 And they put him in ward; because it
+had not been declared what should be done
+to him.
+
+35 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, The
+man shall be put to death : all the congregar
+tion shall stone him with stones without the
+camp.
+
+36 And all the congregation brought him
+forth to without the camp, and they stoned
+him with stones, and he died; as the Lord
+had connuanded Moses.*
+
+37 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, as
+followeth,
+
+38 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say to them, that they shall make themselves
+fringes" on the corners of their garments
+throughout their generations, and that thej-
+shall put upon the fringe of the corner a
+thread of blue :
+
+39 And it shall be unto you for a fringe,
+that ye may look upon it, and remember all
+tbe commandments of the Lord, and do them ;
+and that ye seek not after (the inclination of)
+your own heart and (the delight of) your
+
+
+" 4. e. Wilfully ; and for such sin no sacrifice can avail.
+
+'' Arnln'im suggests, that, wti>pD may mean "making
+small," "chipping," or "splitting wood;" wherefore he
+committed a direct and well-defined labour on the .sab-
+bath.
+
+" Mendelssohn and his successors have rendered nx'i"
+with "schaii/dde/i," literally, " threads to be looked upon.''
+The word " fringes" has been retained here, because there
+180
+
+
+eyes, in pursuit of which ye have been led
+astray.
+
+40 In order that ye may remember, and
+do all my commandments, and be holy unto
+your God.
+
+41 I am the Lord your God, who brought
+you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God :
+I am the Lord your God.
+
+Haphtorah in Joshua ii. 1 to 24.
+
+
+SECTION XXXVIII. KORACH, Hip.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 *(\ Now Korach, the son of Yizliar, the
+son of Kehatli, the son of Levi, was presump-
+tuous,* together with Datlian and Abiram,
+the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth,
+sons of Reiiben :
+
+2 So that they rose up before Moses, with
+certain men of the children of Israel, in num-
+ber two hundred and fifty; (who were) princes
+of the congregation, called to the assembly,
+men of renown.
+
+3 And they assembled themselves against
+Moses, and against Aaron, and said unto
+them, Ye assume too mucli ; for the whole of
+the congregation are all of them holy, and the
+Lord is among them ; wherefore then will
+you lift yourselves up above the congregation
+of the Lord ?
+
+4 And when Moses heard it, he fell upon
+his face :
+
+5 And he spoke unto Korach and unto all
+his company, saying, To-morrow, — then will
+the Lord make known who is his, and who is
+holy, that he may cause them to come near
+unto him ; and him whom he shall choose
+will he cause to come near unto him.
+
+(1 This do ye : Take yourselves censers,
+Koraoh and all his company ;
+
+7 And put therein fire, and put upon them
+incense before the Lord, to-morrow ; and it
+shall be that the man whom the Lord will
+
+
+is no English word nearer to the true meaning, from a
+root cither signifying "a lock of hair" or "something to
+look on." Israelites are well acquainted with the "corner
+fringe," which is to be regarded as a memento of the com-
+mandments, a simple yet efficient symbol to call to mind
+tlu! duty we owe to God.
+
+'' He presumed to .set himself apart from the conniiu-
+nity to quarrel about the priesthood. — Rashi.
+
+
+NUMBERS XVT. KORACH.
+
+
+choose, he shall be the holy one ; you assume
+too much, ye sons of Levi.
+
+8 And Moses said unto Korach, Hear, I
+pray you, ye sons of Levi :
+
+9 Is it too little lor you, that the God of
+Israel hath separated you from the congi'ega-
+tion of Israel, to bring you near unto himself,
+to do the service of the tabernacle of the Lord,
+and to stand before the congregation to minis-
+ter for them ?
+
+10 And he hath brought thee near, and all
+thy brethren the sons of Levi with thee : and
+now will ye seek the priesthood also ?
+
+11 For which cause (beware)," thou and
+all thy company that are gathered together
+against the Lord ; for Aaron, what is he, that
+ye should murmur against him ?
+
+12 And Moses sent to call Dathan and
+Abiram, the sons of Eliab; but they said,
+We will not come up :
+
+13 Is it too little that thou hast brought
+us up out of a land flowing with milk and
+honey, to kill us in the wilderness, that thou
+wilt assume to make thyself also a prince
+over us ?*
+
+14 Moreover thou hast not brought us into
+a land flowing with milk and honey, and thou
+hast not*" given us inheritance of fields and
+vineyards : wilt thou bore out the eyes" of
+these men ? we will not come up.
+
+15 And this displeased Moses greatly, and
+he said unto the Lord, Have no respect unto
+their oftering : I have not taken awaj' an ass
+of any one of them, nor have I done wrong
+to any one of them.
+
+16 And Moses said unto Korach, Thou
+and all thy company, be ye before the Lord,
+thou, and they, and Aaron, to-morrow :
+
+17 And take ye every man his censer,"^ and
+put incense upon them, and bring ye near
+before the Lord every man his censer, two
+hundred and fifty censers ; thou also, and
+Aaron, each his censer.
+
+18_ And they took every man his censer,
+
+* After Mendelssohn, whd renders pS in the sense it is
+used in Gen. iv. 15, as a threat, Philippson gives it,
+"Do you therefore assemble — against the Lord?" Arn-
+heim, "Surely — you assemble against the Lord." But
+the n in DHi'jn favours the version in our text.
+
+"" After Kashi. Arnheim translates, "so that thou
+couldst give us," &c.
+
+° i. r. " Wilt thou presume to blind the people to thy
+assumption of undue power and bveaeh of promi.se ?"
+
+
+and put fire on them, and laid incense there-
+upon ; and they stood at the door of the tar
+bernacle of the congregation with Moses and
+Aaron.
+
+19 And Korach assembled against them
+all the congregation unto the door of the ta^
+bernacle of the congregation ; and the glory
+of the Lord then appeared unto all the con-
+gregation.*
+
+20 ^[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, saying,
+
+21 Separate yourselves from the midst of
+this congregation, and I will make an end of
+them in a moment.
+
+22 And tliey fell upon their faces, and said,
+0 God, the God of the spirits of all flesh," this
+one man doth sin, and with all the congregar
+tion wouldst thou be wroth ?
+
+23 ]| And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+24 Speak unto the congregation, saying.
+Get you away from about the dwelling of
+Korach, Dathan, and Aliiram.
+
+25 And Moses ro.se up and went unto Da-
+than and Abiram ; and there went after him
+the elders of Israel .
+
+26 And he spoke unto the congregation,
+saying, Depart, I pray you, from the tents of
+these wicked men, and touch nothing which
+belongeth to them, lest ye be destroyed
+through all their sins.
+
+27 So they got away from the dwelling ol
+Korach, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side :
+and Dathan and Abiram came out, standing
+(boldly) at the door of their tents, with
+their wives, and their sons, and their little
+ones.
+
+28 And Moses said. Through this shall ye
+know that the Lord hath sent me to do all
+these deeds ; that (I have) not done them
+out of my own heart.
+
+29 If these men die as all men die, and if
+the visitation of all men be visited on them :
+then hath the Lord not sent me.
+
+
+^ This refers back to verse 5. Moses said there to
+Korach, that on the following day God would declare who
+was the holy and chcscn servant of the tabernacle. The
+test now proposed was, that all who claimed the right to
+act as priests, should come with incense before the sanc-
+tuary, though it would be at great peril; since it would
+be destruction to all but the one who was justly chosen
+The text tells the sequel.
+
+• Arnheim gives this word elsewhere with "mortals."
+
+181
+
+
+NUMBERS XVI. XVII. KORACH.
+
+
+30 But if the Lord do create" a new thing,
+and the earth open her mouth, and swallow
+them up, with all that appertaineth unto
+them, and thej go down alive into the pit :
+then shall ye understand that these men have
+provoked the Lord.
+
+31 And it came to pass, when he had
+made an end of speaking all these words, that
+the ground that was under them was cloven
+asunder :
+
+32 And the eartli opened her mouth, and
+swallowed them up, and their houses, and all
+the men that appertained unto Korach, and
+all their goods.
+
+33 And they went down, they, and all
+they that appertained to them, alive into the
+pit; and the earth closed over them, and
+they disappeared from the midst of the con-
+gregation.
+
+34 And all Israel that were round ahout
+them Heil at their cry ; for they said, Perhaps
+the eartli may swallow us up (also).
+
+35 And tliere came out a tire from the Lord,
+and consumed the two hundred and fifty men
+that had ofi'ei'ed the incense.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1'' ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Speak unto Elazar the son of Aaron the
+priest, that he lift up the censers out of the
+burning, and throw out the fire far away ;
+foi' they have been hallowed :
+
+3 The censei's of these sinners against their
+own lives; and they shall make of them
+broad plates for a covering for the altar ; for
+they brought them near before the Lord, and
+they have thus become hallowed ;" and they
+shall serve for a sign unto the children of
+Israel.
+
+4 And Elazar the priest took the copper
+censers, which they that were burnt had
+brought near ; and they beat them out for a
+covering unto the altar :
+
+5 As a memorial unto the children of
+Israel, in order that no stranger, who is not
+of the seed of Aaron, should come near to
+burn incense before the Lord; that he be-
+
+• The sudden destruction of the rebels is called a crea-
+tion, and Moses appealed to such an unheard-of display
+of power, as a verification of his truth.
+
+'' The English version commences eh. xvii. at verse 10.
+182
+
+
+come not as Korach, and as his company ; as
+the Lord had spoken to him by the hand oj'
+Moses.
+
+6 ^ And all the congregation of the chil-
+dren of Israel murmui'ed against Moses and
+Aaron, on the morrow, saying. It is you* who
+have caused the people of the Lord to die.
+
+7 And it came to pass, when the congrega-
+tion assembled against Moses and against
+Aaron, that they looked toward the taberna-
+cle of the congregation, and, behold, the cloud
+covered it; and the glory of the Lord ap
+peared.
+
+8 And Moses came with Aaron before the
+tabernacle of the congregation.*
+
+9 ]f And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+in o'
+
+10 Remove yourselves from the midst of
+this congregation, that I may consume them
+in a moment. And they fell upon their faces.
+
+11 And Moses said unto Aaron, Take the
+censer, and put therein fire from off the altar,
+and jnit on incense, and carry (it) quickly
+unto the congregation, and make an atone-
+ment for them ; lor the wrath is gone forth
+from the Lord; the plague hath begun.
+
+12 And Aaron took as Moses had com-
+manded, and he ran into the midst of the as-
+sembly ; and, behold, the j^k^gue had begun
+among the people : and he put on the incense,
+and made an atonement for the people.
+
+13 And he stood between the dead and
+the living; and the plague was stayed.
+
+14 And those who died in the plague were
+foiu'teen thousand and seven hundred, besides
+those that had died about the matter of
+Korach.
+
+15 And Aaron returned unto Moses, to the
+door of the tabernacle of the congregation, af-
+ter the plague had been stayed.*
+
+1 6 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+17 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+take from them one staft' each for a family
+division, from all their princes, according to
+their family divisions, twelve staves : the name
+of each man shalt thou write u})on his staff.
+
+18 And the name of Aai'on shalt thou
+
+
+° Although the sacrifice was in sin, still the oft'criu"
+sanctified the instruments used.
+
+'' They ascribed the death of the elders to the agency "f
+Mdses and Aaron
+
+
+NUMBERS XVII. XVIII. KORACH.
+
+
+write u[H)ii the staft' of Levi; for there shall
+be but one stafl' for the head of their family
+division.
+
+19 And thou shalt lay them down in the
+tabernacle of the congregation l)efore the tes-
+timony, where I u.sually meet with you.
+
+20 And it shall come to pass, that the staff
+of the man whom I shall choose, shall blos-
+som :" and I will alia}- from around me the
+murmurings of the children of Israel, Avhich
+they murmur against you.
+
+21 And Moses spoke unto the children of
+Israel, and all their princes gave him each a
+staff, one for every prince, according to their
+family divisions, twelve staves : and the staft'
+of Aaron was among their staves.
+
+22 And Moses laid down the staves be-
+fore the Lord in the tabernacle of the testi-
+mony.
+
+23 And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that as Moses went into the tabernacle of the
+testimony, behold, the staff of Aaron for the
+house of Levi had budded ;*" and it brought
+forth buds, and produced blossoms, and yielded
+ripe almonds.
+
+24 And Moses brought out all the staves
+from before the Lord unto all the children of
+Israel; and they looked (at them), and took
+away every one his staft'.*
+
+25 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Carry
+back the staff of Aaron before the testimony,
+to be kept as a token against the children of
+rebellion, that there may be an end of their
+murmurings from around me, and they die
+not.
+
+26 And Moses did so ; as the Lord had
+commanded him, so did he.
+
+27 ^ And the children of Israel said unto
+Moses, thus. Behold, we perisli, we are lost,
+we are all lost.
+
+28 Every one that cometh near at all unto
+the tabernacle of the Lord must die : shall we
+totally perish ?•=
+
+* In ths preceding narrative, the selection of Aaron was
+demonstrated by the punishment of those who contended
+against him. The present attestation was, however, to
+be one of peace, to confirm the institution of the priest-
+hood.
+
+'' Rashbam comments, that the evident meaning of this
+in, tliat when Moses first brought out Aaron's staff to the
+people it had just budded ; and it was before them that
+the buds expanded, opened into blossoms, and yielded ripe
+almonds. Rashi renders |"V with "the young fruit"
+which appears immediately on the blossom's falling.
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord said unto Aaron, Thou
+and thy sons and thy father's house with thee
+shall bear the iniquity'' of the sanctuary ; and
+thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the
+iniquity of your priesthood.
+
+2 And also thy brethren, the tribe of Levi,
+the tribe of thy i'tither, bring thou near with
+thee, that they may be joined with thee, and
+minister unto thee; while thou and thy sons
+witli thee shall be before the tabernacle of
+the testimony.
+
+3 And they shall keep thy charge, and tlie
+charge of all the tal)ernacle: oidy unto tJie
+vessels of the sanctuar}- and unto the altar
+shall they not come netir, that they may not
+die, either they or 30 u.
+
+4 And they shall be joined unto thee, and
+keep the charge of the tabernacle of the con-
+gregation, respecting all the service of the ta-
+bernacle : and a stranger shall not come nigh
+unto you.
+
+• r5 And ye shall keep the charge of the
+sanctuary, and the charge of the altar ; that
+there be not any more wrath upon the chil-
+dren of Israel.
+
+G And I, behold, I have taken your bre-
+thren the Levites from the midst of the chil-
+dren of Israel ; unto you are they given as a
+gift for the Lord, to perform the service of the
+tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+7 And tliou and thy sons with thee shall
+keep your priesthood concerning e\'ery mat-
+ter of the altar, and for that within the
+vail, where ye shall serve : as a service of
+gift do I give you your priesthood ; and the
+stranger that cometh nigh shall be put t(j
+death.
+
+8 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Aaron, Arid
+I, behold, I give thee the charge of my heave-
+offerings ; of all the hallowed things of the
+children of Israel, unto thee have I given
+
+" i. c. Since every attempt to approach proves fatal.
+
+'' "Against the sanctuary ;" " against your priesthood."
+— Arnhei.m. " On you I place the punishment of the
+strangers that may commit sin through the hallowed
+things which are intrusted to you (the priests and the
+sons of Kehath :) — you shall sit and warn every stranger
+that approaches, from touching them ; while thou and tiiy
+sons the priests shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood,
+because this is not intrusted to the Levites, and you shall
+warn these not to interfere in your proper service." —
+Rashi.
+
+183
+
+
+NUMBERS XVIII. KORACH.
+
+
+the 01 as an official portion, and to thy sons,
+as a fixed right for ever.
+
+9 This shall belong to thee of the most
+lioly things, from the fire- (offerings) :" every
+oblation of theirs, namely, every meat-offer-
+ing of theirs, and every sin-offering of theirs,
+and every tresjDass-offering of theirs, which
+they shall render unto me, shall, as most holy
+things, belong to thee and to thy sons.
+
+10 In a most holy place shalt thou eat it :
+every male shall eat it ; holy shall it be unto
+thee.
+
+11 And this shall be thine, as the heave-
+offering of their gift, of all the wave-offerings of
+the children of Israel ; unto thee have I given
+them, and to thy sons and to thy daughters
+with thee, as a fixed portion for ever : every
+one that is clean in thy house may eat thereof
+
+12 All the best of oil, and all the best of
+wine, and of com, the first-fruits thereof which
+they shall offer unto the Lord, to thee have I
+given them.
+
+13 The first i*ipe fruit of whatsoever is in
+their land, which they may bring unto the.
+Lord, shall be thine : every one that is clean
+in thy house may eat thereof
+
+14 Every thing devoted in Israel shall be
+thine.
+
+15 Whatever openeth the womb of all
+flesh, which they luring unto the Lord, be it
+of men or of cattle, shall be thine : neverthe-
+less thou shalt redeem the firstrborn of man,
+and the firstling of the uncleau cattle shalt
+thou redeem.
+
+16 And those that are to be redeemed from
+a month old shalt thou redeem, according to
+the usual estimation of five shekels of silver,
+after tlie shelvel of the sanctuary, which is
+twenty geralis.
+
+17 But tlie firstling of an ox, or tlie first-
+ling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou
+shalt not redeem ; they are holy : tlioir bhjod
+shalt thou sprinkle upon the altar, and their
+fat shalt thou burn .as a fire-offering, for a
+sweet savour unto the Lord. ■
+
+
+' After Aben Ezra; Onkelos, Raslii, and others, "what
+is left from the fire," ('. e. after the fat has been burnt.
+
+"■ That is, " as unvarying and unifurna as the salt,
+which never beeonies corrupt or ])utrid." — After IIashi.
+
+'■ The priests and servants of the [iOiiu shmild not have
+political ])c)vvcr through extended possessions.
+
+■* (". e. Wine and oil, which are produced by means of
+expressing the grape and olive ; properly therefore, " with
+184
+
+
+18 And their flesh shall be thine: as the
+breast that is waved and as the right shoulde**
+shall it be thine.
+
+19 All the heave-offei'ings of the holy things
+which the children of Israel set apart unto the
+Lord, I have given to thee, and to thy sons and
+to tliy daughters with thee, as a fixed portion
+for ever : it is a covenant of salt'' for ever before
+the Lord for thee and for thy seed with thee.
+
+20 And the Lord said unto Aaron, In their
+land shalt thou have no inheritance, and any
+portion shalt thou not have among them f I
+am thy portion and thy inheritance among
+the children of Israel.'"'
+
+21 ^ And to the children of Levi, behold, I
+have given every tithe in Israel, for an inhe-
+ritance, in lieu of their service which they
+render, the service of the tabernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+22 And the children of Israel shall not
+henceforth come nigh unto the tabernacle of the
+congregation, to bear sin, to die thereby.
+
+23 But they of the tribe of Levi themselves
+shall perform the service of the tabernacle of
+the congregation, and they shall bear their
+iniquity : a statute for ever shall it be through-
+out your generations ; and among the children
+of Israel shall they not possess any inheritance.
+
+24 But the tithes of the children of Israel,
+which they offer as a heave-offering unto the
+Lord, have I given to the Levites for an in-
+heritance : therefore have I said unto them.
+Among the children of Israel shall the}'' ob-
+tain no inheritance.
+
+25 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+26 And unto the Levites shalt thou speak,
+and say unto them. When ye take from the
+children of Israel the tithes which I have
+given you from them for your inheritance:
+then shall ye separate therefrom a heave-offer-
+ing of the Lord, the tenth part of the tithe.
+
+27 And your heave-offering shall be reck-
+oned unto you, like the corn of the threshing-
+floor, and as the fulness of the wine-press.''
+
+
+what the wine-press is filled." The verse it.self is to be
+so understood : The Israelites were commanded to give
+a fiftieth part of their annual product to the priests; this
+gift was called a heave-offering nonn ; and the tithes be-
+ing tlie Levites' threshing-floor and wine-press, that is,
+their means of livelihood, they were ordered to give from
+their income also a portion to the priests, before thej
+could legally use it for their own purposes.
+
+
+NUMBERS XVIII. XIX. CHUCKATH.
+
+
+28 Thus shall ye also ofler a heave-offering
+unto the Lord from all your tithes, which ye
+may receive from the children of Israel ; and
+ye shall give thereof the heave-off'ering of the
+Lord to Aaron the priest.
+
+1:9 From all your gifts shall ye set apart
+every heave-oftering of the Lord, from every
+best part thereof, its hallowed portion there-
+from.'-'
+
+30 And thou shalt say unto them, When
+ve have separated the best thereof from it:
+then shall (the remainder) be counted unto
+the Levites as the produce of the threshing-
+floor, and as the produce of the wine-press.
+
+31 And 3e may eat it in every place, ye
+and your households; for it is your reward
+in lieu of your service at the tabernacle of the
+(-ona-regation.
+
+32 And ye shall not bear any sin by rea-
+son of it, when ye have separated its best part
+from it : and the holy things of the children
+of Israel shall ye not profane, lest ye die.
+
+IIa|ihtorah in 1 Samuel xi. 14 to sii. 22.
+
+
+SECTION XXXIX. CHUCKATH, HpH.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Aaron, saying,
+
+2 This is the statute'* of the law which the
+Lord hath commanded, saying. Speak unto
+the children of Israel, that they bring unto
+thee a completely red cow, on which there is
+no blemish, upon which no yoke hath ever
+come.
+
+3 And ye shall give her unto Elazar the
+priest, and he shall lead her forth to without
+the camp, and some one shall slay her Ijefore
+his face:
+
+4 And Elazar the priest shall take some of
+her blood with his finger; and he shall sprin-
+kle in the direction of the front of the taber-
+nacle of the congregation of her blood seven
+times.
+
+5 And some one shall burn the cow before
+his eyes; her skin, and her flesh, and her
+blood, with her dung, shall he burn.
+
+
+" /. e. An ordinance for which no reason is to be sought
+farther than that it is the will of the Lord, who instituted
+it as a test of obedience to Israel.
+
+" "The stranger" here signifies one that has adopted
+Y
+
+
+6 And the priest shall take cedai'-wood,
+and hyssop, and a scarlet string, and cast it
+into the midst of the burning of the cow.
+
+7 And the priest shall wash his clothes,
+and he shall bathe his flesh in water, and
+afterward may he come into the camp; and
+the priest sliall be unclean until the even-
+ing.
+
+8 And he that burnetii her shall wash his
+clothes in water, and bathe his flesh in water ;
+and he shall be unclean until the evening.
+
+9 And a man that is clean shall gather up
+the ashes of the cow, and lay them up with-
+out the camp in a clean place ; and it shall be
+kept for the congregation of the children of
+Israel for a water of sprinkling : it is a purifi-
+cation-offering.
+
+10 And he that gathereth up the ashes of
+the cow shall wash his clothes, and be un-
+clean until the evening: and it shall be unto
+the children of Israel, and unto the stranger''
+that sojourneth auiong them, for a statute
+for ever.
+
+11 He that toucheth the dead body of any"
+human person shall be unclean seven da^-s.
+
+12 Such a one shall purify himself with it
+on the third day and on the seventh day,
+when he shall be clean ; but if he purify him-
+self not on the third day and on the seventh
+day, he shall not be clean.
+
+13- Whosoever toucheth the dead body, the
+person of any man that is dead, and purifieth
+himself not, hath defiled the tabernacle of
+the Lord; and that soul shall be cut off' from
+Israel ; because the water of sprinkling was
+not sprinkled upon him, he shall be unclean;
+his uncleanness is yet npon him.
+
+14 This is the law, when a man dieth in a
+tent: Every one that cometh into the tent,
+and all that is in the tent, shall be unclean
+seven days.
+
+15 And every open vessel, on which there
+is not a closely fitting cover, is unclean.
+
+16 And whosoever toucheth in the open
+field one that hath been slain with a sword,
+or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a
+grave, shall be unclean seven days.
+
+17 And they shall take for the unclean
+person some of the ashes of the burnt purifi-
+
+the law of Israel. The same is the case whenever this
+word occux's in reference to observance of religious duties.
+° Meaning, whether the dead be an Israelite or gen-
+tile.
+
+185
+
+
+NUMBERS XIX. XX. CHUCKATH.
+
+
+cation-offering, and they shall put thereupon
+running water in a vessel.*
+
+18 And a clean person shall take hyssop,
+and dip it in the water, and sprinkle it upon
+the tent, and upon all the vessels, and upon
+the persons that have been there, and upon
+liim that hath touched the bone, or the one
+slain, or the dead, or the grave :
+
+19 And the clean person shall sprinkle
+upon the unclean on the third day and on the
+seventh day; and when he hath purified him
+on the seventh day, then shall he wash his
+clothes, and bathe himself in water, and shall
+be clean at evening.
+
+20 But a man that is unclean, and doth
+not purify himself, that soul shall be cut off
+from among the congregation; because the
+sanctuary of the Lord hath he defiled; the
+water of sprinkling hath not been sprinkled
+u^jon him ; he is unclean.
+
+21 And it shall be unto them for a per-
+petual statute; and he that sprinkleth" the
+water of sprinkling shall wash his clothes;
+and he that toucheth the water of sprinkling
+shall be unclean until the evening.
+
+22 And whatsoever the unclean person
+may touch shall be unclean; and the person
+that toucheth him'' shall be unclean until the
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ][ And the children of Israel, the whole
+congregation, came into the desert of Zin in
+the first month, and the people abode in Ka-
+desh; and Miriam died there, and was buried
+there.
+
+2 And there was no water for the congre-
+gation; and they assembled themselves to-
+gether against Moses and against Aaron.
+
+3 And the people quarrelled with Moses,
+and said thus. Oh that we had but perished
+when our brethren perished Ijefore the Lord!
+
+4 And why have ye brouglit the congrega-
+tion of the Lord into this wilderness, to die
+there, we and our cattle?
+
+" The wiso men expound this, that he who sprinkles
+the water nf puriticatinn sliall not be rendered unclean, he
+is merely to wash his garments; while all others engaged
+in this sacrifiee are made unclean thereby, till evening.
+Hence, in view of these peculiarities, it is pre-eminently a
+statute, or a positive ordinance of the Lord, given as the
+will of our Legislator.
+
+^ ('. e. One defiled by touching a dead body.
+
+* "The Scriptures here declare, that had it not been
+186
+
+
+5 And wherefore have ye caused us to
+come up out of Egypt, to britig us jn unto
+this evil place ? it is no place for sowing, or
+of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; and
+water even there is none to drink.
+
+6 And Moses and Aaron went from the
+presence of the assembly unto the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell
+upon their faces : and the glory of the Lord
+appeared unto them.*
+
+7 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+in o*
+
+8 Take the staf!', and gather the assembly
+togetlier, thou, with Aaron thy lirother, and
+ye shall speak unto the rock before their eyes,
+that it shall aive forth its Avater; and tliou
+shalt bring forth for tliem water out of the
+rock, and give drink to the congregation and
+their cattle.
+
+9 And Moses took the staff from before the
+Lord, as he had commanded him.
+
+10 And Moses and Aaron assembled the
+congregation together before the rock, and he
+said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels! shall
+we out of this rock bring forth water for you?
+
+11 And Moses lifted up his hand, and he
+smote the rock with his staff twice : and there
+came out much water, and the congregation
+drank, together with their cattle.
+
+12 ^y And the Lord said unto Moses and
+Aaron, Because ye have not confided'' in me,
+to sanctify me before the ej'esof the children
+of Israel : therefore shall ye not bring this
+congregation into the land which I have given
+to them.
+
+13 The.se are the waters of Meribah ;'' Avhcre
+the children of Israel quarrelled with the
+Lord, and through which" he was sanctified.*
+
+14 ^ And Moses .sent messengers from Kor
+desh unto the king of Edom. Thus hath said
+thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the
+hardship that hath befallen us.
+
+15 How our lathers went down into Egypt,
+and we dwelt in Egypt many days; and the
+Egyptians did evil to us, and to our fathers :
+
+for this sin, they would have entered into the land, that
+it should not be said of them that they were punished for
+the transgression of their generation, against whom the
+decree had been pronounced, that they should not come to
+Palestine." — Rashi.
+
+'' Mirlhah means quarrelling. (See also Exodus xvii. 7.)
+" This refers to " the water," according to Rashi, who
+adds, "When the Lord executes judgment upon his
+saints, he becomes feared and sanctified among men.'
+
+
+NUMBERS XX. XXI. CHUCKATH.
+
+
+16 And we cried unto the Lord, and he
+heard our voice, and he sent a messenger,
+and caused us to go forth out of Egypt; and,
+behold, we are in Kadesh, a city at the out-
+most end of tliy border.
+
+17 Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy
+country; we will not pass through field, or
+through vineyard, and we will not drink the
+water of the wells: by tlie king's highway
+will we go, we will not tnrn to the right hand
+nor to the left, until we have passed thy Ijorder.
+
+18 And Edom said unto him, Tliou shalt
+not pass through my land, lest I come against
+thee with the sword.
+
+19 And the children of Israel said unto
+him. We will go by the highway : and if we
+drink of thy water, I and my cattle, then will
+I pay its value; I will do thee no injury,"
+only on foot will I pass through.
+
+20 And he said, Thou shalt not pass
+through; and Edom came out against him
+with much people, and with a strong hand.
+
+21 And as Edom thus refused to permit
+Israel to pass through his border, Israel
+turned away from him.*
+
+22 ^ And they set forward from Kadesh;
+and the children of Israel, the whole congre-
+gation,'' came unto mount Hor.
+
+23 And the Lord said unto Moses and
+Aaron at mount Ilor, by the boundaiy of the
+land of Edom, as followeth,
+
+24 Aaron shall be gathered unto his peo-
+ple; for he shall not enter into the land which
+I have given unto the children of Israel, be-
+cause ye rebelled against my order at the
+waters of Meribah.
+
+25 Take" Aaron and Elazar, his son, and
+cause them to go up unto mount Hor :
+
+26 And cause Aaron to take off his gar-
+ments, and clothe therewith Elazar his son;
+and Aaron shall be gathei'ed in, and he shall
+die there.
+
+27 And Moses did as the Lord had com-
+manded ; and they went up to mount Hor be-
+fore the eyes of all the congregation.
+
+
+' After Onkelos. Arnheim, "It is not the least even
+(I desire)." Philippson, "It is surelj' nothing."
+
+' All righteous and ready to enter Palestine; there
+was none left among them of those who had the decree of
+exclusion pronounced against them; for the whole of them
+had already perished, and of those who then remained, it
+was said, "And ye who have adhered unto the Lord your
+God, are all alive this day." — Kashi.
+
+
+28 And Moses caused Aaron to take off his
+garments, and he clothed therewith Elazar
+his son ; and Aaron died there on the top of
+the mount; and Moses and Elazar then came
+down from the mount.
+
+29 And when all the congregation saw that
+Aaron was departed, they wept for Aaron
+thirty days, even all the house of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ And when the Canaanite, the king of
+'Arad, who dwelt in the south, heard that
+Israel was coming by the way of the spies :°
+he made an attack on Israel, and took from
+them some prisoners.
+
+2 And Israel made a vow unto the Lord,
+and said, If thou wilt but deliver this people
+into my hand, then will I devote their cities.
+
+3 And the Lord hearkened to the voice of
+Israel, and he deliverd up the Canaanites ;
+and they devoted them and their cities : and
+they called the name of the place Chormah.
+
+4 ^ And they set forward from mount Hor
+by the way to the Red Sea, to go round the
+land of Edom : and the spirit of the people
+became impatient because of the way.*
+
+5 And the people spoke against God, and
+against Moses, Wherefore have ye brought us
+up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness ? for
+there is no bread, and there is no water ; and
+our soul loatheth this miserable bread.
+
+6 And the Lord let loose against the people
+poisonous serpents, and they bit the people;
+and there died much people of Israel.
+
+7 And the people then came to Moses,
+and they said, We have sinned, for we have
+spoken against the Lord, and against thee;
+pray unto the Lord, that he take away from
+us the serpents. And Moses praj-ed for the
+people.
+
+8 And the Lord said unto Moses, Make
+thyself a serpent," and set it upon a pole : and
+it shall come to pass, that whoever is bitten
+shall look at it, and he shall live.
+
+9 And Moses made a serpent of copper, and
+
+
+° According to the Septuagint, onnxn is the name of
+a place, " Atharim."
+
+^ Although, as just said, the people had been purified
+by the death of the fathers, still the sons also murmured
+when they themselves were yet detained from Palestine.
+
+° When they looked upward and subdued their heart
+to their Father in heaven, they were healed; and if not.
+they perished. — Yoma.
+
+^ *^ 187
+
+
+NUMBERS XXI. CHUCKATH.
+
+
+put it upon a pole ; and it came to pass, that,
+when a serpent had bitten any man, and he
+looked up to the serpent of copper, he re-
+mained alive.*
+
+10 And the children of Israel set forward,
+and encamped in Oboth.
+
+11 And they journeyed fronr Oboth, and
+encamped at 'lye-ha'abarini; in the wilder-
+ness, which is before Moab, toward the rising
+of the sun.
+
+12 From there they set forward and en-
+camped in the valley'' of Zered.
+
+13 From there tliey set forward, and en-
+camped on the other side of Anion, which is
+in the wilderness, and which cometh out of
+the boundary of the Emorites ; for Anion is
+the border of Moab, between Moab and be-
+tween the Emoi'ites.
+
+14 Therefore mention is made in the book
+uf the wars of the Lord, of Vaheb in Supha,''
+and of the brooks of Arnon,
+
+15 And the descent of the brooks, that
+turnetli toward Shebeth-'Ar, and leaneth upon
+the border of Moiib ;
+
+16 And from there to the well; this is
+the well where the Lord said unto Moses,
+Assemble the people and I will give them
+water.
+
+17 T[ Then did Israel sing this song, Come
+up, 0 well ; sing ye unto it :
+
+18 Well, which the princes have dug, which
+the nobles of the people have hollowed out
+with the sceptre, with their staves; — and
+from the wilderness to Mattanah ;
+
+19 And from Mattanah to Nachaliel ; and
+from Nachaliel to Bamoth ;
+
+20 And from Bamoth to the valley, which
+is in the fields of Moab, to the top of Pis-
+gah, which looketh toward the desert.*
+
+21 ^[ And Israel sent messengers unto Si-
+chon the king of the Emorites, saying,
+
+22 Let me pass through thy land ; we will
+not turn aside into field, or into vineyard ;
+we will not drink the water of a well : by the
+
+
+* Tlio wadys, or doop valleys, in the neighbourhood of
+Palestiiio, f^cnorally have a stream running thruugh them,
+whieh swells greatly in the rainy season. Hence '7nj sig-
+nifies both " valley" and " stream."
+
+■" These places, and those mentioned farther, are names
+whieh occur in the book of the wars of the LtiRD, and are
+unknown to us now. Arnon has several branches which
+form the main stream. The descent next spoken of refers
+to these rivulets, which unite and How toward the city of
+18«
+
+
+king's highway will we go along, until we
+have passed thy border.
+
+23 But Sichon would not sufter Israel to
+pass through his border ; and Sichon assem-
+bled all his people together, and went out
+against Israel into the wilderness ; and he
+came to Yahaz, and fought against Israel.
+
+24 And Israel smote him with the edge of
+the sword, and took possession of his land
+from Anion unto Yabbok, even unto the chil-
+dren of 'Amnion; for the border of the chil-
+dren of 'Amnion was strong.'^
+
+25 And Israel took all these cities ; and
+Israel dwelt in all the cities of the Emorites,
+in Cheshbon, and in all the villages thereof.
+
+26 For Cheshbon was the city of Sichon
+the kino- of the Emorites ; and he had foimht
+against the former king of Moiib, and taken
+all his land out of his hand, up to the Arnon.
+
+27 Therefore said the poets. Come into
+Cheshbon, let the city of Sichon be built tuid
+established.
+
+28 For a fire is gone out of Cheshbon, a
+flame from the city of Sichon : it hatli con-
+sumed 'Ar-Moab, the men of the high places
+of the Arnon.
+
+29 Wo to thee, Moab! thou art lost, 0
+people of Kemosh : he hath suftered his sons
+to become fugitives, and his daughters to go
+into Ciiptivity, unto the king of the Emorites,
+Sichon.
+
+30 A^e have thrown them down; lost is
+Cheshljon even unto Dibon, and we have laid
+waste (all) up to Nophach, which reacheth
+unto Medeba.
+
+31 Thus Israel dwelt in the land of the
+Emorites.
+
+32 And Moses sent to spy out Ya'zer, and
+they captured the villages thereof, and drove
+out the Emorites that were there.
+
+33 And they turned and went up by the
+way to Bashan; and 'Og, the king of Bash an,
+went out against them, he, and all his people,
+to the battle at Edrei.*
+
+
+'Ar-Moab, here called Shebeth-'Ar, literally, "dwelling
+of 'Ar;" whence the river turned to the well. Beer, which
+was discovered probably in a couutry otherwise destitute
+of good drink water. (Jnkelos renders, " .\nd thence was
+tlu^ well given them." English version, " And from
+thence they went to Beer." In this version, Arnheim'a
+translation has been followed.
+
+° " And what was its strength 'I the prohibition of God,
+who liad told them, 'Attack them not,'" &c. — Rasiii
+
+
+NUMBERS XXI. XXII. BALAK.
+
+
+34 And the Lord said unto Moses, Fear
+him not; for into thy liand have I delivered
+him, and all his people, and his laud; and
+thou shalt do unto him as thou hast done
+unto Siehon. the king of the Emorites, who
+dwelt at Cheshbuu.
+
+35 And they smote him and his sons, and
+all his people, until there was none left unto
+him that escaped; and they took possession
+of his land.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 And the children of Israel set forward,
+and encamped in the plains of Moab, on this
+side of the Jordan, opposite Jericho.
+
+Haphtorah in Judges xi. 1 to 33.
+
+
+SECTION XL. BALAK, ph2.
+
+2 ][ And Balak the son of Zippor saw all
+that Israel had done to the Emorites.
+
+3 And Moiib was greatly afraid of the peo-
+ple, because it was numerous ; and Moitb was
+horrified because of the children of Israel.
+
+4 And Moiib said unto the elders of Midian,
+Now will this assemblage devour all that is
+rouud about us, as the ox devoureth the grass
+of the field ; and Balak the son of Zippor Avas
+king of MoJib at that time.
+
+5 x\nd he sent messengers unto Bil'am" the
+son of Beor to Pethor, which is by the river,
+in the land of the children of his people, to
+have him called; saying. Behold, there is a
+people come out from Egypt ; behold, it cover-
+eth the surface of the earth, and it is abiding
+opposite to me:
+
+6 And now do but come, curse me this
+people; for it is too mighty for me; perad-
+venture I may be able to smite it, that I may
+drive it out of the land; for I know that he
+whom thou blessest is blessed, and he whom
+thou cursest is cursed.
+
+7 And the elders of Moiib and the elders
+of Midian departed with the rewards'' ol' divi-
+nation in their hand; and they came unto
+Bifam, and spoke unto him the words of
+Balak.
+
+• Eng. ver. "Balaam."
+
+'' According to Midrash Rabba, quoted by Rashi, the
+translation sbould be, "with instrimieuts of divination in
+their hands."
+
+" Bj' not stating the reasons for this refusal, the mes-
+Bengers were left in doubt as regards them. Hence they
+
+
+8 And he said unto them. Remain you
+here this night, and I will bring you word
+again, as the Lokd may speak unto me; and
+the princes of Moiib abode with Bil'am.
+
+9 And God came unto Bil'am, and said,
+Who are these men with thee?
+
+10 And Bil'am said unto God, Balak the
+son of Zippor, the king of Moiib, hath sent
+unto me, (saying,)
+
+11 Behold, there is the people that is come
+out of Egypt, and covereth the foce of tlie
+earth : now come, denounce it for me ; perad-
+ventui'e I shall he al)le to fight against it, and
+drive it away.
+
+12 And God said unto Bil'am, Thou slialt
+not go with them : thou shalt not curse the
+people; for it is blessed.*
+
+13 And Bil'am rose up in the morning,
+and said unto the princes of Balak, Go back
+to your land; for the Lord refusoth to give
+me leave to go with" you.
+
+14 And the jirinces of Moiib rose up, and
+they went unto Balak, and said, Bil'am refus-
+eth to come with us.
+
+15 And Balak sent yet again princes, more
+in number, and more honourable than those.
+
+IG And they caine to Bil'am, and said to
+him. Thus hath said Balak the son of Zippor,
+Do not suft'er thyself. I pray thee, to Ije pre-
+vented from coming unto me ;
+
+17 For I will honour thee greatly, and
+whatsoever thou mayest say unto me will I
+do : and only come, I pray thee, denounce me
+this people.
+
+18 And Bil'am answered and said unto the
+servants of Balak, If Balak would give me his
+house full of silver and gold, I could not
+transgress the order of the Lord my God, to
+do a small or a great thing.
+
+19 And now, I pray you, tarry ye also
+here this night, that I may know what the
+Lord will farther speak with me.
+
+20 And God came unto Bil'am at night,
+and said unto him, If to call thee the men
+have come, rise up, go with them ; but only
+the word which I shall speak unto thee, that
+shalt thou do.*
+
+
+and the king thought, perhaps, that it was because the de-
+putation had not been commensurate with the dignity of
+the prophet; wherefore Balak despatched a second more
+numerous and honoured deputation to call him, and
+then for the first time did Bil'am reveal his powerless-
+ness.
+
+189
+
+
+NUMBERS XXII. XXIII. BALAK.
+
+
+21 And Bil'am rose up in the morning,
+and saddled his ass, and went with the princes
+of Moiib.
+
+22 And the anger of God was kindled, be-
+cause he went; and an angel of the Lord
+placed himself in the way to be a hindrance
+to him; and he was riding upon his ass, and
+his two servants were with him.
+
+23 And the ass saw the angel of the Lord
+standing in the way, with his sword drawn in
+his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the
+way, and went into the field: and Bil'am
+smote the ass, to make her turn into the
+way.
+
+24 But the angel of the Lord stepped into
+a path between the vineyards, (with) a wall
+on this side, and a wall on that side.
+
+25 And when the ass saw the angel of the
+Lord, she forced herself against the wall, and
+pressed Bil'am's foot against the wall : and he
+smote her again.
+
+26 And the angel of the Lord went yet
+farther, and stood in a narrow place, Avhere
+there was no way to turn either to the right
+or to the left.
+
+27 And when the ass saw the angel of the
+Lord, she lay down under Bil'am : whereupon
+Bil'am's anger was kindled, and he smote the
+ass with a stick.
+
+28 And the Lord opened the mouth of the
+ass, and she said unto Bil'am, What have I
+done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me
+these three times?
+
+29 And Bil'am said unto the ass. Because
+thou hast mocked me : had I Ijut a sword in
+my hand, I would assuredly have now killed
+thee.
+
+.^0 And the ass said unto Bil'am, Am not
+I thy ass, upon which thou hast ridden from
+thy commencement" unto this da_y? was I
+ever wont to do so unto thee ? and he said,
+No.
+
+31 Then the Lord opened the eyes of
+Bil'am, and he saw the angel of the Lord
+standing in the way, with his sword drawn in
+his hand : and he bowed down his head and
+prostrated himself on his face.
+
+32 And the angel of the Lord said unto
+
+* Hob. "From thy first being," which the commentator
+to Mendelssohn's transhitiou explains, "from the first time
+thou didst ride."
+
+'' Mendelssohn, after Kashi; and it means that though
+permission had been given to the gentile prophet to go to
+190
+
+
+him, Wherefore hast thou smitten thy ass
+these three times? behold, I went out to be
+a hindrance; because the journey which is
+odious to me was too quickly begun.''
+
+33 And the ass saw me, and turned aside
+before me these three times; if she had not
+turned aside from me, I would surely now not
+only have slain thee, but saved her alive.
+
+34 And Bil'am said unto the angel of the
+Lord, I have sinned; for'^ I knew not that
+thou wast standing against me in tlie way;
+but now, if it be evil in thy eyes, I will return
+home again.
+
+35 And the angel of the Lord said unto
+Bil'am, Go with the men; however, only the
+word which I will speak unto thee, that shalt
+thou speak :* and Bil'am went with the jjrinces
+of Balak.
+
+36 And when Balak heard that Bil'am was
+come, he went out to meet him unto 'Ir-Moab,
+which is on the border of Arnon, which is at
+the outmost end of the boundary.
+
+37 And Balak said unto Bil'am, Did I not
+earnestly send unto thee to have thee called?
+wherefore camest thou not unto me? in truth,
+am I not able to honour thee?
+
+38 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Lo, I am
+come unto thee; have I now any power Avhat^
+ever to speak the least? the word that God
+may put in my mouth, that alone must I
+speak.*
+
+39 And Bil'am went with Balak, and the}-
+came unto Kiryath-chuzoth.
+
+40 And Balak slew oxen and sheep, and
+sent to Bil'am, and to the princes that were
+with him.
+
+41 And it came to pass in the morning,
+that Balak took Bil'am, and brought him ujj
+into the high places of Baiil, and he saw
+thence a portion of the people.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Build me
+here seven altars, and prepare me here seven
+bullocks and seven rams.
+
+2 And Balak did as Bil'am had spoken;
+and Balak and Bil'am offered a IjuUock and a
+ram on every altar.
+
+
+Balak, he nevertheless showed too great and culpable an
+eagerness to attempt cursing the people of God.
+
+" Arnheini renders o with "that;" Philippson, with
+"nevertheless."
+
+'' Bil'am was evidently anxious to injure Israel.
+
+
+NUMBERS XXIII. BALAK.
+
+
+3 And Biram paid \nito Balak, Place thy-
+self bv thy burnt-oflering ; and I will go, per-
+adveiiture the Lord will come to meet me,
+and whatsoevei- he ■ may show me I will tell
+thee: and he went thoughttully alone."
+
+4 And God met BiFam : and he said unto
+him. The seven altars have I made ready,
+and I have offered a bullock and a ram upon
+every altar.
+
+5 And the Lord put a word'' in Bil'am's
+mouth, and said, Return unto Balak, and thus
+shalt thou speak.
+
+6 And he returned unto him, and, lo, he
+was standing l)y his burnt-offering, he, and all
+the princes of Moiib.
+
+7 And he took up his parable, and said.
+From Aram did Balak send for me, the king
+of MoJib, out of the mountains of the east.
+Come, curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel.
+
+8 How shall I denounce, ^vliom God hath
+not denounced? and how shall I defy, whom
+the Lord hath not defied?
+
+9 For from the top of rocks I see him, and
+from hills I behold him: lo, it is a people
+that shall dwell alone, and among the nations
+it shall not be reckoned.
+
+10 Who can count the dust of Jacob, and
+number the fourth part of Israel ? May my
+soul die the death of the righteous, and may
+ni}- last end be like his!"
+
+11 And Balak said unto Bil'am, What hast
+thou done unto me? to denounce my enemies
+did I take thee, and, behold, thou hast even
+blessed them.
+
+12 And he answered and said. Must I not
+take heed to speak that only which the Lord
+may put in my mouth?*
+
+13 And Balak said unto him, Come, I pray
+thee, wdth me unto another place, from where
+thou canst see them; nevertheless a portion
+of them only wilt thou see, liut the whole of
+them thou wilt not see : and denounce them
+for me from there.
+
+14 And he brought him to the field of the
+watchmen, on the top of Pisgah, and he built
+
+
+* Mendelssohn renders, "to a mountain-top;" but On-
+kelos gives tpi' "alone;" Raslii agrees with this. Arn-
+hcim renders "devoutly." In the present version it has
+been endeavoured to unite both these ideas.
+
+^ Mendelssohn, "ausvper;" Philippson, "speech."
+
+° i. e. The people, personified as an individual.
+
+'' Onkeios refers both the " wrong" and " perverseness"
+to the worship of idols, and so is it rendered by Arnheim.
+^Sd ni>nn is given after Onkclos. Rashij Easbbam, and,
+
+
+seven altars, and offered a bullock and a ram
+on every altar.
+
+15 And he s;ud unto Balak, Place thyself
+here by thy burnt-offering, while I wall repair
+to yonder place.
+
+16 And tlie Lord met Bil'am, and put a
+word in his mouth, and said. Return unto
+Balak, and thus shalt thou speak.
+
+17 And he came to him, and behold, he
+was standing by his burnt-offering, and the
+princes of MoJib with him; and Balak said
+imto him. What hath the Lord spoken?
+
+18 And he took up his parable, and said.
+Rise up, Balak, and hear; bend hither thy
+ear unto me, son of Zippor !
+
+19 God is not a man, that he should lie;
+nor a son of man, that he should repent:
+hath he said, and shall he not do it? and
+hath he spoken, and shall he not fulfil it?
+
+20 Behold, to bless I have received (the
+word) ; and he hath blessed, and I cannot re-
+verse it.
+
+21 He hath not beheld any wrong'" in Ja-
+cob, nor hath he seen perverseness in Israel:
+the Lord his God is with him, and the glory
+of the king dvvelletli among him.
+
+22 God, who brought them out of Egypt,
+is to them like the heights" of the reem.
+
+23 For there is no enchantment in Jacob,
+nor is there any divination in Israel : at the
+proper time shall it be said to Jacol) and to
+Israel, what God doth work.
+
+24 Behold, it is a people, that shall lise up
+as a lioness, and as a lion shall it raise itself:
+it will not lie down until it have eaten the
+prey, and have drunk the blood of the slain.
+
+25 And Balak said unto Bil'am, Neither
+shalt thou denounce them, nor shalt thou any
+wise bless them.
+
+26 But Bil'am answered and said unto Ba-
+lak, Have I not spoken unto thee, saying,
+All that the Lord will speak, that must I
+do?*
+
+27 And Balak said unto Bil'am, Come, 1
+pray thee, I will take thee unto anothei
+
+after them, Arnheim, render it with "love" or " kindness.''
+Philippson, "the joyous shout of the king."
+
+" Arnheim, after whom this verse is given, thinks that
+it means " God is to the people a sure refuge, like the
+Alpine heights are to the reem, which he supposes to be
+here the chamois, where it is safe against the hunter." On-
+keios translates " the strength and height are his," (God's,)
+meaning that He is mightier than all. 0. does not re-
+gard therefore dni as the name of an animal in this verse.
+^^ 19i
+
+
+x^UMBERS XXIII. XXIV. BALAK.
+
+
+place . peradventure it may be pleasing in the
+eyes of God that thou mayest denounce them
+for me from there.
+
+28 And Balak took Bil'am unto the top of
+Peer, that looketh toward the desert.
+
+29 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Build me
+here seven altars, and prepare me here seven
+bullocks and seven rams.
+
+30 And Balak did as Bil'am had said, and
+he offered a Ijullock and a ram on every altar.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 And when Bil'am saw that it was pleas-
+ing in the eyes of the Lord to bless Israel,
+he went not, as at other times, to seek for en-
+chantments, but he set his face toward the
+wilderness.
+
+2 And Bil'am lifted up his eyes, and when
+he saw Israel encamped according to their
+tribes, there came upon him the spirit of
+God.
+
+3 And he took up his parable, and said,
+Thus saith Bil'am the son of Beor, and thus
+saith the man whose eyes are open ;
+
+4 Thus saith he who heareth the sayings
+of God, w^ho seeth the vision of the Almighty,
+falling down, with unvailed eyes :
+
+•5 How beautiful are thy tents, 0 Jacob,
+thy dwellings, 0 Israel !
+
+6 As streams" are they spread forth, as
+gardens by the river's side, as aloe-trees,
+which the Lord hath planted, as cedar-trees
+beside the waters.
+
+7 Water runneth out of His** buckets, that
+his seed may be moistened by abundance of
+water; and exalted above Agag shall be his
+king, and raised on high shall be his kingdom.
+
+8 God, who In'ought him forth out of
+Egypt, is to him like the heights of the reem;
+he will devour nations, his opi)ressors, and
+their bones will he break, and pierce (them)
+through with his arrows.
+
+9 He coucheth, he lieth down as a lion,
+and as a, lioness: who shall make him rise up?
+They that bless thee be blessed, and they that
+curse thee be cursed.
+
+10 And the anger of Balak was kindled
+
+• Others, "valleys."
+
+'' Arnheim refers " his" to God, who is represented as
+))lanting the trees of Israel by flowing streams, the great
+fertilizers in all eountries, partieularly in warm elimates;
+the buckets of '.Jod, his clouds, then send forth a con-
+stant supply, that the seed of the trees spokeu of may be
+102
+
+
+against Bil'am, and he struck his hands to-
+gether : and Balak said unto Bil'am, To de-
+nounce my enemies did I call thee, and, be-
+hold, thou hast even blessed them these three
+times.
+
+11 And now flee thou to thy place: I
+thought to honour thee greatly ; but, lo, the
+Lord hath kept thee back from honour.
+
+12 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Did I not
+already speak to thy messengers, whom thou
+sentest unto me, saying,
+
+13 If Balak would give me his house full
+of silver and gold, I could not transgress the
+order of the Lord, to do good or evil out of
+my own heart : what the Lord will speak,
+that must I sjjeak ?*
+
+14 And now, behold, I am going unto my
+people : come, I will advi.se thee against what
+this peojjle will do to thy people in the end
+of days.
+
+15 And he took up his parable and said,
+Thus saith Bil'am the son of Beor, and thus
+saith the man whose eyes are open ;
+
+16 Thus saith he who heareth the sayings
+of God, and knoweth the knowledge of the
+Most High, who seeth the vision of the Al-
+mighty, falling down, with unvailed eyes :
+
+17 I see him, but not now; I behold him,
+but not nigh ; there steppeth forth a star out
+of Jacob, and there ariseth a sceptre out of
+Israel, and he pierceth the chiefs" of Moiib, and
+destroyeth all the children of Sheth.
+
+18 And Edom shall be a conquest, and
+Seir shall be a conquest for his enemies ; and
+Israel shall do valiantly.
+
+19 And there shall rule the one from Jacob,
+and he shall destroy whatever escapeth out
+of the city.
+
+20 And he looked on Amalek, and he took
+up his parable, and said, The first of nations*
+is Amalek ; but his latter end shall be de-
+struction" for ever.
+
+21 And he looked on the Kenites, and
+took up his parable, and said. Strong is tliy
+dwelling-place, and placed on the rock is thy
+nest.*^ ■
+
+22 Nevertheless the Keuite shall be wast^
+
+
+blessed by the abundance of the element through which
+they grow.
+
+° After Onkelos. Arnheim and others, "corners."
+
+^ To war against Israel. — Onkelos.
+
+' Leadeth to destruction. — Arnheim.
+
+' i. e, The mountain-strongholds of the Kenites.
+
+
+NUMBERS XXIV. XXV. XXVI. PINECTIAS.
+
+
+ed : whither'' will Asshur carry thee away
+captive ?
+
+23 And he took up liis parable, and said,
+Alas, who shall live when God doth appoint
+this one ?'^
+
+24 But ships will come from tlie coast of
+Kittim, and will afllict Asshur, and will afflict
+'Eber; and he also will be given to destruction
+for ever.
+
+25 And Bil'am rose up, and went and re-
+turned to his place ; and Balak also went his
+way.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ]| And Israel abode in Shittim, and the
+people began to commit incest with the
+daughters of Moab.
+
+2 And they called tlie people unto the sa-
+crifices of their gods : and the people did eat,
+and bowed themselves down to their gods.
+
+3 And Israel joined themselves unto Baal-
+peor; and the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against Isi'ael.
+
+4 And the Lord said unto Moses, Take
+all the heads of the people, and (cause them
+to) hang'' the (guilty) up before the Lord, in
+the face of the sun, that the fierce angei' of
+the Lord may be turned away from Israel.
+
+5 And Moses said unto the judges of Israel,
+Slay ye eveiy one his men that have been
+joined unto Baill-peor.
+
+6 And, ))ehold, one of the children of Israel
+came, and brought unto his brethren a Midi-
+anitish woman, before the eyes of Moses, and
+before the eyes of all the congregation of the
+children of Israel, and these were weeping by
+the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.*
+
+7 And when Phinehas, the son of Elazar,
+the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up
+from the midst of the congregation, and took
+a javelin in his hand;
+
+8 And he went after the man of Israel into
+the tent, and thrust both of them through,
+the man of Israel, and the woman through
+her Ijody : and the plague was stayed from
+the children of Israel.
+
+
+" Rashi. How long will it he when Asshur will, &c.
+— Arnheim.
+
+'' i. c. When God sends Asshur to execute his will.
+See Isaiah x. 5. — Philippson, "Wo! who might live, if
+God dispense it!"
+
+'■■ And judge and slay those who deserve death. —
+Onkei.os.
+
+Z
+
+
+9 And those that dicil in the ])laguc were
+twenty and four thousand.
+
+Haphtorah in ]Micab v. G tu vi. S.
+
+
+SECTION XLI. PINECHAS, DnrS.
+
+10 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses,
+saying,
+
+11 Phinehas, the s<m of Elazar, the son of
+Aaron the jjriest, hath turned away my wrath
+from the children of Israel, while he was zeal-
+ous in my stead' in the midst of them, that I
+consumed not the children of Israel in my
+indignation.
+
+12 Therefore say. Behold, I give unto him
+my covenant of peace ;
+
+13 And it shall be unto him and unto liis
+seed after him a covenant of an everlasting
+l)riesthood ; because he was zealous for his
+God, and made an atonement for the children
+of Israel. •
+
+14 Now the name of the man of Israel that
+was slain, who was slain with the Midianitish
+woman, was Zimri, the son of Sahlu, a prince
+of a family division among the Simeonites.
+
+15 And the name of the Midianitish wo-
+man that was slain was Cozbi, the daughter
+of Zur ; he was head of tribes, of a family di-
+vision in Midian.
+
+16 ^[ And the Lord spoke unto Mo.ses,
+saying,
+
+17 Attack the Midianites and smite them;
+
+18 For they ai"e enemies unto you with
+their wiles, wherewith they have beguiletl
+you in the matter of Peor. and in the matter
+of Cozbi, the daughter of a jirince of Midian,
+their sister, who was slain on the day of the
+plague for the sake of Peor.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 And it came to pa,ss after the plague,
+
+^ That tlie Lord spoke unto Moses and
+unto Elazar the son of Aaron the jiriest, say-
+
+2 Take ye the sum of all the congregation
+of the children of Israel, from twenty years
+
+^ Heb. " In his avenging my vengeance ;" meaning,
+that Phinehas executed the judgment which the Lord
+would otherwise have executed upon the daring Zimri. —
+The word "indignation" is used here for 'nNJp3, as this
+expresses the idea of " wrath existed by the exhibition
+of the apostasy" spoken of in the first verses of this chap-
+ter, better than "jealousy."
+
+i9a
+
+
+NUMBERS XXVI
+
+old and upward, by the descent from their
+
+
+PINECHAS.
+
+
+fathers, all that are able to go forth to war in
+Israel.
+
+0 And Moses witliErazar the priest spoke
+with them in the plains of Moab by the Jor-
+dan opposite Jericho, saying,
+
+4 (Take" the sum of the peoj^le,) from
+twenty years old and upward ; as the Lokd
+commanded Moses and the children of Israel,
+who went forth out of the land of Egypt.*
+
+5 Heiiljen, the eldest son of Israel : the
+children of Reuben, of Chanoch, the family
+of the Chanochites; of Pallu, the family of
+the Palluites ;
+
+6 Of Chezron, the family of the Chezron-
+ites ; of Carmi, the family of the Carmites.
+
+7 These are the families of the Reiibenites;
+and those that were numbered of them were
+forty and three thousand and seven hundred
+and tliirty.
+
+8 And the sons of Pallu : Eliab.
+
+9 And the sons of Eliab : Nemuel, and Da-
+than, and Abiram. These are Dathan and
+Abiram. men called to the assembly, who
+(juarrelled against Moses and against Aaron
+in the company of Korach, at the time they
+Quarrelled against the Lord;
+
+1 0 When the earth opened her mouth, and
+swallowed them up together with Korach,
+while that company died, when the fire de-
+voured the two hundred and fifty men ; and
+they became a sign.''
+
+1 1 But the sons of Korach did not die.
+
+V2 ^ The sons of Simeon after their fami-
+lies : of Nemuel, the family of the Nemuelites;
+of Yaniin, the family of the Yaminites; of
+Yachin, the family of the Yachinites ;
+
+13 Of Zerach, the family of the Zarchites ;
+of Sliaid, the family of the Shaiilites.
+
+14 These are the I'aniilies of the Simeon-
+ites, twenty and two thousand and two hun-
+dred.
+
+10 ^ The children of Gad after their fami-
+lies : of Ze})ho)i, the family of the Zephonites;
+of Cliaggi, the family of the Chaggites; of
+Slauii, the family of the Shunites;
+
+
+16 Of Ozni, the family of the Oznites ; of
+'Ei-i, the family of the 'Erites ;
+
+1 7 Of Arod, the family of the Arodites ; of
+Areli, the family of the Arelites ;
+
+18 These are the families of the children
+of Gad according to those that were numbered
+of them, forty thousand and five hundred.
+
+19 ^1 The sons of Judah were Kv and
+Onan ; and 'Er with Onan died in the land of
+Canaan.
+
+20 And the sons of Judah after their fami-
+lies were: of Shelah, the famil}' of the She-
+lanites; of Perez, the family of the Parzites ;
+of Zerach, the family of the Zarchites.
+
+21 And the sons of Perez were : of Chez-
+ron, the family of the Chezronites ; of Cha-
+mul, the i'amil_) of the Chamulites.
+
+22 These are the families of Judah, accord-
+ing to those that were numbered of theiri,
+seventy and six thousand and five hundred.
+
+23 •[[ The sons of Issachar after their fami-
+lies: of Tola', the family of the Tolaites; of
+Puva, the family of the Punites ;
+
+24 Of Yashub, the tamily- of the Yashubites;
+of Shinn-on, the family of the Shimronites.
+
+25 These are the families of Issachar ac-
+cording to those that were nundxM-ed of them,
+sixty and four thousand and Ihree hundred
+
+26 ][ The sons of Zebulun after their fami-
+lies : of Sered, the family of the Sardite>; ; of
+Elon, the family of the Elonites; of Yachleel,
+the family of the Yachleelites.
+
+27 These are the families of the Zebuion-
+ites according to those that were numbered of
+them, sixty thousand and five hundred.
+
+28 T[ The sons of Joseph after their fami-
+lies are Menas.seh and Ephraim.
+
+29 The sons of Menasseh : of Macliir. the
+family t)f the Machirites ; and Machir begat
+Gil'ad ; of Gil'ad, the family of the Gil'adites.
+
+30 These are the sons of Gil'ad : of I'ezer,
+the family of the I'ezerites ; of Chelek, the
+family of the Chelkites;
+
+31 " And of Assriel, the family of the Assri-
+elites; and of Shechem, the family of the
+Shichmites ;
+
+
+" The worJs enclosed in parentheses are not in the He-
+brew, as is likewise tlie ease with nearly all others marked
+tiius in this version; but they are such as are absolutely
+required by the context.
+
+' The )iunishnient inflicted on the trangressors must
+always be Inoked upon as a means of guarding others
+against following the i-inful cuMrsc through which the
+VM
+
+
+evil was brought upon the sinners ; hence the persons in
+the text are said to have become a "sign," or, more pro-
+perly, a " banner," or a signal raised up on high, as a land-
+mark for those who may pass the road where tiie banner
+is planted. Hashi, tiierefore, comments, " As a sign
+and memorial, in order that no stranger shall iu future ap-
+proach to contend about the priesthood."
+
+
+NUMBERS XXVI. PINECHAS.
+
+
+32 And of Shemida', the family of the She-
+mida'ites; and of Chepher, the family of the
+Cheph rites.
+
+83 And Zelophchad the son of Chepher
+had no sons, hut only daughters; and the
+names of the daughters of Zelophchad were
+Machlah. and No' ah, Choglah", Milcah, and
+Tirzah.
+
+34 These are the families of Menasseh ; and
+those that were numbered of them were fifty
+and two thousand and seven hundred.
+
+35 ^ These are the sons of Ephraim after
+their families : of Shuthelach, the family of
+the Shuthalehites ; of Becher, the family of
+the Bachrites ; of Tachan, the family of the
+Taehanites.
+
+30 And tliese are the sons of Shuthelach :
+of "Eran, the i'amily of the 'Eranites.
+
+37 These are the families of the sons of
+Ephraim according to those that were num-
+bered of them, thirty and two thousand and
+five hundred : these are the sons of Joseph
+after their families.
+
+38 |[ The sons of Benjamin after their
+families : of Bela', the family of the Bal'ites ;
+of xVshbel, the family of the Ashbelites; of
+Achiram, the family of the Achiramites ;
+
+39 Of Shephupham,'' the family of the
+Shuphamites ; of Ohupham, the family of the
+Chuphamites.
+
+40 And the sons of Bela' were Ard and
+Na'aman : ol" Ard, the family of the Ardites ;
+and of Na'aman, the family of the Na'am-
+ites.
+
+41 These are the sons of Benjamin after
+their families ; and those that were numbered
+of them were forty and five thousand and six
+hundred.
+
+42 ^ These are the sons of Dan after their
+families : of Shueham, the familj^ of the Slm-
+chamites ; these are the families of Dan after
+their families.
+
+43 All the families of the Shuchamites,
+according to those that were numbered of
+them, were sixty and four thousand and four
+hundred.
+
+44 ^[ The children of Asher after their
+fixmilies : of Yimnah, the family of the Yim-
+
+' In comparing the names of the families of Israel with
+those of the fathers who first came into Egypt, there will
+be found considerable variation in some of them ; for in-
+stance, the name in the text is i^hephupham ; in Genesis
+xlvi. 21, it is Muppira ; so likewise Nemuel is in Genesis
+
+
+nites ; of Yishvi, the family of the Yishvites ;
+of Beri'ah, the family of the Beri'ites.
+
+45 Of the sons of Beri'ah : of Cheber, the
+family of the Chebrites ; of Malkiel, the family
+of the Makielites.
+
+46 And the name of the daughter of Aslier
+was Serach.
+
+47 These are the families of the sons of
+Asher according to those that were numbered
+of them, fifty and three thousand and four
+hundred.
+
+48 ][ The sons of Naphtali after their fami-
+lies : of Yachzeel, the family of the Yachzeel-
+ites ; of Guni, the family of the Gunites ;
+
+49 Of Yezer, the family of the Yizrites ; of
+Shillem, the family of the Shillemites.
+
+5(J These are the families of Naphtali ac-
+cording to their families ; and those that were
+numbered of them were forty and five thou-
+sand and four hundred.
+
+51 These were the numbered of the chil-
+dren of Israel, six hundred thousand, and one
+thousand, seven hundred and thirty. •■'
+
+52 ^ And the Lokd spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+53 Unto these shall tlie land be divided for
+an inheritance according to the number of the
+names.
+
+54 To the large tribe shall thou give the
+more inheritance, and to the small shalt tliou
+give the less inheritance : to each according to
+those that were numbered thereof shall its in-
+heritance be given.
+
+55 Nevertheless, through the lot shall the
+land be divided : according to the names of
+the tribes of their fathers shall they obtain
+their inheritance.
+
+56 By the decision of the lot shall the in-
+heritance of each be divided, according as they
+ai'e many or few.
+
+57 *\\ And these are those tliat weie num-
+bered of the Levites after their families : of
+Gershon, the family of the Gerslnniites; oi'
+Kehath, the family of the Kehathites ; ot'
+Merari, the family of the Merarites.
+
+58 These are the families of Levi : the
+family of the Libnites, the family of the Che-
+bronites, the family of the Machlites, the
+
+
+Yemuel; Zoehar there, is Zerach here; Yob is Yaslmb,
+&c. The reason of these changes is not very ;ip|iarent :
+perhaps the original founders of the family were known
+by both names, or these may have become corrupted in
+the process of time.
+
+195
+
+
+NUMBERS XXVI. XXVII. PINECHAS.
+
+
+family of the Mushites, the family of the
+Korciiites ; and Kehatli begat 'Amram.
+
+59 And the name of 'Amram's wife was
+Yochebed, the daughter of Levi, whom (her
+mother) bore to Levi in Egypt ; and slie bore
+unto Anu-am, Aaron and Moses, and Miriam
+their sister.
+
+00 And there were born unto Aaron, Na-
+dab, and Abiliu, Elazar, and Ithamar.
+
+61 And Nadab and Abihu died, when they
+offered a strange tire before the Lord.
+
+62 And those that were numbered of them
+were twenty and three thousand, all the males
+from a month old and upward; for they were
+not numbered among the children of Israel,
+because there was not given unto them ar.y
+inheritance among the children of Israel.
+
+63 These are those that were numbered by
+Moses and Elazar the priest, who numbered
+the children of Israel in the plains of Moiib by
+the Jordan, opposite Jericho.
+
+64 And among these there was not one
+man of those whom Moses and Aaron the
+priest had numbered, who numbered the
+children of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai.
+
+60 For the LoKij had said of them. They
+shall surely die in the wilderness : and there
+was not left of them one man, save Caleb the
+son of Yephunneh, and Joshua the son of
+Nun.
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^f And there came nigh the daughters of
+Zelophchad, the son of Chepher, the son of
+Cil'ad, the son of Macliir, the son of Menas-
+seh, of the families of Menasseh the son of
+Joseph : and these are the names of his
+daughters, Machlah, No' ah, and Choglah, and
+Milcah, and Tirzah.
+
+2 And they stood before Moses, and before
+Elazar the priest, and before the princes, and
+all the congregation, by the door of the taber-
+nacle ol" tlie congregation, saying,
+
+3 Our father died in the wilderness ; but he
+was n(»t among the company of those that
+gathered themselves together against the Lord
+in the (■(>iii])any of Korach ; but in his own
+sin he died, and sons he had not.
+
+4 Why should the name of our father be
+don(' away fi'om the midst of his family, be-
+
+
+* Meaning, that they had omitted to sanctify God.
+Mendelssohn, therefore, translates freely, " Because you
+196
+
+
+cause he hath no son ? Give unto us a pos-
+session among the brothers of our father.
+
+5 And Moses brought their cause before
+the Lord.*
+
+6 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing.
+
+7 The daughters of Zelophchad speak
+rightly : thou shalt indeed give them a pos-
+session as an inheritance among the brothers
+of their father; and thou shalt cause the in-
+heritance of their father to pass unto them.
+
+8 And unto the children of Israel shalt
+thou speak, saying. If a man die, and have no
+son, then shall ye cause his inheritance to
+pass unto his daughter.
+
+9 And if he have no daughter, then shall
+ye give his inheritance unto his brothers.
+
+10 And if he have no brothers, then shall
+ye give his inlieritance unto his father's bi-o-
+thers.
+
+11 And if his father have no brothers, then
+shall ye give his inheritance unto his kinsman
+that is next to him of his family, anil he shall
+inherit it ; and it shall be unto the children
+of Israel a statute of justice, as the Lord hath
+commanded Moses.
+
+12 ]f And the Lord said unto Moses, Go
+thou up unto this mount of 'Abarim, and
+.see the land which I have given unto the
+children of Israel.
+
+13 And when thou hast seen it, then shalt
+thou also be gathered unto thy people, as
+Aaron thy brother hath been gathered.
+
+14 Because ye rebelled against my order in
+the desert of Zin, at the quarrelling of the
+congregation, to sanctify" me through the
+waters before their eyes : these are the waters
+of Meribah in Kadesh, in the wilderness of
+Zin.
+
+15 ^ And Moses spoke unto the Lord, say-
+ing,
+
+16 Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of
+all tlesh, appoint a man over tlie congregation,
+
+17 Who may go out before them, and who
+may come in before them, and who may lead
+them out, and who may bring them in; that
+the congregation of the Lord be not as a tlock
+which have no shepherd.
+
+LS And the Lord .said unto Moses. Take
+to thyself Joshua the son of Nun, a man in
+
+
+should have sanctified me, on the occasion of the water,
+before their eyes."
+
+
+NUMBERS XXVlt. XXVI 1 1. PINECHAS.
+
+
+vnd thou shalt give him a charge"
+
+
+U'hoin there is a spirit, and thou shalt lay thy
+hand upon him ;
+
+19 And tlioil shalt cause him to stand ))e-
+fore Elazar the priest, and before all the con-
+ui-eiiiition ;
+lid'ore their eyes.
+
+20 And thou slialt put some of thy greatr
+ness upon him ; in order that all the congrega-
+tion of the children of Israel may he obedient.
+
+21 And before Elazar the priest shall he
+stand, and he shall ask of him after the judg-
+ment of the Urim before the Lord: at his'' di-
+rection shall they go out, and at his direction
+shall they come in, he, and all the children
+of Israel with liim, and all the coniireiia-
+tion.
+
+22 And Moses did, as the Lord had com-
+manded him ; and he took Joshua, and caused
+him to stand before Elazar the priest, and be-
+fore all the congregation ;
+
+2-3 And he laid his hands upon him, and
+gave him a charge : as the Lord had com-
+manded by the hand of Moses.*
+
+CHAPTER XXVin.
+
+1 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+
+
+2 Command the children of Israel, and say
+unto them. My ofi'ering, my bread for my sa-
+.crifices consumed by fire, for a sweet savour
+unto me, shall ye observe to offer unto me
+in its due season."
+
+3 And thou shalt say unto them, This is
+the offering made by fire which ye shall bring
+unto the Lord : Sheep of the first year with-
+out blemish, two on every day, as a continual
+Ijurnt^offering.
+
+4 The one sheep shalt thou prepare in the
+morning, and the other sheep shalt thou pre-
+pare toward evening;
+
+5 And a tenth part of an ephah of fine
+flour for a meat-offering, mingled with the
+fourth part of a bin of beaten oil.
+
+G It is a continual burnt-oftering, as it was
+prepared at mount Sinai, for a sweet savour, a
+sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord.
+
+7 And the drink-oflering thereof shall be
+the fourth part of a bin for the one sheep : in
+the holy place shalt thou cause the strong
+
+
+" Give liim publicly a distinct injunction of the manner
+in which he is to administer the government, exercise
+justice, and be a valiant leader in battle.
+
+*■ That is, of fllazar. The priest invested with the
+
+
+wine to be pouri'd out as a driid\;-()fi"ering imto
+the Lord.
+
+8 And the other sheep shalt thou |)i'('pare to-
+ward evening: as the meat-offering of the
+morning, and as the drink-offering thereof,
+shalt thou prepare it; an offering made Ijy
+fire, for a sweet savour imto the LoitD.
+
+9 ^ And on the sal;)bath-day two sheep of
+the first year without blemish, and two tenth
+parts of fine flour for a meat-offering, mingled
+with oil, and the drink-offering thereof
+
+10 This is the burrit-offering of the sal)])ath
+on every sabbath, besides the continual buint-
+offering, and its drink-oft'ering.
+
+
+11 ][ And on the beginnings of your
+months shall ye bring as a burnt-offering unto
+the Lord, two young bullocks, and one ram,
+seven sheep of the first 3'ear without blemish.
+
+12 And three tenth parts of fine flour for a
+meat-oftei'ing, mingled with oil, for each one
+bullock ; aiid two tenth parts of fine ffour for
+a meat-offering, mingled with oil, for the one
+ram ;
+
+13 And a tenth part of fine flour mingled
+with oil for a meat-offering for every sheep :
+as a burnt-offering for a sweet savour, a
+sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord.
+
+14 And their drink-offerings shall Ix' half
+of a bin of wine for each bullock, and the
+third part of a hin for the ram, and a fourth
+part of a hin for every sheep: this is the
+burnt-offering of the new moon for every
+month throughout the months of the year.
+
+15 And one he-goat for a sin-offering unto
+the Lord: beside the continual biu'nt-oflering
+shall it be prepared with its drink-offering.*
+
+16 T[ And in the first month, on the Ibur-
+teenth day of the month, the passover-lamb
+(must be offered) unto the Lord.
+
+17 And on the fifteenth day of this month
+is the feast; seven days shall unleavened
+bi-ead be eaten.
+
+18 On the first day is a holy convcx^ation ;
+no manner of servile work shall ye do;
+
+19 And ye shall bring as a sacrifice made
+by fire for a burnt-offering unto the Lord, two
+young bullocks, and one ram, and seven sheep
+of the first year ; witliout blemish shall they
+be unto you;
+
+
+knowledge derived from the judgment of the Urim, should
+impart to the political chief the Divine injunctions for the
+government of the people.
+
+° Whether on sabbath or week-days
+
+
+NUMBERS XXVIII. XXIX. PINECHAS.
+
+
+20 And their meat-offering shall be of fine
+Hour mingled witli oil; three tenth parts for
+each bullock, and two tenth parts for the ram
+shall ye offer;
+
+21 A tenth part each shalt thou oflfer for
+every sheep, of the seven sheep ;
+
+22 And one goat for a sin-offering, to make
+an atonement for you.
+
+23 Besides the burnt-offering of the morn-
+ing, which is for a continual burnt-offering,
+shall ye prepare these.
+
+24 After this manner" shall ye prepare
+daily, throughout the seven days, the food of
+the sacrifice made by fire, for a sweet savour
+unto the Lord: besides the continual burnt-
+(jftei'ing shall it be prepared with its drink-
+offering.
+
+25 And on the seventh day shall ye liave
+a holy convocation; no servile work shall
+ye do.
+
+26 ^f And on the day of the * first-fruits,'
+when ye bring a new meat-offering unto the
+Lord, after your weeks are out, shall ye have
+a holy convocation; no servile work shall
+ye do.
+
+27 And ye shall bring as a burnt-offering
+for a sweet savour unto the Lord, two young
+bullocks, one ram, seven sheep of the first
+year;
+
+28 And their meat-offering of fine flour
+mingled with oil, three tenth parts for each
+one bullock, two tenth parts for the one ram,
+
+29 A tenth part each for every sheep, of
+the seven sheep;
+
+30 One he-goat to make an atonement for
+you:
+
+31 Besides the continual burnt^offering and
+its meatoffering shall ye prepare them ; with-
+out blemish shall they be unto you together
+with their drink-ofterings.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ^ And in the seventh month, on the
+first day of the month, shall ye have a holy
+convocation; no servile work shall ye do: a
+
+' lie}). "Like these."
+
+'' The feast of weeks, which is at the end of the seven
+weeks from the beginning of the harvest, or the second
+day of tlie passovcr. It is called the day of first-fruits,
+on account of the two loaves of the first wheat sacri-
+ficed thereon.
+
+° Tlmugh the first day of the seventh month is an espe-
+cial festival, it nevertheless is also a new-rnoon day; con-
+sequently the .sacrifices ordained above (xxviii. 11—15)
+198
+
+
+day of blowing the cornet shall it be unto
+you.
+
+2 And ye shall prej^are as a burnt-oft'ering
+for a sweet savour unto the Lord, one young
+bullock, one ram, seven sheep of the first yeai
+without blemish;
+
+3 And tlieir meat-oflering of fine flour min-
+gled with oil, three tenth parts for the Ind-
+lock, and two tenth parts for the ram,
+
+4 And one tenth part for every sheep, ot
+the seven sheep;
+
+5 And one he-goat for a sin-ofiering, to
+make an atonement for you :
+
+6 Besides the burnt>offering of the new-
+moon," and its meatr-oftering, and the daily
+burnt-offering, and its meat-oflering, and their
+drink-offerings, according unto their prescrib-
+ed manner; for a sweet savour, a sacrifice
+made by fire unto the Lord.
+
+7 ][ And on the tenth day of this seventh
+montli shall ye have a holy convocation ; and
+3^e shall afflicf your persons; no manner of
+work shall ye do.
+
+8 And 36 shall bring as a buint-offering
+unto the Lord for a sweet savour, one 3'oung
+bullock, one rain, seven sheep of the first
+year; without blemish shall they be unto
+you.
+
+9 And their meat>offei'iiig shall lje of fine
+flour mingled with oil, three tenth parts for
+the bullock, two tenth parts lor the one
+ram,
+
+10 A tenth part each for every sheep, of
+the seven sheep;
+
+11 One he-goat for a sin-offering: Ix'sides
+the sin-offering of the atonement," and the
+continual burnt-offering, and the meat-oflering
+thereof, and their drink-offerings.'^
+
+12 Tf And on the fifteenth day of the
+seventh month shall ye have a holy convocar
+tion; no servile work shall ye do; and ye
+shall keep a feast unto the Lord seven days.
+
+13 And ye shall bring as a burnt-offering,
+a sacrifice made by fire, for a sweet savour
+unto the Lord, thirteen young bullocks,*^ two
+
+must be brought, in addition to the festivo-ofFering com-
+manded in this section.
+
+'^ i. e. By fasting.
+
+° In addition to the sin-oflFerings, the blond of which
+was carried into the holy of holies, tiie gout for 'x\/azel,
+and the ram for a burnt-offering, menticmed in Leviticus
+xvi., shall these sacrifices be made.
+
+' As the whole scheme of sacrifices is merely an autho-
+ritative enactment of the Lord, it would be needless to
+
+
+NUMBERS XXIX. XXX. PINECHAS.
+
+
+rams, and foiirteen sheep of the first year;
+without blemish shall they be.
+
+14 And their meat-oflei'iiig shall be of fine
+Hour mingled with oil, three tenth parts for
+every bullock of the thirteen bullocks, two
+tenth parts for each one ram of the two rams.
+
+15 And a tenth part each for every sheep
+of the fourteen sheep.
+
+IG And one he-goat for a sin-otlering: be-
+sides the continual burnt-ofi'ering, its meat-
+(jffering, and its drink-offering.
+
+17 ^1 And on the second day, twelve young
+bullocks, two rams, fourteen sheep of the first
+year without lileinish ;
+
+18 And their meat-oflering and their driuk-
+ofiei'ings for the bullocks, for the rams, and
+for the sheep, shall be according to their num-
+ber, after tlie prescribed mannei-;
+
+lU And one he-goat for a sin-oflering: be-
+sides the continual burnt-ofiering, and the
+meat-ofiering thereof, and their drink-ofier-
+ings.
+
+20 T[ And on the third day eleven bul-
+locks, two rams, fourteen sheep of the first
+year without blemish;
+
+21 And their meat-ofiering and their drink-
+oflerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and
+for the sheep, shall be according to their num-
+ber, after the prescribed manner;
+
+22 And one goat for a sin-ofi'ering: besides
+the continual burnt-ofiering, and its meat^
+offering, and its drink-ofiering.
+
+23 ^f And on the fourth daj- ten bullocks,
+two rams, fourteen sheep of the first year
+without blemish ;
+
+24 Their meat-oifering and their drink-
+offerings for the bulhjcks, ftjr the rams, and
+for the sheep, shall be according to their num-
+ber, after the prescribed manner;
+
+25 And one he-goat for a sin-offering: te-
+sides the continual burnt-ofiering, its meat^
+offering, and its drink-offering.
+
+2G 1J And on the fifth day nyie bullocks,
+two rams, fourteen sheep of the first year
+without blemish;
+
+27 And their meat-ofiering and their drink-
+ofi'erings for the bullocks, for the rams, and
+for the sheep, shall be according to their num-
+ber, after the prescribed manner;
+
+
+seek f(ir any particular reason for the diver.sity in the va-
+rious festivals. Only when oiFered as ordained, were burnt
+and other oiferings acceptable, as acts of obedience and
+submission to the supreme will of Israel's Ruler and King.
+
+
+28 And one goat for a sin-offering: besides
+the continual l)urnt^oflering, and its meat-
+ofiering, and its drink-ofiering.
+
+29 ^ And on the sixth day eight bullocks,
+two rams, fourteen sheep of tlie first year
+without blemish ;
+
+30 And their meat-ofTering and their drink-
+offerings for the bulk)cks, for the rams, and
+for the sheep, sliall be according to their num-
+ber, after the prescribed manner;
+
+31 And one goat for a sin-oftering: besides
+the continual burnt-ofiering, its meat-ofiering,
+and its drink-offerings.
+
+32 ^ And on the seventh day seven bul-
+locks, two rams, fourteen sheep of the first
+year without blemish;
+
+33 And their meat-ofiering and their drink-
+ofterings for the bullocks, for the rams, and
+for the sheep, shall be according to their num-
+ber, after their prescribed manner;
+
+34 And one goat for a sin-oftering: besides
+the continual burnt-ofiering, its meat-offering,
+and its drink-oftering.'-'
+
+35 ^ On the eighth day shall ye htive a
+solemn assembly f no servile woi'k shall ye do.
+
+36 And ye shall bring as a burnt-oftering,
+a sacrifice made by fire, for a sweet savour
+unto the Lord, one bullock, one ram, seven
+sheep of the first year without blemish.
+
+37 Their meat-ofiering and their drink-
+ofterings for the bullock, for the ram, and tor
+the sheep, shall be according to their number,
+after the prescribed manner ;
+
+38 And one goat for a sin-oftering: besides
+the continual burnt-oft'ering, and its meat-
+oftering, and its drink-oftering.
+
+39 These shall ye prepare unto the Lord
+on your appointed festivals ; besides your vows,
+and your freewill-offerings, consisting of your
+burnt-ofterings, and of your meat offerings,
+and of your drink-ofterings, and of your peace-
+offerings.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+l*" And Moses said to the children of Israel
+accoi'ding to all that the Lord had command-
+ed Moses.
+
+Ilaplitorah in 1 Kiu^s xviii. 46 to xix. 12I ; but if it Ijc after tlie
+17th of Tamuz, in .Jeremiah i. 1 to ii. 3.
+
+Hence, also, it is useless to seek for an exact solution of
+the various ceremonies attcndinj; them.
+
+" " A conclusion feast." — Philippson.
+
+'' The English version commences ch. sxx. at ver. "2.
+
+IPO
+
+
+NUMBERS XXX. XXXI. MATTOTH.
+
+
+SECTION XLII. MATTOTH, ^\^Qr2.
+
+2 ^ And Moses spoke unto the heads of
+the tribes of the children of Israel, saying.
+This is the thing which the Lord hath com-
+manded,
+
+3 If a man make a vow unto the Lord, or
+he swear an oath to bind his soul with au
+obligation :" he shall not profane his word;
+according to all that proceedeth out of his
+mouth shall he do.
+
+4 And if a woman make a vow unto the
+Lord, and l)in(l herself by an obligation, be-
+ing in her father's house in her youth ;
+
+5 And her father hear her vow, and her
+oliligation wherewith she hath bound her
+soul, and her father be silent to her: then
+shall all her vows stand, and every obligation
+wherewith she hath bound her soul shall
+stand.
+
+6 But if her father disallow her on the
+day that he heareth it: all her vows or her
+obligations, wherewith she hath bound her
+soul, shall not stand; and the Lord will for-
+give her, because her father hath disallowed
+her.
+
+7 And if she be given to a man, and have
+vows upon her, or what she may have uttered
+with her lips, wherewith she hath bound her
+soul ;
+
+8 And her husbaud hear it, and be silent
+to her on the day that he heareth it: then
+shall her vows stand, and her obligations,
+wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall
+stand.
+
+9 But if on the day of her husband's hear-
+ijig it, he disallow her: then doth he annul
+her vow which is upon her, and that which
+she hath uttered with her lips, wherewith she
+hath bound her soul; and the Lord will for-
+give her.
+
+10 But regarding the vow of a widow, or
+of her that is divorced, all, wherewith she
+liatli bound her soul, shall stand for her.
+
+1 1 And if she had vowed in her husband's
+
+
+" That is, to prohibit oneself something which other-
+wise is pprniitto<l to him, whereas a vow may refer to do
+.something which otherwi.se would not be obligatory. In
+cither case, wliether it was by an oath or simple declara-
+tion, we are warned not to violate our word, called in the
+text to profane it.
+
+' Verse 8 refers evidently to oaths made before the en-
+gagement of the female to hor husband, although a second-
+' 200
+
+
+house,'' or had bound her soul by an obliga-
+tion with an oath;
+
+12 And her husband heard it, and was
+silent to her, and disallowed lier not : then all
+her vows shall stand, and every obligation,
+wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall
+stand.
+
+13 But if her husband hath annulled them
+on the day he heard them : then whatsoever
+^Droceeded out of her lips, concerning her vows,
+or concerning the obligation of her soul, shall
+not stand; her husband hath annulled them;
+and the Lord will forgive her.
+
+14 Every vow, and every binding oath to
+afflict the person, her husband may confirm
+it, or her husband may annul it.
+
+15 But if her husband should be silent to
+her from daj- to day: then hath he confirmed
+all her vows, or all her obligations, which are
+upon her; he hath confirmed them, because
+he was silent to her on the day that he heard
+them.
+
+16 But if he should annul them after (the
+day) that he hath heard them : then shall lie
+bear her iniquity.
+
+17 These are the statutes, Avhich the Lord
+commanded Moses, between a man and his
+wife, between the father and his daughter,
+being yet in her youth, in her father's house.*
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+mo*
+
+2 Execute the vengeance of the children of
+Israel on the Midianites, after which thou
+shalt be gathered unto thy people.
+
+3 And Moses spoke unto the people, say-
+ing. Arm from yourselves some men for the
+army, and let them go against the Midian-
+ites, to execute the vengeance of the Lord on
+Midi an.
+
+4 A thousand each for every tribe, of all
+the tribes of Israel, shall ye send to the
+army.
+
+5 And there were levied out of the thou-
+
+
+ary rule concerning the vows of a minor, who is betroth-
+ed, is also drawn from it; whereas the present addresses
+itself to those made after marriage, while the wife is in
+her husband's house. It is also inferred from this that,
+if a woman, during her husband's life, has made a vow.
+to take effect after a certain time, and he disallow it,
+though he should die before the time, still the vow is an-
+nulled.
+
+
+i
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXI. MATTOTH.
+
+
+sands of Israel, a thousand of every tribe,
+twelve thousand armed for the army.
+
+6 And Moses sent them, a thousand of
+every tribe, to the anny; them and Phinehas
+the son of Elazar the priest, to the army, with
+the holy vessels, and the trumpets for blowing
+the alarm in his hand.
+
+7 And the}- marched out against the Mi-
+dianites, as the Lord had commanded Moses;
+and the}- slew every male.
+
+8 And the kings of Midian they slew, be-
+sides the rest of their men that were slain;
+namely, Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Chur,
+and Keba', the five kings of Midian; and
+Bifam the son of Beor they slew with the
+sword.
+
+'J And tlie children of Israel took captives
+the women of Midian, and their little ones;
+and all their cattle, and all tlieir flocks, and
+all their goods, they took as spoil.
+
+10 And all their cities wherein they dwelt,
+and all tlieir castles they burnt with tire.
+
+11 And they took all the spoil, and all the
+boot}', both of men and of cattle.
+
+12 And the_y brought unto Moses, and to
+Ela/.ar the priest, and unto the congregation
+of the children of Israel, the captives,* and
+the booty, and the spoil, unto the camp, to
+the plains of Moab, \vhich are by the Jordan
+opposite Jericho.*
+
+13 ][ And Moses, and Elazar the priest,
+and all the princes of the congregation, went
+forth to meet them, to without the camp.
+
+14 And Moses was wroth with the officers
+of the host, the captains over the tliousands,
+and the captains over the hundreds, who had
+come from the war-campaign.
+
+15 And Moses said unto them. Have ye
+allowed all the females to live?
+
+10 Behold, these chietly were the cause
+unto the children of Israel, through the coun-
+sel of Bil'am, to commit the gross trespass
+against the Lord in the matter of Peor;
+through which there was the plague among
+the congregation of the Lord.
+
+17 And now kill ye every male among the
+
+
+'The word "captives" Oty refers to human beings;
+"spoil" SSty to inanimate things, "booty" nip'70 to the
+cattle. But when they are not all enumerated together,
+both SSty and nip'?^: refer to all things taken in war, as
+the English word xjioil.
+
+'■ In obedience to the injunction contiiined in chap, xix.,
+by which every one touching a dead body is rendered un-
+
+2A
+
+
+little ones, and every woman that hath known
+man by lying with him shall ye kill.
+
+18 But all among the women-children, that
+have not known a man by lying with him,
+keep alive for yourselves.
+
+19 But ye, — you must abide without the
+camp seven dajs: all ye who have killed any
+person, and all who have touched any one
+slain, shall purify yourselves on the third
+day, and on the seventh day;*" both jou and
+your captives.
+
+20 And every garment, and whatever is
+made of skins, and every work of goats' hair,
+and every vessel made of wood, shall ye
+purify unto yourselves.
+
+21 ^ And Elazar the priest said imto the
+men of the army who had gone to the battle,
+This is the ordinance of the law which the
+Lord hath commanded Moses:
+
+22 Nevertheless'' the gold, and the silver",
+the copper, the iron, the tin, and the lead,
+
+23 Every thing that cometh into the fire
+shall ye make go through the fire, and it shall
+be clean; only it shall be purified with the
+waters of sprinkling: and wliatsoever doth
+not come into the iire shall ye cause to go
+through the water.
+
+2-4 And ye shall wash your clothes on the
+seventh da}-, and ye shall be clean, and after
+that may ye come into the camp.*
+
+25 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, as
+followeth,
+
+26 Take the sum of the booty of the cap-
+tives, both of man and of cattle, thon, with
+Elazar the priest, and tlie chiefs of the fami-
+lies of the congregation :
+
+27 And thou shall divide the booty, l)e-
+tween those that carried on the war, who
+went out to the army, and between all the
+congregation.
+
+28 And thou shalt levy a tribute unto the
+Lord from the men of war who went out to
+the army, one individual from every five hun-
+dred, of the persons, and of the beef-cattle,
+and of the asses, and of the sheep ;
+
+29 From their half shall ye take it; and
+
+
+clean, and remains so, till sprinkled with the ashes of the
+red cow.
+
+° "Although Moses only instructed you respecting the
+law of uncleanness, you are now to be instructed, in addi-
+tion, concerning the purification of vessels used for forbid-
+den food. 'Only' means an exception: you are not to
+use such articles even after they have been cleansed from
+
+201
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXI. XXXII. MATTOTH.
+
+
+diou ^sh;^lt give it unto Elazar the priest, for a
+heave-oftering of the Loud.
+
+30 And from tlie luilf of the chikU-en of
+Israel, shalt thou take one individual, as it
+may come," from any fifty, of the persons, of
+beet-cattle, of the asses, and of the tlocks, of
+all manner of cattle; and thou slialt give
+the same unto the Levites, who keep the
+charge of the tabernacle of the Lord.
+
+31 And Moses with Elazar the priest did,
+as the Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+32 And the booty, being the rest of the
+spoil wdiich the men of the army had taken,
+was of sheep and goats, six hundred thousand
+and seventy thousand and five thousand,
+
+33 And of beef-cattle, seventy and two
+thousand,
+
+34 And of asses, sixty and one thousand,
+
+35 And of human persons, of women that
+had not knowai man hy lying with him, in all
+thirty and tw(j thousand.
+
+30 And the half, the portion of those who
+had gone out in the army, was, in the number
+of sheep and goats, three hundred thousand
+and seven and thirty thousand and five hun-
+dred.
+
+37 And the tril)ute unto the Lord of the
+flocks was six hundred and seventy and five.
+
+38 And the beef-cattle were thirty and six
+thousand; and the triljute thereof unto the
+Lord was seventy and two.
+
+39 And the asses were thirty thousand
+o^nd five hundred; and the tribute thereof
+unto the Lord was sixty and one.
+
+40 And the human persons were sixteen
+thousand; and the tribute thereof unto the
+Lord was thirty and two persons.
+
+4 1 And Moses gave the tribute, the Lord's
+heave-olfering, unto Elazar the priest, as the
+Lord had conuuanded Moses.'-'
+
+42 And from the half of the children of Is-
+rael, which Moses divided ofl" from the men
+that had gone forth in the army, —
+
+43 (Now the half of the congregation was,
+of sheep and goats three hundred thousand
+
+
+the uncieanness of the dead, till they have been treated
+nfter the manner prescribed in this section. — After
+R.Asin.
+
+' inx means "to seize;" the participle here employed
+means, tlicrefnre, "jn.st as it came," or "as it was seized
+hold of," that is, no particular care being em))l(iyed in
+making the selection.
+
+'' Hv niferring to l''::.i(.;us .\x.x. 12, it will be found that
+202
+
+
+land thirt}' thousand, seven thousand and ^^•e
+hundred,
+
+44 And beef-cattle, thirty and six tlioii
+sand,
+
+45 And asses thirty thousand five hundred,
+
+46 And human persons sixteen thousand;)
+
+47 And Moses took from this half of the
+children of Israel, as it came, one from every
+fifty, of man arid of cattle, and gave the same
+unto the Levites, who kept the charge of the
+tabernacle of the Lord; as the Lord had com-
+manded Moses.
+
+48 And there came near unto Moses the
+officers who had been over the thousands of
+the army, the captains of the thousands, and
+the captains of the hundreds,
+
+49 And they said unto Moses, Thy ser-
+vants have taken the sum of the men of war
+who have been under our command, and
+there lacketh not one man of us.
+
+50 We have therefore brought an oblation
+imto the Lord, each what he hath gotten of
+vessels of gold, chains, and bracelets, finger-
+rings, ear-rings, and tablets, to make an atone-
+ment'' for our souls before the Lord.
+
+51 And Moses with Elazar the priest took
+the gold from them, all kinds of wrouglit
+articles.
+
+52 And all the gold of the offering tiial
+they oflered up to the Lord, was sixteen thou-
+sand seven hundred and fifty shekels, I'rom
+the captains of the thousands, and from the
+captains of the hundreds.
+
+53 The men of the army had taken spoil,
+every man for himself
+
+54 And Moses and Elazar tlie priest took
+the gold from the captains of the thousands
+and of the hundreds, and they brought it into
+the tabernacle of the congregation, as a memo-
+rial for the children of Israel before the Lord.'''
+
+CHAPTER XXXIL
+
+1 ^ Now the children of Reuben and the
+childi'en of Gad had a very great multitude
+of cattle; and they saw the land of Ya'zer,
+
+
+when numbering the people, it was ordained that every
+one should offer half a shekel as an atonement, that
+" there might be no plague among the children of I'irael."
+It was no doubt this commandment, at the taking of the
+general census, which induced the captains of the army to
+offer a similar gift as an atonement for the numbering of
+the men intrusted to their command, at the partial census
+which they had instituted.
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXII. MATTOTH.
+
+
+Lord hath given
+
+
+ami the hind of Girad. that, behold, the place
+was a [ilace i'or cattle.
+
+2 And the children of Gad and the chil-
+dren of Reiiljcn came, and said unto Moses,
+and unto Elazar the priest, and unto the
+princes of the congregation, as foUoweth,
+
+;5 'Atarotli, and Dibon, and Ya'zei-, and
+Ninirah, and Cheshbon. and El'aleh, and Se-
+bam, and Nebo, and Be'on,
+
+4 The country which the Lord hath smit-
+ten before the congregation of Israel, is aland
+for cattle ; and th}' servants have cattle.
+
+■3 ^ And they said. If we have found grace
+in thy eyes, let this land be given unto thy
+servants for a possession: do not compel us
+to go over the Jordan.
+
+6 And Moses said unto the children of
+Gad, and unto the children of Reiibeu, Sliall
+yonr brethren go to the war. nnd will ye'
+sit here?
+
+7 And wherefore will you turn aside the
+heart of the children of Israel from going over
+into the land which the
+them ?
+
+8 Thus did your fothers, when I sent them
+fi"om Kaflesh-baruea to see the land.
+
+9 For they went up as far as the valley of
+Eslicol, and they saw the land, and then they
+turned aside the heart of the children of
+Israel, so that they would not go into the
+land which the Lord had given them.
+
+10 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+on that day, and he swore, saying,
+
+11 Surel}' none of the men that came up
+out of Egypt, ti'om twenty ^ears old and up-
+ward, shall see the land which I swore unto
+Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob; be-
+cause they have not wholly followed me :''
+
+12 Save Caleb the son of Yephnnneh the
+Keuizzite, and Joshua the son of Nun ; for
+they have wholly followed the Lord.
+
+13 And the anger of the Lord was thus
+kindled against Israel, and he made them
+wander about in the wilderness forty years,
+
+" Moses thought, jirobably, that it was an unwillingness
+on the part of the petitioners to enter Palestine, which
+caused them to prefer the eastern side of Jordan; and
+that their refusal to participate in the conquest of the
+western part might perhaps induce the other tribes to re-
+bel, which again would cause the wandering in the desert
+to be continued for an indefinite length of time. Hence
+his remonstrances, and their assurance that it was simply
+because the land was suited for the pasture of their cattle
+that their request was made.
+
+
+until all the generation was spent, that had
+done the evil in the eyes of the Lord.
+
+14 And now, behold, ye are risen up in
+your fathers' stead, a new race of sinful men,
+to augment yet more the fierce anger of the
+Lord toward Israel.
+
+15 For if ye turn away from after him, he
+will yet longer leave them in the wilderness;
+and y-e will thus be destruction to all this
+people.
+
+16 ^ And they came near unto him, and
+said, Sheepfolds will we build for our cattle
+here, and cities for our little ones;
+
+17 But we ourselves will go ready armed
+before the children of Israel, until that we
+have brought them unto their place ; and our
+little ones shall d\\"ell in the fortified cities,
+because of the inhabitants of the land.
+
+18 We will not return inito our houses,
+until the children of Israel have acquired for
+themselves every man his inheritance.
+
+19 For we will not take possession with
+them on the other side of the Jordan, and
+farther on : when" our inheiitauce hath come
+to us on this side of the Jordan eastward.*
+
+20 ][ And Moses said unto them. If ye will
+do this thing, if ye will arm yourselves before
+the Lord tor the war;
+
+21 And every armed man of you will go
+over the Jordttn before the Lord, until he
+have driven out his enemies from before him;
+
+22 And when, only after the land hath
+been subdued before the Lord, ye will return,
+and ye be thus guiltless'' before the Lord, and
+before Israel : then shall this land be yours
+for a possession before the Lord.
+
+23 But if ye will not do so, behold, 3-6
+have sinned against the Lord; and ye shall
+experience the punishment^ of your sin which
+will overtake you.
+
+24 Build yourselves cities for your little
+ones, and folds for yoin" flocks; and that
+Avhich hath proceeded out of \ our mouth shall
+ye do.
+
+
+*■ Hcb. "They have not filled after nie;'" meaning, that
+they had not rendered their hearts fully willing to follow
+the Lord.
+
+" Onkelos and others, "becau.se."
+
+'' Arnheim renders D"pJ DjT'DI with "ye have discharged
+the duty." — We can derive from this a lesson, that it is
+not enough for us to act justly before (xod, but we should
+also strive to avoid suspicion from man.
+
+° nxDn properly signifies "the sin," and then also the
+punishment which follows on the same.
+
+203
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXII. XXXIII. MASSAY.
+
+
+25 And the children of Gad and the children
+of Reiiben said unto Moses, as foUoweth, Thj
+servants will do as m^y lord commandeth.
+
+26 Our little ones, our wives, our flocks,
+and all our cattle, shall remain there in the
+cities of Gil'ad ;
+
+27 But thy servants will pass over, every
+one that is armed for the army, before the
+Lord, to the war, as my lord speaketh.
+
+28 And Moses commanded concerning
+them Elazar the priest, and Joshua the son
+of Nun, and the chiefs of the fiiniilies of the
+tribes of the children of Israel ;
+
+29 And Moses said unto them. If the chil-
+dren of Gad and the children of Reuben do
+pass with you over the Jordan, every one
+that is armed for the war, before the Lord,
+and the land shall be subdued befoi'e you :
+then shall ye give to them the land of Gil'ad
+for a possession;
+
+30 But if they should not pass over armed
+with you, they shall take possessions among
+you in the land of Canaan."
+
+31 And the children of Gad and the chil-
+dren of Reiiben answei*ed, saying, That which
+the Lord hath spoken concerning thy ser-
+vants, even so will we do.
+
+32 We will indeed pass over armed before
+the Lord into the land of Canaan, while ours
+reraaineth the possession of our inheritance
+on this side of the Jordan.
+
+33 And Moses gave unto them, to the chil-
+dren of Gad, and to the children of Reiiben,
+and to half the tribe of Menasseh the son of
+Joseph, the kingdom of Sichon, the king of
+the Emorites, and the kingdom of 'Og, the
+king of Bashan, the land, with its cities with-
+in the boundaries, the cities of the country
+round about.
+
+34 And the children of Gad built Dibon,
+and 'Ataroth, and 'Aro'er,
+
+35 And 'Atroth-shophan, and Ya'zer, and
+Yogbehah,
+
+36 And Beth-nimrah, and Beth-haran, forti-
+fied cities, and folds for flocks,
+
+
+* As eiicli tribe hail to sopuro its possession by conquest,
+(see Jiulgfs i.,) it was a proper denunciation of punish-
+ment for the Roiibenites and tlicir associates to be com-
+pelled to .-KMiuire new territory, if tliey foi-feiied the land
+already eoncjuerecl, by tluiir brea<'h of this oovenant.
+
+'' The commentator to IMemlelssohn's translation sup-
+p').ses 'hat iSiehon, in conquering the part of tlie country of
+Moiib mentioned above, xxi. '20, had given now names to
+:;04
+
+
+37 And the children of Reiiben built Chesh
+bon, and El'aleh, and Kiryathayim,
+
+38 And Nebo, and Ba'al-me'on (theii
+names being changed), and Sibmah ; and they
+gave the former names'' unto the cities which
+they built.
+
+39 And tlie children of Muchir the son of
+Menasseh went to Gil'ad, and conquered it,
+and dispossessed the Emorites who were in it.*
+
+40 And Moses gave Gil'ad unto Machir
+the son of Menasseh ; and he dwelt therein.
+
+41 And Ya'ir the son of Menasseh Avent and
+conquered the small towns thereof, and called
+them Chavotli-jair.
+
+42 And Nobach went and conquered Ke-
+nath, and the villages thereof, and called it
+Nobach, after his own name.
+
+Haphtorah in Jeremiah i. 1 to ii. 3.
+
+
+SECTION XLIII. MASSAY, 'i'DO.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 T[ These are the journeys of the children
+of Israel, who went forth out of the land of
+Egypt according to their armies, under the
+guidance of Moses and Aaron.
+
+2 And Moses wrote their departures ac-
+cording to their journeys by the order of the
+Lord ; and the.se are their journej-s according
+to their departures.
+
+3 And they set forward from Ra'meses in
+the first month ; on the fifteenth day of the
+first month, on the morrow after the pass-
+over-sac rifice" the cliildren of Israel went out
+with a high hand before the eyes of all the
+Egyptians.
+
+4 And the Egy])tians were burying all the
+first-born, whom the Lord had smitten amono;
+them ; and upon their gods also did the Lord
+execute judgments.
+
+5 And the children of Israel removed from
+Ra'meses, and encamped in Succoth.
+
+6 And they removed from Succoth, and en-
+
+
+thc cities ; and that the Reiibenitcs adopted again the
+Moabite names, except Nebo and Ba'al-Me'on, which they
+changed. But Arnlieim renders, " And they called by
+various names the cities which they built;" meaning, that
+they applied new names to the towns erected by them in
+their country
+
+° I. e. The day after the sacrifice of the passovcr-himb.
+See note above, to Leviticus xxiii. 5.
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXIII. MASSAY.
+
+
+c-aniped in Etham, which is on the edge of
+the Avihleniess.
+
+7 And tlR\y removed from Etham, and re-
+turned unto Pi-hacliiroth, which is hefoiv Ba-
+"al-zephon ; and tliey encamped l)efore Miudol.
+
+S And they removed from belbre Pi-haehi-
+rotii. and passed through the midst of the sea
+into the wilderness; and they went a three
+da^'s' journey in the wiklerness of Etham,
+and encamped in Marah.
+
+9 And they removed from Marah, and
+came unto Elim ; and in Elim there were
+twelve springs of water, and seventy palm-
+trees ; and they encamped there.
+
+10 And tliey removed from Elim, and en-
+camjied by the Red Sea.'''
+
+11 And they removed from the Red Sea,
+and encamped in the wildei'ness of Sin.
+
+12 And they removed from the wilderness
+of Sin, and encamped in Dophkah.
+
+13 And they removed from Dophkah, and
+encamped in Alush.
+
+14 And they removed from Alush, and en-
+camped at Repliidim, and there was no water
+for the people to drink.
+
+15 And they removed from Repliidim, and
+encamped in the wilderness of Sinai.
+
+16 And they removed from the wilderness
+of Sinai, and encamped in Kibroth-lmttniivah.
+
+17 x\nd they removed from Kibi'oth-hat^
+taiivah, and encamped in Chazeroth.
+
+18 And they removed from Chazeroth, and
+encamped in Rithuiah.
+
+19 And they removed from Rithmah, and
+encamped in Rimmon-perez.
+
+20 And they removed from Rimmon-perez,
+and encamped in Libnah.
+
+21 And they removed frorh Libnali, and
+encamped in Rissah.
+
+22 And they removed from Rissah, and
+encamped in Kehelathah.
+
+23 And they removed from Kehelathah,
+and encamped in mount Shapher.
+
+24 And they removed from mount Shapher,
+and encamped in Charadah.
+
+25 And they removed from Charadah, and
+encamped in Makheloth.
+
+26 And they removed from Makheloth,
+and encamped in Tachath.
+
+27 And they removed from Tachath, and
+encamped in Tarach.
+
+2S And tliey removed from Tarach, and
+encamped in Mithkah.
+
+
+29 And they removed from Mithkah, and
+encamped in ('hashmonah.
+
+30 And they removed lix)m Chashmoiuih,
+and encamped in Mosseroth.
+
+31 And they removed from Mosseroth, and
+encamped in Bene-ya'akan.
+
+32 And they removed from Bene-ya'akan,
+and encamiied in Chor-hagidgad,
+
+33 And they removed from Chor-hatiitljiad,
+and encamped in Yotbathah.
+
+34 And they removed from Yotbathah,
+and encamped in 'Abronah.
+
+35 And they removed from 'Abronah, and
+encamped at 'Ezyon-geber.
+
+36 And the}' removed from 'Ezyon-geber,
+and encamped in the wilderness of Zin, which
+is Kadesh.
+
+37 And they removed from Kadesh, and
+encamped at mount Hor, on the edge of the
+land of Edom.
+
+38 And Aaron the priest went uj) on
+mount Hor by the order of the Lord, and died
+there, in the fortieth year after the going out
+of the children of Israel from the land of
+Egypt, in the fifth month, on the first of the
+month.
+
+39 And Aaron was a hundred and twenty
+and three years old when he died on mount
+Hor.
+
+40 T[ And the Canaanite the king of
+"Arad, who dwelt on the south side in the
+land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the
+children of Israel.
+
+41 And they removed from mount Hor,
+and encamped in Zalmonah.
+
+42 And they removed from Zalmonah, and
+encamped in'Punon.
+
+43 And they removed from Punon, and en-
+camped in Oboth.
+
+44 And they removed from Oboth, and en-
+camped in 'lyt^-ha'abarim, on the border of
+Moab.
+
+45 And they removed from 13'im, and en-
+camped in Dibon-gad.
+
+46 And they x-emoved from Dibon-gad, and
+encamped in 'Almon-diblathaymah.
+
+47 And they removed from "Almon-dibla-
+thaymah, and encamped on the mountains of
+'Abarim, before Nebo.
+
+48 And they removed from the mountains
+of 'Abarim, and encamped in the plains of
+Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho.
+
+49 And they encamped by the Jordan,
+
+205
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXIII. XXXIV. MASSAY.
+
+
+from Beth-hayeshimoth even unto Abel-ha-
+shittim in the plains of Moab.*
+
+50 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses in
+the phiins of Moab by the Jordan opposite
+Jericho, saying,
+
+51 Speak unto the children of Israel, and
+say unto them, When ye pass over the Jordan
+into the land of Canaan :
+
+52 Then shall ye drive out all the inha^
+bitants of the land from before you, and ye
+shall destroy all their statues, and all their
+molten images shall ye destroy, and devastate
+all their high places.
+
+53 And ye shall drive out (the inhabitants
+of) the land, and ye shall dwell therein ; for
+unto you have I given the land to possess it.
+
+54 And ye shall divide the land by lot for
+an inheritance among your families ; to the
+numerous shall ye give the more inheritance,
+and to the small in number sliall ye give the
+less inheritance : there, where the lot desig-
+nateth it for him, shall every one's jjossessions
+be ; according to the tribes of your fathers
+shall ye divide it among yourselves.
+
+55 But if ye will not drive out the inhabit-
+ants of the land from 1 )efore you : then shall
+it come to pass, that those whom ye will let
+remain of them shall be as thorns in your
+eyes, and as stings in your sides, and they
+shall trouble you in the land wherein ye
+dwell.
+
+56 And it shall come to pass, that as I
+purposed to do unto them, mil I do unto
+you.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing. .
+
+2 Command the children of Israel, and say
+unto them. When ye come into the land of
+Canaan, shall this be tlie land that shall fall
+unto you for an inheritance : The land of Ca-
+naan according to its boundaries.
+
+3 And the southern side shall be unto you
+from the wilderness of Zin along Ijy the
+l)()undary of Edom, and your southern border
+shall commence at the outmost edge of the
+Salt Sea on its east side.
+
+4 And the border shall turn for you from
+
+
+* A different mount from the niio wliore Aaron dicrl ;
+'.lit one here bring a liuadlanil on the nortli-we.st, tiow call-
+206
+
+
+the south of the ascent of 'Akrabbim, and
+pass on to Zin ; and its terminating points
+shall be to the south of Kadesh-barnea', and
+shall go ou to Chazar-addar, and pass on to
+'Azmon ;
+
+5 And the border shall turn from 'Azmon
+unto the river of Egypt, and its terminating
+points shall be at the sea.
+
+6 And as the western border, shall ye have
+the Great Sea for a border : this shall be your
+western border.
+
+7 And this shall be unto you the northern
+border : from the Great Sea shall ye mark out
+for you (the boundary to) mount Ilor;''
+
+8 From mount Hor shall ye mark out (the
+boundary) unto the entrance of Chanuith ;
+and the terminations of the border sliall be
+toward Zedad ;
+
+9 And the border shall go on to Ziphrou. and
+its terminating points shall be atChazar-'enan :
+this shall be unto you the northern border.
+
+10 And ye shall turn yourselves to the
+eastern border, from Chazar-'enan to Shepham ;
+
+11 And the boundary shall go down from
+Shepham to Riblah, to the eastward of 'Ayin;
+and the boundary shall descend, and sludl
+touch upon the coast of the sea of Kiiuiereth,
+eastward ;
+
+12 And the border shall go down tt) the
+Jordan, and its terminating points'' sliall be
+at the Salt Sea : this shall be your land after
+its boundaries round about.
+
+13 And Moses commanded the children of
+Israel, saying. This is the land which ye shall
+divide among yourselves by lot, which the
+Lord hj.th commanded to give unto the nine
+tribes, and to the half tribe.
+
+14 For the tribe of the children of Reuben
+according to their family divisions, and the
+tribe of the children of Gad according to their
+family divisions, have received, — and the half
+of the tribe of Menasseh have received their
+inheritance ;
+
+15 The two tribes and the half tribe have
+received their inheritance on this side of the
+Jordan o],)posite Jericho eastward, toward
+the rishig of the sun.*
+
+16 ^[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+
+ed Ras-al-shnka, between Beirut and Trablos (Tripoli ;)
+whereas flie other is at the soutli-cast.
+
+'' /'. e. Thet'arthest points of the boundary in that direction
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXIV. XXXV. MASSAY.
+
+
+17 These are the names of the men who
+shall parcel out unto ,you the land : Elazar
+the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun.
+
+18 And one prince each from every tribe
+shall ye take to paixel out the land.
+
+19 And these are the names of the men :
+Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Ye-
+phunneh ;
+
+20 And of the tribe of the children of Si-
+meon, Shemuel the son of 'Ammihud ;
+
+21 Of the tribe of Benjamin, Elidad the
+son of Kisslon ;
+
+22 And of the tribe of the children of Dan
+the prince. Bukki the son of Yogli ;
+
+23 Of the children of Joseph, for the tribe
+of the children of Menasseh the prince, Chan-
+niel the son of Ephod ;
+
+24 And of the ti'ibe of the children of
+Eiiliraim the prince, Kemuel the son of
+Shiplitau ;
+
+25 And of the trilje of the children of
+Zebuhm the prince, Elizaphan the son of
+Parnacli ;
+
+26 And of the tribe of the children of Issa-
+cliar the prince, Paltiel the son of 'Azzan ;
+
+27 And of the trilie of the children of
+Asher the prince, Achihud the son of She-
+lomi;
+
+28 And of the tribe of the children of
+Naphtali the prince, Pedahel the son of 'Am-
+iniliud.
+
+29 These are they whom the Lord hath
+commanded to divide out the inheritance
+unto the children of Israel in the land of Ca-
+naan.*
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses in
+the plains of Moab by the Jordan opposite
+Jericho, saying,
+
+2 Command the children of Israel, that
+they give unto the Levites from the inheri-
+tance of their possession cities to dwell in;
+and an open space for the cities round about
+them shall ye give (also) unto the Levites.
+
+
+' "And afterward he mentions two thousand. How is
+this? He gives them two thousand cubits all round, and
+of these the inner thousand are for the open space, and
+the outer thousand for fields and vineyards." — Kasiu and
+Rasiih.v.m. But Philippson conceives that the whole
+snould form a square of two thousand cubits, in the centre
+of which the city should be situated, which would make
+the line one thousand cubits only fmni each aide of the
+
+
+3 And the cities shall serve them to dwell
+in ; and their open spaces shall be for their
+cattle, and for their goods, and for all their
+requirements.
+
+4 And the open spaces of the cities, which
+ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach
+from the wall of the city and outward a
+thousand" cubits round al)0ut.
+
+5 And ye shall measure from without the
+city on the east side two thousand cubits, and
+on the south side two thousand cubits, and on
+the west side two thousand cubits, and on the
+north side two thousand cubits, with the city
+in the midst : this shall be to them the open
+spaces of the cities.
+
+6 And the cities which ye shall give unto
+the Levites shall be the six cities of refuge,
+which 3'e shall appoint that the manslayer
+may flee thither; and in addition to them
+shall ye give forty and two cities.
+
+7 All the cities which ye shall (thus)
+give to the Levites shall be forty and eight
+cities, they with their open spaces.
+
+8 And the cities which ye shall give of the
+possession of the children of Israel, from the
+tribe that hath many shall ye give many; but
+from the one that hath few shall ye give few :
+every one according to its inheritance which
+it may inherit shall give of its cities unto the
+Levites.*
+
+9 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say-
+ing,
+
+10 Speak unto the children of Isi-ael, and
+say unto them, When ye have passed over the
+Jordan into the land of (Janaan :
+
+11 Then ye shall appoint unto yourselves
+proper cities, that they be cities of refuge for
+you ; and thither shall flee the manslayer who
+killeth any person at unawares.
+
+12 And these cities shall be unto you for a
+refuge from the avenger ; that the manslayer
+die not, until he have stood before the congre-
+gation for trial.''
+
+13 And the cities which ye shall give, shall
+be six cities of refuge unto you ;
+
+city wall. But Rashi's opinion seems preferable, espe-
+cially if we consider that the space of one thousand cubits
+was to be for pasture, &c., and they would have thus had
+nothing for fields and vineyards.
+
+"■ DStyob, to be judged and inquired into whether the
+deed was murder or accidental homicide, or whether it
+happened at all. — This also shows us that even open mur-
+der had to be tried by the [uiblie courts.
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXV. XXXVI. M ASSAY.
+
+
+14 Three of these cities shall ye give on
+this side of the Jordan, and the three other
+cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan :
+cities of refuge shall they be;
+
+15 For the children of Israel, and for the
+stranger, and for the sojourner among them,
+shall these six cities be for a refuge: that
+every one" may flee thither that killeth any
+person at unawares.
+
+16 And if he have smitten him with an
+instrument of iron, so that he die, he is a
+murderer : the murderer shall surely be put
+to death.
+
+17 And if he have smitten him with a
+stone which one can take in the hand,'' where-
+with he may die, and he die, lie is a murder- '
+er : the murderer shall surel}' be put to death.
+
+18 Or if he have smitten him with an arti-
+cle of M'ood, which one can take in the hand,
+wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a
+murderer : the murderer shall surely be put
+to death.
+
+19 The avenger of the blood himself shall
+slay the nuirderer; when he meeteth him,
+shall he slay him.
+
+'20 And if he push" against him out of
+hatred, or he have hurled at him (any thing)
+by lying in wait, that he die ;
+
+2i Or if in enmity he have smitten him
+with his hand, that he died, he that smote
+him shall surely be put to death ; (for) he is
+a murderer: the avenger of the blood shall
+slay the murderer, when he meeteth with him.
+
+22 But if he have pushed against him ac-
+cidentally^ without enmity, or have cast upon
+him any thing without lying in wait,
+
+23 Or with any stone wherewith a man
+may die, without seeing him, and he have let
+it tall ui)Ou him, that lie died; whereas he was
+not his enemy, and did not seelc his harm :
+
+24 Then shall the congregation judge be-
+tween the slayer and the avenger of the blood
+according to these institutions;
+
+
+" Anotlior injunction to treat the stninffcr well.
+
+"' That is, as Rashi says, a stone tiiat lills the hand, and
+is lari;e enough to produce dcatli ; so also with wood. A
+.small piece of iron, however, can ])roduce death; no size,
+therefore, is mentioned. Mendelssohn renders, "If he
+take a stone, with which otic can be slain, in the hand,
+and smite some one," kc. But the evident intention of the
+law is to provide that the stone or wood must be of a size
+likely to produce death, and to exclude from wilful mur-
+der when tlic nrtii-lc was of that kind as to preclude a
+2lJH
+
+
+25 And the congregation shall deli^■er tht;
+manslayer out of the hand of the avenger of
+the blood, and the congregation shall restore
+him to the city of his refuge, whither he had
+Hed ; and he shall abide in it until the death
+of the high-priest, Avho hath been anointed
+with the holy oil.
+
+26 But if the manslayer shouUl at any
+time pass the boundary of the city of his
+refuge, whither he may have fled ;
+
+27 And the avenger of the blood should
+find him beyond the boundary of the city of
+his refuge, and the avenger of the blood should
+kill the manslayer: he shall not Ijc guilty of
+blood ;"
+
+28 Because in the city of his refuge shall
+he remain until tlie death of the higli-[)riest ;
+but after the death of the high-priest the man-
+slayer may return unto the land of his pos-
+session .**
+
+29 And these things shall be unto you lor
+a statute of justice throughout your genera-
+tions, in all your dwellings.
+
+30 Whoever it be that killeth a person,
+according to the testimony of witnesses shall
+the murderer be put to death ; but one witness
+shall not testify against any person to cause
+him to die.
+
+31 Moreover ye shall take no redemption
+money for the person of a murderer," who is
+guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to
+death.
+
+32 And ye shall take no redemption money
+for him that hath fled to the city of his refuge,
+that he should come again to dwell in the
+land, until the death of the priest.
+
+33 And ye shall not defile the land wherein
+ye are ; for the blood it is which defileth the
+land : and no atonement can Ije made unto
+the land for the blood which hath l)eeii shed
+therein, except through the blood of him that
+hath shed it.
+
+34 And ye shall not render unclean the
+
+
+murderous intent, though death should have accidentally
+ensued.
+
+° "I'ush him down from a high place." — Aukn Kzk.\.
+
+'' .\t this return he is free from civil punishment ; cou-
+se(iuently, to kill him would be a punishable murder.
+
+" This prohibition, not to take money to redeem a mur-
+derer from his punishment, permits by implication that if
+is permitted to assess a fine for inflicting a wound on ano-
+ther, and lint to take actually eye for eye or tooth for
+tooth. This also was the practice of J/wish courts.
+
+
+HHA.RA.()H A.HPEA.UIMO To MOSES TO OEl^AKl' WI IH
+THE CHILDREN OE ISRAEL
+
+
+NUMBERS XXXVI. MASSAY.
+
+
+land which ye inhabit, in the midst of which
+I dwell ; for' I the Lord dwell in the midst of
+the children of Israel.*
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+1 .T[ And there came near the chiefs of the
+divisions of the famil}' of the children of Gil-
+"ad. the son of Machir, the son of Menasseh,
+of the families of the sons of Joseph ; and they
+spoke before Moses, and before the princes,
+the chiefs of the divisions of the children of
+Israel ;
+
+2 And they said, The Lord hath command-
+ed my lord to give the land for an inherit-
+ance by lot to the children of Israel ; and my
+lord hath been commanded by the Lord to
+give the inheritance of Zelophchad onr brother
+unto his daughters.
+
+3 And if they become the wives of any of
+the sons of the (other) tribes of the children
+of Israel : then will their inheritance be taken
+from the inheritance of our fathers, and be
+added to the inheritance of the tribe where-
+among they may be married;" and Irom the
+lot of our inheritance will it be taken away.
+
+4 And whenever the jubilee shall be to
+the children of Israel : then will their inherit-
+ance be added unto the inheritance of the
+tribe wliereamong they may be married ; and
+from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers
+will their inheritance be taken away.
+
+5 And Moses commanded the children of
+Israel by the order of the Lord, saying. The
+tribe of the sons of Joseph have spoken well.
+
+6 This is the thing which the Lord hath
+commanded'' concerning the daughters of Ze-
+
+" D'a'ih is here again understood; hence the word "mar-
+ried" has been supplied.
+
+' It is probable that the restriction now made known was
+a part of the law of inheritance communicated to Moses
+
+
+lophchad, saying. To those who are pleasing
+in their eyes may they become wives; howe\er
+only to the family of the tribe oi' their lather
+shall they become waves.
+
+7 And the inheritance of the children of
+Israel shall not pass Irom tribe to ti'il)e; Init
+the children of Israel shall adhere every one
+to the inheritance of the tribe of his fathei's.
+
+8 And ev<iry daughter that inheriteth any
+possession out of any tribe of the children of
+Israel, shall become the wife unto one of the
+family of the tribe of her father ; in order that
+the children of Israel may' inherit every one
+the inheritance of his fathers.
+
+9 And no inheritance shall })ass irom one
+tribe to another tribe ; but the tribes of the
+chidren of Israel shall adhere, every one, to
+his own inheritance.*
+
+10 Even as the Lord had commandeil
+Moses, so did the daughters of Zelophchad ;
+
+11 And Machlah, Tirzah, and Choglah,
+and Milcah, and No'ah, the daughters of Ze-
+lophchad became the wives (;f the sons of
+their uncles.
+
+12 (To persons) of the families of the sons
+of Menasseh the son of Joseph did they be-
+come wives, and their inheritance remained
+in the tribe of the family of their lather.
+
+13 These are the commandments and the
+ordinances, which the Lord connnanded by
+the hand of Moses unto the children of Israel,
+in the plains of Mo;Uj by the Jordan op})osite
+Jericho.
+
+Haphtorah in Jeremiah ii. 4 to 28 : to which the (iermans add
+iii. 4: and the Portuguese, iv. 1 aud 2.
+
+
+with the other clauses above, xxvii. 7 toll, but wa.s with-
+held until the elders most interested came to inquiry, .s
+might have been at once expected, so as to give the matter
+greater sanction and force.
+
+
+2B
+
+
+THE BOOK OF DEUTEKONOMY,
+
+DEBARIM, Dn^-t.
+
+CONTAINING A RECAPITULATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE ISRAELITES IN THE
+DESERT, AND OF SEVERAL LAWS; EMBRACING ALSO SOME NEW ENACTMENTS,
+AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE LAST DAYS OF MOSES.
+
+
+SECTION XLIV. DEBARIM, DHDl.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^1 These are the words which Moses
+spoke unto all Israel on this side of the Jor-
+dan" in the wilderness, in the plain opposite
+Suph, between Paran, and Tophel, and La-
+ban, and Chazeroth, and Di-zahab.
+
+2 It is a journey of eleven days from Ho-
+reb by the way of mount Se'ir unto Kadesh-
+barnea.
+
+3 And it came to pass in the fortieth'' year,
+ill tke eleventh month, on the first day of the
+month, that Moses spoke unto the cliildren
+of Israel, according to all that the Lord had
+commanded him concerning them;
+
+4 After lie had smitten Sichon the king of
+the Einorites, who dwelt in Cheshbon, and
+'Og the king of Bashan, who dwelt at 'Ashta-
+roth ill Edre'i.
+
+5 On this side of the Jordan, in tlie land of
+Moab, began Moses to explain this law, saying,
+
+6 The Lord our God spoke unto us in IIo-
+i-eb, saying. Ye have tarried long enough at
+this mount;
+
+7 Turn you, and take your journey, and
+go to the mountaiu of the Einorites, and unto
+all its neighbourmg places, in the plain, in
+the mountain, and in the lowlands, and in
+the southern country, and by tlie coast of
+the sea, to the land of the Canaan ites, and
+unto the Lebanon, up to the gr(>at river, the
+river Euphrates.
+
+S liehold I have given up the land before
+
+
+" Properly "Yardeii."
+
+^ {. c. After the going (lut from Egyi't, whieh is always
+the era mentioned in the Bible up to the Babylonian
+captivity.
+
+° This verse is a parenthesis : Moses says in the pre-
+ceding one that he was not able to bear all the labour of
+the great multitude: and adds iiuverllieless, may it be
+210
+
+
+3-ou: go in and take possession of the hind
+which the Lord hath swoni unto your fathers,
+to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give
+it unto them and to their seed alter them.
+
+9 And I said unto you at that time, as ibl-
+loweth, I am not able alone to bear you :
+
+10 The Lord your God hath multiplied
+you, and, behold, ye are this day as the stars
+of heaven for multitude.
+
+11 May" the Lord the God of your iathers
+make you a thousand times as many more as
+ye are; and bless you, as he hath spoken
+unto you.*
+
+12 How can I by myself alone bear jour
+cumbrance, and your burden, and your strife?
+
+13 Furnish for yourselves wise and under-
+standing men, and those known among your
+tribes,'' and I will place them as chiefs over
+you.
+
+14 And ye answered me, and said. The
+thing which thou hast spoken is good to do.
+
+15 And I took the chiefs of your tribes,
+wise and known men, and I set them as heads
+over you, captains over thousands, and cap-
+tains over hundreds, and cajitains over fifties,
+and cajitains over tens, and as officers for
+your trilies.
+
+16 And I commanded your judges at that
+time, saying, Hear the causes between your
+bretliren, and judge righteously, between a
+man and his brother, and between his stran-
+ger.^^
+
+17 Ye shall not respect persons in Judg-
+ment; the small as well as the great shall ye
+
+the will of God to add to them a thousand-fold a.s many;
+and then continues with the narrative.
+
+'' According to the Massorah, "and those weU known,
+according to j'our trilies."
+
+° The law knows of no distinction between the Israelite
+and the fircifiiuT ; :;11 are alike brf're the Supnnir . Judge
+uf the woild.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY I. DEBARIM.
+
+
+heiir; ye shall not be afraid of any man; for
+the judgment belongeth to God: and the
+cause that is too hard for you shall ye bring
+unto me, and I will hear it.
+
+18 And I commanded you at that time all
+the things which ye should do.
+
+19 And we departed from Horeb, and we
+went through all that great and terrilile wil-
+derness, which ye have seen, by the wa^- of
+the mountain of the Emorites, as the Lord
+our God had commanded us; and we came
+as far as Kadesh-barnea.
+
+20 And I said unto you, Ye are come unto
+the mountain of the Emorites, which the
+Lord our God doth give unto us.
+
+21 Behold, the Lord thy God hath given
+up" the land before thee : go up and take pos-
+session of it, as the Lord the God of thy
+fathers hath spoken unto thee; do not fear,
+and be not discouraged.*
+
+22 And ye alF' came near unto me and
+said. Let us send out men before us, that they
+may search out for us the land, and Ijring us
+Avord again concerning the wa_y by which we
+must go up, and the cities to which we shall
+come.
+
+23 And the thing was pleasing in my eyes;
+and I took of you twelve men, one man for
+every tribe :
+
+21 And they turned and went up into the
+mountain, and came unto the valley of Eshcol,
+and spied it out.
+
+25 And they took in their hand some of
+the fruit of the land, and brought it down
+unto us ; and they brought us word again, and
+said, Tlie land which the Lord our God doth
+give us is good.
+
+26 But you would not go up, and ye re-
+belled against the order of the Lord your
+God;
+
+27 And ye murmured in your tents, and
+said. On account of the hatred of the LoRi:
+toward us, hath he brought us forth out of
+the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand
+of the Emorites, to desti'oy us.
+
+' Meaning, "surrendered, yielded up;" elsewhere called
+"to give into the hands."
+
+' "Confusedly; and elsewhere (Deut. v. 20) it is said,
+' The heads of your tribes, and your elders,' &c. ; that
+apprciacliing was a worthy one, the young men ho-
+noured the elders by letting them go in advance; and
+80 did the elders to the chiefs ; but in this case you all
+Ciiuie in confusion, young men pushing aside tiie ddir^
+and the elders the chiefs " — R.\t,Hl.
+
+
+28 Whither shall we go up? our l)rethren
+have made faint our heart, saying, The i)eo-
+ple is greater and taller than we; the cities
+are great and fortified up to heaven ; and
+moreover the sons of the 'Anakim jiave we
+seen there.
+
+29 And I said unto you. Have no dread,
+nor be 36 afraid of them.
+
+30 The Lord your (!od who gocth hetbre
+you, he it is who will fight for you; all just as
+he did for you in Egypt before your eyes ;
+
+31 And in the wilderness which' thou hast
+seen, where the Lord thy God bore thee, as a
+man doth bear his son, on all the way that
+ye have gone, until ye came unt(j this place.
+
+32 Yet in this thing do ye not believe in
+the Lord your God,
+
+33 Who goetli before you on the way to
+seek out for you a place for your encamping.
+in fire by night, to cause 30U to see on the
+way in which ye are to go, and in a cloud
+by aay.
+
+34 And the Lord heard the voice of your
+words; and he was Avroth, and swore, say-
+in o'
+
+35 Surely there shall not one of these men
+of this evil generation see that good land,
+which I have sworn to give unto your fathers;
+
+36 Save Caleb the son of Yephunneh. he
+shall see it, and to him will 1 give the land
+upon which he hath trodden, and to his chil-
+dren; because he hath whollj' followed the
+Lord.
+
+37 Also with me was the Lord angry'' for
+your sakes, saying. Also thou shalt not go in
+thither.
+
+38 Joshua the son of Nun, who sta-ndeth
+before thee, he shall go in thither : him en-
+courage; for he shall cause Israel to inhe-
+rit it.*
+
+39 And your little ones, of whom ye said.
+They will become a prey, and your children
+who know not this da}* either good or evil,
+these shall go in thither; and unto thent will
+I give it, and they shall possess it.
+
+
+° According to Rashi, this ought to read, "Where thnu
+hast seen that the Lord, &c." But in either way ihe sense
+is the same.
+
+^ As Moses was relating the ddoni of " the generation uf
+the desert," as they are called )jy our writers, he includes
+also the decree which was pronounced upon him, since he
+too did not pass over the Joidan. "For your sake "
+nicnn^ onlv that the disobedience of the ]ieople cau.se 1 his
+own transgressiou.
+
+
+DEUTERONOxMY I. II. DEBARIM.
+
+
+40 But as for you, turn you, and take your
+j (unie}- into the wilderness by the way of the
+Eed Sea.
+
+•41 And ye answered and said unto me,
+We have sinned against the Lord; we indeed
+will go up and we will fight, according to all
+that the Lord our God hath commanded us;
+and ye girded on every man his weapons of
+Avar, and ye insisted to go up into the moun-
+tain.
+
+42 And the Lord said unto me, Say unto
+them, Go not up, and do not fight; for I am
+not among you; lest ye he smitten before
+your enemies.
+
+4.3 And I spoke unto you; but ye would
+not hear; and ye rebelled against the order
+of the Lord, and you were presumptuous, and
+went up into the mountain.
+
+44 And the Emorites, who dwelt in that
+mountain, came out against you, and they
+pursued you, as the bees do, and they over-
+threw you in Se'ir, as far as Chormah.
+
+45 And ye returned and wept before the
+Lord; but the Lord hearkened not to your
+voice, nor gave ear unto _you.
+
+46 And ye tarried in Kadesh many days,
+according unto the days that ye tarried there.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 Then we turned, and took our journey
+into the wilderness by the way of the Red
+Sea, as the Lord had spoke unto me: and we
+travelled around mount Se'ir many days.*
+
+2 ^[ And the Lord said unto me, as fol-
+lowetii,
+
+3 Ye have travelled long enough around
+this mountain ; turn yourselves northward.
+
+4 And the people command thou, saying,
+Ye are passing ty the bcnnk-r of your brethren
+the children of Esau, who dwell in Se'ir; and
+they will be afraid of you; therefoix' take ye
+good heed unto yourselves :
+
+5 Do not contend with them; for I will
+not give unto you of their land, even so much
+as a foot's l)readtli ; because unto Esau have I
+>riven mount Seir for an inheritance.
+
+6 Food shall ye buy of them for money,
+that ye may eat; and water also shall ye buy
+ol" them I'or money, that ye may drink.
+
+
+" Moaning, that tlicy could Iiavc no excuse for asking
+favours of men, since their wealth, abundant as it was,
+had been supplied by the liberal hand of their God.
+
+'' Hcb. I'T. "lie hath known;" a knowledge of a per-
+212
+
+
+7 For the Lord thy God hath blessed thee
+in all the works of thy hand;" he hath pro-
+vided for'' thy wandering through this great
+Avilderness: these forty 3'ears the Lord thy
+God hath been with thee; thou hast lacked
+nothing.
+
+8 And we passed away from our brethren
+the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, iioni
+the way through the plain, from Elath, and
+from 'Ezjon-galjer.
+
+^ And we turned and passed the Avay of
+the wilderness of Moab.
+
+9 And the Lord said unto me. Do not at-
+tack the Moabites, nor contend with them in
+battle; for I will not give thee from their
+land any inheritance; because unto the chil-
+dren of Lot have I given 'Ar for an inherits
+ance.
+
+10 The Emim in times past dwelt therein,
+a people great, and numerous, and tall as the
+'Anakim;
+
+11 As Repha'im' were also they accounted,
+equally with the 'Anakim; and the Moiibites
+called the Emim.
+
+12 And in Se'ir dwelt the Chorim in times
+past; but the children of Esau drove tlieni
+out, and they destroyed them from before
+them, and dwelt in their stead ; as Israel hath
+done unto the land of his inheritance, which
+the Lord hath given unto them.
+
+13 Now rise up, and get 30U over the
+brook Zered; and we passed over the brook
+Zered.
+
+14 And the time which we came from Kar
+desh-barneil', until we had passed OA-er the
+brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until
+all the generation of the men of war A\ere
+spent from out the midst of the camp, as the
+Lord had sworn unto them.
+
+15 And also the hand of the Lokd was
+against them, to destroy them from the midst
+of the camp; until they were spent.
+
+16 So it came to pass, when all the men
+of war were spent by dj'ing from the midst of
+the people,
+
+17 ^ That the Lord spoke unto me, say-
+ing,
+
+18 Thou art passing this day ly the bor-
+der of Moiib, by 'Ar,
+
+son's wants being requisite, before his benefactor can fur-
+nish him with the needful.
+
+° "Mighty ones." — Onkelos. "Giants." — EmjUsh
+version.
+
+
+DEUTEEONOMY IT. III. DEBARIM.
+
+
+19 And tliou oomest nigh opposite the chil-
+nrvu of 'Ainiiion : do not attack them, nor
+contend with them; for I will not give nnto
+thee of the land of the children of 'Annnon
+anv inheritance; because unto the children
+of Lot have I given it for an inheritance.
+
+20 As a land" of Rephaim was it also ac-
+counteil: Re}ihaim dwelt therein in times
+past; and the "Annnonites called them Zam-
+zunnnim ;
+
+21 A people great, and lunnerous, and tall,
+as the 'Anakim; but the Lohd destroyed them
+before them; and they drove them out, and
+dwelt in their stead :
+
+22 As he hath done to the children of
+Esau, who dwell in Seir, from before whom
+he destroyed the Cliorim; and the>' drove
+them out and dwelt in their stead, even unto
+this da}-.
+
+23 And the 'Avvim, who dwelt in open
+towns,'' as far as unto Gazzah, — the Caphto-
+rim, who came forth out of Caphtor, de-
+stroyed them, and dwelt in their stead.
+
+24 Rise ye up, set forward, and pass over the
+brook Anion; behold I have given into thy
+hand Sichon the king of Cheshbon, the Enio-
+rite, and his land : begin to drive him out,
+and contend with him in l)attle.
+
+25 This day will I begin to put the dread
+of thee and the fear of thee upon the nations
+that are under the whole heaven ; whoever
+will hear the report of thee, shall tremble,
+and shall quake because of thee.
+
+26 And I sent mes!?engers out of the wil-
+derness of Kedemoth unto Sichon, the king of
+Cheshbon, with words of peace, saying,
+
+27 Let me pass through thy land : always
+by the highway will I go along; I will not
+turn unto the i-ight hand or unto the left.
+
+28 Food shalt thou sell me for money, that
+I may eat; and water for money shalt thou
+give me, that I may drink : only let me pass
+through on foot ;
+
+29 (As the children of Esau who dwell in
+
+" Not only the land of 'Og, the king of Bashan, was
+the one at times called the "giant country," Ere/^ Bi-
+jiho'im ; since the people of Moiib and 'Animon also had
+taken possession of two districts belonging to the same
+general tribe of men.
+
+' Kabbi Joseph Schwarz, in his Geography of Palestine,
+renders this with "the towns called Chazer," or " Chaze-
+rim ;" as there were several' in the southern district hav-
+ing this as a general name.
+
+' This must not be understood as if the Israelites had
+
+
+Seir, and the Moiibites'" wdio dwell in 'Ar,
+have" done unto me;) until that I shall [lass
+over the Jordan into the layd which the Lord
+our God givetli us.
+
+30 But Sichon, the king of Cheshbon, would
+not suffer our passing Ijy him ; for the Loud
+thy God had hardened his spirit, and had
+made obstinate his heart, that he might de-
+liver him into thy hand, as (hath happened)
+this day.*
+
+31 ^ And the Lord said unto me. Behold,
+I have begun to give up Sichon and his land
+before thee: begin to drive him out. that thou
+mayest inherit his land.
+
+32 And Sichon came out against us. he
+and all his people, to the battle at Yahaz.
+
+33 And the Lord our God gave him up be-
+fore usj and we smote him, and his sons, and
+all his people.
+
+34 And we conquered all his cities at that
+time, and devoted every inhabited cit}-, and
+the women, and the little ones; we left none
+tliat escaped.
+
+00 Only the cattle we took as booty mito
+oiu'selves, and the spoil of the cities which we
+had captured.
+
+30 From 'Aro'er, which is by the bank of
+the brook of Arnon, and the city that is in
+the brook, even unto Gil'atl, there was not one
+city which was too strong for us; the whole
+did the Lord our God give up before us.
+
+37 Only unto the land of the children of
+'Ammon didst thou not come nigh, unto the
+wdiole margin of the brook Yalibok, and the
+cities in the mountain, and unto whatsoever
+the Lord our God had forbidden us.
+
+CHAPTER in.
+
+1 And we turned, and went iq) the way to
+Bashan; and 'Og the king of Bashan came
+out against us, he and all his people, to tlie
+battle at Edre'i.
+
+2 And the Lord said unto me. Fear him
+not; for into thy hand have I given him, and
+
+
+been permitted to pass through the countries of Jloiib
+and Edom : Moses's rec[uest was twofold, to pass througli
+the country and to purchase provisions. We can therefore
+infer that the Edumeans and JMoiibites sold provisions to
+the Israelites, while Sichon alone prepared to attack them.
+But as the Moiibites were relatives of Israel, their sordid-
+ness in refusing to meet them with bread and water, wait-
+ing till money was offered, and their hiring Bil'am to
+cur.se the people, caused them afterward to be prohibited
+the right of becoming proselytes. (Dent, xxiii. 4.)
+
+213
+
+
+DEUTEEONOMY III. VAETCHANNAN.
+
+
+all his people, and his land; and thou shalt
+do unto liini as thou hast done unto Si*chon,
+the kint;' of the Emorites, who dwelt at Chesh-
+bon.
+
+3 And the Lord our God gave into our
+hands also 'Og the king of Bashan, and all his
+people; and we smote him until none was
+left to him who escaped.
+
+4 And we conquered all his cities at that
+time, there was not a city" which we took not
+from them, sixty cities, all the region of Ar-
+gob, the kingdom of 'Og in Bashan.
+
+5 All these were fortified cities, with high
+walls, gates, and bars; besides the unwalled
+towns, which were a great many.
+
+fi And we devoted them, as we had done
+unto Sichon the king of Cheshbon, devoting
+every inhabited'' city, the women, and the
+little ones.
+
+7 But all the cattle, and the spoil of the
+cities, we took as booty to ourselves.
+
+8 And we took at tliat time out of the
+hand of the two kings of the Emoiites the
+land which is on this side of the Jordan, from
+tlie river of Arnon unto mount Chermon;
+
+9 (The Sidonians call Chermon ' Siryon ;
+and the Emorites call it Senir;)
+
+10 All the cities of the plain, and all Gil'ad,
+and all Bashan, unto Salchah and Edre'i, the
+cities of the kingdom of 'Og in Bashan.
+
+11 For only 'Og the king of Bashan had
+been left of the remnant of the Rephaiui ;
+behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron;
+lo! it is in Kabbah of the children of 'Auunon :
+nine cubits is its length, and four cubits its
+breadth, after the arm" of a man.
+
+1 2 And of this land, of which we took pos-
+session at that time, from 'Aro'er, which is by
+the river Anion, and half mount Gil'ad, and
+the cities thereof, I gave unto the Reiibenites
+and to the Gadites.
+
+lo And the rest of Gil'ad, and all Bashan,
+the kingdom of 'Og, I gave unto the half
+tribe of Menasseh: all the region of Argob,
+with all Bashan, this is called the land of
+Rephaim.
+
+" "Fortified place;." — Arniikim — who thus distin-
+guishes between nnp and -\y "fortress" and "simple
+city." Pcrliai).s ri'ip i.s derived from Tp "walls," "a
+town fenced in by a wall."
+
+^ Lit. "City of men;" niid lliis means again, "The
+meu who lived therein."
+
+° "The cubit of a man." Mendelssohn however ren-
+ders " Vordcrarm," or, "the forepart of the arm," which
+214
+
+
+14 Ya'ir the son of Menasseh took all the
+region of Argob up to the border of the Ge-
+shurites and the Ma'achathites; and he called
+them the (land of) Bashan, after his own
+name, the villages of Ya'ir,'' unto this day.'-'
+
+15 And unto Machir I gave Gil'ad.
+
+16 And unto the Reiibenites and unto the
+Gadites I gave from Gil'ad even unto the
+brook Arnon, the land within" the river and
+that adjoining, even unto the brook Yabbok,
+the border of the children of 'Amnion ;
+
+17 The plain also, and the Jordan, and the
+adjoining land, from Kinnereth even unto the
+sea of the plain, the Salt Sea, under the de-
+clivities of Pisgah, eastward.
+
+18 And I commanded jou at that time,
+saying. The Lord your God hath given you
+this land to pos.sess it: armed sliall ye pass
+over before your brethren the children ot
+Israel, all that are fit to bear arms.
+
+19 But your wives, and your little ones,
+and your cattle, (I know that ye have iiiucli
+cattle,) shall abide in your cities which I have
+given you;*
+
+20 Until that the Lord have given rest
+unto your brethren, as well as unto you, and
+they also have taken possession of the land
+wliicii the Lord your God giveth them beyond
+the Jordan : then shall ye return every man
+unto his possession which I have given you.
+
+21 And Joshua also I commanded at that
+time, saying, Thy own eyes have seen all
+that the Lord your God hath done unto these
+two kings : thus will the Lord do unto all the
+kingdoms whither tliou passest.
+
+22 Ye shall not fear them ; for the Lord
+your God it is who fighteth for you.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah i. 1 to 27.
+
+
+SECT. XLV. VAETCHANNAN, pnnxi.
+
+23 ^ And I besought the Lord at that
+time, saying.
+
+24 O Lord Eternal, thou hast begun to
+show thy servant thy greatness, and thy
+
+
+is certainly not the usual length of the cubit, which is the
+entire arm.
+
+'' Chavvoth-yair.
+
+*■ Tills is rendered according to Onkelos, who has been
+followed by Arnheim. "iin is in this sense a noun, signify-
+ing " that within ;" and means then the land comprised
+within the bed of the river ; and the banks on both sides
+are comprised by the word h2i^, as Rashi explains.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY III. IV. VAETCHANNAN.
+
+
+mighty hand ; for what god is there in heaven
+or on earth, that can do aught Hke thy works,
+and hke thy mighty deeds?
+
+25 Let me go over. I pray thee, that I may
+see the good kind which is on the other side
+of the Jordan, this goodly mountain, and the
+Lebanon.
+
+2G But the Lord was wrotli with me for
+your sakes. and he would not hear me : and
+the Lord said unto me, Let it suffice thee; do
+not continue to speak unto me any more of
+this matter.
+
+27 Get thee up unto the top of Pisgah, and
+lift up thy eyes, westward, and northward,
+and southward, and eastward, and behold it
+with thy eyes; for thou slialt not })ass over
+this Jordan.
+
+28 And do thou charge Joshua, and strength-
+en him, and encourage liim ; for he shall go
+over before this people, and he shall divide
+out to them the laud which thou shalt see.
+
+29 And we abode" in the valley opposite
+Beth-peiir.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Tl And now, 0 Israel, hearken unto the sta-
+tutes and unto the ordinances which I teach you
+to do ; in order that ye may live, and go in and
+take possession of the laud which the Lord, the
+God of your fathers, giveth unto you.
+
+2 Ye shall not add unto the word which I
+command you, nor shall ye diminish aught
+from it ; that ye may keep the commandments
+of the Lord your God which I command you.
+
+3 Your own eyes have seen that wdiicli the
+Lord hath done because of BaiU-peor; for
+every man that followed Baiil-peor,'' him tlie
+Lord thy God hath destroyed from the midst
+of thee.' .
+
+4 But ye that did cleave unto the Lord ^our
+God, are alive, every one of you, this day.*
+
+5 See, I have taught you statutes and ordi-
+nances, just as the Lord my God commanded
+me; that ye may do so in the midst of the
+land whither ye go to take possession of it.
+
+
+* flovc must be supplied, "at the time that thisoccurrecl."
+
+° As idolatry was the prevailing sin auioug all ancient
+r.ati.ons, Moses commences by culling the attention of the
+pcojple pre-eminently to the consequences of their relapse
+in the country of Moiib ; how that so many that trans-
+gressed died, while tlnise firm in the service of God re-
+iiiained alive.
+
+^ Others render, "in all things."
+
+^ " For your souls' ^ak''." — Arxheim.
+
+
+6 Keep therefore and do them ; for this is
+your wisdom and your understandiug before
+the eyes of the nations, that shall hear all
+these statutes, and they will say. Nothing but
+a wise and understanding people is this great
+nation.
+
+7 For what great nation is there that hath
+gods so nigh unto it, as is the Lord our God
+at all times" that we call upon him ?
+
+8 And what great nation is there that liath
+statutes and ordinances so righteous as is all
+this law, which I lay before you this day?*
+
+9 Only take heed to thyself and guard
+thy soul diligently, that thou do not forget
+the things which thy eyes have seen, and
+that they depart not from thy heart nil the
+days of thy life; but thou shalt make them
+known unto thy sons, and unto thy sons'
+sons ;
+
+10 The day that thou stoodest before the
+Lord thy God at Horeb, when the Lord said
+unto me, Assemble for me the people, ;md I
+will cause them to hear my words, which
+they shall learn, to fear me all the days that
+they shall live upon the eartli, and which
+they shall teach their children.
+
+11 And ye came near and stood at the
+foot of the mount; and the mount was btu'u-
+ing with fire unto the midst of the heaveu,
+(from amidst) darkness, clouds, and thick
+darkne.ss.
+
+12 And the Lord spoke unto you out of
+the midst of the fire ; the sound of words ye
+heard, but an}' similitude ye saw not : there
+was nothing but a sound.
+
+13 And he told unto you his covenant,
+which he commanded you to perform, the
+ten commandments; and he wrote them upon
+two tables of stone.
+
+14 And me the Lord commanded at that
+time to teach you statutes and ordinances,
+that ye might do them in the land wdiither
+ye go over to possess it.
+
+15 Take ye therefore good heed of your
+souls;'' for ye saw no manner of similitude" on
+
+" The great King of Israel did not make himself mani-
+fest under any bodily shape. All on the mour.tain was
+darkness and cloud. A loud voice was heard, audible
+words reached the ear of all at once, one impression was
+made upon all alike. Hence the energetic prohibition
+against the foll^' of representing the Invisible and Incom-
+prehensible under any outward shape, even the most
+beautiful aud strong. All will fail of reaching him ; con-
+sequently all are odious to the Deity.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY IV. VAETCHANNAN.
+
+
+the day tliat the Lord spoke unto you at
+Iloveb out of the midst of the fire :
+
+1() Tliat ye become not corrupt, and make
+yourselves a graven image, the similitude of
+any idol-figure, the likeness of a male or of a
+lemale,
+
+17 The likeness of any beast that is on the
+earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that
+flietli in the air of heaven,
+
+IS The likeness of any thing that creepeth
+on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is
+in the waters beneath the earth ;
+
+11) And that thou lilt not up thy eyes unto
+the heavens, and thou see the sun, and the
+moon, and the stars, all the host of heaven,
+and be misled to bow down to them, and to
+serve them, those which the Lord thy God
+hath assigned" unto all nations under the
+whole heaven.
+
+20 But you did the Lord take, and he
+brought you forth out of the iron furnace,
+out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of
+inlieritance, as ye are this day.
+
+21 Fartherraore the Lord was angry with
+me for your sakes, and he swore that I sliould
+not go over the Jordan, and that I should not
+go in unto that good land, which the Lord
+thy God giveth unto thee for an inheritance;
+
+22 For 1 must die in this land ; I shall not
+go over the Jordan ; but ye will go over and
+take possession of this good land.
+
+23 Take heed unto yourselves, that ye do
+not forget the covenant of the Lord your God,
+which he hath made with you, and make
+jourselves a graven image, the likeness of any
+thing, which the Lord thy God hath forbid-
+den thee.
+
+24 For the Lord thy God is a consuming
+fire, yea, a watchful God.
+
+25 ][ When thou begettest children, and
+childreirs children, and ye shall have re-
+mained long in the land, and ye become cor-
+rujit, and make a graven image, tlie like-
+
+" "To give them light."— Talmud Megii.laii, fol. 9.
+"15iit the text eviclcntly means that the Lord had not in-
+terfered with the nation.s in their false worship. Witli
+Israel, however, he acted otherwise, taking them fnuii
+slavery tn be his people." — Rashbam.
+
+^ As the verse stands, it means that under the oppres-
+sions of the times, many will fall off to idolatry and false
+worship. This prediction has come to pass, during the
+mary persecutions which have occurred. Onkelos, how-
+ever, ))araphrases, "And ye shall serve there nations,
+
+
+ness of any thing, and do the evil in the eyes
+of the Lord thy God, to provoke him to
+anger :
+
+20 I call this day the heavens and the
+earth to witness against you, that ye shall soon
+perish from off' the land Avhereunto ye go over
+the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not remain
+many days upon it, but ye shall sm-ely be de-
+stroyed.
+
+27 And the Lord will scatter you among
+the nations, and ye will be left few in number
+amona- the nations, whither the Lord will lead
+you.
+
+28 And ye will serve** there gods, the work
+of man's hands, wood and stone, which neither
+can see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.
+
+29 But thou wilt seek from there the Lord
+thy God, and wilt find him, if thou apply to
+him with all thy heart and with all thy
+soul.
+
+30 When thou art in tribulation, and all
+these things have overtaken thee, in the lat-
+ter end of days: then wilt thou return to the
+Lord thy God, and be obedient unto his voice.
+
+31 For a merciful God is the Lord thy
+God; he will not forsake thee, nor destroy
+thee ; and he will not forget the covenant of
+thy fathers which he hath sworn unto them.
+
+32 For do but ask of former days, which
+were before thee, since the day that God cre-
+ated man upon the earth, and from the one
+end of the heavens unto the other end of the
+heavens, whether there hath Ijceii the like of
+this great thing, or whether the like of it
+hath lieen heard ?
+
+33 Hath ever a people heard the voice ul'
+a° god, speaking out of the midst of the fire,
+as thou hast heard, and remained alive ?
+
+34 Or hath a god essayed to go .to take to
+himself a nation from the midst of a nation,
+Ijy proofs, by signs, and l)y wonders, nnd by
+war, and by a mighty hand, and b\" an out-
+stretched arm, and by great terrors, bke ;iU
+
+
+worshipping error, (idolatry,) the work of the hands of
+men," conceiving, probably, as the commentator to Men-
+dclssiihn observes, that to worship idols i< a sin, nut a
+punishment.
+
+° Meaning, the gods of any other nation; did iuch ever
+speak to their followers ? and so also in the si;'JCcodin»:
+verse. But Onkelos, Jonathan, Aben Ezra, and others
+refer God to the Supreme, and the te.\t (hen says that
+the mercy which Israel^ witnessed was impartcil to no othci
+people
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY IV. V. VAETCHANNAN.
+
+
+that which the Lord your God hath done for
+you in Egypt before thy e^es"'
+
+35 Unto thee it was shown, that tliou
+niio-htest know, that the Eternal is the God:
+there is none else besides hnn.
+
+06 Out of the heavens he caused thee to
+hear his voice, to correct thee : and upon the
+eartli he caused thee to see his great fire; and
+his words didst tliou liear out of the midst of
+the fire.
+
+37 And therefore, because he loved thy
+father.s, he chose their seed after them, and
+brought thee out in his presence'' with his
+mighty power out of Egypt;
+
+3 8 To dri ve out nations greater and mightier
+than thou art, from before thee, to bring thee
+in, to give unto thee their land for an inherits
+ance, as it is this day.
+
+39 Know therefore this day, and reflect in
+th}- heart, that the Eternal is the God in
+the heavens above, and upon the earth be-
+neath : there is none else.
+
+40 And thou shalt keep his statutes, and
+his commandments, which I command thee
+this day, that it may go well with thee, and
+with thy children after thee; and that thou
+mayest live many days upon the land which
+the Lord thy God giveth thee, for all times.*
+
+41 "[j Then Moses set aside three cities on
+this side of the Jordan, toward the rising of
+the sun;
+
+42 That thither might flee the manslayer,
+who should kill his neighbour unawares, when
+he had not been an enemy to him in times
+past; and that he should flee unto one of
+these cities and live.
+
+43 Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain
+country, for the Relibenites ; and Ramoth in
+Gil'ad for the Gadites ; and Golan in Bashan
+for the Menassites.
+
+44 And this is the law which Moses set
+before the children of Israel :
+
+45 These are the testimonies, and the star
+tutes, and the ordinances, which Moses spoke
+
+' "In his own person." — Arnheim. " With his own
+word." — Onkelos ; who, by the by, frequently renders
+the holy Name with ^'memera" xiO'O prefixed, as in Gen.
+iii. 8, vi. 6, xv. 6, &c.; perhaps the idea of ^oyoj, cum-
+mon in his time, as the mysterious creative power of the
+Deity.
+
+'' Others render this word with " springs;" others with
+"the foot ;" others with ''heights;" but it probably means
+the direction which streams take in quitting a mountain,
+
+2C
+
+
+unto the children of Israel, when they came
+ibrtli out of P]g^q;)t,
+
+46 On this .side of the Jordan, in tlie valley
+opposite to Beth-])eor, in the land of Sichon
+the king of tlie Emorites, who dwelt at Chesli-
+bon, whom Moses and the children of Israel
+smote, after they were come forth out of Egj'pt ;
+
+47 And they took possession of his land,
+and of the land of 'Og the king of Bashan,
+the two kings of the Emorites, who were o^
+this side of the Jordan toward the rising of
+the sun ;
+
+48 From 'Aro'er, which is on the bank of
+the river Arnon, even unto Mount Sion, which
+is Chermon,
+
+49 And all the jslain on this side of the
+Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the
+plain, under the declivities'' of Pisgah.'''
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ And Moses called all Israel, and
+said unto them, Hear, 0 Israel, the statutes
+and the ordinances which I speak in your
+ears this day, that ye may learn them, and
+that ye may observe to do them.
+
+2 The Lord our God made a covenant with
+us in Horeb.
+
+3 Not with our fathers did the Lord make
+this covenant, but with us, we who are here
+all of us alive this day.
+
+4 Face" to face did the Lord speak with
+you on the mount, out of the midst of the
+fire,
+
+5 (F was standing between the Lord and be-
+tween you at that time, to announce to you
+the word of the Lord ; for ye were afraid by
+reason of the fire, and ye went not up into
+the mount;) saying,
+
+6 ][ I am the Lord thy God, who have
+brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from
+the house of slavery.
+
+7 Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
+
+8 Thou shalt not make unto thyself any
+graven image, any likeness of any thing that
+
+
+or the slope; here, therefore, the points where the slopes
+of the Pisgah commence. (See Num. xxi. 15.)
+
+' I. <:. Without a mediator. — Aben Ezra.
+
+■* This is a parenthesis, explaining the reason why the
+people would not themselves receive the couimauduients,
+and of the appointment of Moses as the messenger between
+God aiid the people; the word "saying" is to be understood
+as though it followed immediately upon the words "of the
+fire," in verse 4.
+
+217
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY V. VAETCHANNAN.
+
+
+IS in the heavens above, or tliat is on the
+earth beneath, or that is in the water under
+the earth :
+
+9 Thou shalt not bow thyself down unto
+them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy
+God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity
+of the lathers upon the children, and upon the
+third and upon the fourth generation of them
+tiiat hate me,
+
+10 And showing kindness unto the thou-
+sandth generation of them that love me, and
+keep my commandments.
+
+11 Tl Thou shalt not take the name of the
+Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not
+hold him {ruiltless that taketh his name in
+vain.
+
+12 ^ Keep the salibath-day to sanctify it,
+as the Lord thy God hath commanded" thee.
+
+13 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all
+thy work ;
+
+14 But the seventh day is the sabbath in
+honour of the Lord thy God ; on it thou shalt
+not do any work, neither thou, nor thy son,
+nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor
+thy maid-servant, nor thy ox, nor thy ass, nor
+any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is
+within thy gates: in order that thy man-ser-
+vant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as
+thou.
+
+15 And thou shalt remember that thou
+hast been a servant in the land of Egypt, and
+that the Lord thy God brought thee out from
+there by a might}' hand and by an out-
+stretched arm ; therefore hath the Lord thy
+God commanded thee to observe the sabbath-
+day.
+
+16 ][ Honour thy father and thy mother,
+as the liORD thy God hath commanded thee :
+in order tliiit thy da_\s may be {irolonged,
+and in order that it may go well witli thee, in
+the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.
+
+17 Tl Thou shalt not kill.
+
+^1 Neither'' shalt thou commit adultery.
+^1 Neither shalt thou steal.
+
+° " As the Lord thy God commanded thee in Marah,
+before tiic giving of the law." — R.\siii. Otherwise the
+piirase is merely general, referring to the institution of
+the sabbath as a divine thing, and is an expression of
+Moses ill his address to the peDjile, calling their attention
+t(j the necessity of obedience, because it is the will of God.
+Hence the iutroiliiction of the exodus from Egypt in
+verse 15. See also verse U'l. where the same phrase oc-
+curs again.
+218
+
+
+^ Neither shalt thou bear false witness
+against thy neighbour.
+
+18 ^ Neither shalt thou covet th}- neigh-
+bour's wife.
+
+^ Neither shalt thou desire" thy neighbour's
+house, nor his field, nor his man-servant, nov
+his maid-servant, nor his ox. nor his ass, nor
+any thing that is th}' neighbour's.*
+
+19 ^ These words did the Lord speak unto
+all your assembly on the muiuit out of the
+midst of the fire, of the cloud, and of the thick
+darkness, with a great voice, but he did so no
+more f and he wrote them on two tajjles of
+stone, and he gave them unto me.
+
+20 And it came to pass, when ye heard the
+voice out of the midst of tiie darkness, while
+the mount w'as liurning with fire, that ye
+came near unto me, even all the heads of
+your tribes, and your elders ;
+
+21 And ye said. Behold, the Lord our God
+hath caused us to see his glory and his givat-
+ness, and his voice have we heard out of the
+midst of the fire: this day have we seen that
+God can speak with man, who nevertheless
+may live.
+
+22 But now why shoidd we die ? for this
+great fire may consume us; if we continue to
+hear the voice of the Lord our God any more,
+then shall we die.
+
+23 For where is there any flesli, that hath
+heard the voice of the living God speaking
+out of the midst of the fire, like us, and hath
+remained alive ?
+
+24 Do thou approach, and hear all that
+the Lord our God may say ; and thou shalt
+speak unto us all that the Lord our God
+may speak unto thee; and we will hear and
+do it.
+
+25 And the Lord heard the voice of yoin-
+words, while ye were speaking unto me ; and
+the Lord said unto me, I have heard the voice
+of tlie words of this people, which they have
+spoken unto thee: they have done well in all
+that they have spoken
+
+
+' The English version makes separate verses of i;ll the
+commandments; so also in Exodus xx.
+
+" If we consider that the repetition of the Decalogue
+was only to recall the general tenor thereof to the people,
+the variations from the text in Ex<idus xx. will readily ex-
+plain themselves; it is there the very word of God; here
+Moses teaches what had been confided to him.
+
+^ Meaning, that this was the only time that God spoke
+to the penple without a mediator, as Moses himself was.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY V. VI. VAETCHANNAN.
+
+
+26 Who would granf" that this tlioir heart
+mi,nht remain in tlieni, to tear ine, and to keep
+all my (.•oinuiaudinents at all times; in order
+that it might be well with them, and with
+their children for ever!
+
+27 Go, say to them. Return you unto your
+tents.
+
+28 But as for thee, remain tliou here by
+me, and I will speak unto thee all the com-
+mandments, and the statutes, and the ordi-
+nances, which thou shalt teach them, that
+they may do them in the land which I give
+them to possess it.
+
+29 Observe ye then to do as the Lord your
+God hatli commanded you : ye shall not turn
+aside to the right or to the left.
+
+30 Altogether in the way, which the Lord
+your God luith connnanded you, shall ye
+walk ; in order that ye may live, and that it
+may be -well with you, and that ye may re-
+main many days in the land which ye will
+possess.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 And this is the commandment, with
+the statutes, and the ordinances, which the
+Lord your God hath commanded to teach
+you, to do them in the land whither ye are
+passing over to possess it :
+
+2 In order that thou mayest fear the Lord
+thy God, to keep all his statutes and his com-
+mandments, which I command thee, thou and
+thy son, and thy son's son, all the days of thy
+life ; and in order that thy days may be pro-
+longed.
+
+3 Hear, therefore, 0 Israel, and observe to
+do them; that it may be well with thee, and
+that ye may increase greatly, as the Lord the
+God of thy fathers hath spoken to thee, (in)
+the land flowing with milk and honey.*
+
+4 ^ Hear, 0 Israel ! The Lord, our God, is
+the One Eternal Being.''
+
+* God is represented as speaking in the fashion of man.
+Piety is here shown to be voluntary ; as no Divine force is
+spoken of as compelling tu obedience. The miracles,
+therefore, however astonishing they were, were never-
+theless evanescent, and left human nature unchanged.
+Hence the wish that the tcill then expressed might last
+for ever.
+
+^ Philippson translates, "Hear, Israel, the Eternal,
+our (jtod, the Eternal is One." But every attempt to
+convey in another language the simiilicity uf the Hebrew
+must fail. Hero we have the third revelatidn of God's
+being; in Genesis xvii. he is revealed as the Almighty;
+
+
+5 And thou shalt love the Lord thy God
+with all thy heart, and with all thy soid, and
+with all thy might.
+
+6 And these words which I command thee
+this day, slndl be in thy heart :
+
+7 And thou shalt teach them diligently
+unto thy children, and thou shalt speak of
+them wlien thou sittest in thy house, and
+when thou walkest I)y the way, and when
+thou liest down, and when thou risest up.
+
+8 And thou shalt bind them for a sign
+upon thy hand, and they shall be as frontlets
+between thy eyes.
+
+9 And thou shalt write them upon the
+door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates.
+
+10 ^ And it shall be, when the Lord thy
+God shall Itring thee into the land which he
+hath sworn unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to
+Isaac, and to Jacob, to give unto thee," great
+and goodly cities, which thou didst not build,
+
+11 And houses ftdl of all good things, which
+thou didst not fill, and wells hewed out which
+thou didst not hew, vineyards and olive-trees,
+which thou didst not plant; and thou hast
+eaten and art satisfied :
+
+12 Then beware that thou do not forget
+the Lord, who hath brought thee forth out of
+the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery.
+
+13 The Lord thy God shalt thou fear, and
+him shalt thoti serve, and by his name shalt
+thou swear.
+
+14 Ye'' shall not go after other gods, of the
+gods of the nations which are round about
+yon;
+
+15 For the Lord thy God is a watchful"
+God among you: so that the anger of the
+Lord thy God may not be kindled against
+thee, and he destroy thee from oft' the lace of
+the earth.
+
+16 Tl Ye shall not tempt the Lord your
+God, as ye tempted liini in Massah.
+
+17 Ye shall diligently keep the command-
+in Exodus vi. as the Eternal ; and now as the one, un-
+compound, indivisible, and not liable to change or increase.
+We have thus the complete idea of the Godhead, as the
+highest Power, Eternity, Unity. — After PHn,n>l'SO.\.
+
+" Here we must understand " replete with."
+^ As Moses addresses all the people of Israel, he occa-
+sionally employs the singular, they being but one body in
+liis eyes ; and again the plural, as they are composed of in-
+dividuals. Hence the frequent ciianges observable in the
+text.
+
+" One who sees inicjuity and is ever ready to recom-
+pense it with retribution.
+
+1>19
+
+
+t)EUTERONOMY VI. VII. AYKEB.
+
+
+nients of the Lord your God, and his testimo-
+nies, and his statutes, which he hath com-
+manded thee.
+
+18 And thou shalt do that which is right
+and good in the eyes of the Lord; in order
+that it may be well with thee, and that thou
+mayest go in and take possession of the good
+land with the Lord hath sworn unto thy
+fathers,
+
+19 To cast out all thy enemies from before
+thee; as the Lord hath spoken.
+
+20 ^ When thy son should ask thee in
+time" to come, saying, What mean the testi-
+monies, and the statutes, and the ordinances,
+which the Lord our God hath commanded you ?
+
+21 Then shalt thou say unto thy son, We
+were bond-men unto Pharaoh in Egypt; and
+the Lord brought us out of Egypt with a
+mighty hand ;
+
+22 And the Lord let come signs and won-
+ders, great and sore, on Egypt, on Pharaoh,
+and on all his household, before our eyes;
+
+2.3 And us he brought out from there; in
+order to bring us in, to give us the land which
+he had sworn unto our fathers.
+
+24 And the Lord commanded us to do all
+these statutes, to fear the Lord our God; that
+it might be well with us at all times, and
+that he might preserve us alive, as it is at
+this day.
+
+25 And it shall be accounted righteousness
+unto us, if we observe to do all this command-
+ment before the Lord our God, as he hath
+commanded us.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 T[ Wlien the Lord thy God shall bring
+thee into the land whither thou goest to pos-
+sess it, and cast out many nations before thee,
+the Ilittites, and the Girgashites, and the
+Emorites, and the Canaanites, and the Periz-
+zites, and the Ilivites, and the Jebusites, seven
+nations, greater in number and mightier than
+thou ;
+
+2 And when the Lord thy God shall give
+them up before thee, and thou dost smite
+them: thou shalt utterly destroy them; thou
+slialt not mako any covenant with them, nor
+shuw mercy unto them.
+
+' Ilcb. IITD "to-morrow," any time after to-day.
+'• "Son" stands here for the entire people; therefore it
+is properly followed by th(' plural in the ne.xt phrase.
+" /. ('. The one who is in tr\itii (iod the Creator, while
+220
+
+
+3 Neither shalt thou make marriages witli
+them; thy daughter shalt thou not give untc
+his son. and his daughter shalt thou not take
+unto thy son.
+
+4 For he ^vould turn away thy son*" from
+following me, so that they might serve other
+gods; and the anger of the Lord would be
+kindled against you, and he would destroy'
+thee speedily.
+
+5 But thus shall ye do unto them : their
+altars shall ye pull down, and their statues
+shall ye break, and their groves shall ye cut
+down, and their graven images shall ye liurn
+with fire.
+
+6 For thou art an holy people unto the
+Lord thy God; of thee the Lord thy God
+hath made choice to be unto himself a special
+people, above all the nations that are upon
+the face of the earth.
+
+7 Not because ye are more in number than
+all the nations, did the Lord desire you and
+make choice of you; for ye are the fewest of
+all the nations;
+
+8 But on account of the love of the Lord
+for you, and because he keepeth the oath
+which he hath sworn unto your fathers, hath
+the Lord brought you out with a mighty
+hand, and redeemed j'ou out of the house of
+bond-men, out of the hand of Pharaoh the king
+of Egypt.'-'
+
+9 Know then that the Eternal thy God, is
+the" God, the faithful God, who keepeth the
+covenant and the mercy with those that love
+him and with those that keep his connnand-
+ments to the thousandth generation;
+
+10 And repayeth those that hate him to
+their face,"^ to desti'oy them; he will not de-
+lay to him that hateth him, he will repay
+him to his face.
+
+11 Therefore shalt thou keep the command-
+ment, and the statutes, and the ordinances,
+which I command thee this day, to do them.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah xl. 1 to 20.
+
+
+SECTION XLVI. AYKEB, Dpr.
+
+12 ^ And it shall come to pass in reward
+for that ye will hearken to these ordinances,
+
+the other deities are false, powerle.ss, imaginary beings,
+therefore not Ood. lu this sense must the definite artiele
+iu this and other instances be understood.
+
+^ J. f. At once, promptly, ("Arnheim, "in their life-
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY VII. VIII. AYKEB.
+
+
+aiul keep, and do them, that the Lord thy j
+God will keep unto thee the covenant and
+the kindnet^y whieh he hath sworn unto thy
+fathers :
+
+13 And he will love thee, and bless thee,
+ind multiply thee; and he will bless the
+fruit of thy womb, and tlie fruit of thy land,
+thy corn, and thy wine, and thy oil, the in-
+crease of thy cattle, and the young of thy
+flocks, in the land which he hath sworn unto
+thy fathers to give unto thee.
+
+14 Blessed shalt thou be above all the na-
+tions; there shall not be a barren male or
+female among thee, nor among thy cattle.
+
+15 And the Lord will take away from thee
+all sickness ; and all the evil diseases of Egypt,
+which thou knowest, will he not put upon
+thee; but he will lay them upon all those
+that hate thee.
+
+IG And thou shalt consume all the nations
+which the Lord thy God giveth unto thee;
+thy eye shall not look with pity upon them :
+and thou shalt not serve their gods; tor that
+would be a snare unto thee.
+
+17 T[ If thou shouldst say in thy heart,
+These nations are more numerous than I:
+how shall I be able to dispossess them?
+
+18 Thou shalt not be afraid of them; (but)
+thou shalt well remember w'hat the Lord thy
+God did unto Pharaoh, and unto all Egypt;
+
+19 The great pi'oofs" wliich thy eyes have
+seen, and the signs, and the wonders, and
+the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm,
+whereby the Lord thy God brought thee out :
+in this wise will the Lord thy God do unto
+all the people of whom thou art afraid.
+
+;^0 Moreover the hornet will the Lord thy
+God send out against them, until they that
+are left, and hide themselves from thee, be
+destroyed.
+
+21 Thou shalt not be affrighted at them;
+for the Lord thy God is in the midst of thee,
+a mighty and terril;)le God.
+
+22 And the Lord thy God will chase out
+these nations before thee, little by little : thou
+shalt not be able to make an end of them
+
+
+time,") so that the guilt be expiated in the fourth genera-
+tion, while tlie righteousness of the fathers is remembered
+to the thousandth of their descendants. ixiiyS means
+"every one of those who hate him."
+
+' Onkelos renders "wonders;" Rashi and Mendelssohn,
+■'temptations;" but it appears to be a.s above, iv. 34, to
+denote the positive exhibitions of God's power, or wonders
+
+
+speedily, lest the beasts of the field increase
+upon thee.
+
+2o And the Lokij thy God will give them
+up before thee, and he will bring among
+them a mighty confusion, until they be de-
+stroyed.
+
+24 And he will give their kings into thy
+hand, and thou shalt destroy their name from
+under the heavens: no num shall be able
+to stand up before thee, until thou have de-
+stroyed them.
+
+25 The graven images of their gods shall
+ye burn with fire: thou shalt not covet the
+silver or gold that is on them, so that thou
+wouldst take it unto thyself, lest thou be
+ensnared thereby ; for it is an abomination to
+the Lord thy God.
+
+2G And thou shalt not bring an abomintir
+tion into thy house, lest thou become accursed
+like it: thou shalt utterly detest it, and thou
+shalt utterly abhor it; for it is accursed.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ][ All the commandment which I com-
+mand thee this day shall ye observe to do; in
+order that ye may live, and multiply, and go
+in and take possession of the land which the
+Lord hath sworn unto your fathers.
+
+2 And thou shalt remember all the way
+which the Lord thy God hath led thee these
+forty years in the wilderness, in order to afflict
+thee, to prove thee, to know what is in thy
+heart, whether thou wouldst keep his com-
+mandments, or not.
+
+o And he afflicted thee, and suffered thee
+to hunger, and he gave thee manna to eat,
+which thou knewest not, and which thy
+fathers had not known; in order that he
+might make thee know that not by bread
+alone man dotli live, but by e^'ery thing that
+joroceedeth out of the mouth'' of the Lord
+doth man live.
+
+4 Thy garment did not tall worn out from
+thee," and thy foot did not swell,'' these Ibrty
+years.
+
+5 And thou shalt consider in thy heart,
+
+
+sent as proofs of the truth of the prophetic mission of
+Moses.
+
+' i. e. Whatever is produced by the will of God. God's
+word creates; hence every thing proceeds out of his
+mouth.
+
+° After Arnhcim.
+
+^ i.e. From walking barefoot in the sand.
+
+221
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY VIII. IX. AYKEB.
+
+
+that, as a man chasteneth his son," so doth
+the Lord thy God chasten thee.
+
+6 And thou shalt keep the commandments
+of the Lord, thy God, to walk in his ways,
+and to fear him.
+
+7 For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into
+a g(jod Land, a land of brooks of water, of
+fountains and depths'' that spring out of val-
+leys and mountains ;
+
+8 A land of wheat, and barley, and of the
+vine, and the fig-tree, and the pomegranate;
+a land of the oil-olive, and of honey ;
+
+9 A land wherein thou shalt eat bread
+without scarceness, wherein thou shalt not
+lack any thing; a land the stones whereof
+are iron, and out of the mountains of which
+thou canst licw copper.
+
+10 And when thou hast eaten and art
+satisfied, then shalt thou bless the Lord thy
+God for the good land which he hath given
+thee.*
+
+11 Take" heed unto thyself that thou for-
+get not the Lord thy God, so as not to keep
+his commandments, and his ordinances, and
+his statutes, which I command thee this day;
+
+12 That when thou hast eaten and art
+satisfied, and hast built goodly houses, and
+dwelt therein;
+
+13 And when tl\y herds and thy flocks
+multiply, and thy silver and thy gold are
+multiplied, and all that thou hast is multi-
+plied :
+
+14 Thy heart be then not lifted up, and
+thou forget the Lord thy God, who hath
+brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt,
+from the house of slavery;
+
+15 Who hath led thee through the great
+and terrible wilderness, wherein are snakes,
+poisonous serpents, and scorpions, and drought,
+where there is no water; who hath brought
+forth for thee water out of the fiinty
+rock ;
+
+16 Who hath fed thee in the wilderness
+with manna, wiiicli thy fathers knew not;
+in order to alllict thee, and in order to Drove
+thee, to do thee good at thy latter end;
+
+* The father punishes the son to correct him of some
+rvil habit or propensity; in the same manner did the
+Lord punish tlic Israelites to cure them of their sinful-
+ness.
+
+' "Lakes." — Aknuei.m.
+
+' All friini this verse to v. 17 inclusive is one sentence,
+and must be so understood: Moses vfarns the people not
+to imagine, after all the dangers should he passed, that it
+222
+
+
+17 And thou say in thy heart. My power
+and the strength of luy hand have gotten me
+this wealth.
+
+18 But thou shalt remember the Lord thy
+God; for it is he that giveth thee power to
+get wealth ; in order that he might fulfil his
+covenant which he hath sworn unto thy
+fathers, as it is this day.
+
+19 If And it shall come to pass, that, if
+thou shouldst forget the Lord thy God, and
+walk after other gods, and serve them, and
+bow thyself down to them, I testify against
+you this day that ye shall surely perish ;
+
+20 Like the nations which the Lord de-
+stroyeth from before you, so shall ye perish ;
+in recompense of that ye would not hearken
+unto the voice of the Lord your God.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 T[ Hear, 0 Israel : Thou art to pass this
+day over the Jordan, to go in to drive out
+nations greater and mightier than thou, (to
+conquer) cities great and fortified up to
+heaven,
+
+2 A people great and tall, the children of
+the 'Anakim, whom thou knowest, and of
+whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand
+before the children of 'Anak !
+
+3 Understand therefore this day, that the
+Lord thy God it is who goeth over before
+thee, he is a consuming fire; he will destroy
+them, and he will subdue them before thy
+face; and thou wilt drive them out. and de-
+stroy them quickly,'' as the Lord hath spoken
+unto thee.*
+
+4 Thou must not say in thy heart, when
+the Lord thy God doth cast them out from
+before thee, as followeth, For my righteous-
+ness hath the Lord Ijrought me in to possess
+this land; and that for the wickedness of
+these nations the Lord doth drive them out
+from before thee.
+
+5 Not for thy righteousness, nor lor the
+uprightness of th^y heart, dost thou go in to
+possess their land ; but for the wickedness of
+these nations doth the Lord thy God drive
+
+
+was their strength which had accomplished all, but to look
+upon their acquisitions as the gift of God ; man indeed must
+labour, but God alone can graut success.
+
+■* This is no contradiction to vii. '22 ; for there it merely
+says that the conquest shall be gradual ; here that, though
+it take place in this way, it would still be in less time than
+tiie Israelites, from their unprepared .state to cope with
+their enemies, could rationally expect.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY IX. AYKEB.
+
+
+them out from before thee, and in order that
+he may fulfil the word which the Lorp hath
+sworn unto thy fathers, to x\braham, to Isaac,
+and to Jacob.
+
+6 And thou shalt know, that not for th}^
+riditeousness doth the Lord thy God give
+unto thee this good land to possess it; for
+thou art a stiff-necked people.
+
+7 Remember," do not forget, how thou
+didst provoke the Lord thy God to wrath in
+the wilderness : from the day that thou went-
+est out of the land of Egypt, until ye came
+unto this place, have ye been rebellious
+against the Lord.
+
+8 Also at Horeb ye provoked the Lord to
+wrath, so that the Lord was angry with you
+to destroy you.
+
+9 When I Avas gone up into the mount to
+receive the tables of stone, the tables of the
+covenant which the Lord had made with you,
+and 1 aljode on the mount forty days and
+forty nights, Ijread did I not eat, and water
+did I not drink.
+
+10 And the Lord gave unto ine the two
+tables of stone inscribed by the finger of God ;
+and on them (was written) according to all
+the words, which the Lord had spoken with
+you on the mount out of the midst of the fire
+on the day of the assembly.
+
+11 And it came to pass at the end of forty
+days and forty nights, that the Lord gave
+unto me the two tables of stone, the tables of
+the covenant.
+
+12 And the Lord said unto' me. Arise, get
+thee down f[uickly from here; for thy people
+which tliou hast brought forth out of Egypt
+have become corrujited ; they have quickly
+turned aside out of the way which I have
+commanded them; they have made them-
+selves a molten image.
+
+13 And the Lord said unto me, thus, I
+have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stifl-
+necked people:
+
+14 Let me alone, and I will destroy them,
+and blot out their name from imder the
+heavens; and I will make of thee a nation
+mightier and more numerous than they.
+
+15 And I turned and came down from the
+
+* Since men are so apt to imagine all they receive as
+justly their due, the prophet here impresses upon the
+people, that they had deserved punishment, not the great
+mercy which was and would be shown them.
+
+' Although Moses had already spoken of the rebellion
+
+
+mount, and the mount was burning with fire;
+and the two tables of the covenant were upon
+my two hands.
+
+l(j And I looked, and, behold, ye had sin-
+ned agaiivst the Lord your God, ye had made
+yourselves a molten calf; ye had turned aside
+quickly out of the way which the Lord had
+commanded you.
+
+17 And I took hold of the two tables, and
+cast them out of my two hands, and I broke
+them Ijefore your ej'es.
+
+18 And I threw myself down before the *
+Lord, as at the first, forty days and forty
+nights; bread did I not eat, and water did I
+not drink; on account of all your sins which
+ye had committed, in doing what is evil in
+the eyes of the Lord, to provoke him to
+anger.
+
+19 For I was afraid of the anger and the
+indignation, wherewith the Lord was wi-otli
+against 3'ou to destroy you; but the Lord
+hearkened unto me also at that time.
+
+20 And with Aaron was the Lord Aery
+angry to destroy him; and I praved also tin-
+Aaron at the same time.
+
+21 And your work of sin, which yo had
+made, the calf, I took and burnt it in fire,
+and stami^ed it, grinding it very small, until
+it was as fine as dust: and I cast the dust
+thereof into the brook that descendeth from
+the mount.
+
+22 And at Taberah, and at Massah and at
+Kibroth-hattalivah, have ye been provoking
+the Lord to wrath.
+
+23 And when the Lord sent you from Ka-
+desh-barnea','' saying. Go up and take posses-
+sion of the land which I have given you :
+then rebelled ye against the order of the Lord
+your God, and ye believed not in him, and ye
+hearkened not to his voice.
+
+24 Rel^ellious have ye been against the
+Lord, from the day that I have known \on.
+
+2-5 And I threw myself down Ijefore the
+Lord those forty days and forty nights, which
+I threw myself down ; because the Lord had
+said that he would destroy you.
+
+26 And I jsrayed unto the Lord, and said,'
+0 Lord Eternal, destroy not thy people and
+
+
+upon the occasion of the spies, he sums up here this event
+also as a connected portion of their series of obdurate sin-
+ning.
+
+° As was said above with the ten commandments, so it
+is here : Moses gives merely the substance of what oc-
+
+223
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY IX. X. AYKEB.
+
+
+thy heritao'e, which thou hast redeemed
+through thy greatness, which thou hast
+brought forth out of Egyj^t with a mighty
+hand.
+
+27 Think of tliy servants, of Abraliam, of
+Isaac, and of Jacob ; turn not unto the stub-
+bornness of this people, nor to its wickedness,
+nor to its sin :
+
+28 Lest (the inhabitants of) the bind
+whence thou hast brought us out say, Out of
+want of abihty in the Lord to bring them
+
+'^ into the land which he had promised them,
+and out of his hatred to them, hath he
+brought them out to slay them in the wilder-
+ness.
+
+29 Whereas they are thy people and thy
+heritage, whom thou hast bi'ought out by thy
+mighty power and by thy outstretched arm.*
+
+CHAPTEE X.
+
+1 ^ At that time the Lord said unto me,
+Hew for thyself two tables of stone like unto
+the first, and come up unto me into the
+mount; and make thyself an ark of wood.
+
+2 And I will write on the tables the words
+that were on the first tables which thou hast
+broken; and thou shalt put them in the ark.
+
+3 And I made an ark of shift im-wood, and
+hewed two tables of stone like unto the first;
+and I went up into the mount, with the two
+tables in my hand.
+
+4 And he wrote on the tables, like the first
+writing, the ten connnandments, which the
+Lord had spoken unto you on the mount out
+of the midst of the fire on the day of the as-
+sembly; and the Lord gave them unto me.
+
+5 And I turned myself and came down
+from the mount, and I put the tables in the
+ark which I had made; and they have re-
+mained there, as the Lord hath commanded
+me.
+
+6 And the children of Israel took their
+journey from the wells of the children of Ya'a-
+kan to Mosserah : there' Aaron died, and he
+
+
+curred, and confines himself not to the exact words which
+were spoken. His object is to condense, and occasionally
+to add some particulars not before dwelt upon.
+
+* This verse is thus explained by Abon Ezra : " Above
+it is said that Moses prayed also for Aaron ; and he did
+not die then, but at the end of forty years." The places
+mentioned here are either divisions of Mount Hor, or
+neighbiinring places thereto. The former opinion is pro-
+bably the most correct.
+224
+
+
+was buried there ; and Elazar his son became
+priest in his stead.
+
+7 From there they journeyed unto Gudgo-
+dah ; and I'rom Gudgodah to Yotbatha, a land
+of brooks of waters.
+
+8 At that time^ did the Lord separate the
+tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of the covenant
+of the Lord, to stand before the Lord to
+minister unto him, and to bless in his name,
+unto this day.
+
+9 Therefore was not assigned unto Levi
+any poiition or mheritance with his brethren :
+the Lord is his inheritance, as tlie Lord thy
+God hath spoken to him.
+
+10 And I stayed on the mount, like the
+first days, forty days and forty nights ; and
+the Lord hearkened unto me also at that
+time, the Lord would not destroy thee.
+
+11 And the Lord said unto me, Ari.se, go
+on the journey before the i)eople, that they
+may go in and take possession of the land,
+which I have sworn unto their fathers to give
+unto them.*
+
+12 ^ And now, Israel, what doth the Lord
+thy God require of thee, but to fear the Lord
+thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love
+him, and to serve the Lord thy God ^vith all
+thy heart and with all thy soul,
+
+13 To keep the commandments of the
+Lord, and his statutes, which I command thee
+this day, for thy own good ?
+
+14 Behold, to the Lord thy God belong
+the heavens and the heavens of heavens, and
+the earth with' all that is thereon ;
+
+15 Yet only in thy fathers had the Lord
+delight, to love them ; he chose, therefore,
+their seed after them, namely you, from all
+the nations, as it is this day.
+
+l(i Remove" therefore the obduracy of your
+heart, and be no more stiff-neclved.''
+
+17 For the Lord your God is the God of
+gods, and the Lord of lords, the great, the
+mighty, and the terrible God, who hath no re-
+gard to persons, and talceth no bribe ;
+
+
+' At the time first mentioned, when the golden calf was
+made.
+
+° The phrase employed in the Hebrew is so peculiarly
+idiomatic, that it has been freely rendered, more so than
+any other hitherto in this version. Whatever is odious
+among the Israelites is called "uncircumcised ;" hence, t<i
+convert the heart, to be no longer disobedient, is called
+"circumcising the heart."
+
+'' Lit. "And cause not your neck to be slitV any uioro."
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY X. XI. AYKEB.
+
+
+18 Who executeth justice for the fatherless
+and the wiclo\v, and loveth the stranger, to
+give him Ibod and raiment.
+
+19 Love yv then the stranger; for you ha\c
+been sti'angers in the hmd of Egyjit.
+
+"20 The Lord thy God shalt thou fear: him
+shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave,
+and bv his name shalt thou swear.
+
+21 lie is thy praise, and he is thy God,
+who hath done for thee these great and fear-
+ful things, which thy own eyes have seen.
+
+'I'l With sevent}' persons did thy fathers
+go down into Egypt ; and now the Lord th}'
+God hath made thee like the stars of heaven
+in multitude.
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+1 Thou shalt therefore love the Lord thy
+God, and keep his charge, and his statutes,
+and his ordinances, and his commandments,
+all the days.
+
+2 And ye shall know this day, that (I
+speak) not with your children who have not
+known, and who have not seen the chastise-
+ment of the Lord your God, his greatness, his
+strong hand, and his outstretched arm ;
+
+3 And his signs, and his acts, which he
+displayed in the midst of Egypt, unto Pharaoh
+the king of Egypt, and unto all his land ;
+
+4 And what he did unto the army of
+Egypt, unto its horses, and to its chariots;
+over whom he caused the water of the Red
+Sea to flow, as they pursued after you, and
+whom the Lord destroyed unto" this day;
+
+5 And what he did unto you in the wilder-
+ness, until ye came unto this place ;
+
+6 And what he did unto Dathan and Abi-
+ram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reiiben;
+liow the earth opened her mouth, and swal-
+lowed them up, and their households, and
+their tents, and all tlie living substance that
+followed them, in the midst of all Israel ;
+
+7 But^ it is your own eyes which have seen
+all the great acts of the Lord which he hath
+done.
+
+8 Ye shall therefore keep all the command-
+
+
+' Mcndelssohu veuders freely: "Anrl the Lord des-
+troyed them to such a degree, that none of them is to be
+seen any more." It appears, however, that the phrase is
+merely the strong affirmative frequently used by Moses.
+
+'' With this ver.se ends the f-cntencc commenced with
+verse '2.
+
+° "In Egypt it was necessary tu bring water from the
+2D
+
+
+ment which I command you this day, that ye
+mav' be strong, and go in and take possession
+of the land, whither ye go over to possess it;
+'J And in order that ye may live many
+days in the land, Avhich the Lord hath sworn
+luito }'our fathers to give unto them and to
+their seed, a land flowing with milk and
+hone} .*
+
+10 ^ For tlie land, ^vhither thou goest in to
+possess it, is not like the land of Egypt, from
+where ye came out, where thou sowest thy
+seed, and waterest it with thy foot," as a gar-
+den of herbs ;
+
+11 But the land, whither ye go over to
+possess it, is a land of mountains and valleys,
+from the rain of heaven doth it drink water:
+
+12 A land which the Lord thy God careth
+for ; always are the eyes of the Lord thy God
+upon it, from the beginning of the year even
+unto the end of the year.
+
+13 ^ And it shall come to pass, if ye will
+hearken diligently unto my commandments
+which I command you this day, to love the
+Lord your God, and to serve him with all
+your heart and with all your soul,
+
+14 That I will send rain for your land in
+its due season, the first rain and the latter
+rain, that thou mayest gather in thj- corn,
+and thy wine, and thy oil.
+
+15 And I will give grass in thy field for
+thy cattle ; and thou shalt eat and be satisfied,
+
+16 Take heed to yourselves, that your
+heart be not deceived, and ye turn aside, and
+serve other gods, and worship) them ;
+
+17 (For) then the Lord's wratii will be
+kindled against you, and he will shut up the
+heavens that there be no rain, and the land,
+will not yield her products ; and ye shall
+perish quickly from oft' the good land which
+the Lord giveth unto you.
+
+IS Therefore shall ye lay u[) these my
+words in your heart and in your sold ; and ye
+shall bind them for a sign upon your hand,
+and they shall be as frontlets between your
+eyes.
+
+19 And ye shall teach them to your chil-
+
+
+Nile on foot," (hence the expression in the verse,) "and
+to water it, like the vegetable garden, which has not
+enough from the rain of heaven." — Kashi. It however
+probably alludes to the water-wheels used in the East for
+purposes of irrigation, which are worked by treading upon
+them, ill the manner iit a tn ad-niill ; in this view, the foot
+actually does the watering.
+
+22b
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XL XII. REAY.
+
+
+clren, to speak of them when thou sittest in
+thy house, and when thou walkest by the
+way, and when thou liest down, and when
+thou I'isest up.
+
+20 And thou shalt write them upon the
+door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates.
+
+21 In order that your days may be multi-
+plied, and the days of your children, in the
+land which the Lord swore unto your fathers
+to give unto them, as the da_\s of the heavens
+over the earth."*
+
+22 ][ For if ye will diligently keep all this
+commandment which 1 command you, in order
+to do it, to love the Lord your God, to walk
+in all his ways, and to cleave unto him :
+
+2.3 Then will the Lord drive out all these
+nations from before you, and ye sliall supplant
+nations greater and mightier than yourselves.
+
+24 Every j^lace whereon the sole of your
+foot may tread shall be yours : from the wil-
+derness and the Lebanon, from the river, the
+river Euphrates, eveu unto the Western Sea''
+shall be your boundary.
+
+25 There shall no man be able to stand up
+before you ; the dread of you and the fear of
+you will the Lord your God lay upon all the
+land which ye may tread upon, as he hath
+spoken unto you.
+
+Ilaphtorah iu Isaiah xlix. 14 to li. 3.
+
+
+SECTION XLVII. REAY, HNI.
+
+26 T[ Behold, I lay before 3'ou this day a
+blessing and a curse :
+
+27 The blessing, if ye will hearken unto
+.the commandments of the Lord your God,
+
+which I command you this day ;
+
+28 And the curse, if ye will not hearken
+unto the commandments of the Lord your
+God, and ye turn aside out of the way which
+I command you this day, to go after other
+gods, which ye know not.
+
+29 ^ And it shall come to pass, when the
+IiORD thy God shall have brought thee in
+
+
+unto the land whither thou goest to possess
+it, that thou shalt put the blessing" upon
+mount Gerizzim, and the curse upon mount
+'Ebal.
+
+30 Behold, they are on the other side of
+the Jordan, far away in the direction of the
+going down of the sun, in the land of the Ca-
+naanites, wlio dwell in the plain, opposite
+Gilgal, near the grove of Moreh.
+
+31 For 3'e are about to pass over the Jor-
+dan to go in to take j^ossession of the land
+which the Lord j-our God giveth jou ; and ye
+will possess it, and dwell therein.
+
+32 And ye shall then observe to do all the
+statutes and ordinances which I set before you
+this day.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 These are the statutes and ordinances,
+which ye shall observe to do, in the land
+which the Lord, the God of thy fathers, giveth
+unto thee to possess it, all the days that ye
+live upon the earth.
+
+2 Ye shall utterly destroy all the places
+whereon the nations which ye are about to
+drive out served their gods, upon the high
+mountains, and upon the hills, and under
+
+'every green tree;
+
+3 And ye .shall overthrow their altars, and
+break their statues, and their groves shall ye
+burn with fire; and the graven images of their
+gods shall 3'e hew down ; and }e shall destroy
+their name out of the same place.
+
+4 Ye shall not do so'' unto the Lord }our
+God;
+
+5 But unto the place which the Lord your
+God ma}' choose out of all your tribes to put
+his name there, even unto his habitation
+shall ye repair, and thither shalt thou come;
+
+G And ye shall bring thither ^our burnt-
+offerings, and your sacrifices, and your tithes,
+and the heave-offering of your liand, and
+your vows, and your freewill-ofl'eriugs, and
+the first-born of your herds and of your
+flocks ;
+
+
+" ('. c. While tho sky is visible over the earth, or always.
+
+"' /. c. The Jlerliterraiieaii Sea, which is at the west of
+Palestine; .so calleJ in reference to the Sea of Kinnercth,
+which is at the cast. tnriN is in this sense opposed to
+tmp, "west" and "cast," not "last" and "first." — After
+
+A'lMIKIM.
+
+' 'I'iie manner of ihiing thi.? \rill be fmind farther ex-
+plained in chap, xxvii.
+226
+
+
+^ " Ye shall not sacrifice unto Heaven in every place,"
+&e.— P..\sin. Thii; is another energetic prohibition against
+following the heathen practices. On every promontory,
+hill, or remarkable place, temples and statues were erected;
+and to this day similar customs prevail among the gen-
+tiles; but not so should Israel do : they were one people;
+they liad but one God ; they ncrded no mediator, so thej
+1! should have but oue temple, and one altar.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XII. REAY.
+
+
+7 And ye shall eat there before the Eord
+your God. and ye shall rejoice with all tlie
+acquisition of your hand, ye and your house-
+holds, wherewith the Lord thy God may have
+blessed thee.
+
+8 Ye shall not do after all the manner that
+we do here this day, every one whatsoever is
+right in his own eyes.
+
+9 For ye are not as yet come to tlie rest
+and to the inheritance, which the Lord thy
+God giveth thee.
+
+10 But ye will go over the Jordan, and
+dwell in the land which the Lord your God
+causeth you to inherit, and he will give you
+rest from all your enemies round about, so
+that ye may dwell in safety.*
+
+11 And then shall it be, that the place
+which the Lord your God will choose to
+cause his name to dwell there, — (even) thither
+shall ye bring all that I command 30U : your
+burnt-ofteriniis. and vour sacrifices, voiir tithes,
+and the heave-offering of }'our hand, and all
+your choice vows which ye may voav unto the
+Lord;
+
+12 And ye shall rejoice before the Lord
+your God, ye, and your sons, and your daugh-
+ters, and your men-servants, and your maid-
+servants, and the Levite who is within your
+gates; because he hath not any portion nor
+inheritance with you.
+
+13 Take heed to thyself that thou ofler not
+thy burnt^offerings in every place which thou
+mayest see ; .
+
+14 But in the place which the Lord will
+choose in one of thy tribes, there shalt thou
+offer thy burnt^offerings, and there shalt thou
+do ah *jiat I command thee.
+
+15 iNotwiihstanding, according to all the
+longing of thy soul, mayest thou kill and eat
+flesh, accordin"' to the blessinti' of the Lord
+thy God which he hath given thee, in all thy
+gates: the unclean and the clean may eat
+thereof as of the roebuck, and as of the hart.
+
+IG Only the blood shall ye not eat: upon
+the Ccirth shall ye pour it out as water.
+
+17 Thou mayest not eat within thy gates
+the titlie of thy corn, or of thy wine, or of thy
+oil. nor tlie first-born of thy herds or of thy
+flocks, nor any of thy vows which thou mayest
+
+" In this and in v. 14, permission is granted to kill ani-
+mals for food, beyond the precincts of the temple, prohi-
+oited during the journey on the desert. (Lev. xxvii. 3, 4.)
+
+
+vow, nor thy freewill-offerings, and the heave-
+offering of thy baud;
+
+18 But before the Lord thy God must thou
+eat them in the place which the Lord thy
+God may choose, tliou. and thy son, and thy
+daug-liter, and thy nian-scr\;uit, and thy maid-
+servant, and the Levite who is within thy
+gates; and thou shalt rejoice before the Lord
+thy God with all the ac(piisition of thy hand.
+
+19 Take heed to thyself that thou forsake
+not the Levite as long as thou livest upon thy
+land.
+
+20 Tl When the Lord thy God will enlarge
+thy border, as he hath spoken unto thee, and
+thou dost say, I wish to eat fiesh, because thy
+soul longeth to eat fiesh : then mayest thou,
+according to all the longing of thy soul, eat
+flesh.
+
+21 K the place which the Lord thy God
+may choose to put his name there be too far
+for thee : then mayest thou kill of thy
+herds" and of thy flocks, which the Lord hath
+given thee, as I have commanded thee; and
+thou shalt eat in thy gates according to all
+the longing of thy soul.
+
+22 But as the roebuck and the hart are
+eaten, so shalt thou eat the same : the unclean
+and the clean may eat thereof together.
+
+23 Only be firm so as not to eat the blood;
+for the blood is the life ; and thou shalt not
+eat the life with the fiesh.
+
+24 Thou shalt not eat it : upon the earth
+shalt thou pour it out like water.
+
+25 Thou slialt not eat it ; in order that it
+may go well with thee, and with thy children
+after thee, when thou wilt do what is right
+in the eyes of the Lord.
+
+26 Nevertheless thy holy things which
+thou mayest have, and thy vows, shalt thou
+take, and go unto the place which the Lord
+may choose :
+
+27 And thou shalt offer thy burnt-offerings,
+the fiesh and the blood, upon the altar of the
+Lord thy God; and the Ijlood of thy sacrifices
+shall be poured out u])on the altar of the
+Lord thy God, and the fiesh shalt thou eat.
+
+28 Observe and hear all these words which
+I command thee; in order that it may go well
+with thee, and with thy children after thee
+
+
+Of such killing, the clean and unclean may eat together.
+Verse 26 again enjoins that whatever has been sanctified,
+must nevertheless be brought to the altar.
+
+227
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XII. XIII. REAY.
+
+
+for ever, when thou wilt do what is good and
+right in the eyes of the Lord thy God.*
+
+29 ][ When the Lord thy God will cut oflf
+the nations, whither thou goest to drive them
+out from before thee, and thou succeedest
+them, and dwellest in their land :
+
+30 Then take heed to thyself that thou be
+not snared by following them, after they have
+been destroyed from before thee ; and that
+thou inquire not after their gods, saying. How
+did these nations serve their gods ? even so
+will I do likewise.
+
+31 Thou shalt not do so unto the Lord thy
+God; for every abomination" to the Lord,
+which he hateth, have they done unto their
+gods ; for even their sons and their daughters
+have they burnt in the fire to their gods.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 What thing soever I command you, even
+that shall ye observe to do : thou shalt not add
+thereto, and thou shalt not diminish there-
+from.''
+
+2 ^ If there arise in the midst of thee a
+prophet, or a dreamer of dreams, and he giv-
+eth thee a sign or a token,
+
+3 And the sign or the token come to pass,
+whereof he spoke unto thee, saying. Let us go
+after other gods, which thou dost not know,
+and let us serve them :
+
+4 Then shalt thou not hearken unto the
+words of that prophet, or unto that dreamer
+of dreams; for the Lord your God proveth
+you, to know whether ye indeed love" the
+Lord your God with all your heart and with
+all your soul.
+
+5 After the Lord your God shall ye walk,
+and him shall ye fear, and his commandments
+shall ye keep, and his voice shall ye obey,
+and him shall ye serve, and unto him shall
+ye cleave.
+
+6 And that prophet, or that dreamer of
+dreams, shall be put to death; because he
+hath spoken revolt against the Lord your
+God, who hath brought you out of the land
+
+
+of Egypt, and who hath redeemed you out of
+the house of bond-men, to mislead thee ironi
+the way which the Lord thy God commanded
+thee to walk tlierein ; and thou shalt put the
+evil iiway from the midst of thee.
+
+7 T[ If thy bi'other, the son of thy mother,
+or thy son, or thy daughter, or tlie wife of
+thy bosom, or thy triend, who is (dear to thee)
+as thy own soul, should entice thee, in secret,
+saying. Let us go and serve other gods, which
+thou dost not know, either thou, or thy
+fathers ;
+
+8 Some of the gods of the nations which
+are round about you, that are nigh unt(j thee,
+or that are far off from thee, from one end of
+the earth even unto the other end of the
+earth :
+
+9 Then shalt thou not consent unto him,
+nor shalt thou hearken unto him ; nor shall
+thy eye look with pity on him, nor shalt thou
+spare, nor shalt thou conceal it for him ;
+
+10 But thou shalt surely kill him ; thy hand
+shall be the first upon him to put him to death,
+and the hand of all the people afterward.
+
+11 And thou shalt stone him with stones,
+that he die ; because he sought to mislead
+thge from the Lord thy God, who hath brought
+thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house
+of bond-men.
+
+12 And all Israel shall hear it, and they
+shall be afraid, and they shall not do any
+more such a wicked deed as this is in the
+midst of thee.
+
+13 ^ If thou shouldst hear concerning one
+of thy cities, which the Lord thy God hath
+given thee to dwell there, saying,
+
+14 There have gone forth men, children of
+worthlessness,'' from the midst of thee, and
+have misled the inhabitants of their city, say-
+ing. Let us go and serve other gods, whicli ye
+have not known :
+
+15 Then shalt thou iiiquire, and make
+search, and ask diligentl}' ; and, behold, if it
+be true, the thing is certain, such abomination
+hath been wrought in the midst of thee :
+
+
+• Inasmuch as the worship of thr heathens presented so ° The DWine legislatimi is the standard ipf truth ; conso-
+many abominations, the Israelites are here prohibited ' quer.tly no miracle, sliould such be wrought, can be o(m-
+from copying any of their customs in tliis respect ; only sidered :,s an evidence of Divine mission, if it coutradict
+that which (!im1 commanded could he lawfully considered ■ the law. The will of God is expressed in his revelation,
+
+
+Divine worship, and no addition, however elegant, could
+be tolerated. The ne.vt verse, therefore, follows properly
+as a farther exposition.
+
+^ The English version commences cliap. xiii. at verse 2
+228
+
+
+and he is uo man, that he should change
+
+■" h})f 'Sj " without yoke, who iiave thrown oft' the yoke
+of Heaven." — K.vsiU. "Sons of Belial" has uo lueau-
+
+iug.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XIII. XIV. REAY.
+
+
+16 Then shall tliou smite the inliabitants
+of that city with the edge of the sword, de-
+voting it utterly, and all that is therein, and
+the cattle thereof, to the edge of the sword.
+
+17 And all its spoil shalt thcni gather into
+the midst of the market-place thereof, and
+thou shalt burn with fire the city, and all its
+spoil entirely, unto the Lord thy God; and it
+shall be a ruinous heap for ever: it shall not
+be built again.
+
+18 And there shall not cleave to thy hand
+ausi'lit of the devoted things; in order that the
+Lord may turn from the fierceness of his
+anger, and grant thee mercy, and have mercy
+upon thee, and multiply thee, as he hatli
+sworn unto thy fathers;
+
+19 When thou wilt hearken to the voice
+of the Lord thy God, to keep all his com-
+mandments which I command thee this day,
+to do what is right in the eyes of the Lord
+thy God.*
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ][ Ye are the children of the Lord your
+God: ye shall not cut yourselves, nor make
+any baldness between your eyes for the
+dead.
+
+2 For a holy people art thou unto the
+Lord thy God, and the Lord hath made
+choice of thee to be unto himself a peculiar
+nation above all the nations that are upon
+the face of the earth.
+
+•3 ][ Thou shalt not eat any abominable
+thing.
+
+4 These are the beasts which ye ma}' eat :
+The ox, the sheep, and the goat,
+
+5 The hart, and the roebuck, and the fal-
+low-deer, and the chamois, and the gazelle,
+and the wild ox, and the antelope.
+
+6 And every beast that hath parted hoofs,
+and whose feet are cleft into two claws, and
+cheweth the cud among the beasts — that
+alone ma}' }e eat.
+
+7 Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of
+those that chew the cud, and of those that
+possess the divided cloven hoof: The camel.
+
+
+* " The bat," according to Raslii and Mendelssohn. Al-
+though this word has been left unchanged from the Eng-
+lish version, it is not probable that the rendering "swan"
+IS correct; the word noB'jn being also applied among the
+creeping animals as synonymous with '•mole." conse-
+quently used here most probably to denote the flying
+species, ''the bat."
+
+
+and the hare, and the coney ; for they chew
+the cud, but divide not the hoof; unclean are
+they unto you ;
+
+8 And the swine, because it divideth the
+hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean
+unto you ; of their tlesli shall ye not eat. and
+their dead carcass shall ye not touch.
+
+9 Tl This may ye eat of all that is in the
+waters : All that hath fins and scales may ye
+eat;
+
+10 And whatsoever hath not fins and
+scales shall ye not eat; it is unclean unto
+you.
+
+11 ^ Every clean bird may ye eat.
+
+12 But these are they which ye shall not
+eat of them : The eagle, and the ossifrage, and
+the osprey,
+
+13 And the glede, and the kite, and tlie
+vulture after his kind,
+
+14 And every raven after his kind,
+
+15 And the ostrich, and the night-hawk,
+and the cuckoo, and the hawk after his kind,
+
+16 The little owl, and the great owl, and
+the swan,"
+
+1 7 And the pelican, and the gier-eagle, and
+the cormorant,
+
+18 And the stork, and the heron after his
+kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.''
+
+19 And every winged insect is unclean
+unto }ou : it shall not be eaten.
+
+20 All clean fowls may }'e eat.
+
+21 Ye shall not eat any thing that dieth
+of itself: unto the stranger" that is in thy
+gates canst thou give it, that he may eat it;
+or thou mayest sell it unto an alien ; for thou
+art a holy j^eople unto the Lord thy God;
+thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's
+milk.*
+
+22 ][ Thou shalt truly tithe all the pro-
+duce of thy seed, which the field bringeth
+forth year by year.
+
+23 And thou shalt eat before the Lord thy
+God, in the place which he will choose to
+cause his name to dwell there, the tithe oi
+thy corn, of thy wine, and of thy oil, and the
+first-born of thy herds and of thy flocks; in
+
+
+'' "The swallow." — MENDELSSOHN; who, singularly
+enough, doubtless by an oversight in transcribing, renders
+this word in Lev. xi. 19, with '•' WtidcJtopf," English
+"pcwet" or "lapwing," "hoopoe."
+
+" These things not being interdicted for their unliealthi-
+ness, but because God chose to forbid them to Israel
+they may be eaten by others, if they v.'Il.
+
+229
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XTV. XV. REAY.
+
+
+order that thou may leai'ii to ft-ar the Lord
+thy God all the days.
+
+24 And if the way be too long for thee, so
+that thou art not able to carry it; because
+the place is too far from thee, which the
+Lord thy God will choose to set his name
+tliere, because the Lord thy God will bless
+thee :
+
+25 Then shalt thou turn it into money,
+and Ijind up the money in thy hand, and
+thou shalt go unto the place which the Lord
+thy God will choose;
+
+26 And thou shalt lay out that money for
+whatsoever thy soul longeth after, for oxen,
+or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink,
+or for whatsoever thy soul asketh of thee;
+and thou shalt eat it there before the Lord
+thy God, anil thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thy
+household.
+
+27 And the Levite, who is within thy
+gates, him sluilt thou not forsake; for he
+hath no portion nor inheritance with thee.
+
+28 T[ At the end of three years shalt thou
+bring forth" all the tithe of thy produce in
+the same year, and thou shalt lay it down
+within thy gates:
+
+29 And then shall come the Levite, be-
+cause he hath no portion nor inheritance with
+thee, with the stranger, and the fatherless,
+and the widow, that are within thy gates,
+and they shall eat and be satisfied; in order
+that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all
+the work of thy hand which thou doest.*
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ At tlie end of (every) seven years
+shalt thou make a release.
+
+2 And this is the manner of the release :
+Every creditor shall release the loan which
+he hath lent to his neighbour; he shall not
+exact it of his neighbour, or of his brother;
+because the release year in honour of the
+Lord hath been ])roclaimed.
+
+•") Of a foreigner thou mayest exact (pay-
+ment) ; but that which is thine with thy
+brother shall thy hand release.
+
+4 Although'' indeed there should be no
+need}' uuui among thee; for the Lord will
+greatly bless thee in the land which the Lord
+
+
+' I. c. Out of the house. Every third year the tithe
+which at other times was eaten at Jerusalem, was reserved
+for tho poor iu all cities.
+230
+
+
+thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to
+possess it:
+
+5 Yet only if thou wilt carefully hearken
+unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to ol>
+serve to do all this commandment which I
+command thee this day.
+
+6 For the Lord thy God blesseth thee, as
+he hath spoken unto thee; and thou shalt
+lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not
+borrow; and thou shalt rule over many na-
+tions, but over thee shall they not rule.
+
+7 1[ If there be among thee a needy man,
+au}' one of thy brethren within any of thy
+gates in thy land which the Lord thy God
+giveth thee; thou shalt not harden thy heart,
+nor shut thy hand from thy needy brother.
+
+8 But thou shalt open wide thj' hand unto
+him, and thou shalt surely lend him sufficient
+for his need, which his want requireth.
+
+9 Beware that there be not a wicked
+thought in thy heart, saying, Tlie seventh
+year, the year of release, is at hand ; and thy
+eye be thus evil against thy needy brother, so
+that thou wouldst give him nought; and if
+he cry concerning tliee unto the Lord, it will
+be sin in thee:
+
+10 Thou shalt surely give him, and thy
+heart shall not be grieved when thou giv .st
+unto him ; for because of this thing the Lord
+thy God will bless thee in all thy work, and
+in all the acquisition of thy hand.
+
+11 For the needy will not cease out of the
+land; therefore do I command thee, saying,
+Thou shalt open wide thy hand unto thy
+brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in
+thy land.
+
+12 ][ If thy brother, the Hebrew, or a He-
+brew woman, be sold unto thee, he shall serve
+thee six years; and in the seventh year shalt
+thou let him go free from thee.
+
+13 And when thou lettest him go out free
+from thee, thou shalt not let him go away
+empty :
+
+14 Thou shalt funiish liim liljerally out of
+thy flocks, and out of thy threshing-floor, and
+out of thy wine-press; wherewith the Lord
+thy God hath blessed thee, that shalt thou
+give unto him.
+
+15 And thou slialt remember that thou
+
+
+" This verse has been rendered according to Moniicls-.
+sohn; but it evidently means that the poor siiould In' very
+few ; hence to relieve them will be no difEoult duty.
+
+
+DKUTERONOMY XV. XVI. REAY.
+
+
+hast l)<'en a bond-man in the land of Egypt,
+and that tlie Lord thy God hatli redeemed
+thee; therefore do I command thee this thing
+to-day.
+
+IG And it shall be. if he say unto thee. T
+will not go away from thee; because he loveth
+thee and thy house, because he is well with
+thee :
+
+17 Then shalt thou take an awl, ^and
+thrust it through his ear unto the door, and
+he shall be unto thee a servant for ever;* and
+also unto thy maid-servant shalt thou do like-
+wise.
+
+18 It shall not seem hard unto thee, when
+thou sendest him away free from thee, that
+for double the w'ages of a hired labourer hath
+he served thee si.K years; and the Lord thy
+God will bless thee in all that thou doest.*
+
+19 ^ All the first-born males that come of
+thy herds and of thy flocks shalt thou sanctify
+unto the Lord thv God : thou shalt do no
+work with the first-born of thy bullock, and
+not shear the first-bora of thy sheep.
+
+20 Before the Lord thv God shalt thou
+eat it year by year, in the place which the
+Lord will choose, thou with th}- household.
+
+21 And if there be any blemish thereon,
+if it be lame, or blind, or have any (other) ill
+blemish, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto the
+Lord thy God.
+
+22 Within thy gates shalt thou eat it,
+the unclean and the clean together, as the
+roebuck, and as the hart.
+
+2o Only the Ijlood thereof shalt thou not
+eat: upon the ground shalt thou pour it out
+as water.
+
+CHAPTER XVL
+
+1 ^ Observe the month of Abib,'' and pre-
+pare the passover-sacrilice unto the Lord thy
+God; for in the month of Abil) did tlie Lord
+thy God bring thee forth out of Egypt by
+night.
+
+2 And thou shalt sacrifice the [)assover-
+offering unto the Lord thy God of sheep and
+oxen, in the place which the Lord will choose
+to let Ins name dwell there.
+
+3 Thou shalt not eat therewith any leaven-
+ed bread; seven days shalt thou eat there-
+with unleavened bread, the bread of affliction;
+
+* i. e. Till the jubilee, when all seivltuJe terminates.
+' t. e. The ripening of the grain.
+
+
+for in haste didst thou go forth out of the
+land of Egypt ; in order that thou nia} est vv.'
+member the day of thy going tbith out of the
+land of Egypt all the days of th}' life.
+
+4 And there shall not be seen with thee
+any leaven in all tin* borders seven days:
+neither shall there any of the flesli, which
+thou sacrificedst in the evening, on the first
+day, remain all night until tlie morning.
+
+■5 Thou mayest not slay the passover witli-
+in any of thy gates, which the Lord thy God
+giveth thee;
+
+6 But at the place which the Lord thy
+God will choose to let his mime dwell in.
+there shalt thou slay the passover at e\(n-
+ina", a-t the going down of the sun, at the
+season that thou camest forth out of Egypt.
+
+7 And thou shalt roast" and eat it in the
+place which the Lord thy God will choose;
+and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go
+unto thy tents.
+
+8 Six days shalt thou eat unleavened
+bread; and on the seventh day shall be a
+solemn assembly to the Lord thy God ; thou
+shalt do no work.
+
+9 ^ Seven weeks shalt thou nundjer unto
+thyself: from the time thou beginnest to put
+the sickle to the corn, shalt thou begin to
+number seven weeks.
+
+10 And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks
+unto the Lord thy God with a tribute of a
+freewill-offering of thy hand, which thou shalt
+give: according as the Lord tliy God shall
+have blessed thee.
+
+11 And thou shalt rejoice Ijefore the Lord
+thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daugh-
+ter, and thy man-servant, and thy maid-ser-
+vant, and the Levite that is within thy gates,
+and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the
+widow, that are in the midst of thee, in the
+place which the Lord thy God will choose to
+let his name dwell there.
+
+12 And thou shalt rememlter that tliou
+hast been a bond-man in Egypt ; and thou
+shalt observe and do these statutes. '="
+
+13 ^ The feast of tabernacles shalt thou
+hold for thyself seven days, when thou hast
+gathered in the produce of thy threshing-
+floor and of thy wine-press:
+
+14 And thou shalt rejoice on thy feast,
+
+° Heb. "Boil;" but the preparation of the passnver wn;"
+by roa?ting.
+
+231
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XVI. XVII. SHOPHETIM.
+
+
+thuii, and thy son, and tli}' daughter, and thy
+man-servant, and thy maid-servant, and the
+Levite, and the stranger, and the fatherless,
+and the widow, that are within thy gates.
+
+15 Seven days shalt thou Iveep a solemn
+feast unto the Lord thy God in the place
+which the Lokd will choose; because the
+Lord thy God will bless thee in all thy pro-
+duct, and in all the work of thy hands, and
+thou shalt only rejoice.
+
+16 Three times in the year shall every one
+of thy males appeAr before the Lord thy God
+in the place which he will choose: on the
+feast of unleavened bread, and on the feast of
+weeks, and on the feast of tabernacles; and
+no one shall appear before the Lord empty;
+
+17 Every man according to Avhat his hand
+can give, according to the blessing of the Lord
+thy God which he hath given thee.
+
+Ilanhtin-ah in Isaiah liv. 11 to Iv. 5.
+
+
+SECTION XL VIII. SHOPHETIM, D't3£)r.
+
+18 ^ Judges and officers shalt thou appoint
+unto thyself in all thy gates, Avhicli the Lord
+thy (iod giveth thee, throughout thy tribes:
+and they shall judge the people with a just
+judgment.
+
+ill Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou
+shalt not resjject persons, and thou shalt not
+talvo a bribe; for tlie bril)e lilindeth the eyes
+of the wise, and perverteth the words of the
+righteous.
+
+20 Justice, (mly justice shalt thou pursue;
+in order that thou niayest live, and retain
+possession of the land wliich the Lord thy
+God giveth thee.
+
+21 T[ Thou shalt not plant unto thyself a
+grove, any tree, near the altar of the Lord
+thy God, which thou shalt make unto thy-
+self
+
+22 Neither shalt thou set thee up any
+statue," which the Lord thv God hateth.
+
+CHAPTER XVn.
+
+1 % Tliou shalt not sacrifice unto the Lord
+thy God any bullock, or lamb, whereon there
+
+
+•Lit. " Jlonument," or ".standing stone." Single
+stones wore erected by heathens for altars to idols, and
+some idols even were represented by rude unseulptured
+blocks; hence tie prohibition of them, and of all figures
+or statues put up as monuments.
+
+
+is a blemish, any tiling evil; for it is an alio-
+mination unto the Lord thy God.
+
+2 ^ If there be found in the midst of thee,
+within any one of thy gates, which the Lord
+thy God giveth thee, a man or a woman, that
+doth the wickedness in the eyes of the Lord
+thy God, to transgress his covenant,
+
+3 And he hath gone and served other gods,
+anc^ worshipped them, either the sun, or the
+moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I
+have prohibited;
+
+4 And it be told thee, and thou hearest of
+it: then shalt thou inquire diligently; and,
+behold, if it be true, the thing is certain, such
+abomination hath been wrought in Israel :
+
+-3 Then shalt thou bring forth that man or
+that woman, who have committed this wack-
+ed thing, unto thy gates, the man or the
+woman, and thou shalt stone them with
+stones till they die.
+
+6 Upon the evidence'' of two witnesses, or
+of three witnesses, shall he that is worthy of
+deatli be put to death: he shall not l^e put to
+death upon the evidence of one witness.
+
+7 The hand of the witnesses shall be first
+upon him to put him to deatli. and the hand
+of all the people at the last; and thou shalt
+put the evil away from the midst of thee.
+
+8 ^ If a matter be unknown" to thee for
+decision, between blood and blood, Ijetween
+plea and plea, and between bodily injury and
+injury, (or) matters of controversy within thy
+gates: then shalt thou arise, and get thee up
+unto the place which the Lord thy God v,ill
+choose ;
+
+9 iVnd thou shalt come unto the priests,
+the Levites, and unto the judge that may be in
+those days, and thou shalt inquire, and they
+shall inform thee of the sentence of the case ;
+
+10 And thou shalt do according to the sen-
+tence, wdiich they may tell thee from that
+place which the Lord will choose, and tliou
+shalt observe to do according to all tliat they
+may instruct thee;
+
+11 In accordance with the instruction
+which they may instruct thee, and according
+to the decision which they may say unto thee,
+shalt thou do: thou shalt not depart from the
+
+' Heb. "Mouth," or that spoken by the mouth; here,
+"evidence."
+
+" xSiJ' from xSi) "a wonder;" hence "extraordinary,"
+"too difficult," or "unknown." The last word has been
+selected as best comprising all the shades of meaning.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XVII. XVIII. SHOPHETIM.
+
+
+sentence which they may tell thee, to the
+right, or to the left.
+
+12 And the man that will act presump-
+tuously, so as not to hearken unto the priest
+that standeth to minister there before the
+Lord thy God, or unto the judge, even that
+man shall die ; and thou shalt put away the
+evil from Israel.
+
+13 And all the people shall hear, and be
+afraid, and not act presumptuously any more.*
+
+14 ]| When thou art come unto the land
+which the Lord thy God giveth thee, and
+thou hast taken possession of it, and dwellest
+therein, and thou sayest, I wish to set a king
+over me, like all the nations that are round
+about me :
+
+15 Then mayest thou indeed set a king
+over thee, the one whom the Lord thy God
+will choose; (but) from the midst of thy
+brethren shalt thou set a king over thee;
+thou mayest not set over thee a stranger, who
+is not thy brother.
+
+16 Only he shall not acquire for himself
+many horses, so that he may not cause the
+people to return to Egypt,'' in order to acquire
+many horses; whereas the Lord hath said
+unto you. Ye shall henceforth not return on
+that way any more.
+
+17 Neither shall he take to himself many
+wives, that his heart may not turn away; nor
+shall he acquire for himself too much silver
+and gold.
+
+18 And it shall be. when'' he sitteth upon
+the throne of his kingdom, that he shall wiite
+for himself a copy of this law in a book out
+of (that which is) before the priests, the Le-
+vi tes ;
+
+19 And it shall be with him, and he shall
+read therein all the days of his life: in order
+that he may learn to fear the Lord his God,
+to keep all the words of this law and these
+statutes, to do them.
+
+20 So that his heart- be not lifted up above
+his brethren, and so that he turn not aside
+from the commandment, to the right, or to
+
+" Egypt being the country which procluccd the best
+horses.
+
+'' "At the commencement of his reign." — Aben Ezra.
+
+° Tradition fixes a sixtieth portion, and with a posses-
+sion of not less than five sheep.
+
+'' This version of the English Bible is nearly in accord-
+ance with Aben Ezra. Mendelssohn renders, " Besides his
+income of his property at home which he may sell." Arn-
+heim, however, refers this part of the verse back to verse
+
+2E
+
+
+the left: in order that he may live many
+days in his kingdom, he, and his children, in
+the midst of Israel.*
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 T[ The priests, the Levites, and all the
+tribe of Levi, shall have no portion nor in-
+heritance with Israel : the fire-offerings of the
+Lord, and his inheritance shall they consume.
+
+2 But any inheritance shall he not have
+among his brethren: the Lord is his inherit-
+ance, as he hath sjwken unto him.
+
+3 ^ And this shall be the priests' due from
+the people, from them that slay an animal,
+whether it be ox or lamb: then shall each
+one give unto the priest the shoidder, and the
+two cheeks, and the maw.
+
+4 The first-fruit of thy corn, of thy wine,
+and of thy oil, and the first shearing" of thy
+sheep, slialt thou give him.
+
+5 For him the Lord thy God hath chosen
+out of all thy tribes, to stand to minister in
+the name of the Lord, he and his sons all the
+days.*
+
+6 ^ And if the Levite come from any one
+of thy gates out of all Israel, where he so-
+journeth, and come with all the longing of
+his soul inito the jjlace which the Lord will
+choose :
+
+7 Then can he minister in the name of the
+Lord his God, like all his brethren the Le-
+vites, who stand there before the Lord.
+
+8 They shall have like portions to eat, be-
+sides that which cometh of the sale'' of his
+patrimony.
+
+9 ^ When thou comest into the land which
+the Lord thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not
+learn to do after the abominations of those
+nations.
+
+10 There shall not be found among thee
+any one who causeth his son or his daughter
+to pass through the fire, one who useth di\'i-
+nation, one who is an observer of times, or an
+enchanter, or a conjurer,
+
+11 Or a charmer, or a consulter with fa-
+
+1 : — The priests, the Levites, &e., shall have no property,
+"except the assigned portions (see Lev. xxv. -34) which
+shall remain in the family divisions;" taking i^r^-^ in the
+light of "assigned portion," and ni^NH as nnND 'n3
+"family divisions," and understanding rrr before S;'.
+Compare with Num. xxxvi. 12. This construction is in-
+genious, but certainly too improbable, Rashi refers this
+section to the priests, who are also called Levites, as they
+are the only ones entitled to take part in the sacrifices.
+
+233
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XVIII. XIX. SHOPHETIM.
+
+
+miliar spirits, or a wizard, or who iuquireth
+of the dead.
+
+12 For an abomination unto the Lord are
+all that do these things; and on account of
+these abominations the Lord thy God doth
+drive them out from before thee.
+
+13 Perfect shalt thou be with the Lord
+thy God.*
+
+14 For these nations, which thou art about
+to dispossess, hearken unto observers of times,
+and unto diviners; but as for thee, the Lord
+thy God hath not assigned the like unto thee.
+
+15 A prophet from the midst of thee, of
+thy brethren, like unto me, will the Lord thy
+God raise up unto thee; unto him shall ye
+hearken :
+
+16 According to all that thou didst desire
+of the Lord thy God at Horeb on the day of
+the assembly, saying, I wish no more to hear
+the voice of the Lord my God, and this great
+fire I wish not to see again, that I die not.
+
+17 And the Lord said unto me, They have
+done well in wliat they have spoken.
+
+18 A prophet will I raise up unto them
+from among their brethren, like unto thee;
+and I will put my words in his mouth ; and
+he shall speak unto them all that I may com-
+mand him.
+
+19 And it shall come to pass, that if there
+be a man Avho will not hearken unto my
+words which he shall speak in my name, I
+myself will require it of him.
+
+20 But the prophet, who may presume to
+speak a word in my name, which I have not
+commanded liim to speak, or who may speak
+in the name of other gods — even that prophet
+shall die.
+
+21 And if thou shouldst say in thy heart,
+How shall we know the word which the Lord
+hath not spoken ?
+
+22 That which the prophet speaketh in
+the name of the Lord, and the thing do not j
+happen and come not to pass — this is the word j
+which the Lord hath not sjjoken; in pre-!
+sumption hath the prophet spoken it; thou|
+shalt not be afraid of him. I
+
+CHAPTER XIX. j
+
+1 *i\ When the Lord thy God shall havei
+cut off the nations, whose land the Lord thy
+God giveth thee, and thou hast driven them
+out, and dwellest in their cities, and in their
+houses :
+
+■18i
+
+
+2 Then shalt thou set apart three cities for
+thyself, in the midst of thy land, which the
+Lord thy God giveth thee to j^ossess it.
+
+3 Thou shalt pat in order" for thyself the
+(way to them), and divide into three parts the
+territory of thy land, which the Lord thy God
+will give thee to inherit, and it shall serve,
+that every man-slayer may flee tliither.
+
+4 And this is tiae case of the man-slayer,
+who shall flee thither, that he may live:
+Whoso smiteth his neighbour without know-
+ledge, when he hath not been an enemy to
+him in time past;
+
+5 And he that goeth into the forest with
+his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand
+fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down
+the tree, and the iron slippeth from the helve,
+and striketh his neighbour, that he die : this
+one shall flee unto one of these cities, and
+live;
+
+6 That the avenger of the blood pursue not
+the man-slayer, while his heart is hot, and
+overtake him, because the way is long, and
+smite him dead; whereas he deserveth not a
+judgment of death, inasmuch as he was not
+an enemy to him in time past.
+
+7 Therefore do I command thee, saying,
+Three cities shalt thou set apart for tliyself.
+
+8 And if the Lord thy God enlarge thy
+boundary, as he hath sworn unto thy lathers,
+and give thee all the land which he hath
+spoken to give unto thy fathers ;
+
+9 Because tliou dost keep all this com-
+mandment to do it, which I command thee
+this day, to love the Lord thy God, and to
+walk in his ways all the days : then shalt thou
+add for thyself thi'ee cities more, unto these
+three ;
+
+10 That innocent blood be not shed in the
+midst of thy land, which the Lord thy God
+giveth thee for an inheritance, and blood-
+guiltiness be brought upon thee.
+
+11 ][ But if any man be an enemy to his
+neighbour, and he lie in wait for him, and
+rise up against him, and smite him mortally so
+that he die, and he flee unto one of these cities:
+
+12 Then shall the elders of his city send
+and fetch him thence, and they shall deliver
+him into the hand of the avenger of the
+blood, that he may die.
+
+' The road was to be made level, and guide-postg put
+up, so th:it the murderer might not be detained needlessly
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XIX. XX. SOPHETIM
+
+
+13 Thy eye shall not look with pity on
+him; but thou shalt put away the (shedding
+of) innocent blood from Israel, that it may
+go well with thee.'''
+
+14 *[] Thou shalt not remove the landmark
+of thy neighbour, which they of old time have
+set, in thy inheritance which thou shalt in-
+herit, in the land that the Lord thy God giv-
+eth thee to possess it.
+
+15 ^ There shall not rise up one single
+witness against a man for any iniquity, or for
+any sin, in any sin that he sinneth : upon the
+evidence of two witnesses, or upon the evi-
+dence of three witnesses, must a case be es-
+tablished.
+
+16 If a witness of violence rise up against
+any man to testify against him for any
+wrong :
+
+17 Then shall both the men, who have the
+controversy, stand before the Lord, before
+the priests and the judges, who shall be in
+those days;
+
+18 And the judges shall inquire diligently;
+and, behold, if the witness be a folse witness,
+he hath testified a falsehood against his bro-
+ther :
+
+19 Then shall ye do unto him, as he had
+purposed to do unto his brother; and thou
+shalt put away the evil from the midst of
+thee.
+
+20 And those who remain shall liear, and
+be afraid, and shall henceforth commit no
+more any such evil thing in the midst of thee.
+
+21 And thy eye shall have no pity; but
+life (shall go) for life, eye for eye, tooth for
+tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^ When thou goest out to battle against
+thy enemies, and thou seest horse, and chariot,
+people more in number than thou: be not
+afraid of them ; for the Lord thy God is with
+thee, who bi'ought thee up out of tlie land of
+Egypt.
+
+2 And it shall be, when ye come nigh unto
+the battle, that the priest shall approach and
+speak unto the people;
+
+3 And he shall say unto them. Hear, 0
+
+
+' I. e. Inhabiting it for the first time ; the first use of a
+thing is called " consecration." No doubt, however, that
+religious ceremonies were not omitted on such occasions,
+as we owe to it the thirtieth Psalm of David.
+
+'' At the fourth year from the planting.
+
+
+Israel, ye come nigh this day unto the battle
+against your enemies: let not your hearts
+faint, fear not, and be not downcast, and do
+not tremble because of them;
+
+4 For the Lord your. God it is who goeth
+with you, to fight for you against your ene-
+mies, to help you.
+
+5 And the officers shall speak unto the
+people, saying. What man is there who hath
+built a new house, and hatli not dedicated"
+it ? let him go and return unto his house,
+lest he die in the battle, and another man
+dedicate it.
+
+6 And what man is there who hath planted
+a vineyard, and hath not redeemed'' it? let
+him go and return unto his house, lest he die
+in the battle, and another man redeem it.
+
+7 And what man is there that hath be-
+trothed a wife, and hath not taken her? let him
+go and return unto his house, lest he die in
+the battle, and another man take her.
+
+8 And the officers shall speak yet farther
+unto the people, and they shall say. What
+man is there that is fearful and faint-hearted ?
+let him go and return unto his house, that the
+heart of his brethren become not as faint as
+his heart.
+
+9 And it shall be, when the officers have
+made an end of speaking unto the people,
+that they shall appoint captains of the armies
+at the head of the people.*^*
+
+10 ][ When thou comest nigh mi to a city
+to make war against it, then summon it with
+words of peace.
+
+11 And it shall be, if it make thee an an-
+swer of peace, and open (its gates) unto thee :
+then shall it be, that all the people that are
+found therein shall be tril^utaries unto thee,
+and they shall serve thee.
+
+12 But if it will not make peace with thee,
+and wageth war against thee; then shalt thou
+besiege it;
+
+13 And when the Lord thy God hath de-
+livered it into thy hands, thou shalt^ smite
+every male thereof with the edge of the
+sword ;
+
+14 But the women, and the little ones, and
+the cattle, and all that may be in the city, all
+
+
+" Mendelssohn renders this, " Then shall some chiefs
+commence the mustering at the head of the people."
+
+^ It would appear from the general idea, that "shalt"
+is not a command, but a mere permission, yet prohibiting
+the molestation of the women and children.
+
+236
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XX. XXI. KI TETZAY.
+
+
+the spoil thereof, shalt thou take as booty
+unto thyself; and thou shalt enjoy the spoil
+of thy enemies, which the Lord thy God hath
+given thee.
+
+15 Thus shalt th6u do unto all the cities
+which are very far off from thee, which are
+not of the cities of these nations.
+
+16 But of the cities of these people, which
+the Lord thy God doth give thee for an in-
+heritance, shalt thou not let live a single soul.
+
+17 But thou shalt utterly devote them ;
+namely, the Hittites, and the Emorites, the
+Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites,
+and the Jebusites ; as the Lord thy God hath
+commanded thee;
+
+18 In order that they may not teach you
+to do in accordance with all their abomina-
+tions, which they have done unto their gods;
+and ye would thus sin against the Lord your
+God.'
+
+19 ][ When thou besiegest a city a long
+time, to make war against it to capture it,
+thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by
+forcing an axe against them ; for of them thou
+mayest eat, and thou shalt not cut them
+down, (for man liveth of the trees" of the
+field,) to employ them in thy siege ;
+
+20 Only those trees of which thou knowest
+that they are not fruit-trees, thou mayest de-
+stroy and cut down ; and (thus) thou can*;t
+build bulwarks against the city that wageth
+war with thee, until it be subdued.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ If there be found a slain person in the
+land which the Lord thy God giveth thee to
+possess it, lying in the field, (and) it be not
+known wlio hath slain him :
+
+2 Then shall thy elders and thy judges go
+forth, and they shall measure unto the cities
+which are round about the one that is slain.
+
+?i And it sliall be, that the city which is
+the U'-arest unto the slain person, even the
+elders of that city shall take a heifer, which
+hath not been wrought with, which hath not
+drawn in a yoke;
+
+' Onkoloa, Raslii, and Meuilelssnhn render, "Is then the
+tree of tlie field like man, that thou shouldst put it in a
+state of siege'/"' And Hashi adds, " Why wouldst tlio-j
+destiny it'/"' Tint English version has been fidlowed in
+our text, and it agrees with Aben K/,ra, Arnheiin, and the
+pnininentator to Mendelssohn's translation. The last
+clause may m'.d: "tv put (the eity) in siege before thee."
+•J30
+
+
+4 And the elders of that city shall bring
+down the heifer unto a rough*" valley, which
+is neither tilled nor sown, and they shall
+break there the neck of the heifer in the valley ;
+
+5 And the priests the sons of Levi shall
+come near ; for them the Lord thy God hath
+chosen to minister unto him, and to bless in
+the name of the Lord; and after their decision
+shall be done (at) every controversy and
+every injury;
+
+6 And all the elders of that city who are
+nearest unto the .slain person shall wash their
+hands over the heifer, the neck of which is
+broken in the valley.*
+
+7 And they shall commence and say. Our
+hands have not shed this blood, and our eyes
+have not seen it.
+
+8 Grant pardon unto thy people Israel,
+whom thou hast redeemed, O Lord, and lay
+not innocent blood in the midst of thy people
+Israel: and the blood shall Ije forgiven unto
+them.
+
+9 And thou shalt put away the (guilt of)
+the innocent blood" from the midst of thee,
+when thou wilt do what is right in the eyes
+of the Lord.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah li. 12 to Hi. 12.
+
+
+SECTION XLIX. KI TETZAY, NVH O.
+
+10 ^ When thou goest forth to war against
+thy enemies, and the Lord thy God delivereth
+them into thy hands, and thou takest cajatives
+of them ;
+
+11 And thou seest among the captives a
+woman of handsome form, and hast a desire
+unto lier, that thou wouldst take her to thee
+for wife :
+
+12 Then shalt thou bring her home to thy
+house; and she shall shave her head, and let
+grow" her nails;
+
+13 And she shall put off the raiment of
+her captivity from her, and she shall remain
+in thy house, and weep for her father and
+her mother a full month ; and after that thou
+
+"■ Philippson, after Rambam, "rapid stream," which
+does not dry up in the summer, and the bed of which can
+therefore never be ploughed.
+
+" "If the murderer be caught after this and convicted
+heis todie, notwithstanding this ceremony." — KETUBfiTH
+fol. .37.
+
+* Others, "shall out off."
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXI. XXII. KI TETZAY.
+
+
+mayest go in unto her. and be her husband,
+that she may become thy wife.
+
+14 And it shall be, if thou have no delight
+in her, then shalt thou let her go whither she
+will ; but thou shalt nowise sell her for money :
+thou shalt not make a servant of her, because
+thou hast humbled her.
+
+15 ^ If a man have two wives, one beloved,
+and the other hated, and they bear him chil-
+dren, both the beloved and the hated ; so that
+the first-born son lie hers that is hated :
+
+16 Then shall it be, when he divideth as
+inheritance among his sons what he hath,
+that he shall not institute the son of the be-
+loved as the first-born before" the son of the
+hated, the tirst^born;
+
+17 But the first-born, the son of the hated
+woman, shall he acknowledge, to gi^'e him a
+double portion of all that is found in his pos-
+session ; for he is the beginning of his strength ;
+to him belongeth the right of the first birth.
+
+18 ^ If a man have a stubborn and rebel-
+lious son, who hearkeneth not to the voice of
+his father, or the voice of his mother, and
+they chastise him, and he will not hearken
+unto them :
+
+19 Then shall his father and his mother lay
+hold on him, and bring him out unto the eld-
+ers of his city, and unto the gate of his place ;
+
+20 And they shall say unto the elders of
+his city. This our son is stubborn and rebel-
+Uous, he will not hearken to our voice ; he is
+a glutton, and a drunkard.
+
+21 And all the men of his city shall stone
+him with stones, that he die; and thou shalt
+put away the evil from the midst of thee; and
+all Israel shall hear, and be afraid.*
+
+22 Tl And if a man have committed, a sin
+for which there is a punishment of death, and
+he be to be put to death, and thou hang him
+on a tree :
+
+23 Then shall his body not remain all night
+on the tree, but thou shalt surely bury him on
+that day ; (for he that is hanged is a dishonour
+of God;) and thou shalt nut defile thy land,
+which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an
+inheritance.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 \\ Thou shalt not see thy brother's ox oi
+
+
+* "In the lifetime of," &c. — Arnheim.
+' Since such a practice might easily lead to lewdness
+aud thus demoralize the people.
+
+
+his lamb go astray, and withdraw thyself
+i from them : thou shalt surely bring them back
+again unto thy brother.
+
+2 But if thy brother be not nigh unto thee,
+or thou know him not: then shalt thou take
+it unto thy own house, and it shall remain
+with thee until thy brother inquire after it,
+and then shalt thou restore it to him.
+
+3 In like manner shalt thou do with his
+ass; and in like manner shalt thou do with
+his raiment; and in like manner shalt thou
+do with every lost thingof thy brother's, which
+may have been lost to him, and which thou
+hast found : thou art not at liberty to with-
+draw tliyself
+
+4 ^ Thou shalt not see thy brother's ass
+or his ox fallen down by the way, and with-
+draw thyself from them: thou shalt surely
+help him to lift them up again.
+
+5 T[ A woman shall not have upon her the
+apparel of a man, and a man shall not put on
+a woman's garment; for an abomination unto
+the Lord thy God are all who do this.''
+
+6 ][ If a bird's nest chance to be before
+thee in the way, on any tree, or on tlie
+ground, wath young ones, or with eggs, and
+the mother be sitting upon the young, or upon
+the eggs : thou shalt not take the mother with
+the young;
+
+7 But thou shalt surely let the mother go,
+and the young thou mayest take to thyself;
+in order that it may be well with thee, and
+that thou mayest live many days.*
+
+8 ^ When thou bulkiest a new house, thou
+shalt make a battlement for thy roof; that
+thou liring not blood upon thy house, if any
+one were to fall from there."
+
+9 Thou shalt not sow thy vinej-ard with
+divers seeds; that the ripe fruit of thy seed
+which thou hast sown, and the fruit of the
+vineyard, be not defiled.
+
+10 ^ Thou shalt not plough with an ox
+and an ass together.
+
+11 Thou shalt not wear a garment of
+divers sorts, of woollen and linen together.
+
+12 Tl Thou shalt make thyself fringes upon
+the four corners of th}' vesture, wherewith
+thou coverest thyself.
+
+13 ]| If any man take a w^ife, and go in
+unto her, and hate her.
+
+
+° We are here prohibited from being the cause througb
+want of foresight, or culpable neglect, that any injury
+whatever should happen to our fellow-meu.
+
+287
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXII. XXIII. KI TETZAY.
+
+
+14 And he lay an accusation against her,
+and spread abroad an evil name upon her,
+and say, This woman I took (for wife), and
+when I came near to her, I found no tokens
+of virginity in her :
+
+15 Then shall the father of the damsel,
+and her mother, take and bring forth the
+tokens of the damsel's virginity unto the
+elders of tlie city, to the gate.
+
+16 And the father of the damsel shall say
+unto the elders, My daughter I gave unto
+this man for wife; but he hath conceived
+hatred toward her;
+
+17 And, lo, he hath laid an accusation
+(against her), saying, I have found no tokens
+of virginity in thy daughter; and yet these
+are the tokens of my daughter's virginity:
+and they shall spread the cloth before the
+elders of the city.
+
+18 And the elders of that city shall take
+that man and chastise him;
+
+19 And they shall amerce him in a hun-
+dred shekels of silver, and give them unto the
+father of the damsel ; because he hath spread
+abroad an evil name upon a virgin of Israel:
+and she shall remain his wife; he shall not
+be at liberty to put her away all his days.
+
+20 ][ But if this thing was true, there have
+not been found tokens of virginity in the
+damsel :
+
+21 Then shall they lead out the damsel to
+the door of her fother's house," and the men
+of her city shall stone her with stones that
+she die ; because she hath wrought a disgrace-
+ful deed in Israel, to commit incest in her
+father's house; and thou shalt put away the
+evil from tlie midst of thee.
+
+22 Tl If a man be found lyhig with a wo-
+man married to a husband: then shall both
+of them die, the man that lieth with the wo-
+man, and the woman; and thou shalt put
+away the evil from Israel.
+
+23 ^ If a damsel that is a virgin be be-
+trothed unto a man, and a man find her in
+the city, and lie with her:
+
+24 Then shall ye lead them both out unto
+the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them
+with stones that they die; the damsel, because
+she cried not (for aid) in the city; and the
+
+
+' The housft wliicli she luia disgraced by her lewdness
+shall be the scene (if her punishmeut; so as to strike ad-
+ditional terror in others, that the sanctity of the people of
+(jrod miglif, be preserved inviolate.
+238
+
+
+man, because he hath done violence to his
+neighbour's wife; and thou shalt put away the
+evil from the midst of thee.
+
+25 T[ But if in the field the man should
+find the betrothed damsel, and the man take
+hold of her by force, and lie with her : then
+shall the man that lay with her die alone;
+
+26 But unto the damsel shalt thou not do
+any thing; there is in the damsel no sin
+worthy of death; for as when a man riseth
+against his neighbour, and striketh him dead,
+even so is this matter;
+
+27 For in the field did he find her; had
+the betrothed damsel even cried,"* there would
+have been none to aid her.
+
+28 T[ If a man find a damsel that is a vir-
+gin, who is not betrothed, and lay fast hold
+on her, and he with her, and they be found :
+
+29 Then shall the man who lieth with her
+give unto the father of the damsel fifty
+shekels of silver; and she shall become his
+wife, because he hath done violence to her,
+he shall not be at liberty to put her away all
+his days.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1° ^ A man shall not take his father's wife,
+and he shall not uncover his father's skirt.
+
+2 ^ He that is wounded in the testicles, or
+hath his privy member cut, shall not enter
+into the congregation of the Lord.
+
+3 ^ One born from prohibited connections
+shall not enter into the congregation of the
+Lord; even the tenth generation of him shall
+not enter into the congregation of the Lord.
+
+4 ^ An 'Ammonite and a Moabite shall
+not enter into the congregation of the Lord;
+even the tenth generation of them shall not
+enter into the congregation of the Lord, for
+ever ;
+
+5 For the reason, that they met you not
+with bread and with water on the way, when
+ye came forth out of Egypt; and because he''
+hired against thee Bil'am the son of Beor of
+Pethor in Mesopotamia, to curse thee;
+
+6 But the Lord thy God would not hearken
+unto BiFam ; and the Lord thy God changed
+unto thee the curse into a blessing, because
+the Lord thy God loved thee.
+
+*■ Others : " The betrothed damsel did cry out, but thei'fi
+was none to aid her."
+
+° Tlie English version commences chap, sxiii. at verse 2
+■» The king of Moiib.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXIII. XXIV. KI TETZAY.
+
+
+7 Thou phalt not seek their peace and'
+their welfare all thy clays, for ever.*
+
+8 T[ Thou shalt not abhor" an Edomite ;
+for he is thy brother : thou shalt not abhor
+an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger
+iu his land.
+
+9 The children that are born unto them in
+the third generation, may enter of them
+into the congregation of the Lord.
+
+10 Tl When thou goest forth into camp
+against thy enemies, then keep thyself from
+every evil thing.
+
+11 If there be among thee any man, that
+is not clean by reason of an occurrence by
+night ; then shall he go abroad to without the
+camp, he shall not come within the camp;
+
+12 But it shall be, that toward evening
+he shall bathe himself in water; and when
+the sun goeth down, he may come into the
+midst of the camp.
+
+13 And a place shalt thou have without
+the camp, whither thou shalt go forth abroad :
+
+14 And a spade shalt thou have with thy
+weapons; and it shall be, when thou sittest
+abroad, that thou shalt digtherewith. andslialt
+afterward cover that which cometh from thee;
+
+15 For the Lord thy God walketh in the
+midst of thy camp, to deliver thee and to
+give up thy enemies before thee ; therefore
+shall thy camp be holy ; that he see no un-
+seemly thing in thee, and turn away from
+thee.
+
+16 ^ Thou shalt not deliver unto his mas-
+ter the servant Avho may escape unto thee
+from his master;
+
+17 With thee shall he dwell, in the midst
+of thee, in the place which he may choose in
+any one of thy gates, where it seemeth best
+to him: thou shalt not oppress him.
+
+18 ^ There shall not be a prostitute of the
+daughters of Israel, and there shall not be a
+sodomite of the sons of Israel.
+
+19 Thou shalt not bring the hire of a har-
+lot, or the price of a dog, into the house of
+the Lord thy God for any vow; for both of
+these are equally an abomination unto the
+Lord thy God.
+
+
+That is, we are not to refuse admission to the tliird
+generation of the Edomite and Egyptian proselyte from
+lutermarrying with descendants of Israel; as a probation
+ot this length of time shall qualify them for a commixing
+with the chosen people.
+
+
+20 T[ Thou shalt not take interest from
+thy brother, interest of money, interest of
+victuals, interest of any thing that is lent upon
+interest :
+
+21 From an alien thou mayest take inte-
+rest; but from thy brother thou shalt not take
+interest; in order that the Lord thy God may
+bless thee in all tlie acquisition of thy hand,
+in the land whither thou goest to possess it.
+
+22 ^ When thou makest a vow unto the
+Lord thy God, thou shalt not delay to pay it;
+for the Lord thy God will surely require it of
+thee; and it would be sin in thee.
+
+23 But if thou forbear to vow, it shall be
+no sin in thee. •
+
+21 What is gone out of thy lips shalt thou
+keep and perform, as thou hast vowed unto
+the L(tRD thy God voluntarily, as thou hast
+spoken with thy mouth.*
+
+25 ^ When thou comest into thy neigh-
+bours vineyai'd, thou mayest eat grapes at
+thy own pleasure, till thou have enough; but
+into thy vessel shalt thou not put any.
+
+26 ^ When thou comest into the standing
+corn of thy neighbour, thou mayest pluck
+ears with thy hand; but a sickle shalt thou
+not move over thy neighbours standing corn.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ When a man hath taken a wife, and
+married her, and it come to pass, that if she
+find no favour in his eyes, because he hath
+found some scandalous thing in her, he may
+write her a Ijill of divorcement, and give it in
+her hand, and sent her away out of his house ;
+
+2 And she shall depart out of his house ;
+and if she go and become another man's wife;
+
+3 And the latter husband hate her. and
+write her a bill of divoi'cement, and give it iu
+her hand, and send her away out of his lunise;
+or if the latter husband, who took her as his
+wife, should die i*"
+
+4 Then shall her former husband, who had
+sent her away, not be at liberty to take her
+again to be his wife, after she hath been de-
+filed; for it is abomination before the Lord;
+and thou shalt not bring sin upon the land.
+
+
+The connection of this passage has been given after li shall," &c
+
+
+Arnheim. Blendelssohn, however, who here terminates
+the first portion of the sentence, makes the whole from
+verse 1 a continued condition, thus: "And he write
+a bill — give it — and if she depart — and go and be-
+come— and the latter husband hate her, &c. : then
+
+
+239
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXIV. XXV. KI TETZAY.
+
+
+which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an
+inheritance.*
+
+5 % When a man hath taken a new wife, he
+shall not go out to war, neither shall lie be
+charged with any public business : he shall be
+free for his house one year, and shall cheer
+up his wife whom he hath taken.
+
+6 No man shall take to ])k'dge the nether
+or the upper mill-stone ; for lie taketli a man's
+life to i^ledge.
+
+7 Tf If a man be found stealing any one of
+his brethren of the children of Israel, and he
+treateth' him as a slave, and selleth liini : then
+shall that thief die ; and thou shalt put the
+evil away from the midst of- thee.
+
+8 ^ Take heed in the plague of leprosy, to
+observe diligently, and to do according to all
+that the priests, the Levites, may instruct
+you;" as I have commanded them, so shall ye
+observe to do.
+
+9 Remember what the Lord thy God did
+untt) Miriam on the journey, at your coming
+forth out of Egypt.
+
+10 T[ When thou dost lend thy brother any
+thing as a loan, thou shalt not go into his
+house to take his pledge.
+
+11 In the street shalt thou stand, and the
+man to whom thou dost lend shall bring out
+unto thee the pledge into the street.
+
+12 And if he be a poor man, thou shalt not
+lie down with his pledge :
+
+13 Thou shalt punctually deliver him the
+pledge again when the sun goeth down, that
+he may lie under his own cover,'' and bless
+thee ; and unto thee shall it be as righteous-
+ness before the Lord thy God.*
+
+14 ][ Thou shalt not withhold the wages of
+a hired man, of the poor and needy, (whether
+he be) of thy brethren, or of thy strangers''
+that are in thy land within thy gfites :
+
+15 On the same day shalt thou give him
+his wages, that the sun may not go down
+upon it ; for he is poor, and his soul longeth"'
+for it; so that he may not cry against thee
+unto the Lord, and it be sin in thee.'
+
+IG ^[ Fathers shall not be put to death for
+the children, neither shall children be put
+
+
+* " He is not guilty of death, unless he have made him
+labour as a slave." — Kasih.
+
+■■ " If he be uven a king as 'Uzziah, (hey must nut
+honour him; hut he must bo locked up outside the camp,
+;ind dwell solitarily, .as the priests may instruct." — After
+Rash BAM.
+240
+
+
+to death for the fathers : for his own sin shall
+every man be put to death.
+
+17 *[[ Thou shalt not pervert the cause of
+the stranger, or of the fatherless; and thou
+shalt not take in pledge the raiment of a
+Avidow ;
+
+18 But thou shalt remember that thou
+wast a bond-man in Egypt, and that the Lord
+thy God redeemed thee thence; therefore do
+I command thee to do this tiling.
+
+19 ^ When thou cuttest down thy harvest
+in thy field, and forgettest a sheaf in the field,
+thou shalt not go back to fetch it; for the
+stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow
+shall it be; in order that the Lord thy God
+may bless thee in all the work of thy hands.
+
+20 ]| When thou beatest thy olive-tree,
+thou shalt not go over the boughs again ; for
+the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the
+Avidow shall it be.
+
+21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy
+vineyard, thou shalt not glean the small fruit
+afterward ; for the stranger, lor the fatherless,
+and for the wddow shall it be.
+
+22 And thou shalt remember that thou
+wast a bond-man in the land of Egypt; there-
+fore do I command thee to do this thing.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ^ If there be a controversy between
+men, and they come nigh unto a court of jus-
+tice, and they judge them; and they justify
+the righteous, and condemn the wicked :
+
+2 Then shall it be, if the guilty man de-
+serve to be lieaten, that the judge shall cause
+him to lie down, and to be beaten before his
+face, according to the degree of his fault, by a
+(certain) number.
+
+3 Forty stripes may he give him, not
+more ; so that he shall not exceed to have him
+beaten above these, with too many stripes,
+and thy brother be thus rendered vile before
+thy eyes.
+
+4 Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he
+thresheth out the corn.
+
+5 T[ If brothers dwell together, and one of
+them die, and have no child : then shall the
+
+
+° Heb. "In his raiment."
+
+" Lit. " Stranger."
+
+" Heb. " And to it he beareth his soul."
+
+' Those who are the weakest are the special favourites
+of God, and we are therefore the more bound to regard
+their wants
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXV. XXVI. KI TAHBO.
+
+
+w'lk of the dead not be married abroad, unto
+a stranger; her husband's brother shall go in
+unto her, and take her to himself for wife,
+and perform the duty of a husband's brother
+unto her.
+
+6 And it shall be, that the first-born whom
+she may bear shall succeed in the name of his
+brother who is dead ; so that his name be not
+blotted out of Israel.
+
+7 And if the man have no desire to take
+his sister-in-law : then shall his sister-in-law go
+up to the gate unto the elders, and say, My
+husband's brother refuseth to raise up unto
+his brother a name in Israel, he will not
+perform on me the duty of a husband's bro-
+ther.
+
+8 Then shall the eldei's of his city call him,
+and speak unto him; and if he persist,* and
+say, I have no desire to take her :
+
+9 Then shall his sister-in-;law come nigh
+unto him in the presence of the elders, and
+pull his shoe from off his foot, and spit out
+before him, and shall commence and say.
+Thus shall be done unto that man that will
+not build up his brother's house.
+
+10 And liis name shall be called in Israel,
+The house of the barefooted.''
+
+11 ]| When men strive together one with
+the other, and the wife of the one draweth
+Ucor to deliver her husband out of the hand
+of him that smiteth him, and putteth forth
+bt:r hand, and taketh him by the secrets :
+
+12 Then shalt thou cut off her hand," thy
+eye shall not have pity.
+
+13 ]y Thou shalt not have in thy bag divers
+weights, a great and a small.
+
+14 Thou shalt nof have m thy house
+divers measures, a great and a small.
+
+lo A perfect and just weight shalt thou
+have, a pei'fect and just measure shalt thou
+have ; in order that thy days may be })rolonged
+in the land which the Lord thy God giveth
+thee;
+
+16 For an abomination of the Lord thy
+God is every one that doth such things, every
+me that acteth unrighteously.'''
+
+17 Tl Remember what 'Amalek did unto
+
+' Heb. " And he standeth," i. e. fixed in his mind.
+
+'' Ileb. "Of the one whose shoe was pulled off."
+
+" This is explained, that she is to pay the damages
+for the insult offered : " Thy eye," &c., even if she be
+uoor.
+
+' Another injunction against overreaching; not even to
+2F
+
+
+thee, by the way, at your coming forth out of
+
+Egypt;
+
+18 How he met thee by the way, and
+smote the hindmost of thee, all that were
+feeble behind thee, when thou was faint and
+weary; and he feared not God.
+
+19 And it shall come to pass, when the
+Lord thy God giveth thee rest from all thy
+enemies round about, iia the land which the
+Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance
+to possess it, that thou shalt blot out the re-
+membrance of 'Amalek from under the hea-
+vens: thou shalt not forget.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah liv. 1 to 10.
+
+
+SECTION L. KI TAHBO, N3n O.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 T[ And it shall come to pass, when thou
+art come in unto the land which the Lord
+thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and
+thou hast taken possesf^ion of it, and dwellest
+therein :
+
+2 That thou shalt take of the first of all the
+fruit of the soil, which thou shalt bring in
+from thy land which the Lord thy God giveth
+thee, and shalt put it in a basket; and thou
+shalt go unto the place which the Lord
+thy God will choose to let his name dwell
+there.
+
+3 And thou shalt come unto the priest
+that may be in those days, and thou shalt say
+unto him, I give thanks this day unto the
+Lord thy God, that I am come into the land
+which the Lord swore unto our fathers to give
+to us.
+
+4 And the priest shall take the basket out
+of thy hand, and set it down before the altar
+of the Lord thy God.
+
+5 And thou shalt commence and say before
+the Lord thy God, A Syrian, wandering"
+about, was my father, and he went down into
+Egypt, and sojourned there with a fannly few
+in number, and he became there a nation,
+great, mighty, and numerous.
+
+keep any article in the house which might by chance be
+unlawfully employed, can be allowed.
+
+° I. e. Abraham or Jacob, both of whom were residents
+of Syria, and moving from place to place with their cattle;
+but Onkelos and Rashi give : " A Syrian (Laban) wished
+to destroy my father (Jacob)."
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXVI. XXVII. KI TAHBO.
+
+
+6 And the Egyptians treated us ill, and
+afflicted us, and laid upon us hard labour;
+
+7 And then we cried unto the Eternal,
+the God of our fathers ; and the Lord heard
+our voice, and looked on our affliction, and
+our trouble, and our oppression ;
+
+8 And the Lord l^rought us forth out of
+Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an out-
+stretched arm, and with great terror, and with
+signs, and with wonders ;
+
+9 And he brought us unto this place, and
+gave unto us this land, a land flowing with
+milk ^nnd honey.
+
+10 And now, behold, I have brought the
+first of the fruits of the soil, which thou hast
+giveu me, 0 Lord; and thou shalt set it down
+be,\n-e the Lord thy God, and prostrate thy-
+self before the Lord thy God;
+
+11 And thou shalt rejoice with every good
+thing which the Lord thy God hath given
+unto thee, and unto thy liouse, thou, with the
+Levite, and the stranger that is in the midst
+of thee.*
+
+12 ^ When thou hast made an end of
+giving away all the tithe of thy produce in
+the third year, the year of the tithing," and
+hast given it unto the Levite, to the stranger,
+to the fatherless, and to the widow, and'' they
+have eaten it within thy gates, and are satis-
+fied:
+
+13- Then shalt thou say before the Lord
+thy God, I have removed away the hallowed
+things out of the house, and I have also given
+tSieiu unto tlie Levite, and unto the stranger,
+to tlie fatherless, and to the widow, according
+to all thy commandment which thou hast
+commanded me ; I have not deviated from thy
+commandments, and I have not forgotten ;
+
+14 I have not eaten thereof in my mourn-
+ing, neither have I removed away aught
+thereof in an unclean state, nor have I given
+aught thereof for the dead ; I have hearkened
+to the voice of the Lord my God, I have done
+all, just as thou hast commanded me.
+
+" In the firet two years a tithe was set aside to be eaten
+at .Jerusalem ; iu the third it was given to the poor.
+
+'' "That they may eat," &c. — Arniieim and English
+version.
+
+" "II'DSni niONn " There is no phrase in Scripture by
+which the correct meaning of tliese words could be ascer-
+tained; but to mc it app('»ts that they convey the idea of
+separation and setting aside; thou hast separated him from
+f'or(Mgn gods to be to thee as God, and he has separated
+thee from the nations of the earth to be to him as a pecu-
+242
+
+
+15 Look down from the habitation of thy
+holiness, from the heavens, and bless thy jjeo-
+ple Israel, and the soil which thou hast given
+unto us, as thou hast sworn unto our fathers,
+a land flowing with milk and honey.'^'
+
+16 T[ This day the Lord thy God com-
+mandeth thee to do these statutes and ordi-
+nances ; and thou shalt keep and do them with
+all thy heart, and with all thy soul.
+
+17 Thou hast this day acknowledged'' the
+Lord, that he is thy God, and that thou wilt
+walk in his ways, and keep his statutes, and
+his commandments, and his ordinances, and
+hearken unto his voice;
+
+18 And the Lord hath acknowledged thee
+this day, that thou art unto him a peculiar
+people, as he hath spoken unto thee, and that
+thou shouldst keep all his commaudments;
+
+19 So that he may set thee highest above
+all nations that he hath made, in praise, and
+in name, and in honour; and that thou may-
+est be a holy people unto the Lord thy God,
+as he hath spoken.*
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^ And Moses with the elders of Israel com-
+manded the people, saying, Keep the whole
+commandment which I command you his day.
+
+2 And it shall be on the day when ye pass
+over the Jordan unto the land which the Lord
+thy God giveth thee, that thou shalt set up for
+thj-self great stones, and cover them with
+plaster ;
+
+3 And thou shalt write upon them all the
+words of this law, so soon as thou art passed
+over; in order that thou mayest go in unto
+the land which the Lord thy God giveth
+thee, a land flowing with milk and honey; as
+the Lord, the God of thy fathers, hath spoken
+unto thee.
+
+4 And it shall be so soon as ye are gone over
+the Jordan, that ye shall set up these stones,
+which I command you this day, on mount
+'Ebal; and thou shalt cover them with plaster.
+
+
+liar people." — Rashi. Arnheim simply gives them with
+"declared openly," " undisguisedly," "acknowledged," as
+in the text. Mendelssohn translates with "given occa-
+sion;" thus, "Thou hast given this day occasion unto the
+LoKD (to make a covenant with thee) to be unto thee a
+God," &c. Philippson after Aben Ezra, Rashbam, &c.,
+simply, " Thou lettcst it be told unto the Lord," and
+" The Lord letteth it be told unto thee," as the causative
+from "TON "to say," or "cause something to be told, said,
+or answered." But the sense in each case is the same.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXVII. XXVIII. KI TAHBO.
+
+
+5 And thou shalt build there an altar unto
+the Lord thy God, an altar of stones: thou
+shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them.
+
+6 Of whole stones shalt thou build the altar
+of the Lord thy God; and thou shalt offer
+thereupon burnt-offerings unto the Lord thy
+God;
+
+7 And thou shalt slay peace-offerings, and
+eat (them) there; and thou shalt rejoice be-
+fore the Lord thy God.
+
+8 And thou shalt write upon the stones all
+the words of this law, very plainly.
+
+• 9 T[ And Moses with the priests, the Le-
+\ites, spoke unto all Israel, saying. Be atten-
+tive, and hearken, 0 Israel ! this day art thou
+become a people unto the Lord thy God.
+
+10 Thou shalt therefore hearken to the
+voice of the Lord thy God, and do his com-
+mandments and his statutes, which I com-
+mand thee this day.*
+
+11 Tl And Moses commanded the people
+on the same day, saying,
+
+12 These shall stand upon mount Gerizzim
+to bless* the people, when ye are come over
+the Jordan: Simeon, and Levi, and Judah,
+and Issachar, and Joseph, and Benjamin.
+
+13 And these shall stand for tlie sake of
+the curse upon mount 'Ebal : Reuben, Gad,
+and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.
+
+14 And the Levites shall commence, and
+say unto all the men of Israel with a loud
+voice,
+
+15 ^ Cursed be the man who maketh a
+graven or molten image, the abomination of
+the Lord, the work of the hands of the crafts-
+man, and putteth it in a secret place ; and all
+the people shall answer, and say. Amen.
+
+16 ^ Cursed be he that holdeth in light
+esteem his father or his mother ; and all the
+people shall say, Amen.
+
+17 ][ Cursed be he that removeth the land-
+mark of his neighbour; and all the people
+shall say. Amen.
+
+18 Tl Cursed be he that causeth the blind
+to wander out of the way ; and all the people
+a. all say, Amen.
+
+19 ]j Cursed be he that perverteth the
+
+' Six tribes went up to the top of mount Gerizzim, and
+six to that of mount 'Ebal, while the priests, with the
+Levites and the ark wore in the middle of the valley be-
+low ; tha Levites thereupon turned their faces toward
+Gerizzim, and commenced with the blessing: "Blessed
+be t'oc map. who doth not make a graven image," &c. ;
+
+
+cause of the stranger, of the fatherless, and
+of ^he widow; and all the people shall say,
+Amen.
+
+20 Cursed be he that lieth with his father's
+wife; because he uncovereth his Other's skirt;
+and all the people shall say, Amen.
+
+21 ][ Cursed be he that lieth with any man-
+ner of beas-t; and all the j^eople shall say,
+Amen.
+
+22 ^ Cursed be he that lieth with his si.'*-
+ter, the daughter of his father, or the daugh-
+ter of his mother, and all the people shall say,
+Amen.
+
+23 T[ Cursed be he that lieth with his
+mother-in-law; and all the people shall say,
+Amen.
+
+24 ^ Cursed be he that smiteth his neigh-
+bour secretly; and all the people shall say,
+Amen.
+
+25 ^ Cursed be he that taketh a bribe to
+slay a person, an innocent blood ; and all the
+people shall say, Amen.
+
+2(3 ^ Cursed be he that executeth not the
+words of this law to do them; and all the
+people shall say, Amen.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 ^ And it shall come to pass, if thou wilt
+hearken diligently unto the voice of the Lord
+thy God, to observe to do all his command-
+ments which I command thee this day, that
+th'e Lord thy God will set thee highest above
+all nations of the earth;
+
+2 And all these blessings shall conie upon
+thee, and overtake thee; because thou wilt
+hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God.
+
+3 Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and
+blessed shalt thou be in the field.
+
+4 Blessed shall be the fruit of thy l^ody,
+and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of
+thy cattle, the increase of thy cattle, and the
+3'oung of thy flocks.
+
+5 Blessed shall be thy basket and thy
+kneading-trough.
+
+6 Blessed shalt thou be at thy coming in,
+and blessed shalt thou be at thy going'' out.*
+
+7 The Lord will cause thy enemies that
+
+when both parties answered, " Amen." They then turned
+their faces toward mount 'Ebal, and commenced with the
+curse : " Cursed be the man," &c., and so till the last,
+" that observeth not." — Mishna Sotah, vii. § 5.
+
+" Rashi explains, "Trat thy going out from this world
+shall be like thy entrance therein, without sin."
+
+•J43
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXVIII. KI TAHBO.
+
+
+rise up against thee to be smitten before thy
+face : on one way sliall they come out against
+thee, and on seven ways" shall they flee be-
+fore thee.
+
+8 The Lord will command upon thee the
+ble.s.sing in tliy storehouses, and in all the
+acquisitions of i\\y hand ; and he will bless
+thee in the land which the Lord thy God
+giveth thee.
+
+9 The Lord will raise thee up unto him-
+self as a holy people, as he hath sworn unto
+thee; if thou wilt keep the commandments
+of the Lord thy God, and walk in his ways.
+
+10 And all the nations of the earth shall
+see, that thou art called by the name of the
+Lord; and they shall be afraid of thee.
+
+11 And the Lord will make thee pre-
+eminent for good, in the fruit of thy body,
+and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the
+fruit of thy ground, in the land which the
+Lord swore unto thy fathers to give unto thee.
+
+12 The Lord will open unto thee his good
+treasure, the heaven, to give the rain of thy
+land in its season, and to bless all the work
+of thy hand ; and thou shalt lend unto many
+nations, l)ut thou shalt not borrow.
+
+13 And the Lord will constitute thee the
+head, and not the tail; and thou shalt only
+be uppermost, and thou shalt not be beneath;
+if thou wilt hearken unto the commandments
+of the Lord thy God, which I command thee
+this day to observe and to do;
+
+14 And thou wilt not go aside from all the
+words which I command thee this day, to the
+right, or to the left, to go after strange gods,
+to serve them.
+
+15 T[ But it shall come to pass, if thou
+wilt not hearken unto the voice of the Lord
+thy God, to observe to do all his command-
+ments and his statutes which I command
+thee this day: that all these curses shall
+come upon thee, and overtake thee.
+
+16 Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and
+cursed shalt thou be in the field.
+
+17 Cursed shall be thy basket and thy
+kneading-trough.
+
+18 Cin-sed shall be the fruit of thy body,
+and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy
+cattle, and the young of the flocks.
+
+
+* "Tliis is the course of those who flee hastily, that
+they scatter themselves on all sides." — Rashi.
+
+' Mendelssohn considers these three as diseases of the
+hnman system: "unnatural dryuess, wasting, and jaun-
+244
+
+
+19 Cursed shalt thou be at thy coming in,
+and cursed shalt thou be at thy going out.
+
+20 The Lord will send out against thee
+misfortune, confusion, and failure, in all the
+occupation of thy hand which thou mayest
+engage in ; until thou be destroyed, and initil
+thou perish quickly ; because of the wicked-
+ness of thy doings, that thou hast forsaken
+me.
+
+21 The Lord will cause the pestilence to
+cleave unto thee, until it have consimied thee
+from ofl' the land, whither thou goest to pos-
+sess it.
+
+22 The Lord Avill smite thee with vol,-
+sumption, and with fever, and with inflg-.d-
+mation, and with extreme burning, and with
+drought,'' and with blasting, and with mil-
+dew; and they shall pursue thee until thou
+be lost.
+
+23 And thy heavens that are over thy
+head shall be copper, and the earth that is
+under thee shall be iron.
+
+24 The Lord will give as the rain of thy
+land powder and dust: from heaven shall
+it come down upon thee, until thou be de-
+stroyed.
+
+25 The Lord will cause thee to be smitten
+before thy enemies : on one way shalt thou
+go out against them, and on seven ways
+shalt thou flee before them; and thou shalt
+become a horror" unto all the kingdoms of
+the earth.
+
+26 And thy carcass shall become food unto
+all the fowls of the heavens, and unto the
+beasts of the earth, but with no one to scare
+them away.
+
+27 The Lord will smite thee with the in-
+flammatory disease of Egypt, and with the
+hemorrhoids, and with the scab, and with the
+itch, whereof thou shalt not be able to be
+healed.
+
+28 The Lord will smite thee with ma-f-
+ness, and witli blindness, and with confusion
+of heart ;
+
+29 And thou shalt grope about at noonday,
+as the blind gropeth about in the darkner*,
+and thou shalt not prosper in thy ways ; i.nd
+thou shalt be only oppressed and robbed all
+the days, but with no one to help.*
+
+
+dice;" others, however, view them as diseases in den'aJ
+to the products of the earth.
+
+" "An object of ill-treatment." — Philippson.
+
+* This pretigurates the helplessness of Israel in exile
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXVIII. KI TAHBO.
+
+
+30 A wife wilt thou betroth, and another
+man shall lie with her; a house wilt thou
+build, and thou shalt not dwell therein; a
+vineyard wilt thou plant, and thou shalt not
+redeem it.
+
+31 Thy ox shall be slain before th}- eyes,
+and thou shalt not eat thereof; thy ass shall
+be violently taken away from before thy face,
+and shall not be brouglit back to thee; thy
+sheep shall be given unto thy enemies, with-
+out any one to help thee.
+
+32 Thv sons and thy daughters shall be
+given unto another people, and thy eyes shall
+look on, and fail with longing for them all
+the day long; but without any power in thy
+hand.
+
+33 The fruit of thy .soil, and all thy exer-
+tion, shall a nation which thou knowest not
+eat up ; and thou shalt only be oppressed and
+crushed all the days.
+
+34 And thou shalt become mad from the
+sight of thy eyes which thou wilt see.
+
+35 The Lord will smite thee with a sore
+inflammation upon the knees, and upon the
+legs, of which thou shalt not be able to be
+healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the top
+of thy head.
+
+36 The Lord will drive thee, and thy king
+whom thou wilt set over thee, unto a nation
+which neither thou nor thy fathers have
+known; and thou wilt serve there strange
+gods, of wood and stone.
+
+37 And thou shalt become an astonish-
+ment, a proverb, and a by-word, among all
+the nations whither the Lord will lead thee.
+
+38 Much seed wilt thou carry out into the
+field, yet but little shalt thou gather in; for
+the locust shall consume it.
+
+39 Vineyards wilt thou plant and dress;
+but wine shalt thou not drink nor lay up ; for
+the worms shall eat them.
+
+40 Olive-trees wilt thou have throughout
+all thy borders; but with the oil shalt thou
+not anoint thyself; for thy olive shall cast
+the fruit.
+
+41 Sons and daughters wilt thou beget;
+but they shall not remain thine; for they
+shall go into captivity.
+
+42 All thy trees and the fruit of thy land
+shall the cricket strip bare.
+
+43 The stranger that is in the midst of thee
+shall get up above thee higher and higher;
+but thou shalt come down lower and lower;
+
+
+44 He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt
+not lend to him; he shall become the head,
+and thou shalt become the tail.
+
+45 And there shall come upon thee all
+these curses, and they shall pursue thee, and
+overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because
+thou didst not hearken unto the voice of the
+Lord thy God, to keep his commandments
+and his statutes which he hath commanded
+thee;
+
+46 And they shall remain on thee for a
+sign and for a token, and on thy seed, for
+ever.
+
+47 For the reason that thou didst not
+serve the Lord thy God with joyfulness, and
+with gladness of heart, while there was an
+abundance of all things;
+
+48 Therefore shalt thou serve thy enemies
+whom the Lord will send out against thee; in
+hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and
+in want of every thing; and they will put a
+yoke of iron upon thy neck, until they have
+destroyed thee.
+
+49 The Lord will bring up against thee a
+nation from afar, frona the end of the earth,
+as the eagle rusheth down; a nation whose
+tongue thou wilt not understand ;
+
+50 A nation of a fierce" countenance, that
+will not have respect for the old^ nor show
+favour to the youn'g;
+
+51 And it will eat the fruit of thy cattle,
+and the fruit of thv .soil, until thou be de-
+stroyed ; so that it will not leave unto thee
+corn, wine, or oil. the increase of thy cattle, or
+the 3'oung of thy Hocks, until it have ruined
+thee.
+
+52 And it will besiege thee in all thy gates,
+until thy high and strong walls come down,
+wherein thou trustest, throughout all thy
+land; and it Avill besiege thee in all thy
+gates throughout all thy land, which the
+Lord thy God hath given thee.
+
+53 And thou shalt eat the fruit of thy
+own body, the ilesh of thy sons and of thy
+daughters, whom the Lord thy God hath
+given thee, in the siege, and in the strait-
+ness, whei-eAvith thy enemy will distress
+thee.
+
+54 The man that is the most tender among
+
+
+' Lit. "Hard," or "impudent;" i. e. bold and unmer-
+ciful in their conduct to pris^mers, and unreasonable in
+their demands.
+
+245
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXVIII. XXIX. KI TAIIBO.
+
+
+thee, and who is very delicate, — his eye
+shall look enviously toward his brother, and
+toward the wife of his bosom, and toward
+the remnant of his children whom he may
+spare ;
+
+55 So as not to give to any of them of
+the flesh of his children which he may eat;
+because there is nothing left unto him, in
+the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith
+thy enemy will distress thee in all thy
+gates.
+
+56 The woman, the most tender among
+thee, and. the most delicate, who hath never
+adventured to set the sole of her foot upon
+the ground for delicateness and tenderness, —
+her eye shall look enviously toward the hus-
+band of her bosom, and toward her son, and
+toward her daughter,
+
+57 And toward her young one that is come
+from between her feet, and toward her chil-
+dren which she hath born; for she shall eat
+them for want of every thing secretly, in the
+siege and in the straitness, wherewith thy
+enemy will distress thee in thy gates.
+
+58 If thou wilt not observe to do all the
+words of this law which are written in this
+book ;" to fear tins glorious and fearful name,
+THE Lord thy God :
+
+59 Theii will the Lord render peculiar thy
+plagues, and the plagues of thy seed, plagues
+great, and of long continuance, and sicknesses
+soi'e, and of long continuance.
+
+GO And he will bring back upon thee all
+the diseases of Egypt, of which thou wast
+afraid; and they shall cleave unto thee.
+
+61 Also every sickness, and every plague
+which is not written in the book of this law,
+will the Lord bring upon thee, until thou be
+destroyed.
+
+62 And ye shall be left but few in num-
+ber, instead of that ye once were as the stars
+of heaven for multitude; because thou didst
+not hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy
+God.
+
+63 And it shall come to pass, that, as the
+Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and
+to multiply you, so will the Lord rejoice over
+
+
+" Tlie plagues mentioned arc not the results of any for-
+tuitous oircunistaucos, nor any extraneous cause; but only
+of the disobedience of the Israelites to the will of God.
+It is a faitLliil udhoreuec to the law which alone could
+build up our state, as the reverse is the ouly thing which
+could pive our enemies tiic victory over us.
+246
+
+
+you to bring you to nought, and to destroy
+you: and ye shall be plucked from off the
+land whither thou goest to possess it.
+
+64 And the Lord will scatter thee among
+all the nations, from one end of the earth
+even unto the other end of the earth; and
+there M'ilt thou serve strange gods, which
+neither thou nor thy fathers have known,
+even wood and stone.
+
+65 And among these nations shalt thou
+find no ease, and there shall not be any rest
+for the sole of thy foot: and the Lord will
+give thee there a trembling heart, and a fail-
+ing of eyes, and a faintness of soul.
+
+66 And thy life shall hang'' in douljt before
+thee; and thou shalt be in dread day and
+night, and thou shalt have no confidence of
+thy life;
+
+67 In the morning thou wilt say, Who
+would but grant that it were only evening!
+and at evening thou wilt say. Who would but
+grant that it were only morning! from the
+dread of thy heart which thou wilt experi-
+ence, and from the sight of thy eyes which
+thou wilt see.
+
+68 And the Lord will bring thee l^ack to
+Egypt in ships, by the way whereof I have
+spoken unto thee, Thou shalt no more see it
+again: and there will ye offer yourselves;''
+for sale unto your enemies for bond-men
+and bond-women, without any one to buy
+you.
+
+69'' ]| These are the words of the covenant,
+which the Lord commanded Moses to make
+with the children of Israel in the land of
+Moitb, besides the covenant which he had
+made with them in Horeb.*
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ^ And Moses called unto all Israel, and
+said unto them. Ye yourselves have seen sll
+that the Lord hath done before your eyes in
+the land of Egypt unto Pharaoh, and unto aU.
+his servants, and unto all his land;
+
+2 The great proofs which thy eye'? have
+seen, those great signs, and miracles :
+
+3 Yet the Lord gave you not a heart tn
+
+'' Lit. "And thy life shall be hanging unto thee '.t a
+distance;" ('. c. it shall be in constant danger.
+
+' "Ye will seek to sell yourselves, but noue will buy
+for they will decree against you slaughter and destruction."
+— Rashi.
+
+'' The ICnglish version coium;Mice.s here cLap. xxi.f
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXIX. NITZABIM.
+
+
+perceive, and eyes to see, and ears to hear,
+until tliis day."
+
+4 And I have led yon forty years in the
+wilderness; your clothes did not Ml worn out
+from oft' you. and thy shoe did not Ml woi-n
+out from oft' thy foot.
+
+5 Bread have ye not eaten, and wine or
+strong drink have ye not drunk; in order
+that ye might understand that 1 am the Lord
+your God.'-'
+
+6 And when ye came unto this place,
+Sichon the king of Cheshhon, and "Og the
+king of Bashan w^ent out against us unto
+Ijattle, and we smote them :
+
+7 And we took their land, and gave it for
+an inheritance unto the Reiihenites, and to
+the Gadites, and to the half tribe of the
+Menassites.
+
+8 Keep ye therefore the words of this cove-
+nant, and do them, that ye may prosper in all
+that ye do.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah Ix. 1 to 22.
+
+
+SECTION LI. NITZABIM, D'Di'J.
+
+9 ^ Ye are standing this day, all of you,
+before the Lord your God ; your lieads of your
+tribes, your elders, and your ofticers, all the
+men of Israel,
+
+10 Your little ones, your wives, and thy
+stranger that is in the midst of thy camp,
+from the hewer of thy w^ood unto the drawer
+of thy water:
+
+11 That thou shouldst enter into the
+covenant of the Lord th}- God, and into his
+oath of denunciation, which the Lord thy
+God raaketh with thee this day.*
+
+12 In order to raise thee up to-day unto
+himself for a people, and that he may be unto
+thee a God, as he hath spoken unto thee, and
+
+° Despite of the many proofs of God's mercy the people
+had obtained, they were yet wavering in their faith.
+
+'■ The reaffirmation of the covenant, with the oath of
+denunciation (above, xxvii. 15-26) for transgression now
+superadded, was for the purpose of impressing the more
+strongly the necessity of obedience upon the people, so
+that there might not be one individual or family, who, in
+daring carelessness, would offend against the will of the
+Lord, seeing that he himself had bound his soul with the
+covenant into which he and all Israel had voluntarily en-
+tered.—-This verse connects with verse 14. li
+
+' After Arnheim, who renders ni3D with "to appease," 'i
+
+to still;' Ti]'\ from the Aramaic "n "drunkenne.ss," i
+"violent indulgence;" and hn-dv '-thirst," "desire;" and i|
+
+
+as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, to Abra-
+ham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.
+
+lo And not with you alone do I make tliis
+covenant and this oath;
+
+14 But with him that is standing here with
+us this day before the Lord our God, and
+with him that is not here w'ith us this day.*
+
+15 (For }e know how we dwelt in the
+land of Egypt; and how we passed through
+the nations through Avhich ye have passed ;
+
+16 And ye saw their abominations, and
+their idols, of wood and stone, silver and
+gold, which they had with them:)
+
+17 So" that there may not Ije among you a
+man, or a woman, or a family, or a tribe,
+whose heart turneth away this day from the
+Lord our God. to go to serve the gods of these
+nations; that there may not be among you a
+root that beareth abundantly poison and
+wormwood.
+
+18 And it might come to pass, when he
+heareth the words of this denunciation, tliat
+he would Ijless himself in his heart, saying,
+There will be peace unto me, though I walk
+in the stubbornness of my heart; in order
+that the indulgence' of the passions may ap-
+•pease the thirst (for them) :
+
+19 The Lord will not pardon him; but
+then the anger of the Lord and his jealousy
+will smoke'' against that man, and there shall
+rest upon him all the curse that is written in
+this book; and the Lord will blot out his
+name from under the heavens.
+
+!| 20 And the Lord will single him out unto
+evil out of all the tribes of Israel, according to
+all the denunciations of the covenant which
+
+I' is written in this book of the law.
+
+II 21 And the latest generation, your chil-
+dren that will rise up after you, and the
+
+'stranger that will come from a far land, will
+
+
+say, when they see the plagues of that land,
+
+means then, that he will continue to indulge in unlawful
+desires, forgetful of the command of God, simply because
+his own will is stubborn, and he is careless about yielding
+obedience. Philippson renders mSD with ''to increase;"
+thus, " so that the drunkenness should yet farther increase
+the thirst; ('. r. for greater indulgence. rin'nB' Arnheim
+derives for TiB' ''fast, firm," hence, "security."
+
+'' This expression is taken from the effects of strong
+anger in a man, which is seen in the smoke coming out of
+his nostrils; and is only used to personify the results of
+wilful disobedience to God's will. "Jealousy" then
+represents the consequence of slighted affection which the
+mortal should feel for his heavenly Father, who both de-
+serves and expects love and obedience from his creatures.
+
+247
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXIX. XXX. NITZABIM.
+
+
+not assigned"
+
+
+" Our religion points out to us how we are to worship ;
+consequently irlolatry being interdicted, is properly a
+species of worship not assigned to us by God.
+
+*" 11'nini from in* "more;" therefore in Hiphil, "to
+make one more or greater than another," "to distinguish
+one for something." (8ce also above, xxviii. 11.)
+248
+
+
+■Mid its sufferings with which tlie Lord hath |
+litten it;
+
+1^2 (That) the whole soil thereof is brim-
+,one, and salt, and a burning waste, whicli is
+lot sown, and beareth not, and in which no
+kind of grass springeth up, like the overthrow
+of Sodom, and Gomorrah, Admah, and Ze-
+bojim which the Lord overthrew in his an-
+ger, and in iiis wrath : —
+
+23 Even all the nations will say. Where-
+fore hath the Lord done thus unto this land ?
+whence the heat of this great anger ?
+
+24 Then shall men say. Because they had
+forsaken the covenant of the Lord, the God
+of their fathers, which he made with them
+when he brought them forth out of the land
+of Egypt;
+
+25 And they went and served other gods,
+and bowed down to them, gods which they
+knew not, and which he had
+unto them;
+
+26 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against this land, to bring upon it the entire
+curse that is written in this book;
+
+27 And the Lord plucked them out of
+their land in anger, and in wrath, and in
+great indignation, and he cast them into an-
+other land, as it is this day.
+
+28 The secret things belong unto the Lord
+our God; but those things which are publicly
+known belong unto us and to our children
+for ever, to do all the words of this law.*
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 ^ And it shall come to pass, when all
+these things are come upon thee, the blessing
+and the curse, which I liave set before thee,
+and thou x'eiiectest on them in thy heart
+among all the nations, whither the Lord thy
+God hatli driven thee,
+
+2 So that thou returnest unto the Lord
+thy God, and hearkenest unto his voice ac-
+cording to all that I command this day, thou
+and thy children, with all thy heart, and
+with all thy soul :
+
+3 That then the Lord thy God will restore
+thy captivity, and have mercy upon thee ;
+
+
+and he will again gather thee from all the
+nations, whither the Lord thy God hath scat-
+tered thee.
+
+4 If thy outcasts be at the outmost parts
+of heaven, from there will the Lord thy God
+gather thee, and from there will he fetch
+thee :
+
+5 And the Lord thy God will bring thee
+into the land which thy fathers possessed,
+and thou shalt possess it; and he will do
+thee good, and multiply thee above thy
+fathers.
+
+6 And the Lord thy God will circumcise
+thy heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love
+the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and
+with all thy soul, in order that thou mayest
+live.*
+
+7 And the Lord thy God will put all these
+denunciations upon thy enemies, and on those
+that hate thee, who have persecuted thee.
+
+8 And thou wilt return and hearken unto the
+voice of the Lord, and thou wilt do all his com-
+mandments which I command thee this day.
+
+9 And the Lord thy God will make thee
+pre-eminent" in every work of thy hand, in
+the fruit of thy bod}-, and in the fruit of thy
+cattle, and in the fruit of thy land, for good;
+for the Lord will again rejoice over thee for
+good, as he rejoiced over thy fathers;
+
+10 ir thou wilt hearken unto the voice of
+the Lord thy God, to keep his commandments
+and his statutes which are written in this
+book of the law; if thou wilt return unto the
+Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all
+thy soul.*
+
+11 T[ For this commandment which I com-
+mand thee this day, is not hidden from thee,
+nor is it far off.
+
+12 It is not in heaven; that thou shouldst
+say, Who will go up for us to heaven, and
+fetch it down unto us, and cause us to hear
+it, that we may do it?
+
+13 Neither is it beyond the sea; that thou
+shouldst say, Who will go over the sea for
+us, and fetch it unto us, and cause us to hear
+it, that we may do it?
+
+14 But the word is very nigh unto thee,
+
+
+° All the blessings mast be earned by obedience in the
+first instance; and when they have been forfeited by sin,
+they can only be recovered through a perfect return
+unto God with all the heart and all the soul. This is
+the only condition pointed out to us in this beautiful
+passage.
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXX. XXXI. VAYELECH.
+
+
+in tliy month, and in thy heart, tliat thou
+niayest do it.*
+
+15 ^ See, I have set before thee this day
+life and the good, death and the evil ;
+
+16 In that I command thee this day to love
+the Loud thy God, to walk in his ways, and
+to keep his commandments and his statutes
+and his ordinances; that thou mayest live and
+multiply; and that the Lord thy God may
+bless thee in the land whither thou goest to
+possess it.
+
+17 But if thy heart turn away, so that
+thou wilt not hearken, and thou sufferest thy-
+self to be dra^vn away, and thou bowest do%\7i
+to other gods, and servest them :''"
+
+18 I aunomice unto you this day, that ye
+shall surely perish ; ye shall not remain many
+days upon the land, whither thou passest over
+the J(jrdan to go thither to possess it.
+
+19 I call heaven and earth as witnesses
+against you this day, that I have set before
+you life' and death, the blessing and the curse ;
+therefore choose thou life, in order that thou
+mayest live, both thou and thy seed ;
+
+20 To love the Lokd thy God, to hearken
+to his voice, and to cleave mi to him; for he is
+thy hfe, and the length of thy days; that thou
+mayest dwell in the land which the Lord
+swore unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac,
+and to Jacob, to give unto them.
+
+Haphtorah in Isaiah Ixi. 10 to Ixiii. 9.
+
+
+SECTION LII. VAYELECH, -I-"1.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 ^ And Moses went and spoke these
+words unto all Israel.
+
+2 And he said unto them, I am a hundred
+and twenty years old this day; I am not able
+any more to go out and come in ; for"" the Lord
+hath said unto me. Thou shalt not go over
+this Jordan.
+
+3 The Lord thy God it is who goeth over
+
+' Life IS the sure recompense of goodness, death that of
+evil; and as God loves mercy, he counsels man to choose
+goodiless, in order that he may live.
+
+'Literally, "and;" but Rashi explains correctly that
+the reason why Moses could no longer be the leader of the
+people was not physical weakness, which is contradicted
+by xxxiv. 7; but the will of God that he should not go
+over the Jordan.
+
+2Q
+
+
+before thee; he Avill destroy these nations
+fi'om before thee, and thou shalt dispossess
+them: Joshua it is who goeth over before
+thee, as the Lord hath spoken.*
+
+4 And the Lord will do unto them as he
+hath done to Sichon and to 'Og, the kings of
+the Emorites, and unto their land, whom he
+hath destroyed.
+
+5 And the Lord will give them up before
+you; and ye shall do unto them according
+unto the whole of the commandment which I
+have commanded you.
+
+6 Be strong and of a good courage, be not
+afraid and be not dismayed on account of
+them; for the Lord thy God it is that goeth
+with thee; he will not let thee fail, nor forsake
+thee.*
+
+7 ][ And Moses called imto Joshua, and
+said unto him before the eyes of all Israel, Be
+strong and of a good courage; for thou must
+go with this people unto the land which the
+Lord hath sworn unto their fathers to give
+unto them ; and thou shalt divide it for them
+as a possession.
+
+8 And the Lord it is that goeth before
+thee; he will be with thee, he will not let
+thee fail, nor will he forsake thee : fear not,
+nor be thou discouraged.
+
+9 And Moses wrote down this law, and de-
+livered it unto the priests the sons of Levi,
+who l)ore the ark of the covenant of the Lord,
+and unto all the elders of Israel.*
+
+10 And Moses commanded them, sajdng,
+At the end of (every) seven" years, at the
+fixed time of the year of release, on the feast
+of tabernacles,
+
+11 When all Israel come to appear before
+the Lord thy God in the place which he will
+choose, shalt thou read this law in the pre-
+sence of all Israel in their hearing.
+
+12 Assemble the people together, the men,
+and the women, and the children, and thy
+stranger that is within thy gates; in order
+that they may hear, and in order that they
+may learn how they are to fear the Lord
+
+
+° At the Feast of Tabernacles succeeding the release
+year, as it is explained by our authorities. It was then
+that the chief of the people was to read the law in the
+hearing of all ; since all had an equal interest in the same,
+and all were bound to give it strict obedience. Religious
+instruction should therefore in our day also be imparted to
+all who belong to the house of Israel, whether they be
+male or female, young or old.
+
+249
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXXI. VAYELECH.
+
+
+your God, and observe to do all the words of
+this law;
+
+13 And that their children, who have not
+yet any knowledge, may hear, and learn to
+fear the Lord your God, all the days which
+ye li\'e iu the land whither ye go over the
+Jordan to possess it.'''
+
+14 If And the Lord said unto Moses, Be-
+hold, thy days approach that thou must die ;
+call Joshua, and place yourselves in the taber-
+nacle of the congregation, that I may give
+him a charge:* and Moses and Joshua went,
+and placed themselves in the tabernacle of the
+congregation.
+
+15 And the Lord appeared in the taberna-
+cle in a pillar of cloud ; and the pillar of cloud
+stood at the door of the tabernacle.
+
+IC And the Lord said unto Moses, Behold,
+thou shalt sleep with thy fathers: and then
+will this people rise up, and go astray after
+the gods of the strangers of the land, whither
+they go to be iu the midst of them, and they
+will forsake me, and break my covenant
+which I have made with them.
+
+17 And my anger shall be kindled against
+them on that day, and I will forsake them,
+and I will hide my face from them, and they
+shall be given to be devoured, and many
+evils and troubles shall overtake them; and
+they will say on that day, Is it not, because
+my God is not in the midst of me, that these
+evils have overtaken me ?
+
+18 But I will assuredly hide my face on
+that day on account of all the evils which
+they have wrought, tecause they have turned
+unto other gods.
+
+19 Now therefore write ye for yourselves
+this song, and teach it the children of Israel,
+put it in their mouth; in order tluit this song
+nuxy become for me a witness against the
+children of Israel.*
+
+20 For when I shall have brought them
+into the land which I have sworn unto their
+fathers, that floweth with milk and honey;
+and they shall have eaten and filled them-
+
+
+" Tlii.s refers (o verso '2H, where it says, " And he gave
+a charge to Jo.shu.a, &c." As Joshua was to succeed
+MosCs, it was proper that the Spirit should speak with
+him in the presence of his teacher; so that the people
+miglit respect him.
+
+'' A pnjmise th;it thchiw shall never be forgotten, which
+has been signally fultilied.
+
+' " The song shall, through the predictions it contains,
+260
+
+
+selves, and grown fat: then will they airn
+unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke
+me, and break my covenant.
+
+21 And it shall come to pass, when irany
+evils and troubles have befallen them, that
+this song shall testify against them as a wit-
+ness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the
+mouth of tlieir seed;'' for I know their incli-
+nation' which they have shown, even this
+day, before I have brought them into the
+land which I have sworn.
+
+22 And Moses wrote down this song on the
+same day, and taught it the children of
+Israel.
+
+23 And he'' gave a charge unto Joshua the
+son of Nun, and said. Be strong and of a good
+courage ; for thou shalt bring the children of
+Israel into the land which 1 have sworn uuii
+them; and I will be with thee.
+
+24 And it came to pass, when Moses had
+made an end of writing the words of this law
+in a book, until they were finished,'''
+
+25 That Moses commanded the Levites, the
+bearers of the ark of the covenant of the Lord,
+saying,
+
+26 Take this book of the law, and put it at
+the side of the ark of the covenant of the
+Lord your God, that it may remain there
+against thee for a witness.
+
+27 For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff
+neck : behold, while I am yet alive with you
+this day, have ye been rebellious against
+the Lord, and how much more after my
+death ?*
+
+28 Assemble unto me all the elders of your
+tribes, and your officers; and I will speak in
+their ears these words, and I will call as wit-
+nesses against them the heavens and the earth.
+
+29 For I know that after my death ye will
+to a surety become corrupt, and turn aside
+from the way which I have commanded you;
+and that the evil will befall you in the latter
+days, when ye do the evil in the eyes of the
+Lord, to incense him through the work of
+your hands.
+
+be an evidence that their sinful life was already present
+before me, before they had yet taken possession of the
+prdmised land." — Arniieim. Aben Ezra comments,
+" For if I did not know the future, I know already whs'
+they have done till now ;" taking T]\ay in its literal sense,
+" to make," not as iu our version after Arnheim, " show,"
+which then refers to " inclination."
+
+■■ This refers to " God." (See above, ver:;e 14.)
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXXI. XXXIl. HAAZEENU.
+
+
+30 And Moses spoke in the ears of all the
+congregation of Israel the words of this song,
+until they were ended.
+
+Haphtorah for the Portuguese, if after Kosh Hashanah, in
+Ilosea xiv. 2 to 10, and Micuh vii. 18 to 20 ; otlierwise that
+o( JS'itzabim. The Germans read, in the tirst case, in Ilosea
+xiv. 2 to 10, and Joel ii. 15 to 27 ; in the second, in Isaiah
+Iv. 6 to Ivi. 8.
+
+
+SECTION LIII. HAAZEENU, irrNH.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIL
+
+1 ^ Give ear, 0 ye heavens, and I will
+speak; and let the earth hear the words of
+my mouth.
+
+2 My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my
+speech shall distil as the dew, as heavy rains
+upon the grass, and as showers upon herbs.
+
+3 When I call on the name of the Lord,
+ascribe ye greatness unto our God.
+
+4 He is the Rock, his work is perfect; for
+all his ways are just: the God of truth and
+without iniquity, just and upright is he.
+
+5 The corruption is not his," it is the de-
+fect of his children, of the perverse and crook-
+ed generation.
+
+6 Will ye thus requite the Lord, 0 people,
+worthless and unwise ? is he not thy father
+who hath bought thee? is it not he who hath
+made thee, and established thee?*
+
+7 Remember the days of old, consider the
+years of former generations; ask thy lather,
+and he will tell thee; thy elders, and they
+will say it unto thee :
+
+8 When the Most High divided to the na-
+tions their inheritance, when he separated
+the sons of man: he set the bounds of the
+tribes'' according to the nurabev of the sons of
+Israel.
+
+9 For the portion of the Lord is his people ;
+Jacob is the lot of his inheritance.
+
+10 He found him in a desert land, and in
+the waste of tlie howling of the wilderness;
+he encircled him, he watched him, he guarded
+him as the apple of his eye.
+
+11 As an eagle stirreth up his nest, flutter-
+eth over his young, spreadeth abroad his
+
+
+* The sinning of Israel is not a blemish upon the good-
+ness of God : he gave them a law which would render
+them happy ; but they chose sin and its subsequent sor-
+rows.
+
+
+wings, seizeth them, beareth them aloft on
+his pinions:
+
+12 So did the Lord alone lead him, and
+there was not with him a stranger god.*
+
+13 He caused him to stride on the high
+places of the earth, and he ate the products
+of the fields ; and he made him to suck honey
+out of the rock, and oil out of the flinty stone ;
+
+14 Cream of cows, and milk of sheep,
+with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of
+Bashan, and goats, with the fat of the kid-
+neys" of wheat ; and of the blood of the grape
+thou drankest unmixed wine.
+
+15 Thus did Yeshurun grow fat, and he
+kicked; (thou art grown fat, thick, fleshy;)
+and then he forsook the God who made him,
+and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvar
+tion.
+
+16 They incensed him with strange gods,
+with abominations they provoked him to
+anger.
+
+17 They sacrificed unto evil spirits, things
+that are not god, gods that they knew not,
+new ones lately come up, which your fathers
+dreaded not.
+
+18 Of the Rock that begat thee thou wast
+unmindful, and foi'gottest the God that hatl
+brought thee forth.*
+
+19 And the Lord saw this, and he was
+angry; because "of the provoking of his sons
+and of his daughters.
+
+20 And be said, I will hide my face from
+them, I will see what their end will be; for
+a perverse generation are they, children in
+whom there is no faith.
+
+21 They have moved me to wTath with
+things that are not god ; they have provoked
+me to anger with their vanities; and I too
+will move them to jealousy with those which
+are not a people; I will pi'ovoke them to anger
+with a worthless nation.
+
+22 For a fire is kindled in my anger, ar.d
+it burnetii unto the lowest deejj; and it con-
+sumeth the earth with her products, and it
+setteth on fire the foundations of the mou;.-
+tains.
+
+23 I will heap upon them miseries; all my
+arrows will I spend upon them.
+
+
+^ Established twelve tribes from the twelve sons o^
+Israel.
+
+° "An image borrowed from the shape of the vibcar.
+for 'fine flour.'"
+
+251
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXXII. HAAZEENU.
+
+
+24 They shall be wasted with hunger, and
+devoured with burning heat, and with bitter
+deadly disease ; also the tooth of beasts will I
+let loose against them, with the poison of ser-
+pents that crawl in the dust.
+
+25 Without shall the sword destroy, and
+terror within the chaml^ers, both the young
+man and the virgin, the suckling with the
+man of gray hairs.
+
+26 I said, I would drive them into one
+corner," I would cause their remembrance to
+cease from among men :
+
+27 Were it not that I feared the wrath of
+the enemy, lest their oppressors should mis-
+talvC the truth, lest they should say, Our hand
+is high, and the Lord hath not wrought all
+this.
+
+28 For a nation void of counsel are they,
+and there is no understanding in them.*
+
+29 If they were but wise, they would under-
+stand this, they would consider their latter
+end!
+
+30 How should one chase a thousand, and
+two put ten thousand to flight, unless their
+Rock had sold them, and the Lord had de-
+livered them up?
+
+31 For not as our Rock is their rock, even
+our enemies themselves being judges.
+
+32 For from the vine of Sodom is their
+vine, and from the fields of Gomorrah; their
+grapes are grapes of gaU, they bear bitter
+clusters.
+
+33 The poison of serpents is their wine,
+and the deadly*" venom of asps.
+
+34 Behold! this is laid up in store with
+me, it is sealed up among my treasures !
+
+35 Mine are vengeance and recompense, at
+the time that their foot shall slip; for nigh
+draweth the day of their calamity, and the
+future speedeth along for them.
+
+36 For the Lord will espouse the cause of
+his people, and bethink himself concerning his
+servants: when he seeth that their power is
+gone, and the guarded and fortified are no
+more.
+
+° Kasbi ; others reader, " I would make an end of
+them;" others, "scatter them."
+
+'' Lit. "Cruel," "unpitying;" heuce, "fatal in its
+effects," here, "deadly."
+
+° After Rashi. Arnheim renders, "The fat of whose
+sacrifices they ate, the wine of whose driuk-offerings they
+drank?"
+
+'' Arnheim views this not as an oath, but merely as
+t declaration that the display of the Divine power will
+262
+
+
+37 Then will he say, Where are their gods
+the rock in whom they trusted,
+
+38 They" that ate the fat of their sacrifices,
+and drank the wine of their drink-ofierings?
+let them arise and help you, let them be a
+protection over you.
+
+39 See now that I, even I, am lie, and
+there is no god with me : I alone kill, and 1
+make alive ; I wound, and I heal ; and no
+one can deliver out of my hand.*
+
+40 For I lift up my hand to heaven, and
+say, I live for ever.''
+
+41 When I whet my glittering sword, and
+my hand taketli hold on judgment:" I will
+render vengeance unto my enemies, and those
+that hate me will I requite.
+
+42 I will make my arrows drunken with
+blood, and my sword shall devour flesh ; from
+the blood of the slain and of the captives,
+from the crushed head of the enemy.
+
+43 Sjoeak aloud, 0 ye nations, the praises
+of his people; for he*^ will avenge the blood
+of his servants, and vengeance will he render
+to his adversaries, and forgive his land, and
+his people.*
+
+44 ^ And Moses came and spoke all the
+words of this song in the ears of the people,
+he, and Hosheii the son of Nun.
+
+45 And when Moses had made an end of
+speaking all these words to all Israel :
+
+46 He said unto them. Set your hearts
+unto all the words which I testify agrinst
+you this day, so that ye may command them
+your children, to observe to do all the words
+of this law.
+
+47 For it is not a vain word for you; on
+the contrary, it is your' life; and through
+this word shall ye live many days in the
+land, whither ye go over the Jordan to pos-
+sess it.*
+
+48 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses on
+that self-same day, saying,
+
+49 Get thee up into this mountain of 'Aba-
+rim, unto mount Nebo, which is in the land
+of Moiib, that is in front of Jericho; and be-
+
+
+convince the heathens that the Lord God lives for
+ever.
+
+" Arnheim renders 03B'o "the iu.strument of punish-
+ment," or that by which the judgment or sentence of the
+judge is executed.
+
+' Aben Ezra refers "he" to people, and would give,
+"It will avenge the blood of his (God's) servents and ren-
+der vengeance to its enemies — and his people will atone
+for his land."
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXXll. XXXlll. IIABERACHAH.
+
+
+hold the land of Canaan, which I give unto
+the children of Israel for a possession;
+
+50 And die on the mount whither thou
+goest np, and be gathered unto thy people; as
+Aaron thy brother died on mount Hor, and
+was gathered unto his people;
+
+51 Because ye trespassed against me in
+the midst of the children of Israel at the
+waters of contention at Kadesh, in the wil-
+derness of Zin ; because ye sanctified me not
+in the midst of the children of Israel.
+
+52 For from afar shalt thou see the land;
+but thither shalt thou not go unto the land
+which I give the children of Israel.
+
+Haphtorah, if before Kippur, for the Portuguese in Hosea
+xiv. 2 to 10 and Micah vii. 18 to 20; for the Germans, instead
+of the last, Joel ii. 15 to 27 ; but if after Kippur, both read in
+2 Samuel xxii. 1 to 51. Some congregations read in Ezekiel
+xvii. 22 to xviii 32.
+
+
+SECT. LIV. VEZOTH HABERACHAH,
+
+HDiDn nxn-
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 ][ And this is the blessing, wherewith
+Moses, the man of God, blessed the children
+of Israel before his death.
+
+2 And he said. The Lord came from Sinai,
+and rose up from Se'ir unto them : he shone
+forth from mount Paran, and he came from
+among myriads of saints ; from his right hand
+he gave a fiery law unto them.
+
+3 Yea, thou also lovedst the tribes ; all their
+saints were in thy hand ; and they, prostrate
+before thy feet, received thy words."
+
+4 " The*" law which Moses commanded us,
+is the inheritance of the congregation of
+Jacob."
+
+5 Thus became he king in Yeshurun, when
+the heads of the people wei'e assembled, as
+one the tribes of Israel.
+
+6 May Reuben live, and not die ; and may
+not his men be few.
+
+7 ][ And this is (the blessing) of Judah,
+
+
+' Arnheim translates this verse: "He also bore the
+tribes on his bosom, all his (Israel's) saints were in thy hand ;
+but they were stretched out at thy feet, and trembled at
+thy word."
+
+" Rashi comments, that these are the words which the
+people spoke.
+
+° After Targum and Rashi ; and it means then, that Ju-
+dah may be blessed with the means of contending against
+his opponents. Others, such as Abeu Ezra and the Eug-
+
+
+and he said, Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah,
+and bring him unto his people : let the power
+of his hands contend" for him ; and be thou a
+help to him from his adversaries.*
+
+8 Tl And of Levi he said. Thy Thummim"
+and thy Urim are with thy holy man, whom
+thou didst prove at Massah, and with whom
+thou didst strive at the waters of Meril^ah ;
+
+9 Who said of his lather and of his mother,
+I have not seen him ; and who did not ac-
+knowledge his brothers, nor regarded his own
+children; for they observe thy word, and thy
+covenant they keep.
+
+10 They shall teach thy ordinances unto
+Jacob, and thy law unto Israel: they shall
+put incense before^ thee, and whole burnt^
+sacrifice upon thy altar.
+
+11 Bless, 0 Lord, his substance, and re-
+ceive favourably the work of his hands : crush
+the loins of those that rise up against him,
+and those that hate him, that they cannot rise
+again.
+
+12 ]f And of Benjamin he said. The be-
+loved of the Lord (is he), he shall dwell in
+safety by him : he will shield him all the day
+long, and between his shoulders will he dwell.*
+
+13 ][ And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the
+Lord be his land, through the precious gift
+of heaven, through the dew, and through the
+deep that coucheth beneath,
+
+14 And through the precious fruits brought
+forth by the sun, and through the precious
+things put forth by the moon,
+
+15 And through the best things of the
+ancient mountains, and through the precious
+things of the everlasting hills,
+
+16 And through the precious things of the
+earth and its fulness, and through the good-
+will of him that dAvelt in the thorn-l)ush :
+may this blessing come upon the head of
+Joseph, and upon the crown of the head of
+him that was separated from his brothers.
+
+17 His first-born steer is adorned Avith
+glory, and his horns are like the horns of
+reem;' with them shall he push nations to
+
+lish version, translate, "let his hands be sufficient for
+
+him." Arnheim renders the concluding portion, "and
+
+may they (the hands) be a help," &c.
+
+■^ " Thy justice and thy light are," &c. — Arnheim lud
+
+Philippson.
+
+' Lit. "In thy nose," to wit, "as an agreeable savour."
+' "Buffalo." — Philippson. But in this version it is
+
+Irft untranslated, from the uncertainty of the deriva
+
+tion.
+
+358
+
+
+DEUTERONOMY XXXIII. XXXIV. HABERACHAH.
+
+
+getlier to tlie ends of the earth : and they are
+the myriads of Ephraim, and they are the
+thousands of Menasseh.*
+
+18 ][ And of Zebulun he said, Rejoice, Ze-
+bulun, in thy going out; and, Issachar, in
+thy tents.
+
+19 They will call the tribes unto the
+mountain; there will they offer sacrifices of
+righteousness; for they will suck the abun-
+dance of the seas, and the treasures hid in the
+sand.
+
+20 T[ And of Gad he said. Blessed" be he
+that enlargeth Gad: like a lioness lieth he
+down, and teareth off the arm with the crown
+of the head.
+
+21 And he provided the first part for him-
+self, because there is the field of the law-
+giver, of the hidden ;* and he went forth at
+the head of the people: he executed the jus-
+tice" of the Lord, and his judgments with Is-
+rael.*
+
+22 ^ And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion's
+whelp, that leapeth forth from Bashan.
+
+23 And of Naphtali he said, 0 Naphtali,
+satisfied with favour, and full of the blessing
+of the Lord, take thou possession of the west
+and the south.
+
+24 ][ And of Asher he said. More than
+(all) the children be Asher blessed : he shall
+be the most favoured of his brethren, and
+bathe his foot in oil.
+
+25 Iron and copper shall be thy bolts; and
+as thy (younger) days'* so shall thy old age
+be.
+
+26 There is none like unto the God of
+Yeshurun, who rideth to help thee upon the
+heavens, and in his excellency upon the
+skies.*
+
+27 Thy refuge" is the eternal God, and
+here beneath, the everlasting arms; and he
+thrust out the enemy from before thee; and
+he said. Destroy.
+
+28 And then dwelt Israel in safety, alone,
+tlie fountain of Jacob; in a land of com
+and wine; also its heavens shall drop down
+dew.
+
+29 Happy art thou, 0 Israel ! who is like
+unto thee, 0 people, saved by the Lord, the
+Saield of th-y- help, and who is the Sword of
+
+
+' "Ulcssed, extensive is Gad." — Arniikim.
+'' i. e. Mo.^cs, who is buriod in Gad's portion.
+' "The victory of the Lord and punishment, (against
+the CauaarjiiCij.) he exocutoth with Israel." — Arnheim.
+• After llashi.
+264
+
+
+thy excellency! and thy enemies shall fa^vn
+upon thee; and thou slialt tread ujjon their
+high-places.*
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ^ And Moses went up from the plains
+of MoJib unto the mount of Nebo, to the
+top of Pisgah, that is before Jericho; and the
+Lord showed him all the land (from) Gil'ad
+unto Dan,
+
+2 And all Naphtali, and the land of
+Ephraim, and Menasseh, and all the land of
+Judah, unto the western sea.
+
+3 And the south, and the plain, the valley
+of Jericho, the city of palm-trees, unto Zoiir.
+
+4 And the Lord said unto him, This is the
+land which I swore unto Abraham, unto
+Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying. Unto thy seed
+will I give it: I have let thee see it with thy
+eyes, but thither shalt thou not go over.
+
+5 And Moses the servant of the Lord died
+there in the land of Moiib, according to the
+order of the Lord.
+
+6 And he buried him in the valley in the
+land of Moiib, opposite Beth-peor; but no man
+knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day.
+
+7 And Moses was a hundred and twenty
+years old when he died; his eye was not
+dimmed, and his natural force had not abated.
+
+8 And the children of Israel wept for
+Moses in the plaiits of Moiib thirty days ; and
+then were ended the days of weeping and
+mourning for Moses.
+
+9 And Joshua the son of Nun was full of
+the spirit of wisdom ; for Moses had laid his
+hands upon him ; and the childi*en of Israel
+hearkened unto him, and did, as the Lord
+had commanded Moses.
+
+10 And there arose not a prophet since
+then in Israel like unto Moses, whom the
+Lord knew face to face,
+
+11 In respect to all the signs and the won-
+ders', which the Lord had sent him to do in
+the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, and to all his
+servants, and to all his land,
+
+12 And in respect to all that mighty hand,
+and in all the great terrific deeds which Moses
+displayed before the eyes of all Israel.
+
+Ilaphtorah in Joshua i. 1 to 9. The Germans read to 18.
+
+
+' "The dwelling of the Eternal," &c. — Rashi; who
+refers nj^'D to the .skies in the precedinf; verse, thus:
+"The skies — which are the dwelling, etc., and beneath this
+dwell all the strong of arm, whom Israel was told to
+banish."
+
+
+D^iinr)i D^N^nj mm
+
+
+THE HOLY SCRIPTUIIES:
+
+PART SECOND.— DIVISION I.
+CONTAINING THE EARLIER PROPHETS.
+
+JOSHUA, ;;Knn' judges, d'Di^ic-'
+
+FIEST SAMUEL, 'N Sn'IOC SECOND SAMUEL, 'dSn'IOC'
+FIKST KINGS, 'N DoSo SECOND KINGS, '3 DoSs
+
+
+THE BOOK OF JOSHUA,
+
+CONTAINING THE EVENTS OF JOSHUA'S LIFE AFTER THE DEATH OF MOSES.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass after the death
+of Moses, the servant of the Lord, that the
+Lord spoke unto Joshua" the son of Nun, the
+minister of Moses, saying,
+
+2 Moses my servant is dead; now there-
+fore arise, pass over this Jordan, thou, and all
+this people, unto the land which I do give
+to them, to the children of Israel.
+
+3 Every place that the sole of your foot
+shall tread ujx>n, that have I given unto you,
+as I said unto Moses.
+
+4 From'' the wilderness and this Lebanon
+even unto the great river, the river Euphrates,
+all the land of the Hittites, and unto the
+great sea toward the going down of the sun,
+shall be your Ijoundary.
+
+5 No man shall be able to stand up before
+thee all the days of thy life; as I was with
+Moses, so will I b-e with thee: I will not let
+thee fail, nor forsake thee.
+
+6 Be strong and of a good courage; for
+thou shalt divide for an inheritance unto this
+people the land, which I .'^wore unto their
+fathers to give to them.
+
+7 Only be thou strong and very courage-
+ous, to observe to do according to all the law,
+which Moses my servant hath commanded
+thee: turn not from it to the right band or
+to the left; in order that thou mayest prosper
+whithersoever thou goest.
+
+8 This book of the law shall not depart
+out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate
+therein day and night, in order that thou
+mayest observe to do according to all that is
+written therein; for then shalt thou make
+
+" Properly, Ytlioshua' .
+
+' That is, their utmost limits should be from the Desert
+of Arabia Petraea on the south, to Lebanon on the north;
+and from the Euphrates on the east, to the great sea, or
+2 H
+
+
+thy way prosperous, and then shalt thou have
+good success.
+
+9 Behold,'' I have commanded thee, Be
+strong and of good courage; be not dismayed,
+neither be thou discouraged; for the Lord thy
+God is with thee withersoever thou goest.
+
+10 •[[ Then Joshua commanded the officers
+of the people, saying,
+
+11 Pass through the midst of the camp,
+and command the people, saying. Prepare
+yourselves provisions; for after only three
+days more ye shall pass over this Jordan, to
+go in to possess the land, which the Lord
+your God giveth you, to possess it.
+
+12 ^ And to the Reiibenites, and to the
+Gadites, and to half the tribe of Menasseh,
+spoke Joshua, saying,
+
+1.3 Remember the word which Moses the
+servant of the Lord commanded you, saying,
+The Lord your God hath granted you rest,
+and hath given you this land;
+
+14 Your wives, your little ones, and your
+cattle, shall remain in the land which Mo.ses
+gave you on this side t)f the Jordan ; but ye
+shall pass over armed before your brethren,
+all the mighty men of valour, and help them ;
+
+15 Until the Lord shall have granted your
+brethren rest, as he hath done to you, and
+they also have taken possession of the land
+which the Lord your God giveth them : then
+shall ye return unto the land of your posses-
+sion, and possess it, which Moses the servant
+of the Lord gave you on this side of the Jor-
+dan, toward the rising of the sun.
+
+16 ]| And they answered Joshua, saying.
+All that thou hast commanded us will we do,
+and whithersoever thou wilt send us will we go.
+
+the Mediterranean, on the west. The Israelites did nnt
+possess the full extent of this grant till the time of ]):ivj(!
+
+0 "Territory." — S.VCHS, i.e. tliat within the houiidiries
+
+'' Lit. "Have I not couimauded theei"'
+
+257
+
+
+JOSHUA I. II.
+
+
+17 Entirely so as we have hearkened mifo
+Moses, thus will we hearken unto thee : only
+the Lord thy God be with thee, as he was
+with Moses.
+
+IS Every man that doth rebel against thy
+order, and will not hearken unto thy words
+in all that thou mayest command him, shall
+be put to death : only be strong and of a good
+courage.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ And Joshua, the son of Nun, had sent"
+out from Shittim two men as spies, secretly,
+saying, Go ye, view the land and especially
+Jericho; and they went, and came unto the
+house of a woman, a harlot, whose name was
+Rachab, and they lodged" there.
+
+2 And it was told unto the king of Jericho,
+saying, Behold, men came in hither this
+night, of the children of Israel, to search
+out the country.
+
+3 And the king of Jericho sent to Rachab,
+saying, Brnig forth the men who are come to
+thee, who came to thy house; for, to search
+out all the country are they come.
+
+4 But the woman had taken the two men,
+and hidden them ; and she said, It is true, the
+men came unto me, but I knew not whence
+they were.
+
+5 And it came to pass, about the time of
+shuttuig the gate, when it was dark, that the
+men went out; I know not whither the men
+are gone : pursue quickly after them, for ye
+can overtake them.
+
+6 But she had brought them up to the
+roof, and had hidden them among the stalks
+of tlax, which she had laid in order upon the
+roof.
+
+7 And the men pursued after them, by the
+way to the Jordan unto the lords; and the
+gate was closed, as soon as those who pursued
+after thcin were gone out.
+
+8 But they had not yet laid themselves
+down, when she came up unto them upon
+the roof
+
+9 And she said unto the men, I know that
+
+
+" Rashi comments that Joshua sent out the spies during
+the time the peojile uiourned for Moses; these men re-
+turned then before Joshua gave the cimimand contained
+above, i. 11 ; wherefore the word "liad" is supplied, to
+indicate tliat this account properly belongs ))cforc the con-
+versation given in the concluding verses of the preceding
+chapter.
+
+2.58
+
+
+the Lord hath given you the land, and that
+the teri'or of you hath fallen upon us, and
+that all the inhabitants of the land are be-
+come faint-hearted, Ijecause of you.
+
+10 For we have heard, how that the Lord
+dried up the waters of the Red Sea before
+you, wdien ye went forth out of Egypt ; and
+what ye have done unto the two kings of
+the Emorites, wlw were on the other side of
+the Jordan, unto Siclion and 'Og, whom ye
+have utterly destroyed.
+
+11 And when we heard this, our heart
+melted, and there remained not any more
+courage in any man, because of you ; for the
+Lord your God" is alone God in the heavens
+above, and upon the earth beneath.
+
+12 And now swear, I pray you, unto me
+by the Lord, because I have shown you kind-
+ness, that ye will also, for your part, show
+kindness, unto my father's house; and give
+me a sure token,
+
+13 That ye will pi*eserve the life of my
+father, and my mother, and my brothers, and
+my sisters, and all that they have, and deliver
+our lives from death.
+
+14 And the men said unto her. Our life
+shall be (doomed) to death instead of yours,
+if ye tell not this our business; and it shall
+be, when the Lord giveth us the land, that
+we will show thee kindness and truth.
+
+15 Then she let them dowm by a cord
+through the window ; for her house was with-
+iii the town wall, and within the wall she
+dwelt.
+
+16 And she said unto them, Get you to
+the mountain, lest the pursuers meet with
+you ; and hide yourselves there three days,
+until the pursuers be returned ; and afterward
+ye may go your wa}'.
+
+17 And the men said unto her. We Avill be
+blameless'^ of this thy oath which thou hast
+caused us to swear.
+
+18 Behold, when we come into the laud,
+this line of scarlet thread shalt thou bind in
+the window liy which thou hast let us down;
+and thy father, and thy mother, and thy
+
+
+" Lit '•They lay down."
+
+" This expression, among others found in the ]?ible,
+proves that the heathen nations around I'alestine had be-
+come familiar with the omnipotence of the LoRl>, and
+were convinced of the powerlessness of their idols.
+
+'' i. e. If the conditions subsequently stated should not
+be complied with
+
+
+JOSHUA II. III.
+
+
+brothers, and all thy father's househonkl, thou
+must bring together unto thee into the house.
+
+19 And it shall be, that whosoever will go
+out of the doors of thy house into the street,
+his blood shall be upon his head, and we will
+be guiltless; and whosoever will remain with
+thee m the house, his blood shall Ije on our
+head, if a hand be laid upon him.
+
+20 And if thou tell this our lousiness, then
+will we be free of thy oath which thou hast
+caused us to swear.
+
+21 And she said, Accoi-ding unto your
+words, so be it; and she dismissed them, and
+thev departed ; and she bound the scarlet line
+in tlie window.
+
+22 And they went, and came unto the
+mountain, and they remained there three
+days, until the pursuers were returned; and
+the pursuers sought throughout all the way,
+but found nothing.
+
+23 And tlie two men returned, and de-
+scended from the mountain, and passed over,
+and came to Joshua the sun of Nun, and re-
+lated to him all the things that had befallen
+them.
+
+24 And they said unto Joshua, Truly' the
+Lord hath given up into our hand all the
+country ; for all the iahal^itants of the country
+are already become faint-hearted because of
+us.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ][ And Joshua rose early in the morn-
+ing; and they broke up from Shittim, and
+came close to the Jordan, he and all the chil-
+dren of Israel ; and they lodged there before
+they passed over.
+
+2 And it came to pass at the end of three
+days, that the oflicers passed through the
+midst of the camp.
+
+3 And they commanded the people, say-
+ing. When ye see the ark of the covenant of
+the Lord your God, and the priests the Le-
+vites bearing it, then shall ye break up from
+your place, and go after it.
+
+4 Nevertheless there shall be a space be-
+tween you and it, of about two thousand cu-
+bits by measure : come not near unto it, in
+
+
+' Philippson translates 'a with ■' because," in accord-
+ance with many commentators who regard this verse as
+the end of the report which the spies brought to Joshua,
+which properly concludes with their reason for supposing
+
+
+oi'der that ye may know the way by which
+ye must go; for ye have not passed this way
+heretofore."
+
+5 ^ And Joshua said unto the people,
+Sanctify joursehes;" for to-morrow will the
+Lord do wonders in the midst of you.
+
+6 And Joshua said unto the priests, as fol-
+loweth. Take up the ark of the covenant, and
+pass over before the people. And they took
+up the ark of the covenant, and went 'before
+the people.
+
+7 Tl And the Lord said unto Joshua, This
+day will I begin to nuike thee great in the
+eyes of all Israel, that they may know that,
+as I was with Moses, so will I be with thee.
+
+8 And thou shalt command the priests that
+bear the ark of the covenant, saying. When
+ye are come to the brink of the waters of the
+Jordan, ye shall stand still in the Jordan.
+
+9 T[ And Joshua said unto tlie children of
+Israel, Approach hither, and hear the words
+of the Lord your God.
+
+10 And Joshua said, Hereby shall ye know
+that the living God is in the midst of you,
+and that he will without fail drive out from
+before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites,
+and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the
+Girgashites, and the Emorites, and the Jebu-
+sites.
+
+11 Behold, the ark of the covenant of the
+Lord of all the earth passeth over before you
+into the Jordan.
+
+12 And now take yourselves twelve men
+out of the tribes of Israel, one man each out of
+every tribe.
+
+13 And it shall come to pass, tliat as soon
+as the soles of the feet of the priests that bear
+the ark of the Lord, the Lord of all the earth,
+shall rest in the waters of the Jordan, the
+waters of the Jordan shall be cut oft', namely,
+the waters that come down from aljove; and
+they shall stand up as a wall.
+
+14 ^ And it came to pass, when the people
+bnjke up from their tents, to pass over the
+Jordan, and the priests the bearers of the ark
+of the covenant were before the people ;
+
+15 And as they that Ijore the ark were
+come up to the Jordan, and the feet of the
+
+
+that the conquest would be easy, both from natural causes
+and the divine aid.
+
+" Heb. "Since yesterday and the day before yesterday."
+
+° '-Be ready." — Sachs".
+
+
+259
+
+
+JOSHUA III. IV.
+
+
+priests that bore the ark were dipped in
+the edge of the water, (the Jordan, however,
+had overflowed aU its banks all the time of
+harvest,)
+
+16 That the waters which came down from
+above stood still and rose up as a wall, very
+far" from the city Adam, which is beside Zare-
+than; and those that ran down toward the
+sea of the plain, the salt sea, failed," were cut
+ofi'; aiid the people passed over opposite to
+Jericho.
+
+17 And the priests that bore the ark of the
+covenant of the Lord stood firm" on dry
+ground in the midst of the Jordan, and all
+the Israelites passed over on dry ground, until
+all the people had finished passing over the
+Jordan.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 And it came to pass, when all the peo-
+ple had finished passing over the Jordan,
+
+^ That the Lord said unto Joshua, as fol-
+loweth,
+
+2 Take yourselves twelve men out of the
+people, one man each out of every tribe,
+
+3 And command ye them, saying, Take
+yourselves hence out of the midst of the Jor-
+dan, out of the place where the priests' feet
+stood firmly, twelve stones, and ye shall carry
+them over with you, and leave them in the
+lodging-place, where ye will lodge this night.
+
+4 ^ Then did Joshua call the twelve men,
+whom he had appointed out of the children
+of Israel, one man each out of every tribe :
+
+5 And Joshua said unto them, Pass over
+before the ark of the Lord your God into the
+midst of the Jordan, and take yourselves up
+evei-y man one stone upon his shoulder, accord-
+ing unto the number of the tribes of the chil-
+dren of Israel;
+
+6 In order that this may be a sign among
+you, when your children ask in time to come,
+saying. What mean ye liy these stones?
+
+7 That ye shall answer them. That the
+waters of the Jordan were cut off before the
+ark of the covenant of the Lord; when it
+passed over the Jordan, the waters of the
+Jordan were cut oft'; and these stones shall
+
+
+be for a memorial unto the children of Israel
+for ever.
+
+8 And the children of Israel did so as
+Joshua had commanded; and they took up
+twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan,
+as the Lord had spoken unto Joshua, accord-
+ing to the number of the tribes of the chil-
+dren of Israel ; and they carried them over
+with them unto the place where they lodged,
+and laid them down there.
+
+9 Twelve stones also did Joshua set up in
+the midst of the Jordan, on the spot where
+the feet of the priests who bore the ark of
+the covenant had stood: and they have re-
+mained there unto this day.
+
+10 But the priests who bore the ark
+stood in the midst of the Jordan, until every
+thing was finished that the Lord had com-
+manded Joshua to speak unto the people, ac-
+cording to all that Moses had commanded
+Joshua ; and the people hastened and passed
+over.
+
+11 And it came to pass, when all the peo-
+ple had finished passing over, that the ark of
+the Lord passed over with the priests in the
+presence of the people.*
+
+12 And the children of Reiiben, and the
+children of Gad, and the half tribe of Menas-
+seh, passed over armed before the children
+of Israel, as Moses had spoken unto them:
+
+13 About forty thousand ready armed for
+war," did they pass over before the Lord unto
+battle, to the plains of Jericho.
+
+14 T[ On that day the Lord made Joshua
+l| great in the eyes of all Israel ; and they feared
+[[ him, as they had feared Moses, all the days of
+
+his life.
+
+15 ^ And the Lord said unto Joshua, as
+followeth,
+
+16 Command the priests that bear the ark
+of the testimony, that they come up out of the
+Jordan.
+
+17 And Joshua commanded the priests,
+saying, Come ye up out of the Jordan.
+
+18 And it came to pass, when the priests
+that bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord
+were come up out of the midst of the Jordan,
+the soles of the feet of the priests were lifted
+
+
+* I. c. Very f:ir from the point of" transit.
+
+■^ " Disappeared entirely." — Sachs. Wliichevcr way we
+render iniDJ ion it means tliat the water, haviui^ ecascd to
+flow from above, left tlie bed Iielow the spot indicated
+entirely dry.
+
+2t;o
+
+
+" "In iz:ood order." — Jonathan and Rashi.
+
+* Rashi ; Redak and others, " Before the people," which
+means that these waited on the shore till the priests came
+up, and passed on before them.
+
+' Lit. "Armed for the army."
+
+
+JOSHUA IV. V.
+
+
+tip unto the dry land, that the waters of
+tlie Jordan retiuiied unto their phxce, and
+Howed over all its hanks, as on the preceding
+days.
+
+19 And the people came up out of the Jor-
+dan on the tenth day of the iirst month, and
+encamped in Gilgal, on the extreme eastern
+border of Jericho.
+
+20 And those twelve stones, which they
+had taken out of the Jordan, did Joshua set
+up in Gilgah
+
+21 And he said unto the children of Israel,
+thus. When your children shall ask in time
+to come their fathers, saying, What mean
+these stones?
+
+22 Then shall ye let your children know,
+saying. On dry land did Israel pass over this
+Jordan ;
+
+23 That the Lord your God dried up the
+waters of the Jordan from before you, until
+ye were passed over, as the Lord your God
+did to the Red Sea, which he dried up from
+before us. until we were gone over;
+
+24 In order that all the nations of the
+earth may know the hand of the Lord, that
+it is mighty ; in order that ye may fear the
+Lord your God all the days.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, when all the
+kings of the Emorites, who were on the side
+of the Jordan westward, and all the kings of
+the Canaanites, who were by the sea, heard
+that the Lord had dried up the waters of the
+Jordan from before the children of Israel, un-
+til they were passed over, that their heart melt-
+ed, and there remained no more any courage
+in them, because of the cliildren of Israel.
+
+2 ^ At that time the Lord said unto
+Joshua, Make thee sharp knives," and circum-
+cise aga in' the eh i Idren of Israel the second time .
+
+3 And Joshua made himself sharp knives,
+and circumcised the children of Israel at the
+hill of 'Araloth.
+
+4 And this is the cause why Joshua did
+circumcise: All the people that came out of
+Egypt, the males, all the men of war, died in
+the wilderness on the way, after their going
+forth out of Egypt.
+
+
+' Others, " knives of sharp stones."
+i.r. Restore circumcision, which had been omitted for
+some time.
+
+
+5 For all the people that came out were
+circumcised ; but all the people that were born
+in the wilderness on the way at their going
+forth out of Egypt, they had not circumcised.
+
+G For during forty years the children of
+Israel wandered in the wilderness, till there
+was an end of all the peo})le, the men of war,
+who were come out of Egypt, who had not
+obeyed the voice of the Lord; unto whom the
+Lord had sworn that he would not let them
+see the land, which the Lord had sworn unto
+their fathers that he would give unto us, a
+land flowing with milk and honey.
+
+7 But their children he raised up in their
+stead: these did Joshua circumcise; for they
+were uncircumcised, because they had not
+circumcised them on the way.
+
+8 And it came to pass, when the whole
+people had all been circumcised, that they
+abode in their places in the camp till they
+were healed.
+
+9 ^ And the Lord said unto Joshua, This
+day have I rolled away the I'eproach of Egypt
+from off you. And lie called the name of the
+place Gilgal unto this day.
+
+10 And the children of Israel encamped in
+Gilgal, and they prepared the passover-offering
+on the fourteenth day of the month at evening
+in the plains of Jericho.
+
+11 And they ate of the corn of the land on
+the morrow after the jDassover-offering, un-
+
+! leavened cakes and parched corn, on the self-
+
+j same day.
+
+j 12 And the manna ceased on the morrow
+
+.after they had eaten of the corn of the land;
+
+j and the children of Israel had not any more
+manna; but they did eat of the product of
+the land of Canaan during that year.
+
+13 ^ And it came to pass, when Joshua
+was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and
+looked, and, behold, a man was standing over
+against him with his sw^ord drawn in his
+hand ; and Joshua went unto him, and said
+to him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?
+
+14 And he said. No; for I am a captain of
+the host of the Lord: now am I come. And
+Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and bowed
+himself, and said to him, What doth my lord
+speak unto his servant?
+
+
+° From hhi ;/<iMi\ ■' to roll." The meaning of the verse
+is probal)!^'. that now, as they had entered Palestine, the
+reproach that tliey would not do so was removed.
+
+2U1
+
+
+JOSHUA V. VI.
+
+
+15 And the captain of the Lord's host said
+unto Joshua, Put off thy shoe from off thy
+foot; for the pLace whereon thou standest is
+holy. And Joshua did so.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 Now Jericho was sliut up, and barred
+up, because of the children of Israel : no one
+went out, and no one came in.
+
+2 ]y And the Lord said unto Joshua, See,
+I have given into thy hand Jericho and its
+king, even the mighty men of valour.
+
+3 And ye shall compass the city, all the
+men of war, going round about the city once.
+Thus shalt thou do six days.
+
+4 And seven priests shall bear before the
+ark seven cornets of rams' horns ; and on the |
+seventh day shall ye compass the city seven
+times, and the priests shall blow with the
+cornets.
+
+0 And it shall come to pass, that, when
+they blow a long ijlast with the ram's liorn,
+when ye hear the sound of the cornet all the
+people shall utter a great shout ; and the wall
+of the city shall fall down flat," and the peo-
+ple shall ascend up every man straight before
+him.
+
+6 And Joshua the son of Nun called the
+priests, and said unto them, Take up the ark
+of the covenant, and let seven priests bear
+seven cornets of rams' horns before the ark of
+the Lord.
+
+7 And he said unto the people. Pass on,
+and compass the city, and let the armed men
+pass on before the ark of the Lord.
+
+8 And it came to pass, when Joshua had
+spoken unto the people, that the seven priests,
+bearing the seven cornets of rams' horns before
+the Lord, passed on and hlevr with the cor-
+nets; and the ark of the covenant of the
+Lord followed them.
+
+9 And the armed men went l^efore the
+priests that blew with the cornets, and the
+rereward came after the ark, going on, and
+blowing" with the cornets.
+
+10 And Joshua had commanded the peo-
+ple, saying, Ye shall not shout, nor let your
+voice be heard, neitlicr shall any word pro-
+ceed out of your mouth, until the day I bid
+you, Shout; and then sliall ye shout.
+
+
+11 So the ark of the Lord compassed the
+city, going round it once; and they came into
+the camp, and lodged in the camp.
+
+12 Tl And Joshua rose early in the morn-
+ing, and the priests took up the ark of the
+Lord.
+
+13 And the seven priests bearing seven cor-
+nets of rams' horns before the ark of the
+Lord went on continually, and blew Avith the
+cornets; and the armed men went before
+them; and the rereward came after the ark
+of the Lord, going on, and blowing with the
+cornets.
+
+14 And they compassed the city on the
+second day once, and returned into the camp:
+so did they six days.
+
+1-5 And it came to pass on the seventh day,
+that they rose early about the dawning of
+the day, and compassed the city after this
+manner seven times; only on that day they
+compassed the city seven times.
+
+IG And it came to pass at the seventh
+time, when the priest blew with the cornets,
+that Joshua' said unto the people. Shout;
+for the Lord hath given you the city.
+
+17 And the city shall be devoted, it, and
+all that is therein, to the Lord: only Rachab
+the harlot shall live, she and all that are with
+her in the house; because she did hide the
+messengers that we sent.
+
+18 But ye, keep yourselves from the devot-
+ed things, lest ye devote and yet take of the
+devoted things, and make the camp of Israel
+a curse, and trouble it.
+
+19 And all the silver, and gold, and ves-
+sels of copper and iron, shall be holy unto the
+Lord: into the treasury of the Lord shall
+they come.
+
+20 So the people shouted, when they blew
+with the cornets; and it came to pass, when
+the people heard the sound of the cornet,
+that the people uttered a great shout, and
+the wall fell down flat, and the people went
+up into the city, every man straight before
+him, and they captured the city.
+
+21 And they utterly destroyed all that was
+in the city, both man and woman, young and
+old, and ox, and lamb, and ass, with the edge
+of the sword.
+
+22 But unto the two men that had spied
+
+
+Lit. " Under itself."
+
+
+e. The priests ;
+262
+
+
+'and the priests went on and blew,'
+
+
+Jonathan; and it then means that the whole army moved
+on amid the sound of tho cornets blown by the priests.
+
+
+JOSHUA VI. VII.
+
+
+out the country, Joshua said, Go into the
+house of the woman, the harlot, and bring
+out thence the woman, and all belonging to
+her, as ye have sworn unto her.
+
+23 And the young men, the spies, went in,
+and brought out Raohab, and her hither, and
+her mother, and her brothers, and all belong-
+ing to her; and they brought out all her kin-
+dred," and they left them without* the camp
+of Israel.
+
+24 And the city they burnt with fire, and all
+that was therein : only the silver, and the gold,
+and the vessels of copper and of iron, they
+put into the treasury of tlie house of the Lord.
+
+25 And Racliab the harlot did Joshua save
+alive, and lier father's household, and all be-
+longing to her; and she dwelt in the midst
+of Israel even unto this day ; l^ecause she had
+hidden the messengers, whom Joshua had sent
+to spy out Jericho.
+
+26 ^ And Joshua adjured (tlie people) at
+that time, saying, Cursed be the man before
+the Lord, that will rise up and build this
+city Jericho : with" his first-liorn shall he lay
+its foundation, and with his youngest shall
+he set up its gates.
+
+27 ][ And the Lord was with Joshua; and
+his fame was spread throughout all the
+country.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 But the children of Israel committed a
+trespass on the devoted things; for 'Achan,
+the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the
+son of Zerach, of the tribe of Judah, took
+of the devoted things: and the anger of the
+Lord was kindled against the children of
+Israel.
+
+2 ^ And Joshua sent men from Jericho to
+'Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east
+side of Beth-el, and said unto them, thus. Go
+up and spy out the country. And the men
+went up and spied out 'Ai.
+
+3 And they returned to Joshua, and said
+unto him. Let not all the people go up; but
+let about two or three tliousand men go up
+and smite 'Ai: do not fatigue all the people
+(to go) thither; for they are but few.
+
+4 So there went up thither of the people
+
+
+? Heb. " families."
+
+' Because she had not yet renounced idols. — KiMCHi.
+
+° Meaning that the first-born shall die when he lays
+
+
+about three thousand men; and they fled be-
+fore the men of 'Ai.
+
+5 And the men of 'Ai smote of them about
+thirty and six men ; and they chased them
+from before the gate unto the stone-quarries,
+and smote them on the declivity (of the hill) ;
+wherefore the heart of the people melted,
+and became as water.
+
+(1 And Joshua rent his clothes, and fell
+upon his face to the earth before the ark of
+the Lord until the evening, he with the
+elders of Israel, and they put dust upon tlieir
+head.
+
+7 And Joshua said, Alas, 0 Lord Eternal,
+wherefore hast thou caused this people to pass
+over the Jordan, to deliver ns into the hand
+of the Emorites, to destroy us ? and oh ! tliat
+we had been content, and dwelt on the other
+side of the Jordan !
+
+8 I pray thee, 0 Lord, what shall I say,
+since Israel have turned their back before
+their enemies ?
+
+9 And when the Canaanites and all the
+inhabitants of the land will hear of it, they
+will environ us round, and cut off our name
+from the earth; and what wilt thou do lor
+thy great name?
+
+1 0 ^[ And the Lord said unto Josh ua,Get thee
+up; wherefore liest thou upon thy face.
+
+11 Israel hath sinned, and they have also
+transgressed my covenant which I have com-
+manded them; and they have also taken of
+the devoted things, and have also stolen, and
+have also dissembled, and they have also put
+it into their own vessels.
+
+12 Therefore will the children of Israel not
+be able to stand up before tlieir enemies; their
+back will they turn before their enemies, be-
+cause they have become accursed : I will not
+be any more with you, except ye destroy the
+accursed from among you.
+
+13 Rise up, sanctify the people, and say.
+Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow; for
+thus hath said the Lord the God of Israel,
+An accursed thing is in the midst of thee, 0
+Israel: thou shalt not be able to stand up
+before thy enemies, until ye have removed
+the accursed from among you.
+
+14 And ye shall be brought near'' in the
+
+the foundation, and when the gates are hung the whole
+family shall cease with the death of the youngest.
+■* /. e. T5c brought to the entrance of the tabernaclea.
+
+i'6a
+
+
+JOSHUA vn. vm.
+
+
+moi'ning according to your tribes : and it shall
+be, that the tiibe which the Lord will seize"
+shall come near according to its families ; and
+the flxmily which the Lord will seize shall
+come near by households; and the household
+which the Lord shall seize will come near
+by its men.
+
+15 And it shall be, that he that is seized
+with the accui'sed thing shall be burnt with
+fire, he and all that he hath; because he hath
+transgressed the covenant of the Lord, and
+because he hath wrought wickedness in Israel.
+
+16 ^ So Joshua rose up early in the morn-
+ing, and brought Israel near by their tribes,
+and the tribe of Judah was seized;
+
+17 And he In-ought near the family of
+Judah, and he seized the family of the Zarch-
+ites ; and he brought near the family of the
+Zarchites by its men, and Zabdi was seized;
+
+18 And he brought near his household by
+its men, and 'Achan, the son of Carmi, the
+son of Zabdi, the son of Zerach, of the tribe
+of Judah, was seized.
+
+19 And Joshua said unto 'Achan, My son,
+give, I pray thee, glory to the Lord, the God
+of Israel, and make confession unto him ; and
+tell me, I pray thee, what thou hast done:
+hide nothing from me.
+
+20 And 'Achan answered Joshua, and said,
+Truly ! I have indeed sinned against the Lord
+the God of Israel, and thus and thus have I
+done:
+
+21 I saw among the spoil a handsome
+Babylonish'' mantle, and two hundred shekels
+of silver, and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels
+in weight, and I coveted them, and took them ;
+and, l)ebold, they are hidden in the earth in
+the midst of my tent, with the silver beneath
+the same.
+
+22 Joshua thereupon sent messengers, and
+they ran unto the tent; and, behold, it was
+hidden in his tent, and the silver beneath it.
+
+2.3 And they took them out of the midst
+of the tent, and brought them unto Joshua,
+and unto all the children of Israel, and they
+laid" them out before the Lord.
+
+24 And Joshua took 'Achan the son of
+
+" By the lot.
+
+'' l^Jty mix "a splendid or costly robe of Shinar," the
+plain in which Babylon stood. Boohart and Calmet have
+shown at large that Babylonish robes were very splendid,
+and in high reputation.
+
+° Ileb. "poured."
+264
+
+
+Zerach, and the silver, and the mantle, and
+the wedge of gold, and his sons, and hi.«
+daughters, and his ox, and his ass, and his
+sheep, and his tent, and all that he had, and
+all Israel were with him, and they brought
+them up'' unto the valley of 'Achoi*.
+
+25 And Joshua said. How hast thou trou-
+bled us! so shall the Lord trouble thee this
+day. And all Israel stoned him with stones,
+and burnt them with fire, after they had
+stoned" them with stones.
+
+26 And they raised over him a great heap
+of stones (which is) unto this day; and the
+Lord tiu-ned from the fierceness of his anger.
+Wherefore the name of that place was called,
+The valley of 'Achor,*^ unto this day.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 *|[ And the Lord said unto Joshua, Fear
+not, neither be thou discouraged : take with
+thee all the people of war, and arise, go up to
+'Ai ; see, I have given into thy hand the king of
+'Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land.
+
+2 And thou shalt do to 'Ai and to its king
+as thou hast done unto Jericho and its king;
+only its spoil and its cattle shall ye take for
+booty unto yourselves; but lay thee an ambush
+for the city in its rear.
+
+3 So Joshua arose, and all the people of
+war, to go up against 'Ai : and Joshua choj5e
+out thirty thousand mighty men of valour,
+and sent them away by night.
+
+4 And he commanded them, saying. Be-
+hold, ye shall lie in wait against the city, in
+the rear of the city ; go not very far from the
+city ; and be ye all ready ;
+
+5 And I, and all the peojile that are with
+me, will approach unto the city ; and it shall
+come to pass that, when they come out against
+us, as at the first time, we will flee before them;
+
+6 And they will come out after us, till we
+have drawn them from the city ; for they will
+say. They flee before us as at the first time:
+and we will flee before them.
+
+7 And then shall ye rise up from the am-
+bush, and take possession of the city ; and the
+Lord your God will deliver it in into your hand.
+
+
+'' Probably it was necessary to go up a hill before they
+could approach the valley.
+
+' The cattle belonging to him, and all his effects, were
+burnt; both children and friends were no doubt merely
+brought out to see the punishment.
+
+' That is, (rouble.
+
+
+JOSHUA vm.
+
+
+8 And it shall be, that as soon as 3'e have
+seized the city, ye shall set tlie city on fire;
+according to the word of the Lord shall ye
+do: see, I have commanded you.
+
+9 And Joshua sent them off: and they
+went to lie in ambush, and remained be-
+tween Beth-el and 'Ai, on the west side of
+'Ai; but Joshua lodged that night among
+the people.
+
+10 Tl And Joshua rose up early in the
+morning, and ninnbered the people, and went
+up, he and the elders of Israel, before the
+people, toward 'Ai.
+
+11 And all the people" of war that were
+with him went up, and drew nigh, and came
+opposite the city, and encamped on the north
+side of 'Ai ; and the valley was between them
+and 'Ai.
+
+12 And he took about five thousand men,*'
+and set them as an ambush between Beth-el
+and 'Ai, on the west side of 'Ai.
+
+13 And the people, all the camp that was
+on the north of the city, and its ambush on
+the west of the city got ready ;" and Joshua
+went that night into the midst of the valley.
+
+14 And it came to pass, when the king of
+'Ai saw this, the men of the city hastened
+and rose up early, and went out against Israel
+to battle, he and all his people, at the time
+appointed, before the plain; but he knew not
+that there was an ambush against him in the
+rear of the city.
+
+15 And Joshua and all Israel feigned them-
+selves beaten before them, and fled by the
+way of the wilderness.
+
+16 And all the people that were in 'Ai
+were called together to pursue after them;
+and they pursued after Joshua, and were
+drawn away from the city.
+
+17 And there was not a man left in 'Ai or
+Beth-el, that went not out after Israel; and
+they left the city open, and pursued after
+Israel.
+
+18 T[ And the Lord said unto Joshua,
+Stretch out the spear'' that is in thy hand to-
+ward 'Ai; for into thy hand will I give it.
+And Joshua stretched out the spear which
+was in his hand toward the city.
+
+19 And the ambush arose quickly out of
+
+' nonSon Diti stands for " the people, who were □;? the
+people of war;" our text gives the sense merely.
+
+' Rashi thinks that this means a second ambush nearer
+the city than the first; else it should be "had taken."
+2 I
+
+
+their place, and they ran as soon as ho
+stretched out his hand; and they entered into
+the city, and took possession of it, and hast^
+ened and set the city on fire.
+
+20 And the men of 'Ai turned (and looked)
+behind them, and they saw, and, behold, the
+smoke of the city ascended up to heaven ; and
+they had no power to flee this way or that
+way; and the people that had fled to the wil-
+derness turned back upon the pursuers.
+
+21 For when Joshua and all Israel saw
+that the ambush had seized the city, and that
+the smoke of the city ascended : they turned
+back, and smote the men of 'Ai.
+
+22 And the others issued out of the city
+against them; so that the Israelites had them
+in the middle, some on this side, and some on
+that side; and they smote them, until there
+was not left of them one that remained or
+escaped.
+
+2.3 And the king of 'Ai they caught alive,
+and brought him to Joshua.
+
+24 And it came to pass, that, when Israel
+had made an end of slaying all the inhabit-
+ants of 'Ai in the field, in the wilderness
+wherein they had pursued them, and when
+they were all fallen by the edge of the sword,
+until they were consumed,
+
+][ All the Israelites returned unto 'Ai, and
+smote it with the edge of the sword.
+
+25 And (the number of) all that fell in
+that day, both of men and women, was twelve
+thousand, all the people of 'Ai.
+
+26 And Joshua drew not back his hand,
+wherewith he had stretched out the spear,
+until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabit-
+ants of 'Ai.
+
+27 Only the cattle and the spoil of that
+city Israel took as booty unto themselves, ac-
+cording to the word of the Lord which he
+had commanded Joshua.
+
+28 And Joshua burnt 'Ai, and made it a
+ruinous heap of desolation for ever, even unto
+this day,
+
+29 And the king of 'Ai he hanged on a
+tree until eventide; and at the going down of
+the sun, Joshua commanded, and they took
+his carcass down from the tree and cast it at
+the entrance of the city gate, and they raised
+
+
+° Di'n 10'15''1. This means preparing for an attack near
+the wall to fight. — RAsni.
+
+■* This means the spear on which was the banner. —
+MiOHLOL YoPHi. But Philippson gives "javelin."
+
+265
+
+
+JOSHUA VTIl. IX.
+
+
+over kim a great heap of stones, (which is)
+even unto this day.
+
+30 T[ Then did Joshua build an altar unto
+the Lord, the God of Israel on mount 'Ebal,
+
+31 As Moses the servant of the Lord had
+commanded the children of Israel, as it is
+written in the book of the law of Moses," an
+altar of whole stones, over which no one had
+lifted up any iron tool; and they offered
+thereon burnt-offerings unto the Lord, and
+sacrificed peace-offerings.
+
+32 And he wrote there upon the stones a
+copy of the law of Moses, which he'' wrote in
+the presence of the children of Israel.
+
+33 And all Israel, and their elders, and
+the officers, and their judges, stood on this
+side and on that side of the ark, opposite the
+priests the Levites, who bore the ark of the
+covenant of the Lord, the stranger no less
+than the native born: half of them turned
+toward mount Gerizzim, and the other half of
+them turned toward mount 'Ebal; as Moses
+the servant of the Lord had commanded, to
+bless the people of Israel at first."
+
+34 And afterward he read all the words
+of the law, the blessing and the curse, all,
+just as it is written in the book of the
+law.
+
+35 There was not a word of all that Moses
+had commanded, which Joshua did not read
+before all the congregation of Israel, with the
+women, and the little ones, and the stranger
+that walked in the midst of them.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^f And it came to pass, when all the
+kings that were on this side of the Jordan,
+in the mountain, and in the lowlands, and in
+all the coast of the great sea opposite Leba-
+non, the Ilittites, and the Emorites, the Car
+naanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the
+Jebusites, heard this,
+
+2 That they assembled themselves all to-
+gether, to fight with Joshua and with Israel,
+with one accord.
+
+3 ^ And when the inhabitants of Gib'on
+
+
+• Deut. .xxvii. 5, 6.
+
+*■ " Wliich lie (Moses) had prescribed to the," &c. —
+Sachs.
+
+' Some explain, "first to bless, and then to pronounce
+the curse." (Deut. xxviii.) Others, "the first time."
+
+'' The word "also" Herxheimcr refers to the manner
+in which '.\i was taken, by stratagem. n'DX'i rendered
+:;gb
+
+
+heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho
+and unto 'Ai,
+
+4 They also" did work wilily, and went
+and feigned to be messengers, and took old
+sacks for their asses, and wine-bottles, old,
+and rent, and bound up;
+
+5 And (put) old and patched-up shoes
+upon their feet, and old garments upon them-
+selves; and all the bread of their provision
+was dry and mouldy.
+
+6 And they went to Joshua unto the camp
+at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men
+of Israel, We are come from a far-off country ;
+and now make ye a covenant with us.
+
+7 And the men" of Israel said unto the
+j Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell in the midst
+
+of us; and how can we make a covenant with
+you?
+
+8 And they said unto Joshua. We are thy
+servants. And Joshua said unto tliem, Who
+are ye? and whence come ye?
+
+9 And they said unto bjm. From a very
+far-off country are thy servants come, because
+of the name of the Lord thy God; for we
+have heard his fame, and all that lie hath
+done in Egypt;
+
+10 And all that he hath done to the two
+kings of the Emorites, that were beyond
+the Jordan, to Sichon the king of Cheslibon,
+and to 'Og the king of Bashan, who was at
+'Ashtaroth.
+
+11 Wherefore our elders and all the in-
+habitants of our country said to us, as follow-
+eth. Take provisions with you'' for the jour-
+ney, and go to meet them, and say unto them,
+Your servants are we: and now make ye with
+us a covenant.
+
+12 This our bread we took hot for our
+provision out of our houses on the day we
+came forth to go unto you ; and now, behold,
+it is dry, and it is become mouldy :
+
+13 And these wine-bottles, which we filknl,
+when new, — but behold, they are now become
+rent; and these om- garments and our shoes
+are become worn out by reason of the very
+long journey.
+
+
+here in accordance with Rashi, is given by Philippson
+and Herxhcinier with "and commeneed their journey-
+ing," from the Arabic ^xx "to go." — The wine-bottles in
+the East arc made of skins, which naturally crtick from age.
+
+'Lit. "The man of Israel;" and so "me," "I," no
+doubt referring to Joshua as speaking for Israel.
+
+' ITcb. " In your hand."
+
+
+JOSHUA IX. X.
+
+
+14 And the iiR'ii took of their provisions,
+but the decision of the Lord they did not ask.
+
+15 And Joshuu made peace with them,
+and made a covenant with them, to let them
+live; and the princes of the congregation
+swore unto them.
+
+16 And it came to pass at the end of three
+days after they had made a covenant with
+them, that they heard that they were their
+neighbours, and that they dwelt in the midst
+of them.
+
+17 And the children of Israel broke up,
+and came unto their cities on the third day;
+and their cities were Gib'on, and Kephirah,
+and Beeroth, and Kiryath-ye'arim.
+
+18 And the children of Israel smote them
+not; because the princes of the congregation
+had sworn unto them by the Lord, the God
+of Israel; but all the congregation murmured
+against the princes.
+
+19 And all the princes said unto all the
+congregation. We have sworn unto them by
+the Lord the God of Israel ; and now we
+cannot touch them.
+
+20 This" will we do to them, and we will
+let them live, that there be no wrath upon
+us, on account of the oath which we have
+sworn unto them.
+
+21 And the princes said unto them. Let
+them live: and they became hewers of wood
+and drawers of water unto all the congrega-
+tion, as the princes had spoken unto them.
+
+22 *(\ And Joshua called for them, and he
+spoke unto them, saying. Wherefore have ye
+deceived us, saying, We are very far from
+you : whereas ye dwell in the midst 'of us ?
+
+23 And now be ye cursed, and there shall
+not cease to be'' of you servants and hewers of
+wood and drawers of water for the house of
+my God.
+
+24 And they answered Joshua, and said,
+Because it was certainly told thy servants,
+how that the Lord thy God had commanded
+Ills servant Moses to give unto you all the
+land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the
+land from before you ; wherefore we were sore
+afraid for our lives because of you, and we
+have done this thing.
+
+
+' rtefen-ing to next verse. The condition is not express-
+ed, but Clin easily be inferred, that tlio employment of the
+(lib'onites was in accord;inee therewith.
+
+' i. e. "You shall be always servants," &c. "Unto all
+
+
+25 And now, behold, we are in thy hand;
+as it seemeth good and right in thy eyes to
+do unto us, so do.
+
+20 And he did unto them thus ; and he de-
+livered them out of the hand of the children
+of Israel, and they slew them not.
+
+27 And Joshua appointed them on that day
+hewers of wood and drawers of water for the
+congregation, and for the altar of the Lord,
+even unto this day, for the place which he
+should choose.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ Now it came to pass, when Adoni-
+zedek the king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua
+had captured 'Ai, and had utterly destroyed it;
+(that) as he had done to Jericho and its king,
+so had he done to 'Ai and its king; and that
+the inhabitants of Gib'on had made peace with
+Israel, and were in the midst of them :
+
+2 That they were greatly afraid; because
+Gib'on was a great city, like one of the royal
+cities, and because it was greater than 'Ai,
+and all the men thereof were mighty.
+
+3 Therefore Adoni-zedek the king of Je-
+rusalem sent unto Ilohani the king of Hebron,
+and unto Piram the king of Yarmuth, and
+unto Yaphia' the king of Lachish, and unto
+Debir the king of 'Eglon, saying,
+
+4 Come up unto me, and help me, that we
+may smite Gib'on; for it hath made peace
+with Joshua and with the children of Israel.
+
+5 And the five kings of the Emorites, the
+king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king
+of Yarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king
+of 'Eglon, assembled themselves together, and
+went up, they and all their camps, and en-
+camped before Gib'on, and made war against it.
+
+6 And the men of Gib'on sent unto Joshua
+to the camp to Gilgal, saying, Do not with-
+draw thy hand from thy servants: come up to
+us quickly, and save us, and help us; for all
+the kings of the Emorites that dwell in the
+mountains are assembled together against us.
+
+7 And Joshua went up from Gilgal, he, and
+all the people of war with him, and all the
+mighty men of valour.
+
+8 T[ And the Lord said unto Joshua, Be not
+
+the congregation," of verse 21, would seem therefore to be
+limited here "for the temple service," in lieu of the peo-
+ple, who should hereafter not perform these peculiar
+functions.
+
+267
+
+
+JOSHUA X.
+
+
+afraid of them; for into thy hand have I de-
+livered them : there shall not stand a man of
+them before thee.
+
+9 And Joshua came unto them suddenly;
+the whole night he went up from Gilgal.
+
+10 And the Lord brought them in confu-
+sion before Israel, and they smote" them with
+a great slaughter at Gib'on, and pursued them
+by the way of the ascent to Beth-choron, and
+smote them up to 'Azekah, and up to Mak-
+kedah.
+
+11 And it came to pass, as they fled from
+before Israel, while they were in the declivity
+of Beth-choron, that the I^ord cast down upon
+them great stones from heaven, up to 'Azekah,
+and they died : there were more who died by
+means of the hailstones than those whom the
+children of Israel had slain with the sword.
+
+12 ^[ Then spoke Joshua to the Lord on
+the day when the Lord delivered up the
+Emorites before the children of Israel, and
+he said before the eyes of Israel, Sun, stand*"
+thou still upon Gibon; and thou. Moon, in the
+valley of Ayalon.
+
+13 And the sun stood still, and the moon
+stayed, until the people had avenged them-
+selves upon their enemies. Is not this writ-
+ten in the book of Yashar? And" the sun
+stood still in the midst of the heavens, and
+hastened not to go down about a whole day.
+
+14 And there was no day like that before
+it or after it, that the Lord hearkened unto
+the voice of a man; for the Lord fought for
+Israel.
+
+15 ^ And Joshua returned, and all Israel
+with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.
+
+16 But these five kings fled, and hid them-
+selves in the cave at Makkedah.
+
+17 And it was told to Joshua, saying, The
+five kings have been found hidden in the cave
+at Makkedah.
+
+18 And Joshua said. Roll great stones to
+the mouth of the cave, and set men over it
+to guard them ;
+
+19 But you, do ye not stay, pursue after
+
+
+° t. c. Israel.
+
+^ A liviiii^ writer in the Eiii^lisli Jewish paper explains
+tliis passaf^e, that Jcishua coiiiniaiided the sun nat to shed
+his li;^ht., but to be obscured, DT " silent," so tliat the moon
+appeared ; and only wlien the darkness was eleared up,
+which was at midday, the sun reappeared, as natural, in
+the midst of heaven, and tlien set at the clo.se of day.
+If tliis exposition Le correct, the only miracle was that the
+i08
+
+
+your enemies, and smite the hindmost of
+them I** suffer them not to enter into their
+cities; for the Lord your God hath delivered
+them into your hand.
+
+20 And it came to pass, when Joshua and
+the childi-en of Israel had made an end of
+smiting them with a very great defeat, till
+they were all spent, and those that escaped
+had fied from tliem and entered into the forti-
+fied cities,
+
+21 That all the people returned to the
+camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace: no
+one pointed against any° man of the children
+of Israel his tongue.
+
+22 Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of
+the cave, and bring out unto me those five
+kings out of the cave.
+
+23 And they did so, and brought forth
+unto him those five kings out of the cave, the
+king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the
+king of Yarmuth, the king of Lachish, the
+king of 'Eglon.
+
+24 And it came to pass, when they brought
+out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua
+called for all the men of Isra<?l, and said unto
+the chiefs of the men of war who had gone
+with him, Come near, put your feet upon the
+necks of these kings. And they came near,
+and put their feet upon their necks.
+
+25 And Joshua said unto them, Fear not,
+nor be disheartened, be strong and of good
+courage; for thus will the Lord do unto all
+your enemies against whom ye fight.
+
+26 And Joshua smote them aftei-ward, and
+slew them, and hanged them on five trees ;
+and they remained hanging upon the trees
+until the evening.
+
+27 And it came to pass at the time of the
+going down of the sun, that Joshua command-
+ed, and they took them down from the trees,
+and cast them into the cave wherein they had
+been hidden; and they placed great stones
+upon the mouth of the cave, (which remain)
+even until this very day.
+
+28 T[ And Joshua captured Makkedah on
+
+sun was obscured at the moment it was needed for Israel
+to pursue their enemies in the darlc. Ingenious as it is,
+it is not in consonance with the received opinion.
+
+° Some suppose that these words are literally quoted
+from the book of Yashar.
+
+■* "Assail them in the rear." — Sachs.
+
+" This has been rendered as though the text read
+'7X^B'' "JDO lys^. (See also Exod. xi. 7.)
+
+
+JOSHUA X. XL
+
+
+that day. ami smote it with tlie edge of the
+sword, and its king he devoted, then), and all
+the souls that were therein; he left none that
+escaped ; and he did to the king of Makkedah
+as he had done unto the king of Jericho.
+
+29 ][ Then did Joshua, and all Israel with
+him, pass from Makkedah unto Libnah; and
+he fought against Libnah;
+
+30 And the Lord delivered it also into the
+hand of Israel, with its king; and he smote it
+with the edge of the sword, and all the souls
+that were therein ; he left none in it that es-
+caped; and. he did unto its king as he had
+done uuto the king of Jericho.
+
+31 ][ And Joshua, and all Israel with
+him, passed from Libnah unto Lachish, and
+encamped against it, and fought against it;
+
+32 And the Lord delivered Lachish into
+the hand of Israel ; and he captured it on the
+second day, and smote it with the edge of the
+sword, and all the souls that were therein :
+just as he had done to Libnah.
+
+33 Tf Then came up Iloram the king of
+Gezer to help Lachish ; and Joshua smote him
+and his people, until he had left him none
+that escaped.
+
+34 ][ And Joshua and all Israel with him
+passed from Lachish unto 'Eglon; and they
+encamped against it, and fought against it;
+
+35 And they captured it on that day, and
+smote it with the edge of the sword ; and all
+the souls that were therein he devoted on that
+day: just as he had done to Lachish.
+
+36 ]f And Joshua and all Israel with him
+went up from 'Eglon unto Hebron; and they
+fought against it;
+
+37 And they captured it, and smote it with
+the edge of the sword, and its king, and all
+its cities, and all the souls that were therein ;
+he left none that escaped, ju.st as he had done
+to 'Eglon ; and he devoted it, and all the
+souls that were therein.
+
+38 ][ And Joshua and all Israel with him
+returned to Debir; and fought against it;
+
+39 And he captured it, and its king, and
+all its cities; and they smote them with the
+edge of the sword, and devoted all the souls
+that were therein ; lie left none that escaped :
+as he had done to Hebron, so did he to De]:)ir
+and to its king; and as he had done to Lib-
+nah and to its king.
+
+' A district in the mountain of Judah.
+
+"" This is rendered by the Targiim "sea-water ditches,"
+
+
+40 ][ And Joshua smote all the country-,
+the mountain, and the south, and the low-
+lands, and the declivities, and all their
+kings; he left none that escaped; and all that
+breathed he utterly destroyed, as the Lord,
+the God of Israel had commanded.
+
+41 And Joshua smote them from Kadesh-
+barnea even unto Gazzah, and all the country
+of Goshen," even up to Gibon.
+
+42 And all these kings and their land did
+Joshua ca})ture at one time; because the Lord,
+the God of Israel fought for Israel.
+
+43 And Joshua returned, and all Israel
+with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 T[ And it came to pass, that,^vhen Yabin
+the king of Chazor heard these things, he sent
+to Yobab the king of Madon,and to the king
+of Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph,
+
+2 And to the kings that were at the north,
+on the mountains, and in the plains, south of
+Kinneroth. and in the lowlands, and in the
+district of Dor on the west,
+
+3 To the Canaanites on the east and on
+the west, and to the Emorites, and the Hit-
+tites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites in
+the mountains, and to the Hivites under Cher-
+mon in the land of Mizpah.
+
+4 And they went out, they and all tlieir
+camps with them, much people, even as
+the sand that is upon the sea-shore in mul-
+titude, and with very many horses and cha-
+riots.
+
+5 And all these kings assembled them-
+selves together, and they came and encamped
+together at the waters of Merom, to fight
+against Israel.
+
+6 ^ And the Lord said unto Joshua, Be
+not afraid because of them; tor to-morrow
+about this time will I give all of them up
+slain Ijefore Israel : their horses shalt thou
+hamstring and their chariots .shalt thou burn
+with fire.
+
+7 And Joshua and all the people of war
+with him came upon them by the waters of
+Merom suddenly ; and they fell upon them.
+
+8 And the Lord delivered them into the
+hand of Israel, who smote them, and pursued
+tliem unto great Zidon, and unto Missrephoth-
+mayim,*' and unto the valley of Mizpeh east-
+
+which Rashi supposes were made to draw oif the sea-
+water, which evaporating, was converted into salt. Others
+
+
+JOSHUA XI. XII.
+
+
+ward; and they smote them, until they left
+them none that escaped.
+
+9 And Joshua did unto them as the Lord
+had said unto him: their horses he ham-
+stringed and their chariots he burnt with fire.
+
+10 ^ And Joshua at tliat time turned back,
+and captured Chazor, and its kings he smote
+with the sword; for Chazor aforetimes was
+the head of all these kingdoms.
+
+11 And they smote all the souls that were
+therein with the edge of the sword, and de-
+voted them; there was not left any one hav-
+ing breath ; and Chazor he hvwnt with fire.
+
+12 And all the cities of these kings, and all
+their kings, did Joshua capture, and he smote
+them with the edge of the sword, and he de-
+voted them, as Moses the servant of the Lord
+had commanded.
+
+13 But as for the cities that had been left
+standing in their strength," these did Israel
+not burn: save Chazor only did Joshua
+burn.
+
+14 And all the spoil of thfese cities, and
+the cattle, did the children of Israel take as
+booty unto themselves; but all the men they
+smote with the edge of the sword, until they
+had destroyed them : they left not any one
+having breath.
+
+15 As the Lord had commanded Moses
+his servant, so did Moses command Joshua,
+and so did Joshua: he left nothing undone
+of all that the Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+16 And Joshua took all that land, the
+mountain, and all the south country, and all
+the land of Goshen, and the lowlands, and the
+plain, and the mountain of Israel, and its
+lowlands;
+
+17 From the ])ald mountain that goeth up
+to Se'ir, even unto Baal-gad in the valley of
+Lebanon under mount Chermon ; and all their
+kings he captured, and smote them, and slew
+tliem.
+
+18 A long time did Joshua make war Avith
+all these kings.
+
+19 There was not a city that made peace
+with tlie children of Israel, save the Hivites
+the inhabitants of Cib'on: the whole they
+took by war.
+
+20 For of the Lokd it was to harden their
+
+
+suppose the words to mean "burning springs," as those
+of Tiberias; others again, that it was merely a name, as
+ju our text.
+
+' Sn elsewhere "heap," is given by Jonathan here "in
+270
+
+
+heart, that they should come against Israel
+in battle, in order to 'iestroy them utterly,
+that they might obtai/> no fevour; but in
+order that he might exterminate them, as
+the Lord had commanded Moses.
+
+21 ^ And Joshua came at that time, and
+cut oft' the 'Anakim from the mountains, from
+Hebron, from Debir, from 'Anab, and from
+the whole mountain of Judali, and from the
+whole mountain of Israel : with their cities did
+Joshua destroy them utterly.
+
+22 There was none of the 'Anakim left in
+the land of the children of Israel: only in
+Gazzah, in Gath, and in Ashdod, there remain-
+ed some.
+
+2.3 And Joshua' took the whole land, all
+just as the Lord had spoken unto Moses;
+and Joshua, gave it for an inheritance unto
+Israel, according to their divisions by their
+tribes. And the land rested from war.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 T[ And these are the kings of the land
+whom the children of Israel smote, and whose
+land they took pos.sessiou of on the other side
+of the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun,
+from the river Anion unto mount Chermon,
+and all the plain on the east:
+
+2 Sichon the king of the Emorites, who
+dwelt in Cheshbon, and ruled from 'Aro'er,
+which is upon the banlc of the brook Arnon,
+and over the land in the middle of the brook,
+and from half Gil'ad, even unto tiie brook
+Yabljok, the boundary of the children of 'Am-
+nion ;
+
+3 And over the plain up to the sea of
+Kinneroth on the east, and up to the sea of the
+plain, the salt sea on the east, on the way to
+Beth-hayeshimoth ; and at the south, under
+the declivities of Pisgah ;
+
+4 And the territory of 'Og the king of Ba-
+shan, who was of the remnant of the Repha'im,
+that dwelt at 'Ashtaroth and at Edre'i,
+
+5 And reigned over mount Chermon, and
+over Salcliah, and over all Bashan, unto the
+border of the Geshurites and the Ma'acha-
+thites, and lialf Gil'ad, (to) the boundary of
+Sichon the king of Cheshbon.
+
+6 These did Moses the servant of the Lord
+
+
+their strength," meaning that they had not been destroyed
+during the conquest. Others render, "on their hills,"
+/'. ''. the mountain-towns, which were naturally easily de-
+fended.
+
+
+JOSHUA XII. XIII.
+
+
+and the childreu of Israel smite ; and Moses
+the servant of the Lord gave it for a posse.s-
+sion unto the Keiibenites, and the Gadites.
+and the half tribe of Menasseh.
+
+7 ]f And these are the kings of the country
+whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote
+on this side of the Jordan on the west, from
+]>a;il-,i;;ul in the valley of Lebanon as far as
+the bald mountain, that goeth up to Seir; and
+Joshua gave it unto the tribes of Israel for a
+possession, according to their divisions;
+
+8 In the mountains, and in the lowlands,
+and in the plain, and in the declivities, and
+hi the wilderness, and in the south country :
+the Hittites, the Eniorites, and the Canaan-
+ites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Je-
+busites.
+
+9 ][ The king of Jericho, one ; the king of
+'Ai, which was beside Beth-el, one;
+
+10 The king of Jerusalem, one ; the king
+of Hebron, one ;
+
+11 The king of Yarmuth, one; the king of
+Lachish, one ;
+
+12 The king of 'Eglon, one; the king of
+Gezer, one ;
+
+13 The king of Debir, one ; the king of
+Geder, one ;
+
+14 The king of Chormah, one ; the king of
+'Arad, one ;
+
+15 The king of Libnah, one ; the king of
+'AduUam, one ;
+
+16 The king of Makkedah, one ; the king
+of Beth-el, one ;
+
+17 The king of Tappuach, one; the king
+of Chepher, one ;
+
+18 The king of Aphek, one; the king of
+Lasharon, one ;
+
+19 The king of Madon, one ; the king of
+Chazor, one;
+
+20 The king of Shimron-meron, one ; the
+king of Achshaph. one ;
+
+21 Tlie king of Ta'anach, one ; the king of
+Megiddo, one ;
+
+22 The king of Kedesh, one ; the king of
+Yokne'am on Carmel, one ;
+
+23 The king of Dor in the district of Dor,
+one ; the king of Go\'im in Gilgal, one ;
+
+24 The king of Tirzah, one: in all thirty
+and one kings.
+
+
+* Others, "the cave," and is said to be the one between
+Zidon and Zarepta, in which the crusaders defended them-
+selves a long time against the Saracens.
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ]| Now Joshua was old, well stricken in
+years ; and the Lord said unto him, Tliou art
+old, stricken in years, and of tlie land there re-
+maineth yet very much to be taken posses-
+sion of
+
+2 This is the land that yet remaineth: All
+the circles of the Philistines, and all (the land
+of the) Geshurites,
+
+3 From the Shichor, which runneth before
+Egypt, even unto the boundary of 'Ekron
+northward, is counted to the Canaanites; the
+five lords of the Philistines; the Gazzathites,
+and the Ashdodites, the Eshkelonites, the
+Gittites, and the 'Ekronites; also the 'Avvim;
+
+4 On the sontli. all the land of the Canaan-
+ites, and Me'arah" that belongeth to the Zido-
+nians, up to Aphek, up to the border of the
+Emorites;
+
+5 And the land of the Giblitcs, and all
+Lebanon, toward the rising of the sun, from
+Ba'al-gad under mouirt Chermon up to the
+entrance of Chamath.
+
+6 All the inhabitants of the mountain from
+Lebanon unto Missrephoth-mayim, all the Zi-
+donians: these will I drive out from before the
+children of Israel ; only divide thou it by lot
+unto the Israelites for an inheritance, as I
+have commanded thee.
+
+7 And now divide this land for an inherit-
+ance unto the nine tribes, and the half trilje
+of Menasseh.
+
+8 With him the Reiibenites and the Gad-
+ites have received their inheritance, which
+Moses gave unto them, bejond the Jordan
+eastward, as Moses the servant of the Lord
+hath given them;
+
+9 From 'Aro'er, that is upon the bank of
+the brook Anion, and the city that is in the
+midst of the brook, and all the plain of Me-
+deba up to Dibon ;
+
+10 And all the cities of Sichon the king of
+the Emorites, Avho reigned over Cheshbon, up
+to the border of the children of 'Amnion ;
+
+11 And Gil'ad, and the territory of the
+Geshurites and Ma'achathites, and all mount
+Chermon, and all Bashan up to Salchah;
+
+12 All the kingdom of 'Og in Bashan, wdio
+reigned in ' Ashtaroth and in Edre'i ; who had
+been left of the remnant of the Repha'im:
+and Moses smote them, and cast them out.
+
+13 Nevertheless the children of Israel ex-
+
+271
+
+
+JOSHUA XIII. XIV.
+
+
+pelled not the Geshurites and the Ma'achath-
+ites; but the Geshurites and the Ma'achath-
+ites continued to dwell in the midst of the
+Israelites until this day.
+
+14 Only unto the tribe of Levi he gave no
+inheritance : the fire-oflferings of the Lord, the
+God of Israel, are their inheritance, as he hath
+spoken unto them.
+
+15 ][ And Moses gave unto the tribe of
+the children of Keiiben according to their
+families ;
+
+16 And their territory was from Aro'er,
+that is on the bank of the brook Arnon, and
+the city that is in the midst of the brook, and
+all the plain by Medeba;
+
+. 17 Cheshbon, and all its cities that are in
+the i^lain ; Dibon, axid Bamoth-ba'al, and Beth-
+ba'al-me'on,
+
+18 And Yahzah, and Kedemoth, and Me-
+pha'ath,
+
+19 And Kiryathayim, and Sibmah, and
+Zereth-hashachar on the mount of the valley,
+
+20 And Beth-pe'or, and the declivities of
+Pisgah, and Beth-hayeshimoth,
+
+21 And all the cities of the plain, and all
+the kingdom of Sichon the king of the Emor-
+ites, who reigned in Cheshbon, whom Moses
+smote with the princes of Midian, Evi, and
+Kekem, and Zur, and Chur, and Reba', the
+dukes of Sichon, the dwellers of the coun-
+try.
+
+22 And Bil'am the son of Be'or, the sooth-
+sayer, did the children of Israel slay with the
+sword among their slain.
+
+2.3 And the boundary of the children of
+Reuben was the Jordan, and its bordering terri-
+tory. This was the inheritance of the children
+of Reuben after their families, the cities and
+their villages.
+
+24 ^ And Moses gave unto the tribe of
+Gad, unto the children of Gad according to
+their families;
+
+25 And their territory was Ya'zer, and all
+the cities of Gil'ad, and half the land of the
+children of 'Ammon, up to 'Ax'o'er that is before
+Rabbah ;
+
+26 And from Cheshbon unto Ramath-miz-
+peh, and Betonim ; and from Machanayim up
+to the boi'der of Debir ;
+
+27 And in the valley, Beth-haram, and
+Beth-nimrah, and Succoth, and Zaphon, the
+rest of the kingdom of Sichon the king of
+Cheshbon, the Jordan and its bordering terri-
+
+2-:s
+
+
+tory, up to the edge of the sea of Kinnereth
+on the other side the Jordan eastward.
+
+28 This is the inheritance of the children
+of Gad after their famiUes, the cities and their
+villages.
+
+29 ^ And Moses gave unto the half tribe of
+Menasseh ; and it belonged to the half tribe of
+the children of Menasseh after their iamilies ;
+
+30 And their territory was from Machana-
+yim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of 'Og the
+kmg of Bashan, and all the villages of Ya'ir,
+which are in Bashan, sixty cities ;
+
+31 And half Gil'ad, and 'Ashtaroth, and
+Edre'i, the cities of the kingdom of 'Og in
+Bashan, (belonged) unto the children of
+Machir the son of Menasseh, even to the one
+half of the children of Machir after their fa-
+milies.
+
+32 These are they to whom Moses did dis-
+tribute an inheritance in the plains of Moab,
+on the other side of the Jordan, by Jericho,
+eastward.
+
+33 But unto the tribe of Levi Moses gave
+not any inheritance: the Lord the God of
+Israel is himself their inheritance, as he hath
+sjioken unto them.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ^ And these are the countries which the
+children of Israel obtained as an inheritance in
+the land of Canaan, which Elazar the priest,
+and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of
+the divisions of the tribes of the children of
+Israel, distributed for an inheritance unto
+them,
+
+2 By the lot as their inheritance: as the
+Lord had commanded by the hand of Moses,
+for the nine tribes, and the half tribe.
+
+3 For Moses had given the inheritance of
+the two tribes and the half tribe on the other
+side of the Jordan ; but unto the Levites he
+had given no inheritance among them.
+
+4 For the children of Joseph were two
+tribes, Menasseh and Epln-aim ; therefore the_y
+gave no portion unto the Levites in the land,
+save cities to dwell in, with their open spaces
+for their cattle and for their substance.
+
+5 As the Lord had commanded Moses, so
+did the children of Israel, and so divided they
+the land.
+
+6 ^ And tlie children of Judah came near
+unto Joshua in Gilgal ; and Caleb the son of
+Yephunneh the Kenizzitc said unto him,
+
+
+josnuA XIV. XV.
+
+
+Thou well Icnowest the word which the Lokd
+spoke unto Moses the man of God concerning
+me and thyself in Kadesh-barnea'.
+
+7 Forty years old was I when Moses the
+servant of the Lord sent me from Kadesh-
+barneJi' to spy out the land; and I brought
+him word again as it was in my heart.
+
+8 But my brethren who had gone up
+with me caused the heart of the people to be
+faint; but I wholly followed the Lord my God.
+
+9 And Moses swore on that day, saying,
+Surely the land whereon thy foot hath trod-
+den shall belong to thee for an inheritance,
+and to thy children for ever; because thou
+hast wholly Ibllowed the Lord my God.
+
+10 And now, behold, the Lord hath kept
+me alive, as he hath spoken: it is now forty
+and five years since the Lord spoke this word
+unto Moses, while Israel wandered in the wil-
+derness; and now, behold, I am this day
+eighty and five years old.
+
+Ill am yet this day as strong as I was on
+the day that Moses sent me: as my strength
+was then, even so is my strength now, for
+war, and to go out, and to come in.
+
+12 Now therefore give me this mountain,
+whereof the Lord spoke on that day; for thou
+didst hear on that day that the 'Anakim were
+there, and great fortified cities: perhaps the
+Lord will be with me, and I shall drive them
+out, as the Lord hath spoken.
+
+13 And Joshua blessed him, and gave He-
+bron unto Caleb the son of Yephunneh for an
+inheritance.
+
+14 Therefore did Hebron become the in-
+heritance of Caleb the son of Yephunneh the
+Kenizzite unto this day; for the cause that
+he had wholly followed the Lord the God of
+Israel.
+
+15 And the name of Hebron was afore times
+Kiryath-arba'," who was the greatest man
+among the 'Anakim. And the land had rest
+from war.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ And the lot for the tribe of the chil-
+dren of Judali after their families came by
+the border of Edom, with the wilderness of
+Zin, southward, as the uttermost southern
+boundary.
+
+2 And their southern boundary was from
+
+" i. e. " The city of Arba', who was/' &c.
+2K
+
+
+the end of the salt sea, from the biiy that
+bendeth southward ;
+
+3 And it went out to the south to the
+heights of 'Akrabbim, and passed along to
+Zin, and ascended up on the south side unto
+Kadesh-barneii', and passed along to Chezron,
+and went up to Adar, and fetched a compass
+to Karka';
+
+4 And it passed on toward 'Azmon, and
+went out unto the river of Egypt; and the
+terminations of the boundary Avere at the sea:
+this shall be your southern boundary.
+
+5 And the east boundary was the salt sea,
+unto the end of the Jordan. And the bound-
+ary in the north quarter was from the bay of
+the sea at the end of the Jordan ;
+
+6 And the boundary went up to Beth-chog-
+lah, and passed along by the north of Betli-
+'arabah; and the boundary went up to Eben-
+bohan the son of Reuben;
+
+7 And the boundary went up toward Debir
+from the valley of 'Achor, and at the north it
+tent toward Gilgal, that is opposite the heights
+of Adummim, which is on the south side of
+the valley; and the boundarj^ passed toward
+the waters of 'En-shemesh, and its termina-
+tions were at 'En-i'ogel ;
+
+8 And the boundary went up to the valley
+of the son of Hinnom unto the south side of
+the Jebusite, the same is Jerusalem; and the
+boundary went up to the top of the mount
+that lieth before the valley of Hinnom west-
+ward, which is at the end of the valley ol'
+Repha'im northward ;
+
+9 And the lioundary extended from tlic
+top of the mount unto the spring of the
+waters of Nephtoach, and went out to the ci-
+ties of mount 'Ephron; and the boundary ex-
+tended to Ba'alah, which is Kiryath-ye'arim;
+
+10 And the boundary compassed from
+Ba'alah westward unto mount Se'ir, and
+passed along unto the side of mount Ye'arim,
+which is Kessalon, on the north side, and
+went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed on
+to Timnah;
+
+11 And the boundary went out unto the
+side of 'Ekron northward; and the boundary
+extended to Shikron, and passed along to the
+mount of Ba'alah, and went out unto Yab-
+neel; and the terminations of the boundary
+were at the sea.
+
+12 And the west boundary was by the
+
+This is the
+
+273
+
+
+great sea, and the coast thereof.
+
+
+JOSHUA XV.
+
+
+boundary of the children of Judcah round
+about according to their famiUes.
+
+13 \\ And unto Caleb the son of Yephun-
+neli he gave as a portion among the children
+of Judah, according to the order of the Lord
+to Joshua, Kiryath-arba' the father of 'Anak,
+which is Hebron.
+
+14 And Caleb drove out from there the
+three sons of 'Anak, Sheshai, and Achiman,
+and Talmai, the children of 'Anak.
+
+15 And he went up from there to the in-
+habitants of Debir; and the name of Debir
+before was Kiryath-sepher.
+
+16 And Caleb said, He that will smite
+Kiryath-sepher, and capture it, to him will I
+give 'Achsah my daughter for wife.
+
+17 And 'Othniel the son of Kenaz, the
+brother of Caleb, captured it; and he gave
+him 'Achsah his daughter for wife.
+
+18 And it came to pass, as she came
+thither, that she persuaded him to ask of her
+father a field: and she alighted from her ass;
+and Caleb said unto her. What aileth thee?
+
+19 And she said. Give me a Ijlessing; for a
+dry land hast thou given me: give me then
+also springs of water. And he gave her the
+upper springs and the lower springs.
+
+20 ][ This is the inheritance of the tribe
+of the cliildren of Judah according to their
+fixmilies.
+
+21 And the cities on the boundary line of
+the tribe of the children of Judah toward the
+border of Edom, on the south, were Kabzeel,
+and 'Eder, and Yagur,
+
+22 And Kinah, and Dimonah, and 'Ad-
+'adah,
+
+23 And Kedesh, and Chazor, and Yithnan,
+
+24 Ziph, and Telem, and Be'aloth,
+
+25 And Chazor-chadattah, and Keriyoth-
+chezron," which is Chazor,
+
+26 Amara, and Shema', and Moladah,
+
+27 And Chazar-gaddah, and Cheshraon,
+and Beth-palet,
+
+28 And Chazar-shuiil, and Beer-sheba, and
+Bizyotlu-yah,
+
+29 Ba'alah, and 'lyim, and 'Azem,
+
+30 And Eltolad. and Kessil, and Chormah,
+
+31 And Ziklag, and Madmannah, and San-
+sannah,
+
+
+" Others, "Chazor, Chadattah, and Keriyoth, Chezron,
+which," &c.
+
+'' As the ciuiniiTalcd places exceed twenty-uiiie, it has
+274
+
+
+32 And Lebaoth, and Shilchim, and Ayin,
+and Rimmon : in all twenty and nine'' cities,
+with their villages.
+
+33 ]f And in the lowlands, Eshtaol, and
+Zor'ah, and Ashnah,
+
+34 And Zanoach, and 'En-gannini, Tap-
+puach, and 'Euam,
+
+35 Yarmuth, and 'Adullam, Sochoh, and
+'Azekah,
+
+36 And Sha'arayim, and 'Adithayim, and
+Gederah, and Gederothayim : fourteen cities
+with their villages.
+
+37 ^ Zenan, and Chadashah, and Migdal-
+gad.
+
+38 And Dil'an, and Mizpeh, and Yoktheel,
+
+39 Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon,
+
+40 And Cabbon, and Lachmass, and Kith-
+lish,
+
+41 And Gederoth, Beth-dagoii, and Na-
+'amah, and Makkedah: sixteen cities with
+their villages.
+
+42 ^ Libnah, and 'Ether, and Ashan,
+
+43 And Yiphtach, and Ashnah, and Nezib,
+
+44 And Ke'ilah, and Achzib, and Mare-
+shah: nine cities with their villages.
+
+45 ][ 'Ekron, with its towns and its vil-
+lages :
+
+46 From 'Ekron even unto the sea, all that
+lay alongside of Ashdod, with their villages.
+
+47 T[ Ashdod with its towns and its vil-
+lages, Gazzah, with its towns and its villages,
+up to the brook of Egyjit, and the great sea,
+and its territory.
+
+48 ^ And in the mountains, Shamir, and
+Yattir, and Sochoh,
+
+49 And Dannah and Kiryath-saimah,
+which is Debir,
+
+50 And 'Anab, and Eshtemoh, and 'Anim,
+
+51 And Goslien, and Cholon, and Giloli:
+eleven cities with their villages.
+
+52 ^ Arab, and Duniah, and Esh'an,
+
+53 And Yanimi, and Beth-tappuacli, and
+Aphekah,
+
+54 And Chumtah, and Kiryath-arba", which
+is Hebron, and Zi'or: nine cities with their
+villages.
+
+55 ^ Ma'on, Carmel, and Ziph. and Yutah,
+
+56 And Yizre'el, and Yokde'ani, and Za-
+noach,
+
+
+been supposed by Abarbanel, that but that niiiiibor were
+large places, or cities, the others niUwjes.
+' "The islands therein."— Rasiu.
+
+
+JOSHUA XV. XVI. XVII.
+
+
+57 Kayin, Gib'ah, and Timiiah: ten cities
+with their villages.
+
+58 ^f Clialchul, Beth-zur, and Gedor,
+
+59 And Ma'arath, and Beth-'anoth, and
+Eltekon: six cities with their villages.
+
+60 ]1 Kiryath-baal, which is Kiryath-je-
+'arini, and Rabbah; two cities with their vil-
+lages.
+
+61 ^1 In the wilderness, Beth-ha'arabah,
+Middin, and Sechachah,
+
+62 And Nibshan, and 'Ir-hanunelach," and
+'En-gedi: six cities with their villages.
+
+63 ]f As for the Jebusites the inhabitants
+of Jerusalem, these the children of Judah
+could not drive out; but the Jebusites dwelt
+with the childi'en of Judah at Jerusalem, even
+unto this day.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ^ And the lot of the children of Jo.seph
+fell'' from the Jordan by Jericho, unto the
+waters of Jericho on the east, to the wilderness
+that goeth up from Jericho b}' the mount
+Beth-el,
+
+2 And (the boundary) went out from
+Beth-el to Luz, and passed along unto the
+boundary of the Arkites to 'Ataroth,
+
+3 And went down westward to the bound-
+ary of the Yaphleti, unto the border of Beth-
+choron the lower, and to Qezer; and its ter-
+minations were toward the sea.
+
+4 This did the children of Joseph, Me-
+nasseh and Ephraim, take as their inherit-
+ance.
+
+5 ^ And (this) was the boundary of the chil-
+dren of Ephraim according to their families;
+and the boundary of their inheritance on the
+east side was 'Atroth-addar, up to Beth-choron
+the upper;
+
+6 And the boundary went out towanl the
+sea to Michmethath on the north; and the
+boundary fetched a compass eastward unto
+Taihiathshiloh, and passed by it on the east
+to Ynnochah ;
+
+7 And it went down from Yanochah to
+'Ataroth, and to Na'arath, and touched on
+Jericho, and went out at the Jordan.
+
+8 From Tappuach westward the border
+went out unto the biX)ok Kanah; and its ter-
+minations were toward the sea. This is the
+
+
+' Othoi-s translate the name, "the city of salt;" by
+some supposed to be Zo'ar.
+
+
+inheritance of the tribe of the children of
+Ephraim after their families;
+
+9 And (in addition to this) the cities which
+were separated for the children of E})hraim in
+the midst of the iidieritance of the children
+of Menasseh, all the cities with their villages.
+
+10 And they drove not out the Canaanites
+that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites
+dwelt among the Ephraimites until this day,
+and became tributary servants.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 ^ And then came the lot for the tribe
+of Menasseh; for he was the first-born of
+Joseph: to wit, for Machir the first-born of
+Menasseh, the father of Gil'ad; because he
+was a man of war, therefore he obtained Gil'ad
+and Bashan.
+
+2 There was also a lot for the I'est of the
+children of Menasseh after their families; for
+the children of Abi'ezer, and for the children
+of Chelek, and for the children of Assriel,
+and for the childi'en of Shechem, and for the
+children of Chepher, and for the children of
+Shemida": these were the male children of
+Menasseh the son of Joseph after their fami-
+lies.
+
+3 But Zelophchad, the son of Chephei", the
+son of Gil'ad, the son of Machir, the son of
+Menasseh, had no sons, but only daughters;
+and these are the names of his daughters,
+INIachlah, and No'ah, Choglah, Milcah, and
+Tirzah.
+
+4 And they came near before Elazar the
+priest, and before Joshua the son of Nun, and
+before the princes, saying, The Lord com-
+manded Moses to give unto us an inheritance
+among our brethren. And he gave them,
+according to the order of the Lord, an in-
+heritance among the brethren of their father.
+
+5 And there fell ten portions of Menasseh,
+beside the lands of Gil'ad and Bashan, which
+were on the other side of the Jordan ;
+
+6 Because the daughters of Menasseh o!>
+tained an inheritance among his sons: and
+the land of Gil'ad belonged to the rest of the
+sons of Menasseh.
+
+7 And the boundary of Menasseh was from
+Asher to Michmethath. that lieth before She-
+chem; and the boundary went along on the
+
+
+Heb. "went forth.
+
+
+275
+
+
+JOSHUA XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+right hand unto the inhabitants of 'En-tap-
+puach.
+
+8 To Menasseh belonged the land of Tap-
+puach ; ))ut Tappuach on the borders of Me-
+nasseh Ijelonged to the children of Ephraim;
+
+9 And the boundary descended unto the
+brook Kanah, southward of the brook; these
+cities belonging to Ephraim are in the midst
+of the cities of Menasseh; and the boundary'
+of Menasseh was on the north side of the
+river, and its terminations were toward the
+sea:
+
+10 Southward it Avas Ephraim's, and north-
+ward it was Menasseh's, and tlie sea was (there)
+his boundary; and on Asher tliey touched on
+the north, and on Issachar on the east.
+
+11 And to Menasseh belonged in Issachar
+and in Asher Beth-sheixn and its towns, and
+Yible'am and its towns, together with the in-
+habitants of Dor and its towns, and the in-
+habitants of 'En-dor and its towns, and the
+inhabitants of Ta'anach and its towns, and
+the inhabitants of Megiddo aiid its towns,
+namely the three districts."
+
+12 Yet the children of Menasseh could not
+drive out the inhabitants of these cities; but
+the Canaanites succeeded to dwell in this land ;
+
+13 Yet it came to pass, when the children
+of Israel were become strong, that they put
+the Canaanites to tribute; but they did not
+drive them out.
+
+14 ^ And the children of Joseph spoke
+inito Joshua, saying, Why hast thou given
+me but one lot and one portion as an inherit-
+ance, seeing I am a numerous people, to which
+extent the Lokd hath hitherto blessed me?
+
+15 And Joshua said unto them, If thou
+art a numerous people, then get thee up to
+the wood country, and cut down (a space) for
+thyself there in the land oi' the Perizzites
+and of the Repha'im, if the mountain of
+Ephraim be too narrow for thee.
+
+IG And the children of Josej^h said, The
+mountain will not be enough* for us; and
+chariots of iron ai-e belonging to all the Ca-
+naanites that dwell in the land of the valley,
+
+
+" Probably, 'Endor, Ta'auaob and Mogiddo.
+
+'' "^V'c cannot rcarb tbc mountain." — I'hiltI'PSOn.
+
+° (ienorally calU'd JczreeL
+
+* When tbu wood.s are cut down, tbo way to tbe plain
+below will be fipcn; licncc tbc driving out of tbo Canaan-
+ites of verso 17 will be acconipli.sbed, notwitbstanding
+tbcir strengtb.
+276
+
+
+to those who are at Beth-sheiin and its towns,
+and to those who ai"e in the valley of Yiz-.
+re'el."
+
+17 And Joshua said unto the house of
+Josejjh, to Ephraim and to Menasseh, as fbl-
+loweth. Thou art a numerous j^eople, and hast
+great j^ower; thou shalt not have one lot
+
+only;
+
+18 But the mountain shall be thine; it is
+indeed a wood, yet thou canst cut it down ; and
+the terminations'' of it shall be thine; for thou
+shalt drive out the Canaanites. though they
+have iron chariots, though they be strong.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 Tf And the whole congregation of the
+children of Israel assembled together at Shi-
+luh, and set up there the tabernacle of the
+congregation. And the land was subdued be-
+fore them."
+
+2 ^ And there remained among the chil-
+dren of Israel, that had not yet received their
+inhei'itance, seven tribes.
+
+3 And Joshua said unto the children of
+Israel, How long will ye show yourselves
+slack to go to take possession of the land,
+which the Lord the God of ^our fathers hath
+given to you?
+
+4 Furnish for yourselves three men for
+etich tribe; and I will send them out, and
+they shall arise, and walk through the land,
+and describe' it according to their inheritance,
+and come again to me.
+
+5 And they shall divide it into seven
+parts: Judah shall remain on his boundary
+at the south, and the house of Joseph shall
+remain on their boinidary at the north.
+
+6 But you shall make a description of the
+land in seven parts, and bring it hither to me;
+and I will cast the lot for j'ou here, before
+the Lord our God.
+
+7 For to the Levites there is no ]iortion
+among you; for the priesthood of the Lord is
+their inheritance ; and Gad, and Reiiben, and
+half the tribe of Menasseh have already re-
+ceived their inheritance beyond the Jordan,
+
+
+° Altbougb in point of fact single districts were not
+conquiirod, still tbe country as a wbole was in possession
+of tbe Israelites at tbe time spoken c>f in tbe text.
+
+' Sacbs and otbcrs, "Write it down." Probably tbey
+made a maji, and marked down on it the various divisions
+wbicb tbey <leeniod most suitable for tbe respective tribes;
+still tbe lot was to settle all doubts.
+
+
+JOSHUA XVIII. XIX.
+
+
+at the east, wliicli Moses the servant of the
+Lord gave to them.
+
+8 And the men arose, and went away;
+and Joshua charged those that went to de-
+scribe the hind, saying, Go and walk through
+the hind, and describe it, and return again to
+me ; and here will I cast the lot lor you be-
+fore the Lord, in Shiloh.
+
+0 And the men went and passed through
+the land, and described it according to the
+cities in seven parts in a book; and they
+came again to Joshua to the camp at Shiloh.
+
+10 And Joshua cast the lot for them in
+Shiloh before the Lord; and Joshua divided
+there the land unto the children of Israel ac-
+cording to their divisions.
+
+11 ^ And the lot of the tribe of the children
+of Benjamin came up according to their fami-
+lies; and the boundary of their lot came forth
+between the childi-en of Judali and the chil-
+dren of Joseph.
+
+12 And their boundary was on the north
+side (starting) from the Jordan ; and the boun-
+dary went up to the side of Jericho on the
+north, and went up through the mountains
+westward; and its terminations were at the
+wilderness of Beth-aven.
+
+13 And the boundary went over from
+tliere toAvard Luz, to the south side of Luz,
+whicli is Beth-el; and the boundary descended
+to 'Atroth-addar, upon the mount that is on
+the south side of the lower Beth-choron.
+
+14 x\nd the border extended (thence), and
+fetched a compass to the west side, to the
+south of the mount that is before Beth-choron
+at the .south ; and its terminations were at
+Kiryath-ba'al, which is Kiryath-ye'arim, a
+citv of the children of Judah : this was the
+west side.
+
+15 And the south side commenced from
+the end of Kiryath-ye'arim, and the boundary
+went out on the west, and went out to the
+spring of the waters of Nephtoach ;
+
+16 And the Ijoundary went down to the
+end of the mountain that is before the valley
+of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the
+valley of Repha'im at the north, and descended
+to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of the
+Jebusi on the south, and descended to 'En-
+rogel,
+
+17 And extended northwardly, and went
+forth to 'En-shetnesh, and went forth toward
+Geliloth, wliich is opposite to the ascent of
+
+
+Adummim, and descended to Eben-bohan the
+son of Reuben,
+
+18 And passed along on this siile opposite
+to 'Arabah northward; and went down unto
+'Arabah ;
+
+19 And the boundary passed along to the
+side of Beth-choiilah northward; and the ter-
+minations of the border were at the north bay
+of the Salt Sea at the south end of the Jor-
+dan : this was the south boundary.
+
+20 And the Jordan bounded it on the
+east side. This was the inheritance of the
+children of Benjamin, b}- its l)Oundaries round
+about, according to their lamilies.
+
+21 Now these were the cities of the tribe
+of the children of Benjamin according to their
+families, Jericho, and Beth-choglah, and 'Emek-
+keziz,
+
+22 And Beth-ha'arabah, and Zemarayim
+and Beth-el,
+
+23 And Avvim, and Parah, and 'Ophrah,
+
+24 And Kephar-ha'annnonah, and '(_)plnu,
+and Geba" : twelve cities with their villages.
+
+25 Gib'on, and Ramah, and Beeroth,
+
+26 And Mizpeh, and Kephirah, and Mo-
+zah,
+
+27 And Rekem, and Yirpeel, and Tara-
+lah,
+
+28 And Zela', Eleph, and Jebusi, which is
+Jerusalem, Gib'ath, and Kiryath: fourteen
+cities with their villages. This is the inherit-
+ance of the children of Benjamin according to
+their families.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 Tl And then came forth the second lot
+for Simeon, for the tribe of the children of
+Simeon according to their fomilies; and their
+inheritance was within the inheritance of the
+children of Judah.
+
+2 And they obtained in their inheritance
+Beer-shel)a', (or) Sheba', and Moladah,
+
+8 And Chazar-shu'al, and Balah, and
+'Ezem,
+
+4 And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Cliormah,
+
+5 And Ziklag, and Beth-hamarcaboth, and
+Chazar-sussah ,
+
+6 And Beth-lebaoth, and Sharuchen: thir-
+teen cities and their villages.
+
+7 'Ayin, Rimmon, and 'Ether, and 'Ashan;
+four cities and their villages.
+
+8 And all the villages that were round
+about these cities up to Ba'alath-beer, South
+
+
+JOSHUA XIX.
+
+
+t^ainah." This is tlie inheritance of the tribe
+of the children of Simeon according to their
+families.
+
+9 Out of the portion of the children of
+Judah was the inheritance of the children
+of Simeon; for the portion of the children of
+Judah was too much for them; therefore the
+children of Simeon obtained their inheritance
+within their inheritance.
+
+10 *[] And then came up the third lot for the
+children of Zebulun according to their fami-
+lies; and the boundary of their inheritance
+extended up to Sarid ;
+
+11 And their boundary went up toward
+the sea, and Mar'alah, and touched on Dab-
+besheth, and touched on the Ijrook that is be-
+fore Yokne'am;
+
+12 And turned from Sarid eastward to-
+ward the rising of the sun unto the border of
+Kisloth-tabor, and then went out to Daberath,
+and went up to Yaphia';
+
+lo And from tliere it passed on in front to
+the east unto Gath-Chepher, to 'Eth-kazin, and
+went out to Riunnon, whence it extended to
+Ne'ah;"
+
+14 And this boundary turned'' about on
+the north side to Channathon ; and its ter-
+minations were in the valley of Yiphthach-el:
+
+15 And Kattath. and Nahallal, and Shim-
+ron, and Yidalah, and Beth-lechem : twelve
+cities with their villages.
+
+16 This is the inheritance of the children
+of Zebulun according to their f\xmilies, these
+cities with their villages.
+
+17 ][ For Issachar came out the fourth lot,
+for the children of Issachar according to their
+families.
+
+18 And their boundary went to Yizre'el,
+and KessuUoth, and Shunem,
+
+19 And (Jhapharayim, and Shion, and
+Anacharath,
+
+20 And Rabbith, and Kishyon, and Abez,
+
+21 And Remeth, and 'Eii-gannim, and 'En-
+chaddah, and Beth-pazzez ;
+
+22 And the boundary touched on Tabor,
+
+' No iloubt \t moans that Bu'a1alli-bciJr is the same
+witli South Rainah.
+
+'' After.Iouathaii and Hashi; other.s, to "Rimmon-methoar,
+to Neah," as tliough it were a proper name of the pLace.
+
+° Others, "and tlie boundary turned around this," &c.
+
+^ Eng. version, "(Ireat Zidon."
+
+' i. e. The fortified llock; no doubt, an ancient Tyre, not
+the afterward famous citv of Tyro, (from /ziir, "roek."^
+^78
+
+
+and Shachazimah, and Beth-shemesh ; and
+the terminations of their boundaries were
+at the Jordan: sixteen cities with their vil-
+lages.
+
+23 This is the inheritance of the tribe of
+the children of Issachar according to their
+families, the cities and their villages.
+
+24 *i] And then came out the fifth lot for the
+tribe of the children of Asher according to
+their families.
+
+25 And their boundary was Chelkath, and
+Chali, and Beten, and Achshaph,
+
+26 And Allammelech, and 'Am'ad, and
+Mishal ; and it touched on Carmel at the sea,
+and on Shichor-libnath ;
+
+27 And it turned toward the rising of the
+sun to Beth-dagon, and touched on Zebulun,
+and on the valley of Yiphthach-el at the
+north, on Beth-ha'emek, and Ne'iel, and went
+out to Cabul on the left,
+
+28 And 'Ebron, and Rechob, and Cham-
+mon, and Kanah, up to Zidon the great city,**
+
+29 And then the boundary turned back to
+Ramah, and to the city of Mibzar-zor;" and
+then the boundary turned back to Chossah;
+and the terminations were by the sea in the
+district toward Achzib;
+
+30 And'Uramah and Aphek, and Rechob:
+twenty and two cities with their villages.
+
+31 This is the inheritance of the tribe of
+the children of Asher according to their fami-
+lies, these cities with their villages.
+
+32 Tf Unto the children of Naphtali came
+out the sixth lot, for the children of Naphtali
+according to their families.
+
+33 And their boundary was from Cheleph,
+from Allon-beza'anannim, and Adami-hauekeb,
+and Yabneel, as far as Lakkum; and its ter-
+minations were at the Jordan;
+
+34 And then the boundary turned west-
+ward to Aznoth-tabor, and went out from
+there to Chukkok, and touched on Zebulun
+on the south, and touched on Asher on the
+west, and on Judah upon the Jordan*^ toward
+the rising of the sun.
+
+
+' As Judah proper did not touch Naphtali at all, various
+conjectures have been hazarded; one, the most ingenious,
+is broached by Rabbi Joseph Sehwarz, in accordance with
+Aben Ezra to Numb, x.xxii. 4"2, that Yair, who possessed
+the territory in Menasseh opposite Naphtali on the east
+side of the Jordan, was by the father's side from Judah,
+and, by the mother's, of Menasseh. (See 1. Chroii. ii. 21,
+22.)
+
+
+JOSHUA XIX. XX. XXI.
+
+
+So And Ibrtlfied cities, Ziddim, Zer, and
+("hanmiath, Kakkatli, and Kinnereth,
+
+3G And Adaniali, and Raniah, and Chazor,
+
+37 And Kedesh, and Edre'i, and 'En-cha^
+zor,
+
+38 And Yiron, and Migdal-el, Cliorem, and
+Beth-'anath, and Beth-shemesh : nineteen cities
+witli their villages.
+
+39 This is tlie inhei'itance of the tribe of
+the children of Naphtali according to their
+families, the cities and their villages.
+
+40 T[ For the tribe of the children of Dan
+according to their families came out the
+seventh lot.
+
+41 And the boundary of their iidieritance
+was Zor ah, and Eshtaol, and 'Ir-shemesh,
+
+42 And Sha'alabbin, and Avalon, and
+Yitldah,
+
+43 And Elon, and Thimnathah, and 'Ekron,
+
+44 And Eltekeh. and Gil)l)ethon, and Ba'-
+alath,
+
+45 And Yehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-
+rimnion.
+
+46 And Me-hayarkon, and Rakkon, with
+the boundary before Yapho."
+
+47 And tlie territory of the children of Dan
+went out beyond these ; for the children of
+Dan went up and fought against Leshem, and
+captured it, and smote it with the edge of the
+sword, and took possession of it, and dwelt
+therein, and they called Leshem, Dan, after
+the name of Dan their father.
+
+48 This is the inheritance of the tribe of
+the children of Dan according to their fami-
+lies, these cities with their villages.
+
+49 "il And they made an end of dividing the
+land for inheritance after its boundaries; and
+the children of Israel gave an inheritance to
+Joshua the son of Nun among them;
+
+50 By the order of the Lord did they give
+him the city w'hich he had asked, Timnath-
+serach^'on the mountain of Ephraim: and he
+built the city, and dwelt therein.
+
+51 ][ These arc the inheritances, which
+Elazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun,
+and the heads of the divisions of the tribes of
+the children of Israel, divided for an inherit-
+ance by lot, at Shiloli before the Lord, at the
+door of the tabernacle of the congregation. So
+they made an end of dividing the country.
+
+"" Afterward Joppa, now the town of Jaffa
+'' El^ewlicre c-iUed Tiuiu.ith-cheres.
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Joshua,
+saying,
+
+2 Speak to the children of Israel, saying,
+Appoint for yourselves the cities of refuge,
+whereof I have spoken unto you by the hand
+of Moses ;
+
+3 That thither may tlee the manslayci-
+that killeth any person unawares, without
+knowledge; and they shall be unto you for
+a refuge from the avenger of the blood.
+
+4 And he shall flee unto one of those cities,
+and he shall stand at the entrance of the
+gate of the city, and speak in the ears of the
+elders of that city his words; and they shall
+take him into the city unto them, and gi\ e
+him a jjlace, that he may dwell among them.
+
+5 And if the avenger of the blood should
+pursue after him, then shall they not deliver
+the manslayer up into his hand; because with-
+out knowledge did he smite his neighbour, and
+he was not an enemy to him in time past.
+
+6 And he shall dwell in that city, until
+he shall have stood before the congregation
+for judgment, (and) until the death of the
+high-priest that may be in those days: then
+shall the manslayer return, and come unto liis
+own house, unto the city whence he hath lied.
+
+7 And they appointed"" Kedesh in Galilee''
+in the mountain of Naphtali, and Shechem in
+the mountain of Ephraim, and Kiryath-arba',
+which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah.
+
+8 And on the other side of the Jordan by
+Jericho eastward, they appointed Bezer in the
+wilderness in the })lain from the tribe of Reii-
+ben, and Ramoth in Gil'ad from the tribe of
+Gad, and Golan in Bashan from the tribe of
+Menasseh.
+
+9 These were the cities assigned for all the
+children of Israel, and for the stranger that
+sojourneth among them, that thither might
+tlee whosoever killeth any person at unawares,
+and that he should not die by the hand of
+the avenger of the blood, until he have stood
+before the congregation.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ Then came near the heads of the divi-
+sions of the Levites unto Elazar the priest,
+
+
+Hfb. "sanctified."
+Correctly, " Galil."
+
+
+279
+
+
+JOSHUA XXT.
+
+
+iiud unto Joshua the son of Nun, and unto the
+heads of the divisions of the tribes of the
+children of Israel ;
+
+2 And they spoke unto them at Shiloh, in
+the land of Canaan, saying, The Lord com-
+manded by the hand of Moses to give unto us
+cities to dwell in, with the open spaces there-
+of for our cattle.
+
+3 And the children of Israel gave unto the
+Levites from their inheritance, at the order
+of the Lord, tliese cities and their open spaces.
+
+4 ^ And the lot came out for the families
+of the Kehathites: and the children of Aaron
+the priest, who were of the Levites, obtained
+from the tribe of Judah, and from the tribe of
+Simeon, and from the tribe of Benjamin, by
+lot, thirteen cities.
+
+5 ][ And the rest of the children of Kehath
+obtained from the families of the tribe of
+Ephraim, and from the tribe of Dan, and
+from the half tribe of Menasseh, by lot, ten
+cities.
+
+6 ^ And the children of Gershon obtained
+from the families of the tribe of Issachar, and
+from the tribe of Asher, and from the tribe of
+Naphtali, and from the half tribe of Menasseh
+in Bashan, by lot, thirteen cities.
+
+7 ^ The children of Merari after their
+families obtained from the tribe of Reuben,
+and from the tribe of Gad, and from the tribe
+of Zebulun, twelve cities.
+
+8 Tf And the children of Israel gave unto
+the Levites these cities with their open spaces,
+as the Lord had commanded by the hand of
+Moses, by lot.
+
+9 T[ And they gave from the tribe of the
+children of Judah, and from the tribe of the
+children of Simeon, these cities Avhich are
+called by name.
+
+10 And the children of Aaron, of the fami-
+lies of the Kehathites, of the children of Levi,
+obtained them ;" — for they had the first lot.
+
+11 And they gave unto them Kiryath-
+arba', (the father of 'Anak,) which is Hebron,
+in the mountain of Judah, with the open
+spaces thereof round about it;
+
+12 But the fields of the city, and its vil-
+lages, they gave to Caleb the son of Yephun-
+neh for his possession.
+
+13 ^ And to the children of Aaron the
+priest they gave the city of refuge for the
+
+" ('. e.. The places which are named suhseqnently.
+280
+
+
+manslayer, Hebron with its open spaces, and
+Libnah with its open spaces,
+
+14 And Yattir with its open spaces, and
+Eshtemoii' with its open spaces.
+
+15 And Cholon with its open spaces, and
+Debir with its open spaces,
+
+16 And 'Ayin with its open spaces, and
+Yuttah with its open spaces, and Beth-she-
+mesh with its open spaces: nine cities from
+those two tribes.
+
+17 ^ And from the tribe of Benjamin,
+Gib'on with its open spaces, Geba' with its
+open spaces,
+
+18 'Anathoth with its open spaces, and
+'Almon with its open spaces : four cities.
+
+19 All the cities of the children of Aaron,
+the priests, were thirteen cities with their open
+spaces.
+
+20 T[ And the families of the children of
+Kehath, the Levites, who remained of the
+children of Kehath, obtained the cities of
+their lot from the tribe of Ephraim.
+
+21 And they gave to them the city of refuge
+for the manslayer, Shechem with its open
+spaces in the mountain of Ephraim, and Gezer
+with its open spaces,
+
+22 And Kibzayim with its open spaces, and
+Beth-choron with its open spaces: four cities.
+
+23 Tf And from the tribe of Dan, Eltek^
+with its open spaces, Gibbethon with its open
+spaces,
+
+24 Ayalon with its open spaces, Gath-rim-
+mon with its open spaces: four cities.
+
+25 Tf And from the half tribe of Menasseh,
+Ta'nach with its open spaces, and Gath-rim-
+mon with its open spaces: two cities.
+
+26 All the cities were ten with their open
+spaces for the families of the children of Ke-
+hath that remained.
+
+27 \ And unto the children of Gershon, of
+the families of the Levites, (they gave) from
+the other half tribe of Menasseh the city of
+refuge for the manslayer, Golan in Bashan
+with its open spaces, and Be'eshterah with its
+open spaces : two cities.
+
+28 \ And from the tribe of Issachar, Kish-
+yon with its open spaces, Daberath with its
+open spaces,
+
+29 Yarmuth with its open spaces, 'En-gan-
+nim with its open spaces: four cities.
+
+30 ][ And from the tribe of Asli.er, Mishal
+with its open spaces, Abdon with its open
+spaces,
+
+
+l^A.CiAi< yVNU HtCR CHILIJ IM THK Wl UOERN K«^S.
+
+
+JOSHUA XXI. xxn.
+
+
+ol Chelkath with its open spaces, and Re-
+chob witli its open spaces: four cities.
+
+32 ][ And from the tribe of Naphtali, the
+city of refuge for the manslayer, Kedesh in
+GaUlee with its open spaces, and Chammoth-
+dor with its open spaces, and Karthan with
+its open spaces: three cities.
+
+33 All the cities of the Gershunites accord-
+ing to their families were thirteen cities with
+their open spaces.
+
+84 T[ And unto the families of the chil-
+dren of Merari, the remainder of the Levites,
+(they gave) from the tribe of Zebulun, Yok-
+ne'am with its open spaces, and Karthah with
+its open spaces,
+
+35 Dimnah with its open spaces, Nahalal
+with its open spaces: four cities.^
+
+36 And from the tribe of Gad, the city of
+refuge for the manslayer, Ramoth in Gil'ad
+with its open spaces, and Machauayim with
+its open spaces,
+
+37 Cheshbon with its open spaces, Ya'zer
+with its open spaces: four cities in all.
+
+38 All the cities for the children of Merari
+after their families, they who were remaining
+of the families of the Levites, — ^ven their lot
+was twelve cities.
+
+39 All the cities of the Levites in the
+midst of the possession of the children of
+Israel were forty and eight cities with their
+open spaces.
+
+40 These cities were every one with their
+open spaces round about them: thus it was
+with all these cities.
+
+41 ^ And the L(jrd gave unto Israel all
+the land which he had sworn to give unto
+their fathers; and they possessed it, and
+dwelt therein.
+
+42 And the Lord gave them rest round
+about, all just as he had sworn unto their
+fathers: and there s^ood not up before them
+a man of all their enemies; all their enemies
+the Lord delivered into their hand.
+
+43 Tliere fiiiled'' not aught of all the good
+thing which the Lord had spoken unto the
+hoilse of Israel : it all came to pass.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+1 ^ Then did Joshua call the Reiibenites,
+
+
+' Here follow in some copies the following two verses;
+but they are not in the Hebrew text: —
+
+"36 And from the tribe of Reiiben, Bezer with its
+open spaces, and Yahzah with its open spaces,
+2L
+
+
+and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Me-
+nasseh,
+
+2 And he said unto them. Ye have indeed
+kept all that Moses the servant of the Lord
+commanded you, and ye have obeyed my
+voice in all that I commanded you:
+
+3 Ye have not forsaken your brethren
+these many days, until this day ; but ye have
+kept tlie obligation of the commandment of
+the Lord your God.
+
+4 And now the Lord your God hath given
+rest unto your brethren, as he promised them;
+therefore now turn yourselves, and get you
+unto your tents, unto the land of your posses-
+sion, which Moses the servant of the Lord
+gave unto you on the other side of the Jor-
+dan.
+
+5 Only take diligent heed to practise the
+commandment and the law, which Moses the
+servant of the Lord hath commanded you, to
+love the Lord your God, and to walk in all
+his ways, and to keep his commandments,
+and to cleave unto him, and to serve him
+with all your heart and with all your soul.
+
+6 And Joshua blessed them, and sent them
+away ; and they went unto their tents.
+
+7 ^ Now to the one half of the tribe of
+Menasseh Moses had given possession in Ba-
+shan; but unto the other half thereof gave
+Joshua with their brethren on this side of the
+Jordan westward; and when Joshua sent
+them also away unto their tents, he blessed
+them;
+
+8 And he said unto them, as followeth,
+With much riches return unto your tents, and
+with very much cattle, with silver, and with
+gold, and with copper, and with iron, and
+with very many garments: divide the spoil
+of your enemies with your brethren.
+
+9 Tl And the children of Reuben and the chil-
+dren of Gad and the half tribe of Menasseh
+returned, and departed from the children of
+Israel from Shiloh, which is in the land of
+Canaan, to go unto the country of Gil'ad, to
+the land of their possession, whereof they
+were possessed, according to the order of the
+Lord by the hand of Moses.
+
+10 And when they came unto the districts
+of the Jordan, that are in the land of Canaan,
+
+
+"37 Kedemoth with its open spaces, and Mepha'ath
+with its open spaces: four cities."
+
+If these verses arc included, v. 36 is 38, &c.
+' Heb. "Fell," viz. "to the ground," or "failed."
+
+281
+
+
+JOSHUA XXII.
+
+
+the children of Keiiben and the children of
+Gad and the half tribe of Menasseh built
+there an altar by the Jordan, a great altar for
+a show.*
+
+11 And the children of Israel heai'd, as
+followeth, Behold, the children of Reiiben and
+the children of Gad and the half tribe of Me-
+nasseh have built an altar in the front of the
+land of Canaan, in the districts of the Jor-
+dan, at the side belonging to the children of
+Israel.
+
+12 And when the children of Israel heard
+it, the whole congregation of the children of
+Israel assembled themselves together at Shi-
+loh, to go up against them to war.*
+
+13 ^ And the children of Israel sent unto
+the children of Reuben, and to the children
+of Gad, and the half tribe of Menasseh, into
+the land of Gil'ad, Pliinehas the son of Elazar
+the priest,
+
+14 And ten princes with him, one prince
+each for every division of all the tribes of
+Israel; and each one was a head of their
+itxmily divisions among the thousands" of Is-
+rael.
+
+15 And they came unto the children of
+Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to
+the half tribe of Menasseh, unto the land of
+Gil'ad, and they spoke with them, saying,
+
+J. 6 Thus have said the whole congregation
+of the Lord, What trespass is this that ye
+have committed against the God of Israel to
+turn away this day from following the Lord,
+in that ye have built yourselves an altar, that
+ye might rebel this day against the Lord?
+
+17 Have we had too little in the iniquity
+of Peor, — from which we are not yet cleansed
+until this day, — when there was a j^lague in
+the congregation of the Lord?
+
+18 And will ye turn away this day from
+following the Lord ? and it will be, that when
+ye will rebel this day against the Lord, to-
+morrow he will be wroth with the whole con-
+gregation of Israel.
+
+V.) But, notwithstanding, if the land of
+your possession be unclean, then pass ye over
+unto the land of the possession of the Lord,
+wherein dwelleth the tabernacle of the Lord,
+and take possession in the midst of us ; but
+
+• i. e. Not to sacrifice thereon, but merely as a monu-
+tiient, to be looked on, or, as in our text, "for a show."
+*■ Lit. "To the army."
+" Philippsou renders, " families."
+282
+
+
+rebel not against the Lord, and against us do
+not rebel, in building yourselves an altar, be-
+side the altar of the Lord our God.
+
+20 Did not 'Achan the son of Zerach com-
+mit a trespass on the devoted things, and
+wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel?
+and he, though but one man, perished not
+alone in his iniquity.
+
+21 ^ But the children of Reuben and the
+children of Gad and the half tribe of Menas-
+seh answered, and they spoke unto the heads
+of the thousands of Israel,
+
+22 The God of gods, the Eternal,^ the God
+of gods, the Eternal, he kuoweth, and Israel
+also shall know : if it be in rebellion, or if in
+transgression against the Lord, (aid" us not
+this day,)
+
+23 That we have built us an altar to turn
+away from following the Lord; or if to offer
+thereon burnt-offering or meat-offering, or if
+to offer thereon jjeace-offeiings, may the Lord
+himself require it ;^
+
+24 Or whether we have not done it for
+fear of this thing, saying. In time to come
+your children might say unto our children, as
+followeth. What have ye to do with the Lord,
+the God of Israel ?
+
+25 For the Lord hath made a boundary
+between us and you, ye children of Reuben
+and children of Gad, — the Jordan; ye have
+no part in the Lord : thus might your children
+make our children cease so as not to fear the
+Lord.
+
+26 Wherefore we said. Let us now act for
+ourselves to build this, altar, not for burnt-
+offering, nor for sacrifice;
+
+27 But it shall be a witness between us,
+and you, and our generations after us, that
+we may perform the service of the Lord be-
+fore him with our burnt^offerings, and with
+our sacrifices, and with our peace-offerings;
+aud that your children may not say in time
+to come to our children. Ye have no ^jortion
+in the Lord.
+
+28 And we said, that it shall be when they
+should say this to us and to our generations
+in time to come, that we may say. Behold the
+pattern of the altar of the Lord, which our
+fathers made, not for burnt^offering, nor for
+
+
+" "The Mighty One, God the Eternal."— Philippson.
+This construction agrees with the Massorah.
+• This is merely an ejaculatory address to God.
+' i. e. Punish it, after inquiring.
+
+
+JOSHUA XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+sacrifice ; but it is a witness between us and
+you.
+
+29 Far be it from us that we should rebel
+against the Lord, and turn away this day
+from following the Lord, to build an altar for
+burnt-oflering, for meat-offering, or for sacri-
+fice, beside the altar of the Lord our God
+that is before his dwelling.
+
+30 ^ And when Phinehas the priest, and
+the princes of the congregation and the heads
+of the thousands of Israel who were with him,
+heard the words which the children of Keii-
+ben and the children of Gad and the children
+of Menasseh had spoken, it was pleasing in
+their eyes.
+
+31 And Phinehas the son of Elazar the
+priest said unto the children of Reuben, and
+to the children of Gad, and to the children of
+Menasseh, This day do we know that the Lord
+is in our midst, because ye have not commit-
+ted this trespass against the Lord : now have
+ye delivered" the children of Israel out of the
+hand of the Lord.
+
+32 ^ And Phinehas the sou of Elazar the
+priest, and the princes, returned from the
+children of Reuben, and from the children of
+Gad, out of the land of Gil'ad, unto the land
+of Canaan, to the children of Israel, and they
+brought them word again.
+
+33 And the thing was pleasing in the eyes
+of the children of Israel ; and the children of
+Israel blessed God ; and they did not speak any
+more to go up against them to battle, to de-
+stroy the land wherein the children of Reuben
+and Gad dwelt.
+
+34 And the children of Reuben and the
+children of Gad called the altar (" 'Ed") -^ for
+(they said) it is' a witness between us that
+the Eternal is God.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 ^[ And it came to pass after many days,
+after the Lord had given rest unto Israel from
+all their enemies round about, and Joshua
+had grown old and was well stricken in age,
+
+2 That Joshua called for all Israel, for
+their elders, and for their heads, and for their
+judges, and for their officers, and said unto
+
+
+' i. e. Averted the dreaded punishment, by not commit-
+ting the imputed rebellion.
+
+*■ 'Ud signifies " witness;" it is not in the Hebrew, but
+supplied by the context. The passage might be rendered,
+
+
+them, I am become old and well stricken in
+age;
+
+3 And ye have yourselves seen all that the
+Lord your God hath done unto all these na-
+tions, because of you; for the Lord your God
+it is that hath fought for you.
+
+4 Behold, I have divided" unto you by lot
+those nations that yet remain, to be an in-
+heritance according to your tribes, from the
+Jordan, with all the nations that I have cut
+off, as far as the great sea, toward the setting
+of the sun.
+
+5 And the Lord your God will indeed ex-
+pel them from befoi'e you, and drive them
+out from before you ; and ye shall possess
+their land, as the Lord your God hath spoken
+unto you.
+
+6 But be ye very steadfast to keep and
+to do all that is written in the book of the
+law of Moses, so as not to turn aside there-
+from to the right or to the left;
+
+7 So as not to come among these nations,
+those that are left remaining near you; and of
+the name of their gods shall ye not make
+mention, nor cause any to swear thereby,
+neither shall ye serve them, nor bow your-
+selves down unto them;
+
+8 But unto the Lord your God shall ye
+cleave, as ye have done unto this day.
+
+9 And the Lord drove out from before you
+great and mighty nations; but as for you, no
+man hath been able to stand up before you
+unto this day.
+
+10 One man of you can chase a thousand;
+for the Lord your God it is that fighteth ibr
+you, as he hath spoken unto you.
+
+11 Take good heed therefore for your
+souls' sake, to love the Lord your God.
+
+12 For if ye do in any wise turn back, and
+cleave unto the remnant of these nations,
+those that are left remaining near you, and
+make marriages with them, and come in
+among them, and they among you :
+
+13 Know for a certainty that the Lord
+your God will no more drive out these nations
+from before you; but they shall be snares and
+traps unto you, and scourges in your sides,
+and stings in your eyes, until ye perish from
+
+
+"And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad,
+gave the altar a name ; for," &c.
+
+° 'nSiJn Lit. "I have caused to fall," viz. Siun "by
+lot;" hence the phrase, "I have divided by Int."
+
+28.'J
+
+
+JOSHUA XXITT. XXIV.
+
+
+off this good land which the Loud your God
+hath given you.
+
+14 And, behold, I am going this day the
+way of all the earth ; and ye know with all your
+heart and with all your soul, that not one thing
+hath failed of all the good things* which the
+Lord your God spoke concerning you : all are
+come to pass unto you, not one thing thereof
+hath failed.
+
+15 But it shall come to pass, that as every
+good thing is come upon you, which the Lord
+your God spoke unto you : so will the Lord
+bring upon you every evil thing, until he
+have destroyed you from off this good land
+which the Lord your God hath given unto
+you.
+
+16 When ye transgress the covenant of the
+Lord your God, which he hath commanded
+you, and go and serve other gods, and bow
+yourselves down to them : then will the anger
+of the Lord be kindled against you, and ye
+shall perish quickly from off the good land
+which he hath given unto you.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ And Joshua assembled all the tribes jl
+of Israel to Shechem ; and he called for the
+elders of Israel, and for their heads, and for i
+their judges, and for their officers, and they
+presented themselves'' before God.
+
+2 And Joshua said unto all the people,
+Thus hath said the Lord the God of Israel,
+On the other side of the river" did your
+fathers dwell in old time, even Terach, the
+father of Abraliam, and the father of Nachor;
+and they served other gods.
+
+3 And I took your father Abraham from
+the other side of the river, and I led him
+throughout all the land of Canaan; and I
+multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac.
+
+4 And 1 gave unto Isaac, Jacob and Esau :
+and I gave unto Esau mount Seir, to possess
+it; but Jacob and his children went down into
+Egypt.
+
+5 And I sent Mo.ses and Aaron, and I
+plagued Egypt in the manner as I have done
+among them; and after that I brought you
+out.
+
+6 And I brought your fathers out of Egypt;
+
+
+* Philippson, "Not one word," "good words."
+'■ Lit. " Placed themselves standing."
+' The Euphrates.
+
+284
+
+
+and ye came unto the sea; and the Egyptians
+pursued after your fathers with chariots and
+horsemen unto the Red Sea.
+
+7 And they cried unto the Lord, and he
+put darkness between you and the Egyptians,
+and he brought the sea over them, and covered
+them ; and your eyes saw what I had done on
+Egypt; and ye dwelt in the wilderness many
+days.
+
+8 And I brought you into the land of the
+Emorites, that dwelt on the other side of the
+Jordan ; and they fought with 30U : and I gave
+them into your hand, and ye took possession
+of their land; and I destroyed them from
+before you.
+
+9 Then Balak the son of Zippor, the king
+of Moab, arose and warred'' against Israel ;
+and he sent and called Bil'am the son of
+Beor to curse you ;
+
+10 And I would not hearken unto Bil'am;
+but he had to bless you instead: and I de-
+livered you out of his hand.
+
+11 And ye passed over the Jordan, and
+came unto Jericho ; and then fought the men
+of Jericho against you, the Emorites, and the
+Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hit-
+tites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and
+the Jebusites: and I gave them up into your
+hand.
+
+12 And I sent before you the hornet which
+drove them out from before you, even the
+two kings of the Emorites: not with thy
+sword, and not with thy bow.
+
+13 And I gave you a land for which ye
+had not toiled, and cities which ye had not
+built, and ye dwell in them : of vineyards and
+oliveyards which ye planted not do ye eat.
+
+14 Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve
+him in sincerity and in truth ; and put awa}'
+the gods which your fathers served on the
+other side of the river and in Egypt, and
+serve the Lord.
+
+15 And if it be displeasing in your eyes to
+serve the Lord, choose for yourselves this
+day whom ye will serve: whether the gods
+which your fathers that were on the other
+side of the river served, or the gods of the
+Emorites, in whose land ye dwell ; but as for
+me and my house, we will serve the Lord.
+
+^ Balak did not make actual war, but his intention to
+do so (Num. xxii. 6) was accounted as though he had done
+so. — After Redak.
+
+
+JOSHUA XXIV.
+
+
+16 ^ And the people answered and said.
+Far be it from us to forsake the Lord, to serve
+other gods;
+
+17 For the Lord our God it is that hath
+brought us and our fathers up out of the land
+of Egypt, from the house of slavery, and who
+hath done those great signs before our eyes, and
+preserved us upon all the way whereon we
+have gone, and among all the people through
+the midst of whom we have passed :
+
+18 And the Lord hath driven out all the
+nations, and the Emorites who dwelt in the
+land, from before us; therefore also will we
+serve the Lord ; for he is our God.
+
+19 And Joshua said unto the people, Ye
+will not be able" to serve the Lord; for he is
+a holy God; he is a watchful God; he will
+not have any indulgence for j'our transgres-
+sions and for your sins;
+
+20 If ye forsake the Lord, and serve
+strange gods, then will he again do you
+evil,* and consume you, after that he liatli
+done you good.
+
+21 And the people said unto Joshua.
+No; nevertheless the Lord will we serve.
+
+22 And Joshua said unto the people. Ye
+are witnesses against yourselves that ye
+yourselves have chosen for you the Lord,
+to serve him. And they said. We are wit-
+nesses.
+
+23 And" now put away the strange gods
+which are in the midst of you, and incline
+your heart unto the Lord the God of Is-
+rael.
+
+24 And the people said unto Joshua, The
+Lord our God will we serve, and his voice
+will we obey.
+
+25 And Joshua made a covenant with the
+
+
+" Meaning, it is not an easy thing to comply with the
+demands of religion; hence the repeated warning, that
+with choosing to be Israelites, our fathers also accepted the
+responsibility and punishment for sin.
+
+
+j^eople on that day, and set them a statute*
+and an ordinance in Shechem.
+
+26 And Joshua wrote these words in the
+book of the law of God ; and he took a great
+stone, and set it up there under the oak, that
+v^as by the snnctuar}' of the Lord.
+
+27 Tf And Joshua said unto all the jDeople,
+Behold, this stone shall be among us as a wit-
+ness; for it hath heard all the words of the
+Lord which lie spoke unto us: it shall be
+therefore as a witness against you, that ye
+may not deny your God.
+
+28 And Joshua let the people depart, every
+man unto his inheritance.
+
+29 ^ And it came to jjass after these
+things, that Joshua the son of Nun, the ser-
+vant of the Lord, died, one hundred and ten
+years old.
+
+30 And they buried him on the border of
+his inheritance at Timnath-serach, which is
+on the mountain of Ephraim, on the north
+side of mount Ga'ash.
+
+31 And Israel served the Lord all the days
+of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who
+lived many days after Joshua, and who had
+known all the deeds of the Lord, that he had
+done for Israel.
+
+32 And tlte bones of Joseph, which the
+children of Israel had brought up out of
+Egypt, they buried in Shechem, in a parcel
+of the field which Jacob had bought of the
+sons of Chanior the father of Shechem for one
+hundred kessitah : and it remained the in-
+heritance of the children of Joseph.
+
+33 And Elazar the son of Aaron died; and
+they buried him on the hill of Phinehas his
+son, which was given him in the mountain of
+Ephraim.
+
+
+' Lit. " He will return and do," &c.
+° This is the farther speech of Joshua.
+^ "He laid there before them the statutes in the law.s,
+and they accepted them." — Rashi.
+
+285
+
+
+THE BOOK OF JUDGES,
+
+D'OfiW "IQD.
+
+CONTAENING THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL FROM THE DEATH OF JOSHUA TO THE
+
+BIRTH OF SAMUEL.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass after the death
+of Joshua, that the children of Israel asked
+the Lord, saying, Who shall go up for us
+against the Canaanites at the first, to fight
+against them?
+
+2 And the Lord said, Judah shall go up;
+behold, I have delivered" the land into his
+hand.
+
+3 And Judah said unto Simeon his brother,
+Come up with me into my lot, and we will
+fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise
+will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon
+went with him.''
+
+4 And Judah went up; and the Lord de-
+livered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into
+their hand; and they smote (of) them in
+Bezek ten thousand men.
+
+5 And they found Adoni-bezek in Bezek ;
+and they fought against him, and they smote
+the Canaanites and the Perizzites.
+
+6 But Adoni-bezek fled ; and they pursued
+after him, and caught him, and cut off his
+thumbs and his great toes.
+
+7 And Adoni-bezek said, Seventy kings,"
+having their thumbs and their great toes cut
+ofi", gathered food under my table: as I have
+done, so hath God requited me. And they
+brought him to Jerusalem, and he died
+there.
+
+8 ][ And the children of Judah fought
+against Jerusalem,'' and captured it, and they
+smote it with the edge of the sword, and the
+city they set on fire.
+
+9 And afterward did the children of Judah
+go down to fight against the Canaanites, that
+
+• Lit. "Given."
+
+'' As tbo country of Simeon was embraced within the
+territory of Judah, it was to be expected tliat the final
+conquest should be undertaken by both tribes combined.
+286
+
+
+dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and
+in the lowlands.
+
+10 And Judah went against the Canaanites
+that dwelt in Hebron; (now the name of
+Hebron was formerly Kiryath-arba';) and
+they smote Sheshai, and Achiman, and Tal-
+mai.
+
+11 And he went from there against the in-
+habitants of Debir; and the name of Debir
+was formerly Kiryath-sepher :
+
+12 And Caleb said, He that will smite
+Kiryath-sepher, and capture it, to him Avill I
+give 'Achsah my daughter for wife.
+
+13 And 'Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's
+younger brother, captured it: and he gave
+him 'Achsah his daughter for wife.
+
+14 And it came to pass, when she came to
+him, that she persuaded him to ask of her
+father a field: and she alighted from off her
+ass; and Caleb said unto her, What aileth
+thee?
+
+15 And she said unto him, Give me a
+blessing; for thou hast given me a dry land:
+give me also springs of water. And Caleb
+gave her the upper springs and the nether
+springs.
+
+16 ^ And the children of the Kenite, the
+father-in-law of Moses, went up out of the
+city of palm-trees with the children of Judah
+into the wilderness of Judah, Avhich is at the
+south of 'Arad; and they went and dwelt
+with -the people.
+
+17 And Judah went with Simeon his bro-
+ther, and they smote the Canaanites that in-
+habited Zephath, and devoted it. And the
+name of the city was called Chormali.
+
+18 A)ul Judah captured Gazzah with itsterri-
+
+° "Kings" means no doubt all independent chiefs or
+sheiks of villages, as they exist yet in the East. So alsc
+seventy may be an indefinite number, signifying many.
+
+'' Correctly, Yerushalaylm
+
+
+JUDGES T. II.
+
+
+fory, and Aslikelon with its territory, and
+'Ekron with its territory.
+
+19 And the Lord was with Jndah; and he
+took possession of the mountain ; but" could
+not drive out the inhabitants of the valley,
+because they had chariots of iron.
+
+20 And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as
+Moses had spoken; and he drove out thence
+the three sons of 'Anak.
+
+21 And the Jebusites that inhabited Jeru-
+salem, the children of Benjamin did not drive
+out ; but the Jebusites dwelt Avith the children
+of Benjamin in Jerusalem until this day.
+
+22 "if And the house of Joseph, these also,
+went up against Beth-el ; and the Lord was
+with them.
+
+2.3 And the house of Joseph sent to spy
+out Beth-el : now the name of the city formerly
+was Luz.
+
+24 And the watchers saw a man coming
+forth out of the city, and they said unto him.
+Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the
+city, and we will show thee kindness.
+
+25 And he showed them the entrance into
+the city, and they smote the city with the
+edge of the sword; but the man and all his
+family they let go free.
+
+26 And the man went into the land of the
+Hittites, and built a city, and called its name
+Luz: this is its name unto this day.
+
+27 ][ Neither did Menasseh drive out (the
+inhabitants of) Beth-shean and its towns, nor
+Ta'anach and its towns, nor the inhabitants
+of Dor and its toAvns, nor the inhabitants of
+Yibleam and its towns, nor the inhabitants
+of Megiddo and its towns ; but the Canaanites
+succeeded'' to remain in this land.
+
+28 And it came to pass, when Israel be-
+came strong, that they put the Canaanites to
+tribute; but they did not drive them out en-
+tirely.
+
+29 ^[ Neither did Ephraim drive out the
+Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; and the Ca-
+naanites dwelt in the midst of them at Gezer.
+
+
+" Sachs and cithers, " For the inhabitants of the valley
+were not to be driven out." Jonathan, "But after that,
+as they sinned, they could not expel the inhabitants of the
+plain."
+
+'' After Sachs; others, "They were content," meaning,
+" not to encroach elsewhere;" Philippson, " they began;"
+Herxheimer, "undertook."
+
+° Lit. " As the hand of the house of Joseph grew
+heavy," which means that the Emorites who resisted the
+Danites were at length overcome by the tribe of Ephraim.
+
+
+30 *{\ Zebulun did not drive out the inhabit-
+ants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Naha-
+lol; and the Canaanites dwelt in the midst of
+them, and became tributary.
+
+31 ][ Asher did not drive out the inhabit-
+ants of 'Akko, nor the inhabitants of Zidon,
+nor of Achlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Chelbah,
+nor of Aphik, nor of Rechob ;
+
+32 And the Asherites dwelt in the midst
+of the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land ;
+for the}' did not drive them out.
+
+33 ^1 Naphtali did not drive out the inhabit-
+ants of Beth-shemesh, nor the inhabitants of
+Beth-'anath ; and he dwelt in the midst of tlic
+Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land ; never-
+theless the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and
+of Beth-'anath became tributary unto them.
+
+34 And the Emorites forced the children
+of Dan into the mountain ; for they would not
+suffer them to come down into the valley ;
+
+35 And the Emorites succeeded to remain
+on mount Cheres, in Ayalon, and in Slui'al-
+bim ; but when the hand of the house of Joseph
+prevailed," they became tributary.
+
+36 And the territory of the Emorites was
+from the ascent of 'Akrabbim, from the Rock*
+upward.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ And a messenger of the Lord came
+up from Gilgal to Bochim,
+
+^ And he said, I cau.sed you to go up out
+of Egypt, and I brought you unto the land
+which I had sworn unto your fathers; and I
+said, I will not break my covenant with you
+for ever.
+
+2 But ye for your part shall make no cove-
+nant with the inhabitants of this land; their
+altars shall ye throw down; but ye have not
+obeyed my voice: what is this ye have done?
+
+3 And I also have said, I will not drive
+them out from before you; but they shall be
+evil neighbours to .you," and their gods shall
+become a snare unto you.
+
+'' Sela'; no doubt, Petra, in Edom, the capital of Ara-
+bia Petrwa, which was called after it. " And upward"
+means farther to the southern mountain range.
+
+' In Num. xxxiii. 55, D'li'S has been given with "as
+thorns;" it might be rendered here again .so, "they shall
+be to you as thorns;" but as the word stands unconnected,
+Rashi has been followed, who gives, " that they shall at-
+tack your sides with troops and armies to rob and plun-
+der." Jonathan translates i'p'i'oS "as terrors." Our
+version embraces all the ideas.
+
+287
+
+
+JUDGES II. III.
+
+
+4 And it came to pass, when the messenger
+of the Lord spoke these words unto all the
+children of Israel, that the people lifted up
+their voice, and wept.
+
+5 And they called the name of that place,
+Bochim ;" and they sacrificed there unto the
+Lord.
+
+6 Tl And wheu*" Joshua had let the people go,
+the children of Israel went every man unto
+his inheritance to take possession of the land.
+
+7 And the people served the Lord all the
+days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders
+that lived many days after Joshua, who had
+seen all the great deeds of the Lord, which he
+had done for Israel.
+
+8 Then died Joshua the son of Nun, the
+servant of the Lord, being one hundred and
+ten years old.
+
+9 And they buried him on the border of
+his inheritance in Timnath-cheres, in the
+mountain of Ephraim, on the north side of
+mount Ga'ash.
+
+10 And also all that generation were
+gathered unto their fathers; and there arose
+another generation after them, who knew not
+the Lord, and likewise not the deeds which
+he had done for Israel.
+
+11 Tl And the children of Israel did the evil
+in the eyes of the Lord, and served the Be'alim :
+
+12 And they forsook the Lord the God of
+their fathers, who had brouglit them out of
+the land of Egypt, and they went after other
+gods, of the gods of the nations that were
+round about them, and they bowed themselves
+unto them, and incensed the Lord.
+
+13 And they forsook the Lord, and served
+Baiil and 'Ashtaroth.
+
+14 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against Israel, and he delivered them into the
+hand of spoilers who spoiled them, and he
+sold them into the hand of their enemies
+round about, and they were not able any
+longer to stand before their enemies.
+
+15 Whithersoever they went out, the hand
+of the Lord was against them for evil, as the
+Lord had spoken, and as the Lord had sworn
+unto them : and they were greatly distressed.
+
+
+* That is, " weepers."
+
+" This passage (6 to 10) refers back to the narrative at
+the end of the boot nf Josluia, which has been interrupted
+by the account of the conquest of the land.
+
+" Namely, the war.-; nf ('muiuih lucntinnod in verse 1.
+Bashi comments: "Ouly fur this pur(M)se did God leave
+288
+
+
+16 And the Lord raised up judges, and
+they delivered them out of the hand of those
+that spoiled them.
+
+17 But also unto their judges they did not
+hearken; but they went astray after other
+gods, and bowed themselves unto them: they
+turned quickly out of the way which their
+fathers had walked in, to obey the command-
+ments of the Lord; the}' did not so.
+
+18 And when the Lord raised them up
+judges, then was the Lord with the judge,
+and he delivered them out of the hand of their
+enemies all the days of the judge; for the
+Lord bethought himself because of their
+groaning by reason of those that oppressed
+them and ill-treated them.
+
+19 And it came to ]3ass, when the judge
+died, that they returned, and became more
+corrupt than their fathers, in going after
+other gods to serve them, and to bow down
+unto them: they omitted nothing from their
+doings, and from their stubborn way.
+
+20 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against Israel; and he said, For the cause
+that this people have transgressed my cove-
+nant which I commanded their fathers, and
+have not hearkened unto my voice :
+
+21 So Avill I also for my part not drive out
+henceforth any man from before them out of
+the nations which Joshua left when he died;
+
+22 In order to prove through them the
+Israelites, whether they will keep the way of
+the Lord, to walk therein, as their fathers
+did keep it, or not.
+
+23 And thus did the Lord leave these na-
+tions, so as not to drive them out speedily ; and
+he delivered them not into the hand of Joshua.
+
+CHAPTER HI.
+
+1 ^ Now these are the nations that the
+Lord left, to prove by them the Israelites,
+namely, all those who had not experienced
+all the wars of Canaan ;
+
+2 Only in order that the future generations
+of the children of Israel might obtain know-
+ledge, to teach them war ; but only such as
+before had learned nothing thereof;*^
+
+them, that the future generations of Israel might know
+and understand the effects of sinning, since they would be
+compelled to learn war; while, however, (pi) before, when
+they were ready to servo the Lord, they had no know-
+ledge of these wars and their pomps, and had no need of
+them."
+
+
+JUDGES III.
+
+
+3 Namely, the five lords of the Philistines,
+and all the Canaanites, and the Zidoniaiis.
+and the Hivites that dwelt on mount Leba-
+non, from mount Ba'al-chermon unto the en-
+trance" of Chamath.
+
+4 And they were left to prove by them
+the Israelites, to know whether they would
+hearken unto the commandments of the Lord,
+which he had commanded their fa fliers by
+the hand of Moses.
+
+5 And the children of Israel dwelt in the
+midst of the Canaanites, the Hittites, and the
+Emorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites,
+and the Jebusites;
+
+6 And they took their daughters to them-
+selves for wives, and their daughters they
+gave to their sons; and they served their
+gods.
+
+7 ][ And the children of Israel did (thus)
+the evil in the eyes of the Lord, and forgot
+the Lord their God, and served the Be'alim
+and the groves.*"
+
+8 Wherefore the anger of the Lord was
+kindled against Israel, and he sold them into
+the hand of Cushan-rish'atliayim the king
+of Mesopotamia; and the children of Israel
+served Cushan-rish'athayim eight years.
+
+9 And the childi-en of Israel cried then
+unto the Lord, and the Lord raised up a de-
+liverer to the children of Israel, who delivered
+them, namely, 'Othniel the son of Kenaz, the
+younger brother of Caleb.
+
+10 And the spirit of the Lord came over
+him, and he judged Israel, and went out to
+battle: and the Lord delivered Cushan-rish-
+'athayim the king of Mesopotamia into his
+hand; and his hand prevailed over Cushan-
+rish'athayim.
+
+11 And the land had rest forty years; and
+then died 'Othniel the son of Kenaz.
+
+12 ][ And the children of Isi-ael did again
+the evil in the eyes of the Lord; and the
+Lord strengthened 'Eglon the king of Moab
+against Israel, because they had done the evil
+in the eyes of the Lord.
+
+13 And he gathered unto him the children
+
+
+' Called at a later period " Coelesyria."
+
+'' Sachs leaves nntys untranslated, "Asheroth." Phi-
+lippson, "the Astart6s," as though it were 'AshtarDth, and
+says, that the Phoenicians placed the statue of this idol,
+"the goddess of fortune," in groves.
+
+' After Rashi and Jonathan; others, "left-handed,"
+and others again, "using both hands alike."
+2 M
+
+
+of 'Ammon and 'Amalek, and they went and
+smote Israel, and took possession of the city
+of palm-trees.
+
+14 And the children of Israel served 'Eg-
+lon the king of Moab eighteen years.
+
+15 But the children of Israel cried tlien
+unto the Lord; and the Lord raised up unto
+them a deliverer, Ehud the son of Gera a
+Benjamite, a man who was lamed in his right
+hand ;" and the children of Israel sent by him
+a present unto 'Eglon the king of Moab.
+
+16 But Ehud made himself a sword which
+had two edges, of a cubit length; and he
+girded it under his garments upon his right
+thigh."
+
+17 And he brought the present near unto
+'Eglon the king of Moalj; now 'Eglon was a
+very fat man.
+
+18 And it canae to pass when he had made
+an end to ofier the present, that he sent away
+the people who had borne the present.
+
+19 But he himself returned again from the
+quarries that were by Gilgal, and said, I have
+a secret word unto thee, O king. And he said,
+Keep silence. And thereupon went out from
+his jDresence all that stood Ijy him.
+
+20 And Ehud came in unto him; and he
+was sitting in the summer upper chamber,"
+which was for himself alone. And Ehud
+said, I have a word of God unto thee. And
+he arose out of his chair.
+
+21 And Ehud stretched forth his left hand,
+and took the sword from his right thigh, and
+thrust it into his body.
+
+22 And the haft also went in after tlie
+blade; and the fat closed upon the blade; for
+he did not draw the sword out of his body,
+and it passed into the fundament.
+
+23 And Ehud went forth into the ante-
+room, and shat*^ the doors of the upper cham-
+ber after him, and locked them.
+
+24 He was just gone out, when his ser-
+vants came; and they saw, behold, the doors
+of the upper chamber were locked ; antl they
+said, Surely he covereth his feet in the sum-
+mer chamjjer.
+
+
+"* To have it ready for grasping with his left hand.
+" Lit. "a cooling upper-room," or the chamber under
+the roof of the house, which was open to the cooling
+winds; often used for private conversation (1 Sam. ix.
+26,) or prayer (2 Kings xxiii. P2).
+
+' Sachs and others, "locked the doors — and bolted
+il them."
+
+283
+
+
+JUDGES III. IV.
+
+
+25 And they tarried till they were ashamed ;
+and behold, he opened not the doors of the
+upper chamber; wherefore they took the key
+and opened them : and, behold, their lord was
+lying dead on the floor.
+
+26 And Ehud had escaped while they were
+tarrying, and passed beyond the quarries, and
+escaped unto Se'irah.*
+
+27 And it came to pass, when he was
+come, that he blew the cornet on the moun-
+tain of Ephraim, and the children of Israel
+went down witli him from the mountain, and
+he before them.
+
+28 And he said unto them, Pursue after
+me; for the Lord hath delivered your enemies,
+the MoJibites, into your hand. And they
+went down after him, and seized on the fords
+of the Jordan toward Moab, and suffered not
+a man to pass over.
+
+29 And they smote of Moab at that time
+about ten thousand men, all lusty, and all
+men of valour; and there escaped not a man.
+
+30 And Moiib was humbled that day under
+the hand of Israel. And the land had rest
+eighty years.
+
+31 Tl And after him was Shamgar the son
+of 'Anath, who smote of the Philistines six
+hundred men with an ox-goad;'' and he also
+delivered Israel.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ And the children of Israel again did
+the evil in the eyes of the Lord, when Ehud
+was dead.
+
+2 And the Lord sold them into the hand
+of Yabin the king of Canaan, that reigned in
+Chazor; and the captain of his army was
+Sissera, who dwelt in Charosheth-hago}am.
+
+3 And the children of Israel cried unto the
+Lord; for he had nine hundred chariots of
+iron; and he oppressed the cliildren of Israel
+with might twenty years.
+
+4 And Deljorah, a prophetess, the wife of
+Lapidotli, — she judged Israel at that time.
+
+5 And she held her sitting under the palm-
+tree of Deborah between Rumah and Beth-el
+on the mountain of Ephraim : and the chil-
+dren of Israel came up to her for judgment.
+
+
+' "Bnisli-wood." — -RAsni.
+
+'■ A long stick, armed at tlie oikI with a sharp point,
+for driving oxen ; a powerful instrument in the hand of a
+strong man.
+
+-^Heb. "sell."
+290
+
+
+6 And she sent and called Barak the son
+of Abino'am out of Kedesh-naphtali; and she
+said unto him, Behold, the Lord the God of
+Israel hath commanded, Go and lead on to-
+ward mount Tabor, and take with thee ten
+thousand men of the children of Naphtali
+and of the children of Zebulun.
+
+7 And I will draw unto thee. t(i the brook
+Kishon, Sissera, the captain of Yabin's army,
+and his chariots and his multitude; and I
+will give him up into thy hand.
+
+8 And Barak said unto her, If thou wilt
+go with me, then will I go; but if thou wilt
+not go with me, I will not go.
+
+9 And she said, I will indeed go with thee;
+nevertheless it will not be for thy honour, on
+the way which thou goest; for into the hand
+of a woman will the Lord deliver" Sissera;
+and Deborah arose, and went with Barak to
+Kedesh.
+
+10 And Barak called Zebulun and Naph-
+tali together to Kedesh; and there went up
+in his train ten thousand men; also Deborah
+went up with him.
+
+11 Now Cheber the Kenite had severed
+himself from the Kenites, from the children
+of Chobab the father-in-law of Moses ; and he
+had pitched his tent as far as* Elon-beza'a-
+nannim, which is near Kedesh.
+
+12 And they told Sissera that Barak the
+son of Abino'am was gone up to mount Ta-
+bor.
+
+13 And Sissera called together all his cha-
+riots, nine hundred chariots of iron, and all
+the people that were with him, from Cha-
+rosheth-hagoyim unto the brook Kishon.
+
+14 And Deborah said unto Barak, Up ! for
+this is the day on which the Lord hath given
+Sissera into thy hand; behold, the Lord is
+gone out before thee: so Barak went down
+from mount Tabor, with ten thousand men
+after him.
+
+15 And the Lord confounded Sissera, and
+all his chariots, and all his army," with the
+edge of the sword before Barak ; and Sissera
+alighted from his chariot, and fled away on
+foot.
+
+16 And Barak pursued after the chariots.
+
+
+■* Meaning that, in moving about with his herds, he had
+extended his p.asture-ground to the place indicated. (Sec
+also Gen. xiii. 12.) Eton is translated by others, "the
+grove of Za'anannim."
+
+• Lit "camp;" or, "those who mnlse up the camp "
+
+
+JUDGES IV. V.
+
+
+and after the army, unto Charosheth-hagoyira :
+and all the army of Sissera fell by the edge of
+the sword ; there was not left even one.
+
+17 But Sissera" had fled away on foot to
+the tent of Ja'el the wife of Cheber the Kc-
+nite; for there was peace between Yabin the
+king of Chazor and the house of Cheber the
+Kenite.
+
+18 And Ja'el went out to meet Sissera,
+and said unto him. Turn in, my lord, turn in
+unto me, fear not: and he turned in unto her
+into the tent, and she covered him with a
+blanket.
+
+19 And he said unto her. Give me to
+drink, I prjiy thee, a little water; for I am
+thirsty : and she opened a bottle of milk, and
+gave him to drink, and covered him up.
+
+20 And he said unto her, Stand at the
+door of the tent; and it shall be, that. when
+any man should come and ask of thee, and
+say, Is there any man here? thou shalt say,
+No.
+
+21 And Ja'el the wife of Cheber took there-
+upon the nail of the tent, and placed a ham-
+mer in her hand, and went softly unto him,
+and struck the nail into his temple, and it be-
+came fastened in the ground ;'' but he was fast
+asleep and weary; so he died.
+
+22 And, behold, Barak came in pursuit of
+Sissera, and Ja'el came out to meet him, and
+said unto him. Come, and I will show thee
+the man whom thou art seeking: and he
+came to her, and behold, Sissera was lying
+dead, with the nail in his temple.
+
+2-3 So did God humljle on that day Yabin
+the king of Canaan before the children of
+Israel.
+
+24 And the hand of the children of Israel
+
+
+' This is quite iu accordance with the manner of the
+writers of the Bible; they first give an account in general
+terms, and next they relate the particulars which resulted
+to one or more of the persons in the narrative.
+
+'' Arnheim renders "inxn njvni "she (Ja'el) cowered
+down on the ground," viz. for the purpose of striking.
+
+° After Rashi, Arnheim, and Sachs. (Exod. xxxii.
+25.) Philippson renders nU'^^S with "princes," and de-
+rives it from an Arabic root, .signifying "to lead in a
+matter;" and translates, "that in their might aro.se the
+princes in Israel; that the people," &c. Herxheimcr,
+"wheu deliverance (Num. v. l8) was effected in Israel."
+According to our version, this verse forms the retrospect
+upon the past.
+
+■"Ra.slii; but Sachs and others, after the Septuagint,
+make t^i! "a chief;" hence ]n^£l "princes;" "the princes
+ceased;" but the text requires no such forced construction.
+
+
+became constantly heavier upon Yabin the
+king of Canaan, until they had destroj'ed
+Yabin the king of Canaan.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^f Then sang Deborah with Barak tlie
+son of Abino'am on that day, saying,
+
+2 When depravity'' had broken out in
+Israel, then did the people ofl!er themselves
+willingly; (therefore) praise ye the Lord.
+
+3 Hear, 0 kings; give ear, 0 princes; I —
+unto the Lord will I sing; I will sing praise
+to the Lord, the God of Israel.
+
+4 Lord, at thy going forth out of Seir, at
+thy marching along out of the field of Edom,
+the earth trembled, also the heavens dropped,
+also the clouds dropped water.
+
+5 The mountains melted away because of
+the presence of the Lord, yonder Sinai, be-
+cause of the presence of the Lord, the God of
+Israel.
+
+6 In the days of Shamgar the .son of 'Anatli,
+in the days of Ja'el, the highways were unoc-
+cupied, and those who travelled on roads
+walked through crooked by-paths.
+
+7 Desolate were the open towns'' in Israel,
+they were desolate, until that I arose, Debo-
+rah, that I arose a mother iu Israel.
+
+8 They chose new gods, then was there
+war in the gates: was there a shield seen or
+a spear among forty thousand in Israel?"
+
+9 My heart (belongeth) to the go\ernors of
+Israel, that offered themselves willingly among
+the people -J praise ye the Lord.
+
+10 Ye that ride on white asses, }e that sit
+in judgment,^ and ye who walk on the way,
+utter praise !
+
+11 (Urged on)"* by the voice of those who
+
+
+° Although they had arms, their sins caused them not
+to wield them, and to flee ingloriously.
+
+' This means, that her goodwill is for tho.se chiefs who
+volunteered with the people in time of danger.
+
+8 Ralbag makes "Middin" the name of a place, (Josh.
+XV. 61,) thus: "Those who had to stop at Middin for
+fear." Zunz and others, "on carpets," i e. who live at
+home; finst the "riders," next, "the sitters," and next,
+"the wanderers," are thus called on to thank God.
+
+'' "Instead of the voice of the archer.s," — Piulippso.v,
+D'SVno from I'n "arrow." Sachs, "louder than the call
+of those who divide," from ri'n "to divide;" /. e. those
+who sing praises shall now be able to speak out more
+freely than the shepherds do when they divide their flocks
+after watering them, without fearing the enemy. Our
+text says, that the people, incited by the shepherds, who
+now are again unmolested, shall sing.
+
+291
+
+
+JUDGES V.
+
+
+divide (the flocks) between the watering wells,
+there shall they rehearse the benefits of the
+TiORD, the benefits toward his open towns in
+Israel; (for) now go down (again) to the
+gates the people of the Lord.
+
+12 Awake, awake, Deborah! awake, awake,
+ntter a song! up, Barak, and lead away thy
+captives, son of Abino'am.
+
+13 Then obtained" dominion a few that
+had escaped for the nobles among the people
+— the Lord gave me dominion over the
+mighty.
+
+14 They whose root is out of Ephraim
+were against 'Amalek ; after thee, Benjamin,
+with thy armies; out of Machir came down
+lawgivers, and out of Zebulun they that
+handle the pen'' of the writer.
+
+15 And the princes of Issachar were with
+Deborah ; yea Issachar, the support" of Barak ;
+into the valley he hastened down in his
+train ; (but) at the streams'* of Reuben there
+were great thoughts" of heart.
+
+16 Why didst thou sit among the sheep-
+folds to hear the bleatings*^ of the flocks?
+At the streams of Reuben there were great
+searchings of heart.
+
+17 Gil'ad al)ode beyond the Jordan; and
+Dan — why would he tarry in ships? Asher
+remained on the seashore, and aljode near
+his bays.
+
+18 Zebulun is a people that jeoparded its
+life unto death, and Naphtali — on the high
+places of the (battle) field.
+
+19 There came kings, (and) fought, then
+fought the kings of Canaan, in Ta'anach by
+the waters of Megiddo : gain'' of money they
+took not away.
+
+20 From heaven they fought — the stars in
+their courses fought against Sissera.
+
+21 The stream of Kishon swept them
+away, that ancient*' stream, the stream of Ki-
+
+" After Sachs. Rashi, " Then obtained a remnant domi-
+nion over the nobles of the enemy." Philippson, "Then
+went down a handful against a mighty people, the Lord
+went down with me against the heroes," — taking tt
+yerad as equal to yarad; whereas the others make it de-
+rived from rm radoh, "to rule."
+
+^ After Jonathan. Zunz and others, " the staff of the
+writer." Philippson and Herxhcimer take l-JD sopher,
+"leader," referring to Jer. lii. 25, though there it is
+more likely ".secretary or scribe."
+
+° After Arnheim; but Rashi has it, "and the other
+men of Issachar likewise," p as thus, "were with Barak."
+In our version p is in the sense of "base," hence, "sup-
+port"
+
+
+shon : step along, 0 my soul, in victorious
+strength.
+
+22 Then were crushed the hoofs of the
+horses, through the jirancuigs, the prancings
+of their mighty ones.
+
+23 Curse ye Meroz, saith the messenger of
+the Lord, yea, curse ye bittei'ly its inhabit-
+ants; because they came not to the help of
+the Lord, to the help of the Lord among the
+mighty.
+
+24 Blessed above (other) women shall be
+Ja'el the wife of Cheber the Kenite, above
+(other) women (dwelling) in the tent may
+she be blessed.
+
+25 Water he asked, milk she gave (him) :
+in a lordly dish she brought him cream.
+
+26 Her hand she put forth to the nail, and
+her right hand to the laboi'ious workmen's
+hammer; and she hammered Sissera, she
+struck his head, and crushed and smote
+through his temple.
+
+27 Between her feet he bent, he fell, he
+lay ; between her feet he bent, he fell : where
+he had bent, there he fell down, bereft of
+life.
+
+28 Out of the window looked and uioaned
+the mother of Sissera, through the lattice,
+Why tarrieth his chariot so long in coming?
+why lag the wheels' of his chariot?
+
+29 The wise among her ladies answered
+her, she also returned a reply to herself,
+
+30 Will they not find, — divide booty? one
+maiden, two maidens lor every man, a booty
+of coloured garments for Sissera, a booty
+of coloured embroidered garments, coloured,
+double-worked garments round tlie necks of
+the captives?
+
+31 Thus may perish all thy enemies, 0
+Lord; but may those that love him be as the
+rising of the sun in his might. And tlie land
+had rest forty years.
+
+'' Rashi renders " in the divisions of the heart of Reii-
+ben." We have given it as "streams," after Ps. Ixv. 10.
+
+' i. e. Very cautious men, who would not venture into
+the battle.
+
+' Philippson, "pipes," in opposition to the "cornet" of
+the warrior.
+
+* Philippson after Thanchum, "a small piece of silver;"
+but Rashi comments, " they came to help Sissera without
+object of reward." It may mean, however, that they ob-
+tained no booty ; and it is then an ironical allusion to the
+shameful defeat of the Canaanites.
+
+'' "The battle stream." — Sachs and others.
+
+' Lit. "the steps of his chariots." Sachs, "the stepa
+of his teams,"
+
+
+JUDGES VI.
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ Anil the children of Israel did the evil
+in the eyes of the Lord: and the Lord deli-
+vered them into the hand of Midian seven
+years.
+
+2 And the hand of Midian prevailed over
+Israel; and because of the Midianites the
+children of Israel made for themselves the
+passes which are in the mountains, and the
+caves, and the strong-holds.
+
+3 And it was, when Israel had sown, that
+the Midianites came up, and the 'Amalekites,
+and tilt' children of the east, and they went
+up against them ;
+
+4 And they encamped against them, and
+destroyed the products of the earth, as far as
+Gazzah," and they left no sustenance for Israel,
+neither lamb, nor ox, nor ass.
+
+5 For they came up with their cattle and
+their tents, and came as locusts in multitude;
+and both they and their camels were without
+number; and they came into the land to de-
+stroy it.
+
+6 And Israel was greatly impoverished be-
+cause of the Midianites; and the children of
+Israel cried unto the Lord.
+
+7 ^ And it came to pass, when the chil-
+dren of Isi'ael had cried unto the Lord be-
+cause of the Midianites,
+
+8 That the Lord sent a prophet unto the
+children of Israel, and he said unto them.
+Thus hatli said the Lord the God of Israel,
+I led you forth out of Egypt, and brought
+you out of the house of slavery ;
+
+9 And I delivered you out of the hand of
+the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all that
+oppressed you, and I drove them out from be-
+fore you, and gave you their land ;
+
+10 And I said unto you, I am the Lord
+your God: ye shall not fear the gods of the
+Emorites, in whose land ye dwell; but ye
+have not obeyed my voice.
+
+11 ^ And there came an angel of the
+Lord, and sat down under the oak which was
+in 'Ophrah, that pertained unto Joiish'' the
+Abi'ezrite; and Gid'on" his sou was beating out
+
+
+* Lit. " until thou comest to Gazza."
+' Correctly Yoash.
+
+° Commonly spelled "Gideon."
+
+* i. e. Only a small quantity at a time, so as not to at-
+tract the watchful Midianites.
+
+" According to the Massorah, Gid'on addressed God, as
+
+
+wheat in the wine-press,* to hide it from the
+Midianites.
+
+12 And the angel of the Lord appeared
+unto him, and said unto him. The Lord is
+with thee, thou mighty man of Aulour.
+
+13 And Gid'on said unto him. Pardon, my
+lord, if the Lord be indeed with us, why then
+hath all this befallen us ? and where are all
+his wonders of which our fathers liave told us,
+saying, Did not the Lord bring us up from
+Egypt ? But now the Lord hath forsaken us,
+and delivered us into the hand of Midian.
+
+I-! And the Lord turned toward him, and
+said. Go in this thy might, and thou slialt
+save Israel from the hand of the Midianites:
+behold, I have sent thee.
+
+15 And he said unto him, Pardon my
+Lord," wherewith shall I save Israel? behold,
+my family is the weakest in Menasseh, and I
+am the youngest in my father's house.
+
+10 And the Lord said unto him, Because
+I will be with thee, and thou shalt smite the
+Midianites as one man.
+
+17 And he said unto him. If now I have
+found grace in thy eyes, then give me a sign*^
+that thou hast been speaking with me ;
+
+18 Depart not hence, I pray thee, until I
+come unto thee, and bring fortli my present,
+and set it before thee. And he said, I will
+tarry until thy return.
+
+19 And Gid'on went in, and made ready
+a kid, and unleavened cakes of an ephah of
+flour: the flesh he put in a basket, and the
+broth he put in a pot, and brought it out unto
+him under the oak, and presented it.
+
+20 And the angel of God said unto him.
+Take the flesh and the unleavened cakes, and
+lay them upon this rock, and the broth pour
+out. And he did so.
+
+21 Then the angel of the Lord put forth
+the end of the staft' that was in his hand, and
+touched the flesh and the unleavened cakes ;
+and there rose up fire out of the rock, and
+consumed the flesh and the unleavened cakes.
+And the angel of the Lord departed out of his
+sight.
+
+22 And when Gid'on perceived that it was
+
+
+it is written Adonay, not AJoiii. But our version is after
+Michlol Yophi.
+
+' Gid'on requested a token by which he could be certain
+that it was no delusion, his having been conversing with
+a messenger of God, or more yet, that he had received a
+direct communication from the Lord.
+
+293
+
+
+JUDGES VI. VII.
+
+
+an angel of the Lord, Gid'on said, Alas, 0
+Lord Eternal ! because I have surely seen an
+angel of the Lord face to fiice.
+
+23 And the Lord said unto him, Peace be
+unto thee ; fear not : thou shalt not die.
+
+24 And Gid'on built there an altar unto
+the Lord, and called it Adonaj-shalom [the
+Eternal of Peace :] unto this day it is yet in
+'Ophrah of the Abi'ezrites.
+
+25 ][ And it came to pass in the same night,
+that the Lord said unto him, Take thy fixther's
+young bullock, and the second bullock of
+seven years old, and throw down the altar of
+Baiil which belongeth to thy father, and the
+grove that is around it shalt thou cut down.
+
+26 And build an altar unto the Lord thy
+God upon the top of this rock, on the level
+place, and take the second bullock, and offer
+(it as) a burnt-sacrifice with the wood of the
+grove which thou shalt cut down.
+
+27 And Gid'on took ten men of his servants,
+and did as the Lord had spoken unto him ;
+but it came to pass, because he feared his
+father's household, and the men of the city, to
+do it by day, that he did it by night.
+
+28 And when the men of the city arose
+early in the morning, behold, the altar of
+Baal was overthrown, and the grove that was
+around it was cut down, and the second bullock
+was offered upon the altar which had been built.
+
+29 And they said one to another. Who
+hath done this thing? And they inquired
+and searched, and then said, Gid'on the son
+of Joash hath done this thing.
+
+.30 Thereupon said the men of the city unto
+Joiish, Bring out thy son, that he may die ;
+because he hath overthrown the altar of Baal,
+and because he hath cut down the grove that
+was around it.
+
+81 But Joash said unto all that stood
+around him. Will ye indeed contend for Baal ?
+will ye assist him? he that will contend for
+him, shall be put to death ; (wait)*" until morn-
+ing: if he be a god, let him contend for him-
+self, because one hath overthrown his altar.
+
+32 And the people called him on that day
+Yerubba'al," saying. Let Baiil contend against
+him, because he hath overthrown his altar.
+
+
+" i. e. The level part on the top of the rock ; this is the
+view of Jonathan.
+
+'' After Rashi, who supplies the word "wait."
+• From Yarili, "he shall contend."
+294
+
+
+33 ^\ And all the Midianites and 'Amalek-
+ites and the children of the east assembled to-
+gether, and went over* and encamped in the
+valley of Yizre'el.
+
+34 But the Spirit of the Lord endued
+Gid'on, and he blew the cornet: and Abi'ezer
+assembled and followed him.
+
+35 And he sent messengers throughout all
+Menasseh, who also assembled and followed
+him ; and he sent messengers through Asher,
+and through Zeljulun, and through Naphtali,
+and they came up to meet them.
+
+36 And Gid'on said unto God, If thou wilt
+save Israel by my hand, as thou hast spoken,
+
+37 Behold, I set up this fleece of wool in
+the threshing floor : if now there be dew on
+the fleece alone, and it be dry upon all the
+ground, then shall I know that thou Avilt save
+Israel by my hand, as thou hast spoken.
+
+38 And it was so; and when he rose up
+early on the morrow, he squeezed the fleece
+together, and wrung dew out of the fleece,
+(making) a bowl full of water.
+
+39 And Gid'on said unto God, Let not thy
+anger be kindled against me, and I will speak
+but this once (more); let me have a pi'oof, I
+pray thee, but this once more with the fleece;
+let it, I pray, be dry upon the fleece alone, and
+upon all the ground let there be dew.
+
+40 And God did so that night; and it was
+dry upon the fleece alone, and on all the
+ground there was dew.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 *\\ Then Yerubba'al, who is Gid'on, and
+all the people that were with him, rose up
+early, and encamped Ijeside the spring of Cha-
+rod; and the camp of the Midianites was on
+the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh,
+in the valley.
+
+2 ][ And the Lord said unto Gid'on, The
+people that are with thee are too many for
+me to give the Midianites info their hand:
+lest Israel should vaunt themselves against
+me, saying. My own hand hath saved me.
+
+3 Now therefore, do proclaim in the ears
+of the people, saying. Whosoever is fearful
+and afraid, let him return and depart early"
+
+
+" The Jordan.
+
+" i3i" from the Chaldaic N1-3X " morning." — Rashi.
+Redak renders it, " let them take a circuit." (Isaiah
+xxviii. 5.)
+
+
+JUDGES VII.
+
+
+from mount Gil'ad.' And there returncil of
+the people txN-enty and two thousand; and ten
+thousand remained.
+
+4 ^ And the Lord said mito Gid'on, The
+people are yet too many; let them go down
+unto the water, and I will try them for thee
+
+' there : and it sliall be, that of whom I will
+say unto thee, This one shall go with thee,
+the same shall go with thee ; and of whomso-
+ever I will say unto thee, This one shall not
+go with thee, tlie same sliall not go.
+
+5 ^ So he caused the people to go down
+unto the water : and the Lord said unto Gid'on,
+Every one that lappeth of the water with his
+tongue, as the dog lappeth, him shalt thou set
+by himself; likewise every one that bendeth
+down upon his knees to drink.
+
+6 Autl the number of those that lapped,
+putting their hand'' to their mouth, was three
+hundred men; but all the rest of the peojjle
+bent down upon their knees to drink water.
+
+7 ^[ And the Lord said unto Gid'on, By
+the three hundred men that lapped will I save
+you. and deliver the Midianites into thy hand ;
+and let all the other people go every man
+unto his place.
+
+8 And they took the provision of the peo-
+ple in their hand, and their cornets; and all
+the rest of Israel he dismissed, every man unto
+nis tent ; but those three hundred men he re-
+tained: and the camp of Midian was beneath
+him in the valley.
+
+9 ^ And it came to pass, during the same
+night, that the Lord said unto him, Arise,
+get thee down into the camjD ; for I have deli-
+vered it into thy hand.
+
+10 And if thou fear to go down, then go thou
+down with Purah thy servant to the camp.
+
+11 And thou shalt hear what they will
+say; and after that sliall tliy hands be
+strengthened, and thou wilt go down unto the
+camp. And he went down with Purah his
+servant unto the outside" of the armed men
+that were in the camp.
+
+12 And the Midianites and the 'Amalek-
+ites and all the children of the east lay along in
+the valley like the locusts for multitude; and
+
+
+" lliibbi Joseph Schwurz, in his Geography, page 164,
+alleges that there is, about one mile east of Strain, the
+ancient Yizre'el, a mount called Djebl Djulud, which he
+deems a corruption from Djilead, or the Gil'ad of this
+verse. Others explain that they might go back to mount
+Gil'ad proper, on the east side of the Jordan.
+
+
+their camels were without number, as the
+sand which is by the seaside for multitude.
+
+13 And when Gid'on was come, behold, a
+man was telling a dream unto his fellow, and
+said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream, and, lo,
+a baked cake of bailey bread was rolling
+round through the camp of Midian, and came
+unto the tent,'' and struck against it so that
+it fell, and it turned it bottom upward, and
+the tent thus tumbled down.
+
+14 And his fellow answered and said, Tliis
+is nothing else save the sword of Gid'on the
+son of Joash, a man of Israel; into whose
+hand God hath delivered Midian, and the
+whole camp.
+
+15 ^ And it was, when Gid'on heard the
+narration of the dream, and its interpretation,
+that he prostrated himself, and returned unto
+the camp of Israel, and said, Arise; for the
+Lord hath delivered into your hand the camp
+of Midian.
+
+16 And he divided the three hundred
+men into three companies, and he put cornets
+in the hand of all of them, with empty
+pitchers, and torches in the pitchei's.
+
+17 And he said unto them. What jou see
+me do, do ye likewise; and, behold, when I
+am come to the edge of the camp, it sliall be
+that, as I do, so shall ye do.
+
+18 When I blow the cornet, I and all that
+are with me, then shall 3e blow the cornets
+also on every side of all the camp, and say,
+For the Lord, and for Gid'on.
+
+19 ^ And Gid'on, and the hundred men
+that were with him, came unto the edge of
+the camp hi the beginning of the middle
+watch; when they had but newly set the
+sentinels : and they blew the comets, and broke
+the pitchers that were in their hand.
+
+20 And the three companies blew the cor-
+nets, and broke the pitchers, and seized with
+their lett hand the torches, and with their
+right hand the cornets to blow; and they
+cried. The sword for the Lord, and for Gid'on.
+
+21 And they remained standing every man
+in his place round about the camp; and all (in)
+the camp ran, and shouted, and tied.
+
+
+'' These put their hand into the spring and lapped the
+water out their hand; the others kneeled down in form
+and drank from the spring direct, or fetched it in buckets
+or their helmets.
+
+• Perhaps equal to the modern "outposts."
+
+^ No doubt that of the sheik.
+
+295
+
+
+JUDGES VII. VIII.
+
+
+22 And as the three hundred cornets
+sounded, the Lord set every man's sword
+against his fellow, even throughout all the
+camp;" and (those in) the camp tied as far
+as Beth-hashittah to Zererah, up to the border
+of Abelmecholah, near Tabbath.
+
+23 And the men of Israel were called to-
+gether out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and
+out of all Menasseh, and they pursued after
+the Midianites.
+
+24 And Gid'on sent messengers throughout
+all the mountain of Ephraim, saying, Come
+down against the Midianites, and seize from
+them the waters as f;xr as Beth-barah and the
+Jordan. And all tlie men of Ephraim assem-
+bled themselves, and seized on the waters as
+far as Beth-barah and the Jordan.
+
+25 And tliey captured two jarinces of
+the Midianites, 'Oreb and Zeeb; and they
+slew 'Oreb upon the rock 'Oreb, and Zeeb
+they slew at the winepress of Zeeb, and pur-
+sued the Midianites ; and the heads of 'Oreb
+and Zeeb they brought to Gid'on from'' the
+other side of the Jordan.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 And the men of Ephraim said unto him,
+What is this thing that thou hast done unto
+us, not to call for us, when thou wentest to
+fight with the Midianites? And they quar-
+relled with him vehemently.
+
+2 And he said unto them, What have I
+done now in comparison with you ? Is not the
+gleaning of Ephraim better than the vintage
+of Abi'ezer?
+
+3 Into your hand God delivered the princes
+of Midian, 'Oreb and Zeeb : and what have I
+been able to do in comparison with you ?
+Then was their anger" abated from him, when
+he had spoken this speech.
+
+4 And Gid'on came to the Jordan, and
+passed over, he, and the three hundred men
+that were with him, faint, and in pursuit.
+
+5 And he said unto the men of Succoth,
+Give, I pray you, a few loaves of bread unto
+the people that are in my train ; for they are
+
+
+' Sachs, " and against all the camp."
+
+*■ /. ('. These chiefs were slain on the east side of the
+Jordan, and their heads were brought to Gid'on before he
+passed the river.
+
+° Ileb. " spirit."
+
+'' After Sachs, as though it were SjT "^0. Jonathan, how-
+ever, leaves it untranslated, "are Zebacb and Zalmunna'."
+296
+
+
+faint, and I am pursuing after Zebach and
+Zalmunna,' the kings of Midian.
+
+6 And the princes of Succoth said, Is the
+sole'' of the foot of Zebach and Zalmunna' now
+already in thy hand, that we should give
+unto thy army bread ?
+
+7 And Gid'on said. Therefore when the*
+Lord hath delivered Zebach and Zalmunna'
+into my hand, then will I thresh your flesh
+with the thorns of the wilderness and with
+briers.
+
+8 And he went up thence to Penuiil, and
+spoke unto them in the same manner : and
+the men of Penuel answered him as the men
+of Succoth had answered."
+
+9 And he said also unto the men of Penuel
+thus, When I return again in peace, I will
+break down this tower.
+
+10 ^ Now Zebach and Zalmunna' were in
+Karkor, and their camps with them, about
+fifteen thousand men, all that had been left
+of all the camp of the children of the east ;
+but those who had fallen were one hundred
+and twenty thousand men that drew the
+sword.
+
+11 And Gid'on went up by the way of
+those that dwelt in tents,^ to the east of No-
+bach and Yogbehah, and smote the camp; but
+the camp thought itself secure.
+
+12 And Zebach and Zalmunna' fled; but he
+pursued after them, and captured the two
+kings of Midian, Zebach and Zalmunna', and
+all the camp he discomfited.^
+
+13 And Gid'on the son of Joash returned
+from the battle before the rising of the sun,
+
+14 And he caught a young man of the peo-
+ple of Succoth, and inquired of him : and he
+wrote down for him the princes of Succoth,
+and the elders thereof, seventy and seven
+men.
+
+15 And he came unto the men of Succoth,
+and said. Behold here are Zebach and Zal-
+munna', with whom ye derided me, saying.
+Is the sole of the foot of Zebach and Zal-
+munna' now already in thy hand, that we
+should give unto thy weary men bread ?
+
+" The people of Succoth and Penuel were evidently
+afraid of the vengeance of the Midianites in case they were
+to supply (Jid'du with food, deeming him too feeble to
+overcome the formidable army still in their neighbour-
+hood.
+
+' ('. r. The Nomadic tribes east of ralostine.
+
+« Ileb. " terrified."
+
+
+JUDCxES VIII. IX.
+
+
+16 And he took the elders of the city, and
+the thorns of the wilderness and briers, and
+chastised with them the men of Succoth.
+
+17 And the tower of Penuel he beat down,
+and slew the men of the city.
+
+18 And he said unto Zebach and Zal-
+munna', What kind of men were those whoni
+ye slew at Tabor? And they answered, As
+thou art, so were they ; one" was in form like
+that of the children of a king.
+
+19 And he said, They were my brothers,
+the sons of my mother; as the Lord liveth, if
+ye had spared them alive, I would not slay you.
+
+20 And he said unto Yether his first-born,
+Rise up, and slay them. But the youth drew
+not his sword ; for he was afraid, because he
+was yet a youth.
+
+21 Then said Zebach and Zalmunna', Rise
+thou, and fall upon us; for as the man is, so
+is his strength. And Gid'on arose, and slew
+Zebach and Zalmunna'; and he took away
+the crescent ornaments that were on the
+necks of their camels.
+
+22 *(\ And the men of Israel said unto
+Gid'on, Rule thou over us, both thou and thy
+son, and th}' son's son also; for thou hast de-
+livered us out of the liand of Midian.
+
+23 And Gid'on said unto them, I will not
+rule over you, neither shall my son rule over
+you : the Lord shall rule over you.
+
+24 And Gid'on said luito them, I would
+ask one request of you, that ye should give
+me every inan the ear-ring of his booty; for
+they** had had golden ear-rings, because they
+were Ishmaelites.
+
+25 And they answei'ed, We will willingly
+give. And they spread out a garment, and
+they cast therein every man the ear-ring of
+his booty.
+
+26 And the weight of the golden ear-rings
+that he had requested was a thousand and
+seven hundred shekels of gold; besides the [
+crescent ornaments, and ear-drops, and purple ij
+garments that were on the kings of Midian, j
+and besides the chains that were about their
+camels' necks.
+
+27 And Gid'on made thereof an ephod,
+and set it up in his city, in "Ophrah : and all
+Israel went astray after it thither; and it be-
+came a snare unto Gid'on, and to his house.
+
+
+Others, " every one was,"
+/. e. The Midianites.
+
+2N
+
+
+&c.
+
+
+28 And Midian was humbled before the
+children of Israel, so that they lifted not up
+their head any more. And the country was
+quiet forty years in the days of Gid'on.
+
+29 Tl And Yerubba'al the son of Joash
+went and dwelt in his own house.
+
+30 And Gid'on had seventy sons begotten
+of his body ; for he had many wives.
+
+31 And his concubine that was in Shechem,
+she also bore him a son, and ho gave him
+the name, Abimelech.
+
+32 And Gid'on the son of Joiish died in a
+good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre
+of Joiish his father, in 'Ophrah of the Abi'ez-
+rites.
+
+33 ^ And it came to pass, when Gid'on
+was dead, that the children of Israel turned
+again, and went astray after the Ee'alim, and
+made themselves Ba'al-berith for a god.
+
+34 And tlie children of Israel remembered
+not the Lord their God, who had delivered
+them out of the hand of all their enemies on
+eveiy side :
+
+35 Neither showed they kindness to the
+house of Yerubba'al, namely, Gid'on, in ac-
+cordance with all the good which he had
+done unto Israel.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ And Abimelech the son of Yerub-
+ba'al went to Shechem unto his mother's bro-
+thers, and spoke unto them, and unto all the
+family of the house of his mother's father,
+saying,
+
+2 Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the
+men" of Shechem, What is better for you,
+either that there should rule over you seventy
+men, all the sons of Yerubba'al, or that there
+reign over you one man ? and remember that
+I am your bone and your tlesh.
+
+3 And his mother's Ijrothers spoke con-
+cerning him in the ears of all the men of
+Shechem all these words; and their heart be-
+came inclined after Abimelech ; for they said.
+He is our brother.
+
+4 And they gave him seventy pieces oi'
+silver out of the house of Ba'al-berith; and
+Abimelech hired therewith idle and heedless
+persons, who followed him.
+
+5 And he came unto his father's house at
+
+
+"Sachs renders U2W ^byi uuif'ornily with "lords of
+Shechem."
+
+297
+
+
+JUDGES IX.
+
+
+'Ophrah, and slew his brothers the sons of
+Yerublja'al, seventy persons, upon one stone;
+and there was yet left Yotham the 3'oungest
+son of Yerubba'al ; for he had hidden himself
+G ][ And all the men of Shechem and all
+Beth-millo assembled together, and went, and
+made Abimelech king, by the oak of the pil-
+lar'' that was by Shechem.
+
+7 And they told it to Yotham; and he
+went and stood on the top of mount Gerizzim,
+and he lifted up his voice, and cried ; and he
+said unto them. Hearken unto me, ye men of
+Shechem, so that God may hearken unto you.
+
+8 The trees went once forth to anoint a
+king over them ; and they said unto the olive-
+tree, Eeign thou over us.
+
+9 But the olive-tree said unto them, Should
+I give up my fatness, wherewith through me
+they honour God and men, and shall I go to
+be promoted*" over the trees?
+
+10 And the trees said to the fig-tree, Come
+thou, reign over us.
+
+11 But the fig-tree said unto them, Should
+I give up my sweetness, and my good pro-
+ductiveness, and go to be promoted over the
+trees ?
+
+12 Then said the trees unto the vine,
+Come thou, reign over us.
+
+13 But the vine said unto them, Should I
+give up my fresh wine, which rejoiceth God
+and men, and go to be promoted over the
+trees ?
+
+14 Then said all the trees unto the bram-
+ble, Come thou, reign over us.
+
+15 And the bramble said unto the trees. If
+in truth ye anoint me as king over you, then
+come seek protection in my shadow; and if
+not, then let fire come out of the bramble,
+.and devour the cedars of the Lebanon.
+
+16 And now, if ye have acted in truth
+and sincerity, when ye made Abimelech king,
+and if ye have dealt well with Yerubba'al and
+his house, and have done unto him according
+to the merit of his hands;
+
+17 (In tliat my father fought for you, and
+cast his life far away,° and delivered you out
+of the hand of Midian ;
+
+18 While ye are risen up against my
+father's house this day, and have slain his
+
+' Probably the pillar erected by Joshua. Herxheimer
+*■ Or, "to trouble myself about the trees." Literally,
+"to move over the trees."
+
+° i. e. JooparJizeil his life in iin niioqunl contest.
+298
+
+
+sons, seventy men, upon one stone, and have
+made Abimelech, the son of liis maid-ser\ant,
+king over the men of Shechem, because he
+is your brother;)
+
+19 If ye have thus acted in ti'uth and
+sincerity with Yerubba'al and with liis house
+this day: then rejoice ye in Abimelech, and
+let him also rejoice in you.
+
+20 But if not, let fire come out from Abi-
+melech, and devour the men of Shechem and
+Beth-millo; and let fire come out from the
+men of Shechem, and from Beth-millo, and
+devour Aljimelech.
+
+21 And Yotham ran away, and fled, and
+went to Beer, and dwelt there, for fear of
+Abimelech his brother.
+
+22 ][ And Abimelech ruled over Israel
+three years ;
+
+23 And then did God send an evil spirit
+between Abimelech and the men of Shechem ;
+and the men of Shechem became unfaithfid
+toward Abimelech ;
+
+24 So that the violence (done) to the
+seventy sons of Yerubba'al might come, and
+their blood be laid ujion Abimelech their
+brother, who had slain them; and upon the
+men of Shechem, who had strengthened his
+hands to slay his lirothers.
+
+25 And the men of Shechem set persons to
+lie in wait for him on the tops of the moun-
+tains, and they I'obbed all that passed by them
+on that way: and it was told unto Abime-
+lech.
+
+26 ][ And there came Ga'al the son of
+'Ebed with his brothers, and passed through
+Shechem : and the men of Shechem put their
+confidence in him.
+
+27 And they went out into the field, and
+gathered their vineyards, and trod (the
+grapes), and made joyful feasts, and went
+into the house of their god, and ate and
+drank, and cursed Abimelech.
+
+28 And Ga'al the son of 'Ebed said, Who
+is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we
+should serve him? is not he the son of Yerub-
+ba'al? and Zebul his superintendent? serve''
+the men of Chamor the fiither of Shechem ;
+for why indeed should we serve him?
+
+29 And 0 that some one would put tins
+
+^ {. e. Sooner serve the ancient owners of the land
+(see Gen. xxxiii. 19) than such a creature. Perhaps
+Ga'al himself may have been a Hivite, and claimed de-
+scent from the ancient lords.
+
+
+I
+
+
+JUDGES IX.
+
+
+people into my power! and I would remove
+Abimelech. And he let it be said to Abime-
+lecli, Iiierease thy army, and come out.
+
+oO And when Zebul the ruler of the city
+heard the words of Ga'al the son of 'Ebed, his
+anger was kindled.
+
+31 And he sent messengers unto Abime-
+lech privately," saying, Behold, Ga'al the son of
+'Ebed and his brothers are come to Shechem ;
+and, Ijehold, they incite'' the city to enmity
+against tlieo.
+
+32 And now rise up by night, thou and
+the people that are with thee, and lie in wait
+in the held :
+
+33 And it shall be, in the morning, the
+moment the sun shineth, that thou shalt rise
+early, and set" upon the city; and, behold,
+when he and the people that are with him
+come out against thee, then mayest thou do
+to him as thy means* may let thee.
+
+34 ^ And Abimelech rose up, and all the
+people that were with him, by night, and
+they lay in wait against Shechem in four
+companies.
+
+35 And Ga'al the son of 'Ebed went out,
+and stood in the entrance of the city-gate:
+and Abimelech rose up, and tlie people that
+were with him, from the ambush.
+
+36 And when Ga'al saw the people, he
+said to Zebul, Behold, people are coming
+down from the tops of the mountains. And
+Zebul said unto him. Thou regardest the sha-
+dow of the mountains as men.
+
+37 And Ga'al spoke again and said. See
+people are coming down from the highest point
+of the land, and one company is coming along
+by the way of the grove of Me'oneuim."
+
+38 Then said Zebul unto him, Where is
+now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst. Who
+is Alnmelech, that we should serve him? is
+not tins the people that thou hast despised ?
+go out now, I pray, and fight with them.
+
+39 And Ga'al went out before the men of
+Shechem, and fought with Abimelech.
+
+40 And Abimelech pursued him, and he
+fled before him, and many fell slain, even as
+far as the entrance of the gate.
+
+41 And Abimelech remamed at Arumah:
+
+
+' Others, "craftily," or, " to Tormah," as though it were
+a name of a place, the same as Arumah, verse 41.
+
+" Eedalc, after whom Sachs, "they close the city against
+thoe."
+
+
+and Zebul banished Ga'al and his brothers,
+that they should not remain in Shechem.
+
+42 And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that the people went out into the field ; and
+it was told to Abimelech.
+
+43 And he took the people, and divided
+them i)ito three companies, and lay in wait in
+the field; and as he saw, and, behold, that
+the people were coming forth out of the city,
+he rose up against them, and smote them.
+
+44 And Abimelech, and the companies
+that were with him, spread forward, and took
+position in the entrance of the city-gate : and
+the two other companies spread over all that
+were in the fields, and smote them.
+
+45 And Abimelech fought against the city
+all that day; and he captured the city, and
+the people that were therein he slew ; and he
+beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.
+
+46 ^1 And when all the men of the tower
+of Shechem heard this, they entered into the
+strong-hold of the house of the god Berith.
+
+47 And it was told unto Abimelech, that
+all the men of the tower of Shechem were
+gathered together.
+
+48 And Abimelech went thereupon up to
+mount Zalmon, he and all the people that
+were with him ; and Abimelech took an axe
+in his hand, and cut down a bough from a
+tree, and bore it, and laid it on his shoulder ;
+and he said unto the people that were with
+him, What ye have seen that I have done,
+make haste, and do like me.
+
+49 And all the people also cut down every
+man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and
+put the same to the stronghold, and set the
+stronghold over them*^ on fire : and thus died
+also all the people of the tower of Shechem,
+about a thousand men and women.
+
+50 ][ And Abimelech went then to Tlie-
+bez, and encamped against Thebez, and cap-
+tured it.
+
+51 But there was a strong tower within
+the city, and thither fled all the men and the
+women, and all the chief persons of the city,
+and shut the doors behind them, and went up
+to the roof of the tower.
+
+52 And Abimelech came up to the tower,
+
+
+° Lit. "spread aljroatl," to wit, deploy the troops.
+^ Lit. "As thy hand may find," ('. e. the means.
+• "The wizards' oak." — Philippson.
+' i. e. The persons locked up in the stronghold.
+
+299
+
+
+JUDGES IX. X.
+
+
+and fought against it, and approached as far
+as Ihe door of the tower to burn it with
+fire.
+
+53 But a certain woman cast a piece of an
+upper millstone upon Abimelech's head, and
+crushed his skull.
+
+54 Then called he hastily unto the young
+man that bore his armour, and said unto him.
+Draw thy sword, and slay me, that people
+may not say of me, A woman hath slain him.
+And his young man thrust him through, and
+he died.
+
+55 And when the men of Israel saw that
+Abimelech was dead, they departed every
+man to his place.
+
+56 Thus did God compensate the evil of
+Abimelech, which he had done unto his father,
+in slaying his seventy brothers:
+
+57 And all the evil of the men of Shechem
+did God bring back upon their own head;
+and thei'e came upon tliem the curse of Yo-
+tliam the son of Yerubl)a'al.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ And there arose after Abimelech to
+deliver Israel Tola' the son of Puah, the son
+of Dodo, a man of Issachar; and he dwelt in
+Shamir in the mountain of Ephraim.
+
+2 And he judged Israel twenty and three
+years, and then died, and was buried in
+Shamir.
+
+3 ^ And after him arose Ya'ir, the Gil'adite,
+and judged Israel twenty and two years;
+
+4 And he had thirty sons that rode on
+thirty ass-colts," and they had thirty cities,
+which are called Chavvoth-yair unto this day,
+which are in the land of Gil'ad.
+
+5 And Yair died, and was buried in Ka-
+mou.
+
+6 ^ And the children of Israel repeated to
+do the evil in the eyes of the Lokd, and they
+served the Be'alim, and 'Ashtaroth, and the
+gods of Syria, and the gods of Zidon, and the
+gods of Moab, and the gods of the children of
+'Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines, and
+they forsook the Lord, and served not him.
+
+7 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+
+
+* No doubt that riiliiig on an animal was a token of
+distinction in the simplicity of ancient manners.
+
+'' Mciinirig, in the very first year of their defection from
+GiiJ tliey were oppressed and crushed, for that is the sig-
+nification of the word IXXTIJ whereas before, they had
+300
+
+
+against Israel, and he sold them into the hand
+of the Philistines, and into the hand of the
+children of 'Amnion.
+
+8 And they afflicted and oppres.sed the tdiil-
+dren of Israel that* year ; (and) for eighteen
+years all the children of Israel that ^vere
+on the other side of the Jordan in the land
+of the Emorites, which is in Gil'ad.
+
+9 And the children of 'Amnion passed over
+the Jordan to fight also against Judah, and
+against Benjamin, and against the house of
+I]phraiin; so that Israel was sorely distressed.
+
+10 And tile cliildreii of Israel cried unto
+the Lord, saying, We have sinned against
+thee, becau.se we have forsaken our (iod, and
+have served the Be'alim.
+
+11 ^.And the Lord said unto the children
+of Israel, Behold (I delivered you) from the
+Egyptians, and from the Emorites. I'rom the
+children of 'Ammon, and from the Philis-
+tines.
+
+12 And when the Zidoiiians, and the
+'Amalekites, and the Ma'onites did oppress
+you, and ye cried to me, I delivered _you also
+out of their hand.
+
+13 And yet ye have forsaken me, and
+served other gods; wherefore I will deliver
+you no more.
+
+14 Go and cry unto the gods which ye
+have chosen; let these deliver you in the
+time of your tribulation.
+
+15 And the children of Israel said unto the
+Lord, We have sinned: do thou unto us en-
+tirely as it seeraeth good in thy eyes; only de-
+liver us, we pray thee, this time.''
+
+10 And they put away the strange gods
+from their midst, and served the Lord: and
+his soul was grieved* I'or the trouble of Israel.
+
+17 ^ And the children of 'Amnion were
+called together, and they encamped in Gil'ad.
+And the childi-en of Israel also assembled them-
+selves together, and encamped in Mizpah.
+
+18 And the people, the princes of Gil'ad,
+said one to another. Whatever man it bo
+that will begin to fight against the children
+of 'Ammon, shall become the head over all
+the inhabitants of Gil'.id.
+
+
+nothing to fear; and this state of affliction lasted eighteen
+years.
+
+"Lit. "day."
+
+■^ Lit. "was short;" »'. e "he could no longer endiira
+the," &c.
+
+
+JUDGES XI.
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+
+1 ^1 Now Yiphthaclr'' the Giradite was a
+mighty man of valour, but he was the son of a
+harlot; and Gil'ad had begotten Yiphthach.
+
+2 And the wife of Gil'ad also bore him
+sons; and Avhen the sons of the wife were
+grown up, tliev <lrove away Yiphthach, and
+said unto him. Thou shalt not inherit in the
+house of our father; for the son of another^
+woman art thou.
+
+3 And Yiphthach tied away from his bro-
+thers, and dwelt in the land of Tob ; and there
+gathered themselves to Yiphthach idle men,
+and they went out with him.
+
+4 Tf And it came to pass after some time,
+that the children of 'Ammon made war against
+Israel.
+
+5 And it was so, when the children of
+'Ammon made war against Israel, that the
+elders of Gil'ad went to fetch Yiphthach out
+of the land of Tob.
+
+6 And they said unto Yiphthach, Come,
+and become a leader unto us, tliat we may
+fight with the children of 'Ammon.
+
+7 And Yiphthach said unto the elders of
+Gil'ad, Did ye not hate me, and drive me
+away out of my father's house ? and why are
+ye come unto me now, when ye are in dis-
+tress ?
+
+8 And the elders of Gil'ad said unto Yiph-
+thach, Therefore are we now come Isack to
+thee, that thou mayest go with us, and fight
+against the children of 'Ammon; and thou
+shalt become unto us a head, unto all the in-
+habitants of Gil'ad.
+
+0 And Yiphthach said unto the elders of
+Gil'ad, If ye bring me home again to fight
+against the children of 'Annnon, and the Lord
+give them up I)efore me, shall' I remain your
+head ?
+
+10 And the elders of Gil'ad said unto Yii)h-
+thach, The Lord shall be a hearer'' between
+us, if Ave do not so according to thy word.
+
+11 Then went Yiphthach with the elders
+of Gil'ad, and the people appointed him over
+
+" Improperly termed in the English version Jcphthah.
+
+^ Others, " a strange woman." It was, no doubt, illegal
+to banish Yiphthaeh, as the children of a concubine, (which
+according to Jewish opinion is meant here,) could inherit.
+
+° Arnheim renders this affirmatively, " then will I re-
+main your head." Either way it is a contract which he
+made with the elders, that it should nut be merely for the
+
+
+them as head and as leader; and Yiphthach
+spoke all his words before the Lord in Mitz-
+pah.
+
+12 T[ And Yiphthach sent messengers unto
+the king of the children of 'Ammon, saying,
+What have I to do Avith thee, that thou art
+come unto me to fight against my land ?
+
+13 And the king of the children of 'Annnon
+said unto the messengers of Yiphthach, lie-
+cause Israel took away my land, Avhen the\
+came up out of Egypt, from the Arnon eveii
+unto the Yabbok, and unto the Jordan: and
+noAv restore these (lands) again in peace.
+
+14 And Yiphthach again sent messengers
+unto the king of the children of 'Amnion ;
+
+15 And he said unto him. Thus hath said
+Yiphthach, Israel did not take away the land
+of Moiib, nor the land of the children of 'Am-
+nion;
+
+16 For when they came up out of Egypt,
+Israel Avalked through the Avilderness unto the
+Red Sea, and came to Kadesh;
+
+17 And Israel then sent messengers unto
+the king of Edom, saying, Let me pass, I pray
+thee, through thy land; but the king of Edom
+AvoiUd not Iiearken; and also to the king of
+Moiib they sent; but he Avould not consent:
+and Israel remained in Kadesh.
+
+IS Then they Avandered through the Avil-
+derness, and travelled round the land of Edom,
+and the land of Moalj, and came from the
+rising of the sun to the land of Moiib, and en-
+camped on the other side of the Arnon; but
+they came not Avithin the border of Moiib ; for
+the i^.rnon is the boundary of Moiib.
+
+19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sichon
+the king of the Emorites, the king of Chesh-
+bon ; and Israel said unto him. Let us pass,
+Ave pray thee, through thy land unto my"
+place.
+
+20 But Sichon trusted not Israel to (let
+them) pass through his territoiy; and Sichon
+assembled all his people, and encamped in
+Yaliaz, and fought against Israel.
+
+21 And the Lord the God of Israel deliver-
+ed Sichon and all his people into tlie hand of
+
+war that he was to be the leader, but even after the de-
+liverance of the people had been achieved : the elders as-
+sented to this proposition also in verse 10.
+
+* Eug. version, "witness," viz. through means of hear-
+ing.
+
+' The chief speaking in the singular in the name of the
+people.
+
+301
+
+
+JUDGES XI.
+
+
+Israel, and they smote them; and Israel took
+possession of all the land of the Emorites, the
+inhabitants of that country.
+
+22 And they took possession of all the
+territory of the Emorites, from the Anion
+even unto the Yabbok, and from the wilder-
+ness even unto the Jordan.
+
+2.3 So now the Lord the God of Israel hath
+dispossessed the Emorites from before his peo-
+ple Israel, and shouldst thou possess'' it ?
+
+24 Truly! that which Kemosh thy go"d
+may give thee to possess, even that canst thou
+possess; but whatsoever the Lord our God
+hath driven out from liefore us, even that will
+we possess.
+
+25 And now art thou then any better than
+Balak the son of Zippor, the king of Moab ?
+did he ever strive against Israel, or did he
+ever fight against them ?
+
+2G (And) while Israel hath dwelt in Chesh-
+bon and in its towns, and in 'Ar'or and in its
+towns, and in all the cities that are along the
+margins of the Anion, three hundred years :
+why did ye not recover them within that
+time ?
+
+27 Whereas I myself have not sinned
+against thee, and thou doest me wrong to war
+against me : may the Lord, the Judge, decide
+this day between the children of Israel and
+the children of 'Ammon.
+
+28 Nevertheless the king of the children of
+'Amnion hearkened not unto the words of
+Yiphthach which he had sent to him.
+
+29 ^ Then came upon Yiphthach the spirit
+of the Lord, and he passed through Gil'ad
+and Menasseh, and passed through Mitzpeh
+of Gil'ad, and from Mitzpeh of Gil'ad he pass-
+ed over unto the children of 'Amnion.
+
+30 And Yiphthach made a vow unto the
+Lord, and said, If thou wilt indeed deliver
+the children of 'Ammon into my hand,
+
+31 Then shall it be, that whatsoever coni-
+etli^ forth out of the doors of my house to
+meet me, when I return in peace from the
+
+° Others render, "and thou wouldst drive them out?"
+'' Heb. " the fortheomer that comcth forth."
+" pll is not transhitablc in this i)iissage: it means,
+"and only;" and is used to qualify intensively the ad-
+jective mTl", thus, "absolutely his sole child."
+
+"^ "1'he term 'descend to the mountains' is used, because
+Mizpah was situated on higher ground." — Heuxheimer.
+"Descending is here used as indicating to go into the
+caves of the same." — Phiui'I'son. Kashi renders, 'mi-i
+"I will mourn on the mountains."
+302
+
+
+children of 'Ammon, shall belong to the Lord,
+and I will offer it up for a burnt-offering.
+
+32 ][ So Yiphthach passed over unto the
+children of 'Amnion to fight against them:
+and the Lord delivered them into his hand.
+
+33 And he smote them from 'Aro'er, even
+till thou comest to Minnith, twenty cities,
+and unto Abel-keraniin, with a very great
+defeat; and the children of 'Amnion were
+humbled before the children of Israel.
+
+34 ^ And Yiphthach came to Mizpah unto
+his house, and, behold, his daughter came out
+to meet him with timbrels and with dances:
+and she" was his sole child; he had beside her
+neither son nor daughter.
+
+35 And it came to pass, when he saw her,
+that he rent his garments, and said, Alas,
+1113' daughter! thou hast bent me down very
+low, and thou art one of those that trouble
+me; for I have ojiened ni\' mouth unto tlie
+Lord, and I cannot go back.
+
+36 And she said unto him. My father, if
+thou hast opened thy mouth unto the Lord^
+do to me in accordance with what hath pro-
+ceeded out of thy mouth ; since the Lord hath
+taken vengeance for thee on thy enemies,
+on the children of 'Amnion.
+
+37 And she said unto her father. Let this
+thing be done for me: Let me alone two
+months, that I may descend* to the moun-
+tains, and bewail my virginity, I with my
+companions.
+
+38 And he said, Go. And he sent her
+away for two months : and she went with her
+companions, and bewailed her virginity on
+the mountains.
+
+3 'J And it came to pass at the end of two
+months, that she returned unto her father,
+and lie fulfilled'" on her his vow which he had
+vowed; and she knew no man; and it be-
+came a custom in Israel,
+
+40 That the daughters of Israel went from
+year to year to lament/ for the daughter of
+Yiphthach the Gil'adite four days in the year.
+
+" Some suppose that Yiphthach actually slew his daugh-
+ter, though of course not in the sanctuary; others, among
+them Redak, that ho built a house beyond the precincts
+of the city, where she, his only child, lived secluded and
+unmarried all her life. To those who know how much
+Israelites regarded children as a blessing, it will be easy
+to conceive that such a seclusion must have been extremely
+painful to Yijihthaoh no less than to his daughter, without
+assuming that he actually sacrificed her.
+
+' Sachs and others, " to sing the praise of," &c.
+
+
+JUDGES XII. XIII.
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ]| And the men of Epliraim were called
+together, and went northward, and said unto
+Yijilitliaeh, Wherefore didst thou pass over to
+liii'lit against the children of 'Amnion, and
+didst not call for us to go with thee? thy
+house will we burn over thee with fire.
+
+2 And Yiphthach said unto them, I and
+my people were greatly engaged in strife
+with the children of 'Amnion; and I called
+you, but ye helped me not out of their
+hand.
+
+3 And when I saw that ye helped me not,
+1 put my life'' in my hand, and passed over
+to the children of 'Amnion, and the Lord de-
+livered them into my hand; and why then
+are ye come up unto me this day, to fight
+against me?
+
+4 Then Yiphthach gathered together all
+the men of Gil'ad, and fought with Ephraim;
+and the men of Gil'ad smote Ephraim, because
+they said, Ye are fugitives of Ephraim : Gil'ad
+is in the midst, between Ephraim and Me-
+nasseh.**
+
+5 And the Gil'adites seized on the passages
+of the Jordan before the Ephraimites: and
+it came to pass, when the Ephraimites who
+had escaped said, Let me pass over; that the
+men of Gil'ad said unto him. Art thou an
+Ephrathite? and if he said. No;
+
+(J Tlien said they unto him, Do say. Shib-
+boleth; but when he said, Sibboleth, and was
+not able to pronounce it correctly, they laid
+hold of him and slew him on the passages of
+the Jordan ; and there fell at that time of the
+Ephraimites forty and two thousand.
+
+7 And Yiphthach judged Israel six years;
+and then died Y^iphthach the Gil'adite, and
+was buried in (one of) the cities of Gil'ad.
+
+8 ^ And after him there judged Israel
+Ibzan of Beth-lechem.
+
+9 And he had thirty sons; and thirty
+daughters he sent abroad," and thirty daugh-
+ters he brought in for his sons from abroad:
+and he judged Israel seven years.
+
+' Figuratively for "perilling life."
+
+'' After Philippson, who considers these the words of
+the Gil'adites, reproaching the men of Ephraim, who, en-
+deavouring to fly, were taunted when taken with their
+presumptuous invasion of the east side of the Jordan.
+The meaning is, "Now ye Ephraimites have to fly, and we
+Gil'adites will prevent you, as our country, bordering on
+the river, is situated between the two tribes." Hashi,
+
+
+10 Then died Ibzan, and was buried at
+Beth-lechem.
+
+11 T[ And after him there judged Israel Elon
+the Zebulonite : and he judged Israel ten years.
+
+12 Then died Elon the Zelndonite. and was
+buried in Ayalon in the country of Zebulun.
+
+13 ^ And after him there judged Israel
+'Abdon the son of Hillel the Piratlionite.
+
+14 And he had forty sons and thirty grand-
+sons, that rode on seventy ass-colts: and he
+judged Israel eight years.
+
+15 Then died"'Abdon the son of Ilillel the
+Pir'athonite, and was buried in Pir'athon in
+the land of Ephraim, in the mountain of the
+'Amalekites.
+
+CHAPTER XIIL
+
+1 ^ And the children of Israel did again
+the evil in the eyes of the Lord; and the Lord
+delivered them into the hand of the Philis-
+tines forty years.
+
+2 ][ And there was a certain man of Zor'ah,
+of the flimily of the Danites, whose name
+was Manoach ; and his wife was barren, and
+did not bear.
+
+3 And there appeared an angel of the Lord
+unto the woman, and he said unto her, Be-
+hold, thou art bai'ren, and hast not born; Init
+thou wilt conceive, and bear a son.
+
+4 And now do beware, and drink neither
+wine nor strong drink, and eat not any thing
+unclean.
+
+5 For, lo, thou wilt conceive, and bear a
+son; and no razor shall come on his head;
+for a Nazarite of God shall the lad be from
+the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Is-
+rael out of the hand of the Philistines.
+
+G And the woman came and told her hus-
+band, saying, A man of God came unto me,
+and his appearance was like the appearance
+of an angel of God, very terrible; but I asked
+him not whence he might be, and his name
+he did not tell me.
+
+7 And he said unto me. Behold, thou wilt
+conceive, and bear a son; and now thou must
+drink neither wine nor strong drink, and not
+
+after Jonathan, translates, "For the meanest of the
+Ephraimites had, despising the Gil'adites, said, What
+are you valued at in the midst of Ephraim and the midst
+of Menassch ?" The slaughter of the fugitives is iu this
+way assigned to motives of revenge fur past ill-usage.
+There are other versions of this diftieult verso, but we
+cannot give them all.
+
+' ('. e. He gave in marriage
+
+303
+
+
+JUDGES XIII. XIV.
+
+
+eat any thing unclean; for the child shall be
+a Nazarite of God from the womb until the
+day of his death.
+
+8 T[ And Manoach entreated the Lord,
+and said, Hear me, 0 Lord, let the man of
+God, whom thou didst send, come again unto
+us, and instruct us what we shall do unto the
+child that is to be born.
+
+9 And God hearkened to the voice of Ma-
+noach ; and the angel of God came again unto
+the woman, as she was sitting in the field;
+and Manoach her husband was not with her.
+
+10 And the woman made haste, and ran,
+and informed her husband ; and she said unto
+him. Behold, there luith apj^eared inito me
+the man, that came unto me the other" day.
+
+11 And Manoach arose, and went after his
+wife ; and he came to the man, and said unto
+him. Art thou the man that spokest unto the
+woman? and he said, I am.
+
+12 And Manoach said, If now'' thy words
+come to j)ass, what shall be (our) ^ii'oceeding
+with the child, and what shall be done unto
+him?
+
+13 And the angel of the Lord said unto
+Manoach, Of all that I have said unto the
+woman must she beware.
+
+14 Of any thing that cometh of the grape-
+vine she may not eat, and wine or strong
+drink she may not drinlc, and any thing un-
+clean she may not eat : all that I commanded
+her must she observe.
+
+15 And Manoach said unto the angel of
+the Lord, Let us, I pray thee, detain thee,
+and we will make a kid ready for" thee.
+
+16 And the angel of the Lord said unto
+Manoach, Though thou detain me, I will not
+eat of thy bread; but if thou wilt offer a
+burnt-offering, thou must offer it unto the
+Lord ; for Manoach knew not that he was an
+angel of tlie Lord.
+
+17 And Manoach said unto the angel of
+the Lord, What is thy name, that, when thy
+word cometh to pass, we may do thee honour ?
+
+18 And the angel of the Lord said unto
+him. Why is it that thou wilt ask after my
+uame, seeing it is secret?
+
+° Others, " to-day," conceiving that the angel returned
+the very same day.
+
+'■ Arnheim views this phrase as a substitute for the ex-
+pression "Let us now hear thy words," "do tell us," so
+liliewise in verse 17.
+
+" Lit. "before thee."
+304
+
+
+19 And Manoach took the kid and the
+meat-offering, and offered it upon the'' rock
+unto the Lord: and he did woudrously; and
+Manoach and his Avife looked on.
+
+20 And it came to pass, when the flame
+went up from off the altar toward heaven,
+that the angel of the Lord ascended in the
+flame of the altar; and Manoach and his wife
+looked on, and they fell on their faces to the
+ground.
+
+21 And the angel of tlie Lord was no
+longer visible to Manoach and to his wife:
+then knew Manoach that he was an angel of
+the Lord.
+
+22 And Manoach said unto his wife, We
+shall surely die, because a divine being have
+we seen.
+
+23 But his wife said unto him. If the Lord
+were pleased to kill us, he would not have
+received from our hand a burnt-offering and a
+meat-offering, nor would he have let us see all
+these things, and at this time he would udt
+have let us hear (such a thing) as this.
+
+24 And the woman bore a son, and called
+his name Samson;' and the child grew up,
+and the Lord blessed him.
+
+25 And the Spirit of the Lord began to
+move him in Machaneh-dan'^ between Zor'ah
+and Eshtatil.
+
+CHAPTER XIY.
+
+1 ^ And Samson went down to Tim-
+nathah, and saw a woman in Tinniathah of
+the daughters of the Philistines.
+
+2 And he went up, and told his father and
+his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in
+Timnathah of the daughters of the Philistines;
+and now take her to me for wife.
+
+3 Then said unto him his father and his
+mother. Is there not among the daughters of
+thy brethi-en, or among all my people, a
+woman, that thou art going to take a wife
+from the Philistines, the uncircumcised ? And
+Samson said unto his father. This one take
+for me; for she pleaseth me well.^
+
+4 But his father and his mother knew not
+that it was from the Lord, that he souglit but
+
+
+■^ The definite article refers to the roclc in tlie field
+where this occurrence took ])lace, and was no doubt known
+at the time the book was written.
+
+° Correctly, "Shimshon."
+
+' Or, "Camp of Dan," the name of a place.
+
+' Heb. "she is right in my eyes."
+
+
+JUDGES XIV. XV.
+
+
+an occasion against the Philistines; and at
+that time the Philistines had dominion over
+Israel.
+
+5 T[ And Samson thus went down, with
+his fiither and his mother, to Timnathah;
+and wlien they were come as far as tlie vine-
+yards of Timnathah, hehold, a young lion
+came roaring toward him.
+
+G And the Spirit of the Lokd came sud-
+denly over him, and he rent him as he would
+have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his
+hand; but he told xaot his father or his mother
+wliat he had done.
+
+7 And he went down, and spoke unto the
+woman; and she pleased Samson well.
+
+8 And when he I'eturned after a time to
+take her, he turned aside to see the carcass
+of the lion : and, behold, there was a swarm
+of bees in the carcass of the lion and honey
+likewise.
+
+9 And he took it out in his hands, and
+went on, eating as he was going, and came to
+his father and mother, and he gave unto them,
+and they did eat; but he told them not that
+out of the carcass of the lion he had taken
+the honey.
+
+10 And his f;ither went down unto the
+woman; and Samson made there a feast; for
+so used the young men to do.
+
+11 And it came to pass, when they saw
+him, that they brought thirty companions,
+and they remained with him.
+
+12 And Samson said unto them, I will
+now propound unto you a riddle: if ye can in
+anywise tell it me within the seven days of
+the feast, and find it out, then will I give
+you thirty shirts and thirty changes of gar-
+ments ;
+
+13 But if ye will not be able to tell it to
+me, then shall ye give me thirty shirts and
+thirty clianges of garments. And they said
+unto him. Propound thy riddle, that we may
+hear it.
+
+14 And he said unto them. Out of the eater
+came forth food, and out of the strong came
+forth sweetness. And they could not solve'
+the riddle in three days.
+
+lo And it came to pass on the seventh
+day, that they said unto Samson's wife. Per-
+suade thy husband, that he may solve unto
+
+•Lit. "tell."
+
+"" I. e. Whatever time was left after she first urged him
+with her tears to betray his secret
+
+20
+
+
+US the riddle, lest we burn thee and thy
+fither's house with fire: have ye invited us
+to impoverish us? is it not so?
+
+It) And Samson's wife Avept before him,
+and said. Thou dost l)ut hate me, and lovest
+me not: that riddle hast thou propounded
+unto the children of my people, and me hast
+thou not told (the solution). And he said
+unto her, Behold, I have not told it to my
+father and to my mother, and thee shall I tell
+it?
+
+17 And she wept before him the seven
+days,* while their feast lasted ; and it came to
+pass on the seventh da}-, that he told her, IjC-
+cause she had worried him : and she told (the
+solution of) the riddle to the children of her
+people.
+
+18 Then said unto him the men of the
+city on the seventh day before the sun was
+yet gone down, What is sweeter than honey ?
+and Avhat is stronger than a lion? And he
+said unto them. If ye had not ploughed with
+my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.
+
+19 And the Spirit of the Lord came sud-
+denly over him, and he went down to Ashke-
+lon, and slew of them thirty men, and he took
+their apparel, and gave the changes of gar-
+ments unto the expounders of the riddle; but
+his anger was kindled, and he went up to his
+father's house.
+
+20 And Samson's wife was given to his
+companion who had been given him as his
+associate.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass after some time,
+in the time of wheat-harvest, that Samson
+visited his wife with a kid; and he said. Let
+me go in to my wife into the chamber; but
+her father would not sutler him to go in.
+
+2 And her father said, I verily thought that
+thou didst utterly hate her; therefore I gave
+her to thy companion: is not her younger
+sister fairer than she ? Let her be thine, I
+pray thee, instead of her.
+
+3 And Samson said to them. Now shall I
+be more" blameless than the Philistines,
+though I do them evil.
+
+4 And Samson went and caught three hun-
+dred foxes,'* and took torches, and turned tail
+
+" Or, "Now shall I be blameless regarding the Philis-
+tines, though," &c.
+" Others, "jackals."
+
+305
+
+
+JUDGES XV. XVI.
+
+
+to tail, and put one torch between two tails
+in the midst ;
+
+5 And he set the torches on fire, and let
+them go into the standing corn of the Philis-
+tines, and burnt up both shocks and standing
+corn, as also olive-yards.
+
+6 Then said the Philistines, Who hath done
+this? And they answered, Samson, the son-
+in-law of the Tliimnite, because he hath taken
+his wife, and given her to his companion.
+And the Philistines went up, and burnt her
+and her fiither with fire.
+
+7 And Samson said unto them. Since ye
+will do the like of this, I will surely be
+avenged on you, and after that will I cease.
+
+8 And he smote them hip' and thigh with
+a great slaughter; and he w^ent down and
+tarried in the cleft of the rock 'Etam.
+
+9 ][ And the Philistines went u]), and
+encamped in Judah, and spread themselves in
+Lechi.
+
+10 And the men of Judah said, Why are
+■ye come up against us ? And they answered.
+To bind Samson are we come up, to do to
+hini as he hath done to us.
+
+11 Thereupon went three thousand men
+of Judah down to the cleft of the rock 'Etam,
+and said to Samson, Knowest thou not that
+the Philistines rule over us ? and what is this
+that thou hast done unto us ? And he said
+unto them. As they did unto me, so have I
+done unto them.
+
+12 And they said unto him. To bind thee
+are we come down, to deliver thee into the
+hand of the Philistines. And Samson said
+unto them, Swear unto me, that ye will not
+assail me yourselves.
+
+13 And they said unto him, thus, No;
+ibr we will (only) bind thee fast, and deliver
+thee into their hand; but we will in nowise
+kill thee. And they bound him with two
+new cords, and brought liini up from the rock.
+
+14 When he was come unto Lechi, the
+Philistines sliouted against hina; but the
+Spirit of the LoKD came suddenly over him,
+and the cords that were upon his arms became
+as flax tln-eads that are burnt with fire, and
+his l>ands melted Irom oft" his hands.
+
+15 And he found a fresh jaw-bone of an
+
+* A proverbial phrase, meaning "in every direction."
+' ('. e. The lifting up of the jaw-bone, or, the casting
+away of the jaw-bouc.
+306
+
+
+ass, and put forth his hand, and took it, and
+smote therewith athousand men.
+
+16 And Samson said. With a jaw-l)nne of
+an ass, heaps upon heaps, with the jaw-bone
+of an ass have I smitten a thousand men.
+
+17 And it came to pass, when he had made
+an end of speaking, that he cast away the
+jaw-bone out of his hand, and called that
+place Ramath-lechi.''
+
+18 And he became very thirsty, and he
+called on the Lord, and said. Thou hast grant-
+ed through the hand of thy servant this great
+deliverance;" and now shall I die for thirst,
+and fall into the hand of the uncircumcised ?
+
+19 But God clave a hollow place that was
+at Lechi, and there came forth water out of
+it; and he drank, and his spirit came again,
+and he revived; wherefore he called the name
+thereof 'En-hakkore,'' which is in Lechi unto
+this day.
+
+20 And he judged Israel in the dajs of the
+Philistines'' twenty years.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ^ Then went Samson to Gazzah, and saw
+there a harlot, and went in unto her.
+
+2 And it was told to the Gazzites, saying,
+Samson is come hither : and they compassed
+him in, and lay in wait for him all the night
+in the gate of the city, and held themselves
+quiet all the night, saying, By the time it
+is light in the morning will we kill him.
+
+3 And Samson lay till midnight ; but he
+arose at midnight, and took hold of the doors
+of the city-gate, and the two door-jidsts, and
+tore them away with the bolt, and [)vit tiiem
+upon his shoulders, and carried them up to
+the top of the mount that is before Ik'liron.
+
+4 ^ And it came to pass after this, that he
+loved a woman in the valley of Shorek, whose
+name was Delilah.
+
+5 And the lords of the Philistines cniue up
+unto her, and said unto her, Persuade him,
+and see wherein his great strength lietli, and
+by what means we may prevail over him,
+that we may bind him to subdue him : and
+we will give thee every one of us eleven hun-
+dred j)ieces of silver.
+
+6 And Delilah said to Samson, Tell me, I
+
+
+" Zunz and others, " victory."
+
+'' " The spring of him that called."
+
+" Who still retained the supremacy. — IIedak.
+
+
+JUDGES XVI.
+
+
+pray tlieo, wherein thy great strength lieth,
+and wherewith thou canst be bound to subdue
+thee.
+
+7 And Samson said unto her, If they bind
+mc with seven moist cords which have not
+yet been dried, then shall I become weak, and
+be like any other of mankind.
+
+S And the lords of the Philistines brought
+up to her seven moist cords which had not
+yet been dried, and she bound him with them.
+
+9 And she had men \yuig in wait, sitting
+near her in the chamber. And she said unto
+him, The Philistines are upon thee, Samson.
+And he tore the cords, as a thread of tow is
+torn when it toucheth" the fire; and his
+strength was not perceived.''
+
+10 And Delilah said unto Samson, Behold,
+thou hast deceived me, and told me lies; now
+do tell me, I pray thee, wherewith thou canst
+be bound.
+
+11 And he said unto her. If they bind me
+fast with new ropes that have never been
+used in work, then shall I become weak, and
+be like any other of mankind.
+
+12 And Delilah took new ropes, and bound
+him therewith, and said unto him. The Phi-
+listines are upon thee, Samson. And the
+Hers in wait were sitting in the chamber.
+But he tore them from off" his arms like a
+thread.
+
+13 And Delilah said unto Samson, Hitherto
+thou hast deceived me, and told me lies; do
+tell me wherewith thou canst be bound. And
+he said unto her, If thou weavest the seven
+locks of my head with the web.
+
+14 And she fiistened' it with the pin, and
+said unto him, The Philistines are upon thee,
+Samson. And he awakened out of his sleep,
+and tore away the pin of the loom, with the
+web.
+
+15 And she said unto him, How canst thou
+say, I love thee, when thy heart is not with
+me ? these three times hast thou deceived me,
+and hast not told me wherein thy great
+strength lieth.
+
+16 And it came to pass, when she worried
+him daily with her words, and urged him,
+that his soul became impatient to die;''
+
+17 And he told her all his heart, and said
+
+
+• Heb. " smelleth."
+
+' i. e. It seemed to require no strength in hii
+this f^reat feut.
+
+
+to do
+
+
+unto her, A razor hath not passed oxn- my
+head; for a Nazarite of God have I been from
+my mother's womb; if I were shaved, my
+sti'ength would depart from me, and I should
+become weak, and ])e like all other men.
+
+18 And when Delilah saw that he had told
+her all his heart, she sent and called for the
+lords of the Philistines, sa_ying, Come up this
+once; for he hath told me all his heart. Then
+came the lords of the Philistines up unto her,
+and brought the money in their hand.
+
+19 And she made him sleep upon her
+knees; and she called a man, and caused him
+to shave off the seven locks of his head ; and
+she began to subdue him, and his strength
+departed from him.
+
+20 And she said. The Philistines are upon
+thee, Samson. And he awoke out of his
+sleep, and thought, I will go out as at other
+times before, and shake myself free. But he
+knew not that the Lokd had departed from him.
+
+21 And the Philistines seized him, and put
+out his eyes, and brought him down to Gazzah,
+and bound him with fetters of copper ; and he
+had to grind in the prison-house.
+
+22 But the hair of his head began to grow
+again after it was shaved oil'.
+
+23 T[ And the lords of the Philistines
+gathered themselves together to offer a great
+sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice;
+and they said, Our god hath delivered into
+our hand Samson our enemy.
+
+24 And when the people saw liim, they
+praised their god; for they said. Our god hath
+delivered into our hand our enemy, and the
+destroyer of our countiy, and him who hath
+slain so many of us.'
+
+25 And it came to pass, when their lieart
+was merry, that they said, Call for Samson,
+that he may make sport for us. And they
+called for Samson out of the jirison-house ;
+and he made sport before them ; and they
+placed him between the pillars.
+
+26 And vSamson said unto the lad that held
+him by the hand, Suffer me (to go) and let
+me feel the pillars whereupon the house is
+supported, that I may lean upon them.
+
+27 Now the house was full of men and
+women; and there were all the lords of the
+
+
+' /. e. She wove the locks and fastened the web.
+
+^ Heb. " shortened."
+
+' Heb. " and who multiplied our slain."
+
+307
+
+
+JUDGES XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+Philistines ; and upon the roof were about
+three thousand men and women, that looked
+on while Samson made sport.
+
+28 And Samson called unto the Lord, and
+said, 0 Lord Eternal, remember me, I pray
+thee, and do thou strengthen me only this
+once, 0 God, that I may be avenged for one"
+of my two eyes on the Philistines.
+
+29 And Samson threw his arms around
+the two middle pillars u})on which the house
+was supported, and he leaned on them, (on)
+one with his right hand, and (on) the other
+with his left.
+
+30 And Samson said, Let me*" die with the
+Philistines. And he bent (them) with might,
+and the house fell upon the lords, and upon
+all the people that were therein. So the dead
+whom he slew at his death were moi'e than
+those whom he had slain in his life.
+
+31 Then came* down his brothers and all
+the house of his father, and they took him
+up, and carried him up, and buried him be-
+tween Zor'ah and Eshtaol, in the burying-
+place of Manoach his father. And he had
+judged Israel twenty years.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 If And there was" a man of the mountain
+of Epliraim, whose name was Michayhu.
+
+2 And he said unto his mother, The eleven
+hundred shekels of silver that were taken
+from thee, about which thou cursedst,'' and
+spokest of also in my ears, — behold, the silver
+is with me; I took it. And his mother said.
+Blessed be my son unto the Lord.
+
+3 And he restored the eleven hundred
+shekels of silver to his mother ; and his mother
+said, I had wholly dedicated the silver unto
+tlie Lord from my hand, for my son, to make
+a graven and molten image ; and now I will
+give it back unto thee.
+
+4 Yet he gave tlie money" back unto his
+
+' Ilashi ; others, " that I may execute one vengeance
+fur my two eyes on the Philistines."
+
+" Heb. " my soul."
+
+° Commentators suppose that the history of chapters
+xvii. and xviii. occurred during the oppression of Cushan
+llish'atayiui, hence before the time of 'Othniol, the first
+judge ; and that the events of xix., xx., and xxi. occurred
+]ierhaps immediately after .Joshua's death. But as they
+have no reference to the relation of the Israelites with
+other nations, they have been placed at tlie end of the
+Book of Judges, so as not to interrupt the narrative. — After
+llASHi and Philippson
+308
+
+
+mother; and his mother took two lunidrcd
+shekels of silver, and gave them to the silver-
+smith, who made thereof a graven and molten
+image; and it was in the house of Micali.*^
+
+5 And the man Micah had a house of god,
+and he made an ephod, and tcraphim, and
+con.secrated^' one of his ^ons, who l)ecame his
+priest.
+
+6 In those days there was no king in
+Israel: every man did what seemed right in
+his own eves.
+
+7 Tl And there was a young man out of Beth-
+lechem-judah of the family of Judali,'' but he
+was a Levite, and sojourned tliere.
+
+8 And tiie man departed from the city,
+from Beth-k'chem-judah, to sojourn where he
+could tind (a jjbace) ; and he came to the
+mountain of Ephraim to the house of Micah,
+as lie was pursuing his journey.
+
+9 And Micah said unto him. Whence
+comest thou? And he said unto him, I am
+a Levite from Beth-lechem-judah, and I go
+to sojourn Avhere I may tind (a place).
+
+10 And Micah said unto him. Remain with
+me, and become unto me a father and a priest,
+and I will give thee ten shekels of silver for
+the year, and suitable apparel, and thy vic-
+tuals. And the Levite went in.
+
+11 And the Levite consented to dwell with
+the man; and the young man was unto him
+as one of his sons.
+
+12 And Micah consecrated the Levite ;
+and the young intin became his priest, and
+remained in the house of Micah.
+
+13 Then said Micah, Now I know that the
+Lord will do me good, seeing I have obtained
+a Levite for priest.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 In those days there was no king in Israel ;
+and in those days the tribe of the Danites
+were seeking for themselves an inheritance tc
+
+
+■^ /. e. The thief, whoever he might be.
+
+° Probably he declined supplying the money himself;
+whereupon his uKitlur took it hereelf to tlie silversmith.
+
+■ Michah, abbreviated from Michayhu. — The image wa.s
+both molten and rhis(dled out with the graver — not tw(.
+imagi'S, as the English version has it. Tlie whole sh !ws :
+confused idea of religion, that people who believed in the
+Lord slmuld make an image to honnur him ; and the entire
+transaction proves the bad influence of Canaanitish rxam
+pie (in the people.
+
+e Hcb " tilled the hand."
+;| '' ('. c. The place belonged to Judah.
+
+
+JUDGES xvm.
+
+
+lIwcU in; for there had not ftillen to their
+share up to that day among tlie tribes of
+Israel a (sufficient) inlieritanee.
+
+2 ]f And the children of Dan sent from
+their family five men from among themselves,
+men of valour, from Zorah, and from Esh-
+taiil, to spy out the land, and to search it;
+and they said unto them, Go, search the land.
+And they came to the mountain of Ephraim,
+as far as the house of Micah, and lodged
+there.
+
+3 They were just by the house of Micah,
+when they recognised the voice of the young
+man the Levite ; and they turned in thither,
+and said unto him. Who brought thee hither?
+and what doest thou in this place ? and what
+hast thou here ?
+
+4 And he said unto them, Thus and thus
+hath Mictdi done unto me; and he hired me,
+and I became his priest.
+
+5 And they said unto him. Ask counsel,
+we pray thee, of God, that we may know
+whether our way on which we are going shall
+be prosperous.
+
+6 And the priest said unto them, Go in
+peace : before the Lord is your way on which
+ye will go.
+
+7 ^I And the five men departed, and came
+to Layish, and saw the people that were
+therein, dwelling in security, after the man-
+ner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure ; and
+no one inflicted any wrong in the land, as
+hereditary ruler ;^ and they were far from the
+Zidonians, and had no concern with any man.
+
+S And they came unto their brethren to
+Zor ah and Eshtaol : and their brethren said
+unto them. What (news bring) ye ?
+
+9 And they said, Arise, and let us go up
+against them ; for we have seen the land, and,
+behold, it is very good: and you keep still?**
+be not slothful, to go, to enter to take pos-
+session of the land.
+
+10 When ye enter, ye will come unto a
+secure people, and the land is roomy ; for God
+hath given it into your hand ; a place where
+theie is no want of any thing that is on the
+earth.
+
+
+" After Sachs ; and means then, that there was no con-
+test and its consequent wrong and injuries arising, as so
+frequently, from a quarrel about the succession. Philipp-
+son comments that no ruler in the vicinity had the power
+to injure them ; whence their security.
+
+
+11 ]) And there went from there of the
+family of tlie Danites, out of Zor'ali and out
+of Eshtaol, six hundred men girded with
+weapons of war.
+
+12 And they Avent up, and encamped in
+Kiryath-ye'arim, in Judah; wherefore they
+called that place Machaneh-dan until this
+day; behold, it is behind Kiryath-ye'arim.
+
+13 And they pa.ssed thence unto the moun-
+tain of Ephraim, and came as far as the
+house of Micah.
+
+14 Then commenced the five men tliat iiad
+gone to spy out the country of Layish. and
+said unto their brethren. Do ye know that
+there are in these houses an ephod, and tera-
+phim, and a graven and molten image? and
+now consider what ac have to do.
+
+15 And they turned thitherward, and
+came to the house of the young man the
+Levite, unto the house of Micah, and asked
+him after his welfare."
+
+16 And the six hundred men who were of
+the children of Dan, girded with their wea-
+pons of war, remained standing by the en-
+
+j trance of the gate.
+
+I 17 And the five men that had gone to spy
+! out the land went up, and came in thither,
+[ and took the graven image, and the ephod,
+! and the teraphim, and the molten image ; and
+; the priest stood in the entrance of the gate
+I with the six hundred men that were girded
+with the weapons of war.
+
+18 And these went into Micah's house,
+and took the graven image, the ephod, and
+the teraphim, and the molten image ; and the
+priest said unto them, What are ye doing?
+
+19 And they said unto him. Be still, lay
+thy hand upon thy mouth, and go with us,
+and become to us a father and a priest: is it
+better that thou be a priest unto the house of
+one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe
+and a family in Israel?
+
+20 And the priest's heart became glad, and
+he took the ephod, and the terapliim, and the
+graven image, and came into tlie midst of the
+people.
+
+21 And they turned and went away, and
+
+
+■^ Abarbanel, "But you keep still?" /. e. keep your ex-
+pedition a secret. Rashi and others, " And you rciunin
+idle?" ('. ('. hesitate to go thither.
+
+° Lit. " Asked him concerning (his) peace," i.n. "saluted
+him."
+
+309
+
+
+JUDGES XVIII. XIX.
+
+
+placed the little ones and the cattle and the
+heavy things before them.
+
+22 When they were at a distance from the
+house of Micah, the men that were in the
+houses near to Micah's house were called to-
+gether, and they overtook the children of
+Dan.
+
+23 And they called unto the children of
+Dan, who turned their faces, and said unto
+Micah, What aileth thee, that thou hast called
+out thy people?
+
+24 And he said. My god which I made
+have ye taken away, and the priest, and are
+gone away; and what have I more? and
+what is this ye say unto me. What aileth
+thee?
+
+25 And the children of Dan said unto him.
+Cause not thy voice to be heard among us,
+lest men of an imbittered spirit assail thee,
+and thou lose thy life, with the life of thy
+household.
+
+26 And the children of Dan went on their
+way; and when Micah saw that they were
+too strong for him, he turned and went back
+unto his house.
+
+27 And they took what Micah had made,
+and the priest whom he had had, and came
+over Layish, over a people that were quiet
+and secui'e; and they smote them with the
+edge of the sword, and the city they burnt
+witli fire.
+
+28 And there was no deliverer; because it
+was far from Zidon, and the people had ]io
+business with any man; and it was in the
+valley that lieth by Both-rechob. And they
+rebuilt the city, and dwelt therein.
+
+29 And they called the name of the city,
+Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who
+was boi'n unto Israel: nevertheless, Layish
+was the name of the city at first.
+
+30 And the children of Dan erected for
+themselves the graven image : and Jonathan,
+the son of Gershora, the son of Menasseh," he
+and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan
+until the day of the exile of the land.''
+
+31 And they set up for themselves Mi-
+cah's graven image, which he had made,
+all the time that the house of God was in
+Shiloh.
+
+
+" This is said to staud for Moses, the j of ntJ'jn being
+writtcu suspended, indicating that it is superfluous.
+
+'■ Iledak refers this to the capture of the ark by the
+Philistines. (1 Sam. iv. 11.)
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass in those daj's,
+when there was no king in Israel," that
+there was a certain Levite sojourning on the
+lower edge of the mountain of Ephraim, who
+took to himself a concubine out of Beth-lechem-
+judah.
+
+2 And his concubine became fixithless unto
+him, and she went away from him unto her
+father's house to Beth-lechem-judah. and was
+there one year* and four months.
+
+3 And tlien her husband arose, and went
+after her, to speakly fi'iendly unto her, to
+bring her back; and he had his servant with
+him, and a couple of asses : and she brought
+him into her father's house; and when the
+father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to
+meet him.
+
+4 And his father-in-law, the damsel's fa-
+ther, detained him; and he abode with him
+three days: and they ate and drank, and
+lodged there.
+
+5 And it came to pass on the fourth day,
+that they arose early in the morning, and he
+rose up to depart; but the damsel's father
+said unto his son-in-law, Comfort thy heart
+with a morsel of bread, and afterward can ye
+go your way.
+
+6 And they sat down, and both of them
+ate togetlier and drank; and the damsel's
+father said unto the man. Do consent, I jiray
+thee, and tarry all night, and let tliy heart be
+merry.
+
+7 Still the man rose up to depart; but
+his iather-in-law urged him, and he turned
+back and lodged there.
+
+8 And when he arose early in the morning
+on the fifth day to depart, the damsel's fatiier
+said, Comfort thy heart, I pray thee, and
+tarry until the decline of the day : and Ijoth
+of them did eat.
+
+9 And. when the man rose up to denart,
+he, and his concubine, and his servant, his
+father-in-law, the damsel's father, said unto
+him, Beliold, now tlie day drawetli tdward
+evening, tarry all night, I pray you : behold,
+it is the resting time of day, lodge here, and
+let thy heart be merry; and you may get
+
+° The history of the lawless act here described is well
+introduced in this manner, as it could not have occurred
+when the law of God was properly administered.
+
+^ Others, "four whole months."
+
+
+JUDGES XIX. XX.
+
+
+early to-morrow on your way, and go then to
+tliy'tent.
+
+U) But the man would not tarry that night,
+but he rose up and went away, and came as
+fixr as opposite Jebus, which is Jerusalem;
+and he liad with him two saddled asses, and
+his concubine also was with him.
+
+1 1 Wlien they were by Jebus, the day was
+far spent ; and the servant said unto his mas-
+ter. Come, I pray thee, and let us turn in
+unto this city of the Jebusites, and lodge
+in it.
+
+12 And his master said unto him, We will
+not turn into one of the cities of the stranger,
+that are not belonging to the cliildren of Is-
+rael ; but we will ]5ass on as far as Gib'ah.
+
+13 And he said unto his servant. Come,
+and let us draw near to one of these places;
+and let us lodge all night in Gib'ah, or in
+Ramah.
+
+14 And they passed on and went forward;
+and the sun went down unto them by Gib'ah,
+which belongeth to Benjamin.
+
+15 And they turned aside thither, to go in
+to lodge in Gib'ah; and when he went in, he
+sat down in the street of the city; for there
+was no man that brought them into his house
+to lodge.
+
+16 And, behold, an old man was coming
+from his work out of the field at evening, and
+this man was from the mountain of Ephraim,
+and he sojourned in Gib'ah; but the men of
+the place were Benjamites.
+
+17 And he lifted up his eyes, and saw
+the wayfaring man in the street of the city:
+and then said the old man, Whither goest
+thou? and whence comest thou?
+
+18 And he said unto him. We are passing
+from Beth-lechem-judah toward the lower
+edge of the mountain of Ephraim ; from there
+am I, and I went as far as Beth-lechem-judah;
+but I am going to the house of the Lord ; and
+there is no man that bringeth me into his
+house.
+
+19 Yet there is both straw and provender
+for our asses; and there are also bread and
+wine for me, and for thy handmaid, and for
+the young man who is with thy servants;
+there is no want of any thing.
+
+20 And the old man said. Peace be with
+thee; only let all thy wants lie upon me; at
+least lodge not in the street.
+
+21 So he brouo-ht liim to his house, and
+
+
+gave provender unto the asses: and they
+washed their feet, and they ate and drank.
+
+22 As they were making their hearts
+merry, behold, the men of the city, worthless
+people, beset the house round about, knocking
+at the door; and they said to the master of
+the house, the old man, thus, Bring forth
+the man that is come to thy house, that we
+may know him.
+
+23 And the man, the master of the house,
+went out unto them, and said unto them. No,
+my brethren, I pray you, act not wickedly ;
+since this man is once come into my house,
+do not this scandalous thing.
+
+24 Behold, here is my daughter a vii'gin,
+and his concubine; let me bring them out
+now, and liumble ye them, and do to them
+what seemeth good in your eyes; but unto
+this man do not this scandalous thing.
+
+25 But the men would not hearken to him ;
+so the man took hold of his conculjine, and
+brought her forth unto them into the street;
+and they knew her, and ill-used her all the
+night until the morning; and they let her go
+when the day began to dawn.
+
+26 Then came the woman (home) in the
+early part of the morning, and fell down at
+the door of the man's house where her lord
+was, (and lay) till it was light.
+
+27 And when her lord rose up in the
+morning, and opened the doors of the house,
+and went out to go on his way : l)ehold, the
+woman, his concubine, was laying at the door
+of the house, with her hands ujton the thres-
+hold.
+
+28 And he said unto her, Rise up, and let
+us be going; but no one answered. Then he
+took her upon the ass, and the man rose up,
+and went unto his place.
+
+29 And when he was come into his house,
+he took a knife, and laid hold on his concu-
+bine, and divided her, according to her lioues,
+into twelve pieces, and sent her about in all
+the territory of Israel.
+
+30 And it happened, that whoever saw it
+said, There hath no such deed been done ov
+seen from the day that the children of Israel
+came up out of the land of Egypt until this
+day: reflect well on it, give advice, and speak.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+1 T[ Then went out all the children of
+Israel, and the congregation was assembled
+
+311
+
+
+JUDGES XX.
+
+
+together as one man, from Dan even to Beer-
+slieba', with the land of Gil'ad, unto the Lord
+in Mizpah.
+
+2 And there presented themselves the
+chiefs" of all the people, of all the tribes of
+Israel, in the assembly of the people of God,
+four hundred thousand men on foot that drew
+the sword.
+
+3 ][ (And the children of Benjamin heard
+that the children of Israel were gone up to
+Mizpah.) And the children of Israel said,
+Speak, how did this wicli:edness take place?
+
+4 And the Levite, the husband of the
+woman that was murdered, answered and
+said, I came to Gib'ah that belongetli to Ben-
+jamin, I and my concubine, to stay one night,
+
+5 When the men of Gib'ah rose against
+me, and beset the house round about against
+me by night ; me they intended to slay ; and
+my concu])ine they humbled, so that she
+died.
+
+6 And I took hold of my concubine and
+cut her in i)ieces, and sent her about through-
+out all the fields of the inheritance of Israel ;
+for they had committed incest and scandal
+in Israel.
+
+7 Behold, ye are all here children of Israel :
+furnish for yourselves here advice and counsel.
+
+8 And all the people then arose as one
+man, saying, We will not go any of us to his
+tent, neither will we turn any of us into his
+house.
+
+9 And now this shall be the thing which
+we will do to Gib'ah : We will go up against
+it by lot ;
+
+10 And we will take ten men out of every
+hundred throughout all the tribes of Israel,
+and a hundred out of every thousand, and a
+thousand out of every ten thousand, to pro-
+cure provisions for the people ; that they may
+do, when they come to Gib'ah of Benjamin,
+in accordance with all the scandalous deed that
+they have wrought in Israel.
+
+1 1 So all the men of Israel were gathered
+against the city, associated together as one
+man.
+
+12 ][ And the tribes of Israel sent men
+through all the divisions* of Benjamin, saying.
+
+
+' After Jonathan. Pliilippson, after Abarbanel, ren-
+ders nUD with "army corps," or "military divisions;"
+and transhates, "and the whole people placed themselves
+in divisions," &c.
+812
+
+
+What wickedness is this that hath been done
+among you ?
+
+13 Now therefore deliver up the men, those
+worthless people, who are in Gib'ah, that we
+may jjut them to death, and remove evil from
+Israel. But the children of Benjamin would
+not hearken to the voice of their brethren tiie
+children of Israel.
+
+14 ^ And the children of Benjamin ga-
+thered themselves together out of the cities
+unto Gib'ah, to go out to battle with the chil-
+dren of Israel.
+
+15 And at that time there were numbered
+of the children of Benjamin out of the cities
+twenty and six thousand men that drew
+the sword, beside the inhabitants of Gib'ah,
+who were numbered seven hundred chosen
+men.
+
+16 Among all this people there were seven
+hundred chosen men hmie' in the right hand:
+every one of these could sling a stone at a hair,
+and would not miss.
+
+17 ^ And the men of Israel, beside Benja-
+min, were numbered four hundred thousand
+men that drew the sword : all these were men
+of war.
+
+18 And they arose, and went up to Beth-el.
+and asked counsel of God ; and the children
+of Israel said. Who of us shall go up at first
+to the battle with the children of Benjamin?
+And the Lord said, Judah, at first.
+
+19 And the children of Israel rose u]) in
+the morning, and encamped against Gib'ah.
+
+20 And the men of Israel went out to
+battle with Benjamin; and the men of Israel
+put themselves in battle-array against them
+by Gib'ah.
+
+21 And the children of Benjamin came
+forth out of Gib'ah, and struck down'' to the
+ground of the Israelites on that day twenty
+and two thousand men.
+
+22 And the people the men of Israel took
+courage, and set themselves again in battle-
+array in the place where they had arrayed
+themselves on the first day.
+
+23 And the children of Israel went uj) and
+wept before the Lord luitil the evening, and
+asked counsel of the Lord, saying, Shall I again
+
+
+■^Lit. "Tribes."
+
+' Others, " Left-handed j" others, "using both hands."
+(See above, iii. 15.)
+'' Lit. "destroyed."
+
+
+JUDGES XX.
+
+
+approach to battle with the children of Benjor
+mill my I)rother? And the Lord said, Go up
+
+
+ai2iiinst liim.
+
+
+24 ^ And the children of Israel came near
+against the children of Benjamin on the
+second day.
+
+25 And Benjamin went forth against them
+out of Gib'ah on the second day, and struck
+down to the ground of the children of Israel
+again eighteen thousand men : all these were
+men that drew the sword.
+
+20 Now all the children of Israel, and all
+the people, went up, and came unto Beth-el,
+and wept, and sat there before the Lord, and
+fasted on that day until the evening, and
+offered burnt-offerings and peace-oflFerings be-
+fore the Lord.
+
+27 And the children of Israel inquired of
+the Lord, (for there was the ark of the cove-
+nant of God in those days,
+
+28 And Phinehas, the son of Elazar, the
+son of Aaron, stood before it in those days,)
+saying, Shall I yet continue to go out to battle
+Avith the children of Benjamin my bi'other, or
+shall I forbear? And the Lord said. Go up;
+for to-morrow will I deliver him into thv
+hand.
+
+29 And Israel set men to lie in wait round
+about Gib' ah.
+
+30 ^ And the children of Israel went up
+against the childi-en of Benjamin on the third
+day, and put themselves in array against
+Gib' ah, as at previous times.
+
+31 And the children of Benjamin went out
+against the people, and were drawn away
+from the city; and they began to smite some
+of the people, and kill," as at previous times,
+in the highways, of which one goeth up to
+Beth-el, and the other to Gib'ah in the field,
+about thirty men of Israel.
+
+32 And the children of Benjamin said,
+They are defeated before us, as at the first.
+But the children of Israel said. Let us flee,
+and draw them from the city unto the high-
+ways.
+
+33 And all the men of Israel rose up out
+of their place, and put themselves in array at
+Ba'al-thamar : and those that lay in wait of
+
+
+' Lit. "smite of the people slaiu."
+
+'' Some refer this "they" to the "men of Israel," mean-
+ing, that the Benjamites thought in the beginning of the
+battle that the others were defeated, as they began to fly.
+
+2 P
+
+
+Israel rushed forth out of their place, out of
+the meadows of Gib'ah.
+
+34 And there came against Gib'ah ten
+thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and
+the battle was severe; but they knew not
+that the evil was overtaking them.
+
+35 ^ And the Lord smote Benjamin before
+Israel ; and the children of Israel destroyed
+of the Benjamites on that day twenty and
+five thousand and one hundred men : all
+these were those that drew the sword.
+
+36 And the children of Benjamin saw that
+they*" were defeated; for the men of Isi-ael
+gave place to the Benjamites, Ijecause they
+trusted unto those that lay in wait whom
+they had set against Gib'ah.
+
+37 And those in ambush hastened, and
+spread themselves over Gib'ah; and those
+that lay in wait moved along, and smote all
+the city with the edge of the sword.
+
+38 Now there was an understanding be-
+tween the men of Israel and those that lay in
+wait, that they sliould make an abundance of
+columns of smoke rise up out of the city.
+
+39 And when the men of Israel turned
+round in the battle, and Benjamin began to
+smite and kill of the men of Israel about
+thirty persons ; for they said, Surely they are
+entirely defeated before us, as in the first
+battle :
+
+40 Then began the cloud" to arise up out
+of the city as a pillar of smoke; and when
+the Benjamites looked behind them, behold,
+the flames of all the city were ascending up
+to heaven.
+
+41 And when the men of Israel turned
+again, the men of Benjamin were amazed;
+for they saw that the evil had overtaken
+them.
+
+42 Therefore they turned round before the
+men of Israel unto the way to the wilderness ;
+but the battle overtook them ; and those who
+came out of the cities destroyed them in the
+midst of them.
+
+43 They enclosed the Benjamites I'ound
+about, chased them, they overtook them in
+their places of rest,'' as far as opposite to Gib'ah
+toward the rising of the sun.
+
+
+" Redak renders, "The flames to send up."
+
+^ Rashi. Others, "they trod them down with ease;"
+
+others, " they chased them to Menuchah," as though it
+
+were the name of a place.
+
+313
+
+
+JUDGES XX. XXi.
+
+
+44 And there fell of Benjamin eighteen
+thousand men : all these were men of valour.
+
+45 And they turned and fled toward the
+wilderness unto the rock of Rimmon ; and
+they gleaned of tliem in the highways five
+thousand men; and they pursued hard after
+them as far as Gidom, and slew of them two
+thousand men.
+
+46 So that all who fell on that day of
+Benjamin were twenty and five thousand men
+that drew the sword : all these were men of
+valour.
+
+47 But six hundred men turned and fled
+into the wildeniess unto the rock Rimmon,
+and they abode on the rock Rimmon four
+months.
+
+48 And the men of Israel turned again
+upon the children of Benjamin, and smote
+them Avith the edge of the sword, as well the
+men of every city," as the beasts, and all that
+was found : also all the cities that they came
+upon did they set on fire.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ Now the men of Israel had sworn in
+Mizpah, sajdng, Not any one of us shall give
+his daughter unto Benjamin for wife.
+
+2 And the people came to Beth-el, and
+abode there till the evening, before God, and
+they lifted up their voices, and wept with a
+great lamentation ;
+
+3 And they said, Wherefore, 0 Lord, God of
+Israel, is this come to pass in Israel, that there
+should be lacking this day out of Israel one
+tribe ?
+
+4 And it came to pass on the morrow, that
+the people rose early, and built there an altar,
+and offered burnt^oflerings and peace-offerings.
+
+5 % And the children of Israel said, Who
+is there among all the tribes of Israel that
+came not up with the congregation unto the
+Lord? For there had been taken the great oath
+concerning him that came not up to the Lord
+to Mizpah, saying. He shall surely be put to
+death.
+
+6 And the children of Israel felt regret for
+Benjamin their brother, and they said. One
+tribe hath this day been cut down from Israel.
+
+
+' Raslii. Sachs and others render UDO not as D'TID
+with "people," but "entirely;" thus, "the entire city, no
+less than the cattle," &c.
+
+"■ Lit. "and proclaimed to them peace."
+314
+
+
+7 What shall we do as respecteth wives for
+those that remain, since we have sworn b\
+the Lord that we will give none of our dnugh-
+ters unto them for wives ?
+
+8 And they said, What one is there of the
+tribes of Israel that came not up unto the
+Lord to Mizpah ? And, behold, there had not
+come to the camp a man from Yabesh-gil'ad
+to the assembly.
+
+9 For the people were numbered, and, be-
+hold, there was not present a man of the in-
+habitants of Yabesh-gil'ad.
+
+10 And the congregation sent thither twelve
+thousand persons of the valiant men, and com-
+manded them, saying. Go and smite the in-
+habitants of Yabesh-gil'ad with the edge of
+the sword, with the women and the children.
+
+11 And this is the thing that ye shall do,
+every male, and every woman that hath
+known (man) by l^'ing with him, shall ye
+devote.
+
+12 And they found among the inhabitants
+of Yabesh-gil'ad four hundred joung virgins
+that had not known man by lying with any
+male : and they brought them unto the camp
+to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.
+
+1-3 T[ And the whole congregation sent and
+spoke to the children of Benjamin that were
+on the rock Rimmon, and'^' oflered them
+peace.
+
+14 And Benjamin returned at that time:
+and they gave unto them the wives whom they
+had saved alive out of the women of Yabesh-
+gil'ad ; but they found not sufficient for them
+in this way.
+
+15 And the people felt regret for Benjamin ;
+because that the Lord had made a breach iu
+the tribes of Israel.
+
+16 ]f And the elders of the congregation
+said. What shall we do for those that remain
+as respecteth wives; because the women have
+been destroyed out of Benjamin ':
+
+17 And they said. Their inheritance" must
+be secured for Benjamin, that not a tribe may
+be blotted out from Israel.
+
+18 Nevertheless we ourselves are not able
+to give them wives of our own daughters ; for
+the children of Israel have sworn, saying.
+
+
+"Lit. "An inheritance of escape shall be for Benja-
+min;" ?". e. care must be taken that the possessions of this
+tribe shall remain with it, and not be diverted by it.s ex-
+tinction.
+
+
+JUDGES XXI. 1 SAMUEL I.
+
+
+Ciirsod be lu' tliat givetli a, wife to Benja-
+min.
+
+I'J ^1 And they said, Behold, there is a feast
+of the Lord in Shiloh from year to year" (at
+a phxce) which is on the north side of Beth-el,
+on the east side of the highway that goeth up
+from Beth-el to Shechem, and on the south of
+Lebonah.
+
+20 And they commanded the children of
+Benjamin, saying, Go ye and lie in wait in
+the vineyards;
+
+21 And look out, and, behold, if the
+daughters of Shiloh go out to dance in dances :
+then come ye forth out of the vineyards, and
+snatch you every man his wife from the
+daughters of Shiloh, and go then to the land
+of Benjamin.
+
+22 And it shall be, when their fathers or
+
+
+their brothers come to contend with us, that
+we will say unto them. Be favoura))le'' unto
+them for our sakes; because we took not for
+each man his wife in the war ; (and) because
+ye yourselves did not give them unto them,
+that ye should at this time be guilty.
+
+23 And the children of Benjamin did so,
+and took themselves wives, according to their
+number, from the dancers whom they had
+stolen away ; and they went and returned unto
+their inheritance, and rebuilt the cities, and
+dwelt in them.
+
+24 And the children of Israel departed
+thence at that time, every man to his tribe
+and to his familj^, and they went out from
+there every man to his inheritance.
+
+25 In those days there was no l^ing in Israel :
+every man did what was right in his own eyes.
+
+
+THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL,
+
+CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL FROM THE BIRTH OF SAMUEL TO THE
+
+DEATH OF SAUL.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 And there was a certain man of Rama-
+thayira-zophim, of the mountain of Ephraim,
+whose name was Elkanah, the son of Yero-
+cham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tochu,
+the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite.
+
+2 And he had two wives ; the name of the
+one was Hannah, and the name of the other
+Peninnah : and Peninnah had children, but
+Hannah had no children.
+
+3 And this man went up out of his city from
+year to year to prostrate himself and to sacri-
+fice unto the Lord of hosts in Shiloh. And
+at that place were the two sons of 'Eli, Chophni
+and Phinehas, priests of the Lokd.
+
+4 And when the day was come that Elkar
+
+
+" i. e. Once every year at a particular period.
+
+'' Sachs and Philippson translate, " grant them," i. e,
+the young women, "to us; for we have not taken a wife
+fur each in the battle, (('. e. against Yahesh,)" &c. — The
+
+
+nah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife,
+and to all her sons and her daughters, por-
+tions ;
+
+5 But unto Hannah he gave a double por-
+tion ; for Hannah he loved (greatly) ; but the
+Lord had shut up her womb.
+
+6 And her rival also provoked her continu-
+ally, in order to make her fret; because the
+Lord had shut up lier womb.
+
+7 And as he did so* year by year, as often
+as she went up to the house of the Lord, so
+did she provoke her; wherefore she wept, and
+did not eat.
+
+8 Then said to her Elkanah her husband,
+Hannah, why wilt thou weep ? and why wilt
+thou not eat ? and why should thy heart be
+grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?
+
+
+guilt referred to is the breaking of the oath, which they de-
+clared was not incurred, since the maidens were taken by the
+Benjamites, not given to them voluntarily by their parents.
+° " And so it happened," &e. — Philippson.
+
+315
+
+
+1 SAMUEL J. 11.
+
+
+9 And Hannah rose up after they had
+eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk;
+and 'Eli the priest was sitting upon a chair by
+the door-post of the temple of the Lord.
+
+10 But she had bitterness of soul," and
+prayed unto the Lord, and wept greatly.
+
+11 And she vowed a vow, and said, 0 Lord
+of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the af-
+fliction of thy handmaid, and remember me,
+and not forget thy handmaid, but wilt give
+unto thy handmaid a man-child : then will I
+give him unto the Lord all the days of his
+life, and no razor shall come upon his head.
+
+12 And it came to pass, as she continued
+praying long before the Lord, that 'Eli watch-
+ed her mouth.
+
+13 Now as for Hannah, she spoke in her
+heart; only her lips moved, but her voice
+could not be heard ;*" wherefore 'Eli regarded
+her as a drunken woman.
+
+14 And 'Eli said unto her, How long wilt
+thou Ije drunken? put away thy wine from
+off thee.
+
+15 And Hannah answered and said. No,
+my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit;
+but neither wine nor strong drink have I
+drunk, and I have poured out my soul before
+the Lord.
+
+16 Esteem not thy handmaid as a worth-
+less woman ; for out of the abundance of my
+grief and vexation have I spoken hitherto.
+
+17 Then 'EU answered and said, Go in
+peace; and may the God of Israel grant thy
+petition which thou hast asked of him.
+
+18 And she said, Let thy handmaid find
+grace in thy eyes. The woman then went on
+her way, and did eat, and her countenance
+was no longer as before.
+
+19 And they rose up early in the morning,
+and prostrated themselves before the Lord,
+and returned, and came to their house at Ea-
+mah; and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife;
+and the Lord remembered her.
+
+20 And it came to pass," after the lapse of
+some time, that Hannah conceived, and bore
+a son ; and she called his name Samuel,''
+saying, Because from the Lord have I asked
+him.
+
+" /. e. Felt deep and corroding grief.
+
+*• Prayer to be acceptable to God should be the outpour-
+ing of sincere feeling, and needs not a loud voice.
+
+° Redak; "When the usual time after Hannah had con-
+2eivcd was come about, that," i*te.
+816
+
+
+21 And the man Elkanah went up, with
+all his house, to offer unto the Lord the yearly
+sacrifice, and his vow.
+
+22 But Hannah did not go up; for she
+said unto her husband, So soon as the child
+shall be weaned, then I will bring him, that
+he may ajjpear before the Lord, and abide
+there for ever."
+
+23 And Elkanah her husband said unto
+her, Do what seemeth good in thy eyes ; tarry
+until thou hast weaned him; only may the
+Lord fulfil his word. So the woman remained
+behind, and gave her son suck until she wean-
+ed him.
+
+24 And she took him up with lier, when
+she had weaned him, with three bullocks, and
+one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and
+she brought him unto the house of the Lord
+at Shiloh ; although the child was yet young.
+
+25 And they slew a bullock, and brought
+the child to 'Eli.
+
+26 And she said, Pardon, my lord, as thy
+soul liveth, my lord, I am the woman that
+stood by thee here, to pray unto the Lord.
+
+27 For this lad did I praj-; and the Lord
+hath granted me my petition which I asked
+of him ;
+
+28 Therefore also have I lent him, for my
+part, to the Lord; all the days that have been
+assigned to him shall he be lent to the Lord.
+And he bowed himself there before the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ And Hannah prayed, and said, My
+heart is glad in the Lord, my horn is exalted
+through the Lord: my mouth is enlarged'
+over my enemies; because I rejoice in thy
+salvation.
+
+2 There is none holy like the Lord; for
+there is none beside thee; and there is not
+any rock like our God.
+
+3 Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let
+not arrogance come out of your mouth; for
+a God of knowledge is the Lord, and by him
+are actions weighed.
+
+4 The bow of the mighty is In-oken, and
+those that stumbled are girded with strength.
+
+5 They that were full hire themselves out
+
+
+* Properly, Shemuel, from Sno bisty "asked of God;"
+or, Sx yniil "God hath heard," /. e. my prayer.
+
+° i. e. So long as he lives. The -\}} in the first part of
+the verse has been given after Philippson. ■
+
+' /. r. "T open it wide and boldly."
+
+
+1 SAMUEL II.
+
+
+for bread; and they tliat wrre liungrj' cease
+(froui labour) : while the barren hath born
+seven, she that hath many children fadeth
+away.
+
+6 The Lord killeth, and maketh alive:
+he bringeth down to the grave, and bring-
+eth up.
+
+7 The Lord maketh jjoor and maketh rich :
+he bringeth low and also lifteth up.
+
+8 He I'aiseth up out of the dust the poor,
+from the dunghill he lifteth up the needy, to
+set them among nobles, and he assigneth them
+the throne of glor}-; for the Lord's are the
+pillars of the earth, on which lie liath set the
+world.
+
+9 He ever guardeth the feet of his pious
+ones, and the wicked shall be made silent in
+darkness; for not by strength can man prevail.
+
+10 The Lord — his adversaries will be
+crushed; out of heaven will he thunder upon
+them: the Lord will judge the ends of the
+earth; and he will give strength unto his
+king, and lift up the horn of his anointed.
+
+11 ^[ And Elkanah went to Ramah to his
+house. And the lad was ministering unto the
+Lord l^efore 'Eli the priest.
+
+12 And the sons of 'Eli were worthless
+men : they knew not the Lord.
+
+13 And the custom of the priests with the
+people was, that, when any man offered a
+sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while (the
+man) was seething the flesh, with a fork with
+three teeth in his hand;
+
+14 And he struck it into the pan, or the
+kettle, or the caldron, or the pot; (and) all
+that the fork brought up the priest took away
+with it. So did they unto all the Israelites
+that came thither, to Shiloh.
+
+15 Even" before they had yet burnt the
+fat, the priest's servant would come, and say
+to the man that sacrificed. Give flesh to roast
+for the priest; for he wall not take from thee
+sodden flesh, but raw.
+
+IG And if the man said unto him, They
+will surely presently burn the fat, and then
+take whatever thy soul may long for: then
+
+
+' The priests had of sacrifices the breast and shoulder,
+and this was theirs ouly after the fat was burnt. Hence,
+their exaction was so odious, especially as they showed such
+a disrespect for the proper service, that they would be
+served before they had completed the duties demanded of
+them.
+
+'' Some refer this to the people who formerly sacrificed,
+
+
+would he say, Mo; but thou shalt give it mc
+now ; and if not, I will it take by force.
+
+17 And the sin t)f the young men was very
+great before the Lord; for the men'' despised
+the offering of the Lord.
+
+18 But Samuel was ministering Ijefore the
+Lord, being a lad, girded with a linen ephod.
+
+19 Moreover his mother used to make him
+a little overcoat, and brought it to him from
+year to year, when she came up with her hus-
+band to offer the yearly sacrifice.
+
+20 And 'Eli blessed Elkanah and his wile,
+and said. May the Lord gi\e thee seed from
+this woman instead of the loan who is lent
+to the Lord. And they wx^nt back unto his
+place.
+
+• 21 And truly the Lord visited Hannah,
+and she conceived, and bore three sons and
+two daughters. And the lad Samuel grew
+up before the Lord.
+
+22 ^\ Now 'Eli was very old, and heard
+all that his sons were in the habit of doing
+unto all Israel ; and how they w' ould lie wi*^h
+the women that assembled at the door of the
+tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+23 And he said unto them, Why will ye
+do such things? for I hear of your evil deal-
+ings from all this people.
+
+24 No, my sons; for the report that I hear
+is not good, which the Lord's people sjjread
+abroad."
+
+25 If one man sin against another, the
+judge shall judge him ; but if against the Lord
+a man should sin, who shall praj- for him?
+Nevertheless would they not hearken unto the
+voice of their fiither, because the Lord desired
+to slay them.
+
+26 And the lad Samuel was constantly
+growing and increasing in favour both with
+the Lord, and also with men.
+
+27 ^ And there came a man of God luito
+'Eli, and said unto him, Thus hath said the
+Lord, Did I (not) appear unto the house of
+thy father, when they were in Egypt in Pha-
+raoh's house?
+
+28 And did I (not) choose him out of all
+
+
+who obtained a disgust for offerings so shamefully abused
+by the priests. Others refer "the men" to 'Eli's son.s,
+who acted unworthily with the sacrifices as hypocrites of
+all ages do, seeking the sanctuary for their worldly ad-
+vancement.
+
+° Others, "that you mislead the Lord's people to sin."
+Our version is after Rashi. (See Esod. xssvi. 6.)
+
+317
+
+
+1 SAMUEL II. III.
+
+
+the tribes of Israel to me as a priest, to offer
+upon my altar, to burn incense, to wear an
+ephod before me? and did I (not) give unto
+the house of thy father all the fire-oflerings
+of the children of Israel Z
+
+29 Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and
+at my meat-offering, which I have commanded
+in(my) habitation? and (why) honouredst thou
+thy sons above me, to fatten yourselves Avith
+the first of every offering of Israel my peo-
+ple?
+
+30 Therefore saith the Lord the God of
+Israel, I had indeed said, Thy house, and the
+house of thy father, should walk before me
+for ever; but now, saith the Lord, Be it far
+from me; for those that honour me will I
+honour, and those that despise me shall be
+lightly esteemed.
+
+31 Behold, days are coming, that I will
+hew off thy arm, and the arm of thy father's
+house, so that there shall not be an old man
+in thy house.
+
+32 And thou shalt behold a rival" in my
+habitation, in all that Ijy which he'' will do
+good for Israel : and there shall not be an old
+man in thy house in all times.
+
+33 And yet I will not cut off the men
+descended from thee" from my altar, to con-
+sume thy eyes, and to grieve thy soul : and
+all the increase of thy house shall die as
+(vigorous) men.
+
+34 And this shall be unto thee the sign,
+tliat shall happen on thy two sons, on Chophni
+and Phinehas : On one day shall they, both of
+them, die.
+
+35 And I will raise up to me a faithful
+priest, who shall do in accordance with what
+is in my heart and in my mind; and I will
+build for him an enduring house ; and he shall
+walk before my anointed in all times.
+
+36 And it shall come to pass, that whoever
+is left in thy liouse shall come to bow down
+to him lor a gera* of silver and a loaf of
+bread, and shall say, Attach me, 1 pray thee,
+unto one of the priestly offices, that 1 may
+eat a piece of bread.
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+' After Rashi. Others render li" adverbially, "Thou
+wilt look about thee with cuvy." But it means simply
+that 'p]Ii, or his de.sceiidants, should be compelled to see
+in God's house oue who should supersede them.
+
+"" " He" refers to the rival, and means "the good which
+lie shall be permitted to effect." Rashi renders, "on all,
+when it shall go well with Israel."
+.318
+
+
+1 T[ And the lad Samuel was ministering
+unto the Lord before 'Eli. And the word of
+the Lord was scarce in those days: prophecy
+was not extended.
+
+2 And it came to pass one day, when 'Eli
+was lying down in his place, and his eyes had
+begun to grow dim, he could not see;
+
+3 And the lamp of God had not yet gone
+out, while Samuel was lying down in (the
+hall of) the temple of the Lord, where the ark
+of God was ;
+
+4 That the Lord called Samuel: and he
+said, Here am I.
+
+5 And he ran unto 'Eli, and said, Here am
+I ; for thou didst call me. And he said, 1 did
+not call: lie down again. And he went and
+lay down.
+
+6 And the Lord continued to call again,
+Samuel. And Samuel arose and went to 'Eli,
+and said. Here am I; for thou didst call me.
+And he answered, I did not call, my son: lie
+down again.
+
+7 And Samuel knew not yet the Lord, nor
+had the word of the Lord been as yet revealed
+unto him.
+
+8 And the Lord continued to call, Samuel,
+the third time; and he arose and went to
+'Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call
+me. And 'Eli then perceived that the Lord
+was calling the lad.
+
+9 And 'Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie down ;
+and it shall be, if he call thee, that thou shalt
+say. Speak, Lord; for thy servant heareth.
+And Samuel went and lay down in his
+place.
+
+10 And the Lord came, and jjlaced him-
+self, and called as at previous times, Samuel,
+Samuel. And Samuel said. Speak; for thy
+servant heareth.
+
+11 Tl And the Lord said to Samuel, Be-
+hold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which
+both the ears of every one that heareth it
+shall tingle.
+
+12 On that day will I fulfil on 'Eli all
+
+
+" Lit. "I will not cut off a man unto thee;" i. <■. there
+shall be descendants from 'Eli, so that there may ever
+be some of them to serve at the altar under the conditions
+named.
+
+^ /. r. A small coin. The meaning is, that though 'Eli
+was both judge and high-priest, his descendants should
+apply to the new head for means of support.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL III. IV.
+
+
+that I have spoken eonceriiing his liouse: I
+will begin and finish.'
+
+13 And I tell him that I will judge his
+house for ever; for the iniquity that he knew
+that his sons were drawing a curse on them-
+selves,'' and he restrained them not.
+
+14 And therefore have I sworn unto the
+house of 'Eli, that the iniquitj' of 'Eli's house
+shall not be atoned for with sacrifice or meat-
+oflering for ever.
+
+IG And Samuel lay until the morning,
+when he opened the doors of the house of the
+Lord; and Samuel feared to tell the vision
+unto 'Eli.
+
+IG But 'Eli called Samuel, and said, Sa-
+muel, my son. And he said, Here am I.
+
+17 And he said. What is the word which
+he hath spoken unto thee? do not, I pray
+thee, conceal it from me : may God do to thee
+thus, and continue to do so, if thou conceal
+any thing from me of all the word that he
+hath spoken unto thee.
+
+18 And Samuel told him all the words,
+and concealed nothing from him. And he
+said, He is the Lor-d: let him do what seem-
+eth good in his eyes.
+
+19 And Samuel grcAv up, and the Lord
+was with him, and he did not let fall any one
+of all his words to the ground.
+
+20 And thus knew all . Israel from Dan
+even to Beer-sheba' that Samuel was accredit-
+ed as a prophet of the Lord.
+
+21 ]| And the Lord contiiuied to appear in
+Shiloh; for the Lord revealed himself to Sa-
+muel in Shiloh by the word of the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 And the word of Samuel became known
+to all Israel. Now Israel went out against
+the Philistines to battle, and encamped beside
+Eben-ha'ezer;" and the Philistines encamped
+in Aphek.
+
+2 And the Philistines put themselves in
+l)attle-array against Israel; and the battle
+became aeneral,'' and Israel was smitten be-
+fore the Philistines: and they slew on the
+battle-ground", in the field, about four thousand
+men.
+
+3 And when the people were come back
+
+
+' Ileb. "beginning and ending." Pliilippson, "from
+the beginning to the end."
+
+'' "Were rendering themselves vile." — Rashi.
+
+
+into the camp, the elders of Israel said. Where-
+fore hath the Lord smitten us this day before
+the Philistines? Let us bring over to us out
+of Shiloh the ark of the covenant of the Lord,
+that it may come in the midst of us, and de-
+liver us out of the hand of our enemies.
+
+4 So the people sent to Shiloh, and they
+bi'ought away from there the ark of the
+covenant of tlie Lord of hosts, who dwelleth
+over the cherubim : and the two sons of 'Eli,
+Chophni and Phinehas, were there with the
+ark of the covenant of God.
+
+5 And it happened when the ark of the
+covenant of the Lord came into the camp,
+that all Israel set up a great shout, so that
+the earth trembled.
+
+6 And when the Philistines heard the
+noise of the shouting, they said, What mean-
+etli the noise of this great shouting in the
+camp of the Hebrews? And they understood
+that the ark of the Lord was come into the
+camp.
+
+7 And the Philistines were afraid; for they
+said, God is come into the camp. And they
+said. Wo unto us! for the like of this hath
+not been, yesterday or the day before.
+
+8 Wo unto us ! who shall deliver us out of
+the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the
+Gods that smote the Egyptians with every
+plague in the wilderness.
+
+9 Be strong, and act like men, 0 Philis-
+tines, so that ye become not servants unto
+the Hebrews, as they have been servants to
+you : therefore act like men, and fight.
+
+10 And the Philistines fought, and the Is-
+raelites were smitten, and they fied every
+man unto his tent: and the defeat was very
+great ; and there fell of Israel thirty thousand
+men on foot.
+
+11 And the ark of God was taken; and
+the two sons of 'Eli, Chophni and Phinehas,
+died also.
+
+12 And there ran a man of Benjamin from
+the battle-field, and came to Shiloh on the
+same day, with his clothes rent, and earth
+upon his head.
+
+13 And when he came, lo, 'Eli was sitting
+upon a chair by the wayside watching; for
+his heart was anxious for the ark of God.
+
+
+° /. e. The place afterward so called.
+
+^ Lit. "wa.s spread out."
+
+° Sachs; literally, "in the battle-array."
+
+319
+
+
+1 SAMUEL IV. V.
+
+
+And when the mau came to tell it in the
+city, all the city cried out.
+
+14 And when 'Eli heard the noise of the
+crying, he said. What meaneth the noise of
+this multitude? And the man came in hasti-
+ly, and told it to 'Eli.
+
+15 Now 'Eli was ninety and eight years
+old ; and his eyes were fixed, so that he could
+not see.
+
+16 And the mau said unto 'Eli, I am the
+person that came from the battle-field, and I
+myself fled from the battle-field to-day. And
+he said. What was it that took place, my son ?
+
+17 And the messenger answered and said,
+Israel is fled before the PhiUstines, and there
+hath also been a great slaughter among the
+people, and also thy two sons, Chophni and
+Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God hath
+been taken.
+
+18 And it came to pass, when he mentioned
+the ark of God, that he fell from oflT the chair
+backward by the side of the gate, and his neck
+was broken, and he died ; for the man was
+old, and heavy. And he had judged Israel
+forty years.
+
+19 And his daughter-in-law, the wife of
+Phinehas, was with child, near to be delivered :
+and when she heard the tidings concerning
+that the ark of God had been taken, and that
+her father-in-law and her husband were dead,
+she sank down and gave birth ; for her pains
+came suddenly upon her.
+
+20 And at the moment of her dying, the
+women that stood around her spoke (unto her).
+Fear not; for a son hast thou born. But she
+answered not, nor did she take it to heart.
+
+21 And she named the child I-chabod,"
+«aying. Glory is departed from Israel ; because
+of the taking away of the ark of God, and be-
+cause of her father-in-law and her husband.
+
+22 And she said, Glory is departed from
+Israel ; for the ark of God hath been taken
+away.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ][ And the Philistines took the ark of
+God, and brought it from Eben-ha'ezer unto
+Aslidod.
+
+2 And the Philistines took the ark of God,
+
+
+* This means, " No honour." — Rashi.
+•" No doubt that Dagon was represented as a human
+figure above, terTninating in a lish budv.
+320
+
+
+and brought it into the house of Dagon, and
+set it by Dagon.
+
+3 And when the people of Ashdod arose
+early on the morrow, behold, Dagon was l}"ing
+upon his face on the earth before the ark of
+the Lord. And they took Dagon, and set him
+again in his place.
+
+4 And when they arose early on the morn-
+ing of the following day, behold, Dagon was
+lying upon his face on the ground before the
+ark of the Lord ; and the head of Dagon and
+both the palms of his hands were cut oft' upon
+the threshold; only the fish portion'' was left
+on him.
+
+5 Therefore do the priests of Dagon, and
+all that come into Dagon's house, not step on
+the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod even until
+this day.
+
+6 ][ And the hand of the Lord became
+heavy upon the people of Ashdod, and he
+destroyed them, and smote them with hemor-
+rhoids, even Ashdod and its territory.
+
+7 And when the men of Ashdod saw that
+it was so, they said. The ark of the God of
+Israel shall not remain with us; for his hand
+is sore upon us, and upon Dagon our god.
+
+8 And they sent and gathered together all
+the lords of the Philistines unto them, and
+said. What shall we do with the ark of the
+God of Israel? And they answered, Let the
+ark of the God of Israel be removed unto
+Gath. And they removed the ark of the
+God of Israel thither.
+
+9 And it happened, after they had re-
+moved it, that the hand of the I.,ord was
+against the city with a very great confusion ;
+and he smote the men of the city, Ijoth small
+and great, and they had hemorrhoids in their
+secret parts.
+
+10 And they sent away the ark of God
+to 'Eki'on. And it came to i)ass, as the ark
+of God came to 'Ekron, that the 'Ekronites
+cried out, saying. They have removed to us°
+the ark of the God of Israel, to slay us and
+our people.
+
+11 So they sent and gathered together all
+the lords of the Philistines, and said. Send
+away the ark of the God of Israel, that it may
+return to its own place, so that it may not
+
+
+"'Heb.Me, to slay me and my people."- — This construc-
+tion, moreover, occurs frequently to represent na'tions as
+iudividuals; altli-uigh the plural is meant.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL V. VI.
+
+
+slay us, and our people ; for there was a con-
+fusion of death throughout all the city; tlie
+hand of God was very heavy there.
+
+12 And the people that did not die were
+smitten with the hemorrhoids; and the la-
+mentation of the city went up to heaven.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^[ And the ark of the Lord ^vas in the
+fields of the Pliilistines seven months.
+
+2 And the Philistines called for the priests
+and the diviners, saying, What shall we do
+with the ark of the Lord? let us know
+wherewith we shall send oft' it to its place.
+
+3 And they said, If }e send away the ark
+of the God of Israel, send it not away empty;
+l)ut ye must to a certainty return him'' a tres-
+pass-offering: then will ye be healed, and it
+will be known to you why his hand is not re-
+moved from you.
+
+4 And they said, What shall be the tres-
+pass-offering that we shall return to him ?
+And they answered, According to the number
+of the lords of the Philistines, five golden
+hemorrhoids, and five golden mice ;'' for one
+plague affected them all, and your lords.
+
+5 Therefore make images of your hemor-
+rhoids, and images of your mice that devastate
+the land;'^ and give glory unto the God of
+Israel : perhaps he will lighten his hand from
+off" you, and from off" your gods, and from off"
+3'our land.
+
+6 And why will ye harden your heart,
+just as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened
+their heart? Did not they, when he had
+Avrought wonderful deeds among them, dis-
+miss them, and they departed ?
+
+7 And now make a new wagon, and take
+two milch-cows, on which there hatli come
+no yoke, and harness the cows to the wagon,
+and bring their calves home away from them :
+
+8 And take the ark of the Lord, and place
+it into the wagon; and the articles of gold,
+which ye return him as a trespass-offering. 3-e
+must put in a casket alongside of it; and then
+send it away, that it may go.
+
+
+* i. e. The God of Israel. Sachs and others, " it," re-
+ferring to the ark.
+
+'' Probably this was the plague of field-mice, which
+destroyed the crops. But Philippson, after Abarbanel,
+supposes that it means a local disease, called " mouise,"
+as now "cancer," denotes a peculiar malady.
+
+■^ It was customary for the ancient heathen to oflcr to
+
+
+9 And then see, if it go up by the way to
+its own boundary, to Beth-shemesh, then hath
+he done us this great evil; but if not, then
+shall we know that not his hand hath smitten
+us; it is a chance which hath happened to us.
+
+10 And the men did so; and they took two
+milch-cows, and harnessed them to the wagon,
+and their calves they shut up at home:
+
+11 And they jjlaced the ark of the Lord in
+the wagon, and the casket with the mice of
+gold and images of their hemorrhoids.
+
+12 And the cows went straight forward on
+the way on the road to Beth-shemesh: on one
+high-way they did go along, lowing as they
+went, and turned not aside to the right or to
+the left; and the lords of the Philistines went
+after them as for as the border of Beth-she-
+mesh.
+
+13 And they of Beth-shemesh were reaping
+their wheat-harvest in the valley ; and when
+they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark,
+they rejoiced to see it.
+
+14 And the wagon came to the field of
+Joshua, the Beth-shemite, and stood still
+there; and there was a great stdne; and they
+split the wood of the wagon, and the cows
+they offered as a burnt-offering unto the
+Lord.
+
+15 And the Levites took down the ark of
+the Lord, and the casket that was with it,
+wherein were the articles of gold, and jjut
+them on tlie great stone; and the men of Beth-
+shemesh offered burnt-oftl'rings and sacrificed
+sacrifices on the same day unto the Lord.
+
+16 And when the five lords of the Philis-
+tines had seen it, they returned to 'Ekron on
+the same day.
+
+17 Tl And these are the golden hemor-
+rhoids which the Philistines returned as a
+trespass-offering unto the Lord: For Ashdod
+one, for Gazzali one, for Ashkelon one, for
+Gath one, for 'Ekron one.
+
+18 ^ And the golden mice were according
+to the niunber of all the cities of the Philis-
+tines under the five lords, from the fortified
+city, down to the open village, even unto the
+
+their gods such monuments of their deliverance as repre-
+sented the evils from which they had been rescued ;
+and Tavernier (Travels, p. 9'2) informs us, that among
+the Indians, when a pilgrim goes to one of the pagodas
+f(ira cure, he brings the figure of the meuiber affected,
+made of gold, silver, or copper, according to his cin-um-
+
+stauces, which he ofl'ers to his god.
+
+321
+
+
+1 SAMUEL VI. VII.
+
+
+great stone" whereon they hud set down the
+ark of the Lord, and which is unto this day
+in the field of Joshua, the Beth-shemite.
+
+19 And he smote among the men of Beth-
+shemesh, because they had looked into the
+ark of the Lord, namely, he smote among the
+people seventy men and fifty thousand men:**
+and the people mourned because the Lord had
+caused among the people a greats slaughter.
+
+20 And the men of Beth-shemesh said,
+Who is able to stand before the Lord, this
+holy God? and to Avhom shall it go up away
+from us ?
+
+21 And they sent messengers to the inha-
+bitants of Kiryath-ye'arim, saying, The Philis-
+tines have brought back the ark of the Lord :
+come ye down, and fetch it up to you.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 And the men of Kiryath-ye'arim came,
+and fetched up the ark of the Lord, and
+brought it unto the house of Al)inadab on the
+hill, and Elazar his son they sanctified to
+"•uard the ark of the Lord.
+
+2 *\\ And it came to pass, from the time
+the ark remained in Kirj-ath-ye'arim, and the
+time was long, and it was twenty years: that
+all the house of Israel followed anxiously after
+the Lord.
+
+3 And Samuel said unto all the house of
+Israel, as followeth. If with all your heai't ye
+do return unto the Lord, then put away the
+gods of the stranger and the 'Ashtarotli from
+your midst, and direct your heart unto the
+Lord, and serve him alone : and then will he
+deliver you out of the hand of the Philis-
+tines.
+
+4 Then did the children of Israel put
+away the Be'alim and the 'Ashtaroth, and
+served the Lord alone.
+
+5 *[] And Sanuiel said, Assemble all Israel
+together at Mizpah, and I will pray in your
+behalf unto the Lord.
+
+G And they assembled themselves together
+at Mizpali, and drew water, and poured it
+out before the Lord, and fasted on that day,
+and said there, We have sinned against the
+
+
+° After JoiKitluin, taldug Sax Ahrl for ps Ebeii.
+
+' As Beth-Shomcsh was a small place, it is supposed
+
+that the seventy died of thcni, and the fifty thousand
+
+from all Israel. Perhaps it might be translated, " seventy
+
+among fifty thousand," /. c. of the crowd of that amount
+
+322
+
+
+Lord. And Samuel judged the children of
+Israel in Mizpah.
+
+7 And when the Philistines heard that the
+children of Israel had assembled themselves
+at Mizpah, the lords of the Philistines went
+up against Israel. And when the children
+of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the
+Philistines.
+
+8 And tlie children of Israel said to
+Samuel, Do not abstain," so as not to cry for us
+unto the Lord our God, that he may help us
+out of the hand of the Philistines.
+
+9 And Samuel took one sucking lamb, and
+oflered it for an entire burnt-oft'ering unto the
+Lord: and Samuel cried unto the Lord in be-
+half of Israel ; and the Lord answered him.
+
+10 And as Samuel was ofiering up the
+burnt^ofi'ering, the Philistines drew near to
+battle against Israel ; but the Lord thundered
+Avith a loud noise on that day over the Philis-
+tines, and brought them into confusion, and
+they were smitten before Israel.
+
+11 And the men of Israel went out of Miz-
+pah, and pursued the Philistines, and smote
+them, as far as below Beth-car.
+
+12 And Samuel took one stone, and set it
+between Mizpah and Shen, and called its
+name Eben-ha'ezer,'* saying. As far as this
+hath the Lord helped us.
+
+13 So were the Philistines hiunbled, and
+they came no more into the territory of
+Israel ; and the hand of the Lord was against
+the Philistines all the days of Sanuiel.''
+
+14 And the cities which the Philistines
+had taken from Israel came again to Israel,
+from 'Ekron even unto Gatli, and their terri-
+tory did Israel deliver out of the hand of the
+Philistines. And there was peace between
+Israel and the Emorites.
+
+15 And Samuel judged Israel all the days
+of his life.
+
+IG And he went from year to year and
+travelled in circuit to Beth-el, and Gilgal, and
+Mizpah, and judged Israel in all these places.
+
+17 And his return was to Eamali; for there
+was his house; and there he judged Israel:
+and he built there an altar unto the Lord.
+
+
+who were present. The last is an hypothesis of Ilerx-
+heimer, after Josephus.
+
+° Heb. "Be not silent from us from crying."
+
+■' /. c. The stone of help.
+
+* i. e. While he himself held actively the reins of go
+vorumout.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL VIII. IX.
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pasa, when Samuel
+was old, that he appointed his sons judges
+over Israel.
+
+2 And the name of his first-born was
+Joel;" and the name of his second Abiyah:
+they judged in Beer-sheba'.
+
+o I3ut his sons Avalked not in his wa}^,
+and they inclined after their own advantage,
+and took jjribes. and perverted justice.
+
+4 *|| Then did all the elders of Israel as-
+semble themselves together, and came to
+Samuel unto Eamah,
+
+5 And said unto him, Behold, thou art old,
+and thy sons have not walked in thy ways :
+now apixiint for us a king to judge us like all
+the nations.
+
+G But the thing was displeasing in the
+eyes of Samuel, when they said, Give us a
+king to judge us. And Samuel j^ra^ed unto
+the Lord.
+
+7 Tl And the Lord said unto Samuel,
+Hearken unto the voice of the people in all
+that they may say unto thee; for not thee
+have they rejected, but me have the}' rejected,
+that I should not reign over them.
+
+8 In accordance with all the deeds which
+they have done since the day that I brought
+them up out of Egypt even until this day,
+when they forsook me, and served other gods:
+so do they also unto thee.
+
+9 And now hearken unto tlieir voice;
+nevertheless thou must still solennily fore-
+warn them, and tell them the manner'' of the
+king that will reign over them.
+
+10 T[ And Samuel said all the words of
+the Lord unto the people that had asked of
+him a kin"'.
+
+11 ^ And he said, This will be the man-
+ner of the king that will reign over you : Your
+sons will he take, and appoint them for himself
+with his chariots, and among his horsemen;
+and they will have to run before his chariot;
+
+12 And to appoint ibr himself captains
+over thousands, and captains over fifties ; and
+to plough his ground, and to reap his harvest,
+and to nuike his instruments of war, and
+the instruments of his chariots.
+
+
+" Correctly, Yoef.
+
+' " Eight," or " privilege."— Repak.
+° Lit. " in." But it means, as iu verse 8, that Samuel
+said all this again in prayer.
+
+
+13 And your daughters will he take for oint-
+ment makers, and for cooks, and for Itakers.
+
+14 And your fields, and your vineyards,
+and your olive-yards, yea the best, will he
+take, and give them to his servants.
+
+15 And of your seeds, and of your vine-
+yards will he take the tenth, and give (the
+same) to his officers, and to his servants.
+
+IG And your men-servants, and your maid-
+servants, and your best ^oung men, and your
+asses will he take, and employ (them) for liis
+work.
+
+17 Of your flocks will he take the tenth:
+and ye yourselves will Ijecome his servants.
+
+IS And ye will cry out on that day because
+of your king whom ye will have chosen for
+yourselves; but the Lord will not answer you
+on that day.
+
+19 Nevertheless the people refused to listen
+to the voice of Samuel ; and they said. No ;
+but a king shall be over us;
+
+20 That we also may ourselves be like all
+the nations; and that our king may judge us,
+and go out before us, and fight our battles.
+
+21 And Samuel heard all the words of the
+people, and he spoke tliem before'' the ears of
+the Lord.
+
+22 ^ And the Lord said to Samuel.
+Hearken unto their voice, and apjioint them
+a king. And Samuel said unto the men of
+Israel, Go ye every man unto his city.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ Now there was a man of Benjamin,
+whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the
+son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son
+of Aphiach, the son of a Benjamite, a mighty
+man of valour.
+
+2 And he had a son whose name was
+Saiil,'' young" and handsome; and there Avas
+not a man amom;' the children of Israel hand-
+somer than he : from his shoulders and up-
+ward he was taller than any of the people.
+
+3 And there were lost the asses belonging
+to Kish, Saiil's father; and Kish said to Saiil
+his son. Do take with thee one of the ser-
+vants, and arise, go seek the asses.
+
+4 And he passed through the mountain of
+Ephraim, and passed through the land of Sha-
+
+
+* Correctly, " Shahiil."
+
+• Philippson, "Distinguished and amial
+amiable."
+
+
+823
+
+
+1 SAMUEL IX.
+
+
+lisha, but they found (them) not; then they
+passed through the land of Sha'alim, and there
+was nothing there; and he passed through
+the land of Benjamin, but they found them
+not.
+
+5 When they were come in the land of
+Zuph, Saiil said to his servant that was with
+him, Come, and let us return ; lest my father
+relinquish the care for tlie asses, and become
+anxious for us.
+
+6 And the otlier said unto him, Behold
+now, a man of God is in this city, and the
+man is honoured; all that he ever saith will
+surely come to pass: now let us go thither;
+perhaps he can tell us our way that we should
+go.
+
+7 Then said Saiil to his servant. But, be-
+hold, if we should go, what shall we bring
+to the man? for the bread is spent out of
+our vessels, and there is not a present* to
+bring to the man of God: what have we
+with us?
+
+8 And the servant answered Saul again,
+and said. Behold, I have'' here in my hand
+the fourth part of a shekel of silver; and I
+will give this to the man of God, that he may
+tell us our way.
+
+9 In former times it was custom in Israel,
+that when a man went to inquire of God, he
+said thus. Come, and let us go as far as the
+seer; for the Prophet of the present day was
+in former times called a Seer.
+
+10 Then said Saiil to his servant. Thy
+word is good : come, let us go. So they went
+unto the city where the man of God was.
+
+11 As they went up the ascent to the city,
+they found some maidens going out to draw
+water; and they said unto them. Is the seer
+here ?
+
+12 And they answered them, and said.
+He is; behold, he is before you: malve haste
+now, for this day came he to the city; be-
+cause the people have a sacrifice to-day on
+the high-])ln-ce ;
+
+13 As soon as ye are come into the city, ye
+will straightway find him, bei'ore yet he can
+go up to the high-place to eat; for the people
+will not eat until he be come, because he al-
+ways blesseth the sacrifice; afterward eat
+
+
+' We are not to suppo.se from tiiis tliiit the prophets
+tcKik money to predict future events: Saiil only refers
+to an invariable eus((]ni, llia( no man approached a supe-
+■S2i
+
+
+those that are invited; and now go you up;
+for just to-day will ye surely find him.
+
+14 And they went up into the city. They
+were entering into the city, when, behold,
+Samuel came out toward them, to go ujj to
+the high- pi ace.
+
+15 ^[ And the Loed had revealed to Sa-
+muel's ear one day before Saiil's coming, say-
+mo*
+
+16 About this time to-morrow will I send
+unto thee a man out of the land of Benjamin,
+and thou shalt anoint him as chief over my
+people Israel, that he may save my people
+out of the hand of the Philistines; for 1 have
+beheld my people, because their cry is come
+unto me.
+
+17 And when Samuel saw Saiil, the Lord
+addressed him. Behold the man of whom I
+spoke to thee. This one shall rule over my
+people.
+
+18 And Saiil drew near to Samuel within
+the gate, and said. Tell me, I pray thee,
+where is the house of the seer.
+
+19 And Samuel answered Saiil, and said.
+I am the seer: go up before meunto the high-
+place, and ye shall eat with me to-day; and
+I will let thee go in the morning, and all that
+is in thy heart will I tell thee.
+
+20 And as for thy asses that were lost unto
+thee this day three days ago, do not set thy
+heart on them; for they have been found.
+And to whom belongeth all that is desirable
+in Israel? Is it not to thee, and to all thy
+father's house?
+
+21 And Saiil answered and said. Am not I
+a son of Benjamin, of one of the smallest
+tribes of Israel? and (is not) my family the
+least of all the fiimilies of the tribes of Benja-
+min? wherefore then hast thou spoken to me
+such a thing?
+
+22 And Samuel took Saiil and his servant,
+and brought them into the apartment; and he
+assigned them a place at the head of the in-
+vited guests, who were about thirty persons.
+
+23 And Samuel said unto the cook. Hand
+here the portion which I gave thee, of which I
+said unto thee. Put it away by thee.
+
+24 And the cook took up the shoulder,
+and that which was on it, and set it before
+
+
+rior without some present or another, however small in
+value
+
+' Heb. '■ there i.'^ fnuiK.l in my liaml."
+
+
+1 SAMUEL IX. X.
+
+
+Saiil : and he gaiil. Behold what is k-l't ! set it
+het'oro thee, and eat; for unto this time hath
+it been kept from thee, since I said, I have in-
+vited the people. And Saiil ate witli Samuel
+on that day.
+
+25 And they went down from tlie high-
+place into the city, and he spoke with Saiil
+ujion the roof.
+
+2G And they got up earlv; and it came to
+pass Avhen the morning-dawn arose, tliat Sa-
+muel called Saiil to the roof, saying. Up, that
+I may send thee awaj'. And Saiil arose, and
+they went out, both of them, he and Samuel,
+into the street.
+
+27 As they were going down to the end
+of the city, Samuel said to Saiil, Say to the
+servant that he pass on before us, — and he
+passed on, — but thou remain standing a while,
+and I will let thee hear the word of God.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ And Samuel took a flask of oil, and
+poured it upon his head, and kissed him,
+and said. Behold, it is because the Lord hath
+anointed thee over his inheritance as chief
+
+2 When thou goest this day away from
+me, thou wilt find two men who are now"
+by Rachel's sepulchre, on the boundary of
+Benjamin at Zelzach; and they will say unto
+thee, The a,sses which thou wentest to seek
+are found : and, lo, thy father hath given up
+the matter of the asses, and is anxious for
+you, saying, What shall I do for my son ?
+
+3 Then shalt thou go on forward from
+there, and thou shalt come as far as the grove
+of Tabor, and there shall meet thee three men
+going up to God to Beth-el, one carrying three
+kids, and another carrying three loaves of
+bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine :
+
+4 And they will ask thee after thy welfare,
+and give thee two loaves of bread, which
+thou must take from their hand.
+
+5 After that shalt thou come to the hill of
+God,'' where the outposts of the Philistines
+are; and it shall come to pass, when thou art
+come thither to the city, that thou wilt meet
+
+
+» After Rasbi.
+
+'' The hill by Kiryath-ye'arim, where the ark was. —
+Rash I.
+
+° " A company of scholars." — Jonathan Evidently
+those belonging to the schools of the prophets, who were
+probably taught religion, poetry, and music.
+
+''"And they are praising." — Jonathan. Meaning.
+
+
+a company of prophets" coming down from
+the high-iihice. having before them a psaltery,
+and a tandiourine, and a pipe, and a harp;
+and they will be prophesying;''
+
+6 And the Spirit of the Lord will suddenly
+come over thee, and thou shalt prophesy with
+them, and thou shalt be changed into another
+man.
+
+7 And it shall be, that, when these signs
+are come unto thee, then do thou what thy
+hand may be able to eflect; for God is with
+thee.
+
+8 And thou shalt go down before me to Gil-
+gal; and, behold, I will come down unto thee,
+to offer burnt-offerings, (and) to sacrifice sacri-
+fices of peace-offerings : seven days .shalt thou
+tarry, till I come to thee, and then will I tell
+thee what thou shalt do.
+
+9 And it happened, that, as he turned his
+back to go away from Samuel, God changed
+his heart into another; and all these signs
+came to pass on that same day.
+
+10 Tl And when they came thither to the
+hill, behold, a company of prophets met him ;
+and the Spirit of God came suddenly over
+him, and he prophesied in the midst of them.
+
+11 And it came to pas.s, when all that
+knew him before" saw, that, behold, he pro-
+phesied with the prophets, then said the
+people one to another. What is this that hath
+happened to the son of Kish? is Saiil also
+among the prophets?
+
+12 And one of that place answered and
+said, And who is their father?^ Therefore it
+became a proverb. Is Saiil also among the
+prophets ?
+
+13 And when he had made an end of pro-
+phesying, he came to the high-place.
+
+14 And Saiil's uncle said unto him and to
+his servant, Whither were ye gone? And he
+said. To seek the asses; and when we saw
+that they were nowhere, v/e went to Samuel.
+
+15 And Saiil's uncle said. Do tell me, I
+pray thee, Avhat did Samuel say unto you.
+
+16 And Saiil said unto his uncle, lie told
+us plainly that the asses had been found.
+
+
+not literally predicting, but engaged in singing the praises
+of God.
+
+° Lit. "yesterday, the day before yesterday."
+' Jonathan, "Who is their teacher?" referring to the
+prophets; meaning, prophecy is no inheritance, but a gift
+of God ; why then do you wonder that the son of Kish pro-
+phesies also?
+
+3:^5
+
+
+1 SAMUEL X. XI.
+
+
+But of the matter of the kingdom, whereof
+Samuel had spoken, he told liira not.
+
+17 ^[ And Samuel called the people to-
+gether unto tlie Lord to Mizpah;
+
+18 And he said unto the children of Israel,
+Thus hath said the Lord the God of Israel,
+I brought up Israel for Egypt, and delivered
+you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and
+out of the hand of all the kingdoms that op-
+pressed you ;
+
+19 And ye for your part have this day re-
+jected your God, he who hath saved you out
+of all your misfortunes and your tribulations;
+and ye have said unto him, Nevertheless, thou
+must set a king over us: and now present
+yourselves before the Lord according to your
+tribes, and according to your thousands.
+
+20 And Sanmel caused all the tribes of
+Israel to come near; and the tribe of Benja-
+min was seized.
+
+21 And he caused the tribe of Benjamin to
+come near according to its families, and the
+family of Matri was seized, and then was seized
+Saiil the son of Kish : and they sought him,
+but he could not be found.
+
+22 And they inquired again of the Lord,
+Is tlie man yet come hither?"
+
+][ And the Lord said, Behold, he hath hid-
+den himself among tlie vessels.''
+
+23 And they ran and fetched him thence,
+and he placed himself erect in the midst of the
+people, and he was higher tluui any of the
+people from his shoulders and upward.
+
+24 And Samuel said to all the people,
+Have ye seen him whom the Lord hath made
+choice of, that there is none like him aniong all
+the people ? And all the people shouted, and
+said, Long live the king.
+
+25 ^] Then did Sanuiel speak to the people
+the rights of the kingdom, and wrote it in a
+book, and laid it down before the Lord. And
+Samuel sent away all the people, every man
+to his house.
+
+26 And Saiil also went to his home to
+(lib'ali; and there went with him a lariie
+crowd, whose heart God had touched.
+
+27 But the worthless men said, In what
+can this one help us? And they despised
+him, and brought him no present. But he
+acted as though he were deaf
+
+
+' After Redak, as though it were ty'sn- Others, "Is yet
+another man comi' hither ?"
+
+S20
+
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+
+1 ^ Then came up Nachash the 'Ammonite,
+and encamped against Yabesh-girad : and
+all the men of Yabesh said unto Nachash,
+Make a covenant with us, and we will serve
+thee.
+
+2 And Nachash the 'Ammonite said unto
+them. On this condition will I make it with
+you, that ye all have jJut out the right eye,
+that I may lay it as a reproach upon all Israel.
+
+3 And the elders of Yabesh said unto him,
+Grant us seven days respite, that we inay
+send messengers throughout all the. boundary
+of Israel : and then, if there be none to save
+us, will we come out to thee.
+
+4 And the messengers came to Gib' ah of
+Saiil, and spoke the words in the ears of the
+people ; and all the people lifted up their
+\'oice, and w^ept.
+
+5 And, behold, Saiil was coming after the
+herds out of the field; and Saiil said, What
+aileth the people that they weep? And they
+told him the words of the men of Yabesh.
+
+6 And the Spirit of God came suddenly
+over Saiil when he heard these words, and his
+anger was kindled greatly.
+
+7 And he took a yoke of oxen, and cut
+them in pieces, and sent them about through-
+out all the boundary of Israel by the hand of
+the messengers, saying, Whosoever goeth not
+forth after Saiil and after Samuel, shall have
+his herds thus treated. And the dread of the
+Lord fell on the people, and they went out
+as one man.
+
+8 And he numbered them in Bezek; and
+the children of Israel were three hundred
+thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thou-
+sand.
+
+9 And they said unto the messengers that
+were come, Thus shall ye say unto the men of
+Yabesh-gilad, To-morrow shall ye have help,
+when the sun shineth hot. And the messen-
+gers came and told it to the men of Yabesh :
+and these were glad.
+
+10 And the men of Yabesh said," To-mor-
+row will we go out unto you, and ye can do
+unto us in accordance with all that seemeth
+good in your eyes.
+
+11 ^ And it happened on the morrow,
+
+
+'■ 1. e. The baggage of the assomhly.
+
+' Meaning, they sent word to tlic 'Animonitcfl.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XI. Xli.
+
+
+that Saiil put the people in throe companies;
+1111(1 they caine into the midst of the camp in
+the morning watch, and thej smote the 'Am-
+monites until the heat of the day : and it came
+to pass, that those that remained were seat^
+tered, and no two among them were left to-
+gether.
+
+12 And the people said unto Samuel, Who
+is there that saith. Shall Saul reign over us ?
+give up the men, and we will put them to
+death.
+
+13 And Saiil said, There shall not a man
+be put to death on this day; for to-day the
+Lo?JD liath wrought deliverance" in Israel.
+
+14 ^[ And Samuel said to the people. Come
+and let us go to Gilgal, and renew there the
+choice'' of the king.
+
+15 And all the people went to Gilgal; and
+they appointed there Saiil as king before the
+Lord in Gilgal; and they sacrificed there sacri-
+fices of peace-ofterings before tlie Lord; and
+Saiil with all the men of Israel rejoiced there
+very greatly.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ^ And Samuel said unto all Israel, Be-
+hold, I have hearkened unto your voice in all
+that ye said unto me, and I have set a king
+over you.
+
+2 And now, behold, the king is walking
+before you; and I am old and gray-headed;
+and my sons, behold, they are with you ; and
+I have walked before 30U from my youth
+even until this day.
+
+3 Behold, here am I ; testily against me in
+the presence of the Lord, and in the presence
+of his anointed : Whose ox have I taken ? or
+whose ass have I taken ? or whom have I de-
+trauded ? whom have I oppressed ? or from
+wdiose hand have I received any ransom so
+that I withdrew my eyes from him? and I
+will restore it you.
+
+4 And they said. Thou hast not defrauded
+us, nor hast thou oppressed us, and thou hast
+not taken from any man's liand the least.
+
+5 And he said unto them. The Lord is
+
+• Zunz, " Victory."
+
+'■ After Sachs. Rashi agrees with this, in commentiiig,
+"Because at first some objected, but now all were satis-
+fied." Others render, "the kingdom."
+
+° According to Jonathan's version, who supplies between
+nDi" and niyo the word x'73, thus, riBfOT XT Sj? pu: ^^;^^.
+Others render, " who appointed Mo.ses and Aaron."
+
+
+witness a,gainst you, and his anointed is wit-
+ness this (lay, that ye have not found in
+my hand the least: and they answered. He is
+witness.
+
+6 And Samuel said unto the people. It is
+the Lord who did" (wonders through) Moses
+and Aaron, and who brought your fathers up
+out of the land of P^gypt.
+
+7 And now stand up, that I may hold
+judgment with you before the Lord concern-
+ing all the benefits of the Lord, which he
+hath done to you and to ^our fathers.
+
+8 When Jacob was come into Egypt, then
+did your fiithers cry unto the Lord, and the
+Lord sent Moses and Aaron, and they brought
+forth your fathers out of Egypt, and caused
+them to dwell in this place.
+
+9 And when they forgot the Lord their
+God, he sold them into the hand of Sissera,
+the chief of the host of Chazor, and into the
+hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of
+the king of Moab, and they made war against
+them.
+
+10 And they cried (then) unto the Lord,
+and said. We have sinned, because we have
+forsaken the Lord, and have served tlie Be-
+'alim and the 'Ashtaroth; and now deliver us
+out of the hand of our enemies, and we will
+serve thee.
+
+11 And the Lord sent Yerubba'al, and
+Bedan,* and Yiphthach, and Samuel, and he
+delivered you out of the hand of your enemies
+on every side, so tliat ye dwelt salelj.
+
+12 But when ye saw that Nachash the
+king of the children of 'Amnion came against
+you, ye said unto me. No; but a king shall
+reign over ns : when the Lord your God is
+vour kinir.
+
+18 And now here is the king wdiom ^e
+have chosen, whom ye have asked for! and,
+beh(jld, the Lord hath set over j-ou a king.
+
+14 If ye will fear the Lord, and serve him,
+and obey his voice, and will not rebel against
+the will" of the Lord: then'' shall both ye
+and also the king that reiuneth over you con-
+tinue following the Lord your God.
+
+^ Samson, or " son of Dan."
+° Lit. "mouth," elsewhere given with "order."
+' Both Sachs and Arnheim view this part of the verse
+as a continuation of the condition, and render, " Anil if
+both ye and also the king that reigneth over you, follow
+the Lord your God," — the consequcuce is then under-
+stood, meaning, " then will you be blessed."
+
+Z-27
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XII. XIII.
+
+
+15 But if ye will not hearken to the voice
+of the Lord, and rebel against the will of the
+Lord: then will the hand of the Lord be
+against you, as it was against your flxthers.
+
+16 Also now stand up and see this great
+thing, which the Lord is about doino; before
+your eyes.
+
+17 Is it not wheat-harvest' to-day? I will
+call unto the Lord, and he will send thunders
+and rain ; and ye will (thus) perceive and see
+that your wickedness is great, which ye have
+done, in the eyes of the Lord, to ask for your-
+selves a king.
+
+18 And Samuel called unto the Lord; and
+the Lord sent thunders and rain on that day :
+and all the people feared greatly the Lord
+and Samuel.
+
+19 And all the people said unto Samuel,
+Pray in behalf of thy servants unto the Lord
+thy God, that we may not die; for we have
+added unto all our sins yet this evil, to ask
+for oui'selves a king.
+
+20 And Samuel said unto the people. Fear
+not; ye have indeed done all this evil: yet
+turn not aside from following the Lord, and
+serve ye the Lord with all your heart ;
+
+21 And turn ye not aside; for then would
+ye go after vain things, which cannot profit
+nor deliver; because they are vain.
+
+22 For the Lord will not forsake his people
+for the sake of his gi'eat name ; because it
+hath pleased the Lord to make you a peoj^Ie
+unto himself
+
+23 Moreover as for me, far be it from me
+that I should sin against the Lord by ceasing
+to pray in behalf of you ; but I will teach you
+the good and the right way :
+
+21 Only fear the Lord, and serve him in
+truth with all your heart; for see what great
+things he hath done with you.
+
+25 But if ye will in any wise do wickedly,
+both ye yourselves as also your king shall
+peri.sh.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ^ When Saul had reigned one year, —
+and two*" years he reigned over Israel, —
+
+
+' A period when rain is uncommon in Palestine.
+
+'' Rabbi Isaiah, in his commeutary, makes the two years
+mentioncJ here as those antecedent to the anointing of
+David; as, in point of fact, Saiil must have reigned longer.
+
+° Correctly, Yi)niilltan, or Ychonalhin.
+
+' Others, "garrison."
+
+
+2 Said chose for hi mself three thousand men
+out of Israel ; and there were with Saiil two
+thousand in Michmash and on the mountain of
+Beth-el, and a thousand were with Jonathan"
+in Gib'ah of Benjamin: and the rest of the
+people he sent away every man to his tents.
+
+3 And Jonathan smote the outpost* of the
+Philistines that was at Geba', and the Philis-
+tines heard of it. And Saiil Ijlew the cornet
+throughout all the land, saying, Let the He-
+brews hear it.
+
+4 And all Israel heard it, saying, Saiil hath
+smitten the outpost of the Philistines, and the
+Israelites also have put themselves in ill-favour
+with the Philistines. And the people were
+called together after Saiil to Gilgal.
+
+5 And the Philistines gathered themselves
+together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand
+chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and
+people as the sand which is on the sea-shore
+in multitude; and they came \\\}, and en-
+camped in Michmash, eastward from Beth-
+aven.
+
+6 And when the men of Israel saw that
+they Avere in a strait, (for the people were
+oppressed,) then did the people hide themselves
+in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and
+in strong-holds, and in pits.
+
+7 And some of the Hebrews passed over
+the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gil'ad.
+As for Saiil, he was still in Gilgal, and all the
+people followed him hastily."
+
+8 And he tarried seven days, according to
+the set time that SamueF had appointed ; but
+Samuel came not to Gilgal; and the people
+were scattering themselves from him.
+
+9 And Saiil said. Bring hither to me tlie
+jjurnt-oftering and the peace-offerings. And
+he offered the burnt^offering.
+
+10 And it came to pass, that, as soon as
+he had made an end of offering the burnt-
+offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saiil went
+out to meet him, that he might greet him.
+
+11 And Samuel said, What hast thou done?
+And Saiil said. Because I saw that the people
+were scattering themselves froni me, whereas
+thou camest not at the appointed day, and
+
+
+' Rashi. Others, "trembling," or "fearfully."
+' Philippson supposes that Samuel had made it a rule,
+independently of the order above, x. 8, for Saiil to wait
+with public sacrifices at Gilgal, where the taberniicle w.is
+probably at that time, till his arrival, which might rc<ju!re
+.some days from the time he was bidden.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XIII. XIV.
+
+
+the Philistines are gathering themselves to-
+gether at Michmash;
+
+12 And I said, The Philistines will now
+come down unto me to Gilgal, and I have not
+yet made supplication unto the Lord : where-
+fore I forced myself, and offered the burnt-
+offering.
+
+13 And Samuel said to Saiil, Thou hast
+done foolishly : thou hast not kept the com-
+mandment of the Lord thy God, which he
+had commanded thee; for now would the
+Lord have established thy government over
+Israel for ever.
+
+14 But now thy government shall not en-
+dure : the Lord hath sought out for himself a
+man alter his own heart, and the Lord hath
+ordained him to be chief over his people; be-
+cause thou hast not kept what the Lord had
+commanded thee.
+
+15 ^[ And Samuel arose, and went up from
+Gilgal unto Gib' ah of Benjamin. And Saiil
+numbered the people that were to be found
+with him, about six hundred men.
+
+16 And Saiil, and Jonathan his son, and
+the people that were to be found with them,
+were lying in Geba' of Benjamin; but the
+Philistines were encamped in Michmash.
+
+17 And the troop of freebooters went out
+of the camp of the Philistines in three com-
+panies: one company turned into the way to
+'Ophrah, unto the land of Shu'al;
+
+18 And another company turned into the
+w^ay to Beth-ohoron; and the other company
+turned into the way to the frontier that look-
+eth over the valley of Zebo'im toward the
+wilderness.
+
+19 ^ Now there was no smith to be found
+throughout all the land of Israel; for the
+Philistines said, So that the Hebrews shall
+not make tliemselves swords or spears.
+
+20 But all the Israelites went down to the
+Philistines, to sharpen every man his plough-
+share, and his coulter," and his axe, and his
+mattock.
+
+21 And they used a file'' for the mattocks,
+and for the coulters, and for three-pronged
+forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the
+goads.
+
+22 So it came to pass on the day of battle,
+
+
+' Pliilippson, "plough-share, scythe, axe, aud sickle."
+' Philippson, "namely, when the edge was dull ou the
+ugric-ultural implements, or on the scythes," &c., taking
+
+2R
+
+
+that there was neither sword nor spear found
+in the hand of any of the people that were
+with Saiil and Jonathan; but they were found
+with Saiil and with Jonathan his son.
+
+23 And the outpost of the Philistines went
+out to the pass of Michmash.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 T[ Now it liappened one day, that Jona-
+than the son of Saiil said unto the young
+man that bore his armour. Come, and let us
+go over to the Philistines' outpost, that is on
+the other side yonder. But unto his lather
+he told nothing.
+
+2 And Saiil tarried in the lower part of
+Gib'ali under the pomegranate-tree which is
+by Migron: and the people that were with
+him were about six hundred men.
+
+3 And Achiyah, the son of Achitub, the
+brother of I-chabod, the sou of Phinehas, the
+son of 'Eli, the priest of the Lord in Shiloh,
+wore the ephod. And the people knew not
+that Jonathan was gone.
+
+4 And between the passes, by which Jona-
+than sought to go over unto the outpost of
+the Philistines, there was a sharp point of
+rock on the one side, and a sharp point of
+rock on the other side : and the name of the
+one was Bozez, and the name of the other
+Seneh.
+
+5 The one point rose up abruptly north-
+ward opposite Michmash, and the other south-
+ward opposite Geba'.
+
+6 And Jonathan said to the young man
+that bore his armour. Come, and let us go
+over unto the outpost of these uncircumcised :
+it may be that the Lord will work for us; for
+there is no restraint to the Lord to save by
+means of many or by means of few.
+
+7 And his armour-bearer said unto him.
+Do all that is in thy heart: turn thee; be-
+hold, I am with thee according to thy heart.
+
+8 Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will
+pass over unto these men, and we will show
+ourselves unto them.
+
+9 If they say thus unto us. Stand still
+until we come to you: then will we remain
+standing in our places, and will not go up unto
+them.
+
+
+m'i"3 as signifying "gap," "dulness," from ly-) "to
+blunt." Our version is after Kashi.
+
+329
+
+
+10 But if they say thus, Come up uuto us:
+then will we go up; for the Lord hath de-
+livered them into our hand; and this shall
+
+
+be unto us the sign.
+
+11 And when both of them showed them-
+selves unto the outpost of the Philistines,
+the Philistines .said, Behold, Hebrews are
+coming forth out of the holes wherein they
+have hidden themselves.
+
+1'2 And the men of the outpost addressed
+Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said,
+Come up to us, and Ave will let you know
+something. Then said Jonathan unto his
+armour-bearer, Come up after me; for the
+Lord hath given them up into the hand of
+Israel.
+
+10 And Jonathan then ascended upon his
+hands and upon his feet, and his armour-
+bearer after him : and they fell before Jona-
+than, and his armour-bearer was killing after
+him.
+
+11 And that tirst defeat, which Jonathan
+and his armour-bearer caused, was about
+twenty men, within about the half of a field,"
+which a yoke of oxen might plough.
+
+15 And there arose a terror in the camp,
+in the field, and among all the people; the
+outposts, and the free-booters, they also were
+terrified, and the earth quaked; and it became
+a very great terror.''
+
+16 And the watchers of Saiil in Gib'ah of
+Benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude
+))ecame scattered," and ran hither and thither.
+
+17 ]f Then said Saiil unto the people that
+were with him. Muster now, and see who is
+gone away from us. And they mustered,
+and, behold, there was neither Jonathan nor
+his armour-bearer.
+
+18 And Saiil said unto Achiyah, Bring
+hither the ark of God ; for the ark of God was
+on that day with the children of Israel.
+
+19 And it happened, while Saiil was speak-
+ing unto the priest, that the conliision which
+was in the camp of the Philistines went on and
+increased more and more :
+
+" Lit. " half a furrow of a yoke of land;" meaning,
+a small field, half as much as a pair of oxen can plough
+in a day.
+
+' Lit. "a terror of God," /. e. "a fearful panic." The
+word "God" added in Ilehrew, expresses the highest
+of the thing spoken of; thus, " the mountains of God,"
+kc.
+
+' Lit. " njclted," i. e. lost the compact order of soldiers,
+and got into disorder. DiSn is rendered by Redak as sig-
+330
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XIV.
+
+^ And Saiil said unto the priest, With-
+draw thy hand.
+
+20 And Saiil and all the people that A\ere
+with him were called together, and they came
+to the battle : and, behold, the sword of every
+man was against his fellow, the disorder being
+very great.
+
+21 And the Hebrews that were with the
+Philistines as before that time, those namely
+who had gone up with them, were in the camp
+round aljout; but these also resolved to be
+with the Israelites that were with Saiil and
+Jonathan.
+
+22 And all the men of Israel who had hid-
+den themselves on the mountain of Ephraim,
+heard that the Philistines had tied; and they
+also followed hard after them in the battle.
+
+2-3 So the Lord saved Israel that day: and
+the battle passed over unto Beth-aven.
+
+24 And the men of Israel were hard urged
+that day; and Saiil adjured the people, say-
+
+
+ing, Cursed be the man that will eat food''
+until the evening, until I have been avenged
+on ray enemies. And the whole people tasted
+thus no food.
+
+25 And (the men of) all the land came to
+a forest; and there was honey" upon the
+surface of the field.
+
+26 And when the people were come into
+the forest, behold, there was a stream of ho-
+ney; )3ut no one put his hand to his mouth;
+for the people feared the oath.
+
+27 But Jonathan had not heard his flither
+charging the people with the oath ; he there-
+fore* put forth the end of the stafi' that was in
+his hand, and dipped it in a honey-comb,'
+and carried his hand again to liis mouth ; and
+his eyes became clear.
+
+28 Then commenced one of the people,
+and said. Thy father strictly charged the peo-
+ple with an oath, saying. Cursed be the man
+that will eat food this day ; though the people
+were faint.'''
+
+29 Then said Jonathan, My father hath
+troubled the land: see, I pray you, how
+
+
+nifying "to strike;" thus, "went and struck against one
+another," or "struck one another more and more."
+
+■^ Hcb. " bread."
+
+" This was wild honey, which even now abounds in
+Judea ; and bursting from the comb runs down the hol-
+low trees, rocks, &c. Riishi, however, comments, "the
+juice of canes growing in the land of Israel."
+
+' Rashi, " the sugar-cane." Sachs, "the pure honey."
+
+8 After Redak.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XIV.
+
+
+my eyes are become clear, because I have tasted
+a little of this honey.
+
+30 How luucli more, if haply the people
+had eaten freely this day of the spoil of their
+enemies which they found ? for would there
+not ha\(' been now a greater defeat among
+the Philistines?
+
+31 And they smote on that day among the
+Philistines from Michmash to Ayalon ; and
+the people were very faint.
+
+31^ Ami the people Hew upon the spoil, and
+took sheep, and oxen, and young steers, and
+slew them on tiie ground : and the people did
+eat u[)on' the blood.
+
+33 And they told Saiil, saying. Behold, the
+people are sinning against the Lord, in eating
+upon the blood. And he (then) said, Ye
+have acted treacherously: roll (hither) unto
+me this day a gi'eat stone.
+
+34 And Saiil said, Disperse yourselves
+among tlie people, and say unto them. Bring
+near unto me every man his ox, and every
+man his lamb, and slaughter here, and eat;
+and sin not against the Lord in eating by the
+blood. And all the people brought near every
+man his ox by his hand that night, and
+slaughtered (them) there.
+
+35 And Saiil built an altar unto the Lord:
+the same was the first'' altar that he built
+unto the Lord.
+
+36 ^ And Saiil said. Let us go down after
+the Philistines by night, and spoil them until
+the morning-light, and let us not leave a man
+of them. And they said. Do whatsoever
+seemeth good in thy eyes.
+
+T[ Then said tlie priest. Let us draw near
+hither unto God.
+
+37 And Saiil asked counsel of God, Shall I
+go down after the Philistines ? wilt thou deli-
+ver them into the hand of Israel? But he
+answered him not on that day.
+
+38 And Saiil said, Draw ye near hither all
+the chief of the people: and know and see
+through what this sin hath happened this
+day.
+
+39 For, as the Lord liveth, who saveth
+
+
+° See Leviticus xix. :26. — Rashi thinks they slew the
+Jams with the young, against the hiw. Others this :
+that they i-anetified the cattle, and ate before the blood was
+sprinkled. Ralbag, that they ate on the place where the
+blood had flowed, as in our test ; but Redak, that having
+slain the cattle on the ground, the blood was not fully
+drained out, which ought to be done, as blood is prohi-
+
+
+Isx'ael, that if it be in Jonathan my son, he
+shall surely die. But no one answered him
+among all the people.
+
+40 Then said he unto all Israel, Ye shall
+be on one side, and I and Jonathan my son
+will be on the other side. And the people
+said unto Saiil, Do what seemeth good in thy
+eyes.
+
+41 And Saiil said unto the Lord, God of
+Israel, 0, show forth the perfect truth.' And
+Jonathan and Saiil were seized ; but the peo[)le
+came forth (free).
+
+42 And Saiil said. Cast the lot between me
+and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was
+seized.
+
+43 Then said Saiil to Jonathan, Do tell
+me what thou hast done. And Jonathan
+told him, and said, I did Init taste with the
+end of the staff that was in my hand a little
+honey: lo, I am willing to die.
+
+44 And Saiil said, May God do thus now,
+and in future also; for thou shalt surely die,
+Jonathan.
+
+45 And the people said unto Saiil, Shall
+Jonathan die, who hath wrought tliis great
+salvation in Israel ? This shall not be : as
+the Lord liveth, there shall not tall one hair
+of his head to the ground; for with God hath
+he wrought this day. So the people rescued
+Jonathan, and he died not.
+
+46 ^ Then went Saiil up from following
+the Philistines; and the Philistines went to
+their own place.
+
+47 So Saiil strengthened himself in the
+government over Israel; and he fought on
+every side against all his enemies, against
+Motib, and against the children of 'Amnion,
+and against Edom, and against the kings of
+Zobah, and against the Philistines : and
+whithersoever he turned himself, he caused
+terror.
+
+48 And he gathered an army,' and he
+smote the 'Amalekites, and delivered Israel
+out of the hands of those that spoiled them.
+
+49 ^ Now the sons of Saiil were Jonathan,
+and Yishvi, and Malkishua' : and the names
+
+
+bited. Hence Saiil's order, verses 3, 4. Whatever it
+was, it was an infraction of a precept of the law.
+•■ Literally, " with it he began to build an altar."
+° D'Di\ " perfect," that which is in accordance with truth.
+Rashi, " give a true lot." Others, " declare the inno-
+cent."
+
+■^ After Jonathan. Others, " he did mighty deeds."
+
+331
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XlV. XV.
+
+
+of his two (laughters — the name of the first-
+born was Meralj, and the name of the yonnger
+Mich ah
+
+50 And the name of Saul's wife was Achi-
+no'am, the daughter of Achima'az: and the
+name of the captain of his army was Abiner,
+the son of Ner, Saiil's uncle.
+
+51 And Kish the fatlier of Saiil, and Ner
+the father of Abner, were each the son of
+Abiel.
+
+52 ^ And the war against the Philistines
+was violent all the days of Saiil : and when
+Saiil saw any strong man, or any valiant
+man, he took him unto himself.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ And Samuel said unto to Saiil, Me
+did the Lord send to anoint thee as king over
+his people, over Israel ; and now hearken
+thou unto the voice of the words of the Lord.
+
+2 ][ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, I
+remember what Amalek did to Israel, how
+he lay in wait for him on the way, when he
+came up from Egypt-
+
+3 Now go and smite 'Amalek, and devote
+all that they have, and spare them not; but
+slay both man and woman, infant and suck-
+ling, ox and lamb, camel and ass.
+
+4 ^ And Saiil ordered the people to assem-
+ble, and he numbered them in Telaim," two
+hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thou-
+sand of the men of Judah.
+
+5 And Saiil came to the city of 'Amalek,
+and he fought'' in the valley.
+
+6 And Saiil said unto the Kenites, Go, de-
+part, get you down from the midst of the
+'Amalekites, lest I destroy 3'ou with them ;
+whereas ye acted kindly with all the- children
+of Israel, at their conung up out of Egypt.
+And the Kenites departed from the* midst of
+the 'Amalekites.
+
+7 And Saiil smote the 'Amalekites from
+Chavilah until thou comest to Shur, that is
+before Egypt.
+
+8 And he caught Agag the king of the
+
+' Raslii and others translate, " And he numbered them
+with laml).s," and expound, he told every one to take a
+lamb out of the king's flock, and then counted the lambs,
+because it was prohibited to count the persons of Israel.
+See Esodus x.x.k. 12. Others, however, consider Telaim as
+the name of a place, as in the text.
+
+' Rashi. Others take 3T1 for niN'l "and lay in wait."
+Abarbanel, "and he contended for the stream.''
+382
+
+
+'Amalekites alive, and all the people he de-
+voted to the edge of the sword.
+
+9 But Saiil together with the people had
+pity on Agag, and on the best of the flocks,
+and of the oxen, and of the failings, and the
+fat lambs, and all that was good, and they
+would not destroy them; but all the cattle
+that was of little value and weak, that they
+destroyed.
+
+10 ^ And the Avord of the Lord came unto
+Samuel, saying,
+
+11 I repent that I have set up Saiil as
+king ; for he hath turned back froi^j following
+me, and my word hath he not performed: and
+it displeased Samuel, and he cried unto the
+Lord all the night.
+
+12 And Samuel rose up early to meet Saiil
+in the morning ; and it was told to Samuel,
+saying, Saiil came to Carmel, and, behold, he
+set himself up a monument, and then v/ent
+about, and passed on, and went down to
+Gilgal.
+
+13 And Samuel came to Saiil; and Saiil
+said unto him. Blessed be thou unto the Lord.
+I have performed the word of the Lord.
+
+14 And Samuel said. What is then this
+bleating of tlie flocks in my ears, and the
+lowing of the oxen wliich I hear ?
+
+15 And Saiil said, Prom the 'Amalekites
+have they brought them ; because the people
+had pity on the best of the flocks and of the
+oxen, in order to sacrifice unto the Lord thy
+God; and the rest have we destroyed.
+
+16 •[ And Samuel said unto Saiil, Stay,
+and I will tell thee what the Lord said
+to me this night: and he said unto him.
+Speak.
+
+17 T[ And Samuel said. Is it not that,
+however little thou wast in thy own eyes,"
+thou art the head of the tribes of Israel ? and
+the Lord anointed thee as king over Israel ?
+
+18 And the Lord sent thee on a journey,''
+and said. Go and destroy the siiniers, the
+'Amalekites, and thou shall fight against
+them until they be consumed.
+
+
+" Meaning, " However humble Saiil might have deemed
+himself before his appointment, he was still, thnmgh his
+having been anointed, king over Israel ; heiiee his exam-
+ple ought to have led others to obedience." Our version
+is after Sachs. — Philippson, " Art thou not become, al-
+though thou wast little in thy eyes," &c.
+
+^ Lit. "way," and means the campaign or military
+journey.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XV. XVI.
+
+
+I'J Wlicivloiv tlii'ii ilifLst thou not liearken
+unto the voice of the Lord, and didst tly upon
+the .sjjoil, and didst the evil in the eyes of
+the LoKD?
+
+20 ^ And Saiil said unto Samuel, Yea, I
+have fully hearkened unto tiie \oice of the
+Lord; and I went on the way which the
+LoKD had sent me; and I have brought Agag
+the king of 'Amalek; and the 'Amalekites
+have I destroyed.
+
+21 And the people took of the spoil, of the
+Hocks and oxen, the chief of the devoted
+things, to sacrifice unto the Lord thy God in
+Gilgal.
+
+22 ^f And Samuel said, Hath the Lord as
+much delight in burnt-offerings and in sacri-
+iices, as in obeying the voice of the Lord?
+Behold, to obey is l)etter than sacrifice, and
+to attend more than the fat of the rams.
+
+23 For the sin of witchcraft is rebellion,
+and idolatry and image-worship, stubbornness;
+inasmuch as thou hast despised the word of
+the Lord, he hath also despised thee that thou
+shalt not lie king.
+
+24 ^ And Saiil said unto Samuel, I have
+sinned; for I have transgressed the will of
+the Lord, and thy words; because I feared
+the people, and I hearkened to their voice.
+
+25 And now, I pray thee, pardon my sin,
+and return with me, that I may prostrate
+myself to the Lord.
+
+26 ^ And Samuel said unto Saiil, I will
+not return with thee; for thou didst despise
+the word of the Lord, and the Lord hath de-
+s[)ised thee, that thou shalt not be king over
+Israel.
+
+27 And Samuel turned about to go: and
+he laid hold on the corner of his mantle, and
+it was rent.
+
+28 ][ And Samuel said unto him. The
+Lord hath rent the kingdom of Israel from
+off thee this day, and hath given it to thy as-
+sociate, who is better than thou.
+
+29 And also the Strength of Israel will not
+lie nor repent; for he is not a man, that he
+should repent.
+
+30 And he said, I have sinned; (yet)
+honour me now, I pray thee, in the presence
+of the elders of my people, and in the pre-
+
+
+° Correctly, Yishai.
+
+"' Lit. "seeu." German, "ersebeu," ;'. e.
+seeing. "
+
+' Lit. "call."
+
+
+'.select
+
+
+sence of Israel, and return \\ith me, that I
+may prostrate myself unto the Lord thy God.
+
+31 So Samuel returned, following' Saiil;
+and Saiil prostrated himself to the Lord.
+
+32 ][ And Samuel said. Bring ye hitlier
+unto me Agag the king of the 'Amalekites:
+and Agag came unto him cheerfully; and
+Agag said, Surely the bitterness of death is
+past.
+
+33 Tl And Samuel said. As thy sword did
+make women childless, so shall thj' mother
+be childless among women; and Samuel hewed
+Agag in pieces before the Lord in Gilgal.
+
+34 ][ Then Samuel went to Ramah ; and
+Saiil went up to his house at Gib'ah of Saiil.
+
+35 And Samuel did not see Saiil any more
+until the day of his death; because Samuel
+mourned for Saiil; and the Lord repented
+that - - - -----
+
+
+le Had made Saiil king over Israel.
+
+
+CHAPTER XVL
+
+1 T[ And the Lord said unto Samuel, How
+long wilt thou niourn for Saiil, seeing I have
+rejected liim so as not to reign over Israel?
+fill thy horn with oil, and go, I will send
+thee to Jesse" the Beth-lechemite; for I have
+selected'' among his sons unto myself a king.
+
+2 And Samuel said, How shall I go? if
+Saiil should hear it, he would kill me.
+
+^ And tlie Lord said. Take a heifer with
+thee, and say. To sacrifice unto the Lord am
+I come.
+
+3 And invite" Jes.se to the sacrifice, and I
+Avill let thee know what thou shalt do; and
+thou shalt anoint unto me the one whom I
+will say unto tliee.
+
+4 And Samuel did that which the Lord
+had spoken, and came to Beth-lecliem. And
+the elders of the to^vn came hastily'' to meet
+him, and said. Peace to thee at thy coming.
+
+5 And he said, Peace: to sacrifice unto
+the Lord am I come; sanctify yourselves, and
+come with me to the sacrifice. And he sanc-
+tified Jesse and his sons, and invited them to
+the sacrifice.
+
+6 And it came to pass, when they came,
+that he saw Elial), and said. Surely the Lord's
+anointed is (here) before him.
+
+7 ^ But the Lord said unto Samuel, Re-
+
+
+'' After Kaslii, who is followed by Sachs; but Philipp-
+son gives, "came trembling to meet him, and said, Is tliy
+coming in peace? And he said, Peace."
+
+33a
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XVI. XVII.
+
+
+gard not his appearance, nor the height of
+his stature; because I have rejected him; for
+not what man looketh on ;" — for man looketh
+on the eyes, but the Lord looketh on the
+heart.
+
+8 Then Jesse called Abinadab, and caused
+him to jjass before Samuel. And he said.
+This one also hath the Lord not chosen.
+
+9 Then Jesse caused Shammah to pass by.
+And he said. This one also hath the Lord not
+chosen.
+
+10 And Jesse caused seven of his sons to
+pass before Samuel: and Samuel said unto
+Jesse, The Lord hath not made choice of
+these.
+
+11 And Samuel said unto Jesse, Ai'e there
+no more young men? And he said, There is
+yet left behind the youngest, and, behold, he
+is feeding the flocks. And Samuel said unto
+Jesse, Send and fetch him; for we will not
+sit down'' till he have come liither.
+
+12 And he sent, and brought him in. Now
+he was ruddy," having withal handsome eyes,
+and being of a goodly appearance.
+
+^ And the Lord said. Arise, anoint him;
+for this is he.
+
+13 Then took Samuel the horn of oil, and
+anointed him from among'' his brothers; and
+the Spirit of the Lord came suddenly upon
+David from that day and forward. And Sa-
+muel then rose up, and went to Ramah.
+
+14 And the Spirit of the Lord departed
+from Saiil, and there troubled him an evil
+spirit" from the Lord.
+
+15 And Saiil's servants said unto him, Be-
+hold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth
+thee.
+
+16 Let our lord but say (the word), and
+thy servants, now before thee, will seek out a
+man, who is skilful as a player on the hai'p ;
+and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit
+from God is upcm thee, that he shall play
+with his hand, that thou mayest be well.
+
+17 And Saiil said unto his servants. Select
+for me, I pray you, a man that can play well,
+and bring him to me.
+
+" Tlio sentence is completed at the end of the verse,
+"but (rod looketh on the heart." Some render, "that
+which man seeth is nothing." Jonathan, "man seeth
+with the eyes, and before God are revealed the thoughts
+of the heart."
+
+'' 2D: literally, "sit round," /. e. the table.
+
+" "Ked-haircd." — PinLU'PsoN.
+
+' Kedak.
+334
+
+
+18 Then answered one of the scr\ ants, and
+said. Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the
+Beth-lechemite, who is skilful as a player,
+and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war,
+and intelligent in speech,' and a person of
+a good form, and the Lord is with him.
+
+19 Thereupon Saiil sent messengers unto
+Jesse, and said. Send me David thy son,
+who is with the Hocks.
+
+20 And Jesse took an ass laden with bread,
+and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent
+them through David his son unto Saiil.
+
+21 And David came to Saiil, and stood be-
+fore him; and he loved him greatly, and he
+became his armour-bearer.
+
+22 And Saiil sent to Jesse, saying, Let
+David, I pray thee, stand before me; for he
+hath found favour in my e}es.
+
+23 And it came to pass, when the spirit of
+God was upon Saiil, that David took the
+harp, and played with his hand; so Saiil be-
+came relieved, and he felt well, and the evil
+spirit de^iarted from him.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 ^ And the Philistines gathered together
+their camps to battle, and they gathered
+themselves together at Sochoh, which belong-
+eth to Judah ; and they encamped Ijetween
+Sochoh and 'Azeliah, at Ephcss-dannnim.
+
+2 And Saiil and the men of Israel gathered
+themselves together, and encamped in the
+valley of Elah, and put themselves in battle-
+array ojjposite to the Philistines.
+
+3 And the Philistines stood on a mountain
+on the one side, and the Israelites stood on a
+mountain on the other side: and the valley
+was between them.
+
+4 And there went out the" champion out
+of the camp of the Philistines, Goliath of
+Gath was his name, whose height was six
+cubits and a span.
+
+5 And he had a helmet of copper upon
+his head, and he Avas clothed with a scaly
+coat of mail ; and the weight of the coat of
+mail was five thousand shekels of cojiper.
+
+
+° A melancholy, depression of spirit, the cfl'ect of Divine
+punishment.
+
+' Jonathan, "in counsel." Philippson refers this to a
+knowledge of language in poetic compo.sition, a (|uality
+highly necessary for extemporaneous song.
+
+°' D'JDn ly'X "the champion," who had probably been
+distinguished by deeds of arms before, and therefore now
+chosen to challenge Israel.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XVII.
+
+
+G And he had greaves of copper upon liis
+legs, and a javelin" of copper between his
+.shoulders.
+
+7 And the staff of his spear was like a
+weaver's beam; and the Ijlade o[' his spear
+(weighed) six hundred shekels of iron : and
+the shield-bearer was walking before him.
+
+8 And he stood and called unto the arrays
+of Israel, and said unto them. Why will ye
+come out to put yourselves in battle-array?
+Behold! I am the Philistine, and ye are ser-
+vants to Saul ! select for yourselves one man,
+and let him come down to me ;
+
+9 If he be able to fight with me, and he
+kill me, then will we be unto ^ou as servants;
+but if I prevail against him, and kill him,
+then shall ye be unto us as servants, and ye
+shall serve us.
+
+10 And the Philistine said, I have defied
+the arrays of Israel this day; give me a man,
+and let us fight together.
+
+11 When Saiil and all Israel heard these
+words of the Philistine, they were disheart-
+ened, and became greatly afraid.
+
+I'J ^ Now David was the son of that
+Ephrathite of Beth-lechem-judah. wliose name
+was ,lesse; and he had eight sons: and the
+man was old in the days of Saiil, belonging to
+the [)ersons (of high esteem).
+
+lo And the three eldest sons of Jesse were
+gone following Saiil to the battle: and the
+names of his three sons that were gone to the
+battle were Eliab the first-born, and the next
+to him Aliinadab, and the third Shammah.
+
+14 And David was the youngest: and the
+three eldest followed Saiil.
+
+15 But David kept going and returning
+from Saiil to feed his father's flocks at Beth-
+lecliem.
+
+1(3 And the Philistine drew near morning
+and evening, and presented himself forty days.
+
+17 And Jesse said unto David his son,
+Take, I pray thee, for thy brothers an ephah
+of this parched corn, and these ten loaves,
+and run to the camp to thy lirothers;
+
+18 And these ten cheeses shalt thou luring
+unto the captain of the thousand, and inrpiire
+of thy brothers how they fare, and take away
+their pledge.''
+
+" Jonathan, however, regards JITJ here as a lancc-
+shaped metal band brought down from the helmet to defend
+the back of the neck. But it may have been a javelin
+slung behind, to be used when needed.
+
+
+19 Now Saiil, and they, and all the men
+t)f Isniel. were in the valley of Elah, fighting
+with the Philistines.
+
+20 *i] And David rose up early in the
+morning, and ga\e up the flocks to a keeper,
+and took, and went, as Jesse had commanded
+him; and he came to the entrenchment, as
+the host was going forth in battle-array, and
+shouted the battle-cry-
+
+21 And the Israelites and the Philistines
+put themselves in battle-array, army" against
+army.
+
+22 And David left the articles which he
+had on him in the hand of the keeper of the
+Ijaggage, and ran into the array, and came
+and asked of his brothers after their Avelfare.
+
+2o And as he was speaking witli them. Ijc-
+hold, there came up the champion, Goliath
+the Philistine, by name, of Gath, out of the
+Ijattle-arrays of the Philistines, and spoke in
+accordance with these same words : and David
+heard it.
+
+24 And all the men of Israel, when they
+saw the man, fled from Ijefore him, and were
+greatly afraid.
+
+25 And the men of Israel said. Have ye
+seen this mtin that is coming forth? for to
+defy Israel is he coming forth; and it shall
+be, that the man who killeth him, — him will
+the kino; enrich Avith oreat riches, and his
+daughter will he give him, and his father's
+house wall he make free in Israel.
+
+20 ^ And David said to the men that
+stood by him, thus, What shall be done to
+the man that may smite yon Philistine, and
+take away the reproach from Israel? for who
+is this uucircumcised Philistine, that he
+should defy the arrays of the living God?
+
+27 And the people spoke to him after this
+manner, saying. So shall it be done to the
+man that may smite him.
+
+28 And Eliab his eldest brother heard
+when he was speaking unto the men; and
+Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and
+he said, Why didst thou come down hither?
+and with whom hast thou left those few shee])
+in the wilderness? I know thy presumption,
+and the wickedness of thy heart ; for in order
+to see the battle art thou come down.
+
+
+'' No doubt a token that the_y were well, to .satisfy tl
+anxious father; or it may be a testimnnia
+duct from their superior.
+
+' Lit. "arra^- opposite array."
+
+
+of good con-
+
+
+335
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XVII.
+
+
+29 And David said, What have I now
+done? It is nothing but a word.
+
+30 And he turned from him toward an-
+other, and spoke after the same manner : and
+the peojjle made him again a reply after the
+former manner.
+
+31 And the words which David had spoken
+were heard, and they told them in the pre-
+sence of Saiil, who sent for him.
+
+32 And David said to Saiil, Let no man's
+heart fail because of him: thy servant will go
+and fight with this Philistine.
+
+33 And Saiil said to David, Thou art not
+able to go unto this Philistine to fight with
+him; for thou art but a lad, and he (hath
+been) a man of war from his youth.
+
+34 ][ And David said unto Saiil, Thy ser-
+vant was feeding his father's flocks, and there
+came a lion, and" a bear, and bore oif a lamb
+out of the drove;
+
+35 And I went out after him, and smote
+him, and delivered it out of his mouth : and
+when he rose up against me, I caught him
+by his beard, and smote him, and slew
+him.
+
+36 Both the lion and the bear did thy ser-
+vant smite : and this uncircumcised Philistine
+shall become as one of them; because he hath
+defied the arrays of the living God.
+
+37 ^ Moreover David said. The Lord who
+hath delivered me out of the power of the
+lion, and out of the power of the bear, will
+also surely deliver me out of the hand of this
+Philistine.
+
+T[ And Saiil said unto David, Go, and may
+the Lord be with thee.
+
+38 And Saiil clothed David with his gar-
+ments, and he put a helmet of copper upon
+his head; and he clothed him also with a
+coat of mail.
+
+39 And David girded his sword over his
+garments, and he essayed to go; for he had
+not tried it. And David said unto Saiil, I
+cannot wallv in these (things) ; for I have
+never ti-ied it before. And David put them
+oif from him.
+
+40 And he took his staff in his hand, and
+chose himself five smooth stones out of the
+brook, and put them in the shepherd's pouch
+which he had, even in a scrip, with his sling
+
+
+° Sachs, "or." Others suppose that David had two
+such encounters, ouce with a liou aud once with a bear.
+336
+
+
+in his hand; and he approached to the Philis-
+tine.
+
+41 And the Philistine went and drew nearer
+and nearer unto David; and tlie man that
+bore the shield went before him.
+
+42 And when the Philistine looked about,
+and saw David, he disdained him ; for he was
+but a lad, and ruddy, with a fair appearance.
+
+43 And the Philistine said unto David,
+Am I a dog, that thou comest unto me with
+sticks? And the Philistine cursed David by
+his gods.
+
+44 And the Philistine said to David, Come
+to me, and I will give thy flesli unto the
+fowls of the heavens, and to the beasts of the
+field.
+
+45 ^ Then said David to the Philistine,
+Thou comest unto me with a sword, and with
+a spear, and with a javelin; but I come to
+thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the
+God of the ari'ays of Israel, that tliou hast
+defied.
+
+46 This day will the Lord deliver thee
+into my hand; and I will smite thee, and
+remove thy head from thee; and I will
+give the carcasses of the army of the Philis-
+tines this day unto the fowls of the air, and
+to the wild beasts of the earth ; and all the
+earth shall know that there is a God for
+Israel.
+
+47 And all this assembly shall know that
+the Lord saveth not through sword and sjjear;
+for the battle is the Lord's, and he will give
+you up into our hand.
+
+48 And it came to pass, when the Philis-
+tine arose, and went and drew nigh to meet
+David, that David hastened, and ran toward
+the battle-array to meet the Philistine.
+
+49 And David put his hand into the pouch,
+and took thence a stone, and slung it, and he
+struck the Philistine on his forehead, and the
+stone sunk into his forehead: and he fell upon
+his ftice to the ground.
+
+50 So David prevailed over the PliiUstine
+with the sling and with the stone, and smote
+the Philistine, and slew him; but tliere was
+no sword in the hand of David.
+
+51 And David ran, and stood l)y tin.' Phi-
+listine, and took his sword, and drew it out
+of its sheath, and slew him, and cut ofi' his
+head therewith. And when the Philistines
+saw that their hero was dead, they fled.
+
+52 And then arose the men of Israel and
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XVII. XVlir.
+
+
+of Judah, and shouted, and pursued the Phi-
+listines, until thou comest to the valley, and to
+the gates of 'Ekron. And the slain of the
+Philistines fell down Ijy the way to Sha'ara-
+yim, even as f\iv as Gath, and up to 'Ekron.
+
+53 And tlie children of Israel returned
+from hotly pursuing after the Philistiaies, and
+they spoiled their camps.
+
+54 And David took the head of the Philis-
+tine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but his
+weapons he placed in his tent.
+
+55 ^ And when Said saw David going
+forth against the Philistine, he said unto Ab-
+ner, the captain of the army, Abner, whose son
+is this lad ?" And Abner said. As thy soul
+liveth, 0 king, I know it not.
+
+56 And the king said, Ask thou whose son
+this youth is.
+
+57 ^ And as David returned i\\nn smiting
+the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought
+him bel'ore Saul with the head of the Philis-
+tine in his hand.
+
+58 And Saiil said to him. Who.se son art
+thou, young man ? And David answered. The
+son of thy servant Jesse the Beth-lechemite.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 And it came to pass, when he had made
+an end of s[)eaking unto Saiil, that the soul
+of Jonatlum was knit on the soul of David;
+and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
+
+'J And Saiil took him on that da}', and
+would not permit him to go home to his
+father's house.
+
+o Then Jonathan and David made a cove-
+nant, because of his loving him as his own
+soul.
+
+4 And Jonathan strip})ed himself of the
+robe that he had upon him, and gave it to
+David, and likewise his garments, even to his
+sword, and to his Ijow, and to his girdle.
+
+5 And David went out; whithersoever Saiil
+used to send him, he was successful; and
+Saiil set him over the men of war; and he
+Avas accepted in the eyes of all the people,
+and also in the eyes of the servants of Saiil.
+
+G ^ And it came to ])ass as the^- came home, '
+when David returned from smiting the Philis-
+
+
+* Ralbug explains tlie circumstance of Saiil's iicit recog-
+nising David, as owing to the fact that he had hitherto
+been only at court during Saiil's melancholy, and had
+since then been away to keep the flocks, and he appeared
+2S
+
+
+tine, that the women came forth out of all
+the cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to
+meet king Saiil, with tambourines, with joy,
+and with triangles.
+
+7 And the women that played answered
+one another, and said, Saiil hath slain his
+thousands, and David his ten thousands.
+
+8 And Saiil was very wroth, and this sa\'-
+ing was displeasing in his eyes; and he said.
+They have given unto David ten thousands,
+and to me they have given the thousands :
+and all tliat he lacketh now yet is only tlie
+kingdom.
+
+9 And Saiil looked jealous on David from
+that day and forward.
+
+10 ]| And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that an evil spirit from God came suddenly
+over Saiil, and he spoke tbolish things in the
+midst of the house : while David was playing
+with his hand, as on previous da3s; and the
+spear was in tiie hand of SaiiL
+
+11 And Saiil cast the spear; and he
+thought, I will strike David through e\'en on
+the wall. And David turned aside out of his
+presence twice.
+
+12 And Saiil was afraid of David; Ix'cause
+the Lord was with him, and Irom Saiil he
+was departed.
+
+13 Therefore Saiil removed him from him-
+self, and made him his captain over a tliou-
+sand : and he went out and came in belbre
+the people.
+
+14 ^\ And David was successful on all his
+ways; and the Lord was with him.
+
+15 And when Saiil saw that he was very
+successful, he was in dread of him.
+
+16 But all Israel and Judah loved David;
+because he went out and came in before
+them.
+
+1 7 ^[ And Saiil said to David, Behold here
+is my eldest daughter Meralj, her will I give
+to thee for wife : only be thou luito me a man
+of valour, and fight the Lord's battles. And
+Saiil thouglit. Let not my hand be against
+him, but let the hand of the Philistines be
+against him.
+
+18 And David said unto Saiil, Who am I?
+and wdiat is my life, (or) my lather's family
+
+
+before him now in a shepherd's dress. Abner, who was all
+the time with the army, might never have seen David till
+then. But after all, the chief inquiry was after David's
+father, whose house was to be made free in Israel.
+
+S37
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XVlll. XIX.
+
+
+in Isi'ael, that I should Ije a son-in-law to the
+king ?
+
+10 But it happened at the time when
+Merab, Saul's daughter should have been
+given to David, that she was given unto
+'Adriel the Mecholathite for wife.
+
+20 And Michal Saiil's daugliter loved
+David : and they told it to Saiil, and the
+thing was right in his eyes.
+
+21 And Saiil said, I will give her to him,
+that she may become unto him a snare, and
+that the hand of the Philistines may be
+against him. Wherefore Saiil said to David,
+Through' the second shalt thou this day be-
+come my son-in-law.
+
+22 And Saiil commanded his servants.
+Speak to David secretly, saying, Behold, the
+king hath delight in thee, and all his servants
+love thee; and now thou must become the
+king's son-in-law.
+
+23 And the .servants of Saiil spoke in the
+ears of David these words. And David said.
+Doth it seem so light in your eyes to become
+the king's son-in-law. seeing that I am a poor
+man, and of light esteem''
+
+24 And the servants of Saiil told him, say-
+ing, Words such as these David hath spoken.
+
+25 Tl And Saiil said. Thus shall ye say to
+David, The king desireth not any dowry, but
+a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be
+avenged on the king's enemies. But Saiil
+thought to cause David to fall by the hand of
+the Philistines.
+
+26 And when liis servants told David
+these words, the tiling was pleasing in the
+eyes of David to become the king's son-in-
+law : and the days were not complete,
+
+27 When David arose and went, he and
+his men, and smote of the Philistines two hun-
+dred men ; and David Ijrought their foreskins,
+and they counted them out in full to the
+king, that he might liecome the king's son-in-
+law. And Saiil gave him Michal his daughter
+for wife.
+
+28 And Saiil saw and understood that
+the Lord was with David: and Michal, Saiil's
+daughter, loved him.
+
+2!) And Saiil was yet the more afraid of
+I)a\id; and Saiil was David's enemy all the
+time.
+
+
+* After Pbilippson. Jonathan, aft<i- whom Rashi,
+"with oni! (if the tw(i."
+3S8
+
+
+30 ^ And the princes of the Philistines
+went forth : and it came to pass, whenever
+they went forth, that David Avas more suc-
+cessful than all the servants of Saiil; so that
+his name was highly prized.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 And Saiil spoke to Jonathan his son,
+and to all his servants, that he would kill
+David. But Jonathan the son of Saiil de-
+lighted greatly in David.
+
+2 And Jonathan told David, saying, Saiil
+ray father seeketh to kill thee ; now therefore,
+I pray thee, take heed to thyself in the
+morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide
+thyselfr
+
+3 And I will go out and stand Ijy the side
+of iny father in the field where thou iirt, and
+I myself will speak of thee to my father; and
+I will see what it is, and I will tell thee.
+
+4 ^[ And Jonathan spoke favourably of
+David unto Saiil his father, and said iint(j
+him, Let not the king sin against his servant,
+against David; since he liath not sinned
+against thee, and because his deeds are very
+good for thee ;
+
+5 And he did put his life in his hand, and
+he slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought
+a great salvation for all Israel; thou sawest it,
+and wast rejoiced : wherefore then wilt thou
+commit sin on innocent blood, by sla^'ing Da-
+vid without a cause?
+
+C And Saiil hearkened unto the voice of
+Jonathan : and Saiil swore. As the Lord liv-
+etli, he shall not be put to death.
+
+7 And Jonathan called David, and Jona-
+than told him all these words. And Jona-
+than brought David to Saiil, and he was in
+his presence, as in times past.
+
+8 ^ And the war occurred again : and Da-
+vid went out, and fought with the Philistines,
+and smote them with a great defeat, and they
+fled from before him.
+
+9 And the evil spirit from the Lord came
+ujjon Saiil, and he was sitting in his house
+with his spear in his hand : and Da\id Avas
+playing with his hand.
+
+10 And Saiil sought to strike Diivid tliinugh
+with the spear even to the wall; hut he slip-
+ped away from before Saiil, who struck the
+spear into the wall : and David fled, and
+escaped that night.
+
+11 T[ But Saiil sent messengers unto Da-
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XIX. XX.
+
+
+vid's house, to watch liim. luid to shiy liim in
+the morning; and Michal his wife told it to
+David, saying, It" thou save not thy lite tiiis
+night, to-morrow thou wilt he put to death.
+
+12 And Michal let David down through
+the window: and he went, and tied, and
+escaped.
+
+13 And Michal took an image," and put it
+in the hed, and a pillow'' of goats' hair she put
+for its head to I'est on, and covered it with a
+cloth.
+
+14 And when Saiil sent messengers to take
+David, she said. He is sick.
+
+15 And Saiil sent the messengers to see
+David, saying, Bring him up to me in the
+bed, that I may put him to death.
+
+16 And when the messengers were come
+in, behold, there was an image in the bed,
+with a pillow of goats' hair for its head to
+rest on.
+
+17 And Saiil said unto Michal, Why hast
+thou thus deceived me, and sent away my
+enemy, that he is escaped? And Michal said
+to Saiil, He said unto me, Let me go away:
+why should I kill thee?
+
+IS So David tied, and escaped, and came
+unto Samuel to Kaniah, and he told him all
+that Saiil had done to him. And he and Sa-
+nuiel went and remained in Nayoth.''
+
+11) And it was told unto Saiil, saying, Be-
+hold, David is at Nayoth near Ramah.
+
+20 And Saiil sent messengers to take Da-
+vid; and when they saw the company of the
+prophets prophesying.'' and Samuel standing
+as superintendent over them: then came upon
+the messengers of Saiil the sjiirit of (iod, and
+they also prophesied.
+
+21 And when it was told to Saiil, he sent
+other messengers, and these prophesied like-
+w isc. i\.nd Saiil sent again messengers the
+third time, and these also prophesied.
+
+22 Then went he himself also to Ramah,
+and came as far as the great well that is in
+Sechu : and he asked and said. Where are
+Samuel and David? And some one said,
+Behold, they are at Nayoth near Ramah.
+
+23 And he went thithei' to Na^'oth near
+
+' SoiiK' suppose tliat it may have been a bust of David;
+as it would not be likely that there should have been in
+his house an image for worship.
+
+" Rashi, "the skin of a goat."
+
+""School-house." — .Jon.\THAN. Probably the house
+where the scholars of the pro]>hi't-schi>(ils met.
+
+
+Ramah: and there came upon him al.'^o th(>
+Si)irit of God, and he went on, and prophesied
+as he went, until he came to Nayoth near
+Ramah.
+
+2-4 And he also stripped oil' his clothes,"
+and he also prophesied himself before Samuel,
+and lay down naked all that day and all
+that night. Tlierefore people are in the liabit
+of saying. Is Saiil too among the prophets ?
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 T[ And David fled from Nayoth near
+Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan,
+What have I done? what is my iniquity?
+and what is mj' sin before thy lather, that he
+seeketh my life?
+
+2 And he said unto him, God forbid; thou
+shalt not die: behold, my father is not wont
+to do a great thing or a small thing, wliicli
+he doth not inform'' me of; and why should
+ni}- father conceal this thing from me? it is
+not so.
+
+3 But David swore again, and said. Thy
+father well knoweth that I have found grace
+in thy eyes; wherefore he said, Jonathan
+must not know this, lest he l)e grieved: never-
+theless, as truly as the L(»ki) liveth, and thy
+soul liveth, there was Init one step between
+me and death.
+
+4 Then said Jcjuathan unto David, What-
+soever thy soul sayeth will I do for thee.
+
+5 And David said unto Jonathan, Behold,
+to-morrow is the new-moon, and 1 should as
+usual sit with the king to eat; but let me go,
+that I may hide myself in the lield until the
+third evening.
+
+G If thy father at all miss me, then do thou
+say, David asked earnestly leave of' me that he
+might run to Beth-lechem his city; lor there
+is a yearly sacrifice there for all the ianiily.
+
+7 If he .should say thus. It is well: then
+shall thy servant ha\e peace; Ijut if it be at
+all displeasing to him, then know that the
+evil is determined on by him.
+
+8 And do thou deal kindly with thy ser-
+vant; for into a covenant of the Lord hast
+thou ))rought thy servant with thee; l)ut if
+
+'' I'erhaps as above, x. 6, engaged in singing religious
+hymns, in which the messengers ioined instead of seiziuir
+
+i)ivid. " "
+
+' This is supposed to mean, that he laid aside his ar-
+mour and royal robes, to be like the scholars jiroscnt.
+' lAt. "and he will not reveal njy car."
+
+;i3;i
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XX.
+
+
+there be in me any iniquity, slay me thyself;
+for why shouldst thou In'ing me to thy father?
+
+9 And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee;"
+for if I should know for certain that evil were
+determined on by my fatlier to come upon
+theo, would I not tell it thee ?
+
+10 Then said David to Jonathan, Who
+shall tell it me? or what,* if thy father answer
+thee roughly?
+
+11 And Jonathan said unto David, Come,
+,and let us go out into the field. And they
+
+Avent out, both of them, into the field.
+
+12 ^ And Jonathan said unto David, May
+the God of Israel (punish me) if, when I have
+sounded my father about this time to-morrow,
+or of the third day, and, behold, if he be good
+toward David, I do not then send unto thee,
+and inform thee of it.
+
+13 May the Lord do so to Jonathan and
+continue so yet farther, that, if it please my fa-
+ther (to do) thee evil, I "\vill inform thee of it,
+and send thee away, that thou mayest go in
+peace; and may the Lord be with thee, as he
+hath been with my father.
+
+14 And wilt thou not," should I be yet
+alive, show me the kindness of the Lord, that
+I may not die ?
+
+15 But, surely, thou wilt not withdraw thy
+kindness from my house for ever, not even
+when the Lord cutteth off the enemies of Da^
+vid, every one, from off the face of the earth.
+
+16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the
+house of David, (saying,) May the Lord re-
+quire it at the hand of David's enemies.
+
+17 And Jonathan caused David to swear
+again, by his love for him; for he loved him
+as he loved his own soul.
+
+18 Tl Then Jonathan said to David, To-
+morrow is the new-moon: and thou wait be
+missed, because thy seat will be left empty.
+
+19 And when thou hast stayed till the
+third day, then shalt thou go down greatly,
+and come to the place where thou didst hide
+
+* Raslii renders, " Far it be from thee to think thus,
+tluit, if I were to know that, &c., I should not tell it to
+thee."
+
+'' Sachs, and others, "or what hard reply thy father
+would make thee ?"
+
+° After llashi, who takes nSi as a petition of Jonathan,
+that David might not forget their friendship in his pros-
+I»erity. Abarbanel refers it to the preceding, and takes it
+as an imprecation if David should prove false. Sachs,
+"Nor may it happen, that should I live, thou wouldst
+not show," &,c.
+340
+
+
+thyself on the work-day;'' and thou shalt re-
+main by the stone Ezel.'^
+
+20 And I will myself shoot three arrows
+on the side thereof, as though I were shooting
+at a mark.
+
+21 And, behold, I will send the lad, say-
+ing, Go, find the arrows ; if I should now say
+unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this
+side of thee : then take him'' and come ; for
+there is peace to thee, and it is nothing; as
+the Lord liveth.
+
+22 But if thus I should say unto the young
+man. Behold, the arrows are beyond thee:
+then go thy way, for the Lord hath sent thee
+off.
+
+2-3 And touching the matter of which we
+have spoken, thou and I, behold, the Lord is
+between me and thee for ever.
+
+24 Tl So David hid himself in the fiehl:
+and when the new-moon was come, the king
+set himself down to the repast to eat.
+
+25 And the king sat upon his seat, as at
+other times, upon the seat by the wall : and
+when Jonathan arose, Abner seated himself
+by the side of Saiil, and David's place was
+left empty.
+
+26 Nevertheless Saiil spoke not the least
+on that day; for he thought. Something hath
+befiillen him, he is not clean ; because he hath
+not yet purified himself^
+
+27 ^ And it came to pass on the morrow,
+the second day of the new-moon, that David's
+place was left empty: and Saul said unto
+Jonathan his son. Wherefore is the son of
+Jesse not come, both yesterday and to-day,
+to the repast?
+
+28 And Jonathan answered Saiil, David
+asked earnestly leave of me to go as far as
+Beth-lechem.
+
+29 And he said. Let me go, I pray thee;
+for we have a family-sacrifice in the city, and
+my brother himself hath connnanded it to
+me; and now, if I have found favour in thy
+
+* After Jonathan. Philippson, "on the day of yonder
+event," xix. 2; or the place where David was hidden be-
+fore.
+
+' Jonathan, "the guide-stone."
+
+' Viz. the lad, after Eedak. After Easlii, we should
+render it, "Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee,
+take them and come: (then come thou forth,) for there
+is," &c. Philippson, "this side of thee, fetch it; then
+come, for there is," &c.
+
+* Rashi. Philippson, "It is an accident, he is not
+clean; surely he is not cleau."
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XX. XXI.
+
+
+eyes, let me get away, I pvay thee, that I
+may see my brothers: thereibre is he not
+come unto the king's table.
+
+30 ^1 And the anger of Saiil was kindled
+against Jonathan, and he said unto him. Thou
+son of perverse relielliousness!" do I not know
+that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to
+thy own shame, and to the shame of thy
+mother's nakedness? •
+
+ol For all the days that the son of Jesse
+liveth upon the ground, thou wilt not have
+any permanence with thy kingdom: there-
+lore no\v send and fetch him unto me, for he
+shall sui'ely die.''
+
+32 "I And Jonathan answered Saiil his
+firther, and said unto him, Wherefore shall
+he be put to death? what hath he done?
+
+33 And Saiil cast his spear at him to smite
+him: and Jonathan understood that it was
+determined on by his father to put David to
+death.
+
+34 And Jonathan arose from the table in
+fierce anger, and did eat no food on the second
+day of the new-moon ; for he was grieved for
+David; because his father had made him feel
+ashamed.
+
+35 ^ And it came to pass in the morning,
+that Jonathan went out into the field to the
+place appointed with David, and a little lad
+was with him.
+
+3G And he said unto his lad, Run, do find
+out the arrows which I shoot: and the lad ran,
+and he shot the arrow so as to pass beyond him.
+
+37 And when the lad was come to the
+l)lace of the arrow which Jonathan had shot,
+Jonathan called after the lad, and said, Be-
+hold, tlie arrow is beyond thee!
+
+38 And Jonathan called after the lad, Make
+haste, speed, stay not: and Jonathan's lad
+gathered up the arrows, and came to his
+master.
+
+39 But the lad knew not the least: only
+Jonathan and David knew the matter.
+
+40 And Jonathan gave his weapons unto
+the lad who was with him, and said unto
+him. Go, carry them to the cit}'.
+
+" Sachs. Others, "Thou son of a perverse rebellious
+woman."
+
+^ Heb. "he is a son of death."
+
+° )'. e. He wept more than Jonatlian; but Sachs, "until
+David wept aloud."
+
+■^ This is in the English version a part of the verse 42
+(if the last chapter ; our ver.se 2 is there verse 1 , &c.
+
+
+41 And as .soon as the lad was gone, Da-
+vid arose from the south side (of the stone),
+and fell on his face to the ground, and Ijowed
+himself three times: and they kissed one an-
+other, and wept one with another, until Da-
+vid exceeded."
+
+42 And Jonathan said to David, Go in
+peace: wliat we have sworn, both of us, in
+the name of the Lokd, saying, The Lord shall
+be between me and thee, and between my
+seed and thy seed for ever, (shall Ije kept).
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+l*" ^ And he arose and departed; and Jona-
+than went into the city.
+
+2 And David came to Nob to Achimelech
+the priest; and Achimelech hastened trem-
+bling to meet David, and said unto liim, Why
+art thou alone, and no man is with thee ?
+
+3 And David said unto Achimelech the
+priest. The king conunanded me a business,
+and said unto me. Let not any num know
+the least of the business concerning which I
+send thee, and which I have commanded
+thee. And the young men have I appointed
+to such and such a jjlace.
+
+4 And now what hast thou on hand?"
+put five loaves of bread into my hand, or
+what else can be found.
+
+5 And the priest answered David, and
+said, I have no common bread on hand, but
+there is hallowed bread; if the young men
+have only withheld tliemselves from women.
+
+6 \ And David answered the priest and
+said to him. To a certainty women have been
+denied us yesterday and the day before, when I
+went forth, and the vessels of the yfiung men
+wex'e hoi}': and if this was the custom with
+unholy things, how much more will it remain
+this day holy in the vessels.*^
+
+7 So the priest gave him hallowed bread ;
+for there was no bread there except the show-
+bread, that was removed from before the Loud,
+so as to put down hot bread on the day when
+it was taken away.
+
+8 Now a certain man of the servants of
+
+
+• Lit. " what is under thy hand ?"
+
+' After Ralbag. Sachs, "When already, &c., and thi.s
+was the custom with the unholy," &c. The latter part
+of the verse is an assurance that the show-bread shmild
+not be rendered unclean by giving it to David and his
+men, a.<t their vessels were all untouched by uncleanness.
+(See Leviticus xi. xiv. xv. and elsewhere.)
+
+.341
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXI. XXTT.
+
+
+Saiil was there on tliat day, detained before tlie
+L(»iiD; ;in(l his name was Doeg, the Edomite,
+the cliief of the herdsmen that belonged to Saiil.
+
+9 And David said unto Achimelech, Hast
+thou not also here at hand a spear or sword ?
+for both my sword as also my other weapons
+have I not brought with me, because the king's
+business was urgent.
+
+10 ^ And the priest said, The sword of
+Goliath the Philistine, whom thou didst slay
+in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here
+wrapped up in a cloth beliind the ephod : if
+Ihou wilt take that for thysell', take it; for
+there is no other save it here.
+
+1[ And David said, There is none like that:
+give it to me.
+
+11 T[ And David aro.se, and tied on that
+day from before Saiil, and came to Achish
+the king of Gath.
+
+12 And the servants of Achish said unto
+him, Is not this David the king of the land?
+did they not of this man sing one to another
+in the dances, saying, Saiil liatli slain his
+thousands, and David liis ten thousands?
+
+lo And David took these words to his
+lieart, and was greatly afraid of Achish the
+king of Gath.
+
+14 And he disguised his reason before their
+eyes, and played the madman in their hands,
+and scribbled on the doors of the gate, and let
+his spittle run down upon his beard.
+
+15 T[ Then said Achish unto his servants,
+Lo, ye see, the man is mad: wherefore then
+will ye bring him to me?
+
+IG Have I lack of madmen, that ye have
+brought this man to play his pranks about
+me? shall this one come into my house?
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 Tl And David departed thence, and es-
+caped to the cave 'AduUam: and when his
+brothers and all his father's house heard it,
+they went down to him thither.
+
+2 And there gatheix'd themselves unto
+him every one that was in distress, and
+every one that had a creditor, and every one
+that had an emljittered spirit ; and he became
+a captain over them: and there were witli
+liim about four hundred men.
+
+o And David went thence to Mi'/,[)eh of
+Motib: and he said unto the king of Mo'ab,
+
+
+" Others, " niulcr a gnivf in
+
+
+llMIII
+
+
+Let my fatlier and my mother, I pray thee,
+g(j fortli with you, until I can know what God
+will do for me.
+
+4 And he conducted them to the presence
+of the king of Moab : and they remained with
+him all the time that David was in the strong-
+hold.
+
+0 And the prophet Gad said unto Da^id,
+Thou must not remain in the strong-hold:
+depart, and get thee into the land of Judah.
+Then David departed, and came into the forest
+of Chereth.
+
+G ^1 And Saiil heard that David was disco-
+vered, and the men that were with him, (now
+Saiil was sitting in Gib'ah under the tamarisk
+on the hill," with his spear in his- hand, and
+all his .servants were standing about him ;)
+
+7 Then said Saiil unto his servants that
+stood about him. Hear, I pray you, men of
+Benjamin! will the son of Jesse give, indeed,
+to ever}' one of you fields and vineyards? will
+he appoint you all captains of thousands, and
+captains of hundreds ?
+
+8 That ye have conspired, all of you,
+against me, and there is none that inibrmeth
+me, while my son hath made a covenant with
+the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that
+is concerned for me, or informeth me that my
+son hath stirred up my servant to lie in wait
+against me, as it is this day ?
+
+9 ]| Then answered Doeg the Edomite,
+who'' was set over the servants of Saiil, and
+said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob,
+to Achimelech the son of Achitub.
+
+10 And he asked counsel for him of the
+Lord, and he gave him provision, and gave
+him also the sword of Goliath the Philistine.
+
+11 Then sent the king to call Achimelech,
+the son of Achitub, the priest, and all his
+father's house, tlm priests that were in Nob:
+and they came, all of them, to the king.
+
+12 ^ And Saiil said. Hear now, thou son
+of Achitub. And he said, Here am I, my
+lord.
+
+13 And Saiil said unto him, Why have ye
+conspired against me, thou and the son of
+Jesse, in that thou didst give him bread, and a
+sword, and hast asked counsel for him of God,
+that he should rise to lie in wait against me,
+as it is this day ?
+
+14 ^f Then answered Achimelech the king,
+
+
+.JiiikiIIkiii; ndiers, "wIid was standing by," &c.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXII. XXIIi.
+
+
+and said, And who is among all thy servants
+so trusted as David, and the king's son-in-
+law, and freely admitted to thy jDrivate
+council," and is honoured in thy house?
+
+15 Did I this da}' then begin to ask coun-
+sel for him of God? far be it from me; let
+not the king impute any thing unto his ser-
+vant, (nor) to all the house of my father; for
+thy servant knew not of all tliis, either a little
+or great thing.
+
+16 A)iil the king said, Thou shalt surely
+die, Achimelech, tliou, and all thy father's
+house.
+
+17 And the king said unto the runners
+that stood about him. Turn round and slay
+the priests of the Lord; because tlieir hand
+also is with David, and because they knew
+that he was fleeing, ami did not disclose it to
+me. But the servants of the king would not
+stretch forth their hand to tall upon the
+priests of tlie Lokd.
+
+18 And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou
+round, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg
+the Edomite turned round, and he fell upon
+the priests, and slew on that day eighty and
+live persons that did wear a linen ephod.
+
+19 And Nob, the city of the priests, he
+smote with the edge of the sword, Ijoth men
+and women, children and sucklings, and oxen,
+and asses, and lambs, witli the edge of the
+sword.
+
+20 And there escaped one of the sons of
+Achimelech the son of Achitul), whose name
+was Kbyathar,'' and he tied after David.
+
+21 And Ebyathar told David that Saiil had
+slain the priests of the Lord.
+
+22 And David said unto Ebyathar, I knew
+on that day, because Doeg the Edomite was
+tliere, that he would surely tell Saiil: I have
+myself occasioned the deatli of all the persons
+ot" thy father's house.
+
+23 Remain thou with me
+for he that will seek my life will seek thy
+life; Init thou shalt be well guarded with me.
+
+CHAPTER XXIIL
+
+1 ^ Then they told David, saying, Behold,
+the Philistines are fighting against Ke'ilah,
+and they are plundering the threshing-floors.
+
+* Rasbi and Redak, "obedient to tby will." Our ver-
+sion is after .Sachs and others, who take "inj-ntyo for "thy
+secret council." (See 2 Samuel xxiii. i'S.)
+
+
+fear nothing;
+
+
+2 Thereupon David asked counsel of tht
+Lord, saying. Shall I go and smite among
+these Philistines?
+
+^f And the Lord said unto David, Go and
+smite among the Philistines, and deliver
+Ke'ilah.
+
+3 And David's men said unto him. Behold,
+here in Judah are we afraid : how much more
+then if we slioidd go to Ke'ilali against the
+battle-arrays of the Philistines ?
+
+4 ^[ Then David asked yet again counsel
+of the Lord. And tlw Lord answered him
+and said, Arise, Go down to Ke'ilah; lor I
+(will) deliver the Philistines into thy hand.
+
+•5 So David and his jnen went to Ke'ilali;
+and he ii)Ught with the Philistines, and lead
+away their cattle, and smote among them a
+great slaughter. So David delivered the in-
+habitants of Ke'ilah.
+
+G ][ And it came to pass, Avhen Elnathar
+the son of Achimelech fled over to David, to
+Ke'ilah, that the ephod came down witii him."
+
+7 And it was told to Saiil that David was
+come to Ke'ilah. And Saiil said, God hath
+delivered him into my hand; for he is shut
+in, by entering into a town that hath gates
+and bars.
+
+8 And Saiil called all the jjeople together
+to war, to go down to Ke'ilah, to besiege
+David and his men.
+
+9 And Da\id understood that Saiil secretly
+devised mischief against him; and he said to
+Ebyathar the priest. Bring hither the epliod.
+
+10 1] Then said David, 0 Lord, God of
+Israel, thy servant hath heard for certain that
+Saiil seeketh to come to Ke'ilah, to destroy
+the city tor my sake.
+
+11 Will the men of Ke'ilah surrender me
+into his hand? will Saiil come down as thy
+servant hath heard? 0 Lord, God of Isi-ae'l,
+I beseech thee, tell thy servant.
+
+T[ And the Lord said. He will come down.
+
+12 ^ Then said David, Will the men of
+Ke'ilah surrender me and my men into the
+hand of Saiil ? And the Lord said. They
+will surrender.
+
+13 T[ Then arose David and his men, about
+six hundred men, and departed out of Ke'ilah,
+and wandered about whithersoever they could
+
+
+Eng. version, "Abiathar.'
+Lit. "in his hand."
+
+
+343
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXTII. XXIV.
+
+
+go. And when it was told to Saiil that David
+was escaped from Ke'ilah, he forbore to go
+Ibrth.
+
+14 And David remained in the wilderness
+in strong-holds, and abode on the mountain
+in the wilderness of Zi])h. And Saiil sought
+him all the time, but God delivered him not
+into his hand.
+
+15 And David saw that Saiil was gone
+forth to seek his life : and David was in the
+wilderness of Ziph in the forest.''
+
+16 ^ And Jonathan, the son of Saiil, arose,
+and went ■ to David into the forest, and
+strengthened his hand in God.*"
+
+17 And he said unto him, Fear not; for
+the hand of Saiil my father will not find thee ;
+and thou wilt be king over Israel, and I will
+be next" unto thee ; and also Saiil my father
+knoweth this.
+
+18 And they made, both of them, a cove-
+nant before the Lord: and David remained
+in the forest; Ijut Jonathan went to his house.
+
+19 ^ Then came up the Ziphites unto Saiil
+to Gib'ah, saying, Behold, David is hiding
+himself with us in the strong-holds in tlie
+forest, on the hill of Chachilah, which is on
+the right of the desert.
+
+20 And now in accordance with all the
+longing of thy soul, 0 king, to come down,
+come down ; and our part shall be to surren-
+der him into the king's hand.
+
+21 And Saiil said. Blessed be ye of the
+Lord; for ye liave pity on me.
+
+22 Go, I pray you, make yet more prepara-
+tions, and remark and see his place where
+his foof may be, who hath seen him there ;
+for I am told that he dealeth with great
+subtilty.
+
+23 See therefore, and remark eveiy one
+of all the lurking-places where he usually
+liideth himself, and come ye again to me with
+the certainty, and I Avill go with you; and it
+shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that
+I will search him out throughout all the
+thousands of Judah.
+
+24 And they arose, and went to Ziph be-
+fore Saiil; but David and his men were in
+
+" After Jonathan. Others rentier it "Choreshah," as
+the name of a place.
+
+'' I. e. He .strengthened him in spirit by bidding liiin to
+rj^ly on G-od's promise.
+
+° nwo "the second," or the one next in anthnrity to
+ilic king.
+
+344
+
+
+the wilderness of Ma'on, in the plain on the
+right of the desert.
+
+25 And Saiil and his men went to make a
+search. And they told it to David : wherefore
+he came down to the rock, and abode in the
+wilderness of Ma'on. And when Saiil heard
+this, he pursued after David into the wilder-
+ness of Ma'on.
+
+26 And Saiil went on this side of the
+mountain, and David and his men on that
+side of the mountain ; and David made haste
+to get away from before Saiil ; and Saiil and
+his men were compassing David and his men
+to seize them.
+
+27 But a messenger came unto Saiil, say-
+ing, Haste thee, and come; for the Philistines
+have invaded" the land.
+
+28 Wherefore Saiil returned from pursuing
+after David, and went against the Philistines :
+therefore they called that place Selorham-
+machlekoth.'
+
+CHAPTP]R XXIV.
+
+1^ And David went up from there, and
+abode in strong-holds of 'En-gedi.
+
+2 ^ And it came to pass, when Saiil was
+returned from pursuing the Philistines, that
+it was told to him, saying, Behold, David is
+in the wilderness of 'En-gedi.
+
+3 ^ Then took Saiil three thousand chosen
+men out of all Israel, and went to seek David
+and his men upon the rocks of the wild
+goats.''
+
+4 And he came to the sheepfolds by the
+way, and there w.as a cave; and Saiil went
+in to cover his feet: and David and his men
+were sitting in the lower end of the cave.
+
+5 And the men of David said unto him,
+Behold, this is the day of which the Lord
+hath said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thy
+enemy into tliy hand, that thou mayest do to
+him as it shall seem good in thy eyes. And
+David arose, and cut off the corner of the
+rol)e whicli Saiil wore, unperceived.
+
+0 And it came to pass afterward, that Da-
+vid's heart smote him, because he had cut off
+the corner of Saiil's (robe) .
+
+'' Eng. version, freely, "where his haunt is."
+" Ileb. "spread themselves upon."
+' ('. c. The rock of divisions.
+
+8 In the English version this verse is v. 29 of chap,
+xxiii.; and in our version is v. 1 of xxiv.
+" Sachs, "chamois."
+
+
+tJESTRLTCTlON OF" THE WALL OK JERICHO,
+
+
+t SAMUEL XXIV. XXV.
+
+
+7 And lie said unto Iiis men. Far be it
+from me for tlie Lord's sake, that I should do
+this thing unto my master, the Lord's anoint-
+ed, to stretch forth my hand against him ; be-
+cause he is the anointed of the Lord.
+
+8 So David restrained his servants with
+these words, and suffered them not to rise
+against SaiiL But Saiil rose up out of the
+cave, and went on his way.
+
+9 ^ David also arose afterward, and went
+forth out of the cave, and called after Saiil,
+saving. My lord, the king! And Saiil then
+looked behind him, and David bowed his face
+to the earth, and prostrated himself.
+
+10 And David said to Saiil, Wherefore
+wilt thou listen to men's words, saying. Behold,
+David seeketh thy injury?
+
+11 Behold, tliis day thy eyes have seen
+how that the Lord had delivered thee to-day
+into my hand in the cave, and some one
+said that I should kill thee : but my soul felt
+compassion for thee: and I said, I will not
+stretch forth my hand against my lord; be-
+cause he is the anointed of the Lord.
+
+12 And now, my father, see, yea, see the
+corner of thy robe in my hand; for in
+that I cut off the corner of thy robe, and
+killed thee not, know thou and see that there
+IS neither evil nor transgression in my hand,
+and that I have not sinned against thee : yet
+thou liest in wait for my soul to take it.
+
+13 May the Lord judge between me and
+thee, and may the Lord avenge me on thee ;
+but my hand shall not be against thee.
+
+14 As saith the proverb of the ancients.
+From the wicked proceedeth wickedness ; but
+my hand shall not be against thee.
+
+15 After whom is the king of Israel gone
+out? after whom* art thou pui'suing? after a
+dead dog,'' after a single flea.
+
+16 May the Lord therefore be judge, and
+decide between me and thee, and see, and
+plead my cause, and obtain me justice out of
+thy hand.
+
+1 7 ^[ And it came to pass, "When David had
+finished speaking these words unto Saiil, that
+Saiil said, Is this thy voice, my son David?
+And Saiil lifted up his voice, and wept.
+
+" Jonathan paraphrases, " after one weak man, after one
+common person."
+
+' Lit. "told," i. e. by action.
+
+° " On a good road," i. e. to let him get away unharmed
+to pursue his business freely.
+
+* Raslri, "his cattle and property." This Carmol here
+2 T
+
+
+18 And ho said to David, Thou art more
+righteous than I ; for thou hast dcme for me
+only what is good, whereas I have rewarded
+thee only with what is- evil.
+
+19 And thou hast proved'' this day, that
+thou hast dealt well with me; forasmuch as
+when the Lord had surrendered me into thy
+hand, thou didst not kill me.
+
+20 For if a man lind his enemy, will he let
+him go away on a good road?" so may the
+Lord reward thee with good for what thou
+hast done unto me this day.
+
+21 And now, behold, I know that thou
+wilt surely become king, and that the king-
+dom of Israel Avill stand firmly in thy hand.
+
+22 And now swear unto me by the Lord,
+that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me,
+and that thou wilt not destroy my name out
+of my father's house.
+
+23 And David swore unto Saiil; and Saiil
+went to his liouse; but David and his men
+went up into the strong-hold.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ^ And Samuel died; and all the Israel-
+ites assembled themselves together, and la-
+mented for him, and Ijuried him in his house
+at Ramah. And David arose, and went down
+to the wilderness of Paran.
+
+2 ^ And there was a man in Ma'on, whose
+business'' was in Carmel; and the man was
+very great, and he had three thousand sheep,
+and a thousand goats : and he was, while they
+were shearing his sheep, at Carmel.
+
+3 Now the name of the man was Nabal,
+and the name of his wife Abigayil : and the
+woman was of good understanding, and of a
+beautiful form ; but the man was hard-hearted
+and evil in his deeds; and he was of the house
+of Caleb.
+
+4 And David lieard in the wilderness that
+Nabal was shearing his sheep.
+
+5 And David sent out ten young men, and
+David said unto the young men. Get you up
+to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and ask him in
+my name after his well-being.
+
+6 And ye shall say," May it thus be through-
+out thy life ; and peace be to thee, and peace
+
+
+mentioned is a district in the south of Judah, not Mount
+Carmel at the north-west of Palestine.
+
+' Rashi, "May it thus be for the next year; peace," &c.
+Philippson, "And ye shall say thus to him who liveth
+prosperously, Peace," &c. Herxheimer, "And ye shall
+say thus, To thy prosperity, and have peace," &c.
+
+345
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXV.
+
+
+be to thy house, and unto all that thou hast
+be peace.
+
+7 And now have I heard that thou hast
+Bheep-shearers : now thy shepherds have been
+with us, we liave not injured them, neither
+hath there aught been missing unto them, all
+the time they were at Carmel.
+
+8 Ask thy young men, and they will tell
+it thee. Therefore let the young men find
+favour in thy eyes; for on a festive day are
+we come: give, I pray thee, whatsoever thy
+hand is capable of unto thy servants, and to
+thy son, to David.
+
+9 And David's young men came, and they
+spoke to Nabal in accordance with all these
+words in the name of David ; and then they
+ceased.
+
+10 And Nabal answered tlie servants of
+David, and said, Who is David? and who is
+the son of Jesse? now-a-dajs there are many
+servants that break away every one from his
+master.
+
+11 Shall I then take my bi'ead, and my
+water, and my flesh that I have killed for my
+sheep-shearers, and give it unto men, whom I
+know not whence they are?
+
+12 And David's young men turned about
+on their way, and returned, and came and
+told him in accordance with all these words.
+
+13 And David said unto his men, Gird ye
+on, every man, his sword. And they girded
+on, every man, his sword; and David also
+girded on his sword : and there went up after
+David about four hundred men, and two
+hundred abode by the baggage.
+
+14 But one" of the young men told Abigayil,
+Nabal's wife, saying. Behold, David sent mes-
+sengers out of the wilderness to greet our
+master; but he hath spoken rudely to them.
+
+15 Whereas the men have been very good
+unto us; and we have not been injured,
+neither have we missed any thing, all tiie
+time that we went about with them, while
+we were in the field :
+
+10 A wall were they around us both by
+night and l)y day, all the time we were with
+them, feeding the flocks.
+
+17 And now know and consider what thou
+canst do; for evil is determined on asrainst
+our master, and against all his household;
+
+' Hcb. "one young man of," &c.
+'' Others give this phrase, "any male."
+346
+
+
+and he is too greatly a worthless man for me
+to speak to him.
+
+18 And Abigayil made haste, and took
+two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine,
+and five sheep ready dressed, and five mear
+sures of parched corn, and a hundred clusters
+of niisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and
+laid them on asses.
+
+19 And she said inito her young men. Pass
+on before me: behold, I come after you. But
+to her husband Nabal she told nothing.
+
+20 And it was so, as she was riding on the
+ass, and coming down by the covert of the
+mount, that, behold, David and his men came
+down toward her; and she met them.
+
+21 Now David had said, Yea, for naught
+only have I guarded all that lielongeth to
+this lellow in the wilderness, so that not the
+least was missed of all that pertained unto
+him; and he hath requited me evil instead
+of good.
+
+22 So may God do unto the enemies of
+David, and do so yet forther, if I leave of all
+that pertaineth to him by the morning light,
+as much as a dog.*"
+
+23 And when Abigayil saw David, she
+hastened, and alighted oft" the ass, and fell
+down before David on her tace, and bowed
+herself to the ground,
+
+24 And she fell at his feet, and said. On
+me, me, my lord, is the fault : and let thy
+hand-maid, I pray thee, speak in thy hearing,
+and listen to the words of thy hand-maid.
+
+25 Let not my lord, I pray thee, turn his
+heart unto this worthless man, unto Nabal;
+for as his name is, so is he: Naljal" is his
+name, and meanness is with him; but I thy
+hand-maid did not see the young men of my
+lord, whom thou didst send.
+
+20 And now, my lord, as the Eternal liv-
+eth, and as thy soul liveth, it is the Lord who
+hath withholden thee from coming to blood-
+guiltiness, and from helping thyself with thy
+own hand; and now may like Nabal be thy
+enemies, and those that seek (to do) my lord
+evil.
+
+27 And now this present which thy hand-
+maid hath brought unto my lord, let it even
+be given unto the young men that follow in
+the train my lord.
+
+
+° i. e. "Fool," "wicked," "mean," from nrhahih, "a
+scandalous, foolish, or mean act."
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXV. XXVI
+
+
+28 Pardon, I pray thee, the trespass of thy
+hand-maid; for tlie Lord will certainly make
+for n)y lord an enduring liouse; because the
+battles of tlie Lord doth my lord fight, and
+evil will not be found in thee all thy da^ys."
+
+29 And though a man is risen up to pursue
+thee, and to seek thy soul : yet will the soul
+of my lord be bound in the bond of life with
+the Lord thy God ; and the soul of thy
+enemies will he hurl away, as out of the
+middle of the sling.
+
+30 x\nd it shall come to pass, when the
+Lord will do to my lord, in accordance with
+all the good that he hath spoken concerning
+thee, and will ordain thee as ruler over
+Israel,
+
+31 That this shall not be unto thee as a
+cause of offence and as a reproach of heart
+unto my lord, both by having shed blood
+without cause, and by my lord having righted
+himself; and when the Lord will do good
+unto my lord, then do thou remember thy
+hand-maid.
+
+32 1[ And David said to Abigayil, Blessed
+be the Lord, the God of Israel, who sent thee
+this day to meet me;
+
+33 And blessed be thy intelligence, and
+blessed Ije thou, who hast prevented me this
+day from coming unto blood-guiltiness, and
+from helping myself with my own hand.
+
+34 But truly, as the Lord the God of
+Israel liveth, wdao hath withdrawn me from
+injuring thee, except thou hadst hastened and
+come to meet me, surely there would not
+have been left unto Nabal by the morning-
+light so much as a dog.
+
+35 And David took out of her hand that
+wdiich she had brought him; and unto her he
+said. Go up in peace to thy house : see, I have
+hearkened to thy voice, and have respected''
+thy presence.
+
+36 And Abigayil came to Nabal ; and, be-
+hold, he held a feast in liis house, like the
+feast of a king; and NabaFs heart was merry
+within him, and he was exceedingly drunken;
+wdierefore she told him not a word, either
+little or great, until the morning-light.
+
+37 But it happened in the morning, when
+the wine was gone out of Nabal, that his wafe
+
+
+* Sachs, " And raisfoi-tunu will imt assail thee all thy
+days." llashi, "Therefore should wrong uot bo found on
+thee." The meaning of the last clause is, probably, that
+
+
+told him these things; and Ids heart died
+within him, and he became as a stone.
+
+38 And it came to pass in about ten days
+thereafter, that the Lord struck Nabal, and
+he died.
+
+39 And when Da^•id heard that Nabal was
+dead, he said. Blessed be the Lord, who hath
+pleaded the cause of my reproach from the
+hand erf Nabal, and hath withheld his servant
+from evil; and the wickedness of Nabal iiath
+the Lord returned upon his own head. And
+David sent and applied for Abigayil, to take
+her to himself for wife.
+
+40 And the servants of David came to
+Abigayil to Carmel, and they spoke unto her,
+saying, David hath sent us unto thee, to take
+thee to himself for wife.
+
+41 Thereupon she arose, and bowed herself
+with her face to the earth, and said, Behold,
+let thy hand-maid be a servant to wash the
+feet of the servants of my lord.
+
+42 And Abigayil hastened, and arose, and
+rode upon an ass, with her five damsels that
+went in her train; and she went after the
+messengers of David, and she became his wife.
+
+43 David also took Achino'am of Yizre'el;
+and both of them became thus his wives.
+
+44 ^1 But Saiil had given Michal his
+daughter, David's wife, to Palti, the son of
+Layish, who was of Gallim.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 And the Ziphites came unto Saiil to
+Gil/ah, saying, Behold, David hideth himself
+on the hill of Chachilah, before the desert.
+
+2 Then arose Saiil, and went down to the
+wilderness of Ziph, and with him were three
+thousand men chosen out of Israel, to seek
+David in the wilderness of Ziph.
+
+3 And Saiil encamped on the hill of Cha-
+chilah, which is before the desert by the
+way; but David abode in the wilderness, and
+he saw that Saiil was coming after him into
+the wilderness.
+
+4 David thereupon sent out spies, and
+understood that Saiil was come for a certainty.
+
+5 And David arose, and came to the place
+where Saiil was encamped; and David beheld
+the place where Saul lay, with Abner the son
+
+
+she begs David not to sully his reputation by doing wrong
+to the innocent.
+
+'' i. e. Received in favour the prayer of the petitioner.
+
+347-
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXVI.
+
+
+of Ner, the captain of his army: and Saiil
+was lying in the midst of the ring,'' and the
+people were encamped round about him.
+
+6 Then commenced David and said to Achi-
+melech the Hittite, and to Abisliai the son of
+Zeruyah, the brother of Joiib, saying, Who will
+go down with me to Saiil to the camp ? And
+Abishai said, I will i-eadily go down with
+thee.
+
+7 So David and Abi.shai came to the peo-
+ple by night : and, behold, Saul lay sleeping
+witliin the ring, with his spear stuck in the
+ground by his head; but Abuer and the j^eo-
+ple were lying round about him.
+
+8 T[ Then said Abishai to David, God hath
+surrendered this day thy enemy into thy
+hand: and now let me strike him through,
+I pray thee, with the spear, even to the earth
+with one blow, and 1 will not give him a
+second one.
+
+9 But David said to Abishai, Destroy him
+not; ior who hath stretched forth his hand
+against tlie Lord's anointed, and remained
+guiltless?
+
+10 David said farthermore, As the Lord
+liveth, the Lord alone shall strike him down :
+either his day shall come that he die; or he
+shall go down into battle, and perish.
+
+11 Far be this from me for the sake of the
+Lord, that I should stretch forth my hand
+against the Lord's anointed ; but now, I pray
+thee, take thou the spear that is by his head,
+and the cruise of water, and let us go our
+■\vay.
+
+12 So David took the spear and the cruise
+of water by the head of Saiil, and they went
+their way; and no one saw it, and no one
+perceived it, and no one awaked; for they
+were all sleeping; because a deep sleep from
+the Lord was fallen upon them.
+
+13 Then went David over to the other
+side, and stood on the top of the mount afar
+off, the space between them being great.
+
+14 And David called to the people, and to
+Abner the son of Ner, saying. Wilt thou not
+answer, Abner? And Abner answered and
+said. Who art thou that callest to the king ?
+
+15 T[ And David said to Abner, Art thou
+not a man ? and who is like to thee in Israel ?
+
+
+" /. e. Formed by the people and their baggage.
+' David regarded bis banishment from Palestine, the
+vicinity of the ark of God, as though lie had been bid-
+348
+
+
+why then hast thou not kept guard over
+thy lord the king? for there came one of the
+people to destroy the king thy lord.
+
+IG This thing which thou hast done is not
+good. As the Lord liveth, ye deserve to die;
+because ye have not kept guard over your
+master, over the Lord's anointed. And now
+see, Avhere is the king's spear, and the cruise
+of water that was by his liead ?
+
+17 And Saiil recognised David's A'oice, and
+he said. Is this thy voice, my son David?
+And David said, It is my voice, my lord, 0
+king.
+
+18 And he said. Why is this that my lord
+doth pursue after his servant? for what have
+I done ? or what evil is in my hand ?
+
+19 And now, I pray thee, let my lord the
+king hear the words of his servant! If the
+Lord have stirred tliee up against me, then may
+he accept the savour of an offering; but if they
+be the children of men, then be they cursed
+before the Lord; because they have driven
+me out this day so that I cannot attach my-
+self on the inheritance of the Lord, saying.
+Go, serve other gods.*"
+
+20 Now, therefore, let not my blood fall to
+the earth far from the presence of the Lord;
+for the king of Israel is come out to seek a
+single flea, as one doth usually pursue a par-
+tridge on the mountains.
+
+21 Then said Saiil, I have sinned ; return,
+my son David; for I will not do thee harm
+any more, for the cause that my life was
+precious in thy .eyes this day : behold, I have
+acted foolishly, and have erred exceedingly
+much.
+
+22 And David answered and said, Behold,
+here is the king's spear! and let one of the
+young men come over and fetch it.
+
+23 And may the Lord recompense to every
+man his righteousness and his laithfulness ;
+since the Lord delivered thee into my hand
+to-day, and I would not stretch forth my
+hand against the anointed of the Lord.
+
+24 And Ijeliold, as thy lite was highly
+valued this day in my eyes, so may my lite
+be highly valued in the eyes of the Lord,
+and may he deliver me out of all tribula-
+tion.
+
+
+den to worship idols. Experience also proves, that reli-
+gion is neglected the moment men are separated from
+early associations.
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII.
+
+
+25 T[ Then said Saiil to David, Blos.sed be
+thou my son David : thou wilt both do great
+thiiii^.s, and wilt also surely prevail. And
+David went then on his way, and Saiil re-
+turned to his place.
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^ And David said in his heart. Now I
+may yet perish suddenly one day by the hand
+of Saiil ; there is nothing better for me than
+tliat I should escape at once into the land of
+the Philistines, when Saiil will abstain frona
+nie, to seek me any moi'e in all the territory
+of Israel : and so shall I escape out of his
+hand.
+
+2 And David arose, and he passed over
+himself witli the six hundred men that were
+with him unto Acliish, the son of Ma'och, the
+king of Gath.
+
+3 And David remained with Achish at
+Gath, he and his men, every man with his
+houseliold, also David with his two wives,
+Achino'am the Yizre'elitess, and Abigayil, Na-
+bal's wife, the Carmelitess.
+
+4 And when it was told unto Saiil that
+David was fled to Gath, he continued no more
+to seek for him.
+
+5 Tl And David said unto Achish, If now
+I have found grace in thy eyes, let them give
+me a place in some one of the country-towns,
+that I may dwell there; for why should thy
+servant dwell in the royal city with thee?
+
+6 Then gave Achish unto him on that day
+Ziklag : therefore hath Ziklag pertained unto
+the kings of Judah until this day.
+
+7 Tl And the number ' of the days that
+Daviil dwelt in the fields of the Philistines
+was a full year and four" months.
+
+8 And David and his men went up, and
+invaded the Geshurites, and the Gizrites, and
+the 'Amalekites; for these nations were of old
+the inhabitants of the land, till thou comest
+to Shur, and as far as the land of Egypt.
+
+9 And David smote the land, and left not
+alive either man or woman, and took away
+the flocks, and the oxen, and the asses, and
+the camels, and the apparel, and returned,
+and came to Achish.
+
+10 And Achish said, Whither have ye
+made an inroad to-day? And David said,
+
+
+* Rashi renders, "a few days above four months."
+'' Lit. "for the army," i. e. gathering the varinus divi-
+eions into an army to eoninience active war.
+
+
+Against the south of Judah, and against the
+south of the Yerachmeelites, and against the
+south of the Kenites.
+
+11 And David lett not alive either man
+or woman, to bring (them) to Gath, saying.
+That they may not tell on us, saying. So hath
+David done, and so is his custom all the days
+he hath dwelt in the fields of the Philistines.
+
+12 And Achish had confidence in David,
+saying. He hath surely spoiled his odour
+among his people, among Israel; and he will
+become unto me a servant for ever.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 Tf And it came to pass in tho.se days,
+that the Philistines gathered their camps to-
+gether for warfare,'' to fight with Israel ; and
+Achish said unto David, Thou must know
+that thou shalt go out with me into the camp,
+thou and thy men.
+
+2 And David said to Achish, By rea.son of
+this wilt thou thyself ascertain what thy ser-
+vant will do. And Achish said to David,
+Therefore will I make thee the guard of my
+head for all times.
+
+3 ^ Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel
+had lamented him, and Ijuried him in Ramah,
+even in his own city: and Saiil had remov-
+ed those that had familiar spirits, and the
+wizards, out of the land.
+
+4 And the Philistines assembled themselves
+together, and came and encamped at Shunem :
+and Saiil assembled together all Israel, and
+they encamped at Gilboii'.
+
+5 And when Saiil saw the camp of the
+Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trem-
+bled greatly.
+
+6 And Saiil asked counsel of the Lord; but
+the Lord answered him not, either by means
+of dreams, or by means of the Urim, or by
+means of the prophets.
+
+7 Then said Saiil unto his servants, Seeli
+out for me a woman that hath a familiar
+spirit,"" that I may go to her and inquire of
+her. And his servants said to him, Reliolil,
+there is a woman that hath a familiar sjiiiit
+at 'En-dor.
+
+8 And Saiil disguised himself, and put on
+other garments, and he went, he and two men
+with him, and they came to the wonnni by
+
+° Philippson, "a woman liaving the power to adjure
+the dead." 31X is rendered )iy him, Saehs, and others
+"adjurers of the dead."
+
+349
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXVIll. XXIX.
+
+
+night: and he said, Divine, I pray thee, unto
+me by the fixftiiliar spirit, and bring up for
+nie the one whom I shall say unto thee.
+
+9 And the woman said unto him. Behold,
+thou well knowest that which Saiil hath done,
+that he hath cut off those that have familiar
+spirits, and the wizards, out of the land;
+wherefore then layest thou a snare for my
+life, to cause me to die ?
+
+10 And Saiil swore to her by the Lord,
+saying, As the Lord liveth, there shall no
+guilt attach to thee for this thing.
+
+11 Then said the wonuxn, Whom shall I
+bring up for thee? And he said, Samuel thou
+must bring up for me.
+
+12 And when the woman saw Samuel, she
+cried with a loud voice : and the woman said
+to Saiil thus, Why hast thou deceived me?
+since thou art Saiil.
+
+13 And the king said unto her, Be not
+afraid; however, what hast thou seen? And
+the woman said unto Saiil, A divine being''
+have I seen ascending out of the earth.
+
+14 And he said unto her. What is his
+form? And she said. An old man is coming
+up; and he is wrapt in a mantle. And so
+Saiil perceived that it was Samuel, and he
+bowed with his face to the ground, and pros-
+trated himself
+
+15 ][ And Samuel said to Saiil, Why hast
+thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And
+Saiil answered, I am greatly distressed, and
+the Philistines make war against me, and God
+is departed from me, and hath not answered
+me any more, either by the agency of the
+prophets, or by means of dreams; wherefore
+I have called thee, to make known unto me
+what I shall do.
+
+16 Then said Samuel, And why wilt thou
+ask me, seeing the Lord is departed from
+thee, and is become thy enemy?''
+
+17 And the Lord hath done for himself as
+!ie hath spoken through my agency; and the
+Lord hath rent the government out of thy
+liand, and hath given it to thy associate, to
+David ;
+
+18 As thou didst not obey the voice of the
+Lord, and didst not execute his fierce wrath
+;ipon 'Amalek; therefore hath the Lord done
+this thing unto thee this day.
+
+
+" Hcb. D'S;' '.Txi d'hSn "i/ods have I seeu ascending,"
+n'liioh i.s till! jihii-al of majesty. (See Geu. i. 20.)
+360
+
+
+19 And the Lord will deliver also Israel
+with thee into the hand of the Philistines;
+and to-morrow shalt thou and thy sons be
+with me: also the camp of Israel will the
+Lord deliver into the hand of the Philis-
+tines.
+
+20 Then fell Saiil hastily with his full
+length to the earth, and was greatly afraid,
+because of the words of Samuel: there was
+also no strength in him; for he had not
+eaten any food all that day, and all that
+night.
+
+21 And the woman came unto Saiil, and
+saw that he was greatly terrified ; and she said
+unto him, Behold, thy hand-maid hath obeyed
+thy voice ; and I put my life in my hand, and
+hearkened unto thy words which thou spokest
+unto me.
+
+22 And now, hearken thou also, I pray
+thee, unto the voice of thy hand-maid, and let
+me set before thee a morsel of bread, and eat ;
+that thou mayest have strength when thou
+goest on the way.
+
+23 But he refused, and said, I will not eat.
+But his servants urged him much, as also the
+woman; and he hearkened unto their voice.
+So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the
+bed.
+
+24 And the woman had a fatted calf in the
+house; and she hastened, and slaughtered it,
+and took flour, and kneaded it, and baked
+unleavened bread thereof:
+
+25 And she brought it near before Saiil,
+and before his servants; and they ;tte. Then
+they rose up, and went away tliat night.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ^ Now tlie Philistines assembled to-
+gether all their camps at Aphek: and the
+Israelites encamjjed by the sj^ring which is
+by Yizre'el.
+
+2 And the lords of the Philistines passed
+on by hundreds, and by thousands; but Da-
+vid and his men passed on at the last with
+Achish.
+
+3 Then said the princes of the Philistines,
+What are these Hebrews to do? And Achish
+said unto the princes of the Philistines, Be-
+hold, this is David, the servant of Saiil the
+king of Israel, who hath been with me already
+
+
+'' Jonathan, "and now assLstcth thy enemy," i.
+David.
+
+
+i
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXIX. XXX.
+
+
+a year,"' or even years, and I have not found
+the least in him (to bhxnie) from the day of
+his joining (me) until this day?
+
+4 ^ And the princes of the Philistines
+Mere angry with him; and the princes of the
+Philistines said unto him, Cause this man
+to go back, that he may return to his place
+whither thou hast assigned him ; but he shall
+not go down with us to the battle, that he may
+not become an adversary to us in the battle;
+for wherewith conld this person reconcile him-
+self unto his master? is it not by means of
+the heads of these men ?
+
+5 Is not this David, of whom they sang
+one to another in the dances, saying, Saiil
+hath slain his thousands, and David his ten
+thousands ?
+
+6 ][ Then did Achisli call David, and say
+unto him, As the Lord liveth, (I declare)
+that thou art upright, and that thy going out
+and thy coming in with me in the camp is
+good in my eyes ; for I have not found in thee
+any evil from the day of thy coming unto me
+until this day; nevertheless in the eyes of the
+lords thou art not good.
+
+7 And now return, and go in peace, that
+thou ma^est not do any evil in the eyes of
+the lords of the Philistines.
+
+8 And David said unto Acliish, But Avhat
+have I done ? and what hast thou found in
+thy servant from the day that I have been
+before thee, until this day, that I shall not go
+to fight against the enemies of my lord the
+king ?
+
+9 And Achish answered and said to David,
+I know that thou art good in my eyes, as an
+angel of God ; nevertheless, the princes of the
+Philistines have said. He shall not go up with
+us to the Ijattle.
+
+10 And now rise up early in the morning
+with the servants of thy master that are come
+with thee : and rise then np early in the
+morning, and when ye have light, go
+away.
+
+11 And David and his men rose up early
+to go away in the morning, to return unto
+the land of the Philistines; but the Philistines
+went up to Yizre'el.
+
+
+' After S;ichs. Achish at the moment socmed iint to
+recollect the exact length of David's residence with him.
+Redak, " I have proved him in one j-ear as though he had
+been many with me."
+
+'' Lit. "spread out against," &c.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 ][ And it came to pass when David and
+his men came to Ziklag on the third day,
+that the 'Amalekites had invaded'' the south,
+and Ziklag. and smitten" Zikliig. and Iturnt it
+with tire;
+
+2 And had taken captive the Avomen that
+were therein, Ijoth great and small : the3- had
+not slain an^' one, but had led them off,
+and gone on their way.
+
+3 When therefore David and his men
+came to the city, behold, it was burnt with
+fire; and their wives, and their sons, and
+their daughters, had been taken captive.
+
+4 And David and the people that -were
+with him lifted up their voice and wept, until
+they had no more power to weep.
+
+5 And the two wives of David were also
+taken captive, Achino'am the Yizre'elitess,
+and Abigayil the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.
+
+6 And David was greatly distressed; for
+the people spoke of stoning him, Ijecause the
+soul of all the people was indjittered, every
+man for his sons and for his daughters; but
+David fortified himself in the Lord his God.
+
+7 Tl And David said to Ebyathar the
+priest, the son of Achimelech, Bring hither, I
+pray thee, unto me the epliod. And Ebyathar
+brought the ephod near unto David.
+
+8 And David asked counsel of the Lord,
+saying. Shall' I pursue aftei- this troop ? shall
+I overtake them ? And he said to him, Pur-
+sue ; for thou wilt surely overtake them, and
+certainly recover (all).
+
+9 So David went, he and the six hundred
+men that were with him, and came up to the
+brook Bessor, where those that were left be-
+hind stayed.
+
+10 But David pursued on, he and four
+hundred men; and there stayed behind two
+hundred men, who were too fatigued to go
+over the brook Bessor.
+
+11 And they found an Egyptian man in
+the field, and took him to David, and gave
+him bread, and he did eat; and they made
+him drink water;
+
+12 And they gave him a piece of a cake
+
+" " Smiting" does not mean here " killing," but de-
+stroying; since it says in the next verse that they killed
+no one.
+
+^ Sachs, " If I pursue after this tr'H'p, shall T overtake
+
+them ?"
+
+351
+
+
+1 SAMUEL XXX. XXXI.
+
+
+of figs, aud two clusters of raisins, and he ate,
+and then liis spirit returned'' to him ; for he
+had not eaten any bread, nor drunk any
+water, three days and three nights.
+
+13 Tf And David said unto him. To whom
+Ijelongest thou ? and whence art thou ? And
+he said, I am a young Egyptian man, the
+servant to an ' Amalekite ; and my master left
+me behind, because I fell sick, to-day three
+days ago.
+
+14 We made an invasion upon the south
+of the Kerethites,'' and upon that which be-
+longeth to Judali, and upon the south of
+Caleb; and Ziklag did we burn with fire.
+
+15 And David said to him, Wilt thou bring
+me down to this troop ? And he said, Swear
+unto me by God, that thou wilt not kill me,
+and that thou wilt not surrender me into the
+hand of my master, and then will I bring
+thee down to this troop.
+
+IG Aud he brought him down; and behold
+they were scattered over the face of all the
+country, eating and drinking, and dancing for
+joy, because of all the great spoil which they
+had taken out of tlie land of the Philistines,
+and out of the land of Judah.
+
+17 And David smote them from the twi-
+light even unto the evening of the next day :
+and there escaped not a man of them, save
+four hundred young men, who rode upon
+camels, and fled.
+
+18 And David recovei'ed all that the
+'Amalekites had taken away; aud his two
+wives also did David rescue.
+
+19 And there was nothing missing to them,
+from small to great, as also sons and daugh-
+ters, and spoil, down to every thing that they
+had taken from them: the whole did David
+bring back.
+
+20 And David took all the flocks and the
+herds:" these they drove before those other
+cattle, and said. This is David's spoil.
+
+21 And David came to the two hundred
+men, Avho had been too fatigued to fol-
+low after David, and whom they had left to
+remain at the brook Bessor: and they Aveut
+
+
+* i. e. He revived from a comparative state of insensi-
+bility.
+
+'' /. c. The Philistines, so called because they probably
+came as a colony f|;om Krete, now Candia.
+
+° Joseph Kimchi explains the vorse as moaning that
+David took, as natural, the other cattle found with the
+'Amalekites, besides his own, and thi.s, as " the spoil of
+352
+
+
+forth to meet David, and to meet the people
+that were with him ; and David came near to the
+peojDle, and asked them after their well-ljeing.
+
+22 *i\ Then exclaimed every wicked and
+worthless man, of those that had gone Avith
+David, and said, Because they went not with
+us, we will not give them aught of the spoil
+that we have recovered, save to every man
+his wife and his children, and these the}' may
+lead away, and go.
+
+23 Then said David, Ye must not do so,
+my brethren; since'' the Lord hath given us
+this, and guarded us, and delivered the troop
+that came against us into our hand.
+
+24 And who will heai'keu unto you in this
+matter? but as is the part of him that went
+down to the battle, so shall be the part of
+him that remained with the baggage : together
+must they share.
+
+25 T[ And it happened from that day and
+forward, that he made it a statute aud an
+ordinance for Israel until this day.
+
+26 ][ And when David came to Ziklag, he
+sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah, to
+his friends, saying. Behold, here is a present"
+for you from the spoil of the enemies of the
+LOKU :
+
+27 To those who were in Beth-el, and to
+those who were in south Ramoth, and to those
+who were in Yattir,
+
+28 Aud to those who were in 'Aro'er, aud
+to those who were in Siphmoth, and to those
+who were in Eshtemoa',
+
+29 Aud to those who were in Rachal, and
+to those -who were in the cities of the Yerach-
+meelites, aud to those who were in the cities
+of the Kenites,
+
+30 Aud to those who wei'e in Chormah,
+aud to those who were in Kor-'ashan, and to
+those who were in 'Athach,
+
+31 Aud to those who were in Hebron. ;iud
+to all the places wliere David himself aud his
+men had wandered about.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 T[ Now the Philistines fought against
+
+David," was put in advance of the recovered property.
+Rashi renders un: "men led the way before the captured
+cattle, and said," &c.
+
+" After the Massorah. Others, " with that which the
+Lord hath given us, when ho preserved," &c.
+
+° Heb. "blessing;" so called from the oft'ects it has on
+the receiver, and being a token of good-will of the giver.
+
+
+I
+
+
+2 SAMUEL I.
+
+
+Israel ; and the men of Israel fled from before
+the riiilistines, and there fell down (many)
+slain on mount Gilboii'.
+
+2 And the Philistines overtook Saiil and
+his sons; and the Philistines smote Jonathan,
+and Abinadab, and Malkishua', the sons of
+Saul.
+
+3 And the battle was heavy against Saiil,
+and he was found by the archers, the men
+Avith bows; and he was greatly in dread of
+the archers.
+
+4 And Saiil said unto his armour-bearer,
+Draw thy sword, and thrust me through
+therewith; lest these uncircumcised come
+and thrust me through, and wantonly ill-use
+me. But his armour-bearer would not; for
+he was greatly afraid ; wherefore Saiil took
+tlie sword, and fell upon it.
+
+5 And when his armour-bearer saw that
+Saiil was dead, then fell he likewise upon
+his sword, and died with him.
+
+G Thus died Saiil, and his three sons, and
+his armour-bearer, also all his men, on that
+same day together.
+
+7 And when the men of Israel that were
+on the other side of the valley, and those
+that were on the other side of the Jordan,
+
+
+saw that the men of Israel had tied, and that
+Saiil and his sons had died : they forsook the
+cities, and fled away; and the Philistines
+came and dwelt in them.
+
+8 Tf And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that the Philistines came to strip the slain ;
+and they found iSaiil and his three sons fallen
+on mount Gilboa'.
+
+9 And they cut off his head, and stri[)[)ed
+off his armour, and sent it into the land of
+the Philistines round about, to ])ublish it in
+the house of their idols, and among the jjeo-
+ple.
+
+10 And they put his armour in the house
+of 'Ashtaroth; and his body they fastened to
+the wall of Beth-shan.
+
+11 And when the inhaliitants of Yaliesh-
+gifad heard concerning him that which the
+Philistines had done to Saiil :
+
+12 Then arose all the valiant men, and
+walked all the night, and took the body of
+Saiil and the bodies of his sons from the wall
+of Beth-shan, and they came to Yabesh, and
+burnt them" there.
+
+13 And they took their bones, and buried
+them under the tamarisk-tree at Yabesh, and
+they fasted seven days.
+
+
+THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL,
+
+CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF DAVID'S REIGN OVER ISRAEL.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ Now it came to pass after the death
+of Saiil, when David was returned from smit-
+ing the 'Amalekites, that David abode in
+Ziklag two days.
+
+2 And it came to pass on the third day,
+that, Ijehold, a man came out of the camp
+from Saiil with his clothes rent, and earth
+
+
+* After .Jonathan, we should translate, "they burnt for
+them (their armour and spears) as they formerly did for a
+
+
+upon his head : and it happened, when he
+came to David, that he fell to the earth, and
+prostrated him.self
+
+8 And David said unto him. From wliere
+comest thou? And he said imto him. Out of
+the camp of Israel am I esca]ied.
+
+4 And David said unto him, What took
+place there? I pray thee, tell me. And he
+said, That the people are fled from the
+
+
+king;" this would recuueile tlie next verse. Or perhaps
+the flesh was burnt, and the bones kept for burial.
+
+353
+
+
+2 SAMUEL I.
+
+
+battle, and that also many of the people are
+fallen and have died; and that also Saiil and
+Jonathan his son are dead.
+
+5 And David said unto the young man
+that told hiin, How knowest thou that Saiil
+is dead as also Jonathan his son ?
+
+G And the young man that told him said,
+I happened entirely by chance to be upon
+mount fiilboil', when, behold, there was Saiil
+leaning upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots
+and horsemen had overtaken him.
+
+7 And he turned round, and he saw me,
+and called unto me. And I said, Here am I.
+
+8 And he said unto me, Who art thou?
+And I answered him, An 'Amalekite am T.
+
+9 And he said unto me, Place thyself, I
+pray thee, by me, and slay me; for a mortal
+tremour" liath seized on me, although my life
+is yet whole in me.
+
+10 So I placed myself by him, and slew
+him, because I was sure that he could not
+live after his foil;'' and I took the crown that
+was upon his head, and the bracelet that was
+on his arm, and I have brought them unto
+my lord hither.
+
+11 David thereupon took hold of his clothes,
+and rent them ; and (so did) likewise all the
+men that were with him :
+
+12 And they lamented, and wept, and
+fasted until the evening, for Saiil, and for
+Jonatlian his son, and for the people of the
+Lord, and for the house of Israel; because
+they were fallen by the sword.
+
+13 ^f And David said unto the young man
+that told him. Whence art thou ? And he said.
+The son of a stranger, an 'Amalekite, am I.
+
+14 And David said unto him. How wast
+thou not afraid to stretcli forth thy hand to
+destroy the Lord's anointed?
+
+
+' After Jonathan. Philippson, "agony of death."
+Sachs, "craniji." Others, "convulsion." Still all these
+shades have at lengtli the same meauiug, and express
+" the shrinking of the muscles of the body from fear or
+imminent danger."
+
+" Whether the 'Amalekite here alludes to the falling
+of Saiil on his sword, by which he did not die at once, or
+whether he refers to his fall from authority, canuot be ascer-
+tained; so also whether his story was a pure invention,
+or the truth. At least, he robbed the body of the royal
+insignia.
+
+" llaslii says that since the mighty archers had fallen,
+it would be necessary that Judah should practise this
+weapon, which the Philistines wielded so formidably.
+(Jthers transhite, " the song of the bow," /. <;. this lament-
+ation in which the archer Jonathan is celebrated, and
+364
+
+
+15 And David called one of thp young
+men, and said. Come near, and fall upon him.
+And he smote him that he died.
+
+16 And David said unto him, Thy blood
+is. upon thy own head; for thy mouth hath
+testified against thee, saying, I myself have
+slain the Lord's anointed.
+
+17 ^ And David lamented with this lament-
+ation over Saiil and over Jonathan his son :
+
+18 And he said, That the children of Ju-
+dali sliould be taught the bow f behold it is
+written in the book of Yashar.
+
+19 O beauty of Israel! upon the high
+places slain : hoAV are the mighty fallen !
+
+20 Tell it not in Gath, puljlish it not in
+the streets of Ashkelon; that the daughters
+of the Philistines may not be glad, that the
+daughters of the uucircumcised may not re-
+joice.
+
+21 0 mountains of Gilboii', no dew, nor
+rain be upon you, nor fields of oflei'ings; for
+there the shield of the mighty was stained,''
+the shield of Saiil, as though it° had not Ijeen
+anointed with oil.
+
+22 From the blood of the slain, from the
+fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan
+turned never back, and the sword of Saiil
+never returned empty.
+
+23 Saiil and Jonathan, the beloved and the
+dear in their lives, were even in their death
+not divided: more than eagles were they
+swift, more than lions were they strong.
+
+24 0 daughters of Israel, weep for Said,
+who clothed you in scarlet, with beautiful'
+dres,ses, who put on ornaments of gold upon
+your apparel.
+
+25 How are the mighty fallen in the midst
+of the battle ! 0 Jonathan, on th}- high places
+slain.
+
+that it was preserved in the book of Yasher, mentioned
+also in Joshua x. 13.
+
+'' Rendered as in Lam. iv. 14, and means, " The shield
+is stained with the blood of those who bore it."
+
+'■ After Kalbag, referring the ITtyo "to shield," "as
+though it had not been anointed before the battle to ward
+off the shafts hurled against it." Others, "as though he
+(Saiil) had not been," &c. Others think that the ancients
+oiled their shields when they were laid by ; but that
+when in use it needed not this precaution to guard tlieni
+against rust; and they translate, "the shield of Saiil,
+wiiich did not need the anointing."
+
+' D'Jl> after Redak, who comments that whatever
+gives delight is called np, hence properly applied to fe-
+male dress. Philippson, " to cause pleasure," /'. c the
+dress of scarlet spoken of.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL II.
+
+
+26 I am distressed for thee, my brother
+Jonathan; very dear hast thou been unto
+me : wonderful Avas thy love for me, passing
+the love of women.
+
+27 How are the mighty fallen, and lost
+the instruments of war !
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 *|[ And it came to pass after this, that
+DaA'id asked counsel of the Lord, saying.
+Shall I go up into one of the cities of Jiidah?
+And the Lord said unto him, Go up. And
+David said. Whither shall I go up? And he
+said, Unto Hebron.
+
+2 So David went up thither, and his two
+wives also, Achino'am the Yizre'elitess, and
+Abiga_vil Nabal's wife the Carmelite.
+
+3 And his men that were witli him did
+David bring up, every man with his house-
+hold; and the_y dwelt in the cities of
+Hebron.
+
+4 And then came the men of Judah, and
+they anointed there David as king over the
+house of Judah. And they told David, say-
+ing. The men of Yabesh-gil'ad were those
+that buried Saiil.
+
+5 ][ And David thereupon sent messengers
+unto the men of Yabesh-gil'ad, and said unto
+them, Blessed be ye of the Lord, that ye have
+done this kindness unto your lord, unto Saiil,
+and have buried him.
+
+6 And now may the Lord deal with you
+in kindness and truth: and as for me also, I
+will requite you this good deed, because ye
+have done this thing.
+
+7 And now let your hands be strengthened,
+and be ye valiant men; for your lord Saiil is
+dead; and also me have the house of Judah
+anointed as king over them.
+
+8 ^ But Abner, the son of Ner, the captain
+of the army of Saiil, took Ish-boshcth the son
+of Saiil, and brought him over to Machanayim ;
+
+9 And made him king over Gil'ad, and over
+the Ashurites," and over Yizre'el, and over
+Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all
+Israel.
+
+10 Tl Forty years old was Ish-bosheth the
+son of Saiil, when he became jjing over Is-
+rael, and two yeai's ho reigned. But the
+house of Judah tijUowed David.
+
+11 And the number of days that David
+
+* Jonathan, " Asher."
+
+
+was king in Hebron over the house of Judah
+was seven years and six months.
+
+12 ^ And there went out Al)ner the son
+of Ner, and the servants of Ish-bosheth the
+son of Saiil, IVoin Machanayim to Gib'on.
+
+13 And Joiib the son of Zeruyah and the
+servants of David .also went out, and they
+met together Ijy the pool of Gib'on: and tluy
+sat down, these on the one side of the pool,
+and the others on the other side of the
+pool.
+
+14 And Abner said to Joiib, Do let the
+young men rise up and play before us. And
+Joiib said, They may rise up.
+
+15 Then tlie}" rose up and went over by
+numlxT: twelve for Benjamin, and lor Ish-
+bosheth the son of Saiil, and twelve of the
+servants of David.
+
+10 And they grasped every one his fellow
+by the head, and thrust his sword in his tid-
+low's side; and they fell down together:
+wherefore that place was called Chelkath-
+hazzurim,'' which is Ijy Gib'on.
+
+17 And the battle was exceedingly fierce
+on that d;iy; and Abner with the men of
+Israel was beaten, before the servants of
+David.
+
+18 And there were at that place three st)ns
+of Zeruyah, Joiib, and Abishai, and 'Asahel :
+and 'Asahel was as Heet of foot as any roe in
+the field.
+
+19 And 'Asahel pursued after Abner; and
+he turned not in going to the right hand or
+to the left from following Abner.
+
+20 And Abner turned round and said, Art
+thou 'Asahel? And he answered, 1 am.
+
+21 And Abner said to him. Turn thee
+aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay
+hold for thyself on one of the young men, and
+take thyself his armour. But 'Asahel would
+not turn aside from following him.
+
+22 And Abner repeated again to say unto
+'Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me:
+Avherefore should I smite thee to the ground?
+and how should I then lift up my face to
+Joiib thy brotlier?
+
+23 But he refused to turn aside; and Abner
+smote him with the hinder end of the spear
+under the fifth rib. so that the spear came out
+I jehind him ; and he lell down there, and died
+on the spot : and it came to pass, that all who
+
+^ i. c. "The field of strong men," ur "of sharp swords."
+
+355
+
+
+2 SAMUEL II. III.
+
+
+cixme to the place where 'Asahel had fallen
+down and died remained standing still.
+
+24 But Joab and Abiishai pursued after
+Abner: and the sun went down when they
+were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth
+before Giach on the way to the wilderness of
+Gib'on.
+
+25 And the children of Benjamin assem-
+bled themselves together Ix'hind Abner, and
+formed one solid body, and posted themselves
+on the top of a certain hill.
+
+26 And Abner called to Joab, and said,
+Shall for everlasting the sword devour?
+knowest thou not that it will be bitter in tlie
+end? and how long shall it be, ere thou wilt
+bid the people to return from pursuing their
+brethren ?
+
+27 And Joilb said, As God liveth, unless
+thou hadst spoken, surely then already in the
+morning would the people have gone away
+every one from pursuing his brother.
+
+28 So Joab blew the cornet, and all the
+people i"emained standing still, and pursued
+no more after Israel, and they continued no
+more to fight.
+
+29 And Abner and his men walked through
+the plain all that night, and they passed over
+the Jordan, and went through all Bithron,
+and they came to Machanayim.
+
+30 And Joiib returned from pursuing Ab-
+ner; and he gathered all the people together;
+and there were missed of David's servants
+nineteen men and 'Asahel.
+
+31 But the servants of David had smitten
+(many) of Benjamin, and of Abnei''s men:
+three hundred and sixty men died.
+
+32 And they took up 'Asahel, and buried
+him in the sepulchre of his fother, which was
+in Beth-lechem. And Joilb and his men went
+all that night, and the day broke on them at
+Hebron.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 And the war last<'d a, long time between
+the house of Saul and the house of David;
+but David became continually stronger and
+stronger, and the house of Saiil became con-
+tinually weaker and weaker.
+
+2 ][ And there were liorn unto David sons
+in Hebron : and liis first-born was Amnon, of
+Achino'am the Yizre'elitess;
+
+
+Eashi. Oilioi>
+35fi
+
+
+" lield fast on the liouso of Saiil."
+
+
+3 And his second was Kilab, of Abigayil
+the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the
+third, Abshalom, the son of Ma'achah the
+daughter of Talmai the king of Geshur;
+
+4 And the fourth, Adoni3'ah, the son of
+Chaggith; and the fifth, Shephatyah, the son
+of Abital ;
+
+5 And the sixth, Yithre'am, by 'Eglah,
+David's wife. These were born to Da\i(l in
+Hebron.
+
+6 T[ And it came to pass, while the war
+lasted Ijetween the house of Saiil and the
+house of David, that Abner upheld" with all
+his strength the house of Saiil.
+
+7 And Saiil had a concubine, whose name
+was Rizpah, the daughter of Ayah : and Ish-
+bosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou
+gone in mito my flither's concubine?
+
+8 And Abner became very wroth because
+of the words of Ish-bosheth, and said. Am I
+the chief of the dogs'' which belong to Judah ?
+unto this day have I shown kindness unto
+the house of Saiil thy father, to his brothers,
+and to his friends, and have not delivered
+thee into the hand of David; and yet thou
+chargest me to-day with a wrong committed
+with this woman?
+
+9 May God do so to Abner, and continue
+to do yet more to him, that, as the Lokd hath
+sworn to David, even so will I surely do to
+him ;
+
+10 To transfer the kingdom from the house
+of Saiil, and to establish the throne of David
+over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even
+to Beer-sheba'.
+
+11 And he could not answer Abner a word
+more in reply, because of his fear of him.
+
+12 11 And Abner sent messengers' to Da-
+vid on his behalf, saying. Whose is the land?
+saying (also,) Make thy covenant with me,
+aiid, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to
+bring round unto thee all Israel.
+
+13 And he said, Well: I will indeed make
+a covenant with thee; but one thing I require
+of thee, namely, Thou shalt not see my face,
+except thou first bring Michal Saiifs daughter,
+when thou comest to see my face.
+
+14 II Au(4 David sent messengers to Ish-
+bosheth, the son of Saiil, saying, Give u[) to
+me my wife Michal, whom I espoused to ni'i
+for a iiuudred foreskins of the Philistine.-.
+
+
+" H;ishi, ":\iii I tlic (.-liicf I'f tlie dog-kccpoi-.s,
+
+
+"&C.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL lit.
+
+
+15 And Ish-bosheth sent, and took her from
+the man, from Paltiel tlie son of Layish.
+
+IG And her husband went with her going
+along and weeping behind her as far as Ba-
+ehurim: wlien Abner said unto liim, Go, re-
+turn. And he returned.
+
+17 ^ And Abner had used these words
+witli the elders of Israel, saying, Already yes-
+terday and even before ^^e have been desiring
+David as king o\er you :
+
+18 And now do it; for the Lord hath said
+of David thus, By the hand of my servant
+David will 1 save my people Israel out of the
+hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand
+of all their enemies.
+
+1!) And Abner also spoke in the ears of
+Benjauiiu; and Abner went also to speak in
+tlie ears of David in Hebron all that seei]ied
+good in the eyes of Israel, and in the eyes
+of the whole house of Benjamin.
+
+20 And Abner came to David to IIel>ron.
+and with him were twenty men; and David
+made for Abner and for the men that were
+with him a feast.
+
+21 And Abner said unto David, I will now
+arise and go, and I will assemble unto my
+lord the king all Israel, that they may make
+a covenant with thee, and that thou mayest
+reign over all that thy soul longeth for. And
+David dismissed Abner: and he went in peace.
+
+22 And, behold, the servants of David
+and Joilb came from a predatory excursion,
+and brought in much booty with them; but
+Abner was no more with David in Hebron ;
+for he had dismissed him, and he was gone
+in peace.
+
+2.3 When Joalj and all the army that was
+with him were come, they told Joiib, saying,
+Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and
+he hath dismissed him, and he is gone in
+peace.
+
+21 Then came Joab to the king, and said,
+What hast thou done? behold, Abner came
+unto thee : why is it that thou hast dismissed
+him, that he went fi-eely away?
+
+25 Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner,
+that to deceive thee did he come, and to
+know thy going out and thy coming in, and
+to know all that thou art doing.
+
+2G And Joilb went out from David, and he
+sent messengers after Abner, who brought
+him back from the well of Sirah ; but David
+knew it not.
+
+
+I 27 And when .Miner was rctinned to He-
+bron, Joiib took him aside in the gate to
+speak with him in private; and he smote him
+there under the fifth rib, and he died, for the
+blood of 'Asahel his brother.
+
+28 And wdien David heard it afterward,
+he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless be-
+fore the Lord for ever of the blood of Aljner
+the son of Ner :
+
+29 May it rest on the head of Jo;d:>, and
+on all his fither's house; and may there not
+fail from the house of Joiib one that hath an
+issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a
+crutch, or that falleth by the sword, or that
+lacketh bread.
+
+oO But Joiib and Abishai his brother slew
+Abner, because he had killed their brother
+'Asahel at Gib'on in the battle.
+
+31 And David said to Joiib, and to all the
+people that were with him. Bend your clothes,
+and gird 3'ourselves with sackcloth, and (go)
+mourning before Abner. And kinij David
+walked behind the bier.
+
+32 And they buried Abner in Hebron :
+and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at
+the grave of Abner ; and all the people wept.
+
+33 ^ And the king lamented over Abner,
+and said, O, that Abner had to die, as the
+worthless dieth !
+
+31 Thy hands were not bound, and thy
+feet were not put into fetters : as one falleth
+before men of wickedness art thou fiillen.
+And all the people w'cpt again over him.
+
+35 And all the people came to cause David
+to eat food while it was 3'et day; but David
+swore, saying. So do God to me, and thus
+may he continue, if before the sun be down I
+taste bread, or the least else.
+
+36 And all the people took notice of it,
+and it was pleasing in their eyes : as wdiatso-
+ever the king did was pleasing in the eyes of
+all the people.
+
+37 And all the people and all Israel under-
+stood on that day that it had not l)een of the
+king to slay Abner the son of Ner.
+
+38 T[ And the king said unto his servants,
+Know ye not that a prince and a great man
+hath fallen this day in Israel?
+
+39 And I am this day yet weak, and just
+anointed king; and these men, the sons of
+Zeruyah, are too strong for me : may the Lord
+pay the doer of evil according to his wicked-
+ness.
+
+357
+
+
+2 SAMUEL IV. V.
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+1 ][ And when Saiil's son heard that Ab-
+ner had died in Hebron, liis hands became
+enfeebled, and all the Israelites were troubled.
+
+2 And Saul's son had two men who were
+captains of bands ; the name of the one was
+Ba'anah, and the name of the other Rechab,
+the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, of the
+children of Benjamin; (for Beeroth also was
+reckoned to Benjamin:
+
+3 And the Beerothites had fled to Gittayim,
+and remained sojourners there until this
+day.)
+
+4 ^ And Jonathan, Saiil's son, had a son
+that was lame on both feet. He was five
+years old when the tidini^s came of Saiil and
+Jonathan from Yizre'el, and his nurse took
+him up and fled : and it came to pass, in her
+haste to flee, that he fell, and was rendered
+lame. And his name was Mephibosheth.
+
+5 And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite,
+Rechab and Ba'anah, went, and came at tlie
+heat of the day to the house of Ish-bosheth,
+who was just lying in bed as usual at noon."
+
+6 And they came thither into the interior
+of the house, as buyers of wheat; and they
+smote him under the fifth rib: and Rechab
+and Ba'anah his brother escaped.
+
+7 Namely, they came into the house, while
+he was lying on his bed in his sleeping-cham-
+ber, and they smote him, and slew him, and
+cut ofl' his head, and took his head, and went
+by the Avay of the plain all the niglit.
+
+8 And they brought the head of Ish-bosheth
+unto David to Hebron, and they said to the
+king. Behold, here is the head of Ish-bosheth
+the son of Saiil thy enemy, who sought tliy
+life: and the Lord hath granted to my lord
+the king vengeance this day on Saiil, and on
+his seed.
+
+9 But David answered Rechab and Ba-
+'anah his brother, the sons of Rimmon the
+Beerothite, and said unto them. As the Loud
+liveth, who hath redeemed my soul out of all
+adversity,
+
+10 When one told me, saying. Behold,
+Saiil is dead, and he was in his own eyes as
+
+* It is customary, in all hot countries, to travel or work
+very early and very late, anil to rest at noon, at which
+time the heat most prevails.
+
+'' The meaning probably is that the fort was so strong,
+that even the bliud and lame could keep an enemy nut.
+868
+
+
+though lie brought good tidings, I took hold
+of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who (thought)
+that I should give him a reward for his tid-
+ings :
+
+11 How much more, when wicked men
+have slain a righteous man in his own house
+upon his bed? and now, behold, I will require
+his blood of your hand, and I will remove
+you away from the earth.
+
+12 And David gave the command to the
+young men, and they slew them, and cut off
+their hands and their feet, and hanged them
+up by the pool in Hebron. But the head of
+Ish-bosheth they took, and buried it in the
+sepulchre of Abner in Hebron.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 Tf Then came all the tribes of Israel to
+David unto Hebron, and spoke, saying. Be-
+hold us, thy lione and thy flesh are we;
+
+2 Already yesterday, and even before, when
+Saiil was king over us, thou wast the one
+that led out and brought in Israel :
+
+^ And the Lord said to thee, Thou shall
+indeed feed my people Israel, and thou shalt
+be a chief over Israel.
+
+3 Tlius came all the elders of Israel to the
+king unto Hebron ; and king David made a
+covenant with them in Hebron before the
+Lord : and they anointed David as king over
+Israel.
+
+4 ]| Thirty years was David old when he
+became king, (and) forty years he reigned.
+
+5 In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven
+years and six months : and in Jerusalem he
+reigned thirty and three years over all Israel
+and Judah.
+
+6 And the king and his men went to Jeru-
+salem against the Jebusites, the inh;d)itants
+of the land; who said unto David, as Ibllow-
+eth. Thou shalt not come in hither, except
+thou (flrst) remove away the blind'' and the
+lame : meaning, David cannot come in hither.
+
+7 Nevertheless David captured the strong-
+hold of Zion : the same is the city of David.
+
+8 And David said on that day. Whosoever
+will smite the Jebusites, and reach the aque-
+duct" and* the lame and the blind, that are
+
+° Some render iijs " the gutter pipe," through which
+the rain-water is led off from th(! roof. Others view it as
+a subterranean passage. Jonathan, " and will succeed to
+conquer the fort."
+
+'' Here should be supplied "smite," or "remove."
+
+
+2 SAMUEL V. VT.
+
+
+hateful to David's soul," — Wherefore people''
+nsHallj say. The blind and the lame shall not
+come into the house.
+
+9 And David dwelt in the fort, and he
+called it -The City of David." And Davi.l
+built (it) round about from the JNIillo and in-
+ward.
+
+10 And Da\i(l went on, and became greater
+atid greater, and the Lord the God of hosts
+was with him.
+
+11 ^1 And Hiram the king of Tyre sent
+messengers to David, and cedai'-trees, and
+carpenters, and stone-masons; and they built
+a house for David.
+
+12 And David felt conscious that the
+Lord had established him as king over Israel,
+and that he had exalted his kingdom for the
+sake of his people Israel.
+
+13 ^ And David took yet more concubines
+and wives out of Jerusalem, after he Avas
+come from Hebron; and there were born to
+David yet (more) sons and daughters.
+
+14 And these are the names of those that
+were born unto him in Jerusalem : Shammua',
+and Sholjab, and Nathan, and Solomon,"
+
+15 And Yibchar, and Elishua', and Ne-
+pheg, and Yaphia',
+
+16 And Elishama', and Elyada', and Eli-
+phelet.
+
+17 ]| But when the Philistines heard that
+the people had anointed David as king over
+Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek
+David : and David heard of it, and went down
+to the strong-hold.
+
+18 The Philistines also came and spread
+themselves out in the valley of Eepha'im.
+
+19 And David asked counsel of the Lord,
+saying, Shall I go up against the Philistines?
+wilt thou deliver them into my hand?
+
+"If And the Lord said unto David, Go up;
+for I will certainly deliver the Philistines
+into thy hand.
+
+20 And David came to Ba'al-perazim, and
+David smote them thei'e, and said, The Lord
+hath broken down my enemies before me, as
+a breach (is made by) water. Wherefore he
+
+
+" The ellipsis is supplied in 1 Chron. xi. 6, ''Whoever
+smitetb the Jebusites at the first shall he head and chief "
+
+*■ ('. e. People have the proverb, The blind and lame are
+poor defenders.
+
+° Correctly, Shdonioh.
+
+^ After Jonathan. (See 1 Chron xiv. 12.) But, lit.
+"carried them away." ' Or, Kiryath-ye'arim.
+
+
+called the name of tbat place Ba'al-pera-
+zim.
+
+21 And they left behind there their idols,
+and David and his men burnt'' them.
+
+22 ^1 And the Philistines came up once
+again, and spread themselves out in the valley
+of Rephaim.
+
+23 And when David asked counsel of the
+Lord, lie said, Thou shalt not go up; Init
+turn al)out and fall in the rear of them, and
+come upon them opposite to the mnlljerry-
+trees.
+
+24 And it shall be, when thou hearest the
+soinid of walking on the tup of the mulberry-
+trees, that tli(ju shalt then bestir thyself; for
+then will the Lord go out before thee, to smite
+in the camp of the Philistines.
+
+25 And David did so, as tiie Lord had
+commanded him ; and he smote the Philis-
+tines from Gel)a' until thou contest to Gezer.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ A)id David assembled again all the
+chosen men of Israel, thirty thousand.
+
+2 And David arose, and went with all the
+people who were with him from Ba'ale-yehu-
+dah,' to bring up from there the ark of God,
+the name of which was callecF by the name of
+the Lord of hosts, thatdwelleth over the che-
+rubim.
+
+3 And they conveyed the ark of God in a
+new wagon, and brought it out of the house
+of Abinadab that was on the hill; and "Uzzah
+and Acliyo, the sons of Abinadab, guided tiie
+new wagon.
+
+4 When they brought it out of the house
+of Abinadab which was on the hill, (they were)
+near the ark of God ; but Achyo went before
+the ark.
+
+5 And David and all the house of Israel
+played' before the Lord on all manner of in-
+struments made of fir-woocl, and on harps,
+and on psalteries, and on tambourines, and
+with bells, and with cyanbals.
+
+0 And when they came to the threshing-
+floor of Nachon, 'Uzzah put forth (his hand)
+
+
+' Philippson, " on which was proclaimed the N.'VME,
+the name of the Eternal of hosts who dwelleth between
+the cherubim." Some Rabbins, " throiigli which the name,
+the name of the Lord of hosts was made known."
+
+* Aruheim renders, "Danced before the Lord, witii all
+manner of cypress-branches, (in their hands,) and played,"
+&c.
+
+359
+
+
+2 SAMUEL VI. VII.
+
+
+to the ark of (UA, and took hold of it; for the
+oxen shook" it.
+
+7 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against 'Uzzah; and God smote him there for
+tjie error; and he died there by the ark of
+God.
+
+8 And it was grievous to David, because
+the Lord had suddenly'' taken away 'Uzzah ;
+and he called that place Perez-'uzzah [Breach
+of 'Uzzah] until this day.
+
+9 And David Avas afraid of the Lord on
+that day, and said. How shall the ark of the
+Lord come to me?
+
+10 So David would not allow to have the
+ark of the Lord removed unto him into the
+city of David; but David had it carried round
+into the house of 'Obed-edom the Gittite.
+
+11 And tlie ark of the Lord remained in
+the house of 'Obed-edom the Gittite thi'ee
+months: and the Lord blessed 'Obed-edom,
+and all his household.
+
+12 And it was told to king David, say-
+ing, The Lord hath blessed the house of
+Obed-edom, and all that pertaineth unto him,
+because of the ark of God: and David then
+went and brought i;p the ark of God from
+the house of 'Obed-edom into the city of
+David with joy.
+
+13 And it happened, that when the bearers
+of the ark of the Lord had progressed six
+paces, he sacrificed an ox and a fatling.
+
+14 And David danced with all his might
+before the Lord; and David was girded with
+a linen ephod.
+
+15 So David and all the house of Israel
+brought up the ark of the Lord with shouting,
+and with the sound of the cornet.
+
+IG And it happened, as the ark of the
+Lord came into the city of David, that
+Michal the daughter of Saiil looked through
+the window, and saw king David leaping
+and dancing before the Lord; and she despised
+him in her heart.
+
+17 And they brought in the ark of the
+Lord, and set it in its place, in the midst of
+
+
+'"The oxen had brolcpn loose." — Joel Briel and
+others. I'hilippson, " had jumped sideward."
+
+' Lit. "made a breaeh on 'Uzzah."
+
+° After Ilashi. Others render, " I will yet farther play
+before him, should I be yet more despised than now, (for
+toward him I also am reckoned as nothing,) yea, even
+with the maid-servants of whom thou hast spoken, would
+I ho honoured thereby;" which would say, that the king
+;iCO
+
+
+the tent that David had pitched for it: and
+David offered burn t-oflfo rings before the Lord
+and peace-offerings.
+
+18 And when David had made an end of
+offering the burnt-ofierings and the peace-
+offerings, he blessed the people in the name
+of the Lord of hosts.
+
+19 And he dealt out to all the people, to
+the whole multitude of Israel, to both men
+and women, to every person one cake of
+bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon
+of wine: and all the people departed every
+one to his house.
+
+20 And David then returned to ])less his
+household.
+
+^ But Michal the daughter of Saiil came
+out to meet David, and she said. How
+honoured was to-day the king of Israel, who
+uncovered himself to-day before the eyes of
+the handmaids of his servitnts, as only one of
+the low fellows can uncover himself!
+
+21 And David said unto Michal, Before
+the Lord, who chose me before thy father,
+and before all his house, to ordain me ruler
+over the people of the Lord, over Israel: —
+yea, before the Lord will I yet farther play.
+
+22 And should I be yet more vile" than
+thus, and should I be base in my own eyes:
+yet among the maid-servants of whom thou
+hast spoken, yea, among them would I still be
+honoured.
+
+23 And Michal the daughter of Saiil had
+no child until the day of her death.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, when the king
+dwelt in his house, and the Lord had given
+him rest round about from all his enemies;
+
+2 That the king said unto Nathan the jjro-
+phet. See now, I dwell in a house of cedar,
+v^hile the ark of God dwelleth within cur-
+tains.''
+
+3 And Nathan said to the king, All that
+is in thy heart go and do ; for the Lord is
+with tliee.
+
+
+of Israel, in humbling himself before God, would not lose
+the respect of the humblest of his people. Arnheim ren-
+ders, " and I would yet be more vile than thus, and would
+be base in my own eyes, if of the maid-servants of whom
+thou hast spoken, I should seek fur honour;" and consi-
+ders it as a satirical expression, that David would indeed be
+vile were he to seek for praise from the lowest classes.
+■^ i. f. A simple tent.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL VII.
+
+
+4 ^[ And it came to ])ass during that night,
+^f That the word of the Lord came unto
+Nathan, saving,
+
+0 Go and say unto my servant, unto David,
+Thus hath said the Lord. Wilt thou indeed
+build uie a house for my dwelling?
+
+6 For I have not dwelt in a house since
+the day that I brought up the children of
+Israel out of Egypt, even until this day; but
+have been moving about in a tent and in a
+tabernacle.
+
+7 In all the places wliere I moved about
+among all the children of Israel, did I speak
+a word to any one" of the tribes of Israel,
+whom I ordained to feed my people Israel,
+saying, Why have ye not built for me a house
+of cedar ?
+
+8 Now therefore, thus shalt thou say unto
+my servant, to David, Thus hath said the
+Lord of hosts, I took thee from tlie sheep-
+cote, from behind the Hocks, to be a ruler
+over my people, over Israel ;
+
+9 And I have been with thee whithersoever
+thou didst go, and I have cut off all thy ene-
+mies from thy presence, and I have made
+thee a great name, like the name of the great
+who are on the earth ;
+
+10 And I have procured a place for my
+people, for Isi-ael, and I have planted them,
+that they may dwell in a place of tlieir own,
+and be no more troubled; and that the
+children of wickedness shall not afflict them
+any more as aforetimes,
+
+11 And (as it was) since the day that I
+ordained judges to be over my people Israel;
+and'' I have caused thee to rest from all thy
+enemies; and the Lord telleth thee that he,
+the Lord, will make thee a house.
+
+12 When thy days will be completed, and
+thou wilt sleej) with thy fathers : then will I
+set up thy seed after thee, who shall proceed
+out of thy body, and I will establish his
+kingdom.
+
+' /. c. The one ehosen from the tribes to govern, " the
+judge."
+
+' Philippson ends the first period with the last verse;
+and translates, " And since the time that I ordained
+judges over my people Israel, have I granted to thee
+(alone) rest," etc.
+
+° After Jonathan and Rashi. Philippson, "As this is
+the rule of man," *'. e. as one man acts to another, not as
+a mortal has a right to expect of God. In our version
+min is regarded as synonymous with Dija'D "manner,"
+"right," "claim," "desert."
+
+2 V
+
+
+13 He it is that shall build a house for my
+name, and I will establish the throne of his
+kingdom for ever.
+
+14 I too will be to him as a f\ither, and he
+shall indeed be to me as a son : so that when
+he committeth iniquity, I will chastise him
+with the rod of men, and with the plagues of
+the children of man ;
+
+15 But my kindness shall not depart from
+him, as I caused it to depart from Saiil, whom
+I removed from before thee.
+
+16 And thy house and thy kingdom shall
+be steadfast for ever before thee : thy throne
+shall be established for ever.
+
+17 In accordance with all these words, and
+in accordance with all this vision, so did
+Nathan speak unto David.
+
+18 T[ Then Avent king David in, and sat
+down before the Lord, and he said. Who am
+1, 0 Loi\l Eternal? and what is my house, that
+thou liast brought me as far as hitherward?
+
+19 And this was yet too small a thing in
+thy eyes, 0 Lord Eternal; and thou hast
+spoken also of thy servant's house for a dis-
+tant time. And is this the desert" of man, 0
+Lord Eternal?
+
+20 And what can David add yet more to
+speak unto thee? since thou, 0 Lord Eternal,
+knowest well thy servant?
+
+21 For the sake of thy word, and in ac-
+cordance with thy own heart, hast thou done
+all this great thing, so as to let tliy servant
+know it.
+
+22 Therefore art thou great, 0 Eternal
+God; for there is none like thee, and there is
+no god beside thee, in accordance with all
+that we have heard with our ears.
+
+23 And who is like thy people, like Israel,
+the only nation on the earth, which God**
+went to redeem for himself as a people, and
+to acquire for himself a name, and to do for
+you" this great deed, and fearful things for
+thy' land (to drive out),from^ before thy peojjle
+
+
+^ Jonathan, and after him Rashi, refer DTlSx, trans-
+lating it, "Divine messengers," to Moses and Aaron, to
+which then the plural, uSn "they went," is correctly
+joined; in our version it is the plural of majesty.
+
+" "You," here, is an address to Israel.
+
+' "Thy land" reverts again to God, who is the one
+mainly addressed by David.
+
+^ Philippson, "because of thy people, which thou hast
+redeemed for thyself from Egypt (from) nations and their
+gods." Sachs, "(against) heathens and their gods." Our
+version is after Rashi, supplying "to drive out."
+
+361
+
+
+2 SAMUEL VII. Vm.
+
+
+which thou hast redeemed for thyself from
+Egypt, nations and their gods.
+
+24 For thou hast established for thyself thy
+people Israel as a people unto thee for ever;
+and thou, 0 Lord, art indeed Ijecome their
+God.
+
+25 And now, 0 Eternal God, let the word
+that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant,
+and concerning his house, stand firm for ever,
+and do as thou hast sjjoken.
+
+2G And let thy name be magnified unto
+everlasting, that men may say, The Lord of
+hosts is tlie God over Israel: and may the
+house of thy servant David be established be-
+fore thee.
+
+27 For thou, 0 Lord of hosts, the God of
+Israel, hast revealed to the ear of thy servant,
+saying, A house will I build up for thee;
+therefore hath thy servant found the" heart to
+pray unto thee this prayer.
+
+28 And now, 0 Lord Eternal, thou art the
+(true) God, and thy words must become the
+truth, and thou hast spoken unto thy servant
+this goodness :
+
+29 And now let it ^^lease thee and bless
+the house of thy servant, that it may continue
+for ever before thee; for thou, 0 Lord Eter-
+nal, hast spoken it; and from thy blessing
+let the house of thy servant be blessed for
+ever.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass after this, that
+David smote the Philistines, and humbled
+them : and David took Metheg-haammah'' out
+of the hand of the Philistines.
+
+2 And he" smote Moiib, and measured them
+with a line, laying them down on the ground;
+and he measured with two lines to put to
+death, and with one full line to keep alive.
+And the Moabites became David's servants,
+bringing presents.
+
+3 David smote also Hadad'ezer, the son of
+Rechob, the king of Zobah, a^ he went to ex-
+tend his territoi'y" at the river Euphrates.
+
+4 And David captui-ed from him a thousand
+and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty
+thousand men on foot : and David hamstringed
+
+* Lit. "fdund his heart," ('. e. the courage.
+
+' In 1 Chron. xviii. 1, Gath is inentioned. Rashi thinks
+Gath was called "Metheg," or "a goad," because it was
+the chief town.
+
+° After Jonathan. Horxheimcr, " to restore his power."
+3C2
+
+
+all the chariot-teams, but reserved of them
+a hundred chariot-teams.
+
+5 And the Syrians of Damascus then came
+to aid Hadad'ezer the king of Zobah, when
+David slew of the Syrians twenty and two
+thousand men.
+
+6 And David put garrisons'* in Syria of
+Damascus: and the Syrians became servants
+to David, bearing presents. And the Lord
+helped David whithersoever he went.
+
+7 And David took the shields'" of gold that
+belonged to the servants of Hadad'ezer, and
+brought them to Jerusalem.
+
+8 And from Betacli, and from Berothai,
+cities of Hadad'ezer, did king David take ex-
+ceedingly much copper.
+
+9 ^ And when To'i the king of Chamath
+heard that David had smitten all the host of
+Hadad'ezer,
+
+10 Then did To'i send Yoram his son unto
+king David, to ask him after his well-being,
+and to bless him, because that he had fought
+against Hadad'ezer, and smitten him; for
+Hadad'ezer had been engaged in wars with
+To'i; and he had in his hand vessels of silver,
+and vessels of gold, and vessels of cojijper :
+
+11 These also did king David sanctify
+unto the Lord, with the silver and gold that
+he had sanctified from all the nations which
+he subdued;
+
+12 From Syria, and from Moab, and from the
+children of 'Ammon, and from the Philistines,
+and from 'Amalek, and from the spoil of Ha-
+dad'ezei', the son of Rechob, the king of Zobah.
+
+13 And David acquired a name when he
+returned from his smiting the Syrians in the
+valley of salt, eighteen thousand men.
+
+14 And he put garrisons in Edom ; through-
+out all Edom put he garrisons, and all the
+Edomites became servants to David. And the
+Lord helped David whithersoever he went.
+
+15 And David reigned over all Israel; and
+David did what is just and right unto all his
+people.
+
+16 And Joab the son of Zeruyah was over
+the army ; and Jehoshaphat the son of Achi-
+lud was recorder;
+
+17 And Zadok the son of Achitub, and
+
+Sachs, "to turn hack his arm," or "power;" which last is
+both strictly according to the words, and gives a good sense,
+and means that David went to drive back Hadad'ezer.
+
+" Or, "tax collectors." — Rashi.
+
+= "Quivers of gold." — Rashi.
+
+
+I
+
+
+2 SAMUEL VIII. IX. X.
+
+
+AcliiiiK'lecli the son of Ebyathar, wore priests;
+and Serayah was scribe;
+
+18 And Benayahu the son of Yehoyada' was
+over both the Kerethites and tlie Pelethites;
+and David's sons were officers of state.
+
+CHAPTER TX.
+
+1 ^ And David said, Is tliere yet any one
+that is left of the house of Saiil, that I may
+show him kindness for the sake of Jonathan ?
+
+2 And the house of Saiil had a servant
+whose name was Ziba; and they called him
+unto David; and the king said unto him,
+Art thou Ziba? And he said, Thy servant^
+(is it).
+
+3 And the king said, Is there no one left
+any more of the house of Saiil, that I may
+show him the kindness of God? And Ziba
+said unto the king, There is yet a sou of
+Jonathan, lame on both feet.
+
+4 And the king said unto him, Where is
+he? And Ziba said unto the king. Behold,
+he is in the house of Machir. the sou of 'Am-
+miel, in Lo-debar.
+
+5 And king David sent, and had him
+taken out of the house of Machir, the son of
+'Ammiel, from Lo-debar.
+
+6 And Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan,
+the son of Saiil, came unto David, and he fell
+on his face, and bowed himself. And David
+said, Mephibosheth ! And he answered. Here
+is thy servant!
+
+7 And David said unto him. Fear not; for
+I will surely show thee kindness for the sake
+of Jonathan thy fatlier, and I will restore
+unto thee all the land of Saiil thy lather;
+and thou shalt eat bread at my table con-
+tinually.
+
+8 And he bowed himself, and said. What
+is thv servant, that thou shouldst turn thv
+regard unto such a dead dog as I am?
+
+9 Then called the king for Ziba, Saul's
+servant, and said unto him. All that hath
+pertained to Saiil and to all his liouse have I
+given unto tliy master's son.
+
+10 And thou shalt till for him the land,
+thou, and thy sons, ami thy servants, and thou
+shalt bring in (the j)roduct), that thy master's
+son may have bread which he can eat; but
+
+
+' i. e. "Yes." The repetition of the chief word in the
+question in the answer is equal to the affirmative abverb,
+"yes."
+
+" These wonls are not in the Hebrew; but they are
+
+
+Mephibosheth thy master's son shall eat con-
+tinually bread at my table. Now Ziba had
+fifteen sons and twenty servants.
+
+11 And Ziba said unto the king. In accord-
+ance with all that my lord the king may com-
+mand his servant, so will thy servant do.
+And Mephibosheth (said the king)'' shall eat
+at my table, as one of the king's sons.
+
+12 And Mephibosheth had a young son,
+whose name was Micha. And all that dwelt
+in the house of Ziba were servants unto Me-
+phibosheth.
+
+l.S And Mephibosheth dwelt in Jerusalem;
+for he ate continually at the king's table; and
+he was lame on both his feet.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 T[ And it came to pass after this, that
+the king of the children of 'Ammon died, and
+Chanun his son reigned in his stead.
+
+2 Then said David, I will show kindness
+unto Chanun the son of Nachash, as his father
+showed me kindness. And David sent to com-
+fort him by the hand of his servants for his
+father. And David's servants came unto the
+land of the children of 'Amnion.
+
+3 And the princes of the children of
+'Ammon said unto Chanun their lord, Doth
+David honour thy father in thy eyes, that he
+hath sent comforters unto thee? hath David
+not sent his servants unto thee, in order to
+search the city, and to spy it out, and to over-
+throw it?
+
+4 Chanun thereupon took David's servants,
+and shaved off the one-half of their beard,
+and cut off their garments in the middle, even
+to their buttocks, and sent them away.
+
+5 When they told it unto David, he sent
+(persons) to meet them, because the men
+were greatly ashamed; and the king said.
+Tarry at Jericho until your beard be grown,
+and then return.
+
+6 And when the children of 'Ammon saw
+that they were become in l)ad odour Avith
+David, the children of 'Ammon sent and hired
+the Syrians of Beth-rechob, and the Syrians
+of Zoba, twenty thousand men on foot, and
+the king Ma'achah with a thousand men, and
+of the people of Tob twelve thousand men.
+
+added according to Rashi and others. But Ziba may
+also have ofTered a free table to his master, as he wag
+evidently a very rich man ; wherefore the addition is not
+necessary.
+
+363
+
+
+2 SAMUEL X. XI.
+
+
+7 And when David heard of it, he sent
+Jo'dh, and all the arm)', (and) the mighty
+men.
+
+8 And the children of 'Ammon came out,
+and put themselves in battle-array at the en-
+trance of the gate : and the Syrians of Zol)a,
+and of Eechob, and the people of Toh and
+Ma'achah, were by themselves in the field.
+
+9 When now Joab saw that the frontof the
+battle was against him before and behind, he
+selected from all the chosen men of Israel,
+and arrayed himself against the Syrians :
+
+10 And the rest of the people he delivered
+into the hand of Aljishai his brother, who
+arrayed himself against the children of 'Am-
+nion.
+
+11 And he said, If the Svrians be too
+strong for me, then shalt thou bring me help ;
+but if the children of 'Amnion be too strong
+for thee, then will I go to help thee.
+
+12 Be strong, and let us strengthen our-
+selves in behalf of our people, and in behalf
+of the cities of our God : and may the Lord
+do that which seemeth good in his eyes.
+
+13 And Joab drew nigh, and the people
+that were with him, unto the battle against
+the Syrians: and they fled from before him.
+
+14 And when the children of 'Ammon saw
+that the Syrians were fled, then did they also
+fly before Abishai, and entered into the city.
+Joiib then returned from the children of 'Am-
+nion, and came to Jerusalem.
+
+15 And when the Syrians saw that they
+were smitten before Israel, they gathered
+them.selves altogether.
+
+16 And Hadar'ezer sent, and brought out
+the Syrians that were beyond the river, and
+they came to Chelani ; and Shobach the cap-
+tain of the army of Hadar'ezer went before
+them.
+
+17 And when it was told to David, lie
+gathered all Israel together, and passed over
+the Jordan, and came to Chelam. And the
+Syrians set themselves in battle-array against
+David, and fought with him.
+
+18 And the Syrians fled from before Israel;
+and David slew of the Syrians (the men) of
+seven hundred chariots, and forty thousand
+horsemen ; and Shobach also the captain of
+their army he smote, and he died there.
+
+19 And when all the kings, the vassals to
+Hadar'ezer saw that they were smitten before
+Israel, they made peace with Israel, and
+
+364
+
+
+served them: and the Syrians feared to help
+the children of 'Amnion any more.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, at the return of
+the same season of the year, at the time when
+kings go forth, that David sent Joiib, and liis
+servants with him, and all Israel; and they
+destroyed the children of 'Amnion, and Ije-
+sieged Rabbah. But David remained behind
+at Jerusalem.
+
+2 And it happened at evening-tide, that
+David arose from oft' his couch, and walked
+upon the roof of the king's house : and he saw
+from the roof a woman bathing herself; and
+the woman was of a very beautiful appear-
+ance.
+
+3 And David sent and inquired after the
+woman ; and some one said. Behold, this is
+Bath-sheba', the daughter of Eli'am, the wife
+of Uriyalr' the Hittite.
+
+4 And David sent messengers, and took
+her; and she came in unto him, and he lay
+with her, and she had just purified herself
+from her uncleanness : and she returned unto
+her house.
+
+5 And the woman conceived ; and she sent
+and told David, and said, I am with child.
+
+6 And David sent to Joiib, Send unto me
+Uriyah the Hittite. And Joiib sent Uriyah
+to David.
+
+7 And when Uriyah was come unto him,
+David asked after the well-being of Joiib, and
+after the well-being of the people, and how
+the war prospered.
+
+8 And David said to Uriyah, Go down to
+thy house, and wash thy feet. And Uriyah
+went forth out of tbe king's house, and there
+followed him a mess of food from the king.
+
+9 But Uriyah laid himself down at the
+door of the king's house with all the servants
+of his lord, and went not down to his house.
+
+10 And they told David, saying, Uriyah
+is not gone down unto his house: and David
+said unto Uriyah, Art thou not come from a
+journey? why then art thou not gone down
+unto thy own house?
+
+11 Then said Uriyah unto David, The ark,
+and Israel, and Judah abide in booths; and
+my lord Joiib and the servants of my lord
+are encamped in the open field : and slioidd I
+
+^ Commonly written Uriah.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XI. XII.
+
+
+"After Jonathan and Sachs; "iiniy^ lit. "watching,"
+i, e. by putting the troops in such a position that no one
+can go in and out without being noticed.
+
+■■ i. c. Gid'on, or Ycrubba'al. " Besheth" is a word of
+disgrace, signifying "shame," instead of the usual name
+of the idol "Ba'al," or "Lord."
+
+
+alone go unto my hou.se, to eat and to drink, II
+and to lie with my wife ? as thou livest, and ij
+as thy soul liveth, I will not do this thing.
+
+12 And David said to Uriyah, Tarry here
+also this day, and to-morrow will I send thee
+off. So Uriyah remained in Jeru.salem on
+that day and the following. '
+
+l-\ And David invited him, and he ate and
+drank before him, and he made him drunken ;
+;ind he went out in the evening to lie down
+on his resting-place with the servants of his
+lord; but to his house he did not go down.
+
+14 And it came to pass in the morning,
+that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent
+it by the hand of Uriyah.
+
+15 And he wrote in the letter, saying. Set
+Urij'ah in front, opposite to the hottest fight,
+and tben withdraw from behind him, that he
+may be smitten and die.
+
+16 And it came to pass, when Joiib was
+enclosing" the city, that he placed Uriyah
+toAvard the spot of which he knew that valiant
+men were thex'e.
+
+17 And the men of the city went out and
+fought with Joiib; and there fell some of the
+people, of the servants of David, and there
+died also Uriyah the Ilittite.
+
+18 Then did Joab send, and told unto
+David all the events of the war.
+
+19 And he charged the messenger, saying.
+When thou hast finished telling all the events
+of the war to the king,
+
+20 And it happen that the king's wrath
+arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore did
+you approach unto the city to fight? knew ye
+not. tliat they would shoot down from oS the
+wall ?
+
+21 Who smote Abimelech the son of Ye-
+rubbesheth T* did not a woman throw down
+upon him a piece of an upper mill-stone from
+off the wall, so that he died at Thebez? why
+did ye approach unto the wall'' then must
+thou say. Also thy servant Uriyah the Ilittite
+is dead.
+
+22 And the mes,senger went, and came
+and told unto David all for which Joiib had
+sent him.
+
+
+23 And the messenger said unto David,
+Because'' the men overpowered us, and came
+out against ns into the field; but we set upon
+them, as far as the entrance of the gate.
+
+24 And the archer.s tben shot at thv ser-
+vants from off the wall ; and there died .some of
+the servants of the king, and also thy servant
+Uriyah the Ilittite is dead.
+
+20 Then said Da\id to the messenger.
+Thus shalt thou say to Joiib, Let this thing
+not be displeasing in thy eyes; for at times
+this, at other times the other will the sword
+devour; continue firmly in thy war against
+the city, and overthrow it; and thus do thou
+encourage him.''
+
+26 And when the wife of LTriyah heard
+that Urijah her husband had died, she mourn-
+ed for her lord.
+
+27 And when the (time of) mourning was
+past, David sent and took her to his house, and
+she became his wife; and she bore him a son.
+But the thing which David had done was dis-
+pleasing in tlie eyes of the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XIL
+
+1 ^ x\nd the Lord sent Nathan unto David,
+and he came unto him and said to him. Two
+men were once in one city, the one rich and
+the other poor.
+
+2 The rich man had flocks and herds, in
+great abundance.
+
+3 But the poor man had nothing, save one
+little ewe, wliich he had Ijought; and he
+nourished it, and it grew up with him and
+with his children together; of his bread it used
+to eat, and out of his cup it u.sed to drink, and
+in his bosom it used to lie, and it was to him
+as a daughter.
+
+4 And there came a traveller unto the
+rich man ; and he felt compunction to take
+from his own flocks and from his own herds
+to dress for the ^vayfarer that was come to
+him; but he took the ewe of the poor man,
+and dressed it for the man that was come to
+him.
+
+5 And the anger of David was greatly
+kindled against the man; and he said to
+
+" This would appear to be the conclusion of the report,
+and is intended to account for the loss of so many lives ;
+first that the 'Ammonites forced their way out, but were
+then repulsed by the Israelites, Vfho, in their eagerness to
+distinguish themselves, did not heed the archers till too late.
+
+" This is said to the messenger in encourage Joiib.
+
+305
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XII.
+
+
+NatLau, As the Lord liveth, surely the man
+that hath done this deserveth to die;
+
+6 And the ewe he shall pay fourfold, for
+punishment that he hath done this thing, and
+because he had no compassion.
+
+7 ][ Then said Nathan to David, Thou art
+the man ! Thus hath said the Lord, the God
+of Israel, It is I who anointed thee as king-
+over Israel, and it is I who delivered thee out
+of the hand of Salil;
+
+8 And I gave unto thee the house of thy mas-
+ter, and (put) the wives of thy master into thy bo-
+som, and gave unto thee the house of Israel and
+Judah : and if this be too little, I could bestow
+on thee yet many more like these things.
+
+9 Wherefore hast thou despised the word
+of the Lord to do what is evil in his eyes?
+Uriyah the Ilittite hast thou smitten with
+the sword, and his wife hast thou taken unto
+thee for wife ; but him hast thou slain with
+the sword of the children of 'Ammon.
+
+10 And now, the sword shall not depart
+from thy house for ever; for the reason that
+thou hast despised me, and hast taken the
+wife of Uriyah the Hittite to be thy wife.
+
+11 •[[ Thus hath said the Lord, Behold I
+will raise up against thee evil out of thy own
+house, and I will take away thy wives before
+thy eyes, and I will give them unto thy
+neighbour; and he shall lie with thy wives
+before the face of this sun.
+
+12 For thou hast done it in secret; but I
+will surely do this thing before all Israel, and
+before the sun.
+
+13 ^ Then said David unto Nathan, I have
+sinned against the Lord.
+
+^ And Nathan said to David, Also the
+Lord hath caused thy sin to pass away : thou
+shalt not die.
+
+14 Nevertheless, because thou hast given
+great cause to the enemies of the Lord to
+blaspheme through this thing, the child also
+that hath been l^orn unto thee shall surely die.
+
+15 And Nathan went to his house; and
+the Lord struck the child that Uriyah's wife
+had born unto David, that it became very sick.
+
+16 And David besought God in behalf of
+the lad ; and David kept a fast, and came
+home, and lay over night upon the earth.
+
+* Correctly, Shelomoh, from " shalum," peace, per-
+haps referring to the forgiveness of his sin.
+
+'■ Eng. version, Jedidiah; it signifies, "beloved of
+the Lord."
+366
+
+
+1 7 And the elders of his house arose about
+him, to raise him up from the earth; but he
+would not, and he did not partake of any
+bread with them.
+
+18 And it came to pass on the seventh
+day that the child died; and the servants of
+David were afraid to tell him, that the child
+was dead; for they said, Behold, while the
+child was yet alive, we sjDoke to him, and he
+would not hearken to our voice: how then
+shall we say to him. The child is dead! he
+might do (himself) a hurt.
+
+19 But when David saw that his servants
+were whispering to each other, David under-
+stood that the child was dead; wherefore
+David said unto his servants. Is the child
+dead ? and they said. He is dead.
+
+20 David then rose up from the earth, and
+washed and anointed himself, and changed
+his garments, and Avent into the house of the
+Lord and prostrated himself; and then he
+came to his own house, and asked that they
+should set food before him. and he ate.
+
+21 And his servants then said unto him,
+What is this thing which thou hast done?
+On account of the child when living thou
+didst last and weep ; but as soon as the child
+was dead thou didst arise and eat bread !
+
+22 And he said. While the child was yet
+alive, I fasted and wept; because I said. Who
+knoweth, but that the Lord will be gracious
+to me, that the child may live ?
+
+23 But now he is dead, wherefore should
+I fast then ? can I restore him again ? I am
+going to him ; but he will not return to me.
+
+21 And David comforted Bath-sheba' his
+wife, and he went in unto her, and lay with
+her; and she bore a son, and called his name
+Solomon;" and the Lord loved him.
+
+25 And he sent by the hand of Nathan
+the prophet, and called his name, Yedideyah''
+in behalf of the Lord.
+
+26 ^ And Joab fought against Eabbah of
+the children of 'Ammon, and captured the
+royal city.
+
+27 And Joiib sent messengers to David ;
+and said, I have fought against Rahbah, and
+have also captured the water-town.*"
+
+28 And now gather the rest of the people
+
+
+° i. e. That portion of the city situated near the water,
+the river Zorlca; in the preceding verse the royal city is
+mentioned ; perhaps the palace of the king may likewise
+have been in the part situated near the river.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XII. XIII.
+
+
+together, and encamp against the city, and I
+capture it: lest I capture the city myself, and
+it be called by my name."
+
+29 And David gathered all the people to-
+gether and went to Rabbah, and fought
+against it, and captured it.
+
+30 And he took the crown of Malkan?
+from off his head, and its weight was a talent
+of gold, and (on it was) a precious stone, and
+it was set on the head of David; and the booty
+of the city he brought out in great abundance.
+
+.31 And the people that were therein he
+brought forward, and put them under' saws,
+and under iron threshing-wagons, and under
+axes of iron, and made them pass through
+Ijrick-kilns; and thus did he unto all the
+cities of the children of 'Amnion: and David
+returned then with all the people unto Jeru-
+salem.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass after this, that
+Abshalom the son of David had a handsome
+sister, whose name was Thamar; and Am-
+non the son of David loved her.
+
+2 And Amnon worried himself so that hefell
+sick on account of Thamar his sister; for she
+was a virgin ; and it was im])0ssible in the
+eyes of Amnon, to do her the least (harm.)
+
+3 But Amnon had a friend, whose name
+was Yonadab, the son of Shim'ah, David's
+brother; and Yonadab was a very sensible man.
+
+4 And he said to him. Why art thou so
+wasted, 0 prince,'' morning after morning?
+Wilt thou not tell me? Then said Amnon
+to hiui, Thamar the sister of Abshalom my
+brother do I love.
+
+5 And Yonadab said to liim, Lie down on
+thy couch, and. feign thyself sick ; and when
+thy father cometh to see thee, thou must say
+unto him, Let, I pray thee, Thamar my sister
+come, and give me some food, and prepare the
+refreshment before my eyes, in order that I
+may see it, and eat it out of her hand.
+
+
+' i. r. That the conquest woukl be ascribed to Jo'ab,
+not to David, who would thus be robbed of the ghiry at-
+tached to this achievement.
+
+" /. c. The idol of 'Amnion, from the same derivation as
+Molech. Others derive it from "p-i " king," thus, " their
+king;" but we have followed lliishi.
+
+" Philippson, "ho put them to saws, &c., and led them
+to the brick-kilns;" that is, he made them labour at these
+various operations: the text will readily bear this version.
+
+" Heb. "son of the king."
+
+
+6 So Amnon lay down, and feigned him-
+self sick; and when the king came to see him,
+Amnon said to the king. Let, I pray thee,
+Thamar my sister come, and mix up be-
+fore my eyes a couple of cakes, that I may
+enjoy them out of her hand.
+
+7 Then did David send home to Thamar,
+saying. Do go now to thy brother Amnon's
+house, and prepare for him the refreshment.
+
+8 So Thamar went to the house of Annion
+her brother, and he w^as lying down ; and she
+took the dough and kneaded, and mixed it
+up before his eyes, and baked the cakes ;
+
+9 And she took the pan, and poured them
+out before him; but he refused to eat; and
+Amnon said, Cause every man to go out from
+me; and the}' went out, every man^ from him.
+
+10 And Amnon said unto Thamar, Bring
+the refreshment into the chamber, that I
+may enjoy it out of thy hand. So Thamar
+took the cakes which she had made, and
+brought them unto Amnon her brother into
+the chamber.
+
+11 And when she had brought them near
+unto him to eat, he took hold of her, and
+said unto her. Come, lie with me, my sister.
+
+12 But she said to him. No, my brother,
+do not violate me; for such a deed ought not
+to be done in Israel ; do not this scandalous
+act!
+
+13 And I, whither should I carry my shame ?
+and as for thee, thou wouldst be like one of
+the worthless in Israel; but now, 0 speak, I
+pray tliee, unto the king, for he Avill not with-
+hold me from thee.
+
+14 Nevertheless, he would not hearken
+unto her voice; but he overpowered her, and
+violated her, and lay with her.
+
+15 Then did Amnon hate her with a very
+great hatred; so that the hatred with which
+he hated her was greater than the love with
+which he had loved her; and Amnon said
+unto her. Arise, be gone.
+
+IG And she said to him, (Do) not'" add
+
+" rniN '7N we have rendered after Rashi, taking miN as
+meaning " sequel," that which fullows from a foregone
+cause ; properly, " Let not this greater wrong to send me
+away be the sequel of the other thou hast done." Jona-
+than renders it as though it were mix S;' " concerning."
+I'hilippson translates, " She spoke to him concerning the
+evil deed, Greater is this than the other which thou hast
+done to me." But the Massoretic punctuation and reading
+do not warrant such a version, We have strictly followed
+both,
+
+367
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XIII.
+
+
+this yet greater wrong than the other which
+thou hast done with me, to send me (now)
+away ! But lie would not listen to her ;
+
+17 And he called his young man, his ser-
+vant, and said, Do send this woman away
+from me, into the street, and lock the door
+behind her.
+
+18 'And she had on her a garment of divers
+colours; for thus were usually apparelled the
+king's daughters when virgins, in robes; and
+his servant brouglit her out into the street,
+and locked the door behind her.
+
+19 And Tliamar put' ashes on her head,
+and the garment of divers colours which was
+on her she rent ; and she placed her hand on
+her head, and went aAvay and cried as she
+went along^
+
+20 Then said to her Abshalom her bro-
+ther, Hath Aminon'' thy brother been with
+thee? but now, my sister, keep silence, he is
+thy brother, take this thing not to thy heart.
+So Thamar remained, and was secluded" in
+the house of Abshalom her Ijrother.
+
+21 And when king David heard all these
+things, it displeased him greatly.
+
+22 And Abshalom spoke not with Amnon
+either bad or good; for Abshalom hated Am-
+non, because he had violated Thamar his
+sister.
+
+23 ][ And it came to pass after two full
+years, that Abshalom had sheep-shearers at
+Ba'al-chazor, which is near Ephraim; and
+Abshalom invited all the king's sons.
+
+24 And Abshalom came to the king, and
+said, Behold, now, thy sei'vant hath sheep-
+shearers; let the king, I pray thee, and his
+servants go with thy servant.
+
+25 And the king said to Abshalom, No, my
+son, do not let us all go now, that we may
+not be a burden upon thee. And he urged
+him much, but he would not go, and he
+blessed him.
+
+2G And Abshalom said, If not, let, I pray
+thee, Amnon my brother go with us. And
+the king said to him. Why should he go with
+thee?
+
+27 But Abshalom urged him greatly, and
+he sent with him Amnon and all the sons
+of the king.
+
+' Lit. "took," ?'. c. first took and then applied it.
+*■ i. e. Little Aiiiuon, a term of contempt.
+" Ileb. n:30ty " desiilutc," /. e. seeing no one but those
+around her, and unwilling to meet friends and strangers.
+;i(i8
+
+
+28 Now Abshalom commanded his ser-
+vants, saying, Mark ye, I pray you, when Am-
+non's heart is merry with wine, and I say
+unto you. Smite Amnon: then kill him, fear
+not; behold, it is I who command it you ; be
+firm and show yourselves men of valour.
+
+29 And the servants of Abshalom did unto
+Amnon as Abshalom had commanded. Then
+arose all the king's sons, and they rode ofl',
+every man on his mule, and tied.
+
+30 And it happened, while they were on
+the way, that the report came to David, say-
+ing, Abshalom hath smitten all the king's
+sons, and there is not one of them left.
+
+31 Then arose the king and rent his gar-
+ments, and laid himself on the earth ; and all
+his servants were standing by with their gar-
+ments rent.
+
+32 But Yonadab the son of Shim'ah,
+David's brother, commenced and said. Let not
+my lord suppose that they ha\'e slain all the
+young men, the king's sons; since Amnon
+alone is dead ; for by the command of Absha-
+lom was this ordained from the day that he
+violated Thamar his sister.
+
+33 And now let notni}- lord the king take
+the thing to his heart, thinking, that all the
+king's sons are dead; for Amnon alone is
+dead.
+
+34 And Abshaiom fled away. And the
+young man that was watching lifted up his
+eyes, and looked, and behold, many people
+were coming by the way behind him, by the
+side of the mount.
+
+35 And Yonadab said to the king. The
+king's sons are come : according to the word
+of thy servant, so hath it come to pass.
+
+36 And it hapjtened, as he had just finished
+speaking, that, behold, the king's sons came,
+and they lifted up their voice and wept; and
+also the king and all his servants wept very
+much.
+
+37 But Abshalom had tied; and he went
+to Talmai, the son of 'Ammihud, the king of
+Geshur: and (David) mourned for his son
+all the time.
+
+38 So did Abshalom tly, and go to Geshur,-
+and he remained there three years.
+
+39 And (the soul"* of) king David longed
+
+
+'' Philippsou, " And king David ceased to go forth
+against Abshalom," i. e. that at first he had thought to
+punish him, and demand him from the king of Geshur;
+but uow he had given up this intention.
+
+
+UEI-IOKAH THE I'KOl 'HhCTESSS,
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XIV.
+
+
+to go forth unto Al)slialoni; for ho was com-
+forted concerning Amnon, that he Avas dead.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 *\\ And wlion now Joiib the son of Zeru-
+yah perceived that the heart of the king was
+(turned) toward Abshalom:
+
+2 Then sent Joiib to Tekoa , and lie fetched
+thence a wise woman, and said to her, Feign,
+I pray thee, as tliougli thou niournest, and do
+put on mourning garments, and anoint thy-
+self not with oil ; but be as a woman that
+hath these many days been mourning for tlie
+dead.
+
+3 And thou must come to the king and
+speak with him after these words: and Joab
+put the words into her mouth.
+
+4 And the woman of TekoJi' spoke to the
+king, and fell on her lace to the ground, and
+bowed herself, and said. Help, 0 king !
+
+5 ^[ And the king said unto her. What
+aileth thee? And she said, Truly, I am a
+widow-woman ; since my husband is dead.
+
+6 And thy hand-maid liad two sons, and
+they two quarrelled together in the tield,
+and there was no one between them to help
+(either) ; so the one smote the other, and slew
+him.
+
+7 And, behold, the whole family is risen up
+against thy hand-maid, and they said. Give up
+the slayer of his brother, that we may ha\'e
+him put to death, for the life of his brother
+whom he hath killed; and we will destroy-
+also the heir : and thus they will quench my
+coal which is remaining, so as not to allow to
+my husband either name or remainder upon
+the face of the earth.
+
+8 ^ And the king said unto the woman.
+Go to thy house, and I will issue (my) charge
+concerning thee.
+
+9 Then said the woman of Tekoil' unto the
+king, On me, my lord, 0 king, be the iniquity,
+and on my father's house : and may the king
+and his throne Ije guiltless.
+
+10 ^ And the king said, Whosoever speak-
+eth aught unto thee, bring him to me, and he
+shall not touch thee any more.
+
+11 Then said she, Let the king, I pray
+thee, remember the Lord thy God, so as not
+
+' i. e. That tlicy would kill a man without legal proof,
+with no witnesses to see the crime.
+
+^ Jonathan, " Thus is it not possible for a righteous judge
+to accept money for falsehood, and lie should devise
+
+2 W
+
+
+to sutler the avenger of I lie blood to cause
+yet more destruction, and that they may not
+destroy my son. And he said. As the Lord
+liveth, there shall not fall one hair of thy son
+to the earth.
+
+12 Then said the woman. Let th}- hand-
+maid, I pray thee, speak unto my lord the
+king one word. And he said. Speak on.
+
+lo And the woman s;iid. Wherefore then
+hast thou thought such a thing against the
+people of God?" and since the king doth speak
+this thing, he is as a guilty man, if the king
+do not permit his banished one to return home.
+
+14 For we must needs die, and are as water
+which is spilt on the ground, which cannot
+be gathered up again; and yet doth God''
+not take away life ; and he devisetli thoughts,
+so that the banished one may not remain
+banished from him.
+
+15 And now that I am come to speak unto
+my lord the king of this thing, (happened)
+because the people made me afraid; and
+therefore thy handmaid said, I will still speak
+unto the king; perhaps the king may act (in
+accordance with) the word of his handmaid.
+
+16 For the king may hear (me), to deliver
+his handmaid out of the hand of the man
+(that desireth) to exterminate me and my son
+together out of the inheritance of God.
+
+17 And tliy handmaid said. May the word
+of my lord the king now become (the means
+of giving) repose ; for as an angel of God, so
+is my lord the king to comprehend the good
+and the bad: and may the Lord thy God be
+with thee.
+
+18 T[ Then answered the king and said
+unto the woman. Conceal not, I pray thee,
+from me a word concerning what I am going
+to ask thee. And the woman said. Let my
+lord the king but speak.
+
+19 And the king said, Is not the hand of
+Joiib with thee in all this? And the woman
+answered and said. As thy soul liveth, my
+lord, 0 king ! none can turn to the right or
+to the left from all that my lord the king
+liath spoken; for it was thy servant Joiib
+who hath bidden me, and it was he that liatli
+put in the mouth of thy handmaid all these
+words. ,
+
+thoughts, so as not to banish from him the banished."
+Sachs, "Should the judge not desire, and devise thoughts,
+that the banished may not remain banislicil from him''"
+
+3G9
+
+
+-/
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XIV. XV.
+
+
+20 In order to change the apjoearance of
+the matter hath thy servant Joab done this
+thing : and my lord is wise, according to the
+wisdom of an angel of God, to know all that
+is (done) on the earth.
+
+21 ^ And the king said unto Joab, Behold,
+now, thou hast done this thing: go then,
+brins: back the voung man Abshalom.
+
+22 And Joiib fell on his face to the ground,
+and bowed himself, and blessed the king : and
+Joiib said, To-day is thy servant convinced
+that I have found grace in thy eyes, my lord,
+0 king; since the king hath acted in accord-
+ance with the word of thy servant.
+
+23 And JoJib arose and went to Geshur,
+and brought Abshalom to Jerusalem.
+
+24 Tl And the king said, Let him repair to
+his own house, but my face he shall not see.
+So Abshalom repaired to his own house, but
+the king's fiice he did not see.
+
+25 ][ And like Abshalom there was no man
+as handsome in all Israel, so that lie was
+greatly praised : from the sole of his foot up to
+the crown of his head there was no blemish
+on him.
+
+26 And when he shaved off (the hair of)
+his head (and it was at the end of every
+year that he shaved it ofl"; because it was too
+heavy on him, so that he had to shave it ofl':)
+he weighed the hair of his head at two hun-
+dred shekels by the king's weight.
+
+27 And there were born unto Abshalom
+three sons and one daughter, whose name was
+Tliamar : this one was a woman of handsome
+appearance.
+
+28 ^ And Abshalom dwelt two full years
+in Jerusalem, and the king's face he did not
+see.
+
+29 Abshalom sent out therefore for Joab,
+to send him to the king; but he would not
+come to him: and he sent again the second
+time; but he would not come.
+
+30 He thereupon said unto his servants.
+See, Joilb's field is alongside of mine, and
+he hath barley there: go and set it on fire.
+And Abshalom's servants set the field on
+fire.
+
+31 T[ Then did Joiib arise, and he went to
+Abshalom unto his house, and said unto him,
+
+° (. c. The place where the public meetings and courts
+were held in Palestine. It is customary for Eastern kings
+to give audience and hold judgment early iu the morn-
+ing, immediately after performing their devotions.
+370
+
+
+Wherefore have thy servants set the field be-
+longing to me on fire?
+
+32 And Abshalom said to Joab, Behold, I
+had sent unto thee, saying, Come hither, that
+I may send thee to the king, to say, Wherefore
+am I come from Geshur? it would be better
+for me were I yet there : and now let me see
+the king's face; and if there be any iniquity
+in me, let him put me to death.
+
+33 So Joiib went to the king, and told it to
+him : and he called for Abshalom, who came
+to the king, and bowed himself on his face to
+the ground before the king; and the king
+kissed Abshalom.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass after this, tliat
+Abshalom provided for himself a chariot
+and horses, and fifty men who ran before
+him.
+
+2 And Abshalom rose up early, and stood
+on the side of the way to the gate :" and it
+happened, that whenever a man who had a con-
+troversy came to the king for judgment, Al>
+shalom called to him, and said. From what
+city art thou? And he said. Thy servant is
+from one of the tribes of Israel.
+
+3 And Abshalom said unto him. See, thy
+words are good and right; but no one listeneth
+to thee on the part of the king.''
+
+4 And Abshalom said, Oh if there were but
+one to appoint me judge in the land, so that
+every man who may have any controversy or
+cause might come mito me, and I would do
+him justice!
+
+5 And it happened, that when a man came
+nigh to bow down to him, he used to jntt
+forth his hand, and laid hold of him, and
+kissed him.
+
+6 And Abshalom did after this manner to
+all Israel that came to the king for judgment:
+and thus did Abshalom steal the heart of the
+men of Israel.
+
+7 And it came to pass at the end of forty'^
+years, that Abshalom said unto the king, Let
+me go, I pray thee, and fulfill my vo^v, -w Inch
+I have vowed unto the Lord, at Hebron.
+
+8 For thy servant vowed a vow while I
+abode at Geshur in Syria, saying. If the Lord
+
+
+'' i. e. There is no one ready to attend to the case.
+
+° The Eabbins suppose this period is reckoned from the
+time that the people asked a king of Samuel. Others,
+the time when David was anointed.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XV.
+
+
+rtill ever l)riiig me back again to Jerusalem,
+then will I serve the Lord.
+
+9 And the king said unto him, Go in peace :
+and he arose, and went to Hebron.
+
+10 T[ But Abshalom sent spies throughout
+all the tribes of Israel, saying, When ye hear
+the sound of the cornet, then shall ye say,
+Abshalom is become king at Hebron.
+
+11 And with Abshalom went two huudred
+men out of Jerusalem, who were invited, and
+going in their simplicity ; and they knew of
+nothing whatever.
+
+12 And Abshalom sent for Achithophel
+the Gilonite, David's counsellor, from his city,
+from Giloh, while he ofiered the sacrifices.
+And the conspiracy became strong; and tlie
+people increased continually with Abshalom.
+
+13 And there came a news-bearer to David,
+saying, The heart of the men of Israel is
+turned after Abshalom.
+
+14 And David said unto all his servants
+that were with him at Jerusalem, Arise, and
+let us flee; for there will not (else) be any
+escape for us from Abshalom : make haste to
+depart, lest he make haste and overtake us
+suddenly and overwhelm us with evil, and
+smite the city with the edge of the sword.
+
+15 And the king's servants said unto the
+kiuij;. In accordance with sdl that my lord
+the king may choose, are thy servants ready.
+
+16 And the king went forth, and all his
+household in his train. And the king left
+behind ten women, who were concubines, to
+guard the house.
+
+17 And the king went forth, and all the
+people in his train, and tarried in a place that
+was fixr oS."
+
+18 And all his servants passed on along-
+side of him, and all the Kerethites, and all
+the Pelethites; and all the Gittites, six hun-
+dred men, who were come in his train from
+Gath, passed on before the king.
+
+19 Then said the king to It'tai the Gittite,
+Wherefore wilt thou also go with us? turn
+back and abide with the l\iug; for thou
+art a stranger, ami also an exile from tli\
+place.^
+
+20 Yesterday thou earnest; and to-day
+should I move thee about with us to wander?
+
+
+* Philippson leaves untranslated, Bith-hammerchnk, and
+supposes it was a well-known house at some distance from
+Jerusalem, so called in the manner of the modern phrase,
+"halfway house."
+
+
+seeing that I go whither I may: retui'n thou,
+and take back thy brethren with thee, in
+kindness and truth.
+
+21 And Ittai answered the king, and said.
+As the Lord liveth, and as my lord the king
+liveth, surely in whatever place my lord the
+king may be, whether for death or lor life,
+even there will thy servant be.
+
+22 And David said then to Ittai, Go and
+pass on. And Ittai the Gittite passed on,
+and all his men, and all the little ones that
+were with him.
+
+23 And all the (people of the) country
+wept with a loud voice, as all the people
+passed on : and the king passed over the
+brook Kidron, and all the people passed
+over, along the way to the wilderness.
+
+24 And lo Zadok also, and all the Levites
+with him, were bearing the ark of the cove-
+nant of God ; and they set down the ark of
+God; and Ebyathar went up, until all the
+people had finished passing out of the city.
+
+25 ^ And the king said unto Zadok, Carry
+back the ark of God into the city; if I shall
+find favour in the eyes of the Lord, he will
+bring me back again, and show me both it,
+and his dwelling;
+
+26 But if he should thus say, I have no
+delight in thee : here am I, let him do to me
+as seemeth good in his eyes.
+
+27 ^ The king said also unto Zadok the
+priest. If thou see the justice of this, return
+to the city in peace: and your two sons,
+x\cliima'az thy son, and Jonathan the son of
+Ebyathar, ai*e with you."
+
+28 See, I will tarry in the plain of the
+wilderness, until there come word from you
+to bring me news.
+
+29 Zadok therefore and Ebyathar carried
+the ark of God again to Jerusalem : and they
+remained there.
+
+30 And David went up by the ascent of the
+mount of Olives, weeping as he went up, and
+had his head covered, and he was walking
+barefoot : and all the people that were with
+him covered every man his head, and they
+went up, weeping as they went up.
+
+31 And some one told David, saying,
+Achithophel is among the conspirators with
+
+" Philippson, who views the '^ of -jDipaS as used in the
+sense "for," an exile as respects (for) thy place. Jona-
+than however, " If thou be banished (return) to thy place."
+
+' This verse is rendered after Kashi.
+
+371
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XV. XVI.
+
+
+Abshaloni. And David said, I pray thee,
+turn into foolishness the counsel of Achitho-
+phel, 0 Lord!
+
+32 And it came to pass, that, when David
+was come to the top, where he used to bow
+himself down to God, Ijehold, Chushai the
+Arkite came to meet him with his coat rent,
+and earth upon his head.
+
+33 And David said unt(j him. If thou pas.s-
+est on with me, thou wouldst be a burden
+unto me;
+
+34 But if thou shouldst return to the
+city, and say unto Abshalom, Thy servant
+will I be, 0 king; thy lather's servant have I
+been this long time past, and now will I also
+be thy servant: then mightest thou defeat
+for me the counsel of Achithopel.
+
+35 And, behold, thou hast with thee there
+Zadok and Ebyathar the priests; therefore
+shall it be, that what thing soever thou may-
+est hear out of the king's house, shalt thou
+tell to Zadok and Ebyathar the priests.
+
+36 Behold, they have tliere with them
+their two sons, Achima'az for Zadok, and
+Jonathan for Ebyathar: and ye shall send
+by means of them unto me whatever thing
+ye can hear.
+
+37 So Chushai, David's friend, came into
+the city, as Abshalom had just resolved to
+enter into Jerusalem.
+
+CHAPTER XVL
+
+1 And when David was passed a little be-
+yond the top (of the mount), behold, Ziba the
+servant of Mephibosheth came toward him,
+Avith a couple of asses saddled, and upon them
+two hundred loaves of bread, and a hundred
+bunches of raisins, and a hundred (cakes) of
+dried figs," and a bottle of wine.
+
+2 And the king said unto Ziba, What
+meanest thou with these? And Ziba said,
+The asses are for the king's household to ride
+on ; and the bread and the dried figs for the
+young men to eat; and the wine to drink
+for such as may be faint in the wilderness.
+
+3 And the king said, And where is thy
+master's son? And Ziba said unto the king,
+Behold, he remaineth at Jerusalem; for he
+said, To-day will the house of Israel restore
+unto me the kingdom of my father.
+
+
+' After Jonathan ; but |"p literally, means "summer."
+'' After the Massorali ; others, "as alsd all the people
+aud all the mighty men on his right and loft."
+372
+
+
+4 Then said tiie king to Ziba, Behold,
+thine shall be all that pertaineth unto Mephi-
+bosheth. And Ziba said, I prostrate myself:
+let me but find grace in thy eyes, my lord, 0
+king.
+
+5 And when king David came as far as
+Bachurim, behold, there came out thence a
+man of the family of the house of Saiil, whose
+name was Shim'i, the son of Gera, coming
+forth, and cursing.
+
+6 And he cast stones at David, and at all
+the servants of king David :'' and all the peo-
+ple and all the mighty men were on his right
+and on his left.
+
+7 And thus said Shim'i as he cursed.
+Away, away, thou man of blood, and thou
+worthless man!
+
+8 The Lord hath brought back upon tliee
+all the blood of the house of Saiil, in whose
+stead thou didst reign; and the Lord hath
+placed the kingdom into the hand of Aljsha-
+lom thy son ; and, behold, thou art now in thy
+misfortune, because a man of blood art thou.
+
+9 Then said Abishai the son of Zeruyah
+unto the king. Why should tins dead dog
+curse my lord the king? let me go over, I
+pray thee, and remove his head.
+
+10 And the king said. What have I to do
+with you, ye sons of Zeruyah ? so let him
+curse; because the Lord hath said unto
+him, Curse David. Who shall then say.
+Wherefore hast thou done so ?
+
+11 And David said to Abishai, and to all
+his servants. Behold, my son, who hath come
+forth out of my own body, seeketh my lil'e :
+how much more now this Benjamite? let him
+alone, and let him curse; for the Lord hath
+said it to him.
+
+12 Perhaps the Lord will look on my
+affliction," and the Lord will requite me good
+instead of his cursing this day.
+
+13 ^ And David and his men went (thus)
+on the way.
+
+T[ And Shim'i went on the side of the
+mount opposite to him, and cursed as he
+went, and threw stones toward him, and cast
+dust.*
+
+14 ^ And the king, and all tlie peo]ile
+that were with him, arrived Aveary, and re-
+freshed themselves there."
+
+° Rashi after Jonathan, "(the tears of) my eye."
+"" Others, "cast up the dust," viz., in walking hcfure
+David. ' Bachurim.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XVI. XVII.
+
+
+15 And Abshalom, iind all the people the
+men of Israel, came to Jerusalem, and Achi-
+thopliol (iilso) with him.
+
+16 Anil it oanu' to pass, when Chushai the
+Arkite, David's friend, was come unto Ab-
+slialom, that Chushai said unto Abshalom,
+Long- liv^e the king! Long live the king!
+
+17 And Abshalom said to Chushai, Is this
+thy kindness for thy friend? why art thou
+not gone with thy friend?
+
+18 And Chushai said unto Abshalom, No;
+but whom the Lord, and this people, and all
+the men of Israel have chosen, his will I be,
+and with him will I remain.
+
+19 And secondly, who is it whom I shall
+serve? is it not in the presence of his son? as
+I liave served in thy father's presence, so will
+I be in thy presence.
+
+20 ]f Then said Abshalom to Achithophel,
+Hold counsel among yourselves as to what we
+shall do.
+
+21 And Achithophel said unto Abshalom,
+Go in unto thy lather's concul^ines, whom he
+hath left to guard the house; and all Israel
+will hear that thou art in bad odour with
+thy father: and then Avill the hands of all
+that are with thee become strong.
+
+22 So they spread for Abshalom a tent upon
+the roof; and Abshalom went in unto his
+lather's conculjines before the eyes of all
+Israel.
+
+23 And the counsel of Achithophel, which
+he counselled in those days, Avas as if a man
+had asked advice of the word of God: so was
+all the counsel of Achithophel both with
+David and with Abshalom. .
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 T[ Moreover Achithophel said unto Ab-
+shalom, D(j let me now select twelve thou-
+sand men, and I will arise and pursue after
+David this night;
+
+2 And I will come upon him while he is
+weary and weak-handed, and will terrify him;
+so that all the people that are with him will
+tiee; and I will smite the king alone;
+
+3 And I will bring back all the people unto
+thee: when all return (except") the man whom
+thou seekest, all the people will be in peace.
+
+
+' After Sacbs, who follows Rashi, in supplying "ex-
+cept," meaning, tbat David aloue should perish, where-
+fore the whole people would submit to Abshalom without
+
+
+4 And the thing Avas pleasing in the eyes
+of Abshalom, and in the eyes of .all the elders
+of Israel.
+
+5 ^ Then said Abshalom, Do call now also
+Chushai the Arkite, and let us hear what he
+likewise beareth in his mouth.
+
+G And when (Inishai was come to Absha-
+lom, Abshalom said unto him, as followeth,
+Such words as these hath Achithophel spoken :
+shall we do after his words? if not, do thou
+speak.
+
+7 ][ And Chushai snid unto Abshalom,
+The counsel that Achithophel hath given at
+this time is not good.
+
+8 And Chushai said, Thou well knowest
+thy father and liis men, that they ai-e mighty
+men, and are of an imbittered spirit, as a bear
+robljed of her whelps in the field : and thy
+father is also a man of war, and will not lodge
+with the people.
+
+9 Behold, he is now hidden in some one
+of the pits, or in some one of the (other)
+places : and it will come to pass, when some
+of them should fall at the first onset, that who-
+soever heareth it would say, There hath been
+a slaughter among the people that follow Ab-
+shalom.
+
+10 And he also that is most valiant, whose
+heart is as the heart of the lion, would Ijeconie
+quite discouraged ; for all Israel knoweth that
+thy father is a mighty man, and they who
+are with him are valiant persons.
+
+11 But I counsel that all Israel be gathered
+together unto thee, from Dan even to Beer-
+sheba', like the sand that is by the sea in
+multitude: while thou in thy own person
+goest into the fight.
+
+12 And when we come upon him in some
+one of the places where he may be found, we
+will encamp around him as the dew falleth on
+the earth : and there shall not be left of
+him and of all tlu; men that are with him
+so much as one.
+
+13 And if he should withdraw into a city,
+then shall all Israel bring ropes to that city,
+and we will drag it into the stream, until
+there be not found there even one small
+stone.
+
+14 ^ And Abshalom and all the men of
+
+
+war. Philippson renders ty\xn as a collective noun, "the
+populace;" thus, "as soon as all the populace whom thou
+seekest return," &c.
+
+373
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XVII. XVIIt.
+
+
+Israel said, The counsel of Cliushai the Arkite
+is better thau the counsel of Achithophel.
+
+^ But the Lord had ordained to frustrate
+the good counsel of Achithophel, to the intent
+that the Lord might bring the evil upon Ab-
+shalom.
+
+15 Tl Then said Chushai unto Zadok and
+to Ebyathar the priests, Thus and thus did
+Achithophel counsel Abshalom and the elders
+of Israel; and thus and thus have I coun-
+selled.
+
+16 Now therefore send quickly, and tell
+David, saying. Lodge not this night in the
+plains of the wilderness, but rather pass over
+at once;" lest the king be entirely ruined,''
+and all the people that are with him.
+
+17 Now Jonathan and Achima'az were
+staying by 'En-rogel ; and a maid-servant had
+to go and tell them, that they should go and
+tell king David; for they dared not be seen
+to come into the city.
+
+18 Nevertheless a lad saw them, and told
+it to Abshalom ; but they went, both of them,
+quickly away, and came to the house of a
+man in Bachurim, who had a well in his
+court; and they went down thither.
+
+19 And the wife took and spread a covering
+over the well's mouth, and scattered ground
+corn thereupon; so that nothing was per-
+ceived.
+
+20 And Abshalom's servants came to the
+woman into the house, and they said. Where
+are Achima'az and Jonathan? And the wo-
+man said unto them, They are passed over
+the brook of water." And they sought, but
+could not find them; and they returned to
+Jerusalem.
+
+21 ][ And it came to pass, after they were
+gone, that they came up out of the well, and
+went and told it to king David, and they said
+unto David, Arise, and pass quickly over the
+water; for thus hath Achithophel counselled
+against you.
+
+22 Then did David arise, and all the peo-
+ple that were with him, and they passed over
+the Jordan: by the time the morning was
+light, not even one was lacking who had not
+passed over the Jordan.
+
+23 And when Achithophel saw that his
+
+
+• The Jordan.
+
+' Ileb. "be swalliiwed up."
+" Jonathan, " The Jordnn."
+.?71
+
+
+counsel was not followed, he saddled the ass,
+and arose, and went home to his house, to his
+city, and gave his chai'ge to his household,
+and hanged himself; and he died, and was
+buried in the sepulchre of his father.
+
+24 ^[ Then came David to Machanayim:
+and Abshalom passed over the Jordan, he
+and all the men of Israel with him.
+
+25 And Abshalom placed 'Amassa instead
+of Joiib as captain over the army : and 'Amassa
+was the son of a man, whose name was Yithra
+the Israelite, who had gone in to Abigal the
+daughter of Nachash/ the sister of Zeruyah
+Joab's mother.
+
+20 And Israel and Abshalom encamped In
+the land of Gil'ad.
+
+27 ^ And it came to pass, when David
+was come to Machanayim, that Shobi the son
+of Nachash of Kabbah of the cliildren of
+'Amnion, and Machir the son of 'Ammiel of
+Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gil'adite of Ro-
+gelim,
+
+28 Brought beds, and bowls, and earthen
+vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and
+parched coi'n, and beans, and lentiles, and
+parched pulse,
+
+29 And honey, and cream, and sheep, and
+cow's cheese, for David, and for the people
+that were with him, to eat; for they said.
+The people are hungry, and weary, and thirsty,
+in the wilderness.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 And David numbered the people that
+were with liim, and he set over them captains
+of thousands and captains of hundreds.
+
+2 And David sent forth the people a third
+part under the command of Joab, and a third
+part under the command of Abishai the son
+of Zeruyah, Joab's brother, and a third part
+under the command of Ittai the Gittite.
+
+^ And the king said unto the people, I
+myself also will without fail go forth with
+you.
+
+3 But the people said, Thou shalt not go
+forth; for if we should have to flee away,
+tliey will not care for us; and if half of us
+die, they will not care for us; for now thou
+art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now
+
+
+* Herxheimer supposes that Nachash may have been the
+first husband of David's mother; others think that Na-
+chash is idcntiral witli Josse.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XVIll.
+
+
+it is better tlitit thou shouldst be a succour
+to us out of the city.
+
+4 And tlie king said unto them, What
+seemeth good in your eyes will I do. And
+the king placed himself by the side of the
+gate, and all the people went out by hundreds
+and by thousands.
+
+5 And the king commanded Joiib and Abi-
+shai and Ittai, saying, Deal gently for my sake
+with the young man, with Abshalom. And
+all the people heard when the king charged
+all the captains with respect to Abshalom.
+
+6 So the people went out into the field
+against Israel: and the battle took place in
+the forest of Ephraim.
+
+7 And the peojile of Israel were smitten there
+before David's servants, and the slaughter was
+great there on that day — twenty thousand
+men.
+
+8 And the battle became extended there
+over the face of all the country: and the
+forest devoured yet more of the people than
+the sword had devoured on that daj^
+
+9 And Abshalom happened to come before
+the servants of David. And Abshalom was
+riding upon a mule, and the mule came under
+the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head
+caught hold of the oak, and he was left hang-
+ing'' Ijetween the heaven and the earth: and
+the mule that was under him passed on.
+
+10 And a certain man saw, and told it to
+Joilb, and said. Behold, I have seen Abshalom
+hanging on an oak.
+
+11 And Joab said unto the man that told
+him, And. behold, thou sawest him: why then
+didst thou not smite him there to the ground ?
+and it would have been obligatory on me to
+give thee ten shekels of silver and a girdle.
+
+12 And the man said unto Joiib, And
+though I should weigh on my hands a thou-
+sand shekels of silver, I would not stretch
+forth my hand against the kings son ; for be-
+fore our ears did the king charge thee and
+Abishai and Ittai, saying. Take heed, who-
+ever it lie, of the young man, of Abshalom.
+
+• Lit. "was put."
+
+*" Meaning, .Should I have even pretended not to know
+of the king's injunction, still would my life have paid the
+forfeit, as David discovers all things; and thou Joiib
+wouldest then have stood aloof, and let justice be executed
+against so common a man, without interposing. Phil-
+ippson translates, " or should I act falsely in my soul," i. e.
+against my better knowledge. — ij:n is not "against," but
+"at a distance," or as here given, " aloof"
+
+
+13 Or should I even have acted with false-
+hood against my own life, since there is no
+matter which can be hidden from the king;
+thou wouldst surely have placed thyself aloof'
+
+14 Then said Joiib, I will not wait" thus
+before thee. And he took three darts in his
+hand, and thrust them into the heart of
+Abshalom, who was yet alive in the midst''
+of the oak.
+
+15 And ten young men, Joab's armour-
+bearers, encompassed and smote Abshalom,
+and slew him.
+
+IG And Joiib blew the cornet, and the peo-
+ple returned from pursuing after Israel; for
+Joiib restrained the people.
+
+17 And they took Abshalom, and cast him
+down in the forest, into the large pit, and
+erected upon him a very great heap of stones :
+and all Israel fled, every one, to his tents.
+
+18 Now Abshalom had taken and reared
+up for himself in his lifetime, the pillar, which
+is in the king's dale; for he said, I have no"
+son, so as to keep my name in remembrance;
+and he called the pillar after his own name :
+and it was called Abshalom's monument,
+even until this day.
+
+19 ^ And Achima'az the son of Zadok
+said, Do let me run, I pray thee, and bear
+the king tidings, tliat the Lord hath done
+him justice from the power of his enemies.
+
+20 And Joiib said unto him, Thou art not
+the man to bear (good) tidings this day, and
+thou shalt bear tidings another day ; but this
+day thou shalt bear no tidings, because the
+king's son is dead.
+
+21 ^ Then said Joiib to the Cushi,^ Go
+tell the king what thou hast seen. And
+Cushi bowed himself unto Joiib, and ran.
+
+22 Then said Achima'az the son of Zadok
+yet again to Joiib, Be it as it may, let me, I
+pray thee, run also after the Cu.shi. And Joiib
+said, Wherefore is it that thou wilt run, my son,
+seeing that thou hast no profitable^ tidings ?
+
+23 But be it as it may, let me run. And
+he said unto him. Run. And Achima'az ran
+
+° Rasbi, "entreat thee."
+
+" Heb. " heart."
+
+■^ Some suppose that it means, that none of his sons
+was destined to succeed him; others, that perhaps they
+had not been born when he erected this pillar; others
+that they had died.
+
+' Probably an ./Ethiopian attached to David's service.
+
+' After Rashi.
+
+375
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XVIII. XIX.
+
+
+by the way of the plain, and passed the
+Cushi.
+
+24 And David was sitting between the two
+gates: and the watchman" went up to the
+roof of the gate, upon the wall, and as he
+lifted up his eyes, he saw, and behold, a man
+
+
+was running alone.
+
+
+25 And the watchman ci'ied, and told it to
+the king. And the king said, If he be alone,
+there are tidings in his mouth. And he came
+nearer and nearer continually.
+
+26 And the watchman saw another man
+running: and tlie watchman called unto the
+gate-keeper, and said, Behold, here is a man
+running alone. And the king said, Also this
+one bringeth tidings.
+
+27 And the watchman said, I regard the
+running of the foremost as the running of
+Achima'az the son of Zadok. And the king
+said. That is a good man, and with good tidings
+must he come.
+
+28 And Achima'az called, and said unto
+the king. Peace. And he prostrated himself
+to the king vfith his face to the earth, and
+said, Blessed be the Lord thy God, who hath
+surrendered the men that had lifted up their
+hand against my lord the king.
+
+29 ][ And the king said. Is the young man
+Abshalom safe?*" And Achima'az answered, I
+saw the greatest crowd when Joab sent off the
+king's" servant, and thy servant; but I know
+not what hath happened.
+
+30 And the king said. Turn aside, place
+thyself here. And he turned aside, and re-
+mained staTiding.
+
+31 And, behold, the Cushi came (next);
+and the Cushi said, Let my lord the king
+receive the tidings, that the Lord hath done
+thee justice this day trom the power of all
+those that had risen up against thee.
+
+32 ]f And the king said unto the Cushi, Is
+the young man Abshalom safe? And the
+Cushi answered. May like the young man be
+the enemies of my lord the king, and all that
+have risen up against thee tor evil.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 ^ ''And the king was much moved, and
+
+
+• Correctly, " the look out."
+" Heb. " Is then! \,r:iPK to," &c.
+' i. e. The CiLshi and himself.
+'' This verse is the v. 83J of ch. xviii.
+version.
+
+;)76
+
+
+the Enelisl
+
+
+he went up to the upper chamber of the gate,
+and wept : and thus he said as he went, 0 my
+son Abshalom, my son, my son Abshalom!
+who would grant that I had died in thy stead,
+0 Abshalom, my son, my son !
+
+2 And it was told unto Joab, Behold, the
+king is weeping and he mourneth for Absha-
+lom.
+
+3 And the victory' on that day was turned
+into mourning unto all the people; for the
+people heard it said on that day, that the
+king was grieved for his son.
+
+4 And the people repaired by stealth on
+that day when coming into the city, as usually
+steal away the people who are ashamed when
+they flee in battle.
+
+5 But the king covered his face, and the
+king cried with a loud voice, 0 my son
+Abshalom, 0 Abshalom, my son, my son !
+
+6 ^f And Joiib came to the king, into the
+house, and said. Thou hast covered with
+shame this day the faces of all thy servants,
+who have saved thy life this day, and the
+life of thy sons and of thy daughters, and the
+life of thy wives, and the life of thy concu-
+bines ;
+
+7 Since thou lovest thy enemies, and hatest
+thy friends; for thou hast declared this day,
+that thou hast neither princes nor servants;'
+for I perceive this day, that if Abshalom were
+but alive, and we all were dead this day, that
+then it would have been just right in thy
+eyes.
+
+8 And now arise, go forth,, and speak to
+the heart^ of thy servants; for by the Lord
+have I sworn, that if thou go not forth, there
+shall not remain one man with thee this
+night: and this would be worse unto thee
+tlian all the evil that hath befallen thee from
+thy youth until now.''
+
+9 ^ Then the king arose, and sat in the
+gate. And they told it unto all the people,
+saying. Behold, the king is sitting in the gate.
+And all the people came before the king;
+but Israel lied, every man to his tents.
+
+10 ^ And all the people were contending
+tliroughout all the tribes of Israel, saying.
+The king hath saved us out of the hand of
+
+' Heb. "salvation," or "deliverance."
+' /. e. That they are nothing in his estimation.
+' i. c. Cheerfully and encouragingly.
+'' Because there wore yet many disaffected, who probably
+would have souf^ht David's life.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XIX.
+
+
+our cnoniies, and he it was that hath delivered
+usoutot'the hand of the Philistines; and now
+he is tied outof the land from hefore Abshalom.
+
+11 And Abshalom, whom we had anointed
+over us, died in battle: and now why are ye
+silent about bringing the king back?
+
+12 ^ And king David sent to Zadok and
+to Ehyathar the priests, saying, Speak ye unto
+the elders of Judah, saying, Why will you be
+the last to bring the king back to his house ?
+seeing the speech of all Israel is already come
+to the king, to his house.
+
+13 My brothers are ye, my bone and my
+flesh are ye : wherefore then will you be the
+last to bring Ijack the king ?
+
+14 And to 'Amassa shall ye say. Art thou
+not my bone and my flesh? May God do so
+to me, and may he thus continue to do, if
+thou shalt not be captain of the army before
+me continually in the room of JoJil).
+
+15 And he" tunied the heart of all the men
+of Judah, as of one man : and these sent unto
+the king, Eeturn thou, with all thy servants.
+
+16 So the king returned, and came as far
+as the Jordan ; and Judah came to Gilgal, to
+go forth to meet the king, to conduct the
+king over the Jordan.
+
+17 Then hastened Shim'i the son of Gera,
+the Benjamite, who was of Bachurim, and
+went down with the men of Judah to meet
+king David.
+
+18 And there were with him a thousand
+men of Benjamin, and Ziba the servant of
+the house of Saiil, and his fifteen sons and
+his twenty servants with him ; and they set
+hastily over the Jordan before the king.
+
+19 And there went over the ferry-boat to
+carry over the king's household, and to do
+what was good in his eyes. And Shim'i the
+son of Gera fell down befoi'e the king, as he
+was passing over the Jordan ;
+
+20 And he said unto the king. Let not my
+lord impute it unto me as iniquity, neither do
+thou remember that in which thy servant
+acted perversely on the day that my lord the
+king went forth out of Jerusalem, so that the
+king should lay it to his heart.
+
+21 For thy servant doth know that I have
+indeed sinned ; and, behold, I am come this
+day the first of all the house of Joseph'' to go
+down to meet my lord the king.
+
+
+e. 'Amassa; others refer ''he" to David.
+■2 X
+
+
+22 But Aljishai the son of Zeruyah spoke
+out and said. Shall Shim'i for this not be
+put to death, because he cursed the Lord's
+anointed?
+
+23 And David said, What have I to do
+with you, ye sons of Zeruyah, that ye should
+become a hinderance this day unto me? shall
+this day any man be put to death in Israel?
+for do I not know that this day I am king
+over Israel?
+
+24 And the king said unto Shim'i, Thou
+shalt not die. And the king swore unto him.
+
+25 1[ And Mephibosheth the (grand-)son
+of Saiil came down to meet the king, and he
+had not dressed his feet, nor trimmed his
+beard, nor washed his clothes, from the day
+that the king departed until the day that he
+came home in peace.
+
+26 And it came fo pass, when he was come
+to Jerusalem to meet the king, that the king
+said unto him. Wherefore didst thou not go
+with me, Mephibosheth?
+
+27 And he answered, My lord, 0 king, my
+servant deceived me; for thv sei'vant said, I
+will saddle for me the ass, that I ma}' ride
+thereon, and go with the king; because thy
+servant is lame.
+
+28 And he slandei'ed thy servant unto my
+lord the king; l)ut my loi'd the king is like
+an angel of God : do then what is good in
+thy eyes.
+
+29 For all of my father's house were no-
+thing but men deserving death with my lord
+the king : and yet didst thou set thy servant
+among those that eat at thy own table. What
+other merit therefore have I, and what to
+complain of yet farther unto the king ?
+
+30 \ And the king said unto him, For
+what purpose speakest thou yet thy words?
+I have said, Thou and Ziba shall divide the
+field.
+
+31 And Mephibosheth said unto the king,
+Yea, let him take the whole, since that my
+lord the king is come (back) in peace unto
+his own house.
+
+32 \ And Barzillai the Gil'adite came down
+from Eogelim ; and he passed over the Jordan
+with the king, to accompany him over the
+Jordan.
+
+33 Now Barzillai was very aged, eighty
+years old : and he had sustained the king
+
+
+e. All Israel, in opposition to Judah.
+
+377
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XIX. XX.
+
+
+while he lay at Machanayim; for he was a
+very great man.
+
+34 And the king said unto Barzillai, Come
+thou over with me, and I will sustain thee
+near me in Jerusalem.
+
+35 But Barzillai said unto the king, How
+many yet are the days of tlie years of my
+life, that I should go up with the king to
+Jerusalem ?
+
+30 I am eighty years old this day : can I
+discern between good and evil? or can thy
+servant taste what I eat or what I drink ? or
+can I listen yet to the voice of singing men
+and singing women? wherefore then should
+thy servant become yet a burden unto my
+lord the king?
+
+37 Thy servant will" pass a little way
+over the Jordan with the king: and why
+should the king recompense me with this re-
+ward ?
+
+38 Let thy servant, I pray thee, turn back
+again, that I may die in my own city, by the
+sepulchre of my father and of my mother.
+But, behold, thy servant Kimham will pass
+over with my lord the king; and do to him
+what is good in thy eyes.
+
+39 And the king said, Kimham shall
+pass over with me, and I will do to him that
+which shall seem good in thy eyes : and what-
+soever thou wilt desire of me,'' will I do for
+thee.
+
+40 And all the people passed over the Jor-
+dan, after the king had passed over; and the
+king kissed Barzillai, and blessed him; and
+he returned unto his own place.
+
+41 ^\ Then did the king pass on to Gilgal,
+and Kindian passed on with him : and all the
+jieople of Judah conducted the king, and also
+lialf the people of Israel.
+
+42 And, behold, all the men of Israel came
+to the king, and said unto the king, Why
+have our brethren the men of Judah stolen
+thee away, and have conducted the king and
+his household over the Jordan, and all David's
+men with him?
+
+43 T[ And all the men of Judah replied to
+the men of Israel, Because the king is near of
+kin to us: wherefore then are ye so angry
+for this matter? have we eaten the least
+
+" After Raslii ; but Sachs, " Scarcely is tliy servant able
+to pass over," &c.
+
+'' Lit. "choose by mc."
+"Jonathan, "of the king's property."
+378
+
+
+from the king?" or hath he given us any
+gift?
+
+44 ^ And the men of Israel answered the
+men of Judah, and said. Ten parts have we"*
+in the king, and also in David have we more
+right than ye: why then did ye esteem us
+lightly ? and w^as not our word the very lirst to
+bring back our king? And the words of the
+men of Judah were fiercer than the words of
+the men of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ][ And there happened to be a worthless
+man, wliose name was Sheba', the son of
+Biehri, a Benjamite : and he l)lew the cornet,
+and said, We have no irdvt in David, nor have
+we any inheritance in the son of Jesse : every
+man to his tents, 0 Israel !
+
+2 So every man of Israel went ofl' from
+David, following Sheba' the son of Biehri; but
+the men of Judah adhered unto their king,
+from the Jordan even to Jerusalem.
+
+3 And David came to his house at Jerusa-
+lem; and the king took the ten women, the
+concubines, whom he had left to guard the
+house, and put them in a guard-house, and
+provided ibr them, but went not in unto them.
+So they were confined until the day of their
+death, living in widowhood."
+
+4 T[ Then said the king to 'Amassa, Call
+together for me the men of Judah within
+three days, and thou present thyself here
+(then).
+
+5 So 'Amassa went to call Judah together;
+but he remained out longer than the set time
+which he had appointed him.
+
+G And David said to Abishai, Now will
+Sheba' the son of Biehri do us more harm
+than (did) Abshalom : take thou the servants
+of thy lord, and pursue after him, lest he suc-
+ceed in reaching fortified cities, and withdraw
+himself from our eyes.
+
+7 And there went out after him Joilb's
+men, and the Kerethites, and the Pelethitcs,
+and all the mighty men : and they went forth
+out of Jerusalem, to pursue alter Sheba' the
+son of Biehri.
+
+8 They were close by the great stone which
+is at Gib'on, as 'Amassa came before them.
+
+•^ Heb. "I," and so in this whole conversation, "I"
+and "thou," which are rendered here "we" and "you."
+
+' Lit. "widowhood life." TTTI njD'7iX signifies a woman
+forsaken by her husband, "a living widow."
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XX. XXI.
+
+
+And Joilb was girded with his coat, his (usual)
+garment, and upon it the girdle of the sword
+which was fastened upon his loins in its
+sheatli ; and as he went forth it fell out.
+
+9 And Joiib said to 'Amassa, Art thou in
+health, my brother? And Joiib's right hand
+took hold of 'Amassa's beard to kiss him."
+
+10 And 'Amassa did not guard himself
+against tlie sword that was in Joiib's hand:
+so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib and
+shed out his l)owels to the ground, and struck
+him not again ; and he died. But Joilb and
+Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba' the
+son of Bichri.
+
+11 And one man of Joab's people remained
+standing by him, and said, He that favoureth
+Joiib, and he that is for David, follow Joiib.
+
+1 12 And 'Amassa was wallowing in his blood
+in the midst of the highway. And when the
+man saw that all the people stood still, he
+put 'Amassa aside out of the highway into
+the field, and threw a garment over him,
+wlien he saw that every one that came by
+him stood still.
+
+13 When he was removed out of the high-
+way, every man passed on after Joiib, to pur-
+sue after Sheba' the son of Bichri.
+
+14 And this one passed through all the
+tribes of Israel unto Abel, which is of Beth-
+ma' achah, and all the Berim:'' and they as-
+sembled themselves together, and went also
+after him.
+
+15 And they came and besieged him in
+Abel of Beth-ma' achah, and they cast up a
+trench against the city, and it stood enclosed
+by the troops f and all the people that were
+with
+wall.
+
+IG Then called a wise woman out of the
+city, Hear, hear: say, I pray you, unto Joiib,
+Come near as fiir as hither, that I may speak
+with thee.
+
+17 And when he was come near unto her,
+the woman said, Art thou Joiib? And he
+
+
+" iS may either refer to 'Amassa thus, "him," or to the
+beard, when we should say, " it." Kissing the beard is
+the usual manner of saluting in the East, according to
+D'Arvieux. — Philippson.
+
+' Rabbi Joseph Sehwarz, in his Geography, p. 203,
+states that this means a district near Abel-beth-ma'achah
+near which were several towns called Bir!,Bei:rotli, Biri/a;
+collectively, "the Berim."
+
+' After Jonathan; but Philippson, "and it (the trench)
+
+
+Joiib were battering to throw down the
+
+
+said, I am. Then said she unto him. Hear
+the w^ords of thy hand-maid. And he said,
+I do hear.
+
+18 Then said she, tlius. They ought surely
+first to have spoken, saying, "Let them ask
+at least in Abel:" and so would they have
+come to an end.""
+
+19 I am one of the peaceful and laithful
+(cities) in Israel ; thou seekest to overthrow a
+city and a metropolis in Israel : why wilt
+thou destroy the inheritance of the Lord?
+
+20 ^] And Joiib answered and said. Far Ije
+it, far be it from me, that I should destroy
+or ruin.
+
+21 The matter is not so; but a man from
+the mountain of Ephraim, Sheba' the son of.
+Bichri is his name, hath lifted up his hand
+against the king, against David : give him up
+alone, and I will withdraw I'rom the city.
+And the woman said unto Joilb, Behold, liis
+head shall be cast down to thee over the
+wall.
+
+22 And the woman came unto all the peo-
+ple with her wisdom; and they cut off the
+head of Sheba' the son of Bichri, and cast it
+down to Joiib : and he blew the cornet, and
+they scattered themselves from the city, every
+man to his tents. And Joiib returned to Je-
+rusalem unto the king.
+
+23 ^ Now Joilb was over all the army of
+Israel; and Benayah the son of Yehoyada'
+was over the Kerethites and over the Pele-
+thites ;
+
+24 And Adoram was over the tribute ; and
+Jehoshaphat the son of Achilud was recorder ;
+
+25 And Sheva was scribe; and Zadok and
+Ebyathar were priests;
+
+26 And 'Ira also the Yairite was an officer
+of state unto David.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ And there was a famine in the days
+of David three years, year after year; and
+David besought" the presence of the Lord.
+
+
+stood against the fortifications," i. e. it reached to their
+height. Others, "the city stood with its inner wall,"
+i. e. the outer one being already thrown down.
+
+* After Rashi ; meaning, before destroying Abel they
+should have resolved to ask the men of the city to come
+to terms, which could readily have been arranged.
+
+° After Jonathan. Others, " sought," i. e. inquired
+what should be done, through the Urim and Thummim
+
+37b
+
+
+^
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XXI.
+
+
+j[ And the Lord said, On account of Saiil,
+and on the account of the house of blood, is
+tiiis; because he liath slain the Gib'onites.
+
+2 And the king called for the Gil/onites,
+and said unto them; (now the Gib'onites are
+not of the children of Israel, but of the rem-
+nant of the Emorites; and the children of
+Israel had sworn unto them; but Saiil had
+sought to slay them in his zeal for the chil-
+dren of Israel and Judah;)
+
+3 Wherefore David said unto the Gib'on-
+ites, What shall I do for 30U ? and wherewith
+shall I make the atonement, that je may
+bless the inhei'itance of the Lord ?
+
+4 And the Gib'onites said unto him, We
+have no concern of silver or gold with Saiil
+and with his house; nor do we wish to kill any
+man in Israel. And he said. What ye say,
+will I do for you.
+
+5 And they said to the king, The man
+that consumed us, and that devised against
+us that we should be destroyed, so that we
+should have no footing in all the boundaries
+of Israel, —
+
+G Let there be delivered unto us seven
+men of his sons, and we will hang them up
+unto the Lord in Gib'ah of Saiil, the chosen
+of the Lord.
+
+^f And the king said, I will give them.
+
+7 But the king had pity on Mephibosheth,
+the son of Jonathan the son of Saiil, because
+of the Lord's oath that was between them,
+between David and Jonathan the son of Saiil.
+
+8 And the king took the two sons of Riz-
+2)ah the daughter of Ayah, whom she had
+born unto Saiil, Armoni and Mephibosheth;
+and the five sons of Michal the daughter of
+Saiil, whom she had brought' up for 'Adriel
+the son of BarzilJai the Mecholatliite :
+
+9 And he delivered them into the hand of
+the Giiyonites, and they hanged them on the
+mount before the Lord ; and they fell, these
+seven, together; and they were put to death
+in the first'' days of harvest, in the beginning
+of tiie barley-harvest.
+
+H) And Rizpah the daughter of Ayah took
+sacl'Ccloth, and spread out it for herself upon
+the rock, from the beginning of the harvest
+
+
+° As ]\licli;il was David's wife ; but tlie cliildren were
+tliose of Merab, the oldest daughter of Saiil, who were
+probably educated by her Hister.
+
+'' Lit. " in the days of harvet^t, iu the fii-st."
+S80
+
+
+until water dropped down upon them out of
+heaven, and she suffered neither the birds of
+heaven to rest on them by day, nor the beasts
+of the field by night.
+
+11 And it was told to David what Rizpah
+the daughter of Ayah, the concubine of Saiil,
+had done.
+
+12 And David then went and took the
+bones of Saiil and the bones of Jonathan his
+son from the men of Yabesh-gifad, who had
+stolen them from the market-place of Beth-
+shan, where the Philistines had hanged them
+up, at the time the Philistines had smitten
+Saiil at Gilboii' :
+
+13 And he brought up from there the
+bones of Saiil and the Ijones of Jonathan his
+son; and they gathered up the bones of tliose
+that had been han2;ed.
+
+14 And they buried the bones of Saiil ;Hid
+Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin
+at Zela', in the sepulchre of Kish his father :
+and they performed all that the king had
+commanded. And after tliat God was en-
+treated for the land.
+
+15 \ And the Philistines had again a war
+with Israel; and David went down, and his
+servants with him, and fought against the
+Philistines : and David became fatiaued.
+
+10 And Yishbi at Nob, who was of the chil
+dren of the Raphah," the weight of whose
+spear was three hundred shekels of copper,
+he being girded with a new armour, thought
+to slay David.
+
+17 But Abishai the son of Zeruyah suc-
+coured him, and smote the Philistine, and
+killed him. Then swore the men of David
+unto him, saying. Thou shalt go out no more
+witli us to battle, that thoii mayest not quench
+tlie lamp of Israel.
+
+18 T[ And it came to pass after this, that
+there was again a battle at Gob with the Philis-
+tines: then smote Sibbechai the Chushathite
+Saph, who was of the children of the Raphah.
+
+19 And there was again a battle at Gob
+with the Philistines, when Elchanun the son
+of Ya'are-oregim, the Beth-lechemite, slew
+Goliath'' the Gittite, the staff of whose spear
+was like a weaver's beam.
+
+
+" Other.s translate the word, " the giant."
+
+^ A younger Goliath ; perhaps a descendant of the one
+
+slain by David in his youth. In 1 Chron. xx. 5, he is
+
+called "Laclimi, brother of (.loliatli," &c.
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XXI. XXII.
+
+
+20 Tl And there was again a battle in Gatli,
+where was a man of (great) stature," that had
+on every hand six fin"ers, and on every foot
+six toes, (in all) four and twenty in number;
+and he also was born to the Raphah.
+
+21 And he defied Israel; but Jonathan the
+son of Shim'ah the brother of David slew
+him.
+
+22 These four were born to the Raphah in
+Gath ; and they fell by the hand of David,
+and by the hand of his servants.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 ^[ And David spoke unto the Lord the
+words of this song, on the day that the Lord
+had delivered him out of the hand of all his
+enemies, and out of the hand of Saiil.
+
+2 And he said, Lord, my rock, my fortress,
+and my deliverer ;
+
+.3 God, my rock, in whom I trust;'' my
+shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high
+tower, and my refuge, my saviour! from vio-
+lence dost thou save me !
+
+4 Praised," I cried, be the Lord, and from
+my enemies was I saved.
+
+5 For the waves of death encompassed me,
+the floods of destruction'^ made me afraid ;
+
+6 The bonds of hell encircled me, the
+snares of death seized on me :
+
+7 (When) in my distress I called upon the
+Lord, and to my God I cried ; and he heard
+from his temple my voice, and my complaint
+(entered) into his ears.
+
+8 Then shook and trembled the earth; the
+foundations of the heavens were moved; and
+they shook, because he was wroth.
+
+9 Smoke went up in his anger," and con-
+suming fire out of his mouth, coals flamed forth
+from him.
+
+10 And he bent the heavens, and came
+down, and thick darkness was under his feet.
+
+11 And he rode upon a cheruli. and flew
+along, and he w^as seen upon the wings of the
+wind.
+
+12 And he made darkness round about
+him into pavilions, heavy masses of w^aters,
+thick clouds of the skies.
+
+
+' Philippson and Sachs, "a champiou."
+'' ''With whom I seek protection." — S.\CHS.
+° Mendelssohn. Others render, "I call on the praised
+sno, on the Lord."
+■' " Bands of tho wicked." — Jon.vtha.v.
+
+
+13 From tlie brightness before him flamed
+forth coals of fire.
+
+14 The Lord thundered from heaven, and
+the Most High uttered forth his voice.
+
+15 And he sent out arrows, and scattered
+them; lightning, and discomfited them.
+
+16 And then were seen the channels of the
+sen, there were laid open the foundations of
+the world; at the reljuke of the Lord, through
+the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
+
+17 He stretched out from above (his hand),
+he took me; he drew me out from the mighty
+waters.
+
+18 He delivered me from my enemy, the
+strong, from those that hated me, when they
+were too mighty for me.
+
+19 They overcame me on the da}' of my
+calamity ; but the Lord became my stay ;
+
+20 And he brought me forth into a large
+space : he delivered me, because he had delight
+in me.
+
+21 The Lord rewarded me according to
+my righteousness: according to the purity of
+m}' hands did he recompense me.
+
+22 For I had kept the ways of the Lord,
+and had not wickedly departed from my God.
+
+23 For all his ordinances were befoi'e me,
+and from none of his statutes did I depart.
+
+24 I was also upright*^ toward him, and I
+guarded myself against my iniquity.
+
+25 Therefore did the Lord recompense me
+according to my righteousness, according to
+my purity before his eyes.
+
+26 With the kind thou wilt show thyself
+kind ; with the upright mighty" man thou
+wilt show thyself upright.
+
+27 With the pure thou wilt show thyself
+pure; and wdth the perverse thou wilt wage a
+contest.
+
+28 And the afflicted people thou wilt save;
+but thy eyes are upon the haughty, (that)
+thou mayest bring (them) down.
+
+29 For thou art my lamp, 0 Lord! and the
+Lord will enlighten my darkness.
+
+30 For (aided) by thee I run through a
+troop : (helped) by my God I leap over a wall.
+
+31 As for God — his way is perfect; the
+
+
+° Others, " from his nostrils."
+' "I belong entirely to him." — Sacus.
+s After Sachs. Redak, however, regards ^UJ here sim-
+ply as ^^2i "man;" hence, "the upright man."
+
+
+381
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+word of the Lord is tried; he is a shield to
+all that trust in him.
+
+32 For who is god, save the Lord? and
+who is a rock, save our God?
+
+33 God is my strength'' and power; and
+he rendereth free from obstruction my way.
+
+34 He maketh my feet like those of the
+hinds, and upon my high places he causeth
+me to stand.
+
+35 He teacheth my hands for tlie wax*, so
+that a brazen bow is bent by my arms.
+
+36 And thou gavest me the shield of thy
+salvation; and thy assistance'' hath made me
+gi'eat.
+
+37 Thou enlargest my steps under me, so
+that my joints do not slip.
+
+38 I pursue my enemies and destroy them;
+and I return not again until I have made an
+end of them.
+
+39 And I make an end of them, and I
+crush them, that they cannot rise; and they
+fall under my feet.
+
+40 For thou hast girded me with strength
+for the Avar; thou subduest my opponents
+under me.
+
+41 And my enemies thou causest to turn
+their back to me; those that liate me, — that
+I may destroy them.
+
+42 They look about, but there is none to
+help ; unto the Lord — but he answereth them
+not.
+
+43 And I beat them small as the dust of
+the earth ; as the mire of the street, I stamp
+them, I tread them down.
+
+44 Thou hast also delivered me from the
+contests of my people : thou preservest me to
+be the head of nations, a people which I
+know not shall serve me.
+
+45 The children of the stranger shall utter
+Hattery" unto me; as soon as their ear hear-
+eth'' they shall be obedient unto me.
+
+40 The children of the stranger shall fade
+
+
+* "My mighty fortress." — Sachs.
+
+^ Rashi, "meekuefis." Eng. version, "gentleness."
+Sachs, "favour." Philippson, "thy hearing of prayer."
+But our version is after Jonathan, who has -jID'aai
+ljpil33l "anJ thy word and assistance."
+
+' "From fear of nie they will tell falsehoods." — Rashi.
+"Submit themselves." — Enq. version.
+
+" I-it. "at the hearing of the ear."
+
+° Ilashi. Piiilippson, "they come forth armed," ?. e.
+at David's bidding.
+
+' Others, "later," or those subsequent to the preceding.
+
+383 * ^
+
+
+away, and come forth tottering'' out of their
+close 2)l<ices.
+
+47 The Lord liveth, and blessed be my
+Rock; and exalted be the God, the Rock of
+my salvation ;
+
+48 The God, that granteth me vengeance,
+and bringeth down nations under me ;
+
+49 And that bringeth me forth from my
+enemies : also above my opponents thou liftest
+me up, from the man of violence thou delivcr-
+est me.
+
+50 Therefore will I give thanks unto thee,
+0 Lord, among the nations, and unto thy
+name will I sing praises;
+
+51 (To) the tower of salvation of his king,
+and who showeth kindness to his anointed, to
+David and to his seed for ever.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 T[ And these are the last' w^ords of
+David. Thus saith^ David the son of Jesse,
+and thus saith the man who was raised up
+on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob,
+and the sweet'' singer of Israel :
+
+2 The Spirit of the Lord spoke through
+me, and his word was upon my tongue.
+
+3 (Thus) said the God of Israel, concerning
+me spoke the Rock of Israel, That (I should
+be) ruler over men, be righteous, ruling in
+the fear of God ;
+
+4 And' as in the light of morning the sun
+riseth, in a morning without clouds, with
+more than the brightness (reflected) by rain
+on the herbs that spring from the earth.
+
+5 Truly is not so my house with God?
+since he hath made with me an everlasting
+covenant, firm in all, and sure? yea, will he
+not cause to grow all my salvation, and all
+my desire ?''
+
+6 But the godless are all of them as waving
+thorns, which cannot be taken in the hand ;
+
+7 But the man that will touch them must
+
+
+^ Sachs, and others, "assertion."
+
+'■ Lit. "agreeable (or beloved) through songs" (or
+Psalms).
+
+' This describes the nature of David's prosperity.
+
+'' The verses 3 and 4 are after Rashi ; verse 5 is given
+after Philippson; but Rashi renders, "For not so is my
+house with God, that my morning should be cloudy; for
+an everlasting covenant hath he granted me, well ordered
+in all and guarded; for he is all my help and my desire,
+because he will not let grow another king after my
+kingdom,"
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XXIIl.
+
+
+protect his hand with iron and the staff of a
+spear: and they will be utterly burnt with
+hre in the dwelling."
+
+8 ^ These are the names of the mighty
+men whom David had: Yosholvbasheljeth,''
+the Thachkemonite, the chief among the cap-
+tains,— the same as 'Adino the 'Eznite, — be-
+cause of eight hundred slain at one time.
+
+9 *i\ And after him was El'azar the son of
+Dodo, the son of Achochi, one of the three
+mighty men with David, when they defied
+the Philistines that were there gathered to-
+gether to battle, and the men of Israel had
+\vitlidrawn themselves ;
+
+lU He then arose, and smote the Philistines
+until liis hand was weary, and his hand did
+cleave unto the sword : and the Lord wrought
+a great victory on that day; and the people
+returned after him only to strip (the slain).
+
+11 ^ And after him was Shammah the
+son of Age the Hararite. The Philistines
+were gathered together into a troop," and
+there was a piece of ground full of lentiles;
+and the people had fled from tlie Philistines;
+
+12 But he placed himself in the midst of
+the ground, and delivered it, and smote the
+Philistines: and the Lord wrought a great
+victory.
+
+13 And these three, the chiefs of the thirty,
+went down, and came to David at harvest-
+time unto the cave of 'Adullam: and the
+troop of the Philistines was encamped in the
+\alley of Rephaim.
+
+14 And David was then in the strong-hold,
+and an outpost of the Philistines was then in
+Betli-lecliem.
+
+15 And David longed, and said. Oh that
+one would brins; me water to drink out of the
+well at Beth-lechem, which is by the gate!
+
+l(j And the three mighty men broke
+through the camp of the Philistines; and
+drew water out of the well of Beth-lechem,
+that was by the gate, and took it, and brought
+it to David; but he would not drink thereof,
+and poured it out unto the Lord.
+
+
+" Sachs. Philippson, "on their own phico," i. e. on the
+spot where they grow.
+
+'' Rashi, "who sat among the jiulges and was wise."
+(Jthers, "the private counsellor, Thaehkemoni." Phi-
+lippson, very peculiarly, " Yosheb-bashebeth-thachkeiuoni,
+the captain of the body-guard; he struck with his spear
+right hundred slain at one time." ':i"i'n U'l^' Dr. P.
+translates thus : "striking down with his spear," — deriving
+
+
+1 7 And he said. Far be it from me, 0 Lord,
+that I should do this: (is not this) the blood
+of the men that went at the risk of their
+life? and thus he would not drink it. These
+things did the three mighty men.
+
+18 *[] And Al)ishai, tlie brother of Joiib, the
+son of Zeru3'ah, was the chief of these three ;
+and he lifted u]) his spear against three hun-
+dred slain, and had a uame among the three.
+
+19 Although he was the most honoured of
+the three, wherefore he became their captain :
+he nevertheless attained not unto the three
+(in prowess).
+
+20 ^ And Benayahu the son of Yehoyada',
+the son of a valiant man, great in many acts
+of Kabzeel; he it was that smote the two
+lion-like heroes of Moiib; he also went dt)wn
+and slew a lion in the midst of a pit on a day
+when it snowed ;
+
+21 And he slew an Egyptian, a man of
+good appearance; and the Egyptian had a
+spear in his hand; but he went down to him
+with a staff, and he snatched the spear out
+of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with
+his own spear.
+
+22 These things did Benayahu the son of
+Yehoyada', and he had a name among the
+three mighty men.
+
+2.3 He was more honoured than the thirty;
+but he attained not to these three.'' And
+David appointed him in his private council."
+
+24 ^\ 'Asahel the brother of Joab was one
+of the thirty; Elchanan the son of Dodo of
+Beth-lechem,
+
+25 T[ Shanunah the Charodite, Elika the
+Charodite,
+
+26 ][ Chelez the Paltite, 'Ira the son of
+'Ikkesh the Teko'ite,
+
+27 ^ Abi'ezer the 'Anethothite, Mebunnai
+the Chushathite,
+
+28 ][ Zalmon the Achochite, Maharai the
+Netophathite,
+
+29 ][ Cheleb the son of Ba'anah, the Ne-
+tophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai of Gib'ah
+of the children of Benjamin,
+
+these words from the Arabic; but the construction is too
+obscure. Our version is after Sachs, renderiug Si' "be-
+cause," /. e. he was made the chief of the captains for the
+great feat of valour in causing the death of eight hundred
+at one time.
+
+" Redak, "at Chayah."
+
+^ I. r. Brave as he was, the three first excelled him.
+
+' Others, "guard,"
+
+' " 383
+
+
+2 SAMUEL XXIII. XXIV.
+
+
+30 Tf Benayahii the Pir'athonite, Hiddai
+of Nachale-Ga'ash,
+
+31 ^ Abi-'albon the 'Arbathite, 'Azmaveth
+the Barchumite,
+
+32 ^ Elyachba the Sha'albonite, Bne-ya-
+shen, Jonathan,"
+
+33 T[ Shammah the Hararite, Achiam the
+son of Sharar the Ararito,
+
+34 ^ Elijjhelet the son of Achasbai, the
+son of the Ma'achathite, Eli'am the son of
+Achithophel the Gilonite,
+
+35 ^ Chezrai the Carmelite, Pa'arai the
+Arbite,
+
+36 t Yigal the son of Nathan of Zobah,
+Bani the Gadite,
+
+37 T[ Zelek the 'Ammonite, Nacharai the
+Beerothite, the armour-bearer of Joalj the son
+of Zeruyah,
+
+38 1[ 'Ira the Yithrite, Gareb the Yithrite,
+
+39 ii Uriyah the Hittite : in all thirty and
+seven.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ And again was the anger of the Lord
+kindled against Israel, and he incited David
+against them to say, Go, number Israel and
+Judah.
+
+2 And the king said to Joab the captain
+of the army, who was with him, Traverse,
+I pray thee, all the tribes of Israel, from
+Dan even to Beer-sheba', and number ye the
+people, that I may know the number of the
+people.
+
+3 Then said Joab unto the king, Now may
+the Lord thy God add unto the people, how
+many soever they be, a hundred-fold more,
+and may the eyes of my lord the king see it;
+but why doth my lord the king find delight
+in this thing?
+
+4 Nevertlieless the king's word remained
+firm against Joiib, and against the captains
+of the army: and Joilb and the captains of
+the army went out from'' the presence of the
+king, to numljcr the ])eople of Israel.
+
+5 And they passed over the Jordan, and
+encamped in 'Aro'er, on the right side of the
+city that lieth in the midst of the valley of
+Gad, and toward Ya'zer:
+
+* Eng. ver., "of the sons of Yashen, Jonathan."
+
+'' Lit. "before tlic king;" and so it is rendered by Phi-
+
+lippson, after Jonathan.
+
+" Philippson, "the new lowhmd," which had probably
+
+been newly conquered by the Ilciibcnites. (1 Chrou. v. 10.)
+;!84
+
+
+6 Then they came to Gil'ad, and to the
+land of Tachtim-chod.shi f and they came to
+Dan-ya'an, and about to Zidon;
+
+7 And they came to the strong-hold of
+Tyre, and to all the cities of the Hivites, and
+of the Canaanites; and they went out to the
+south of Judah, up to Beer-sheba'.
+
+8 And so they traversed all the land, and
+they came at the end of nine months and
+twenty days to Jerusalem.
+
+9 And Joab gave up the sum of the num-
+ber of the people unto the king: and there
+were in Israel eight hundred thousand valiant
+men that drew the sword; and the men of
+Judah were five hundred thousand men.
+
+10 And David's heart smote him after that
+he had numbered the people.
+
+Tl And David said unto the Lord, I have
+sinned greatly in what I have done ; and now,
+I beseech thee, 0 Lord, cause the iniquity of
+thy servant to pass away; for I have acted
+very foolishly.
+
+11 And when David was arisen in the
+
+
+ni
+morning,
+
+][ The word of the Lord came unto Gad
+the prophet, David's seer, saying,
+
+12 Go and speak unto David, Thus hath
+said the Lord, Three things do I oflFer'' thee :
+choose for thyself one of them, and I will
+do it unto thee.
+
+13 So Gad came to David, and told it unto
+him ; and he said unto him. Shall there come
+unto thee seven years of famine in thy land ?
+or three month.s, that thou flee before thy
+enemies, while they pursue thee? or that
+there be for three days a pestilence in thy
+laud? now consider and see what word I shall
+bring back to him that hath sent me.
+
+14 ^ And David said unto Gad, I am in
+a great strait : let us fiiU then into the hand
+of the Loud, — for his mercies are great; but
+let me not fall into the hand of man.
+
+15 And the Lord sent a pestilence in
+Israel from the morning even to the time
+appointed :° and there died of the people from
+Dan even to Beer-sheba' seventy thousand
+men.
+
+16 And when the angel stretched out his
+
+
+* Heb. "I lay upon thee."
+
+' {. c. Tlie three days agreed on.
+
+
+But Juiuitban, after
+the Talmud, limits the plague to the time that the daily
+sacrifice was burnt; some even that the mortality lasted
+but about an hour.
+
+
+1 KINGS I.
+
+
+liand over Jerusalem tu destroy it, the Lord
+belliought himself of the evil, and said to the
+angel that destroyed among the people, It is
+enough : now stay thy hand. And the angel
+of the Lord was by the threshing-floor of
+Aravnah the Jebusite.
+
+17 ^ And David spoke unto the Lord
+when he saw the ansel that smote among
+the people, and said, Lo. I have indeed
+sinned, and I have truly done wickedly;
+but these sheep, what have the}- done? let
+thy hand, I pray thee, be against me, and
+against my father's house.
+
+18 ^ And Gad came to David on that
+day, and said unto him, Go up, erect an
+altar unto the Lord on the threshing-floor I
+of Aravnah the Jebusite.
+
+19 And David went up, according to the,
+word of Gad, as the Lord had commanded.
+
+20 And Aravnah looked up, and saw the
+king and his servants coming on toward him :
+and Aravnah went out, and bowed himself I
+before the king with his face to the ground.
+
+2 1 ][ And Aravnah said, Wherefore is my ,
+
+
+lord the king come to his servant? And
+David said. To buy from thee the threshing-
+floor, to build an altar unto the Lord, that
+the i)lague may be stayed from the people.
+
+22 And Aravnalr said unto David, Let my
+lord the king take and ofler up what seemeth
+good in his eyes : behold, the oxen are here
+for burnt-olferings. and the threshing-rollers
+and the harness of the oxen for wood.
+
+23 All these things did Aravnah, the king,"
+give unto the king.
+
+Tf And Aravnah said unto the king, May
+the Lord thy God receive thee favourably.
+
+24 And the king said unto Aravmdi, No;
+but I will surely buy it from thee at the value;
+for I will not offer burnt-offerings unto the
+Lord my God without paying therefijr. So
+David bought the threshing-floor and the oxen
+for fifty shekels of silver.
+
+25 And David built there'' an altar unto
+the Lord, and offered burnt-ofierings and peace-
+offerings: and the Lord Avas entreated*" for
+the land, and the plague was stayed from
+Israel.
+
+
+THE FIRST BOOK OF THE KINGS,
+
+
+'x DoV'J 15D.
+
+
+CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL FROM THE DEATH OF DAVID TU THAT
+
+OF JEHOSHAPHAT.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 Now king David was old, stricken in
+years; and they covered him Avith clothes,
+but he could not become warm.
+
+2 Wherefore his servants said unto him,
+Let them seek out for my lord the king a
+young vii'gin, and let her stand before the
+king, and let her be an attendant on him;
+
+
+' Tradition represents Aravnah as a proselyte and former
+king or chief of Jebus, or Jerusalem.
+
+"■ The spot is said to have been the one where Solomon
+built the temple.
+
+2 Y
+
+
+and let her lie in thy besom, that my lord
+the king may become warm.
+
+3 So they sought for a fair maiden through-
+out all the territory of Israel; and they found
+Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to
+the king.
+
+4 And the nutiden was exceedingly fiiir; and
+she became an attendant on the king, and
+ministered to him ; but the king knew her not.
+
+
+" This expression means that the Loud accepted the
+prayers of the people; whereas before this their entreaties
+seem to have been unavailing, since so many calamities
+overcame them one after annlher.
+
+385
+
+
+1 KINGS I.
+
+
+5 And Adoniyah the son of Chaggith ex-
+alted himself, saying, I shall be king: and he
+procured himself a chariot and horsemen, and
+fifty men who ran l^efore him.
+
+6 And his father had never grieved him
+in all his life by saj-ing, Why hast thou done
+so? and he also was of a very goodly form;
+and his mother had Ijorn him after Absha-
+lom.°
+
+7 And he had conferences with Joiib the
+son of Zeruyah, and with Ebyathar the priest:
+and the}-, following Adoniyah, helped him.
+
+8 But Zadok the priest, and Benayahu the
+son of Yehoyada', and Nathan the prophet,
+and Shim'i, and Re'i, and the mighty men
+that belonged to David, were not with Adoni-
+yah.
+
+9 And Adoniyali slaughtered sheep and
+oxen and fatted cattle by the stone Zocheleth,
+which is by 'En-rogel ;'' and he invited all his
+brothers the king's sons, and all the men of
+Judah the king's servants;
+
+10 But Nathan the prophet, and Benayahu.
+and the mighty men, and Solomon his bro-
+ther, he invited not.
+
+11 And Nathan spoke unto Bath-sheba'
+the mother of Solomon, saying. Hast thou
+not heard that Adoniyali the son of Chaggith
+is become king, and (that) David our lord
+knoweth it not?
+
+12 And now come, let me, I pray thee,
+give thee counsel, that thou mayest save thy
+own life,'' and the life of thy son Solomon.
+
+13 Go and get thee in unto king David,
+and say unto him. Didst not thou, my lord,
+() king, swear unto thy liand-maid, saying.
+Assuredly, Solomon thy son shall reign after
+me, and only he shall sit upon my throne?
+why then is Adoniyah become king?
+
+14 And, lo, while thou shalt be yet speak-
+ing there with the king, I myself will come
+in after thee, and confirm thy words.
+
+15 And Batli-sheba' went in unto the king
+into the chamber, and the king was very old ;
+and Abishag the Shunammite was ministering
+unto the king.
+
+IG And Bath-sheba' bowed, and prostrated
+
+
+* Ileb. "she had burn him after Abshalom ;" racauing,
+that the mother of AJoniyali bore him, after Abshalom
+liad been born by his mother; since they were half-bro-
+thers only.
+
+*■ "Fuller's-spring." — Hkhxuki.MEU,
+386
+
+
+herself unto the king: and the king said,
+What wouldst thou ?
+
+17 And she said unto him, My lord, thou
+thyself didst swear hy the Lord thy God unto
+thy handmaid, Assuredly, Solomon thy son
+shall reign after me, and only he shall sit
+njjon my throne.
+
+18 And now, behold, Adoniyah is become
+king; and now, my lord, 0 king, thou know-
+est it not :
+
+19 And he hath slaughtered oxen and fat-
+ted cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath
+invited all the sons of the king, and Ebyathar
+the i)riest, and Joiib the captain of the army;
+but Solomon thy .servant hath he not invited.
+
+20 And as for thee, my lord, 0 king, the
+eyes of all Israel are upon thee, to tell them,
+who shall sit on the throne of my lord the
+king after him.
+
+21 Otherwi.se it would come to pass, ^\dien
+my lord the king sleepeth with his fathers,
+that I and my son Solomon may be counted
+offenders.
+
+22 And, lo, Avhile she was yet speaking
+with the king, Nathan the prophet also came
+in.
+
+2.3 And they told the king, saying, Behold,
+liei'e is Nathan the prophet: and when he
+was come in before tlie king, he prostrated
+himself before the king with his face to the
+ground.
+
+24 And Nathan said. My lord, 0 king,
+hast thou then said, Adoniyah shall reign
+after me, and he shall sit upon my throne?
+
+25 For he is gone down this day, and hath
+slaughtered oxen and fatted cattle and sheep
+in abundance, and hath invited all the kina's
+sons, and the captains of the arm}', and Elna-
+thar the priest: and, Ijehold, they are eating
+and drinking before him, and they say. Long
+live king Adoni^Mh.
+
+2G But as for me, me thy servant, and
+Zadok the priest, and Benayahu the son of
+Yehoyada', and tliy servant Solomon, hath he
+not invited.
+
+27 Can it be that this hath been done by
+order of my lord the king, and thou hast not
+
+
+' Tiiis would seem to indicate that with the commcnee-
+meut of the kingdom, there was danger of introducing
+the cruel practice even now prevailing in the East, that at
+almost every accession the reigning monarch destroys
+those who can be injurious to him.
+
+
+1 KINGS I.
+
+
+informed thy servant, who should sit on the
+throne of my lord the king after him ?
+
+28 Then answered king David, and said,
+Call me Bath-sheha' ; and she eame into the
+kings presence, and stood hefore the king.
+
+29 And the king swore and said, As the
+Lord liveth, that hath redeemed my soul out
+of all distress.
+
+30 Even as I have sworn unto tliec Jjy the
+Lord the God of Israel, saying. Assuredly
+Solomon thy son shall reign alter me, and
+only he shall sit upon my throne in my
+stead : even so will I certainly do this day.
+
+31 Then did Bath-sheba' bow herself with
+her face to the earth, and prostrate herself
+unto the king; and she said, May my lord,
+the king David, live for ever!
+
+32 T[ And king David said. Call unto me
+Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet,
+and Benayahu the son of Yehoyada'. And
+the^' came before the king.
+
+33 And the king said unto them, Take
+with vou tlie servants of your lord, and cause
+Solomon my son to ride upon my own mule,
+and conduct him down to Gichon :
+
+34 And let Zadok the priest witli Nathan
+the prophet anoint him there as king over
+Israel; and blow ye with the cornet, and say,
+Long live king iSolomon.
+
+3-3 Then shall ye go up after him, and he
+shall come and sit upon my throne; and he
+shall be king in ni}' stead : and liim have I
+ordained to be ruler over Israel and over
+Judah.
+
+36 And Benayahu the son of Yehoyada'
+answered the king, and said, Amen : Maj^
+thus say the Eternal tlie God of my lord the
+king.
+
+37 As the Eternal hath been with my
+lord the king, even so may he be with Solo-
+mon, and may he make his throne greater
+than the throne of my lord the king David.
+
+38 Thereupon Zadok the priest, and Na-
+than the prophet, and Benayahu the son of
+Yehoyada', and the Kerethites, and the Pele-
+thites, w^ent down, and caused Solomon to ride
+upon king David's mule, and conducted him
+to Gichon.
+
+39 And Zadok the priest took the horn of
+oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solo-
+
+
+* S"n wa not alone valiant "in arms," but "worthy,"
+or "distinguished for good deeds."
+
+
+mon. And they blew with the cornet; and
+all the people said. Long live king Solo-
+mon.
+
+40 And all the people went up after him,
+and the people blew on flutes, and rejoiced
+with great joy, so tliat the earth was rent at
+their noise.
+
+41 And Adoniyah and all the guests that
+wei'e with him heard it as they had just
+finished eating: and when Joab heard the
+sound of the cornet, he said. Wherefore is
+this noise of the city in an uproar?
+
+42 And while he was yet speaking, behold,
+Jonathan the son of Eljyathar the priest came
+in: and Adoniyah said (unto him). Come in;
+for thou art a worthy" man, and must bring
+good tidings.
+
+43 And Jonathan answered and said to
+Adoniyah, Alas, no:"" our lord king David
+hath made Solon;on king ;
+
+44 And the king hath sent with him Zad<jk
+the priest, and Natlum the proi)het, and Be-
+nayahu the son of Yehoyada', and the Ke-
+rethites, and the Pelethites, and they have
+caused him to ride upon the king's mule;
+
+45 And Zadok the priest and Nathan the
+prophet have anointed him as king on the
+Gichon ; and they are come up from there
+rejoicing, and the city hath Ijeen set in com-
+motion. This is the noise that ye have
+heard.
+
+46 And Solomon hath also sat on' the
+kingly throne.
+
+47 And also the king's servants are come
+to Ijless our lord king David, saying, May God
+make the name of Solomon more famous than
+thy name, and make his throne greater than
+thy throne : and the king hath bowed himself
+upon the bed.
+
+48 And also thus hath the king said, Bless-
+ed be the Lord the God of Israel, who hath
+given (me) this day one who sitteth on my
+throne, while my eyes see it.
+
+49 And all the guests that were with Ado-
+ni\'ah were terrified, and rose up, and Avent,
+every man, on his own way.
+
+50 And Adoniyah was afi'aid because of
+Solomon; and he arose, and went, and caught
+hold on the horns of the altar.
+
+51 And it was told unto Solomon, saying.
+
+
+"" '73N, literally, "but," Lore denoting the oppojvite of
+what Adoniyah expected.
+
+387
+
+
+1 KINGS I. II.
+
+
+Behold, Adoniyah feareth king Solomon ; and,
+behold, he hath caught hold on the horns of
+tlie altar, saying, Let king Solomon swear
+unto me to-day that he will not slay his ser-
+vant with the sword.
+
+52 And Solomon said, It' he will become a
+worthy man, there shall not a hair of his fall
+to the earth ; but if any wrong shall be found
+on him, then shall. he die.
+
+53 So king Solomon sent, and they brought
+liim down from the altar; and he came and
+bowed himself to king Solomon ; and Solomon
+said unto him. Go to thy house.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 T[ xVnd when the days of David drew
+near that he should die, he charged Solomon
+his son, saying,
+
+2 I am going the way of all the earth ; but
+be thou strong, and become a man ;
+
+3 And keep the charge of the Lord thy
+God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes,
+his commandments, and his ordinances, and
+his testimonies, as it is written in the law of
+Moses; in order that thou maj-est prosjaer in
+all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou
+turnest thyself;
+
+4 In order that the Lord mav fulfd his
+Avord which he hath spoken concerning me,
+saying, If thy children take heed to their
+way, to walk before me in truth with all their
+heart and with all their soul, there shall never
+fail thee, said he, a man on the throne of
+Israel.
+
+5 And thou also knowest well what Joiib
+the son of Zeruyah hath done to me, what he
+did to the two captains of the armies of Israel,
+unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto 'Amassa
+the son of Yether, whom he slew, and shed the
+blood of war in peace, and put the blood of
+war upon his girdle that was about his loins,
+and on his shoes that were on his feet.
+
+G Do therefore according to thy wisdom,
+and let not his hoary head go down in peace
+to the gra\'e.
+
+7 ^] But unto the sons of Bar/.illai the
+Gil'adite show thou kindness, and let them
+be of those that eat at thy tajjle ; for so they
+came near to me when I tied from before Ab-
+shalom thy brother.
+
+" Lit. "lay with," or "laid himself down." Abavbanel
+well observes, that thi.s expression does not mean the
+association of the bodies after death, since David was
+388
+
+
+8 And, behold, thou hast with tliee Shim'i
+the son of Gera, the Benjamite of Bachurim,
+who cursed me with a grievous curse on the
+day when I went to Machanayim; but who
+came down to meet ine at the Jordan, and I
+swore to him by the Lord, saying, I will not
+put thee to death with the sword.
+
+U But now leave him not unpunished ; for
+thou art a wise man : know then what thou
+oughtest to do unto him, and bring thou down
+his hoary head with blood to the grave.
+
+10 And David slept" with his fathers, and
+was buried in the city of David.
+
+11 And the days that David reigned over
+Israel were forty years : in Hebron he reigned
+seven years, and in Jerusalem he reigned
+thirt}- and three years.
+
+12 Then sat Solomon upon the throne of
+David his father; and his kingdom was estii-
+Ijlished greatly.
+
+13 ^\ And Adoniyah the son of Chaggith
+came to Bath-sheba' the mother of Solomon:
+and she said. Is thy coming for peace? And
+he said. For peace.
+
+14 He said moreover, I have a word for
+thee. And she said. Speak.
+
+15 And he said. Thou well knowest that
+mine was the kingdom, and that on me all
+Israel had set their fxces, that I should reign :
+nevertheless the kingdom was turned about.
+and became my brother's; for from the Lord
+was it (made) his.
+
+IG And now there is one petition I am go-
+ing to ask of thee, do not turn me away.
+And she said unto him, Speak.
+
+17 And he said. Speak, I pray thee, unto
+Solomon the king, (for he will not turn thee
+away,) that he may give me Abishag the
+Shuuannnite for wife.
+
+IS And Bath-sheba' said. Well: I will
+speak for thee unto the king.
+
+19 Bath-shel)a' thereupon went unto king
+Solomon, to speak unto him for .Adoniyah;
+and the king rose up to meet her, and bowed
+himself unto her, and then sat down on his
+throne, and placed a chair for the king's
+mother; and she sat on his right hand.
+
+20 Then said she, There is one small peti-
+tion I am going to ask of thee: do not turn
+me away. And the king said unto her, Ask
+
+
+not buried in the family sepulchre at Hebron; but the
+spiritual association after our decease. (^Compare with
+Deut. sxsi. 10.)
+
+
+1 KINCxS II.
+
+
+on. my mother; for T will not turn thee
+away.
+
+21 And !^he said, Let Abis^hag the Shu-
+naramite be given to Adoiiiyah thy brother
+for wife.
+
+22 And king Solomon answered and said
+unto his mother. And why dost thon ask
+xibishag the Slnnianiuiite for Adoniyah?
+rather" ask for hiui the kinirdom; for he
+is my elder brother; — even for him, and for
+Ebyathar the priest, and for Joiib the son of
+Zeruyah.
+
+23 ^ Then swore king Solomon by the
+Lord, saying. May God do so to me, and
+may he thus continue, if Adoniyah have not
+spoken this word against his own life.
+
+24 And now, as the Lord liveth, who hath
+established me, and seated me on the throne
+of David my father, and who hath made me
+a house, as he hath spoken, this very day
+shall Adoniyah be put to death.
+
+25 And king Solomon sent by the hand*"
+of Benayahu the son of Yehoyada' ; and he
+fell upon him so that he died.
+
+26 T[ And mito Ebyathar the priest said
+the king. Go to 'Anathoth, unto thy own
+fields ; for thou art a man worthy of death ;
+but on this day will I not put thee to death;
+l^ecause tliou hast borne the ark of the Lord
+Eternal before David my father, and because
+thou wast afflicted in all wherein my father
+was afflicted.
+
+27 So Solomon banished Ebyathar that he
+should not be priest unto the Lord, to fulfil
+the word of the Lord, wdiich he had spoken
+concerning the house of 'Eli in Shiloh."
+
+28 ]| And the report came to Joiib; for
+Joab had turned after Adoniyah, though he
+had not turned after Abshalom. And Joab
+fied unto the tabernacle of the Lord, and
+caught hold on the horns of the altar.
+
+29 And it was told to king Solomon that
+Joiib had fled unto the tabernacle of the Lord;
+and that, behold, he was close by the altar.
+
+
+' The demanding of the relict of David, though she
+never was actually his wife, showed that Adoniyah enter-
+tained some hopes of reaching the throne through her,
+after the custom of the orientals. Solomon, therefore,
+told his mother that she might as well have asked at
+once to constitute Adoniyah as king, and bring back to
+power his followers.
+
+*■ "Through the hand" means the message was sent by
+Benayahu, who saw the droree executed.
+
+
+Then sent Solomon Benayahu the son of
+Yehoyada', saying. Go, fall upon him.
+
+30 And Benayahu came to the tabernacle
+of the Lord, and said unto him. Thus hath
+said the king. Come forth. And he said. No;
+but here will I die. And Benayahu brought
+the king word again, saying, Thus hath Joiib
+spoken, and thus liath he answered me.
+
+31 Then said the king unto him. Do as he
+hath spoken, and fall upon him, and bury
+him; and remove (thus) the innocent Ijloml,
+which Joiib hath shed, from me, and from the
+house of my fiither.
+
+32 And may the Lord •bring back his
+lilood-guiltiness upon his own head, because
+he fell upon two men more righteous and
+better than he, and slew them with the
+sword, while my father David knew it not,
+Abner the son of Ner, the captain of the
+army of Israel, and 'Amassa the son of
+Yether, the captain of the army of Judah.
+
+33 And their Ijlood shall return upon the
+head of Joiib, and upon the head of his seed
+for ever; but unto David, and unto his seed,
+and unto his house, and unto his throne,
+may there be peace for ever from the Lord.
+
+34 So Benayahu the son of Yehoyada' went
+up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he
+was buried in his own house in tlie wilder-
+ness.
+
+35 And the king appointed Benayaliu the
+son of Yehoyada' in his place over the army;
+and Zadok the priest did the king appoint in
+the place of Ebyathar.
+
+36 T[ And the king sent and called tijr
+Shim'i, and said unto him, Build thee a house
+in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and thou shalt
+not go forth from there hither or thither.
+
+37 And it shall be, that on the day thou
+goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron,
+thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt
+surely die : thy blood shall be uyion thy own
+head.
+
+38 And Shim'i said unto the king. If' is
+
+
+° This was for having taken part with Adoniyah ; but
+by it a remarkable prophecy was fulfilled. God had told
+'Eli (1 Sam. ii. 30-36) that the high-priesthood should
+depart from his house : Ebyathar was the last high-priest
+of Ithamar, of which family also was 'Eli the judge. Za-
+dok, who succeeded, was of the family of Elazar; and by
+this change the high-priesthood reverted to its ancient
+channel.
+
+*' Lit. "the thing is good."
+
+389
+
+
+V
+
+
+\_
+
+
+1 KINGS 11. m.
+
+
+well: as my lord the king hath spoken, so
+will thy servant do. And Shim'i dwelt in
+Jerusalem many days.
+
+39 ^ And it came to pass at the end of
+three years, that two servants of Shim'i ran
+away unto Achish the son of Ma'achah the
+king of Gath : and they told unto Shim'i, say-
+ing, Behold, thy servants are in Gath.
+
+40 And Shim'i arose, and saddled his ass,
+and went to Gath to Achi.sh to seek his ser-
+vants; and Shim'i went, and brought his ser-
+vants from Gath.
+
+41 ^ And it was told to Solomon that
+Shim'i had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and
+had returned.
+
+42 And the king sent and called for Shim'i,
+and said uuto him. Did I not make thee swear
+by the Lord, and warned thee, saying, On
+the day tliou goest out, and walkest abroad
+hither or thither, know ibr certain that thou
+shalt surely die ? and thou saidst unto me, It
+is well, I liave heard?"
+
+43 Why then hast thou not kept the oath
+of the Lord, and the commandment with
+which I charged thee?
+
+44 The king said moreover to Shim'i,
+Thou well knowest all the wickedness of
+which thy heart is conscious, that thou hast
+done- to David my father: and the Lord bring-
+eth back thy wickedness upon thy own head;
+
+45 But king Solpmon will be blessed, and
+the throne of David will be established before
+the Lord for ever.
+
+4G So the king commanded Benayahu the
+son of Yehoyada', who went out, and fell
+upon him, so that he died. And the kingdom
+was established in the hand of Solomon.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ^ And tSolomon intermarried with Pha-
+raoh the king of Egypt, and took the daughter
+of Pharaoh, and brought lier into the city of
+David, until he had finished building his own
+house, and the house of the Lord, and the
+wall of Jerusalem round about.
+
+2 But the people sacrificed still on the high-
+places; because there was no house built unto
+the name of the Lord, until those days.
+
+3 Tl And Solomon loved the Lord, walking
+in the statutes of David his father : only that
+
+
+' Herxheimer,
+heard tlic word."
+3'JO
+
+
+'I obey." Pfiifippison, "Well, I liavc
+
+
+he sacrificed and burnt incense on the high-
+places.
+
+4 And the king went to Gib'on to sacrifice
+there ; for that was the great high-place : one
+thousand burntrofferings did Solomon offer
+upon that altar.
+
+5 Tf In Gib'on the Lord appeared to Solo-
+mon in a dream of the night: and God said,
+Ask what I shall give thee.
+
+6 And Solomon said, Thou hast shown
+unto thy servant David my father great kind-
+ness, just as he walked before thee in truth,
+and in righteousness, and in uprightness of
+heart with thee; and thou hast kept for him
+this great kindness, and thou hast given him
+a son who sitteth on liis throne, as it is this
+day.
+
+7 And now, 0 Lord my God, thou hast
+made thy servant king in the place of David
+my father : and I am but a young lad ; I know
+not how to go out or come in.
+
+8 And thy servant is in the midst of thy
+people wliicli thou hast chosen, a great peo-
+ple, that cannot be numbered nor counted for
+multitude.
+
+9 Give therefore thy servant an understand-
+ing heart to judge thy people, to discern be-
+tween good and bad; for who would (other-
+wise) be able to judge this thy great'' peo-
+ple?
+
+10 And the speech was pleasing in the
+eyes of the Lord, that Solomon had asked
+this thing.
+
+11 And God said unto him, Because thou
+hast asked this thing, and hast not asked for
+thyself long life;'' and hast not asked for thy-
+self riches, nor hast asked the life of thy ene-
+mies; but hast asked for thyself discernment
+to understand (how to give) judgment :
+
+12 Behold, 1 have done according to thy
+word ; lo, I have given thee a wise and a
+discerning heart; so that like unto thee there
+was none before thee, nor after thee shall any
+one arise like unto thee.
+
+13 And also what thou hast not nsked
+have I given thee, both riches, and honour :
+so that like unto thee there shall not have
+been any one among the kings all thy days.
+
+14 And if thou wilt walk in my wa^s, to
+kee]) my statutes and my commandments, as
+
+
+'' After Jonathan,
+'troublesome."
+
+
+Arnheim, "powerful;" Eashi,
+" Heb. "many days."
+
+
+1 KINGS in. IV.
+
+
+tliv father David did wallc, then will I
+leiiiithen thy days.
+
+15 ^f And Solomon awoke, and, behold, it
+was a dream ; and he went to Jerusalem, and
+stood before the ark of the covenant of the
+Lord, and offered up burnt-oflerings, and pre-
+pared peace-oflferings, and made a feast to all
+his servants.
+
+10 ^ Then came there two women, that
+were harlots, unto the king, and placed them-
+selves before him.
+
+17 And the one woman said. Pardon, my
+lord, I and this woman dwell in one house ;
+and I was delivered of a child with her in
+the house.
+
+18 And it came to pass on the third day
+after I was delivered, that also this woman
+was delivered: and we were together, there
+was no stranger with us in the house, only
+we two were in the house.
+
+19 And this woman's son died in the night;
+because she had overlaid him.
+
+20 And she arose in the midst of the night,
+and took my son from beside me, while thy
+handmaid slept, and laid him in her bosom,
+and her dead son she laid in my bosom.
+
+21 And when I rose in the morning to give
+my son suck, behold, he was dead; but when
+T looked at him carefully in the morning, be-
+hold, it was not my son, whom I had born.
+
+22 And the other woman said. It is not so;"
+my son is the living one, and thy son is the
+dead ; and this one said. It is not so ; thy son
+is the dead, and my son is the living: thus
+they spoke before the king.
+
+2-3 Then said the king. This one saith. This
+is my son that liveth, and thy son is dead:
+and the other saith, It is not so ; thy son is
+the dead, and my son is the living.
+
+24 And the king said, Fetch me a sword:
+and they brought the sword before the king.
+
+25 And the king said, Hew the living child
+in two, and give the one half to one, and the
+other half to the other.
+
+2G Then spoke the woman whose son was
+the living unto the king, for her love'' had
+become enkindled for her son, and she said, 0
+pardon, my lord, give her the living child, and
+only do not slay it; but the other said,
+Neither mine nor thine shall it be, hew it
+asunder.
+
+* After Jonathan; others, " No; but," &c.
+
+
+27 The king then answered and said, Give
+her the living child, and do not slay it: she is
+its mother.
+
+28 And when all Israel heard of the judg-
+ment which the king had given,"" they feared
+the king; for they saw that the wisdom of
+God was in him, to exercise justice.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Thus was king Solomon king over all
+Israel.
+
+2 ^ And these were the princes whom
+he had: 'Azaryahu the son of Zadok the
+priest ;
+
+3 Elichoreph and Achiyah, the sons of
+Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Achi-
+lud, the recorder;
+
+4 And Benayahu the son of Yehoyada'
+over the army; and Zadok and Ebyathar
+priests ;
+
+5 And Azaryahu the son of Nathan was
+over the superintendents; and Zabud the son
+of Nathan was an officer of state and the
+kings friend;
+
+G And Achishar was over the household;
+and Adoniram the son of 'Abda was over the
+tribute.
+
+7 ^ And Solomon had twelve superintend-
+ents over all Israel, who provided for the king
+and his household: one month in the year
+had the particular one to jirocure provisions.
+
+8 And these are their names: Ben-churon
+the mountain of Ephraim ;
+
+9 Ben-deker, in Makaz, and in Sha'albim,
+and Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-chanan ;
+
+10 Ben-chessed, in Arubboth; to him per-
+tained Soclioh and all the land of Chepher;
+
+11 Ben-abinadab, in all the district of Dor;
+he had Taphath the daughter of Solomon
+for wife;
+
+12 ^ Ba'ana the son of Achilud in Tha'a-
+nach and Megiddo, and all Beth-shean, which
+is by Zarethanah beneath Yizre'el. from Beth-
+shean to Abel-mecholah, as far as beyond Yok-
+me'am ;
+
+13 ^ Ben-geber, in Ramoth-girad ; to him
+pertained the villages of Ya'ir the son of Me-
+nasseh, which are in Gil'ad; to him also per-
+tained the region of Argob, which is in Ba-
+shan, sixty great cities with walls and brazen
+bars;
+
+
+Lit.
+
+
+' mercy.
+
+
+Lit. "judged."
+391
+
+
+1 KINGS IV. V.
+
+
+14 ^ Acliinadab the son of 'Iddo in Ma-
+chanayim;
+
+15 ^ Achima'az in Naplitali; he also took
+Bahsemath the daughter of Solomon for wife;
+
+IG ^ Ba'anah the son of Cliiishai in Asher
+and in Be'aloth;
+
+17 ][ Jehoshaphat the son of Paruach, in
+Issachar;
+
+18 Tl Shim'i the son of Ela, in Benjamin;
+
+19 if Geber the son of Uri in the country
+of Gil'ad, the country of Sichon the king
+of the Emorites, and of 'Og the king of Ba-
+shan; besides" the one superintendent who
+was in the land.
+
+20 Judali and Israel were numerous, as
+the sand which is by the sea in multitude;
+and they ate and drank, and made merry.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1'' And Solomon was ruling over all the
+kingdoms from the river unto the land of the
+Philistines, and as far as the boundary of
+Egypt, which brought presents, and served
+Solomon all the days of his life.
+
+2 Tl And Solomon's provision for one day
+was thirty kors" of fine flour, and sixty kors
+of meal,
+
+3 Ten fotted oxen, and twent}- pasture
+oxen, and a hundred sheep, besides harts, and
+roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.
+
+4 For he had dominion over all the region
+on this side the river, from Thiphsach even to
+Gazzah, over all the kuigs on this side the
+river: and he had peace on all sides round
+about him.
+
+5 And Judah and Israel dwelt in safety,
+every man under his vine and under his fig-
+tree, from Dan even to Beer-sheba', all the
+days of Solomon.
+
+6 ^ And Solomon had forty thousand stalls
+for the horses for his chariots, and twelve
+thousand horsemen.
+
+7 And those superintendents provided for
+king Solomon, and for all that came near
+unto king Solomon's table, every man in his
+month : they let nothing be wanting.
+
+8 The barley also and the straw for the
+
+* Rashi. There is a doubt concerning this officer;
+some suppose it refers to ' Azaryahu, son of Nathan, (ver. 5,)
+and others, to a thirteenth officer not named, who had to
+furnish supplies in the thirteenth month of a leap-year.
+
+'' The English version commences chapter v. only at
+our verse 15.
+392
+
+
+horses and the runners'* did they bring unto
+the place where he might be, every man ac-
+cording to his prescription.
+
+9 ^ And God gave unto Solomon wisdom
+and understanding exceedingly much, and
+largeness" of heart, even as the sand that is
+on the sea-shore.
+
+10 And Solomon's Avisdom excelled the
+wisdom of all the children of the east coun-
+try, and all the wisdom of Egypt.
+
+11 And he was wiser than all men; than
+Ethan the Ezrachite, and Heman, and Kal-
+kol, and Darda', the sons of Machol : and his
+name was (spread) among all the nations
+round abont.
+
+12 And he spoke three thousand proverbs;
+and his songs were a thousand and five.
+
+13 And he spoke concerning the trees, from
+the cedar-tree that is on the Lebanon even
+unto the hyssop that spriugeth out of the
+wall ; he spoke also concerning the beasts,
+and concerning the fowl, and concerning the
+creeping things, and concerning the fishes.
+
+14 And men came from all the jjeople to hear
+the wisdom of Solomon, from all the kings of
+the earth, who had heard of his wisdom.
+
+15 ^ And Hiram*^ the king of Tyre sent
+his servants unto Solomon ; for he had heard
+that they had anointed him king in the room
+of his father; for Hiram had all the time been
+a lover of David.
+
+16 ][ And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying,
+
+1 7 Thou well knowest of David my father,
+that he was not able to build a house unto the
+name of the Lord his God, on account of the
+war wherewith his enemies encompassed him,
+until the Lokd had put them under the soles
+of his feet.
+
+18 But now hath the Lord my God given
+me rest on every side, there is neither adver-
+sary nor evil hinderance.
+
+19 And, behold, I purpose to build a house
+unto the name of the Lord my God, as the
+Lord hath spoken unto David my father, say-
+ing. Thy son, whom I will place in thy room
+upon thy throne, he it is that shall build the
+house unto my name.
+
+
+" A certain measure, said to be about 9| Prussian
+bushels, or about 14} imperial ones.
+
+■^ A species of fleet horses. Others render, "dromeda-
+ries."
+
+' /. e. "Extensive knowledge."
+
+' Correctly, Chiram.
+
+
+1 KINGS V. VI.
+
+
+20 And now command thou that they hew
+me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my ser-
+vants shall be with thy servants; and the
+wages of thy servants will I give unto thee in
+accordance with all that thou wilt say; for
+tliou well knowest that there is not among us
+a man that hath the skill to hew timber like
+unto tlie Zidonians.
+
+21 ][ And it came to pass, when Hiram
+heard the words of Solomon, that he rejoiced
+greatly; and he said, Blessed be the Lord
+this da}-, who hath given unto David a wise
+son over this numerous people.
+
+22 And Iliram sent to Solomon, saying, I
+have heai'd what thou hast sent to me for: I
+will gladly execute all thy desire in respect
+of timber of cedar, and in respect of timber
+of fir.
+
+23 My servants shall bring them down
+from the Lebanon unto the sea: and I will
+convey them by sea in fioats unto the place
+of which thou wilt send me word, and I Avill
+cause theni to be taken apart there, and thou
+shalt take them away; and tliou shalt accom-
+plish my desire, in giving the food for my
+household.
+
+24 So Iliram gave Solomon cedar-trees and
+fir-trees, all his desire.
+
+25 And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thou-
+sand kors of wheat as provision for his house-
+hold, and twenty kors of beaten oil : thus did
+Solomon give to Hiram year by year.
+
+26 1| And the Lord gave wisdom unto So-
+lomon, as he had spoken to him; and there
+was peace between Hiram and Solomon ; and
+they made a covenant with each other.
+
+27 And king Solomon raised a levy out of
+all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand
+men.
+
+. 28 And he sent them into the Lebanon, ten
+thousand in each month by turns; one month
+they used to be in the Lebanon, two months
+at home : and Adoniram was over the levy.
+
+29 ^ And there belonged to Solomon
+seventy thousand bearers of burdens, and
+eighty thousand stone-cutters in the moun-
+tains ;
+
+30 Besides the chiefs who" were appointed
+
+' Others, "the chiefs of Solomou's oflScers who were."
+
+^ i. e. Commenced to build.
+
+° Wesseli renders, "windows transparent when closed,"
+or "glass windows." .Tonathan, "narrow without and
+wide within."
+
+■2 Z
+
+
+by Solotnon over the work, three thousand
+and three hundred, who ruled over the people
+that wrought on the work.
+
+31 And when the king commanded, they
+quarried out great stones, heavy stones, to
+lay the foundation of the house, and hewn
+stones.
+
+32 And the builders of Solomon, and the
+builders of Hiram, and the Giblites hewed
+them; and so they prepared the wood and
+the stones to build tlie house.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, in the four hun-
+dred and eightieth year after the soinii forth
+of the children of Israel out of the land of
+Egypt, in the fourth year, in tlie month Ziv,
+which is the second month, of the reign of
+Solomon over Israel, that he built'' the house
+unto the Lord.
+
+2 And the house which king Solomon built
+unto the Lord, was sixty cubits in length,
+and twenty in breadth, and thirty cubits in
+height.
+
+3 And the porch before the temple of the
+house, was twenty cubits in length, in front
+of the breadth of the house; and ten cubits
+in breadth at the east side of the house.
+
+4 And he made for the house windows wide
+without and narrow within.''
+
+5 And he built on the wall of the house a
+gallery round about, on the walls of the house
+round about, of the temple and of the most
+holy place : and he made side-chambers round
+about.
+
+6 The nethermost gallery was five cubits
+in Ijreadth, and the middle was six cubits in
+breadth, and the third was seven cubits in
+breadth ; for projections'' had he made to the
+house round about on the outside, so as to
+fasten nothing in the walls of the house.
+
+7 And the house, when it was in building,
+was built of entire stones as they had been
+prepared at the quaiTy: so that neither ham-
+mer, nor axe, nor any tool of iron was heard
+in the house, while it was in building.
+
+8 The door for the middle" (gallery) side-
+chamber was in the right side of the house :
+
+^ Lit. m^TlJO means "diminutions," ('. c. the wall dimi-
+nished in thickness one cubit each at the end of the fir-t
+and second stories, on which projection thus formed the
+beams of the galleries were laid.
+
+" Jonathan renders, "the lowermost gallery."
+
+393
+
+
+1 KINGS VI.
+
+
+and with wmdiiig- stairs they went up into
+the middle chamber, and out of the middle
+into the third.
+
+9 So he built the house, and finished it;
+and covered the house with hollow tiles,'' and
+with"' boards of cedar.
+
+10 And he built the gallery against all the
+house, (each) five cubits in height; and it
+was fastened on to the house with timber of
+cedar."
+
+11 T[ And the word of the Lord came to
+Solomon, saying,
+
+12 This house which thou art building — if
+thou wilt walk in my statutes, and execute
+my ordinances, and keep all m}' command-
+ments to walk in them: then will I perform
+my word with thee, which I have spoken
+unto David thy f\ither.
+
+13 And I will dwell in the midst of the
+children of Israel, and I will not forsake my
+people Israel.
+
+14 ^ So did Solomon build the house, and
+finish it.
+
+15 And he built the walls of the house within
+with boards of cedar ; from the floor of the house
+to where the walls touched the ceiling did he
+overlay it on the inside with wood; and he over-
+laid the floor of the house with boards of fir.
+
+16 And he built the twenty cubits on the
+lower side of the house with boards of cedar,
+from the floor to the battlements; and he built
+it within, for the debir,'' for the holy of
+holies.
+
+17 And the house, that is, the temple be-
+fore it, was forty cubits long.
+
+18 And the cedar on the house within was
+carved with colocynths and opening flowers :
+all was cedar, no stone was seen.
+
+19 And the debir in the house within did
+he prepare, to set therein the ark of the cove-
+nant of the Lord.
+
+20 And the interior of the debir was
+. twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in
+
+breadth, and twenty cubits was its height:
+
+
+* Rashi. Otbers, "narrow boards or slats," or "shin-
+gles of cypress."
+
+" Arnheim, from "no "order," i. c. of columns, "and
+the columnar-hall with cedar-wood." Philippson, "and
+he covered the house with slats, and beams of cedar."
+
+° Rashi, "and ho fastened the house," &c. Philipp-
+son-, "and he encased the house," &c. Our version is
+after Ralbag.
+
+'' T31 can scarcely be translated except with the harsh es-
+394
+
+
+and he overlaid it with pure gold ; and he
+overlaid the altar with cedar-wood.
+
+21 And Solomon overlaid the house within
+with pure gold : and he barred by means of
+chains of gold the front of the debir; and he
+overlaid it with gold.
+
+22 And the whole house he overlaid with
+gold, until all the house was finished : also
+the whole altar that was before the debir did
+he overlay with gold.
+
+23 And Avithin the debir he made two
+cherubims of oleaster-wood,' each ten cubits
+high.
+
+24 And five cubits was the one wing of
+the cherub, and five cubits the other wing of
+the cherub: (there were) ten cubits from the
+uttermost part of the one wing unto the utter-
+most part of the other.
+
+25 And the other cherub was also ten cu-
+bits : both the cherubim were of one measure
+and one form.
+
+20 The height of the one cherub was ten
+cubits, and so that of the other cherub.
+
+27 And he set the cherubim within the
+innermost part of the house : and they spread
+forth the wings of the cherubim, so that the
+wing of the one touched the one wall, and the
+wing of the other cherub touched the other
+wall; and their wings toward the middle of
+the house touched one another.
+
+28 And he overlaid the cherubim with
+gold.
+
+29 And on all the wall of the house round
+about, he carved figures of cherubim and
+palm-trees and opening flowers, in the debir
+and in the temple.
+
+30 And the floor of the house he overlaid
+with gold for the debir and for the temple.
+
+31 And for the entrance of the debir he
+made doors of oleaster-wood : the lintel with'
+the side-posts forming five sides. *^
+
+32 And also upon the two doors of oleaster-
+wood he carved figures of cherubim and palm-
+trees and opening flowers, and overlaid them
+
+
+pression, "speaking-place, the spot for revealing;" where-
+fore we have left it, with Herxheinier, untranslated. The
+English version has "oracle," evidently not a good word.
+
+" i'. e. The wild olive. Lit. " oil-trees ;" but Jonathan,
+"olive-trees."
+
+' After Rashi, who explains that the lintel was not
+straight, but formed an angle : hence the base and side-
+posts with the lintel formed a pentagon, or five-sided
+opening A.
+
+
+1 KINGS VI. VII.
+
+
+with gold, and spread the gold, by beating,
+upon the cherubim, and ujjon the palm-trees.
+
+33 So also made he for the entrance of the
+temple door-posts of oleusterwond in sliape
+of a square ;
+
+34 And two doors of fir-wood: the one
+door having two leaves which were folding,
+and the other door having two leaves which
+were folding."
+
+35 And he carved thereon cherubim, and
+palm-trees and opening flowers: and he over-
+laid them with gold fitting upon the carved
+Avork.
+
+36 And he built the inner court of three
+rows of hewn stone, and one row of cedar
+beams.
+
+37 In the fourth year was the foundation
+of the house of the Lord laid, in the month
+Ziv;
+
+38 And in the eleventh year, in the month
+Bui, which is the eighth month, was the
+house finished throughout all its parts, and
+according to all its requirements. So was he
+building it seven years.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 But his own house was Solomon build-
+ing thirteen years, and then lie finished all
+his house.
+
+2 He built also the house of the forest of
+Lebanon: a hundred cubits was its length,
+and fifty cubits was its breadth, and thirty
+cu)>its was its height, upon four rows of cedar
+pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars.
+
+3 And it was covered with cedar above
+over the beams,'' that lay on the forty-five
+pillars, fifteen in a row.
+
+4 And there were window-spaces in three
+rows, and windows were ojiposite each other
+in three ranks.
+
+5 And all the entrances and door-posts
+formed a square in shape: and windows were
+ojjposite windows in three ranks.
+
+6 And he made a porch of pillars ; fifty
+cubits was its length, and thirty cubits its
+breadth; and the porch was before them; and
+the other pillars with an entablature" before
+them.
+
+° D'S'Sj lit. " revolving," /. c. on their own hinges.
+
+'' Some render, " above the chambers which rested on
+the pillars, which chambers were forty-five," &c.
+
+° Philippsou, " and the porch was in front, also columns
+and a stairway in front." But 3^ is considoreil by the
+
+
+7 Then he made a porch for the throne
+where he might judge, the porch of judg-
+ment: and it was covered with cedar from
+one side of the floor to the other.
+
+8 And his house where he dwelt in another
+court within the porch, was of the like work :
+and Solomon made also a house for Pharaoh's
+daughter, whom he had taken for wife, like
+unto this porch.
+
+9 All these were of heavy stones, hewn
+after a fixed measure, sawed with the saw
+inside and outside, even from the foundation
+unto the coping, and from the outside unto
+the great court.
+
+10 And the foundation was of heavy
+stones, large stones, stones of ten cubits, and
+stones of eight cubits.
+
+11 And above were heavy stones, hewn
+after a fixed measure, and cedars.
+
+12 And the great court round about was
+of three I'ows of hewn stones, and one row of
+cedar beams, both for the inner court of the
+house of the Lord, and for the porch of the
+house.
+
+13 ^ And king Solomon sent and fetched
+Hiram out of Tyre.
+
+14 He was the sou of a widow of the tribe
+of Naphtali, and his father was a man of
+Tjre, a worker in copper : and he was filled
+with wisdom, and understanding, and know-
+ledge, to make every work in copper; and
+he came to king Solomon, and did all his
+work.
+
+15 And he cast the two pillars of copper,
+eighteen cubits was the height of the one pil-
+lar;"^ and a line of twelve cubits did encom-
+pass the second pillar.
+
+16 And he made two capitals, to set upon
+the tops of the pillars, of molten copper; five
+cubits Was the height of the one capital, and
+five cubits was the height of the other capital;
+
+17 And nets of checker-work, and wreaths
+of chain-work, for the capitals which were
+upon the top of the pillars ; seven for the one
+capital, and seven for the other capital.
+
+18 And he made the pillars, so that two
+rows of pomegranates were round about upon
+the one net-work, to cover the capitals that
+
+Rabbins as thick beams, forming cornices over the columns,
+as rendered here.
+
+^ The height is given of one pillar, and the circumfe- '
+rence of the other; though both were alike.
+
+395
+
+
+1 KINGS VII.
+
+
+were upon the top: and the same he made
+for tlie otlier capitaL
+
+19 And the capitals, that were upon the
+top of the piUars, furnished with hly-work,
+(as) those in the porch, were four cubits.
+
+20 And the capitals" upon the two pillars
+rose also above, close by the rounding which
+was on the side of the net-work : and the
+pomegranates were two hundred, in rows
+round about, upon either'' capital.
+
+21 And he set up the pillars for the porch
+of the temple; and he set up the right pillar,
+and called its name Yachin ; and he set up the
+left pillar, and called its name Boilz.
+
+22 And upon the top of the i)illars there
+was lily-work : and so was finished the work
+of the pillars.
+
+23 ^ And he made the molten sea, ten
+cubits i'rom the one brim to tlie other, rounded
+all about, and it was five cubits in height :
+and a line of thirty cubits did encompass it
+round about.
+
+24 And colocynth-shaped knobs were under
+its brim round about encompassing it, ten in
+a cubit, encircling the sea round al^out: the
+colocynths were in two rows, and were cast
+(with it) when it was cast.
+
+25 It was standing upon twelve oxen,
+three looking toward the north, and three
+looking toward the west, and three looking
+toward the south, and three looking toward
+the east; and the sea was resting above upon
+them, and all their hinder parts were inward.
+
+20 And its thickness was a hand's breadth,
+and its brim was wrought like the brim of a
+cu|), with lily-buds: it could contain two
+thousand baths.
+
+27 ][ And he made ten bases of copper:
+four cubits Avas the length of each one base,
+and four cubits its breadth, and three cubits
+its heiglit.
+
+28 And this was the workmanship oi' the
+bases: They had borders, and the borders were
+between the corner ledges;
+
+29 And on the borders that were between
+
+
+" Tliis verse is translated by others freely to explain
+thd obscurity: "The two hundred pomegranates hung in
+two rows around the capitals, to wit, (one row) above, and
+(another row) below the centre, around which was the
+not-work." Our version seems to indicate the same, that
+the capitals rose above the ornaments which covered them
+in the centre. '' Rashi.
+
+° lta.shi renders p "there was a pedestal above," viz,
+for the laver to rest oii.
+
+
+the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubitn;
+and upon the corner ledges it was thus also"
+above; and likeAvise beneath the lions and
+oxen were pendant wreaths of plated work."*
+
+30 And every base had four copper wheels,
+and axles of copper ; and its four corners had un-
+dersetters : under the laver were the under.set-
+ters cast on ; at the side of each were pendants.
+
+31 And its mouth" was within the capital
+and above a cubit in height; but the mouth of
+this was rounded after the work of the base, a
+cubit and a half-cubit; and also upon its mouth
+were car\ings ; and their borders were square,
+not rounded.
+
+32 And the four Avheels were under the
+borders ; and the axletrees of tlie wheels were
+joined to the base : and the height of each
+one wheel was a cubit and a half cubit.
+
+33 And the workmanshi[) of the wheels
+was like tlie workmanship of a chariot-wheel :
+their axletrees, and their naves,' and their
+felloes, and their spokes, were all cast.
+
+34 And there were four undersetters to the
+tour corners of each one base ; the underset-
+ters were of one piece with the base itself
+
+35 And on the top of tlie base was a
+rounded compass of half a cubit high : and
+on the top of the base were its side-ledges ;
+and its borders were of one piece with itself
+
+36 And he engraved on the plates of its
+side-ledges and on its borders, cherubim,
+lions, and palm-trees: and in the open space
+of every one were pendant wreaths'^ round
+about.
+
+37 After this manner did he make the ten
+bases: one casting, one measure, one form,
+was there for all of them.
+
+38 ^ Then made he ten lavers of copper;
+forty baths could each one laver contain;
+every laver was four cubits : each one laver
+was upon 'each one base of the ten bases.
+
+39 And he put the bases, five on the right
+side of the house, and five on the left side of
+the house: and the sea he set on the right
+side of the house eastward opposite'' the south.
+
+■^ Philippson, "Also beneath were oxen and lions sol-
+dered on, of plated work;" nvh thus, after Jonathan,
+"fastened on."
+
+° i. e. Of the laver which rested on the base.
+
+' Sachs, and others, "felloes, spokes, and naves."
+
+' Sachs. Philipp.son, " And he engraved on the tables
+— cherubim, &c., according to the space of each, and they
+were then solilored on," &c. (nr'? as above, v. 29.)
+
+" ('. r. South-easterly.
+
+
+1 KINC.S VII. VIII.
+
+
+40 ^ And lliraiu iiiailc the lavers, and
+the shovels, and the basins; so Hiram made
+•an end of doing all the work tliat he made
+for king Solomon for the house of the
+Lord:
+
+41 The two ]>iiliirs, and the two bowl-
+shaped capitals that were on the top of the
+two pillars; and the two net-works, to cover
+tlie two bowl-shaped capitals which were
+upon the top of the pillars;
+
+42 And the four hundred pomegranates for
+the two net-works, two rows of pomegranates
+lor each one net-work, to cover the two bowl-
+shaped capitals that were upon the fronf of
+the pillars;
+
+43 And the ten bases, and the ten lavers
+upon the bases;
+
+44 And the one sea, and the twelve oxen
+under tlie sea;
+
+45 And the pots, and the shovels, and the
+basins; and all these vessels, which Iliram had I
+made for king Solomon for the house of the
+Lord, Avere ol' polished copper.
+
+46 In the plain of the Jordan did the king
+cast them, in the clay-ground'' Ijetween Suc-
+coth and Zarethan.
+
+47 And Solomon set down all tlie vessels
+(unweighed), because they were exceedingly
+many: the weight of the copper was not in-
+quired into.
+
+48 And Solomon made all the vessels that
+pertained unto the house of the Lord : The
+altar of gold, and the table whereupon the
+show-bread was, of gold,
+
+49 And the candlesticks, five on tlie right
+side, and five on the left, before the debir,''of
+pure gold, with the flowers, and the lamps,
+and the tongs of gold,
+
+50 And the bowls, and the knives,'' and
+the basins, and the spoons, and the censers
+of pure gold ; and the hinges, for the doors of
+the inner house, for the holy of holies, for the
+doors of the house, and for the temple, (were)
+of gold.
+
+51 ^[ And so was ended all the work that
+king Solomon made for the house of the Lord:
+and vSolomon lirought in tlie things sanctified
+by David his father, the silver, and the gold,
+
+" Meaning, whieh were visible when in front.
+" Lit. "in thick" or "solid earth."
+' lleuflered "the most holy place," in vi.5.
+^ Eng. ver. "snuffers." Raslii supposes nnoio auil
+11130 to be particular musical instrunnnts.
+
+
+and the vessels, (and) he placed (these) in
+the treasuries of the house of the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER VIIL
+
+1 •[[ Then did Solomon assemble the elders
+of Israel, and all the heads of the trilies, the
+])i'inces of the divisions of the children of Is-
+rael, unto king Solomon in Jerusalem, to bring
+up the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of
+the city of David, which is Zion.
+
+2 And all the men of Israel assembled
+themselves unto king Solomon at the feast"
+in the month Etlianim, which is the seventii
+month.
+
+' 3 And all the elders of Israel came, and
+the priests took np the ark.
+
+4 And they brought up the ark of the
+Lord, and the tabernacle of the congregation,
+and all the holy vessels that were in the taber-
+nacle: even these did the priests and the Le-
+vites bring up.
+
+5 And king Solomon, and all the congre-
+gation of Israel, that were assembled unto
+him, were with him before the ark, sacrificing
+sheep and oxen, that conld not be told nor
+numbered for multitude.
+
+6 And the priests brought in the ark of
+the covenant of the Lord unto its place, into
+the debir of the house, into the most holy
+place, under the wings of the cherubim.
+
+7 For the cherubim spread forth their
+wings over the place of the ark, and the
+cherubim covered the ark and its staves from
+above.
+
+8 And the_y had made the staves so long,
+that the ends of the staves were seen out in
+the holy place in the front of the debir, but
+they were not seen without;' and they have
+remained there until this day.
+
+9 There was nothing in the ark save the
+two tables of stone, which Moses had placed
+therein at Horeb, where the Lord made a'
+covenant with the children of Israel, when
+they came out of the land of Egypt.
+
+10 And it came to pass, when the priests
+were come out of the holy place, that the
+cloud filled the liouse of the Lord:
+
+11 And the priests were not able to stand
+
+" The Feast of Tabernacles, celebrated in the month of
+Tishry, formerly Ethanim.
+
+' The staves which ^Moses had made to carry the ar'K,
+had been made longer than before, and tliey just touched
+tiie curtain, so as lo be iiierelv iicrceptible on the outside.
+
+' ' ' 3U7
+
+
+1 KINGS VIII.
+
+
+to minister because of the cloud ; lor the
+glory of the Lord had filled the house of the
+Lord.
+
+12 ][ Then said Solomon, The Lord said
+that he would dwell in the thick darkness.
+
+13 1 have indeed built a dwelling-house for
+thee, a settled place for thy abode for ever.
+
+14 And the king turned his face about,
+and blessed all the congregation of Israel;
+and all the congregation of Israel was stand-
+in o"
+
+15 And he said. Blessed be the Lord, the
+God of Israel, who spoke with his mouth unto
+David my father, and hath with his hand ful-
+filled it, when he said,
+
+16 Since the day that I brought forth my
+people Israel out of Egypt, I did not make
+choice of any city out of all the tribes of Israel
+to build a house, that my name might be
+therein; but I made choice of David to be
+over my people Israel.
+
+17 And it was in the heart of David my
+lather to build a house for the name of the
+Lord, the God of Israel.
+
+18 But the Lord said unto David my father.
+Whereas it was in tliy heart to build a house
+unto my name, thou didst well that it was in
+thy heart:
+
+19 Nevertheless, thou shalt not thyself
+build the house; but thy son that shall come
+forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house
+unto my name.
+
+20 And the Lord hath fulfilled his word
+that he hath spoken : and I am risen up in
+the room of David my fatlier, and I sit on the
+throne of Israel, as the Lord hath spoken,
+and I have built the house for the name of
+the Lord the God of Israel.
+
+21 And I have assigned there a place for
+the ark, wherein is the covenant of the Lord,
+Avhich he made with our ftithers, when he
+
+"Ijrought them Ibrth out of the land of Egypt.
+
+22 ^ And Solomon now placed himself be-
+fore the altar of the Lord in the presence of
+all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth
+his hands toward heaven;
+
+23 And he said, 0 Lord, the God of Israel,
+there is no god like thee, in the heavens
+above, and on the earth beneath, thou who
+keepest the covenant and the kindness for
+thy servants that walk before thee with all
+theii' heart;
+
+24 Who hast kejjt for thy ser\ant David
+
+398
+
+
+my father what thou hadst promised him ;
+and thou spokest with thy mouth, and hast
+fulfilled it with thy hand, as it is this day.
+
+25 And now, 0 Lord, the God of Israel,
+keep for thy servant David my father what
+thou hast spoken concerning him, saying. There
+shall never fail thee a man in my sight who
+sitteth on the throne of Israel; if thy chil-
+dren but take lieed to their way to walk be-
+fore me, as thou hast walked before n)e.
+
+26 And now, 0 God of Israel, I pray thee,
+let thy word be verified, which thou hast
+spoken unto tliy servant David my father.
+
+27 For in truth will God then dwell on the
+earth? behold, the heavens and the heavens
+of heavens cannot contain thee: how much
+less then this house that I have built!
+
+28 Yet wilt thou turn thy regard unto the
+2)rayer of thy servant, and to his supplication,
+0 Lord my God, to listen unto the entreaty
+and unto the prayer, which thy servant pray-
+eth before thee to-day;
+
+29 That thy eyes may be open toward
+this house night and day, toward the place
+of which thou hast said. My name shall be
+there ; that thou mayest listen unto the prayer
+which thy servant shall pray at this place.
+
+30 And listen thou to the supplication of
+thy servant, and of thy people Israel, which
+they will pray at this place : aiid oh, do
+thou hear in heaven thy dwelling-place; and
+hear, and forgive.
+
+31 If any man trespass against his neigh-
+bour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause
+him to swear, and the oath come before thy
+altar in this house :
+
+32 Then do thou hear in heaven, and act,
+and judge thy servants, by condemning the
+wicked, to bring his way upon his head ; and
+by justifying the righteous, to give him ac-
+cording to his righteousness.
+
+33 ^[ When thy people Israel are struck
+down before the enemy, because they have
+sinned against thee, and they return then to
+thee, and confess thy name, and pray, and
+make supplication unto thee in this house:
+
+34 Then do thou hear in heaven, and for-
+give the sin of thy people Israel, and cause
+them to return unto the land which thou hast
+given unto their fathers.
+
+35 Tl When tlie heavens Ije sliut up, and
+there be no rain, because they have sinned
+
+! iigainst thee, and tlicy pray toward this place,
+
+
+1 KINGS VIII.
+
+
+iind coiitl'ss thy iiaiiic, and turn i'rom their
+sin, because thou liast" afflicted them :
+
+36 Then do tliou hear in heaven, and for-
+give the sin of thy servants, and of thy people
+Israel; for''thou wilt teach them the good way
+wherein they should walk ; and give then rain
+upon thy land, which tlion hast given to thy
+jjeople for an inheritance.
+
+37 ^ If there be fiimine in the land, if
+there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, or if
+there be locust, caterpillar, if their enemy
+besiege them in the land in their gates; at
+whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness ;
+
+38 Wliat prayer and supplication soever
+bo made by any man," of all thy people Is-
+rael, when they shall be conscious every
+man of the plague of his own heart, and he
+then spread forth his hands toward this
+house :
+
+39 Then do thou hear in heaven the place
+of thy dwelling, and forgive, and act, and give
+to every man in accordance with all his ways,
+as thou mayest know his heart; for thou, tliv-
+self alone, knowest the heart of all the chil-
+dren of men;
+
+40 In order that they may fear thee all
+the days that the}- live on the face of the
+land which thou hast given unto our fathers.
+
+41 But also to the stranger, who is not of
+thy people Israel, but cometli out of a far-oft'
+country for the sake of thy name; .
+
+42 For they will hear of thy great name,
+and of thy strong hand, and of thy out-
+stretched arm; when he will come and pray
+at'' this house :
+
+43 Mayest thou listen in heaven the place
+of thy dwelling, and do according to all that
+the stranger will call on thee for; in order
+that all the nations of the earth may know
+thy name, to fear thee, as (do) thy people
+Israel; and that they may understand that
+this house, which I have built, is called by
+thy name."
+
+44 % If thy people go out to battle against
+their enemy, on the way on which thou may-
+est send them, and they do pray unto the
+Lord in the direction of the city which thou
+
+" Jmuithaii, ''because thou wilt accept their prayers,"
+takinj; u:i'r\ as derived from nj>', "to answer prayer."
+
+" Others, "after thou hast tauj^ht them," &e.
+
+' Redak, "be it one man, or all thy people Israel."
+
+'' After Jonathan ; though from tlie context we have
+rendered Sn at times, with "at" in tliis passage. But the
+
+
+hast chosen, and of the house that I have
+built for thy name:
+
+45 Then hear thou in heaven their prtiyer
+and their sup{)lication, and procure them jus-
+tice."^
+
+46 If they sin against thee, (for there is no
+man that may not sin,) and thou be angry
+with them, and give them up before the
+enemy, so that their captors carry them away
+captive unto the land of the enemy, (be it) lar
+or near ;
+
+47 And if tliey then take it to their heart
+in the land whither they have been carried
+captive, and repent, and make supplication
+unto thee in the land of their captors, say-
+ing. We have sinned, and have committed ini-
+quity, we have acted wickedly;
+
+48 And they return unto thee with all
+tlieir heart, and with all their soul, in the
+land of their enemies, who have led them
+away captive, and they pray unto thee in the
+direction of their land, which thou hast given
+unto their fathers, of the city which thou
+hast chosen, and of the house which I have
+built for thy name :
+
+49 Then hetir thou in heaven the place of
+thy dwelling their prayer and their sui)plica-
+tion, and procure them justice;
+
+50 And forgive thy people for what they
+have sinned against thee, and all their trans-
+gressions whereby they have transgressed
+against thee, and cause them to find mercy
+before their captors, that they may have
+mercy on them;
+
+51 For they are thy people, and thy heri-
+tage, whom thou hast brought forth out of
+Egypt, from the midst of the iron furnace;
+
+52 That thy eyes may be open unto the
+supplication of thy servant, and unto the sup-
+plication of thy people Israel, to listen unto
+them in all for which they call unto thee ;
+
+53 For thou hast separated them unto thee
+as a heritage from all the people of the
+earth, as thou spokest by the hand of Moses
+thy servant, when thou broughtest forth our
+ftitliers out of Egypt, 0 Lord Eternal.
+
+54 ^ And it happened, that, when Solomon
+
+
+I word has been chosen no doubt purposely, to denote that
+praj'er should be said tou-ard the sanctuary, if it should
+not be possible to pray in it.
+
+" Heb. "thy name is called upon this house."
+' Arnheim, "do for them what they need." (See also
+V. 4[).)
+
+
+1 KINGS Vlll. IX.
+
+
+hud made an end ol" pi-ayiiig all this prayer
+and supplication unto the Lord, he arose from
+before the altar of the Lord from kneeling on
+his knees, with his hands spread out toward
+heaven.
+
+55 And he stood up, and blessed all the
+congregation of Israel with a loud voice, saj-
+
+56 Blessed be the Lord, who hath given
+rest unto his people Israel, in accordance with
+all that he hath spoken : (so that) there hath
+not failed one word of all his good promise,
+which he spoke bv the hand of Moses his
+servant.
+
+57 The Lord our God be with us, as he
+was with our t;ithers; oh may he not leave
+us, nor forsake us;
+
+58 That he may incline our heart unto
+him, to walk in all his ways, and to keep his
+commandments, and his statutes, and his
+ordinances, which he commanded our fathers.
+
+59 And may these my words, wherewith I
+have made supplication before the Lord, be
+nigh unto the Lord our God day and night,
+that he may maintain the cause of his servant,
+and the cause of his people Israel in their
+daily requirements ;"
+
+60 In order that all the nations of the
+earth ma}- know that the Lord is the (true)
+God, and none else.
+
+61 Let your heart therefore be entire with
+the Lord our God, to walk in his statutes,
+and to keep his commandments, as at this
+day.
+
+62 And the king, and all Israel with him,
+offered sacritices before the Lord.
+
+63 And Solomon ofiered (as) the sacrifice
+of peace-offering which he offered inito the
+Lord, two and twenty thousand oxen, and a
+hundred and twenty thousand sheep. And
+thus did the king and all the children of Israel
+dedicate the house of the Lord.
+
+64 On the same day did the king hallow
+the interior of the court that was before the
+house of the Lord; lor he prepared there the
+burnt-offerings, and the meat-offerings, and the
+fat of the peace-offerings; because the copper
+altar that was before the Lord was too sm.all
+to contain the burnt-offerings, and the meat-
+offerings, and the fat of the peace-offerings.
+
+65 And Solomon held at that time the
+
+
+' Heb. "the thing of a d;iy on its day."
+■100
+
+
+feast,** and all Israel with him. a great assem-
+bly, from the entrance of Chamath unto the
+river of Egypt, before the Lord our God,
+seven da3s and seven days, even fourteen
+days.
+
+66 On the eighth da)- he dismissed the peo-
+ple, and they blessed the king; and they went
+unto their tents joyful and glad of heart, be-
+cause of all the good that the Lord had done
+for David his servant, and tor Israel his people.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 And it came to pass, Avheu Solomon had
+finished building the house of the Lord, and
+the king's house, and all Solomon's desire
+which he was pleased to execute :
+
+2 ^ That the Lord appeared to Solomon
+the second time, as he had appeared inito
+him at Gib'on.
+
+3 And the Lord said unto him, I have
+heard thy praj er and thy supplication, that
+thou hast offered before me; I have hallowed
+this house, which thou hfist built, to put my
+name there for ever; and my eyes and my
+heart shall be thei'e at all times.
+
+4 And as for thee, if thou wilt walk before
+me, as David thy father walked, in integrity
+of heart, and in rectitude, to do in accordance
+with all that I have commanded thee, (and)
+wilt keep my statutes and my ordinances :
+
+5 Then will I establish the throne of thy
+kingdom over Israel for ever; as I have spoken
+concerning David thy fathei', sa3ing, There
+shall never fail thee a man upon" the throne
+of Israel.
+
+6 But if ye will at all turn awa}-, ^e or
+your children, from following me, and will
+not keep m_v commandments (and) my sta-
+tutes which I have set before you, and go and
+serve other gods, and bow down to them :
+
+7 Then will I cut off Israel from the face
+of the land which I have given them; and
+the house, which I have hallowed unto m}^
+name, Avill I cast away from my sight ; and
+Israel shall be a pro\erb and a In-word among
+all the nations;
+
+8 And at this house, (which) should be so ex-
+alted, every one that passeth l)y it shall be
+astonished, and shall hiss; and men will say,
+'Why hath the Lord done thus unto this land,
+and unto this house?
+
+
+^ i. e. Of tabernai'les.
+
+
+' Lit. " from."
+
+
+1 KINGS IX. X.
+
+
+9 And tlicy .sliall say, For the cause that
+they forsook tlie Lord their God, who had
+brouglit forth their fathers out of the land of
+I]gypt, and took hold ofotlier gods, and bow-
+ed down to them, and served them : therefore
+hath the Lord liroiight upon tliem all this
+evil.
+
+10 T[ And it came to pass at the end of
+twenty years, when Solomon had built the
+two houses, the house of the Lord, and the
+king's house,
+
+11 (Now Hiram the king of Tjre had sup-
+plied Solomon with cedar-trees and lir-treea,
+and with gold, according to all his desire.)
+that king Solomon then gave to Hiram
+twenty cities in the land of Galilee.
+
+12 And Hiram came out from Tyre to see
+the cities which Solomon had given him; but
+they were not right in his eyes.
+
+13 And he said, What kind of cities are
+these which thou hast given me, my brother?
+And he called them, The hand of Cabul, until
+this day.
+
+14 ][ And Hiram sent to the king one hun-
+dred and twenty talents of gold.
+
+15 And this is the manner of the levy
+which king Solomon raised, to build the
+house of the Lord, and his own house, and
+the Millo," and the wall of Jerusalem, and
+Chazor, and Megiddo, and Gezer.
+
+IG (Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up,
+and captured Gezer, and burnt it witli tire, and
+slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city,
+and given it as a marriage-present unto his
+daughter, Solomon's wife.
+
+17 And Solomon built Gezer, and lower
+Beth-choron,
+
+18 And Ba'alath, and Thadmor'' in the wil-
+derness, in the land,"
+
+19 And all the treasure-cities'* that Solomon
+had, and the cities for the chariots, and the
+cities for the horsemen, and the (other) desire
+of Solomon which he desired to build in Jeru-
+salem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land
+of his dominion.)
+
+
+" Millo is said to have been a deep valley between the
+ancient city of Jebu.s, and the city of David on Mount
+Zion : this Solomon filled up, and built upon ; and it be-
+came a fortified place, and a place for public assemblies.
+
+" The word is written iu the Hebrew text Thamar,
+which is " Palm," the same as Palmyra, the usual name
+of the place.
+
+° Kashi comments, "this means, near the inhabited
+country."
+
+3 A
+
+
+20 MY the people that were left of the
+Emorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hi-
+vites, and the Jcbusites, who were not of the
+children of Israel,
+
+21 Their children that were left after them
+in the land, whom the children of Israel had
+not been able utterly to destroy, these did
+Solomon levy as trilnitary labourers until this
+day.
+
+22 Yet of the children of Israel did Solo-
+mon make no one a bond-man ; but they were
+
+the men of war, and bis servants, and his
+princes, and his captains, and the officers of
+his chariots, and of his horsemen.
+
+23 ]f These (also) were the chiefs of the
+superintendents that were over Solomon's
+work, live hundred and fifty, wlio ruled o^ er
+the people that wrought on the work.
+
+21 But Pharaoh's daughter came up out
+of the city of David unto her house whicli
+he had built for her: then did he build the
+Millo.
+
+25 And Solomon did ofler three times in
+every year burnt-olfe rings and peace-oflerings
+upon the altar which he had built unto the
+Lord, and he burnt incense upon the one that
+was before the Lord. So he tinished the
+house.^
+
+26 And king Solomon made a slii]y- in 'Ez-
+yon-gebei', which is near Eloth, on the shore
+of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.
+
+27 And Hiram sent in the ship his ser-
+vants, seamen, that had knowledge of the sea,
+with the servants of Solomon.
+
+28 And they came to Ophir, and fetched
+from there gold, four hundred and twenty
+talents, and brought it to king Solomon.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 T[ And when the queen of Slieba heard
+of the fame of Solomon iu connection'' witli
+the name of the Lord, she came to prove him
+with riddles.
+
+2 And she came to Jerusalem with an ex-
+ceedingly great train, with camels bearing
+
+'' i. e. Those where the public stores and provisions
+were kept. (See E.Kod. i. 11.)
+
+' Here recommences the statement of the levy beguu
+in verse 15.
+
+' Arnheim, after Kalbag, "he paid his dues to the
+house," i. e. the necessary sacrifices for the altar.
+
+^ Others, "ships" or "navy," referring to 2 Chr. viii. 18.
+
+'' Herxheimer explains, "what he had done for the
+fllniilifatiim of the LdLiH."
+
+401
+
+
+1 KINGS X.
+
+
+spices, and gold in great abundance, and pre-
+cious stones : and when she was come to Solo-
+mon, she spoke with him of all that was on
+her heart.
+
+3 And Solomon solved her all her ques-
+tions: nothing remained hidden from the
+king, which he did not tell her.
+
+4 And when the queen of Sheba saw all
+Solomon's wisdom, and the house that he had
+built,
+
+5 And the food of his table, and the sitting
+of his servants, and the attendance of his
+ministers, and their apparel, and his cup-
+bearers, and his ascent" by which he went up
+unto the house of the Lord : there was no
+more spirit in her.
+
+6 And she said to the king. The truth only
+was the word that I heard in my own land
+of thy acts and of thy wisdom.
+
+7 And I believed not in the words, until I
+came, and my eyes saw (all) : and, behold,
+the half hath not been told me; thou excel-
+lest in wisdom and prosperity the report
+which I have heard.
+
+8 Happy are thy men, happy are these thy
+servants, who stand before thee continually,
+who hear thy wisdom.
+
+9 Blessed be the Lord thy God, who hath
+had delight in thee, to place thee on the
+throne of Israel; because the Lord lovetli
+Israel for ever, therefore hath he made thee
+king, to do justice and righteousness.
+
+10 And she gave to the king one hundred
+and twenty talents of gold, and of spices a very
+great store, and precious stones : there came no
+more spices in such abundance as these which
+the queen of Sheba gave to king Solomon.
+
+11 And also the ship of Hiram, that
+fetched gold from Ophir, brought in from
+Ophir in great abundance sandal-wood** and
+precious stones.
+
+12 And the king made of the sandal- wood
+a railing for the house of the Lord, and for
+the king's house, and harps and psalteries for
+the singers: there came no such sandal-wood,
+nor was it seen (again) until thi.s day.
+
+" After Rashi, who with other Rabbins takes inS^' for
+in'Sj', )'. r.. a passage loading from the palace to the
+temple. But Jonathan, " and his burnt-offerings, which
+he offered at the house of the Lord."
+
+'' After Kodak.
+
+' /iunz and others, siiiijilv " nK'rcliants."
+40i
+
+
+13 And king Solomon gave unto the queen
+of Sheba all her pleasure, whatsoever she
+asked, beside what Solomon gave her of his
+royal bounty. So she turned about and went
+to her own country, she and her servants.
+
+14 \ Now the weight of the gold that
+came to Solomon in one year was six hun-
+dred and sixty and six talents of gold,
+
+15 Beside (what he had) of the travelling
+tradesmen," and of the traffic of the mer-
+chants, and of all the kings of confederate
+nations,'' and of the governors of the country.
+
+16 And king Solomon made two hundred
+targets of beaten gold :" six hundred shekels
+of gold he used for each one target.
+
+17 And (he made) three hundred shields of
+beaten gold; three manehs of gold he used
+for each one shield: and the king put them
+in the house of the forest of Lebanon.^
+
+18 The king also made a great throne of
+ivory, and overlaid it with the best gold.
+
+19 The throne had six steps, and there was
+a round top on the throne behind ; and there
+were arms on either side on the place of the
+seat, and two lions stood beside the arms.
+
+20 And twelve lions stood there upon the
+six steps on both sides: thei'e was not the
+like made in any other kingdom.
+
+21 And all king Solomon's drinking-vessels
+were of gold, and all the vessels of the house
+of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold ;
+none were of silver;^ it was not valued in
+the days of Solomon at the least.
+
+22 For the king had a Tharshish-ship"
+at sea with the ship of Hiram : once in three
+3'ears the Tharshish-ship used to come home,
+laden with gold, and silver, ivory, and apes,
+and peacocks.
+
+23 And king Solomon became greater than
+all the kings of the earth for riches and for
+wisdom.
+
+24 And (men of) all the earth sought the
+presence of Solomon to hear his wisdom,
+which God had put in his heart.
+
+25 And thoy brought every man his jare-
+sent, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and
+
+
+'' After Jonathan; others, "kings of Arabia;" Zunz,
+" the western country."
+
+' Zunz and Philippson, " alloyed gold;" Redak, "soft,"
+or " the finest gold."
+
+' Jonathan, "summer palace."
+
+' Lit. "there was no silver."
+
+'' " African-traders." — Kasui.
+
+
+1 KINGS X. XI.
+
+
+and garments, and armour, and spices, horses,
+and mules : and so year by year.
+
+26 ][ And Solomon gathered together cha-
+riots and horsemen : and he had a thousand
+and four hundred chariots, and twelve thou-
+sand horsemen, whom he quartered in the
+cities for chariots, and near the king at Jeru-
+salem.
+
+27 And the king rendered the silver in
+Jerusalem like stones, and the cedai's he
+rendered like the sycamore-trees that are in
+the lowlands, for abundance.
+
+28 And Solomon had horses brought out
+of Egypt; and a company"' of the king's mer-
+chants bought a quantity at a price.
+
+29 And a chariot-team'' came up and went
+out of Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver,
+and a horse for a hundred and fifty : and so
+for all the kings of the Ilittites, and for the
+kings of Syria, did they bring them out by
+their means."
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 *[\ But king Solomon loved many strange
+women, beside the daughter of Pharaoh,
+women of the Moiibites, 'Ammonites, Edom-
+ites, Zidoniaiis, and Hittites.
+
+2 Prom the nations concerning which the
+Lord had said unto the children of Israel, Ye
+shall not go in among them, nor shall they
+come in among you; surely they will turn
+away your heart after their gods : unto these
+Solomon did cleave to love them.
+
+3 And he had seven hundred wives, prin-
+cesses, and three hundred concubines: and
+his wives turned away his heart.
+
+4 And it came to pass, at the time that
+Solomon was old, that his wives turned away
+his heart after other gods; and his heart w^as
+not undivided with the Lord his God, like
+the heart of David his flither.
+
+5 And Solomon went after 'Ashtoreth the
+divinity of the Zidonians, and after Milcom
+the abomination of the 'Ammonites.
+
+6 And Solomon did what is evil in the
+eyes of the Lord, and went not fully after the
+Lord, like David his father.
+
+7 ][ Then did Solomon build a high-place
+for Kemosh, the abomination of Moab, on the
+
+
+* Rashi. Others, "and Solomou Iiad liorscs brought
+out of Egypt and linen, the king's merchants bought the
+linen at a price."
+
+
+mount that is before Jerusalem, and for Mo-
+lech, the abomination of the children of 'Am
+mon.
+
+8 And so did he for all his strange wives,
+who bui-nt incense and sacrificed unto their
+gods.
+
+9 And the Lord was angry with Solomon ;
+because his heart was turned away from the
+Lord the God of Israel, who had appeared
+unto him twice;
+
+10 And had comnumded him concerning
+this thing, that he should not go after other
+gods; but he did not keep that which the
+Lord had commanded.
+
+11 ][ And the Lord said unto Solomon,
+Forasmuch as this is in thy mind, and thou
+hast not kept my covenant and my statutes,
+which I commanded concerning thee : I will
+surely rend, the kingdom from thee, and will
+give it to thy servant.
+
+12 Nevertheless in thy days will I not do
+it, for the sake of David thy father; (but) out
+of the hand of thy son will I rend it.
+
+13 Still all the kingdom will I not rend
+away: one tribe will I give to thy son on ac-
+count of David my servant, and on account
+of Jerusalem which I have chosen.
+
+14 ][ And the Lord stirred up an adver-
+sary unto Solomon, Iladad the Edomite : he
+was of the king's seed in Edom.
+
+15 It came to pass, namely, when David
+was in Edom, when Joiib the captain of tlic
+army was gone up to bury the slain, after he
+had smitten every male in Edom;
+
+IG (For six months did Joab remain there
+with all Israel, until he he had cut oft' every
+male in Edom :)
+
+17 That Hadad fled, he and certain Edom-
+ites of his father's servants with him, to go
+into Egypt ; but Hadad was then yet a young
+lad.
+
+18 And they arose from Midian, and came
+to Paran; and they took (some) men with
+them from Paran, and came to Egypt, unto
+Pharaoh the king of Egypt; who gave him a
+house, and decreed him a support, and gave
+him land.
+
+19 And Hadad found great favour in the
+eyes of Pharaoh, so that he gave him for wife
+
+
+'' Eng. version, simply "a chariot."
+" From this it appears that Solomon's trailers had a,
+monopoly to supply the neighbourhood with Imrses.
+
+4QS
+
+
+1 KINGS XI.
+
+
+the sister of his own wife, the sister of Thach-
+peness tlie queen.
+
+20 And the sisterofThachpeness bore him
+Genubath his son,Avhoni Thaehpeness brought
+up in Pharaoh's house ; and Genuljath remained
+in Pharaoh's house among the sons of Pharaoh.
+
+'Jl And when Had!id heard in Egypt that
+David slept with his fathers, and that Joab
+the captain of the army was dead : Iladad
+said to Pharaoh, Dismiss me, that I may go
+to my own country.
+
+22 Then said Pharaoh unto him, But wdiat
+dost thou hick with me, that, behold, thou
+seekest to go to thy own country? And he
+answered. Nothing: nevertheless thou must
+let me go away.
+
+23 And God stirred him up (another) adver-
+sary, Rezon the son of Elyada', who had fled
+fro7n Hadad'ezer the king of Zobah his lord;
+
+24 And he gathered around him some men,
+and Ix'came captain over a band, when David
+slew those (of Zoljali) ; and they went to Da-
+mascus, and dwelt therein, and reigned in
+Damascus.
+
+25 And he was an adversary to Israel all
+the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that
+Iladad did: and he abhorred" Israel, and
+reigned over Syria.
+
+26 ^ Also Jerobo'am"' the son of Nebat, an
+Ejihrathite of Zeredah, the name of whose
+mother was Zeru'ah, a widow woman, was a
+servant of Solomon, and he lifted up his hand
+against the king.
+
+27 And this was the occasion that he
+lifted ui) his hand aaainst the king: Solomon
+built up the Millo," and closed up the breach
+of the city of David his father.
+
+28 And the man Jerobo'am was a mighty
+man of valour: and Solomon seeing the
+young man that he was (also) an industrious
+worker, he appointed hini over all the charge
+of the house of Joseph.
+
+29 T[ And it came to pass at tliat time
+when Jerobo'am went out of Jcmisalem, that
+the prophet Achiyah the Siiilonite found him
+on the way; and he had clad himself with a
+new garment; and these two were alone by
+themselves in the field;
+
+•Jonathan, "and he rebelled against Israel." Zunz,
+"and he dreaded."
+
+'' Properly, Yaroh'am.
+
+" Rashi, in the name of the Talmud, explains that
+David had left the Milio open and tiie wall breathed, that
+404
+
+
+30 'And Achiyah caught hold of the new
+garment that was on him, and rent it in
+twelve pieces;
+
+31 And he said to Jerobo'am, Take thee
+ten pieces; for thus hath said the Lord, the
+God of Israel, Behold. I will rend the king-
+dom out of the hand of Solomon, and I will
+give to thee the ten tribes;
+
+32 But the one tribe shall remain for him. on
+account of my servant David, and on account
+of Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen
+out of all the tribes of Israel ;
+
+33 For the cause that they have forsaken
+me, and have bowed down to 'Ashtoreth the
+divinity of the Zidonians, toKemosh the god of
+Moab, and to Milconr the god of the children of
+'Amnion, and have not walked in my ways,
+to do what is riglit in my eyes, and my sta-
+tutes and my ordinances, like David his father.
+
+34 Nevertheless will I not take the whole
+kingdom out of his hand; but I will let him
+remain prince all the days of his life for the
+sake of David my servant, whom I chose, who
+kept my commandments and my statutes ;
+
+35 But I will take the kingdom out of the
+hand of his son, and I will give it unto thee,
+even the ten tribes.
+
+36 And unto his son will I give one tribe;
+so that there may remain a government^ for
+David my servant at all times before me in
+Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen for
+me, to put my name there.
+
+37 But thee will I take, and thou shalt
+reign over all that thy soul may long for; and
+thou shalt be king over Israel.
+
+38 And it shall be, if thou wilt hearken
+unto all that I shall command thee, and wilt
+walk in my ways, and do what is I'ight in my
+eyes, to keep my statutes and my command-
+ments, as David my servant did : that I will
+be with thee, and build thee a permanent
+house, as I have built for David, and 1 will
+give Israel unto thee.
+
+39 And I will afflict the seed of David for
+this; but not for all times.
+
+40 ][ Solomon thereupon sought to iiut Je-
+robo'am to death; but Jerobo'am artise. and fled
+into Egypt, luito Shishak tlie king of Egypt,
+
+
+the pilgrims might freely enter and lodge, and that Solo-
+mon having built it up for the purpose of Pharaoh's
+daughter, brought about a reproof from Jerobo'am.
+
+'' After Jonathan ; others take Tj as i: and render " a
+lamji," or "light."
+
+
+1 KINCS XI. XII.
+
+
+and he remaiiiod in Egypt nntil the death of
+Solomon.
+
+41 And the rest of the acts of Solomon,
+and all that he did, and his wisdom, behold,
+they are written in the book of the history of
+Solomon.
+
+4:^ And the days that Solomon reigned in
+Jerusalem over all Israel were forty years.
+
+43 And Solomon slept with his fathers,
+and was buried in the eity of David his
+father: and Rehobo'am" his son became king
+in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ^ And Rehobo'am went to Shechem;
+for all Israel were come to Shechem to make
+him king.
+
+2 And it came to pass, when Jerobo'am
+the son of Nebat, heard of it, (but he was yet
+in Egypt, whither he was fled irom the pre-
+sence of king Solomon, and Jerobo'am dwelt
+in Egypt;
+
+3 And they had sent and called him;) that
+Jerobo'am and all the congregation of Israel
+came, and spoke unto Rehobo'am, saying,
+
+4 Thj- lather made our yoke hard; but
+do thou now make lighter the hard service of
+thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put
+upon us, and we will serve thee.
+
+5 And he said unto them, Go away yet
+for three days, and then return to me. And
+the people went away.
+
+6 Then consulted king Rehobo'am with
+the old men, that had stood before Solomon
+his father while he yet lived, and said. How
+do ye advise that I should give an answer to
+this people?
+
+7 And they spoke unto him, saying. If
+thou wilt this day be a servant unto this peo-
+l)le, and wilt serve them, and be attentive to
+them, and speak to them good words; then
+will they be servants unto thee for all times.
+
+8 But he forsook the counsel of the old
+men, which they had given him, and consulted
+with the young men that were grown up with
+him, tho.se who stood before him :
+
+9 And he said unto them, What do you
+counsel how we should give an answer to this
+people, who have spoken to me, saying. Make
+lighter the yoke which thy father did put
+upon us?
+
+* Corrfctly, Rn-Jinh' tnyi.
+
+
+10 Then sjioke unto him the 3'oung men
+that were grown up with him, saying. Thus
+must thou say unto this people that have
+spoken unto thee, saying, Th}' father made
+our yoke heavy, but do thou make it lighter
+unto us: thus must thou speak unto them.
+My little fnmcr is thicker than mv father's
+loins.
+
+11 And now, if my father hath burdened
+you with a heavy yoke, I will even add to
+your yoke ; if my father liath chastised you
+with whips, then will I chastise you with
+scorpion-thorns.
+
+12 When now Jerobo'am and all the peo-
+ple came to Rehobo'am on the third day, as
+the king had spoken, saying. Return to me
+on the third day :
+
+13 The king answered the people harshly,
+and forsook the old men's counsel that they
+had advised him;
+
+14 And he spoke to them after the counsel
+of the young men, saying. My father made
+your yoke heavy, and Twill even add to your
+yoke; my father chastised you with whips,
+but I will chastise you with scorpion-thorns.
+
+15 Thus the king hearkened not unto the
+people; for it was so brought about from the
+Lord, in order that he might fulfil his word,
+which the Lord had spoken by means of
+Achiyah (he Shilonite unto Jerobo'am tlie son
+of Nebat.
+
+16 So when all Israel saw that the king
+hearkened not unto them, the people gave
+the king an answer saying. What portion
+have we in David? nor have we an inherit-
+ance in the son of Jesse; to your tents, 0
+Israel : now see to thy own house, Daviil.
+So did Israel go away unto their tents.
+
+17 But as for the children of Israel who
+dwelt in the cities of Judah, over them did
+Roliobo'am reign.
+
+18 Tf Then sent king Rehobo'am Adorani,
+who was over the tribute ; but all Isi-ael
+stoned him with stones, that he died. There-
+fore king Rehobo'am made speed with all his
+might to get up into his chariot, to flee to
+Jerusalem.
+
+19 So did Israel rebel against the house of
+David unto this day.
+
+20 Tl And it came to pass, when all Isi'ael
+heard that Jerobo'am was returned, that they
+sent and called him unto the congregation,
+and inade him king over all Israel : there was
+
+405
+
+
+1 KINGS XII. XIII.
+
+
+none that followed the house of David, save
+the tribe of Judah alone.
+
+21 And when Rehobo'am was come to Je-
+rusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah,
+with the tribe of Benjamin, a hundred and
+eighty thousand chosen men, warriors," to
+fight against the house of Israel, to bring
+Imck the kingdom to Rehobo'am the son of
+Solomon.
+
+22 ]| But the word of God came unto She-
+ma'yah the man of God, saying,
+
+23 Say unto Echobo'am, the son of Solo-
+mon, the king of Judah, and unto all the
+house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the
+remnant of the people, saying,
+
+24 Thus hath said the Lord, Ye shall
+not go up, nor fight with your brethren the
+children of Israel : return every man to his
+house; for from me hath this thing been
+brought about. And they hearkened to the
+word of the Lord, and returned to go home,
+according to the word of the Lord.
+
+25 Tl And Jeroljo'am built^' Shechem in the
+mountain of Ephraim, and dwelt therein;
+and he went out from there and built Penuel.
+
+26 And Jerobo'am said in his heart, Now
+may the kingdom return to the house of
+David :
+
+27 If this people go up to prepare sacrifices
+in the house of the Lord at Jerusalem, then
+may the heart of this people turn again unto
+their lord, even unto Rehobo'am the king of
+Judah, and they might kill me, and return to
+Rehobo'am the king of Judah.
+
+28 Whereupon the king took counsel, and
+he made two calves of gold, and said unto the
+people, You have been long enough going up
+to Jerusalem: behold, here are thy gods, 0
+Israel, which have brought thee up out of the
+land of Egypt.
+
+29 And he placed the one in Beth-el, and
+the other put he in Dan.
+
+30 And this thing became a sin ; and the
+people went before the one, as far as Dan.°
+
+31 And he made a house of the high-
+places, and made priests of the lowest* of the
+people, who were not of the sons of Levi.
+
+32 And Jerobo'am made a feast in the
+eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the
+
+' Lit. "conducting" or "making war."
+'■ /. e. He fortified it, and built probably a palace in
+it. — Redak.
+
+■= Tills is mentioned to the disgrace of the people, as
+40G
+
+
+month, like unto the feast that is in Judah,
+and he ofiered upon the altar; so did he in
+Beth-el, sacrificing unto the calves that he
+had made: and he stationed at Beth-el the
+priests of the high-places whom he had made.
+33 So he offered upon the altar which he
+had made in Beth-el on tlie fifteenth day of
+the eighth month, in the month which he
+had falsely devised of his own heart; and he
+ordained a feast unto the children of Israel,
+and he went up to the altai", to burn incense.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 T[ And, behold, there came a man of
+God out of Judah Ijy the word of the Lord
+unto Beth-el: while Jerobo'am was standing
+upon the altar to burn incense.
+
+2 And he called out against the altar by
+the word of the Lord, and he said, 0 altar,
+altar, thus hath said the Lord, Behold, a child
+shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah
+hy name, and he shall sacrifice upon thee the
+priests of the high-places that burn incense
+upon thee, and men's bones shall be burnt
+upon thee.
+
+3 And he gave on the same day a token,
+saying, This is the token that the Lord hath
+spoken, Behold, the altar shall be rent, and
+the ashes which are upon it shall be spilled
+about.
+
+4 And it came to pass, when the king
+heard the word of the man of God, which he
+had called out against tlie altar in Beth-el,
+that Jerobo'am stretched forth his hand from
+off the altar, saying. Seize him. And his h.and,
+which he had put forth against him, dried up,
+so that he could not draw it back to himself.
+
+5 The altar also was rent, and the ashes
+were spilled about from the altar, according
+to the token which the man of God had given
+by the word of the Lord.
+
+6 And the king connnenced and said unto
+the man of God, Offer but entreaty before the
+Lord thy God, and pray in behalf of me, that
+my hand may return to me again. And tlie
+man of God off'ered his entreaty before the
+Lord, and the king's hand returned to him
+again, and became as it was before.
+
+7 And the king spoke unto the man of
+
+they went to the end of the land to worship the idol, and
+would not go to Jerusalem, which was a great deal nearer.
+— RAl.BAr,.
+
+'' Mc.TxheiiiH'r, "all clast^es of the people."
+
+
+/
+
+
+1 KINGS XIII.
+
+
+(u)(i. Come hoinc witli mo, and take some
+refreshment, and I will give thee a present.
+
+8 But the man of God said unto the king,
+If thou wert to give me the half of thy house,
+I would not go in with thee, neither would I
+eat bread nor drink water in this place;
+
+9 For so was it charged me by the word
+of the LoKD, saying. Thou shalt not eat bread,
+nor drink water, nor return by the way that
+tiK)u camest.
+
+10 So he Avent by another way, and re-
+turned not by the way on which he was come
+to Beth-el.
+
+11 ^[ Now there dwelt a certain old pro-
+phet in Beth-el; and his son came and told
+him all the deed that the man of God had
+done that day in Beth-el: the words (also)
+which he had spoken unto the king, these
+too they told to their father.
+
+12 And their father spoke unto them.
+What way did he go? His sons however
+had seen what way had gone the man of God,
+who had come from Juihih.
+
+13 And he said unto his sons, Saddle me
+the ass. So they saddled him the ass, and
+he rode away thereon,
+
+14 And he went after the man of God,
+and found him sitting under the oak; and he
+said unto him, Art thou tlie man of God that
+camest from Judah ? And he said, I am.
+
+15 Then said he unto him, Come with me
+home, and eat bread.
+
+IG And he said, I cannot return with thee,
+nor go in with thee : neither will I eat bread
+nor drink water with thee in this place;
+
+17 For a command came to me ))y the
+word of the Lord, Thou shalt not eat bread
+nor drink water there; thou shalt not return
+to go by the way (also) by which thou camest.
+
+18 And he said unto him, I also am a pro-
+phet like thee; and an angel spoke unto me
+by the word of the Lord, saying. Bring him
+back with thee unto thy house, that he may
+eat bread and drink water. But he lied unto
+him.
+
+19 So he returned with him, and ate bread
+in his house, and drank water.
+
+20 And it came to pass, as they were sit-
+ting at the table,
+
+
+° Philippson translates, "belonging to the prophet who
+had brought him back."
+'' Ileb. "brokon "
+
+
+T[ That the word of the Lord came unto
+the prophet who had brought him back ;
+
+21 And he called unto the man of God
+that was come fi-om Judah, saying, Thus hath
+said the Lord, Forasmuch as thou hast dis-
+obeyed the order of the Lord, and hast not
+kept the commandment which the Lord thy
+God had connnanded thee ;
+
+22 But didst return, and hast eaten bread
+and drunk water in the place, of which he
+had spoken to thee, Thou shalt not eat bread,
+nor drink water: thy dead body shall not
+come unto the sepulchre of thy fathers.
+
+23 And it came to pass, after he had eaten
+bread, and after he had drunk, that he saddled
+for him the ass, (to wit,) for" the prophet
+whom he had brought back.
+
+24 And when he was gone, a lion met him
+on the way, and slew him: and his corpse
+remained cast down on the way, and the ass
+stood by it, the lion also stood by the corpse.
+
+25 And, behold, men passed by, and saw
+the corpse cast down on the way, and the
+lion standing by the corpse ; and they came
+and spoke of it in the city where the old pro-
+phet dwelt.
+
+20 And when the prophet that had brought
+him back from the way heard it, he said. It
+is the man of God who was disobedient unto
+the order of the Lord; wherefore the Lord
+hath given him up unto the lion, who hath
+torn* him, and slain him, according to the
+word of the Lord, which he had spoken unto
+him.
+
+27 And he spoke to his sons, saying. Sad-
+dle me the ass. And they saddled him.
+
+28 And he went and found his corpse cast
+down on the way, and the ass and the lion
+standing by the corpse: the lion had not
+eaten the corpse, nor torn the ass.
+
+29 And the prophet took up the corpse of
+the man of God, and laid it upon the ass, and
+brought it back ; and he came to the city of
+the old prophet, to lament for, and to biu-y
+him.
+
+30 And he laid his corpse in his own sepul-
+chre; and they lamented over him, "Alas,
+my brother!""
+
+31 And it came to pass, after he had buried
+
+
+° Probably the commencing words of a well-known la-
+ment, (see Jer. xxii. 18,) which, with all other Hebrew
+writings except the Bible, have been lost.
+
+407
+
+
+1 KINGS XIll. XIV.
+
+
+him, that he spoke to his sons, saying. When
+I am dead, then bury me in the sepulchre
+wherein the man of God is buried; beside his
+bones lay ye my bones ;
+
+32 For the thing which he called out by
+tlie word of the Lf)KD against the altar whicli
+is in J3eth-el, and against all the liouses of
+the high-places'' which are in the cities of Sa-
+maria,'' will surely come to pass.
+
+33 ^ After this event Jerobo'am returned
+not from his evil way; but made again of the
+lowest of the people priests of the high-places :
+whosoever desired it, he consecrated, that he
+might become one of the priests of the high-
+places.
+
+34 And he became through this tiling the
+cause of sin*" unto the house of Jerobo'am,
+and to cause that it was blotted out, and de-
+stroyed from off the face of the earth.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 *[[ At that time Abiyah the son of Jero-
+bo'am fell sick.
+
+2 And Jerobo'am said to his wife. Arise, I
+pray thee, and disguise thyself, that people
+may not know that thou art the wife of Jero-
+bo'am ; and go to Shiloh : behold, there is
+Achiyaliu the prophet, who spoke of me that
+(I should become) king over this peoi:)le.
+
+3 And take with thee'' ten loaves of bread
+and spice-cakes, and a cruise of honey, and go
+to him : he will tell thee what is to become
+of the lad.
+
+4 And Jerobo'am's wife did so, and arose,
+and went to Shiloh, and came to the house
+of Achiyahu. But Achiyahu was not able to
+see; for his eyes were set by reason of his
+high age.
+
+5 Tl And the Lord had said unto Achiyahu,
+'Behold the wife of Jerobo'am is coming to
+inquire a word of thee about lier son ; for he
+is sick : thus and thus shalt thou speak unto
+her; for it will be, when she cometh in, that
+she will feign to be another.
+
+G And it happened, Avhen Achiyahu heard
+the sound of her feet, as she came in at the
+door, that he said, Come in, thou wife of Je-
+
+" " High-places" is the general term for elevations where
+altars were erected, some using their roofs or courts for
+lliut purpo.se. (See Rashi on 1 Kings iii. 2.)
+
+'' (Jnrrcctly, Shomcroii.
+
+° Kodak, "punishment." (See Zech. xlv. 19.) Zunz,
+"guiltiness."
+-108
+
+
+robo'am ; why is this, that thou feignest to be
+another? but I am sent to tliee with a hard
+message.
+
+7 Go, say to Jerobo'am, Thus hath said tlie
+Lord the God of Israel, Forasmuch as I exalt-
+ed thee from the midst of the people, and
+made thee prince over my people Israel,
+
+8 And I rent the kingdom away from the
+house of David, and gave it unto thee;
+whereas thou hast not been like my servant
+David, who kept my commandments, and who
+followed after me with all his heart, to do
+only what is right in my eyes ;
+
+9 And thou hast done more evil than all
+that were before thee; and thou art gone
+and hast made unto thyself other gods, and
+molten images, to provoke me to anger, and
+me hast thou cast behind thy back :
+
+10 Therefore, behold, will 1 bring evil upon
+the house of Jerobo'am, and will cut off from
+Jerobo'am every male," (also) the guarded
+and fortified in Israel; and I will sweep out
+after the house of Jeroljo'am as one sweepeth
+away the dung till tliere be nothing left
+of h.
+
+11 Him that dieth of Jerobo'am in the
+city shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth in
+the field shall the fowls of the heavens eat;
+for the Lord hath spoken it.
+
+12 But thou, arise now, go to thy own
+house : when thy feet enter into the city, the
+child shall die.
+
+13 And all Israel shall mourn for him,
+and bury him; for this one alone shall come
+of Jerobo'am's (family) to the grave ; because
+there hath been found in him some good
+thing toward the Lord the God of Israel in
+the house of Jerobo'am.
+
+14 And the Lord will raise up unto him-
+self a king over Israel, who shall cut off the
+house of Jerobo'am what is here this day,
+and what will be after this.'
+
+15 And the Lord will smite Israel, as the
+reed is shaken in the water, and he will pull
+up Israel out of this good land, which he
+gave to their fathers, and will scatter them
+on the other side of the river; because they
+
+
+^ Heb, "in thy hand."
+
+' Others, " even a dog."
+
+' After Jonathan and llashi. Kimchi, " the house of
+Jerobo'am on the day he (that king) will arise; but
+what is even this evil now? for the IjOKL) will .'•mite/'
+&e.
+
+
+SAMSOM Pt;LLI>!C-. DOWN T H K l-'ILUAR« OK THE HOLISE.
+
+
+1 KINGS XV.
+
+
+they buried him in the city of David: and
+Assa his son became king in his stead.
+
+9 And in the twentieth year of Jerobo'am
+the king of Israel became Assa king over
+Judah.
+
+10 And forty and one years did he reign
+in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother"
+was Ma'achah, the daughter of Abishalom.
+
+11 And Assa did what is right in the eyes
+of the Lord, like David his lather.
+
+12 And he put away the sodomites out of
+the land, and removed all the idols which his
+fiithers had made.
+
+13 And also Ma'achah his mother, even
+her he removed from being queen; because
+she had made a scandalous image for the
+grove;'' and Assa cut down her scandalous
+image, and burnt it by the brook Kidron.
+
+14 But the high-places were not removed;
+nevertheless Assa's heart was entire with the
+Lord all his days.
+
+15 And he brought the things which his
+father had sanctified, and his own sanctified
+things," into the house of the Lord, silver,
+and gold, and vessels.
+
+IG And there was wMr between Assa and
+Ba'sha'' the king of Israel all their days.
+
+17 And Ba'sha the king of Israel went up
+against Judah, and built Ramah, in order not
+to suffer any one to go out or come in to Assa
+the king of Judah.
+
+18 Then did Assa take all the silver and
+the gold that were left in the treasures of the
+house of the Lord, and the treasures of the
+king's house, and gave them into the hand of
+his servants; and king Assa sent them to
+Ben-hadad, the son of Taln-inniion, the son
+of Chesyon, the king of Syria, who dwelt in
+Damascus, saying,
+
+19 A covenant is between me and thee,
+(as) between my father and thy fother: be-
+hold, I have sent unto thee a present of silver
+and gold; go and do l)r('ak thy covenant witli
+Ba'sha the liing of Israel, that he may with-
+draw from me.
+
+20 And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king
+Assa, and sent the captains of the armies
+wliich he had against the cities of Israel, and
+smote 'lyon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-ma'achah,
+
+* More correctly, " grandmother," as Ma'achah was
+Aliiyam's mother.
+
+" Fhilippson, "because she liad made a terrific image
+for Astartc." Arnhcim, "Asherah."
+410
+
+
+and the whole of Kinneroth, with all the land
+of Naphtali.
+
+21 And it came to pass, when Ba'sha heard
+this, that he left oft' the building of Ramah,
+and remained in Tirzah.
+
+22 Then king Assa called together by pro-
+clamation all Judah, none being exempted:
+and they took away tlie stones of Ramah, and
+its timber, wherewith Ba'sha had built; and
+king Assa built with them Geba' of Benjamin,
+and Mizpah.
+
+23 And the rest of all the acts of Assa,
+and all his mighty deeds, and all that he did,
+and the cities wliich he built, behold, they
+are written in the book of the chronicles of
+the kings of Judah. Nevertheless in the
+time of his old age he became diseased in his
+feet.
+
+24 And Assa slept with his fathers, and
+was buried with his fathers in the city of
+David his father: and Jehoshaphat his son
+became king in his stead.
+
+25 ^ And Nadab the son of Jerobo'am be-
+came king over Israel in the second year of
+Assa the king of Judah ; and he reigned over
+Israel two years.
+
+2G And he did what is evil in the eyes
+of the Lord, and he walked in the way of his
+father, and in his sin wherewith he had in-
+duced Israel to sin.
+
+27 And Ba'sha the son of Achiyah, of the
+house of Issachar, conspired against him ; and
+Ba'sha smote him at Gibbethon, which be-
+longed to the Philistines: while Nadab and
+all Israel were besieging Gibbethon.
+
+28 And Ba'sha slew him in the third year
+of Assa the king of Judah, and became king
+in his stead.
+
+29 And it came to pass, when he reigned,
+that he smote all the house of Jerobo'am; he
+left not any tluit breathed unto Jerobo'am,
+until he had destroyed him, according to the
+word of the Lord, which he had spolven by
+his servant Achiyah the Shilonite;
+
+30 Because of the sins of Jerobo'am which
+he had sinned, and through which he had in-
+duced Israel to sin, by his provoking where-
+with he provoked the Lord the God of Israel
+to anger.
+
+■■ After Jonathan ; but the Keri would require "and he
+brought in the things which his father had sanctified, and
+the (other) things sanctified /«/• the house of the Lord."
+
+' Uomniuuly WiiUen Jiaualia.
+
+
+1 KINGS XV. xvr.
+
+
+?.l Alul the rest of the acts of Nadab, and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in
+the l)ook of the chronicles of the kings of
+Israel.
+
+32 And there was war between Assa and
+Ba'sha the king of Israel all their days.
+
+33 ^ In the third year of Assa the king of
+Judah became Ba'sha tlie son of Achiyah
+king over all Israel, in Thirzah, (tor) twenty
+and four years.
+
+34 And he did what is evil in the eyes
+of the Lord, and walked in the way of Jero-
+bo'ani, and in his sin wherewith he had in-
+duced Israel to sin.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ^ Then came the word of the Lord to
+Jehu" the son of Ciianani against Ba'sha, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Forasnuicli as I lifted thee up out of the
+dust, and I set thee as prince over my people
+Israel; and thou hast walked in the way of
+Jerobo'am, and hast induced my people Israel
+to sin, to provoke me to anger with their
+sins:
+
+3 Behold, I will sweep out after Ba'sha,
+and after his house; and I will render thy
+house like the house of Jerobo'am the son of
+Nebat ;
+
+4 Ilira that dieth of Ba'sha in the city
+shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth of his
+in tlie field shall the fowls of the heavens eat.
+
+o And the rest of the acts of Ba'sha, and
+what he did, and his mighty deeds, behold,
+they are written in the Ijook of the chronicles
+of the kiniis of Israel.
+
+G And Ba'sha slept with his fathers, and
+was Ijuried in Thirzah: and Elah his son be-
+cajne king in his stead.
+
+7 And also by the hand of Jehu the son
+of Chanani, the prophet, came the word of the
+Lord against Ba'sha, and against -his house,
+botli for all the evil that he did in the eyes
+of the Lord, to provoke him to anger with
+the work of his hands, thus being like the
+house of Jerobo'am; and because he had kill-
+ed him.''
+
+8 T[ In the twenty and sixth year of Assa
+the king of Judah became Elah the son of
+
+' Correctly, Yeha. In general it may be observed, that
+all the Hebrew words commencing with ' rendered in the
+English version with J, should be pronounced with Y, as
+the other sound is not found in Hebrew.
+
+
+Ba'sha king over Israel in Thirzah, (for) two
+years.
+
+9 And there conspired against him his ser-
+vant Zimx-i, captain of half the chariots, as he
+was in Thirzah, drinking himself drunk in the
+house of Arza," wlio was set over the house in
+Thirzah.
+
+10 And Zimri went in and smote him, and
+killed him, in the twenty and seventh year
+of Assa the king of Judah, and became king
+in his stead.
+
+11 And it came to pass, when he began to
+reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, that he
+slew all the house of Ba'sha: he left him not
+a single male, neither of his kinsfolks, nor of
+his friends.
+
+12 Thus did Zimri exterminate all the
+house of Ba'sha, according to the word of the
+Lord, which he had spoken against Ba'sha by
+the agencv of Jehu the prophet,
+
+13 For all the sins of Ba'sha, and the sins
+of Elah his son, by which they had sinned,
+and by which they had induced Israel to sin,
+to provoke the Lord the God of Israel to an-
+ger with their vanities.
+
+14 Now the rest of the acts of Elah, and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in
+the book of the chronicles of the kings of
+Israel.
+
+15 T[ In the twenty and seventh year of
+Assa the king of Judah did Zimri reign seven
+days in Thirzah: and the people were en-
+camped against Gibbethon, which belonged to
+the Philistines.
+
+IG And when the people that were en-
+camped heard it said, Zimri hath conspired,
+and hath also slain the king: all Israel made
+'Omri, the captain of the army, king over Is-
+rael on that da\' in the camp.
+
+17 And 'Omri went up, and all Israel with
+him from Gibbethon, and they besieged Thir-
+zah.
+
+18 And it came to pass, when Zimri saw
+that the city was captured, that he went into
+the strong-hold of tlie king's house, and burnt
+the king's house over Wm with fire, and he
+died; ^
+
+19 For his sins which he had sinned, in
+doing what is evil in the eyes of the Lord,
+
+'' Only piety on the part of Ba'sha could excuse his
+killing Nadab and his family; hence his own sin made it
+a crime for which he deserved punishment.
+
+° Jonathan, "In the temple of his house-idol, Arza."
+
+411
+
+
+1 KINGS XVI. XVIi.
+
+
+to walk in the way of Jerobo'am, and in his
+sin which he did, to induce Israel to sin.
+
+20 And the rest of the acts of Zimri, and
+his conspiracy that he contrived, behold, they
+are wiitten in the book of the chronicles of
+the kings of Israel.
+
+21 Tl At that time were the people of Is-
+rael divided into two parts : one half of the
+people followed Tliibni the son of Ginath, to
+make him king; and the other half followed
+'Omri.
+
+22 But the people that followed 'Omri pre-
+vailed against the people that followed Tliibni
+the son of Ginath: and Thibni (also) died,
+and 'Omri became king.
+
+2.3 In the thirty and first year of Assa the
+king of Judah became 'Omri king over Is-
+rael, (for) twelve years; in Thirzah he reigned
+six years.
+
+24 And he bought the mount Samaria, of
+Sliemer for two talents of silver, and built on
+the mount, and called the name of the city
+which he had built, after the name of Shemer,
+the lord of the mount, Samaria.
+
+25 And 'Omri did what is evil in the eyes
+of the Lord, and did worse than all that were
+before him.
+
+26 And he walked in all the way of Jero-
+bo'am the son of Nebat, and in his sin where-
+with he induced Israel to sin, to provoke the
+Lord God of Israel to anger with their vani-
+ties.
+
+27 Now the rest of the acts of 'Omri which
+he did, and his mighty deeds that he displa}'-
+ed, beliold, they are written in the book of
+the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+28 And 'Onn-i slept with his fathers, and
+was buried in Samaria: and Achab" his son
+became king in his stead.
+
+29 Tl And Achab the son of 'Omri became
+king over Israel in the thirty and eighth year
+of Assa the king of Judah ; and Achab the
+son of 'Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria
+twenty and two years.
+
+30 And Achab the son of 'Omri did wliat
+is evil in the eyes of the Lord more than
+all that had been before him.
+
+31 And it came to pass, as if it had been
+
+• Pronounce Ach-ahb. Eng. ver. Ahab.
+
+' Sec Josh. vi. 26.
+
+° Correctly, EUyah, or Elii/ahu. Tishbi is supposed
+to have been a town in (xalilee, in Naplitali, and that
+Elijah was an inhabitant (itMiiTud, in Mcua.sscli.
+il2
+
+
+too light a thing for him to walk in the sin."?
+of Jerobo'am the son of Neljat, that he took
+for wife Izebel the daughter of Ethba'al the
+king of the Zidonians, and went and served
+Ba'al, and worshipped him.
+
+32 And he erected an altar for Ba'al in
+the house of Ba'al, which he had built in
+Samaria.
+
+33 And Achab made a grove; and Achab
+did j^et more, so as to provoke the Lord the
+God of Israel to anger, than all the kings of
+Israel that had been before him.
+
+34 In his days did Chiel the Beth-elite
+build Jericho : with Abirani his first-born laid
+he the foundation thereof, and with Segub
+his youngest son set he up the gates thereof,"^'
+according to the word of the Lord, which he
+had sjDoken by means of Joshua the son of Nun.
+
+CHAPTER XVIL
+
+1 ^ Then said Elijah" the Tishbite, who was
+of the inhabitants of Gil'ad, unto Achab, As
+the Lord the God of Israel liveth, before
+Avhom I have stood, there shall not be in
+these years dew or rain, except according to
+my word.*
+
+2 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+him, saying,
+
+3 Go away from here, and turn thyself
+eastward, and hide thyself by the brook Ke-
+rith, which is to the east of the Jordan.
+
+4 And it shall be, that out of the brook
+shalt thou drink; and the ravens'" have I or-
+dained to sustain thee there.
+
+5 And he went and did according to the
+word of the Lord ; and he went and remained
+by the brook Kerith, that is to the east of the
+Jordan.
+
+G And the ravens brought him bread and
+flesh in the morning, and bread and flesh in
+the evening: and out of the brook he used to
+drink.
+
+7 And it came to pass after a while,^ that
+the brook dried up; because there had been
+no rain in the laud.
+
+8 ^[ And the word of the Lord came unto
+him, saying,
+
+9 Arise, go unto Zarepliath, which belong-
+
+^ Pbilippson, "unless I first announce it;" /. e. by the
+word of the Lord.
+
+' Some suppose that it should be translated, Arabs, or
+" men from 'Oreb."
+
+' Philippson, " at the end of a year."
+
+
+1 KINGS XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+etli to Ziduii, and remain there: behold, I
+have ordained there a widow-woman to sus-
+tain thee.
+
+10 So he arose and went to Zarephath;
+and when he came to the gate of the city, be-
+hold, there was there a widow-woman gather-
+ing sticks of wood : and he called her, and
+said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little water in
+a vessel, that I may drink.
+
+11 And as she went to fetch it, he called
+to lier, and said. Bring me, I pray thee, a
+morsel of bread in thy hand.
+
+12 And she said, As the Lord thy God
+liveth, I have nothing baked, but a handful
+of meal in a jar, and a little oil in a cruise :
+and, behold, I am gathering a couple of sticks,
+that I may go in and prepare it for me and
+my son; and when we have eaten it, we shall
+have to die."
+
+13 And Elijah said unto her, Fear not; go
+and do as thou hast said; but make me there-
+of a little cake at first, and bring it out unto
+me, and for thee and for thy son shalt thou
+prepare (something) afterward.
+
+14 For thus hath said the Lord the God of
+Israel, The jar of meal shall not fail, neither
+shall the cruise of oil diminish, until the day
+that the Lord giveth rain upon the face of the
+earth.
+
+15 And she went and did according to the
+word of Elijah: and she, and he, and her
+household, did eat (many) days.**
+
+16 The jar of meal failed not, nor did the
+cruise of oil diminish, according to the word
+of the Lord, which he had spoken through
+means of Elijah.
+
+17 ][ And it came to pass after these
+events, that the son of the woman, the mis-
+tress of the house, fell sick ; and his sickness
+became very severe, until that at length
+there was no breath left in him.
+
+18 And she said unto Elijah, What have I
+to do with thee, 0 man of God? thou art
+come unto me to call my sin to remembrance,
+and to slay my son !
+
+19 And he said unto her. Give me thy son.
+And he took him out of her bosom, and
+carried him up into the upper chamber, in
+which he abode, and he laid him upon his
+own bed.
+
+
+i. e. Of starvation.
+Or, "a full year."
+
+
+20 And he called unto the Lord, and said,
+0 Lord my God, hast thou also brought evil
+upon the widow Avith whom I sojourn, by
+slaying her son?
+
+21 And he stretched himself out over the
+child three times, and called unto the Lord,
+and said, 0 Lord my Ciod, let, 1 pray thee,
+the soul of this child return again within
+him.
+
+22 And the Lord listened to the voice of
+Elijah: and the soul of the child returned
+into him, and he revived.
+
+23 And Elijah took the child, and brought
+him down out of the upper chamber into the
+house, and gave him unto his mother; and
+Elijah said. See, thy son liveth.
+
+24 And the woman said to Elijah, Now by
+this do I know, that thou art a man of God,
+and the word of the Lord in thy moutli is truth.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 ]| And it lasted many days, when the
+word of the Lord came to Elijah in the third
+year, saying, Go, show thyself unto Achab ;
+and I will give rain upon the face of the
+earth.
+
+2 And Elijah went to show himself unto
+Achab; and the famine was grievous in Sa-
+maria.
+
+3 And Achab called 'Obadiah," who was
+the superintendent of the house ; — (now 'Oba-
+diah feared the Lord greatly;
+
+4 And it happened, when Izebel cut off the
+prophets of the Lord, that 'Obadiah took a
+hundred prophets, and hid them fifty each in
+one cave, and provided them with bread and
+water;)
+
+5 And Achab said unto 'Obadiah, Go
+through the land, unto all the springs of
+water, and unto all the brooks; peradventure
+we may find grass and keep alive horse and
+mule, that we lose not all the cattle.
+
+6 So they divided between them the laud
+to pass through it : Achab went one way by
+himself alone, and 'Obadiah went another way
+by himself alone.
+
+7 And as 'Obadiah was on the way, behold,
+Elijah came toward him; and he recognised
+him, and fell on his face, and said, Art thou
+here indeed, my lord Elijah?
+
+
+Correctly, 'Obcuh/ah, or ' OUn'i/a
+
+
+lui.
+413
+
+
+1 KINGS XVIII.
+
+
+8 And he said unto him, I am: go, say
+unto thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.
+
+9 And he said, What have I sinned, that
+thou wouldst deliver thy servant into the
+hand of Achab, to slay me ?
+
+10 As the Lord thy God liveth, there is
+not a nation or kingdom whither my lord
+hath not sent to seek thee ; and when they
+said, He is not here: he caused that kingdom
+and nation to take an oath, that no one could
+find thee.
+
+11 And now thou sayest, Go, say unto thy
+lord. Behold, here is Elijah.
+
+12 And it may come to pass, that,Avhen I
+go from thee, the spirit" of the Lokd may
+carry thee whither I know not; and when I
+come to inform Achab, and he cannot find
+thee, he will slay me; but I thy servant have
+feared the Lord from my youth-
+
+13 Hath it not been told unto my lord
+what I did when Izebel slew the prophets of
+the Lord, how I hid a hundred men of the
+prophets of the Lord, fifty each in one cave,
+and provided them with bread and Avater?
+
+14 And now thou sayest. Go say to thy lord.
+Behold, Elijah is here: and he will slay me.
+
+15 Then said Elijah, As the Lord of hosts
+liveth, before whom I have stood, surely'' to-
+day will I show myself unto him.
+
+16 So 'Obadiah went to meet Achab, and
+he told it to him ; and Achab went to meet
+EHjah.
+
+17 And it came to pass, when Achab saw
+Elijah, that Achab said unto him. Art thou
+he that troul:)leth' Israel ?
+
+18 And he answered, I have not troubled
+Israel; but thou, and thy father's house,
+through your forsaking the commandments
+of the Lord, and because thou hast followed
+the Be'alim.
+
+19 And now send, assemble unto me all ij
+Israel at Mount Carmel, and the prophets of
+Ba'al four hundred and fifty, and the prophets
+of the grove' four hundred, who eat at the
+table of Izebel.
+
+' " Wind of the Lord." — Moses Friedlander.
+
+'' o in this connection is to be taken as a strong affirma-
+tion : "surely," "without doubt."
+
+° "JJringcr of destruction to Israel." — Arnhei.m. It
+must bo understood that the country was suffering from
+the want of rain, which Achab ascribed to the interference
+of Elijah, (see above, xvii. 1 ;) but the prophet properly
+laid the fault upon the king and his family, who through
+their sins had caused the heavens to be shut uji that there
+414
+
+
+20 And Achab sent round among all the
+children of Israel, and he assemljlcd the pro-
+phets at Mount Carmel.
+
+21 And Elijah approached unto all the
+people, and said, How long halt ye Isetween
+the two opinions? if the Lord be the God,
+follow him; and if Ba'al — follow him. And
+the people answered him not a word.
+
+22 And Elijah said unto the people, I have
+been left a prophet of the Lord by myself
+alone; but the prophets of Ba'al are four
+hundred and fifty men.
+
+23 Thei'efore let there be given unto us
+two bullocks; and let them choose for them-
+selves the one liullock, and cut it in pieces,
+and lay it on wood, and put no fire to it: and
+I will prepare the other bullock, and lay it on
+wood, and put no fire to it.
+
+24 And do ye call on the name of your god,°
+and I will call on the name of the Lord: and
+it shall be that the God who answereth by
+fire, he shall be the (true) God. And all the
+people answered and said, The proposal is good.
+
+25 And Elijah said unto the prophets of
+Ba'al, Choose you for yourselves the one l)ul-
+lock, and prepare it first ; for ye are the many ;
+and call on the name of your god, but put no
+fire to it.
+
+26 And they took the IjuUock which he
+had given to them, and they prepared it; and
+they called on the name of Ba'al from morn-
+ing even until noon, saying, 0 Ba'al, answer
+us; but thei'e was no voice, nor any answer:
+and they danced about the altar which had
+been made.
+
+27 And it came to pass at noon, tliat Elijah
+mocked at them, and said, Call with a loud
+voice; for he is a god; either he is holding
+council,' or he is busy in some pursuit,*'' or he
+is on a journey; or peradventure he sleepeth,
+and may thus awaken.
+
+28 And they called with a loud voice and
+cut themselves after their custom with knives
+and spears,'' till the Ijlood gushed out over
+them.
+
+was no rain; they, therefore, not he, had brought the de-
+struction on Israel.
+
+'' More correctly, "Asherah," the name of an idol;
+"Astarte," in Philippson.
+
+° Others, "gods."
+
+' Rashi. Others, "he is hist in thought."
+
+^Philippson, "stepped aside." Aruheini, "engaged in
+business."
+
+'' I'hig. ver. "lancets." Lit. with swurd.s and spears.
+
+
+1 KTNCS XVllI. XIX.
+
+
+29 And it came to pu^^s, wlu'ii niiililay
+was past, that they practised their follies
+until near (the time of) the offering of the
+evening-saerifiee; ])ut there was neither voice,
+nor any answer, nor any perceptible sound.
+
+30 And Elijah said unto all the people,
+("ome near unto nie: and all the people came
+near unto him; and he repaired the altar of
+the LoiiD that had been torn down.
+
+31 And Pjlijah took twelve stones, accord-
+ino" to the number of the tribes of the sons of
+Jacol), unto whom the word of the Lord was
+come, saying, Israel shall be thy name.
+
+32 And he built of the stones an altar in
+the name of the Lord; and he made a trench
+as great as would contain two seiihs of seed"
+round about the altar.
+
+33 And he put in order the wood, and cut
+the bullock in pieces, and laid them on the
+wood,
+
+34 And he said. Fill four jars with water;
+and they had to pour it on the burnt-offering,
+and on the wood;'' and he said, Do it the
+second time ; and they did it the second time ;
+and he said. Do it the third time; and they
+did it the third time.
+
+35 And the water ran round about the
+altar; and the trench also he filled with
+water.
+
+36 And it came to pass, at (the time of)
+the oflering of the evening-sacrifice, that
+Elijah the prophet came near, and said, 0
+TjORD, God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of
+Israel, this da}' let it be known that thou art
+God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and
+that at thy word I ha^-e done all these
+things.
+
+37 Answer me, 0 Lord, answer me, and
+let all this people know that thou, 0 Lord,
+art the (true) God, and thou wilt (then) have
+turned their heart back again."
+
+38 And there fell a fire of the Lord, and
+consumed the burnt-ofiering, and the wood,
+and the stones, and the dust; and the wa-
+
+° /. e. Covering a space in which two seiihs (a certain
+measure) could be sown.
+
+'' Here commences verse 34 in the English version.
+
+" This is acoordiug to Arnheim's version, after Sa'adyah
+Gaon : others, and among them, llambam, give, " that
+through thy permission their heart was hitherto turned
+backward." The former version, however, is more in
+concert with what precedes and follows. Elijah had re-
+presented to the people the folly of their indecision; and
+proposed thereupon the test of tire as a mark of the divi-
+
+
+ter also that was in the trench did it lick
+up.
+
+39 And when all the ])eople saw this, thev
+fell on their iaces; and the}- said, the Lord —
+he is the God ; the Lord — he is the God.
+
+40 And Elijah said unto them. Seize the
+prophets of Ba'al; not one of them must
+escape; and they seized them: and Elijah
+brought them down to the brook Kishon, and
+slaughtered them there.
+
+41 And Elijah said mito Achab, Go up,''
+eat and drink ; for there is a sound of al)un-
+dance of rain.''
+
+42 So Achab went up to eat and to drink.
+And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel;
+and he cast' liimself down toward the earth,
+and put his face between his knees;
+
+43 And he said to his servant, Go up, I
+pray thee, look in the direction of the sea.
+And he went up, and looked, and said, Not
+the least (is visible). And he said, Go again,
+seven times.
+
+44 And it came to pass at the seventh time,
+that he said, Behold, there is a little cloud
+like a man's hand arising out of the sea.
+And he said. Go up, say unto Achab, Harness
+up (thy chariot), and come down, that the
+rain may not detain thee.
+
+45 And it came to jJass in the mean while,
+that the heavens were blackened with clouds
+and wind, and there w'as a great rain. And
+Achab rode, and went to Yizre'el.
+
+46 And the inspiration*^ of the Lord came
+over Elijah, and he girded up his loins ;
+and he ran l)eibre Achab up to the entrance
+of Yizre'el.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 \ And Achab told Izebel all that Elijan
+had done, and withal that he had slain a!!
+the prophets with the sword.
+
+2 Then sent Izebel a messenger unto Elijah,
+saying, So may the gods do to me, and may
+they thus continue, if about this time to-mor-
+
+nity in either god. He therefore prays, after the vanity
+of Ba'al had been exhibited, that the Lord would answer
+him with lire, through which means the people would be-
+come converted. And .so it was. Nevertheless, the usual
+version can be defended, as meaning that their man)
+sins had hitlierto prevouted their repentance.
+
+1 '' )'. e. Away from Kishon.
+
+i ° Arnheim, " for there i.s a sound of the uoi,se of
+
+I rain."
+
+' To ra-av for raiu. — ILvsiU. ' Literallv, -'hiiiid."
+
+
+1 KINGS XIX.
+
+
+row I do not render thy life as the life of any
+one of them.
+
+3 And when he saw this, he arose, and
+went for his life, and came to Beer-sheba',
+which belongeth to Judah, and he left his
+young man there.
+
+4 But he himself went forward into the
+wilderness a day's journey, and he came and
+sat down under a certain broom-bush :" and he
+requested for himself to die ; and he said. It is
+enough, now, 0 Lord, take away my soul;
+for I am not better than my fathers.
+
+5 And he laid himself down and slept un-
+der a certain broom-bush, and, behold then,
+an angel was touching him, and said unto
+him, Arise, eat.
+
+6 And he looked about, and, behold, there
+was at his head a cake baked on coals,*" and
+a cruise of water ; and he ate and drank, and
+laid himself down again.
+
+7 And the angel of the L(3RD came again,
+the second time, and touched him, and said.
+Arise, eat; because the journey is yet far for
+thee.
+
+8 And he arose, and ate and drank; and
+he went on the strength of that eating forty
+days and forty nights unto the mount of God,
+Horeb.
+
+9 And he came there unto a cave, and re-
+mained there over night: and, behold, the
+word of the Lord came to him, and said unto
+him, What dost thou here, Elijah?
+
+10 And he said, I have been very zealous
+for the Lord, the God of hosts ; for the chil-
+dren of Israel have forsaken thy covenant,
+thy altars have they thrown down, and thy
+prophets have they slain with the sword: and
+I am left liy myself alone, and they have
+sought my life, to take it away.
+
+11 And he said. Go forth, and stand upon
+the mount before the Lord : and, behold, the
+Lord passed by, and a wind, great and strong,
+rending the mountains, and breaking in pieces
+the rocks (went) before the Lord; but not in
+the wind was the Lord; and after the wind
+was an earthquake; but not in the earth-
+quake was the Lord;
+
+12 And after the earthquake was a fire;
+
+* Generally rendered "juniper-tree;" but according to
+R. .Toseph Schwarz in his Geography, (p. 309,) the broom
+(I'lania Genistd, (leiiiatu liaekm) grow.s plentifully
+in the desert, to the height of ahout eight feet, but no
+jiiniprr.
+
+'■ "On hot stones." — J'iiilu'Pson.
+41 e
+
+
+but not in the fire was the Lord; and after
+the fire was the sound of a soft whisper."
+
+13 And it came to pass, when Elijah heard
+it, that he concealed his face in his mantle,
+and went out, and stood in the entrance of
+the cave: and, behold, there came a voice
+unto him, and said, What dost thou here,
+Elijah ?
+
+14 And he said, I have been very zealous
+for the Lord, the God of hosts; because the
+children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant,
+thy altars have they thrown down, and thy
+prophets have they slain with the sword: and
+I am left by myself alone, and they have
+sought my life, to take it away.
+
+15 ^ And the Lord said unto him. Go, re-
+turn on thy way to the wilderness of Damas-
+cus; and go, anoint Chazael to be king over
+Syria;
+
+16 And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou
+anoint to be king over Israel ; and Elisha' the
+son of Shaphat of Abel-mecholah shalt thou
+anoint to be prophet in thy stead.
+
+17 And it shall come to pass, that him
+that escapeth the sword of Chazael shall Jehu
+slay; and him that escapeth the sword of
+Jehu shall Elisha' slay.
+
+18 And I will leave in Israel seven thou-
+sand, all the knees which have not been bent
+unto Ba'al, and every mouth which hath not
+kissed him.
+
+19 And he departed thence, and found
+Elisha' the son of Shaphat, who was plough-
+ing; twelve yoke of oxen were before him,
+and he w-as with the twelfth: and Elijah
+passed up to him, and cast his mantle toward
+him."
+
+20 And he left the oxen, and ran after
+Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss
+but my father and my mother, and I will
+(then) follow thee : and he said unto him. Go,
+return ; for what have I done to thee ?
+
+21 And he returned back from him, and
+took a yoke of oxen, and slew them, and with
+the instruments of the oxen he boiled the flesh"
+for them, and he gave it unto the people, and
+they did eat; and then he arose, and went
+after Elijah, and ministered unto him.
+
+
+° " A sound composed of sound and silence." — Ralbao.
+Eng. ver., "A still small voice." Philippson, and others,
+"Ein sanftes Siiuseln," or delicate whispering, as that
+produced by wind in the trees.
+
+'' !. e. As a sign of appointing him prophet.
+
+■• i'lashi, "he boiled their flesh."
+
+
+1 KINGS XX.
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 T[ And Ben-liadad the king of Syria
+assembled all his host together: and thirty
+and two kings were with him, and horses,
+and chariots; and he went up and besieged
+Samaria, and made ^\■ar against it.
+
+2 And he sent messengers to Ac.liab the
+king of Israel into the city;
+
+3 And he said unto him, Thus hath said
+Ben-hadad," Thy silver and thy gold are
+mine; thy wives also and thy children, even
+the best, are mine.
+
+4 And the king of Israel answered and
+said, According to thy word, my lord, 0 king,
+thine am I, and all that I have.
+
+5 And the messengers returned, and said.
+Thus hath said Ben-hadad, to say. (to thee),
+I have indeed sent unto thee, saying. Thou
+shalt give unto me thy silver, and thy gold,
+and thy wives, and thy children;''
+
+6 Nevertheless, about this time to-morrt)w
+will I send my servants unto thee, and they
+shall search through thy house, and the
+houses of thy servants; -and it shall be, that
+whatsoever is pleasant in thy 'd'yes, they shall
+place it in their hand, and take it away.
+
+7 Then did the king of Israel call for all
+the elders of the land, and said, Mark, I pray
+you, and see that this man seeketh mischief;
+"for he hath sent unto me for my wives, and
+lor my children, and for my silver, and for
+my gold, and I have not refused them to him.
+
+8 And all the elders and all the people
+said unto him. Thou must not hearken, nor
+consent.
+
+9 Wherefore he said unto the messengers
+of Ben-hadad, Say to my lord the king, All that
+thou didst send for to thy servant at the first
+will I do; Ijut this thing I am not able to do.
+And the messengers went away, and brought
+him word again.
+
+10 And Ben-hadad then sent unto him,
+and said. May the gods do so unto me, and
+continue to do so, if the dust of Samaria shall
+suffice for handfuls'' for all the people that
+are in my train.
+
+
+" At this word ends in the English version verso 2.
+
+'' Moaning, tliat it should not be a more nominal sub-
+mission, or a ransom for the retention of the property and
+families; but a complete surrender, so that Beu-hadaJ
+should bo empowered to ransack all and take all.
+
+" Rashi and Jonathan, "for the steps;" moaning, the
+3C
+
+
+11 And the king of Israel answered and
+said. Speak, Let him that girdeth on the
+armour not boast himself as he that putteth
+it of!'.
+
+12 And it came to pass, when he heard
+this message, as he was drinking, he and the
+kings in the pa\'ilions, that he said unto his
+servants. Get ready for the attack.'' And they
+got ready for the attack against the city.
+
+13 And, ])ehold, there approached a certain
+prophet unto Achab the king of Israel, and
+said. Thus hath said the Lord, Hast thou seen
+all this great multitude? behold, I will deliver
+it into thy hand this day; and tliou shalt
+know that I am the Lord.
+
+14 And Achab said, By whom? And he
+said, Thus hath said the Lord, By means of
+the young men" of the princes of the provinces.
+Then said he, Who shall order the battle ?f
+And he said, Thou.
+
+15 He then numbered the young men of
+the princes of the provinces, and they we)-e
+two hundred and thirty-two: and after them
+he numbered all the people, all the children
+of Israel, seven thousand strong.
+
+16 And they went out at midday; while
+Ben-hadad was drinking himself drunk in the
+pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty and
+two kings that helped him.
+
+17 And the young men of the princes of
+the provinces went out at first; and Ben-
+hadad sent out, and they told him, saying.
+Some men are come out of Samaria.
+
+18' And he said. If they be come out for
+peace, catch them alive; and if they be come
+out for war, alive must ye catch them.
+
+19 So these, the young men of the princes
+of the provinces, came out of the city, with
+the army which followed them.
+
+20 And they slew every one his man; and
+the Syrians tied, and Israel pursued them :
+and Ben-hadad the king of Syria escaped on
+a horse with the horsemen.
+
+21 And the king of Israel Avent out. and
+smote the horses and chariots, and inflicted
+on the Syrians a great defeat.
+
+22 And the prophet approached unto the
+
+dust that adheres to the shoes in walking; so numerous
+should the enemy be.
+
+'' Rashi, "Place the besieging engines forward."
+
+" (Others, " the sons of," &c.
+
+' Rashi, "order to command." Zunz, "comraencej"
+so also, "join the battle.''
+
+417
+
+
+1 KINGS XX.
+
+
+king uf Israel, and said unto him, Go, strength-
+en thyself, and mark, and see what thou hast
+to do; for at the return of the year the king
+of Syria will come up against thee.
+
+23 ][ And the servants of the king of Syria
+said unto him, Gods of the mountains are
+their gods ; therefore they prevailed over us ;
+but let us fight against them in the plain,
+(and see) whether we shall not prevail over
+them.
+
+24 But do this thing. Remove the kings,
+every one from his place, and appoint gover-
+nors in their rooms;
+
+25 And thou, number for thyself an army,
+like the army that thou hast lost, horse for
+horse, and chariot for chariot: and we will
+fight against them in the plain, (and see)
+whether we shall prevail over them. And
+he hearkened unto their voice, and did so.
+
+26 ^ And it came to pass at the return of
+the year, that Ben-hadad numbered the Sy-
+rians, and went up to Aphek, to the war
+with Israel.
+
+27 And the children of Israel were num-
+bered, and provisioned, and went (out) against
+them: and the cliildren of Israel encamped
+opposite to them like two little flocks of goats ;
+but the Syrians filled the country.
+
+28 And there approached the man of God,
+and spoke unto the king of Israel, and said.
+Thus hath said the Lord, Forasmuch as
+the Syrians have said, "A God of the hills is
+the Lord, but he is not God of the valleys:"
+will I deliver all this great multitude into
+thy hand; and ye shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+29 And they encamped one opposite the
+other for seven days. And it happened, that
+on the seventh day the battle took place : and
+the children of Israel smote of the Syrians a
+hundred thousand men on foot in one day.
+
+;;0 But those that were left fled to Apliek,
+into the city; but the city-wall* fell upon the
+twenty and seven thousand men that had
+been left. And Ben-hadad fled, and came into
+the city, into an innermost'' chanil)er.
+
+31 And his servants said unto him, Behold
+
+
+' I'hilippson supposes that the w.iU foil, as the city was
+taken by assault.
+
+'' Heb. "into a chanilici- within a chamber."
+" llashi. Arnheini, "ami the men watched and hast-
+ened tn assure them, whether he spoke of him," /. e. Ben-
+hadad
+
+118
+
+
+now, we have heard that the kings of the
+house of Israel are kindly kings: let us, we
+pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and
+ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king
+of Israel ; persidventure he may save thy life.
+
+32 So they girded sackcloth on their loins,
+and ropes on their heads, and came to the
+king of Israel, and said. Thy servant Ben-
+hadad hath said. I pray thee, let me live.
+And he said, Is he yet alive? he is nw bro-
+ther.
+
+33 Now the men took it for a good sign,
+and hastened and caught at his word, whetlier
+it was his earnest f and they said. Thy bro-
+ther Ben-hadad! But he said, Go ye, bring
+him. Then came Ben-hadad forth to him;
+and he caused him to come up into the cha-
+riot.
+
+34 And he* said unto him, The cities,
+which my fother took from thy father, will I
+restore; and thou canst lay out for thyself
+streets in Damascus, as my flither laid out in
+Samaria. "And" I for my part will send
+thee away with this covenant." So he made
+a covenant with him,* and sent him away.
+
+35 ^ And a certain man of the sons of the
+projahets said unto his companion, By*^ the
+word of the Lord, smite me, I pray thee.
+But the man refused to smite him.
+
+36 Then said he unto him. Forasmuch as
+thou hast not obeyed the voice of the Lord,
+behold, when thou goest away from me, a
+lion"^ shall slay thee. And he went away
+from him, when a lion found him, and slew
+him.
+
+37 Then he met with another man, and
+said, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man
+smote him, smiting and wounding (him).
+
+38 And the prophet then went, and placed
+himself before the king on the way, and dis-
+guised himself w' ith a bandage over his eyes.
+
+39 And as the king passed by, he cried
+unto the king, and said. Thy servant Avent out
+into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a
+man turned aside, and brought unto me a man,
+and said. Guard this man; if l)y any means
+he be missing, then shall tliy life be (forfeit)
+
+
+" Ben-hadad. = Words of Achab.
+
+' Rashi and Arnheim so divide the verse. Others,
+" said to his companion by the word of the Lord, Smite
+me," &c.
+
+8 Disobedience to prophets, is punishable sin. (Deut.
+xviii. ly.)
+
+
+1 KINGS XX. XXI.
+
+
+for his lite, or else thou shalt weigh lue down
+a talent of silver.
+
+40 But it happened as th}- servant was
+busy here and there, that he was gone. And
+the king of Israel said unto him, So is thy
+sentence: tliou thyself hast decided it.
+
+4 1 And he hastened, and removed the band-
+age from his eyes; and the king of Israel re-
+cognised him that he was one of the prophets.
+
+42 And he said unto him, Thus hath said
+the Lord, Because thou hast let go out of thy
+hand the man whom I had caught in my net."
+therefore shall thy life bo the forfeit for his
+life, and thy people for his people.
+
+43 And the king of Israel went to his
+house low-sj^irited and displeased, and he came
+to Samaria.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass after these events,
+that Naboth the Yizre'elite had a vineyard,
+which was in Yizre'el, near the palace of
+Achab the king of Samaria.
+
+2 And Achab spoke unto Naboth, saying.
+Give me thy vineyard, that it may serve me
+for an herb-garden, because it is near unto
+my house; and I will give thee in its stead a
+vineyard better than it ; (or,) if it seem good
+in thy eyes, I wall give thee the money, the
+value of the same.
+
+3 And Naboth said to Achab, Far be it
+from me before the Lord, that I should give
+the inheritance of my fathers unto thee.
+
+4 And Achab came into his house low-
+spirited and displeased because of the word
+Avhich Naboth the Yizre'elite had spoken to
+him, when he said, I will not give unto thee
+the inheritance of my fathers. And he laid
+himself dt)wn upon his bed, and turned away
+his face, and woidd eat no food.
+
+5 But Izeljel his wife came to him, and
+spoke unto him. Why is thy spirit so sad?
+and why eatest thou no food?
+
+6 And he said unto her. Because I spoke
+vmto Naboth the Yizre'elite, and said unto
+him. Give me thy vineyard for money; or
+else, if it plea.se thee, I will give thee a vine-
+yard in its stead ; but he hath said, I will not
+give unto thee my vineyard.
+
+7 Then said unto him Izebel his wife,
+
+
+" Kcdnk, after iMidrasli. Jnnathan, "who deserved to
+die." Aniheiii), "the man iu luy net."
+
+
+Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Is-
+rael?'' arise, eat bread, and let thy heart be
+merry: I will myself give thee the vine-
+yard of Naboth the Yizre'elite.
+
+8 So she wrote letters in Achab's name,
+and sealed them with his seal ; and she sent
+the letters unto the elders and unto the nobles
+who were in his city, and who dwelt near
+Naboth.
+
+9 And she wrote in the letters, saying.
+Proclaim a fast, and cause Naboth to sit at
+the head of the people;
+
+10 And seat two men, worthless fellows,
+opposite to him, and let them bear witness
+against him, saying. Thou hast blasphemed
+God and the king: and then lead him forth,
+and stone him, that he may die.
+
+11 And the men of his city, the elders and
+the nobles, those who dwelt in his city, djd
+as Izebel had sent unto them, as was written
+in the letters which she had sent unto them.
+
+12 They proclaimed a fast, and caused
+Nalwth to sit at the head of the people.
+
+13 And there came in two men, worthless
+fellows, and seated themselves opposite to
+him; and these worthless men testified against
+him, against Naboth, in the presence of the
+peoi)le, saying, Naboth hath blasphemed God
+and the king. Then they led him forth out
+of the city, and stoned him with stones, that
+he died.
+
+14 And they sent to Izebel, saying, Naboth
+hath been stoned, and is dead.
+
+15 And it came to pass, when Izebel heard
+that Naboth had lioen stoned, and was dead,
+that Izebel said to Achab, Arise, take posses-
+sion of the vineyai'd of Naboth the Yizre'elite,
+which he refust'd to give thee for money; for
+Naboth is not alive, but dead.
+
+16 And it came to pass, when Achab heard
+that Naboth was dead, that Achab rose up ic
+go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Yiz-
+re'elite, to take possession of it.
+
+17 T] And the word of the Lord came to
+Elijah the Tishbite, saying,
+
+18 Arise, go down to meet Achab the king
+of Israel, who is in Samaria: behold, he is in
+the vineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone
+down to take possession of it.
+
+19 And thou shalt speak unto him, saying.
+
+
+'' "Thiiu art yet in jm.sse.'^sion of the royal power over
+Israel." — Arnhei.M.
+
+419
+
+
+1 KINGS XXI. XXII.
+
+
+Thus hath said the Lord, Hast thou murdered,
+and also taken possession? And thou shalt
+speak unto him, saying, Thus hath said the
+Lord, In the place" where the dogs licked the
+blood of Naboth shall the dogs lick thy blood,
+yes, thine also.
+
+20 And Achab said to Elijah, Hast thou
+iound me, 0 my enemy? And he answered,
+I have found thee; because thou hast sold
+thyself to do what is evil in the eyes of the
+Lord.
+
+21 Behold, I will bring evil upon thee,
+and I will sweep out after thee, and will cut
+off from Achab every male, and the guarded
+and fortified in Israel,
+
+22 And I will make thy house like the
+house of Jerol)o'am the son of Nebat, and like
+the house of Ba'sha the son of Achiyah, for
+the provocation wherewith thou hast provok-
+ed (me) to anger, and induced Israel to sin.
+
+23 And also concerning Izebel hath the
+Lord spoken, saying, The dogs shall eat Ize-
+bel in the valle^''' of Yizre'el.
+
+24 Him that dieth of Achab in the city
+shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth in the
+field shall the fowls of the heavens eat.
+
+25 But indeed there was none like unto
+Achab, who sold himself to do what is evil in
+the eyes of the Lord, to which Izebel his wife
+incited him.
+
+26 And he acted very abominably in fol-
+lowing the idols, in all things just as had
+done the Emorites, whom the Lord had
+driven out from before the children of Israel.
+
+27 And it came to pass, when Achalj heard
+these words, that he rent his clothes, and put
+sackcloth upon his Hesh,° and fested, and
+slept in the sackcloth, and walked about bare-
+footed.''
+
+28 ^ And the word of the Lord came to
+Elijah the Tishbite, saying,
+
+29 Hast thou seen how Achab hath hum-
+bled liimself before me? therefore, because he
+hath humbled himself before me, will I not
+bring the evil in his days: in tlie days of his
+son will I bring the evil upon his house.
+
+
+" E. Jos. Schwarz renders nipDD "in punisbincut for," as
+the pool at Samaria, wLeru Auhab's blood was spilt, could
+uovor have conveyed the blood of the slain king to Yizre'el.
+
+" After Jonathan. Others, "at the outer wall," &c.
+
+" "On his body." — Arniieim, and others, who always
+render "iB'a, when used as here, witli "body," and not
+"flesh."
+
+420
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+
+1 And they remained (at rest) three
+years, there being no war between Syria and
+Israel.
+
+2 T[ And it came to pass in the third year
+that Jehoshaphat the king of Judah came
+down to the king of Israel.
+
+3 And the king of Israel said unto his ser-
+vants. Know ye that Ramoth in Gil'ad is
+ours, and we remain idle, without taking it
+out of the hand of the king of Syria?
+
+4 And he said unto Jehoshaphat, Wilt
+thou go with me to the battle against Ea-
+moth-gil'ad? And Jehoshaphat said to the
+king of Israel, I (will be) like thee, my peo-
+ple like thy people, my horses like thy horses.
+
+5 And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of
+Israel, Inquire, I pray thee, to-day (first) of
+the word of the Lord.
+
+6 Then assembled the king of Israel the
+prophets, about four hundred men, and said
+unto them, Shall I go against Kamoth-girad
+to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said,
+Go up; and the Lord will deliver (it) into
+the hand of the king."
+
+7 And Jehosliaphat said. Is there not here
+a pro^jhet of the Eternal besides, that Ave
+might inquire of him?
+
+8 And the king of Israel said unto Jeho-
+shaphat, There is yet one man, by whom we
+might inquire of the Lord; but I hate him;
+for he will never pro2)hesy good concerning
+me, but evil: (it is) Michayhu the son of
+Yimlah. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not the
+king say so.
+
+9 Then called the king of Israel a certain
+officer, and said. Hasten hither Michayhu the
+son of Yimlah.
+
+10 And the king of Israel and Jehosha-
+phat the king of Judah M'ere sitting each on
+his throne, dressed in their regal garments, in
+a tlireshing-floor at the entrance of the gate
+of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied
+before them.
+
+11 And Zedekiah'the sonof Kena'anah had
+
+
+* Jonathan. Others, "he walked about heavy-hearted,"
+or "slowly," "softly;" but the actual idea is, that he di.s-
+played regret in his outward demeanour, even iu his walk,
+his gait being changed.
+
+" Ambiguous, not clearly defining what king, or what
+shnidd be delivered. Lit., "the Lord will deliver into," &c.
+
+' C!orreetly, Zii/kcj/ah.
+
+
+1 KINGS XXII.
+
+
+made himself horns of Iron ; and he said, Thus
+hath said the LoRD, With these shalt thou
+pusli tlie Syrians, until thou have made an
+end of them.
+
+12 And all the prophets prophesied so,
+saving. Go up to Eamoth-gil'ad, and prosper;
+and the Lokd will deliver it into the king's
+hand.
+
+13 And the messenger that went to call
+Miohayhu spoke unto him, saying, Behold
+now, the words of the prophets are with one
+voice" good for the king: do let thy word, I
+pray thee, he like the word of any one of
+them, and speak something good.
+
+14 And Michayhu said. As the Lord liv-
+eth, truly, what "the Lord may say unto me,
+that will I speak.
+
+15 And when he wa,s come to the king,
+the king said unto him, Michayhu, shall we
+go against Eamoth-gil'ad to l)attle, or shall
+we forbear? And he answered him, Go up, and
+]n-osper; and may'' the Lord deliver it into
+the hand of the king.
+
+16 x\nd the king said unto him. How many
+times yet must I adjure thee that thou shalt
+not speak to me any thing but the truth in
+the name of the Lord?
+
+17 And he said, I saw all Israel scattered
+over the mountains, as iiocks that have not a
+shepherd : and the Lord said. These have no
+master; let them return every man to his
+house in peace.
+
+IS And tlie king of Israel said unto Jeho-
+shaphat. Did 1 not say unto thee that he
+would not prophesy concerning me any good,
+but (only) evil?
+
+19 And he said, Therefore hear thou the
+word of the Lord : I saw the Lord sitting on
+his throne, and all the host of heaven stand-
+ing by him on his right and on his left.
+
+20 And the Lord said. Who wall persuade
+Achab, that he may go up and fall at Ramoth-
+gil'ad? And one said. In this manner, and
+another said. In that manner.
+
+21 And there came forth a° spirit, and
+placed himself before the Lord, and said, I
+will persuade him. ''And the Lord said unto
+him, Wherewith?
+
+22 And he said, I will go forth, and I will
+be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his pro-
+
+
+'Heb. "mouth."
+
+' Ra-shi. Othors. "for the Lord will," &e.
+
+
+phets. And he said, Thou wilt persuade
+him, and also prevail : go forth, and do so.
+
+23 And now, behold, the Lord hath put a
+l3'ing spirit in the mouth of all these thy pro-
+phets; but the Lord hath spoken evil con-
+cerning thee.
+
+24 And Zedekiah the son of Kena'anah
+went near, and struck Michayhu on the
+cheek, and said. Which way passed the Spirit
+of the Lord away from me to speak witli
+thee?
+
+25 And Michayhu said, Behold, thou shalt
+see it on that day, wdien thou shalt go into the
+innermost chamber to hide thyself.
+
+26 And the king of Israel said. Take Mi-
+chajdiu, and carry him back unto Amon the
+governor of the city, and unto Joiish the
+king's son;
+
+27 And say. Thus hath said the king, Put
+this man in the prison, and feed him with
+
+j sparing bread and with sparing water, until I
+come home in peace.
+
+28 And Michayhu said. If thou return at
+all in peace, then hath the Lord not spoken
+through me. And he said. Hear it, 0 all ye
+nations !
+
+29 ^ So the king of Israel went up wdth
+Jehoshaphat the king of Judah to Eamoth-
+gil'ad.
+
+30 And the king of Israel said unto Jeho-
+shaphat, I will disguise myself, and enter
+into the battle; but do thou put on thy regal
+garments. And the king of Israel disguised
+himself, and went into the battle.
+
+31 And the king of Syria had commanded
+the captains over his chariots, thirty-two (in
+number), saying, Fight neither with a small
+nor a great one, save only with the king of
+Israel alone.
+
+32 And it came to pass, when the captains
+of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they
+said. Surely this is the king of Israel. And
+they turned aside against him to fight: and
+Jehoshaphat cried out.
+
+33 And it came to pass, when the captains
+of the chariots perceived that it was not the
+king of Israel, that tliey turned back from
+following him.
+
+34 But a man drew his bow at a venture,
+and struck the king of Israel between the
+
+
+Lit. " The spirit."
+
+^ In the English version, verse 22 commences here.
+
+421
+
+
+1 KINGS XXII.
+
+
+joints" find the armour : wherefore he said
+unto his chariot-driver, Turn about, and carry
+nie out of the camp ; for I am wounded.*"
+
+35 And the battle increased on that day;
+and the king was stayed up in his chariot
+against the Syrians; but he died in the even-
+ing: and the blood of the wound flowed down
+into the hollow of the chariot.
+
+30 And there went a proclamation through-
+out the camp at the going down of the sun,
+saying, Every man to liis city, and every
+man to his own land.
+
+37 So the king died, and w.as brought to
+Samaria; and they buried the king in Sa-
+maria.
+
+38 And the chariot was washed out at the
+pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up liis
+blood, as they washed his armour:'' according
+to the word of the Lord which he had spoken.
+
+39 Now the rest of the acts of Achab. and
+all that he did, and the ivory house which
+he built, and all the cities that he built, be-
+hold, they are written in the book of the
+chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+40 So Achab slept with his fathers: and
+Achazyahu his son bectwne king in his stead.
+
+41 il And Jehoshaphat the son of Assa
+became king over Judah in the fourth year
+of Achab the king of Israel.
+
+42 Jehoshaphat was thirty and five years
+old when he became king, and twenty and
+five years did he reign in Jerusalem. And
+his mother's name was 'Azubah the daughter
+of Shilchi.
+
+43 And he walked in all the ways of Assa
+his father; he turned not aside from it, doing
+Avhat is right in the eyes of the Lord:
+
+44** Nevertheless the high-places were not
+
+° Rashi interprets, that it was what is called a scaly
+armour, in which the scales cover the perforations of the
+coat of mail, in one of which the arrow struck.
+
+" Ilrb. "mailc sick."
+
+
+removed; for the people still ofllTod, nud
+burnt incense on the high-places.
+
+45 And Jehoshaphat made peace with the
+king of Israel.
+
+46 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat,
+and his mighty deeds that he showed, and
+how he warred, behold, they are written in
+the book of the chronicles of the kings of Ju-
+dah .
+
+47 And the remnant of the sodomites,
+that had been left in the days of his father
+Assa, did he put away out of the land.
+
+48 There was then no king in Edom: a
+deputy was king.
+
+49 Jehoshaphat made Tharshish-ships to
+go to Ophir for gold; but they went not; for
+the ships were wrecked at 'Ezyon-geber.
+
+50 Then said Achaz^-ahu the son of Achab
+unto Jehoshaphat, Let my servants go with
+thy servants in the ships. But Jehoshaphat
+would not.
+
+51 And Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers,
+and was buried with his fathers in the city
+of David his father: and Jehoram his son
+became king in his stead.
+
+52 ^ Achazyahu the son of Achab became
+king over Israel in Samaria in the seven-
+teenth year of Jehoshaphat, the king of Ju-
+dah ; and he reigned over Israel two years.
+
+53 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, and walked in the way of his
+father, and in the way of his mother, and in
+the way of Jerobo'am the son of Nebat, who
+had induced Israel to sin.
+
+54 And he served Ba'al, and bowed down
+to him, and he provoked to anger the Lord
+the God of Israel, all just as his father had
+done.
+
+
+" After Jonathan. But others render, " while the har-
+lots bathed therein."
+
+'' This is a part of verse 4.3 in the English version, in
+which the chapter has hut 53 verses.
+
+
+THE SI<:C'OND BOOK OF TllK KINGS,
+
+CONTAINING THE CONTINUATION OF THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL TO THE
+
+DESTRUCTION OF THE TEMPLE.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 Then did Moiib rebel against Israel after
+the death of Acliab.
+
+2 And Achazyah fell down through the
+lattice in his upper chamber that was in Sa^
+niaria, and became sick ; and he sent messen-
+gers, and said unto them. Go, inquire of
+Ba'al-zebub" the god of 'Ekron whether I shall
+recover from this sickness.
+
+3 But an angel of the Lord spol^^e to Elijah
+the Tislibite, Arise, go up to meet the mes-
+sengers of the king of Samaria, and say unto
+them, Is it because there is not a God in Is-
+rael, that ye go to inquire of Ba'al-zebub the
+god of 'Ekron?
+
+4 Now therefore, thus hath said the Lord,
+From the bed on which thou art gone up
+shalt thou not come down; for thou shalt
+surely die. And Elijah departed.
+
+5 And the messengers returned unto him,
+and he said unto them. Why is this that ye
+are already returned?
+
+6 And they said unto him, There came up
+a man to meet us, and said unto us, Go, return
+unto the king that hath sent you, and speak
+unto him, Thus hath said the Lord, Is it be-
+cause there is not a God in Israel, that thou
+sendest to inquire of Ba'al-zebub the god of
+'Ekron ? therefore from the bed on which
+thou art gone up shalt thou not come down ;
+for thou shalt surely die.
+
+7 And he spoke unto them, Wljat is the
+manner of the man who came up to meet you,
+and spoke unto you these words?
+
+8 And they said unto him, He is a hairy
+man, with a girdle of leather girded about
+his loins. And he said. It is Elijah the Tisli-
+bite.
+
+' Literally, "the lord of flies;" probably so called be-
+cause he was supposed to defend the people from flies.
+
+
+9 Then did he send unto him a captain
+of fifty with his fifty: and he went up to
+him, and, behold, he was sitting on the top of
+the mount; and he spoke unto him, Oman
+of God, the king hath commanded, Come
+down.
+
+10 And Elijah answered and spoke to the
+captain of the iifty. And if I te a man of God,
+
+I let a fire come down from heaven and consume
+
+! thee and th}' fift}'. And there came down a
+fire from heaven, and consumed him and liis
+
+I fifty.
+
+I 11 And lie sent again unto him another
+captain of fifty with his fifty. And he com-
+menced and spoke unto him, 0 man of God,
+thus hath the king said, Come down quickly.
+
+12 And Elijah answered and spoke unto
+them. If I be a man of God, let a fire come
+down from heaven, and consume thee and thy
+fifty. And the fire of God came down from
+heaven, and consumed him and his fifty.
+
+13 And he sent again a captain of fifty
+the third time'' with his fifty. And the third
+captain of fifty went up, and came and bent
+down on his knees Ix-fore Elijah, and besought
+him, and spoke unto him, O man of God, I
+pray thee, let my life and the life of these
+fifty thy servants be precious in thy eyes.
+
+14 Behold, there came down a fire from
+heaven, and consumed the two captains of the
+first fifties with their fifties; and now let
+my life be precious in thy eyes.
+
+15 T[ And the angel of the Lord spoke
+unto Elijah, Go down with him: be not afraid
+of him. And he arose, and went down with
+him unto the kin<j;.
+
+16 And he spoke unto him, Thus hath
+said the Lord, Forasmuch as thou didst send
+messengers to inquire of Ba'al-zebub the God
+
+
+Arnl
+
+
+Others, ''the third fifty.
+
+
+423
+
+
+2 KINGS I. 11.
+
+
+of 'Ekron, as though there were no God in
+Israel to inquire of his word : therefore
+from the bed on which thou art gone up shalt
+thou not come down ;' for thou shalt surely
+die.
+
+17 And he died, according to the woi'd of
+the Lord which Elijah had spoken ; and Je-
+horam became king in his stead in the second
+year of Jehoram'' the son of Jehoshaphat the
+king of Judah; because he had no son.
+
+18 Now the rest of the acts of Achazyahu
+which he did, behold, they are written in the
+book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, when the Lord
+was about to take up Elijah by a storm-wind
+to heaven, that Elijah went out with Elisha'
+from Gilgal.
+
+2 And Elijah said unto Elisha', Remain, I
+pray thee, here; for the Lord hath sent me as
+far as Beth'el. But Elisha' said. As the Lord
+liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave
+thee. So they went down to Beth-el.
+
+3 And the sons" of the prophets that were
+at Beth-el came forth to Elisha', and said unto
+him, Knowest thou that to-day the Lord will
+take away thy master from thy head? And
+he said, I also know it ; be still.
+
+4 And Elijah said unto him, Elisha', re-
+main, I pray thee, here; for the Lord hath
+sent me to Jericho. But he said, As the
+Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not
+leave thee. So they came to Jericho.
+
+5 And the sons of the prophets that were
+at Jericho came near to Elisha', and said unto
+him, Knowest thou that to-day the Lord Avill
+take away thy master from thy head ? And
+he said, I also know it; be still.
+
+6 And Elijah said unto him, Remain, I
+pray thee, here ; for the Lord hath sent me
+to the Jordan. But he said, As the Lord
+
+
+" In the East, there is usually at the end of each cham-
+ber a little gallery, raised three or four feet above the
+floor, with a ballustnide in front, to which they go up by
+a few steps: here they place (heir beds; an allusion to
+which situation is involved in this declaration of Elijah's,
+and frequently referred to in the Sacred Scriptures. (See
+Gen. xlix. 4.)
+
+'■ As it is said in chap. iii. 1, that he began his reign in
+
+the eighteenth of Jehoshaphat, it is supposed that Jeho-
+
+Bhaphat admitted his sou Jehoram to reign with him,
+
+eight or nine years before his death ; hence, the secoud
+
+421
+
+
+liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave
+thee. So these two went on.
+
+7 And fifty men of the sons of the pro-
+phets went, and stood opposite (to them) afar
+oflF: and those two stood by the Jordan.
+
+8 And Elijah took his mantle, and folded
+it together, and smote the waters, and they
+were divided hither and thither, and they
+went, both of them, over on dry ground.
+
+9 And it came to pass, when they passed
+over, that Elijah said unto Elisha', Ask what
+I shall do for thee, before I shall be taken
+away from thee. And Elisha' said, Let there
+he, I pray thee, a double portion"* of thy spirit
+U2»n me.
+
+10 And he said. Thou hast asked a hard
+thing: if thou see me when I am taken from
+thee, it shall be so (given) unto thee; but if
+not, it shall not be.
+
+11 And it came to pass, as they went on,
+speaking as they were going, that, behold,
+there came a chariot of fire, and horses of
+fire, and parted them both asunder; and Eli-
+jah went up by a storm-wind* to heaven.
+
+12 And Elisha' saw it, and he cried, My
+flither, my father, the chariot of Israel, and
+their horsemen.*^ And he saw him no more;
+and he took hold of his clothes, and rent them
+in two pieces.
+
+13 And he lifted up the mantle of Elijah
+that had fallen from him, and went back, and
+stood by the border of the Jordan ;
+
+14 And he took the mantle of Elijah that
+had fallen from him, and smote the waters,
+and said, Where is the Lord the God of Eli-
+jah? and when he also had smitten the
+waters, they parted hither and thither; and
+Elisha' passed over.
+
+15 And when the sons of the prophets
+who were at Jericho, at a distance, saw
+him, they said, The spirit of Elijah doth
+rest on Elisha'. And they came forth to meet
+
+year that Jehoram was associate king, and the eighteenth
+of Jehoshaphat.
+
+° 7. e. As the Targumist renders N'O: ''TnSn "disciples
+of the prophets."
+
+^ Ralbag suggests that it means that Elisha requested
+to obtain a twofold portion of Elijah's spirit above the
+other disciples, regarding himself as his spiritual first-
+born, who was entitled to a double portion. (See Deut.
+xxi. 17.)
+
+° Arnheim, "storm-cloud."
+
+' Jonathan, " who wast better for Israel by thy prayers
+than their chariots and horsemen."
+
+
+2 KINGS TI. IIT.
+
+
+hiiu, and bowed thomselves unto liini to the
+ground.
+
+] G And they said unto him, Behold now,
+there are among thy servants fifty strong
+men; let them go, we pray thee, and seek
+th^' master; peradventure the Spirit of the
+Lord hath taken him up, and cast him upon
+one of the mountains, or into one of the val-
+leys. And he said, Ye must not send.
+
+1 7 And they urged him till he was ashamed,"
+when he said, Send. And they sent fifty men;
+and the}- sought three dnjs, but found him
+not.
+
+18 And they returned again to him, for he
+had remained at Jericho; and he tlien said
+unto them. Did I not sa}' unto you. Ye should
+not go?
+
+19 ^ And the men of the city siiid unto
+Elisha', Behold, I pray thee, the situation of
+this city is good, as my lord seeth ; but the
+water is bad, and the land causeth luitimely
+births.
+
+20 And he said. Fetch me a new flask,
+and put salt therein : and they fetched it to
+him.
+
+21 And he went forth unto the spring of
+the waters, and cast therein the salt, and
+said. Thus hath said the Lokd, I have healed
+these waters; there shall not be from there
+any more death or untimely births.
+
+22 So the waters were healed unto this
+day, according to the word of Elisha' which
+he spoke.
+
+23 ^ And he went up from there to Beth-el :
+and as he was going up by the way, there
+came forth young lads'" out of the city, and
+they mocked him, and said unto him, Go up,
+bald-head! go up, bald-head!
+
+24 And he turned back, and looked on
+them, and cursed them in the name of the
+Lord; and there came I'orth two she-bears out
+of the forest, and tore of them forty and two
+boyfe\
+
+25 And he went from there to mount
+Carmel, and from there he returned to Sa^
+maria.
+
+
+" /. c. till he was a.shamed to refuse any longer.
+
+'' The wonts □•:£3p w\i'i not only .signify little chil-
+dren, hut young men; for rap signifies not only little,
+but young, in opposition to old; and l;?: signifies not
+only a child, but a young man, grown to years of matu-
+rity : thus Isaac is called i;;: when perhaps over thirty
+years old, Joseph when thirty, and Rehobo'am when forty.
+3D
+
+
+CHAPTER in.
+
+1 \ And Jehoram the son of Achab be-
+came king over Israel in Samaria in the
+eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat the king of
+Judah, and he reigned twelve years.
+
+2 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord; Ijut not like his father, and like
+his mother; and he removed the statue of
+Ba'al which his lather had made.
+
+3 Nevertheless unto the sins of Jerobo'am
+the son of Neljat, who had induced Israel to
+sin, did he cleave: he departed not there-
+from.
+
+4 ^[ And Mesha' the king of Moab was a
+sheepmaster, and rendered as tribute unto
+the king of Israel a hundred thousand landjs,
+and a hundred thousand rams, with the wool.
+
+5 And it came to pass, "when Achab was
+dead, that the king of Moab rebelled against
+the king of Israel.
+
+6 And king Jehoram went out of Samaria
+at that time, and numbered all Israel.
+
+7 And he went and sent to Jehoshaphat
+the king of Judah, saying. The king of Moab
+hath rebelled against me: wilt thou go with
+me against Moab to battle? And he said, I
+will go up, I as thyself, my people as thy
+people, my horses as thy horses.
+
+8 And he said. Which way shall we go
+up? And he said, The way through the wil-
+derness of Edom.
+
+9 So the king of Israel went, with the king
+of Judah, and the king of Edom; and they
+took a circuitous route, a seven days' journey;
+and there was no water for the camp, and for
+the cattle that followed in their train.
+
+10 And the king of Israel said, Alas! that
+the Lord hath called these three kings, to
+deliver them into the hand of Moab!
+
+11 But Jehoshaphat said. Is there not here
+a prophet of the Lord, that we may inquire
+of the Lord from him? And there answered
+one of the king of Israel's servants and said,
+Here is Elisha' the son of Shaphat, who pour-
+ed" water on the hands of Elijah.
+
+
+These idolatrous young men, having heard of the ascen-
+sion of Elijah, without believing it, blasphemously bade
+Elisha' follow him. — After Abarbanel.
+
+° )'. e. "Ilad waited on him." Elisha' must therefore
+have followed the army in the wilderness, to be ready to
+take advantage of circumstances to preach the word of
+God. — Philippson.
+
+425
+
+
+2 KINGS in. It.
+
+
+12 And JeliOHliaphat said, The word of the
+Lord is with him. And tliere went down to
+him the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and
+the king of Edom.
+
+13 And EHsha' said unto the king of Is-
+rael, What have I to do with thee? go to the
+prophets of th}' father, and to the prophets
+of thv mother. And the king of Israel said
+unto him, Not so; for the Lord hatli called
+these three kings, to deliver them into the
+hand of Moiib.
+
+14 And Elisha' said, As the Lord of hosts
+liveth, before whom I have stood, surely,
+were it not that I regard the presence of
+Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not
+look toward thee, nor see thee.
+
+1-5 But now bring me a musician. And
+it came to pass, when the musician 2)layed,
+that the inspiration^of the Lord came upon him.
+
+16 And he said, Thus hath said the Lord,
+Make this valley full of ditches.
+
+17 For thus hath said the Lord, Ye shall
+not perceive wind, nor shall ye see rain; yet
+this valley shall be filled with w'ater, that ye
+may drink, yourselves, and your flocks, and
+your cattle.
+
+18 And this is yet too light a thing in the
+eyes of the Lord; and he will also deliver
+the Moabites into your hand.
+
+19 And ye shall smite every fortified city,
+and every choice city, and every good tree
+shall ye fell, and all springs of water shall ye
+stop, and every good piece of land shall ye
+spoil with stones.
+
+20 And it came to pass in the morning, at
+the time when the meat-ofiering is offered,
+that, behold, there came water by the way
+from Edom, and the country was filled with
+the water.
+
+21 And when all the Moabites heard that
+the kings were come up to fight against them,
+they were called together from every one who
+was girded with a sword,'' and upward, and
+they posted themselves on the border.
+
+" /. e. The power to foresee what was impending.
+
+'■ Lit. "girdle;" i. c. from the youngest that could
+buckle on a sword, to those of a higher age.
+
+° Jonathan. Arnheim, literally, "they have ruined
+themselves."
+
+^ Some suppose that the prince thus sacrificed was a
+son of the Edumean king wlio had fallen into the hand
+of the Moiibite, wherefore ho felt indign.ant at Israel,
+whose alliance had brought him so much evil. Others,
+again, understand that Mcslia' slow his own son, which
+420
+
+
+22 And when they rose up early in the
+morning, and the sun shone upon the water,
+the Moabites saw the water at a distance as
+red as blood.
+
+2.3 And they said. This is blood ; the kings
+have certainly" had a contest among them-
+selves, and they have smitten one another:
+and now, up to the spoil, Moab.
+
+24 But when they came to the camp of Is-
+rael, the Israelites rose up and smote the
+Moabites, so that they fled before them; and
+they smote the Moabites com2:>letely, even in
+their own country.
+
+25 And the cities they pulled down, and
+into every good piece of land they cast every
+man his stone, and filled it up, and every
+sirring of water tliey stopped, and every good
+tree they felled, until they left only its stones
+in Kir-chareseth, and this the slingers encom-
+passed and smote it.
+
+26 And when the king of Moiib saw that
+the battle was too strong for him, he took
+with him seven hundred men that drew the
+sword, to break through unto the king of
+Edom; but they could not.
+
+27 Then took he his eldest*^ son that should
+have reigned in his stead, and offered him for
+a burnt-offering upon the wall. And there
+was great indignation against Israel: and
+they departed from him, and returned to
+their land.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 T[ And a certain woman, of the wives of
+the sons of the prophets cried unto Elisha',
+saying, Thy servant my husband is dead ;
+and thou well knowest that thy servant was
+one who feared the Lord : and now the credi-
+tor is come to take my two sons unto himself
+for servants."
+
+2 And Elisha' said unto her, What shall I
+do for thee ? tell me, what hast thou in the
+house? And she said. Thy handmaid hath
+nothing in the house, save a pot of oil.
+
+
+revolting spectacle broke up the confederacy. Rashi,
+and others, that God's wrath was kindled against the Is-
+raelites, who were then idolaters.
+
+" This passage proves that with the prevalence of idola-
+try the purer principles of the law fell into disuse. The
+power of taking a human being into bondage for debt, is
+nowhere conferred upon the creditor; and here we see
+that the widow of one of the scholars of the prophets is
+threatened by her creditor with the servitude of her chil-
+dren.
+
+
+2 KINGS IV.
+
+
+fi And he said, Go, borrow ibr thyself
+vessels from abroad from all thy neighbours,
+empty vessels, let them not he a few.
+
+4 And then go home, and lock the door
+behind thee and behind thy sons, and then
+pour out into all those vessels; and that which
+is full tliou slialt set aside.
+
+5 So she went from him, and locked the
+door behind her and behind her sons, who
+brought the vessels near to her, and she poured
+out.
+
+6 And it came to pass, when the vessels
+were full, that she said unto her son. Bring
+near to me yet another vessel; and he said
+unto her, There is not a vessel more : and the
+oil stayed.
+
+7 Tiien came she and told it to the man
+of God; and he said. Go, sell the oil, and pay
+thy debt, and thou with thy children shalt
+live of the rest.
+
+8 •[[ And it happened one day, that Elisha'
+passed over to Shunera, and there was a great
+woman, and she constrained him to eat bread ;
+and it happened, that as oft as he passed by,
+he used to turn in thither to eat bread.
+
+9 And she said unto her husband, Behold
+now, I perceive that this is a holy man of
+God, who passeth through by us continu-
+ally.
+
+10 Let us then make a little upper cham-
+ber, on the wall ; and let us set for him there
+a bed, and a table, and a chair, and a candle-
+sticlv : and it shall be, when he cometh to us,
+that he shall turn in thither.
+
+1 1 And it happened one day, that he came
+thither, and he turned into the upper chamber,
+and lay'' there.
+
+12 And he said to Gechazi his servant.
+Call this Shunammite: and he called her, and
+she stood before him.
+
+13 And he said unto him. Say now unto
+her, Beliold, thou hast been at pains to take
+all this trouble for us: what is to be done for
+thee ? wouldst thou be spoken for to the
+king, or to the chief of the army? And she
+said, I dwell in the midst of my own people.''
+
+14 And he said, What then is to be done
+
+
+• Others, " slept."
+
+' " Among my relatives: no one injures me, and I have
+no need of the aid of the king or the chief of the army."
+— Rashi.
+
+" See Gen. xviii. 10.
+
+' This passage proves the correctness of the rabbini-
+
+
+for her? And Gechazi said, Verily, she hath
+no son, and her husband is old.
+
+15 And he said, Call her: and he called
+hei', and she stood in the door.
+
+16 And he said. At this season, next year,""
+thou shalt embrace a son. Aiidshe said, No, my
+lord, man of God, do not deceive thy hand-maid.
+
+17 But the woman conceived, and bore a
+son at that season in the following year, as
+Elisha' had spoken unto her.
+
+18 And the child grew up; and it happen-
+ed one day, that he went out to his father to
+the reapers.
+
+19 And he said unto his father. My head,
+my head: and he said to a lad. Carry him to
+his mother.
+
+20 And he took him up, and brought him
+to his mother, and he sat on her knees till
+noon, when he died.
+
+21 And she went up, and laid him on the
+bed of the man of God, and locked the door
+behind him, and went out,
+
+22 And she called unto her husband, and
+said, Send me, I pray thee, one of the young
+men, and one of the she-asses, that I may
+hasten as far as the man of God, and return.
+
+23 And he said. Wherefore art thou going
+to him to-day ? it is neither new moon, nor
+sabbath.'^ And she said. It is well.
+
+24 Then she saddled the she-ass, and said
+to her servant. Drive, and go forw^ard ; do not
+resti'ain me in riding, unless I say it to thee.
+
+25 So she went and came unto the man of
+God to mount Carmel: and it came to pass,
+when the man of God saw her afar off, that
+he said to Gechazi his servant. Behold, yonder
+is that Shunammite.
+
+26 Now do run to meet her, and say unto
+her. Is it well with thee ? is it well with thy
+husband ? is it well with the child ? and she
+answered, It is well.
+
+27 And she came to the man of God to the
+mount, and caught hold of his feet; and
+Gechazi came near to thrust her away; but
+the man of God said. Let her alone; for her
+soul is grieved within her; and the Lord hatli
+hidden it from me, and hath not told it me.
+
+
+cal rule that a person should wait upon his teacher on the
+festival; for the husband remonstrated with the wife, that
+it being neither sabbath, which includes the festivals, n<ir
+new moon, there was no cause for her going to Elisha' ;
+and no doubt to calm his uneasiness on that account, she
+answered him, "It is peace," meaning, " All is well."
+
+427
+
+
+2 KINGS IV. V.
+
+
+28 And she said, Did I request a son from
+my lord? did I not say, Do not lead me astray ?
+
+29 Then said he to Gechazi, Gird up th}'
+loins, and take my staff in thy hand, and go
+thy way: if thou meet any man, thou shalt
+not salute him; and if any salute thee, thou
+shalt not answer him; and lay my staff upon
+the face of the lad.
+
+30 And the mother of the lad said, As
+the Lord livetli, and as thy soul livetli, I will
+not leave thee. And he arose and followed her. I
+
+31 And Gechazi passed on before them, '
+and laid the staff upon the face of the lad ;
+but there was neither voice, nor perceptible
+sound ; wherefore he went back to meet him,
+and told him, saying, The lad is not awakened.
+
+32 And when Elisha' was come into the
+house, behold, fjie lad was dead, laid upon
+his bed.
+
+33 And he went in and locked the door
+behind both of them, and prayed unto the
+Lord.
+
+34 And he went up, and laid himself upon
+the child, and put his mouth upon his mouth,
+and his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands
+upon his hands; and he stretched himself
+upon him: and the flesh of the child became
+warm.
+
+35 Then he returned, and walked in the
+house to and fro; and went up, and stretched
+himself (again) upon liim : and the lad sneezed
+as many as seven times, and the lad opened
+his eyes.
+
+36 And he called Gechazi, and said. Call
+this Shunammite: so he called her, and she
+came in unto him; and he said. Take up thy
+son.
+
+37 Then went she in, and fell at his feet,
+and bowed herself to the ground, and took up
+her son, and went out.
+
+38 Tl And Elisha' returned to Gilgal; and
+there was a famine in the land ; and the sons
+of the prophets were sitting before him : and
+he said unto his servant, Set on the large pot,
+and seethe pottage for the sons of the pro-
+phets.
+
+39 And one went out into the field to
+gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and
+gathered thereof wild colocynths his garment
+
+
+' Pliilippson, "rid him."
+
+*" The king of Syria, from his ignorance of the customs
+of Israel, whore the l;iii2 prisscsscl no power over tlic
+.J28
+
+
+full, and came and cut them up into the pot
+of pottage; for they knew them not.
+
+40 And they poured it out for the men to
+eat ; and it came to pass, as they were eating
+of the pottage, that they cried out, and said,
+Death is in the pot, 0 man of God. And they
+could not eat.
+
+41 But he said, Then Ijring some meal.
+And he cast it into the pot; and he said. Pour
+it out for the people, that they may eat. And
+there was nothing bad in the pot.
+
+42 ^1 And tliere came a man from Ba'al-
+shalishah, and brought unto the nuui of God
+bread of the first-fruits, twenty loaves of bar-
+ley bread, and fresh ears of corn in his scrip:
+and he said. Give it unto the people, that
+they may eat.
+
+43 And his servitor said, What, shall I set
+this before a hundred men? And he said.
+Give it unto the people, that they may eat;
+for thus hath said the Lord, They shall eat,
+and shall leave (thereof).
+
+44 So he set it before them, and they ate,
+and left thereof, according to the word of the
+Lord.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ And Na'aman, the captain of the army
+of the king of Syria, was a great man before
+his lord, and highly honoured; because by
+him had the Lord given victory unto Syria :
+and this man was valiant in war, (but) a
+leper.
+
+2 And the Syrians had gone out in preda-
+tory troops, and had brought away captive
+out of the land of Israel a little maiden ; and
+she waited on Na'aman's wife.
+
+8 And she said unto her mistress, Oh that
+my lord were but before the prophet that is in
+Samaria ! then would he heal^ him of liis leprosy.
+
+4 And he went in, and told his lord, saj--
+ing. Thus and thus hath spoken the maiden
+that is from the land of Israel.
+
+5 And the king of Svria said. Go to, qo,
+and I will send a letter unto the king of
+Israel. And he departed, and took with him
+ten talents of silver, and si.\ thousand pieces
+of gold, and ten changes of garments.
+
+
+6 And he brought the
+
+
+letter'' to the king
+
+
+prophet, thought it sufficient to address the former. Hence
+the words of Elisha', "And he shall know that there is a
+proplie' in Israel."
+
+
+2 KINGS V.
+
+
+of Israel, which t^aid, And' now when this let-
+ter Cometh unto thee, behold, I have sent to
+thee Na'anian my servant, that thou mayest
+heal him ol' his leprosy.
+
+7 And it came to pass, when the king of
+Israel read the letter, tliat he rent his clothes,
+and said. Am I (Jod, to kill and to make alive,
+that this one doth send unto me to heal a
+man of his leprosy? for know to a certainty,
+I pray you, and see that he but seekcth a
+quarrel against me.
+
+8 And it happened, when Elisha' the man
+of God heard that the king of Israel had rent
+his clothes, tliat he sent to the king, saying,
+Wherefore hast thou rent thy clothes ? let him
+but come to me, and he shall know that tliere
+is a prophet in Israel.
+
+9 And Na'aman came with his horses and
+and with his chariot, and remained at the
+door of the house of Elisha'.
+
+10 And Elisha' sent a messenger unto him,
+saying, Go and bathe seven times in the Jor-
+dan, and thy flesh shall be restored (healthy)
+to thee, and thou shalt become clean.
+
+11 But Na'aman became wroth, and went
+away, and said. Behold, I had thought. He
+will surely come out to me, and stand, and call
+on the name of the Lord his God, and swing
+his hand over the place, and heal the leper.
+
+12 Are not Amanah and Pharpar, the
+rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters
+of Israel ? may I not bathe in them, and be-
+come clean ? and he turned and went away
+in a rage.
+
+13 And his servants came near, and spoke
+unto him, and they said. My father, if the pro-
+phet had bidden thee a great tiling, wonldst
+thou not do it? how much rather then, when
+he hath said to thee, Bathe, and become clean ?
+
+14 Then went he down, and dived seven
+times in the Jordan, according to the word of
+the man of God: and his flesh was restored
+(healthy) like the flesh of a little boy, and he
+became clean.
+
+15 And he returned to the man of God, he
+with all his camp, and came and stood before
+him, and said, Behold, now I know that there is
+no god on all the earth, but in Israel; and now,
+I pray thee, take a present from thy servant.
+
+16 But he said, As the Lord liveth before
+
+" Perhaps tlie conclusion of the letter.
+
+^ Jonathan, "secret place;" others, "tower."
+
+
+whom I lia\c stood, 1 will take none: and he
+nrged him to take it ; but he refused.
+
+17 And Na'aman said, If (thou wilt) not,
+(then) let there be given, I pray thee, unto
+thy servant two mules' burden of earth ; for
+thy servant will not offer henceforth either
+burnt-offering or peace-sacrifice unto other
+gods, except unto the Lord.
+
+18 For this thing may the Lord pardon thy
+servant, that when my lord goetli into the
+house of Rimmon to prostrate himself there,
+and he leaneth on my hand, and I prostrate
+myself also in the house of Rimmon : when I
+prostrate myself in the house of Rimmon, may
+the LoKD pardon thy servant for this thing.
+
+19 And lie said unto him, Go in peace: so
+he departed from him some distance.
+
+20 ^ But Gechazi, the servant of Elisha'
+the man of God, said. Behold, my master
+hath spared Na'aman, this Syrian, in not re-
+ceiving from liis hand what he had brought;
+but, as the Lord liveth, I will run after him,
+and take some little thing from him.
+
+21 So Gechazi hurried after Na'aman; and
+when Na'aman sa\v liim running after him,
+he lighted down from the chariot to meet
+him, and said. Is (all) well?
+
+22 And he said, (All) is well. My mas-
+ter hath sent me, saying. Behold, even now
+there are come to me from the mountain of
+Ephraim two young men of the sons of the
+prophets : do give them, I pray thee, a talent
+of silver, and two changes of garments.
+
+23 And Na'aman said, Give thy assent,
+take two talents. And he urged him, and
+bound up two talents of silver in two bags,
+with two changes of garments, and he gave
+them unto his two young men, and they
+carried them before him.
+
+24 And when he came to the hill,'' he took
+them from their hand, and bestowed them in
+the house : and he dismissed the men, and the}'
+departed.
+
+25 But he went in, and stood before his
+master. And Elisha' said unto him. Whence
+contest thou, Gechazi? And he said. Thy
+servant went not hither or thither.
+
+2G And he said unto him. My mind was
+not gone," when the man turned round from
+his chariot to meet thee. Is it a time to take
+
+
+Lit. "My heart was not gone,'
+
+
+niv kniiwledcre.
+
+
+it did not escape
+
+
+2 KINGS V. VI.
+
+
+money, and to take garments, and oliveyards,
+and vineyards, and sheep, and oxen, and
+men-servants, and maid-servants?
+
+27 May then the leprosy of Na'aman
+cleave unto thee, and unto thy seed for ever.
+And he went out from his presence a leper
+(as white) as snow.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ And the sons of the prophets said unto
+Elisha', Behold now, the place where we
+dwell before thee is too narrow for us.
+
+2 Let us go, we pray thee, as far as the Jor-
+dan, and take thence every man one beam,
+and let us prepare for us there a place to
+dwell therein. And he said, Go.
+
+3 And one said, Give thy assent, I pray
+thee, and go with thy servants. And he
+said, I will indeed go.
+
+4 So he went with them; and they came
+to the Jordan, and they cut down trees.
+
+5 But as one was felling a beam, the axe-
+head" fell into the water : and he cried, and
+said, Alas, my lord ! it was also* borrowed.
+
+6 And the man of God said, Where did it
+fall? And he showed him the place. And
+he cut down a stick, and cast it in thither,
+and he caused the iron to swim.
+
+7 And then said he. Lift it up to thee.
+And he stretched out his hand, and took it.
+
+8 ^ And the king of Syria made war
+against Israel, and took counsel with his ser-
+vants, saying, In such and such a jjlace shall
+be my camp.
+
+9 And the man of God sent unto the king
+of Israel, saying, Beware that thou pass not
+that place; for thither the Syrians are come
+down.
+
+10 And the king of Israel sent to the place,
+which the man of God had told him and
+warned him of, and he took care of himself
+there: not once nor twice.
+
+11 Therefore the heart of the king of Syria
+was sorely troubled concerning this thing;
+and he called for his servants, and said unto
+them. Can ye not tell me who of us is for the
+king of Israel ?
+
+12 And one of his servants said. Not so,
+
+• Heb. "iron."
+
+' i. e. The loss is the greater because it belougs to an-
+other.
+
+" ('. c. Confound their sight, so that they may not know
+what they see, and so mistake one place for another. The
+430
+
+
+my lord, 0 king; but Elisha', the prophet
+that is in Israel, can teU unto the king of
+Israel the words that thou mayest speak in
+thy sleeping-chamber.
+
+13 And he said. Go and see where he is,
+tliat I may send and fetch him. And it was
+told unto him, saying, Behold, he is in Do-
+tlian.
+
+14 And he sent hither horses, and chariots,
+and a strong army : and they came by night,
+and surrounded the city.
+
+15 And the servant of the man of God
+rose early, and went forth, ^vhen, behold, an
+army compassed the city both with horses
+and chariots. And his servant said unto
+him, Alas, my master! how shall we do?
+
+16 And he said. Fear not; for those that
+are with us are more than those that are with
+them.
+
+17 And Elisha' prayed, and said, 0 Lord,
+open, I jjray thee, his ejes, that he may see.
+And the Lord opened the eyes of the young
+man: and he saw, and behold, the mountain
+was full of horses and chariots of fire round
+about Elisha'.
+
+18 And when they came down to him,
+Elisha' prayed unto the Lord, and said. Smite,
+I i^ray thee, this people with blindness." And
+he smote them with blindness according to
+the word of Elisha'.
+
+19 And Elisha' said unto them, This is not
+the way, neither is this the city: follow me,
+and I will lead you to the man whom ye
+wish to seek. And he led them thus to Sa-
+maria,
+
+20 And it came to pass, when they were
+come into Samaria, that Elisha' said. Lord,
+open the eyes of these, that they may see.
+And the Lord opened their eyes, and they
+saw, and. behold, they were in the midst of
+Samaria.
+
+21 And the king of Israel said unto Elisha',
+when he saw them, Shall I smite them? Shall
+I smite them, my father?
+
+22 But he said, Tiiou shtilt not smite
+them : wouldst thou smite those whom thou
+hast taken captive with thy sword and with
+thy bow?'' set bread and water before them.
+
+
+word DHUD, rendered "blindness," occurs only hero and in
+Gen. xix. 11.
+
+■^ Rashi. But Zunz, "Hast thou taken them i-aptivc
+with thy sword and with thy bow, that thou woidd>t
+smite them?''
+
+
+2 KINGS VI. VII.
+
+
+that they may cat and ihiuk, aud go (back)
+to their master.
+
+23 Aud he prepared for them a great meal ;
+and they ate and drank, and he sent them
+avvay, and they went (back) to their master.
+Aud the predator}' bands of Sjria came no
+more into the kind of Israek
+
+24 •[ And it came to pass after this, that
+]3ea-hadad the king of Syria assembleil all
+his camp, and went up, and besieged Sar
+maria.
+
+.25 And there was a great famine in Sa-
+maria; and, behold, they besieged it, until an
+ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver,
+and the fourth part of a kab of dove's dung
+for five pieces of silver.
+
+26 And it happened as the king of Israel
+was passing along upon the wall, that a wo-
+man cried unto him, sayijig. Help, m^- lord,
+O king.
+
+27 Aud he said, If the Lord do not help
+thee, whence shall I help thee ? shall it be out
+of the threshing-floor, or out of the wine-
+press ?
+
+28 And the king said unto her. What
+aileth thee ? And she said, This woman said
+unto me. Give up thy son, that we may eat
+him to-day, and my son we will eat to-mor-
+row.
+
+29 So we boiled my son, and ate him ; but
+when I said unto her on the next day. Give
+up thy son, that we may eat him : she hid
+her son.
+
+30 And it came to pass, when the king
+heard the A\ords of the woman, that he rent
+his clothes, as he was passing along upon the
+wall: and the people looked, and, behold, he
+had sackcloth beneath upon his flesh.
+
+31 Then said he. May God do so unto me
+and continue so yet farther, if the head of
+Elisha' the son of Shaphat* shall remain on
+him this day.
+
+32 But Elisha' was sitting in his house,
+and the elders were sitting with him ; and he*^'
+sent a man from before liim; but before the
+messenger could yet come to him, he said to
+the elders. See ye how this son of the murderer
+
+* Perhaps he expected, as Rashi thiuks, that Elisha'
+ought and could have prevented the famine by procuring
+the defeat of the Syrians, through his prayers; or per-
+haps, as others suggest, he had dissuaded him from surren-
+dering.
+
+'' Ra.shi adds, "the king;" but it more properly refers to
+
+
+hath sent to reirtove my head? look, when
+the messenger cometh, shut the door, and
+hold him back with the door: is not the soinid
+of his masters feet behind him?
+
+33 And while he was yet speaking with
+them, behold, the messenger came down unto
+him: and he" said. Behold, this evil is of the
+Lord; what shall I hope for in the Lord any
+
+
+longer ?
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+
+1 ^f Then said Elisha', Hear ye the word
+of the Lord : Thus hath said the Lord, About
+this time to-morrow a seiih'' of fine flour shall
+be sold for a shekel, and two seiihs of barley
+for a shekel, in the gate of Samaria.
+
+2 Then answered the lord of the king, on
+whose hand lie used to lean, the man of God,
+and said, Behold, will the Lord make windows
+in the heavens, that this thing shall be? And
+he said. Behold, thou shalt see it with thy
+eyes, but thereof shalt thou not eat.
+
+3 ^ And there were four leprous men at the
+entrance of the gate: aud they said one to
+another, Why do we remain" here until we
+die?
+
+4 If Ave say, We will enter into the city,
+then is the famine in the city, and we shall
+die there; and if we remain here, we die
+(also) : now therefore come, and let us go*^
+over unto the camp of the Syrians; if they
+will let us live, we shall live ; and if they kill
+us, we shall but die.
+
+5 And they rose up in the twilight, to go
+unto the camp of the Syrians; and when they
+were come to the uttermost part of the camp
+of the Syrians, behold, there was no man
+there.
+
+G For the Lord had caused the camp of
+the Syrians to hear a noise of chariots, and a
+noise of horses, the noise of a large army : and
+they said one to the other, Lo, the king of
+Israel hath hired against us the kings of the
+Hittites, and the kings of the Egyptians, to
+come upon us.
+
+7 And they were arisen aud fled in the
+twilight, and had left their tents, and their
+
+Elisha', who sent out somebody to look out for the messenger
+whom he knew prophetically to be coming. — Philippson.
+
+' Kashi says, "he" refers to " the king," who was also
+after the messenger.
+
+■^ The sciih was about two gallons and a half.
+
+' Tat. " f^it." ' ' bit. " fall unto."
+
+431
+
+
+2 KINGS VII. YIII.
+
+
+horses, and their asses, the cavap as it was,
+and fled for their Ufe.
+
+8 And so came these lepers to the utter-
+most part of the camp, and they went into
+one tent, and ate and drank, and carried
+away thence silver, and gold, and garments,
+and went and hid them ; and they returned,
+and entei-ed into another tent, and carried
+away (something) thence, and went and hid it.
+
+9 And then they said one to the other,
+We do not act correctly; this day is a da}' of
+good tidings; and if we remain silent," and
+tarry till the morning-light, we shall incur
+guilt: now then come, and let us go and tell
+it at the kino:'s house.
+
+10 So they went and called unto one of
+the gate-keepers of the city, and they told
+them, saying. We came to the camp of the
+Syrians, and, behold, there was' no man there,
+nor the voice of man; but the horses Avere
+tied, and the asses were tied, and the tents as
+they had been.
+
+11 And he called the gate-keepers; and
+they told it at the king's house within.
+
+12 And the king arose in the night, and
+said unto his servants, I can easily tell you
+what the Syrians have done to us : they knoAV
+that we are hungry; and they are therefore
+gone out of the camp to hide themselves in
+the field, saying. If thej^ should come out of
+the city, we will catch them alive, and enter
+into the city.
+
+13 And one of his servants answered and
+said. Let some take, I pray thee, five of the
+horses that remain, which are left in the city,
+let it fare witli them as with all the multitude
+of Israel that are left in it, (or) let it lare with
+them as with all the multitude of Israel that
+have perished :*' and let us send out and see.
+
+14 And they took two chariots with horses ;°
+and the king sent after the camp of the Sy-
+rians, saying, Go and see.
+
+15 And they went after them as far as the
+Jordan; and, lo, the whole wa}' was full of
+garments and vessels, which the Syrians had
+cast away in their, haste: and the messengers
+returned, and told it to the king.
+
+16 And the people went out, and plundered
+
+
+' Zuiiz. Otbei-s, "anil we remain silent, and if we
+tarry," &g
+
+^ Zunz anrl .\rnlu-ini. " If it ])c said, tliuy are in danger
+of being slain ]>y the Syrian.**, tliey arc in this city in
+danger of famine, like all the multitude of Israel that are
+433
+
+
+the camp of the Syrians: and a seJili of fine
+flour was to be had for a shekel, and two
+seahs of barley for a shekel, according to the
+word of the Lord.
+
+17 And the king had ajjpointed the lord on
+whose hand he used to lean to have the
+charge of the gate; and the people trod him
+down in the gate, and he died ; as the man of
+God had spoken, which he spoke when the
+king came down to him.
+
+18 And it came to pass as the man of God
+was speaking to the king, saying, Two seahs
+of barley for a shekel, and a seiih of fine flour
+for a shekel, shall be about this time to-mor-
+row in the gtite of Samaria :
+
+19 That the lord had answered the man
+of God, and said, Now, behold, if even the
+Lord were to make windows in tlie heavens,
+would such a thing be? And he had said.
+Behold, thou shalt see it with thy eyes, but
+thereof shalt thou not eat.
+
+20 And it happened unto him so; for the
+people trod him down in the gate, and he
+died."
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And Elisha' spoke unto the woman,
+whose son he had restored U> life, saying,
+Arise, and go, thou and thy household, and
+sojourn wheresoever thou canst sojourn; for
+the Lord hath called for a famine, and it is
+also coming in the laud for seven years.
+
+2 And the woman arose, and did after the
+word of the man of God; and she went, she
+with her household, and sojourned in tbe land
+of the Philistines seven years.
+
+3 And it came to pass at the end of seven
+years, that the woman returned out of the
+land of the Philistines ; and she went forth to
+cry unto the king for her house and for her
+land.
+
+4 ^ And the king was just speaking with
+Gecliazi the ser-\'ant of the man of Gt)d, say-
+ing. Relate to me, I pray thee, all the great
+things that Elisha' hath done.
+
+■5 And it came to pass, as he was just relat-
+iu"' to the kin"' how he had restored the dead
+to life, that, behold, the woman, whose son he
+
+left; and if they die, they are like all those of Israel who
+have died by famine." — K.\snT, after Jonathan.
+
+" Others, •' two horses with riders ;" others, " two teams,
+chariot-horses." Eng. ver. " two ehariot-horscs."
+
+■^ See Deut. xviii. U).
+
+
+iLl,\lll ^^1,A1X 1;;V WA\I1J
+
+
+v.
+
+
+2 KINGS VIII.
+
+
+had restored to life, cried to tlie king for her
+house and for her land. And Gechazi said,
+My lord, O kinp:, this is the woman, and this
+is her son, whom Elisha' restored to life.
+G And the kins; asked of the woman, wlio
+
+
+came to his master; who said to iiim, What
+hath Elisha' said to thee? And he said. He
+said to nie that thou conldst surely recover.
+
+IG And it came to pass on the morrow,
+that he took a coverlid, and dip[)ed it in
+
+
+related it to him. So the king appointed unto '^ water, and spread' it over his face, and he
+her a certain ofticer, saying, Restore all that died: and Chazael became king in his stead,
+belongeth to her, and all the products of the'; 16 ^j And in tbo fifth year of Joraui the
+field since the day that she left the land, even i son of Achab the king of Israel, Jehoshaphat
+until now. \ being yet king of Judtdi, Jehoram the son of
+
+7 ^ And Elisha' came to Damascus;* and | Jehoshaphat the king of Judah became king.
+Ben-hadad the king of Syria was sick ; and it ; 17 Thirty and two years old was he when
+was told him, saying, The man of God is he became king, and eight years did ho reign
+
+
+come even hither.
+
+S And the king said nnto Chazael, Take a
+present in thy hand, and go to meet the man
+of God, and inquire of the Lord from him,
+saying. Shall I recover from this sickness?
+
+9 So Chazael went to meet him, and took
+a present in his hand, and all manner of good
+things of Damascus, a burden for forty camels,
+and he came and stood before him, and said.
+Thy son Ben-hadad the king of Syria hath
+sent me to thee, saying. Shall I recover from
+this sickness?
+
+10 And Elisha' said unto him. Go, say
+unto him, Thou mayest certainly recover;
+nevertlieless the Lord hath shown me that
+he shall surely die.
+
+11 And he restrained'' his countenance, and
+held back as long as he could : and then wept
+the man of God.
+
+12 And (Uiazael said. Why doth my lord
+weep? And he said. Because I know what
+evil thou wilt do unto the children of Israel:
+their strong-holds wilt thou set on fire, and
+their young men wilt thou slay with the
+sword, and their children wilt thou dash, and
+their pregnant women wilt thou rip up.
+
+13 And Chazael said, But what is thy ser-
+vant, the dog,° that he should do this great
+thing? And Elisha' said, The Lord hath
+caused me to see thee as king over Syria.
+
+14 So he went away from Elisha', and
+
+
+" Heb. Da7nmcssek.
+
+'' After Rashi, who cxplaius "cnuntenaiiee" as though it
+read "sorrowful countenance." Jonathan, "Ho turned
+away his face," &c. Philippsou, "And he directed his
+face (toward him) and fixed it on hiiu till ho was ashamed,
+and he wept — the uum of God." Zunz has nearly the
+same idea.
+
+" Not as in the English version, " What, is thy servant a
+dog," dtc., but, "the dog;" meaning, "Shall so worthless
+a oerson ever have the power to do," &c.
+
+3E
+
+
+in Jerusalem.
+
+IS And he walked in the way of the kiitgs
+of Israel, as the house of Achalj had done;
+for a dauii'hter of Achab had he for Avife: and
+he did what is evil in the eyes of the Lord.
+
+19 Yet would the Lord not destroy Judah
+for the sake of David his servant, as he said
+unto him, to give him a government" and to
+his children at all times.
+
+20 In his days Edom revolted from under
+the power of Judah. and they appointed a
+king over themselves.
+
+21 And Joram went over to Za"ir, and all
+the chariots were with him; and he rose up
+by night, and smote the Edomites who com-
+passed him about, and the captains of the
+chariots: and the people tied unto their tent.->.
+
+22 Yet Edom revolted' from under the
+power of Judah even until this day ; tiien did
+Libnah revolt at the same time.
+
+23 And the rest of the acts of Ji)rara, and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in
+the Ijook of the chronicles of the kings of
+Judah.
+
+24 And Joram slejjt with his fathers, and
+was buried with his fathers in the city of
+David: and Achazyahu his son becam.e king
+in his stead.
+
+2-5 ^ In" the twelfth year of Joram the son
+of Achab the king of Israel became Achazyahu,
+the son of Jehoram the king of Judah, king.
+
+'' Tlu' text leaves it doubtful whether Chazael or Ben-
+liada<l liiiiiself moistened the coverlid or cloth and placed
+it on his face to allay the fever; and if Chazael did, whe-
+tlier it was to serve the sick king, or to smother him ;
+probably the first was the case, as such a remedy is said
+not to be uncommon in the East.
+
+' Jonathan. Others, " a light."
+
+' Gradual decay of the power of the house of David,
+the cnrisciiu 'nee nl' id:ihtrv md misgovernmcnt.
+
+'■' lleh. -In tlie year, the twelfth year"
+
+488
+
+
+2 KINGS VIII. IX.
+
+
+26 Two and twenty years old was Achaz-
+yahu when he became kmg; and one year
+did he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was 'Athalyahu, the (grand-) daughter
+of 'Omri the king of Israel.
+
+27 And he walked in the way of the house
+of Achab, and did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, like the house of Achab; for he
+was the son-in-law of the house of Achab.
+
+28 And he went with Joram the son of
+Achab to the war against Chazael the king
+of Syria at Ramotli-girad: and the S3'rians
+smote Joram.
+
+29 And king Joram returned to be healed
+in Yizre'el of the wounds which the Syrians
+had inflicted on him at llamah," when he
+was fighting against Chazael the king of
+Syria. And Achazyahu the son of Jehoram
+the king of Judah went down to see Joram
+the son of Achab in Yizre'el, because he was
+sick.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 1[ And Elisha' the prophet called one of
+the children of the prophets, and said unto
+him. Gird*" up thy loins, and take this flask
+of oil in thy hand, and go to Ramoth-girad :
+
+2 And when thou art come thither, look
+out there for Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat
+the son of Nimshi, and go in, and cause him
+to stand up from the midst of his brethren,
+and bring him in to the innermost cham-
+ber;
+
+3 And thou shalt then take the flask of
+oil, and pour it on his head, and say, Thus
+hath said the Lord, I have anointed thee as
+king over Israel. Then must thou open the
+door, and flee, and not wait for any thing.
+
+4 So the young nuui, the disciple" of the
+prophet, went to Ramoth-gil'ad.
+
+5 And when he came, behold, the captains
+of the army were sitting; and he said, I have
+a word for thee, 0 captain. And Jehu said,
+For whom of all of us? And he said, For
+thee, 0 captain.
+
+6 And he arose, and went into the house:
+and he poured the oil on his head, and said
+unto him, Thus hath said the Lord the God of
+
+* The singular from Ramotli.
+
+^ As the upper garments of the orientals wore long
+auJ flowing, it was indispensably necessary to tuck up
+the skirts with a ginllc about their loins, in order to use
+any exiieditiuu in tiieir wuik, i)r on a journey.
+434
+
+
+Israel, I anoint thee as king over the people
+of the Lord, over Israel.
+
+7 And thou shalt smite the house of Achab
+thy master, that I may avenge the blood of
+my servants the prophets, and the blood of
+all the servants of the Lord, a,t the hand of
+Izebel.
+
+8 And the whole house of Achab shall
+perish: and I will cut off from Achab every
+male, and the guarded and fortified in Israel;
+
+9 And I will make the house of Achab
+like the house of Jerobo'am the son of Nebat,
+and like the house of Ba'sha the son of Achi-
+yah;
+
+10 And Izebel shall the dogs eat in the
+field of Yizre'el, with none to bury her. And
+he (then) opened the door, and fled.
+
+11 But Jehu came forth to the servants of
+his lord : and one said unto him, Is all well ?
+wherefore came this madman to thee? And
+he said unto them, Ye yourselves know the
+man, and his talk.
+
+12 And they said, It is false: only tell us,
+we pray thee. And he said. So and so did
+he speak to me, saying. Thus hath said the
+Lord, I anoint thee as king over Israel.
+
+13 Then they hastened, and they took
+every man his garment, and put it under him
+on the top'' of the stairs; and they blew the
+cornet, saying, Jehu is king.
+
+14 So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son
+of Nimshi conspired against Joram. (Now
+Joram had kept guard at Ramoth-giVad, he
+and all Israel, because of Chazael the king of
+Syria.
+
+15 But king Jehoram was returned to be
+healed in Yizre'el of the wounds which the
+Syrians had inflicted on him, when he was
+fighting with Chazael the king of Syria.) And
+Jehu said. If this be your mind, then let none
+that escapeth go forth out of the city to go
+to tell it in Yizre'el.
+
+16 So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to
+Yizre'el; for Joram was lying there. And
+Achazyah the king of Judah was come down
+to see Joram.
+
+17 And the watchman stood on the tower
+in Yizre'el, and he saw the company of Jehu
+
+" Jonathan, as though it read x'^::! ii': -\^yr\. Others,
+'•The young man, the prophet."
+
+'' Jonathan, "on the step of the sun-dial." Others,
+"on the bare steps." Perhaps, however, that the steps
+were so re instructed as to show the hours.
+
+
+2 KINGS IX. X.
+
+
+as he came; and he said, A compauy do I see.
+And Jehoram said, Take a horseman, and send
+out to meet them, and let him say. Is it
+peace ?
+
+18 So there went one riding on horseback
+to meet him, and said, Thus hath said the
+king. Is it peace? And Jehu said. What
+hast thou to do with peace? turn thee about
+behind me. And the watchman told, saying,
+The messenger came up to them, but he hath
+not returned.
+
+19 Then sent he out a second rider on
+horseback, who came to them, and said, Thus
+hath said the king. Is it peace? And Jehu
+answered. What hast thou to do with peace?
+turn thee about behind me.
+
+20 And the watchman told, saying, He
+came up to them, but he hath not returned :
+and the driving is like the driving of Jehu
+the sou of Nimshi ; for he driveth as though
+he were mad.
+
+21 And Jehoram said. Harness up. And
+his chariot was harnessed up. And Jehoram
+the king of Israel and Achazyaliu the king
+of Judah went out, each in his chariot, and
+they went out to meet Jehu, and found him
+in the portion of land of Naboth the Yiz-
+re'elite.
+
+22 And it came to pass, when Jehoram saw
+Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And
+he said, What jjeace can there be with the
+acts of incest of thy mother Izebel and her
+many witchcrafts ?
+
+23 And Jehoram turned about," and tied,
+andsaid to Achazyahu, Treachery, Achazj'ahu.
+
+24 And Jehu grasped'' the bow with his
+full strength, and struck Jehoram between
+his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart,
+and he sunk down in his chariot.
+
+2-5 Then said he to Bidkar his officer, Lift
+up, (and) cast him down in the part of the
+field that was Naboth's the Yizre'eHte ; for re-
+member how that I and thou rode alongside
+each other after Aehab his father, when the
+Lord pronounced over him this fatal decree:"
+
+26 Surely I have seen yesterday the blood
+of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith
+the Lord; and I will repay thee in this part
+of the field, saith the Lord. And now lift
+
+
+•Lit. "turned about bis b;iuds ;"
+reins of the horses with his hands.
+* Heb. "filled his hand with a bow."
+
+
+turniui: the
+
+
+up, (and) cast him down into the field, accord-
+ing to the word of the Lord.
+
+27 And when Achazyahu the king of Judah
+saw this, he fled by the way of the garden-
+house; but Jehu pursued after him, and said.
+Also him smite in the chariot. (And they
+did so) on the ascent to Gur, which is by
+Yible'am. And he fled to Megiddo, and died
+there.
+
+28 And his servants carried him in a cha-
+riot to Jerusalem, and buried him in his sepul-
+chre with his fathers in the city of David.
+
+29 ]f And in the eleventh year of Joram the
+son of Achab became Achazyah king over
+Judah.
+
+30 And Jehu came to Yizre'el ; and wlien
+Izel^el heard of it, she painted her eyes, and
+ornamented her head, and looked out at the
+window.
+
+31 And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she
+said. Is it peace, 0 Zimri, who hath shiin his
+master?
+
+32 And he lifted up his face to the window,
+and said, Who is on my side ? who ? And there
+looked out to him two or three chamberlains.
+
+33 And he said. Pitch her down. So they
+pitched her down : and some of her blood was
+sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses; and
+he trod her under foot.*
+
+34 And he came in, and ate and drank;
+and then said he, Look, I pray you, after this
+accursed one, and bury her; for she is a kings
+daughter.
+
+35 And they went to bury her; but they
+found nothing of her but the skull, and the
+feet, and the palms of the hands.
+
+36 And they returned, and told him ; and
+he said. It is the word of the Lord, which
+he spoke by means of his servant Elijah the
+Tishbite, saying, In the field of Yizre'el shall
+the dogs eat the flesh of Izebel :
+
+37 And the carcass of Izebel shall be us
+dung upon the face of the field in the portion
+of Yizre'el ; so tliat they shall not say. This is
+Izebel.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 T[ And Achab had seventy sons in Sa-
+maria. And Jehu wrote letters and sent them
+
+
+Lit. " bore over him this burden.''
+Philippson, freely, " and he drove on over her."
+
+435
+
+
+2 KINGS X.
+
+
+to Saniaria, uuto the rulers of Yizre'el, the
+elders, and to those that brought up Achab's
+children, saying,
+
+2 And" now as soon as this letter cometh
+to you, seeing that there are with 3'ou your
+master's sons, and there are with you the
+chariots and the horses, and the fortified city,
+and the armour:
+
+3 Select then the best and the most fitting
+of your master's sons, and set him on his
+father's throne, and fight for your master's
+house.
+
+4 But they were exceedingly much afraid,
+and said, Behold, the two kings could not
+stand before him : how then shall we be able
+to stand?
+
+5 And the superintendent over the house,
+and the commander over the city, and the
+elders, and the bringers up of the children,
+sent to Jehu, saying, We are thy servants,
+and all that thou mayest say unto us will we
+do; we will not set up any one as king: do
+what is good in thy eyes.
+
+6 Then wrote lie to them a letter the second
+time, saying. If ye be tor me, and if ye will
+hearken unto my voice, then take the heads
+of the men, your master's sons, and come
+to me to Yizre'el by this time to-morrow.
+Now the king's sons, seventy persons, were
+with the great men of the city, who brought
+them up.
+
+7 And it came to pass, when the letter
+came to them, that they took the king's sons
+and slaughtei'ed them, seventy persons, and
+put their heads in baskets, and sent them to
+him to Yizre'el.
+
+8 And the messenger came, and told him,
+saying. They have brought the heads of the
+king's sons. And he said. Place ye them in
+two heaps at the entrance of the gate until
+the morning.
+
+9 And it came to pass in the morning, tluit
+he went out, and stood, and said to all the
+people, Ye are righteous: behold, I conspired
+
+
+' Frc(|uently when letters or messages are quoted in
+the ISible, only the material parts referring to the narra-
+tive in hand arc recorded; hence the portion given, as
+here, fitly commences with and, the preceding part being
+omitted.
+
+*" i. e. Where the sheep were bound when they were
+Hhorn. Jonathan and Ilaslii, "where the .shepherds used
+to assemble." Zunz, ami Eng. ver., "shearing-house."
+
+' llednk, " It is. And if it be so, give nie thy hand," the
+436
+
+
+against my master, and slew him ; but who
+hath killed all these ?
+
+10 Know now that there shall not fall of
+the word of the Lord unto the earth, the
+least that the Lord hatli spoken concernii.g
+the house of Achab; and the Lord liath done
+that which he spoke by means of his servant
+Elijah.
+
+11 And Jehu smote all that yet remained of
+the house of Achab in Yizre'el, and all his
+great men, and his acquaintance, and his
+priests, until he had left him none that es-
+caped.
+
+12 And he arose and departed, and came
+to Samaria; he was just at the binding-house''
+of the shepherds, on the way :
+
+13 When Jehu met with the brothers of
+Achazjahu the king of Judah, and he said.
+Who are ye? And they said. The brothers
+of Achazyahu are we; and we are come down
+to salute the children of the king and the
+children of the queen.
+
+14 And he said, Seize them alive. And
+they seized them alive, and slaughtered them
+at the pit of the binding-house, two and forty
+men ; and he left not one of them remain-
+ing.
+
+15 Tf And he went away thence, and met
+Yehonadab the son of Rechab coming to mPet
+him: and he saluted him, and said to him. Is
+all right in thy heart, as my heart is with thy
+heart? And Yehonadab answered, It is; it
+is:" give me thy hand. And he gave him his
+hand; and he took him up to him into the
+chariot.
+
+IG And he said. Come with me, and behold
+my zeal for the Lord. So they made him ride
+in his chariot.
+
+17 And when he came to Samaria, he
+smote all that yet remained unto Acliab in
+Samaria, till he had exterminated him, accord
+ing to the word of the Lord which he had
+spoken to Elijah.
+
+18 *f\ And Jehu assembled all tlie people,
+
+
+first B'' being Ychonadab's answer, and the second t5"l the
+reply of Jehu. Our version is after Rashi. If the other
+idea be the correct one, Jehu asked for the hand of Ye-
+honadab the influential, not merely for the purpose of as-
+sisting him into the chariot, but that lie might give him
+an assurance that ho would aid him in the prosecution of
+his designs; for giving the hand is considered as a pledge
+of friendship and fidelity, (ir a form of entering into a
+contract, aniiing all nations,
+
+
+2 KINGS X
+
+ami said unto them, Aelial) liatli served Ba'al
+a little: Jehu will serve him much.
+
+10 And now call unto me all the prophets
+of Ba'al, all his worshippers, and all his
+priests: let no one be missing; for I have a
+great sacrifice to make for Ba'al ; whosoever
+will lie missing, shall not live. But Jehu did
+it in subtilty, in order to destroy the worship
+pers of Ba'al.
+
+20 And Jehu said, Sanctify a solemn as-
+sembly for Ba'al. And they proclaimed it.
+
+21 And Jehu sent throughout all Israel :
+and there came all the worshippers of Ba'al,
+so that there was not a man remaining that
+came not; and they came into the house of
+Ba'al; and the house of Ba'al was full from
+one end to another.
+
+22 And he said unto him that was over
+the wardrobe," Bring forth vestments for all
+the worshippers of Ba'al. And he brought
+forth for them the vestments.
+
+23 And Jehu went, wath Yehonadab the
+son of Rechab, into the house of Ba'al, and
+he said unto the worshippers of Ba'al, Seai'ch,
+and look that there be not here with you any
+of the servants of the Lord, but the worship-
+pei's of Ba'al entirely alone.
+
+24 And they went in to prepare sacrifices
+and burnt-oft'erings; Ijut Jehu had set for him-
+self without eighty men, and said, (If there
+be) a man that escapeth from the men whom
+I deliver into vour hands, (there shall he given)
+life'' for his life.
+
+25 And it came to pass, as soon as they had
+made an end of preparing the burnt-oflfering,
+that Jehu said to the runners and to the of-
+ficers. Go in, smite them: let none come
+forth. And they smote them with the edge
+of the sword; and the runners and the cap-
+tains cast them out, and went as far as the
+city'^ of the house of Ba'al.
+
+26 And they brought forth the statues
+out of the house of Ba'al, and burnt every
+one of them.
+
+27 And they broke down the statue of
+Ba'al, and broke down the house of Ba'al,
+and made it a common sewer unto this
+day.
+
+
+' Rashi, after Jonathan, "the one over the chests of the
+garments ;" i. e. the festive dress worn by the worshippers
+of Ba'al. Our version includes the idea of both the gar-
+ment and the place where they were kept.
+
+" Lit. "his life;" i'. e. the guard's who is at fault.
+
+
+XI.
+
+28 Thus Jt'lui exterminated Ba'al out of
+Israel.
+
+29 Nevertheless the sins of Jerobo'am the
+son of Neljat, who induced Israel to sin, Jehu
+departed not from in following them, (namely,)
+the golden calves that were in Beth-el, and
+that were in Dan.
+
+30 ^ And the Lord said unto Jehu, For-
+asmuch as thou hast acted well in doing
+what is right in my eyes, and hast done in
+accordance with all that was in my heart
+unto the house of Achab: children of the
+fourth generation after thee shall sit upon
+the throne of Israel.
+
+31 But Jehu took no heed to walk in the
+law of the Lord the God of Israel with all his
+heart : he departed not from the sins of Jero-
+bo'am, who induced Israel to sin.
+
+32 In those days the Lord began to cut
+Israel short;'' and Chazael smote them in all
+the boundary of Israel ;
+
+33 From the Joi'dan to the rising of the
+sun, all the land of Gil'ad, the Gadites, and
+the Reiibenites, and the Menassites, from
+'Aro'er which is by the river Arnon, both
+Gil'ad and Bashan.
+
+34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehu, and
+all that he did, and all his mighty deeds, be-
+hold, they are written in the book of the
+chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+3-j And Jehu slept with his fathers, and
+thev buried him in Samaria. And Jehoiichaz
+
+
+his son became king in his stead.
+
+And the time that Jehu reigned over
+
+
+36
+Israel
+vears.
+
+
+in Samaria was twenty and eioht
+
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+1 Tl And when 'Athalyah the mother of
+Achazyahu saw that her son was dead, she
+arose and destroyed all the seed royal.
+
+2 But Yehosheba', the daughter of king
+Joram, the sister of Achazyahu, took Joash
+the son of Achazyahu, and stole him away
+from among the king's sons that were slain,
+him and his nurse into the*" bed-chamber : and
+they hid him from 'Athalyah, so that he was
+not slain.
+
+
+' Perhaps the quarter where the priests lived.
+
+^ (". e. To cut of}", by means of the enemies, one piece
+of the land after the other; but Rashi, "to feel disgu.«t
+in Israel."
+
+• Where the officiating priests slept in the temple.
+
+437
+
+
+2 KINGS XI.
+
+
+3 And he was with her in the liouse of the
+Lord hidden for six years, while 'Athalyah
+was reigning over the land.
+
+4 ^ And in the seventh year Yehoyada'
+sent and fetched the rulers over the hundreds,
+of tlie guards" and the runners, and brought
+them to him into the house of the Lord, and
+made a covenant with them, and made them
+swear in the house of the Lord, and showed
+them the king's son.
+
+5 And he commanded them, saying, This
+is the thing that ye shall do : A third part of
+you that enter in on the sabbath shall even
+be keeping watch in the kings house;
+
+6 And a third part shall be at the gate of
+Sur; and a third part at the gate behind the
+runners; so shall ye keep watch at the house,
+as a defence.*
+
+7 And two parts of you all that are re-
+lieved'' on the sabbath, even they shall keep
+watch in the house of the Lord about the
+king.
+
+8 And ye shall encompass the king round
+about, every man with his weapons in his
+hand; and he that cometh within the ranges
+shall be put to death : and Ije ye with the
+kin"- when he goeth out and when he com-
+eth in.
+
+9 And the captains over the hundreds
+did in accordance with all that Yehoyada'
+the priest had commanded : and they took
+every man his men that came in on the sab-
+bath, with those that were to be relieved
+on the sabbath, and came to Yehoyada' the
+priest.
+
+10 And the priest gave to the captains
+over the hundred the spears and shields that
+had belonged to king David, that were in
+the house of the Lord.
+
+11 And the runners stood every man with
+his weapons in his hand, from the right side
+of the house to the left side of the house, by
+the altar and within, round about the king.
+
+12 And he brought forth the king's son,
+and put the crown upon him, and (gave him)
+the testimony,** and they made him king, and
+
+
+" Jonathan, N'13J "the mighty men."
+
+'' /unz render,'" nD3 "in armour." Others regard it as
+a proper name, Masnarh. Rashi, "that you become not
+in ittentive."
+
+'■ Lit. "the goers out." Every sabbath anew company
+each of priests, Levites, and Israelites, came and relieved
+those of the preceding week in the temple.
+
+
+anointed him; and they clapped their hands,
+and said. Long live the king.
+
+13 ][ And when 'Athalyah heard the noise
+of the runners" (and) of the people, she came
+to the people in the house of the Lord.
+
+14 And she looked, and, behold, the king
+stood upon a stand, according to custom, and
+the princes and the trumpeters were by the
+king, and all the people of the land were
+rejoicing, and blowing with trumpets: and
+'Athalyah then rent her clothes, and cried.
+Conspiracy ! conspiracy !
+
+15 But Yehoyada' the priest commanded
+the captains of the hundreds, the commanders
+of the army, and said unto them. Lead her
+forth to within the ranges : and him that fol-
+loweth her put to death with the sword. For
+the priest had said. She shall not he slain in
+the house of the Lord.
+
+16 And they made way for her;' and she
+went by the way of the entrance of the horses
+into the king's house : and she was put to
+death there.
+
+17 ^ And Yehoyada' made a covenant be-
+tween the Lord and between the king and
+between the people, that they should be a
+people imto the Lord; and between the king
+and between the people.
+
+18 And then came all the people of the
+land into the house of Ba'al, and pulled it
+down: his altars and his images they broke
+in pieces thoroughly, and Mattan the priest
+of Ba'al they slew before the altars. And
+the priest appointed superintendents"^ over
+the house of the Lord.
+
+19 And he took the chiefs over hundreds,
+and the guards, and the runners, and all the
+people of the land, and they brought down
+the king from the house of the Lord, and
+came by the way of the gate of the runners
+to the king's house : and he sat on the throne
+of the kings.
+
+20 And all the people of the land rejoiced,
+and the city was quiet; but 'Athalyah they
+had slain with the sword at the king's
+house.
+
+
+" After Rashi; i. e. "the book of the law." Others,
+"the royal insignia."
+
+' Jonathan, "of the people as they jliraped about."
+' Jonathan. Others, "they laid hands on her."
+8 Rashi comments, "as usual, for 'Athalyah had abo-
+lished all these." Others render, "he restored the of-
+ficers."
+
+
+2 KINGS Xli.
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+
+1" 1[ Seven years old was Jehoash when
+he became king.
+
+2 In the seventh year of Jehu became
+Jehoash king; and forty years did he reign
+in Jerusalem; and the name of his mother
+was Zibyah of Beer-sheba'.
+
+3 And Jehoash did what is right in tlie
+eyes of the Lord all liis days, that Yehoyada
+the priest instructed him.
+
+4 Only the high-places were not removed:
+the people as yet sacrificed and burnt incense
+on the high-places.
+
+o And Jehoash said to the priests, All the
+money of the dedicated things that may be
+brought into the house of the Lord, the
+money of ever}- one that passeth the number-
+ing, the money any man is valued at, and all
+the money that cometh into any man's heart
+to bring into the house of the Lord,
+
+6 The pi'iests shall take to themselves,
+every man from his acquaintance; and they
+sh.all repair the breaches of the house, where-
+soever any breach may be found.
+
+7 ^ But it happened, that in the three
+and twentieth year of king Jehoash the
+priests had not repaired the breaches of the
+house.
+
+8 Then called king Jehoash for Yehoyada'
+the priest, and the (other) priests, and he
+said unto them. Wherefore do ye not repair
+the breaches of the house? and now ye shall
+take no more money from your acquaint-
+ances, but ye shall give it up (at once) for the
+breaches of the house.
+
+9 And the priests consented neither to take
+any more money from the people, nor to re-
+pair the breaches of the liouse.
+
+10 But Yehoyada' the priest took a chest,
+and bored a hole in its lid, and he placed it
+beside the altar, on tlie right side as one
+cometh into the house of the Lord: and the
+priests that kept watch at the threshold put
+tlierein all the money, that was brouglit into
+the house of the Lord.
+
+11 And it happened, when the}^ saw that
+there was much money in the chest, that the
+king's scribe and the high-priest came up, and
+
+* This is, in the English version, verse 21 of chap. xi.
+'' According to Rashi. It might be given with "stew-
+ards." ' "Appointed in tiio houpr." — Pmr.Trpsox.
+
+
+they put up in bags, after having counted,
+the money that was found in the house of the
+Lord.
+
+12 And they gave the money, after it was
+counted, into the hands of those who over-
+looked'' the workmen, that liad been appoint-
+ed" as overseers of the house of the Lord : and
+they laid it out to the carpenters and to the
+Iiuiklers, that wrought on the house of tlie
+Lord,
+
+13 And to the masons, and the hewers of
+stone, and for the purchase of timber and
+hewn stones to repair the breaches of the
+house of the Lord, and for .all that was laid
+out for the house to repair it.
+
+14 Nevertheless there were not made for
+the house of the Lord bowls of silver, knives,
+basins, trumpets, all kinds of vessels of gold,
+or vessels of silver, from the money that was
+brought into the house of the Lord;
+
+15 But they gave it to those who over-
+looked the workmen, and they repaired there-
+with the house of tlie Lord.
+
+16 And they reckoned not with the men,
+into whose hand they delivered the money to
+give it to those who overlooked the workmen ;
+for they acted in good faith.
+
+17 The money for ti'espass-ofFerings* and
+the money for sin-offerings was not brought
+into the house of the Lord : it belonged to the
+priests.
+
+18 ][ At that time Chazael the king of Syria
+went up, and fought against Gath, and cap-
+tured it: and Chazael directed his face to go
+up against Jerusalem.
+
+19 Then took Jehoilsh the king of Judah
+all the hallowed things that Jehoshaphat,
+Jehoram, and Achazyahu, his fathers, the
+kings of Judah, had dedicated, and his own
+hallowed things, and all the gold that was
+found in tlie treasures of the house of the
+Lord, and in the king's house, and sent it to
+Chazael the king of Syria: and he withdrew
+from Jerusalem.
+
+20 And the rest of the acts of Jojish, and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in
+the book of the chronicles of the kings of
+Judah.
+
+21 And his .servants arose, .and formed a
+
+
+^ i. e. The remainder of money destined for the purchase
+of these sacrifices was given to the priests to buy tliere-
+with pnWic burnt-oiferings.- — Talmud Temurah.
+
+43\)
+
+
+2 KINGS Xil. XIII.
+
+
+conspiracy, and smote Joiish in Beth-niillo,
+which (lieth on the road) that goeth down to
+Silla.
+
+22 And Yozach.ar the son of Shini'ath, and
+Yehozabad the son of Shomer, his servants,
+smote him, and he died ; and they buried him
+with his fathers in the city of David: and
+Amazyah his son became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ^ In the three and twentieth year of
+Joash the son of Achazyahu the king of Judah
+became Jehoiichaz tlie son of Jeliu liing over
+Israel in Samaria (for) seventeen years.
+
+2 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, and followed the sins of Jerobo'am
+tlie son of Nebat, who induced Israel to sin:
+he departed not therefrom.
+
+3 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against Israel; and he gave them up into the
+hand of Chazael the king of Syria, and into
+the hand of Ben-hadad the sou of Chazael, all
+the time.
+
+4 And Jehoachaz besought the Lord; and
+the Lord hearkened unto him; for he saw
+the oppression of Israel, how the king of
+Syria oppressed them.
+
+5 (And the Lord gave Israel a deliverer,
+so that they came out from under the power
+of the Syrians: and the children of Israel'
+dwelt in their tents, as in times past.
+
+6 Nevertheless they departed not from the
+sins of the house of Jerobo'am, who induced
+Israel to sin, therein the people walked : and
+the Asherah' also remained standing in Sa-
+maria.)
+
+7 For*" he had left of people to Jelioilchaz
+none but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots,
+and ten thousand men on foot; for the king
+of Syria had destroyed them, and had made
+them like the dust at" threshing.
+
+8 Now the I'est of the acts of Jehoachaz,
+and all that he did, and his mighty deeds, be-
+liold, they are written in the book of the
+chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+9 And Jehoachaz slept with his fathers;
+and they buried him in Samaria : and Joiish
+his son became king in his stead.
+
+10 T[ In the thirty and seventh year of
+
+" Elsewhere rendered "grove."
+'■ "This 'for' refers to the end of ver.se 4." — Redak.
+° Arnheim, "which is trodden down."
+'' Iled;ik explains the difference in tlie phraseology to
+440
+
+
+Joiish the king of Judah became Jehojish the
+son of Jehoachaz king over Israel in Samaria,
+(for) sixteen years.
+
+11 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord; he departed not from all the sins
+of Jerobo'am the son of Nebat, who induced
+Israel to sin : therein he walked.
+
+12 And the rest of the acts of Joiish, and
+all that he did, and his mighty deeds where-
+with he fought against Amazyah the king of
+Judah, behold, they are written in the book
+of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+13 And Joiish slept with his fathers; and
+Jerobo'am sat^ upon his throne : and Joiish
+was buried in Samaria with the kings of Is-
+rael.
+
+14 ^ Now Elisha' was fallen sick of his
+sickness wliereof he had to die. And Joiish
+the king of Israel came down unto him, and
+wept over his face, and said, 0 my father, my
+fiither, the chariot of Israel, and their horse-
+men.'
+
+15 And Elisha' said unto him, Fetch a baw
+and arrows. And he fetched unto him a bow
+and arrows.
+
+16 And he said to the king of Israel, Place
+thy hand*^ upon the bow. And he placed his
+hand (upon it) : and Elisha' laid his hands
+upon the king's hands.
+
+17 And he said. Open the window east-
+ward. And he opened it. Then said Elisha',
+Shoot. And he shot. And he said. The ar-
+row of victory from the Lord, and the arrow
+of victory over Syria; and thou shalt smite
+the Syrians in Aphek, till they be consumed.
+
+18 And he said, Take the arrows. And
+he took them. And he said unto the king
+of Israel, Strike upon the ground. And he
+struck three times, and stopped.
+
+19 And tlie man of God was angry with
+him, and said, Thou shouldst have struck
+five or six times; then wouldst thou have
+smitten the Syrians till tliey had been con-
+sumed : whereas now thou shalt smite the
+Syrians three times.
+
+20 If And Elisha' died, and they buried
+him. And the predatory bands of the Moiib-
+ites frequently invaded the land at the com-
+ing in of the year.
+
+
+indicate that .Joiish appointed his son co-regent during
+his life.
+
+' See above, ij. 12.
+
+' Hell. "Cause tiiy hand to ride."
+
+
+2 KINGS XITI. XIV.
+
+
+21 IT And it cniiic fo jiass. as tlioy were
+burying' a man, that, beliold, they saw the
+band; and they oast down tlie man into the
+sepulchre of p]lisha": and as the man came,
+and touched the Ijones of Elisha', he reyived,
+and rose up on his feet.
+
+22 ^ But Chazael the king of Syria op-
+pressed Israel all the days of Jehoachaz.
+
+23 And the Lord became gracious unto
+them, and had mercy on them, and turned
+his regard unto them, because of his covenant
+with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would
+not destroy them, and he cast them not oft'
+from his ]n"esence even until now.*
+
+24 And Chazael the king of Syria died:
+and Ben-hadad his son became king in his
+stead.
+
+2o And Jeholish the son of Johoiichaz took
+again the cities out of the power of Ben-hadad
+the son of Chazael, which he had taken out
+of the power of Jehoachaz his father in the
+war. Three times did Joash beat him, and
+he recovered the cities of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ^ In the second year of Joiisli the son of
+Joilchaz the king of Israel became Amazjahu,
+the son of Joash the king of Judah,king.
+
+2 Twenty and fi\^e years was he old when
+he became king, and twenty and nine yeai'S
+did he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was Yeho'addan of Jerusalem.
+
+3 And he di<l what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, yet not like David his father : in
+accordance Avith all that Joiish his father had
+done, (so) did he.
+
+4 Nevertheless the liigli-places were not
+removed : as yet the people sacrificed and burnt
+incense on the high-places.
+
+5 And it came to pass, when the kingdom
+was firmly established in his hand, that he slew
+his servants who had slain the king his lather.
+
+G But the children of the murderers he
+put not to death : as it is written in the
+book of the law of Moses, that the Lord com-
+manded, saying, Tlie fathers shall not be put
+to death for the children, nor shall the chil-
+dren be put to death for the fathers : but every
+man shall be put to death for his own sin.''
+
+
+* {. e. The time of writing this book.
+' Deut. xxiv. 16; this proves that the law of Moses
+was known nt that time.
+
+3 F
+
+
+7 lie it was that smote of Edom in the
+valley of salt ten thousand men, and seized
+Sela'° in the war, and called its name Yok-
+theel until this day.
+
+8 ]| Then sent Amazyah messengers to
+Jehoash, the son of Jehoachaz the son of
+Jehu, the king of Israel, saying. Come, let us
+look one another in the face.''
+
+9 And Jehoash the king of Israel sent to
+Amazyahu the king of Judah, saying, The
+thornbush that was in the Lebanon sent to
+the cedar that was in the Lebanon, saying.
+Give thy daughter to my son for wife. And
+there passed along the wild lieasts that were
+in Lebanon, and trod down the thornbush.
+
+10 Thou hast indeed smitten Edom, and
+thy heart hath lifted thee up : keep thy glory
+and stay in thy house; and why wilt thou
+meddle with misfortune, that thou mayest
+fixll, thou, and Judah with thee?
+
+11 But Amazyahu would not hear. There-
+fore Jehoiish the king of Israel went up ; and
+he and Amazyahu the king of Judah looked
+one another in the face at Beth-shemesh,
+which belongeth to Judah.
+
+12 And Judah was defeated before Israel;
+and they fled every man to his tents.
+
+13 And Jehoash the king of Israel caught
+Amazyahu the king of Judah, the son of Je-
+hoash, the son of Achazyahu, at Betli-She-
+mesh; and he came to Jerusalem, and made a
+breach in the wall of Jerusalem from the gate
+of Ephraim unto the corner-gate, four hun-
+dred cubits.
+
+14 And he took all the gold and the silver,
+and all the vessels that were found in the
+house of the Lord, and in the treasures of the
+king's house, and the children of the chiefs
+as hostages, and returned to Samaria.
+
+15 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoash
+which he did. and his mighty deeds, and how
+he fought with Amazyahu the king of Judah,
+behold, they are written in the book of the
+chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+16 And Jehoash slept with his fathers, and
+was buried in Samaria with the kings of
+Israel: and Jerobo'am his son became king in
+his stead.
+
+17 ^ And Amazyahu the son of Joash the
+
+° Lit. "the Rock," i. e. the city of Petra, nitpa, so called
+by the Greeks, also signifying roc/^-.
+^ i. e To fight.
+
+^ HI
+
+
+2 KINGS XIV. XV.
+
+
+king jf Judali lived after the deatli of Jehoiish,
+the son of Jehoachaz the king of Israel, fifteen
+years.
+
+18 And the re.st of the acts of Amazyahu,
+behold, they are written in the book of the
+chronicles of the kings of Judah.
+
+19 Now they raised a conspiracy against
+him in Jerusalem : wherefore he fled to
+Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish,
+and slew liim there.
+
+20 And they brought him on horses: and
+he was buried at Jerusalem with his fathers
+in the city of David.
+
+21 And all the people of Judah took
+'Azaryah," who was sixteen years old. and
+they made him king instead of his father
+Amazyahu.
+
+22 He it was that built'' Elath, and brou2rht
+it l^ack to Judah, after the king" slept with
+his lathers.
+
+23 ^ In the fifteenth year of Amazyahu
+the son of Joash the king of Judah became
+Jerobo'am the son of Joiish the king of Israel
+king in Samaria, (for) forty and one years.
+
+24 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord : he departed not from all the sins
+of Jerobo'am the son of Nebat, who induced
+Israel to sin.
+
+25 He restored* the boundary of Israel
+from the entrance of Chamath unto the sea
+of the plain ; in accordance with the word of
+of the Lord God of Israel, which he had
+spoken by means of his servant Jonah tlie
+son of Amitthai, the prophet, who was of Gath-
+chejjher.
+
+26 For the Lord saw the atlliction of Israel,
+which was very bitter; that the guarded was
+no more, and that the fortified was no more,
+and there was no helper for Israel.
+
+27 And the Lord had not spoken that he
+would blot out the name of Israel from under
+the heavens ; but he lielped them by means of
+Jerobo'am the son of Joiish.
+
+28 Now the rest of the acts of Jerobo'am,
+
+' Also called ' (Jzziyali or ' Uz'iynhu.
+^ Built, ill this verse, simply means restored, or enlarged
+and fortified.
+
+° i. e. Amazyahu.
+His father recovered the east-Jordanic country from
+the Syrians; but he the tract extending from Coelesyria
+and Damascus to the Dead Sea.
+
+" These places belmiged to Judah by David's conquest,
+('1 Sam.viii. 11,) but had been repos>e.ssed by the Syrians.
+'To reeoiicile the ehronology, some suppose an inter-
+41i
+
+
+and all that be did, and his mighty deeds, how
+he warred, and how he brought back Damascuf:
+and Chamath, (which had belonged) to" Ju-
+dah, to Israel, behold, they are written in the
+book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+29 And Jerobo'am slept with liis fathers,
+with the kings of Israel: and Zechariah his
+son became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ In the twenty and seventh year of Je-
+robo'am the king of Israel became 'Azar\ ah.
+the son of Amazyah^ king of Judah, king.
+
+2 Sixteen years old was he when he became
+king, and two and fifty years did he reign
+in Jerusalem. And liis mother's name was
+Yecholyahu of Jerusalem.
+
+3 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, in accordance with all that Amaz-
+yahu his father had done;
+
+4 Nevertheless the high-places were not
+removed: as yet the people sacrificed and burnt
+incense on the high-places.
+
+5 And the Lord afllicted the king with
+leprosy, and he was a leper unto the day of
+his death, and he dwelt in the leper-house.'
+And Jotham the king's son was over the
+house, (and) judged the people of the land.
+
+6 And the rest of the acts of 'Azaryahu, and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in the
+book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.
+
+7 And 'Azaryah slept with his fathers;
+and they buried him with his fathers in the
+city of David: and Jotham his son became
+king in his stead.
+
+8 ][ In the thirty and eighth 3-ear of 'Azar-
+yahu the king of Judah became Zechariah
+the son of Jerobo'am king over Israel in Sa-
+maria (for) six months.
+
+9 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, as his fiithers had done: he depart-
+ed not from the sins of Jerobo'am the son of
+Nebat, who induced Israel to sin.
+
+10 And Shallum the son of Yabesh con-
+
+regnum of eleven years ; others, that a part of the reign
+of 'Azaryah was in his fother's lifetime. (See above, verse
+22.)
+
+• n'tysn means, literally, "freedom;" hence the house
+of freedom, so called, no doubt, because its inmates were
+relieved from all labour. Jonathan, simply, " and he
+dwelt outside of Jerusalem," describing the situation of
+the house more than translating the word. Philipps^iu,
+"in a ."ieeluded house." Eng. vcr. "scver.il house." Lit.
+•' the house of scclu.sion "
+
+
+2 KINGS XV.
+
+
+spired against him. ami smote bim before the
+jjeople, and put him to death, and became
+king in his stead.
+
+11 And tlie rest of tlie acts of Zechariah,
+beliold, they are written in the book of the
+chronicles of tlie kinas of Israel.
+
+12 This was the word of the Lord which
+he spoke unto Jehu, saying, Sons of the fourth
+generation shall sit after thee on the throne
+of Israel. And so it came to pass.
+
+13 ^[ Sballum the son of Yabesh became
+king in the nine and thirtieth year of 'Uzzi-
+yah the king of Judah ; and he reigned for the
+space of one month in Samaria.
+
+14 Then went up Menachem the son of Gadi
+from Thirzah, and came to Samaria, and smote
+Shallura the son of Yabesh in Samaria, and
+put him to death, and became king in his stead.
+
+15 And the rest of the acts of Shallum,
+and his conspiracy which he made, behold,
+they are written in the book of the chronicles
+of the kings of Israel.
+
+16 ^ At that time did Menachem smite
+Thiphsach, and all that was therein, and its
+territory from'" Thirzah; because they opened
+not to him, he smote it; and all the pregnant
+women therein he ripped up.
+
+17 ^ In the nine and thirtieth year of
+'Azaryah the king of Judah became Mena^
+chem the son of Gadi king over Israel, (for)
+ten years, in Samaria.
+
+18 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord: he departed not from the sins of
+Jerobo'am the son of Nebat, who induced Is-
+rael to sin, all his days.
+
+19 (Then) came Pul the king of Assyria
+aaainst the land : and Menachem o;ave Pul a
+tliousand talents of silver, that his hand''
+might be with him to strengthen the kingdom
+in his hand.
+
+20 And Menachem exacted" the money
+from all Israel, from all the mighty men of
+the army, to give to the king of Assyria, fifty
+sliekels of silver from every nran ; and the
+king of Assyria then returned and stayed not
+there in the land.
+
+21 And the rest of the acts of Menachem,
+
+" Meaning, " setting out from Thirzah." Zuuz, after
+Ralbag, " its boundaries toward Thirzah." Kodak thinks
+that Thiphsach was outside of Palestine, (see 1 Kings v.
+4;) while others again suppose it to have been a place
+in Palestine not mentioned elsewhere.
+
+" i e. To assist him against any revolt of the people.
+
+
+and all that he did.
+
+
+Deiioiu
+
+
+they are written
+
+
+in the book of the chronicles of the kings of
+Israel.
+
+22 And Menachem slept with his fathers;
+and Pekachyah his son became king in his
+stead.
+
+23 ^ In the fiftieth year of 'Azaryah the
+king of Judah became Pekachyah the son of
+Menachem king over Israel in Samaria, (for)
+two years.
+
+24 And he did what is evil in the eyes
+of the Lord : he departed not from the sins of
+Jerobo'am the son of Nebat, who induced Is-
+rael to sin.
+
+25 And Pekach the son of Remalyahu, an
+ofiicer of his, conspired against him, and smote
+him in Samaria, in the fortress of the king's
+house, with the aid of Argob and the Aryeh,**
+and* with him were fifty men of the children
+of the Gil'adites : and he put him to death,
+and became king in his stead.
+
+26 And the rest of the acts of Pekachyah, '
+and all that he did, behold, they are written
+in the book of the chronicles of the kings of
+Israel.
+
+27 T[ In the fifty-second year of 'Azar-
+yah the king of Judah became Pekach the
+son of Remalyahu king over Israel in Samaria,
+(for) twenty years.
+
+28 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord: he departed not from the sins of
+Jerobo'am the son of Nebat, who induced Is-
+rael to sin.
+
+29 In the days of Pekach the king of Is-
+rael came Tiglath-pilesser the king of Assyria,
+and took 'lyon, ;ind Abel-beth-ma'achah, and
+Yanoach, and Kedesh, and Chazor, and Gil-
+'ad, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and
+led them" away as exiles to Assyria.
+
+30 And Hoshea' the son of Elah made a
+conspiracy against Pekach the son of Remal-
+yahu, and smote him, and put him to death,
+and became king in his stead, in the twentieth
+year of Jotham the son of 'Uzziyah.
+
+31 And the rest of the acts of Pekach, and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in the
+book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
+
+° Heb. "caused to come forth."
+
+^ After Redak and Ralbag, who take Argob and Arych
+for two brave men who joined Pekach. The Aryeh
+would denote that it was a name given him for his
+bravery, as the lion-hearted.
+
+' i. e. The inhabitants of the towns and districts.
+
+as
+
+
+2 KINGS XV. XVI.
+
+
+?/2, ^ In the second j-par of Pekacli the
+son of Remaljahu the king of Israel became
+Jotham,the son of 'Uzziyah the king of Judah,
+king.
+
+1 oo Five and twenty years okl ^vas he when
+he became king, and sixteen years did he reign
+in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was
+Yerusha, the danirhter of Zadok.
+
+34 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord: in accordance with all that 'Uzzi-
+yahu his father had done, (so) did he.
+
+35 Nevertheless, the high-places wei'e not
+removed : as yet the people sacriticed and burnt
+incense on the high-places. He it was that
+built the upper gate of the house of the Lord.
+
+36 Now the rest of the acts of Jothara, and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in
+the book of the chronicles of the kings of
+Judah.
+
+37 ^ In those days began the Lord to send
+against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, and
+Pekach the son of Remalyahu.
+
+38 And Jotham slept with his fathers, and
+was buried with his fathers in the city of
+David his father: and Acliaz his son became
+king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ^ In the seventeenth year of Pekach the
+son of Remalyahu, ))ecame Achaz, the son of
+Jotham the king of Judah, king.
+
+2 Twenty years old was Achaz when he
+l^ecame king, and sixteen 3'ears did he reign in
+Jerusalem ; and he did not what is right in
+the eyes of the Lord his God, like David his
+father.
+
+3 But he walked in the way of the kings
+of Israel, and even his son he caused to pass
+through the fire, after the aliominable acts of
+the nations whom the Lord had driven out
+from before the children of Israel.
+
+4 And he sacrificed and burnt incense on
+the high-places, and on the hills, and under
+every green tree.
+
+5 Then came up Rezin the king of Syria
+and Pekach the son of Remalyahu the king of
+Israel to Jerusalem to war: and they besieged
+Achaz, but were not able to make an attack."
+
+
+• i. e. Capture the city, lit. "to fifrht."
+' Tlii.s is tlie first time the word I'rhuilini, Jcw.s, occur.^
+in the ]?ihle.
+
+° Tlie K'-'tih i.s Aromim, i. e. Syrians,
+Hi
+
+
+G ^ At that time did Rezin the king of
+Syria bring Elath back to Syria, and drove
+the Jews'' from Eloth : and the Edoraeans"
+came to Elath and dwelt there, even until this
+day.
+
+7 And Achaz then sent messengers to Tig-
+lath-pi lesser"* the king of Assyria, saying. Thy
+servant and thy son am I: come up, and
+help me out of the hand of the king of Syria,
+and out of the hand of the king of Israel, who
+rise up against me.
+
+8 And Achaz took the silver and the gold
+that were found in the house of the Lord, and
+in the treasures of the king's house, and sent
+(the same) to the king of Assyria as a bribe.
+
+9 And the king of Assyria hearkened unto
+him; and the king of Assyria went np against
+Damascus, and captured it, and led (the peo-
+ple of) it away captive to Kir, and Rezin did
+he put to death.
+
+10 And King Acliaz went to meet Tiglath-
+pilesser the king of Assyria to Damascus,'
+and he saw the altar that was at Damascus:
+and king Achaz then sent to Uriyali the
+priest the form of the altar, and its pattern,
+after all its workmanship.
+
+11 And Uriyah the priest built the altar;
+in accordance with all that king Achaz had
+sent from Damascus, so did Uriyah the priest
+make it against the arrival of king Achaz
+from Damascus.
+
+12 And when the king came from Damas
+cus, the king saw the altar; and the king ap
+proached to the altar and oflbred thereon.
+
+13 And he burnt his burnt-offering and
+his meat-offering, and poured out his drink-
+olfering, and sprinkled the blood of his j^eace
+offerings' upon the altar.
+
+14 And as respecteth the copper altar
+which was before the Lord, he moved it back
+from tlie forefront of the house, from between
+the altar* and the house of the Lord, and set
+it on the side of the altar to the north.
+
+15 And king Achaz commanded Uriyah
+the priest, saying. Upon the great altar burn
+the morning burnt-oftering, and the evening
+meat-offering, and the king's burnt-ofiering,
+and his meat-offering, with the burnt-offering
+
+
+^ In Hebrew, the name is spelled here Plcsser.
+' The name is spelled here Dummcssck instead of A(?;i
+wics.s'e/t".
+
+' rieb. "the peace-ofiFerings whicli were his."
+« )'. r. The new altar.
+
+
+2 KINGS XVI. XVII.
+
+
+of all the people of tlie land, and their meat-
+offei-ing, and their drink-offerings; and all the
+blood of the burnt-offering, and all the blood
+of the sacrifices shalt thou sprinkle on it; and
+the copper altar shall be for nie to visit oc-
+casionally."
+
+IG And Uriyali the priest did in accord-
+ance with all that king Achaz had com-
+manded.
+
+17 And king Achaz cut off the borders of
+the bases, and removed the lavers from off
+them ; and the sea he took down from off the
+copper oxen that were under it, and placed it
+upon a pavement of stones.
+
+18 And the covered passage for the sabbath
+that they had built on the house, and the
+outer king's entrance, turned he from the
+house of the Lord, on account** of the king of
+Assyria.
+
+19 Now the rest of the acts of Achaz which
+he did, behold, they are written in the book
+of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.
+
+20 And Achaz slept with his fathers, and
+was buried with his fathers in the city of
+David: and Ilezekiah" his son became king
+in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 ^ In the twelfth year of Achaz the king
+of Judah became Hoshea' the son of Elah
+king in Samaria over Israel, (for) nine years.''
+
+2 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, but not like the kings of Israel that
+were before him.
+
+o Against him came up Shalmanesser the
+king of Assyria ; and Hoshea" became his ser-
+vant, and rendered him tribute.
+
+4 And the king of Assyria discovered a
+conspiracy on Hoshea'; for he had sent mes-
+sengers to So the king of Egypt, and had
+raised no tribute for the king of Assyria, as
+(before) year by year; and the king of Assyria
+made him prisoner, and shut him up in a
+prison-hou.se.
+
+5 And the king of Assyria came up over
+
+
+" Rashi. Lit. "to seek," "to visit," "to inquire."
+Philippsou, " but to seek the brazen altar shall depend
+on my will."
+
+'' As some suggest, Achaz made all the various changes,
+the object and manner of which are not clearly understood,
+to please the Assyrians, to render his worship like theirs;
+or for the purpose of personal security in the palace.
+
+' Correctly, Chkki^ahit
+
+
+all the land, and went up to Samaria, and be-
+sieged it three years.
+
+6 In the ninth 3-ear of Hoshea' did the king
+of Assyria capture Samaria, and he led Israel
+away as exiles into Assyria, and settled them
+in Chalach and in Chabor" by the river of Go-
+zan, and in the cities of Media.
+
+7 ][ This took place, because the children of
+Israel had sinned against the Lord their God,
+who had brought them up out of the land of
+Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh the
+king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,
+
+8 And had walked in the customs of the
+nations whom the Lord had driven out from
+before the children of Israel, and in those of
+the kings of Israel, which they had made.
+
+9 And (because) the children of Israel had
+secretly done things that are not right against
+the Lord their God, and had built them.selves
+high-places in all their cities, from the tower
+of the watchmen up to fortified cities ;
+
+10 And had set themselves up statues and
+groves on every high hill, and under every
+green tree ;
+
+11 And had burnt there incense on all the
+high-places, like the nations that the Lord
+had led away exiles before them ; and wrought
+wicked things to provoke the Lord to anger ;
+
+12 And had served the idols, whereof the
+Lord had said unto them, Ye shall not do
+this thing.
+
+13 The Lord had indeed warned Israel
+and Judah, by means of all the prophets, all
+the seers, saying. Turn ye back from your
+evil ways, and keep my conunandments (and)
+my statutes, in accordance with all the law
+which I commanded your fathers, and which
+I have sent to 3'ou by means of" my servants
+the prophets.
+
+14 But they would not hear, and hardened
+their neck, like the neck of their fathers,
+who had not believed in the Lord their God ;
+
+15 And they despised his statutes, and
+his covenant which he had made with their
+fathers, and his testimonies^ which he had en-
+
+
+^ Some reconcile the chronology, by supposing that
+Hoshea', after the murder of Pekach, was only governoi
+under Tiglath-Pilesser for about ten years.
+
+" Ilerxheimer, "on the Chabor," stating it to be a
+river in Assyria east of the Tigris.
+
+' Philippson,"and his warning with which he Ii:id warn-
+ed then)."
+
+Hi
+
+
+2 KING8 XVII.
+
+
+trusted to them; and they followed after
+what is vanity, and became vain, and fol-
+lowed after the nations that were round about
+them, concerning whom the Lord had charged
+them, not to do like them.
+
+10 And they forsook all the command-
+ments of the Lord their God, and made them-
+selves molten images, two calves, and made a
+grove, and bowed down to all the host of
+the heavens, and served Ba'al;
+
+17 And they caused their sons and their
+daughters to pass through the fire, and used
+divinations and enchantments, and sold them-
+selves to do what is evil in the eyes of the
+Lord, to provoke him to anger.
+
+IS Therefore became the Lord very angry
+with Israel, and he removed them from his
+presence : there was none left but the tribe
+of Judah alone.
+
+19 Also Judah kept not the command-
+ments of the Lord their God, but walked in
+the customs of Israel which they had made.
+
+20 Therefore did the Lord reject all the
+seed of Israel, and he afflicted them, and gave
+them up into the hand of spoilers, until that
+he had cast them out of his presence.
+
+21 For Israel had torn themselves from the
+house of David, and they made Jerobo'am the
+son of Nebat king: and Jerobo'am misled
+Israel from following the Lord, and caused
+them to commit a great sin;
+
+22 And the children of Israel walked in
+all the sins of Jerobo'am which he did ; they
+departed not therefrom.
+
+23 Until that the Lord removed Israel out
+of his presence, as he had spoken by means of
+all his servants the prophets; and Israel was
+led away as exiles out of their own land to As-
+syria even until this day.
+
+24 ^ And the king of Assyria brought
+(men) from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and
+from 'Avva, and from Chamath, and from
+Sepharvayim, and settled them in the cities
+of Samaria in the room of the children of Is-
+rael : and they took possession of Samaria, and
+dwelt in its cities.
+
+25 And it happened at. the beginning of
+their dwelling there, that they feared not the
+Lord; wherefore the Lord sent among them
+lions, which slew some of them.
+
+
+' This means, probably, the followers of the priest, as no
+
+Joubt it required more than one to teach so many.
+448
+
+
+26 And they said to the king of Assyria,
+as foUoweth, The nations that thou hast led
+away, and settled in the cities of Samaria,
+know not the manner of the God of the land;
+wherefore he hatli sent among them lions,
+and, behold, they are slaying them, since
+they know not the manner of the God of the
+land.
+
+27 Then commanded the king of Assyina,
+saying, Carry thither one of the ^jriests whom
+ye led away from there; and let them' go
+and dwell there, and let him teach them the
+manner of the God of the land.
+
+28 And there came one of the priests whom
+they had led away as exiles from Samaria, and
+dwelt in Beth-el; and he taught them how
+they should fear the Lord.
+
+29 Yet they made, every nation, their own
+gods; and they put them in the houses of
+the high-places which the Samaritans had
+made, every nation in their cities wherein
+they dwelt.
+
+30 And the men of Babylon made Siiccoth-
+benoth, and the men of Cuth made Neregal.
+and the men of Chamath made Ashima.
+
+31 And the 'Avvites made Nibchaz and
+Tharthak, and the Sepharvites burnt their
+children in fire to 'Adrammelech and 'Anam-
+melech, the gods of Sephar\ayim.
+
+32 And they feared (also) the Lord; and
+they made unto themselves of the lowest*" of
+them priests of the high-places, and these sacri-
+ficed for them in the houses of the high-places.
+
+33 The Lord did they fear, and their own
+gods did they serve, after the manner of the
+nations whence they had been led away.
+
+34 Even until this day do they act after
+the former manners : they fear not the Lord,
+neither do they act after their own customs,
+and after their manner, nor after the law and
+after the commandment which the Lord com-
+manded the children of Jacob, whose name
+he styled Israel;
+
+35 With whom the Lord had made a cove-
+nant, and charged them, saying, Ye shall not
+fear other gods, nor bow yourselves down to
+them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them ;
+
+36 But the Lord, who hath brought }ou
+up out of the land of Lgypt with great might
+and with an outstretched arm, him aloneshall ye
+
+
+■■ Philippson renders,
+1 Kings sii. 31.
+
+
+'from their whole mass," as in
+
+
+2 KINGS XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+fear, and to him shall ye bow yourselves
+down, and to him shall ye sacrifice;
+
+37 And the statutes, and the ordinances,
+and the law, and the commandment, which
+he hath written for you, shall ye observe to
+do for all time; and ye shall not fear other
+gods.
+
+38 And the covenant that I have made
+with you shall ye not forget; and ye shall
+not fear other gods.
+
+31) But the Lord your God shall ye fear;
+and he will deliver you out of the hand of
+all your enemies.
+
+40 Nevertheless they have not hearkened,
+but they act after their former manner.
+
+41 So were these nations, while they feared
+the Lord, also serving their graven images;
+and both their children and their children's
+children do until this day as their fathers
+have done."
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 ^[ And it came to pass in the third year
+of Hosliea' the sou of Elah the king of Israel,
+that Hezekiah, the son of Acliaz the king of
+Judah, became Icing.
+
+2 Twenty and live years old was he when
+he became king, and twenty and nine years
+did he reign in Jerusalem ; and his mother's
+name was Abi, the daughter of Zechariah.
+
+3 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, in accordance with all that David
+his father had done.
+
+4 He it was that removed the high-
+places, and broke the statues, and cut down
+the groves, and stamped in pieces the copper
+serpent that Moses had made ; for unto those
+days were the children of Israel burning in-
+cense to it : and he called it Nechushtan.''
+
+5 In the Lord the God of Israel did he trust;
+and after him there was not his like amons;
+all the kings of Judah, nor among those that
+were before him.
+
+6 And he adhered to the Lord, and turned
+not away from following him ; but he kept his
+commandments, which the Lord had com-
+manded Moses.
+
+7 And the Lord was with him; whither-
+
+* Ilerxheimer comments, "from the exile of the ten
+tribes till that of Babylon," when no doubt this book was
+written.
+
+*■ Kashi and otliers suppose that IJczckiah called it so,
+
+
+soever he went forth he prospered: and he
+rebelled against the king of Assyria, and
+served him not.
+
+8 He it was that smote the Philistines, as
+far as Gazzah.and its territory, from the tower
+of the watchmen up to the ibrtified city.
+
+9 ][ And it came to pass in the fourth year
+of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year
+of Iloshea' the son of Elah the king of Israel,
+that Shalmanesser the king of Assyria came
+up against Samaria, and besieged it.
+
+10 And they captured it at the end of
+three years, — in the sixth year of Hezekiah,
+that is the ninth year of Hoshea' the king of
+Israel, was Samaria captured.
+
+11 And the king of Assyria led away Is-
+rael as exiles unto Assyria, and transported
+them to Chalach and to Chabor, by the river
+of Gozan, and to the cities of Media;
+
+12 Because they had not obeyed the voice
+of the Lord their God, but had transgressed
+his covenant, all that Moses the servant of
+the Lord had commanded; and had not obey-
+ed, nor done accordingly.
+
+13 ^ And in the Iburteenth year of king
+Hezekiah did Sennacheril/ the king of Assyria
+come up against all the fortified cities of
+Judah, and seized on them.
+
+14 And Hezekiah the king of Judah sent
+to the king of Assyria to Lachish, saying, I
+have sinned; retire from me: what thou wilt
+impose on me will I bear. And the king of
+Assyria exacted I'rom Hezekiah the king of
+Judah three hundred talents of silver and
+thirty talents of gold.
+
+15 And Hezekiuli gave up all the silver
+that was found in the house of the Lord, and
+in the treasures of the king's house.
+
+16 At that time did Hezekiah cut ofi^ (the
+gold from) the doors of the temple of the
+Lord, and from the door-sills which Hezekiah
+the king of Judah had overlaid, and gave the
+same to the king of Assyria.
+
+17 ][ And the king of Assyria sent Thar-
+than and Ral>sariss and Rabshakeh from
+Lachish to king Hezekiah with a strong army
+against Jerusalem. And they went up and
+came to Jerusalem; and when they were
+
+
+signifying, "it is but a piece of copper;" but Zunz and
+others translate, "and people called," &e., i. e. the nanii/
+under which it was worshipped.
+° Corrcctlvj Sancherib,
+
+iil
+
+
+2 KINGS XVIII.
+
+
+come up, they came and halted by the aque-
+duct of the upper pool, which is on the high-
+way of the washer's field."
+
+18 And they called for the king, when
+there came out to them Elyakim the son of
+Chilkiyahu, who was superintendent over the
+house, and Shebnah the scribe, and Yotlch
+the son of Assaph the recorder.
+
+19 And Eabshakeh said unto them, Say
+ye now to Hezekiah, Thus hath said the great
+king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is
+this wheiewith thou hast trusted ?
+
+20 Thou saidst, but'' it was onl}' a word
+uttered with the lips, (I have) counsel and
+strength for the war. Now on whom didst
+thou trust, that thou rebelledst against me?
+
+21 Now, behold, thou triisteds.. :n3e upon
+yon cracked reed-staft', upon Egypt, which, if a
+man lean on it, will enter into his hand, and
+pierce it: so is Pharaoh the king of Egypt
+unto all that trust on him.
+
+22 But if ye should say unto me. In the
+Lord our God have we trusted : is he not the
+one whose high-places and whose altars Heze-
+kiah hath removed, when he said to Judah
+and to Jerusalem, Before this altar shall ye
+prostrate yourselves in Jerusalem?
+
+23 And now, I pray thee, enter into a con-
+test with my master the king of Assyria, and I
+will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be
+able on thy part to set riders upon them.
+
+24 How then wilt thou turn Isack the face
+of a single chieftain among the least of my
+master's servants, while thou hast put thy
+trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?
+
+25 Now am I come up without the Lord ('s
+will) against this place to destroy it? The
+Lord hath said to me. Go up against this land,
+and destroy it.
+
+26 Then said Elyakim the son of Chilki-
+yahu, and Shebnah, and Yo'ach, unto Eabsha-
+keh, Speak, we pray thee, to thy servants in
+the Syi'ian language; for we understand it:
+and speak not with us in the Je^vish language
+before the ears of the people that are on the wall.
+
+27 But Kabshakeh said unto them, Hath
+my master then sent ine to thy master, and
+to thee, to speak these words? is it not rather
+
+
+» Others, "fuller's field."
+
+'' Kiifilii eimiineiits, "Tlum Ijast .said till imw, Iwill not
+serve! the king of Assyria; but this was mere boasting
+while he came not from his place : but now it requires
+448
+
+
+Lo the men who sit on the wall, that they
+may eat their own excrement, and drink their
+own urine with you?
+
+28 Then stood Rabshakeh up and called
+out with a loud voice in the Jewish language,
+and spoke, and said. Hear ye the word of the
+great king, the king of Assyria:
+
+29 Thus hath said the king, Let not Heze-
+kiah deceive you ; for he will not be able to
+deliver you out of his hand;
+
+30 Neither let Hezekiah induce you to
+trust in the Lord, saying, The Lord will surely
+deliver us, and this city will not be given up
+into the hand of the king of Assyria:
+
+31 Hearken not to Hezekiah ; for thus hath
+said the king of Assyria, Make a treaty of
+peace with me, and come out to me, and eat
+ye every man of liis own vine, and every man
+of his tig-tree, and drink ye every man the
+waters of his cistern ;
+
+32 Until I come and take you away to a
+land like your own land, a land of corn and
+wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land
+of oil-olive trees, and of honey, that ye may
+live, and not die; and hearken not unto Heze-
+kiah; for'' he will mislead you, saying. The
+Lord will deliver us.
+
+33 Have the gods of the nations delivered
+in anj'wise each his land out of the hand of
+the king of Assyria?
+
+34 Where are the gods of Chamath, and
+of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvayim,
+Hena', and 'Ivvah? have they'' then delivered
+Samaria out of my hand ?
+
+35 Who are they among all the gods of
+the countries, that have delivered their coun-
+try out of my hand, that the Lord should de-
+liver Jerusalem out of my hand ?
+
+30 But the people remained silent, and
+answered him not a w^ord; for it was the
+king's command, saying, Ye shall not answer
+him.
+
+37 Then came Elyakim the son of Ghilki-
+yah, who was superintendent over the liou.se,
+and Shelfuah the scribe, and Yolich the son of
+Assaph the recorder, to Hezekiah with their
+clothes rent; and they told unto him the words
+of Eabshakeh.
+
+
+counsel and .strength for the war." Zunz, " Weauest thou,
+that only a wonl of the lijis is counsel," &c.
+
+° Others, "when he wishes to persuade," &c.
+
+'' /'. e. The godsof iSanuiria. o is b'>re given with then.
+
+
+2 KINGS XIX.
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 And it came to pass, when king Hozekiah
+heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered
+himself with sackcloth, and went into the
+house of the Lord.
+
+2 And he sent Elyakim, who was superin-
+tendent over the house, and Shebnah the
+scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered
+with sackcloth, to Isaiah" the prophet the son
+of Amoz.
+
+3 And they said unto him. Thus hath said
+Ilezekiah, A day of trouble, and of rebuke,
+and derision is this day ; for the children are
+come to the birth, and there is not strength
+to bring forth.
+
+4 Perhaps the Lokd thy God will hear all
+the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of
+Assyria his master hath sent to blaspheme
+the living God ; and who hath reproached with
+the words which the Lokd thy God hath
+heard : wherefore lift up a prayer in behalf of
+the remnant that is still found here.
+
+5 And the servants of king Ilezekiah came
+to Isaiah.
+
+6 And Isaiah said unto them, Tlius shall
+ye say to your master, Thus hath said the
+Lord, Be not afraid because of the words
+which thou hast heai'd, with which the bo^s
+of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.
+
+7 Behold, I will put an (other) spirit in
+him, that when he will hear a rumour, he
+shall return to his own land; and I will cause
+him to fall by the sword in his own land.
+
+8 And Rabshakeh returned, and tbund
+the king of Assyria warring against Libnah ;
+for he had heard that he was departed from
+Lachish.
+
+9 And he heard it said of Thirhakah the
+king of Ethiopia, Behold, he is come out to
+fight with thee; and he again sent messengers
+unto Hezekiah, saving,
+
+10 Thus shall ye say to Hezekiah the king
+of Judah, as followeth. Let not thy God in
+whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, Je-
+rusalem shall not be given up into the hand
+of the king of Assyria.
+
+11 Behold, thou thyself hast heard what
+the kings of Assyria have done to all the
+
+
+' Correctly, Tesha'yahu.
+
+"" Philippson, "he returned, but sent messengers."
+3 G
+
+
+lands, by destroying them utterly : and thou
+alone shouldst be delivered ?
+
+12 Have the gods of the nations which my
+fathers destroyed delivered them; as Gozan,
+and Charau, and Rezeph, and the children of
+'Eden, who were in Thelassar ?
+
+13 Where is the king of Cliamath, and the
+king of Arpad, and the king of the city of
+Sepharvayin".. of Hena', and 'I\"vah ?
+
+14 And Hezekiah took the letters out of
+the hand of the messengers, and read them :
+and Hezekiah went up into the house of the
+Lord, and spread them out Ix'fore the Lord.
+
+15 ][ And Hezekiah prayed before the
+Lord, and said, 0 Lord God of Israel, who
+dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the
+(true) God, thou alone, for all the kingdoms
+of the earth ; for it is thou who hast made the
+heavens and the earth.
+
+16 Bend down, 0 Lord, thy ear, and hear!
+open, 0 Lord, thy eyes, and see! and hear
+the words of Sennacherib, that" which he hath
+sent to blaspheme the living God.
+
+17 Truly, Lord, the kings of Assyria have
+devastated the nations and their land,
+
+18 And they have placed their gods into
+the fire ; for they are no gods, Ijut tlie work
+of man's hands, wood and stone : and these
+have they destro3-ed.
+
+19 And now, 0 Lord our God, save us. I
+beseech thee, out of his hand, that all the
+kingdoms of the earth may know that thou
+art the Lord God, thou alone.''
+
+20 ^ Then sent Isaiah the son of Amoz to
+Hezekiah, saying. Thus hath said the Lord
+the God of Israel, What thou hast prayed to
+me concerning Sennacherib the king of Assy-
+ria have I heard.
+
+21 This is the word that the Lord hath
+spoken over him: She despiseth thee, she
+laugheth thee to scorn, the virgin daughter
+of Zion ; behind thee shaketh her head the
+daughter of Jerusalem.
+
+22 Whom hast thou Ijlaspliemed, and
+(whom) hast thou scorned? and against whom
+hast thou raised thy voice, and lifted up thy
+eyes on high? against the Holy One of Israel.
+
+23 By thy messengers thou hast blasphemed
+the Lord, and hast said, With the multitude
+
+
+° Others refer mSiy to the messenger, and trausktt
+who h:ith .scut Liui."
+
+'' Philippson, " that thnu, Lord, art God alune."
+
+449
+
+
+2 KINGS XIX. XX.
+
+
+ol' iny chariots am I indeed come up to the
+height of the mountains, to the sides of Leba-
+non, and I will cut down its tall cedars, the
+choice of its fir-trees : and I will enter" into
+the lodginus on its summit, the forest of its
+fruitful soil.
+
+24 I have dug and drunk strange'' waters,
+and I will dry up with the sole of my feet
+all the streams" of besieged places.''
+
+25 Hadst" thou not heard that in distant^
+ages I had prepared this ? in the times of an-
+tiquity when I formed it? now have I brought
+it along, and it came to pass, to desolate into
+ruinous heaps fortified cities.
+
+26 And thus their inhabitants were short
+of power, they were dismayed and confound-
+ed ; they were as the herbs of the field, and
+as the green grass ; as the moss on the house-
+tops, and as corn blasted before the ear ap-
+peareth.
+
+27 But thy abiding and thy going out and
+thy coming in do I know, and thy raging
+against me.
+
+28 Because of thy raging against me and
+thy tumult that is come up into my ears,
+will I put my hook in thy nose, and my
+bridle between thy lips; and I will cause
+thee to turn back on the way by which thou
+earnest.
+
+29 And this shall be unto thee'' the sign,
+Ye shall eat this year what groweth of itself,
+and in the second year what springeth up
+after the same ; and in the third year sow
+and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat their
+fruit.
+
+30 And the remnant of the house of Judah
+that is escaped shall yet again strike root
+downward, and bear fruit upward.
+
+81 For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a
+remnant, and that which escapeth out of
+mount Zion : the zeal of the Lord of hosts
+will do this.
+
+o2 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+
+
+" Zuiiz and Arnheira, "now I penetrate to its utmo.st
+dwelling, in its thick forest." liashi and other Rabbins
+take "the mountains" for the temple mount, "Lebanon"
+for the temple, and translate the last clause, "the fatness
+of its land, and the beauty of its glory."
+
+'• I have conquered strange countries, and marched
+througii tiie driest places, in which I have dug wells for
+my army.
+
+" My infantry have been so numerous, that they alone
+have been sufficient to dry up all the rivers of besieged
+
+m
+
+
+concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not
+come into this city, and he shall not shoot
+an arrow thereon, nor come before it with
+shield, nor cast up against it an embankment.
+
+33 On the way by which he came, by the
+same shall he return, and into this city shall
+he not come, saith the Lord.
+
+34 And I will shield this city, to save it,
+for my own sake, and for the sake of David
+my servant.
+
+35 ][ And it came to pass, on the same
+night, that an angel of the Lord went out
+and smote in the camp of the Assyrians one
+hundred eighty and five thousand men : and
+when people arose early in the morning, Ije-
+hold, they were all dead corpses.
+
+36 And Sennacherib the king of Assjria
+then departed, and went and returned, and
+dwelt at Nineveh.
+
+37 And it came to pass, as he was prostrat-
+ing himself in the house of Nisroch his god,
+that Adranunelech and Sharezer his sons
+smote him with the sword: and they escaped
+into the land of Ararat. And Essar-chaddon
+his son became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^[ In tho.se days Hezekiah fell sick untt
+death; and there came to him Isaiah the son
+of Amoz the prophet, and said unto him.
+Thus hath said the Lord, Give thy charge to
+thy house ;'' for thou shalt die, and not live."
+
+2 Then did he turn his face to the wall,
+and prayed unto the Lord, saying,
+
+3 I beseech, thee, 0 Lord, remember now
+that I have walked before thee in truth, and
+with an undivided heart, and have done what
+is good in thy eyes. And Hezekiah wept
+aloud.''
+
+4 ^ And it came to pass, before Isaiah
+was gone out into the middle court, that the
+word of the Lord came to him, saying,
+
+5 Eeturn, and say to Hezekiah the ruler
+
+
+places, either by drinking them, or diverting their course
+into other channels.
+
+'' After Rash i. Others, "of Mazor" or "Egypt." Jona-
+than, " deep rivers."
+
+° Here recommence God's words to Sennacherib.
+
+' Rashi, after Massorah, " Hadst thou not heard afar of
+what I had decreed ?" * Hezekiah.
+
+^ i. e. " JIake thy will," which was the more necessary,
+as he had at that time no children.
+
+' Philippson and others, "not recover,"
+
+'' Heb. "with n great weeping."
+
+
+2 KINGS XX. XXI.
+
+
+of my people, Thus hath said the Lord, the
+God of David thj father, I have heard thy
+prayer, I have seen thy tears; behold, I will
+heal thee : on the third day shalt thou go up
+unto the house of the Lord.
+
+G And I will add unto thy days fifteen
+years ; and out of the hand of the king of As-
+syria will I deliver" thee and this city; and I
+will shield this city for my own sake, and for
+the sake of David my servant.
+
+7 And Isaiah said. Fetch a lump of figs.
+And they fetched and laid it on the inflamma-
+tion,'' and he recovered.
+
+8 And Hezekiah said unto Isaiah, What
+sign shall there lie that the Lord will heal
+me, and that I shall go up into the house of
+the Lord the third day ?
+
+9 And Isaiah said, This shall be unto thee
+the sign from the Lord, that the Lord will do
+the thing that he hath spoken : Shall the sha-
+dow go forward ten degrees, or go back ten
+degrees ?
+
+10 And Hezekiah said. It is a light thing
+for the shadow to go forward ten degrees:
+no; but let the shadow return backward ten
+degrees.
+
+11 And Isaiah the prophet called unto the
+Lord; and he caused the shadow to return,
+by the degrees which the (sun) was gone
+down on the dial of Achaz, backward, ten
+degrees.
+
+12 ^ And at that time sent Berodacli-bala-
+dan, the son of Baladan, the king of Babylon,
+letters and a present unto Hezekiah ; for he
+had heard that Hezekiah had been sick.
+
+13 And Hezekiah listened unto them, and
+showed them the whole of his treasure-
+house," the silver, and the gold, and the
+spices, and the precious oil, and the whole of
+his armour-house, and all that was- found in
+his treasures : there was nothing that Heze-
+kiah showed them not, in his house and in
+all his dominion.
+
+14 Then came Isaiah the prophet unto
+king Hezekiah, and said unto him. What did
+these men say? and whence did they come
+unto thee ? And Hezekiah said, From a for
+otf country are they come, from Baljylon.
+
+
+" I. e. He shiill not return after the event noted above,
+xix. 35.
+
+^ Perhaps the bubos oommon iu the plague, by which
+some suppose that the Assyrian army was so suddenly de-
+stroyed, and which afterward or at the same time attacked
+
+
+15 And he said, What did they see in thy
+house? And Hezekiah answei'ed. All that is
+in my house have they seen : there was nothing
+that I did not show them in my treasures.
+
+16 ^ And Isaiah said unto Hezekiah, Hear
+the w^ord of the Lord,
+
+17 Behold, days are coming, when all that
+is iu thy house, and that wdiich thy fathers
+ha\'e laid up in store until this day, shall be;
+carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith
+the Lord.
+
+18 And of thy sons that will issue from
+thee, whom thou wilt beget, shall they take ;
+and they shall be court-servants in the palace
+of the king of Baljylon.
+
+19 Then said Hezekiah unto Isaiah, Good
+is the word of the Lord which thou hast
+spoken. And he said, Is it not so, if there be
+peace and stability'* in my days ?
+
+20 And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah,
+and all his mighty deeds, and how he made
+the pool, and the aqueduct, and brought the
+water into the city, l>ehold, they are written
+in the book of the chronicles of the kings of
+Judah.
+
+21 And Hezekiah .slept with his fathers:
+and Menasseh his son became king in his
+stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ][ Twelve years old was Menasseh when
+he became king, and fifty and five years did
+he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was Chephzi-bah.
+
+2 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, after the abominable acts of the na-
+tions whom the Lord had dri\'en out before
+the children of Israel.
+
+3 And he built up again the high-places
+which Hezekiah his father had destro3'ed; and
+he reared up altars for Ba'al, and made a
+grove," as Achab the king of Israel had done;
+and he bowed down to all the host of heaven,
+and served them.
+
+4 And he built altars in the house of the
+Lord, of which the Lord had said, In Jerusa-
+lem will I put my name.
+
+5 And he built altars for all the host of
+
+the king of Judah. The angel was thus a natural agent^
+not rare in the East; the' the wonder was equally great.
+
+° Rasbi renders injj as in Gen. sxxvii. '2.5, with "spices.''
+
+"■ Others, literally, " truth."
+
+' Philippson, "an Astarte." Zuu/., "an Aslicrali "
+
+•151
+
+
+2 KINGS XXI. XXII.
+
+
+heaven in the two courts of the house of the
+Lord.
+
+6 And he caused his sou to pass through
+the fire, and observed times, and used en-
+chantments, and dealt with flimiliar spirits
+and wizards : he wrought much that is evil
+in the eyes of the Lord, to provoke him to
+inger.
+
+7 And he set a hewn image of the Asherah
+that he had made in the house, of which the
+Lord had said to David, and to Solomon his
+son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I
+have chosen out of all tribes of Israel, will I
+put my name for ever:
+
+8 And I will not cause any more tlie foot
+of Israel to move out of the land which I gave
+their fathers; only if they will observe to act
+in accordance with all that I have command-
+ed them, and in accordance with all the law
+that my servant Moses conmianded them.
+
+9 But they hearkened not: and Menasseh
+seduced them to do what is evil more than
+the nations whom the Lord had destroyed be-
+fore the children of Israel.
+
+10 ][ And the Lord spoke by means of his
+servants the prophets, saying,
+
+11 Forasmuch as Menasseh the king of
+Judah hath done these abominations, having
+done wickedly more than all that the Emo-
+rites had done, who were before him, and
+hath induced Judah also to sin with his idols:
+
+12 T[ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+the God of Israel, Behold, I will bring evil upon
+Jerusalem and Judah, at which both the ears
+of every one that hearetli it shall tingle.
+
+13 And I will stretch over Jerusalem the
+measure-line* of Samaria, and the plummet
+of the liouse of Achalj: and I will wijie oft'
+Jerusalem as one wipeth off a dish, wiping it,
+and turning it on its tace.
+
+14 And I will forsake the renuiant of my
+inheritance, and give them up into tlie hand
+of their enemies; and they shall become a
+prey and a spoil to all their enemies ;
+
+15 Foi'asmuch as they have done what is
+evil in my eyes, and have Ijeen provoking me
+to anger, from the day that their fathers came
+forth out of Egypt, even until this day.
+
+16 And also innocent blood did Menasseh
+shed in very great abundance, till he had filled
+
+
+' !\Inaniiiii, tlio same measure of justice which ovcr-
+
+whi'liii cl Siimariu should bo luctoil out to .Jvrusalciii.
+■16'.:
+
+
+(therewith) Jerusalem from one end to an-
+other; beside his sin wherewith he induced
+Judah to sin, to do what is evil in the eyes
+of the Lord.
+
+17 Now the rest of the acts of Menasseh,
+and all that he did, and his sin that he com-
+mitted, behold, they are written in the book
+of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.
+
+18 And Menasseh slept with his fathei's,
+and was buried in the garden of his own
+house, in the garden of 'Uzza'' : and Amon his
+son became king in his stead.
+
+19 T[ Twenty and two years old was Amon
+when he became king, and two years did he
+reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's name
+was Meshullemeth, the daughter of Charuz
+of Yotbah.
+
+20 And- he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, as his fixther Menas.seh had clone.
+
+21 And he walked in all the way that his
+father had walked in, and served the idols
+that his father had served, and bowed him-
+self down to them ;
+
+22 And he forsook the Lord the God of
+his fathers, and walked not in the way of the
+Lord.
+
+23 And the servants of Amon conspired
+against him, and put the king to death in his
+own house.
+
+24 And the people of the land slew all
+those that had conspired against king Amon;
+and the people of the land made Josiah" his
+son king in his stead.
+
+25 Now the rest of the acts of Anion which
+he did, behold, they are written in the book
+of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.
+
+2G And they buried him in his sepulchre
+in the garden of 'Uzza: and Josiah his son
+became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 Tf Eight years old was Josiah when he
+became king, and thirty and one years did he
+reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's name
+was Yedidah, the daughter of 'Adayah of Boz-
+kath.
+
+2 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, and walked in all the way of David
+his father, and turned not aside to the right
+or to the left.
+
+
+i. e. Not in the sepulchre of the aucieut king.s
+Correctly, Yoshi'i/tihu.
+
+
+2 Kings xxii.
+
+
+3 *f[ And it came to pass in the eighteenth
+year of king Josiali, that the king sent Sha-
+phan the son of Azal_vahn, the son of Meshul-
+1am, the scribe, to the house of the Lord, say-
+
+ing,
+
+4 Go up to Cliilkij-ahn tlie high-priest, that
+he may collect" up all the money which is
+brought into the house of the Lord, which
+the door-keejjers haA'e gathered from the peo-
+ple:
+
+5 And let them deliver it into the hand of
+those who overlook the workmen, that have
+been appointed as overseers of the house of
+the Lord; and let them gi^'e it to those who
+do the work who are in the house of the Lord,
+to repair the breaches of the house ;
+
+6 Unto the carpenters, and the builders,
+and the masons, and to buv timber and hewn
+stones to repair the house.
+
+7 Nevertheless shall there be no reckoning
+made with them for the money that is deli-
+vered into their hand, because they deal faith-
+
+8 And Chilkiyahu the high-priest said unto
+Shaphau the scribe, A book of the law have
+I found in the house of the Lord. And Chil-
+kiyah gave the book to Shaphan,'' and he
+read it.
+
+9 And Shaphan the scribe came to the
+kincf, and brought the king word again, and
+said. Thy servants have taken out all the
+money that was found in the house, and have
+delivered it into the hand of those who over-
+look the workmen, tliat have been appointed
+overseers of the house of the Lord.
+
+10 And Shaphan the scribe also told the
+king, saying, A book hath Chilkiyahu tlie
+priest given me. And Shaphan read it before
+the king.
+
+11 And it came to pass, when the king
+had heard the words of the book of the law,
+that he rent his clothes.
+
+12 And the king commanded Chilkiyah
+the priest, and Achikam the son of Shaphan.
+and 'Achbor the son of Michayah, and Sha-
+phan the scribe, and Wssahyah a servant of
+the king's, saying,
+
+* Philippson, "shall pay out."
+
+' It is possible enough, that during the long reign of
+Menasseh, the books of the law had become scarce, at
+least among the courtiers and priests; or it may have
+been the autograph of Moses which Chilkiyahu had dis-
+ooverel. It is absurd to suppose that it was then first
+
+
+13 Go ye, inquire of the Lord in my be-
+half, and in behalf of the people, and in be-
+half of all Judah, concerning the words of
+this book that hath been found ; for great is
+the wrath of the Lord that hath been kin-
+dled against us, because our fothers did not
+hearken unto the words of this book, to do
+in accordance with all that is prescribed con-
+cerning us.
+
+li And Chilkiyahu the priest, and Achi-
+kam, and 'Achbor, and Shaphan, and 'Assah-
+yah, went unto Chuldah the prophetess, the
+wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah the son of
+Charchass, the keeper of the wardrobe f (now
+she dwelt in Jerusalem in the suburb;)'' and
+they spoke unto her.
+
+15 And she said unto them, Thus hath
+said the Lord the God of Israel, Say unto the
+man that hath .sent you to me,
+
+16 Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, I will
+bring evil upon this place, and upon its in-
+habitants, all the w'ords of the book which
+the king of Judah hath re&d ;
+
+17 Because they have forsaken me, and
+have burnt incen.se unto other gods, in order
+to provoke me to anger with all the works of
+their hands: therefore is my wrath kindled
+against this place, and shall not he quenched.
+
+18 But with respect to the king of Judah
+who sendeth you to inquire of the Lord,
+thus shall ye say to him. Thus hath said the
+Lord the God of Israel, Concerning the words
+which thou hast heard;
+
+19 Because thy heart was tender, and thou
+hast humbled thyself before the Lord, when
+thou heardest what I had spoken against
+this place, and against its inhabitants, that
+they should become an astonishment and a
+curse, and hast rent thy clothes, and wept
+before me: I also have heard it, saith the
+Lord.
+
+20 Therefore, behold, I will gather thee
+unto thy lathers, and thou shalt be gathered
+unto thy graves in peace ; and th}- eyes shall
+not look on all the evil which I am bringing
+over this place. And they brouglit the king
+word again.
+
+
+composed ; as the whole history of Israel proves that its
+con/eiils were at least traditionally known.
+
+' Heb. "garments."
+
+■^ Rashi, "outside the first wall, and between it and the
+second." Jonathan, "college." Zuuz, "in the second
+quarter of the city."
+
+453
+
+
+2 ICINGS XXTIl
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 And the king sent, and they gathered
+unto him all the elders of Judah and Jeru-
+salem.
+
+2 And the king went up into the house of
+the Lord, and all the men of Judah and all
+the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and
+the priests, and the prophets, and all the peo-
+ple, from the small to the great: and he read
+before their ears all the words of the book of
+the covenant which had been found in the
+house of the Lord.
+
+3 And the king stood upon the stand, and
+he made a covenant before the Lord, to walk
+after the Lord, and to keep his command-
+ments, and his testimonies and his statutes
+with all (their) heart and all (their) soul, to
+maintain the words of this covenant that are
+written in this book. And all the people
+entered into the covenant.
+
+4 And the king commanded Chilkiyahu
+the high-priest, and the priests of the second
+order, and the door-keepers, to carry forth out
+of the temple of the Lord all the vessels that
+had been made for Ba'al, and for the Asheralj,
+and for all the host of heaven : and they"
+burnt them without Jerusalem in the fields
+of Kidron, and carried their ashes unto
+Beth-el.
+
+5 And he put down*" the idolatrous priests,
+whom the kings of Judah had appointed that
+they might burn incense on the high-places
+in the cities of Judah, and in the places round
+about Jerusalem; those also that burnt in-
+cense unto Ba'al, to the sun, and to the moon,
+and to the planets," and to all the host of
+heaven.
+
+6 And he brought out the Asherah from
+the house of the Lord, without Jerusalem,
+inito the brook Kidron, and burnt it at the
+brook Kidron, and ground it small to powder,
+and cast its powder upon the graves of the
+cliildren of the people.
+
+7 And he pulled down the houses of the
+sodomites,'' that were by" the house of the
+
+
+' Heb. "he," i. c. any one that did the act spoken of;
+the indefinite "they" in English, "man" in German,
+and "on" in French.
+
+" Ileb. "caused to cease."
+
+'■ Others, "the constelhitions of the zodiac."
+
+'' .\s elsewhere,idolatry had caused demoralization.
+
+' 'Axuw. and others, "in."
+464
+
+
+Lord, where the women wove hangings foi
+the Asherah.
+
+8 And he brought all the priests out of the
+cities of Judah, and defiled the high-places
+where the priests had burnt incense, from
+Geba' to Beer-sheba', and he pulled down the
+high-places of the gates that were at the en-
+trance of the gate of Joshua the governor of
+the city, which were on a man's left at the
+gate of the city.
+
+9 Nevertheless the priests of the high-places
+came not up to the altar of the Lord in Jeru-
+salem ; but they ate unleavened bread in the
+midst of their brethren.
+
+10 And he defiled the Thoplieth, which
+was in the valley Ben-hinnom, so that no
+man should cause his son or his daughter to
+pass through the fire to Molech.
+
+11 And he put down the horses that the
+kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun, from
+the entrance of the house of the Lord,^ by
+the chamber of Nethan-melech the chamber-
+lain, who was over the suburbs; and the cha-
+riots of the sun he burnt with fire.
+
+12 And the altars that were on the roof
+of the upper-chamber of Achaz, which the
+kings of Judah had made, and the altars
+which Menasseh had made in the two courts
+of the house of the Lord, did the king pull
+down, and tore them away from there, and
+cast their dust into the brook Kidron.
+
+13 And the high-places that were before
+Jerusalem, which were to the right of the
+mount of destruction,^ which Solomon the
+king of Israel had built for 'Ashtoreth the
+abomination of the Zidonians, and for Ke-
+mosh the abomination of the Moiibites, and
+for Milcom the abomination of the children
+of 'Ammon, did the king defile.
+
+14 And he broke in pieces the standing
+images, and cut down the Asherah-groves,
+and filled their places with the bones of men.
+
+15 So also the altar that was at Beth-el,
+the high-place which Jerobo'am the son of
+Nebat, who induced Israel to sin, had made,
+— also that altar and the high-place did he
+
+
+' Zunz and Arnheim, "And he prevented the horse.?
+which the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun, from
+coming into the house of the Lord, (and put them) into
+the cell of Nethan-melech," &c.
+
+* i. e. The Mount of Olives; so called here in disgrace
+for the idols worshipped there. (See note to 2 Sam
+xi. 21.)
+
+
+2 KINGS Xxm.
+
+
+pull down; and he burnt the high-place,
+ground it small to powder, and burnt then
+the Apherah.
+
+16 And Josiah turned about, and beheld
+the graves that were there in the mount, and
+he sent, and took the bones out of the sepul-
+chres, and burnt them upon the altar, and
+polluted it, according to the word of the Lord
+which the man of God proclaimed, who had
+J. roelaimed these events.
+
+17 Then said he, What kind of monument
+IS that which I see? And the men of the
+cit}- said to him, It is the grave of the man
+of God, who came from Judah, and proclaim-
+ed these things which thou liast done against
+the altar of Beth-el.
+
+IS And he said, Let him rest: no man
+shall disturb his bones. So they saved his
+))oues, with the bones of the prophet that
+came out of Samaria.
+
+19 And also all the hou.ses of the high-
+places that were in the cities of Samaria,
+which the kings of Israel had made as provo-
+cations to anger," did Josiah remove, and did
+to them in accordance with all the acts that
+he had done in Beth-el.
+
+20 And he slaughtered all the priests of
+the high-places that were there upon the
+altars, and burnt men's bones upon them,
+and returned (then) to Jerusalem.
+
+21 And the king commanded all the peo-
+ple, saying, Keep'' the passover unto the Lord
+your God, as it is written in this book of the
+covenant.
+
+22 For there had not been liolden such a
+passover from the days of the judges that
+judged Israel; nor in all the days of the
+kings of Israel, and of the kings of Judah;
+
+23 But in the eighteenth year of king Jo-
+siah was this passover holden to the Lord in
+Jerusalem.
+
+24 And also the men of familiar spirits,
+and the wizards, and the teraphim, and the
+idols, and all the abominations tb.at were to
+be seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusa-
+lem, did Josiah clear away; in order that he
+might accomplish the words of the law which
+
+* i. e. Of the Lord.
+
+^ Zuuz, "Prepare the passover-sacrifices;" and so also
+in verse 22.
+
+° It seems that Josiah went out to intercept the march
+o( Nechoh, and that the armies met at Megiddo (or Me-
+giddon> where Josiah lost his life in the battle which en-
+
+
+were written in the book that ChilkivMhii the
+priest had found in the house of the Lord.
+
+25 And like unto him there was no king
+before him, that returned to the Lord with
+all his heart, and with all his soul, and with
+all his might, according to all the law of
+Mo.ses; and after him there arose none like
+him.
+
+26 Notwithstanding this the Lord turned
+not from the fierceness of his great anger,
+since his anger was kindled against Judah,
+because of all the provokings wherewith Me-
+nasseh had provoked him to anger.
+
+27 And the Lord said, Also Judah will I
+remove out of my sight, as I have removed
+Israel, and will cast ofi'this city which I have
+chosen, even Jerusaleiti, and the house of
+which I said, My name shall be there.
+
+28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah. and
+all that he did, behold, they are written in
+the book of the chronicles of the kings of Ju-
+dah.
+
+29 In his days went up Pharaoh-nechoh
+the king of Egypt against the king of As.syria
+to the river Euphrates : and king Josiah went
+against him; and he slew him at Megiddo,
+when he saw him."
+
+30 And his servants caiTied him dying in
+a chariot from Megiddo, and brought him to
+Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepul-
+chre. And the people of the land took Je-
+hoachaz the son of Josiah, and anointed'* him,
+and made him king in his fiither's stead.
+
+31 ^f Twenty and three years old was Je-
+hoachaz when he became king; and three
+months did he reign in Jerusalem. And his
+mother's name was Chamutal, the daughter
+of Jeremiah" of Libnah.
+
+32 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, all just as his fathers had done.
+
+33 And Pharaoh-nechoh put him in fetters
+at Riblah in the land of Chamath, that he
+should not reign in Jerusalem, and imposed
+a fine on the land of a hundred talents of sil-
+ver, and a talent of gold.
+
+34 And Pharaoh-nechoh made Elyakim
+the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah
+
+
+sued. "Seeing each other face to face" means "to meet
+in battle." (See above, xiv. 8.)
+
+^ It is noticed that he was younger than Elyakim
+wherefore he was anointed, which was only done at a dis
+puted succession, as with Solomon and Joiish.
+
+' Properly, Yirmeyahu.
+
+43.5
+
+
+2 KINGS XXITI. XXIV.
+
+
+his father, and changed his name to Jehoya-
+kim, and took JehoJichaz away : and he came
+to Egypt, and died there.
+
+35 And Jehoyakim gave the silver and
+the gokl to Pharaoh ; but he taxed" the kind
+to give the money by the order of Pharaoh :
+from every one according to his estimation
+did he exact the silver and gold from the
+people of the land, to give it unto Pharaoh-
+nechoh.
+
+36 ^ Twenty and five 3'ears old was Je-
+hoyakim when he became king; and eleven
+years did he reign in Jerusalem. And his
+mothers name was Zeljudah, the daughter of
+Peda^ah of Rumah.
+
+37 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, all just as his fothers had done.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 In his days came up Nebuchadnezzar
+the king of Baljylon, and Jehoyakim became
+his servant for three*' years: and then he
+turned' and rebelled against him.
+
+2 And the Lord sent against him preda-
+tory bands of the Chaldeans,* and predatory
+bands of the Syrians, and predatory bands of
+the Moiibites, and predatory bands of the
+children of "Amnion, and sent them against
+Judah to destroy it, according to the word of
+the Lord, which he had spoken by means of
+his servants the prophets.
+
+3 But only at the order of the Lord came
+this upon Judah, to remove the same out of
+his sight, ibr the sins of Menasseh, in accord-
+ance with all that he had done;
+
+4 And also for the innocent blood that he
+had shed; for he had filled Jerusalem with in-
+nocent blood ; wherefore the Lord would not
+pardon.
+
+5 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoyakim,
+and all that he did, behold, they are written
+in the book of the chronicles of the kings of
+Judah.
+
+6 And Jehoyakim slept with his fathers :
+and Jehoyachin his son became king in his
+stead.
+
+7 And the king of Egypt came no more
+
+
+" Lit. "estimated," /'. e. how ranch each was to give.
+' From the fourth year of this king commences the
+Babylonian exile of seventy years.
+
+' Zunz, and others, "ho again rebelled," &c.
+" Heb. "Cas.odiin."
+■1-30
+
+
+again out of his land ; for the king of Babylon
+had taken from the brook of Egypt unto thf
+river Euphrates all that had pertained to the
+king of Egypt.
+
+8 TJ Eighteen years old was JehoyacLin
+when he became king, and three months did
+he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was Nechushta, the daughter of Ehia-
+than of Jerusalem.
+
+9 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, all just as that his father had done.
+
+10 At that time the servants of Nebuch^id-
+nezzar the king of Babylon came up against
+Jerusalem, and the city was put in a state of
+siege.
+
+11 And Nebuchadnezzar the king of Baby-
+lon came against the city, while his servants
+were besieging it.
+
+12 And Jehoyachin the king of Judah
+went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his
+mother, and his servants, and his princes, and
+his court-officers: and the king of Babylon
+took him (captive) in the eighth year of his
+reign.
+
+13 And he carried out thence all the trea-
+sures of the house of the Lord, and the trea-
+sures of the king's house, and cut" in pieces
+a.ll the vessels of gold which Solomon the king
+of Israel had made in the temple of the Lord,
+as the Lord had spoken.
+
+14 And he led away as exiles all Jerusalem,
+and all the princes, and all the mighty men
+of valour, ten thousand exiles, and all the
+ci\aftsnien' and locksmiths : there was none
+left, save the poorest sort of the people of the
+land.
+
+15 And he led away Jehoyachin as exile
+to Babylon ; and the king's mother, and the
+king's wives, and his court-officers, and the
+mighty men of the land, he led into exile
+from Jerusalem to Babylon.
+
+16 And all the men of might, seven thou-
+sand (in number), and the craftsmen and the
+locksmiths a thousand (in number), all strong
+men, apt for war; and the king of Babylon
+brought them into exile to Babylon.
+
+17 And the king of Babylon made Mattan-
+
+
+' Philippson, "cut loose," i. e. "removed them from
+their fastenings." Herxheimer, " cut oif the surface," and
+refers to above, xviii. 6.
+
+'Others, "smiths." The removal of the oraftsnict
+was a state policy to render the others dependi iit.
+
+
+^ KINGS XXIV. XXV.
+
+
+yali his uncle kint;' in liis stead, ami changed
+his name to Zedekiah."
+
+iS ^ Twenty and one years old was Zede-
+kiali when he became king, and eleven years
+did he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was '"hamutal. the daughter of Jere-
+miali of Libuidi.
+
+19 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, all jnst as Jehojakim had done.
+
+'20 For through the anger of the Lord it
+occurred in Jerusalem and Judali, until he
+had cast them out from his presence, that*
+Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Baby-
+lon.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ^ And it came to jDass in the ninth year
+of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth
+of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar the king
+of Bab3"lon came, he, and all his host, against
+Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and
+they built a mound" all round about it.
+
+2 And the city was put in a state of siege
+luitil the eleventh year of ki)ig Zedekiah.
+
+3 And on the nintli of the montli,'' when
+the famine prevailed in the city, and there
+was no bread for the people of the land :
+
+4 The city was broken into, and all the
+men of war (tied) in the night by the way of
+the gate between the two walls, which w^as
+by the king's garden; (while the Chaldeans
+were all round about the city;) and the peo-
+ple went the way toward the plain.
+
+0 And the army of the Chaldeans pursued
+after the king, and overtook him in the plains
+of Jericho : and all his arm}' were scattered
+from around him.
+
+6 And they seized the king, and brought
+him up to the king of Bal)ylon to Kiblah; and
+they called him to account."
+
+7 And they slaughtered the sons t)f Zede-
+kiah before his eyes, and he blinded the eyes
+of Zedekiah, and bound him with fetters of
+brass, and carried him to Baliylon.
+
+5 ^[ And in the tifth month, on the seventh
+day of the month, which was the nineteenth
+year of king Nebuchadnezzar the kini;' of
+Babylon, came Nebusaradan, the chief of the
+
+
+' Properly, Z'ulkSyahu.
+
+° Herxheinier — "presence; and .so Zedekiah," &c.
+' Others, " wooden towers."
+'' Jer. lii. 6, supplies "fourth."
+.•?H
+
+
+guard, a servant of tlie king of Bal)ylon, unto
+Jerusalem :
+
+9 And he burnt the house of the Lord,
+and the king's house; also, all the houses of
+Jerusalem, and every great man's house burnt
+he with fire.
+
+10 And the walls of Jerusalem round about
+did all the army of the Chaldeans that were
+with the captain of the guard tear down.
+
+11 And the rest of the people that were
+left in the city, and the deserters that had
+run over to the king of Babylon, with the
+remnant of the multitude, did Nebusaradan
+the captain of the guard lead away into
+exile ;
+
+12 But from the poorest of the land the
+captain of the guard left some to be vine-
+dressers and husbandmen.
+
+13 And the pillars of copper that were in
+the house of the Lord, and the bases, and the
+copper sea that was in the house of the Lord,
+did tlie Chaldeans break up, and they carried
+the copper thereof to Babylon.
+
+14 And the pots, and the shovels, and the
+knives, and the spoons, and all the vessels of
+copper wherewith the}' ministered, took they
+away.
+
+15 And the censers, and the bowls, the
+gold of the golden things, and the silver of
+the silver things, took the captain of the
+guard away.
+
+16 The two pillars, the one sea, and the
+bases which Solomon had made for the house
+of the Lord: the copper of all these vessels
+was too much to l)e weighed.
+
+17 Eighteen cubits was the height of the
+one pillar, and the capital upon it was cop-
+per; and the height of the capital was three
+cubits; and the wreathed work, and the pome-
+granates upon the capitals round about, were
+all of copper : and the same had the second
+pillar together with the wreathed work.
+
+18 And the captain of the guard took Sera-
+yah the chief-priest, and Zephanyahu the
+second priest, and the three door-keepers;
+
+19 And out of the city he took one court-
+officer that was api)ointed over the men of
+war, and five men of those that could come
+
+
+° After Rashi. Lit. " they spoke with him judgment."
+Some render, "pronounced sentence on him." Our vc-
+sion implies that he was called to task for his rebellio>i
+The sentence is shown in the sequel.
+
+467
+
+
+2 KINGS XXV.
+
+
+into the king's jn'osence, who were found in
+the city, and the scribe of the chief of the
+army, who ordered to the army the people of
+the land, and sixty men of the people of the
+and that were found in the city :
+
+20 And Nebusaradan the captain of the
+ofuard took these, and conducted them to the
+king of Babylon to Riblah;
+
+21 And the king at Babylon smote them,
+and put them to death at Riblali in the land
+of Chamath. So did Judali wander away
+into exile out of their land.
+
+22 And as for the people that were left in
+the land of Judaii, whom Nebuchadnezzar
+the king of Babylon had left, he appointed
+over them Gedalyahu the son of Achikam,
+the son of Shaphpn.
+
+23 *i] And when all the captains of the
+armies, they and their men, heard that the
+king of Babylon had appointed Gedalyahu,
+they came to Gedalyahu to Mizpah ; even Ish-
+ma'el the son of Nethanyah, and Jochanan the
+son of KareJich, and Serayah the son of Tan-
+chumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazanyahu
+the son of a Ma'achathite, they and their men.
+
+24 And Gedalyahu swore to them, and
+to their men, and said unto them. Be not
+afraid of the servants of the Chaldeans : re-
+main in the land, and serve the king of Baby-
+lon; and it will be well with you.
+
+* Evil-merodach was a vicious prince, and was slain
+after a reign of two years by his brothor-in-lawNoriglissar.
+
+
+25 ^ But it happened in the seventh
+month, that there came Ishma'el the son of
+Nethanyah, the son of Elishama', of the seed
+royal, and ten men with him, and the}' smote
+Gedalyahu, so that he died, also the Jews
+and the Chaldeans that were with him at
+Mizpah.
+
+26 And then arose all the people, from
+small to great, and the captains of tlie armies,
+and went to Egypt; for they were afraid of
+the Chaldeans.
+
+27 ^ And it came to pass in the seven
+and thirtieth year of the captivity of Tehoya-
+chin the king of Judah, in the twelfth month,
+on the seven and twentieth (day) of the month,
+that Evil-merodach'' the king of Babylon in
+the year tliat he became king did lift up the
+head of Jehoyachin the king of Judah out of
+the prison ;
+
+28 And he spoke kindly to him, and set
+his chair above the chair of the kings that
+were with him in Babylon;
+
+29 And changed his prison-garments : and
+he ate bread continually before him all the
+days of his life.
+
+30 And his allowance was a continual al-
+lowance given him by the king, the necessary
+ration for the day on its day, all the days of
+his life.
+
+
+Jehoyachim, or as he is called Jechonyah, was probabW
+yet alive when the Book of Kings was written.
+
+
+458
+
+
+n'2)n:2) d^n^^: nnn
+
+
+THE HOLY SCRIPTURES:
+
+PART SECOND.— DIVISION II.
+
+CONTAINI^^G THE LATER PROPHETS.
+
+ISAIAH, n'i'C" JEREMIAH, n^oi'
+
+EZEKIEL, Sxprn' HOSEA, ^rC'IH
+
+JOEL, ':^N*v AMOS, Dio;^
+
+OBADIAH, nn^V JONAH, HJV
+
+MicAH, nyr2 nahum, oinj
+
+JABAKKUK, pip^n ZEPHANIAH, H'JDV
+
+HAGGAI, 'jn zechariah, jin^^
+
+MALACHI, 'DnSo
+
+
+THE BOOK OF ISAIAH,
+
+
+nTtJ'* "ifiD-
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz,
+which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusa-
+lem in the days of 'Uzziyaliu, Jotham, Achaz,
+and Hezekiah, the kings of Judali.
+
+2 Hear, O ye heavens, and give ear, 0
+earth ; for the Lord hath spoken : Children
+have I nourished and brought up, but they
+have rebelled against me.
+
+3 The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass
+his master's crib: Israel doth not know, my
+people doth not consider.
+
+4 Wo! sinful nation, people laden with
+iniquity, seed of evildoers, children that are
+corrupt: the3' have forsaken the Lord, they
+have incensed" the Holy One of Israel, they
+are departed backward.
+
+5 Why*" will ye be stricken yet more?
+(that) ye increase the revolt? every head is
+sick, and every heart is foint.
+
+6 From the sole of the foot even unto the
+head there is no soundness in it; but wounds,
+and bruises, and putrefying sores : the}' have
+not been closed,'' nor bound up, nor mollified
+with oil.
+
+7 Your country is desolate, your cities are
+burnt with fire ; your soil — in your presence,
+strangers devour it, and it is desolate, as
+overthrown by strangers.
+
+8 And left is the daughter of Zion as a hut
+in a vineyard, as a lodge in a cucumber-field,
+as a besieged'^ city.
+
+9 Unless the Lord of hosts had left unto
+us a remnant ever so small, like Sodom"
+should we have been, unto Gomorrah should
+we have been compared.
+
+10 Tl Hear the word of the Lord, ye rulers
+of Sodom : give ear unto the law of our God,
+ye people of Gomorrah.
+
+11 For what serveth me the multitude of
+
+' Sachs, "rejected." Philippson, "despised."
+'' Others, "where," as all the body is already sore.
+° Rar-bi, "They have not been -sprinkled with powder."
+Othc-.s, "icjueeied out,"
+
+
+your sacrifices? saith the Lord: I am sated
+with the bumt-oflerings of rams, and the fat
+of fatted beasts; and the blood of bullocks,
+and of sheep, and of he-goats, I do not desire.
+
+12 When ye come to appear in my pre-
+sence— who hath required this at your hand,
+to tread down my courts?
+
+13 Continue no more to bring an oblation
+of deceit; incense*^ of abomination is it unto
+me: new moon and sabbath, the calling of
+assemblies — I cannot bear misdeed with fes-
+tive gathering.
+
+14 Your new moons and your appointed
+feasts my soul hateth; they are become a
+burden unto me; I am weary to bear them.
+
+15 And when ye spread forth your hands,
+I will withdraw my eyes from you; yea,
+when ye make ever so many prayers, I will
+not hear: your hands are full of blood.
+
+16 Wash yourselves, make 3'ourselves clean ;
+put away the evil of }^our deeds from before
+my eyes; cease to do evil;
+
+17 Learn to do well; seek for jutitice, re-
+lieve the opprefiscd, do justice to the fether-
+less, plead for the widow."^
+
+18 ^ Come now, and let us reason toge-
+ther, saith the Lord: though your sins should
+be as scarlet, they shall become white as the
+snow; though they should be red like crim-
+son, they shall become like wool.
+
+19 Li ye be willing and obey, the best of
+the land shall ye eat;
+
+20 But if ye refuse and rebel, by the sword
+shall ye be devoured; fci the mouth of the
+Lord hath spoken it.
+
+21 ^ How is she become a harlot, the
+faithful town! she, that was full of justice;
+righteousness lodged therein; but now inur-
+derers.
+
+22 Thy silver is become dross, thy wine is
+drugged with Avater;
+
+'' Philippson, "as a city just released from siege."
+' Correctly, Sedom, ' Amorah.
+' Rashi. Others, "incense is an aboniinntinn."
+^ Only righteousness can appear bciorj Oo'l
+
+451
+
+
+ISAIAH J. II.
+
+
+23 Thy princes are rel^els, and companions
+of thieves ; every one loveth bribes, e nd run-
+neth after rewards ; to the fatherless they will
+not do justice, and the cause of the widow
+doth not come unto them.
+
+24 ]| Therefore saith the Lord, the Eternal
+of hosts, the mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will
+take satisfaction on mv adversaries, and be
+avenged on my enemies.
+
+25 And I will turn my hand against thee,
+and purge away as with lye" thy dross, and
+remove all tin- tin :''
+
+26 And I will restore thy judges as at the
+first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning;
+after that shalt thou be called, The city of
+righteousness, the town that is faithful.
+
+27 Zion shall be redeemed through justice,
+and her converts through righteousness.
+
+28 But destruction shall come over trans-
+gressors and sinners together, and those that
+forsake the Lord shall perish.
+
+29 For people shall be ashamed because
+of the terebinths'' which ye had desired, and
+ye shall be put to the blush because of the
+gardens that ye had chosen.
+
+30 For ye shall be as a terebinth the leaves
+of which wither, and as a garden that hath
+no water.
+
+31 And the mighty oppressor"* shall be-
+come as tow, and his workman as a spark;
+and they shall both burn together, with none
+to quench.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz
+foresaw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.
+
+2 And it shall come to pass in the last"
+days, that the mountain of the Lord's house
+shall be firmly established on the top of the
+moui tains, and shall be exalted above the
+hills; and unto it shall flow all the nations.
+
+o And many people shall go and say, Come
+
+" Tbo flux put into metal to remove the impurities.
+
+" Otbers, "lead."
+
+° Terebinths, T)r other spreading trees, were used to
+place images under their shade; and so in the gardens the
+domestic idols were set up. (See also chap. Ixvi. 17.)
+
+* Rashi. Jonathan, "And the strength of the wicked
+shall become as tow, and the work of their hand as a
+spark." Heinemann comments, " the idol — and its wor-
+shipper."
+
+" Lit. " the latter end of days." Sachs
+Ilciaamann, " the latest." Jonathan, '
+i'bilippson, " in the cour.se of tiuie."
+
+
+"late times."
+the end of."
+
+
+ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the
+Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; that
+he may teach us of his ways, and we may
+walk in his paths; for out of Zion shall go
+forth the law, and the word of the Lord ou«
+of Jerusalem.
+
+4 And he will judge among the nations,
+and decide*^ for many people ; and they shall
+beat their swords into plough-shares, and
+their spears into pruning-kuives: nation shall
+not lift up sword against nation, and they
+shall not learn any more war.
+
+5 ][ 0 house of Jacob, come ye, and let us
+walk in the light of the Lord.
+
+6 For"^ thou hast abandoned thy people,
+the house of Jacob, because they are full of
+(witchcraft) more than the east, and are
+soothsayers like the Philistines, and with
+the children of strangers they unite*" them-
+selves.
+
+7 And full became their land of silver' and
+gold, and there is no end to their treasures;
+and full became their land of horses, and
+there is no end to their chariots ;
+
+8 And full became their land of idols; to
+the work of their own hands they bow them-
+selves, to what their own fingers have made.
+
+9 And so is bent down the son of earth,
+and humbled the man; and thou wilt not for-
+give them.
+
+10 Enter into the rock, and hide thee in
+the dust, because of the dread of the Lord,
+and because of the glory of his majesty.
+
+11 The looks of human pride shall be
+humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall
+be bent down: and exalted shall be the Lord
+alone on that day.
+
+12 \ For there is a day (of judgment) unto
+the Lord of hosts over every proud and lofty
+one; and over every exalted one, that he be
+brought low ;
+
+13 And over all the cedars of the Lebanon,
+
+' This is the natural parallel to "judge." Others,
+"shall rebuke," "reprove." Aben Ezra, "And he, the
+judge, the king Messiah, shall judge," kc.
+
+^ The prophet now addresses God. — K.i.sHl.
+
+" Sachs, "they are full of the children," &c. Redak,
+and Aben Ezra, "they abound (are content) with the laws
+(the mental children) of the stranger." So also Jonathan,
+" they walk in the customs of the nations." Rashi, how-
+ever, refers it to intermarriage, and renders, " they are
+busied with the children of a strange marriage."
+
+' The prophet first traces the demoralizing efl'ects of
+wealth and then the reverses, as the divine veugeauce.
+
+
+ISAIAH II. III.
+
+
+the high and exalted, and over all the oaks
+of Bashan ;
+
+14 And over all the high mountains, and
+over all the exalted hills ;
+
+15 And over every high tower, and over
+every fortified wall;
+
+IG And over all the ships of Tharshish;
+and over all desirable palaces.'
+
+17 And the pride of man shall be bent
+dow.^5 and the haughtiness of men shall be
+hiunbled: and exalted shall be the Lord
+alcae on that day.
+
+18 And the idols will he utterly alx)lish.
+
+19 And men shall enter into the caverns
+of rocks-, and into the rifts of the earth, be-
+cause of the dread of the Lord, and because
+or the glory of his majestj", when he ariseth
+to terrify the earth.
+
+20 On that day shall a man cast away his
+idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which
+have been made for him to worship, to the
+moles and to the bats;
+
+21 To enter into the clefts of the rocks,
+and into the hollows of the cliffs, because of
+the dread of the Lord, and because of the
+glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to
+terrify the earth.
+
+22 Withdraw yourselves (then) from man,
+whose breath is in his nostrils; because, for
+what is he to be esteemed?''
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ^f For, behold, the Lord, the Eternal of
+hosts, doth remove from Jerusalem and from
+Judah stay and staff," every stay of bread,
+and every stay of water.
+
+2 The hero, and the man of war, the
+i udge, and the prophet, and the prudent,** and
+the ancient,
+
+3 The captain of fifty, and the honourable
+man, and the counsellor, and the skilful arti-
+il'c&Y,' and the eloquent orator.
+
+4 And I will set up boys as their princes,
+and children shall rule over them.
+
+■ Kashi, "Palaces with costlj' floors." Redak, "pic-
+tures." Sachs, "what delighteth the eye."
+
+"■ i. e. What is his value in comparison with God ?
+
+° Abarbanel renders, "stay and st;'5," with "every
+prop;" I. e. the great, who are farther described.
+
+^ Rashi, " the king." Sachs, " diviner."
+
+" Sachs, "Wizard and conjurer."
+
+'Jonathan. Others, "a physician," taking -j^n literally,
+as on ! who binds up a wound — /. e. The public uistresi^
+nhall be so great that each one shall be afraid to rule.
+
+
+5 And so shall the people press man against
+man, and one against the other: the boy
+shall demean liimself proudly against the
+ancient, and the base against the honourable.
+
+C When a man will seize hold on his bro-
+ther in the house of his fother, (saying.) Thou
+hast a garment, thou shalt be our ruler, and
+let this ruin be under thy hand:
+
+7 He will swear on that day, saying, I
+will not be a chief;' and in my house is
+neither bread nor clothing ; you shall not a^)-
+point me a rvder of the peojile.
+
+8 For Jerusalem is sunk to decay, and
+Judah is fallen; because their tongue and
+their doings are against the Lord, to incense
+the eyes of his glory.
+
+9 The boldness'^ of their face testifieth
+against them; and like Sodom they tell
+openly their sin, they conceal it not. Wo
+unto their soul! for they have prepared evil
+unto themselves.
+
+10 Say ye to the righteous, that he hath
+done well;*" for the fruit of their* doings shall
+they eat.
+
+11 Wo unto the wicked who doeth evil;"*
+for the recompense of his hands shall be be-
+stowed on him.
+
+12 My people! their oppres.sors are children,
+and women rule over them. 0 my people !
+thy leaders cause thee to err, ajid the direc-
+tion' of thy paths they corrupt.
+
+13 ^ The Lord is stepj^ed forth to plead,
+and standeth up to judge the people.
+
+14 The Lord will enter into judgment
+with the ancients of his people, and their
+princes; but ye — ye have eaten up the vine-
+yard; the plunder of the poor is in your
+houses.
+
+15 What mean ye that ye crush my people,
+and grind down the faces of the poor? saitli
+the Lord the Eternal of hosts.
+
+16 ^ And the Lord said. Forasmuch as the
+daughters of Zion are proud, and walk with
+stretched forth necks and casting about their
+
+^ Rashi. Sachs, after Aben Ezra, " the appearance,"
+or "traits."
+
+■^ Rashi. Sachs, after Jonathan, "Praise the righteous,
+for it goeth well with him."
+
+' The plural after the singular, or "all who are righteous."
+
+'' Rashi, who takes ;'i as the adjective of ;'tyi. Other.s,
+"it shall be ill with him."
+
+' After Sachs; it means that they who ought to lead
+rightly, cause the people to swerve from the proper path
+into a wrong directiou.
+
+463
+
+
+ISAIAH in. IV. V.
+
+
+ejes, walking and mincing as they go, and
+making a tinkling with their feet :
+
+17 Therefore will the Lord smite with le-
+prosy the crown of the head of the daughters
+of Zion, and the Lord will lay open their
+nakedness.
+
+18 ][ On that day will the Lord take away
+the beauty of their tinkling shoe-buckles, and
+the hair-nets, and the crescent-shaped orna-
+ments,
+
+19 The drops, and the bracelets, and the
+mufflers,
+
+20 The bonnets, and the foot-chains, and
+the head-bands," and the tablets, and the ear-
+rings,
+
+21 The finger- rings, and nose-jewels,
+
+22 The changeable suits of apparel, and the
+mantles, and the shawls, and tlie pockets,
+
+23 The mirrors, and the chemisettes,'' and
+the turbans, and the long vails.
+
+24 And it shall come to pass, that instead
+of sweet smell there shall be corruption ; and
+instead of a girdle a rope; and instead of
+curled hair baldness; and instead of a wide
+garment a girding of sackcloth; a mark of
+burning instead of beauty.
+
+25 Thy men shall fall by the sword, and
+thy miglity ones in the wtir.
+
+26 And then shall her gates lament and
+mourn ; and stript of all shall she sit upon the
+ground.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 And seven women shall take hold of one
+man on that day, saying. We will eat our own
+bread, and wear our own appai'el : only let us
+be called by thy name, take but away our re-
+jiroach.''
+
+2 ^f On that day shall the sprout of the
+Lord be for ornament and for honour, and the
+fruit of the land for excellence and for glory
+for the escaped of Israel.
+
+3 And it shall come to pass, that Avlioever
+is left in Zion, and he that remaineth in Je-
+
+
+* Zunz and others, "belts, smelling-boxes, and amulets."
+
+* y\0 here, is evidently not '-fine linen," but a garment
+made of it. We have followed Sachs and others, who ren-
+der it with Ilcmdclirn, the nearest term to which is the
+one we have chosen. On the whole, there is much uncer-
+tainty what precise ornaments and dresses are described
+hen;; but no doubt that luxury had attained a high pjint
+iu Isaiah's time.
+
+
+rusalem, shall be called holy, every one thai
+is written down unto life in Jerusalem:
+
+4 When the Lord shall ha^ e washed away
+the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall
+have scoured away the blood-guiltiness of Je-
+rusalem from her midst, by the spirit of judg-
+ment, and l)y the spirit of destruction.'*
+
+5 And then will the Lord create upon
+every dwelling of mount Zion, and upon lier
+places of assembly, a cloud and smoke by
+day, and the brightness of a flaming fire by
+night; for over all the gloiy shall be a cover-
+ing."
+
+6 And a tabernacle shall it Ijo for a sliade
+in the daytime from the heat, and for a refuge,
+and for a covert from tempest and from rain.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^[ I will sing now for my beloved, the
+song of my dear one touching his vineyard.
+A vineyard had my beloved on a i-ich hill-top;
+
+2 And he fenced it in, and cleared it of
+stones, and planted it with the choicest vines,
+and built a tower in its midst, and also u
+winepress he hewed out therein : and lie
+hoped that it should bring forth grajDes, anc^
+it brought forth worthless fruit.'
+
+3 And now, 0 inhabitants of Jerusalem,
+and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, be-
+tween me and my vineyard.
+
+4 What more was to be done to my vine-
+yard, that I had not done in it? whj' then
+did I hope that it should bring forth grapes,
+while it brought forth worthless fruit?
+
+5 And now I will let you know also what
+I Avill do to my vineyard : I will take away
+its hedge, and it shall be eaten off;^ I will
+break down its wall, and it shall be trodden
+down ;
+
+C And I will lay it (juite waste; it shall
+not be pruned, nor hoed around; and it shall
+be overgrown with briers and thorns; and
+the clouds will I command that they send
+down no rain upon it.
+
+
+^ Lit. "Removal," or "sweeping out," i.e. of wickedne.ss.
+
+° Philippson, " that it (the cloud) may bo a cover of all
+the glory," and refers to Exod. xl. 34, 35 ; but Rashi
+comments, " for over all the glory promised to them, shall
+be the protection which my majesty shall cover them
+with."
+
+' Rashi, " L(1ihIji-ii</i) , 'wild grapes,'" appearing like
+
+
+1 1 grapes.
+' They demand him in marriage, celibacy being a dis- 'I « /. e. Cattle shall comr in and liud on its branehes; the
+i,'i6. ll same meaning is to be applied tn above, iii. 14.
+
+
+ISAIAH V.
+
+
+7 Vov the vineyard of the Lord of hosts is
+the house of Israel, and the men of Judah are
+the plant of his delight: and he hoped for
+justice, but behold injustice; for equity, but
+liehold iniquity."
+
+8 ^ Wo unto those that cause house to
+join on liouse, bring field near*" to field, till
+there is no more room, so that ye may be left
+alone as the inhabitants in the midst of the
+land !
+
+9 In my ears (spoke) the Lord of hosts.
+Truly many houses shall )jecome desolate,
+yea, great and beautiful ones without an in-
+habitant.
+
+10 Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield
+(but) one bath, and a chomer-seed" shall yield
+(but) an ephah.
+
+11 ^ Wo unto those that rise up early in
+the morning, that they may run after strong
+drink; that continue until late in the twi-
+light, till wine inflame them!
+
+12 And there are harp and psaltery, tam-
+bourine and flute, and wine at their drinkina:-
+feasts ; but the deeds of the Lord they regard
+not, and the works of his hands they behold
+not.
+
+13 Therefore are my people led into exile,
+for want of knowledge :"* and their honour-
+able men suffer of famine, and their multi-
+tude are panting with thirst.
+
+14 Therefore hath the deep' enlarged her
+desire, and opened her mouth without mea-
+sure: and there descend (Jerusalem's)' glory,
+and her multitude, and her noise, and who-
+ever rejoiced therein.
+
+15 And bent down shall be the son of
+earth, and humbled shall be the man, and
+the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled ;
+
+16 And tlie Lord of hosts shall be exalted
+in judgment, and the holy God shall be sanc-
+tified by (displaying his) righteousness.
+
+17 Then shall the sheep feed according to
+
+
+° Lit. "outcry," i. e. against the false decrees of the !
+judges. It has been endeavored to retain the play on
+the words in the original, oaB^n against n-JiyrD, and npnv
+against rypyiS.
+
+'' i. e. By taking away by force the intermediate pro-
+perty.
+
+° A rlwmrr is ten rphahs or ten haf/i>'.
+
+^ r\;;T ''730 is rendered by Sachs "unawares;" /. <•. be-
+fore they are aware or knowing of the evil. We have
+followed Rashi and Jonathan, who also give a;'"! 'no with
+■• dying of faniiiic"
+
+h^HV/ is rendered /n/l in tliu English version : but the
+31
+
+
+I their wont, and the ruins of the fat ones shall
+sojourners eat.
+
+18 ][ Wo unto those that draw iniquity
+with the cords of falsehood, and as with a
+wagon-rope, sinfulness ;
+
+19 That say, Let liini make speed, let him
+hasten his work, that we niay see it: and let
+draw nigh and come the counsel of the Holy
+One of Israel, that we may know it!
+
+2(J ^1 Wo unto those that say of tlu' (■\ il it
+is good, and of the good it is evil; tliat put
+darkness for liglit, and light for darkness;
+that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bit-
+ter!
+
+21 ^[ Wo unto those that are wise in their
+own eyes, and intelligent in their own es-
+teem !^
+
+22 ][ Wo unto those that are heroes to
+drink wine, and men of might to mingle
+strong drink;
+
+23 Who justify the wicked in lieu of a
+bribe, and who deprive the righteous of their
+
+j right!
+
+2-1 ^ Therefore as the tongue of the fire
+devoureth the stubble, and dry hay sinketh
+before the flame : so shall their root be as rot-
+ten tilings, and their blossom shall fly up as
+the dust ; because they have despised the law
+of the Lord of hosts, and the word of the
+Holy One of Israel they have rejected.
+
+25 For this cause is kindled the anger of
+the Lord against his jieople, and he stretcheth"
+forth his hand against them, and he smiteth
+them ; and the mountains tremble, and their
+carcasses lie like sweepings' in the midst of
+the streets: with all this his anger is not
+turned away, but still is his hand stretched
+out.
+
+26 And he will lift up an ensign to tlie
+nations from afar, and will call' for one t)f
+them from the end of the earth; and, behold,
+with speed, swiftly, it cometh;
+
+general idea is the place where the dead go to, '■ the grave,"
+•'the deep." "the nether world."
+
+' After Rashi,
+
+s Heb. "and in the presence of their face."
+
+^ In the Hebrew the past tense is used, because to the
+prophet's eyes the present is already past.
+
+' After Rashi. But Aben Ezra takes the 3 of nniD3
+belonging to the root, and renders, "shall be cast away."
+Redak, ■out in pieces."
+
+' Lit. "whistle." or "pipe." Rashi, •'■ Siffler, which is
+also a sign for gathering, like the lifting up nf tlic lian-
+uer."
+
+4iJ-J
+
+
+ISAIAH V. VI. VII.
+
+
+27 There is none weary nor stumbling
+among its men ; it slumbereth not, it sleepeth
+not; not loosened is the girdle of its loins,
+not broken is the latchet of its shoes;
+
+28 Whose arrows are sharpened, and all
+whose bows are bent; its horses hoofs are hard
+like the flint, and its wheels like the whirl-
+wind;
+
+29 It hath a roar like the lioness, it roareth
+like the young lions: yea, it growleth, and
+layeth hold of the prey, and carrieth it safely
+off. with none to deliver.
+
+SO And it will rage against them on that
+day like with the raging of the sea: and if one
+look unto the earth, behold, there is dai'kness,
+oppression," and the light is darkened through
+the darkness of its clouds.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ In the year of king 'Uzziyahu's death
+I saw the Lord sitting upon a high and ex-
+alted throne, and his train filled the temple.
+
+2 Seraphim were standing around him,
+each one had six wings; with two he covered
+his fiice, and with two he covered his feet,
+and with two did he fly.
+
+3 And one called unto the other, and said.
+Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts; the
+whole earth is full of his glory.
+
+4 And the posts of the threshold shook at
+the voice of those that called aloud, and the
+house was filled with smoke.
+
+5 And I said. Wo is me! for I am lost; be-
+cause a man of unclean lips am I, and in the
+midst of a people of unclean lips do I dwell;
+for the King, the Lord of hosts have my eyes
+seen.
+
+6 Then flew unto me one of the seraphim,
+and in his hand was a live coal," with the
+tongs had he taken it from off the altar :
+
+7 And he touched therewith upon my
+moutli, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy
+lips; and thy iniquity is departed, and thy
+sin is forgiven.
+
+8 And I heard the voice of the Lord, say-
+
+
+' ('. e. The inimical nation, against Israel.
+
+'' Sachs, "darkness of distress," otherwise this verse is
+rendered after him. Some translate, "moon and sun are
+rendered dark through its clouds;" making tv the moon,
+or small luminary.
+
+° Sachs, "a glowing stone."
+
+'' Philippson, " You sh.ill hear, but not understand," &c.
+
+' After Rash i. Other.s, " Make obdurate," &c. ; mean-
+ing, the perverseness of the people is so great that the
+400
+
+
+ing. Whom shall I send, and who will go for
+us? And I said. Here am I: send me.
+
+9 And he said. Go. and say unto this peo-
+ple. Hear'' indeed, but understand not; and
+see indeed, but know not.
+
+10 Obdurate" will remain the heart of this
+people, and their ears will be heavyj and their
+eyes will be shut: so that they will not see
+with their eyes, nor hear with their ears, nor
+their hearts be understanding, so that they
+be converted, and healing be granted them.
+
+11 And I said, How long, 0 Lord? And
+he said, Until that cities be left waste without
+an inlial)itant, and houses without man, and
+the soil be made desolate as a wilderness,
+
+12 And the Lord will have removed far
+away the men, and the depopulation be great
+in the midst of the land.
+
+13 And should a tenth part thereof yet re-
+main, it will again be swept away: (yet) like
+the terebinth and the oak, which, when they
+cast their leaves, retain their stems, so re-
+maineth the holy seed, its' stem.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass in the days of
+Aehaz the son of Jotham, the son of 'Uzzi-
+yahu, the king of Judah, that Rezin the king
+of Syria, and Pekach the son of Remalyahu,
+the king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem
+to war against it; but were not able to make
+an attack upon it.
+
+2 And it was told unto the house'^ of David,
+saying, Syria is encamped with Ephraim ;
+and his heart trembled, with the heart of his
+people, as the trees of the forest are shaken
+before the wind.
+
+3 ^ And the Lord said unto Isaiah, Go forth
+now to meet Achaz, thou with Shear-yashub
+thy son, to the end of the aqueduct of the up-
+per pool, on the highway of the washer's" field;
+
+4 jiVnd thou shalt say unto him. Take
+heed, and be quiet; fear not, and let thy
+heart not become ftiint because of these two
+stumps of smoking firebrands, before the fierce
+
+
+prophetic mission will only display the stronger their un-
+worthiness. (See Exod. iii. Ht; Deut. xxix. 3.)
+
+' Israel's. The deciduous tree easts its leaves iu the
+autumn; still it dies not; with return of the spring a new
+foliage appears; so, though destruction comes after de-
+struction over the godless, the holy seed, the truly pious,
+are the stem, the trunk of Israel's tree, sending out new
+branches and new leaves I'or ever.
+
+
+The kinii
+
+
+Othe
+
+
+• fuller's field."
+
+
+ISAIAH YII. VIII.
+
+
+anger of Rezin with Syria, and of the son of
+Remalyahu.
+
+5 Forasmuch as Syria, (with) Ephraini and
+the son of Remalyahu, have taken evil coun-
+sel against thee, saying,
+
+6 Let us go up against Judah, and hesiege''
+it, and let us make a breach therein for us,
+and set up as king in the midst of it the son
+of Tabeal :
+
+7 ][ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, It
+shall not succeed, and it shall not come to pass.
+
+8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, and
+the head of Damascus is Rezin : and within
+sixty and five'' years shall Ephraim be broken,
+to be no more a people.
+
+9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria,
+and the head of Samaria is Remalyahu's son.
+If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not
+have permanence.
+
+10 ][ And the Lord continued to speak
+unto Achaz, saying,
+
+11 Ask tliee a sign from the Lord thy God;
+ask it in the depth, or high up above.
+
+12 But Achaz said, I will not ask, and I
+will not tempt the Lord.
+
+lo And he said. Hear ye now, 0 house of
+David ! Is it too little for you to weary men,
+that ye will weary also my God ?
+
+14 Therefore will the Lord biniself give
+you a sign: behold, this young' woman shall
+conceive, and bear a son, and she*^ shall call
+his name 'Immanu-el, (God with us.)
+
+15 Cream' and honey shall he eat, so soon
+as he knoweth to refuse the evil, and to choose
+tlio good.
+
+16 For before yet the child shall know to
+refuse the evil, and to choose the good, shall
+be forsaken the land, of the kings of which
+thou feelest dread.
+
+17 The Lord will bring over thee, and over
+thy people, and over thy flither's house, days
+that have not come, from the day that Ephraim
+withdrew from Judah, — the king of Assyria.
+
+
+' Philippson, ''inclose." 8aohs, "trouble."
+
+*■ Rashi refers this to the prophecy of 'Amos from
+
+which the period is to be dated to which Isaiah now refers;
+
+and to this he properly appends a sign, Achaz having no
+
+doubt shown that he believed Isaiah as little as the older
+
+prophet 'Amos.
+
+° noS;? does not necessarily signify vinjin, but a young
+
+marriageable woman in general. (See also Prov.xxx. 21.)
+
+* Others, "and thou shalt call," addressing the young-
+woman herself.
+
+• liashi, who comments, •• Now all is desolate by the
+
+
+18 ^ And it shall come to pass on tluit
+day, that the Lord will call'' for the lly tliat
+is in the uttermost end of the streams of Egypt,
+and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria.
+
+19 And they shall come, and shall encamp,
+all of them, in tlie desolate valleys, and in
+the clefts of the rocks, and upon all thorn-
+hedges, and upon all bushes.
+
+20 On the same day will the Lord shave
+with the razor that is hired, from among those
+on the other side of the river, with the king
+of Assyria,*^ the head, and the hair of the
+feet: and also the beard shall it entirely
+remove.
+
+21 ^ And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that a man shall nourish (but) one young
+cow,*" and two sheep;
+
+22 And it shall happen, that lor the abun-
+dance of milk which the}' shall give he shall
+eat cream; for cream and honey shall eat
+every one that is left in the midst of the land.
+
+23 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+that every place, where there are (now) a thou-
+sand vines worth a thousand silver shekels,
+shall be, — ^^■'ea, this shall be (given up) to
+briers and thorns.
+
+24 With arrows and with bows shall men
+enter thither; because all the land shall be-
+come (covereil with) briers and thorns.
+
+25 And all mountains that are worked
+with the mattock, there' shall not come thither
+the fear of briers and thorns: and they snail
+serve for the pasture of oxen, and for the
+treading of sheep.
+
+CHAPTER VIIL
+
+1 ^ And tlie Lord said unto me. Take
+thyself a large table,' and write on it with
+distinct letters,' Lemaher-shalal-chash-bas.""
+
+2 And I was to summon for myself trust-
+worthy witnesses, Uriyah the priest, and
+Zecharyahu the son of Yeberech}ahu.
+
+3 And I came near unto the prophetess;
+
+war; but this shall cease speedily and there be plenty
+for all."
+
+' Lit. " whistle." (See above, v. 26.)
+
+^ The Assyrian is the razor which is to do God's bidding.
+
+^ Kashi, "after the desolation, and on the little that is
+left will I send my blessing."
+
+' Philippson, "thou shalt not enter there for fear of
+briers and thistles."
+
+'.Jonathan. Rashi, "roll.".
+
+' Jonathan; lit. "the pen," "or style of a man."
+
+" L e. Speedy booty, sudden spoil.
+
+Mil
+
+
+ISAIAH VIII.
+
+
+aud «he conceived, and bore a sou. Then
+said the Lord to me, Call his name Maher-
+shalal-chash-bas.
+
+4 For before yet the boy shall know to
+call, My father, and my mother, the wealth
+of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shall
+be carried away before the king of Assyria.
+
+5 ]| And the Lord continued to speak
+unto me again, saying,
+
+6 Forasmuch as this people despiseth the
+waters of Shiloach that flow softl}', and rejoice
+in Reziu and Remal_yahu's son:
+
+7 Yea therefore behold, the Lord bringeth
+up over them the strong aud many waters of
+the river, — the king of Assyria, and all his
+glory; aud he shall come up over all his
+channels, and step over all his banks ;
+
+8 And he shall penetrate into Judah, over-
+sow and flood over, even to the neck shall he
+reach ; and his outstretched wings shall fill
+the breadth of thy land, 0 'Immanu-el."
+
+9 ]| Associate'' yourselves, 0 ye people, yet
+shall ye be broken in pieces; and give ear,
+all ye of the far portions of the earth : gird'
+yourselves, yet shall ye be broken in pieces;
+gird yourselves, yet shall ye be broken in
+pieces.
+
+10 Take counsel together, yet shall it come
+to naught; speak the word, and it shall not
+stand firm; for with us is God.
+
+11 II For thus said the Lord to me with
+the strength of prophecy, aud warned me not
+to -valk in the Avay of this people, saying,
+
+12 Call'' ye not a conspiracy all that this
+people may call a conspiracy, and what it
+feareth shall ye not fear, and be not terrified
+(thereat).
+
+1 3 The Lord of hosts, him shall ye sanctif^y ;
+
+" 'Immanu-el was tbe child that was to show the early
+fulfilment >f the prophecy in chap. vii. ; hence his name
+stands for the land of Judah, which, notwithstanding the
+danger predicted, should still be delivered ; as was done
+when Sennacherib's army fell before Jerusalem.
+
+" Rashi and Jonathan. Zunz, "rage, nations, and fear."
+Akin Vi'iTs, "]5c ye broken and crushed."
+
+' With armour.
+
+'' Lit. " Say not a conspiracy of all," &c. Tbe conspiracy
+i-f probably the confederacy of the enemies of Judah ; and
+tio prophet sfluni2isV.cs himfclf and others not to be dis-
+m.'^.j'ed at the apparent danger
+
+' Ra'ihi, "bind and seal the warning and the teaching
+>f tho l;;w on the heart of 'iiy disciples who fear the Loun,"
+properly called, " the disciples of tlie Lord."
+
+' Lit. "chirp," like a bird. Kngiisb version, "peep,"
+iu the Jiiune sense.
+
+'This 16 the ansHci wiiich is to bi givcu ; leudered
+
+m
+
+
+aud let him be your fear, and let him be your
+terror.
+
+14 And he will be for a sanctuary; but
+also for a stone of stumbling and for a rock
+to fall over unto both the houses of Israel, for
+a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of
+Jerusalem.
+
+15 And many shall stumble over them, and
+fall, and be broken, and snared, and be caught.
+
+16 T[ Bind" up the testimony, seal up the
+law among my disciples.
+
+17 And I will wait for the Lord, that
+hideth his face from the house of Jacob, aud
+I will hope for him.
+
+18 Behold, I and the children whom the
+Lord hath given me are for signs and for
+tokens in Israel, from the Lord of hosts who
+dwelleth on mount Ziou.
+
+19 Aud when they shall say unto you,
+" Inquire of those that have familiar spirits,
+and of the wizards, that whisper,'' aud that
+mutter :" should" not a people inquire of their
+God? (should we then) in behalf of the liv-
+ing (inquire) of the dead?
+
+20 (Hold) to the law and to the testimony:
+if they are not to speak according to this
+word.'' in which there is no light.
+
+21 And the (people) shall pa.ss tln-ough
+(the laud), hard oppressed and hungry: and
+it shall come to pass, that when they shall be
+hungry, they will become enraged, and curse
+their king and their god, and turn to^\•ard on
+high (for aid).'
+
+22 And they will look unto the earth;
+and behold there are trouble aud darknf^^s,
+dimness of oppression, and they shall be scat-
+tered into obscurity.
+
+23 For no fatigue'' (befalleth) liim that op-
+after Rashi. But Jonathan, "this is the custom of the
+nations who worship error, they inquire of their idols, of
+the dead for the living."
+
+'' Rashi renders, " You will see that they will say in ac-
+cordance with this word, that their fiilse gods have no
+power to grant prayer;" t.aking tnty " to seek by eutreaty."
+I'hilippson, " (Back) to the law and testimony, if tbe peo-
+jile to whom uo morning dawneth speak not after this
+word;" meaning, that no light shall be given to those
+who turn not back to the law. ' Jonathan.
+
+'' This verse is given after Rashi aud Jonathan ; though
+the latter renders the last part, "and the remainder shall
+a mighty king lead captive, because they remembered not
+God's power at the (Red) Sea, and the miracles at the
+Jordan near the cities of the nations." rh refer.-; to the
+land. S'Sj Rashi applies to all Palestine, "the laud to
+which the nations draw in masses." This verse is the
+1st (if ehaj). i.\. in the English version.
+
+
+ISAIATI VTTr. IX.
+
+
+presseth it; in the first time he made light
+of the land of Zcl)ulun, and the land of Naph-
+tali, and at the last he will deal hard, with
+the way by the sea, on the other side of the
+Jordan, (up to) the Galilee of the nations.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 The people that walk in darkness have
+seen a great light: they that dwell in the
+land of the shadow of death — a light shineth
+brightly over them.
+
+2 Thou hast multiplied the nation, made
+great their joj*: they rejoice before thee as
+with the joy in harvest, as men are glad when
+they divide the spoil.
+
+3 For the yoke of their burden, and the
+staff on their shoulder, the rod of their op-
+pressor, hast thou broken, as on the day of
+Midian.
+
+4 For" all the weapons of the fighter in
+tlie battle's tumult, and the garment rolled
+in blood, shall be burnt, become food for fire.
+
+5 For a child is born unto us, a son hath
+been given unto us, and the government is
+placed on his shoulders; and his name is
+called. Wonderful, counsellor of the mighty
+God, of the everlasting Father, the prince of
+peace,"
+
+6 For (promoting) the increase of the go-
+vernment, and for peace without end, upon
+the throne of David and upon his kingdom,
+to establish it and to support it through jus-
+tice and righteousness, from henceforth and
+unto eternity: the zeal of the Lord of hosts
+will do this.
+
+7 ][ A word hath the Lord sent against
+Jacob, and it hath alighted upon Israel.
+
+8 And experience it shall all the people
+together, Ephraim and the iidiabitants of
+Samaria; because they say, in the pride and
+haughtiness of heart,
+
+9 "The bricks are follen down, but with
+hewn stones will we re-build : the svcamores'
+
+
+" After Heinemann, Sachs, Pliilippson. Hoehstadter,
+'' all rattling armour."
+
+"" Heineniaun ; Rashi renders, '• and theWonderful, coun-
+sellor, mighty God, the everlasting Father, hath called his
+name The prince of peace." Aben Ezra, however, after
+whom Philippson, applies all the words as epithets of the
+prince, (Hezekiah,) and translates, "and people call him,
+W^onder, counsellor, mighty one of God, perpetual father,
+p.ince of peace." The only difficulty in the verse is the
+word Sn which may as well be rendered with Aben Ezra
+'powerful," as God. a> this word is found in the same
+
+
+are cut down. Imt with cedars will we replace
+them."
+
+10 Therefore will the Loku strengthen the
+adversaries of Rezin above him, and will stir
+up'* his enemies ;
+
+11 The Syrians in front, and the Philistines
+behind; and they shall devour Israel with a
+full mouth. For all this his anger is not
+turned away, but his hand still remaineth
+stretched out.
+
+12 And the people return not unto him
+that smiteth them, and the Lord of hosts do
+they not seek.
+
+13 ][ And tlie Lord cutteth off from Israel
+head and tail, palm-branch and rush, on one
+day.
+
+14 The ancient and honoura))le is the
+head; and tlie prophet that teaclieth lies is
+the tail.
+
+15 And the guides of this people are those
+that guide to error; and those that are led
+of them ai'e misled.'
+
+16 Therefore will the Lord have no joy in
+their young men, and on their fatherless and
+widows will he have no mercy ; for every one
+is a hypocrite and an evil-doer, and every
+month speaketh scandalous words. For all
+this his anger is not turned away, but his
+hand still remaineth stretched out.
+
+17 For wickedness burnetii like the fire;
+it shall devour the briers and thorns; and it
+shall kindle (a flame) in the thickets of the
+forest, and they shall be shrouded' by the
+wreaths of smoke.
+
+18 ]| Through the fury of the Lord of
+hosts is the land scorched,* and the people
+have become as food for the fire; no man will
+spare his brother.
+
+19 And he snatcheth on the right hand,
+and is (yet) hungry ; and he eateth on the
+left hand, and are not (yet) satisfied; they
+shall eat every man the flesh of his own
+arm :
+
+
+sense in E.xod. xv. 11, 15. Only the importance attached
+to this verse by controversialists has induced us to spe:ik
+so much of it, as it evidently alludes to a child born
+already, jnj '-hath been." not |nr "shall be given."
+
+" Sachs, "mulberries." Othens, "wild fig trees."
+
+" "Arm."— Sachs.
+
+' "And their misled ones are ruined." — PhilippsoN.
+
+' " They shall be shrouded and shut out by the strength
+of the smoke of the conflagration." — Repak.
+
+' Rashi, "the smoke is thrown over the earth " He-
+dak, "the laud is darkened."
+
+■4t;9
+
+
+ISAIAH IX. X.
+
+
+20 Menasseli (against)" Ephraim; and
+Ephraim (against) Menasseh; and they to-
+gether against Judah. For all this his anger
+is not turned away, but his hand still remain-
+eth stretched out.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ Wo unto those that decree decrees of
+unrighteousness, and the writers" who write
+down wrongful things;
+
+2 To turn aside from judgment the needy,
+and to rob the just due of the poor of my peo-
+ple, that widows may be their prey, and (that)
+they may plunder the fatherless !
+
+3 And what will ye do on the day of the
+visitation, and at the desolation which will
+come from afar? to whom will ye flee for
+help? and where will ye leave your glory?
+
+4 Without me' they shall kneel down un-
+der the prisoners, and under the slain shall
+they fall. For all this his anger is not
+turned away, but his hand still remaineth
+stretched out.
+
+5 T[ Wo over Asshur, the rod of my an-
+ger; and a staff is in their hand my indigna-
+tion.
+
+6 Against a hypocritical nation will I send
+him, and against the people of my fury
+will I give him a charge, to take the spoil,
+and to carry off the prey, and to render them
+trodden down like the mire of the streets.
+
+7 But he deemeth it not so, and his heart
+doth not think so; but to destroy is in his
+heart, and to cut oft' nations not a few.
+
+8 For he saith, "Are not my princes alto-
+gether kings?
+
+9 Is not Calno like Karkemish? is not Cha-
+math like Arpad? is not Samaria like Da^
+mascus?
+
+10 As my hand hath reached the king-
+doms of the idols, whose graven images ex-
+ceeded in number those of Jerusalem and of
+Samaria :
+
+11 Shall I not, as I have done unto Sar
+
+• After Aben Ezra. But Rashi, " Menasseh joineth
+Ephraim," &c.
+
+'' Sachs. But Rashi, " and sign wrongful writings,"
+D'3n3n as " the written transactions. He also renders,
+" Wo to those who indict false obligations."
+
+Redak. Rashi, after Jonathan, " where they have
+
+not kneeled there shall thoy be prisoners ;" ('. e. beyond
+
+I'lilestine, taking rinn as "on the spot." Sachs, "he
+
+who hath never kneeled (shall do it) among prisoners,"
+
+470
+
+
+maria and her idols, do so unto Jerusalem
+and unto her idols ?"
+
+12 Tl Wherefore shall it come to pass, that
+when the Lord hath completed all his work
+on mount Zion and in Jerusalem, I will punish
+the fruit of the haughtiness of the king of
+Asshur, and the vain-glory of his proud
+looks.
+
+13 For he hath said, "By the strength of
+my hand have I done it, and by my wisdom,
+for I have intelligence; and I have removed
+the boundaries of nations, and their laid-up
+treasures have I plundered, and brought down
+low those that were powerfully seated.''
+
+14 And my hand hath reached, as a bird's
+nest, the wealth of the people: and as one
+gathereth up eggs that are forsaken, have I
+myself gathered up all the earth; and there
+was not one that moved the wing, or opened
+tlie mouth, or chirped."
+
+15 Shall the axe boast itself over hhn that
+heweth therewith? or shall the saw magnify
+itself against him that swingeth it? as if the
+rod should swing about those that lift it up,
+or as if the staff should lift up him who is no
+wood."
+
+16^ Therefore will the Lord, the Eternal of
+hosts, send forth among his fat ones leanness;
+and under his glory shall be kindled a burn-
+ing like the burning of a fire.
+
+17 And the light of Israel shall become a
+fire, and his Holy One a flame; and it shall
+burn and devour his thorns and his briers on
+one day.
+
+18 And the glory of his forest, and of his
+fruitful field, both soul and body, will he de-
+stroy: and he shall be as (a tree) eaten to
+powder by the worms.'
+
+19 And the rest of the trees of his forest
+shall be few in number, so that a boy may
+write them down.
+
+20 ][ And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as
+are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall not
+
+
+&c. Our version is, " where God does not aid, all human
+strength is vain."
+
+■* Jonathan, "that dwell in strong cities." 1"3SO is
+thus used adverbially. Philippson, and English version,
+"as a valiant man." Rashi, "many inhabitants."
+
+' Rashi.
+
+'Rashi, taking ddU to mean 'gnaw-worm." Sachs,
+"as the fading away of a sick man," from OOD "to melt
+away."
+
+
+tSAtAH X. Xt
+
+
+farther lean for support again upon liiiu that
+sniitelh them; hut they shall lean for support
+upon the Lord, the Holy One of Israel, in truth.
+
+21 The remnant shall return, the remnant
+of Jacoh, unto the mighty (lod.
+
+22 For though thy people Israel should be
+as the sand of the sea, (yet) a remnant (only)
+of them shall return : destruction is decreed,
+it overtloweth with righteousness.
+
+23 For it is completed and decreed: the
+Lord, the Eternal of hosts will do it in the
+midst of all the land.
+
+24 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord the
+Eternal of hosts, Be not afraid, 0 my people
+tliJit dwellest in Zion, of Asshur, who will
+smite thee with the rod, and lift up his staflf
+against thee, after the maimer of Egypt.
+
+25 ^ For yet but a very little Avhile more,
+and the indignation shall cease, and my anger
+shall be for their destruction."
+
+26 And the Lord of hosts shall hft up a
+scourge over him like (at) thesmitingof Midian
+at the rock of 'Oreb : and as his staff was lifted
+over the sea, so will he carry him off after
+the manner of Egypt.
+
+27 And it shall come to pass in that day,
+that his burden shall be removed from off
+thy shoulder, and his yoke from off thy neck,
+and the yoke shall be broken because of the
+fatness.
+
+28 He cometh to 'Ayath," he passeth on
+to Migron; at Michmash he lajeth up his
+baggage ;
+
+29 They go through the pass; they take up
+tlieir lodging at Geba'; Ramah trembleth;
+Gib'ah of Saul fleeth.
+
+30 Let thy voice resound, 0 daughter of
+Gallim ; listen Laj'shah ; 0 poor 'Anathoth !
+
+31 Madmenah is in motion; the inhabit-
+ants of Gebim are assembled to flee.
+
+32 As yet to-day will he remain at Nob:
+then will he swing his hand against the mount
+of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jeru-
+salem.
+
+
+' Jonathan, " over the nations that do wicked deeds to
+destroy them." Rashi, "and my anger will stop, because
+of their (Assyrians') blasphemy."
+
+'' Metaphorical, as though by the increase of fat around
+the neck the bars of the yoke would crack asunder.
+
+' This is a prophetical description of the march of Sen-
+nacherib's army approaching Jerusalem in order to invest
+it, and of the terror and confusion spreading and increas-
+ing through the several places as he advanced ; expressed
+with great brevity, but finely diversified.
+
+
+33 ^1 Beliold, the Lord, the Eternal of
+hosts, will lop off the fruitful bough with
+terrific might: and those of towering growth
+shall be hewn down, and the high shall be
+laid low.
+
+34 And he will cut down the thickets of
+the forests with iron, and the Lebanon shall
+fall by (means of) a mighty one.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 Tl And there shall come forth a shoot
+out of the stem of Jes.'^e, and a sprout shall
+spring out of his roots.
+
+2 And there shall rest upon him the spirit
+of the Lord, the spirit of wisdom and under-
+standing, the spirit of counsel and might, the
+spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the
+Lord ;
+
+3 And he shall be animated'' by the fear
+of the Lord; and not after the sight of his
+eyes shall he judge, and not after the hearing
+of his ears shall he decide;
+
+4 But he shall judge with righteousness
+the poor, and decide with equity for the suf-
+fering ones of the earth;' and he shall smite
+the earth with the rod of his mouth, and
+with the breath of his lips shall he slay the
+wicked.
+
+5 And righteousness' shall be tlie girdle of
+his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his
+hips.
+
+6 And the wolf shall then dwell with the
+sheep, and the leopard shall lie down with
+the kid ; and the calf and the young lion and
+the fatling (shall be) together, and a little bo\-
+shall lead them.
+
+7 And the cow and the she-bear shall feed,
+together shall their young ones lie down : and
+the lion shall like the ox eat straw.
+
+8 And the sucking child shall play on the
+hole of the asp, and on the basilisk's den
+shall the weaned child stretch out his hand.
+
+9 They shall not do hurt nor destroy on
+all my holy mountain; for the earth^ shall be
+
+^ Rashi. Redak, "He shall understand quickly," from
+nn "the smell." Philippson, "A pleasant odour is to
+him the fear," &c.
+
+• Others, "the land."
+
+' Jonathan, " And the righteous shall be all around
+him, and those who act faithfully shall come near
+him."
+
+' The effect of the spread of the knowledge of truth
+shall be to remove all contention, discord and strife, —
+universal peace — universal knowledge.
+
+471
+
+
+ISAIAH XI. XII. XIII.
+
+
+full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the
+waters cover the sea.*
+
+10 |[ And it shall happen on that day, that
+(he of) the root of Jesse, who shall stand as
+an ensign of the people, to him shall nations
+(come to) inquire: and his resting-place*" shall
+be glorious."
+
+11 ^f And it shall happen on th<j.t day, that
+the Lord will put forth his hand again the
+second time to acquire the remnant of his
+people, which shall remain, from Asshur -.nd
+from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from
+(,'ush, and from 'Elani, and from Shin'ar, and
+from Chamatb, and from the islands of the
+sea.
+
+12 And he will lift up an ensign unto the
+nations, and will assemble the outcasts of
+Israel; and the dispersed of Judah will he
+collect together from the four corners of the
+earth.
+
+13 A.nd then shall depart the envy of
+Ephraim, and the adversaries'* of Judah shall
+be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah,
+and Judah shall not assail Ephraim.
+
+14 But they shall fly upon the shoulders
+of the Philistines toward the west; together
+shall they spoil the children of the east : upon
+Edom and Moab shall they lay their hands;
+and the children of 'Amnion shall obey
+them.
+
+15 And the Lord will utterly destroy the
+tongue of the Egyptian sea ; and lie will swing
+his hand over tlie river with his mighty'-'
+wind, and will smite it into seven streams,
+and render it passable with shoes.
+
+16 And there shall be a high-way for the
+remnant of his people, which shall remain
+from Asshur, like as it was to Israel on the
+day that they came up out of the land of
+Egypt.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 And thou shalt say on that day, " I will
+thank thee, 0 Lord, that thou wast angry
+
+
+* '('. f. The bed of the sea; and so Sachs, " the depth of
+the sea."
+
+'' Jonathan.
+
+° Lit. "glory," and is so rendered by Sachs and others.
+Ilouhstadter, " and rest sliall be glorious to him."
+
+" Kedak and other.s, " the enemies of Ephraim among
+Judah;" ('. e. neither party shall desire war.
+
+" Sachs, after Sa'adyah, " with the glowing of his anger;"
+D'p from an Arabic root, signifying "ihe glowing."
+•)7-J
+
+
+with me : thy anger (now) is turned away,
+a.nd thou comfortest me.
+
+2 Behold, God is my salvation : I will trust
+and not he afraid; for my strength and song
+is Yah the Eternal; and he is become m}'
+salvation."
+
+3. And ye shall draw water with gladness
+out of the spring-s of salvation.
+
+4 And ye shall say on that day, "Give
+thanks unto the I-ord, call on his name,
+mike known his deeds among the people,
+keep it in remembrance that exalted is his
+name.
+
+5 Sing unto the Lord; for he hath wrought
+a stupendous thing: knovai is this on all the
+earth."
+
+6 Call aloud and shout, > babi tress of
+Zion; for great is in the niiu^t o" tbee the
+Holy One of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 Tf The doom*^ of Babylon, whicli Isaiah
+the son of Amoz foresaw.
+
+2 Upon a liigh^ mountain lift ye up a ban-
+ner, raise high ^our voice unto them, Avave the
+hand, that they may enter into the gates of the
+princes.
+
+3 I have chai'ged my prepared ones, I have
+also called my heroes for my anger, those that
+rejoice in my highness.''
+
+4 There is a noise of tumult on the moun-
+tains, like that of a numerous people; a noise
+of shouting of kingdoms of nations assembled :
+the Lord of hosts mustereth a host of battle.'
+
+5 They are coming from a far-off country,
+from the end of the heavens, (here is) the
+Lord, with the weapons of his indignation, to
+destroy all the land.
+
+6 Wail ye; for nigh is the day of the
+Lord ; like wasting from the Almighty shall
+it come.
+
+7 Therefore all hands shall become weak,
+and every mortal's heart shall melt;
+
+8 And they shall be afirighted, pangs and
+
+
+' Rashi, who comments, " the load of punishment."
+Lit. "burden," or that prophecy which announces what
+is heavy, or direful, — or simply doom.
+
+* Rashi and Jonathan, "against the secure mountains;"
+but Babylon was in a plain; it is evidently merely a cal!.
+for all the enemies to assemble.
+
+'' Aben Ezra, " to display my strength."
+
+' A beautiful description of a gradual gathering of a
+large army at a distance from the speaker.
+
+
+a.
+
+D
+
+m
+
+
+ISAIAH XIII. XIV.
+
+
+pains shall seize on them; they shall havej
+throes as a woman that travaileth; one at
+the other shall they look amazed; red like
+Hames shall their faces glow". |
+
+9 Behold, the day of the Lokd cometh.'
+direful/' (laden) with wrath and the fierceness,
+of anger, to render the earth desolate: and
+its sinners will he destroy out of it.
+
+10 For the stars of the heavens and their
+constellations shall not give forth their light:
+the sun shall be darkened in his going forth,
+and the moon shall not shed abroad her light.
+
+11 And I will visit on the world" its evil,
+and on the wicked their iniquity; and I will
+stop the arrogance of the presumptuous, and
+the haughtiness of the tyrants will I humble.
+
+12 I will make the mortal more precious''
+than fine gold; and man, more than the va-
+lued metfil of Ophir.
+
+13 Therefore will I shake the heavens, and
+the earth shall start quaking out of her place,
+at the wn-ath of the Lord of hosts, and on the
+day of his fierce anger.
+
+14 And the people shall be as the chased
+roe, and as flocks wiiich no one gathereth up;
+every man to his own people shall they turn, i
+and every man into his own land shall they '
+flee. ■ j
+
+15 Every one that is foiuid shall be thrust
+through; and every one that is joined unto
+thenf shall fill by the sword.
+
+16 And their babes shall be dashed to
+pieces before their ej-es : spoiled shall be their
+houses, and their wives ravished. I
+
+17 Behold, I will stir up against them the
+Medes; who will not regard silver, and who
+will not delight in gold. I
+
+18 And their bows will dash young men to
+pieces ; and on the fruit of the womb will
+they have no mercy; on children their eye
+will not look with pity.
+
+10 And (thus) shall Babylon, the glory of!
+kingdoms, the proud' ornament of the Chal- i
+deans, become like the overthrow through
+God of Sodom aud Gomorrah.
+
+
+* Lit. "the faces of flames (are) their faces."
+
+*■ Heb. "cruel," as though the day itself were inex-
+orable. Others render, '"earth," '-land," i. e. Babylon.
+
+" Rashi and Eedak refer this to Babylon.
+
+^ i. r. Scarcer, so many shall die.
+
+' So Jonathan and Rashi. Sachs, "who hideth him-
+Belf" riiilippson comments, "who joins the enemy."
+Heinemann. "who is caught."
+
+' Lit. "the ornament of the pride," or "arrogance."
+,-; K
+
+
+20 It shall not 1)o inhabited for ever, and
+it shall not be dwelt in from generation to
+generation ; nor shall the Arabian pitch there
+his tent; and shepherds shall not let their
+flocks rest there ;
+
+21 But there shall rest the wild beasts of
+the desert; and their houses shall be fidl of
+owls; and ostriches shall dwell there, and
+evil spirits shall dance there.
+
+22 And jackals* shall howl in her palaces,"
+and monsters in the temples of pleasure; and
+near to come is her time, and her days shall
+not be extended.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 For the Lord will have mercy on Jacob,
+and will again make choice of Israel, and
+replace them in their own land: and the
+strangers shall be joined unto them, and
+they shall attach themselves to the house of
+Jacob.
+
+2 And nations shall take them, and bring
+them to their own place; but the house of
+Israel shall obtain possession of them in the
+land of the Lord for men-servants and for
+maid-servants; and they shall take captive
+their captors, and they shall rule over their
+oppressors.'
+
+3 ^ And it shall come to pass on the day
+when the Lord will give thee rest from thy
+trouble, and from thy vexation, and from the
+hard bondage wherein thou wast made to
+serve,
+
+4 That thou wilt take up this parable
+against the king of Babylon, and say. How
+hath ceased the oppressor! ceased the exac-
+tress" of gold!
+
+5 Broken hath the Lord the staff of the
+wicked, the sceptre' of rulers;
+
+G He who smote people in wrath, blows
+without intermission, he that ruled in anger
+nations, persecuting without restramt.
+
+7 At rest, quiet is all the earth; men
+break forth into loud song.
+
+8 Also, the fir-trees rejoice at thee, the
+
+
+" The names of the animals introduced in these verges
+have been translated according to various authorities ; but
+they are still very uncertain.
+
+"■ Jonathan. Aben Ezra, " her widowed, i. '-. deserted
+houses." ' Or "taskmasters."
+
+'' Redak. Rashi, " the proud imposer of a heavy bur-
+den." Philippson, simply "oppressor." Sachs, after
+Rashi, "tormentress."
+
+Others, " rod."
+
+473
+
+
+ISAIAH XIV.
+
+
+cedars of Lebanon, " Since tliou wast laid low,
+no feller is come np against us."
+
+9 The nether world from below is in mo-
+tion concerning thee to meet thee at thy com-
+ing: it stirreth up the departed for thee, all
+the chief ones of the earth; it hath caused to
+rise up from their thrones all the kings of
+nations.
+
+10 They all will commence and say unto
+thee, ''Thou — thou also art become weak
+like us; similar unto us art thou become!"
+
+11 Into the nether world is brought down
+thy pride, the clatter of thy psalteries: be-
+neath thee is spread the worm, and thy cover
+is the moth.
+
+12 How art thou follen from heaven, 0
+morning-star, son of the dawn! how art thou
+hewn down to the o'l'ound, crusher" of na-
+tions !
+
+13 And thou — thou hadst said in thy
+heart, " Into heaven will I ascend, above the
+stars of God will I exalt my throne; and I
+will sit also upon the mount of the assembly,
+in the farthest'' end of the north;
+
+14 I will ascend above the heights of the
+clouds; I will be equal to the Most High."
+
+15 But into the nether world shalt thou
+be brought down, into the lowest depth.
+
+16 They that see thee will gaze at thee,
+will regard thee well, (saying.) "Is this the
+man that caused the earth to tremble, that
+made kingdoms quake?
+
+17 That rendered the world as a wilder-
+ness, and pulled down its cities : never opened"
+the prison-house of his prisoners?"
+
+18 All the kings of nations, all of them,
+lie in glory, every one in his own (eternal)
+house."
+
+19 But thou — thou art cast out of thy
+grave like a discarded offshoot, as a garment
+of those that are slain, pierced by the sword,
+that go down to the stones" of the pit, as a
+carcass trodden under foot.
+
+20 Thou shalt not be united with them in
+burial ; because thy land hast thou destroyed.
+
+
+grandson,
+
+
+thy people hast thou slain: to eternity shall
+not be called the seed of evil-doers.
+
+21 Prepare for his children the slaughter,
+for the iniquity of their fatliers: that they
+may not rise, and possess the land, and fill the
+
+'face of the world with enemies (of mankind).
+
+22 And I will rise up against them, saith
+the Lord of hosts; and I will cut oft' from
+Babylon name, and remnant, and son, and
+
+saith the Lord.
+I will also make it a possession for the
+ij hedgehog,' and pools of water: and I will
+'sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith
+i the LoKD of hosts.
+
+24 ^ Sworn hath the Lord of hosts, saying.
+Surely as I have purposed, so doth it come to
+pass; and as I have resolved, so shall it occur*:
+
+25 To break Asshur in my own land, and
+upon my mountains will I tread him under
+foot; then shall his joke be removed from oft'
+them, and his burden shall be removed from
+off their shoulders.
+
+26 This is the resolve that is resolved over
+all the earth : and this is the hand that is
+stretched out over all the nations.
+
+27 For the Lord of hosts hath resolved,
+and who shall frustrate it? and it is his hand
+which is stretched out, and who shall turn
+it back?
+
+28 ^ In the year that king Achaz died
+was this prophecy (given).
+
+29 Rejoice not, thou entire Palestine, be-
+cause the rod of him that smote thee is
+broken ; for out of the serpent's root shall
+come forth an adder, and its fruit shall be a
+flying dragon.
+
+30 And the first-born of t he poor shall feed,
+and the needy shall rest in safety: and I will
+kill with famine thy root, and men shall slay
+thy remnant.
+
+31 Wail, 0 gate; cry out, 0 city; thou
+art dissolved, 0 thou entire Palestine; for
+from the north a smoke is coming, and
+there is no one solitary among those of his
+that are bidden to come.
+
+
+'Lit. "weakenor of the nations. Jonathan, "who
+didst slay among nations."
+
+'' D'riDT means thn farthest point of a thinj; ; for in-
+stance, the back wall of a house. Probably here is meant
+a mountain in the far north, which the Babylonians fancied
+to be the seat or assembliuf; plaee of their gods. The ■
+Greeks had Olympus; the Indians, Meru; the Persians, I
+Albordj. Rashi and others refer it to Mount Zion. '
+
+■ 474
+
+
+" Or, "did not let his prisoners loose homeward."
+
+^ Jonathan, i. e. the grave.
+
+" i. e. The bottom. Philippson, "who are sunk under
+the stones," &c. The legend is, that Nebnchadnezzer
+was dragged out of his grave; but it may be metaphori-
+cal to express the utter desolation of Babylon, as its rOyal
+sepulchre even was not spared.
+
+' Rashi. Others, " the bittern/' a bird.
+
+
+ISAIAH XTV. XV. XVI.
+
+
+S2 And what will each one of the messen-
+gers of the nation answer? That the Lord
+hath fonnded Zion, and that therein shall
+find protection the poor of his people.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ][ The doom of Moab. Truly in a night
+is 'Ar of Moab plundered, it is laid waste;
+truly in a night is Kir of Moab plundered,
+it is laid waste.
+
+2 It goeth up to the (idol-) house, and Di-
+bon (goeth) up to the high-places to weep, on°
+Nebo and on Medeba shall Moiib w^ail : on all
+its heads there is baldness, and every beard
+is hewn off.
+
+3 In its streets they are girded with sack-
+cloth, on its roofs, and in its public places
+every one shall wail, groan"* with weeping.
+
+4 And loud crieth Cheshbon with El'aleh ;
+as far as Yahaz is heard their voice : therefore
+the armed men of Moiib shall howl; its soul
+is grieved for itself."
+
+5 My heart will cry for Moiib, w^hose fugi-
+tives are as far as Zo'ar, (and) the third'* 'Eg-
+larth ; for the ascent of Luchith — with weep-
+ing is it ascended; for on tlie way to Choro-
+nayim they let resound the cry of defeat (in
+battle).
+
+6 For the waters of Nimrim shall be deso-
+late ; for dry is the grass, gone are the herbs,
+and green things are no more.
+
+7 Therefore the rest of their acquisitions"
+and what they possess shall they carry away
+over the brook of the willows.
+
+8 For the cry hath encompassed the bound-
+ary of Moab; up to Eglayim (is heard) its
+wail, and at Beer-elim (is heard) its w^ail.
+
+9 For the waters of Dimon are filled with
+blood; for I will bring over Dinion armed
+bands;' over the escaped of Moab (cometh) a
+lion, and over the remnant of the land.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 Send ye the lambs of the ruler* of the
+land from Sela', through the wilderness, unto
+the mount of the daughter of Zion.
+
+
+' Sachs, "for."
+
+*• Rashi. Sachs, "melt in weeping."
+
+° Jonathan, "and they cry out for their soul."
+
+* i. e. A town so called: others, "like a three years' old
+
+heifer."
+
+'Jonathan; but Aben Ezra, "the wealth they have
+
+acquired."
+
+
+2 For it shall be, that, as a fugitive bird,
+as a chased" nest, so shall be the daughters of
+Moiib at the fords of Arnon.
+
+3 Bring counsel, execute justice; render
+like the night thy shadow in the midst of the
+noonday; conceal the outcasts; betray not
+the fugitive.
+
+4 Letmyoutcasts sojourn w'ith thee, Moiib;'
+be thou a covert to them from the face of the
+waster: till" ceaseth the extortion, past be the
+wasting, and vanished be the oppressor out
+of the land.
+
+5 ^ And there shall be founded through
+kindness a throne; and there shall sit upon it
+in truthfulness in the tent of David a judge
+who seeketh justice, and is quick in right-
+eousness.
+
+6 We have heard of the pride of Moiib;
+(that) he is very proud: of his haughtiness,
+and his pride, and his wrath, his groundless
+lies.
+
+7 Therefore shall Moab wail for Moab,
+every one shall wail; for the strong walls
+of Kir-charesseth shall ye lament, deeply
+stricken.
+
+8 For the fields of Cheshbon are withered,
+the \ane of Sibmah — the lords of nations have
+beaten down its branches, they did reach as
+far as Ya'zer, into the wnlderness did they
+wander: its tendrils were stretched forth, they
+passed over the sea.
+
+9 Therefore will I weep, when weeping for
+Ya'zer, for the vine of Sibmah : I will moisten
+thee richly with my tears, 0 Cheshbon, and
+El'aleh ; for over (the gathering of) thy sum-
+mer fruits and over thy harvest the battle-cry
+is fallen.
+
+10 And (thus) are taken away joy and glad-
+ness out of the fruitful field ; and in the vine-
+yards shall be no singing, shall be no joy-
+ful shout : in the presses shall the treader not
+tread out wine; I have stopped the harvest-
+call.'
+
+11 Therefore my bowels shall groan for
+Moiib like a harp, and my inward parts for
+Kir-charess.
+
+
+'Jonathan. Others, "additional evils."
+^ /. e. of Moiib. See 2 Kings iii. 4.
+'■ i. e. As the young chased out of their nest.
+' Jonathan, "the outcast of Moab."
+' Others, " because."
+
+' In verse 9, n-n represents the battle-cry ; here, the call
+of the reapers and vintners at their labour.
+
+•475
+
+
+12 And it shall come to pass, that it shall
+be seen that Moilb is weavy on the high-places;
+and he will come to his sanctuary to pray;
+but he shall not accomplish (aught).
+
+13 This is the word that the Lord hath
+spoken concerning Moiib in former times.
+
+14 But now hath the Lord spoken, saying,
+Within throe years, as the years of a hired
+labourer, shall the glory of Moiib be rendered
+mean with all this (his) great multitude ; and
+the reuniant shall be very small and incon-
+siderable.
+
+CILVPTER XVn.
+
+1 1[ The doom of Damascus. Behold, Da-
+rn a.scus is deprived of being a city, and it
+shall become decaying ruins.
+
+2 Forsaken are the cities of 'Aro'er: they
+shall be (given up) to flocks, which shall lie
+down, and none shall make them afraid.
+
+0 And there shall cease the fortress from
+Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus,
+and the remnant of Syria: like the glory of
+the children of Israel shall they be, saith
+the Lord of hosts.
+
+4 ^ And it shall come to pass on that day,
+that the glory of Jacob shall vanish, and the
+fatness of his iiesh shall become lean.
+
+5 And it shall be as when the harvestman
+gathereth the standing-corn, and reapeth the
+ears with his arm; and it shall be as when
+one gleaneth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
+
+6 And there shall be left on it gleaning-
+fruit, as one shaketh an olive-tree, two or
+three berries on the top of the uppermost
+bough, four or five on the outmost branches
+of a fruitful tree, saith the Lord the God of
+Israel.
+
+7 On that day shall a man turn his regard
+up to his Maker, and his eyes shall look to-
+ward the Holy One of Israel.
+
+8 And he shall not turn his regard to the
+altars, the woi-k of his hands; and he sliall not
+look at what his fingers have made, both the
+groves and the sun-images.
+
+9 1[ On that day shall his strong cities be
+as a forsaken ruin in a forest,' and on a
+mountain-peak, which they left because of
+
+
+* After Rashi, except that we have followed Philippson
+in giving TOS (iisii.ally rendered, "tree-top,") with moun-
+tain-peak," a.s giving a better sense, llashi refers " they"
+to the ancient Canaanites who fled before Israel.
+476
+
+
+ISAIAH XVT. XVII. XVIIT.
+
+[the chiMivn of Israel: and the land shall
+
+
+be desolate.
+
+10 Because thou hast forgotten the God of
+thy salvation, and the rock of thy strength
+thou hast not remembered ; therefore wouldst
+thou plant luxuriant plantings, and wouldst
+set out the shoots of the stranger therein.
+
+11 (Already) on the day that thou plant-
+edst thou causedst to grow, and in the morn-
+ing thou madest thy seed to blossom; but
+now fleeth the harvest on the day of disease*"
+and of incurable pain.
+
+12 *i] Wo to the raging of many people,
+who rage like the raging of the seas; and to
+the noise of nations, that make a noise like
+the roar of mighty waters !
+
+13 The nations will make a noise like the
+roaring of many waters; but He will rebuke
+it, and it shall flee afar off, and shall be chased
+as the chaff of the mountains before the wind,
+and as thistle-down before the tempest.
+
+14 Atevcningtide, behold, there is trouble;
+before yet it is morning it is no more. This
+is the portion of our spoilers, and the lot of
+those that plunder us.
+
+CHAPTER XVIIL
+
+1 ][ Wo to the land Avith spreading" wings,
+which is beyond the rivers of Cush,
+
+2 That sendeth on the sea ambassadors,
+and in vessels of bulrushes'^ messengers over
+the face of the waters. Go, ye swift messengers,
+to a nation pulled and torn, to a people terri-
+ble from their beginning and onward; a na-
+tion meted out and trodden down, whose land
+the rivers have spoiled !
+
+3 All ye inhabitants of the world, and
+dwellers on the earth, when the ensign is
+lifted up on the mountains, see ye; and when
+the cornet is blown, hear ye.
+
+4 ^ For so hath said the Lord unto me, I
+\\i\\ take my rest, and I will look down on
+my dwelling-place like a clear heat upon
+herbs, and like a cloud of dew in the heat of
+harvest.
+
+5 For before the harvest, when the blossom
+is past, and the flower becometh a ripening
+grape, will he both cut off the tendrils with
+
+
+^ Aben Ezra; but Sachs, literally, "possession."
+° Jonathan, applying it to the sails of ships, spread out
+like wings of birds. Others, " buzzing."
+■^ 8ee note to Exod. ii. 3.
+
+
+ISAIAH XVIIl. XIX.
+
+
+pruiiiiig-kui\ fs, and tlie sprig.s will he remove
+and cut down.
+
+6 They .shall be left together unto the
+])irds of*prey of the mountahiH, and to the
+beasts of the earth : and the birds of prey
+shall summer upon them, and all the beasts
+of the earth sliall winter upon them.
+
+7 ^ At that time shall be brought as a
+present unto the Lord of hosts a people
+pulled and torn, and' a people terrible from
+their beginning and onward; a nation meted
+out and trodden under foot, whose land the
+ri\-ers have spoiled, to the place of the name
+of the Lord of hosts, the mount Zion.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 If The doom of Egypt. Behold, the
+Lord rideth upon a swift" cloud, and is coming
+to Egypt : and the idols of Egypt shall be
+moved because of his presence, and the heart
+of Egypt shall melt in its inward parts.
+
+2 • And I will stir up Egyptians against Egyp-
+tians : and they shall fightevery one against his
+brother, and every one against his fellow; city
+against city, kingdom against kingdom.
+
+3 And the spirit of Egypt shall be emptied
+out" in its inward parts, and its counsel will
+I frustrate; and they will inquire of the idols.
+and of the charmers,'' and of those that have
+fomiliar s]iirits, and of the wizards.
+
+•i And 1 will surrender the Egyptians into
+the hand of a cruel lord ; and a rigorous king
+shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the
+Eternal of hosts.
+
+5 And the waters shall fail from the sea,
+and the river shall be wasted and dried up.
+
+6 And the rivers shall become foul;° and
+shallow and dried up shall become the deep
+streams :' reeds and flags shall wither.
+
+7 The well-rooted plants by the stream,
+by the mouth of the stream, and every thing
+
+
+° In Hebrew there is a o " from," which has been loft un-
+translated by Jonathan and others, and we have done so
+likewise. Perhaps we mifrht render it, "what is left of,"
+meaning thus. " the remnant of Israel." "A nation meted
+out," over whom many sufferings — measures of punish-
+ment— have passed. This verse is rendered by Sachs and
+others, "In that time will be offered a present to the
+Lord of hosts (from) the tall-grown and fat-shining peo-
+ple, and from the people terrible from then and onward,
+the sinewy and treading-down nation, whose land is in-
+tersected by streams; to," &c. The same construction is
+followed in verse 2, and refers to the people of Cush,
+who are thus tall, fat, &c.; but this sense is not given
+
+
+sown by the stream, shall dry up, be scattered
+(by the wind,) and be no more.
+
+8 The fishermen also shall lament, and all
+they that cast an angle into the stream shall
+mourn; and they that spread nets upon the
+face of the waters sliall languish.
+
+9 And ashamed shall be they that work in
+fine flax, and they that weave white cloth. ^
+
+10 And its foundations shall be beaten down,
+all that build sluices shall be grieved in soid.
+
+1 1 Surely fools are the princes of Zo'an, the
+wise of the coimsellors of Pharaoh (impart)
+silly counsel: how can ye say unto Pharaoh,
+I am a son of the wise, a son of the ancient
+kings?
+
+12 Where are they, these, thy wise men? that
+they may tell thee now, that they know what
+the Lord of hosts hath resolved on over Egypt.
+
+13 The princes of Zo'an are become fools,
+deceived are the princes of Noph ; and Egypt
+is led astray by the cliiefs of its tribes.
+
+14 The Lord hath poured out in the midst
+thereof a spirit of perverseness : and they have
+led Egypt astray in all its work, as a drunk-
+ai'd reeleth astray in his vomit.
+
+15 And there shall not be for Egypt (suc-
+cessful) work, which the head or tail, palm-
+branch or rush, ma\" do.
+
+16 ^ On that day shall Egypt be like the
+women: and it shall tremble and be in dread
+becau,se of the wa\ing of the hand of the
+Lord of hosts, which he waveth over it.
+
+17 And the land of Judah shall become
+unto Egypt a terror, every one that maketh
+mention thereof shall be in dread, because of
+the counsel of the Lord of hosts, which he
+hath resolved against it.
+
+18 •[[ On that day shall be five cities in the
+land of Egypt s])eaking the language of Ca^
+naan, and swearing by the Lord of hosts;
+"The city of destruction"" shall one be called.
+
+
+to it by our ancient commentators, who refer these verses
+to the persecuted Israelites. (See chap. Ixvi. 20.)
+
+" Others, literally, "light."
+
+° i. ('. It shall be deprived of its wisdom.
+
+■" Sachs and others, "ventriloquists."
+
+' Sachs, after Rashi and Aben Ezra, "men shall aban-
+don," &c.
+
+'Jonathan. Others, "streams of Mazor,
+
+
+' net."
+
+
+Egypt."
+Sachs,
+
+
+^ Aben Ezra. Ra.shi renders this with
+"coloured, and white linen."
+
+■■ Philippson, "city of light," referring to Menachoth,
+fol. 110 a. .Iiinathan. "the city of the sun," (Heliopolis,)
+which shall be destroyed,
+
+477
+
+
+ISAIAH XIX. XX. XXI.
+
+
+19 ]| On that day shall there be an altar i|
+to the Lord in the midst of the land of Egypt, j[
+and a pillar at its border to the Lord. :
+
+20 And it shall be for a sign and for a testi-
+mony unto the Lord of hosts in the land of
+Egypt; for they sliall cry unto the Lord be-
+cause of the oppressors, and he will send them jl
+a helper, and a chief, and he shall deliver!'
+them.
+
+21 And the Lord will be made known to
+the Egyptians, and the Egyptians shall knowj
+the Lord on that day, and will do service
+(with) sacrifice and oblation ; yea, they will
+make vows unto the Lord and perform
+(them) .
+
+22 And the Lord will thus strike Egypt,
+striking and healing it: and they will return
+unt« the LoKD, and he will be entreated of
+them, and heal them.
+
+23 ^ On that day there shall lie a highway
+out of Egypt to Assliur. and Asshur shall
+come into Egypt, and the Egyptians into
+Asshur, and the Egyptians shall serve Avith
+Asshur (the Lord).'
+
+24 ]j On that day shall Israel be the third
+with Egypt and with Asshur, a blessing in
+the midst of the earth,
+
+25 Whom the Lokd of hosts will have'
+blessed, saying, Blessed be my people Egypt,
+and Asshur the work of my hands, and my
+heritage Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^ In the year that Tharthan came unto !
+Aslidod, when Sargon the king of Assyria,
+sent him, and fought against Ashdod, and|
+captured it;
+
+2 At the same time spoke the Lord by
+means of Isaiah the son of Amoz. saying. Go
+and loosen the sackcloth from oft' thy loins,
+and thy shoe shalt thou pull off" fi'om tliy foot.
+And he did so, walking naked and l)arefoot.
+
+3 ^ And the Lokd said. Just as my ser-
+vant Isaiah hath walked naked and barefoot
+three years as a sign and token for Egypt
+and for Cush :
+
+4 So shall the king of Assyria lead away
+the prisoners of Egypt, and tlie exiles of
+
+
+Cush, young and old, naked and barefoot,
+even with uncovered buttocks, to the disgrace
+of Egypt.
+
+5 And they" shall be terrified, and.ashamed
+of Cush their trust, and of Egypt their vaunt.
+
+C And the inhabitant of this isle shall say
+on that day. Behold, such is our trust,Avhither
+we fled for help to be delivered from the king
+of Assyria: and how shall we then escajje?
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 Tl The doom of the desert" by the sea.
+As tempests in the south blow with fury: so
+doth it come from the desert, from a terrible
+land.
+
+2 A hard vision hath been told unto me;
+the traitor dealeth treacherously, and the
+spoiler spoileth. " Go up, 0 'Elam; besiege,
+
+0 Media ;" all sighing have I caused to cease.
+
+3 Therefore are my loins filled witli pain :
+pangs have seized me, like the pangs of a
+woman that travaileth: I am too much
+cramped to hear; I am too much dismayed
+to see.
+
+4 My heart wandereth astra}'. dread af-
+frighteth me: tlie evening of my jjleasure
+hath he turned unto me into terror.
+
+5 Prepare the table, put on the candle-
+sticks,'' eat, drink: arise, ye princes, and
+anoint the shield.
+
+6 Tl For thus hatli said unto me the Lord, Go,
+set the watchman, what he seeth let him tell.
+
+7 And he will see chariots, horsemen in
+coui)les, riders on asses, riders on camels ; and
+he shall listen diligently with nuich heed :
+
+8 And he calleth (like)' a lion. Upon the
+iwatchtower, O Lord, do I stand continually
+
+1 in the daytime, and on my ward am I set
+all the nights.
+
+9 And, behold, here cometh a chariot with
+I men, horsemen in couples, and he commenc-
+
+eth and saith. Fallen, fiillen is Balnlon; and
+all the graven images of her gods hath he
+shivered unto the ground.
+
+10 0 my down-troddon' (people,) and the
+son of my thresliing-floor : that which I have
+heard from the Lord of hosts, the God of Is-
+rael, have I told unto you.
+
+
+" Redak. Jonathan, " Rsrypt shall serve .Asshur."
+
+'■ The Israelites. — Ahen Ezri.\.
+
+' !. e. Babylon, liedak renders D' " we.st."
+
+
+° Aben Ezra; i. e. loLully.
+
+' Lit. " my threshini^." llaslii refers it to Israel,
+which has been threshed (oppressed) for its improvement,
+
+
+'' llashi. .\hen Ezra, " i^rini; iu the music." Jona-Las a man threshes and winnows corn to fit it for use; after
+tiian, "Set the watchman." Others, •' Jjay the covers." which properly follows, "the son of the thveshing-floor."
+
+4?« ;
+
+
+ISAIAH XXI. XXII.
+
+
+11 Tl The doom of Duniali. Unto me one
+calleth out of Se'ir, Watchman, Avhat of the
+night?" Watchman, what of the night?
+
+12 The watchman said. The morning com-
+eth,"" and also the night: if je will desire, de-
+sire ye; return, come again.
+
+13 T[ The doom upon Arabia. In the
+forest in Arabia shall }e lodge, 0 yo caravans
+of Dedanim.
+
+14 Toward him that is thirsty they bring
+water; the inhabitants of the land of Thema
+meet with suitable^ bread the fugitive.
+
+1-3 Because from the swords are they fled,
+from the drawn sword, and from the bent
+bow, and from the pressure of war.
+
+16 ^ For thus hath said the Lord unto
+me. Within yet one year, like the years of a
+hired labourer, shall all the glory of Kedar
+be at an end :
+
+17 And the residue of the number of bows
+of the mighty men of the children of Kedar
+shall be small ; for the Lord the God of Israel
+hath spoken it.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 ^ The doom of the valley of vision."
+What aileth thee now, that thou art wholly
+gone up to the roofs?
+
+2 O noiseful, tumultuous ci ty. joyous town !
+thy slain ones are not slain with the sword,
+and not those that die in battle.
+
+3 All thy rulers are fled together, they are
+made prisoners by the bowmen: all that are
+found in thee are made prisoners together,
+who have run away from afar.
+
+4 Therefore said I, Look away from me ; I
+will weep bitterly ; be not urgent to comfort
+me, because of the wasting of the daughter
+of my people.
+
+5 For a day of confusion, and of treading
+down, and of perplexity hath the Lord Eter-
+nal of hosts in the valley of vision; walls are
+broken, and cryins; is heard aoainst the moun-
+tain.
+
+6 And 'Elam beareth the quiver, (cometh)
+with men in chariots and horsemen, and Kir
+uncovereth the shield.
+
+7 And it is so, that thy choicest valleys are
+
+
+girding with sack-
+
+
+' Rashi, "What will become of this nicrht, this dark-
+ness?" Sachs, ''How much is elapsed of the night?"
+
+'' Rashi, "There is a morning (reward) for the right-
+eous, and a night for the wicked ; if you wish your desire
+of the redemption fulfilled, repent, come back to God."
+
+
+full of chariots, and tlie horsemen set them-
+selves in array against the gate.
+
+8 And he laid open the covering of Judah ;
+and thou didst look on that day toward the
+armour of the house of the forest.
+
+9 And the breaches of the city of David
+have ye seen, that they are many: and ye
+gathered together the waters of the lower
+pool.
+
+10 And the houses of Jerusalem have ye
+numbered, and ye have pulled do\vn the houses
+to fortify the wall.
+
+11 And a tank have ye made between the
+two walls for the water of the old jdooI; but
+ye have not looked toward the Maker thereof,
+and him that fashioned it in distant times
+have ye not regarded.
+
+12 And the Lord Eternal of hosts called
+on that day for weeping, and for mournirig,
+and for baldness, and for
+cloth,
+
+1 3 And behold (there are) gladness and joy,
+slaying of oxen, and killing of sheep, eating-
+flesh, and drinking wine: "Let us eat and
+drink; for to-morrow we must die."
+
+14 And it was revealed in my ears by the
+Lord of hosts : Surely this iniquity shall not
+
+I be forgiven unto you until ye die, said the
+! Lord the Eternal of hosts.
+
+15 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal of
+hosts, Go, get thee unto this treasurer, even
+unto Shebna, who is (superintendent) over
+the house:
+
+16 What hast thou here? and whom hast
+thou here, that thou hast hewn out for thy-
+self here a sepulchre, (the man) that hath
+hewn out on high his sepulchre, that hol-
+lowetli out in the rock a habitation for him-
+self?
+
+17 Behold, the Lord will thrust thee about
+with a mighty throw, 0 man! and will lay
+flist hold of thee;
+
+18 He will roll thee up as a bundle, and
+(toss thee) like a ball into a country of ample
+space : there shalt thou die, and there shall
+(remain) the chariots of thy glory, thou dis-
+grace of the house of thy lord.
+
+19 And I will cast thee out from thy sta-
+
+
+The watchman here is, according to the same authority,
+typical of God. " Lit. " his bread."
+
+^ Rashi, Jerusalem, " the valley on which many prophe-
+cies have been spoken." Abcn Kzra, "the plac-e of pro-
+phecy." ^_^
+
+
+ISAIAH XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+tion, and from thy post shall he pull thee
+down.
+
+20 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+that I will call my servant, for Elyakim the
+son of Chilkiyahu.
+
+21 ^ And I will clothe him with thy robe,
+and thy girdle will I fasten around him, and
+thy government will I place into his hand :
+and he shall be as a father to the inhabitants
+of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah.
+
+22 And I will lay the key" of the house of
+David upon his shoulder; so that he shall
+open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut,
+and none shall open.
+
+23 And I will lasten him as a tent-nail in
+a sure place; and he shall be for a chair of
+honour to his father's house.
+
+24 And they shall hang upon him all the
+glory of his father's house, the shoots and
+offshoots, all the small vessels, from the ves-
+sels of basins, even to all the vessels of fla-
+gons.
+
+25 On that day, saith the Lord of hosts,
+shall be removed the nail that is fastened in
+the sure place, and be cut down, and fall;
+and the burden that is upon it shall be cut
+off; for the Lord hath spoken it.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 T[ The doom of Tyre. Wail, ye ships
+of Tharshish; for it is laid waste, without
+house, without entrance: from the land of
+Kittim hath it l^een revealed to them.
+
+2 Be silent,' ye inhabitants of the coast-
+land :" the merchants of Zidon, that pass over
+the sea, (formerly) filled thee.
+
+3 And on mighty waters (came) the seed
+of Shichor," the harvest of the stream, as her
+revenue; and she became the mart of na-
+tions.
+
+4 Be ashamed, 0 thou Zidon ; for spoken
+hath the sea, the stronghold of the sea, say-
+ing, I travailed not, nor brought forth chil-
+
+
+' Jonathan, " the keys of the temple and the rule of
+the house of David."
+
+' z. e. Phoenicia; literally, "island;" but here the
+whole adjacent coast is evidently included.
+
+° /. <:. The Nile, the stream of Egypt.
+
+■^ Rashi. Sachs, " When the report (cometh) to Egypt,
+shall they tremble at," &c.
+
+" lleinemann.
+
+' Lit. "uirdle," metajihuric fur "strength," "endu-
+rance."
+
+48U
+
+
+dren, neither did I nourish up 3'oung men,
+nor bring up virgins.
+
+5 As at the report concerning Egypt, so
+shall they tremble at the report of Tyre."
+
+6 Pass ye over to Tharshish; wail, ye in-
+habitants of the coast-land.
+
+7 Is this your fate," ye of the joyous (city)?
+she whose antiquity is of ancient days — her
+own feet shall carry her, afar of!" to sojourn.
+
+8 Who hath resolved this against Tyre,
+the crowning city, whose merchants are
+princes, whose traders are the honourable of
+the earth?
+
+9 The Lord of hosts hath resolved it, to
+dishonour the ])ride of all ornament, to make
+of light esteem all the honourable of the earth.
+
+10 T[ Pass through thy land as a stream,
+0 daughter of Tharshish : there is no more
+strength.'
+
+11 He hath stretched out his hand over
+the sea, he hath shaken kingdoms; the Lord
+hath given a command against Canaan,^
+to subvert its strongholds.
+
+12 And he said. Thou shalt no longer" i-e-
+joice any more, 0 thou oppressed virgin,
+daughter of Zidon: arise, j^ass over to the
+Kittim; also there shalt thou have no rest.
+
+13 Behold the land of the Chaldeans — this
+people which was not, Asshur founded it for
+the dwellers in the wilderness — they have set
+up their watchtowers, have overthrown its
+palaces, have rendered it a heap of ruins.
+
+14 Wail, ye ships of Tharshish; for your
+stronghold is laid waste.
+
+15 T[ And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy
+years, like the days of one king:' at the end
+of seventy years shall it happen to Tyre as in
+the song of the harlot."
+
+16 '"Take the harp, go round about the
+city, thou forgotten harlot; make sweet music, .
+sing many songs, in order that thou mayest
+be remembered."
+
+
+"= The coasts of Palestine, ancient Canaan, (Num. siii.
+29.) including Phoenicia.
+
+'' /. e. Not for ever, but a long time.
+
+' lledak, "the life of a man, which is seventy years."
+Aben Ezra, "the duration of one dynasty of kings."
+
+' Intercourse with foreigners is a figurative incest in
+the eye of the prophet, as the Israelites lived secluded in
+their own land. So also the hire spoken of means the
+profits cif commerce, whicli therefore can be holy, which
+the actual wages ol' sin cainiut be. (l)eut. x.xiii. IS.j
+
+
+ISAIAH XXlll. XXIV.
+
+
+17 And it shall come to pass after the end
+of seventy years, that the Lord will visit
+Tyre, and she shall return to her hire, and
+shall have commerce" with all the kingdoms
+of the world upon the iace of the earth.
+
+18 And her gain and her hire shall be holy
+to the Lord: it shall not be treasured nor
+laid up; but for those that dwell before the
+Lord shall her gain be, to eat to fulness, and
+for magnificent clothing.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV. .
+
+1 ^ Behold, the Lord maketh empty the
+land, and layeth it waste, and marreth its
+surtace, and scattereth abroad its inhabitants.
+
+2 And it shall be the same with the peo-
+ple as Avith the priest; with the servant as
+with his master; with the bondwoman as
+with her mistress; with the buyer as with
+the seller; with the lender as with the bor-
+rower; with the debtor as with his creditor.
+
+3 Empty, emptied out shall be the land,
+and spoiled, utterly spoiled; for the Lord
+hath spoken this word.
+
+4 The land mourneth, withereth away, the
+world languisheth, withereth away, the high
+ones of the people of the land do languish.
+
+5 For thedand was defiled under its inhabit-
+ants ; Ijecause they had transgressed the laws,
+neglected the statutes, broken the everlasting
+covenant.
+
+6 Therefore hath the curse devoured the
+land, and they that dwell therein sutler for
+their guilt; therefore are the inhabitants of
+the land dried up, and but few men are left.
+
+7 The new wine mourneth, the vine lan-
+guisheth, all the merry-hearted sigh.
+
+8 At rest is the mirth of the tambourines ;
+(eased hath the tumult of the joyful; at rest
+is the mirth of the harp.
+
+9 Amidst singing shall they no (more)
+drink wine ; bitter shall be the strong drink
+to those that drink it.
+
+
+" In a bad sense.
+
+"* Philippsun, after Gesenius, takes d'IN^ as derived
+tVom 11X, "light," or "the place where the light comes,"
+/. e. the east, in opposition from D"n " the west," given
+here from the sea.
+
+° Lit. "languishment," or "famishing ;" hence, Sachs,
+" I am famishing ;" — but it is only an expression of anguish ;
+hence our version. Jonathan derives this word from n
+"secret," and paraphrases, "there hath been revealed to
+me the secret of the reward of the righteous, and the
+secret of the punishment nf the wicked."
+
+u 1j
+
+
+10 Broken down is the city of desolation;
+shut up is evei'y house that none can enter.
+
+11 A (painful) cry for wine is in the streets;
+darkened is all joy; banished is the mirth of
+the land.
+
+12 There is left destruction in the city, and
+in ruins is beaten the gate.
+
+13 For thus shall it be in the midst of the
+land among the nations, as (at) the shaking
+of an olive-tree, as (at) the gleaning of grapes
+when the vintage is done.
+
+14 These shall lift up their voice, they shall
+sing; because of the majesty of the Lord, they
+shout aloud from the sea.
+
+15 Therefore in the valleys'" honour ye the
+Lord; in the isles of the sea, the name of the
+Lord the God of Israel.
+
+IG ^ From the edge of the eartli have we
+heard songs, "Glory to the righteous." But
+I said, " EviP is mine, evil is mine, wo is me !"*
+the treacherous have dealt treacherously ; yea,
+the treacherous have dealt very treacher-
+ously."
+
+17 Fear, and the pit, and the snare are
+upon thee, 0 inhabitant of the land.
+
+18 And it shall come to pass, that he who
+fleeth from the call of the fear shall fall into
+the pit; and he that cometh up out of the
+midst of the pit shall be caught in the snare;
+for the windows from on high are opened,
+and there quaked the foundations of the
+earth.
+
+19 Crushed entirely is tlie eartli, split in
+pieces is thu earth, shaken to its centre is
+the earth.
+
+20 The earth reeleth to and fro like a
+drunkard, and vibrateth like a watch-hut ;°
+and heavily lieth upon it its transgression;
+and it shall tail, and not rise again.
+
+21 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+that the Lord will visit punishment on the
+host of heaven*^ in heaven, and on the kings
+of the eartli upon the earth.
+
+
+^ In view of the great evil inflicted on Israel, the prophet-
+expresses his grief; liecause treason on treason has been
+perpetrated against the helpless. Others render njn witk
+"robber," and so the verbs derived from it; but the sense
+is all the same.
+
+' Kashi; ;'. e. the hut put on the tup of a tree to watch
+the field. Philippson, after Jonathan, "a swinging mat."
+(See also cb. i. 8.)
+
+' DHD "what is high," i.e. the superior world, the
+heavens; here the sun, moon, and stars, which were the
+nbiects of the heathen worship.
+
+^ 481
+
+
+ISAIAH XXIV. XXV. XXVI.
+
+
+22 And they shall be gathered in heajjs, as
+prisoners, in the prison, and shall be shut up
+in the dungeon, and thus after many days
+shall they be punished.
+
+23 And the moon shall be put to the
+Ijlush, and the sun be made ashamed; for
+the Lord of hosts will reign on mount Zion,
+and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients in
+glory."
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1^0 Lord, my God art thou ; I will exalt
+thee, I will praise thy name; for thou hast
+done wonderful things, resolves of distaiit
+times (are become) faithful confirmation.''
+
+2 For thou hast made of a city a stone-
+heap; of a fortified town a falling ruin; the
+palace of barbarians ceaseth out of the city,
+to eternity shall it not be rebuilt.
+
+3 Therefore shall a strong people honour
+thee ; the town of the tyrannical nations
+shall fear thee.
+
+4 For thou hast become a stronghold to
+the poor, a stronghold to the needy when he
+is distressed; a protection from the tempest,
+a shadow from the heat; for the (wrathful)
+breath of the tyrants is like the tempest
+against a wall.
+
+5 Like heat in a dry land, wilt thou
+subdue the tumult of the bar])arians; as
+the heat (is lessened) by the shadow of the
+cloud, so will he subdue the song of the ty-
+rants."
+
+6 And the Lord ol' hosts will make unto
+all the nations on this mountain a feast of
+fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat
+things full of marrow, of wines on the lees
+well refined.
+
+7 And he will destroy on this mountain
+the face of the covering which covereth all
+the people, and the vail that is spread over
+all the nations.
+
+8 He will destroy death to eternity; and
+the Lord Eternal will wipe away the tear
+Irom oft' all faces ; and the shame of his peo-
+ple will he remove from off all the earth; for
+the Lord hath spoken it.
+
+' Or, " before his ancients there shall be glory."
+
+'' llaslii, after Jonathan; i. e. God's ancient decrees are
+
+conlirmed and made truth by fulfilment.
+
+° llashi makes Toi as derived from a root signifying to
+
+"cut away;" lionee, "the fall of tlio tyrants sliriil cnuse
+
+(others J to sing."
+48i
+
+
+9 "ly And men will say on that day, Lo,
+this is our God, for whom we have waited that
+he would help us; this is the Lord for whom
+we have waited, we will be glad and we will
+rejoice in iiis salvation.
+
+10 For the hand of the Lord will rest on
+this mountain, arid Moab shall be trodden
+down on his own place, even as straw is
+trodden down upon the dunghill.
+
+11 And he will spread forth his hands in
+the midst thereof, as the swimmer spreadeth
+them forth to swim : and he will Iji-ing down
+his pride together with the joints of his hands.
+
+12 And the fortress of the stronghold of
+thy"* walls he bringeth down, layeth low,
+casteth it to the ground, even to the dust.
+
+CHAPTER XXVL
+
+1 ^ On that day shall this song be sung
+in the land of JudaL: A strong city have we;
+his aid will he grant (us) as v.-alls and defence."
+
+2 Open ye the gates, that there may enter
+in the righteous nation which guardeth the
+truth.
+
+3 The confiding mind wilt thou keep in
+perfect^ peace; because he trusteth in thee.
+
+4 Trust ye in the Lord unto eternity ; for
+in Yah the Lord is everlasting protection.'^
+
+5 For he bendeth down the dwellers of the
+height; the lofty fortress — he layeth it low;
+he layeth it low, along the ground; he casteth
+it down to the dust.
+
+6 The foot shall tread it down, the feet of
+the poor, the steps of the needy.
+
+7 The path of the just is straight: thou,
+most upright, dost ever level the road of the
+just.
+
+8 Yea, on the path of thy judgments, 0
+Lord, have we waited for thee; for thy name,
+and for the remembrance of thee, was the
+lomring of our soul.
+
+9 In my soul have I longed for thee in the
+night; yea, with my spirit within me will I
+seek for thee; for when thy judgments are
+(sent) on the earth, the inhabitants of the
+world learn righteousness.
+
+10 If favour be shown to the wicked, he
+
+
+* Moab.
+
+' *. e. The outer wall, between which and the larger
+one a ditch was made. — After Redak. Sachs. " He (God)
+granteth victory, walls, and defence,"
+
+' Hcb. "peace, peace,"
+
+^ lleb. "rock."
+
+
+ISAIAH XXVI. XXVII
+
+
+will not learn righteousness; in the land of
+uprightness will he deal unjustly, and will
+not regard the majesty of the Lord.
+
+11 •[[ Lord, thy hand was raised high, but
+they would not see : oh that they might see,
+and be ashamed, (thy) zeal for the people;
+yea, the fire which shall devour them — tliy
+enemies.
+
+12 ^ Lord, thou wilt ordain peace for us;
+for also all our works hast thou accomplished
+for us.
+
+13^0 Lord our God, lords have had do-
+minion over us beside thee; (but) of thee"
+only would we make mention, — of thy name.
+
+14 (They are) dead, they will not live
+(again) ; (they are) departed, they will not
+rise (again) ; therefore hast thou visited and
+destroyed them, and made to perish every
+memorial of them.
+
+15 Thou hast done more for the nation,
+0 Lord, thou hast done more for the nation ;
+thou hast glorified thyself: thou hast enlarged
+all the ends of the earth.''
+
+16 T[ Lord, in trouble have they sought
+thee, they poured out earnest prayers when
+thy chastening was upon them.
+
+17 Like as a pregnant woman, that is near
+giving birth, is in pain, (and) crieth out in
+her pangs : so have we been in thy presence,
+0 Lord.
+
+18 We have been pregnant, we have been
+in pain, (but it w^as) as though we brought
+forth wind; we have not wrought any deliver-
+ance in the land; and the inhabitants of the
+world have not fallen.
+
+19 Thy dead shall live, my dead bodies'"
+shall arise. Awake and sing ye, that dwell
+in the dust; for a dew on herbs* is thy dew,
+and the earth shall cast out the departed."
+
+
+' p is translated by Eashi simply as "thee" Jona-
+than, "on thy word do we trust." Sachs, "'by thee only
+do we swear, (by) the name." Philippson, "thee alone,
+thy name do we adgre."
+
+" Heinemann, after Rashi. It means that God has
+done great things for Israel, more than any other people,
+through which he is glorified ; and removed away the
+oppressors from their land.
+
+° Jonathan. But Redak supplies " with ;" thus, " with
+my own dead body shall they arise."
+
+'' Rashi, "a dew of light." Heinemann, freely, "a
+dew of life," i e. such as revives the dying plants.
+
+" Jonathan, "and the wicked thou wilt cast down to
+the earth."
+
+'Others, "extended," "far-stretching." This descrip-
+tion is no doubt intended for Egypt and .\ssyri:i, I'aslii
+adds " E<loni,"
+
+
+20 ^ Go, my people, enter thou into thy
+chambers, and shut thy door behind thee:
+hide thyself but for a little moment, until the
+indignation be passed away.
+
+21 For, behold, the Lord cometh out of
+his place to visit the iniquity of the inhabit-
+ants of the earth on them : and the earth
+shall disclose her blood, and shall no more be
+a cover over her slain.
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ][ On that day will the Lord punish with
+his heavy and great and strong sword levia-
+than the fljing' serpent, and leviathan the
+crooked servant; and he will slay the croco-
+dile that is in the sea.
+
+2 ^ On that day sing ye a song of th.e
+vineyard of excellent wine.
+
+3 "I the Lord do keep it; every moment
+will I water it: that no one shall hurt it.
+night and day will I keep it.
+
+4 Wrath have I not: who would set the
+briers and thorns against me in battle? I
+would pass^ through them, and I would burn
+them altogether.
+
+5 If he"" but take hold of my strength,
+make peace with me ; make peace with me."
+
+6 In the future shall Jacob yet take root ;
+Israel shall bud and blossom, and shall fill
+the face of the world with fruit.
+
+7 T[ Hath he smitten him, as he smote the
+one that smote him? or was he slain with the
+same slaughter as those of him that were
+slain ?'
+
+8 In measure,^ by driving him forth, thou
+strivest with him : he removed him with his
+violent storm on the day of the east wind.
+
+9 Therefore by this (only) shall the ini-
+quity of Jacob be atoned ; and this shall be
+
+5 Sachs, " Should I meet with them, I would," &c.
+The meaning is, that the peaceable keeper of the vine-
+yard (God) will destroy all the enemies (the thorns) who
+might come to injure what he so carefully watches over.
+
+"Heinemann; and it then means, "AH this shall be
+if Israel but confides in God, and makes peace with him
+through righteous deeds." Philippson, " Unle.ss the
+enemy come to the vineyard, not as enemies, but to seek
+protection there, making their peace with God the keeper."
+
+' Meaning, Israel, though punished, was not treated by
+God like their oppressors; these were exterminated — look
+at Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, and others — while they them-
+selves have always remained. " Him" refers back to the
+enemy, "the smiter," whenever "he" designates "Jacob."
+
+' Sachs, " through agitation." The meaning of the verse
+is, that God ])iii]ishod Israel in moderation, and Jrocf them
+otilv out of Palcr,tine aud did not consume them.
+
+483
+
+
+ISAIAH XXVII. XXVIII.
+
+
+all tlie fruit of th-e taking away of his sin ;
+when he maketh all the stones of the altar as
+limestones that are beaten in pieces," when
+ihere shall not arise again any groves and
+sun-images.
+
+10 For (by this) the fortified" city shall be
+desolate, the haljitation be forsaken, and left
+like a wilderness ; there shall the calf feed,
+and there shall it lie down, and consume its
+branches.
+
+11 When its b(nighs are withered, they
+shall be broken off; women will come and set
+them on fire ; for it is not a people of under-
+standing ; therefore he that made it will not
+have mercy on it, and he that formed it Avill
+show it no favour.
+
+12 ^ And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that the Lord will beat off (the fruit)
+from the channel of the River" up to the
+brook of Egypt ; but ye — ye shall be gathered
+up one by one, 0 ye children of Israel.
+
+13 ^ And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that the great cornet shall be blown, and
+then shall come those who are lost in the land
+of Asshur, and those who are outcasts in the
+land of Egypt, and they shall prostrate them-
+selves before the Lord on the holy mount at
+Jerusalem.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 ^ Wo to the crown of pride, of the
+drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading
+flower of his glorious ornament, which is on
+the eminence of the fat valley of those who
+are struck down by wine !
+
+2 Behold, (it conieth) mighty and strong
+from the Lord, as a tempest of hail, a storm
+of destruction ; as a tempest of mighty over-
+flowing waters, will he cast it down to the
+earth with force.
+
+3 Under feet shall be trodden the crown
+of jjride of the drunkards of Ephraim :
+
+4 And the fading flower of his glorious or-
+nament, which is on the eminence' of the fat
+
+
+" When all the altars of idols are destroyed, and thus
+the worship of false gods can uo more exist among Is-
+rael.
+
+'' Kashi. Others, '' For the fortified city is desolate," &c.
+
+■■ From the Euphrates to the Arish.
+
+' The 3Iount of Samaria, which overlooks the fruitful
+valley beneath.
+
+" Others, "in the forepart of summer."
+Lit "report,'' or "what is heard," !. c from God.
+
+' llashi commeutH, that the people would not hear,
+484
+
+
+valley, shall be as its early ripe fruit Ijefore*
+the summer; which one, when he just seeth
+it, while it is scarcely in his hand, hastily de-
+voureth.
+
+5 T[ On that day will the Lord of hosts be
+for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of
+beauty, unto the residue of his people,
+
+6 And for a .s^iirit of judgment to him that
+sitteth in judgment, and for strength to those
+that drive back the battle to the gate (of the
+enemy) .
+
+7 But these also are now stumbling through
+wine, and reeling through strong drink : priest
+and prophet are stumbling through strong
+drink, they are overpowered with wine, they
+reel through strong drink ; they stumble in
+(divine) vision, they are unsteady in giving
+judgment.
+
+8 For all tables are full of vomit of filthi-
+ness, there is no jjlace (clean).
+
+9 T[ Whom shall he teach knowledge ? and
+whom shall he give to understand doctrine f
+those that are weaned from the milk, those
+that are taken from the breasts.
+
+10 For precept'' must be upon precept, pre-
+cept upon precept; line upon line, line upon
+line ; here a little, and there a little.
+
+11 For (as)*" with stammering lip.s and a
+foreign tongue will he speak to this people ;
+
+12 When he said unto them, This is the
+rest, cau.se ye the weary to rest; and this is
+the refreshing; but they would not hear.
+
+13 Therefore shall be unto them the word
+of the Lord, precept upon precept, precept
+upon precept; line upon line, line upon line;
+here a little, and there a little ; in order that
+they may go, and stumljle backward, and be
+broken, and snared, and caught.
+
+14 \ Therefore hear the word of the Lord,
+ye scornful men, who rule this people that is
+in Jerusalem.
+
+15 Because ye have said, "We have en-
+tered into a covenant witli death, and with
+the nether world have we made an agree-
+
+and to every precept the prophet offered them in Grod's
+name, they said that they had one from an idol. It ougiit
+to be rendered then, " For there is jirecept against precept, "
+&c. The word of God should bring rest; but as the
+drunkards of Ephraim derided it, they did sufl'er through
+their enemies the evil threatened again.st them.
+
+'' Kashi, " they regard every prophet as though he stam-
+mered, and eould not be understood." But Sachs, "God
+will speak to them through nations of stammering lips,"
+i. e. who speak the language of the laud imperfectly.
+
+
+tSATAH XXVIII. XXTX.
+
+
+ment; the overflowing scourge, uheii it pas.s-
+eth bj, shall not come at us; for we have
+made lies our refuge, and under falsehood
+have we sought a hiding-place."
+
+16 ^ Therefore thus hath said tlie Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I have laid in Zion as a
+foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly
+corner-stone, well founded : he that believeth
+will not make haste."
+
+17 And Twill make of justice a measuring
+line, and of righteousness a plummet: and
+the hail shall sweep off the refuge of lies, and
+the hiding-place against the waters shall these
+flood away.
+
+18 And your covenant with death shall be
+{innulled, and your agreement with the nether
+world shall not have permanence; the over-
+flowing scourge, when it passeth by — then
+shall ye be trodden down by it.
+
+19 As often as it passeth by shall it take
+you; for morning by morning shall it pass
+by, by day and by night; and the mere un-
+derstanding of the report shall cause terror.*"
+
+20 For the bed shall be too short for (a :
+man) to stretch himself out (on it): and the
+covering too narrow to wrap himself in.
+
+21 For as on mount Perazim" will the Lord
+rise up, as in the valley of Gib'on will he be
+wroth, that he may do his work, his singular
+work; and to accomplish his labour, his
+strange labour.
+
+22 And now be ye no longer scornful, lest
+your bonds be made strong; for as completed
+and fully decreed have I heard it from the
+Lord Eternal of hosts over all the earth.
+
+23 ^ Give ye ear, and hear my voice;
+listen, and hear my speech.
+
+24 Doth the ploughman plough all the*
+time to sow? doth he open and harrow his
+ground (continually) ?
+
+25 Is it not so? that, when he hath made
+
+
+' Aben Ezra, " For this prophecy will be accomplished
+only after many days."
+
+•■ /. e. So constant shall be the infliction of the scourge,
+that the report that it may be apprehended shall terrify
+all who hear of it. Sachs, "and the report shall teach
+nothing but terror."
+
+" Perazim,Gib'on known for the victory of Joshua where
+David prevailed over the Philistines. (2 Sam. v. 17-25.)
+
+" Jonathan. Sachs, lit. "all the day."
+
+' Kashi, "on the boundary (outer edge) of the field."
+Philippson says, that nvp here given fennel, is black car-
+raway, Niyella saliva; \nj mmin, is the Cuminum
+ci/minum, not the usual Canim ntri-i. The millet is
+
+
+level its surface he scattereth fennel, and
+streweth about cumin, and planteth the
+wheat in rows, and barley on its assigned
+(place), and millet on its proper spot?"
+
+26 For his God hath instructed him right-
+ly, taught him (so to do).'
+
+27 Truly not with a threshing instrument
+is fennel threshed, and a wagon-wheel is not
+turned about upon cumin; but fennel is
+beaten out with a staff, and cumin with a
+stick.
+
+28 Bread-corn is crushed ; but not for ever
+doth (man) keep threshing it; and thougli he
+drive over it the wheel of his wagon and his
+horses, he will not (thereby) crush it.^
+
+29 This also cometh forth from the Lord
+of hosts; wonderful is he in counsel, and excel-
+lent in (his) wise deeds.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 T[ Wo to Ariel,'' to Ariel, the town where
+David dwelt! add ye year to year; let the
+festivals come round in order;'
+
+2 Yet will I distress Ariel, and there shall
+be groaning and wailing : and it shall be unto
+me like Ariel.''
+
+3 And I will encamp against thee round
+about, and will lay siege against thee with
+hostile posts,' and I will raise up intrench-
+ments against thee.
+
+4 And brought down low, shalt thou speak
+(as though) out of the earth, and out of
+the dust shall come forth thy speech; and
+like one of a iamiliar spirit out of the eartli
+shall be thy voice, and out of the dust shalt
+thou whisper forth thy speech.
+
+5 And like the small dust shall be the
+multitude of thy barbarian enemies, and like
+the passing chaff the multitude of tyrants ;
+and (this) shall be at unawares, suddenly.
+
+6 From the Lord of hosts shall the visita-
+
+
+the Tn'fiijum sjultu of Linnseus, not "rye," as in the
+English version.
+
+' Joseph Kimchi, " And hath he so tilled it as it is pro-
+per, his God will send the rain." Kashi, "Even to the
+one whom God tcachcth (he will not for ever send his pro-
+phets) but chastise him with judgment." We have fol-
+lowed Aben Ezra and Redak.
+
+6 Rashi.
+
+" The altar.
+
+' Jonathan, "the festivals shall cease."
+
+' The city shall be filled with the slain of men, as the
+altar was surrounded with the slain cattle. — R.tSHi.
+
+' Rashi, "trenches."
+
+486
+
+
+ISAIAH XXIX. XXX.
+
+
+tion come with thunder, and with earthquake,
+and great noise, with storm and tempest, and
+the devouring flame of fire.
+
+7 And as a dream of a night-vision shall
+be the multitude of all the nations that go to
+war against Ariel, even all that fight against
+her and.raise towers against her, and that dis-
+tress her.
+
+8 And jt shall even be as when a hungry
+man dreameth, that, behold, he eateth; but
+he awaketh, and his soul is empt}^; or as
+when a thirsty man di'eameth, that, behold,
+he drinketh; but he awaketh, and, behold,
+he is faint, and his soul yet longeth : so shall
+it be with the multitude of all the nations,
+that go to war against mount Zion.
+
+9 ^ Stay but still and wonder; turn your
+eyes away, and be blinded : they are drunken,
+but not with wine ; they stagger, but not with
+strong drink.
+
+10 For the Lord hath poured out over you
+the spirit of deep sleep, and hath closed your
+eyes: (over) the prophets, and your chiefs,
+the seers, hath he cast a vail.
+
+11 And the vision of every thing is become
+unto you as the words of a Ijook that is seal-
+ed, which men deliver to one that can read,"
+saying, Read this, I pray thee; and he saith,
+I cannot; for it is sealed:
+
+12 And the book is then delivered to one
+that cannot read, saying. Read this, 1 pray
+thee ; and he saith, 1 cannot read.
+
+13 ][ And the Lord said, Forasmuch as
+this people draw near*" with their mouth, and
+with their lips do honour me, but have re-
+moved their heart far from me, and their
+fear toward me is but the acquired precept of
+men:
+
+14 Therefore, behold, I will do yet farther
+a marvellous work with this people, doing
+wonder on wonder; so that the wisdom of
+their wise men shall be lost, and the under-
+standing of their prudent men shall be hid-
+den.
+
+15 ^ Wo unto those that seek to hide
+deeply their counsel from the Lord, so that
+tlieir works may be in the dark, and they
+say, Who seeth us? and who knoweth us?
+
+16 Oh your perverseness ! shall the potter
+
+* Lit. "that knoweth a book."
+^ Jonathan, "because this people hath vaunted."
+° Rashi, after Jonathan; but Sachs, "Who into desola-
+tion mislead the righteous."
+
+486
+
+
+be esteemed as the clay? that the work shall
+say of its maker, He hath not made me? or
+shall the thing framed say of its framer, He
+had no understanding?
+
+17 Lo! but yet a very little while more,
+and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful
+field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed
+as a forest!
+
+18 And on that day shall the deaf hear
+the words of the book, and out of obscurity,
+and out of darkness, shall the eyes of the
+blind see.
+
+19 And the sufferers shall have abundant
+joy in the Lord, and the needy among men
+shall be glad in the Holy One of Israel.
+
+20 For the tyrant is no more, and con-
+sumed is the scorner, and cut off are all that
+watch for injustice;
+
+21 That cause mankind to sin by (their)
+word ; and lay a snare for him that reproveth
+(them) in the gate ; and pervert through
+fraud the cause of the just."
+
+22 Tl Therefore thus hath said the Lord un •
+to the house of Jacob, he who hath redeemed
+Abraham, Not now shall Jacob be ashamed,
+and not now shall his face be made pale.
+
+23 For when he seeth his children, the
+work of my hands in the midst of him, how
+they sanctify my name: then will they sanc-
+tify the Holy One of Jacob, and the God of
+Israel will they reverence.
+
+24 They also that were erring in spirit
+shall acquire understanding, and they that
+murmured shall obtain instruction.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 ^ Wo to the rebellious children, saith the
+Lord, that take counsel, but not from me; and
+that set themselves a ruler,'' but not by my
+spirit, in order that they may add sin to sin :
+
+2 That travel to go down into Eg3'pt. and
+have not asked my will;"" to strengthen them-
+selves through the strength of Pharaoh, and
+to seek shelter in the shadow of Egypt !
+
+3 Therefore shall the strength of Pharaoh
+become your shame, and the shelter in the
+shadow of Egypt your disgrace.
+
+4 For his princes' were at Zo'an, and his
+ambassadors had reached Chanes.
+
+^ Jonathan. Septuagint, "who make a covenant."
+Redak, "who make resolves without my spirit."
+° Lit. "my mouth."
+' Those of the king of I.«racl.
+
+
+tSAlAH XXX.
+
+
+6 They all are ashamed because of a peo-
+ple that cannot profit them, neither be a
+help nor gi\e profit; but (bringeth) shame,
+and also a reproach.
+
+6 ^ The doom" of the beasts of the south :
+Through the land of trouble and anguish,
+Avhence come the lioness and the lion, the
+^'iper and fl3'ing dragons, they will carry upon
+the shoulders of young asses their riches, and
+upon the humps of camels their treasures, to a
+people that cannot profit.
+
+7 And the Egyptians will help in vain,
+and to no jjurpose; therefore have I called
+this. Boasters they are in sitting still.
+
+8 Now go, write it belbre them on a table,
+and note it in a book, that it may be for the
+latest time to come, for ever, and to eternity;
+
+9 For this is a rebellious people, lying
+children, children that will not hear the law
+of the Lord :
+
+10 Who have said to the seers. Ye shall
+not see; and to the prophets, Keveal not
+unto us true things, speak unto us smooth
+things, reveal deceits;
+
+11 Depart you out of the way, turn aside
+out of the path, remove from before us the
+Holy One of Israel.
+
+12 Therefore thus hath said the Holy One
+of Israel, Because ye despise this word, and
+trust in oppression and perverseness, and lean
+thereon for aid :
+
+13 Therefore shall this iniquity be to you
+as a threatening breach,'' swelling out in a
+high-towering wall, the fall" of which will
+come unawares, suddenly.
+
+14 And he will break it, as one breaketh
+a potter's vessel, dashing it in pieces without
+sparing"" it; so that there cannot be found
+among its fragments a sherd to rake fire from
+a hearth and to draw water from a pit.
+
+15 ][ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+the Holy One of Israel, In repose" and rest
+shall ye be helped ; in quietness and in confi-
+
+
+" Rashi connects this verse with the above; thus,
+'■ Heavily laden go their beasts to the south, through," &c.
+
+'' Philippson, "wide extending rent."
+
+' Lit. "breaking."
+
+■^ Lit. "he will not spare."
+
+' Rashi. Others, "returning;" b'ut the verse evidently
+means that God said they should not go to Egypt, but
+await in quiet and hope his omnipotent aid.
+
+'Rashi renders, "he will tarry — he will remove him-
+self," &c., "for he will first exercise justice on sinners."
+
+' After Sachs and Philippson. Rashi, however, "bread
+
+
+deuce shall be your strength ; and ye would
+not.
+
+IG And ye said, "No; for upon horses will
+we flee;" tlierefore shall ye flee: and, "Upon
+swift l)easts will we ride;" therefore shall
+your pursuers be swift.
+
+17 One thousand (shall flee) at the threat-
+ening of one; at the threatening of five shall
+ye (all) flee : till _ye be left as a pole upon a
+mountain-top, and as an ensign on a hill.
+
+18 And therefore will the Lord wait,'^to be
+gracious unto you, and therefore will he exalt
+himself, to have mercy upon you; for a God
+of justice is the Lord: happy are all those
+that wait for him.
+
+19 ^ For 0 people of Zion that shall dwell
+at Jerusalem ! thou shalt indeed not weep :
+he will be surely gracious unto thee at the
+voice of thy cry; so soon as he heareth it, he
+answereth thee.
+
+20 And the Lord will give you bread (in)'
+adversity, and water (in) oppression ; and thy
+teachers shall not have to hide themselves in
+a corner any more, but thy eyes shall see thy
+teachers :
+
+21 And thy ears shall hear the word be-
+hind thee,'' saying, "This is the way, walk ye
+in it," when ye turn to the right hand, and
+when ye turn to the left.
+
+22 And ye will regard as unclean the
+covering of thy graven idols of silver, ami
+the ornament of thy molten images of gold :
+thou wilt cast them away as a filthy thing;
+"Get thee hence," wilt thou say unto them.
+
+23 Then will he give the rain for thy seed,
+that thou raayest sow in the ground; and
+bread — the produce of the ground — this shall
+be fat and nutritious: thy cattle shall feed
+on that day in extensive pastures.'
+
+24 The oxen likewise and the voung asses
+that till the ground shall eat salted"" proven-
+der, which hath been winnowed with the
+shovel and with the fan.
+
+
+of adversity, and water of oppression;" t. e. every thing
+in moderation, in opposition to the luxury then existing,
+which led to such forgelfulness of God. Jonathan, "the
+property of the enemy, and the spoil of the oppressor."
+
+^ The prophets are represented as shepherds walking
+behind the flock. — This verse is the opposite of the rejec-
+tion of the word, above, verses 10, 11.
+
+' Jonathan, "till they be fat cattle."
+
+' Aben Ezra. Salt is a useful article for cattle. Rashi,
+"mixed with corn." Redak, "purified," "clean," from
+an Arabic root.
+
+487
+
+
+ISAIAH XXX. XXXI. XXXII.
+
+
+25 And there shall be upon every high
+mountam, and upon every prominent hill,
+rivulets, streams of waters on the day of the
+great slaughter, when towers fall.
+
+26 And the light of the moon shall be as
+the light of the sun, and the light of the sun
+shall be sevenfold, as the light of the seven
+days, on the day that the Lord bindeth up
+the jjroken (limbs) of his people, and healeth
+the bruise of their wound.
+
+27 ][ Behold, the name of the Lord cometh
+from afar, burning is his anger, and heavy
+the smoke;" his lips are full of indignation,
+and his tongue is like a devouring fire;
+
+28 And his breath, like an overflowing
+stream, shall reach to the midst of the neck,
+to toss the nations with the van of falsehood :
+and (to place) a deceiving bridle on the jaws
+of the people.
+
+29 (Then) shall ye have a song, as in the
+night when a festival'' is ushered in, and joy
+of heai't, as when one goeth with the tlute
+to come unto the mountain of the Lord, to
+the Eock of Israel.
+
+30 And the Lord will cause his majestic
+voice to be heard, and will show the stretch-
+ing down of his arm, in the indignation of
+(his) anger, and in the flame of a devouring
+fire, in flood, and tempest, and stones of hail.
+
+31 For because of the voice of the Lord
+shall be terrified Asshur, that smote (you)
+with the rod.
+
+32 And at every passage of the appointed""
+staff which the Lord will let fall on him, thei'e
+shall be (music) on tambourine and harp; and
+in the tumult'' of battles will he fight with
+them.
+
+33 For already of old is Topheth" made
+ready; also this is prepared for the king —
+deep and wide ; its pile hath fire and wood in
+plenty, the breath of tlie Lord, like a stream
+of sulphur, will kindle it into a flame.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 Tl Wo to those that go down to Egypt
+for help; and depend for support on horses,
+
+' Judges XX. 40. Rashi, "burden."
+
+"■ Lit. "when a feast is sanctified."
+
+° The punishment decreed; it means, as often as the
+bhiw falls on the Assyrians, the Israelites shall be merry
+at their deliverance.
+
+'' nsijn, after Aben Ezra, "the waving of the hand to
+play." But it means here the swinging of armour and
+the shaking of swords, or the tumult of the fight.
+488
+
+
+and trust on chariots, because they are many;
+and on horsemen, because they are very
+strong; but Avho turn not unto the Holy One
+of Israel, and seek not the Lord !
+
+2 Yet he also is wise, and bringeth evil,
+and taketh not back his words; and riseth
+up against the house of evil-doers, and against
+the help of those that work injustice.
+
+3 But the Egyptians are men, and not
+God; and their horses are flesh, and not
+spirit; and the Lord will stretch out his hand,
+and there sliall stumble the helper, and he
+that is helped shall fall down, and they all
+shall perish together.
+
+4 )] For thus hath said the Lord unto me,
+Just as the lion or the young lion growleth
+over his prey, against whom is called forth
+the company of shepherds, of whose voice he
+is not afraid, and is not depressed because of
+their multitude: thus will the Lord come
+down, to fight on mount Zion and on its hill.
+
+5 As fluttering birds, so will the Lord of
+hosts shield Jerusalem ; shielding and deliver-
+ing; sparing*^ and preserving.
+
+6 Turn ye unto him from whom the chil-
+dren of Israel have deeply revolted.
+
+7 For on that day shall every man despise
+his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which
+your own hands have made unto you for a
+sin.
+
+8 Then shall Asshur fall by the sword of
+one who is not a man; and the sword of one
+who is not a son of earth shall devour him;
+and he shall flee him from the sword, and
+his joung men shall become tributary'.
+
+y And his stronghold shall pass away for
+fear, and his princes shall be terrified because
+of the ensign, saith the Lord, who hath a fire
+in Zion, and a furnace in Jerusalem.
+
+CHAPTER XXXn.
+
+1 ^ Behold, a king shall reign in right-
+eousness, and princes shall rule in justice.
+
+2 And every one" shall be as a hiding-
+place from the wind, and a covert from the
+tempest; as rivulets of water in a dry place,
+
+° Topheth, the place outside of JerusaJem where Mo-
+lech was served, and where the offal was burnt. The
+image will thus be readily understood.
+
+' Lit. " passing over," /. r. not striking them when others
+are stricken. Redak thinks that "fluttering birds" refers
+to Jerusalem; others, "as birds flutter over their young."
+
+* Rashi, " The man who is mighty in the fear of God
+(Hezekiah) shall be to Israel," &c.
+
+
+ISAIAII XXXII. XXXIII.
+
+
+as the shadow of a large rock in a hinguishing
+land."
+
+3 And the eyes of those that see shall not
+he blinded again, and the ears of those that
+hoar shall hearken.
+
+4 The heart also of the rash shall be at-
+tentive in order to know, and the tongue of
+the stammerers shall be ready to speak
+plainly.
+
+5 The worthless person shall be no more
+called liberal, and the avaricious'' man shall
+not be said to be bountiful.
+
+6 For the worthless person ever speaketh
+villany, and his heart will work injustice, to
+practise hypocrisy, and to speak error against
+the Lord, to leave empty the soul of the hun-
+gry, and the drink of the thirsty will he take
+away.
+
+7 The instruments also of the avaricious
+man are evil : he deviseth wicked resolves to
+destroy the poor with words of falsehood, even
+when the needy speaketh what is right.
+
+8 But the liberal deviseth liberal things;
+and he ever persisteth by liberal things.
+
+9 ^ Ye careless women rise up, hear my
+voice ; ye daughters that are secure, give ear
+unto my speech.
+
+10 After days and years shall ye shudder,
+ye women that are secure; for ended is the
+vintage, the fruit gathering shall nowise come.
+
+11 Tremble, ye careless women; shudder,
+ye that are secure, strip off your garments
+and make yourselves bare, and gird (sack-
+cloth) upon the loins.
+
+12 (They shall strike) on the breast, la-
+menting, for the pleasant fields, for the fruit-
+ful vine.
+
+13 Upon the soil of my people thorns and
+briers shall come up ; yea, upon all the houses
+of joy of the gladsome town.
+
+14 Because the palace is abandoned, the
+tumult of the city is forsaken ; the hill and
+watch-tower are become dens for a long time,"
+a joyous haunt for wild asses, a pasture for
+flocks.
+
+
+° i. e. Where the traveller languishes for water.
+
+' Sa'adyah. Gesenius,"deceitf'ur'or" cunning." Rashi,
+"deceiver."
+
+" Philippson, after Jonathan. Others, lit. "for ever."
+
+■^ After Sachs and Philippson ; after Aben Ezra in part,
+
+rendering TI3 as Tii3; but Jonathan, literally, "hail,"
+
+thus, " and the hail shall come down and slay the camps
+
+of the nations so that perish and be at an end their
+
+3 M
+
+
+15 Until a spirit be poured upon us from
+on high, and the wilderness be changed into
+a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be ac-
+counted as a forest.
+
+16 Then shall justice dwell in the wilder-
+ness, and righteousness abide in the fruitful
+field.
+
+17 And the work of righteousness shall be
+peace; and the effect of righteousness quiet-
+ness and security for ever.
+
+18 And then shall my people abide in
+peaceful dwellings, and secure abodes, and in
+undisturbed resting-places.
+
+19 And it shall spread itself out in the de-
+clivity of the forest; and far down in the
+lowlands shall the city descend.''
+
+20 Happy are ye that sow beside all waters,
+freely sending forth the feet of the ox and
+the ass.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 ][ Wo to thee that wastest, while thou
+wast not wasted; and traitor, while men
+dealt not treacherously with thee ! when thou
+shalt have made an end of wasting, thou shalt
+be wasted; and when thou shalt have finished
+to deal treacherously, men shall deal treacher-
+ously with thee.
+
+2 ][ 0 Lord, be gracious unto us ; we have
+waited for thee : be thou their support" every
+morning, also our salvation in the time of
+trouble.
+
+3 At the noise of (thy) thunder'' people fled;
+when thou liftedst thyself up nations were
+scattei'ed.
+
+4 And your spoil shall be gathered as the
+cricket gathei'eth:^ as locusts run about, so
+shall people hasten after it.
+
+5 The Lord is exalted; for he dwelleth on
+high: he hath filled Zion with justice and
+righteousness.
+
+6 And the stability of thy times and the
+strength of thy happiness shall be wisdom
+and knowledge; the fear of the Lord is his**
+treasure.
+
+
+dwellings." Rashi, — "upon the wicked, who are now
+built up and full of cities as a forest of trees."
+
+"Lit. "arm." Rashi comments on " their," "those who
+were subjected to the waster," spoken of in verse 1.
+
+' Lit. " tumult."
+
+' Rashi, "each of which gathered its food in summer."
+Others, "as the cricket (others, caterpillar) is gathered."
+
+^ t. e. Of the man who possesses it.
+
+489
+
+
+ISAIAH XXXIII. XXXTV.
+
+
+7 ^ Behold, their valiant ones cry with-
+out : the ambassadors of peace weep bitterly.
+
+8 The highwaj^s lie waste, ceased hath the
+wayfaring traveller: he" hath broken the cove-
+nant, he despiseth cities, he regardeth not
+man.
+
+9 It mourneth, it languislieth — the land:
+Lebanon is ashamed, it is withered away;
+Sharon is become like a wilderness; and be-
+reft of their fruits are Bashan and Carmel.
+
+10 Now will I arise, saith the Lord; now
+will I raise myself; now will I lift myself up.
+
+11 Ye shall be pregnant with hay, (and) ye
+shall bring forth stubble: your breath is a
+fire, which shall devour you.
+
+12 And the people shall be burnt as lime :*'
+as cut-off thorns shall they blaze up in tire.
+
+13 Tl Hear, ye distant ones, what I have
+done; and acknowledge ye that are near my
+might.
+
+14 In Zion sinners are in dread; trembling
+hath seized on hypocrites. " Who" among us
+shall abide with the devouring fire? who
+among us shall abide with everlasting burn-
+mgs ;
+
+15 He that walketh in righteousness, and
+speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth the
+gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands
+against taking hold of bribes, that stoppeth
+his ears asainst hearing of blood, and sliut-
+teth his eyes against looking on evil ;
+
+16 He shall dwell on high; rocky strong-
+liolds shall be his refuge: his bread shall be
+given him; his water shall be sure.
+
+17 The king in his beauty shall thy eyes
+behold : they shall see a far-off land.
+
+18 Thy heart shall meditate (on past) ter-
+ror. " Where is who wrote down T"* where is
+he that weighed? where is he that counted
+the towers?"
+
+19 The barbarous people shalt thou not see
+any more, the people of a speech too obscure
+to be understood, of a stammering tongue,
+without meaning.
+
+20 Look on Zion, the town of our solemn
+assemblies; thy eyes shall see Jerusalem as an
+
+
+* r. c. The enemy.
+
+* Lit. "as the burnings of lirae."
+
+' Rashi, " Who shall stand for us to ward off," &c.
+
+'' Redak, " who wmte down the taxes, and he also,
+who weighed the tribute, and eounted and wrote down
+the number of towers;" all are now gone; a thing only
+of dreadful memory.
+400
+
+
+undisturbed residence, a tent that shall not be
+struck for removal; not one of the stakes of
+which shall ever be moved, and all the cords
+of which shall never be torn loose.
+
+21 But there will the Lokd (show himself)
+mighty unto us, (in) a place of rivers and
+streams of ample l)readth ; wherein no oared
+galley shall go, and a gallant ship shall not
+pass thereby.
+
+22 For the Lord is our judge, the Lord is
+our lawgiver, the Lord is our king; he will
+save us.
+
+23 Loose hang thy tacklings; they cannot
+well uphold strongly their mast, they cannot
+spread the sail. Then are divided booty and
+spoil in abundance, (even) the lame take the
+booty.
+
+24 And no inhabitant shall say, I am sick :
+the people that dwell therein shall be one
+whose iniquity is forgiven.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ^ Come near, ye nations, to hear; and
+ye people, hearken : let the earth hear, and all
+that filleth it; the world, and all things that
+spring forth of it.
+
+2 For the indignation of the Lord is (en-
+kindled) over all the nations, and his fury
+over all tlieir army : he hath devoted them,
+he hath given them up to the slaughter.
+
+3 And their slain also shall be cast out,
+and as regardeth their carcasses their stench
+shall ascend upward, and the mountains shall
+be melted through their blood.
+
+4 And all the host of heaven shall be dis-
+solved, and the heavens shall be rolled to-
+gether like a book : and all their host shall
+wither, as the leaf withereth from the vine,
+and as withering fruit from the fig-tree.
+
+5 For my sword is sated" in heaven : be-
+hold, it shall come down upon Edom, and
+upon the people I have devoted to punish-
+ment.'
+
+6 The sword of the Lord is full of blood,
+it is enriched* with fot, with the blood of
+lambs and goats,*" with the fat of the kidneys
+
+° I. e. With slaughter. Sachs and others, " drunk," /. e.
+with blood.
+
+' Aben Ezra, lit. "judgment." Rashi, "the people
+with which I war."
+
+* In the sense of being fat.
+
+'■ Rashi "chiefs and rulers." — The overcoming of the
+guilty is represented as a bloody victory over enemies.
+
+
+ISAIAH XXXIV. XXXV.
+
+
+of rams ; for the Lord liath a sacrifice in Boz-
+rab, and a great slaughter in the land of
+Edom.
+
+7 And wild oxen" shall sink down with
+them, and steers with bullocks; and their
+land shall be sated with blood, and their dust
+enriched with fat.
+
+8 For it is the day of vengeance unto the
+Lord, and the year of recompense for the con-
+troversy'' of Zion.
+
+9 And its brooks shall be changed into
+jntch, and its dust into sulphur, and its land
+shall become burning pitch.
+
+10 Night and day shall it not be quenched;
+for ever shall ascend the smoke thereof: from
+generation to generation shall it lie waste; no
+one shall for ever and ever pass through it.
+
+11 But pelican and hedgehog shall take
+possession of it; night>owl also and raven
+shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out over
+it the line of destruction, and the weights" of
+desolation.
+
+12 Their nobles — no one is there they
+could call (to) the kingdom, and all its princes
+shall be no more.
+
+13 And thoi'ns shall spring up in its pa-
+laces, nettles and brambles in its fortresses :
+and it shall be a habitation of monsters, and
+a court for ostriches.
+
+14 And the martens'^ shall meet with the
+jackals, and one goat shall call to his fellow;
+only the screech-owl shall rest there, and find
+for herself a place of repose.
+
+15 There shall nestle the arrow-snake,°
+and lay eggs, and hatch, and gather its young
+under its shadow .^ only vultures shall assem-
+ble there, every one with her mate.
+
+16 Inquire out of the book of the Lord,
+and read : not one of these shall be absent,
+not one shall miss her mate ; for my mouth
+it is that hath ordained it, and its breath" it
+is that hath gathei'ed them.
+
+17 And he hath cast the lot for them, and
+his hand hath divided it out unto them by
+the measuring line : for ever shall they pos-
+
+' Sachs leaves reem untranslated. Philippson, " buflfa-
+loes."
+
+'' Sachs, " to contend for Zion."
+
+° Ilashi. Sachs, simply "plummet;" elsewhere rhvati;
+lit. " stones," used for " weights." (Levi. six. 36, &:c.)
+
+* Rashi, rendered .^iv. 21, "beasts of the desert."
+
+• Philippson; stating it be the Anguisjaculus of Linn.
+a small, but very poisonous serpent, in Africa and Arabia.
+
+
+sess it, from generation to generation shall
+they dwell therein.
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 1[ The wilderness and the dry land shall
+be glad thereat ;'' and the desert shall rejoice,
+and blossom as the lily.'
+
+2 It shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice,
+yea, with joy and singing; the glory of the
+Lebanon shall be given unto it, the elegance
+of Carmel and Sharon : they indeed shall see
+the glory of the Lord, and the excellency of
+our God.
+
+3 ^ Strengthen ye Aveak hands, and stum-
+bling knees make ye firm.
+
+4 Say to the timid of heart. Be strong, fear
+not: behold, your God, (with) vengeance will
+he come, with God's recompense ; it is he who
+will come and save you.
+
+5 Then shall the eyes of the blind be
+opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be un-
+stopped.
+
+6 Then shall the lame leap as a hart, and
+the tongue. of the dumb shall sing; for in the
+wilderness shall waters break out, and brooks
+in the desert.
+
+7 And the sandy waste'^ shall be changed
+into a pool, and the thirsty land into springs
+of water : in the habitation of monsters, where
+each one used to lie, shall be a court for reeds
+and rushes.
+
+8 And there shall be a highway and a
+way, and The holy way, shall it be called ; no
+unclean one shall pass over it; but it shall be
+(only) theirs; the wayfaring man, and those
+unacquainted' (therewith), shall not go
+astray.
+
+9 No lion shall be there, and no ravenous
+beast shall go up thereon, — shall not be found
+there; but there shall walk the redeemed:
+
+10 And the ransomed of the Lord shall re-
+turn, and come to Zion with song, with ever-
+lasting joy upon their head; gladness and joy
+shall they obtain, and sorrow and sighing
+shall flee away.
+
+
+' i. e. Protection. ' Ilashi.
+
+'' Aben Ezra deems the D of Diiyty superfluous, and
+simply renders " shall be glad," and so Sachs, &c.
+
+' Philippson, " narcissus." Eng. version, after Redak,
+" rose."
+
+^ Philippson, " the mirage shall become an actual
+lake."
+
+' Jonathan: otherwise D'ViX is rendered with " fools."
+
+491
+
+
+ISAIAH XXXVI. XXXVII.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+1 ^1 And" it came to pass in the fourteenth
+year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib the
+king of Ass^'ria came uj) against all the forti-
+fied cities of Judali, and seized on them.
+
+2 And the I^^ing of Assyria sent Rabsliakeli
+from Lacliisli to Jerusalem to king Hezekiah
+with a strong army. And he halted by the
+aqueduct of the upper pool on the highway
+of the washer's field.
+
+3 Then came forth unto him Elyakim, the
+son of Cliilkiyahu, who was superintendent
+over the house, and Shebna the scribe, and
+Yoiich the son of Assaph, the recorder.
+
+4 And Rabshakeh said unto them, — Say
+ye now to Hezekiah, Thus hath said the
+great king, the king of Assyria, What confi-
+dence is this wherewith thou hast trusted ?
+
+5 I have said,*" but it was only a Avord
+uttered with the lips, (I have) counsel and
+strength for the war. Now, on whom didst
+thou trust, that thou rebelledst against me ?
+
+6 Behold, tliou trustedst on yon cracked
+reed-stafl', on Egypt; wliicii, if a man lean
+on it, will enter into his hand, and pierce it :
+so is Pharaoh the king of Egypt to all that
+trust on him.
+
+7 But if thou shouldst say to me. In the
+Lord our God have we trusted : is he not the
+one whose high-places and whose altars Heze-
+kiah hath removed, when he said to Judali
+and to Jerusalem, Before this altar shall ye
+prostrate yourselves?
+
+8 And now I pray thee, enter into a con-
+test with my master the king of Assyria, and
+I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou
+be able on thy part to set riders upon them.
+
+9 How then wilt thou turn back the fixce
+of a single chieftain of the least of my mas-
+ter's servants, while thou hast put thy trust
+on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen ?
+
+10 And now am I come up without the
+Lord('s will) against this land to destroy it?
+The Lord hath said unto me, Go up against
+this land, and destroy it.
+
+11 Then said Elyakim and Shebna and
+Yoiich unto Rabshakeh, Speak, we pray thee,
+unto thy servants in the Syrian language;
+
+
+• For explanatory notes to this, and chapters xxxvii. to
+xxxix., see 2 Kings xviii. to xx.
+
+*' The words of Hezekiah quoted by Rabshakeh.
+
+492 ' ^
+
+
+for we understand it : and speak not to us In
+the Jewish language, before the ears of the
+people that are on the wall.
+
+12 But Rabshakeh said. Hath my master
+then sent me to thy master and to thee to speak
+these words? is it not rather to the men who sit
+upon the wall, that they may eat their own ex-
+crements, and drink their own urine with you?
+
+13 Then stood Rabshakeh up, and called
+out with a loud voice in the Jewish lantiuaoe,
+and said, Hear ye the words of the great khig,
+the king of Assyria.
+
+14 TIius hath said the king. Let not Heze-
+kiah deceive you ; for he will not be able to
+deliver you ;
+
+15 Neither let Hezekiah induce you to
+trust in the Lord, saying, The Lord will
+surely deliver us ; this city shall not be given
+up into the hand of the king of Assyria.
+
+16 Hearken not to Hezekiah; for thus hath
+said the king of Assyria, Make a treaty of
+pence witli me, and come out to me; and eat ye
+every one of his vine, and every one of his
+fig-tree, and drink ye every one the waters
+of his cistern ;
+
+17 Until I come and take you away to a
+land like your own land, a land of corn and
+wine, a land of bread and vineyards.
+
+18 So that Hezekiah may not mislead you,
+saying. The Lord will deliver us. Have the
+gods of the nations delivered each his land
+out of the hand of the king of Assyria?
+
+19 Where are the gods of Chamath and
+Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvayim?
+and have they then delivered Samaria out of
+my hand?
+
+20 Who are they among all the gods of
+these countries, that have delivered their
+countiy out of my hand, that the Lord should
+deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?
+
+21 But they remained silent, and answered
+him not a word ; for it was the king's com-
+mand, saying. Ye shall not answer him.
+
+22 Then came Elyakim the son of Chilki-
+yahu, that was superintendent over the house,
+and Shebna the scribe, and Yoacli the son of
+Assaph, the I'ecorder, to Hezekiah with their
+clothes rent; and they told him the words
+of Rabshakeh.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIL
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, when king Heze-
+kiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and
+
+
+ISAIAH XXXVII.
+
+
+co\ert'd himself with suckcluth, uud went into
+the house of the Lord.
+
+'1 And he sent Elyakim, who was superin-
+tendent over the house, and Shebna the
+scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered
+witli sackcloth, to Isaiah the son of Amoz, the
+prophet.
+
+3 And the}- said unto him, Thus hath said
+Hezekiah, A day of trouble, and of rebuke,
+and of derision is this day ; for the children
+are come to the birth, and there is not
+streiiizth to bring forth.
+
+4 Perhaps the Lord thy God will hear the
+words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of As-
+syria his master hath sent to blaspheme the
+living God, and who hath reproached with the
+words which the Lord thy God hath heard:
+wherefore lift up a prayer for the remnant
+that is still Ibund here.
+
+5 And the servants of king Hezekiah came
+to Isaiah.
+
+6 And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall
+ye say unto your master, Thus hath said the
+Lord, Be not afraid Ijecause of the words
+which thou hast heard, with which the boys
+of the king of Assyria have blasphemed
+me.
+
+7 Behold, I will put an (other) sjiirit in him,
+and when he will hear a rumour, he shall
+return to liis own land ; and I will cause him
+to fall by the sword in bis own land.
+
+8 And Rabshakeh returned, and found
+the king of Assyria warring against Libnah;
+for he had heard that he was departed from
+Lachish.
+
+9 And he heard it said of Thirhakah the
+king of Ethiopia, He is come out to fight with
+thee. And when he had heard it, he sent
+messengers to Hezekiah, saying,
+
+10 Thus shall ye say to Hezekiah the king
+of Judah, as followeth. Let not thy God, in
+whom thou trustest, deceive thee, saying,
+Jerusalem shall not be given up into the
+hand of the king of Assyria.
+
+11 Behold, thou thyself hast heard what
+the kings of Assyria have done to all the
+lands by destroying them utterly: and thou
+alone shouldst be delivered?
+
+12 Have the gods of the nations which my
+lathers destroyed delivered them, as Gozan,
+and (Jharan, and Rezeph, and the children of
+'Eden, who were in Thelassar?
+
+13 Where is the kinu- of Chamath. and the
+
+
+king of Arpad, and the king of the city of
+Sepharvayim, of Hena', and 'Ivvah?
+
+14 And Hezekiah took the letter out of
+the hand of the messengers, and read it : and
+Hezekiah went up unto the house of the
+Lord, and spread it out before the Lord.
+
+15 And Hezekiah prayed unto the Lord,
+saying,
+
+10 0 Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, who
+dwellest between the cherubim, thou art the
+(true) God, thou alone, for all the kingdoms
+of the earth; (for) it is thou who hast made
+the heavens and earth.
+
+17 Bend down, 0 Lord, thy ear, and hear;
+open, 0 Lord, thy eye, and see : and hear all
+the words of Sennacherib, which he hath sent
+to Ijlaspheme the living God.
+
+18 Ti'uly, Lord, the kings of Ass_yria have
+devastated all the nations," and their land ;
+
+19 And they have placed their gods into
+the fire; for they are no gods, but the work
+of man's hands, wood and stone; and these
+have they destroyed.
+
+20 And now, 0 Lord our God, save us out
+of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the
+earth may know that thou art the Lord, thou
+alone.
+
+21 Then sent Isaiah the son of Amoz unto
+Hezekiah, saying. Thus hath said the Lord
+the God of Israel, Whereas thou hast prayed
+to me concerning Sennacherib the king of
+Assyria :
+
+22 This is the word that the Lord hath
+spoken over him: She despiseth thee, she
+laugheth thee to scorn, the virgin daughter
+of Zion; behind she shaketh her head, the
+daughter of Jerusalem.
+
+23 Whom hast thou blasphemed, and
+(whom) hast thou scorned? and against whom
+hast thou raised thy voice, and lifted up thy
+eyes on high? against the Holy One of Israel.
+
+24 Through thy servants hast thou blas-
+phemed the Lord, and hast said, With the
+multitude of my chariots am I indeed come
+up to the height of the mountains, to the
+sides of Lebanon ; and I will cut down its tall
+cedars,the choice of its fir-trees: and I will
+enter into the height of its summit, the forest
+of its fruitful soil.
+
+25 I have dug, and drunk water; and I
+
+
+' Heb. "countries;" but in the parallel passage, 2
+Kings sis. 17, we read D'U "nations," as here given.
+
+in
+
+
+ISAIAH XXXVII. XXXVIII.
+
+
+will dry up with the sole of my feet all the
+streams of besieged places.
+
+26 Hadst thou not heard, that in distant
+ages I had prepared this? in the times of
+antiquity when I formed it? now have I
+brought it along, and it came to pass to de-
+solate into ruinous heaps fortified cities.
+
+27 And thus their inhabitants were of
+short power, they were discouraged and con-
+founded : they were as the herbs of the field,
+and as the green grass; as the moss on the
+housetops, and as corn blasted before the ear
+appeareth.
+
+28 But thy abiding, and thy going out, and
+thy coming in do I know, and thy raging
+against me.
+
+29 Because of thy raging against me, and
+thy tumult, that is come up into my ears,
+will I put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle
+between thy lips, and I will cause thee to
+turn back on the way by which thou camest.
+
+30 And this shall be unto thee the sign,
+Ye shall eat this year what groweth of itself;
+and in the second year what springeth after
+the same; and in the third year sow, and
+reap, and plant vinej^ards, and eat their fruit.
+
+31 And the remnant of the house of Judah
+that is escaped shall 3'Ot strike root down-
+ward, and bear fruit uj^ward.
+
+32 For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a
+remnant, and that which escapeth out of
+Mount Zion: the zeal of the Lord of hosts
+will do this.
+
+33 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not
+come into this city, and he shall not shoot an
+ari'ow thereon, nor come before it with shields,
+nor cast uji an embankment against it.
+
+34 On the way by which he came, by the
+same shall he return, and into this city shall
+he not come, saith the Lord.
+
+35 And I will shield this city to save it
+for my own sake, and for the sake of David
+my servant.
+
+36 ^ Then went out an angel of the Lord,
+and smote in the camp of the Assyrians one
+hundred and eighty and five thousand men ;
+and when people arose early in the morning,
+behold, they were all dead corpses.
+
+37 And Sennacherib the king of Assyria
+
+* lledak. Rashi and 'Eramah, "in the suffering," or
+"desolation of my days." Others, "I said on my days of
+suffering, I shall," &c.
+494
+
+
+departed, and went and returned, and dwelt
+at Nineveh.
+
+38 And it came to pass, as he was prostrat-
+ing himself in the house of Nisroch his god,
+that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons
+smote him with the sword; and they escaped
+into the land of Ararat. And Essar-chaddon
+his son became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+1 ^ In those days Hezekiah fell sick unto
+death ; and there came unto him Isaiah the
+son of Amoz, the prophet, and said unto him.
+Thus hath said the Lord, Give thy charge to
+thy house; for thou shalt die, and not live.
+
+2 Then did Hezekiah turn his face to the
+wall, and prayed unto the Lord.
+
+3 And he said, 0 Lord, I beseech thee
+remember now that I have walked before
+thee in truth, and with an undivided heart,
+and have done what is good in thy eyes.
+And Hezekiah wept aloud.
+
+4 T[ Then came the word of the Lord to
+Isaiah, saying,
+
+5 Go, and say to Hezekiah, Thus hath
+said the Lord, the God of David thy father, I
+have heard thy prayer, I ha\'e seen thy tears :
+behold, I will add unto thj* dciys fifteen years.
+
+6 And out of the hand of the king of As-
+syria will I deliver thee and this city; and I
+will shield this city.
+
+7 And this shall be unto thee the sign
+from the Lord, tliat the Lord will do this
+thing which he hath spoken :
+
+8 Behold, I will cause the shadow of
+the degrees, which is gone down on the dial
+of Achaz by the sun, to return backward ten
+degrees. So the sun returned ten degrees,
+by the degrees which he was gone down.
+
+9 ^ The writing of Hezekiah the king of
+Judah, when he had been sick, and ^vas re-
+covered of his sickness :
+
+10 I had said, In the midst' of my days,
+must I enter the gates of the nether world ;
+I am deprived of the residue of iny years.
+
+11 I had said, I shall not see the Lord,
+the Lord, in the land of the living: I shall
+not behold man any more among the inhabit-
+ants of the regions of death.''
+
+12 My dwelling" is broken down, and is re-
+
+
+" Rashi.
+
+• Redak and Aben E^ra. Oilier-^
+broken off." Lit. " irencration."
+
+
+■ my lit'etinio is
+
+
+ISAIAH XXXVIII. XXXIX. XL.
+
+
+moved from me as a, shepherd's tent : I have
+cut off, like a weaver, my life; with pining
+sickness will he snatch me away:" from day
+until night wilt thou make an end of me.
+
+13 I waited (with patience) till morning,
+(whether)'' as a lion, so would he break all
+my bones: from day until night wilt thou
+make an end of me.
+
+14 Like a swallow or a crane, so did I
+chirp; I. did moan like a dove; my eyes were
+lifted up on high : 0 Lord, I am oppressed ;
+grant me ease.
+
+15 What shall I speak? he hath pro-
+mised it unto me, and he hath also accom-
+plished it; I will make pilgrimages (to God's
+house) all my years because of the bitterness
+of my soul.
+
+16 0 Lord, by these (things men) will live,
+and in all these (things) is the life of my
+spirit: so A'ilt thou give me health, and cause
+me to live.
+
+17 Behold, for peace I had great Ijitterne.ss;
+but thou hast, in loving my soul, delivered it
+from the pit of corruption; for thou hast cast
+behind thy back all my sins.
+
+18 For the nether world will not thank
+thee, death will not praise thee : they that go
+down into the pit will not hope for thy truth.
+
+19 The living, the living alone sliall thank
+thee, like me this day : the father to the chil-
+dren shall make known thy truth.
+
+20 The Lord is there to help me ; therefore
+will we play my hymns all the days of our
+life in the house of the Lord.
+
+21 And Isaiah had said, Let them take a
+lump of figs, and lay it for a plaster upon the
+intiammation, and he shall recover.
+
+22 And Hezekiah had said. What is the
+sign that I shall go up to the house of the
+Lord?
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+1 At that time sent Merodach-baladan, the
+son of Baladan, tlie king of Babjlon, letters
+and a present to Hezekiah ; for he luid heard
+that he had been sick, and was become strong
+again.
+
+2 And Hezekiah was rejoiced on their ac-
+
+" Sachs, elegantly but freely, " My life is cut ofiF unto
+me, as though the weaver were to tear il off from the
+thread (of tlie web)." Life is a web, the days the single
+tliroads, which are severed by the luind of death.
+
+
+count, and showed them his treasure-iiouse,
+the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and
+the precious oil, and the whole of liis tirmour-
+house, and all that was found in his trea-
+sures: there was nothing that Hezekiah
+showed them not, in his house, and in all his
+dominion.
+
+3 Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king
+Hezekiah, and said unto him, What did these
+men say? and whence did they come unto
+thee? And Hezekiah said, From a far-off
+country are they come unto me, from Ba-
+bylon.
+
+4 And he said. What did they see in thy
+house? And Hezekiah said, All that is in
+my house have the}' seen : there is nothing
+that I did not show them in my treasures.
+
+5 And Isaiah said to Hezekiah, Hear the
+word of the Lord of hosts,
+
+G Behold, days are coming when all that
+is in thy house, and that which thy fathers
+have laid up in store until this day, shall be
+carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left,,
+saith the Lord.
+
+7 And of thy sons that will issue from
+thee, whom thou wilt beget, shall they take ;
+and they shall l>e court-servants in the palace
+of the king of Babylon.
+
+8 Then said Hezekiah to Isaiah, Good is
+the word of the Lord which thou hast spoken.
+He said moreover, For there shall be peace
+and stability in my days.
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+1 T[ Comfort ye, comfort ye my j^eople, saith
+your God.
+
+2 Speak ye (comfort) to the heart of Jeru-
+salem, and call out unto her, that her" time
+of sorrow is accomplished, that her iniquity is
+atoned for; for she hath received from the
+hand of the Lord double for all her sins.
+
+3 ][ A voice calleth out, In the wilderness
+make ye clear the way of the Lord, make
+straight in the desert a highway for our God.
+
+4 Every valley shall be raised, and every
+mountain and hill shall be made low; and
+the crooked shall be made a straight path,
+and the rough places a plain :
+
+
+'' Rashi, " I made myself strong like a lion, hoping for
+the morning; yet the more would he break," &c.
+
+° Philippson, "its servitude." Heinemann, "her war-
+fare." Sachs, "her time of servitude."
+
+Wo
+
+
+ISAIAH XL.
+
+
+5 And the glory of the Lord shall be re-
+vealed; and all flesh shall see it together; for
+the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.
+
+6 ^ A voice salth, Proclaim; and he saith,
+What shall I proclaim? All flesh is grass,
+and all its goodliness is as the flower of the
+field:
+
+7' The grass withereth, the flower fadeth ;
+because the breath of the Lord hath Ijlown
+upon it; surely the people is grass.
+
+8 The grass withereth, the flower fadeth;
+but the word of our God will stand firm for
+ever.
+
+9 ^ Upon a high mountain get thee up,
+thou that bringest good tidings to Zion; lift
+up with strength thy voice, thou who bringest
+good tidings to Jerusalem ; lift it up, be not
+afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold,
+(here is) your God !
+
+10 Behold, the Lord Eternal will come
+with might," and his arm ruleth for him : be-
+hold, his reward is with him, and his recom-
+pense'' before him.
+
+11 Like a shepherd will he feed his flock:
+with his arm will he gather the lambs, and
+in his bosom will he carry them, will he lead
+gently those that suckle their young.
+
+12 ^ Who hath measured in the hollow
+of his hand" the waters, and meted out the
+heavens with the span, and comprised in a
+measure'' the dust of the earth, and weighed
+in the scale-beam the mountains, and the hills
+in balances?
+
+13 Who hath meted out" the Spirit of the
+Lord? and (who was) his counsellor that he
+could have given him information?
+
+14 With whom took he counsel, that he
+gave him understanding, and taught him the
+path of justice, and taught him knowledge,
+and caused him to know the way of under-
+standing?
+
+15 Behold, nations are as a drop out of a
+bucket, and as the small dust of the balance
+
+
+" Hcincmaiin, "as the mighty one."
+
+'' Rashi. Jonathan, "bcliold, the reward of those who
+have done his wm-il is with him ; for all their deeds are
+known before him."
+
+° Rashi, "with Lis steps."
+
+■" K/^hw, literally, "a third;" hence Rashi, "a third de-
+sort, a third habitable hand, a third seas and rivers."
+
+■^ Ruslii, after the Massorali, "Who has iiioti^d out the
+spirit!' the Loiir."
+
+' Jonathan. Kedak, "behuld, islands he liftrlh uji like
+line dust."
+490
+
+
+are they accounted: behold, isles are like the
+flyino; dust.*^
+
+16 And Lebanon is not sufficient fur l)urn-
+ing, and its beasts do not suffice for burnt-
+offering.
+
+17 ^ All the nations are as naught before
+him; less than nothing, and vanity" are they
+accounted to him.
+
+18 To whom then will ye liken God? or
+what likeness will ye compare unto him?
+
+19 The graven image — this the artificer
+hath cast, and the goldsmith hath o^'erspread
+it with gold, and fabricated (on it) silver
+chains.
+
+20 He that is skilled in the choice'' clioos-
+eth a wood that will not rot; he seeketh unto
+himself a skilful workman to prepare a graven
+image, that shall not be moved.
+
+21 Know ye not? hear ye not? hath it not
+been told you from the beginning? have ye
+not paid attention to the foundations of the
+earth ?
+
+22 (It is he) that dwelleth above the circle
+of the earth, while its inhabitants are as
+
+i grasshoppers ; that stretched out the heavens
+as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent
+to dwell in;
+
+23 That bringeth princes to naught; ren-
+dering the judges of the earth as vanity.
+
+24 Yea, they were not yet planted; yea,
+they were not yet sown ; yea, their stem had
+not yet taken root in the earth : .when he but
+breathed upon them, and they withered, and
+the storm-wind carrieth them away as stub-
+ble.
+
+25 To whom then will ye liken me, that I
+should he equal to? saith the Holy One.
+
+26 Lift up your eyes on high, and see who
+hath created these? he that bringeth out
+their host by number; that calleth them all
+by name; from him, who is great in might,
+and strong in power, not one escapeth.'
+
+27 T[ Why wilt say thou, O Jacob, and
+
+^ Sachs and others, "nonentities;" properly, "the form-
+less, chaotic state;" but it is impossible to find a simple
+English word nearer than "vanity."
+
+'' Rashi, and it is then a continuation of the description
+of how idols are made. Others, "who is poorer in his
+gifts ;" i. e. who cannot have an idol cast, but one carved
+of wood.
+
+^ Lit. "is missed:" it means that, numerous as arc the
+stars, they all are always there to Jo God's bidding. The
+jirophct contrasts the iilols with (rod ; those are the works
+I of human hands, while lb' i> (lie iiKikci' of all.
+
+
+1' H tC UKCItSUjX <_)1^' SOLOXIOX
+
+
+ISAIAH XL. XLI.
+
+
+speak, 0 Israel, My way is hidden from the
+Lord, and my cause hath passed from the
+cognizance of my God?
+
+28 Dost thou not know? hast tliou not
+heard? The God of everhisting is the Lord, is
+the Ci'eator of the ends of the earth ; he will
+not be faint, and he will not be weary; un-
+searchable is his understanding.
+
+29 He givetli to the faint strengtli; and to
+the powerless he imparteth much might.
+
+30 Though youths should grow faint and
+be weary, and young men siiould utterly
+stumble:
+
+31 Yet they that wait upon the Lord shall
+acquire new strength, they shall" mount up
+with wings as eagles; they shall run and not
+be weary, they shall walk, and not become
+faint.
+
+CHAPTER XLI.
+
+1 Tl Keep silence'' before me, 0 islands;
+and let nations acquire new strength: let
+them approach, then let them speak, together
+let us come near to judgment.
+
+2 Who waked up from the east the man
+whom righteousness" met in his steps? he
+giveth up nations before him, and maketh
+him rule over kings; that his sword may ren-
+der them as the dust, as driven stubble, his
+bow.
+
+3 He j)ursueth them, passeth along in
+safety, by a path which*^ his feet have not
+gone over before.
+
+4 Who hath wrought and done it? he who
+called the generations from the beginning; I
+the Lord, (who am) the first, and with the
+latest I am the same.
+
+5 The isles saw it, and are afraid ; the ends
+of the earth tremble; they draw near, and
+come.
+
+G They help one another; and each one
+saith to his brother, Be strong!
+
+7 So the smith encouraged" the melter, he
+that smootheth with the hammer him that
+striketh on the anvil ; saying of the solder, It
+is good; and he fastened it with nails, that it
+should not be moved.
+
+' Others, "acquire wings."
+
+'■ Rashi, "To hear my words."
+
+' Sachs, "victory," so called because the victor has the
+power to declare himself in the right.
+
+*■ Lit. "a path (on whirli) with his feet he was used to
+corae,"
+
+3N
+
+
+8 ][ But thou, Israel, art my servant, Jacob
+whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham
+my friend;
+
+9 Thou, whom I have taken hold of from
+the ends of the earth, and called thee from
+the midst of its chiefs,*^ and said unto thee,
+Thou art my servant, I have chosen thee,
+and not cast thee away.
+
+10 Fear thou not, for I am with thee; be
+not dismayed, for I am thy God; I strengtiien
+thee, yea, I help thee, yea, I uphold thee
+with the right hand of my righteousness.*^
+
+11 Behold, ashamed and confounded shall
+be all that were incensed against thee; they
+shall be as naught and perish — the men that
+strive with thee.
+
+12 Thou wilt seek them, and shalt not
+find them, the men that contend with thee :
+they shall be as naught and as nothing, the
+men that make war against thee.
+
+13 For I the Lord thy God lay hold of thy
+right hand; (I am he) who saith unto thee.
+Fear not, I help thee!
+
+14: Tf Fear not, thou worm Jacob, \e few
+menof Israel: I myself help thee,saitb the Lord,
+and thy redeemer is the Holy One of Israel.
+
+15 Behold, I have rendered thee a thresh-
+ing instrument, sharp, new, having many
+teeth: thou shalt thresh mountains, and beat
+them small, and shalt render the hills as
+chaff.
+
+16 Thou shalt scatter them, and the wind
+shall carry them away, and the storm shall
+disperse them; but thou shalt rejoice in the
+Lord, in the Holy One of Israel shalt thou
+glorify thyself.
+
+17 ^1 The poor and the needy seek water,
+and there is none ; their tongue is dried up
+with thirst: I the Lord will answer them, I
+the God of Israel will not forsake them.
+
+18 I will open on naked mountain-peaks
+rivers, and in the midst of valleys fountains :
+I will change the wilderness into a pool of
+water, and the dry land into springs of
+water.
+
+19 1 will place in the wilderness'' the cedar,
+the acacia, and the myrtle, and the oil-tree ;
+
+" In the expectation of a battle the heathens make their
+idols, hoping aid from them, not yet recognising the power
+of God.
+
+' Sachs, "edges;" thus, "called thee fi-oni it edges."
+
+^ Sachs, "victorious right hand."
+
+'' (jrod will ultimiitely liring good nut nf evil.
+
+497
+
+
+ISAIAH XLI. XLII.
+
+
+I will set ill the desert the fir-tree," the pine
+and the box-tree together ;
+
+20 In order that they may see, and know
+and take (it to hetxrt), and comprehend to-
+gether, that the hand of the Lokd hath done
+this, and the Holy One of Israel hath cre-
+ated it.
+
+21 ][ Produce 3'our cause,'' saith the Lord:
+bring forward your strong reasons, saith the
+King of Jacob.
+
+22 Let them bring them forward and tell
+us what shall happen : the former things —
+what are they ? — tell us. that we may take it
+to heart, and know the result of them ; or let
+us hear the things that are to come.
+
+23 Tell the events that are to liappen
+hereafter, that we may know that ye are
+gods : yea, do good, or do evil, that we may
+be astonished, and see it together.
+
+24 Behold, ye are less than nothing, and
+your work less than a breath : (he that is) an
+abomination (alone) chooseth you.
+
+25 ^ I have waked up one from the north,
+and he cometh ; from the rising of the sun
+one who will call on my name : and he shall
+(over-) come princes as mortar, and as the pot-
+ter treadeth down the clay.
+
+26 Who hath told it from tlie Ijeginning,
+that we may know it? and aforetimes, that
+we may say, "It is right?" but indeed there
+is none that telleth, indeed there is none that
+letteth us hear, indeed there is none that hear-
+eth your words.
+
+27 The iirst^ (was I to say) to Zion, Be-
+hold, there they are; and to Jerusalem will I
+H'ive one that brintieth arood tidinos.
+
+28 And I ever look, and there is no man;
+and among these there is no counsellor, that,
+were I to ask them, they could answer a
+word.
+
+29 Behold, they all are naught ; their works
+are nothing: wind and vanity are their mol-
+ten images.
+
+
+" Philippsoii, "cypress, plantain, (^PlalmiKs imUca,) and
+box."
+
+^ Address to the idols.
+
+° Jonathan, "The words of consolation which the pro-
+jihets foretold from the beginning, behold, have come to
+pass, and to," &c. Kashi, "He (Cyrus) shall be the
+first for Zion; and," &c.
+
+'' Rashi, "Jacob my servant, Israel my elect." Jona-
+than, "tli(^ Mcssiaii."
+
+* !33iyn not alone means the yH(^/mc»/ which the judge
+498
+
+
+CHAPTER XLII.
+
+1 ][ Behold my servant,'' whom I will up
+hold ; my elect, in whom my soul delightcth :
+I have put my spirit upon him, that he may
+bring forth justice" to the nations.
+
+2 He sliall not cry, nor call out aloud, nor
+cause his voice to be heard in the street.
+
+3 A cracked reed will he not break, and
+a dimly burning wick*^ will he not quench :
+unto truth shall he bring forth justice.
+
+4 He shall not become fatigued and not be
+faint, till he liave established justice on the
+earth; and (till) the isles shall wait for his
+law.
+
+5 ^ Thus hath said God the Lord, he
+that created the heavens, and stretched them
+out; he that spread forth the earth, and the
+things which come out of it; he that giveth
+breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to
+those that walk thereon :
+
+6 I the Lord have called thee in^ righteous-
+ness, and will lay hold on thy hand, and will
+keep thee, and appoint thee for a covenant''
+of the people, for a light of the nations;
+
+7 To open blind eyes, to bring out from
+the dungeon the prisoner, and out of the
+prison-house those that dwell in darkness.
+
+8 I am the Everlasting One, that is my
+name; and my glory will I not give to any
+other, nor my praise to graven images.
+
+9 The former' things, behold, are come to
+pass; and new things do I announce; before
+they spring forth I let you hear of them.
+
+10 ^ Sing unto the Lord a new song, his
+praise from the end of the earth ; ye tliat go
+down to the sea, and all that fiUeth it; the
+isles, and their inhabitants.
+
+11 Let resound with song the wilderness
+and its cities, the villages which Kedar in-
+habiteth : let the inhabitants of the rocks
+sing, let them shout forth from the top of the
+mountains.
+
+
+gives, but aXio justice itself, and the laws on which it is
+founded, the ri(jht.. God's servant is to make the laws of
+justice known, and execute them truly, that no one shall
+suffer injury, even the weakest, tyiiificd by a cracked reed
+and a glimmering wick.
+
+' Lit. "flax."
+
+'■ Sachs, "for happiness."
+
+'' Aben Ezra, "to keep up the cdvcnaut with llu- peo-
+ple." Philippson, "a union of mankind."
+
+' Philippson, after Rashi, "the early annoiuiced events."
+
+
+ISAIAH XLII. XLIIT.
+
+
+12 Let theui give glory unto the Lord, and
+in the ishmds declare his praise.
+
+13 The Lord — as a mighty one will he go
+forth, like a man of war will he arouse his
+vengeance :" he will shout, yea, raise the war-
+cry; against his enemies will he show his
+strength.
+
+14 ][ I have a long time'' held my peace;
+I have been still, and refrained myself: (now)
+like a travailing woman will I cry; I will de-
+stroy and devour (all) together.
+
+15 I will lay waste mountains and hills,
+and all their herbs will I dry up; and I will
+change the rivers into islands, and pools will
+I dry up.
+
+10 And I will cause the blind to walk on
+a way that they have not known ; on paths
+that they have not known will I lead them :
+I will change darkness before them into light,
+and crooked places into plains. These are
+the things which I will do, and not leave
+them (unfultilled).
+
+17 They shall be turned back, they shall
+be greatly ashamed, that trust in graven
+images, that sa^■ to molten idols, Ye are our
+gods.
+
+IS ][ Ye deaf, hear; and ye blind, look
+up, that ye may see.
+
+19 Who is blind, but my servant? or deaf,
+as my messenger whom I send? who is blind
+as he that is perfect,'' and blind as the servant
+of the Lord ?
+
+20 Thou seest many things, but observest
+not; the ears are open, l^ut he heareth not.
+
+21 The Lord willed (to do this) for the
+sake of his righteousness; (therefore) he mag-
+nifieth the law, and maketh it honourable.
+
+22 But it is a people robbed and spoiled;
+they are all of them ensnared in holes, and
+in prison-houses are they hidden : tlie}^ are
+become for a prey, and none delivei'eth ; for a
+spoil, and none saith. Restore.
+
+23 Who among you will give ear to this?
+will heai'ken and listen, for tlie time to come?
+
+24 Who gave up Jacob for a spoil, and Is-
+rael to plunderers? was it not the Lord? he
+it is against whom we have sinned; for they
+would not walk in his ways, neither did they
+hearken unto his law.
+
+
+'Sachs, "zeal."
+
+"■ Rashi. Philippson, literally, "from the beginning."
+
+' Rashi, " who hath been punished for hi.s sins." Phi-
+
+
+25 Therelbre hath he poured out over him
+the fury of his anger, and the strength of bat-
+tle: and it blazed all round about him,'* yet
+he regarded it not; and it burnt on him, yet
+he laid it not to heart.
+
+CHAPTER XLIII.
+
+1 ^ But now thus hath said the Lord that
+created thee, 0 Jacob, and he that formed
+thee, 0 Israel, Fear not ; for I have redeemed
+thee, I have called thee by thy name; mine
+art thou.
+
+2 Whenever thou passest through the wa-
+ters, I am with thee; and through the rivers,
+— they shall not overflow thee: whenever
+thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not
+be scorched; neither shall the flame burn on
+thee.
+
+3 For I am the Lord thy God, the Holy
+One of Israel, thy Saviour; I have given
+Egypt for thy ransom, Cush and Seba in place
+of thee.
+
+4 Since thou art precious in my eyes, art
+honoura1>le, and I indeed do love thee :"^ there-
+fore will I give men in place of thee, and na-
+tions instead of thy soul.
+
+5 Fear not, for I am with thee; from the
+east will I bring th}' seed, and from the west
+will I gather thee.
+
+6 I will say to the north, Give up ; and to
+the soutli. Withhold not: bring my sons from
+afar, and my daughters from the ends of the
+earth ;
+
+7 Every one that is called by my name,
+and whom I have created for my glory ; whom
+I have formed ; yea, whom I have made.
+
+8 Bring forward the blind people that have
+eyes, and the deaf that have ears.
+
+9 Let all the nations be gathered together,
+and let the people be assembled : who among
+them can announce this? and cause us to
+hear former things? let them bring forth
+their witnesses, that they may be justified:
+or" let them hear, and say. It is truth.
+
+10 Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord,
+and my servant whom I have chosen : in order
+that ye may know and believe me, and under-
+stand, that I am he; before me there was no
+god formed, and after me there will be none.
+
+
+lippson, "the purchased," ('. c. the servant, further de-
+scribed. '' Israel.
+
+° Aben Ezra, " so that they (the witnesses) may hear," &c.
+
+499
+
+
+ISAIAH XLIII. XLIV.
+
+
+1 1 I, I am the Lord ; and beside me there
+is no saviour.
+
+12 1 myself have announced it, and I have
+saved, and I have let it be heard, and there
+was no strange (god) among you : and" ye
+ai-e my witnesses, saith the Lord, and I am
+God.
+
+13 Yea, from the (tirst) day am I he; and
+there is none that can deliver out of my
+hand : if I will work, is thei-e one that can
+hinder it?
+
+14 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, your Re-
+deemer, the Holy One of Israel, For your
+sake did I send to Babylon, and in swift ves-
+sels'' brought I them all down, and the Chal-
+deans, in the ships of their joyful song.
+
+15 I am the Lord, your Holy One, the
+Creator of Israel, your King.
+
+16 Tl Thus hath said the Lord, who maketh
+a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty
+\vaters ;
+
+17 Who bringeth forth chariot and horse,
+army and power : together shall they lie down,
+they shall not rise up again ; they are extinct,
+like a wick are they quenched.
+
+18 Remember not the former things, and
+ancient events regard no more.
+
+19 Behold, I will do a new thing; now
+shall it spring forth ; will ye not acknowledge
+it? I will even make in the wilderness a way,
+and in the desert rivers.
+
+20 The beasts tif the field shall honour me,
+the monsters and the ostriches; because I
+give waters in the wilderness, rivers in the
+desert, to give drink to my people, my
+elect;
+
+21 This people which I have formed for
+myself; my praise shall they relate.
+
+22 But on me hast thou not called, 0
+Jacob; for thou art become weary of me, 0
+Israel.
+
+23 Thou hast not brought unto me the
+lamb of thy burnt-offerings; and with thy
+sacrifices hast thou not honoured me: I have
+not troubled thee with meat-oiferings, nor
+wearied thee with frankincense.
+
+24 Thou hast not bought for me with
+
+
+" Eng. ver., "therefore ye," &c. "that I am," &e.
+
+*" Rashi, "For your sake will I send the kings of Media
+to Babylon, and bring down in ships and boats the Chal-
+deans into captivity to Media, and the Chaldeans will I
+bring down in ships in which they used to sing," /. e.
+in plcMsure trips. Abon Ezra, "and broke off all the
+
+m
+
+
+money sweet cane, and with the fat of thy
+sacrifices hast thou not satisfied me ; but thou
+hast troubled me with thy sins, thou hast
+wearied me with thy iniquities.
+
+25 I, it is I that blot out thy transgressions
+for my own sake, and thy sins I will not re-
+member.
+
+26 Put me in remembrance; let us plead
+together: relate thou, in order that thou
+mayest be justified.
+
+27 Thy'first father did sin, and they that
+plead for thee transgressed against me.
+
+28 Therefore do I profane the holy princes,
+and I give up Jacob to the curse," and Israel
+to reproaches.
+
+CHAPTER XLIV.
+
+1 T[ Yet now hear, 0 Jacob my servant ;
+and Israel, whom I have chosen :
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord thy Maker,
+and he that formed thee from the womb, who
+will help thee, Fear not, 0 my servant
+Jacob; and thou Jeshurun, whom I have
+chosen.
+
+3 For (as) I pour water upon the thirsty
+(land), and rain-droppings upon the dry
+ground : (so) will I pour my spirit over thy
+seed, and my blessing over thy offspring.
+
+4 And they shall spring up (as) among
+grass, like willows by the water-courses.
+
+5 This one will say, I Ijelong to the Lord;
+and the other will call himself by the name
+of Jacob; and the other will inscribe himself
+with his hand unto the Lord, and surname
+himself by the name of Israel.
+
+6 Tl Thus hath said the Lord, the king of
+Israel, and his Redeemer, the Lord of hosts,
+I am the first, and I am the last; and Ijeside
+me there is no god.
+
+7 And who. like me, will announce, and
+will tell it, and set it in order for me, since I
+appointed the people of ancient times ? and
+the future things, and those which are to
+happen, — let them foretell unto them.
+
+8 Have no dread, and do not despond;
+have I not long since informed thee, and have
+told it? and ye are my witnesses: Is'^ there a
+
+bars, and cast down the Chaldeans who shouteil in ships."
+Others, D'n'i3 as "fugitives;" thus, "and I will carry
+them down all as fugitives, and the Chaldeans," &c.
+° Philippson, " b.anishment." Kodak, "to slaughter."
+^ This is what G-od aniiouneed, and tu which Israel is
+the witness.
+
+
+ISAIAH XLIV.
+
+
+god beside me? jea, there is iiu loclv, wliuui 1
+know" not.
+
+9 The maimers of graven'' images are all of
+them vanity; and their costly idols cannot
+profit; and they are their own witnesses, that
+the3' see not, and know not, in order that
+they" may be ashamed.
+
+10 Who hath ibrmed a god, or cast an
+image that profiteth nothing?
+
+11 Behold, all his associates'" shall be
+ashamed, for the workmen themselves are but
+men: let them all be gathered together, let
+them stand up, they shall he terrified, they
+shall be ashamed together.
+
+12 The" iron-smith (maketh) an axe and
+worketh it in the coals, and with hannnershe
+fashioneth it, and worketh it with his power-
+ful arm ; he also, when he is hungry, loseth
+his strength: when he drinketh no water,
+he becometh faint.
+
+13 The worker in wood stretcheth out the
+rule; he marketh it out with chalk ■/ he fitteth
+it with planes,^ and he marketh it out with
+the compass, and maketh it after the figure of
+a man, alter the beauty of a child of earth,
+that it may dwell in a house.''
+
+14 He felleth for himself cedars, and taketh
+cypress and oak, and he chooseth for himself
+the strongest among the trees of the tbrest;
+he planteth an ash, and the rain causeth it to
+grow.
+
+15 Then doth it serve a man for burning;
+and he taketh thereof, and warmeth himself;
+he also heateth therewith, and baketh bread ;
+he also worketh out a god, and boweth him-
+self; he maketh of it an image, and kneeleth
+down thereto.
+
+16 The half thereof hath he burnt in fire;
+with the half thereof will he eat fiesh ; he will
+roast food, and be satisfied ; he will also warm
+himself, and say. Aha, I am warm, I have
+felt the fire:
+
+17 And the residue thereof hath he made
+
+' i. e. That all are vanity. Philippson, " yea, there is no
+rock, I know none."
+
+■^ Arnbeim, too boldly, "The idol images are all vanity
+with their costly ornaments."
+
+° " Those that serve them." — E.\shi.
+
+'' (. e. Those who assist in making the idol.
+
+° Philippson, " This one striketh on the iron with a
+beatle, and worketh, &c., — he also is hungry, till he is
+powerless, he drinketh no water, that he becometh faint;"
+and says that many heathens fasted when they made their
+idols.
+
+
+into a god. his graven image; he kneeleth
+down unto it, and boweth himself, and pray-
+eth unto it, and saith. Deliver me; for my
+god art thou.
+
+18 They know not, tliey understand nut;
+for their eyes are daubed over, that they
+cannot see; their hearts, that they cannot
+understand.
+
+19 And he layeth it not to heart, and hath
+no knowledge, no understanding, to say, The
+half thereof have I burnt in fire; and I have
+also baked upon its coals bread; I (now) will
+roast flesh, and eat it: and shall I make of its
+residue an abomination, before a block' of
+wood shall I kneel?
+
+20 He pursueth'' ashes ; a deceived heart
+hath turned him aside; and he cannot deliver
+his soul, and will not say. Is there not a lie
+in my right hand?
+
+21 ^ Remember these things, 0 Jacob;
+and Israel, for thou art my .servant : I have
+formed thee to be my servant, thou (art
+this); 0 Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten by
+me.
+
+22 I liave blotted out, as a vapour,' thy
+transgressions, and, as a cloud, thy sins:
+return unto me; for I have redeemed thee.
+
+23 Sing, 0 ye heavens; for the Lokd hatli
+done it; shout, ye lowest depths of the earth;
+break forth into singing, ye mountains, 0
+forest, and every tree therein ; for the Lord
+hath redeemed Jacob, and on Israel will he
+glorify himself
+
+24 Thus hath said the Lord, thy Redeemer,
+and he that formed thee from the womb, I
+am the Lord that hath made all things; tliat
+hath stretched forth the heavens b^^ m3 self
+alone; that hath spread abroad the earth from
+my own self;"
+
+25 That frustrate the tokens of the liars,
+and confuseth diviners; that turneth the wise
+backward, and maketh their knowledge fool-
+ish;
+
+
+' i. e. Any material to mark off the figure. Ra.shi,
+" planes."
+
+* Jonathan, " graving-tools."
+
+'■ ('. e. Temple. — Heinema.nn.
+
+' Rashi, "to rotting wood." Jonathan and Rcdnk, "a
+branch of a tree."
+
+' ?'. e. He cherisheth (leads upon pasture) vanity.
+
+' Aben Ezra, "which passeth away with sunrise."
+
+"Jonathan, "by my strength." Philippson, "without
+another," after the Xelib. But the A'trt has in fact the
+same signification, "all is from God."
+
+501
+
+
+ISAIAH XLIV. XLV.
+
+
+26 That fulfilleth the word of his servant,
+and perforraeth the counsel of his messengers;
+that saith of Jerusalem, It shall be inhabited;
+and of the cities of Judah, They shall be
+built, and their ruins will I raise up.
+
+27 That saith to the deep, Be dry, and thy
+rivers will I dry up;
+
+28 That saith of Cyrus,'' (He is) my shep-
+herd, and all my pleasure shall he perform :
+even saying of Jerusalem, It shall he built;
+and the temple's foundation shall be laid.
+
+CHAPTER XLV.
+
+1 ^ Thus hath said the Lord to his anoints
+ed, to Cyrus, whom I have taken hold of by his
+right hand, to subdue nations before him, even
+the loins of kings will I ungird, to open be-
+fore him (city-) doors,'' and gates that they
+shall not be shut;
+
+2 I myself will go before thee, and proud
+eminences will I level : doors of brass will I
+break in pieces, and bolts of iron will I cut
+asunder.
+
+3 And I will give unto thee the treasiu'es
+of darkness, and riches hidden in secret places;
+in order that thou mayest know that I am
+the Lord, who call thee by thy name, — the
+God of Israel ;
+
+4 For the sake of my servant Jacob, and Is-
+rael my elect; and I have called thee by thy
+name: I have designated" thee, though thou
+hast not known me.
+
+5 I am the Lord, and there is none else,
+beside me there is no god; I assisted'^ thee,
+though thou hast not known me.
+
+G In order that they may know from the
+rising of the sun, and from its setting, that
+there is nothing without me. I am the Lord,
+and there is no one else ;
+
+7 Forming the light, and creating dark-
+ness; making peace, and creating evil : I the
+Lord do all these things.
+
+8 ][ Drop down, ye lieavens, from above,
+and let the skies distil blessing; let the earth
+open and let them (all) be fruitful of prosper-
+
+
+* Properly, Koresli.
+
+'° P]ng. version, " two-leaved gates ;" referring to the
+particular gates of Babylon; but the word crb^ simply
+applies to all city-doors, as they are composed of two
+pieces or leaves.
+
+° i.e. By the various titles applied to him, others than
+his proper name.
+
+
+ity, and let righteousness spring up likewise:
+I the Lord have created it.
+
+9 ^ Wo unto him that contendeth with
+the one who formed \\m\ — a" potsherd among
+the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay
+say to him that fashioneth it. What makest
+thou? or*^ thy Avork, He hath no hands?
+
+10 Tl Wo unto him that saith unto (his)
+father. What begettest thou ? or to the woman,
+What bringest thou forth ?
+
+11 ]| Thus hath said the Lord, the Holy
+One of Israel, and he who hath formed hira.
+About events to come will you ask me ? con-
+cerning my sons, and concerning the work of
+my hands will ye command me ?
+
+12 (When) I myself have made the earth,
+and created man upon it; (when) I, even my
+hands, have stretched out the heavens, and I
+have ordained all their host.
+
+13 1 myself have waked him up in right-
+eousness, and all his ways Avill I make
+straight: he shall build my city, and my exiles
+shall he dismiss free, not for purchase-money
+nor for presents, saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+14 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, The labour
+of Egypt, and the merchandi.se of Ethiopia,
+and of the Sabeans, men of high stature, shall
+pass over unto thee, and thine shall they be:
+behind thee shall they walk; in chains shall
+they pass along, and unto thee shall they
+bow, unto thee shall they pray, (saying)
+Yea, only among thee is God ; and there is no
+one else beside God.
+
+15 Verily" thou art a God that hidest thy
+self, 0 God of Israel, the Saviour.
+
+16 They are a.shamed, and also confounded,
+all of them : together shall they go to confu-
+sion that are makers of idols.
+
+17 (But) Israel shall be helped by the
+Lord with an everlasting salvation : ye shall
+not be ashamed and not be confounded unto
+all eternity.
+
+18 ^[ For thus hath said the Lord the
+creator of the heavens; he, the God that
+formed the earth and made it ; he that hath
+
+
+^ Lit. "I will gird," i. e. with armour.
+
+* Or, "as one potsherd (would contend) with the pot-
+sherds of the earth."
+
+' i. e. The thing made says that the workman has no
+hands to work, lledak, " and thy work hath no strength ;"
+"hand," metaphorical for strength, "endurance."
+
+8 Rashi regards this as the continuation of v. 15.
+
+
+TSAIAH XLV. XLVI. XLVIT.
+
+
+estiil»lislie(1 it, — not for naught did he create
+it, to 1)0 inliabited did he form it: I am the
+Lord; and tliere is no one else.
+
+19 Not on a secret spot have I spoken, in
+a dark phice of the earth ;" I said not unto
+the seed of Jacol>, Seek ye me for naught;
+(liut) I the Lord speak rigliteousness, I decLare
+tilings that are right.
+
+20 Assemble yourselves and come; draw
+near together, ye escaped fugitives of the na-
+tions! They have no knowledge that carry
+the wood of their graven image, and pray
+unto a god that cannot save.
+
+21 Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let
+them take counsel together: Who hath an-
+nounced this in ancient times? told it fi'om
+the beginning? is it*" not I the Lord? and
+there is no other god without me, a just
+god and a saviour; there is none beside me.
+
+22 Turn unto me, so that ye may be helped,
+all ye ends of the earth ; for I am God, and
+there is no one else.
+
+23 By myself have I sworn, righteousness
+is gone out of my mouth, a word (which)
+shall not return, That unto me every knee
+shall bend, every tongue shall swear.
+
+24 Only in the Lord," — shall men say of
+me, — there are righteousness and strength.
+Unto him shall come and be ashamed all
+that are incensed against him.
+
+25 In the Lord shall be justified, and
+shall glory themselves all the seed of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XLVI.
+
+1 Bel is bowed down, Nebo sinketh, their
+idols are (delivered) unto the beasts, and unto
+the cattle; those which were once carried by
+you are now laden u^:** a burden to the weary
+beasts.
+
+2 They are sunk, they are bowed down
+together; they could not deliver the burden,
+but they themselves are gone into captivity.
+
+3 ^i Hearken unto me, 0 house of Jacob,
+and all the remnant of the house of Israel,
+who are borne" (by me) from their birth, who
+are carried from the womb;
+
+' Sacbs, "in a place of a dark country."
+
+'' After Jonathan. But the punctuation would require
+us to render it thus: " Behold, I am the Lord, and there
+is no other god without me," &c.
+
+' After Redak, and is then what God says of himself.
+Aben Ezra, " Only from the Lord who hath said it me,
+are the righteousness and strength " Ras^hi takes it as
+
+
+4 And even unto old age'^ I am the same;
+and even unto the time of hoary hairs will 1
+bear: I have done it, and I will carry (you);
+even I will bear, and deliver you.
+
+5 ^ To whom will ye liken and assimilate
+me, and compare me, that we may be like ?
+
+6 (There are those) that lavish gold out of
+the bag, and weigh silver in tlie balance ;
+that hire a melter, that he may make of it a
+god; they (then) bend the knee, yea, they
+bow themselves down ;
+
+7 They carry him, upon the shoulder they
+bear him, and set up him in his spot, and he
+remaineth standing, from his place he doth
+not move : yea, though one should cry unto
+him, he cannot answer, out of his trouble he
+cannot help him.
+
+8 T[ Eemember this, and take courage:
+take it again to heart, 0 ye transgressors.
+
+9 Remember the former things of olden
+times ; for I am God, and there is no one else ;
+I am God, and there is nothing like me;
+
+10 Declarino; from the beoinnino; the end,
+and from the earliest days the things that
+have not yet been done, saying, My counsel
+shall stand firm, and all my pleasure will I
+do;
+
+11 Calling from the east the eagle, from
+a far-ofi' country the man of my counsel;
+yea, I have spoken it, I will also bring it
+to pass ; I have purposed it, I will also exe-
+cute it.
+
+12 Tl Hearken unto me, ye stout of heart,
+that are far from righteousness :
+
+13 1 have brought near my righteousness ;
+it shall not be flir oft', and my salvation shall
+not tarry: and I will grant unto Zion salva-
+tion, unto Israel my glory.
+
+CHAPTER XLVII.
+
+1 Come down, and sit in the dust, 0 virgin
+daughter of Babylon ; sit on the ground, there
+is no throne, 0 daughter of the Chaldeans; for
+men shall nevermore call thee. Tender and
+delicate.
+
+2 Take the mill, and grind meal : uncover
+
+the speech of Israel : "Only in the Lord have I been pro-
+mised righteousness," &c. Sachs, "Only with the Lord,
+so said he to me, (the prophet,) is," &c.
+
+^ I. e. To be carried away.
+
+' Lit. " laden," figurative, as though God had loaded
+himself with Israel to carry them away in safety.
+
+' /. c. Of Israel.
+
+503
+
+
+iSAlAH XLVII. XLVIir.
+
+
+thy locks, lift up the train, uncover the
+thigh, pass over the rivers.
+
+3 Tiiy naliedness shall he uncovered, yea,
+thy shame shall be seen : I will take ven-
+geance, and I will not regard any man.
+
+4 ^ Our redeemer — the Lord of hosts is
+his name, the Holy One of Israel.
+
+5 Sit thou silent, and enter into darkness,
+
+0 daughter of the Chaldeans; for men shall
+never more coll thee, The mistress of king-
+doms.
+
+6 I was wroth over my people, I defiled
+my inheritance, and gave them into thy hand :
+(yet) thou didst grant them no mercy ; upon
+the aged hast thou laid very heavily thy yoke.
+
+7 And thou saidst, For ever shall I be mis-
+tress; until that thou didst not lay these
+things to thy heart, thou didst not call to
+mind the result thereof.
+
+8 |[ And now hear this, luxurious one,
+that dwellest in security, that sayest in thy
+heart, I am, and there is nothing else beside
+me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall
+
+1 know the loss of children :
+
+9 Yet both these things shall come to thee
+in a moment in one day, the loss of children,
+and widowhood ; in their full measure shall
+they come upon thee, despite of the multitude
+of thy sorceries, despite of the very great
+abundance of thy enchantments.
+
+10 And thou didst trust" in thy wicked-
+ness: thou saidst, No one seeth me. Thy
+wisdom and thy knowledge, — these were the}'
+that seduced thee; and thou saidst in thy
+heart, I am, and there is nothing else beside
+me.
+
+11 And there shall come upon thee an
+evil, which thou shalt not know how to re-
+move it by 2:)rayer;'' and there shall fall
+upon thee mischief, which thou shalt not be
+able to atone for; and there shall come upon
+thee suddenly desolation, wliich thou shalt
+not know.
+
+12 Stand now with thy enchantments, and
+with the multitude of thy sorceries, wherein
+thou hast laljoured from tliy youth; perad-
+venture thou mayest be able to iirofit, perad-
+venture thou mayest withstand.
+
+13 Thou art wearied with the multitude
+
+
+* Sachs and others, " Thou deemedst thyself secure," &c.
+''Jonathan and Rashi. Redak, "the dawning of
+which," &c.
+
+" i. e. Family; literally, "waters."
+504
+
+
+of thy counsels. Do let now those that divide
+off the heavens, that look at the stars, that
+announce (coming) events at new moons,
+stand up, and save thee from the things that
+are to come over thee.
+
+14 Behold, they are become as stubble;
+the fire burnetii them; they shall not deliver
+themselves from the power of the flame : not
+a coal shall be left to warm at, no blaze to
+sit before it.
+
+15 Thus are they become unto thee with
+whom thou hast laboured; those that had
+commerce with thee from thy youth, wander
+away every one on his road : there is no one
+to save thee.
+
+CHAPTER XLVIII.
+
+1 ^ Hear ye this, 0 house of Jacob, who
+are called by the name of Israel, and are
+come forth out of the sirring" of Judah, who
+swear by the name of the Lord, and malce
+mention of the God of Israel, — not in truth,
+nor in righteousness.
+
+2 For of the holy city they call themselves,
+and upon the God of Israel they stay them-
+selves,— The Lord of hosts is his name.
+
+3 ^ The former things have I declared
+from the beginning; and out of my ntouth
+went they forth, and I announced them : sud-
+denly did I accomplish them, and they came
+to pass;
+
+4 Because I knew that thou art obstinate,
+that like an iron sinew is thy neck, .and thy
+brow of copper ;
+
+5 And I declared it to thee from the begin-
+ning; before yet it came to pass did I let thee
+hear it: lest thou shouldst say, My idol hath
+done these things, and my graven image, and
+my molten image, have ordained them.
+
+6 Thou hast heard it; see it all now; and
+you — will you not declare it? I caused thee
+to hear new things, from this time, even hid-
+den things which thou hadst not known.
+
+7 Now are they created, and not from the
+beginning; and* before the day (that I an-
+nounced them) thou lieardest them not; lest
+thou shouldest say, Behold, I knew them.
+
+8 But neither hadst thou heard it; nor didst
+thou know; nor had in ancient times thy ear
+
+^ Rcdak. Rashi, "and before the day that it occurred
+I caused thco to hear them, and thou hcardest not till
+to-day." The prophet, however, means to show that God
+announces and accomplishes his will.
+
+
+iSAlAlI XLVIII XT.IX.
+
+
+been opened; for I knew that tliou wouklst
+deal very treaclieroui>ly, and a transgressor
+wast thou called from thy birth.
+
+9 For the sake of my name will I defer
+my anger, and because of my praise will I re-
+strain it toward thee, so that I may not cut
+thee off.
+
+10 Behold. I have refined thee, though not
+into" silver: I have approved thee in the
+crucible of aftliction.
+
+11 For my own sake, for my own sake,
+will I do it: for how would(my name) be dis-
+lionoured? and my glory will T not give unto
+an other.
+
+12 ^ Hearken unto me, 0 Jacob, and Is-
+rael, my called one; I am he; I am tlie first,
+I also am the last.
+
+13 My hand also hath laid the foundation
+of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned
+out the heavens: I call unto them, they stand
+forward"" together.
+
+14 Assemble yourselves, all of you, and
+hear: Who among them hath told these
+things? He whom the Lord loveth, will do
+his pleasure on Babylon, and (display) his
+arm (on) the Chaldeans.
+
+15 I, even I, have spoken it, I have also
+called him: I have brought him, and he shall
+be prosperous on his way.
+
+IG Come ye near unto me, hear ye this;
+never from the beginning have I spoken in
+secret; from the time that it occurred, was I
+there. And now'' the Lord Eternal hath sent
+me, and his Spirit.''
+
+17 ][ Thus hath said the Lord, thy Ke-
+deemer, the Holy One of Israel, I am the
+Lord thy God who teach thee for thy profit,
+who lead thee by the way thou shouldest go.
+
+18 Oh that thou hadst but listened to my
+connnandments! then would have l)een as a
+river thy peace, and thy prosperity as the
+waves of the sea :
+
+19 And then would have been as the sand
+thy seed, and the offspring of thy body like
+
+* Sachs, after Geseniiis; and means, that as yet the
+punishment had not produced a people pure as fine silver,
+llashi and Aben Ezra would translate, "but not in the
+silver crucible," i. e. to remove all the dross, or the
+wicked.
+
+'' After Aben Ezra; /. e. they stand ready to do God's
+bidding as his servants.
+
+" The prophet's own words; meaning, all the Lord now
+announces through him as coming, is as certain as those
+things which have occurred already — the present mes-
+30
+
+
+the iielijjles" of the sea-slioi'e; yet .shall his
+name*^ not be cut ofl" nor destroyed from be-
+fore me.
+
+20 ^ Go forth out of Bab3lon, flee away
+from the Chalde;ins. with the voice of singing
+declare, announce this, carry it forth as far
+as the end of the earth; say. The Lord hath
+redeemed his servant Jacob.
+
+21 And thev thirsted not when he led
+them through the deserts; waters out of the
+rock he let drop down for them : and he
+cleaved the rock, and the waters gushed out.
+
+22 There is no peace, saith the Lord, unto
+the wicked.
+
+CHAPTER XLIX.
+
+1 ^ Hearken, 0 isles, unto me; and listen,
+ye people, from afar: The Lord hath called
+me- fi'om my birth ; from my mother's womb
+hath he made mention of my name.
+
+2 And he hath rendered my mouth like a
+sharp sword; in the shadow of his hand hath
+he hidden me: and he hath rendered me as a
+25olished arrow; in his quiver hatli he con-
+cealed me;
+
+3 And said unto me. My servant art thou,
+
+0 Israel, thou on whom I will be glorified.
+
+4 But I had indeed said, For no purpose
+have I laboured, for naught and vanity have
+
+1 spent my strength; yet surely my cause is
+with the Lord, and the recompense of my
+work with my God.
+
+5 Tl And now hath said the Lord that
+foi'med me from the womb to be his servant,
+to bring Jacob again to him, that Israel may
+be gathered unto liim, that I should be ho-
+noured in the eyes of the Lord, while my God
+was my strength, —
+
+6 And he said. It is too light a thing that
+thou shouldst be my servant to raise up the
+tribes of Jacob, and to bring back the pre-
+served of Israel ! but I will (also) appoint
+thee for a light to the nations, that my salva-
+tion may reach as far as the end of the earth.
+
+sage of the humbling of Babylon and the return of the
+Israelites being certain to come. (Compare with Num.
+xvi, .30.)
+
+" FTeincmann, "with his spirit," !. c. laid upon him his
+holy inspiration.
+
+" Jonathan. Rashi, " the is.sue of the sea," i. e. the
+fishes.
+
+' That of the seed of Jacob.
+
+* Some apply this address to Isaiah, but Philippson to
+the people of Israel.
+
+505
+
+
+ISAIAH XLTX. t.
+
+
+7 T[ Tims hath said the Lord, the Ee-
+deemer of Israel, his Holy One, to him who
+is despised" by men, to him who is abhorred
+by nations, to the servant of rulers, Kings
+shall see it and rise up, princes, and they
+shall j^rostrate themselves, for the sake of the
+Lord who is faitliful, the Holy One of Israel,
+who hath made choice of thee.
+
+8 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, In the time
+of favour liave I answered thee, and on the
+day of salvation have I helped thee; and I
+will preserve thee, and I will appoint thee as
+a people of my covenant'' to raise up the land,
+to divide out desolate heritages ;
+
+9 When I say" to the pi'isoners, Go forth;
+to those that are in darkness, Show youi'-
+selves. On the roads shall tliey feed, and on
+all mountain-peaks shall be their pasture.
+
+10 They shall not be hungry nor thirsty,
+and neither heat' nor sun shall smite them ;
+for he that hath mercy on them will lead
+them, and by springs of water will he guide
+them.
+
+11 And I will change all my mountains in-
+to a road, and my highways shall be lifted up.
+
+12 Behold, these shall come from afar; and,
+lo, these from the north and from the west;
+and these from the land of Sinim.
+
+13 Sing, 0 heavens ; and be joyful, 0 earth;
+and break forth, 0 mountains, into song; for
+the Lord hath comforted his people, and upon
+his oppres.sed" will he have mercy.
+
+14 T[ Yet Zion said, The Eternal hath for-
+salcen me, and the Lord hath forgotten me.
+
+15 Can a woman*^ forget her sucking child,
+not to have mercy on the son of her body ?
+yea, should these even forget, yet would I not
+forget thee.
+
+16 Behold, upon the palms of my hands
+have I engraved thee; thy walls are continu-
+ally before me.
+
+17 Thy children come in haste; thy de-
+stroyers and they tliat laid thee waste shall go
+away from thee.
+
+18 Lift up thy eyes round about, and see;
+they all are assembled together, they come to
+thee : as I live, saitli the Lord, thou shalt
+surely clothe thyself with them all, as with
+
+
+' Lit. "despised in soul." Jonathan, "despised be-
+tween the naticin.s."
+
+'' Rashi. Lit. " for a covenant of the people."
+
+■■ Rashi.
+
+' Philippsnn, '' mirage."
+
+
+an ornament, and bind them on thee, as a
+bride.
+
+19 For thy ruins and thy desolate places,
+and thy wasted land, — ^yea, now shall it be
+too narrow for thee by reason of the inhabit-
+ants, and thy destroyers shall be far away.
+
+20 Yet again will say before thy ears the
+children of whom thou wast deprived, The
+place is too narrow for me; make room for
+me that I may dwell.
+
+21 And thou wilt say in thy heart. Who
+hath I)orn me these, seeing I was bereft of
+my children, and was solitary, an exile, and
+outcast? and who hath brought up these? Be-
+hold, I was left entirely alone; the.se, where
+have they been ?
+
+22 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Behold, I will lift up to the nations my hand,
+and to the people will I raise up high my
+standard; and they shall bring thy sons in
+(their) arms,*^ and thy daughters shall be car-
+ried upon shoulders.
+
+23 And kings shall be thy nursing-fathers,
+and their princesses thy nursing-mothers ;
+with the fiice toward the earth shall they bow
+down to thee, and the dust of thy feet shall
+they lick up : and thou shalt know that I am
+the Lord, who will not sutler those who hope
+in me to be made ashamed.
+
+24 iy Shall the prey be taken from the
+mighty, or shall the captive of the victor es-
+cape ?
+
+25 For thus hath said the Lord, Also the
+captive of the mighty shall be taken away,
+and the prey of the powerful shall escape;
+and with those who contend against thee
+will I contend, and thy children will I indeed
+save.
+
+26 And I will feed thy oppressors with
+their own flesh ; and as with new wine shall
+they be made drunken with their own blood:
+and all flesh shall know that I the Eternal
+am thy Saviour, and thy Redeemer the
+Mighty One of Jacob.
+
+CHAPTER L.
+
+1 ][ Thus hath said the Lord, Where is
+your mother's bill of divorcement, wherewith"*
+
+' Sachs, "his poor."
+
+' The singular stands for the class, "all woman;" hence
+the plural in the next sentence.
+
+* Jonathan, yyn^ "in covered wagons."
+
+'' .\ rnheim, after Jonathan. Others, " whom I have," &o
+
+
+tSAlAil L. LT.
+
+
+t have sent lier away? or who of my creditors
+is it to whom I have sold you? behold, for
+your iniquities were ye sold, and for your
+transgressions was your mother sent away.
+
+2 Why did I come and no man was there,
+did I call, with none to answer? hath my hand
+become too short for redeeming? or is there
+no power in me to deliver? behold, through
+my threatening I can dry up the sea, I can
+change the rivers into a wilderness: their fish
+stink for want of water, and die for thirst.
+
+3 I can clothe the heavens with blackness,
+and I can make sackcloth their garment.
+
+4 ][ The Lord Eternal hath given me a
+tongue for teaching," that I should know how
+to strengthen the weary with the word: he
+wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth
+my ear to listen like those who are well
+taught.
+
+T) The Lord Eternal hath opened me mj^ear,
+and I resisted not: I turned not backward.
+
+C) My back I gave up to the smitors, and
+my cheeks to those that plucked off the hair:
+my ftxce I hid not from abuse and spitting.
+
+7 But the Lord Eternal ever helpeth me;
+therefore was I not confounded; therefore
+have I rendered my face like a flint, and I
+knew that I should not be made ashamed.
+
+8 He that justifieth me is near; who will
+contend with me? let us stand forward toge-
+ther: who hath a dispute'' with me? let him
+come near to me.
+
+9 Behold, the Lord Eternal will help me;
+who is the man that will condemn me ? lo,
+they all shall wear out as a garment: the
+moth shall eat them up.
+
+10 *\\ Who is among you that feareth the
+Lord, that harkeneth to the voice of his ser-
+vant? though he have walked in darkness,
+and had no light : let him trust in the name of
+the Lord, and lean for support upon his God.
+
+11 Behold, all ye that kindle fire, that
+urge" on the brands : walk by the blaze of your
+fire, and by the brands ye have kindled; from
+my hand hath this been bestowed on you; in
+pain shall ye lie down.
+
+" Rashi ; but Redak, " a tongue of tbe practised," i. e.
+those who have been weil trained. Pbilippson, "disci-
+ples;" and so at the end, "to understand like disciples."
+
+'' Lit. " tbe master of my cause."
+
+" Lit. "gird," i. e. "arm," or " urge," in this connec-
+tion.
+
+^ Pbilippson, "how I called bim, the one."
+
+
+CHAPTER LL
+
+
+1 ][ Hearken to me, ye tliat pursue rights
+eousness, that seek the Lord: look unto the
+rock whence ye were hewn, and to the hole
+of the pit whence ye were dug up.
+
+2 Look unto Abraham your father, and
+unto Sarah that bore you; lljr'' he was one
+when I called him, and I blessed him, and I
+increased him.
+
+3 Yea, the Lord hath" comforted Zion ; he
+hath comforted all her ruins; and he hath
+made her wilderness like Eden, and her desert
+like the garden of the Lord: gladness and joy
+shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the
+voice of song.
+
+4 ^ Listen unto me, my people ; and 0 my
+nation, give ear unto me; for a law shall pro-
+ceed from me, and my justice will I establish
+as a light of the people.
+
+5 My righteousness is near ; my salvation
+goeth forth, and my arms shall judge the
+people : on me the isles shall wait, and for
+my arm shall they hope.
+
+6 Lift up 3'our eyes to the heavens, and
+look upon the earth beneath ; for the heavens
+shall vanish away like smoke, and tlie earth
+shall wear out like a garment, and they that
+dwell thereon shall die in like manner; but
+my salvation shall exist for ever, and my
+righteousness sliall not be delayed.*^
+
+7 ]f Hearken unto me, ye that know right-
+eousness, 0 people in whose heart my law is:
+ye must not fear the reproach of men, and of
+their revilings shall ye not be in dread.
+
+8 For like agarment shall the moth eat them
+up, and like wool shall the worm eat them ; but
+my righteousness shall exist for ever, and my
+salvation from generation to generation.
+
+9 ][ Awake, awake, put on strength, 0
+arm of the Lord: awake, as in the ancient
+days, in the generations of olden times. Art
+thou not it that struck down Rahab,^ that
+pierced the crocodile?
+
+10 Art thou not it that dried up the sea,
+the waters of the great deep; that rendered
+
+° The propbetic past, representing tbe future as already
+come.
+
+'Jonathan. Redak, "broken."
+
+' Allegorical term for "Egypt." Tbe crocodile, as ren-
+dered by Pbilippson, or "dragon," by others, denotes
+Pharaob, who is frequently so called by the prophets.
+Tbe word ;'jn is difficult to translate with an equivalent in
+
+o07
+
+
+IS AT All LI. til.
+
+
+tlie depths of the sea a road for the redeemed '
+to pass through?
+
+11 And (so) shall the ransomed of the
+Lord return, and come to Zion with song,
+with everlasting joy upon their head; glad-
+ness and joy shall they obtain, while sorrow
+and sighing shall have tied away.
+
+12 ^ I, I am he that comforteth you : who
+art thou^ that thou shouldst be afraid of a
+mortal that must die, and of a son of man
+who will wither as the grass?
+
+13 And thou forgettest the Lord, thy
+Maker, who hath spread out the heavens, and
+laid the foundations of the earth; and thou
+dreadest continually, all the day, because of
+the fury of the oppressor, whenever he aimeth
+to destroy : and where is (now) the fury of
+the oppressor?
+
+14 The exile will be speedily set free; and
+he shall not die in the dungeon, and his
+bread shall not fail.
+
+15 For I am the Lord thy God, who stir-
+reth" up the sea that its waves roar: the Lord
+of hosts is his name.
+
+IG And I have placed my words in thy
+mouth, and with the shadow of my hand
+have I covered thee: to plant'' the heavens,
+and to lay the foundations of the earth, and
+to say to Zion, Thou art my people.
+
+17 Tl Rouse up, rouse up. arise, 0 Jerusa-
+lem, thou who hast drunk from the hand of
+the Lord the cup of his fury: the deep' cup of
+confusion hast thou drunk, hast thou drained.
+
+IS There is none to lead her, from all
+tlie children whom she hath born; and there
+is none that taketh her liy the hand, from
+all the children whom she hath brought up.
+
+19 Two things are these which have befall-
+en thee: who will have compassion for thee?
+desolation and destruction, and famine and
+the sword — with whom shall I comfort thee?
+
+20 Thy children have fainted, they lie at
+the entrance of all streets, as a wild bull
+caught in a net, (they are those) who are full
+
+otber languages. In Gen. i. 21, it evidently means simply
+"the large marine anim<als;" in Exod. vii. 10, it is
+equally clear that it ilenntes "serpent;" the general term
+"monster," something large, frightful, and unusual, would
+best express it; and the context must then determine
+what sort of a creature is likely the subject of the dis-
+course.
+
+" Jonathan, " who assuagefh the sea when its waves
+roar." The ditBculty is in the word yil, to which opposite
+meanings arc attached.
+WJ8
+
+
+of the fury of the Lord, the threatening of thy
+God.
+
+21 Therefore hear now this, 0 thou afflict-
+ed, and drunken, but not with wine.
+
+22 ^ Thus hath said thy Lord, the Eter-
+nal, and thy God, who will ever plead for
+his jjeople. Behold, I have taken out of thy
+hand the cup of confusion, the deep cup of
+my fury: thou shalt never more drink it
+again.
+
+23 And I will place it in the hand of those
+who have tortured thee, that have said to thy
+soul. Bend thee down, that we may pass over;
+and thou madest like the earth thy back, and
+like the street for those that passed over.
+
+CHAPTER LIL
+
+1 ^ Awake, awake, put on thy strength,''
+0 Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, 0
+Jerusalem, thou holy city; for no more shall
+enter into thee henceforth the uncircumcised
+and the unclean.
+
+2 Shake thyself free from the dust, arise,"
+sit down, 0 Jerusalem: loosen thyself from
+the bands of thy neck, 0 captive, daughter
+of Zion.
+
+3 ][ For thus hath said the Lord, For
+naught were you sold, and without silver
+shall ye be redeemed.
+
+4 ^ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Into Egypt went my people down aforetimes,
+to sojourn there, and Asshur hath oppressed
+it without cause.
+
+5 And now what have I here, saitli the
+Lord, since my people hath been taken away
+for nauglit? its rulers vaunt aloud, saith the
+Lord, and continually, all the day, is my
+name blasphemed.
+
+6 Therefore shall my people know my
+name, therefore — on that day, that I am he
+that speaketli it: here am I.
+
+7 ^ How beautiful are upon the mountains
+the feet of the messenger of good tidings, that
+publisheth peace, that announceth tidings of
+
+^ The commentators say that this refers to the preserva-
+tion of Israel, as important as the creation, and the gather-
+ing of the captives.
+
+"Jonathan. But Rashi, "the dregs of the cup." r\;'3p
+is given by Sachs with "arched cup."
+
+"^ Sachs, "(decoration of) victory."
+
+•^ Sachs, "sit erect;" but the verse simply says that
+the captives who formerly lay bound in the dust shall
+spring up from the earth and sit on a .seat of ease, like
+other freemen.
+
+
+ISAIAH LII. LIII.
+
+
+hiippiness, that publisheth salvation, that
+saith unto Zion, Thy God reignoth.
+
+8 Tlie voice of thy watchmen, — they raise
+their voice, together shall they shout; for eye
+to eye shall they see, when the Lord return-
+eth unto Zion.
+
+0 Break forth (in song), shout together, ye
+ruins of Jerusalem.; for the Lord hath com-
+forted his people, he hath redeemed Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+10 The Lord hath made bare his holy arm
+befoi'e the eyes of all the nations ; and all the
+ends of the earth shall see the salvation of
+our God.
+
+11 ][ Depart ye, depart ye, go out from
+there, touch no unclean thing; go ye out
+from the midst of it; cleanse yourselves, ye
+bearers of the vessels of the Lord.
+
+12 For not in haste shall ye go out, and not
+in tlight shall ye go; for before you goeth the
+Lord, and your rereward is the God of Israel.
+
+13 ^ Behold, my servant" shall be pros-
+perous, he shall be exalted and extolled, and
+be placed very high.
+
+* Rashi, explains "my servant," " Behold, at the end of
+days will my servant Jacob, the righteous among him, he
+prosperous." Dr. Piiilippson heads this section, "the
+sufferings of Israel conduce to the happiness of the na-
+tions;" and after reviewing the preceding prophecies, he
+says, "But if the prophet contrasts in chap. xlix. 7, in
+general terms, the despised state of Israel with their future
+greatness, he takes a deeper view of the subject in the
+speech now before us, (to the end of liii.,) as he declares
+t/iK pr(Si')il dfyradalion of hrael to he NECESS.\RY /<;;• tJie
+aa:omjtUshminl of their mission ; bixausr the exaltation of
+this ilejiressedy llie ijlorious iipi'isiriij of this despiseJ people
+uu'll prove so elearhj, so snrprisiiii/i^ to the other nations
+the siivin(j power of the sole God, vlioin the Israelites adore,
+that th( u will hceome eonverted to this onli/ One. The
+prophet goes, therefore, a step fJirther, in declaring the
+sufferings of Israel, in general terms, as borne by Israel
+merely as the means of happiness for the nations, in order
+to bring these out of their sinful idolatry to the pure ac-
+knowledgment of God. They are become the martyrs of
+the acknowledgment of the O.ne, and by their exaltation
+the nations will be directed with the strensth of convic-
+tion to the sole and only God. This view of the prophet
+is truly sublime; he stands here on the summit of the
+whole history of the world, since he thus recognises and
+pursues the universal tendency of all the histm-y of the
+families of man. The doubts, therefore, which Jewish
+commentators (Redak and Abarbanel) have raised here,
+that this procedure would bo opposed to the justice of
+God, which must allow every one to bear the punishment
+of what he himself has committed, can only be applied to
+individuals, while the prophet had in view the whole de-
+velopment of mankind. The prophet now expresses this
+idea in the following manner : — .\t fir.-^t he speaks of the
+future greatness of Israel (Hi. 13), which shall be as great
+
+
+14 Just as numy were astonished at thee,
+so greatly was his countenance marred more
+than any (other) man's, and his form more
+than (that of) the sons of men, —
+
+15 Thus will he cause many nations to
+jump'' up in (astonishment) ; at him will
+kings shut their mouth; for what had not
+been told unto them shall they see, and
+what they had never heard shall they
+understand.
+
+CHAPTER LIII.
+
+1 Who would have believed our" report?
+and the arm of the Lord — over whom hath it
+been revealed?
+
+2 Yea, he grew up like a small shoot be-
+fore him, and as a root out of a dry land : he
+had no form nor comeliness, so that we should
+look at him; and no countenance, so that we
+should desire him.
+
+3 He** was despised and shunned l)y men ;
+a man of pains, and accpiainted with disease;
+and as one'' who hid his face from us was he
+despised, and we esteemed him not.
+
+as the Israelites are at present depressed (14). At this
+the nations and kings will be astonished to the utmost
+(15), and they will call to mind the entire state of de-
+gradation under which the Israelites have suffered, when
+seeing that it is preei-sely this people which have been re-
+deemed and raised so high by the sole God (liii. 1—3).
+But they will thence acknowledge that Israel had to
+bear this hard fate solely for their (the nations') redemp-
+tion out of their sinful state (4-6), so that Israel, through
+the patience which they exhibit notwithstanding all their
+sufferings, since they never departed from the only God,
+shall be placed on a yet higher eminence (7-9). There-
+fore will Israel be the more greatly exalted and rendered
+happy by God, and the will of the Most High will be ac-
+complished through them (10-12)." This view is gene-
+rally shared by the best commentators, and is perfectly
+reconcilable to the whole context and the separate expres-
+sions employed.
+
+'' Jonathan, "scatter." Rashi follows the same view.
+Redak, "he will cause to speak." Heinemann, "will set
+in motion." Sachs, "astonish." We have followed Phi-
+lippson, who explains it to mean the .sudden effect of un-
+expected news. This is farther exemplified by the first
+verse of the next chapter.
+
+° Rashi, "So will the nations say one to the other.
+Had we heard from the mouth of others what we see our-
+selves, it would have been incredible; and on whom was
+such a power and majesty of the Lord revealed till now?"
+But Philippson, "it appears incredible that God should
+do so much for so small a people."
+
+'' Rashi, "This is the method of the prophet, to speak
+of all Israel as one man, as above, 'Fear not, my servant
+Jacob,' (xliv. 2, and ibid. 21)."
+
+' Rashi, " On account of their great .shame and lowness
+they were as those who hide their faees from us with the
+
+
+ISAIAH LIII. LIV.
+
+
+4 But only our' diseases did he bear him-
+self, and our pains he carried: while we in-
+deed esteemed him stricken, smitten of God,
+and afflicted.
+
+5 Yet he was wounded for'' our transgres-
+sions, he was bruised for our iniquities : the
+chastisement for our peace was upon him;
+and through his bruises was healing granted
+to us.
+
+6 We all like sheep'" went astray; every
+one to his own way did we turn; and the
+Lord let befalP him the guilt of us all.
+
+7 He was oppressed, and he was also
+taunted," yet he opened not his mouth; like
+the lamb which is led to the slaughter, and
+like a ewe before her shearer's is dumb; and
+he opened not his mouth.
+
+8 Through oppression and through judicial
+punishment was he taken away;' but his
+genei'ation — who could tell, that he was cut
+away out of the land of life, (that) for the
+transgressions of my people the plague^ was
+laid on him?
+
+9 And he let his grave'' be made with the
+wicked, and with the (godless)' rich at his
+death ; although he had done no violence, and
+there was no deceit in his mouth.
+
+10 But the Lord was pleased to crush him
+
+ntmust care, that we should uot see them, like a leprous
+man, who hides his face and is afraid to look about."
+Philippson agrees with this, and refers to the laws of the
+leper, (Lev. xiii. 15,) who, with torn garments and long
+hair, wrapt up to his chin, called out, " Unclean, unclean,"
+and had to live secluded without the city. Who knows
+uot of the Ghetto — the Jewish gaberdine — the execration
+of Mahomedans and Nazarenes?
+
+' Rashi, " Bat now we see that it was not for his low-
+ness that evil befell him; but he was afflicted with pains
+that all the nations might find atonement through the
+pains of Israel; while wo (the Gentiles) thought him
+hated of God."
+
+'' Others, "through means of"
+
+" Philippson, "like sheep without a shepherd; but now
+Israel has brought law and justice."
+
+'' Rashi, " And the Lord forgave for his prayer the
+iniquity of us all." Ho alsn Jonathan, "And it was the
+will of God to forgive the guilt of us all for his sake."
+;"J3n in the sense of prayer; so also in verse 12. Others
+take it in the sense of mceling, thus, "he let him be met
+by the guilt of us all."
+
+° Rashi. But Sachs, "ho was resigned." n:;?: in the
+sense of hnml/iutivn. (Exod. x. .3).
+
+' Rashi and Redak render, "He shall be taken out of
+;hc ca]itivity and the painful judgments inflicted on him,"
+kc. mh Rashi explains " to the righteous among them ;"
+but the prophets often u.se the singular and plural to-
+gether, if the subject be comjiosi'd of niany individuals.
+010
+
+
+through disease : when (now) his soul hath
+brought the trespass-offering,'' then shall he
+see (his) seed, live many days, and the plea-
+sure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.
+
+11 (Freed)' from the trouble of his soul
+shall he see (the good) and be satisfied :
+through his knowledge shall my righteous
+servant bring the many to righteousness,
+while he will bear their iniquities.
+
+12 Therefore will I divide him (a portion)
+with the many, and with the strong shall he
+divide the spoil; because he poured out his
+soul unto death, and with transgressors was
+he numbered : while he bore the sin of many,
+and for the transgressors he let (evil)"" befall
+him.
+
+CHAPTER LIV.
+
+1 ^ Sing, 0 barren one, thou that hast not
+born ; break forth into song, and rejoice aloud,
+thou that hast not travailed; for more are the
+children of the desolate than the children of
+the married Avife, saith the Lord.
+
+2 Enlarge the space of thy tent, and Jet
+them stretch forth the curtains of thy habita-
+tions,— spare not : lengthen thy cord.s, and
+strengthen thy stakes ;°
+
+3 For to the right and to the left shalt
+
+^ Sachs, "the punishment which (was due) to them,"
+('. f. the Gentile nation, here called "my people."
+
+*■ Rashi, "He delivered himself to be buried in any
+manner the wicked of the nations might decree." (It must
+be borne in mind, how unich the Israelites valued the
+rite of burial. Geu.xxiii. 11 ; xlvii. .30,&c.) " At the op-
+tion of the wicked he was willing thus to be buried, and
+not deny the living God ; and at the option of the ruler
+(the rich) he delivered himself up to all sorts of deaths,
+which were decreed against him, because he would do no
+wrong — not even to speak the word to adopt the worship
+of idols."
+
+' After Philippson, to make up the contrast between
+D^ywi and T^i/y.
+
+•^ Atonement; and means, that when the trials have
+been duly borne as the means of the world's regeneration,
+then shall the (ippurciil evil be converted into real. good.
+
+' Rashi renders the beginning of this verse, " He hath
+lived, seen pleasure, and was satisfied from the labour of
+his hands," i. c. not by violence, "and now he judgeth with
+righteousness," &c.
+
+° Others, "he made intercession for," &c. Rashi adds,
+" through his" pains, by which happiness came into the
+world." This is daily verified by the experience of man-
+kind.
+
+° Figurative — the tent and its appurtenances must be
+enlarged, or the place of Israel's habitation, to make
+room for the numerous progenv, spoken of also in ciiap.
+liii. 10.
+
+
+ISAIAH LIV. LV.
+
+
+thou ypread forth; and thy seed shall drive
+out nations, and desolate cities shall they re-
+people.
+
+4 Fear not. for thou shalt not be made
+ashamed; and be not confounded, for thou
+shalt not be put to the blush; for the shame
+of thy youth shalt thou forget, and the re-
+proach of thy widowhood shalt thou not re-
+member any more.
+
+5 For thy husband is thy Maker, the Lord
+of hosts is his name; and thy Eedeemer is the
+Holy One of Israel, "The* God of all the i
+earth." shall he be called.
+
+6 For as a woman forsaken and grieved in
+spirit did the Lord call thee back, and as a
+Avife of 3'outh, that was rejected, saith thj^
+God.
+
+7 But for a brief moment'' have I forsaken
+thee; but with great mercies will I again re-
+ceive" thee.
+
+8 In a little'' wrath did I hide my face for
+a moment from thee ; but with everlasting
+kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith th}'
+Eedeemer the Lord.
+
+9 ^ For as the waters of Noah is this unto
+me; as I have sworn that the waters of Noiih
+should no more pass over the earth : so have
+I sworn that I would not be wroth with tliee,
+nor rebuke thee.
+
+10 For the mountains may depart, and the
+hills may be remo\ed ; but my kindness shall
+not depart from thee, neither shall the cove-
+nant of my peace be removed, saith he that
+hath mercy on thee, the Lord.
+
+11 •[ 0 thou afflicted, tossed by the tempest,
+and not comforted, behold, I will lay th}'
+stones with fair colours," and lay th}' founda-
+tions with sapphires.
+
+12 And I will make of rubies th}' battle-
+ments, and thy gates into carbuncle-stones,
+and all thy borders into precious stones.
+
+13 And all thy children shall be disciples
+of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of
+thy children.
+
+14 In righteousness shalt thou be esta-
+blished: keep far from oppression, for thou
+
+
+' Others, " inherit."
+
+* Others, "in brief exciteiueut."
+
+° Lit. "gather up."
+
+'' Jonathan. Others, " in the violence of wrath."
+
+° Sachs and others, " potter's ore," or " galena." The
+floors of the Egyptians were laid in beautiful colours, as
+was done also among other nations.
+
+
+shalt not fear; and from terror, for it shall
+not come near unto thee.
+
+15 Behold, they that assemble together,
+are nothing without me: whosoever assem-
+bleth together against thee shall fall under
+thy 230wer.*^
+
+16 Behold, I have created the snn'th that
+bloweth the coals in the fire, and that Ijring-
+eth forth an instrument for his work ; and I
+have also created the waster to destroy.
+
+17 No weapon that is formed against thee
+shall prosper; and every tongue that will
+rise against thee in judgment thou shalt con-
+demn. This is the heritage of the servants
+of the Lord, and their due reward^ from me,
+saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER LV.
+
+1 T[ Ho, every one of ye that thirsteth,
+come ye to the water,'' and he too that hatlt
+no money : come ye, buy, and eat ; yea, come,
+buy without money and without price wine
+and milk.
+
+2 Wherefore will ye spend money for what is
+not bread? and your labour for what sati.sfieth
+not ? hearken then unto me, and eat what is
+good, and let your soul delight it.self in fiitness.
+
+3 Incline your ear, and come unto me,
+hear, and your soul shall live; and I will
+make with you an everlasting covenant, the
+promised mercies of David, which are sure.
+
+4 Behold, for a lawgiver' unto the people
+have I appointed him, a prince and com-
+mander to the people.
+
+5 Behold, a nation thou knowest not shalt
+thou call, and a nation that knew thee not
+shall run unto thee ; for the sake of the Lord
+thy God, and for the Holy One of Israel, for
+he hath gloriiied thee.
+
+6 *\\ Seek ye the Lord, while'' he may be
+found, call ye on him, while he is near.
+
+7 Let the wicked forsake his way, and the
+man of unrighteousness his thoughts; and let
+him return unto the Lord, and he will have
+mercy upon him, and unto our God, for he
+will abundantly pardon.'
+
+
+' Rcdak. Others, " shall surrender to thee."
+s Jonathan. Lit. "righteousness."
+' " The law."— Ra,shi.
+
+' Sachs, after Rashi. Lit. " witness," in the sense of
+the one who has the right to "warn."
+' Sachs, "because he may," &c.
+' Sachs, "for he is rich iu forgiveness."
+
+511
+
+
+ISAIAH LV. LVI.
+
+
+8 For not my thoughts are your thoughts,
+and not your ways are my ways, saith the
+Lord.
+
+9 For as high as the heavens are above
+the earth, so high" are iny ways above
+your ways, and my thoughts above your
+thoughts.
+
+10 For as the rain and the snow come
+down from heaven, and return not thither,
+but water the earth, and render it fruitful,
+and cause it to bring forth jjhants; and give
+seed to the sower and bread to him that
+eateth :
+
+11 So shall ever be my word which goetli
+forth from my mouth, it shall not return unto
+me without etiect;*" but it accomplisheth what
+I desire, and it prospereth in that whereto I
+have sent it.
+
+12 For in joy shall ye go out, and in peace
+shall ye be brought home : the mountains and
+the hills shall break forth before you into
+song, and all the trees of the field shall clap
+their hands.
+
+13 Instead of the thorn shall come up the
+fir-tree, and instead of the nettle" shall come
+up the myrtle; and it shall be unto the Lord
+for a name, for a sign of everlasting that shall
+not be cut off.
+
+CHAPTER LVI.
+
+1 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, Keep ye
+justice, and do equity; for near is my salva-
+tion to come, and my righteousness to be re-
+vealed.
+
+2 Happy is the mortal that ever doth this,
+and the son of man that ever layeth hold on
+it; that keepeth the sabliath by not violating
+it, and keepeth his hand from doing any
+evil.
+
+3 And let not say the son of the stranger,
+that joineth himself unto the Lord, saying.
+Surely the Lord will exclude me from his
+
+
+' Man must not measure his forgiveness by that of the
+Lord; for our God is infinite in goodness as he is im-
+measurably greater than man in wisdom; hence we should
+never despair of mercy though our sins be many,
+•i Lit. " empty."
+
+° Philippsou, " heather ;" others, "brier."
+^ Jonathan and Abeu Ezra. Sachs, " a monument."
+* Philippson comments, that the prophet calls on the
+wild beasts to assail tlu! flock, /. e. the house of Israel,
+since their shepherds, rulers, ciders, priests, and false pro-
+phets (lid not watch them. He conceives the wild beasts
+addressed to be idniatry anil vice; and hi'nee hu de-
+&12 .
+
+
+people : nor let the eunuch say, Behold, I am
+a dry tree.
+
+4 Tj For thus hath said the Lord concern-
+ing the eunuchs that keep my sabbaths, and
+make choice of what pleaseth me, and take
+hold of my covenant,
+
+5 I will indeed give unto them in my
+house and within my walls a jjlace'' and a
+nante, better than sons and daughters : an
+everlasting name will I give them, that shall
+not be cut ofl'.
+
+6 ^[ Also the sons of the stranger, that
+join themselves unto the Lord, to serve him,
+and to love the name of the Lord, to be unto
+him as servants, every one that keepeth the
+sabbath by not violating it, and those who
+take hold of my covenant :
+
+7 Even these will I liring to my holy
+mountain, and make them joyful in my house
+of prayer; their burnt>offerings and their sor
+crifices shall l^e accepted upon my altar; for
+my house shall be called a house of prayer
+for all the nations.
+
+8 Thus saith the Lord Eternal who gather-
+eth the outcasts of Israel, I will yet gather
+(others) to him, beside his own gathered (out-
+
+
+9 All ye beasts of the field, come to de-
+vour, (yea,) all ye beasts in the forest."
+
+10 ^ His*^ watchmen are all of them blind,
+they know nothing; they all are dumb dogs,
+they cannot bark; dreamers,'^ Ij^^^o down,
+loving to slumber.
+
+11 But the dogs are of a greedy disposition,
+they know not how to be satisfied; and those
+are shepherds that know how to understand :
+they all turn to their own way, every one after
+his gain, from all quarters.''
+
+12 Come ye,' I will fetch wine, and let us
+swallow aljundantly of strong drink ; and like
+this day shall it be to-morrow, excellent and
+in very great abundance.
+
+nounces the idolaters in the succeeding speech. Rashi,
+however, "All ye nations, come near unto me, and devour
+all the beasts in the forest, the mighty ones of the na-
+tions who have recused to become proselytes;" and con-
+nects this with the verse above. Aben lilzra deems it a
+call on the wicked nf the Gentiles to slay the wicked of
+Israel, like tiie wild beasts that slay each other.
+
+' Israel's.
+
+* Others, "sleepers," or "those who talk miusensc iu
+sleep."
+
+"■ Rashi. Aben Ezra, "from his own quarter."
+
+' "8o do thev say one to the nllnT." — Ka^MI.
+
+
+ISAIAH LVII.
+
+
+CHAPTER LVII.
+
+1 The righteous perisheth, and no man
+layeth it to heart: and pious men are taken
+away, without one considering that before
+the evil" the righteous is taken away.
+
+2 He shall come (to his lathers) in peace:
+they shall repose in their resting-place, every
+one that walketh in his uprightness.
+
+3 ^ But 3'e draw near hither, .sons of the
+sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the
+harlot.
+
+4 Over'' whom will you make yourselves
+merry? concerning whom will 3-ou open wide
+your mouth, stretch out your tongue? are ye
+not children of transgression, a seed of false-
+hood,
+
+5 That are intlamed" after the idols under
+every green tree; that slaughter the children
+in the ^■alle3•s under the clefts of the rocks ?
+
+(3 Of the smooth stones of the valley is thy
+portion ; they, they are thy lot : even to them
+hast thou poured out a drink-ofiering, hast
+thou oftered a meat-oflering. Shall I for these
+things repent me (of the evil) ?''
+
+7 Upon a high and lofty mountain hast
+thou placed thy couch : even thither wentest
+thou up to offer sacrifice.
+
+8 And behind the doors and the door-posts
+hast thou placed thy (mark of) remembrance;
+for (departing) from me, thou hast laid open,
+and art gone up, — hast enlarged thy couch,
+and made thee a covenant with some of them;
+thou hast loved their lying with thee, hast
+selected a fitting place.
+
+9 And thou didst show thyself unto the
+king with ointment, and thou didst multiply
+thy perfumes, and thou didst send out thy mes-
+sengers e\'en into the far-off distance, and didst
+debase thyself even down to the nether world.
+
+
+* "Which is to come over the generation." — R.\SHr.
+
+' Rashi, " Since ye have departed from me, on whom
+will ye depend to enjoy what is good?" But the con-
+nection seems to indicate that the prophet asks them why
+they deride those sent to reprove them, with the coarse
+gestures of opening the mouth, and lulling out the tongue.
+
+' Jonathan, ''that worship the enxirs," /. e. idols. But
+Rashi, "that excite themselves to incest under the tere-
+binths."
+
+'' Rashi, Aben Ezra, and others, and means, should
+God, seeing the gross idolatry, as they even worshipped
+smooth stones, have cause to refrain from sending over
+the people the evil denounced bv the prophets? Sachs,
+" Shall T nuiet ravsclf ?"
+
+;; I'
+
+
+10 Though thou art wearied by the length
+of thy way, yet saidst thou not, It is useless :"
+thou hadst found enough for thy hand ; th(>re-
+fore didst thou feel no care.*^
+
+11 And of whom hadst thou dreJid or fear,
+that thou becamest fidse, and didst not re-
+member me, nor lay it to th}' heart? is it not
+so? I kept silence, and this from earliest
+times, and therefore tliou fearest me not?
+
+12 I, I ever tell thee (what deeds would
+be) th}' righteousness; but thy works — these
+indeed will not profit thee.
+
+13 When thou criest. let thy uuisses of
+idols deliver thee; but all of them will the
+wind carry away, a breath will take them
+off; but he that putteth his trust in me shall
+possess the land, and shall inherit my holy
+mountain.
+
+14 And he" will say. Cast ye up, cast ye
+up, clear out the way, lift up every stundjling
+block out of the way of my people.
+
+15 *\\ For thus hath said the high and lofty
+One, who inhabiteth eternity, whose name is
+Holy, In the high and holy place do I dwell,
+yet also with the contrite and humble of spirit,
+to revive the spirit of the hundjle, and to re-
+vive the heart of the contrite.
+
+16 For not to eternity will I contend,
+neither will I be for ever wroth : when the
+spirit from before me is overwhelmed, and
+the souls which I have made.
+
+17 Because of the iniquity of his covetous-
+ness was I wroth, and I smote him, hiding
+my face, and was wroth : while he went on
+frowardl^' in the Avay of his own heart.
+
+18 I (now) see his ways, and I will heal
+him; and I will guide him, and bestow full
+comforts on him and on his mourners;
+
+19 Creating'' the fruit of the lips: Peace,
+peace to him that is afar off and to him that
+
+
+' Rashi, " I will give up these things, but attend to the
+law and commandments." Eng. ver., " There is no hope."
+
+' Rashi. Aben Ezra, "thou foundest thy hand strong;
+therefore wast thou not weakened."
+
+^ "The prophet in the name of God." — Rashi.
+
+*■ Rashi, after Jonathan, " Who create a new speech of
+lips," and comments, " Against that hitherto affliction
+came over him, and all exclaimed against him, ever}' one
+will now call to him, Peace, peace. To the far and to
+the near — both shall be alike, both he who has grown
+old in my law and service from his youth, and he who
+has approached now of late thereto to return from his .
+evil way; and the Lord says, I will heal him from Li*
+disease and sius."
+
+618
+
+
+ISAIAH LVII. LVIII. LIX.
+
+
+is near, saith the Lord; and I will heal
+him.
+
+20 But the wicked are like the troubled
+sea ; for it can never be at rest, but its waters
+cast up mire and dirt.
+
+21 There is no peace, saith my God, to the
+wicked.
+
+CHAPTER LVni.
+
+1 ][ Cry with a full throat, spare not, like
+the cornet lift up thy voice, and declare unto
+my people their transgression, and to the
+house of Jacob their sins.
+
+2 Yet me do they ever seek day by day,
+and to know my ways do they always desire ;
+as a nation that hath done righteousness, and
+hath not forsaken the ordinance of their God :
+continually do they ask of me the ordinances
+of justice — do they desire to draw nigh unto
+God.
+
+3 " Wherefore have we fiisted, and thou
+seest it not? have we afflicted our soul, and
+thou regardest it not?" Behold, on the day
+of 3'our fasting ye follow your business," and
+all your acquired gains'* do ye exact.
+
+4 Behold, for contention and strife do ^-e
+fast, and to smite with the fist of wickedness:
+ye fast not so at this da}-, to cause your voice
+to be heard on high."
+
+6 Is such then the fast which I can choo.se?
+a day that a man afUicteth his soul? to bend
+his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth
+and ashes for his couch? wilt thou call this
+a fast, and a daj' of acceptability unto the
+Lord?
+
+6 Is not this (rather) the fost that I will
+choo.se ? to open the snares of wickedness, to
+undo the bands of the 3'oke, and to let the
+oppressed go free, and that ye should break
+asunder every yoke?
+
+7 Is it not to distribute'' thy bread to the
+hungry, and tliat thou bring the afflicted'' poor
+into thy house? when thou seest the naked,
+that thou clothe him; and that thou hide not
+thyself from thy own llesh?
+
+8 Then shall break forth as the morning-
+dawn thy light, and thy healing shall speedily
+
+
+'Jonathan, ysn Xi'D "to find one's desire," i.e. the
+business whieli one has most pleasure in.
+
+' Rashi would render, '-yc exaet (the debts) from all
+your aggrieved debtors."
+
+" Jonathan, "ye shall not fast fasts like this," Ac.
+
+*Lit. "to break."
+514
+
+
+spring forth; and before thee shall go thy
+i-ighteousness, the glory of the Lord shall be
+thy re reward.
+
+9 Then shalt thou call, and the Lord will
+answer; thou shalt cry, and he will sa^-. Here
+am I. If thou remove from the midst of thee
+the yoke, the stretching out of the finger,
+and speaking wickedly ;
+
+10 And if thou pour out to the hungry
+thy soul, and satisfy the afflicted soul : then
+shall shine forth in the darkness thy light,
+and thy obscurity be as the noonday- ;
+
+11 And the Lord will guide thee conti-
+nually, and will satisfy thy soul in times of
+famine, and will strengthen thy bones; and
+thou shalt be like a well-watered garden, and
+like a sj^ring of water, the waters of which
+will never deceive.*^
+
+12 And they that spring from thee shall
+build up the ancient ruins; the foundations
+of many generations shalt thou raise up again:
+and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the
+breaches, The restorer of paths to the dwell-
+ing-j^lace.^
+
+13 If thou restrain thy foot for the sake
+of the sabbath, not doing thy business on my
+holy day ; and if thou call the sabbath a de-
+light, the holy day of the Lord, honourable ;
+and honour it by not doing thy usual pur-
+suits,*" by not following thy own business, and
+spea,king (vain) words:
+
+14 Then shalt thou find delight in the
+Lord; and I will cause thee to tread upon
+the high places of the earth, and I will cause
+thee to enjoy the inheritance of Jacob thy
+father; for the mouth of the Lord hath
+spoken it.
+
+CHAPTER LIX.
+
+1 ^ Behold, the Lord's hand is not too
+short to save ; neither his ear too heavy' for
+hearing ;
+
+2 But your iniquities have ever made a
+separation between you and your God, and
+your sins have caused him to hide his face
+from you, so that he would not hear.
+
+3 For your hands are defiled with blood,
+
+'Kodak. Jonathan, "wandering." Rashi, "com-
+plaining."
+
+' i. c. Fail, or be not there when the caravans come to
+it; as is often the case when they pass through the desert.
+
+* /. f. Leading to the newly filled dwelling.
+
+
+Lit. "ways.'
+
+
+(, c.
+
+
+Peaf."
+
+
+ISAIAH LIX. LX.
+
+
+and your fingers with iniquity : your lips have
+spoken fiilsehood, your tongue uttereth de-
+ception.
+
+4 No one admonisheth" with righteousness,
+and no one executeth justice in truth; men
+trust in naught, and speak lies; they have
+conceived mischief, and bring forth wicked-
+ness.
+
+5 Basilisk's eggs do they hatch, and spi-
+der's webs do they weave: he that eateth of
+their eggs must die, and if one be crushed, a
+viper will break forth.
+
+G Their webs cannot serve for garments,
+and they cannot clothe themselves with their
+works : their works are works of wickedness,
+and the deed of violence is in their hands.
+
+7 Their feet run to what is evil, and they
+make haste to shed innocent blood: their
+thoughts are thoughts of wickedness ; wasting
+and destruction are on their highways.
+
+8 The way of peace they know not; and
+there is no justice on their tracks : their paths
+they have made unto themselves crooked;
+whosoever walketh therein knoweth not peace.
+
+9 Therefore is justice far from us, nor will
+happiness overtake us : we ever hope for light,
+but behold there is darkness; for brightness,
+but in obscurity must we walk.
+
+10 We grope like the blind on the wall,
+and as if we had no eyes do we grope: we
+stumble at noonday as in the twilight ; we
+are in complete darkness like the dead.
+
+11 We growl all of us like bears, and like
+doves do we moan sorely ; we ever hope for
+justice, but there is none; for aid, but it is far
+from us.
+
+12 For our transgressions are numerous in
+thy presence, and our sins testify against us;
+lor of our transgressions are we aware; and
+our iniquities — we know them;
+
+13 We transgressed and denied the Lord,
+and departed away from our God; we spoke
+oppression and revolt, conceived and brought
+forth in our heart words of falsehood.
+
+li And justice is forced to turn backward,
+and righteousness standeth afar oif ; for truth
+
+
+' Eedak. Jonathan, "praycth;" PLilippsou, "assevo-
+rateth."
+
+"' Philippson, " Then was truth betrayed, and he that
+departed from evil was plundered."
+
+" Sachs, " when there comoth like a stream the enemy."
+
+'' nODJ after Redak, from DIJ " to fly," hence " urged to
+
+
+stumbled in the street, and equity is not able
+to enter.
+
+15 And thus is the truth missing;'* and he
+that departeth from evil is regarded as foolish :
+and the Lord saw it, and it was displeasing in
+his eyes that there was no justice.
+
+16 And he saw that there was no man,
+and wondered that there was no intercessor ;
+therefore his arm brought him aid, and his
+righteousness, — yea, this sustained him.
+
+17 And he put on righteousness as a coat
+of mail, and (placed) the helmet of salvation
+upon his head ; and he put on the garments
+of vengeance as raiment, and wraf)23ed himself
+with zeal as with a cloak.
+
+18 According to the demerits, so will he
+rejiay (all), fury to his adversaries, recom-
+pense to his enemies; to the islands will he
+repay what they have merited.
+
+19 And they shall fear from the west the
+name of the Lord, and from the rising of
+the sun his glory ; for there shall come distress"
+like the stream which the Spirit of the Lord
+urgeth'' forward.
+
+20 But unto Zion shall come the redeemer,
+and unto those who return'" from transgression
+in Jacob, saith the Lord.
+
+21 And as for me, this is my covenant with
+them, saith the Lord, My spirit that is upon
+thee, and my words*^ which 1 have put in thy
+mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor
+out of the mouth of thy children,^ nor out
+of the mouth of thy children's children,
+saith the Lord, from henceforth and unto all
+eternity.
+
+CHAPTER LX.
+
+1 ][ Arise, give light, for thy liglit is come;
+and the glory of the Lord is shining forth
+over thee.
+
+2 For behold, the darkness shall cover the
+earth, and a gross darkness the people; but
+over thee will shine forth the Lord, and his
+glory will be seen over thee.
+
+3 And nations shall walk by thy light, and
+kings by the brightness of thy shining.
+
+speed on." Rashi, "The spirit of the Lord showeth
+wonders therein;" or "eateth it up as the worms eateth
+a tree."
+
+" i. e. That repent, or become converted.
+
+' The law of God.
+
+s Lit. "seeds"
+
+516
+
+
+ISAIAH LX. LXl.
+
+
+4 Lilt up thy eyes round about and see,
+they all are assembled, they come to thee,
+thy sons are coming from afar, and thy daugh-
+ters are brouoht alon"' in arms.
+
+5 Then wilt thou see and be filled with
+light,^ and thy heart will dread and be en-
+larged; because unto thee shall lie turned the
+aljundance of the sea, the riches of nations
+shall come unto thee.
+
+6 The multitude of camels shall cover
+thee, the dromedaries of Midian and 'Ephah ;
+they all from Sheba shall come: gold and
+frankincense shall they carry, and tlie praises
+of tlie Lord shall they amiounce.
+
+7 All the flocks of Kedar shall be assem-
+bled unto thee, the rams of Nebayoth shall
+minister unto thee: the}- shall come for a
+favourable acceptance (unto me) upon my
+altar, and the house of my glory will I glorify.
+
+8 Who are these that fly like a cloud, and
+like the doves, to their windows ?
+
+9 Yea, unto me (the inhabitants of) the
+isles shall hasten,^ and the ships of Tharshish
+at first, to bring thy sons from afar, their sil-
+ver and their gold with them, unto the name
+of the Lord thy God, and to the Holy One of
+Israel; because lie hath glorified thee.
+
+10 And the sons of the stranger shall build
+up thy walls, and their kings shall minister
+unto thee ; for in my wrath did I smite thee,
+but in my favour have I had mercy on thee.
+
+11 And thy gates shall stand open con-
+tinually, day and night shall they not be
+closed, to bring unto thee the wealth of na-
+tions, and their kings led (captive).
+
+12 For the nation and the kingdom that
+Avill not serve thee shall perish ; and the na-
+tions shall be utterly destroyed.
+
+lo The glory of Leljanon shall come unto
+thee, the fir, the cjpress, and the box toge-
+ther, to adorn the place of my sanctuary, and
+the (resting) place of my feet will I glorify.
+
+14 And then shall come unto thee bent
+down the sons of those who afflicted thee, and
+there shall bow themselves down at the soles
+ol' thy feet all thy n'vilers; and they shall
+call thee, The city of the Lord, Zion of the
+Holy One of Israel.
+
+" .Iciialliaii. Others, "tlicii shalt tlimi fear and re-
+joice;" / '-. the siiddeii j(iy will nut iierniit the realiza-
+tion III' all that iia|i|iriis.
+
+'' Others, "wait," ii|- " lioiie,"
+riKi
+
+
+15 Instead that thou wast forsaken and
+hated, without one to pass through (thee),
+will I render thee an excellency of everlasting,
+a joy of all generations."
+
+16 And thou shalt suck the milk of ntitioiis,
+and the breast of kings shalt thou suck ; and
+thou shalt know that I the Lord tun thy
+Saviour, and thy Eedeenier, the Mighty One
+of Jacob.
+
+17 Instead of the copper will I bring gold,
+and instead of the iron will I bring silver, and
+instead of wood copper, and instead of the
+stones iron ; and I will set joeace as thy
+authorities, and righteousness as th}- task-
+masters.
+
+18 There shall not be heard anymore vio-
+lence in thy land, wasting and destruction
+within thy boundaries ; but thou shalt c;i!l.
+vSalvation, thy walls, and thy gates, Praise.
+
+19 The sun shall not be unto thee any
+more for a light by day, and for brightness
+shall the moon not give light unto thee; but
+the Lord will be unto thee for a light of ever-
+lasting, and thy God as thy glory.
+
+20 Thy sun shall not go down any more,
+and thy moon shall not be withdrawn; for
+the Lord will lie unto thee for a light of ever-
+lasting, and ended shall be the days of thy
+mourning.
+
+21 And thy jjeople — they all will be
+righteous, for ever shall they possess the land,
+the sprout of my planting, the work of my
+hands, that I may glorify- my.self
+
+22 The little one shall become a thousand,
+and the small, a mighty nation : I the Lord
+will hasten it in its time.
+
+CHAPTER LXI.
+
+1 ^ The Spirit of the Lord Paternal is upon
+me; because the Lord hath anointed me to
+announce good tidings unto the meek: he
+hath sent me to Ijind up the broken-hearted,
+to prochum to captives Libert\-, and to pri-
+soners Release;''
+
+2 To proclaim a year of favour of the
+Lord, and the dtiy of vengeance of our (!od,
+to comfort all mourners f
+
+3 To grant unto the mourners of Zion, —
+
+
+' Lit. "generation and generation."
+'' Aben Ezra. Joseph Kiniehi, " opening tlie jirison."
+Others, "bond.s."
+
+■■ (Jod's justice is the safety of the rigliteon.s.
+
+
+ISAIAH LXI. LXIt.
+
+
+to give unto them ornament in the place of
+ashes, oil of gladness in the phu-e of mourn-
+ing, garments of praise in the place of a
+grieved spirit; that they may be called. Oaks
+of righteousness, the planting ol' the Lord,
+that he may be glorified.
+
+4 And they shall build up the ancient
+ruins, desolate places of tbrmer times shall
+they raise up, and they shall renew ruined
+cities, the desolate places of many generations.
+
+5 And strangers shall stand and feed your
+flocks, and the sons of the alien shall be your
+ploughmen and your vintners.
+
+6 But ye — ye shall be called. Priests of tlie
+Lord; Ministers of our God, shall be said
+unto you : the wealth of nations shall ye con-
+sume, and in their glory shall ye be placed as
+possessors."
+
+7 In the place^ of your twoibld shame,
+— and the confusion of Avhich they loudly
+complained as their portion : therefore iirtheir
+land shall they possess a twofold (portion) ;
+everlasting joy shall be granted unto them.
+
+8 For I the Lord love justice, I hate rot>
+bery with burnt-offering:' therefore will I
+give them the recompense, of their work in
+truth, and an everlasting covenant will I
+make with them.
+
+9 And among the nations shall tlieir seed
+l)i' known, and tlieir oflspring in the midst of
+the people: all that see them shall acknow-
+ledge tliem, that they are the seed whom the
+Lord hath blessed.
+
+lU Tl I will be greatly glad in the Lord,
+my soul shall be joyful in my God; for he
+hatli clothed me with the garments of salviV
+tion, with the mantle of righteousness hath
+lie enveloped me; as a bridegroom decketh
+himself with elegant attire,"" and as a bride
+adorneth herself with her bridal array.
+
+11 For, as the earth bringeth forth her
+growth, and as a garden causeth what is sown
+therein to spring forth : thus will the Lord
+Eternal cause righteousness and praise to
+spring forth in the presence of all the na-
+tions.
+
+
+" Eashi, from lin, "to exchange." Jonathan, "ye
+shall enjoy yourselves." Others, ''boast."
+
+'' Rashi. But Redak, " Instead of your shame ye shall
+have twofold (reward), and instead of confusion, they
+shall rejoice in their portion."
+
+' Rashi. Jonathan makes ' Olah synonymous with
+'Avhili, wickedness, "i-obhing with wickedness."
+
+
+CHAPTER LXII.
+
+1 For the sake of Zion will I not be silent,
+and for the sake of Jerusalem will I not lie
+quiet; until its righteousness'' go forth as tli(>
+brightness (of light), and its salvation as a
+burning torch.
+
+2 And nations shall see thy righteousness,
+and all kings thy glory; and men shall call
+thee by a new name, which the mouth of the
+Lord shall pronounce.
+
+3 And thou shalt be a crown of ornament
+in the hand of the Lord, and a rojal diadem
+in the hand of tli3' God.
+
+4 Thou*^ shalt not be termed any more
+"Forsaken," and thy land shall not be termed
+any more "Desolate;" for thou shalt be called
+"My delight in her" [Chephzi-bah], and thy
+land "Espou.^ed" [Be'ulah]; lor the Lord will
+have delight in thee, and thy land shall be
+espoused.
+
+5 For as a j'oung man espouseth a virgin,
+so shall tliy sons espouse thee; and as the
+bridegroom is glad over the bride, so will be
+glad over thee thy God.
+
+G Over thy walls, O Jerusalem, have I ap-
+pointed watchmen, all the day and all the
+night, continually, shall they not be silent:
+ye that make mention of the Lord, take ag
+no rest.
+
+7 And give him no rest, until he have
+established, and until he have set up Jerusjir
+leni as a praise on the earth.
+
+8 Sworn hath the Lord bv his right hand,
+and by the arm of his strength, I will not give
+thy corn any more as food for thy enemies,
+and the sons of the stranger shall not drink
+thy young wine for which tliou hast laboured;
+
+9 But they who gather it shall eat it, and
+praise the Lord; and tli,ey Avho bring it to-
+gether .shall drink it in the courts of my sanc-
+tuai'y.
+
+10 T[ Pass, pass through the gates, make
+clear the way of the people, cast up, cast up
+the highway, remove away the stones, lift up
+a banner ovei"^ the nations.
+
+^ Philippson, "sanctifieth the head ornament;" render-
+ing jnj' as "sanctifying." Rashi would give it, "clotheth
+himself with the ornamental garments of the high-priest."
+
+° Others, "happiness," ;'. <■. the result of rightecmsnesa.
+
+' Sachs. Lit. " Then shall not be said of thee any
+more," &c.
+
+e Others, •■f.r."
+
+617
+
+
+iSAIAH LXII. LXIII.
+
+
+11 Behold, the Lord hath caused to be
+heard unto the ends of the earth, " Say ye to
+the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation
+cometh; behold his reward is with him, and
+his recompense before him." .
+
+12 And they shall call them, The holy
+people, The I'edeemed of the Lord; and thou
+shaft be called, Souglit for, [Derusha,] The
+city never forsaken.
+
+CHAPTER LXIII.
+
+1 T[ Who is this that cometh from Edom,
+dyed red in his garments from Bozrah? this
+— glorious in his apparel, moving along in the
+greatness of his strength? "I who speak in
+righteousness, mighty to save."
+
+2 Why is redness on thy apparel, and
+(why are) thy garments as of one that tread-
+eth the wine-press?
+
+3 "I have trodden the vat alone, and of
+the nations there was no man with me; and
+I trod them down in my anger, and I tram-
+pled on them in ray fury; and their blood
+was sprinkled on my garments, and all my
+raiments have I stained.
+
+4 For the day of vengeance was in my
+heart, and the year of my redeemed was
+come.
+
+5 And I looked, and there was no one to
+help, and I was astonished, and there was
+no one to support; and then my own arm aided
+me, and my fury — this it was that upheld
+me.
+
+6 And I stamped down nations in my an-
+ger, and I made them drunken with my fury,
+and brought down to the earth their victori-
+ous strength.""
+
+7 The kindnesses of the Lord will I men-
+tion, the praises of the Lord, in accordance
+with all that the Lord hath bestowed on us,
+.and the abundant goodness toward the house
+of Israel, which he hath bestowed on them
+according to his mercies, and the abundance
+of his kindnesses.
+
+8 And he said, Surely they are my people,
+children that will not lie; and he became to
+them a Saviour.
+
+• Ra«hi. Abou Ezra, "blood." Sachs, "and I let
+flow to the earth their vital fluid." (See above, v. 3.)
+
+' Rashi, who conmicnts, "The prophet complains, and
+says in the language of entreaty, This day doth his peo-
+ple remember in exile the ancient days, those of Moses."
+Sa'adyah agrees also with this.
+
+!:;8
+
+
+9 In all their affliction he was afflicted, ■
+and the angel of his presence saved them ; in
+his love and in his pity he redeemed them ;
+and he bore them, and he carried them all
+the days of old.
+
+10 But they rebelled, and grieved his holy
+Spirit; and he changed himself to become
+their enemy, and he himself fought against
+them.
+
+11 Then remembered his people'' the an-
+cient days of Moses, Where is he that brought
+them up out of the sea with the shepherd of
+his tluck? wliere is he that put within him
+his holy Spirit?
+
+12 That displayed" by the right liand of
+Moses his glorious arm; that divided the
+water before them, to make unto himself an
+everlasting name?
+
+13 That led them through the deeps, as
+a horse through the wilderness, that they
+should not stumble?
+
+14 As a beast goeth down into the valley,
+so did the spirit of the Lord bring them to
+rest; thus didst thou guide thy people, to
+make unto thyself a glorious name.
+
+15 Look down. from heaven, and behold,
+from the habitation of thy holiness and of thy
+glory : where are thy zeal and thy mights,
+the yearning of thy bowels and of thy mercy
+which are now restrained from me ?
+
+16 For thou art our father; for Abraham
+knoweth nothing of us, and Israel recogniseth
+us not : thou, 0 Lord, art our father, our Re-
+deemer from everlasting is thy name.
+
+17 Why hast thou let us go astray,0 Lord,
+from thy ways, suflered our heart to be hard-
+ened against thy fear? Return for the sake
+of thy servants, the tribes of thy heritage.
+
+18 But a brief space were thy holy people
+in possession, when our adversaries trod down
+thy sanctuary.
+
+19 We are become as though we are those
+over whom thou hast never ruled, over whom
+thy name hath not been called. Oh'^ that
+thou mightest rend the heavens, come down:
+at thy presence would mountains (then) melt
+away."
+
+" Lit. "led." After Rashi, "God let walk by Moses
+the arm of his strength at all times that he needed the
+help of the Holy One."
+
+'' This part of the verse is verse 1, chap. Ixiv. of the
+English version.
+
+' Philippson and Sachs, " tremble." (See Judges v. 5.)
+
+
+ISAIAH LXIV. LXV.
+
+
+CHAPTER LXIV.
+
+
+1 ^ As^ fire is kindled on brushwood, as
+water is made to bubble up by fire — to make
+thy name known to thy advei'saries, that at
+thy presence nations might treml)le !
+
+2 (As) when thou didst fearful deeds
+which we had not looked for, thou earnest
+down, (while) at thy presence mountains
+melted away ;
+
+3 Yea ! what from the beginning of the
+world men had not heard, not perceived by
+their hearing; no eye (also) had seen a god
+beside thee, who could do (the like) for the
+one that waiteth for him.
+
+4 Thou acceptest him that rejoiceth and
+worketh righteousness, those that remember
+thee in thy ways: behold, thou wast wroth,
+for we had sinned on them continuall}' ; and
+can we thus be saved?''
+
+5 And we are become like an unclean inan
+all of us, and like a soiled garment, all our
+righteousnesses; and we wither like a leaf all
+of us; and our iniquities, like the wind, will
+bear us away.
+
+6 And there is none that calleth upon thy
+name, that stirreth himself up to lay hold of
+thee ; for thou hast hidden thy face from us,
+and hast let us melt away, through the force""
+of our iniquities.
+
+7 But now, 0 Lord, our tather art thou ;
+we are the clay, and thou our fashioner; and
+the work of thy hand are we all.
+
+8 Be not wroth, 0 Lord, so very greatly,
+and do not for ever remember (our) ini([uity :
+behold, look, we beseech thee, thy people are
+we all.
+
+9 Thy holy cities are become a wilderness,
+
+
+' In the original this chapter is the continuation of the
+section commencing at Ixiii. 7, and is therefore connect-
+ed with the last verse; thus, "before thee would moun-
+tains melt away; as fire is kindled on brushwood," &c.
+Rashi takes □"oon in the sense of a substance that is melt-
+ed. Redak, " as the strong fire that is intended to melt
+metals blazeth up." Rabbi Jonah apml Kirachi, "dry
+straw."
+
+^ Rashi renders this diiEcult verse so : " Thou didst re-
+move those who were joyful to do righteousness, and in-
+voked thee in their prayer after the attributes of thy
+mercy ; behold, when thou wast angry with us for all the
+sins which we ever committed, we were saved through
+their prayer : (5) Wherefore now we are become," &c.
+Heinemann, " Wert thou to meet the joyful and him that
+Joth right, they would remember thee in thy attributes
+
+
+Zion is become a wilderness, JerusaK'ni,;i de-
+solate place.
+
+10 Our holy and our beautiful house where
+our fiithers praised thee, is burnt up with
+fire; and all oiu- costly things are become
+ruins.
+
+11 Wilt thou for these things refrain thy-
+self, 0 Lord? wilt thou be silent, and aiilict
+us so very greatly ?
+
+CHAPTER LXV.
+
+1^1 allowed mj'self to be sought by those
+that asked not ; I let myself be found by those
+that sought me not: I said. Here am I, here
+am I, unto a nation that called itself not' by
+my name.
+
+2 I spread out my hands all the time unto
+a rebellious people, that walk in the way
+which is not good, after their own thoughts;
+
+3 (To) the people that provoke me to
+anger to my face continually; that sacrifice
+in gardens" and burn incense upon (altars of)
+brick,
+
+4 That sit about among the graves, and
+lodge in the vaults,^ that eat the flesh of the
+swine, and (have) broth of abominations'' (in)
+their vessels;
+
+5 That say, Stand by thyself, come not
+near to me; for I am holier than thou. These
+are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burnetii
+all the time.
+
+6 Behold, it is written before me ; I will
+not keep silence, till I have recompensed,
+yea, recompensed into their bosom, —
+
+7 Your iniquities and the iniquities of your
+fathers together, saith the Lord, who have
+burnt incen.se upon the mountains, and upon
+the hills have blasphemed me : and I will
+
+
+— we would have been helpled ; but as thou wast angry,
+we did sin through them perpetually." Sachs, " Wert
+thou to meet one who joyfully doth what is right, who
+think of thee in thy ways — behold, wert thou even angry
+because we had sinned — we should be helped through
+them for ever." Our version is aftur Philippson, who re-
+fers Dn3 " on them" to " thy ways," meaning "for we had
+sinned on God's ways," i. c not heeding his commands.
+
+" Jonathan, " and thou hast delivered us into the power
+of our iniquities."
+
+^ Rashi, " that desired not to be called by my name;"
+('. e. Israel.
+
+" [. e. To idols, as no sacrifice out of the temple could
+be lawfully brought to God
+
+' Eng. ver. "monuments." Philippson, "caverns."
+
+« Philippson, "unclean animals."
+
+519
+
+
+Isaiah lxv. lxvi.
+
+
+measure out their woi'k at first into their
+bosom.
+
+8 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, As the new
+wine is found in the cluster of grapes, and one
+saith, Destroy it not, for a blessing is in it : so
+will I do for the sake of my servants, that I
+Avill not destroy the whole;
+
+9 And I let come forth out of Jacob a seed,
+and out of Judah an inheritor of my moun-
+tains; and my elect shall inherit it, and my
+servants shall dwell there.
+
+10 And Sharon sliall become a fold of
+flocks, and the valley of 'Aclior a resting-place
+for herds, for my people that have sought me.
+
+11 But ye who forsake the Lord, who for-
+get m}' holy mountain, that set out a table for
+the god of Fortune," and that fill for Destiny
+the drink-offering : —
+
+12 Yea, I will destine you to the sword,
+and all of you shall kneel down to the
+slaughter; because when I called, ye did not
+answer; when I spoke, ye did not hear; but
+ye did what is evil in my eyes, and that
+wherein I had no delight did ye choose.
+
+13 T[ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, my servants shall eat, but ye
+shall be hungry ; behold, my servants shall
+drink, but ye shall be thirsty ; behold, my serv-
+ants shall rejoice,butye shall be made ashamed ;
+
+14 Behold, my servants shall sing for joy
+of heart, but ye shall cry out from pain of
+heart, and from a broken spirit shall ye howl;
+
+15 And ye shall leave behind your name
+for an oath unto my elect ones, when the Lord
+Eternal will slay thee ; but his servants will
+he call by another name.
+
+16 Whoever there be that blesseth himself
+on the earth shall bless himself by the true
+God; and that sweareth on the earth shall
+swear by the true God ; because the former
+troubles are forgotten, and because they are
+hidden from my eyes.
+
+17 For, behold, I will create new heavens
+and a new earth ; and the former shall not be
+remembered, nor come into mind ;''
+
+18 But be ye glad and rejoice unto all
+eternity in what I create ; for, behold, I will
+
+' nj "Fortune," a deity worshipped by the ancients.
+(See Gen. xxxii.) So also 'jo " Destiny," "Fate." Eng.
+version, "troop," "number." Rashi, "according to the
+number of the idol-priests you fill basins with wine,"
+taking 'jo as " number."
+
+'' Hcb. " upon the heart."
+
+
+create Jerusalem for rejoicing, and her people
+for gladness.
+
+19 And I will rejoice over Jerusalem, and
+be glad in my people : and there shall not be
+heard in her any more the voice of weeping,
+nor the voice of complaint."
+
+20 There shall no more come* thence an
+infant of few days, nor an old man that shall
+not have the full lengih of his days ; for as a
+lad shall one die a hundred years old ; and as
+a sinner shall be accursed he who (dieth) at a
+hundred years old.
+
+21 And they shall build houses, and inha-
+bit them ; and they shall plant vineyards, and
+eat their fruit.
+
+22 They shall not build, and another in-
+habit; they shall not plant, and another eat;
+for as the days' of a tree are the days of my
+people, and the work of their hands shall my
+elect wear out.
+
+23 The}' shall not toil in vain, nor bring
+forth unto an early death f for the seed of the
+blessed of the Lord are they, and their off-
+spring with them.
+
+24 And it shall come to pass, that before
+yet they call will I answer; and while they
+are still speaking will I hear.
+
+25 The wolf and the lamb shall feed to-
+gether, and the lion shall like the bullock eat
+straw: and the serpent — dust shall be his
+food. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all
+my holy mountain, saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER LXVI.
+
+1 Tl Thus hath said the Lord, The heaven
+is my throne, and the earth is my foot-stool:
+where is there a house that ye can build unto
+me? and where is the place of my rest?
+
+2 For all these things hath my hand made,
+that all these things came into being, saith
+the Lord; but upon such a one will I look,
+upon the poor, and him who is of a contrite
+spirit, and who trembleth at my word.
+
+3 He that slaughtereth the oXj'-'slajeth a
+man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, breaketh the
+neck of a dog; he that offereth a meat-offer-
+ing, (oflereth) swine's blood ; he that burnetii
+
+
+• crymg. '
+'be."
+
+
+° Lit.
+"Lit.
+
+° i. e. "Age," duration of life.
+' Jonathan. Others, " terror," " trouble."
+* See chap. i. ; the prophet reproves those who sacrifice
+outwardly without the contrite .spirit of ver.se 2.
+
+
+ISAIAH LXVt.
+
+
+incense, blessetli an idol: yen, they have
+made choice of their own ways, and in their
+ahoininations doth their soul delight.
+
+4 So will I also make choice of their mis-
+fortune,'' and what they dread will I bring
+upon them; because I called, and none did
+answer; I spoke, and they did not hear; and
+they did what is evil in my eyes, and that in
+which I delighted not did they choose.
+
+5 ^1 Hear the word of the Lord, ye that
+tremble at his word: Your brethren that
+hated you. that cast you out for the sake of
+my name,'' said, "Let tlie Lord be gloriiied;"
+but he will appear to your joy, and they shall
+be made ashamed.
+
+6 (There is) a voice of tumult from the
+city, a voice from the temple, the voice of the
+Lord who reudereth recomj^ense to his ene-
+mies.
+
+7 Before she had travailed she brought
+forth ; before yet her pain was come, she was
+delivered of a man-child.
+
+8 Who hath heard the like? who hath
+seen such things? shall a land be made to
+travail in one day? or shall a nation be
+born at once? that Zion hath travailed, also
+brought forth her children ?
+
+9 Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause
+to bring forth? saith the Lord; or shall I
+who cause to bring forth, now prevent it?
+saith thy God.
+
+10 ^[ Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, and be
+delighted over her, all ye that love her; be
+higlih' glad with Iier, all ye that mourn for her.
+
+11 In order that ye may suck, ami te
+satisfied with the breast of her consolations;
+in order that ye may sip, and find pleasure
+from the abundance of her glory.
+
+12 Tl For thus hath said the Lord, Behold,
+I will extend to her peace like a river, and like
+a rapid stream the glory of nations, that ye
+may suck: upon the arm shall ye be borne,
+and upon knees shall ye be dandled.
+
+• Jonathnn. Others, "delusions," "child's play."
+
+" According to the Massorah, "for my sake" belongs
+to the next sentence, thus: — -"that cast you out said,
+For my sake (t, e. that of each speaker) let the LoilD be
+glorified." Sachs and others, "Let the Lord be glorified,
+that we may look on your joy — but they shall be put to
+shame."
+
+" Where the idols were placed.
+
+'' Aben Ezra. But Rashi, "one company after the
+other." Sachs, " behind one female," perhaps referring
+to a "a priestess," and some peculiar ceremony not now
+3Q
+
+
+13 As one whom his mother comforteth,
+so Avill I comfort you; and in Jerusalem shall
+ye be comforted.
+
+14 And ye shall see this, and your heart
+shall be glad, and your bones shall flourish
+like the grass; and then will be known the
+hand of the Lord on his servants, and he
+will be indignant toward his enemies.
+
+15 For, behold, the Lord will come with
+fire, and his chariots will be like the storm-
+wind, to send forth his anger with furv, and
+his threatening with flames of fire.
+
+16 For by fire will the Lord judge, and by
+his sword against all flesh : and many shall
+be tlie slain of the Lord.
+
+17 They that sanctify themselves, and
+purify themselves for the gardens," behind
+one tree'' in tlie midst, they who eat the flesh
+of the swine, and the abomination, and the
+mouse, together shall they perish, saitli the
+Lord.
+
+18 And I, because of their works and their
+thoughts, will let it come to pass to gather all
+the nations and tongues; and they shall come,
+and shall see my glory.
+
+19 And I will display a sign on them, and
+I will send from them those that escape unto
+the nations, Tharshish, Pul, and Lud, that
+draw the bow, Thubal, and Javan, the isles
+afar off, that have not heard my fame, and
+have not seen my glory; and they shall pro-
+claim my glory among the nations.
+
+20 And they shall bring all your brethren
+out of all nations as an ofiering" unto the
+Lord, upon hoi'ses, and in chariots, and in
+litters, and upon mules, and upon dromeda-
+ries,' to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saitli
+the Lord, as the children of Israel bring the
+offering in a clean vessel into the house of
+the Lord.
+
+21 And of them*^ also will I take for priests
+and for Levites, saith the Lord.
+
+22 For as the new heavens and the new
+
+known. Philippson, " behind one in the court," yn or
+"the interior;" and explains, that before they entered the
+idol-gardens, one commenced and the others followed to
+make the purification in the court.
+
+" See chap. xvii. 7.
+
+' Eng. ver. "swift beasts."
+
+*"From the nations that bring, and the Israelites
+that are brought, will I take those again wlio are priests
+and Levites, but are now mingled up with ihe nations
+through compulsion, and they shall serve before me." —
+R.\SHI.
+
+021
+
+
+JEREMIAH i.
+
+
+earth, which I will make, shall have pei'ma-
+nence" before me, saith the Lord, so shall
+exist permanently your seed and your name.
+
+23 And it shall come to pass, that from
+one new moon to the other new moon, and
+from one sabbath to tlie other sabbath, shall
+all flesh come to prostrate themselves be-
+fore me, saith the Lord.
+
+24 And they shall go forth, and look uj^on
+
+
+the carcasses of the men that ha^-e transgTess-
+ed against me ; for their worm shall not die,
+nor shall their fire be quenched; and they
+shall be an abhorrence unto all flesh.
+
+23 [And it shall come to pass, that from
+one new moon to the other new moon, and
+from one sabbath to the other sabbath, shall
+all Hesh come to prostrate themselves before
+me, saith the Lord.]
+
+
+THE BOOK OF JEREMIAH,
+
+
+n'OT -IGD.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The words of Jeremiah'' the son of
+Chilkiyahu, one of the priests that were in
+'Anathoth in the land of Benjamin;
+
+2 To whom the word of the Lord came
+in the days of Josiah the son of Anion the
+king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his
+reign,
+
+8 And who continued (prophet) in the
+days of Jehoyakim the son of Josiah the king
+of Judah, until the end of the eleventh year
+of Zedekiah the son of Josiah the king of
+Judah, uutil tlie carrying away into exile of
+Jerusalem in the fifth month."
+
+4 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+5 Before yet I had formed thee in thy mo-
+ther's body I knew thee ; and before thou wast
+yet come forth out of the womb I sanctified
+thee : a prophet unto the nations did I ordain
+thee.
+
+6 And I said, Ah, Lord Eternal! behold,
+I know not how to speak ; for I am (but) a lad.
+
+7 And the Lord said unto me, Say not,
+
+' Jonathan.
+
+' Properly, Yirmci/ahu.
+
+° Tliis ik'finition of his prophetic activity applies pro-
+perly to the first thirty-nine chapters, which carry us to
+the destruction of Jerusalem ; but as there were no kings
+afterward, there was no means of designating his later ac-
+tivity with reference to them. The end of this verse also
+specifies the date of the end of Zedekiah's reign, not that
+if Jeremiah's prophecies. — After Phii.ippson.
+
+^ Zunz, "whithersoever."
+622
+
+
+T am (but) a lad; but to whomsoever* I may
+send thee shalt thou go, and whatsoever I
+may command thee shalt thou speak.
+
+8 Be not afraid because of them ; for I am
+with thee to deliver thee, saith the Lord.
+
+9 And the Lord stretched forth his hand,
+and touched (me) therewith on my mouth;
+and the Lord said unto me. Behold, I have
+put my words in thy mouth.
+
+10 See, I have appointed thee this day
+over the nations and over the kingdoms, to
+root out, and to pull down, and to destroy,
+and to throw down: to build up, and to
+plant.
+
+11 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying. What seest thou, Jeremiah? And
+I said, A staff of an almond-tree do I see.
+
+12 And the Lord said unto me. Thou hast
+well seen; for I am watching" over my word
+to perform it.
+
+13 ^[ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me the second time, saying, What seest thou?
+And I said, A seething pot do I see ; and the
+front*^ thereof is turned from the north.
+
+14 And the Lord said unto me. Out of the
+
+° There is in the Hebrew a play on the word ipty
+shah/red, "almond," identical in its root with shahlcail,
+"to hasten," "to watch intently;" wherefore the almond
+was a proper type of the speedy fulfilment of the pro-
+phecy. The almond-tree is represented as blossoming and
+producing very early.
+
+' Rashi renders, et ses ondes, "and its bubbling is
+(urged) from the north side." But literally, the part
+froin which the contents are poured out, the front, is
+! turned toward Palestine from the north.
+
+
+JEREMIAH I. ir.
+
+
+north sliiill the Q\l\ break'* Ibrtli over all the
+inhabitants of the land,
+
+15 For, lo. I will call unto all the families
+of the kingiloni.s of the north, saith the Lord;
+and they shall come, and they shall set every
+one his tlirone at the entrance of the gates of
+Jerusalem, and upon all its walls round about,
+and upon (those of) all the cities of Judah.
+
+16 And I will call them to account'' touch-
+ing all their wickedness, in that they have
+forsaken me, and have burnt incense unto
+other gods, ami have bowed down unto the
+works of their own hands.
+
+17 But do thou gird up thy loins, and
+arise, and speak unto them all that I may
+command thee; be not discouraged because
+of them, lest I humble thee befoi'e them.
+
+18 But I. behold, I have made of thee this
+day a fortified city, and an iron pillar, and
+brazen walls over the whole land, against the
+kings of Judah, against its princes, against its
+priests, and against the people of the land.
+
+19 And (although) they fight against thee,
+they shall not prevail against thee; for with
+thee am I, saith the Lord, to deliver thee.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 T[ And the word of the Lord came to
+me, saying,
+
+2 Go and call out before the ears of Jeru-
+salem, saying, Thus hath said the Lord, I
+remember" unto thee, the kindness of thy
+youth, the love of thy espousals, thy going
+after me in the wilderness, through a land
+that is not sown.
+
+3 A holy thing is Israel unto the Lord,
+the first of his fruits: all that devour him
+shall incur guilt; evil shall come over them,
+saith the Lord.
+
+4 ^ Hear ye the word of the Lord, 0
+house of Jacob, and all ye families of the
+house of Israel.
+
+5 Thus hath said the Lord, What fault did
+your fathers find in me, that they went away
+far from me, and walked after vanity, and
+became vain?
+
+6 That they said not, Where is the Lord
+that brought us up out of the land, of Egypt,
+
+
+' Lit. "shall be opened. "
+
+' Rasbi. Pbilippson, literally, " And I will pronounce
+my judgments over tbem."
+
+"Pbilippson, "I remembered," ''waSj" "devoured,"
+"incurred," "came."
+
+
+that led us through the wilderness, through
+a land of deserts and of wildness,'' through a
+land of drought, and of the shadow of death,
+through a land through which no one had
+passed, and where no man had dwelt ?
+
+7 And I brought you into the land of
+fruitful fields, to eat its fruit and its goodly"
+products; but ye came and ye made unclean
+my land, and my heritage ye rendered an
+abomination.
+
+8 The priests said not. Where is the Lord ?
+and they that handle^ the law knew me not;
+and the shepherds transgressed against me,
+and the prophets prophesied in the name of
+Ba'al, and after things that cannot profit did
+they walk.
+
+9 Therefore will I contend yet farther with
+you, saith the Lord, and with your children's
+children will I contend.
+
+10 For pass over to the isles of the Chit-
+tites, and see; and unto Kedar send, and con-
+sider well : and see if any thing like this hath
+happened.
+
+11 Hath a nation exchanged its gods,
+which are yet no gods? and (still) my people
+hath exchanged its glory for that which can
+not profit.
+
+12 Be astonished, 0 ye heavens, at this,
+and let ^our hair stand at an end, be ye
+greatly terrified,'^ saith the Lord.
+
+13 For two evils have my people commits
+ted: me have they forsaken, the source of
+living waters, to hew out for themselves cis-
+terns, broken cisterns, that cannot hold water.
+
+14 Is Israel a servant? or one born (to
+servitude) in the house ? why hath he been
+given up to plunder?
+
+15 (That) over him young lions roared,
+let their voice resound, and changed his land
+into a waste, that his cities are burnt, left
+without an inhabitant?
+
+16 Even the children of Noph and Thach-
+panches have crushed the crown of thy head.
+
+17 Hast thou not procured this unto thy-
+self, through thy forsaking the Lord thy God,
+while he was leading thee on the (right) way ?
+
+18 And now what'' hast thou to do on tlic
+way of Egypt, to drink the waters of Shichor ?
+
+^Jonathan. Piasbi, "pit-foils."
+' Zunz, " blessing."
+
+' Jonathan, "the teachers of," kc. Rashi, " the judges."
+8 Rashi, " be as though you were ruiued."
+^ Zunz, " what hast thou obtained from the way," &c.
+
+523
+
+
+JEREMIAH II.
+
+
+and what hast thou to do on the wa}- of
+Asshur. to drink the waters of the river ?
+
+19 Thy own wickedness shall chastise
+thee, and thy backslidin.crs shall correct thee;
+and thou siialt know and see that evil and
+bitter was thy forsaking the Lord thy God,
+while the dread of mo was not upon thee,
+saith the Lord Eternal of hosts.
+
+20 Because from yore did I break thy yoke,
+did I burst asunder thy bands; and thou
+saidst, I will not transgress: nevertheless
+upon every high hill and under every green
+tree thou makest thy bed," as harlot.
+
+21 Yet I had planted thee as a branch of
+a noble vine, wholly of the proper seed ; but
+how art thou changed unto me into a degene-
+rate plant of an ignoble vine?
+
+22 For though thou wash thyself with
+natron,'' and take for thyself much soap : yet
+would the stain of thy iniquity remain before
+me, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+23 How canst thou say, I am not become
+unclean, after the Be'alim have I not gone ?
+see thy way in the valley, know what thou
+hast done : (like) a swift dromedary bound
+fast" to her ways ;
+
+24 (Like) a wild ass used to the wilder-
+ness, that at her pleasure snufteth up the
+wind; her lust — who can turn this away? all
+they that seek her will not weary themselves;
+in her month will they tind her.
+
+25 "Prevent'^ thy foot from being unshod,
+and thy tliroat from being thirsty ;" but thou
+saidst, It is useless ;" no, for I have loved
+strangers, and after them will I go.
+
+26 As the thief is ashamed when he is
+found, so have the house of Israel been made
+ashamed, they, their kings, their princes, and
+their priests, and their prophets,
+
+' Easlii ; but Redak, " thou wanJerest about."
+
+' The natron of Egypt, which is found in several lake?
+in the south-western part of the Delta of the Nile, and
+elsewhere ; but not the 7iUre of commerce.
+
+° i. e. Constantly pursuing the same path. The prophet
+reproves Israel for their prononess to idolatry, their disre-
+gard of God's word, and their shameless desire to imitate
+the customs of the Gentiles.
+
+'' Lit. " Withhold thy foot from barefootednesa, and thy
+throat from thirst." Jonathan, " Withdraw thy foot from
+a union with the nations, and thy mouth from the wor-
+shipping of their errors."
+
+• i. e. The prophetic advice is useless.
+
+' Jonathan. Kashi, " Wo are severed (from thee);"
+iledak, ''We. have dominion, wo will not," &o. Mena-
+ciiem, " We are come down," ('. r. from our greatness.
+j2i
+
+
+27 Who say to the wood. Thou art my
+father ; and to the stone, Thou hast brought
+us forth; for they have turned their back
+unto me, and not theii-face; but in the time
+of their misfortune will they say. Arise, and
+save us.
+
+28 But where are then thy gods that thou
+hast made for thyself? let them arise, if they
+can save thee in the time of thy misfortune ;
+for equal to the number of thy cities were thy
+"ods, 0 Judah.
+
+29 ^ Wherefore will ye contend with me?
+all of you have transgressed against me, saith
+the Lord.
+
+.30 To no purpose have I smitten youi
+children ; correction they accepted not : your
+sword hath devoured 3'our prophets, like a
+destroying lion.
+
+31 0 (present) generation, regard ye the
+word of the Lord. Have I been a wilderness
+unto Israel ? a land of deep darkness ? where-
+fore say my people, We wander about ■,^ we
+cannot come any more unto thee ?
+
+32 Can a virgin forget her ornament, or a
+Ijride her decorations?^ yet my people have
+forgotten me days without number.
+
+33 Why ornamentest thou thy way to seek
+for love ? trul}' even to the worst ha,st thou
+used thyself as thy ways.*"
+
+34 Also on th}' skirts is found the blood of
+the souls of the innocent needy ones: not
+while breaking in (thy house) didst thou find
+them ; but for all these things.'
+
+35 Yet thou sayest. Yea, I am inno-
+cent, surely his anger is already turned away
+from me. Behold, I will hold judgment
+with thee, because thou sayest, I have not
+sinned.
+
+36 Why makest thou thyself so very
+
+" Michlol Yophi, "necklaces and other jewels which
+arc bound or clasped on." Philipp.son, "girdle."
+
+'' llashi. Philippson, " Why allegest thou thy way to
+be good to acquire love?" (meaning that the Israelites .said
+they had not sinned, and hence deserved divine favour;)
+" truly, even on bad acts hast thou accustomed thy ways."
+Zunz, "Truly, even the worst hast thou taught to know
+thy ways." So also Jonathan and Redak, taking the
+feminine niinn as signifying nations.
+
+' After R:ishi, who explains the last words, "because
+they had reproved thee." It is only necessary to call to
+mind the murder of Zochariah and the ill-usage of the
+|)rophet himself. The death of a thief slain while breaking
+into a house was not punishable. (See Exod. xxii. 1.)
+Rut Redak connects this with the following, thus, " Yet
+fir all these things — thou hast said," &c.
+
+
+JEREMIAH II. III.
+
+
+low" to change thy way ? also because of
+Egypt shalt thou be made ashamed, as thou
+wast put to shame Ijecause of Assyria.
+
+37 Also from this one'' shalt thou go forth,
+with thy hands (clasped) over thy head ; for
+the Lord hath rejected those on whom thou
+trustest and thou shalt not prosper with theui.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 One could say/ Behold, if a man send
+away his wife, and she go from him, and be-
+come another man's, can he return unto her
+again ? would not that land be greatly pol-
+luted? and thou hast played the harlot with
+many companions, and wilt yet return to me,
+saith the Lord.
+
+2 Lift up thy eyes unto the mountain-tojDS,
+and see where tliou hast not been lain with.
+On public roads hast thou sat for them, as
+the Arab in the wilderness; and thou hast
+polluted the land wath thy incests and with
+th}' wickedness.
+
+3 And (though) the early showers were
+withholden, and the latter rain came not : yet
+hadst thou a forehead of an incestuous wife,
+thou refusedst to feel shame.
+
+4 Wilt thou not^ from this time call out
+unto me. My fatlier, the guide of my }'outh
+art thou ?
+
+5 Will he bear grudge for ever ? will he
+keep it to eternity? Behold, thou hast spoken
+(this), and yet hast done the things that are
+evil as much as thou w^ast able.
+
+6 ^ And the Lord said unto me in the
+days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen what
+backsliding Israel hath done? slie is gone
+upon every high mountain and under every
+green tree, and hath played the harlot there.
+
+7 And I thought that after she had done
+all these things, slie would return unto me.
+But she returned not. And this saw her
+treacherous sister Judali.
+
+8 And I saw, that, although because ) jack-
+sliding Israel had committed adulter^' I had
+sent her away, and given her bill of divorce
+
+
+" Rashi and Jouathau. Kedak, wbo is followed by
+Zunz, Eng. version, and others, " Why gaddest thou
+about." — " Egypt and Assyria" — the early kings relied for
+help on Assyria, the later ones on Egypt, and both were
+the cause of evil to Israel and Judah.
+
+^ i. e. Egypt or the nations in general; but Redak,
+"from this place," i.e. Palestine or Jeru.salem.
+
+' See Pent. xxiv. 4.
+
+
+unto her, still treacherous Judah her sister
+feared not, but went and played herself the
+harlot also.
+
+9 And it came to pass through her giddy in-
+cest, that she defiled the land, and committ<?d
+adultery witli stone and with wood.
+
+10 And yet with all this her treacherous
+sister Judah hath not returned unto me with
+all her heart, liut with falsehood, saith the
+Lord.
+
+11^ And the Lord said unto me, The back-
+sliding Israel hath justified herself tln-ough"
+the treacherous Judah.
+
+12 Go and proclaim these words toward
+the north, and sa}'. Return, thou backsliding
+Israel, saith the Loku: I will not cause my
+anger to fall upon you ; ll)r I am fidl of kind-
+ness, saith the Lord, I will not bear grudge
+lor ever.
+
+13 Only acknowledge thy iniquity, that
+against the Lord thy God thou hast rebelled,
+and hast scattered thy ways to the strangers
+under every green tree, and that unto my
+voice ye have not hearkened, saith the Lord.
+
+14 Rettu-n, 0 Ijacksliding children, saith
+the Lord; for I am become 3'our husband ;'^
+and I will take \()U one of a citv, and two of
+a family, and bring 3011 to Zion :
+
+15 And I will give you shepherds after
+my own heart, and they shall feed 3'ou with
+knowledge and intelligence.
+
+16 And it shall come to pass, when ye
+multii)ly and increase in the land, in those
+days, saith the Lord, that men shall not say
+any more, '"The ark of the covenant of the
+Lord;" nor shall it come any more to mind;
+nor shall they remember it ; nor shall they
+mention it; nor shall any thing Ije done*' any
+more (with it).
+
+17 At that time shall they call Jerusalem,
+The throne of the Lord ; and all the nations
+shall be gathered unto it, to the name of the
+Lord, to Jerusalem: and tliey shall not walk
+any more after the stubbornness of their evil
+heart.
+
+
+^ Rashi, who regards this verse as a wish expressed by
+God that Israel might repent. But Zunz, " Is it not SC;
+from that time thou calledst me, jMy father," &c.
+
+■^ Others, " more than."
+
+' Redak, "though I had rejected you;" as if it were
+-rhj.'! "Family" of nations, i.e. a people.
+
+« Zunz, literally, " nor shall Cany such) be made again;"
+alluding to the absence of the ark in the second temple.
+
+
+JEREMIAH 111. IV.
+
+
+18 T[ 111 those days shall the house of Ju-
+dali walk with the house of Israel, and they
+shall come together out of the land of the
+north unto the land that I have given for an
+inheritance unto your fathers.
+
+19 But I had thought, How shall I esta-
+Ijlish" thee among the (other) sons (of man),
+and give thee a desirable land, a heritage of
+glory of the hosts'' of nations? and I thought,
+My father thou wouldst call me, and that
+from me thou wouldst call turn awa3^
+
+20 But truly as a wife treacherously de-
+parteth from her husband, so have ye dealt
+treacherously Avith me, 0 house of Israel,
+saith the Lord.
+
+21 A voice is now heard upon the moun-
+tain-tops, .the supplicatory weeping of the
+children of Israel; for they have perverted
+their way, they have forgotten the Lord their
+God. ^
+
+22 Return, ye backsliding children, I will
+heal your blackslidings. "Behold, we come
+unto thee; for thou art the Lord our God.
+
+23 Truly deceptive was (what we hoped
+for) from the hills, and the multitude on the
+mountains;" truly in the Lord our God is the
+salvation of Israel.
+
+24 And shame hath devoured the acquisi-
+tion of our fathers from our youth, their
+tlocks and their herds, their sons and their
+daughters.
+
+25 We lie down in our shame, and our
+confusion covereth us; for against the Lord
+our God have wc sinned, we and our fathers,
+from our youth even until this day; and we
+have not hearkened to the voice of the Lord
+our God."
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 If thou wilt return, 0 Israel, saith the
+Lord, unto me must thou return ; and if thou
+wilt put away thy abominations out of my
+sight, then shalt thou not wander about (any
+more) .
+
+2 And if thou wilt swear. As the Lord
+liveth, in truth, in justice, and in righteous-
+
+
+" Zunz gives, "How sli;ill I endow thee with children."
+*" Zunz, after Jonathan, "which is an ornament amonc
+
+the ornaments of nations.'
+
+° lleJak. ]3ut Philippson, " Deceptive is what (comoth)
+
+IViim the hills, but noise what conieth from the mountains."
+
+Hills and mountains denote the places where idols were
+
+worshipped.
+
+
+bless themselves in
+they glorify them-
+
+
+ness: tlieii shall nations
+him,'' and in him shall
+selves.
+
+3 ][ For thus hath said the Lord to the
+men of Judali and to Jerusalem, Plough up
+your fallow ground, that ye may not sow
+among thorns.
+
+4 Circumci.se yourselves to the Lord, and
+remove the obduracy of your heart, 0 ye
+men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem :
+lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn so
+that none can quench it, because of the evil
+of your doings.
+
+5 Tell ye in Judah, and publish in Jeru-
+salem, and say, Blow ye the cornet in the
+land : call out, gather together," and say, As-
+semble yourselves, and let us go into the for-
+tified cities.
+
+6 Set up the standard toward Zion; save
+yourselves by flight, stay not; for evil do I
+bring from the north, and a great destruction.
+
+7 The lion is come up from his thicket,
+and the destroyer of nations hath commenced
+his inarch, he is gone forth from his place, to
+make thy land desolate; and thy cities shall
+be laid waste, left without an inhabitant.
+
+8 For this gird yourselves with sackcloths,
+lament and wail; for the fierce anger of the
+Lord is not turned away from us.
+
+9 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+saith the Lord, that the heart of the king
+and the heart of the princes shall fail; and
+the priests shall be astonished, and the pro-
+phets shall wonder.
+
+10 Then said I, Ah, Lord Eternal! surely
+thou hast greatly deceived this people and
+Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall have peace;
+whereas the sword reacheth unto the soul.
+
+11 At that time shall be announced to this
+people and to Jerusalem a dry wind from the
+inonntain-peaks in the wilderness, (coming)
+on the road to the daughter of my people;
+not to winnow, nor to cleanse (the corn),^
+
+12 A strong^ wind from these places shall
+come unto me : now also will I myself pro-
+nounce judgment against thein.
+
+^ i. e. Israel, the nation represented as one individual.
+
+" Philippson and others, "called out aloud."
+
+' After Rashi; meaning, the enemy shall come as the
+dry ilesert wind sweeps over the land, too strong for mere
+winnowing and cleansing the corn.
+
+" Itaslii "A wind full of these (^punishments) shall
+come."
+
+
+JEREMIAH IV. V.
+
+
+13 Behold, like clouds shall he come up,
+and like a whirlwind shall be his chariots:
+swifter than eagles are his horses. " Wo unto
+us! for we are wasted."
+
+14 Wash from wrong doing thy heart, 0
+Jerusalem, in order that thou mayest be
+saved. How long wilt thou let lodge within
+thee the thoughts of thy wickedness ?
+
+15 For a voice declare th from Dan, and
+publisheth unhappiness from the mountain of
+Ej)hraim.
+
+10 Make ye mention of it to the nations;
+behold, let it be heard against Jerusalem, that
+beleaguerers come from a far-ofi' country, and
+send forth their voice against the cities of
+Judah.
+
+17 As keepers of a field are they against
+her round about; because against me hath
+she been rebellious, saith the Lord.
+
+18 Thy way and thy doings have procured
+these things unto thee: this is thy wicked-
+ness, which is so bitter, which so reacheth
+unto thy heart.
+
+19 |[ My bowels, my bowels! I am shaken,
+at the very chambers of my heart ; my heart
+beateth tumultuously in me; I cannot remain
+silent; because the sound of the cornet hast
+thou heard, 0 my soul, the alarm of war.
+
+20 Ruin upon ruin is called out; for the
+whole land is wasted : suddenly are my tents
+\vasted, and in a moment, my curtains.
+
+21 Haw long shall I see the standard, hear
+the sound of the cornet?
+
+22 ][ "Because my people is foolish, me
+have they not known; sottish children are
+they, and they have not any understanding:
+wise are they to do evil, but how to do good
+they do not know."
+
+23 I look at the earth, and, lo, it is with-
+out form and void; and toward the heavens,
+and their light is gone.
+
+24 I look at the mountains, and, lo, they
+tremble, and all the hills are moved.
+
+25 I look, and, lo, there is no man, and all
+the birds of the heavens are lied.
+
+26 I look, and, lo, the fruitful country is a
+wilderness, and all its cities are laid waste
+at the presence of the Lord, because of the
+
+■fierceness of his anger.
+
+
+" Zunz and others, "purple." Others, "crimson."
+'' After Zunz; but literally, " fatigued ;" but when a
+person is exhausted in a contest he must succumb to the
+assailants. Bedak, "I am weary tu bear the great grief
+
+
+27 *i\ For thus hath said the Lord, Deso-
+late shall be the whole laud; yet a full end
+will I not make.
+
+28 ^] For this shall mourn the eai'th, and
+black shall be the heavens above; because I
+have spoken it, I have purposed it, and I will
+not repent, and I will not turn back from it.
+
+29 ][ From the noise of horsemen and
+those that shoot with the bow fleeth tlie
+whole city; they go into thickets, and climb
+up upon the rocks : every city is forsaken,
+and not a man dwelleth therein.
+
+30 And thou, 0 wasted one, what wilt
+thou do? Though thou clothe thyself with
+scarlet," though thou adorn thyself with orna-
+ments of gold, though thou encircle with
+paint thy eyes : in vain shalt thou make thy-
+self beautiful ; the adulterers will despise thee,
+thy life will they seek.
+
+31 For a voice as of a woman in travail
+have I heard, the anguish as of one that
+bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the
+daughter of Zion, that groaneth, that spread-
+eth out her hands, (sa^ying,) "Wo is me now!
+for my soul succumlx'th'' to the murderers."
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ][ Roam about through the streets of
+Jerusalem, and see now, and notice, and
+search in its broad places, if ye can find one
+man, if there be one that executeth justice,
+that searcheth for truth: and I will pardon it.
+
+2 And though they say, "As the Lord liv-
+eth !" surely they only swear to a falsehood.
+
+3 0 Lord, are not thy e^-es (directed) to
+the truth? thou didst strike them, but they
+felt it not; thou didst make an end" of them,
+(3'et) they refused to accept correction : they
+made their faces harder than a rock, they
+refused to return.
+
+4 Yet I myself thought, Oh these are Init
+poor; they are foolish; for they know not the
+way of the Lord, the ordinance of their God.
+
+5 I had Ijetter go unto the great men, and
+let me speak with them; for these surely
+know the way of the Lord, the ordinance of
+their God; but these altogether have broken
+the yoke,"* burst the l«mds.
+
+6 Therefoi'e slayeth them the lion out of
+
+
+which overwhelmeth me because of the multitude of mur-
+derers."
+
+° Eedak, " thou broughtest them near to destruction."
+'' The yoke uf God, i. e, obedience to his will.
+
+6^7
+
+
+JEREMIAH V.
+
+
+the forest, the wolf of the deserts wasteth
+them, the leopard lieth in wait against their
+cities: every one that cometh out thence shall
+be torn in pieces; because many ai'e their
+transgressions, very numerous are their back-
+slidings.
+
+7 How shall I fur this pardon thee? thy
+children have forsaken me, and sworn by
+those that are not gods : when I had fed them
+to the full, they then committed adultery,
+and assembled themselves by troops in the
+harlot's house.
+
+8 As robust horses they rose by times" in
+the morning: every one neighed after the
+wife of his neighboui'.
+
+9 Shall I not for these things inflict punish-
+ment ? saith the Lord : and shall on a nation
+such as this my souP not be avenged ?
+
+10 ^ Scale ye her walls," and destroy;
+but make not a full end: remove her young
+shoots;** for they are not the Lord's.
+
+11 For the house of Israel and the house
+of Judah have dealt very treacherously
+against me, saith the Lord.
+
+12 They have denied the Lord, and said,
+"He existeth not; nor will evil come over us;
+and the sword and fomine shall we not see.
+
+13 And the prophets shall become wind,
+and the word'' is not in them:" thus*^ shall it
+be done unto them.
+
+14 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+the God of hosts. Because ye speak this word,
+behold, I will make my words in thy mouth
+to be a fire, and this people wood, and it shall
+devour them.
+
+15 Lo, I will brnig over you a nation from
+afar, 0 house of Israel, saith the Lord: it is a
+mighty nation, it is a most ancient nation, a
+nation whose language thou wit not know,
+and thou wilt not understand what they
+speak.
+
+16 Their cpiiver is as an open sepulchre:
+they are all mighty men.
+
+17 And they shall consume thy harvest,
+and thy bread; they shall consume thy sons
+
+' Rashi and Redak. Others derive CDt^O from ntyn
+"Arabian," or "of Me-shecb." "Ruliust" is rendered by
+others "woll-fcd."
+
+■• Philippson, simply, "shall I not avenge myself."
+
+" Rashi, "Go into her plains," ku.
+
+•^ Rendered elsewhere, "tendrils." Jonathan, "pa-
+laces." Redak, "battlements."
+
+" Zunz, "for he (God) speaketh not through them."
+J'hilippson, "there is not in them he that speaketh."
+
+
+! and thy daughters; they shall consume thy
+flocks and thy herds; they shall consume thy
+vines and thy fig-trees; they shall depopulate^
+thy fortified cities, those wherein thou trust-
+edst, with the sword.
+
+18 Nevertheless even in those days, saith
+the Lord, will I not make a full end of you.
+
+19 And it shall come to pass, when ye will
+say, For what reason hath the Lord our God
+done all these things unto us? that thou shalt
+say unto them, In the same manner as ye
+have forsaken me, and served strange gods in
+your land, so shall ye serve strangers in a
+land that is not yours.
+
+20 ^f Announce this in the house of Jacob,
+and publish it in Judah. savin"'.
+
+21 Do now hear this, 0 sottish people, who
+have no heart; who have eyes, and see not;
+who have ears, and hear not;
+
+22 Will ye not fear me? saith the Lord;
+will ye not ti'emble at my presence, who have
+placed the sand as a bound for the sea by an
+everlasting law,'' which it can never pass over?
+and though the waves thereof be upheaved,
+yet can they not prevail; though they roar,
+yet can they not pass over it.
+
+23 But this people hath a stubborn and a
+rebellious heart: they have departed (from
+the right) and have gone their way.
+
+24 And they have not said in their heart,
+Let us now fear the Lord our God, that
+giveth rain, the early and the latter rain, in
+its season : the appointed weeks' of the har-
+vest doth he ever preserve for us.
+
+25 Your iniquities have turned away these
+things, and your sins have withhulden what
+is good from you.
+
+26 For there are found among my people
+wicked men : they lie in wait, as he that lay-
+eth'' snares; they set a trap, they catch men.
+
+27 As a coop is full of birds, so are their
+houses full of deceit: therefore are they be-
+come great, and grown rich.
+
+28 They are grown fat,' they are stout;
+yea, they surpass even the deeds of the wick-
+
+' /. c What has been denounced.
+
+8 Zunz, literally, "impoverish," ('. c. of men.
+
+"^ Zunz and others, freely, "as an everlasting barrier."
+
+' Jlichhil Yophi, "the oaths concerning the laws of
+harvest will he ever keep for us." (See Gen. viii. '2'2.)
+
+'' Redak. Rashi, "as the steel trap biteth," /. r. seizes
+with violence the leg of an animal and wounds it
+
+' Parallel of Dout. sxxii. 15. Rashi, "They surpass,"
+with "they even commit," Zunz, "they overflow with."
+
+
+for tlie Coristruotion of the Tertiple.
+
+
+JEREMIAH V. VI.
+
+
+ed: they pronounce no (ju^t) sentence, the
+sentence of the fatherless, that they might"
+prosper; and the cause of tlie needy do they
+not judge.
+
+29 Shall I not lor these things intlict
+punishment? saith the Lord: or shall on a
+nation such as this mv soul not be avenged?
+
+30 ^ An astonishing and horrible thing is
+committed in the land;
+
+31 The prophets prophesy falsely, and the
+priests bear rule by their means; and my
+people love to have it so; but wliat will ye
+do in the end thereof?
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 Assemble, 0 ye children of Benjamin, to
+flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and in
+Tekoii' blow the cornet, and on Beth-hakke-
+rem set up a fire signal; for evil is seen
+(coming) out of the nortli, and great havoc.
+
+2 The comely and the delicate, the daugh-
+ter of Zion do I destroy.
+
+3 Unto her shall come shepherds with
+their flocks; they shall pitch their tents
+against her round about; thev shall feed oft'
+everjf one his own place.
+
+4 Prepai'e ye war against her ! " Arise,
+and let us go up at noon. Wo unto us! for
+the day waneth, for the shadows of the even-
+ing are stretched out.
+
+5 Arise, and let us go up by night, and let
+us destroy lier palaces."
+
+(J ^[ For thus hath said the Lokd of hosts,
+Cut ye down trees, and cast up a mound
+against Jerusalem : this is the city whose
+time of punishment is come; she is full of op-
+pression in her midst.
+
+7 As a well sendeth forth its waters, so
+doth she cause her wickedness to spring forth :
+violence and robbery are heard in her ; in my
+presence there are continually disease and
+wounds.''
+
+8 Be thou instructed," 0 Jerusalem, that
+my soul tear itself not away from thee; that
+
+
+* Kashi. Others, "yet are they (the wiekod) prosper-
+ous."
+
+"' Philippson, "wounds and blows," wliieh tiie wicked
+infliot on the innocent.
+
+■= Zunz, "Improve thyself."
+
+■* /. c. The vintner moves his hand backward and forward
+till he has filled his baskets; so shall be done to Israel,
+destroying multitudes on multitudes.
+
+' "It is easy for the false prophets to utter with their
+3R
+
+
+I render thee not desolate, a land which is
+not inhabited.
+
+9 ^ Thus hatli said the Lord of hosts,
+They shall thorougldy glean like a vine the
+remnant of Israel : carry back th}' hand as a
+grape-gatherer frequently to the baskets.''
+
+10 To whom shall I speak, and give warn-
+ing, that they may hear? behold, their ear is
+uncircumcised, and they cannot be attentive :
+behold, the word of the Lord is become unto
+them a reproach; they have no delight in it.
+
+11 And I am fidl of the fury of the Lord;
+I am weary with sustaining it: (I must) pour
+it out over the child in the street, and over
+the assembly of young men together; for even
+the husband with the wife shall be seized, the
+aged with him that is full of days.
+
+12 And their houses shall be transferred
+unto others, fields and wives together; for I
+will stretch out my hand over the inhabitants
+of tlie land, saith the Lord.
+
+13 For from their least even unto their
+greatest, every one is given to covetousness ;
+and from the prophet even unto the j^riest
+every one practiseth falsehood.
+
+14 And they heal the breach of the daugh-
+ter of my people very lightly," saying. Peace,
+peace : when there is no peace.
+
+1-3 They should have been ashamed, be-
+cause they had conniiitted an abomination ;
+but they neither felt the least shame, nor
+did they know how to l)lush: therefore shall
+they fall among those that fall ; at the time
+that I punish their sin shall they stumble,
+saith the Lord.
+
+16 Tl Thus hath said the Lord, Place your-
+selves on the ways, and see, and ask after the
+ancient paths, where is tlie way which is
+good, that ye may walk thereon, and find rest
+for your soul. But they said. We will not
+walk (thereon).
+
+17 Then did I set watchmen' over you, (say-
+ing,) Listen to the sound of the cornet. But
+they said, We will not listen.
+
+mouth and say, Ye shall have peace, and to heal by
+their speaking the breach which is coming over them." —
+Rashi. This false security, however, was the reverse of
+a cure, as it hastened the downfall which might otherwise
+have been averted.
+
+' Watchmen denote the prophets wiio are to warn the
+people of coming danger, just as sentinels are placed by
+an army to guard against surprise. The danger to Israel
+is sin, its consequence — destruction.
+
+alia
+
+
+jp:remiaii vi. vii.
+
+
+18 Therefore hear, ye nation!?, and know,
+O assembl}', what (guilt)" is among them.
+
+19 Hear, 0 earth ! behold, I will bring evil
+upon this people, the fruit of their thoughts ;
+because unto my words have they not been
+attentive, and as regardeth my law, — that
+have they despised.
+
+20 To what purpose serveth me the frank-
+incense which Cometh from Slieba, and the
+sweet cane from a far-off country ? your burnt-
+oflerings are not acceptable, and your sacri-
+fices are not agreeable unto me.
+
+21 Therefore thus hath said the Lord, Be-
+hold, I will place before this people stumbling-
+blocks, and thereon shall stumble the fathers
+and the sons together, the neighbour and his
+friend, and they shall perish.
+
+22 ]| Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, a
+people is coming from the north country, and
+a great nation shall wake up from the ftxrthest
+ends of the earth.
+
+2-3 Bow and spear shall they firmly grasp;
+cruel are they, and will have no mercy ; their
+voice roareth like the sea ; and upon horses
+do they ride; set in array as one man for the
+war, against thee, 0 daughter of Zion.
+
+24 We have heard the fiime of him — our
+hands grow feeble : anguish hath taken hold
+of us, pain, as of a woman in giving birth.
+
+25 Go not forth into the field, on the road
+must ye not walk; for .(there is) the sword of
+the enemy, terror on every side.
+
+26 0 daughter of my people, gird thyself
+with sackcloth, and roll thyself in the ashes:
+a mourning as for an only son prepare unto
+thee, a most bitter lamentation ; for suddenly
+will the destroyer come over us.
+
+27 I have set thee for a tower'' and a fort-
+ress among my people, that thou mayest
+know and probe their way.
+
+28 They all are grievous revolters, going
+about as talebearers, copper and iron : they
+all are corrupt.
+
+" Jonathan. Obernick, " what shall be done ou them."
+'' So Ra.shi; but the moderns conceive tnu to be "an
+assayer ;" lyno not a " fortres.s," but " metallic ore," — say
+here, "gold," or "silver." Hence Zunz, "I have ap-
+pointed thee an assayer among ray people — the ore — that
+lliou mayest know and pmbc their way," &c. The prophet
+is to decide on their worthiness by seeing whether they
+lolliiw his advice or not. Hence they are condemned, in
+V. 27, for being rebellious against (Jod and false to man,
+as ignoble metals — ^eopper and iron.
+
+" in: rendered liere " Imrnt," is foiiud in Job xxxix.
+OliO
+
+
+29 Tlie liellows are burnt," by the fire the
+lead'' is consumed: in vain the melter refineth;
+for the wicked are not separated away.
+
+.30 Refuse silver men call them; because
+the Lord hath rejected them.
+
+CHAPTER VIL
+
+1 ^ The word that came to Jeremiah from
+the Lord, saj'ing,
+
+2 Place thyself in the gate of the house of
+the Lord, and proclaim there this word, and
+say, Hear the word of the Lord, all ye of Ju-
+dah, that enter in hy these gates to bow down
+before the Lord.
+
+3 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, Amend your ways and your
+deeds, and I will permit you to dwell in this
+place.
+
+4 (But) do not rely on the words of false-
+hood, saying, The temple of the Lord, The
+temple of the Lord, The temple of the Lord,
+(as) they (say)."
+
+5 For if ye thoroughly amend your way s
+and your deeds; if ye thoroughly execute jus-
+tice between a man and his neighbour ;
+
+6 If ye oppress not the stranger, the father-
+less, and the widow, and shed not innocent
+blood in this place, and walk not after other
+gods to your own hurt :
+
+7 Then will I permit you to dwell in this
+place, in the land that I have given to your
+fathers, from eternity to eternity.
+
+8 Behold, ye rely on the words of false-
+hood, that cannot profit.
+
+9 How ? will ye steal, murder, and commit
+adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense
+unto Baal, and walk after other gods of
+which ye have had no knowledge ;
+
+10 And (then) come and stand before my
+presence in this house, which is called^ by my
+name, and say, " We are delivered ;" in order
+to do all these abominations ?
+
+11 Is then this house, which is called by
+
+20, where it means " the snorting" of the hor.se ; hence,
+Philippson, " the bellows puff."
+
+'' " The lead" here spoken of was mixed with the sil-
+ver, as mercury is now, to separate it in a pure state ;
+hence the metaphor will be readilj' understood : the labour
+of purification will be in vain, as the dross (the wicked)
+will not be thereby separated from the pure metal (the
+good).
+
+" Kodak, after whom Zun/ ; but (_)bernick takes non
+for run " is here," " the temple is here."
+
+' lleb. "whercupiiu my name is called,"
+
+
+JEllEMlAll VII.
+
+
+my iiaiiie, become a den of robbers in j^onr
+eyes? (But) I also, behold, I have seen it,
+saith the Lord.
+
+12 For go ye now unto my place which
+was in Shiloh, where I caused my name to
+dwell at the first," and .see what I did unto
+it because of the wickedness of my people
+Israel.
+
+13 And now, whereas ye have done all
+these acts, saith the Lord, and I spoke unto
+you, causing (the prophets) to rise up early
+and speaking, while ye would not hear ; and
+I called you, but ye would not answer :
+
+14 Therefore will I do unto this house,
+which is called by my name, whereon ye rely,
+and unto the place which I have given to
+you and to vour fathers, as I have done to
+Shiloh.
+
+15 And I will cast you out of my presence,
+as I have cast out all your brethren, all the
+seed of Ephraim.
+
+16 ^ But thou — pray not thou in behalf
+of this people, nor lift up in their behalf
+entreaty'' or prayer, nor make intercession"
+to me ; for I will not hear thee.
+
+17 Dost thou not see what thev are doing
+in the cities of Judah and in the streets of
+Jerusalem ?
+
+18 The children gather wood, and the
+fathers kindle the fire, and the women knead
+dough, to make cakes for the queen of heaven,
+and they pour out drink-oflerings unto other
+gods, in order to provoke me to anger.
+
+19 Do they provoke me to anger? saith
+the Lord, (and) not themselves, to the shame
+of their own faces ?
+
+20 Tf Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold m\ anger and my fui-y shall
+be poured out upon this place, over man, and
+over beast, and over the trees of the field, and
+over the fruit of the ground; and it shall
+burn, and it shall not be quenched.
+
+21 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, Add your burnt-ort'eriiigs unto
+your peace-sacrifices, and eat the Hesh thereof.
+
+22 For I spoke not Avith your lathers, and
+I commanded them not on the day of my
+
+
+" Before the temple of Jerusalem was built. Rashi
+refers the prophet's allusion to the events in the time of
+'Eli.
+
+'' Philippson. Redak, "cry."
+
+' Zunz, "urge me imt;" i, <■, " ask nut urgently."
+
+
+bringing them out of the land of Egypt,'' con-
+cerning burnt-ofl'eiing or sacrifice;
+
+23 But this thing did I command them,
+saying. Hearken to my voice, and I will be
+unto you for a God, and ye shall be unto me
+for a people; and walk ye altogether" on the
+way which I may conniiand you, in order
+that it may be well unto you.
+
+24 Yet they hearkened not, and inclined
+not their ear; but they walked in the coun-
+sels, in the stubbornness of their evil heart;
+and they went backward, and not forward:
+
+25 Since the day that your fathers came
+forth out of the land of Egypt until this day;
+and I sent unto you all my servants the pro-
+phets, sending them daily in the morning
+early; ^
+
+20 Yet they hearkened not unto me, and
+inclined not their ear; but they hardened
+their neck; they did vrorse than their fathers.
+
+27 And if thou speak unto tliem all these
+words, and they will not hearken to thee ;
+and if thou call unto them, and they will not
+answer thee :
+
+28 Then shalt thou say unto them, This is
+the nation that hearken not to the voice of
+the Lord their God, and accept not correc-
+tion; lost is the truth, and is obliterated
+from their mouth.
+
+29 T] Cut ofi' thy flowing hair, and cast it
+away, and take up on mountain-tops a lament-
+ation ; for rejected hath the Lord and forsaken
+the generation of his wrath.
+
+30 For the children of Judah have done
+what is evil in my eyes, saith the Lord: they
+have set up their abominations in the house
+which is called by my name, to pollute it.
+
+31 And they have built the high-places of
+Thophet, which is in the \'alley of Ben-hin-
+nom, to burn their sons and their daughters
+in the fire ; which I had not commanded, and
+which never came into my mind.'
+
+32 ^ Therefore, behold days are coming,
+saith the Lord, that it shall not be called any
+more Thophet, or The Aalley of Ben-hinnom,
+but The valley of slaughter: and they shall
+bury in Thophet, for want of room.
+
+'' " The first condition was only, ' If you will hearken to
+my voice and keep my covenant, then shall you be to mc
+a peculiar treasure.' (Exod. xix. 5.)" — Rashi.
+
+° Lit. " on all the way."
+
+' Lit. "heart,"
+
+&31
+
+
+JEREMIAH VII. VIII.
+
+
+33 And the carcas.ses of this people shall
+become food unto the fowls of tlie heavens,
+and unto the beasts of the earth, with none
+to chase them away.
+
+34 And I will cause to cease from the
+cities of Judah, and from the streets of Jeru-
+salem, the voice of gladness, and the voice of
+jov, the voice of tlie bridegroom, and the
+voice of the bride; for a desert shall the land
+become.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 At that time, saith the Lord, shall they
+bring out the bones of the kings of Judah,
+and the bones of his princes, and the Iwnes
+of the priests, and the bones of the prophets,
+and the bones of the inhabitants of Jerusalem,
+out of their graves.
+
+2 And they shall spread them out before
+the sun, and the moon, and all the host of
+heaven, which they liave loved, and which
+they have served, and after which they have
+walked, and which they have sought, and to
+which they have prostrated tliemselves : they
+shall not be gathered up, and they shall not
+be buried ; dung upon the face of the ground
+shall they become.
+
+3 And' death shall Ije preferable to life, for
+all the residue of those that are left of this
+evil family, who are left in all the places
+whither I shall have driven them, saith the
+LoKD of hosts.
+
+4 And thou shalt say unto them. Thus
+liath said the Lord, Shall they fall, and not
+arise ? will he turn away," and not return ?
+
+5 Why then remaineth this people, Jeru-
+salem, rebellious by a perpetual back.sliding ?
+tliey hold fast on tleceit, they refuse to return.
+
+G I listened and heard, but they would not
+speak aright; no man repented him of his
+wickedness, saying. What have I done ? every
+one turned again to his course, as the impetu-
+ous horse in the battle.
+
+7 Yea, tlie stork"" in tln' heavens knoweth
+lier appointed times ; and the turtle, and the
+swallow, and the crane observe the time of
+their coming home; l)ut my people know not
+tlie ordinance of the Lord.
+
+
+' Rashi, "will ho (Gud) not turu from the evil decree
+if he (the people) return?"
+
+'' The iiiijrrafdry birds always return at rertaiu seasons.
+
+" Kodak ; but Philippson, "Vainly laboured the vain
+Blvle of the writers." Kashi, " It is forfalseiiood to make
+632
+
+
+8 How can ye say, We are wise, and the
+law of the Lord is with us? Truly, behold in
+vain wrought" the pen, in vain the writers.
+
+9 The wise men are ashamed, they are
+discouraged and caught : lo, the word of the
+Lord have they rejected ; and wdiat wisdom
+have they (now) ?
+
+10 Therefore will I give their wives unto
+others, their fields to conquerors;'^ for from
+the least even unto the greatest, every one is
+seeking his own gain : from the prophet even
+unto the priest every one practiseth false-
+hood.
+
+11 And they heal the breach of the daugh-
+ter of my people very lightly, saying, Peace,
+peace : when there is no peace.
+
+12 They should have been ashamed, be-
+cause they had committed abomination; but
+they neither felt the least shame, nor did
+tliey know how to blush: therefore shall they
+fall among those that fall; at the time of their
+punishment shall they stumble, saith the
+Lord.
+
+13 1[ I will surely make an end of them,
+saith the Lord : (there shall be left) no grapes
+on the vine, and no figs on the fig-tree, and
+the leaf shall wither; and the things that
+I have gi\'en them shall pass away from
+them.''
+
+14 " Why do we sit still? assemble your-
+selves, and let us enter into the fortilicd
+cities, and let us be silent there; for the Lord
+our God hath put us to silence, and given us
+poison-water to drink ; because we have sin-
+ned against the Lord.
+
+15 We hoped for peace, but no ha]i[)iiiess
+is here ; for a time of cure, and behold here is
+terror."
+
+16 From Dan was heard the snorting of
+his horses; at the sound of the neighing of
+his war-steeds trenil)letli the a\ hole land : and
+they are come, and devour the land, and all
+that filleth it; the city, and those that dwell
+therein.
+
+17 For, behold, I will send out against
+you serpents, basilisks, for which there is no
+charm, and they sliall bite you, saith the
+Lord.
+
+the false pen of the writers (of your prophets) who deeeivc
+
+"* Lit. " heirs;" here, " those that are heirs by force.
+" Redak. Jonathan, " because I gave them laws from
+Sinai whi<'h ihoy transgressed."
+
+
+JEREMIAH VIII. IX.
+
+
+18 1[ When" I would cheer myself up
+against sorrow, my heart within me is pained.
+
+19 Behold (I hear) the voice of the com-
+plaint of the daughter of my people (coming)
+out of a f\\r-ofF land : " Is the L( )Ri) not in Zion ?
+is her king no more in her?" " Wliv have they
+provoked me to anger Avitli their graven
+images, and with the vanities of the stranger?"
+
+20 '• The harvest is past, the summer is
+ended, and we are not yet helped."
+
+21 Because of the breach of the daughter
+of my people am I liroken : I am grieved ; as-
+tonishment hath taken fast hold on me.
+
+22 Is there no (more) l>alm in Gil'ad? or
+is no physician there ? why then is there not
+placed a plaster (on the wound of) the daugh-
+ter of my ]3eople ?^'
+
+23" ^[ Oh that one would make my head
+water, and my eyes a fountain of tears, that
+1 might weep day and night for the slain of
+the daughters of my people !
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 Oh that one w^ould place me in the wil-
+dernes.s in a lodging-place of wayfaring men,
+that I might leave my peojile, and go from
+them! for all of tliem are adulterers, a band
+of traitors.
+
+2 And they bend their tongues, their bow
+of falsehood, and not for the truth are they
+valiant in the land; for from evil to evil do
+the_y proceed, and me they know not, saith
+the Lord.
+
+3 ^ Take ye heed every one of his neigh-
+bour, and on any brother place ye no reliance ;
+for every brother will sui'ely supplant, and
+every neighbour will go about as a tale-
+bearer.
+
+4 And they will deceive every one his
+neighl)our, and the truth will they not speak :
+they have taught their tongue to speak false-
+hood, they weary themselves to commit ini-
+
+q"i_ty-
+
+5 Thy habitation is in the midst of deceit:
+through deceit they refuse to know me, saith
+the Lord.
+
+
+" Tlie words of the prophet, who deplores the sorrow
+of his people : he finds no relief, no cheerfulness, because
+the first evils are past, as more are coming. So Rashi.
+But others, " Though he should saj-, the punishment was
+deserved, still their complaint pains his heart."
+
+" Rashi. Zunz, " why then doth the cure of the
+daughter of my people not succeed ?"
+
+
+6 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts, Behold, I will melt them, and probe
+them ; tor how (else) shall I do because of
+the daughter of my people?
+
+7 A murderous' arrow is their tongue;
+(every one) speaketh deceit : with his mouth
+speaketh he peaceably to his neighbour, but in
+his heart" he layeth wait' for him.
+
+8 Shall I not for these things intlict pu-
+nishment on them? saith the Lord: or shall
+not on a nation such as this my soul be
+avenged ?
+
+9 ^ For*^ the mountains will I take up a
+weeping and wailing, and lor the ha!)itations''
+of the wilderness a lamentation ; because they
+are burnt up, so that no man can pass througli
+them; and they hear not the voice of the catr
+tie: both the fowls of the heavens and the
+beasts are Hed ; they are gone away.
+
+10 And I will change Jerusalem into heaps
+of ruins, a dwelling for monsters ; and the
+cities of Judah will I make desolate, without
+an inhabitant.
+
+11 ^f Who is the wise man, that may
+undei'stand this ? and who is he to whom the
+month of the Lord hath spoken, that he may'
+declare it: lor what is the land destroyed,
+burnt up like the wilderness, without one
+that passeth through ?
+
+12 1[ And the Lord said, Becau.se they
+forsook my law -which I had set before them,
+and hearkened not to my voice, and walked
+not therein ;
+
+13 But have walked after the stubbornness
+of their own heart, and after the Be'alim,
+which their iiithers had taught them.
+
+14 ^ Therefore thus liatli said the Lord of
+hosts, the (lod of Israel, Behold, I will feed
+them — this people, with wormwood, and give
+them poison-water to drink.
+
+15 And I will scatter them among the na-
+tions, whom neither they nor their lathers
+have known: and I will send out after them
+the sword, till I have consumed them.
+
+16 ^ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts.
+Consider it well, and call for the mourning
+
+
+' In the English version this is ver.se 1 of chap. ix.
+■^ Or, according to others, "an arrow shot forth."
+' Lit. " within him," or " in his midst."
+' I. e. He contrives plans to injure him.
+'Rashi. Others, " upon."
+
+^ Others, " pastures;" but the huts of the shepherds on
+the desert presuppose pasture-land.
+
+
+JEREMIAH IX. X.
+
+
+women,'' that they may come; and send for
+the women skilled in lament,*" that they may
+come ;
+
+17 And let them make haste, and take ujj
+for us a lamentation, that our eyes may run
+down with tears, and our eyelids drop down
+water.
+
+18 For a voice of wailing is heard out of
+Zion, How are we wasted! we are greatly
+ashamed; because we have forsaken the land,
+because they have cast down" our dwellings.
+
+19 For hear, 0 ^^e women, the word of the
+Lord, and let your ear perceive the word of
+his mouth, and teach your daughters wailing,
+and every one her neighbour lamentation.
+
+20 For death is come up through our win-
+dows, is entered into our palaces ; to cut off
+the children from the street, the yovmg men
+from the o]3en places.
+
+21 Speak, Thus saith the Lord, Yea, the
+carcasses of men shall lie as dung upon the
+open field, and as the sheaves (left) after
+the harvestman, with none to gather them.
+
+22 *i\ Thus hath said the Lord, Let not
+the wise glorify himself in his wisdom, neither
+let the mighty man glorify himself in his
+might, let not the rich glorify himself in his
+riches ;
+
+23 But let him that glorifieth himself glory
+in this, that he understandeth and knoweth
+me, that I am the Lord who exercise kind-
+ness, justice, and righteousness, on the earth;
+for'' in these things I delight, saith the Lord.
+
+24 T[ Behold, days ai'e coming, saith the
+Lord, that I will send punishment on all the
+circumcised who are (yet) uncircumcised;"
+
+25 On Egypt, and on Judah, and on Edom,
+and on the children of 'Amnion, and on Moiib,
+and all who have the locks of their hair cut
+off round' that dwell in the wilderness; for
+all these nations are uncircuincised, and all
+the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the
+heart.
+
+• Those whose office it was to sing mournful dirges,
+and make public lamentations at funerals. This was a
+custom among the (Jrccks and llomans, as well as the
+Hclirews.
+
+•■ After Redak. Lit. "wise women," it. with refer-
+ence to the business of making lamentations.
+
+° Or, as some render, "our dwellings have cast (us)
+out;" and refer to Lev. xviii. 25, &c.
+
+" Zunz, "that."
+
+' Ra.shi, "on every circumcised who is uncircumcised
+even as regards the heart." The prophet thus first de-
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ Hear ye the word which the Lord
+hath spoken concerning you, 0 house of Is
+rael :
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord, Do not habi-
+tuate yourselves on the way of the nations,
+and at the signs of the heavens be ye not
+dismayed ; although the nations should be
+dismayed at them.
+
+3 For the statutes of these people concern
+what is vanity; for it is but a tree which a
+man hath cut out of a forest, the work of the
+hands of the workman, with the axe.
+
+4 With silver and Avith gold do they orna-
+ment it; with nails and with hammers do
+they fasten it, that it move not from its place.
+
+5 As a wrought-out palm-like" column are
+they, and cannot speak; they must needs ]je
+borne, because they cannot step along. Be
+not afraid of them ; for they cannot do any
+harm, so also to do any good is not in
+them.
+
+6 ^ Forasmuch as there is none like unto
+thee, 0 Lord: thou (alone) art great, and
+great is thy name in might.
+
+7 Who would not fear thee, 0 King of the
+nations ? for to thee doth it apjjertain ; because
+among all the wise men of the nations, and
+in all their kingdoms, (they say) there is none
+like unto thee.
+
+8 But at once'' shall they be shown to be
+brutish and foolish: it is a doctrine of va-
+nities, it concerneth but wood.
+
+9 The beaten out silver is brought from
+Tharshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work
+of the workman, and of the hands of the gold-
+smith:' blue and purple is their clothing; the
+work of skilful men are they all.
+
+10 But the Lord God is the truth, he is
+the living God, and the everlasting king: at
+his wrath the earth shall quake, and nations
+cannot endure his indignation.
+
+
+nounces the Israelites, who, having the law of God, still
+are obdurate and sinful.
+
+' Descriptive of the Arabs, who so wear their hair; but
+Rashi, "who dwell separate in a corner," L «. the Arabian
+peninsula.
+
+8 Philippson. Rashi, "till they be as high as a palm."
+Li the East the columns frequently represent palm-trees.
+
+^ Rashi, "through one thing," "they shall be corrected
+for their wooden idol." Philippson renders nriN^l "in
+their union."
+
+' Lit. " melter," because he works by melting his metals
+
+
+JEREMIAH X. XI.
+
+
+11 ^ Thus" shall ye say unto them, The
+gods that have not made the heavens and the
+earth, sliall perish aw.ay from the earth, and
+I'roni under these heavens.
+
+12 ][ He** made the earth by his power, he
+estabhshed the world by his wisdom, and by his
+understanding he stretched out the heavens.
+
+lo At° the sound when he giveth a multi-
+tude of waters in the heavens, and causetli
+clouds to ascend from the ends of the earth ;
+when he maketh lightnings with rain, and
+bi'ingeth forth the wind out of his treasures :
+
+1-1 Then standeth every man as brutish
+without knowledge; ashamed is every gold-
+smith because of the graven image; for talse-
+hood is his molten work, and there is no
+breath therein.
+
+15 They are vanity, the work of deception;
+in the time of their punishment shall they
+vanish.
+
+16 Not like these is the portion of Jacob;
+for he is the former of all things; and Israel
+is the tribe of his inheritance : The Lord of
+hosts is his name.
+
+17 ][ Gather up thy wares from the ground,
+
+0 inhabitress of the beleagured city.
+
+18 ][ For thus hath said the Lord, Behold,
+
+1 will cast forth as with a sling- the inhaljit-
+antjs of the land at this time, and I will en-
+close them, in order that they'' may find them.
+
+19 ^ Wo is me for my breach! my wound
+is painful; but I thought, This is but pain,
+and 1 shall be able to bear it.
+
+20 (But now) my tent is laid waste, and
+all my cords are torn asunder; my children
+ai'e gone away from me, and they are not
+(here); there is no one to stretch forth my
+tent any more, and to set up my curtains.
+
+21 For the shepherds were brutish, and
+the Lord had they not sought; therefore have
+they not prospered, and all their flocks are
+scattered.
+
+22 Behold, the noise of the report is come,
+and a great commotion out of the north
+count r}-, to render the cities of Judah deso-
+late, a dwelling for monsters.
+
+23 I know, 0 Lord, that the way of man
+
+' This verse (x. 11) is in the Chaldean language, aud
+is, according to Jonathan, a part of a letter sent by Jere-
+miah to the exiles of Babylon, giving them the words they
+should use to reply to the heathens, when asked to wor-
+ship their idols.
+
+^ In continuation of verse 10.
+
+
+is not in his own power: it is not ni man
+that passeth away to direct his own steps.
+
+24 Correct me, 0 Lord, but with justice;
+not in thy anger, lest thou bi-ing me to no-
+thing.
+
+25 Pour out thy fury over the nations that
+know thee not, and over the families that
+have not called on thy name; for they have
+eaten up Jacob, and devoured him, and con-
+sumed him, and have made his dwelling deso-
+late.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 ^ The word that came to Jeremiah from
+the Lord, saying,
+
+2 Hear ye the words of this covenant, and-
+speak unto the men of Judali, and to the in-
+habitants of Jerusalem ;
+
+3 And say thou unto them, Thus hath
+said the Lord God of Israel, Cursed be the
+man thathearkeneth not to the words of this
+covenant,
+
+4 Which I commanded your fathers on the
+day that I brought them forth out of the land
+of Egypt, out of the iron fin-nace,° saying.
+Hearken to my voice, and do the same, in ac-
+cordance with all which I may command
+you ; and so shall ye be to me for a people,
+and I will be to you for a God;
+
+5 In order that I may fulfil the oath which
+I have sworn unto your fathers, to give unto
+them a land flowing with milk and honey, as
+it is this day. And I answered, and said, So
+be it,' 0 Lord.
+
+6 ^ Then said the Lord unto me, Proclaim
+all these words in the cities of Judah, and in
+the streets of Jerusalem, saying. Hear ye the
+words of this covenant, and do them.
+
+7 For I earnestly warned your fathers on
+the day that I brought them up out of the
+land of Egypt even until this day, sending
+out early and warning, saying. Hearken to my
+voice ;
+
+8 Yet they hearkened not, and inclined not
+their ear, but walked every one in the stub-
+bornness^ of their evil heart: thereibre did I
+bring over them all the words of this cove-
+
+° Philippson, after Rashi; making verse 14 the sequel
+of 13. tipn is given by Zunz with "rushing noise."
+
+'' (■. e. The enemies; but Rashi, "I will distress tliera
+that they may find (the reward of their deeds)."
+
+" lO rendered "crucible" iu Isaiah xlviii. 10.
+
+' Heb. amen. ^ Eng. ver. "imagination."
+
+0-35
+
+
+JEREMIAH XL XII.
+
+
+nant, which I commanded them to do; but
+which they did not.
+
+9 ^ And the Lord said unto me, A con-
+spiracy hath been found among the men of
+Judah, and among the inhabitants of Jerusa^
+lem.
+
+10 They are returned" again to the iniqui-
+ties of their earher forefathers, who had re-
+fused to hearken to my words; and they them-
+selves are (also) gone after other gods to
+serve them : the house of Israel and the house
+of Judah have broken my covenant which I
+made with tlieir fathers.
+
+11 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord,
+Behold. I will bring an evil upon them, from
+which they shall not be able to rid them-
+selves ;'' and they will cry unto me, but I will
+not hearken unto them.
+
+12 Then let the cities of Judah and the in-
+liabitants of Jerusalem go, and cry unto the
+gods imto whom they ofter incense; but they
+shall not save them in the least in the time
+of their distress.
+
+13 For equal to the number of thy cities
+were thy gods, 0 Judah; and equal to the
+number of the streets of Jerusalem have ye
+set up altars to the disgraceful idol, altars, to
+burn incen.se unto Ba'al.
+
+14 1[ But thou — thou must not pray in
+behalf of this people, neither lift up in their
+behalf entreaty or prayer; for I will not hear
+at the time that they call unto me, because
+of their distress.
+
+15 ^ What hath my beloved to do in my
+house, while she executeth the evil counsel
+
+.of so many (sinners)? Yea, the holy flesh
+passeth away from thee; for even with tliy
+wickedness, tliou rejoicest still.''
+
+IG An ever-green olive-tree, beautiful in
+fruit and form, did the Lord call thy name :
+with the noise of a great tumult hath he
+
+
+* A great reformation had taken place in the reign of
+Josiah ; but, under the reign of his son and successors,
+they turned back again to idolatry, and became worse
+than ever.
+
+■> Heb. "go forth out of."
+
+" This very difficult verse has been given after Kashi ;
+who takes the lulovcd to be " Israel," who are also spoken
+of as sh: and thati, (in the feminine,) a change of person
+not unusual with the pmphets. Philippson understands
+by the beloved the "prciphet," who was ordered not to
+pray for the people, and is told he has no business in
+God's house after the people have so defiled it. Rashi
+takes "the holy flesh" to mean circumcision, which it is
+5.30
+
+
+kindled (ire around it, and they break off
+its branches.
+
+17 And the Lord of hosts, that planted
+thee, hath decreed evil against thee; on ac-
+count of the wickedness of the house of Israel
+and of the house of Judah, which they have
+done against themselves, to provoke me to
+anger in offering incense unto Ba'al.
+
+18 ^ And the Lord hath given me know-
+ledge of it, and I know it : then didst thou let
+me see their doings.
+
+19 But I was like a sheep'' or an ox that
+is brought to the slaughter; and I knew not
+that they had devised devices against me,
+" Let" us destroy the tree with its fruit, and let
+us cut liim off from the land of the living, that
+his name may not be remembered any more."
+
+20 ^f But', O Lord of hosts, tliat judgest
+righteously, that triest the reins and the
+heart, let me see thy vengeance on them ; lor
+unto thee have I intrusted*^ my cause.
+
+21 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+concerning the men of 'Anathoth, that seek
+thy life, saying, " Thou shalt not prophesy in
+the name of the Lord, that thou mayest not
+die by our hand :"'
+
+22 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts, Behold, I will inflict punishment on
+them : the young men shall die by the sword ;
+their sons and their daughters shall die by
+the famine;
+
+23 And no remnant shall remain of them ;
+for I will bring evil upon the men of 'Ana-
+thoth, in the year of their punishment.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 (Too) righteous art thou, 0 Lord, that I
+could plead with thee ; yet must I speak of
+(the principles of) justice with thee : Where-
+fore is the way of the wicked happy? do all
+those pros^Der that deal treacherously ?
+
+
+alleged they had neglected. Redak applies it to the sacri-
+fices, and it then means, " the sacrifices pass away u.se-
+lessly," because while sinning the Israelites rejoiced.
+Others take Ityn to mean "man," hence B'np "isyj "the
+holy men" who had ceased to exist. Philippson so trans-
+lates: "What hath my beloved in my house, where so
+many perform scandalous deeds '! The holj- flesh pas.seth
+by before thee; for at thy wickedness, there thou rejoicest
+still."
+
+^ Zuuz, " harmless lamb." Jonathan, "a chosen lamb."
+Our version, "sheep or ox," is after Rashi and Redak.
+
+" These are the words of the resolve against Jeremiah.
+
+' Lit. "laid open."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XII. Xllt.
+
+
+'2 Tliou hast planted tlu'iu; the}' have also
+taken root; they grow; they also bring forth
+fruit: thou art near in their mouth, and far
+from their mind."
+
+3 But thou, 0 Lord, knowest me; thou
+seest me. and prohest my heart toward thee:
+set them apart like slieep for the slaughter,
+and destine them for the day of slaying.
+
+4 ^ How long shall the land mourn, and
+the herb of all the field wither? Because of the
+wickedness of those that dwell therein are
+wholly removed the beasts and the birds ; be-
+cause the}' said, lie will not see our last end.
+
+5 If thou hast run with the footmen, and
+they have wearied thee, how then canst thou
+contend with the horses? and if in the land of
+peace, (whei-ein) thou trustedst, (they wearied
+thee,)'' how then wilt thou do in the swelUng
+of the Jordan ?
+
+6 For even thy brethren, and the house of
+thy father, — even they have dealt treacher-
+ously with thee ; yea, even they have called
+forth a crowd of men" after thee : believe them
+not, though they speak kindly unto thee.
+
+7^1 have forsaken my house, I have
+abandoned my heritage; I have given up the
+most dearly beloved of my soul into the hand
+of her enemies.
+
+8 My heritage is become unto me as a lion
+in the forest; it sent forth its voice against
+me : therefore do I hate it.
+
+9 Is my heritage become unto me as a bird
+of prey stained with blood ?■* so that the birds
+of i^rey are all around it? Come ye, assemble
+all the beasts of the field, bring them hither
+to devour.
+
+10 Many shepherds have destroyed my
+vineyard, they have trodden under foot my
+field, they have rendered my pleasant field a
+desolate wilderness.
+
+11 Tliey have made it a desert, and being
+desolate it mourneth before me: the whole
+land is made desolate, because no man laid it
+to heart.
+
+12 Over all the mountain-peaks in the
+wilderness did the destroyers come; for the
+sword of the Lord devoureth from the one
+
+* Zuuz. Lit. " reins."
+
+"" After Rashi; but others, "and in a land of peace
+thou seekest security, what then wilt thou do against the
+pride of the Jordan '!" which last phrase Rashi, after Jona-
+than, explains to be the wild animals, lions and tigers, that
+are found there, figurative for the chiefs of Judah.
+33
+
+
+end of the land even to the other end of the
+land: there is no jseace to any flesh.
+
+13 Tl They have sown wheat, but they
+reap thorns; they have put themselves to
+pain, (but) have no profit : be therefore
+ashamed of your products, because of the
+fierce anger of the Lord.
+
+14 ][ Thus hath said the Lord against all
+my bad neighl)(jurs, that toucli" the inherit-
+ance which I have caused my people Israel
+to inherit. Behold, I will pluck them out of
+their land, and the house of Judah will I pluck
+out from the midst of tliem.
+
+15 And it shall come to pass, that, after I
+have plucked them out, I will again*^ have
+mercy on them, and will restore them, every
+man to his heritage, and every man to his
+land.
+
+16 And it shall come to pass, if they will
+truly learn the ways of my people, to swear
+by ray name. As the Lord liveth ; as they
+had taught my people to swear by Ba'al :
+that they shall then be built up in the midst
+of my people.
+
+17 But if they will not hearken, then will
+I pluck out that nation, plucking out and ex-
+terminating (them), saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ^ Thus said the Lord unto me. Go and
+buy thee a linen girdle, and put it around
+thy loins, and lay it not in water.
+
+2 So I bought the girdle, according to the
+word of the Lord, and put it around my loins.
+
+3 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me the second time, saying,
+
+4 Take the girdle that thou hast bought,
+which is around thy loins; and arise, go to
+the Euphrates, and hide it there in a cleft of
+the rock.
+
+5 So I went, and hid it by the Euphrates,
+as the Lord had commanded me.
+
+6 T[ And it came to pass at the end of
+many days, that the Lord said unto me,
+Arise, go to the Euphrates, and take from
+there the girdle, which I commanded thee
+to hide there.
+
+
+° Rashi. Others, " with a full voice," -i. e. loudly.
+
+* Others take |'UX not as Rashi, stained or painted with
+blood, but as signifying the hyajna, " the striped" or
+"painted beast."
+
+° i. e. " Lay violent hands on," &e.
+
+' Lit. "I will return and have mercy."
+
+537
+
+
+JEREMIAH XIII. XI V.
+
+
+7 And I went to the Euphrates, and dug,
+and took the girdle from the pLace where I
+had hidden it: and, behold, the girdle was
+spoiled, it was useful for nothing.
+
+8 ][ Then came the word of the Lord unto
+me, saying,
+
+9 Thus hath said the Lord, After this '
+manner will I destroy the pride of Judah,
+and the pride of Jerusalem, which is great. !
+
+10 And this bad people, who refuse to
+hearken to my words, who walk in the stub-
+bornness of their heart, and have followed
+other gods, to serve them, and to bow down
+to them, shall even be as this girdle which is !
+useful for nothing.
+
+11 For as the girdle cleaveth to the loins;
+of a man, so had I caused to cleave unto me
+all the house of Israel and all the house of
+Judali, saith the Lord, — to become unto me a
+people, and (to be) for a name, and for praise,
+and for honour; but they W'Ould not hear.
+
+12 Therefore shalt thou sa}' unto them
+this word, Thus hath said the Lord the God of
+Israel. Every bottle shall be filled with wine :
+and when they will say unto thee. Do w^e not
+know full well that every bottle shall be filled
+with wine?
+
+13 ^ Then shalt thou say unto them. Thus
+hath said the Lord, Behold, I will fill all the
+inhaljitants of this land, even the kings that
+sit after David upon his throne, and the
+priests, and the prophets, and all the inhabit-
+ants of Jerusalem, with drunkenness.
+
+14 And I will dash them one against the
+other, even the fathers and the sons together,
+saith the Lord: I will not pity, nor spare,
+nor have mercy, so as not to destroy them.
+
+15 Hear ye, and bend your ear: be not
+proud; for the Lord hath spoken.
+
+16 Give unto the Lord your God glory, be-
+fore he cause darkness, and before your feet
+strike upon the mountains of twilight, and
+(where), while ye look for light, he turn it
+into the shadow of death, and change it into
+gross darkness.
+
+
+' Rashi, who refers it to Jehoyaehiii. Philippson trans-
+lates it in the same way, but supposes that Josiah and his
+niiither are meant. Others, "queen."
+
+'' Kashi, "without resistance," "po.aceahly." Jona-
+than, "in recompense of its sins." The difficulty is in
+the wiird D'OlSiy, which can be rendered as an adverb,
+"cnmpletcly," or as derived from Dl'7B' s/ta/om, "peace,"
+or DlSiy sliiZ/um, "recompense."
+538
+
+
+17 But if .ye will not hear it, mj' soul shall
+weep in secret places because of (your) pride;
+and my eye shall weep sorely, and run down
+with tears, because the flock of the Lord is
+driven away captive.
+
+18 ^ Say unto the king and to the queen-
+mother," Sit down very lowly; for sunk down
+are your head-attires, the crown of your orna-
+ment.
+
+19 The cities of the south are shut up, and
+there is no one to open them : Judah is car-
+ried away into exile altogether, it is carried
+into exile completely .''
+
+20 ][ Lift up your eyes, and see those that
+are coming from the north : where is the flock
+that was given thee, thy splendid flock ?
+
+21 What wilt thou say when he 'will pu-
+nish thee? since thou hast accustomed' them
+to be over thee captains, and chiefs? shall not
+pangs seize upon thee, as on a woman in tra-
+vail?
+
+22 And if thou wilt say in thy heart.
+Wherefore come these things upon me? For
+the greatness of thy iniquity are thy skirts
+laid open, thy heels are made bare violently.
+
+2.3 Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or
+the leopard his spots? (then) may ye also do
+good, that are accustomed to do evil.
+
+24 Therefore will I scatter them as the
+stubble that passeth away before the wind of
+the wilderness.
+
+2-5 This is thy lot, the portion of thy mea-
+sures from me, saith the Lord; because thou
+hast forii'otten me, and trusted in falsehood.
+
+26 Therefore do I also strip up thy skirts
+over thy face, that thy shame may be seen.
+
+27 Thy adulteries and thy loud shoutings,*
+the lewdness of thy incest, thy abominations
+on the hills in the fields have I seen. Wo
+unto thee, 0 Jerusalem! thou wilt not be
+made clean after ever so long a time.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ^ The word of the Lord that came to
+Jeremiah concerning the drought.
+
+
+° The prophet refers to the frequent calls for foreign
+aid, by which the enemies had been taught to regard them-
+selves as protectors and chiefs of Judah ; wherefore the Ls-
+raelites had no cause to complain of the ultimate fatal
+result of their wicked policy.
+
+'* Lit. "neighings" (of horses,) i. c. the vacant shout
+of sinful persons in their pretended forgetfulness of
+duty.
+
+
+JEREMIAH XIV.
+
+
+2 Juilali iiiourneth, and her gates lan-
+guish; they lie grieved on the ground; and
+the distrejised cry of Jeriisaloni ascendeth up-
+ward.
+
+3 And their nobles have sent out their sul>
+ordinates for water: they come to the ])its.
+they find no water; they return with their
+vessels empty; they ai'e ashamed and con-
+founded, and cover" their head.
+
+4 Because of the ground which is cracked
+open,'' since there hath been no rain in the
+land, ai'e the ploughmen ashamed, they cover
+their head.
+
+5 Yea, the hind also bringeth forth her
+young in the field, and forsaketh (them), be-
+cause there is no grass.
+
+6 And the wild asses stand on the moun-
+tain-tops, they snuff up the wind like serpents :
+their eyes fail, because there are no herbs.
+
+7 If our iniquities testify against us, 0
+Lord, do thou act for the sake of thy name;
+for our backslidings are many; against thee
+have we sinned.
+
+8 0 thou hope of Israel, his saviour in time
+of trouble, why shouldst thou be as a stranger
+in the land, and as a wayfarer that turneth
+aside to lodge for a night?
+
+9 Why shouldst thou be as a man that is
+surprised,"^ as a mighty man that cannot save?
+yet thou art in the midst of us, 0 Lord, and
+we are called by thy name: abandon us
+not.
+
+10 ][ Thus hath said the Lord unto this
+people, Thus have they loved to wander
+about, their feet have they not restrained:
+therefore the Lord doth not receive them in
+favour; now will he remember their iniquity,
+and w-ill punish their sins.
+
+11 ^1 Then said the Lord unto me. Pray
+not in behalf of this people for their good.
+
+12 When they fast, I will not hear their
+entreaty; and when they oft'ei' burnt-offering
+and nieatroffering, I will not receive them in
+fiivour; l)ut by the sword, and by the famine,
+and Ijy the pestilence, will I make an end of
+them.
+
+13 Then said I, Ah, Lord Eternal! behold,
+the prophets say unto them. Ye shall not see
+the sword, neither shall ye have famine; but
+
+* As a sign of grief.
+
+'■ Redak, "burst open from the drought." Ene. ver.
+" chapt."The prophet speaks of the desolation caused by the
+wan t of rain, which caused the earth to crack from drought.
+
+
+a permanent peace will I give you in tliis
+place.
+
+14 Tf Then said the Lord unto me. False-
+hood do the prophets prophesy ui my name ;
+I have not sent them, neither have I com-
+manded them, neither have I spoken unto
+them: a vision of falsehood, and divination,
+and idolatrous folly,'' and the deceit of their
+heart do they pi^ophesy unto you.
+
+15 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+concerning the prophets that prophesy in my
+name, when I have not sent them, while they
+say, Sword and famine shall not come in this
+land : By the sword and by the famine shall
+these prophets come to their end.
+
+I 16 And the people to whom they prophesy
+shall lie cast down in the streets of Jerusalem
+by means of the famine and the sword ; and
+they shall have none to Ijury them, them,
+their wives, and their sons, and their daugh-
+ters; for I will pour out their wickedness over
+them.
+
+17 But thou shalt say unto them this word,
+My eyes shall run down with tears night and
+day, and they shall not cease; for with a
+great breach is the virgin-daughter of my
+people broken, with a very painful blow.
+
+j 18 If I go forth into the field, behold, there
+are the slain with the sword! and if I enter
+into the city, behold, there are those that are
+sick with famine ! for both the prophet and
+the priest travel round*" into a land that they
+know not.
+
+19 ^ Hast thou entirely rejected Judah?
+or hath thy soul loathing on Zion ? why
+hast thou smitten us, so that there is no
+healing for us ? we hoped for peace, and
+there is no good; and for the time of heal-
+ing, and behold, there is terror !
+
+20 We know, 0 Lord, our wickedness, the
+iniquity of our flithers; for we have sinned
+against thee.
+
+21 Do not cast us off, for the sake of thy
+name, do not disgrace the throne of thy
+glory: remember, break not thy covenant
+with us.
+
+22 Are there any among the vanities of
+the nations those that bestow rain ? or can
+the heavens give forth showers? Behold,
+
+" Rashi, "wearied."
+^ Redak, "vanity."
+
+" /. e. Go into exile; but Rashi, "to seek for assist-
+ance."
+
+639
+
+
+JEREMIAH XIV. XV.
+
+
+thou art this," 0 Lord our God, and we will
+hope in thee; for thou hast done all these
+things.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 Tl And the Lord said unto me, If Moses
+and Samuel were to stand before me, my
+favour'' would (still) not be toward this peo-
+ple: send them away out of my sight, that
+they may go forth.
+
+2 And it shall come to pass, if they should
+say unto thee. Whither shall we go forth?
+that thou shalt say unto them, Thus hath
+said the Lord, Such as are destined to death,
+to death; and such as ai'e destined to tlie
+sword, to the sword ; and such as are destined
+to famine, to fomine; and such as are destined
+to captivity, to captivity.
+
+3 And I will appoint over them four spe-
+cies," saith the Lord : The sword to slay, and
+the dogs to drag away, and the fowls of the
+heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour
+and to destroy.
+
+4 And I will cause them to become a hor-
+ror'' unto all the kingdoms of the earth, on
+account of Menasseh the son of Ilezekiah the
+king of Judah, because of what he did in Je-
+rusalem.
+
+5 For who will have pity upon thee, 0 Je-
+rusalem? or who will condole" with thee? or
+who will go aside to ask after thy welfare?
+
+6 Thou hast indeed forsaken me, saith the
+Lord, thou art gone backward; therefore do
+I stretch out my hand against thee, and de-
+stroy thee: I am weary with repenting.'
+
+7 And I winnow them with a fan in the
+gates of the land: I make childless, I anni-
+hilate my people, (since) from their ways they
+have not turned away.
+
+8 Their widows are more numerous before
+me than the sand of the seas : I bring unto
+them, over the mothers of the young men, a
+
+
+' Rcdak, "Art thou not he that givest rain? — there-
+fore will we," &c. " Rashi. Lit. "soul."
+° Heb. "families," /. e. four means of punishment.
+'' Philipp.son, "And I give them up to ill usage," kc
+' Rashi, "lament for." Zunz, "show sympathy."
+' Philipp'Oii, "iif fcirgiving." Zunz, "of having merey."
+' Raslii andJosejih Kimclii. Rablii Jonah, "tumult."
+Jonathan renders DX "cnmpaiiy." Others, "upon the
+a.sseniblago of young men;" but Rashi renders it "mo-
+ther-city," /. e. Jerusalem.
+
+" Rashi, "entreat," and exjdains it in two ways; first,
+hat the Israelites (who are represented as the personal
+640
+
+
+waster at noonday ; I cause to fall upon her
+suddenly the enemy^ with (liis) terrors.
+
+9 She that had born seven children fadeth
+away ; she breatheth out her soul, her sun is
+set while it is yet day; she is made ashamed
+and put to the blush: — and their residue will
+I give UY> to the sword before their enemies,
+saith the Lord.
+
+10 ^[ Wo is me, my mother, that tliou hast
+born me, a man of contention and a roan of
+strife to the whole land! I have not lent,
+nor have men lent to me : (yet) every one of
+them curseth me.
+
+11 The Lord said, Truly I will release
+thee for (thy) good; truly I will cause the
+enemy to meet'' thee in the time of distress
+and in the time of affliction.
+
+12 Can iron break in pieces' the northern
+iron and copper?
+
+13 Thy'' wealth and thy treasures will I
+give up as spoil without price, and this for all
+thy sins, even in all thy borders.
+
+14 And I will cause them' to pass over
+with thy enemies into a land which thou
+knowest not; for a fire is kindled in my an-
+ger, over you shall it burn.
+
+15 T[ Thou well knowest it, 0 Lord! re-
+member me, and think of me, and avenge me
+on my persecutors ; not according to thy long-
+suffering act thou for me: know, that for thy
+sake I have borne sliame.
+
+16 When thy words were made manifest
+to me, then I greedily received them ;'° and
+thy word became unto me the gladness ana
+joy of my heart ; for thy name is called
+upon me, 0 Lord God of hosts.
+
+17 1 sat not in the assembly of the mirth-
+ful, and was rejoiced; because of thy inspira-
+tion I sat solitary; for thou hadst filled me
+with indignation.
+
+18 Why is my pain perpetual, and my
+wound incurable? it refuseth to be healed:
+
+
+enemies of the prophet) shall ask him to pray for them
+in their distress, or that Nebuzaraddan should request
+him to do as he pleased. (See Jer. xl. 4.)
+
+' Can ordinary iron, though hard and strong in itself,
+break that which is of a much stronger kind, and well
+tempered? But Philippaon, "Can men break in pieces
+inm, iron of the north, and brass?" Eng. ver. has for
+"brass," ".steel."
+
+'' i. e. Spoken to Israel.
+
+' Redak, "I will cause thee to pass over to thy ene-
+mies."
+
+"■ Lit. "Thy words were found, and I ate thorn."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XV. XVI.
+
+
+it is" truly become unto me as a deceptive
+spring, as waters that are not reliable.
+
+19 Tl Therefore thus hath said the Lord,
+If thou return, and I bring thee back again,
+then shalt thou stand ()efore me; and if thou
+bring Ibrth the precious from the vile, thou
+shalt be as ui}- mouth: these shall return unto
+thee; but thou shalt not return unto them.''
+
+20 And I will make thee unto this people
+as a fortified brazen wall; and they will
+fight against thee, but they shall not prevail
+against thee; for I am with thee to save thee
+and to deliver thee, saith the Lord.
+
+21 And I will deliver thee out of the hand
+of the wicked, and I will redeem thee out of
+the grasp of the tyrants.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ]f And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Thou shalt not take thyself a wife,
+neither shalt thou have sons or daughters in
+this place.
+
+3 ^ For thus hath said the Lord concern-
+ing the sons and concerning the daughters
+that are born in this place, and concerning
+their mothers that bear them, and concerning
+their fathers that beget them in this land :
+
+4 A death through diseases of famine" shall
+they die; they shall not be lamented for; nor
+shall they be buried; for dung upon the
+fixce of the earth shall they be: and by the
+sword and by famine shall they come to their
+end; and their carcasses shall be for food
+unto the fowls of heaven, and unto the beasts
+of the earth.
+
+•5 ^ For thus hath said the Lord, Enter
+not into the house of mouiuiing, neither go to
+lament nor to condole with them ; for I have
+taken a^vay my peace from this people, saith
+the Lord, yea, kindness and mercy.
+
+6 And both the great and the small shall
+die in this land, — they shall not be buried, and
+men shall not lament for them, nor cut them-
+selves, nor make themselves laald for them;''
+
+
+" Itaslii and others refer riTin to God, and render,
+"thnu art become." We have followed Zunz, who makes
+"the wound" the nominative of the verb in the third
+person feminine singular.
+
+■" Jonathan, "If thou wilt cause the wicked to return
+to be righteous, thou wilt fulfil the will of my word;
+they shall come to thy prophecy, but thou shalt not turn
+to go astray after them."
+
+' Jonathan. Uthens, simply "diseases."
+
+
+7 Nor shall they break bread ibr them at
+their mouiniing, to comfort them for the dead;
+nor shall they give them to drink the cup of
+consolation for their iiither and for their
+mother.
+
+8 And into the house of feasting shalt thou
+not enter, to sit with them, to eat and to drink.
+
+9 T[ For thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+the God of Israel, Behold, I will cause to
+cease out of this place before your eyes, and
+in 3our days, the voice of gladness, and the
+voice of jo}', the voice of the bridegroom, and
+the voice of the bride.
+
+10 And it shall come to pass, when thou
+shalt tell this people nil tliese words, and
+they should say unto thee, Wherefore hath
+the Lord spoken against us all this great
+evil? and what is our iniquity? and what is
+our sin that we have committed against the
+Lord our God?
+
+11 That thou shalt say unto them, Be-
+cause your fothers forsook me, saith the Lord,
+and walked after other gods, and served
+them, and bowed down unto them, and me
+they forsook, and m}' law they kept not ;
+
+12 And ye act worse than your fathers;
+for, behold, ye walk ever}' one after the stul>
+bornness of his evil heart, so as not to hearken
+unto me;
+
+13 Therefore will I hurl you out of this
+land into the land of which }e had no know-
+ledge, neither ye nor your fathers ; and 3'e
+will serve there other" gods by day and by
+night; so that I will not grant you any flxvour.''
+
+14 ^ Therefore, behold, days are coming,
+saith the Lord,*-' when it shall not be said
+any more, As the Lord liveth, who hath
+brought up the children of Israel out of the
+land of Egypt ;
+
+15 But, As the Lord liveth, who hath
+brought up the children of Israel from the
+land of the north, and from all the countries
+whither he had driven them : and I will
+cause them to return unto their land which I
+have given unto their fathers.
+
+■^ See Deut. xiv. 1.
+
+° Jonathan, "And ye shall serve there the nations who
+worship errors;" and so is this expression to be explained
+wherever it occurs in the Bible.
+
+' Zunz, "respite," or "intermission from toil."
+
+^ Notwithstanding the terrible iniquity of Israel, and
+its frightful consequences, God will not break his cove-
+nant with them, but redeem and restore them again to hia
+favour.
+
+541
+
+
+JEKEMIAH XVI. XVII.
+
+
+16 ^ Behold, I will send for many fisher-
+men, saith the Lord, and they shall fish
+them ; and after that will I send for many
+hunters, and thej^ shall hunt them from every
+mountain, and from every hill, and out of the
+clefts of the rocks.
+
+17 For my eyes are directed upon all their
+ways, they are not hidden from my fiice, nor
+is their iniquity concealed from my eyes.
+
+18 And (thus) will I pay them at the first
+their twofold iniquity and their sin ; because
+they have defiled my land, filling my heritage
+with the carcasses of their detestable and
+abominable idols.
+
+19 ^ 0 Lord, my strength, and my fort-
+ress, and my refuge on the day of trouble,
+unto thee shall nations come from the ends
+of the earth, and say. Nothing but falsehood
+had our fathers inherited, vanity, wherein
+there is no profit.
+
+20 How ? can a man make unto himself
+gods, which are yet no gods ?"•
+
+21 Therefore, behold, I will cause them to
+know, at this time will I cause them to know,
+my hand and my might : and they shall know
+that my name is The Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 ^[ The sin of Judah is written down
+with a pen of iron, with the point of a dia-
+mond : it is engraved upon the table of their
+heart, and on the horns of your altars.
+
+2 Like'' their remembrance of their chil-
+dren, so are (to them) their altars and their
+groves by (every) green tree upon the high
+hills.
+
+3 0 my mountain" in the field, thy sub-
+stance, all thy treasures will I give up for
+spoil, thy high-places (reared) with sin,
+tliroughout all thy borders.
+
+4 And thou'' shalt be cast out, yea through
+tliy own guilt, Irom thy heritage which I
+have given thee; and 1 will cause thee to
+serve thy enemies in a land which thou
+
+
+* Zunz, "and are tlieraselves no gods." Philipjwon,
+"these arc no gods."
+
+"■ Rashi; but. Jonathan in conucction with verse 1, "be-
+(-•Musc their chiklrcni remember their altars," &c.
+
+° "Jerusalem, that is situated ou a table land." — liASill.
+l>ut Rcdak, "Thou nKumtain-dwcller," meaning "they
+who worshipped idols mi the moinitains ;" ho also gives,
+" for the sin of thy high-plaees in all thy borders."
+
+'' llashi, "And thou wilt let rest thy land against thy
+64'J
+
+
+knowest not; for a fire have ye kindled in
+my anger, for ever shall it burn.
+
+5 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, Cursed is
+the man that trusteth in man, and placeth on
+fiesh his dependence," while from the Lord
+his heart departeth.
+
+6 And he shall be like a lonely tree in the
+desert, which feeleth not when the good
+cometh ; but abideth in the parched places in
+the wildei-ness, in a salty land which cannot
+be inhabited.
+
+7 ][ Blessed is the man that trusteth in the
+Lord, and the Lord will be his trust.
+
+8 And he shall be like a tree that is planted
+by the waters, and by a stream spreadeth out
+its roots, which feeleth not when heat cometh,
+but its leaf remaineth green ; and in a year of
+drought it is inidisturbed l)y care, and ceaseth
+not from yielding fruit.
+
+9 Deceitful is tlie heart above all things,
+and sick: who can know it?
+
+10 I the Lord search the heart, probe the
+reins: yea, to give unto every man according
+to his ways, according to tlie fruit of liis
+deeds.
+
+11 ^ As a cuckoo' that sitteth on eggs
+which he hath not laid, so is he that getteth
+riches, and not by right: in the midst of his
+days shall he leave them, and at his end shall
+be called wicked.
+
+12 A throne*-' of glory, exalted from the
+beginning, is the place of our sanctuary !
+
+lo Hope of Israel, 0 Lord, all that forsake
+thee shall be made ashamed, and the back-
+sliders among me shall be written down on
+the earth;'' because they have forsaken the
+fountain of living waters, the Lord.
+
+14 If Heal me, 0 Lord, and 1 shall be
+liealed: save me, and I shall be saved; for my
+praise art thou.
+
+10 Behold, they say unto me. Where is
+the word of the Lord? let it come now.
+
+10 As for me, I have not hastened to be a
+shepherd' to follow thee ; and the woful day
+
+
+will, and of thee will I take vengeance because of the
+land," &c. (See Lev. xxv. "2, xxvi. 3, 4, &c.)
+
+' Lit. "raaketh flesh his arm."
+
+' Others, "iKirtridge."
+
+'' llashi regards this as an address to God, thus, "O
+throne," &c.
+
+'' ]lashi expounds, "for tlii^ grave." Tliili]ips(iii, '• in
+
+
+the sand;" /. ''. given up to ol
+
+' lledak. Rashi, "I did urge thee to 1,
+
+
+run
+
+
+JEREMIAH XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+have I not longed for; thou knowest it: what
+came out of my lips was known before thee.
+
+17 Be not a terror unto me: thou art my
+protection on the clay of e\'il.
+
+18 Let those be made ashamed that perse-
+cute me, but let not me be made ashamed;
+let tlieni be dismayed, but let me not be
+dismayed : bring upon them the day of evil,
+and strike"* them with a double lireach.
+
+10 *i\ Thus said the Lord unto me, Go and
+stand in the gate of the children of the peo-
+ple, whereby the kings of Judah usually
+enter, and by which they usually go out, and
+in all the gates of Jerusalem ;
+
+20 And say unto them, Hear ye the word
+of the Lord, ye kings of Judah, and all Judah,
+and all inhabitants of Jerusalem, that enter
+in by these gates :
+
+21 Thus hath said the Lord, Take heed
+for your souls, and bear no burden on the
+sabbath-day, nor bring it in through the
+gates of Jerusalem ;
+
+22 Nor shall you carry forth a burden out
+of your houses on the sabljath-day, and no
+manner of work shall ye do, but hallow ye
+the sabbath-day, as I have commanded your
+fathers;
+
+23 But they hearkened not, and inclined
+not their ear ; and they made their neck stift^
+so as not to hearken, and not to receive in-
+struction.
+
+24 And it shall come to pass, if ye will
+diligently hearken unto me, saith the Lord,
+so as to bring in no burden through the gates
+of this city on the sabbath-day, and to hallow
+the sabbath-day, so as to do no work thereon :
+
+25 Then shall there enter through the
+gates of this city kings and princes sitting
+upon the throne of David, riding in chariots
+and on horses, they, and their princes, the
+men of Judah, and the inhal)itants of Jerusiv
+lem; and this city shall be inhabited for ever.
+
+26 And there shall come from the cities of
+Judah, and from the environs of Jerusalem,
+
+
+nisliinent, because, as a good shepherd, I foHowed thee to
+ask mercy for them;"- — -to the eud of the verse he gives,
+"was before thee to turn away thy wrath from them."
+.Touathaii, '' I did not delay with thy word to prophesy to
+them to bring them to thy fear." Zunz gives, yiriN n;'T3
+"because I am devoted to thee."
+
+» Lit. " break."
+
+'' Rashi, "form" or "seat" used by thi- putters in the
+East, which is described by Ttabbi Jonah an<l others as
+
+
+and from the land of Benjamin, and from the
+lowlands, and from the mountain, and from
+the south, those that bring burnt-oflerings,
+and sacrifices, and meat-on'erings, and Iraidv-
+incense, and those that Ijring thanksgiving-
+oflerings, imto the house of the Lord.
+
+27 But if ye will not hearken unto me to
+hallow the sabbath-day, and not to Ix'ar a
+Ijurden, and to enter in at the gates of Jerusa-
+lem on the sabbath-day: then will I kindle a
+fire in its gates, and it shall devour the palaces
+of Jerusalem, and it shall not be quenched.
+
+CHAPTER XVIIL
+
+1 *i] The word which came to Jeremiah
+from the Lord, saying,
+
+2 Arise, and go down to the potter's house,
+and there will I let thee hear my words.
+
+3 Then went I down to the potter's house,
+and, behold, he was doing work on the
+wheels.''
+
+4 And the vessel that he was making be-
+came spoiled as (happeneth) with the clay iu
+the hand of the potter; and he made again
+thereof another vessel, as it seemed good in
+the eyes of tlie potter to make it.
+
+5 ^f Then came the word of the Lord to
+me, saying,
+
+(J shall I not be able to do unto you as
+this potter, 0 house of Israel ? saith the Lord.
+Behold, as the clay is in the potter's hand, so
+are ye in my hand, 0 house of Israel.
+
+7 ^ At one instant I speak concerning
+a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to root
+out, and to pidi down, and to destroy it;
+
+8 But should that nation, against whom I
+have spoken, return from their wrong-doing:
+then will I bethink me of the evil that I
+had thouglit to do unto them.
+
+9 T[ And at one instant I speak concerning
+a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build
+and to plant it :
+
+10 But should it do what is evil in my
+eyes, so as not to hearken to my voice : then
+
+
+consisting of a pair of circuUir stones placed upon one
+another like mill-stones; of which the lower was immov-
+able, while the upper turned on a spindle, or axis, and
+had its rotatory motion communicated to it by the foot
+of the potter sitting at his work, as we may learn from
+Ecclesiasticus xxxviii. '29, 30. On the top of this upper
+stone, which was flat, the clay was placed, which the
+potter, having given the stone the due velocity, shaped
+with his hands.
+
+543
+
+
+JEREMIAH XVIII. XIX.
+
+
+will I bethink me of the good, wherewith
+I had thought to benefit the same.
+
+11 And now do say to the men of Judah,
+and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, as follow-
+eth, Thus hath said the Lokd, Behold, I form
+against you evil, and devise against you a
+device : do but return now every one from his
+evil way, and amend }our ways and your
+deeds.
+
+12 And they said, It is useless; for after
+our own thoughts will we walk, and we will
+every one do after the stubbornness of his
+evil heart.
+
+13 T[ Therefore thus hath said the Lord,
+Only ask among the nations, Who hath heard
+the like things ? a very horrible act hath the
+virgin of Israel committed.
+
+14 Doth the snow of Lebanon ever quit
+the rock of the field ? or do the far-coming,
+cold, flowing waters ever fail ?"
+
+15 That my people have forgotten me,
+that they have burnt incense to false gods,
+and are made to stumble on their ways, the
+ancient beaten tracks, to walk in paths, on a
+road which is not levelled ?
+
+16 To make their land desolate, a perpetual
+derision ■} every one that passeth thereby
+shall be astonished, and shake" his head.
+
+17 Like an east wind will I scatter them
+before the enemy ; with the back, and not the
+face, will I regard them" on the day of their
+calamity.
+
+18 T[ And they said, Come, and let us con-
+trive devices against Jeremiah; for" the law
+will not be lost from the priest, nor counsel
+from the wise, nor the word from the prophet.
+Come, and let us smite him with the tongue,"
+and let us not listen to any of his words.
+
+19 Listen to me, 0 Lord, and hearken to
+the voice of those that contend with me.
+
+
+' Philippson, nearly after Jonathan, with but few verbal
+changes; " the ruck in the field," a proverbial expression
+for the rocks of Lebanon. Rashi and Redak, " Will a [
+thirsty man leave the water that runneth from a rock in the i
+lields, which eometh from the pure snow of Lebanon? or i
+will he leave the living, cold, flowing water which hath
+been untasted hitherto by all men';"' Zunz, ''punyieif,\
+oool water," after Mciiaehem. According to our ver.sion, !
+it is an appeal to inanimate nature, which never disobeys
+Grod; as Isa. i. 8, speaks of animals.
+
+'' Lit. "hissing;" i. e. in derision.
+
+° Lit. "shake with."
+
+* Rashi explains, "When they turn tlic back and nut
+the face before the cneniv will 1 see Ijut not lulii tiiem."
+644 ^ '
+
+
+20 Shall evil be recompensed instead of
+good, that they have dug a pit for my life?
+Remember my standing before thee to speak
+good concerning them, to cause thy wrath to
+turn away from them.
+
+21 |[ Therefore give up their children to
+the famine, and let their life ebb' out by
+means of the sword; and let their wives be
+bereaved of their children, and widows ; and
+let their men be slain by death ; their young
+men smitten by the sword in the battle.
+
+22 Let a cry be heard from their houses,
+when thou bringest a troop over them sudden-
+ly; for they have dug a pit to catch me, and
+laid concealed snares for my feet.
+
+23 Yet thou, Lord, knowest well all their
+counsel against me to (procure my) death :
+forgive not their iniquity, and let their sin
+not be blotted out from before thee; Ijut let
+them be brought to stumbling before thee ; in
+the time of thy anger deal thus with them.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 ^ Thus said the Lord, Go and hwy a bottle
+from a maker of earthenware, and (take) some
+of the elders of the people, and of the elders
+of the priests;
+
+2 And go forth unto the valley of the sou
+of Hiiniom, which is by the entry of the gate
+Charsith,^ and proclaim there the words that
+I will speak unto thee.
+
+3 And say. Hear ye the word of the Lord,
+0 kings of Judah, and inhabitants of Jerusa-
+lem, Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, Behold, I will bring evil over
+this place, so that the ears of every one that
+heareth it shall tingle.
+
+4 For the reason that they have forsaken
+me, and have defiled*" this place, and have
+burnt incense in it unto other gods, which
+
+
+' Redak explains, "What do we lose by slaying him ?
+forthere are other priests, wise men, and prophets, who know
+the law, counsel, and prophesy." "^^'ith the tongue" is
+explained by Jonathan to mean, " to give false testimony
+against hiui."
+
+' Redak and Rashi both reader Dljn as "caused them
+to flow;" I. e. as regards the blood. Zunz, "hurl them
+into the power of the sword." Philippson, "surrender
+them."
+
+" Jonathan translates thus, " dung-gate ;" and Rashi
+adds, "where they u.sed to cast the broken earthen vessels."
+Others, " sun-gate."
+
+'Jonathan; lit. "estranged;" and Rashi, "they have
+made it a strani.'er before mo."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XIX. XX.
+
+
+they had not known, either they or their
+fathers, or the kings of Judah, and have filled
+this place with the blood of innocents;
+
+5 And the}- have bnilt the high-places of
+Ba'al, to burn their sons with fire as burnt-
+offerings unto Ba'al, which I had not com-
+manded, nor spoken, and which had not come
+into my mind :
+
+G ^ Therefore, behold, days are coming,
+saith the Lord, that this place shall no more
+be called The Thopheth, nor The valley of the
+son of Hinnom, but. The valley of slaughter.
+
+7 And I will make void the counsel of Ju-
+dah and Jerusalem in this place ; and I will
+cause them to fiill by the sword Ijefore their
+enemies, and by the hand of those that seek
+their life : and I will give their carcasses as
+food unto the fowls of the heaven, and unto
+the beasts of the earth.
+
+8 And I will render this city desolate, and
+an (object of) derision: every one that passeth
+thereby shall be astonished and hiss because
+of all its plagues.
+
+9 And I will cause them to eat the flesh
+of their sons and the flesh of their daughters,
+and they shall eat every one the flesh of his
+associate, in the siege and straitness, where-
+with their enemies, and those that seek their
+life, shall distre.ss them.
+
+10 Then shaft thou break the bottle before
+the eyes of the men that are going with thee.
+
+11 And thou shalt say unto them, Thus
+hath said the Lord of hosts. In this manner
+will I break this people and this city, as one
+breaketh a potter's vessel, that cannot be re-
+stored again; and in Thopheth shall they
+bury, for want of room to bury.
+
+12 Thus will I do unto this place, saith
+the Lord, and to its inhabitants, and to make
+this city as Thopheth :"
+
+13 And the houses of Jerusalem, and the
+houses of the kings of Judah, which are unclean,
+shall become as the place of theTliopheth, with''
+all the hou.ses upon the roofsof which they have
+burnt incense to all the host of heaven, and
+have poured out drink-offerings to other gods.
+
+14 ^ Then came Jeremiah from the Tho-
+
+
+' llashi, "Full of slain oues, as the Tboplietli is where
+they slay the children unto Molech."
+
+'■ Redak, "because," or "this is with respect to,'' kc.
+
+° riD-jnon, from lan, Iwphach, "to overturn, subvert,
+distort," generally denotes au oie/'Mrixf, (Deut. xxix. 22, 1 i wealth
+and seems to signify here a sort of stocks, by which the j ' The prophet's address to (j
+3 T
+
+
+pheth, whither the Lord had sent him to pro-
+phesy ; and he placed himself in the court of
+the house of the Lord ; and said to all the
+people,
+
+15 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, Behold. I will bring upon this
+city and upon all its towns all the evil that I
+have spoken against it; because they have
+hardened their neck, so as not to hear my
+words.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 But when Pashcluir the son of Innuer
+the priest, who was chief superintendent in
+the house of the Lord, heard Jeremiah pro-
+phesying these A\"ords :
+
+2 Then smote Pashchur Jeremiah the \)Vo-
+phet, and put him in the stocks'' that were in
+the upps'r gate of Benjamin, which w;is in the
+house of the Lord.
+
+3 And it came to pass on the morrow, that
+Pashchur brought forth Jeremiah out of the
+stocks. And Jeremiah said unto him, Not
+Pashchur [Fulness of freedom] hath the
+Lord called thy name, but Magor-missabib
+[Terror all around].
+
+4 ][ For thus hath saiil the Lord, Behold,
+I will make thee a terror to thyself, and to
+all thy friends; and the}- shall fall by the
+sword of their enemies, and thy eyes shall
+see it; and all Judah will I give into the
+hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall
+lead them into exile to Babylon, ;ind shall
+smite them with the sword.
+
+5 And I will give up all the wealth'^ of
+this city, and all its acquisitions, and all its
+precious things; and all the treasures of the
+kings of Judah will I give into the hand of
+their enemies, who .shall plunder them, and
+take them, and carry them away to Babylon.
+
+6 And thou, Pashchur. and all the inha-
+bitants of th} house, shall go into captivity ;
+and to Babylon shalt thou come, and there
+thou shalt die, and there sliidt thou 1k' buried,
+thou, and all thy friends, to whom thou hast
+prophesied with falsehood.
+
+7 ][ Thou" didst persuade me, 0 Lord, and I
+
+
+limbs were distorted into uneasy postures. So Jonathan,
+Nili!':). But Rashi and others understand it as merely
+signifying a place of confinement, or house of corrertimi.
+''Rashi; lit. "strength," which result.s often from
+
+
+S46
+
+
+JEREMIAH XX. XXI.
+
+
+was persuaded ; thou laidst thy (hand) strongly
+on me, and didst prevail : I am laughed at all
+the time, every one mocketh me.
+
+8 For as often as I speak must I cry out,
+violence and wasting must I proclaim; because
+the word of the Lord is become unto me a
+disgrace, and a derision, all the time.
+
+9 And I thought, I will not make mention
+of him, and I will not speak any more in his
+name. But it" became in my heart as a
+burning fire enclosed within my bones, and I
+was weary with enduring, and I could not
+overcome it.
+
+10 For I heard the defiiming of many,
+angry assemblies on everj' side, " Tell, and
+we will telP of him." All the men who ought
+to seek my welfare, watch for my tall; say-
+ing, " Peradventure he may be enticed, and
+we shall prevail against him, and we will
+then take our revenge on him."
+
+11 But the Lord is with me as a mighty
+powerful one ; therefore my persecutors will
+stiuuble, and they will not prevail: they will
+be greatly ashamed, for they will not prosper ;
+(it is) an everlasting confusion which will
+never be forgotten.
+
+12 But, 0 Lord of hosts, that i)robest the
+righteous, seest the reins and the heart, let
+me see thy vengeance on them ; for unto thee
+have I laid open my cause.
+
+13 ^[ Sing unto the Lord, praise ye the
+Lord; for he hath delivered the soul of the
+needy from the hand of evil-doers. ^
+
+14 ][ Cursed be the day whereon I was
+born: the day on which my mother bore me
+sliall not be blessed.
+
+15 Cursed be the man who brought tidings
+to my father, saying, A man-child is born
+unto thee. How very glad did he make
+him !
+
+16 And may that same man become like
+the cities which the Lord overthrew, and l)e-
+thought himself not; and may he hear a cry
+of anguish in the morning, and a tumultuous
+noise at noontide ;
+
+17 ]?ecause I was nut slain (as I escaped)
+from the womb; or that my mother might
+have become unto me my grave, and her
+
+
+" K:islii, "the prophecy."
+
+^ '-We will testify falsely against him." — Rashi.
+' i. I'. Tlu' weapons of w:ir, iip they shall he useless out-
+sit-lo of the walls, against the enemies. Others refer
+540
+
+
+womb have been affected with a perpetual
+pregnancy.
+
+18 Wherefore was this that I came forth
+out of the woml) to see trouble and sorrow,
+that my da^s should pass away in shame ?
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 Tl The word which came unto Jereiuiali
+from the Lord, when king Zedekiah sent unto
+him Pashchur the son of Malki^ah, and Ze-
+phanyah the son of Ma'assejah the priest,
+saying,
+
+2 Inquire, I pray thee, in our behalf of the
+Lord; for Nebuchadrezzar the king of Baby-
+lon maketh war against us: peradventure the
+Lord will deal with us according to all his
+wondrous deeds, so that he may withdraw
+from us.
+
+3 ^ Then said Jeremiah unto them. Thus
+shall ye say to Zedekiah :
+
+4 Thus hath said the Lord the God of
+Israel, Behold, I will turn back the weapons
+of war that are in your hands, wherewith ye
+fight against the king of Babylon, and against
+the Chaldeans, who besiege you without the
+walls, and I will assemble them" into the
+midst of this city.
+
+5 And I myself will fight against you with
+an outstretclied hand and with a strong arm,
+and in anger, and in fury, and in great wrath.
+
+6 And I will smite the inhabitants of this
+city, both man and beast : of a great pestilence
+shall they die.
+
+7 And afterward, saith the Lord, will I
+give up Zedekiah the king of Jiidah, and his
+servants, and the people, and those that are
+left in this city from the pestilence, from the
+sword, and from the famine, into the hand of
+Nebuchadrezzar'' the king of Babylon, and
+into the hand of their enemies, and into the
+hand of those that seek their life : and he
+shall smite them with the edge of the sword ;
+he will not spare them, nor have pity, nor
+have mercy.
+
+8 And unto this people shalt thou say.
+Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, I set before
+you the way of life, and the way of death.
+
+9 He that remaineth in this city shall die
+
+"them" to the Chaldeans, iniHcafing that they shall
+take the city.
+
+"■ Instead of Nehuehadnezzar, and i.s the reading of
+twenty-six places in this hook.
+
+
+JEREMlAii XXI. XXll.
+
+
+by the sword, or Ijy the famine, or by the
+pestilence; but he that goeth out, and runneth
+away* to the (_'haldeans that besiege you,
+shall remain alive, and his lile shall be unto
+him as a booty.''
+
+10 For I have set ray face against this city
+for evil, and not for good, saith the Lord :
+into the hand of the king of Babylon shall it
+be given up. and he will burn it with fire.
+
+11 And to the house of the king of Judah
+(say), Hear ye the word of the Lord :
+
+12 0 house of David, thus hath said the
+Lord, Exercise" justice on (every) morning,
+and deliver him that is robbed out of the hand
+of the oppi'essor; lest my fury go forth like
+tire, an<l burn so that none can quench it, be-
+cause of the evil of your doings.
+
+13 Behold, I am against thee, 0 inhar
+bitress of the valley, (about) the rock of the
+plain, saith the Lord ; who say. Who shall
+descend down ao'ainst us ? or who shall enter
+into our habitations ?
+
+14 But I will inflict punishment on you ac-
+cording to the fruit of vour doings, saith the
+Lord : and I will kindle a fire in its forest,
+and it shall devour all its environs.
+
+CHAPTER XXIL
+
+1 ^ Thus said the Lord, Go down to the
+house of the king of Judah, and speak there
+this word ;
+
+2 And thou shalt say. Hear the word of
+the Lord, 0 Idng of Judah, that sittest upon
+the throne of David, thou, and thy servants,
+and thy people that enter in by these gates :
+
+3 Thus hath said the Lord, Execute ye
+justice and righteousness, and deliver him
+that is robbed out of the hand of the op-
+pressor; and the stranger, the iatherless, and
+the widow shall ye not oppress,'" and do them
+no violence, and shed no innocent lilood in
+this place.
+
+4 For if ye indeed will do this thing, then
+shall enter in through the gates of this house
+
+"Lit. "falleth."
+
+'■ Rashi, "As a man seizeth on some booty and goeth Lis
+way, so shall he have his life as a booty from death from
+among those who are slain."
+
+"Lit. "judge."
+
+■* Rashi explains Ijn, rendered in Lev. xxv. 17, with
+" overreach," as meaning, " vexing with words," as ibid,
+xix. 34.
+
+" Philippson, "Thou who art unto me a Oil'ad, a sum-
+mit of Lebanon — that I should have to make thee," &c.
+
+
+kings sitting after David upon his throne,
+riding in chariots and on horses, he, and his
+servants, and his peoi)le.
+
+5 But if ye will not hear these words, then
+do I swear by myself, saith tlie Lord, that
+this house shall become a ruin.
+
+6 T[ For thus hath said the Lord concern-
+ing the house of the king of Judah, A Gil'ail
+(though) thou'' art unto me, a summit of the
+Lebanon : yet I will surely change thee into
+a wilderness, cities which are not inhabited.
+
+7 And I will make ready against thee de-
+stroyers, every one with his weapons : and
+they shall cut down the choice of thy cedars,
+and cast them into the fire.
+
+8 And (when) many nations (then) pass
+by this city, they will say eveiy man to his
+nei<;liljour. Wherefore hath the Lord done the
+like unto this great city ?
+
+9 Then shall they sa}^. Because they had
+forsaken the covenant of the Lord their God.
+and bowed down unto other gods, and served
+them.
+
+10 ^ Weep not for the dead, and do not
+bemoan him : weep sorely for him that goeth
+away; fo^he shall never return any more, and
+see the land of his birth.
+
+11 For thus hath said the Lord respecting
+Shalluin'^ the son of Josiah the king of Judah,
+who reigneth in the place of Josiah his father,
+who is gone forth out of this place, He shall
+never return thither any more ;
+
+12 But in the place whither they have led
+him into exile, there shall he die; but this land
+shall he not see any more.
+
+13 ^ Wo unto him that buildeth his liouse
+by unrighteousness, and his chambers by in-
+justice; that maketh his neighbour work
+without wages, and giveth him not the re-
+ward for his labour;
+
+14 That saith, I will build me a room}"
+house, and ample'' chambers, and cutteth him-
+self out windows, and ceileth it with cedar,
+and painteth it with colours.'
+
+' Sballum here mentioned is supposed by some to be
+Jehoachaz, who was carried after a reign of three months
+to Egypt, where he died ; by others, Jechonyah, who was
+carried to Babylon after an equallj' short reign ; and by
+others again, Zedekiah.
+
+s Rashi, simply, "large;" lit. "of measures."
+
+'' Redak, "airj'," but the sense is the same.
+
+' Eng. ver. " vermilion ;" but the actual meaning is very
+doubtful. Rashi gives, »S'(''i<y'^ .
+
+547
+
+
+JEREMIAH
+
+15 Slialt thou reign, because thou strivest
+to excel with cedar buildings? behold, thy
+father ate and drank, but he executed justice
+and righteousness : then was it well with
+him !
+
+16 He judged the cause of the poor and
+needy; then was it well : is not this the pro-
+per knowledge of nie? saitli the Lokd.
+
+17 But thy eyes and thy heart are directed
+on nothing but upon thy own gain, and upon
+innocent blood to shed it, and upon oppres-
+sion, and upon extortion, to practise them.
+
+18 ^ Therefore thus liath said the Lord
+concerning Jehoyakini the son of Josiah the
+king of Judah, They shall not lament for
+him, with, "Wo, my brother!" and, "Wo,
+sister!" they shall not lament for him, with
+" Wo. lord !" and, " Wo to his glory !" j
+
+19 With the burial of an ass shall he be
+buried, dragged about and cast forth beyond
+the gates of Jerusalem.
+
+20 ^ Ascend the Lebanon, and cry aloud;
+and let thy voice resound in Bashan ; and cry
+aloud from 'Abarim;" for crushed are all thy
+lov^ers.
+
+21 I spoke unto thee in tli\- prosperity ;
+])ut thou saidst, I will not hear. This hath
+been thy manner'' from thy very youth, that
+thou didst not hearken to my voice.
+
+22 The wind shall scatter abroad all thy
+shepherds, and thy lovers shall go into capti-
+vity: surely then shalt thou be ashamed
+and confounded because of all thy wicked-
+ness.
+
+23 0 inhabitress of Lebanon, that makest
+thy nest in the cedars, how full" of grace wilt
+thou be when pangs come upon thee, the pain
+as of a woman in travail !
+
+24 As I live, saith the Loiii), though Con-
+yahu the son of Jelioyakim the king of Judah
+were a signet upon my right hand, yet for a
+surety would I tlience pluck thee;
+
+25 And I will give thee into the hand of
+those that seek thy life, and into the hand
+of those of whom thou art afraid, and into
+the hand of Nebiichadrez/ar the king of Ba-
+bylon, and into the hand of the Chaldeans.
+
+" After Zunz; the name of the mountain east of the
+Jordan. Others, "passess." Rcchik, "on all sides."
+
+'■ Lit. "way."
+
+° Ironical, ineaninf; that when the time of affliction
+comes, the enemy will not n'jranl the former glory; hence
+I'hilipp.son, " How pitiable!"
+048
+
+
+XXH. XXIII.
+
+26 And I will hurl thee out, and thy mo-
+ther that hath born thee, into another coun-
+try, where ye were not born; and there shall
+ye die.
+
+27 But to the land whitherward they di-
+rect their soul to return, thither shall they
+not return.
+
+28 ^ Is this man Conyahu a despised
+broken image? or a vessel witlKnit value?''
+wherefore are they hurled out, lie and his
+seed, and are cast forth into a land which
+they know not?
+
+29 0 land, land, land! hear the word of
+the LoKi).
+
+30 Thus hath said the Lord, Write ye
+down this man as childless," as a man that
+shall not prosper in his days; for no man of
+his seed shall succeed to sit upon the throne
+of David, and to rule any more in Judah.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 ^ Wo unto the shepherds that destroy
+and scatter the flocks of my pasture! saith
+the Lord.
+
+2 Therefore thus hatli said the Lord the
+God of Israel concerning the shepherds that
+feed my people. Ye have scattered my flocks,
+and driven them away, and have not taken
+care of them : now, behold, I will visit
+upon you the evil of your doings, saith the
+Loud.
+
+3 And I will indeed gather the remnant
+of my flock together out of all the countries
+whither I have driven them; and I will bring
+them back again to their folds: and they shall
+be fruitful and' inidtiply.
+
+4 And I will raise up over them shepherds
+who shall feed them: and they shall fear no
+more, nor be dismayed, and none of them
+shall be missing, saith the Lord.
+
+5 |[ Behold, days are coming, saith the
+Lord, when I will raise up unto David a
+righteous sprout, and he shall reign as king,
+and prosper, and he shall execute justice and
+righteousness on the earth.
+
+0 In his days shall Judah be helped, and
+Israel shall dwell in safety: and this is his
+
+■^ Lit. "in which there is no pleasure."
+
+" Childless only as regards the suecessimi to the throne;
+for though then but a lad, he afterward raised children in
+]5abylon, and Zerubabel was his grandson; so no son of
+Je'hoyaehin ((Jonyahu) can ever be expected to becomh
+ruler over Israel.
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXin.
+
+
+nauif whereby he ishall be called, The Lord
+
+IS OUR" RIGHTEOUSNESS.
+
+7 ^ Therefore, behold, days are coming,
+saith the Lord, when they shall no more say,
+As the Lord liveth, who hath brought up
+the children of Israel out of the land of
+Egypt ;
+
+8 But, As the Lord liveth, who hath
+brought up and who hath led forth the seed
+of the house of Israel out of the north coun-
+try, and out of all countries whither I had
+driven them: and they shall dwell in their
+own land.
+
+9 ^[ To'' the prophets — Broken is my heart
+within me; all my bones shake; I am like a
+drunken man, and like a person whom wine
+hath overcome, because of the Lord, and be-
+cause" of his holy words.
+
+10 For of adulterers is the land full; for
+because of ftxlse* swearing mourneth the land,
+dried up are the pastures in the wilderness;
+because their course was for evil, and their
+strength was for injustice.
+
+11 For both prophet and priest are hypo-
+crites: yea, in my ow4a house have I found
+their wickedness, saith the Lord.
+
+12 Therefore shall their way be unto them
+as slippery ways in the darkness; they shall
+be pushed forward, and foil thereon; for I
+will l)ring upon them evil, the year of their
+punishment, saith the Lord.
+
+13 ^[ And on the prophets of Samaria have
+I seen absurdity: they prophesied by Ba'al,
+and misled my people Israel.
+
+14 ^ But on the prophets of Jerusalem
+have I seen a horrible thing; they commit
+adultery, and walk in falsehood; and they
+strengthen the hands of evil-doers, so that
+not one of these doth return from his wicked-
+ness : they are become unto me all of them
+as Sodom, and its inhabitants as Gomorrah.
+
+15 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+of hosts concerning the prophets. Behold, I
+will feed them with wormwood, and make
+them drink poison-water; for from the pro-
+
+' Rashi, "The Lord will justify us in the days of this
+jne." See also the name of Jacob's altar, (fTen. xxsiii.
+20;) and that of Moses, (Esod. xvii. 15,) &c.
+
+'' According to all the modern translators, □■N3j'7 ''To
+the prophets," forms a sort of address to the succeeding
+discourse; but Rashi and others, "Because of the (words
+of the) prophets my heart is broken," &c.
+
+
+phets of Jerusalem is hypocrisy gone forth
+over all the land.
+
+16 ][ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+Hearken not unto the words of the prophets
+that prophesy unto you, they bring you unto
+vanit}-: a vision of their own heart do they
+ever speak, not out of the mouth of the Lord.
+
+17 They say indeed unto those that in-
+cense" me, The Lord hath spoken, Peace
+shall ye have: and unto every one that
+walketh in the stubboriniess of his own
+heart, they said. There sliall come no evil
+upon you.
+
+18 For who hath stood in the secret coun-
+sel of the Lord, that he could perceive and
+hear his word? who hath listened to his
+word and heard it?
+
+19 ^ Behold, the storm-wind of the Lord
+is gone forth in fury, 3'ea,' a whirling storm :
+upon the head of the wicked shall it fall
+grievousl}'.
+
+20 The anger of the Lord will not return,
+until he have executed, and until he have ful-
+filled the purposes of his heart: in the end
+of days shall ye understand this fully.
+
+21 I had not sent these prophets, yet they
+ran : I had not spoken to them, yet they pro-
+phesied.
+
+22 But if they had stood in my secret
+counsel, they should have announced my
+words to my people, and have caused them
+to turn back from their evil way, and from
+the wrongfulness of their doings.
+
+23 ^ Am I a God for tho.se'^' near at hand,
+saith the Lord, and not a God for those who
+are afar off?
+
+24 If a man should hide himself in secret
+places should I not then see him? saith the
+Lord. Do I not fill the heavens and the
+earth? saith the Lord.
+
+25 I have heard what the prophets have
+said, that prophesy falsely in my niime, say-
+ing, I have dreamt, I have dreamt.
+
+26 How long shall'* it be in the heart of
+the prophets that prophesy falsehood? ^ea,
+
+'' Rashi. But others, "the curse."
+
+' Jonathan : /. c. by their wickedness. Others, " de-
+spise." Others, "reject."
+
+' Rashi, "an abiding storm;" one that passeth but
+slowly away.
+
+« Rashi.
+Rashi explains, " How long will they prophesy fals
+
+
+° Redak, "because the Lord is profaned," &e. by these ^j hood? do those false prophets have in their heart to ac-
+prophets. Il complish their tlioughts, as they think to," &c.
+
+54&
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXIIJ. XXIV.
+
+
+the prophets of the deceit, of their own |
+heart, — i
+
+27 (IIow long) do they think to cause my
+people to forget my name by their dreams
+which they relate every man to his neigh-
+bour, as their fathers forgot my name for the
+sake of Ba'al ?
+
+28 The prophet that hath had a dream, let
+him relate his dream; and he that hath re-
+ceived my word, let him speak my word of
+trutli." What hath the straw to do with the
+corn?'' saith the Lord.
+
+29 Is not thus my word, like the fire?
+saith the Lord, and like a hannner that
+shivereth the rock?
+
+30 Therefore, behold, I am against the
+prophets, saith the Lord, that steal my words
+every one from his neiglibour.
+
+31 Behold, I am against the jjrophets,
+saith the Lord, that use their own word," and
+say, (The Lord) saith.
+
+32 Behold, I am against those that pro-
+phesy with false dreams, saith the Lord, and
+do relate them, and mislead my people by
+their talsehoods, and by their vain boasting:''
+while I have not sent them, nor commanded
+them; and they cannot bring the least profit
+to this people, saith the Lord.
+
+33 And if this people, or the prophet, or a
+priest, should ask thee, saying. What is the
+message" of the Lord? then shalt thou say
+unto them, Because*^ of this " What is the
+message?" will I even cast you oft', saith the
+Lord.
+
+34 And as for the prophet, and the priest,
+and the people, that will say, "A message
+of the Lord," I will even intlict punishment
+on that man and on his house.
+
+35 Thus shall ye say every one to his
+neighbour, and every one to his brother.
+What hath the Lord answered? and, What
+hath the Lord spoken?
+
+36 But " A message of the Lord" shall ye
+not mention any more; for the message
+Cometh indeed to the man of his (prophetic)
+
+' Jorciniah here draws a strong distiTiction between a
+dream of a tnie vision, and a base invention of deceivers;
+tbey who speak, themselves must know what is trnc.
+
+' What has falsehood in counnon with truth?
+
+= Lit. "take their t(mf;ne." Kashi, "that teach their
+tongue to say their falsehoods."
+
+■^ Kashi, " Ktourdis!-ant," "stunning," "astounding
+talk." Redak, "trifling."
+
+5:j(>
+
+
+word f but ye pervert the words of the living
+God, of the Lord of hosts our God.
+
+37 Thus shalt thou say to the prophet,
+What hath the Lord answered thee? and.
+What hath the Lord spoken?
+
+38 But if ye will say, "A message of the
+Lord," then thus saith the Lord, Because ye
+say this word, " A message of the Lord," and I
+have sent unto you, saying. Ye shall not say,
+
+
+" A message of the Lord :"
+
+
+and had brought
+
+
+39 Therefore, behold, I am here, and I will
+tear you completely away, and I will cast you
+oft", and the city that I have given to you and
+to your fathers, out of my presence ;
+
+40 And I will lay upon you an everlasting
+disgrace, and a perpetual shame, which shall
+not be forgotten.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ The Lord caused me to see, and, be-
+hold, there were two baskets of figs placed
+before the temple of the Lord, after Ne-
+buchadrezzar the king of Babylon had carried
+away into exile Yechonyahu the son of Ye-
+hoyakim the king of Judah, and the princes
+of Judah, with the carpenters and the lock-
+smiths, from Jerusalem
+them to Babylon.
+
+2 The one basket (had) very good figs, like
+the figs that are first ripe : and the other
+basket (had) very bad figs, which could not
+be eaten, from being so bad.
+
+3 *i\ Then said the Lord unto me, What
+seest thou, Jeremiah ? And I said. Figs : the
+good figs, are very good ; and the bad ones,
+tire very bad, which cainiot be eaten, from
+being so bad.
+
+4 ^1 And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+5 Thus hath said the Lord, the God of
+Israel, Like these good figs, so will I acknow-
+ledge the exiles of Judah, whom I have sent
+away from this jilace into the land of the
+Chaldeans,for good.
+
+G And I will set my eye ujjon them tor
+
+
+■^ Rendered in Isaiah generally with "doom," which it
+properly means here also.
+
+'After Philippson. Zunz, "then tell them wdiat the
+message is, I will," &c.
+
+' The true prophet. We have followed Rashi. But
+Philippson, "for every man shall bear such a word, be-
+cause ye," &c. ; but the sense of the whole pa.ssage is to
+warn people against assuming the prophetic office.
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXIV. XXV.
+
+
+good, ami I \\\\\ cause them to I'etuni again
+to this land; and I will build them up, and
+not pull them down; and I will plant them,
+and not pluck them up.
+
+7 And I will give them a lieart to know
+me, that I am the Lord : and they shall be
+unto me for a people, and I will be unto them
+for God ; for they will return unto me with
+all their heart.
+
+8 ][ And like the bad figs, which cannot
+be eaten, from being so bad, surely thus hath
+said the Lord, So will I render Zedekiah the
+king of Judah, and his princes, and the resi-
+due of Jerusalem, that remain in this land,
+and those that dwell in the land of Egypt ;
+
+9 And I will make them a horror because"
+of (their) mishaps unto all the kingdoms of
+the earth, a disgrace and a pro^■er]J, a byword
+and a curse, in all the places whither I will
+drive them.
+
+10 And I will send out against them the
+sword, the famine, and the pestilence, till they
+be destroyed from off the land that I had
+given unto them and to their fiithei's.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 T[ The word that came to Jeremiah con-
+cerning all the people of Judah, in the fourth
+year of Jehoyakim the son of Josiah the king
+of Judah, which is the first year of Nebuchad-
+rezzar the king of Babylon ;
+
+2 Which Jeremiah the prophet spoke con-
+cerning all the people of Judah, and to all
+the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying,
+
+3 From the thirteenth year of Josiah the
+son of Anion the king of Judah, e\'en until
+this day, that is now three and twenty years,
+the word of the Lord hath come unto me,
+and I have spoken unto you, rising early and
+speaking ; but ye have not hearkened.
+
+4 And the Lord hath sent unto you all his
+servants the prophets, niaking (them) rise
+early and sending (them); but ye have not
+hearkened, and have not inclined your ear to
+hear.
+
+5 They said, 0 do turn away every one
+from liis evil way, and from the wrongfulness
+of your doings ; and ye shall remain in the
+
+
+• Ra,shi. Zunz, "a horror, a misfortune.''
+
+■■ Travellers remark, that in the East, everyivhere in ,
+
+the morning may be heard the noise of the mills, which ' „...g,, „^ ..g... „. >.,^ ,..^..
+
+often awakens people; for they generally grind every day ' ing, there must be an utter desolation
+
+
+land that the Lord hatii gi\('u uuto \()u and
+to your fathers, for from eternity to eternity;
+
+6 And go not after other gods to serve
+them, and to bow down to them, and provoke
+me not to anger with the works of your
+hands; and I will not injure you.
+
+7 Yet have ye not hearkened unto me,
+saith the Lord: in order that _\e might pro-
+voke me to anger with the works of your own
+hands to your own injury.
+
+8 Therefore thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts. Because ye have not hearkened to my
+words :
+
+9 Behold, I will send and take all the
+families of the north, saith the Lord, and to
+Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my ser-
+vant, and I will l)ring them over this land, and
+over its inhabitants, and over all the.se nations
+round about, and I will utterly destroy them,
+and make tliem an astonishment, and a deri-
+sion, and perpetual ruins.
+
+10 And I will banish from them the voice of
+gladness, and the Aoiee of joy, the voice of the
+bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the
+sound of the mill,'' and the light of the lamp.
+
+11 And this whole land shall become a
+ruin and an (object of) astonishment ; and
+these nations shall serve the king of Babylon
+seventy years.
+
+12 And it shall come to pass, when seventy
+years are completed, that I will visit on the
+king of Babylon, and on that nation, saith the
+Lord, their iniquity, and on the land of the
+Chaldeans, and will change it into perpetual
+desolations.
+
+13 And I will bring over that land all my
+words which I have spoken concerning it,
+all that is written in this book, which Jere-
+miah hath prophesied concerning all the
+nations.
+
+14 For when many nations and great kings
+shall have made them also serve: I will then
+recompense them according to their deeds, and
+according to the work of their own hands.
+
+15 \ For thus hath said the Lord the God
+of Israel unto me. Take the cup of the wine
+of this fury out of my hand, and cause all
+the nations to whom I send thee to drink it.
+
+
+just as much as may be necessary for the day's consump-
+tion. Where, then, the noise of the mill is not heard in
+the morning, nor the light of the caudle .seen in the even-
+
+
+551
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXV.
+
+
+16 And they shall diink, and reel about,
+and be mad, because of the swoi-d that I Avill
+send among them.
+
+17 And I took the cup out of the hand of
+the Lord, and caused to drink all the nations,
+unto whom the Lord had sent me:
+
+18 Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and
+its kings, and its princes, to make them a
+ruin, an astonishment, a derision, and a curse ;
+as it is this day;
+
+19 Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and his
+servants, and his princes, and all his peo-
+ple;
+
+20 And all the confederated nations, and
+all the kings of the land of 'Uz, and all the
+kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ash-
+kelon, and Gazzah, and 'Ekron, and the rem-
+nant of Ashdod ;
+
+21 Edom, and Moiib, and the children of
+'Amnion ;
+
+22 And all the kings of Tjre, and all the
+Jvings of Zidon, and the kings of the isle"
+wliich is beyond the sea;
+
+23 Dedan, and Thema, and Buz, and all
+those that have their hair cut round;
+
+24 And all the kings of Arabia, and all
+the kings of the confederated nations that
+dwell in the wilderness;
+
+25 And all the kings of Zimri, and all the
+kings of 'Elam, and all the kings of Media ;
+
+26 And all the kings of the north, that are
+far and that are near, one with another,'' and
+all the kingdoms of the world, which are
+upon the face of the earth ; and the king of
+Sheshach" shall drink after them.
+
+27 And thou shalt say unto them. Thus
+hath said the Lord of hosts, the God of
+Israel, Drink ye, and become drunken,
+and vomit, and fall, and rise no more, be-
+cause of the sword, which I am sending
+among you.
+
+28 And it shall l)e, if they refuse to take
+the cup out of thy hand to drink, that thou
+shalt say unto them, Thus hath said the
+Lord of hosts, Ye must certainly drink;
+
+29 For lo, on the city which is called by
+my name, I begin to intlict evil, and ye will
+
+' Philippson, "the coa.stland which in beyond the sea."
+ZuDZ, "of the isle which is by the sea."
+
+'' Zuuz, "who are near or far from one another."
+
+° Babylon.
+
+'' Tiic word □o'nixisni Is of diffienlt construction : wo
+have followed Zunz, who supplies, " I will bring along" —
+
+
+remain utterly unpunished ? Ye shall not
+remain unpunished; for a sword am I calling
+up over all the inhabitants of the earth, saith
+the Lord of hosts.
+
+30 But thou, do thou prophesy concerning
+them all these words, and say unto them.
+The Lord will cry aloud from on high, and
+from his holy habitation will he send forth
+his voice; he will cry out very loudly over
+his habitation ; the vintner's call, as they that
+tread out the grapes, will he lift up against
+all the inhabitants of the earth.
+
+31 A tumultuous noise cometh even to the
+ends of the earth; for the Lord hath a contro-
+versy with the nations, he holdeth judgment
+over all ilesh: the wicked, — these he giveth
+up to the sword, saith the Lord.
+
+32 T[ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, Be-
+hold, evil goeth ibrth from nation to nation,
+and a great storm-wind waketh up from the
+farthest ends of the earth.
+
+33 And the slain of the Lord shall be on
+that day from one end of the earth even unto
+the other end of the earth : they shall not be
+lamented, nor gathered up, nor buried; they
+shall be as dung upon the surface of the
+ground.
+
+34 Wail, ye shepherds, and cry; and roll
+yourselves about (in the dust), ye leaders of
+the flocks ; for fidl are your days for you to
+be slaughtered, and I will scatter* you ; and
+ye shall fall like a costly vessel.
+
+35 And lost shall be the place of refuge for
+the shepherds, and the escape for the leaders
+of the flocks to escape.
+
+36 There is the voice of the cry of anguish
+of the shepherds, and the wailing of the leaders
+of the flocks; for the Lord hath devastated
+their pasture.
+
+37 And in silent desolation lie the pasture-
+lands of peace, because of the fierceness of the
+anger of the Lord.
+
+38 He hath forsaken his covert, like the
+young lion ;'" for their land is become desolate,
+because of the fierceness of the wasting
+(sword), and because of the fierceness of his
+
+
+"your scatterings." Ilashi supplies, "shall approach to
+come;" thus, "and your scatterings shall approach to
+come." " Like a costly vessel," is so explained by Ilashi :
+"If you will sa}', We are honourable — there is many a pre-
+cious crystal vessel which falloth and is broken."
+
+• Redak supplies, " who findeth no prey in his den."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXVI.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+
+1 '\\ In the beginning of the reign of Jeho-
+yakim the son of Josiah the king of Judah
+came this word from the Lord, saying,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord, Place thyself
+in the court of the house of the Lord, and
+speak against all of the cities of Judah, who
+come to prostrate themselves in the house of
+the Lord, all the words that I have com-
+manded thee to speak unto them : omit not a
+word (thereof);
+
+3 Perhaps it be that they will hearken,
+and return every man from his evil way,
+that I may bethink me of the evil, which I
+purpose to do unto them, because of the
+wrongfulness of their doings.
+
+4 And thou shalt say unto them, Thus
+hath said the Lord, If ye will not hearken
+unto me, to walk in my law. which 1 have
+set before you,
+
+5 To hearken unto the words of my ser-
+vants the prophets, whom I send unto you,
+yea, making them rise up early, and sending
+them, while ye have not hearkened :
+
+G Then will I render this house like Shi-
+loh, and this city will I render a curse unto
+all the nations of the earth.
+
+7 ^ And the priests and the prophets and
+all the people heard Jeremiah speaking these
+words in the house of the Lord.
+
+8 And it came to pass, when Jeremiah had
+finished speaking all that the Lord had com-
+manded (him) to speak unto all the people,
+that the priests and the jn-opliets and all the
+
+■people seized on him, saying. Thou shalt
+surely die.
+
+9 Why hast thou prophesied in the name
+of the Lord, saying, Like .Shiloh shall this
+house be, and this city shall be ruined, (left)
+without an inhabitant? And all the people
+assembled themselves against Jeremiah in the
+house of the Lord.
+
+10 But when the princes of Judah heard
+these things, they came up from the king's
+house unto the house of the Lord, and sat
+down at the entrance of the new gate of the
+Lord's house.
+
+11 Then said the priests and the prophets
+unto the princes and unto all the people, as fol-
+loweth. This man deserveth the punishment
+of death ; for he hath prophesied against this
+city, as ye have heard with your own ears.
+
+3U
+
+
+12 Tlicu Miitl .Icrcniiah unto all the princes
+and luito all the people, as followeth, The
+Lord liatli sent me to prophesy against this
+house and against this citv all the words that
+ye have heard.
+
+13 But now amend your ways and your
+doings, and hearken to the voice of the Lord
+your God: and the Lord will bethink him of
+the evil that he hath spoken against you.
+
+14 As for me, behold, I am in your hand :
+do with me as seemeth good and just in \our
+eyes.
+
+1-5 But know ye for certain, that if ye put
+me to death, ye will surely place (the guilt of)
+innocent blood upon yourselves, and upon
+this city, and upon its inhabitants ; for in
+truth hath the Lord sent me unto yon to
+epeak in your ears all these words.
+
+16 Then said the princes and all the peo-
+ple unto the priests and to the prophets, This
+man is not deserving the punishment of
+death ; for in the name of the Lord our God
+hath he spoken unto us.
+
+17 And then rose up certain men of the
+elders of the land, and said to all the assembly
+of the people, as followeth,
+
+18 Michah the Morashtliite prophesied in
+the days of Hezekiah the king of Judah, and
+said to all the people of Judah, as followeth.
+Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, Zion shall
+be ploughed up like a field, and Jerusalem
+shall l)ecome heaps of ruins, and the mountain
+of the house, woody high-places.'*
+
+19 Did Hezekiah the king of Judah and all
+Judah attempt to put him to death? behold,
+he did fear the Lord, and besought the Lord,
+and the Lord bethought him of the evil which
+he had spoken against them. And shall we
+bring a great wickedness on our souls ?
+
+20 And there was also a man that prophe-
+sied in the name of the Lord, Uriyah the son
+of Shema'yahu of Kiryath-ye'arim, who pro-
+phesied against this city and against this land
+in accoi'dance with all the words of Jere-
+miah ;
+
+21 And when king Jehoyakim, with all
+his mighty men. and all the princes, heard
+his words, the king sought to put him to
+death ; but when Uriyahu heard it, he Avas
+afraid, and tied, and arriveil m Egypt ;
+
+22 But king Jehoyakim sent some men into
+
+
+Lit. " high-plai-c'S of a forest."
+
+
+553
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXVI. XXVIl.
+
+
+Egypt, namely, Elnathan the son of 'Aclibor.
+and some men with him into Egypt :
+
+23 And they fetched Uriyahu out of Egypt,
+and brouirht him unto kint!' Jehoyakim, who
+slew him with the sword, and cast his dead
+body upon the graves of the common j^eople.
+
+24 But the hand of Achikam the son of
+Sliaplian was witli Jeremiah, so as not to give
+him up into the hand of the people to put
+him to death.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIL
+
+1 ^ In the beginning of the reign of Jeho-
+yakim the son of Josiah the king of Judah
+came this word unto Jeremiah from the Lord,
+saying,
+
+2 Thus said the Lord to me, Make for
+thyself bands and yoke-bars, ami put them
+around thy neck,
+
+3 And send such to the king of Edom, and
+to the king of Moab, and to the king of the
+children of 'Amnion, and to the king of Tyre,
+and to the king of Zidon, by means of the
+messengers who come to Jerusalem unto Zede-
+kiah the king of Judah ;
+
+4 And thou shalt charge them unto their
+masters, saying. Thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts, the God of Israel, Thus shall ye say
+unto your masters,
+
+5 It is I who have made the earth, the
+men, and the beasts that are upon the fixce
+of the earth, by my great power and by my
+outstretched arm, and I have given it unto
+the one who seemeth proper in my eyes.
+
+6 And now it is I who have given all these
+countries into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar
+the king of Babylon, my servant; and also
+the beasts of the field have I given him to
+serve him.
+
+7 And all nations shall serve him, and
+his son, and his son's son, until the time of
+his land is also come in its turn : when many
+nations and great kings shall make it"
+serve.
+
+8 And it shall come to pass, that the na-
+tion and the kingdom which will not serve
+him, Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon,
+and that will not put its neck in the yoke of
+the king of Babylon, — even that nation will I
+punish with the sword, and with the famine,
+
+
+' Babylon, which .^hall in its turn full before other con-
+querors, tlie Medcs and I'ersiaus.
+
+554
+
+
+and witli the pestilence, saith the Lord, initil
+I have made an end of them l>y his hand.
+
+9 But do ye not hearken to your prophets,
+and to your diviners, and to your dreamers,
+and to your enchanters, and to your sorcerers,
+who speak unto you, saying. Ye shall not
+serve the king of Babylon ;
+
+10 For ftilsehood do they j^roi^hesy unto
+you, in order to remove you far from your
+huid; and that I might drive you out, and
+that ye might perish.
+
+11 But the nation that will bring its neck
+into the yoke of the king of Babylon, and
+serve him, — that one will I then let remain
+quietly in its own laud, saith the Lord : and it
+shall till it, and dwell therein.
+
+12 And unto Zedekiah the king of Judah
+did I speak in accordance with all these
+words, saying. Bring your neck into the yoke
+of the king of Babylon, and serve him and
+his people, that ye may live.
+
+13 Why will ye die, thou and thy people,
+by the sword, by the famine, and by the pes-
+tilence, as the Lord hath spoken concerning
+the nation that ^vill not serve the king of
+Babylon?
+
+14 And do ye not hearken unto the words
+of the prophets that say unto 3'ou, as follow-
+eth, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon ;
+for a falsehood do they prophesy unto you.
+
+15 For I have not sent them, saith the
+Lord, yet they prophesy in my name falsely :
+in order that I might drive you out, and that
+ye might perish, ye, and the prophets that
+prophesy unto you.
+
+IG And unto the jiriests and unto all this'
+people did I speak, saying, Thus hath said
+the Lord, Do not hearken to the words of
+yoiu' prophets that prophesy unto you, saying.
+Behold, the vessels'' of the house of the Lord
+shall be brought again from Babylon now
+speedily; for a falsehood do they prophesy
+unto you.
+
+17 Hearken not unto them; serve the king
+of Babylon, that ye may live : wherefore
+should this city become a ruin ?
+
+18 And if they be prophets, and if the word
+of the Lord be with them, let them now make
+intercession with the Lord of hosts, that the
+vessels which are left in the house of the
+
+'' " Which had been carried away with Jeohonyah." —
+Ra.siii.
+
+
+JEREMIATI XXVII. XXVIII.
+
+
+Lord, and in the house ofllie king of Judah,
+and at Jerusalem, may not be cari'ied" to
+Babvhm.
+
+19 ^1 For thus hath said the Lord of hosts
+of the pillars,'' and concerning the sea, and
+concerning the bases, and concerning the resi-
+due of the vessels that are left in this city,
+
+20 Which Nebuchadnezzar the king of
+Babylon did not take awaj', when he carried
+away into exile Jechonyah the son of Jehoya-
+kim the king of Judah from Jerusalem to
+Babylon, with all the nobles of Judah and
+Jerusalem ;
+
+21 ][ (Yea) for thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts, the God of Israel, concerning the vessels
+that are left in the house of the Lord, and in
+the house of the king of Judah and in Jeru-
+salem,
+
+22 Unto Babylon shall they be carried,
+and there shall they remain until the day
+that I think of them, saith the Lord, when I
+will bring them up, and restore them to this
+place.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass in the same year,
+in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah the
+king of Judah, in the fourth year,'' in the fifth
+month, that there said unto me Chananyah the
+son of 'Azzur the prophet, who w%'is from Gib-
+'on, in the house of the Lord, before the eyes
+of the priests, and of all the people, as fol-
+io weth,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, saying, I have broken the yoke
+of the king of Babylon ;
+
+3 Within yet two years' time will I cause
+to be brought back unto this place all the
+vessels of the house of tlie Lord, which Nebu-
+chadnezzar the king of Babylon liath taken
+away from this place, and which he hath
+carried to Babylon :
+
+4 And Jechonyah the son of Jehoyakim
+the king of Judah, and all the exiles of
+Judah that are gone to Babylon, will I cause
+to return to this place, saith the Lord ; for
+I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon.
+
+5 Then said Jeremiah the prophet unto
+Chananyah the prophet before the eyes of the
+
+•Heb. "come."
+
+' See 1 Kings vii. 15, &o.; 2 Kings xxv. 13, &c.
+
+" This is explained that Zedekiah commenced his reign
+
+
+priests, and before the eyes of all the people
+that stood in the house of the Lord,
+
+G Yea, then said Jeremiah the prophet.
+Amen, may the Lord do so : may the Lord
+fulfil thy words which thou hast prophesied,
+to cause the vessels of the Lord's house, and
+all that have been carried into exile, to be
+brought back from Babylon unto this place.
+
+7 Nevertheless hear thou now this word
+which I speak before thy cars, and Ijefore the
+ears of all the people :
+
+8 The prophets that have been before me
+and before thee from olden times propliesied
+both concerning many countries, and against
+great kingdoms, respecting war, and respect-
+ing evil, and respecting pestilence.
+
+9 The prophet who prophesieth of peace,
+when the word of the prophet doth come to
+pass, then shall the pr02)het be known, (as
+the one) whom the Lord hath sent in truth.
+
+10 Then took Chananyah the prophet the
+yoke-bar from oft" the neck of Jeremiah the
+prophet, and broke it.
+
+11 And Chananyah said before the eyes
+of all the people, as followeth. Thus hath said
+the Lord, Even so will I break the yoke of Ne-
+buchadnezzar the king of Babylon within two
+years' time from the neck of all the nations.
+And Jeremiah the prophet went his way.
+
+12 ^ Then came the word of the Lord
+unto Jeremiah, after Chananyah t4ie prophet
+had broken the yoke-l^ar from oft' the neck of
+Jeremiah the px'ophet, saying,
+
+13 Go and say unto Chananyah as follow-
+eth. Thus hath said the Lord, Yoke-bars of
+wood hast thou broken ; but thou shalt make
+in their stead yoke-bars of iron.
+
+14 For thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+the God of Israel, A yoke of iron have I
+placed upon the neck of all these nations,
+that they may serve Nebuchadnezzar the king
+of Babylon ; and they shall work for him :
+and also the beasts of the field have I given him.
+
+15 Then said Jeremiali the prophet unto
+Chananyah the prophet, Hear now, Chanan-
+yah, The Lord did not send thee ; but thou
+hast caused this people to trust on a false-
+hood.
+
+16 Therefore thus hath said the Lord, Be-
+
+
+in the fourth year after the release year, and that the
+
+temple was destroyed at the first year after the release j
+
+i. e. the eleventh of Zedekiah.
+
+i,rjr,
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXVIII. XX IX.
+
+
+hold. I will send thee awav from off the face
+of the earth : this year shalt thou die, because
+thou hast spoken rebellion against the Lord.
+17 So Chananyah the prophet died in that
+same year, in the seventh month.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 Tf And these are the words of the letter
+that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusa-
+lem unto the residue of the elders of the ex-
+iles, and to the priests, and to the prophets,
+and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar
+had carried away into exile from Jerusalem
+to Babylon ;
+
+2 (After king Jechonyah and the queen-
+mother, and the court-officers, the princes
+of Judah and Jerusalem, and the carpen-
+ters, and the locksmiths, wei'e departed from
+Jerusalem ;)
+
+3 By the hand of El'assah the son of Sha-
+phan, and Gemaryah the son of Chilkiyah,
+(whom Zedekiah the king of Judah sent unto
+Babylon to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Baby-
+lon,) saying,
+
+4 Tlius hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, unto all the exiles, whom I
+have caused to be carried into exile from Je-
+rusalem unto Babylon,
+
+5 Build ye houses, and dwell therein ; and
+plant gaiTlens, and eat their fruit ;
+
+6 Take ye wives, and beget sons and
+daughters ; and take waves for your sons, and
+give your daughters to husbands, that they
+may bear sons and daughters: that ye may
+multiply there, and not be diminished.
+
+7 And seek the welfare" of the city whither
+I have banished you, and pray in its Ix'half
+unto the Lord; for in its welfare shall ye fare
+well.
+
+8 Tl For thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+the God of Israel, Let not your prophets, that
+are in the midst of you, and your diviners, de-
+ceive you, and do not hearken to your dreams
+which ye cause'' to be dreamt;
+
+9 For with falsehood do they prophesy
+unto you in my name: I have not sent them,
+saith the Lord.
+
+10 'W For thus hath said the Lord, Because
+only after the accomplishment of seventy
+
+
+3-ears for Babylon, will I visit you, and fulfil
+respecting you my good word, in causing you
+to return to this place.
+
+11 For I alone know the thoughts that I
+entertain respecting you, saith the Lord,
+thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you
+a (happy) future and hope.
+
+12 And you will call upon me, and ye will
+g(/ and will pray unto me, and I will hearken
+unto you.
+
+13 And ye will seek me, and shall find me,
+for ye will search for me with all your heart.
+
+14 And I will be found of you, saith the
+Lord ; and I will bring back your captivity,
+and I will gather you from all the nations,
+and from all the places whither I have driven
+you, saith the Lord ; and I will cause you to re-
+turn unto the place whence I have ban islied you.
+
+15 Because ye have said. The Lord hath
+raised us up prophets in Babylon.
+
+16 ^ But thus hath said the Lord concern-
+ing the king that sitteth upon the throne of
+David, and concerning all the people that
+dwell in this city, your brethren that are not
+gone forth with you into exile ;
+
+17 Tl Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+Behold, I will send out against them the
+sword, the famine, and the pestilence ; and I
+will render them like the detestable figs, that
+cannot be eaten, from being so bad.
+
+18 And I wall pursue after them with the
+sword, with the famine, and with the pes-
+tilence, and will make them a horror unto
+all the kingdoms of the earth, a curse, and
+an astonishment, and a derision, and a dis-
+grace, among all the nations whither I have
+driven them ;
+
+19 For the reason that they have not
+hearkened to my words, saith the Lord, since
+I sent unto them my servants the prophets,
+causing them to rise up early and sending
+them ; but ye would not hear, saith the Lord.
+
+20 But ye — hear ye the word of the Lord,
+all ye exiles whom I have sent away from
+Jerusalem to Babylon.
+
+21 Tl Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, concerning Achab the son of
+Kolayah, and of Zedekiali tlie son of Ma'asse-
+yah, who prophesy unto you in my name
+
+
+•Lit. "peace," or the state of well-being resulting
+Uienee.
+
+bRcdak; ?'. r. are the cause of these being flreaint by | ' Kashi supplies, " in my ways."
+
+
+the false prophets, by listening to them. Zunz, " which
+you clream.'
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXIX. XXX.
+
+
+falsehood, Behold, I will give them up into
+the hand of Nebuehadrezzar the king of
+Bal)3lon : and he .shall smite them before
+your eyes.
+
+22 And a curse shall be derived IVom them
+for all the exiles of Judah who are in Baby-
+lon, saying, " May the Lokd make thee like
+Zedekiah and like Achab, whom the king of
+Babvon roasted in the fire ;"
+
+23 Beeause they have done scandalous
+deeds in Israel, and have committed adultery
+with the wives of their neighbours, and have
+spoken in my name falsehood, which I had
+not commanded them ; whereas I am the one
+that know, and am the witness, saith the
+Lord.
+
+24 ^ And to Shema'jahu the Nechelamite
+shalt thou say, as foUoweth,
+
+25 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, saying. Because thou hast sent
+in thy name letters unto all the people that
+are at Jerusalem, and to Zephanyah the son
+of Ma'asse3-ah the pi'iest, and to all the
+priests, saying,
+
+20 The Lord hath appointed thee priest in
+the place of Jehojada' the priest, that ye
+should be superintendents in the house of
+the Lord, for ev^ei'y man that is mad, and
+that prophesieth, that thou shouldst put him
+in the stocks, and in prison :"
+
+27 And now, why hast thou not rebuked Je-
+remiah of 'Anathoth, who prophesieth to you?
+
+28 For the reason that he hath sent unto
+us to Babylon, saying. It will last a long
+time: liuild ye houses, and dwell therein;
+and plant gardens, and eat the fruit thereof.
+
+29 And Zephanyah the priest read the
+letter before the ears of Jeremiah the prophet.
+
+30 T[ Then came the word of the Lord
+unto Jeremiah, saying,
+
+31 Send to all the exiles, saying. Thus
+hath said the Lord concerning Shema'jah the
+Nechlamite, Whereas Shema'yah hath pro-
+phesied unto you, while I have not sent him,
+and he hath caused you to rely on a falsehood :
+
+32 Therefore thus hath said the Lord, Be-
+hold, I will inflict punishment on Shema'yah
+the Nechlamite, and on his seed; he .shall not
+have a man to dwell in the midst of this peo-
+
+
+' Redak, " hand-cuffs."
+
+'' Lit. "changed into paleness.''
+
+' Rasbi. Others, " aeuordin"; ti
+
+
+light," " as is proper/'
+
+
+I pie; and he shall nut behold the good that I
+am doing for my people, saith the Lord ; be-
+cause he hath spoken revolt against the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 ^[ The word that came to Jeremiah from
+the Lord, saying,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord the God of
+Israel, saying. Write thee all the words that
+I have spoken unto thee in a book.
+
+3 For, behold, days are coming, saith the
+Lord, when I will bring back again the cap-
+tivity of my people Israel and Judah, saith
+the Lord ; and I will cause them to I'eturn to
+the land that I have given to their flithers,
+and they shall possess it.
+
+4 ^ And these are the words that the
+Lord spoke concerning Israel and concerning
+Judah ;
+
+5 For thus hath said the Lord, A voice of
+terror have we heard, dread, and no peace.
+
+6 Ask ye now, and see whether a male
+doth give birth to a child ? wherefore do I see
+every man with liis hands on his loins, as a
+woman in giving birth ? and why are all faces
+turned pale?*"
+
+7 Alas! for that day is great, there is none
+like it ; and a time of distress it is unto Jacob;
+yet out of it shall he be saved.
+
+8 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+saith the Lord of hosts, that I will break his
+yoke fi'om oft" thy neck, and thy bands will I
+burst asunder; and strangers shall not make
+him serve any more;
+
+9 But they shall serve the Lord their God,
+and David their king, whom I will raise up
+unto them.
+
+10 And thou — do not fear, 0 my servant
+Jacob, saith the Lord; and be not dismayed,
+0 Israel ; for, behold, I will save thee from
+afar, and thy seed fro'm the land of their cap-
+tivitj' : and Jacob shall return, and shall be at
+rest, and be secure, with none to terrify him.
+
+11 For with thee am I, saith the Lord, to
+save thee : though I make a full end of all
+the nations whither I have scattered thee,
+yet of thee will I not make a full end; but I
+will correct thee in moderation," and will not
+leave thee altogether unpunished.'^
+
+
+'' Rashi, "but I will not destroy thee totally;" mean-
+ing the punishment shall be a correction; but not a de-
+struction of Israel,
+
+557
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXX. XXXI.
+
+
+12 *i] Foi thus hutli said the Lord, Incura-
+ble is thy bruise, and painful, thy wound.
+
+13 There is no one to plead tliy cause, to
+bind up (thy wound): useful" remedies there
+are none for thee.
+
+14 All thy lovers have forgotten thee; thee
+they seek not ; for with the blow of an enemy
+have I smitten thee, Avith cruel chastisement,
+for the multitude of thy iniquity, because thy
+sins were so numerous.
+
+15 Why wilt thou cry out because of thy
+breach? for thy pain which is incurable? be-
+cause of the multitude of thy iniquity, because
+thy sins were so numerous, have I done these
+things unto thee.
+
+IG Nevertheless all they that devour thee
+shall be devoured; and all thy adversaries, all
+of thorn, shall go into captivity; and they
+that plunder thee shall be (given up) to plun-
+der, and all that prey upon thee will I give
+u]) for a prey.
+
+17 For I will place a healing plaster on
+thy bruise,'' and of thy wounds will I cure
+thee, saith the Lord; because they called
+thee "an Outcast," "This is Zion, whom no
+one seeketh after."
+
+18 *\\ Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, I
+will bring back again the captivity of the
+tents of Jacob, and on his dwelling-places
+Avill I have mercy; and the city shall be
+relniilt upon her own heap of ruins, and the
+palace shall be inhabited after its (ancient)
+manner.
+
+19 And there shall proceed out of them
+thanksgiving, and the voice of those that
+make merry: and I will multiply them, and
+they shall not be diminished; I will also
+make them numerous," and they shall not be
+made few in number.
+
+20 And their children shall be as afore-
+times, and their congregation shall be fii'mly
+established before me, and I will punish all
+that oppress them.
+
+21 And their leader shall l)e of themselves,
+mid their ruler shall [)i-oceed from the midst
+of them; and I will cause him to draw near,
+
+
+" Philippson, "a remedy to cicatrizo," /. e. the wound.
+
+'' See above, viii. 22. Rashi, siiii]ily, "healing;" "I
+will bring up healing for thee."
+
+° llashi. Others, "I will give them honour and tiii'y
+siiall not bo of little iuiportancc."
+
+'' Kaslii. (Secxxiii. 19.) Philippson, "raging." Zunz,
+"gatheriuir."
+DOB
+
+
+and he shall approach unto me ; for who is
+this that will venture of his own heart to ap-
+proach unto me? saith the Lord.
+
+22 And ye shall be unto me for a people,
+and I will be unto you for a God.
+
+2.3 ^ Behold, the storm-wind of the Lord
+goeth forth with fury, an aljiding'^ storm-wind :
+upon the head of the wiclved shall it fall.
+
+24 The fierceness of the anger of the Lord
+will not turn back, imtil he have done, and
+until he have fulfilled the purposes of his
+heart : in the latter days shall ye understand
+this.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 Tl At the same time, saith the Lord,
+will I be the God for all the families of Is-
+rael, and they shall be unto me for a people.
+
+2 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, The people
+of those that are escaped of the sword foimd
+grace in the wilderness, — even Israel, when
+it went to find rest.
+
+3 "From afar is the Lord appeared unto
+me," (saying,) Yea, with an everlasting love
+have I loved thee; therefore have I guided'
+thee with loving-kindness.
+
+4 Yet again will I build thee up, and thou
+shalt be built, 0 virgin of Israel: yet again
+shalt thou adorn thy timbrels, and go forth
+in the dances of those that make merry.
+
+5 Yet again shalt thou plant vineyards
+upon the mountains of Samaria: the planters
+shall plant, and shall redeem the fruit.*^
+
+6 For there cometh a day, that the watch-
+ers call out upon the mountain of Ephraim,
+Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the
+Lord our God.
+
+7 ]| For thus hath said the Lord, Sing for
+Jacob with joy, and shout at the head of
+the nations: publish ye, praise ye, and say,
+The Lord hath helpedi^ thy people, the rem-
+nant of Israel.
+
+8 Behold, I will bring them from the north
+country, and I will gather them from the
+farthest ends of the earth, among tliem the
+blind and the lame, the pregnant woman and
+
+
+' Jonathan. Philippson, "bore kindness for thee."
+Zunz, "followed thee." Redak, "drew toward thee."
+Others, "drawn thee."
+
+' t. e. The fruit of the fourth year after planting (See
+Lev. .xix. 2:3, 2,5 ; Deut. xx. 6.)
+
+* Jonathan. Philippson, "Thou hast holpril." Zunz.
+"Help, 0 LoRli;" and so I<]nglish version.
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXI.
+
+
+she that travaileth with chiW together: a
+givat a.ssenibly shall they return hither.
+
+1) With weeping shall thej- come, and with
+supplications will I bring them in : I will
+lead them 1>y brooks of water in a straight
+way, whereon they shall not stumble; for I
+am become a father to Israel, and Ephraim is
+my first-born.
+
+ID Tl Hear the word of the Lokd, 0 ye na-
+tions, and tell it in the isles afar off, and say,
+He that scattereth Israel will gather him, and
+keep him, as a shepherd his Hock.
+
+11 For the Lord hath ransomed Jacob,
+and redeemed him out of the hand of one
+stronger than he.
+
+12 And they shall come and sing on the
+height of Zion, and shall come together as
+a sti'eam to the goodness" of the Lord, for
+wheat, and for wine, and for oil, and for the
+young of the flocks and of the herds, and
+their soul shall be as a well-watered garden ;
+and they shall not farther experience grief
+any more.
+
+13 Then shall the virgin rejoice in the
+dance, and youth and old men together : and
+I will change their mourning into gladness.
+
+
+17 And there is hope Ihv (thee in) thy
+future, saith the Lord, and thy children shall
+return to their own borders.
+
+18 I have indeed heard Ephraim bemoan-
+ing himself, " Thou hast cliastised me, and I
+was chastised, as an untamed calf; cause me
+to return, and I will return; for thou art the
+Lord m}- God.
+
+19 Surely after m}' returning, I repent;
+and .after I am made conscious (by punish-
+ment). I smite upon my tliigh : I am ashamed,
+yea, I am confounded, because I bear the dis-
+grace of my youth."
+
+20 Is not Ephraim a dear son unto me?
+or a child that I dandle? for whenever I
+speak of him, I do earnestly remember him
+again : therefore are my inward parts'* moved
+for him; I will surely have mercy upon him,
+saith the Lord.
+
+21 ^ Set thyselfupwayniarks.plnce thyself
+pillars;'' direct thj- heart toward the high-
+way, the way which thou didst go: return,
+0 virgin of Israel, return to these tliy cities.
+
+22 How long wilt thou roam about, 0 thou
+backslidins; daughter? for the Lord hath
+created a new thins on the earth, The wo-
+
+
+and I will comfort them, and make them , man*^ will go a])out (seeking for) the husb ind.
+rejoice from their sorrow.
+
+14 And I will satiate the soul of the priests
+with fatness, and my people shall be satisfied
+with mj' goodness, saith the Lord.
+
+15 ]| Thus hath said the Lord, A voice is
+heard in Ramah,'' groaning, weeping, and
+bitter lamentation; Rachel is weeping for
+her children: she refuseth to be comforted for
+her children, because they are not (here) .
+
+16 T[ Thus hath said the Lord, Refrain
+thy voice from weeping, and thy eyes from
+tears; for there is a reward for thy work,"
+saith the Lord, and they shall return from
+the land of the enemy.
+
+" Zunz, "blessing." Jouiithan, "they shall rejoice at
+the," &c.
+
+'' Cmmnentators, "on high."
+
+' Redak, " For the work of thy children who have borne
+captivity many years and have not forgotten my name,
+nor transgressed my covenant." Rachel symbolic "for
+the whole people."
+
+'' Miehloi Yoplii, " the heart, the chief of the viscera,
+and the seat of thought, of which alone it can be said
+that it beats tumultuously."
+
+" Zunz. Rashi, "small date-palms;" but more pro-
+bably, palm-shaped columns, set on the road as guide-
+posts.
+
+' Rashi, " How long wilt thou hide thyself from me,
+
+
+23 ^ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+the God of Israel, Yet again shall they say
+this word in the land of Judali and in the
+cities thereof, when I will bring back again
+their captivity, — May the Lord bless thee, O
+habitation of righteousness, 0 holy mountain.
+
+21 And there shall dwell therein Judah,
+and in all his cities together, husbandmen,
+and they that move about with the flocks.
+
+25 For I have satiated the weary soul,
+and every grieving soul have I gratified.^
+
+20 For this did I awake, and looked about;
+and my sleep was sweet unto me.*"
+
+27 ^[ Behold, days, are coming, saith the
+
+because thou art ashamed to return to me because of thy
+course? behold, a new thing is created on the earth, that
+the female goeth about after the man to ask him to marry
+her." Israel is represented as the rebellious wife, (lod
+as the husband ; and when the time for the accomplish-
+ment of the Lord's promises comes, the faithless spouse
+will seek her readily forgiving, but, as it were, now absent
+husband. (See also Hosea ii. 9, 18; iii. 5.) Rashi ex-
+plains the verse also in this manner.
+
+8 Lit. "filled."
+
+'' I'hilippsou, referring n^V to Isaiah .\xiv. 11, "va-
+nished is all joy," translates, "and my sleep is vanished
+from me;" and presumes that God is represented as
+thoutrh he awoke from sleep to redeem Israel whom Ij^
+
+&53
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXI. XXXII.
+
+
+Lord, when I will sow the house of Israel
+and the house of Judah with the seed of man,
+and with the seed of cattle.
+
+28 And it shall come to pass, that just as
+I have watched over them, to pluck up, and
+to pull down, and to overthrow, and to de-
+stroy, and to do harm : so will I watch over
+them, to build up, and to plant, saith the
+Lord.
+
+29 In those days shall they not say any
+more. The fathers have eaten sour grapes,
+and the children's teeth are set on edge;
+
+30 But ever)' one shall die for his own
+iniquity: every man that eateth the sour
+grapes — his teeth shall be set on edge.
+
+.31 Behold, days are coming, saith the
+IjORD, when I will make with the house of
+Israel, and with the house of Judah, a new
+covenant;
+
+32 Not like the covenant that I made with
+their fathers on the day that I took hold of
+them by the hand to bring them out of the
+land of Egypt; which my covenant they
+have broken, although I was become their
+husband," saith the Lord;
+
+33 But this is the covenant that I will
+make with the house of Israel, after those
+days, saith the Lord, I place my law in their
+inward parts, and upon tlieir heart will I
+write it; and I will be unto them for a God,
+and they shall be unto me for a people.
+
+34 And they shall not teach any more
+every man his neighbour, and every man his
+brother, saying, Know the Lord ; for they
+all shall know me, from the least of them
+even unto their greatest, saith the Lord; for
+I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin will
+I not remember any more.
+
+35 Tf Thus liath said the Lord, who be-
+stoweth the sun for a light by day, the ordi-
+nances of the moon and of the stars for a
+light by night, who stirreth up the sea
+that its waves roar — The Lord of hosts is his
+name:
+
+30 If these ordinances ever depart from
+before me, saith the Lord, then also shall the
+
+
+seed of Israel cease from being a nation before
+me during all time.
+
+37 ][ Thus hath said the Lord, If the
+heavens can be measured above, and the
+foundations of the earth searched out beneath :
+then also will I reject all the seed of Israel,
+for all that they have done, saith the Lord.
+
+38 *\\ Behold, days are coming, saith the
+Lord, when the city shall be built up to the
+Lord from the tower of Chananel unto the
+corner-gate.
+
+39 And the measuring-line shall yet again
+go forth opposite it over the hill Gareb, and
+shall take a turn to Go'ath.
+
+40 And the whole valley of the dead
+bodies, and of the ashes,** and all fields as far
+as the brook Kidron, unto the corner of the
+horse-gate toward the east, shall be holy unto
+the Lord: it shall not be plucked up, nor
+overthrown any more to eternity.
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+1 ^ The word that came to Jeremiah from
+the Lord in the tenth year of Zedekiah the
+king of Judah, which is the eighteenth year
+of Nebuchadrezzar.
+
+2 And at that time the king of Babylon's
+army was besieging Jerusalem ; and Jeremiah
+the prophet was shut up in the court of the
+prison, which was in the house of the king of
+Judah ;
+
+3 Because Zedekiah the king of Judah had
+shut him up, saying. Wherefore art thou pro-
+l)hesying, saying. Thus hath said the Lord,
+Behold. I will give u[) this city into the hand
+of the king of Babylon, and he shall capture it.
+
+4 And Zedekiah the king of Judah shall
+not escape out of the hand of the Chaldeans,
+because he shall surel}- be given uj) into the
+hand of the king of Babylon, and his mouth
+shall speak to his mouth, and his eyes shall
+behold his ejes ;
+
+5 And to Babylon shall he lead Zedekiah,
+and there shall he remain until I think of"
+him, saith the Lord : though ye fight with the
+Chaldeans, ye shall not prosper.
+
+'' Rashi, " This prophecy applies to the coming future
+in the hist redemption, for it was not fulfillefl during the
+
+
+had left so long in captivity, llashi and others, how-
+ever, as we have given, "and my sleep was sweet unto
+
+me;" and Kedak eomments, as applied to the pro]ihet, second temple." This proves, therefore, that we must
+" I had seen in the dream of prophecy this consolation, jj expect another redemption, besides the return fi'oni Uahy-
+:ind therefore was my sleep sweet unto me." |] Ion, to accomplish the prophecies.
+
+'' llashi, "the visitation of every man is death;" i.e.
+Zedekiah shall remain in Babylon till he die.
+
+
+' Jo.seph Kimchi, " wherefore I loathed them." (See
+note above, iii. 14.)
+600
+
+
+KIX<r ^M >1^< >XH ).N,
+
+
+JEKExMlAH XXXII.
+
+
+6 ^ And Jeremiah said, The word of the
+Lord came unto me, saying,
+
+7 BehoUI, Chanamel the son ol' Shalluui
+thy uncle is coming unto thee, saying, Buy
+for thyself my field that is in 'i\.nathotli ; for
+unto thee helongeth the right of redemption to
+buy it.
+
+8 And there came to me Chanamel my
+uncle's son according to the word of the Lord
+into the court of the prison, and he said unto
+me, Buy, I pray thee, my field, that is in
+'Anathoth, which is in the land of Benjamin;
+for to thee belongeth the right of inheritance,
+and to thee Ijelongeth the redemption, buy it
+for thyself: then did I know, that it was the
+word of the Lord.
+
+9 And I bought the field from Chanamel
+my uncle's son, that is in 'Anathoth ; and I
+Aveighed out unto him the money, seven
+shekels, and ten pieces of silver.
+
+10 And I wrote it in a deed," and sealed
+it, and had it certified by witnesses, and
+weighed the money in balances.
+
+11 And I took the deed of the purchase,
+both that which was sealed, according to the
+law*" and custom, and that which was open ;
+
+12 And I gave the deed of the purchase
+unto Baruch the son of Neriyah, the son of
+Macliseyah, liefore the eyes of Chanamel my
+kinsnuin, and before the eyes of the witnesses
+that had signed the deed of the purchase, be-
+fore the eyes of all the Jews that were sitting
+in the court of the prison.
+
+13 And I charged Baruch before their
+eyes, saying,
+
+14 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, Take these deeds, this deed of
+the purchase, both the sealed, and this open
+deed, and place them in an earthen vessel,
+in order that they may last many days."
+
+lo Tl For thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+the God of Israel, Yet again shall there be
+bought houses and fields and vineyards in this
+laud.
+
+IG ^r And I prayed to the Lord after' I
+
+
+* Lit. "letter," or "book;" fiere the evidences of
+sale, "a deed."
+
+' Zunz, ''with the instruction and the conditions," (/. '-.
+of the sale,) which it is alleged was not published, while the
+"open," the transfer deed, was for the public inspection.
+
+" Zunz, "years."
+
+^ Although the pr(jphet strictly followed the injunction
+3 V
+
+
+had delivered the deed of the purchase unto
+Baruch the son of Neriyah, saying,
+
+17 Ah Lord Eternal! behold, it is thou
+that hast made the heavens and the earth by
+thy great power and by thy outstretched
+arm ; nothing is too wonderful for thee;
+
+18 Thou exercisest kindness unto the
+thousandth (generation), and recompensest
+the iniquity of the fathers unto the l)osom of
+their children after themj^x^iou art) the
+Great, the Mighty God. tIrC Lord of hosts is
+his name ;
+
+19 Great in counsel, and mighty in execu-
+tion ; (thou) whose e}es are open over all the
+ways of the sons of man, to give unto every
+one according to his ways, and according to
+the fruit of his doings ;
+
+20 Who hast displayed signs and wonders
+in the land of Egypt, up to this day, and in
+Isniel, and among other men ; and thou hast
+made thyself a name, as it is at this day ;
+
+21 And thou didst bring forth thy people
+Israel out of the hind of Egypt with signs,
+and with wonders, smd with a strong hand,
+and with an outstretched arm, and with
+great terror;-
+
+22 And thou gavest them this land, which
+thou hadst sworn to their fathers to give
+unto them, a land flowing with milk and
+honey ;
+
+2o And they came in, and took possession
+of it ; but they hetirkened not to thy voice,
+and in thy law they did not walk; all that
+thou hadst commanded them to do they did
+not do : and thou hast therefore caused all
+this evil to befall them.
+
+2-1 Behold the mounds" reach unto the city
+to capture it; and the city is gi\en up into the
+hand of the Cluddeiins, who fiiiht against it,
+because of the sword, and of the famine, and
+of the pestilence : and what thou hast spoken
+is t'ome to pass; and, behold, thou seest it.
+
+25 And yet thou hast said unto me, 0
+Lord Eternal, Buy for thyself the field for
+
+by witnesses:
+
+
+money, and have it certified
+
+
+of the inspiration to make a regular purchase of the land,
+to write a deed, take witnesses, and to use even the form-
+ality of making a duplicate ; still he himself felt over-
+come by human weakness : hence the beautiful prayer in
+the text.
+
+' T!ie works of the besiegers on wiiich the engines of
+attack were placed,
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXII. XXXIII.
+
+
+while the city is given up into the hand of
+the Chaldeans.
+
+26 •][ Then came the word of the Lord
+unto Jeremiah, saying,
+
+27 Behold, I am the Lord, the God of all
+flesh : shall any thing be too wonderful for me?
+
+28 Therefore thus hath said the Lord, Be-
+hold, I will give up this city into the hand of
+the Chaldeans, and into the hand of Nebuchad-
+rezzar the king of Babylon, and he shall cap-
+ture it:
+
+29 And the Chaldeans, that fight against
+this city, shall come and set tliis city on fire,
+and burn it, with the houses upon the roofs
+of which they have offered incense unto Ba'al,
+and have poured out drink-offerings unto other
+gods, in order to provoke me to anger;
+
+30 For the children of Israel and the chil-
+dren of Judah have been doing only what is
+evil in my eyes from their youth ; for the
+children of Israel have Ijeen only provoking
+me to anger with the work of their hands,
+saith the Lord.
+
+31 For to excite my anger and my fury
+hath been unto me this city from the day
+that they built it, even until this day; so that
+I will remove it fi'om before my presence;
+
+32 Because of all the wickedness of the
+children of Israel and of the children of Ju-
+dah, which they have done to provoke me to
+anger, they, their kings, their princes, their
+priests, and their prophets, and the men of
+Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem;
+
+33 And they turned unto me the back,
+and not the face: though (my prophets)
+taught them, rising up early and teaching;
+yet they hearkened not to receive instruction.
+
+34 But they placed their abominations in
+the house, which is called by my name, to
+defile it.
+
+35 And they built the high-places of Ba'al,
+which are in the valley of the son of llin-
+nom, to cause their sons and their daughters
+to pass through (the fire) unto Molech; which
+I had not comnuxnded them, and which had
+not come into my mind, to practise this abo-
+mination, in order to mislead .Tudah to sin.
+
+30 ^1 But now, therefore, thus hath said the
+Lord, the God of Israel, concerning this city,
+whereof ye say, It is given up into the hand
+of the king of Babylon through the sword,
+and tlirnugh tlie famine, and through the
+pestilence :
+
+
+87 Behold, I will gather them out of all
+the countries, whither I have driven them
+in my anger, and in my fury, and in great
+wrath; and I will bring them back again
+unto this place, and I will cause them to
+dwell in safety;
+
+38 And they shall be unto me for a people,
+and I will be unto them for a God ;
+
+39 And I will give them one heart, and
+one manner, to fear me at all times, that it
+may be well with them, and with their chil-
+dren after them ;
+
+40 And I will make with them an ever-
+lasting covenant, that I will not turn away
+from them, to do them good on my part; and
+my fear will I place in their heart, so that
+they may not depart from me.
+
+41 And I will be glad over them to do
+them good; aiul I will plant them in this
+land in truth, with all my heart and with all
+my soul.
+
+42 ^[ For thus hath said the Lord, Just as
+I have brought upon this people all this great
+evil, so will I bring upon them all the good
+that I speak concerning them.
+
+43 And tlie field shall yet be bought in
+this land, whereof ye say. It is desolate with-
+out man or beast, it is given up into the hand
+of the Chaldeans.
+
+44 Men shall buy fields for money, and
+write it in deeds, and seal it, and certify it
+by witnesses, in the land of Benjamin, and in
+the environs of Jerusalem, and in the cities
+of Judah, and in the cities of the mountain,
+and in the cities of the lowlands, and in the
+cities of the south ; for I will cause their cap-
+tivity to return, saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXXm.
+
+1 T[ And the word of the Lord came unto
+Jeremiah the second time, while he was yet
+shut up in the court of the prison, saying,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord who doth this,
+the Lord that formeth it, to estal)lish it : the
+Eternal is his name;
+
+3 Call unto me, and I will answer thee,
+and I will tell thee great and unheard'' of
+things, which thou knowest not.
+
+4 ][ For thus hath said the Lord, the God
+
+' Eashi, "Preserved in my heart to do them;" or aa
+rendered by Philippscm, "unheard;" i. e. not yet revealed
+hy God tuuinrtals. lledak, "niiglity things."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXIII.
+
+
+of Israel, concerning the houses of this city,
+and concerning the houses of the kings of
+Judah, which are thrown down by means of
+the mounds, and by means of the sword;
+
+5 As they* come to fight with the Chal-
+deans, but only to fill those with the corpses
+of the men whom I slay in my anger and in
+my fury, and for all whose wickedness I have
+hidden my foce from this city :
+
+G Behold, I will bring it healing and cure,
+and I will cure them, and I will display unto
+them the abundance'' of peace and truth.
+
+7 And I will cause to return the captivity
+of Judah and the captivity of Israel, and I
+will build them up, as at the first.
+
+8 And I will cleanse them from all their
+guiltiness, whereby they have sinned against
+me; and I will pardon all their iniquities,
+whereby they have sinned toward me, and
+whereby they have transgressed against me.
+
+9 And it shall be to me for a name of
+gladness, a praise and an honour with all the
+nations of the earth, who will hear all the
+good that I am doing unto them: and they
+shall dread and tremble because of all the
+good and because of all the happiness"' that I
+prepare unto it.
+
+10 Tl Thus hath said the Lord, Yet again
+shall there be heard in this place, of which ye
+any, '• It is ruined, without man and without
+beast," [(even) in the cities of Judah, and in
+the streets of Jerusalem, that are desolate,
+without man, and without inhabitant, and
+without beast,]
+
+11 The voice of gladness, and the voice of
+joy, the voice of the bridegroom, and the
+voice of the bride, the voice of those that say,
+"Give thanks unto the Lord of hosts; for the
+Lord is good ; because to eternity endureth his
+kindness:" of those that brin2: thanksoivino;-
+oflenng unto the house of the Lord. For I will
+
+
+"After Philippson, who refers the word D\S3 " those
+who come," to the Israelites; meaning, the struggle
+should be in vain. Kodak considers the preceding verse
+to indicate that the houses were thrown down by the
+citizens to make ramparts against the besiegers, (Jona-
+than, "to strengthen the walls against those who slay
+with the sword;") to which this verse then follows, "be-
+cause they come to fight," &c. Others refer D\X3 to the
+instruments of siege and destruction ; thus, " which come
+uvV/j the Chaldeans to fight, only to fill," &c.
+
+'' Zunz, "the granting;" mn;' from the root ^r\i' "to
+entreat." Kashi, simply, "the blessing of peace, mi/uI."
+
+° Lit. "peace."
+
+
+cause to return the captivity of the land, as
+at the first, saitli the Lord.
+
+12 ][ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+Yet again shall there be in this place, which
+is ruined, without man and even without
+beast, and in all its cities, an habitation of
+shepherds who cause their tlocks to lie down.
+
+13 In the cities of the mountain, in the
+cities of the lowlands, and in the cities of the
+south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in
+the environs of Jerusalem, and in the cities
+of Judah, shall the Hocks'' yet pass again
+under the hands of him that counteth them,
+saith the Lord.
+
+14 ^ Behold, days are coming, saith the
+Lord, when I will fulfil that good word which
+I have spoken concerning the house of Israel
+and respecting the house of Judah.
+
+15 In those days, and at that time, will I
+cause to grow up unto David the sprout of
+righteousness: and he shall execute justice
+and righteousness in the land.
+
+16 In those days shall Judah be helped,
+and Jerusalem shall dwell in safety : and this
+is what she shall be called, Tue Lord is our
+
+RIGHTEOUSNESS.
+
+17 ^ For thus hath said the-LoRD, There
+shall never be wanting" unto David a man to
+sit upon the throne of the house of Israel ;
+
+18 And unto the priests the Levites there
+shall not be wanting a man before me, to
+offer*^ burnt-ofTerino's. and to burn meat-offer-
+ings, and to prepare sacrifices at all times.
+
+19 ]| And the woi'd of the Lord came unto
+Jeremiah, saying,
+
+20 Thus hath said the Lord, If ye can
+break my covenant with the day, and my
+covenant with the night, and so, that there
+be not day and night in their season:
+
+21 Then also shall my covenant be broken"
+with David my servant, that he should not
+
+■^ Rashi comments, "The Israelites shall go out and
+come in under a king who goeth at their head."
+
+° Rashi, "not an everlasting cutting oft"; but if he should
+cease for a time, he will at length return."
+
+' Rashi, "there shall not be cut off descendants fit to
+sacrifice," i.e. "burnt-ofierings," &c.
+
+^ It is evident that, as the prophet at the same time
+predicted the destruction of both kingdom and priesthood,
+he foretold the continuity only of descendants of David
+and Aaron, so that there shall at no time be wanting
+those who shall lineally be fit to act as their successors.
+(See also Isaiah Ixvi. 21, and llosea iii. 4, 5, which fully
+confirm this construction.) To this day there :ire many
+
+503
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXI 11. XXXIV.
+
+
+have a son to reign upon his throne; and
+(that) with the Levites the priests, nay minis-
+ters.
+
+22 As the host of heaven cannot be num-
+bered, and the sand of the sea not be measured :
+so will I multiply the seed of David my ser-
+vant, and the Levites that minister unto me.
+
+2.S ^ And the word of the Lokd came to
+Jeremiah, saying,
+
+24 Hast thou not observed what this" peo-
+ple have sjjoken, saying, The two fixniilies''
+which the Lord hath made choice of, even
+these hath he rejected: and they" (thus)
+have despised my people, that they should
+be no more a nation belbre them.
+
+25 Tf Thus hath said the Lord, If my
+covenant be not with day and night, if I
+have not appointed the ordinances of heaven
+and earth :
+
+26 Then also will I reject the seed of Ja-
+cob, and Da\'id my ser\'ant, so as not to take
+any of his seed to be rulers o\'er the seed of
+Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; for I will cause
+their captivity to return, and luive mercy on
+them.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ^ The word which came unto Jeremiah
+from the Lord, when Nebuchadnezzar the
+king of Babylon, and all his army, and all
+the kingdoms of tlie country ruled by his
+power, and all the people, fought against
+Jerusalem, and against all its cities, saying,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord, the God' of
+Israel, Go and speak to Zedekiah the king of
+Judah, and say to him. Thus hath said the
+Lord. Behold, I will give up this city into the
+hand of the king of Babylon, that lie nmy
+Ijurn it with lire :
+
+3 And thou thyself shalt not escape out of
+his hand ; but thou shalt surely be caught,
+and be delivered into his hand; and thy eyes
+shall see the eyes of the king of Babylon, and
+his mouth shall speak with thy mouth, and to
+Babylon shalt thou go.
+
+
+who claim descent from David, and everywhere we meet
+with tho?e whom common consent hallows as the sons of
+Aaron and Levi.
+
+* The (Jhaldoans and the euomii's of Israel.
+'' David and Aaron.
+
+* Rashi comments here, "and with these words they
+cause my people to reject (mcj, not to be a nation unto
+luc, and they teach them to say tiie Lord will not turn
+
+0G4
+
+
+4 Yet hear the word of the Lord, 0 Zede-
+kiah king of Judah, Thus hath said the Lord
+respecting thee. Thou shalt not die by the
+sword :
+
+5 In peace shalt thou die ; and as burnings
+were made'* for thy fathers, the former kings
+who were before thee, so shall they make
+burnings ibr thee; and "Ah lord" shiill they
+lament for thee; for I have spoken the word,
+saith the Lord.
+
+6 ^ And Jeremiah the prophet spoke unto
+Zedekiah the king of Judah all these words
+in Jerusalem,
+
+7 When the army of the king of Babylon
+were lighting against Jerusalem, and against
+all the cities of Judah that were left, against
+Lachish, and against 'Azekah ; for these had
+Ijeen left of the cities of Judah as fortified cities.
+
+8 *i\ Tlie word which came unto Jeremiah
+from the Lord, after king Zedekiah had
+nuide a covenant with all the people who
+were at Jerusalem, to proclaim among them-
+selves freedom ;
+
+9 That every man should dismiss his man-
+servant, and every man his maid-servant,
+being a Hebrew man or a Heljrew wonum,
+free ; so that no man among them should ex-
+act labour of a Jew, his brother.
+
+10 And all the princes had hearkened,
+with all the people, who had entered into the
+covenant, that every one should dismiss his
+man-servant, and every one his maid-servant,
+free, that no one should exact labour of them
+any more: and they had obeyed, and dis-
+missed them.
+
+11 But they had turned afterward, and
+they had lirought back the men-servants and
+the maid-servants whom they had dismissed
+as free, and had subjected them to become
+men-servants and maid-servants.
+
+12 ][ And the word of the Lord (then)
+came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saving,
+
+13 Thus hath said the Lord, the God of
+Israel. — I myself made a covenant with your
+fathers on the day that 1 Ijrought them forth
+
+
+from his auger again, and that repentance would not
+avail them." How truly has this been fulfilled, even to
+this day ! the rejection of Israel being the constant theme
+to make us swerve from our God.
+
+■^ Rashi, "'Thus was their custom to buru for tlu' kings
+their beds and the things they had had in use.'' ]5ut
+from 2 fhron. xvi. 14 it appears that they bur?it spices
+and aromatic herbs.
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXIV. XXXV.
+
+
+out of the laml of Egypt, out of the house of
+bondmen, saying,
+
+14 At the end of seven years shall ye dis-
+miss evei'y man his brother the Hebrew, who
+may have been sold unto thee; and when he
+hath served thee six years, then shalt tliou
+dismiss him free from thee; but your fathers
+hearkened not imto me, and inclined not
+their ear.
+
+15 And ye had turned this day, and done
+what is right in my eyes, to proclaim freedom
+every man to his neighbour; and ye had
+made a covenant before me in the house over
+which my name is called;
+
+IG But ye have turned .again^ and pro-
+faned mj^ name, and ye have brought back
+every man his man-servant, and every man
+his woman-servant, whom ye had dismissed
+as free at their pleasure, and have subjected
+them to he unto you for men-servants and for
+Avomen-servants.
+
+17 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord,
+Ye indeed have not hearkened unto me, to
+proclaim freedom, every one to his brother,
+and every one to his neighbour : behold, I
+proclaim a freedom over you. saith the Lord,
+to the sword, to the pestilence, and to the
+famine; and I will make you a horror unto
+all the kingdoms of the earth.
+
+IS And 1 will give up the men that have
+transgressed my covenant, avIio have not ful-
+filled the words of the covenant which they
+had made before me, at the calf" which they
+cut in twain, and between the parts whereof
+they passed,
+
+19 The princes of Judah, and the princes
+of Jerusalem, the court-servants, and the
+priests, and all the people of the land, who
+have passed between the parts of the calf;
+
+20 (Yea) I will give them up into the hand
+of their enemies, and into the hand of those
+that seek their life; and their dead bodies
+shall become food unto the fowls of the hea^
+vens, and to the beasts of the earth.
+
+
+* Manner of making a covenant. (See Gen. xv. 10-17.)
+'' Tlie Rechabites were a family of tiie Kenites, (1 Chron.
+li. 55,) and were most jjrobably the dcscemlants of Jcthro,
+tbe fatbcr-in-law of Closes. (Compare Num. x. 29-32,
+with Juilg. i. 16., iv. 11.) Though they dwelt among the
+Israelites from the first, they were never incorporated
+with them, nor had any inheritance assigned them, but
+were merely regarded as friends and allies. At the time
+of Jeremiah, as we see in verse 1, they had sought refuge
+
+
+1^1 And Zedekiah the king of .Judah and
+his princes will 1 give up into the hand of
+their enemies, and into the hand of tho.se that
+seek their life, and into the hand of the army
+of the king of Babylon, that are (now) gone
+away from you.
+
+2"^ Behold, I will command, speaketli the
+Lord, and I will bring them back to this
+city; and they shall fight against it, and cap-
+ture it. and Ijurn it with fire: and the cities
+of Judah will I make a desert without an in-
+habitant.
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 ^ The word which came unto Jeremiah
+from the Lord in the days of Jehoyakim tiie
+son of Josiah the king of Judah, saying,
+
+2 Go unto the house of the Rechaljites,''
+and speak with them, and bring them into
+the house of the Lord, into one of the cham-
+bers, and offer them wine to drink.
+
+3 Then I took Yaiizanyah the son of Jere-
+miah, the son of Chabazzinj-ah, and his
+brethren, and all his sons, and the whole
+hou.'^e of the Rechabites ;
+
+4 And I brought them into the house of
+the Lord, into the chamber of the sons of
+Chanan, the son of Yigdalyahu, the man of
+God,'' which was alongside of the chamber
+of the princes, which was above the chandjer
+of Ma'aseyahu the son of Shallum, the keeper
+of the door :''
+
+5 And I set before the sons of the house of
+the Rechabites goblets full of wine, and cups;
+and I said unto them. Drink wine.
+
+6 But tliey said, "We will not drink wine ;
+for Jonadab the son of Rechab our fiither hath
+laid a charge on us, saying. Ye shall not drink
+wine, neither ye, nor your sons for ever;
+
+7 Nor shall ye build any house, nor sow
+seed, nor plant a vineyard, nor liave (any
+such); but in tents shall ye dwell all jom-
+days, in order that ye may live many days on
+the face of the land where ye may sojourn.
+
+
+in Jerusalem against Nebuchadnezzar. Benjamin of
+Tudela, in his travels, assorts, that he found this tribe yet
+existing in the district of Thcima, in Arabia; and Niebuhr,
+that he found the Beiii-kheiber on the mountain east of
+Medina. Jonadab here mentioned is supposed to be the
+one spoken of in the history of Jehu. (2 Kings x. 15, 23.)
+" Jonathan, " the prophet of the Lord."
+■* Heb. "threshold." Rashi, "treasurer."
+
+563
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXV. XXXVt.
+
+
+8 And we have hearkened unto the voice
+of Jehonadab the son of Rechab our father in
+all that he hath charged us, not to drink any
+wine all our days, we, our wives, our sons,
+and our daughters;
+
+9 And not to build houses for our dwell-
+ing: and we never had any vinej'ard, or
+field, or seed ;
+
+10 But we have dwelt in tents, and have
+obeyed, and done in accordance with all that
+Jonadab our father hath commanded us.
+
+12 But it came to pass, when Nebuchad-
+rezzar the king of Baljylon came up into the
+land, that we said. Come, and let us go into
+Jerusalem because of the army of the Chal-
+deans, and because of the army of the Syrians;
+and so we dwell at Jerusalem.
+
+12 ^ Then came the word of the Lord
+unto Jeremiah, saying,
+
+13 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, Go and say to the men of
+Judah and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, Will
+ye not receive instruction to hearken to my
+words ? saith the Lord.
+
+14 Fulfilled are the words of Jehonadab
+the son of Rechab, that he hath commanded
+his sons not to drink wine : and they have
+not drunk any even unto this day ; because
+they have obeyed the commandment of their
+father ; but I, I have spoken unto you, early
+in the day and speaking; but ye have not
+hearkened unto me.
+
+15 And I have sent unto you all my ser-
+vants the prophets, making them rise up
+early and sending them, saying. Do but return
+every man from his evil way, and amend
+your deeds, and go not after other gods to
+serve them : and so shall ye remain in the
+land which I have given to you and to your
+fathers ; but ye have not inclined your ear,
+and have not hearkened unto me.
+
+16 Because the sons of Jehonadab the son
+of Rechab have fulfilled the commandment of
+their father, which he liath commanded them;
+but iis this people have not hearkened unto me :
+
+17 Therefore thus hath said the Lord, the
+God of hosts, the God of Israel, Behold, I
+will bring upon Judah and upon all the inha-
+bitants of Jerusalem all the evil that I have
+spoken concerning them ; because I spoke
+unto them, but they would not hear; and I
+called unto them, but they would not answer.
+
+18 And unto the house of the Rechabites
+
+
+said Jeremiah, Thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts, the God of Israel, Whereas ye have
+hearkened to the charge of Jonadab your
+lather, and have kept all his commandments,
+and have done in accordance with aU that he
+hath commanded you :
+
+19 Therefore thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts, the God af Israel, There shall not be
+wanting unto Jehonadab the son of Rechab
+a man to stand before me at all times.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass in the fourth
+year of Jehoyakim the son of Josiah the king
+of Judah, that this word came unto Jeremiah
+from the Lord, saying,
+
+2 Take thee a roll-book, and write therein
+all the words that I have spoken unto thee
+against Israel, and against Judah, and against
+all tlie nations, from the day that I sjjoke
+unto thee, from the days of Josiah, even until
+this day.
+
+3 Peradventure it be that the hou.se of
+Judah will hear all the evil which I purpo.se
+to do unto them : in order that they may re-
+turn every man from his evil way; that I
+may forgive their iniquity and their sin.
+
+4 |[ Then did Jeremiah call Baruch the
+son of Neriyah : and Baruch wrote from the
+mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the Lord,
+which he had spoken unto him, upon a roll-
+book.
+
+5 And Jeremiah commanded Baruch, say-
+ing, I am shut up;' I am not able to enter
+into the liou.se of the Lord :
+
+6 Therefore go thou, and read in the roll,
+which thou hast written from my mouth, the
+words of the Lord before the ears of the peo-
+ple in the house of the Lord on the fast-day;
+and also before the ears of all Judah that
+come out of their cities shalt thou read
+them.
+
+7 Perhaps it may be that they will humbly
+present'' their supplication before the Lord,
+and will return every one from his evil way;
+for great are the anger and the fury that the
+Lord hath decreed against this people.
+
+8 And Baruch the son of Neriyah did in
+accordance with all that Jeremiah the pro-
+
+
+" Philippson, "I am excluded," ('. e. by the hatred of
+the persecuting prie.sts, from entering the temple.
+" Ileb. " their supplication shall fall."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXVI.
+
+
+phet had comraandrd Iiim. to read in the
+book the words of the Lord in the house of
+the Lord.
+
+9 ^f And it came to pass in the fifth year
+of Jehoyakini the son of Josiah the king of
+Judah, in the ninth month, that they pro-
+chiimed a fast before the Lord for all the peo-
+ple in Jerusalem, and for all the people that
+came from the cities of Judali unto Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+10 And Baruch read in the book the words
+of Jeremiah in the house of the Lord, in the
+chamber of Gemaryahu the son of Shaphan
+the scribe, in the upper court, at the entrance
+of the new gate of the Lord's house, before
+the ears of all the people.
+
+11 And Avhen Michayhu the son of Ge-
+maryahu, the son of Shaphan, had heard all
+the words of the Lord out of the book :
+
+12 He went down into the king's house,
+into the scribe's chamber; and, lo, all the
+princes were sitting there, even Elishama' the
+scribe, and Dolayahu the son of Sheina'yaliu,
+and Elnathan the son of 'Achljor, and Gemar-
+yahu the son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah the
+son of Chananyahu, and all the j^rinces.
+
+13 And Michayhu told unto them all the
+words whixjh he had heard, when Baruch
+read in the book before the ears of the peo-
+ple.
+
+14 Thereupon sent all the princes Jehudi
+the son of Nethanyahu, the son of Shelem-
+yahu, the son of (Jushi, unto Baruch, say-
+ing, The roll wherein thou hast read before
+the cars of the peoj^le, — this take in thy hand,
+and come. So Baruch the son of Neriyahu
+took the roll in his hand, and came unto
+them.
+
+15 And they said unto him, Sit down, we
+pray thee, and read it before our ears. So Ba-
+ruch read it before their ears.
+
+IG Now it came to pass, when they heard
+all the words, they looked terrified at each
+other, and they said mito Baruch, We will
+surely tell the king of all these words.
+
+17 And they asked Baruch, saying. Do
+
+
+' No doubt but that the princes, touched for the mo-
+ment by the denunciation which they had heard, desired
+to report the words to the king, in the hope of producing
+an amendment; but they wished first to be convinced
+that Baruch had not misrepresented the prophet, who,
+though lint loved, was yet fully believed by the better in-
+formed of the people. This doubt was removed by the
+
+
+tell us. How didst thou write ddwn all these
+words from his mouth?
+
+18 Then said Baruch unto them, With his
+mouth did he utter clearly all these words
+unto me, and I wrote them in the book with
+ink.''
+
+19 T[ Then said the princes unto Baruch,
+Go, hide thyself, thou with Jeremiah ; and let
+no man know where ye are.
+
+20 And they went in to the king into the
+court, but the roll they had put in safe keep-
+ing in the chamber of Elishama' the scribe;
+and they told before the ears of the king all
+the words.
+
+21 But the king sent Jehudi to fetch the
+roll; and he took it out of the chamber of
+Elishama' the scribe. And Jeliudi read it
+before the ears of the king, and before the
+ears of all the princes who stood around the
+king.
+
+22 Now the king was sitting in the wmter-
+house in the ninth month :'^' and a pan of
+coals was burning before him.
+
+23 And it came to pass, when Jehudi had
+read three or four pages, that he cut it with
+the writer's knife, and cast it into the fire
+that was in the coal-pan, until all the roll
+was consumed in the fire that was in the
+coal-pan.
+
+24 Yet they were not terrified, nor did
+they rend their garments, either the king, or
+any of his servants that had heard all these
+words.
+
+25 And although Elnathan and Delayahu
+and Gemaryahu had also made intercession
+with the king that he might not l:)urn the
+roll, he would not listen to them.
+
+26 And the king commanded Yerachmeel
+the son of the king,'' and Serayahu the son
+of 'Azi'iel, and Shelemyahu the son of 'Ab-
+deel, to seize on Baruch the scribe and Jere-
+miah the prophet; but the Lord hid them.
+
+27 Tl Then came the word of the Lord to
+Jeremiah, after the king had bin-nt tlie roll,
+and the words which Baruch had written
+down from the mouth of Jeremiah, saying.
+
+
+simplicity of the answer, which is in substance that the
+amanuensis only wrote down the words as they fell dis-
+tinctly from the inspired lips of the seer.
+
+' The month of Kislev, as now called, coincident with
+December, or November and December.
+
+' Others take I/ainmelcrh as a proper name, as Jehoya-
+kim had at that time no grown son.
+
+567
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXVI. XXXVII.
+
+
+28 Take thee again another roll, and write
+on it all the former words that have been on
+the first roll, which Jehoyakim the king of
+Judah hath burnt.
+
+29 And concerning Jehoyakim the' king
+of Judah shalt thou say. Thus hath said the
+Lord, Thou hast indeed burnt tliis roll, say-
+ing. Why hast thou written therein, saying,
+The king of Babylon shall certainly come
+and destroy this land, and shall cause to
+cease therefrom man and beast?
+
+30 T[ Therefore thus hath said the Lokd
+concerning Jehoyakim the king of Judah, He
+shall have no one to sit upon the throne of
+David; and his dead body shall be cast out
+to the heat in the day, and to the cold in the
+night.
+
+31 And I will visit on him and on his seed
+and on hi.s servants their iniquity ; and I will
+bring over them, and over the inhabitants of
+Jerusalem, and against the men of Judah, all
+the evil that I have spoken against them,
+while they did not hearken.
+
+32 ][ And Jeremiah took another roll,
+and gave it to Baruch the son of Neriyahu
+the scribe; who wrote thereon from the
+mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the book
+which Jehoyakim the king of Judah had
+burnt in the fire: and there were yet added
+unto tliem many words like them.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+1 Tl And Zedekiah the son of Josiah reign-
+ed as king in the place of Cony ah u the son of
+Jehoyakim. whom Nebuchadrezzar the king
+of Babylon made king in the land of Judah.
+
+2 But neither he, nor his servants, nor the
+people of the land, did hearken unto the
+words of the Louu, which he had spoken by
+means of Jeremiah the prophet.
+
+3 And king Zedekiah sent Jehuchal the
+son of Shelemyah and Ze[)hanyahu the son
+of Ma'assoyah the priest unto Jeremiah the
+prophet, saying. Pray now in our l)ehalf unto
+the Lord our God.
+
+4 Now Jeremiah came and went out among
+the people; and they put him not into the
+prison-house.
+
+5 But the army of Pharaoh was come
+
+
+' Redak; but Jonathan and Raslii, "to divide hi.s pro-
+perty;" but the sense is, prnbably, that he feared ill-usage,
+and desired to escape it by a timely flight
+508
+
+
+forth out of Egypt: and when the Chaldeans
+that besieged Jerusalem heard the report of
+them, they withdrew from Jerusalem.
+
+0 Tl Then came the word of the Lord unto
+Jeremiah the prophet, saying,
+
+7 Thus hath said the Lord, the God of Is-
+rael, Thus shall ye sa}' to the king of Judah,
+that hath sent you unto me to inquire of me.
+Behold, Pharaoh's arm}^ which is come forth
+to help you, returneth into its own land to
+Egypt.
+
+8 But the Chaldeans will come again, and
+fight against this city, and capture it, and
+burn it with fire.
+
+9 Tf Thus hath said the Lord, Deceive not
+yourselves, saying. The Chaldeans will cer-
+tainly go away from us ; for they will not go
+away.
+
+10 For if even ye had smitten the whole
+army of the Chaldeans that fight against you,
+and there remained among them (only such)
+men as are pierced through : j-et should they
+rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this
+city with fire.
+
+11 And it came to pass, when the army
+of the Chaldeans had withdrawn from Jeru-
+salem because of the army of Pharaoh,
+
+12 ^ That Jeremiah went forth out of
+Jerusalem to go into the land of Benjamin, to
+make his escape* thence in the midst of the
+people.
+
+13 But as he was in the gate of Benjamin,
+there was there a captain of the guardsmen,
+whose name was Yiriyah, the son of Shelem-
+yah, the son of Chananyah; and he seized
+hold of Jeremiah the prophet, saying, Thou
+runnest away to the Chaldeans.
+
+14 But Jeremiah said, It is false; I am
+not ruiniing away to the Chaldeans. But he
+listened not to him; and Yiriyah seized hold
+of Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes.
+
+15 Thereujjon were the princes wroth with
+Jeremiah, and struck him, and put him in
+prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe;
+for that had they made into a prison-house.
+
+IG When Jeremiah had been placed in the
+dungeon, within the traders' shops,'' where
+Jeremiah remained many days :
+
+17 King Zedekiah sent, and had him taken
+
+
+' Jonathan considers that in the front of the prison there
+were traders' shops where goods were sold. Others re-
+gard nv:n as synonymous with "the keep" of a castle, or
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXVII. XXXVIII.
+
+
+out, and the king asked him in his house in
+secret, and said, " Is there any word from tlie
+Lord?" And Jeremiali said, '"There is:"
+and he said, Into the hand of tlie king of
+Babykm shalt thou be given up.
+
+18 And Jeremiah said unto king Zedeliiah,
+What have I sinned against thee, and against
+tliy servants, and against tliis people, that
+ye have put me into the prison-liouse?
+
+19 And where are now your prophets who
+have propliesied unto you, saying, The king
+of Babylon will not come against you, and
+against this land?
+
+20 Yet now, do but liear, I pray thee, 0
+my lord the king: let me offer my humble
+supplication, I pray thee, before thee, that
+thou wilt not make me return to the house
+of Jonathan the scribe, lest I die there.
+
+21 Then commanded king Zedekiah that
+they should put Jeremiah in ward in the
+court of the prison, and that they should
+give him a loaf of bread for every day out of
+the bakers' street, until all the bread was
+spent out of the city. Thus Jeremiah re-
+mained in the court of the prison.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+1 And Shephatyah the son of Matthan,
+and Gedalyahu the son of Pashchur, and
+Juchal the son of Shelemyahu, and Pashchur
+the son of Malkiyah, heard the words that
+Jeremiah was speaking unto all the people,
+saying,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord, He that re-
+maineth in this city shall die by the sword,
+by the famine, and by the pestilence; but he
+that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live;
+and he shall have his life as a booty, and
+shall live.
+
+3 *\\ Thus hath said the Lord, This city
+shall surely be given up into the hand of the
+army of the king of Babylon, and he shall
+capture it.
+
+4 Thereupon said the princes unto the
+king, We beseech thee, let this man be put to
+death ; for the cause that he weakeneth the
+hands of the men of war that are yet left in
+this city, and the hands of all the people, by-
+speaking such words unto them; for this man
+
+
+another term for prison, but only used so as occasion
+required, since there were probably no regular prison-build-
+ings in Palestine.
+
+3 W
+
+
+seeketh not the welfare of this people, but
+their hurt.
+
+5 Then said king Zedekiah, Behold, he
+is in your hand; for the king is not able to
+do any thing against you.
+
+G Then did they take Jeremiah, and cast
+him into the pit of Malkiyahu the son of the
+king,'' that was in the court of the prison :
+and they let Jeremiah down with cords; but
+in the pit there was no water, but mire; so
+that Jeremiah sunk into the mire.
+
+7 Now when 'Ebed-melech the Cushi,'' a
+eunuch who was in the king's house, heard
+that they had placed Jeremiah into the pit ;
+while the king was sitting in the gate of Ben-
+jamin :
+
+8 'Ebed-melech went forth out of the king's
+house, and spoke to the king, saying,
+
+9 My lord, 0 king, these men have done
+wrong in all that they have done to Jeremiah
+the prophet, whom they have cast into the
+pit; and he would have had to die (as it is)
+in the place where he was for hunger; for
+there is no more bread in the city.
+
+10 The king then commanded 'Ebed-me-
+lech the Cushi, saying, Take with thee from
+here thirty men, and bring up Jeremiah the
+prophet out of the pit, before he die.
+
+11 So 'Ebed-melech took the men with
+him, and went into the house of the king
+under the treasury, and took thence cast-off
+clothes and old rags, and let them down into
+the pit to Jeremiah by cords.
+
+12 And 'Elx'd-melech the Cushi said unto
+Jeremiah, Put, I pray, these cast-oft" clothes
+and old rags under thy arm-pits beneath the
+cords. And Jeremiah did so.
+
+13 So they drew up Jeremiah with cords,
+and brought him up out of the pit: and
+Jeremiah remained in the court of the
+prison.
+
+14 Then sent king Zedekiah, and took
+Jeremiah the prophet unto him into the third
+entry that was in the house of the Lord; and
+the king said unto Jeremiah, I will ask thee
+something: conceal nothing from me.
+
+15 Then said Jeremiah unto Zedekiah, If
+I should tell it unto thee, behold, thou wilt
+surely put me to death; and if I should
+
+
+" Others, son of Hammelah, as above, xxxv. 2G.
+^ Commonly rendered Ethiopian. For "eunuch," Jo-
+nathan has "a great man."
+
+669
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXVIII. XXXIX.
+
+
+give thee counsel, tliou wilt not hearken unto
+me.
+
+IG So king Zedekiah swore unto Jeremiah
+.secretly, saying. As the Lord livetli, who
+hath made for us this soid, I will not put thee
+to death, nor will I give thee up into the
+hand of these men that seek thy life.
+
+17 ^ Then said Jeremiah unto Zedekiah,
+Thus hath said the Lord, the God of hosts,
+the God of Israel, If thou wilt indeed go forth
+unto the princes of the king of Babylon, then
+shall thy soul live, and this city shall not be
+burnt with fire; and thou shalt live, thou
+with thy household;
+
+18 But if thou wilt not go forth to the
+princes of the king of Babylon, then shall
+this city be given up into the hand of the
+Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire,
+and thou thyself shalt not escape out of their
+hand.
+
+19 Tl Then said king Zedekiah unto Jere-
+miah, I am in dread of the Jews that have
+run away to the Chaldeans, lest these deliver
+me into their hand, and they might ill-use" me.
+
+20 Tl But Jeremiah said, They will not
+give (thee) up. Obey, I beseech thee, the
+voice of the Lord, in that which I speak unto
+thee; so it shall be well unto thee, and thy
+soul shall live.
+
+21 But if thou refuse to go forth, this is
+the word that the Lord hath shown me :
+
+22 And behold, all the women that are
+left in the house of the king of Judah shall
+be led forth to the princes of the king of
+Babylon ; and these women shall say, '• Tliey
+have enticed, and have overpersuaded thee
+— thy men that should have sought thy wel-
+fare;'' thy feet are (now) sunk in the mire,
+and they have withdrawn themselves back-
+ward."
+
+23 And all thy wives and thy children
+shall they bring out to the Chaldeans ; and
+thou thyself shalt not escape out of their
+hand ; for by the hand of the king of Babylon
+shalt thou be caught; and this city wilt thou
+cause" to be burnt with fire.
+
+24 ^f Then said Zedekiah unto Jeremiah,
+
+' Kashi, affronter, "insult." Eng. vcr. "mock."
+
+' Philippson; but Ra,«hi, "the false prnphets that said
+
+to thcc, Thou shalt uot be caught." Jilt. " the men of
+
+thy peace."
+
+° llashi, "thou wilt be us though thou burnest it with
+570
+
+
+Let no man know of these words, that thou
+majest not die.
+
+25 And if the princes should hear that I
+have spoken with thee, and they come unto
+thee, and say unto thee. Tell us, we pray
+thee, what thou hast spoken unto the king,
+conceal it not from us, and we will not put
+thee to death; also what the king hath spoken
+unto thee :
+
+26 Then shalt thou say unto them, I pre-
+sented my humble supphcation before the
+king, that he would not send me back to the
+house of Jonathan, to die there.
+
+27 ]j And all the princes came unto Jere-
+miah, and asked him : and he told them in
+accordance with all these words that the king
+had commanded. And they turned away
+silent from him; for the matter had not been
+made public.'^
+
+28 And Jeremiah remained in the court
+of the prison until the day that Jerusalem
+was taken.
+
+^ And® it came to pass when Jerusalem
+was captured,
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+1 In the ninth year of Zedekiah the
+king of Judah, in the tenth month, that Ne-
+buchadrezzar the king of Babylon came with
+all his army against Jerusalem, and they be-
+sieged it.
+
+2 (And) in the eleveath year of Zedekiah,
+in the fourth month, on the ninth day of the
+month, was the city broken in.
+
+3 ^ And then came all the princes of the
+king of Babylon, and sat down in the middle
+gate ; (namely,) Neregal-sharezer, Samgar-
+nebu, Sarsechim, the chief of the eunuchs,
+Neregal-sharezer, the chief of the magi, with
+all the residue of the princes of the king of
+Babylon.
+
+4 And it came to pass when Zedekiah the
+king of Judali saw them, and all the men of
+war, that they fled, and went forth out of the
+city by night, by the way of the king's garden,
+by the gate between the two walls : and he
+went out by the way of the plain.
+
+thy own hands, for thou wilt cause it." Lit. " thou wilt
+
+buru."
+
+■^ After Redak. Lit. "the thing had uot been hoard."
+' According to the IMassorah, which makes here a
+
+srrtion, chapter xxxix. should commence with the word
+
+" And."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XXXIX. XL.
+
+
+5 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued
+after them, and they overtook Zedekiah in
+the pLiins of Jericho; and they took him, and
+brought hhu up to Xelnichadnezzar the king
+of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Chamath :
+and he ealled him to account."
+
+G And the king of Babylon slaughtered
+the sons of Zedekiah in Eiblah before his
+eyes; also all the nobles of Judah did the
+king of Babylon slaughter.
+
+7 And the eyes of Zedekiah did he blind ;
+and ho bound him with brazen fetters, to
+carry him to Babylon.
+
+8 And the house of the king, and the
+houses of the people did the Chaldeans burn
+with tire, and the walls of Jerusalem did they
+pull down.
+
+9 And the rest of the people that remained
+in the city, and those who had run away that
+had run away to him, with the rest of the
+people that remained, did Nebuzaradan the
+captain of the guard carry off into exile to
+to Babylon.
+
+10 But of the poorest of the people, who
+had nothing, did Nebuzaradan the captain
+of the guard leave some in the land of Judah,
+and gave them vineyards and arable lields at
+the same time.
+
+11 And Nebuchadrezzar the king of Bab}-
+lon gave charge concerning Jeremiah through
+means of Nebuzaradan the captain of the
+guard, sa3ing,
+
+12 Take him, and direct thy eyes to him,
+and do him not the least harm ; but as he
+may speak unto thee, even so do thou with
+him.
+
+13 Then sent Nebuzaradan the captain of
+the guard, and Nebushazban, the chief of the
+eunuchs, and Neregal-sharezer, the chief of
+the magi, and all the chiefs of the king of
+Babylon, —
+
+14 Even they sent, and took Jeremiah out
+of the court of the prison, and they committed
+him unto Gedalyahu the son of Achikam the
+son of Shaplian, to carry him home : and he
+remained in the midst of the people.
+
+10 ^ But unto Jeremiah was come the
+word of the Lord while he was shut up in
+the court of the prison, saving.
+
+
+' Rashi ; lit. "he spoke with him judgments;" mean-
+ing, he demanded an account for the breach of his oath
+of fidelity.
+
+
+IG Go and say to 'Ebed-melech the Cushi
+as followeth. Thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts, the God of Israel, Behold, I will bring
+my words (to fulfdment) against this city I'or
+evil, and not for good ; and they shall be ac-
+complished before thee on that day.
+
+17 But I will deliver thee on that day,
+saith the Lord; and thou shalt not be given
+up into the hand of the men of whom thou
+hast dread.
+
+18 For I will surely let thee escape, and
+thou shalt not fall by the sword; but thy life
+shall be unto thee as a booty; because thou
+hast put thy trust in me, saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+1 Tl The word that came unto Jeremiah
+from the Lord, after Nebuzaradan the captain
+of the guard had dismissed him from Raniah,
+when he had taken him as he was bound in
+chains in the midst of all the exiles of Jeru-
+salem and Judah, who were carried away
+into exile unto Babylon.
+
+2 Then took the captain of the guard Jere-
+miah, and said unto him, The Lord thy God
+had spoken this evil over this place;
+
+3 Now the LoiiD hath brought it (to fulfil-
+ment), and hath done according as he had
+spoken; because ye had sinned against the
+Lord, and had not hearkened to his voice ;
+and therefore is this thing come upon you.
+
+4 And now, behold, I have freed thee this
+day from the chains which were upon thy
+hand. If it seem good in thy eyes to come
+with me to Babylon, come, and I will direct
+my eye unto thee ; but if it seem ill in thy
+eyes to come with me to Babylon, forbear :
+behold, all the land is before thee; whither it
+seemeth good and proper in thy eyes to go,
+thither go.
+
+5 And as he did not yet turn about, (he
+said,) Go then back to Gedalyah the son of
+Achikam the son of Shaphan, whom the king
+of Babylon hath appointed governor over the
+cities of Judah, and dwell with him in the
+midst of the people ; or wheresoever it seemeth
+proper in thy eyes to go, go. And the cajjtain
+of the guard gave him an allowance and a
+present, and then dismissed him.
+
+6 So did Jeremiah come unto Gedalj'ah
+the son of Achikam to Mizpah ; and he dwelt
+with him in the midst of the people that had
+been left in the land.
+
+571
+
+
+JEREMIAH XL. XLT.
+
+
+7 ^ Now when all the captains of the ar-
+mies who were in the field, thej and their men,
+heard that the king of Babylon had appointed
+Gedalyahu the son of Achikani governor over
+the land, and that he had intrusted unto
+him men, and women, and children, and these
+of the poorest of the land, of those that had
+not been carried away into exile to Baljylon :
+
+8 Then came they to Gedalyah to Mizpah,
+even Ishmael the son of Nethanyahn, and
+Jochanan and Jonathan the i-ons of Kareiich,
+and Serayah the son of Tanchumeth, and the
+sons of 'Ephai the Netophathite, and Yezan-
+yahu the son of a Ma'achathite, they and
+their men.
+
+9 And Gedah-ahu the son of Achikam the
+son of Shaphan swore unto them and unto
+their men, saying, Have no fear to serve the
+Chaldeans : remain in the land, and serve the
+king of Babylon, and it will be well with you.
+
+10 As for me, l^ehold, I will dwell at Miz-
+pah, to stand before" the Chaldeans, -who will
+come unto us; but ye, gather ye together
+wine, and summer-fruits, and oil, and put
+them in your vessels, and dwell in your cities
+of which ye have taken possession.
+
+11 And so likewise all the Jews that were
+in Moab, and among the children of 'Ammon,
+and in Edom, and that were in all the
+countries, heard that the king of Babylon had
+left a remnant unto Judah, and that he had j
+appointed over them Gedalyahu the son of
+Achikam the son of Shaphan ;
+
+12 And then did all the Jews return out
+of all places whither they had been driven,
+and came to the land of Judah, to Gedalyahu.
+unto Mizpah, and gathered together wine
+and summer-fruits in very great abundance.
+
+13 And Jochanan the son of Kareiich, and
+all the captains of the armies that wei'e in
+the field, came to Gedalyahu to Mizpah,
+
+14 And they said unto him. Dost thou at all
+know that Ba'alis the king of the children of
+'Ammon hath sent Ishmael the son of Nethan-
+yah to deprive thee of life? But Gedalyahu
+the son of Achikam believed tliem not.
+
+
+* i. c. To represent the people with the Chaldeaii.s; and
+so does Philippson translate it.
+
+'' As the death of Gedalyah was the cause of the entire
+expulsion of the Jews from Palestine, tlu! anniversary of
+this sad event is kept as a fast-day throughout Israel.
+
+° It may be observed, that the signs of mourning by
+means of incisions in the flesh were prohibited. The sa-
+572
+
+
+15 And Jochanan the son of Kareiich said
+to Gedalyahu secretly in Mizpah, as foUoweth,
+Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ish-
+mael the son of Nethanyah, and no man shall
+know of it: wherefore should he deprive thee
+of life, whereby all the Jews who are gather-
+ed unto thee would be scattered, and the rem-
+nant of Judah be lost?
+
+16 But Gedalyahu the son of Achikam
+said unto Jochanan the son of Kareiich, Thou
+shalt not do this thing; for thou speakest a
+falsehood concerning Ishmael.
+
+CHAPTER XLL
+
+1 \ Now it came to pass in the seventh
+month, that Ishmael' the son of Nethanj'ah
+the son of Elishama', of the royal seed, and
+the chiefs of the king, even ten men with
+him, came unto Gedalyahu the son of Achi-
+kam to Mizpah; and the}- ate there bread to-
+gether in Mizpah.
+
+2 Then arose Ishmael the son of Nethan-
+yah, and the ten men that were with him,
+and smote Gedalyahu the son of Achikam
+the son of Shaphan with the sword, and put
+to death him, whom the king of Babylon had
+appointed governor over the land.''
+
+3 And all the Jews that ^vere with him,
+even with Gedalyahu, at Mizpah, and the
+Chaldeans that were found there, even the
+men of war, did Ishmael slay.
+
+4 And it came to pass on the second day
+after he had put Gedalyahu to death, while
+no man knew of it,
+
+5 That there came certain men from She-
+chem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, eighty
+men (in all), having their beards shaven, and
+their clothes rent, and having cut themselves,
+with meat-offerings and frankincense in their
+hand, to biing the same to the house of the
+
+LOKD."
+
+6 And Ishmael the son of Nethanyah went
+forth from Mizpah to meet them, going along
+and weeping: and it came to pass as he met
+them, that he said unto them, Come to Gedal-
+yahu the son of Achikam.
+
+
+orifices which these men brought, Rashi conceives, were
+devoted before they had heard that the temple was de-
+stroyed, which news only reached them on their jnurne}-;
+but Philippson, with more probability, supposes that an
+altar had been erected on the ruins of the temple, as later
+in Ezra's time, (see Ezraiii. 2, 3,) since the people always
+ckino; to the ceremonial observances of their religion.
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLI. XLII.
+
+
+7 And it happened, as they entered into
+the midst of the city, that Islimael the son
+of Nethanyah slaughtered them, (and cast
+them) into the midst of the cistern, he, and
+the men that were with him.
+
+8 But ten men were found among them
+that said unto Ishmael, >Shiy us not; for we
+have some things hidden in the field, (such
+as) wheat, and barley, and oil, and honey.
+So he forbore, and slew them not in the midst
+of their brethren.
+
+9 And the cistern wherein Ishmael cast all
+the corpses of the men, whom he had slain in
+company" with Gedalyahu, is the same which
+king Assa had made on account of Ba'sha the
+
+of Israel : this did Ishmael the son of
+
+
+Lini
+
+
+Nethanyah fill with slain persons.
+
+10 Then did Ishmael carry away captive
+all the residue of the people that were in Miz-
+pah, the king's daughters, and all the people
+that Avere remaining in Mizpah, whom Ne-
+buzaradan the captain of the guard had in-
+trusted to Gedalyahu the son of Achikam:
+and Ishmael the son of Nethanyah carried
+them away captive, and went oft' to pass over
+to the children of 'Amnion.
+
+11 But when Jochanan the son of Kareiich,
+and all the captains of the armies that were
+with him, heard of all the evil that Ishmael
+the son of Nethanyah had done :
+
+12 Then did they take all the men, and
+went to fight with Ishmael the son of Nethan-
+yah, and found him by the great water(-pool)
+that is near Gili'on.
+
+13 And it came to pass, when all the peo-
+ple who were with Ishmael saw Jochanan the
+.son of Kareiich, and all the captains of the
+armies that were with him, that they were
+rejoiced.
+
+14 And all the people that Ishmael had
+carried away captive from Mizpah tui-ned
+about and returned, and went unto Jochanan
+the son of Kareiich.
+
+15 But Ishmael the son of Nethanyah
+escaped with eight men from the presence of
+Jochanan, and he went to the children of
+'Ammon.
+
+16 Then took Jochanan the son of Ka-
+reiich, and all the captains of the armies that
+
+
+° T3 is given by Eashi, "through fault." Zunz, how-
+ever, "in the train," or, as given here, "in company."
+But literally, "by the hand.""
+
+
+were with him, all the remnant of tlie people
+whom he had recovered from Ishmael the
+son of Nethanyah, from Mizpah, after he had
+slain Gedalyah the son of Achikam, the adult
+males, the men of war, and the women, and
+the children, and the eunuchs, wliom he had
+brought l)ack from Gib'on;
+
+17 And they went, and remained in Ge-
+ruth-Kimham," which is by Beth-lechem, to
+go to enter into Egypt,
+
+18 Because of the Chaldeans; for they
+were afraid of them; because Ishmael the
+son of Nethanyah had slain Gedalyahu the
+son of Achikam, whom the king of Babylon
+had appointed governor over the land.
+
+CHAPTER XLII.
+
+1 T[ Then came near all the captains of
+the armies, and Jochanan the son of Kareiich,
+and Yezanyah the son of Hosha'yah, tind
+all the people from the least even unto the
+greatest,
+
+2 And said unto Jeremiah the prophet.
+Let, we beseech thee, our humble supplica-
+tion Ije accepted before thee, and pray in our
+behalf unto the Lord thy God, in behalf of
+all this remnant; (for we are left but a few
+of many, as thy own eyes do see us :)
+
+3 That the Lord thy God may tell us the
+way whereon we should walk, and the thing
+that we should do.
+
+4 Then said Jeremiah the prophet inito
+them, I have heard you: behold, I will pray
+unto the Lord your God according to your
+words; and it shall come to pass, that what-
+soever thing the Lord will answer you, I will
+tell unto you; I will withhold not a word
+from you.
+
+5 But they said to Jeremiah, May the
+Lord be a true and faithful witness against
+us, if we do not act entirely according to till
+the word with which the Lord thy God may
+send thee to us :
+
+6 Whether it be good, or whether it be
+evil, we will hearken to the voice of the Lord
+our God, to whom we send thee; in order
+tliat it may be well with us, when we heark-
+en to the voice of the Lord our God.
+
+7 ^ And it came to pass at the end of ten
+
+
+*■ Jonathan supposes that this was a residence and
+estate which David had settled on Kimham, tlie son of
+Barzillai.
+
+673
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLII. XLIII.
+
+
+clays, thiit the word of the Lord oaine unto
+Jeremiah.
+
+8 Then called he Jochanan the son of Ka-
+reiich, and all the captains of the armies who
+were with him, and all the people from the
+least even to the greatest,
+
+9 And he said unto them, Thus hath said
+the Lord, the God of Israel, unto wdiom ye
+sent me to present your humble supplication
+before him :
+
+10 If ye will indeed remain in this land,
+then will I Iniild you up, and I will not pull
+you down, and I will plaut you, and not
+pluck you n\); for I have bethought me of
+the evil that I have done unto you.
+
+11 Be ye not al'raid because of the king of
+Baljylon, of whom ye are afraid : have no
+fear of him, saith the Lord; for I am witli
+you to save you, and to deliver you out of liis
+hand.
+
+12 And I will give unto you mercy, that
+he may have mercy upon you, and let you
+return to your own land.
+
+13 But if ye say, We will not remain in
+this land, so as not to hearken to the voice
+of the Lord your God,
+
+14 Saying, No ; but into the land of Egypt
+will we go, that we may not see war, nor
+hear the sound of the cornet, and that we may
+not have hunger for bread; and thei'e will we
+dwell ;
+
+15 And now therefore hear the word of
+the Lord, ye renniant of Judah, Thus hath
+said the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, If >
+ye will indeed set your faces to enter into
+Egypt, and go thither to sojourn there:
+
+16 Then shall the sword, of which ye are
+iilVaid, there overtake you in the land of
+Egypt ; and the famine, whereof ye are in
+dread, shall there ck^ive close unto you in
+Egypt; and there shall ye die.
+
+17 So shall be all the men that have set
+their faces to go into Egypt to sojourn there,
+— thej' shall die b_\- the sword, by the famine,
+iiud by the pestilence; and they shall have
+none that remainetli or escapeth from the
+evil that I am bringing over them.
+
+18 For thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+tlie God of Israel. As luy anger and my fury
+were poured forth over the inhabitants of Je-
+
+" Redak; but Pliilippsnn, after RnsPinniilliT and others,
+"You have coiiiniittcil a d','i-('])tioii tu tlic injury of your
+souls, when you sent," &c.
+f<74
+
+
+rusalem : so shall my fury be poured forth
+over you, when ye enter into Egypt; and ye
+shall become an oath, and an astonishment,
+and a curse, and a disgrace; and ye shall
+never see this place again.
+
+19 The Lord hath spoken concerning you,
+
+0 ye remnant of Judah, "Ye shall not go
+into Egypt:" ye must know for certain that
+
+1 have warned you this day.
+
+20 For ye have dissemljled in regard to
+what your intentions'^ are; for ye sent me
+unto the Lord your God, saying, Pray in our
+behalf imto the Lord our God: and in ac-
+cordance with all that the Lord our God may
+say, so tell unto us, and Ave will do it.
+
+21 And I have told it to you this day; but
+ye inive not hearkened to the voice of the
+Lord your God, and this in all with which
+he hath sent me untt) you.
+
+22 But now know for certain that ye shall
+die by the sword, by the famine, and by the
+pestilence, in the place whither ye desire to
+go to sojourn there.
+
+CHAPTER XLIII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, when Jeremiah
+had made an end of speaking unto the whole
+people all the words of the Lord their God,
+with which the Lord their God had sent him
+to them, (namely,) all these words,
+
+2 ^ That then spoke 'Azaryah the son of
+Hosha'yah, and Jochanan the son of Kareiich,
+and all the presumptuous'' men, saying unto
+Jeremiah, Thou speakest falsely: the Lord
+our God hath not sent thee to say. Ye shall
+not go into Egypt to sojourn there;
+
+3 But Baruch the son of Neriyah setteth
+thee on against us, in order to deliver us into
+the hand of the Chaldeans, that they may
+put us to death, or carry us away as exiles to
+Babylon.
+
+4 So Jochanan the son of Kareach, and all
+the captains of the armies, and all the people,
+hearkened not to the voice of the Lord, to re-
+main in the land of Judah.
+
+5 But Jochanan the son of Kareach. and
+all the captains of the armies, took all the
+remnant of Judah, that w^ere retured from all
+the nations, whither they had been driven, to
+sojourn in the land of Judah ;
+
+' ?'. e. Those who knowingly disobeyed ; their pretended
+defeioneo to the divine oounuaud did but heighten their
+guilt, as it proved their wilful disobedieueo.
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLIII. XLIV.
+
+
+C Tlie men, and the women, and the chil-
+dren, and the king's danghters, and every
+j)erst)n that Nebuzaradan the captain of the
+guard had left with (icdalyalm the son of
+Aehikam the son of Shaphan; and Jeremiah
+the prophet, and Banicli the son of Neri-
+vah ;
+
+7 And they entered into the land of Egypt;
+for they hearkened not to the voice of the
+Lord; and they came as far as Thach-
+panches.
+
+8 ][ Then came the word of the Lord unto
+Jeremiah in Thachpanches, saying,
+
+9 Take great stones in thy hand, and hide
+them in the mortar* in the brick-kiln which
+is at the entrance of Pharaoh's house in
+Thachpanches, before the eyes of the Jewish
+men ;
+
+10 And thou shalt say unto them, Thus
+hath said the Lord of hosts, the God of Is-
+rael, Behold, I will send for and take Nebu-
+chadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant,
+and I will set his throne above these stones
+that I have hidden; and he shall spread liis
+royal pavilion"^ over them.
+
+11 And he shall come and smite the land
+of Egypt: such as are destined for death shall
+be given to death; and such as are destined
+for captivity, to captivity; and such as are
+destined for the sword, to the sword.
+
+12 And I will kindle a fire in the houses
+of the gods of Egypt, and he shall burn them,
+and carry them away captive: and he shall
+wrap around" him the land of Egypt, as a
+shepherd wrappeth his garment around him;
+and he shall go forth from there in peace.
+
+13 And he shall break the statues of Beth-
+shemesh,'' wliich is in the land of Egypt; and
+the houses of the gods of the Egyptians shall
+he burn with fire.
+
+CHAPTER XLIV.
+
+1 T[ The word that came to Jeremiah lor
+all the Jews who dwell in the land of Egypt,
+who dwell at Migdol, and at Thachpanches,
+and at Noph, and in the country of Pathros,
+saying,
+
+
+' Rashi, "hide them, wrapping them up with clay;"
+but lledak, simply, "mortar."
+
+'■ Philippson, "carpet," which he prefers to "pavilion."
+
+° Meaning, he .shall take awiy all the spoil of Egypt.
+
+Rashi, "he shall wrap around him all the booty of Egypt
+
+and go out, as the shepherd rolleth and wrappeth up his
+
+
+2 Thus hatli said the LoKD of hosts, the
+God of Israel, You yourselves have seen all
+the evil that I have brought over Jerusalem,
+and over all the cities of Judali; and, beholil,
+they are ruins this day, and no man is dwell-
+ing in them ;
+
+3 Because of their wickedness which they
+had committed to provoke me to anger, Ijy
+going to l)urn incense, to serve other gods,
+whom they did not know, either they, you,
+or your fathers.
+
+4 And I sent unto you all mj' servants the
+prophets, making them I'ise early and send-
+ing them, saying, Oh, do not commit this
+abominable thing which I hate.
+
+5 But they hearkened not, and inclined
+not their ear to turn away from their wicked-
+ness, so as not to burn incense unto other
+gods.
+
+6 Whereupon my fury and my anger were
+poured forth, and were enkindled in the cities
+of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem : and
+the}' are become ruins, a desert, as at this
+day.
+
+7 ][ And now thus hath said the Lord,
+the God of hosts, the God of Israel, Where-
+fore do ye commit so great an evil against
+your souls, so as to cut off unto you man
+and woman, child and suckling, out of the
+midst of Judah, so as not to leave you any
+remainder,
+
+8 By provoking me unto wrath with the
+works of 3"our hands, in burning incense unto
+other gods in the land of Egypt, whither ye
+are come to sojourn there, in order to cut
+yourselves off, and in order that ye might be-
+come a curse and a disgrace among all the
+nations of the earth?
+
+9 Have ye forgotten the wickedness of
+your fathers, and the wickedness of the kings
+of Judah, and the wickedness of their wives,
+and vour own wickedness, and the wicked-
+ness of your wives, which they had committed
+in the land of Judah, and in the streets of
+Jerusalem ?
+
+10 They are not humbled even up to this
+day, and they are not afraid, and the}' walk
+
+garment and casteth it from his shoulders when he leadeth
+forth his flock before him." Philippson, "as the shep-
+herd wraps his cloak around him to remain uninjured by
+the assaults of the storm."
+
+^ "The house of the sun," the town of Heliopolis or
+
+On.
+
+675
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLIV.
+
+
+not in my law, nor in my statutes, that I
+have set before j'ou and before your fathers.
+
+11 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+of hosts, the God of Israel, Behold, I will set
+juy face against you for evil, and to cut ofl" all
+Judah.
+
+12 And I will take the remnant of Judah,
+that have set their faces to go into the land
+of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all
+come to their end, and in the land of Egypt
+shall they fall: by the sword (and) by the
+famine shall they come to their end; from
+the least even unto the greatest, by the sword
+and by the famine shall they die; and they
+shall become an oath, an astonishment, and a
+curse, and a disgrace.
+
+13 And I will inflict punishment on those
+that dwell in the land of Egypt, as I have
+inflicted punishment on Jerusalem, through
+the sword, through the famine, and through
+the pestilence:
+
+14 So that there shall be no one that
+escapeth or remaineth of the remnant of Ju-
+dah, who are gone into the land of Egypt to
+sojourn there, that they should return into
+the land of Judah, to which they direct (the
+desire of) their soul to return thither to dwell
+there; for they shall not return, but such as
+shall escape."
+
+15 *|[ Then did all the men who knew
+that their wives were burning incense unto
+other gods, and all the women that stood by,
+a great multitude, and all the people that
+dwelt in the land of Egypt, in Pathros, an-
+swer Jeremiah, saying,
+
+16 Respecting the word that thou hast
+spoken unto us in the name of the Lord, we
+will not hearken unto tliee.
+
+17 For to a surety we will do all the word
+that is gone forth out of our own mouth, to
+burn incense uuto the queen of heaven, and
+to pour out drink-ofierings unto her, as we
+liave done, we, and our fathers, our kings,
+Mud our 2)rinces, in the cities of Judah, and
+in the streets of Jerusalem: when we had
+
+
+° The denunciation of the prophet is thus qualified by
+this clause; as an entire body they should never return:
+only a few that should escape the general destruction were
+to see again the land of Israel. Philippson draws atten-
+tion to the contrast between the exiles in Babylon, who,
+from the moment of their entrance there, returned to the
+law, and the fugitives to Kgypt, who lapsi'd into idolatry.
+
+'' This verse is rendered after iiashi. It aj)|i('ars that tiie
+o70
+
+
+plenty of food, and fared well, and saw no
+evil.
+
+18 But since the time we have left off to
+burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to
+pour out drink-offerings unto her, have we
+had a lack of every thing ; and we have come
+to our end through the s^vord and through
+the famine.
+
+19 And when we burnt incen.se to the
+queen of heaven, and poured out drink-oflfer-
+ings unto her, — was this without (the con-
+sent of") our husbands, that we did make
+cakes for her to make her image, and pour
+out drink-offerings unto her ?
+
+20 ^ Then said Jeremiah unto all the peo-
+ple, to the men, and to the women, and to all
+the people who had answered him (with that)
+word, saying,
+
+21 Behold, it was the incense that ye burnt
+in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of
+Jerusalem, ye, and your fiithers, your kings,
+and your jirinces, and the people of the land,
+which the Lord remembered, and which came
+into his mind;
+
+22 So that the Lord could no longer endure
+it, because of the evil of your doings, because
+of the abominations which ye had committed :
+therefore is your land become a ruin, and an
+(object of) astonishment, and a curse, without
+an inhabitant, as at this day.
+
+23 Because that ye had burnt incense, and
+because ye had sinned against the Lord,
+and had not hearkened to the voice of the
+Lord, and had not walked in his law, in his
+statutes, and in his testimonies: therefore
+did this evil befall 3'ou, as it is this day.
+
+24 ][ And Jeremiah said (fixrther) to all
+the people, and to all the women. Hear the
+word of the Lord, all Judah that are in the
+land of Egypt,
+
+25 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, the
+God of Israel, saying, Ye and your wives have
+both spoken with yoiu- mouth, and fulfilled
+with your hands, saying, We will surely per-
+form our vows that we have vowed, to burn
+
+
+women took the lead in resisting the admonition to ab-
+stain from idolatry, and they ascribed worldly success to
+the practices they detail. n^iVnS from 3!?;; "an imago,"
+to make images of the moon in dough, which custom al.>*o
+is said to have obtained among the Greeks. (See also
+above, vii. IS.) Others, "who serve her;" but this is not
+literal, as, if the root be derived from "pain," it should
+be "give her pain."
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLiV. XLV. XL VI.
+
+
+incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour
+out drink-oflferings unto her: ye will fully ac-
+complish your vows, and fully perform your
+vows.
+
+26 Therefore hear ye the word of the Lord,
+all Judah that dwell in the land of Egypt,
+Behold, I have sworn by my groat name,
+saith the Lord, that my name shall no more
+be called by the mouth of any man of Judah,
+saying, " As the Lord Eternal livetli," in all
+the land of Egypt.
+
+27 Behold. I will watch over them for
+evil, and not for good : and all the men of Ju-
+dah that are in the land of Egypt shall come
+to their end through the swonl and through
+the famine, until the}- be destroyed.
+
+28 Yet some that escape the sword shall
+return out of the land of Egypt into the land
+of Judah^, but few in number; and all the
+remnant of Judah, that are come into the
+land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall know
+\vhose words shall stand firm, mine, or theirs.
+
+29 And this shall be unto you the sign,
+saith the Lord, that I will inflict punishment
+on you in this place, in order that ye may
+know that my words shall surely stand firm
+against vou for evil :
+
+30 ^f'^Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, I
+will give Pharaoh-chophra' the king of Egypt
+into the hand of his enemies, and into the
+hand of those that seek his life, as I gave
+Zedekiah the king of Judah into the hand of
+Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, his
+enemy, and who had sought his life.
+
+CHAPTER XLV.
+
+1 *j\ The word which Jeremiah the prophet
+spoke unto Baruch the son of Nei'iyah, when
+he wrote these words in a book out of the
+mouth of Jeremiah, in the fourth year of Je-
+hoyakim the son of Josiah the king of Judah,
+saying,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord, the God of
+Israel, concerning thee, 0 Baruch :
+
+3 Thou didst say. Wo is me now! for the
+Lord hath added grief to my jjain; I am
+wearied in my sighing, and rest have I not
+found ;
+
+4 Thus shalt thou say unto him. Thus
+hath the Lord said, Behold, what I have
+
+
+' Rashi, FoHi'hir, "to pnlisli,'' "to cleanse,
+"furlash."
+
+3X
+
+
+Eng.
+
+
+built will I pull down, and what I have
+planted I will pluck up; and so it is with this
+whole land.
+
+5 And wouldst thou indeed seek great
+things for thyself? seek them not ; for, behold,
+I will bring evil upon all flesh, s.'uth the
+Lord; but I will give thy life unto thee as a
+booty in all the places whither thou mayest go.
+
+CHAPTER XLVI.
+
+1 ^[ The word of the Lord which came to
+Jeremiah the prophet against the nations:
+
+2 Concerning Egypt, against the arm\ of
+Pharaoh-necho the king of Egypt, which was
+(posted) by the river Euphrates in Karke-
+mish, which Nebuchadrezzar the king of
+Bab^dou smote in the fourth year of Jehoya-
+kim the son of Josiah the king of Judah.
+
+3 Make ye ready shield and buckler, and
+draw near to the battle.
+
+4 Harness the horses, and mount, je horse-
+men, and stand forth with helmets : shar[)en''
+the spears, and put on the coats of mail.
+
+5 Wherefore have I seen them dismajed,
+moving backward ? while their mighty ones are
+beaten down, and seek safety in flight, and
+look not back? There is terror round about,
+saith the Lord.
+
+6 The swift cannot flee away, nor can the
+mighty man escape : toward the north by the
+shore of the river Euphrates do they stumble
+and fall.
+
+7 Who is this that cometh up like a stream,
+whose waters are upheaved like the rivers?
+
+8 Egypt cometh up like a stream, and like
+the rivers are the waters upheaved ; and he
+saith, I will go up, I will cover the land ; I will
+destroy the city and those that dwell therein.
+
+9 Come up, ye horses; and rush along
+wildly, ye chariots; and let the mighty men
+come forth : Cush'' and Put, that grasp the
+shield, and the Ludini, that grasp and bend
+the bow.
+
+10 And this same day is for the Lord, the
+Eternal of hosts, a day of vengeance, to be
+avenged on his adversaries ; that the sword
+may devour, and may be satiated and made
+drunken with their blood; for there is a sacri-
+fice for the Lord the Eternal of hosts in the
+north country by the river Euphrates.
+
+
+'' Eiig. ver. "Ethiopians," " Liliyans,"
+
+
+• Lydiaus
+577
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLVI. XLVIl.
+
+
+11 Go up into GiFacl, and fetch balm, 0
+virgin, daughter of Egypt: in vain usest thou
+many remedies; there is no recovery for
+thee.
+
+12 Nations have heard of thy shame,
+and thy cry of anguish hath filled the earth ;
+for the mighty man over the mighty liave they
+stumbled, together are both of them fallen.
+
+13 ^[ The word which the Lord spoke to
+Jeremiah the prophet, concerning tlie coming
+of Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, to
+smite the land of Egypt.
+
+14 Announce ye in Egypt, and publish in
+Migdol, and pul)lish in Noph and in Thach-
+panches: sa^y .ye, Stand last, and pi'epare
+thyself; for the sword devoureth round about
+thee.
+
+15 Why are thy valiant men swept away?
+not one hath stood, because the Lord did
+drive him off.
+
+IG He caused many to stumble ; yea, one
+also fell over the other ; and they said, Arise,
+and let us return to our own people, and to
+the land of our birth, from befoi-e the wasting
+swoi'd.
+
+17 They called out there, Pharaoh is king"
+of Egypt, it was but vaunting, he hath let
+the time appointed pass by.
+
+18 As I live, saith the King, the Lord of
+hosts is his name. Surely as Thaboris among
+the mountains, and as Carmel is Ijy the sea,
+so shall he'' come.
+
+19 Appurtenances of exile make for thy-
+self, 0 thou inhabitress, daughter of Egypt;
+tor Noph shall be made a waste and be left
+desolate without an iidiabitant.
+
+20 T[ 0 flxirest heifer, Egypt! the butcher
+from the north cometh, he cometli.
+
+21 Also her hired troops'" in the midst of
+her are like fatted calves ; for they also are
+turned round, are fled away together, they do
+not stand ; be(-au.se the day of their calamity
+is come upon them, the time of their pu-
+nishment.
+
+22 Her cry shall come like (the hissing of )
+a serpent; for with an army shall they march,
+
+
+" After Rashi and Arnheim; the last explains, " Nebu-
+(•li.uliiczzar's threat to invade Efr.vpt "■:''■* mere vaunting,
+and I'haraoh remains king." I'liilippsun, " Tiioj called out
+tliere," (at the battle,) "0 Pharaoh king of Kgypt, (there
+i.s) destruction. He let pa.ss by the favourable time;"
+meaning tliat the time for attacking Nebuchadnezzar
+cho.-ien by I'iiaraoh was unfavourable t(i success.
+578
+
+
+and with axes do they come against her, like
+hewers of wood.
+
+23 They cut doAvn her forest, saith the
+Lord, though it cannot be searched out; be-
+cause they are more than the grasshoppers,
+and there is no number to them.
+
+24 Ashamed hath been made the daughter
+of Egypt: she hath been given up into the
+hand of the people of the north.
+
+25 The Lord of hosts, the God of Israel,
+hath said, Behold, I will send visitation on
+Ahmon of No, and on Pharaoh, and on Egypt,
+and on her gods, and on her kings; even on
+Pharaoh, and on those that trust on him;
+
+2G And I will give them up into the hand
+of those that seek their life, and into the
+hand of Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon,
+and into the hand of his servants : and after-
+ward shall she Ite inhabited, as in the days of
+old, saith the Lord.
+
+27 ^ But thou, — fear thou not, 0 my ser-
+vant Jacol), and be not dismayed, 0 Israel;
+for, behold, I will save thee from afar off, and
+thy seed from the land of their captivity: and
+Jacob shall return, and he shall be at rest and
+at ease, with none to make him afraid.
+
+28 Thou, — fear thou not, 0 Jacob my ser-
+vant, saith the Lord; for I am with thee:
+and although I make a full end of all the
+nations whither I have driven thee, yet of
+thee will I not make a full end; and I will
+correct thee in measure; yet wholly will I not
+leave thee unpunished.''
+
+CHAPTER XLVII.
+
+1 The word of the Lord that came to Jere-
+miah the projihet against the Philistines, be-
+fore the time that Pharaoh smote Gazzah.
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, waters
+are coming up out of the north, and they
+shall become an overflowing stream, and shall
+overflow the land, and what filleth it; the
+city, and those that dwell therein: and the
+men shall cry aloud, and every inhabitant
+of the land shall wail.
+
+3 Because of the noise of the stamping of
+
+' The king of Babylon, meaning, his present tardmcss
+shall be followed by his actual arrival, when all that is
+threatened shall be done. But Jonathan and Rashi,
+" shall this thing come on Egypt."
+
+" Redak ; but Rashi, " chiefs."
+
+■•Jonathan and Rashi, "I will not whully destroy
+thee." (See also .\xx. 11.)
+
+
+JEREMIAH XL\11. XLV'III.
+
+
+the hoofs of hif^ stud-horses," because of the
+rushing sound of his chariots, the rumbling
+of his wheels, fathers do not turn round to
+their children from their feebleness of hands;
+
+4 Because of the day that cometh to devas-
+tate all the Philistines, to cut ofi' from T^re
+and Zidon every helper that remaineth; for
+the Lord devastateth the Philistines, the
+remnant of the isle of Caphthor.
+
+5 Baldness is come upon Gazzah; ruined is
+Ashkelon witli the remnant of their valley:
+how long yet wilt thou cut'' thyself?
+
+G Wo! thou sword of the Lord, how long
+yet wilt thou not l)e cpiiet? withdraw thyself
+into thv scabbard, take thee rest, and be
+still.
+
+7 Yet how canst thou be quiet? When the
+Lord hath given it a charge, against Ashke-
+lon, and against the sea-coast^ — thither hath
+he destined it.
+
+CHAPTER XLVIIL
+
+" 1 Against Moiib, Thus hath said the Lord
+of hosts, the God of Israel, Wo unto Nebo!
+for it is wasted; made ashamed, captured is
+Kiryathayim ; made ashamed is Misgal/ and
+dismayed.
+
+2 There is no more praise of Moilb: in
+Cheshbou have the}' devised evil against it,
+" Come, and let us cut it oiF from Ijeing a na-
+tion." Also thou Madmen shalt be ruined;
+after thee shall pursue the sword.
+
+3 There is a voice of crying from Choro-
+nayim, destruction and a great breach.
+
+4 Broken down is Moilb: her little ones
+send forth'' a cry of distress.
+
+5 For the ascent of Luchith is ascended
+with weeping and tears; for on the descent
+of Choronayim the enemies have heard the
+cry of destruction.
+
+6 Flee, save your life, and he ye like the
+solitary tree'' in the wilderness.
+
+7 For, because thou hast trusted in thy
+
+• Eng. ver. and Redak, "strong horses." (.See viii. 16.)
+
+'' lu allusion to the heathen niocle of displaying tokens
+of outward grief. (Deut. xiv. 1.)
+
+" According to llashi, the name of a place; literally,
+"a strong height."
+
+^ Lit "caused to be heard."
+
+' Redak. (See xvii. 6.) But Jonathan and Rashi have,
+"like the tower of 'Aro'er in the wilderness, where there
+are no houses, but only tents around."
+
+' Rashi, who says, "whatever stands out from man and
+cuttle is called yi, (literally, 'bud;') thus, 'lock of
+
+
+works and in thy treasures, thou also shalt
+be conquered: and Kemosh shall go forth
+into exile, (with) his priests and his princes
+together.
+
+8 And the waster shall come over every
+city, and no city shall escape: and lost shall
+be the Aalley, and destroyed shall be the
+plain, as the Lord hath said.
+
+9 Give wings^ unto Moilb, that she may
+tlee and get away; since her cities shall become
+desolate, Avithout any to dwell therein.
+
+10 Cursed be he that doth the work of
+the Lord negligently,*-' and cursed be he that
+withholdeth his sword from blood.
+
+11 Moilb was ever at ease from his 3'outh,
+and he was resting on his lees,'" and was not
+emjjtied from vessel to vessel, and had not
+gone into exile: therefoi'e had his taste re-
+mained in him, and his scent was not
+changed.
+
+12 ^ Therefore, behold, days are coming,
+saith the Lord, when I will send unto him
+tappers, that shall tap liiin, and they shall
+empty his vessels, and dash in pieces their
+bottles.
+
+13 And Moilb shall be ashamed of Ke-
+mo.sh, as the house of Israel were made
+ashamed Ijecause of Beth-el their confidence.
+
+14 How can ye say, We are mighty and
+men of bravery for the war ?
+
+15 Moilb is wasted, and into his cities hatli
+(the enemy) ascended, and his chosen young
+men are gone down to the slaughter, saith
+the King, the Lord of hosts is his name.
+
+16 Near is the calamity of Moilb to come,
+and his misfortune hasteneth last.
+
+17 All ye that are about him bemoan him;
+and all ye tliat know his name: say. How is
+the strong staff broken, the beautiful stick !
+
+18 Come down from thy glory, and sit in
+thirst,' tlu)u inhabitress, daughter of Dibon ;
+for the waster of Moiib cometh up against
+thee, he destroyeth thy strong-holds.
+
+hair,' 'wing,'" &c. Hence, perhaps, y: is the "sparrow-
+hawk."
+
+^ " Deceitfully," as the lazy man deceives in the
+amount of work expected from him. Rashi explains
+"the work of the Lord" the destruction of Moiib, for
+this is here given as a divine mission.
+
+' Like wine which is left undisturbed in the cask to
+settle; the prophet carries out the simile in the next
+verse. D'i'X are those who draw oft' the wine from one
+vessel into the other, — "tappers."
+
+' "There was a large pool near this place." I'lUi.iri'SON.
+
+579
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLVIIT.
+
+
+19 Stand by the way, and look out, 0 in-
+liabitress of 'Aro'er: ask him that fleeth, and
+her that escapeth, saj-, What hath been
+done ?
+
+20 Moab hath been made asshamed; for it
+is broken down ; wail, and cry aloud : tell ye
+it by the Arnon, that Moiib is wasted,
+
+21 And punishment is come over the land
+of the plain, over Cholon, and over Yahzah,
+and over Mcpha'ath,
+
+22 And over Dibon, and over Nebo, and
+over Beth-diblatliayim,
+
+23 And over Kiryathayim, and over Beth-
+gamal, and over Beth-me'on,
+
+24 And over Keriyoth, and over Bozrah,
+and over all the cities of the land of Moab,
+that are far and that are near.
+
+25 Hewn away is the horn of Moab, and
+his arm is broken, saith tlie Lord.
+
+26 Make him drunken; for he magnified"
+himself against the Lord: and Moiib shall
+wallow in his vomit, and he also shall become
+(an object) of derision.
+
+27 For was not Israel a derision unto
+thee? or was he found among thieves? that
+whenever thou spokest of him, thou hadst to
+shake (thy head) ?
+
+28 Leave the cities, and dwell on rocks, 0
+ye that dwell in Moab; and be ye like the
+dove that maketh her nest in the sides of the
+mouth of rocky clefts.
+
+29 We have heard the pride of Moab, who
+is so exceedingly proud, his haughtiness, and
+his pride, and his arrogance, and the over-
+bearingness of his heart.
+
+•'><) I well know, saith the Lord, his wrath,
+and how causeless it is : liis liars have done
+what is not right.
+
+31 Therefore will I wail lor Moiib, and
+for all Moiib will I cry out; for the men of
+Kir-cheres shall people moan.
+
+32 With the weeping of Ya'zer will I
+weep for thee, 0 vine of 8ibmah; thy tendrils
+(once) passed over the sea, they reached as far
+as to the sea of Ya'zer: over thy sunnner-
+fruits and over thy vintage the waster is
+fallen.
+
+33 And banished are joy and gladness from
+(Jarmel, and from the land of Moiib; and I
+have caused the wine to cease from the wine-
+
+
+" JiiikiIIkiii, "fdv lie liiitli iiKidu himself great over the
+people of tlie IjOKI)."
+080
+
+
+presses : none shall tread the press with the
+vintner's call; battle cry — nor vintner's call.
+
+34 From the loud cry of Cheshbon as far
+as El'aleh, even unto Yahaz, have they sent
+forth their voice, from Zo'ar even unto Clio-
+ronayim, to the third 'Eglath ; for the waters
+also of Nimrim shall become desolate.
+
+35 Moreover will I cause to cease unto
+Moiib, saith the Lord, him that ofiereth on
+the high-places, and him that burnetii incense
+to his gods.
+
+36 Therefore shall my heart groan for
+Moiib like flutes, and my heart shall groan
+like flutes for the men of Kir-cheres; for the
+cause*" that the remnant of the riches he had
+gotten are lost.
+
+37 For every head is bald, and every beard
+is shorn : upon all the hands are cuttings,
+and upon the loins is sackcloth.
+
+38 Upon all tlie roofs of Moiib, and in her
+streets, there is everywhere lamentation ; for
+I have broken Moiib like a vessel which hath
+no value, saith the Lord.
+
+39 Oh. how is it broken down! wail! how
+hath Moiib turned the back with shame ! and
+Moiib shall be a derision and a dismay to all
+those around him.
+
+40 ][ For thus hath said the Lord, Behold,
+as the eagle shall he fly, and he shall spread
+out his wings over Moiib.
+
+41 Captured are the fortresses, and the
+strong-holds are conquered : and the heart
+of the mighty men of Moiib shall Ix' on
+that day as the heart of a woman in lier
+pangs.
+
+42 And Moiib shall be destroyed from be-
+ing a people; because it hath magnified him-
+self against the Lord.
+
+43 Terror, and the pit, and the snare, shall
+be upon thee, 0 inhabitant of Moiib, saith
+the Lord.
+
+44 He that fleeth from the terror shall fiill
+into the pit; and he that getteth nji out of
+the pit shall be caught in the snare; for I
+will bring upon it, even upon Moiib, the j'car
+of their visitation, saith the Lord.
+
+45 Under the shadow of Cheshbon stand
+still, deprived of strength, those that flee; but
+a fire cometh forth out of Cheslibon, and a
+flame from the midst of Siclion, and it devour-
+
+
+'' Beilak; but Rashi, "because he hath done proud
+things, therefore are they lost."
+
+
+.TEREMIATT XLVIII. XLIX.
+
+
+ctii tlio corner of Moab, and the crown of the
+head of the children of vannting.
+
+4(1 Wo nnto tliee, 0 Mollb! lost is the peo-
+ple of Keniosh ; for thj sons are taken cap-
+tives, and thy daughters into captivity.
+
+47 Yet will I brin^- back a^ain the ca])ti-
+vity of Moilb in the end of days, saith the
+Lord. Thns far is the punishment of Moilb.
+
+CHAPTER XLIX.
+
+1 ^ Against the children of 'Amnion, Thus
+hath said tlie Lord, ILith Israel no sons? or
+hatli he no heir? why then dotli Malcom
+possess Gad, and why do his people dwell in
+his cities?
+
+2 Therefore, behold, days are coming, saith
+the Lord, when I will cause an alarm of war
+to be heard in Rabljah of the children of 'Am-
+nion; and it shall become a desolate heap,
+and its villages shall be burnt with fire:
+then shall Israel drive out those that drove
+them out, saith the Lord.
+
+3 Wail, 0 Cheshbon, for 'Ai is wasted; cry
+aloud, 3^e daughters of Rabbali, gird your-
+selves with sackcloth; lament, and roam
+about among the sheepfolds; for Malcom
+shall go into exile, (with) his priest and his
+princes together.
+
+4 Wherefore gloriest thou in the valleys?
+thy valley floweth (with" blood), 0 backslid-
+ing daughter, that trusted in her treasures,
+saying. Who can come unto me?
+
+5 Behold, I will bring terror upon thee,
+saith the Lord the Eternal of hosts, from all
+those that are around thee: and ye shall be
+driven out every man in his own way; and
+none shall gather up the fugitive.
+
+6 And afterward will I bring back again
+the captivity of the children of 'Amnion,
+saith the Lord.
+
+7 ^ Concerning Edom, thus hath said the
+Lord of hosts, Is there no more wisdom in
+Theman? is counsel vanished from the pru-
+dent? is their wisdom become corrupt?
+
+8 • They tlee, turn round, seek their abode
+in deep places, — the inhabitants of Dedan; for
+the calamity of Esau do I bring upon him,
+the time when I visit him with punishment.
+
+" Redak: so also, iu a measure, Jouatban, " thy streugth
+is Lroken." Rashi, "the rains overflow thy valley."
+
+■= Rashi refers this verse to Ii-rael; but it cau neverthe-
+less be applied to Edom, and mean that the destruction
+aball be so great that the captives and widows should
+
+
+9 If grape-gatherers had come (o lliec,
+would they not have left some gleanings? if
+thieves by night, they would destroy only till
+they had satisfied themselves;
+
+10 But I have made Esau bare, I have un-
+covered his secret haunts, so that he will not
+be able to hide himself: his seed is wasted,
+and his brethren, and his neighbours, ami he
+is no more.
+
+11 Leave thy fatherless'' children, I will
+have to preserve them alive: and thy widows
+must trust in me.
+
+12 ][ For thus hath said the Lord, Be-
+hold, they whose right it was not to drink
+tlie cup have been compelled to drink it, and
+art thou he that shall altogether go unpunish-
+ed? thou shalt not go unpunished, but thou
+shalt surely drink it.
+
+13 For by myself have I sworn, saith the
+Lord, that ISozrah shall become an astonish-
+ment, a disgrace, a ruin, and a curse; and
+all its cities shall become perpetual I'uins.
+
+14 A report have I heard from the Lord,
+and an ambassador is sent among the nations,
+(saying,) Gather yourselves together, and
+come against her, and rise up to the battle.
+
+15 For, lo, I render thee small among the
+nations, despised among men.
+
+IG Thy hastiness hath deceived thee, the
+presumption of thy heart, 0 thou that dwell-
+est in the clefts" of the rock, that boldest the
+heiixht of the hill: though thou shouldst
+make thy nest as high as the eagle, thence
+would I bring thee down, saith the Lord.
+
+17 And Edom shall become (an object of)
+astonishment: every one that passeth by it
+shall be astonished, and shall hiss at all its
+wounds.
+
+18 Like the overthrow of Sodom and Go-
+morrah and their neighbours, saith the Lord,
+so shall no man dwell there, nor shall a son
+of man sojourn therein.
+
+19 Behold, like a lion will he come up
+from the (jvertlow of the Jordan against the
+strong haljitation; for I will hasten him, (and)
+make him suddenly prevail against her; and
+him who is chosen will I array against her;
+foi- who is like me? and who will challenge''
+
+have no support but fJod, all human aid having been cut
+off.
+
+° Jonathan. Others, "top of the rock."
+
+^ Rashi, "summon me to war." Redak, "who will fix
+fir me time and period for battle." Zunz, "summon."
+
+681
+
+
+JEREMIAH XLIX. L.
+
+
+inc to battle? and who is that shepherd that
+can stand before me?
+
+20 Therefore hear the counsel of the Lord,
+that he hath resolved against Edoni; and his
+purposes, that he hath devised against the in-
+haljitants of Tlieman : Surely the least" of the
+docks shall di'ag them away; surely he will
+devastate over them their habitation.
+
+21 At the noise of their fall the earth
+quaketh: (there is) an outcry, — at the Red
+Sea their voice is heard.
+
+22 Behold, like the eagle shall he* come up
+and Hy along, and spread out his wings over
+Bozrah : and the heart of the mighty men of
+Edom shall be on that day as the heart of a
+woman in her pangs.
+
+23 ^ Concerning Damascus. Chamath
+and Arpad are made ashamed; for evil tid-
+ings have they heard, they are fainthearted:
+on the sea there is care, it is not able to be
+quiet.
+
+24 Damascus is become feeble, she turneth
+about to flee, and trembling hath taken hold
+on her: pangs and throes have seized her, as
+a woman in travail.
+
+25 " How is the city of praise not forsaken,"
+the town of my joy !"
+
+26 Therefore shall her young men fall in
+her streets, and all the men of war shall
+perish on that day, saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+27 And I will kindle a fire on the wall of
+Damascus, and it shall consume the palaces
+of Ben-hadad.
+
+28 ^ Concerning Kedar, and concerning
+the kingdoms of Chazor, which Nebuchadrez-
+zar the king of Babylon smote, thus hath
+said the Lord, Arise ye, go up to Kedar, and
+devastate tlie men of the east.
+
+29 Their tents and their flocks shall they
+take away; their curtains, and all their ves-
+sels, and their camels shall they take to them-
+selves: and they shall call out over them.
+Terror is on every side.
+
+30 Flee, fly away far ofl', seek your abode
+in deep places, 0 ye inhabitants of Chazor,
+saith the Lord; for Nebuchadrezzar the king
+of Babylon hath taken counsel against you,
+and hath conceived a device against you.
+
+31 Arise, get you up unto the nation that
+is at ease,** that dwelleth in security, saith
+
+* ZuDZ, "the boys attending the flocks;" but more
+properly, "the meanest of the flocks," common people.
+'' The enemy.
+&»:;
+
+
+the Lord, Avhich hath neither gates nor bars,
+which dwelleth idone.
+
+32 And their camels shall become a booty,
+and the multitude of their cattle a spoil : and
+I will scatter unto all winds those that have
+the hair cut round ; and from all sides will
+I bring their calamity, saith the Lord.
+
+33 And Chazor shall become a dwelling
+for monsters, a desolation for ever: there
+shall no man dwell there, nor shall a son of
+man sojourn therein.
+
+34 T[ The word of the Lord that came to
+Jeremiah the prophet concerning 'Elam, in
+the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah the
+king of Judah, saying,
+
+35 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts. Be-
+hold, I will break the bow of 'Elam, the chief
+of their strength.
+
+30 And I will bring over 'Elam the four
+winds from the four quarters of the heavens,
+and I will scatter them toward all these
+winds: and there shall not be any nation
+whither shall not come the outcasts of 'Elam.
+
+37 For I will cause 'Elam to be dismayed
+before their enemies, and before those that
+seek their life : and I will bring over them
+evil, the fierceness of my anger, saith the
+Lord; and I will send out after them the
+sword, till I have made an end of them.
+
+38 And I will set up my throne in 'Elam,
+and I will destroy thence king and princes,
+saith the Lord.
+
+39 But it shall come to pass in the latter
+days, that I will bring back again the capti-
+vity of 'Elam, saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER L.
+
+1 ^ The word that the Lord spoke con-
+cerning Babylon, concerning the land of
+the Chaldeans, by means of Jeremiah the pro-
+phet.
+
+2 Ainiounce ye among the nations, and
+publish, and lift u\) a standard ; publish, con-
+ceal not; say, Babylon is captured, Bel is put
+to shame, Merodach is broken in pieces; put
+to shame are her idols; broken in pieces are
+her images.
+
+3 For there is come up against her a na-
+tion out of the north, which will change her
+land into a desert, so that there shall not
+
+
+° Rashi, "how was the city not fortified."
+■^ Eng. ver. "wealthy nation, that dwelleth without
+care."
+
+
+JEREMIAH E.
+
+
+be any one dwelling therein : l)oth man and
+beast are fled away, they are departed.
+
+4 Tn those days, and at that time, saith
+the EoKD, shall the children of Israel come,
+they and the children of Judah together, go-
+ing and weeping shall they go, and the Eord
+their f Jod shall they seek.
+
+5 After Zion shall they ask, with their faces j
+on the Avay thitherward, (saying.) Come:
+and they will join themselves to the Eord in
+a perpetual coA'enant that shall not be for-
+gotten .
+
+6 ^ Lost sheep were my people ; their :
+shephei-ds had caused them to go astray,
+they had let them roam wildly on the moun-
+tains: from mountain to hill did they go,
+they forgot their resting-place.
+
+7 All that tbund them devoured them ; and
+their adversaries said. We offend not, because
+they have sinned against the Eord, the ha-
+bitation of righteousness, and the hope of
+their fathei's, the Eord.
+
+8 Fly away out of the midst of Babylon,
+and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans,
+and be ye as the he-goats before the flocks."
+
+9 For, lo, I will awaken and cause to come
+up against Babylon an assemblage of great
+nations from the north country; and they
+shall set themselves in battle-array against
+her; from there shall she be captured: their
+arrows are as those of a skilfuP mighty one,
+none of which ever returneth in vain.
+
+10 And Chaldea shall be given up to spoil:
+all that spoil her shall be satisfied, saith the
+Eord.
+
+11 Though ye rejoice, though ye be glad,
+0 ye plunderers of my heritage, though ye be
+groA\'n'' i'at as the heifer at grass, and neigh
+as stud-horses:
+
+12 Your mother is made greatly ashamed;
+she that Jjore you is put to the blush; l^e-
+hold, the end of nations shall be wilderness,
+dry land, and desert.
+
+lo Because of the wrath of the Eord shall
+it not be inhabited, and it shall be wholly de-
+solate: every one that passeth by Babylon
+
+
+' Eashi, "The he-goafs usually walk before the goats."
+
+' Some texts have 3Iash/ci'l, "who maketli childless,"
+but the most read 3faski7, "wise," "successful," "skil-
+ful," i. e. in the use of warlike weapons.
+
+' Philippson, "bellow like a grazing heifer." Rashi,
+"like a heifer that threshetb."
+
+^ Rashi, "Cast stones at her," because the word here is
+
+
+shall be astonished, and hiss over all her
+wounds.
+
+14 Put yourselves in battle-array against
+Ba])ylon round about, all ye that bend the
+bow, shoot at her,'' spare not the arrows ; for
+against the Eord hath she sinned.
+
+15 Shout against her round about; she
+hath stretched out' her hand: fallen are her
+foundations, thrown down are her walls; for
+it is the vengeance of the Eord; take ven-
+geance upon her; as she hath done, so do
+unto her.
+
+16 Cut off the sower from Babylon, and
+him that handleth the sickle in the time of
+harvest; because of the wasting sword shall
+they turn al)out every one to his people, and
+every one to his own land shall they flee.
+
+17 ^ A scattered lamb is Israel; the lions
+have driven him away: first the king of As-
+syria devoured him ; and this last one broke
+his bones, (even) Nebuchadrezzar the king of
+Babylon .
+
+18 Tl Therefore thus hath said the Eord
+of hosts, the God of Israel, Behold, I will in-
+flict punishment on the king of Babylon and
+on his land, as I have punished the king of
+Assyria.
+
+19 And I will bring Israel back again to
+his habitation, and he shall feed on Carmel
+and Bashan: and upon the mountain of
+Ephraim and GiFad shall his soul be satis-
+fied.
+
+20 In those days, and at that time, saith
+the Eord, shall the iniquity of Israel be
+sought for, and it shall not be there; and
+the sins of Judah, and they shall not be
+found; for I will pardon those whom I will
+leave remaining.
+
+21 ^ Against the land of twofold rebel-
+lion— even against it go thou up, and against
+the iidiabitants of the country of punish-
+ment:' lay in ruins and utterly destroy their
+offspring,*'' saith the Eord, and do in accord-
+ance with all that I have commanded thee.
+
+22 A sound of battle (is heard) in the
+land, and of great destruction.
+
+
+IT, from m', "to cast," not n", from m% "to shoot;"
+but the shooting is after all the casting forth of the pro-
+jectile by other means than the naked hand.
+
+' As token of submission, being con((uored.
+
+' Redak ; but Jonathan takes lips as a proper name,
+Pekotl, a district of (jhaldea.
+
+8 Zunz; lit. "those after them."
+
+583
+
+
+JEREMIAH L.
+
+
+23 IIow is cut asunder and broken the
+hammer" of all the earth! how is Babylon
+become an astonishment among the nations!
+
+24 1 have laid a snare for thee, and thou
+art also captured, 0 Babylon, while thou
+wast not aware : thou art found, and also
+caught, because thou hadst entered into a con-
+test against the Lord.
+
+25 The Lord hath opened his treasury,
+and hath brought forth the weapons of his
+indignation ; for it is a work for the Lord, the
+Eternal of hosts, in the land of the Chaldeans.
+
+26 Come against her from the end of the
+earth,*" open her garners; tread her down
+as sheaves of corn, and destroy her utterly :
+let there not be left of her a remnant even.
+
+27 Destroy all her bullocks; let tlieta go
+down to the slaughter: wo unto -them! for
+their day is come, the time of their visita-
+tion.
+
+28 There is the voice of those that flee
+and escape out of the land of Babylon, to tell
+in Zion the vengeance of the Lord our God,
+the vengeance for his temple.
+
+29 Call together the archers against Baby-
+lon ; all ye that Ijend the bow, encamp against
+her rouud about; let there be no escape Ibr her :
+recompense her according to her work; in
+accordance with all that she hath done, do
+unto her; for against the Lord hath she act-
+ed presumptuously, against the Holy One of
+Israel.
+
+30 Therefore shall her young men fall in
+her streets, and all her men of war shall
+perish on that day, saitli the Lord.
+
+31 ^ Behold, I am against thee, 0 pre-
+sumptuous" one ! saith the Lord, the Eternal
+of hosts ; for thy day is come, the time that
+I will visit thee (with punisliment).
+
+32 And the presumptuous shall stumble
+and fall, with none to raise him up: and I
+will kindle a lire in his cities, and it shall de-
+vour all his environs.
+
+33 Tl Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+The children of Israel and the children of
+Judah are oppressed together: and all that
+took them captive hold them fast; they re-
+fuse to dismiss them.
+
+
+" Symbolic for "destroyer," as the hammer destroys all
+by its force.
+
+' Philippson. llasbi, "from the outmost end of the
+city;" and comments, "that she may not know, and be
+suddenly taken."
+584
+
+
+34 Their Redeemer is strong; The Lord
+of hosts is his name : he will surely contend
+in their cause, in order that he may give rest
+to the land, and make the inhabitants of Ba-
+bylon tremble.*
+
+35 The sword is upon the Chaldeans, saith
+the Lord, and against the inhabitants of Ba-
+bylon, and against her princes, and against
+her wise men.
+
+36 The sword is against the lying sooth-
+sayers, and they shall be made foolish: the
+sword is against her mighty men, and they
+shall be dismayed.
+
+37 The sword is against their horses, and
+against their chariots, and against all the con-
+federates" that are in the midst of her, and
+they shall become as women: the sword is
+against her treasures, and tliey shall be plun-
+dered.
+
+38 The drought is against her waters, and
+they shall be dried up; for it is the land of
+graven images, and with their horrid idols do
+they play the madman.
+
+39 Therefore shall martens dwell (there)
+with jackals, and the ostriches shall dwell
+therein: and it shall be not inhabited any
+more for ever; and it shall not be dwelt in
+from generation to generation.
+
+40 Like the overthrow b}' God of Sodom
+and Gomorrah and their neighbours, saith
+the IjOrd, so shall no man dwell there, nor
+shall any son of man sojourn therein.
+
+4 1 Behold, a people cometh from the north,
+and a great nation, and many kings shall be
+awakened frpm the farthest ends of the
+earth.
+
+42 Bow and lance do they firmly grasp;
+they are cruel, and show not any mercy;
+their voice roareth like the sea, and upon
+horses do they ride, placed in array, like one
+man, for the battle, against thee, 0 daughter
+of Baljylon.
+
+43 The king of Babylon hath heard the
+report of them, and his hands are grown
+feeble: anguish hath taken fast hold of him,
+pangs as of a woman in travail.
+
+44 Behold, like a lion shall he come up
+from the overflow of the Jordan unto the
+
+
+° Lit. "presumption."
+
+■^ The fall of the oppressor is rest for the oppressed.
+
+" As in XXV. 23. Others, "mixed people;" but Rashi
+explains it to mean, " those on whom the Babylonians de-
+pend;" hence, "auxiliaries," or "confederates."
+
+
+JEREMIAH L. LI.
+
+
+strong habitation; for I will hasten them
+(and) make them suddenly prevail over
+her, and him who is chosen will I array
+against her; for who like me? and who will
+challenge me to battle? and who is that shep-
+herd that can stand before me?
+
+45 Therefore hear ye the counsel of the
+Lord, that he hath resolved against Babylon;
+and his purposes, that he hath devised against
+the laud of the Chaldeans: Surely the least
+of the flock shall drag them awa}^ ; surely he
+will devastate over them their habitation.
+
+46 At the noise of the conquest of Babylon
+the earth quaketh, and tlie outcry is heard
+among the nations.
+
+CHAPTER LI.
+
+1 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, I
+will awaken against Babylon, and against
+those that dwell in the midst" of my oppo-
+nents, a destroying wind ;
+
+2 And I will send out unto Babj-lon fan-
+ners, and they shall fan her. and shall empty
+out her land; for they shall be against her
+romid about on the day of trouble.
+
+3 Let the archer come against any one
+that bendeth his bow, and against him that
+lifteth himself up in his armour: and spare
+ye not her young men ; destroy ye utterly all
+her host.
+
+4 And the slain shall fall in the land of
+the Chaldeans, and they that are pierced
+through, in her streets.
+
+5 For not widowed are Israel and Judah
+of their God, of the Lord of hosts; for the
+land of those'' was filled with guiltiness
+against the Holy One of Israel.
+
+6 Flee ye out of the midst of Babylon, and
+save ye every man his life : perish not for her
+iniquity; for this is a time of vengeance unto
+the Lord ; a recompense is he paying out unto
+her.
+
+7 A golden cup hath Babylon been in the
+hand of the Lord, that made drunken all the
+earth : of her wine have nations drunk ;
+therefore are the nations rendered mad.
+
+8 Suddenly is Babylon fallen and broken :
+wail ye for her; fetch balm for her wound,
+perhaps she may be healed.
+
+
+' Heb. "heart." " The Chaldeans.
+
+° Others, "sharpen the arrows, seize on the shields."
+* Rashi, "en soi memc." Philippsou, "by his life."
+3 Y
+
+
+9 " We would have healed Babylon, but
+she was not healed: forsake her, and let us
+go every one unto his own country; for her
+punishment reacheth uuto the heavens, and
+it is lifted up even to the skies."
+
+10 The Lord hath brought forth our right-
+eousness : come, and let us relate in Zion the
+work of the Lord our God.
+
+11 Make bright the arrows; fill the (pii-
+vers:° the Lord hath awakened the spirit of
+the kings of Media; for against Babylon is
+his intention, to destroy it; because it is the
+vengeance of the Lord, the vengeance for his
+temple.
+
+12 Against the walls of Babylon lift up the
+standai'd, strengthen the watch, set up the
+watchmen, make ready the ambushes; for
+the Lord hath both intended and done what
+he had spoken against the inhabitants of Bar
+b}lon.
+
+13 0 thou that dwellest upon many wa-
+ters, great in treasures, thy end is come, the
+full measure of thy selfish robbery.
+
+14 Sworn hath the Lord of hosts by him-
+self,'' Surely I will fill thee with men, as with
+locusts: and they shall lift up the battle-cry
+against thee.
+
+15 ^ He made the earth by his power, he
+established the world by his wisdom, and by
+his understanding he stretched out the hea-
+vens.
+
+16 At the sound when he giveth a multi-
+tude of waters in the heavens, and causeth
+clouds to ascend from the ends of the earth;
+when he maketh lightnings with rain, and
+briugeth forth -the wind out of his treasures :
+
+17 Then standeth every man as brutish
+without knowledge; ashamed is every gold-
+smith because of the graven image ; for false-
+hood is his molten work, and there is no
+breath therein.
+
+18 They are vanity, the work of decep-
+tion: in the time of their punishment shall
+they vanish.
+
+19 Not like these is the portion of Jacolj;
+for He is the former of all things, and Israel
+is the tribe of his inheritance : The Lord of
+hosts is his name.
+
+20 ^[ Thou art a hammer" unto me, wea-
+
+
+' Eng. ver. "battle-axe." The prophet again addresses
+Babylon, which had been in this day the instrument of
+Gud's judgment.
+
+686
+
+
+JEREMIAH LI.
+
+
+pons of war; and I strike down with thee
+nations, and I destroy with thee kingdoms ;
+
+21 And I strike down with thee the horse
+and his rider; and I strike down with thee
+the chariot and its rider ;
+
+22 And I strike down with thee man and
+woman ; and I strike down witli thee the
+aged and the lad; and I strike down with
+thee the yonng man and the virgin ;
+
+23 And I strike down with thee the shep-
+herd and his tlock ; and I strike down with
+thee the hnsbandman and his yoke of oxen ;
+and I strike down with thee governers and
+rulers.
+
+24 But (now) will I repay unto Bab) Ion
+and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their
+evil that they have done in Zion before your
+eyes, saith the Lord.
+
+25 ^[ Behold, I am against thee, 0 destroy-
+ing mountain, saith the Lokd, which destroy-
+est all the earth ; and I will stretch out my
+hand over thee, and I will roll thee down
+from the rocks, and will render thee a burnt
+mountain.
+
+26 And they shall not take from thee a
+stone for a corner, nor a stone lor foundations;
+but everlasting ruins shalt thou be, saith the
+Lord.
+
+27 Lift ye up a standard in the land, blow
+ye the cornet among the nations, make ready
+against her nations, call together against her
+the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashke-
+naz ; appoint against her a commander ;
+cause the horses to come up like the hairy
+locusts.
+
+28 Make ready against her the nations
+with the kings of Media, its governors, and
+all its rulers, and all the land of their domi-
+nion.
+
+29 And the earth quaketh and trembleth;
+for every one of the purposes of the Lord is
+fulfilled against Babylon, to change the land of
+Babylon into a desolate country without an
+inhabitant.
+
+30 The mighty men of Babylon have
+ceased to fight, they sit still in (their) strong-
+holds ; their might is vanished ; they are be-
+come as women : they have burnt her dwell-
+ing-places ; her bars are broken.
+
+
+' "The canes that grow in the Euphrates, which made
+the approach to the city difficult on the river side." —
+I'uil.U'l'.soN llubbi Jonah, "the forts," from an Arabic
+root
+
+680
+
+
+31 One runner shall run to meet another
+runner, and one messenger to meet another
+messenger, to tell unto the king of Babylon
+that his city is captured at all ends,
+
+32 And that the passages have been seized,
+and that they have burnt the reeds" with fire,
+and that the men of war are aflVighted.
+
+, 33 ^ For thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+the God of Israel, The daughter of Babylon is
+like a threshing-floor, at the time'' they thresh
+therein ; but yet a little while more, when
+the time of harvest shall come for her.
+
+34 " Nelnichadrezzar the king of Babylon
+devoured me, he crushed me, he set me down
+as an empty vessel, he swallowed me up like
+a huge serpent, he filled his belly with my
+delicacies: he drove me out.
+
+35 The violence done to me and to my
+flesh be upon Babylon," will the inhabitress
+of Zion say; and "My blood be upon the in-
+habitants of Chaldea," will Jerusalem say.
+
+36 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord,
+Behold, I will contend in thy cause, and exe-
+cute vengeance for thee ; and I will dry up
+her sea, and cause her springs to fail.
+
+37 And Babylon shall become ruinous
+heaps, a dwelling-place for monsters, an as-
+tonishment, and a derision, without an inhar
+bitant.
+
+38 Together like lions shall they roar :
+they shall yell like the lions' whelps.
+
+39 When they are heated will I prepare
+their drinking-feasts, and I will make them
+drunken, in order that they may be joyful,
+and (then) sleep a perpetual sleep, and not
+awake again, saith the Lord.
+
+40 I will bring them down like lambs to
+the slaughter, like wethers with he-goats.
+
+41 How is Sheshach captured! and how
+is conquered the praise of the whole earth !
+how is Babylon become an astonishment
+among the nations !
+
+42 The sea is come up over Babylon : with
+the multitude of its waves is she covered.
+
+43 Her cities are become desolate places, a
+dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein
+not any man shall dwell, and through which
+no son of man shall pass along.
+
+44 And I will inflict punishment on Bel in
+
+
+'' Rashi, "She is now full as the threshing-tinor is at
+threshing time, when it is full of wheat; but yet a little
+while more shall elapse when she shall be empty as the
+floor is empty at the commencement of harvest."
+
+
+JEREMIAH LI.
+
+
+Babylon, and I will bring forth what he hath j
+swallowed up out of his mouth ; and nations I
+shall not assemble together like a stream unto
+him any more : yea, the wall of Babylon also
+is fallen.
+
+45 Go ye out of the midst of her, my peo-
+ple, and save ye every man his life from the
+fierceness of the anger of the Lord.
+
+46 And so that your heart may not faint,"
+and ye fear at the i-eport that is heard in the
+land : when the report cometh in one year,
+and after that in another year cometh an-
+other report, and when violence (be done) in
+the land, (by) ruler against ruler.
+
+47 Therefore, behold, days are coming,
+when I will inflict punishment on the graven
+images of Babylon, and her whole land shall
+Ije put to shame, and all her slain shall fall
+in the midst of her.
+
+48 And then shall the heaven and the
+earth, and all that is therein, sing because of
+Babylon ; for from the north shall come
+unto her the destroyers, saith the Lord.
+
+49 Also Babylon is destined'' to fall, 0 ye
+slain ones of Israel, also at Babylon fall the
+slain of all the land.
+
+50 (But) ye that have escaped the sword,
+go away, stand not still: remember afar off
+the Lord, and let Jerusalem rise up in your
+heart.
+
+51 " We had been made ashamed, because
+we had heard reproach: confusion had cover-
+ed our faces; because strangers were come
+into the sanctuaries of the Lord's hou.se."
+
+52 ^ Therefore, behold, days ai-e coming,
+saith the Lord, when I will inflict punish-
+ment on her graven images: and through all
+her land shall groan the deadly wounded.
+
+53 Though Babylon should mount up to
+heaven, and though she should fortity the
+height of her strength : yet from me should
+destroyers come unto her, saith the Lord.
+
+54 A sound of a painful cry cometh from
+Babylon, and of a great breach from the land
+of the Chaldeans ;
+
+
+• The Israelites should not dread leaving the doomed
+land of Babylon, though evil reports of expected danger
+should meet them, and though their rulers should change
+constantly. (See Ezra and Nehomiali.)
+
+" Philippson; but Rashi, "As in Babylon the slain of
+Israel had to fall, so shall fall in Babylon the slain of all
+her land."
+
+° Piedak, " he destroyeth from out of her the loud noise
+of the great multitude of people, which was like the roar-
+
+
+55 Because the Lord wasteth Babylon,
+and destroyeth out of her the loud noise;
+but" their waves roar like great waters, the
+noise of their voice is sent forth ;*
+
+56 Because the destroyer is come over-
+her, over Babylon, and her mighty men are
+caught, every one of their bows is broken;
+for the God of recompenses, the Lord, will
+surely requite.
+
+57 And I will make drunken her princes,
+and her wise men, her governors, and her
+rulers, and her mighty men: and they shall
+sleep a perpetual sleep, and not awake again,
+saith the King, The Lord of hosts is his name.
+
+58 T[ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+Every one of the broad walls of Babylon
+shall be utterly overthrown, and her high
+gates shall be burnt with fire : so that nations
+shall have' laboured in vain, and the people
+for the fire, and so shall they have wearied
+themselves.
+
+59 T[ The word which Jeremiah the pro-
+phet commanded Serayah the son of Neriyah,
+the son of Machseyah, when he wont with
+Zedekiah the king of Judah unto Babylon in
+the fourth year of his reign. And this Se-
+rayah was chief chamberlain.
+
+60 And Jeremiah wrote down all the evil
+that should come upon Babylon in one book,
+namely, all these words that are written con-
+cerning Babylon.
+
+61 And Jeremiah said to Serayah, As thou
+comest to Babylon, see to it, that thou read
+all these words ;
+
+62 And thou shalt say, 0 Lord, thou thy-
+self hast spoken concerning this j^lace, to cut
+it oft", so that there shall not be in it an inha-
+bitant, either man or beast; but that it shall
+become a desolate place for ever.
+
+63 And it shall be, when thou hast finish-
+ed reading this book, that thou shalt bind a
+stone to it, and throw it into the midst of
+the Euphrates;
+
+64 And thou shalt say, Thus shall Baby-
+lon sink, and shall not rise again from the
+
+
+ing of the waves of the sea, when they give forth their
+noise." Others understand " their waves" to refer to the
+waving masses of the approaching enemies of Babylon.
+
+'' Rashi. Lit. "given."
+
+" i. e. The building of Babylon shall have been in vain,
+as the structures were to be burnt with fire; wherefore
+the weariness incurred in building it will have been quite
+useless. This prophecy has been singularly fulfilled in
+the utter destruction of Babylon and the country around.
+
+5S7
+
+
+JEREMIAH Li. Ltl.
+
+
+evil that I will bring upon her : and her
+people" shall be wearied. Thus far are the
+words of Jeremiah.
+
+CHAPTER LH.
+
+1 T[ One and twenty years was Zedekiah
+old when he became king, and eleven years
+did he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was Chamutal the daughter of Jeremiah
+of Libnah.
+
+2 And he did what is evil in the eyes of j
+the Lord, in accordance with all that Jehoya^
+kirn had done.
+
+3 For through the anger of the Lord it
+came to pass against Jerusalem and Judah,
+till he had cast them out from his presence,
+that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of
+Babylon.
+
+4 T[ And it came to pass in the ninth year
+of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth
+day of the month, that l*febucliadrezzar the
+king of Babylon came, he and all his army,
+against Je'rusalem, and they encamped
+against it, and built against it works of
+attack round about.
+
+5 So the city was placed in a state of siege
+until the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.
+
+G And in the fourth month, on the ninth
+day of the month, when the famine was severe
+in the city, so that there was no bread for the
+people of the land :
+
+7 The city was broken in, and all the men
+of war fled, and went forth out of the city by
+night by the way of the gate between the two
+walls, which was near the king's garden;
+(while the Chaldeans were round about the
+city;) and they went by the way of the
+plain.
+
+8 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued
+after the king, and they overtook Zedekiah
+in the plains of Jericho: and all his army
+was scattered from him.
+
+9 And they caught the king, and they
+Ijrought him up unto the king of Babylon to
+Riblah in the land of Chamath: and he called
+him to account.
+
+10 And the king of Babylon slaughtered
+
+
+* Redak; i. e. they shall not be able to contend against
+their opponents.
+
+" Lit. "stood."
+
+° The Rabbins take this to mean either the synagogues,
+where prayers were offered, or the schools where the law
+was taught.
+688
+
+
+the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes : and
+also all the princes of Judah did he slaughter
+in Riblah.
+
+11 And the eyes of Zedekiah did he blind;
+and the king of Babylon l)ound him with
+brazen fetters, and carried him to Babylon,
+and put him in the ward-house till the day of
+his death.
+
+12 ^ And in the fifth month, on the tenth
+day of the month, which was the nineteenth
+year of king Nebuchadrezzar the king of Ba-
+bylon, came Nebuzaradan, the captain of the
+guard, (who) served'' the king of Babylon,
+unto Jerusalem.
+
+13 And he burnt the house of the Lord,
+and the king's house : and all the houses of
+Jerusalem, and all the houses of the great"
+men, did he burn with fire :
+
+14 And all the walls of Jerusalem round
+about did all the army of the Chaldeans, that
+were with the captain of the guard, pull
+down.
+
+15 And certain of the poorest of the people,
+and the residue of the people that had been
+left in the city, and the deserters, that had
+run away to the king of Babylon, and the
+rest of the multitude, did Nebuzaradan the
+captain of the guard carry away into exile.
+
+16 But certain of the poorest of the land
+did Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard
+leave for vine-dressers and for husbandmen.
+
+17 Also the pillars of copper that were in
+the house of tlie Lord, and the bases, and the
+copper sea that was in the house of the Lord,
+did the Chaldeans break, and they carried off
+all their copper to Babylon.
+
+18 And the pots, and the shovels, and the
+knives, and the bowls, and the spoons, and
+all the vessels of copper wherewith they used
+to perform the service, did they take away.
+
+19 And the basins, and the censers, and
+the bowls, and the pots, and the candlesticks,
+and the spoons, and the purifying-tubes:'' of
+what was of gold the gold," find of what was
+of silver the silver, did the captain of the
+guard take away.
+
+20 The two pillars, the one sea, and the
+
+* L e. For the table of show-bread, which were placed
+between the bread to let the air have a free passage
+through them. (Sec note to Esod. xxv. 29.)
+
+° Zunz. Philippson, simply, "both those of gold as
+also those of silver." While the copper vessels were
+broken up, these were carried away entire.
+
+
+JEREMIAH LII.
+
+
+twelve copper oxen that, served instead" of
+the bases, which king Solomon had made foi*
+the house of the Lord : the copper of all these
+vessels could not be weighed.''
+
+21 And as regardeth the pillars, eighteen
+cubits was the height of each one pillar ; and
+a thread of twelve cubits would compass it ;
+and its thickness was four fingers : it was
+hollow.
+
+22 And a capital was upon it of copper;
+and the height of the one capital was five''
+cubits, with network and pomegranates upon
+the capital I'ound about, all of copper. And
+the like was the case with the second pillar
+and the pomegranates.
+
+23 And the pomegranates were ninety'*
+and six on every side : all the pomegranates
+upon the network w^ere one hundred round
+about.
+
+24 And the captain of the guard took Se-
+rayah the chief priest, and Zephanyah the
+priest second in rank," and the three door-
+keepers ;
+
+25 And out of the city he took a certain
+court-officer, who had the supervision of the
+men of war ; and seven men of those that
+had free access to the king's presence/ who
+were found in the city ; and the scribe of the
+chief of the army, who ordered to the armj'
+the people of the land ; and sixty men of the
+people of the land, that were found in the
+midst of the city ;
+
+26 And Nebuzaradan the captain of the
+guard took them, and led them away unto the
+king of Babylon to Riblah.
+
+
+° I. c. Which oxen served for the sea as so many bases
+of a simpler form. Rashi, "which were near the bases,"
+?■. r. of the hxvers. Zunz, literally, "under the bases,"
+which cannot be well understood.
+
+'' Ilyperbolically, so much that no one could readily
+undertake the task.
+
+" The height is given at iJure cubits in 1 Kings vii. 16,
+which is explained, that the capital consisted of two parts,
+
+
+27 And the king of Babylon smote them,
+and put them to death in Riblah in the land
+of Chamath. Thus Judah was carried away
+into exile out of his own country.
+
+28 This is the people wdiom Nebuchadrez-
+zar carried away into exile : in the seventh
+year, three thousand and twenty and tiiree
+Jews ;
+
+29 In the eighteenth year of Ne])uchadrez-
+zar from Jerusalem, eight hundred thirty and
+two persons ;
+
+30 In the three and twentieth year of Ne-
+buchadrezzar, did Nebuzaradan tlie captain
+of the guard carry away into exile of the
+Jews seven hundred forty and five persons;
+all the persons were four thousand and six
+hundred.
+
+31 ^[ And it came to pass in the seven
+and thirtieth year of the exile of Jehoyachin
+the king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on
+the five and twentieth day of the month, that
+Evil-merodach the king of Babylon in the
+(first) year of his reign lifted up the head of
+Jehoyachin the king of Judah, and brought
+him forth out of the prison-liouse ;
+
+32 And he spoke kindly with him, and set
+his throne above the throne of the kings that
+were with him in Babylon,
+
+33 And he changed his prison-garments:
+and he ate bread before him continually all
+the days of his life.
+
+34 And his allowance was a continual
+allowance given him by the king, the neces-
+sary ration for the day on its day, until the
+day of his death, all the days of his life.
+
+the lower, plain, of three cubits, and the upper of two cu-
+bits, ornamented.
+
+^ Rashi explains this, that but ninety- sis could be
+seen at a view, the other four being hidden by intervening
+objects.
+
+" Philippson, "the vice-high-priest," or the one who
+officiated when the other was disabled.
+
+
+' Lit. "who see the king's face."
+
+
+589
+
+
+THE BOOK OF EZEKIEL,'
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass in the thirtieth''
+year, in the fourth month, on the fifth day
+of the month, as I was in the midst of the
+exiles by the river Kebar, tliat the lieavens
+were opened, and I saw divine" visions.
+
+2 On the fifth day of the month, which
+was the fifth year of the exile of king Jeho-
+yachin,
+
+3 Came the wox'd of the Lord expressly
+unto Ezekiel the son of Buzi, the priest, in
+the laud of the Chaldeans by the river Ke-
+bar; and there came upon him there the in-
+spiration'* of the Lord.
+
+4 And I saw, and behold, a storm-wind
+came out of the north, a great cloud, and a
+flaming" fire, and a brightness was on it round
+about; and out of the midst of it was like the
+glitter of amber, "^ out of the midst of the fire.
+
+5 And out of the midst thereof (I saw) the
+likeness of four living creatures. And this
+was their appearance : They had the likeness
+of a man.
+
+G And every one had four faces, and every
+one of them had four wings.
+
+7 And their feet were straight feet; and
+the sole of their feet was like the sole of a
+calf's" foot : and they sparkled like the
+glitter of burnished copper.
+
+8 And hands of man (were visible) from
+beneath their wings on their four sides: and
+their faces and their wings (were alike) on all
+these four.
+
+
+" Correctly, Yecheskd.
+
+'' Some suppose this tkirhflh to be the jear of the jubi-
+lee; others, the thirtieth year of the prophet's life.
+
+'' Redak, " great visions, as it is customary in Scripture,
+when eudeavouring to express the greatness of a thing,
+til join it to the word God."
+
+''Jonathan. Lit. "hand;" meaning, the resistless
+^trength of the divine prophecy, which overpowered him.
+
+'■ Jonathan. (See Exod. ix. "24.) Zunz, "spreading
+aliiiut." IMiilippson, "swelling."
+
+' The word Sdkti is of uncertain signification. Zunz,
+"gold ore." Others leave it untranslated, " Chashmal."
+590
+
+
+9 Their wings were joined one to the
+other: they turned not about in their going;
+they went every one in the direction of one
+oftheir faces.*"
+
+10 And the likeness of their ftices was the
+face of a man; and the face of a lion, on the
+right side for all four of them; and the face
+of an ox on the left side for all four of them;
+and the face of an ea^le for all foiu' of them.
+
+O
+
+11 Thus were their faces: and their wings
+were spread out" upward; everyone bad two
+joined one to another, and two covered their
+Ijodies.
+
+12 And they went every one in the direc-
+tion of one of his faces : whither the spirit''
+was directed to go, they Avent; they turned
+not about in their going.
+
+13 As for the likeness of the living crea-
+tures, their appearance was like coals of fire,
+burning as with the appearance of torches ;
+this (fire) it was which passed along between
+the living creatures : and a brightness was
+about the fire, and out of the fire went forth
+lightning.
+
+14 And the living creatures ran backward
+and forward like the appearance of a flash of
+lightning.
+
+15 And I looked on the living creatures,
+and, behold, there was one wheel' iqjon the
+earth close by the living creatures, by their
+four front faces.""
+
+IG The appearance of the wheels and their
+work was like the colour of a chrysolite;
+and all four had one likeness: and their aj)-
+
+* Jonathan, "round foot;" taking Sj;' not fur "calf,"
+'Egd, but "round," 'A'jol
+
+^ llaslii. Lit. "to the side of his face."
+
+' Jonathan. Redak, "separated from the body and
+spread out above to fly."
+
+" Rashi, "the will."
+
+' Rashi, "At the four faces of each (Jlmij^ali ; or the
+Oplian had four face.'*." Zunz, "according to their tour
+faces."
+
+° Like Cytiis/iinii/ nhovti, so is Opium here left untrans-
+lated in several versions, as denoting an order of angelsj
+in X. 13 the Ophan is called also (johjul.
+
+
+EZEKIEL I. II.
+
+
+peurance and their work was as though it
+were a wheel in the middle of a wheel.*
+
+17 Toward their four sides the>^ weut in
+their going: they turned not round in their
+"oin"'.
+
+18 As for their circumferences, they were
+so high that they excited fear: and their
+felloes were full of eyes round about on all
+these four.
+
+19 And when the living creatures went,
+the wheels went near to them : and when
+the living creatures lifted themselves u])
+from the earth, the wheels lifted themselves
+
+20 Whithersoever the spirit was to go,
+they went ; (for) thither was (their) spirit
+to go : and the wheels lifted themselves up
+at the same^ time with them ; for the spirit
+of the living creatures was in the wheels.
+
+21 When those went, these went; and
+when those stood, these stood ; and when
+those lifted themselves up from the earth,
+the wheels lifted themselves up at the same
+time with them ; for the spirit of the living
+creatures was in the wheels.
+
+22 And the likeness of a vault" was over
+the head of the living creatures, (shining)
+like the glitter of the purest crystal,'' stretch-
+ed forth over their heads above.
+
+23 And under the vault their wings were
+straight, the one toward the other : every
+one had two, which covered them, and every
+one had two, which covered them, — (namely.)
+their bodies.
+
+24 And I heard the sound of their wings,
+like the sound of great waters, as the voice*
+of the Almighty, when they went, the sound of
+(their) speech, as the noise of an army: when
+they stood still, they let down their wings.^
+
+25 And there was a voice from the vault
+that was over their head : when they stood
+still, they let down their wings.
+
+26 And above the vault that was over
+their head was like the appearance of a sap-
+phire-stone, the likeness of a throne : and
+upon the likeness of the throne was a like-
+
+
+' As though two wheels intersected each other, so that
+the Ophauira might move in either direction without turn-
+ing as the Cherubim at first described, by means of their
+four foces. '' Zunz.
+
+° Zunz. Lit. "an expansion."
+
+^ Lit. "fearful ice;" and so Jonathan and Eashi. But
+Kedak, "terrific in its whiteness and shining."
+
+
+ness as the appearance of a man above up-
+on it.
+
+27 And I saw as if it were the glitter of am-
+ber, as the appearance of fire within it round
+about, from the appearance of his loins up-
+ward; and from tlie appearance of his loins
+downward, I saw as it were the appearance
+of fire, and it had brightness round about.
+
+28 Like tlie apjjearance of the bow that is
+in the cloud on the day of rain, so was the
+appearance of the brightness round about:
+this was the appearance of the likeness of the
+glory of the Lokd. And when I saw it, I fell
+upon my face, and I heard the voice of one
+that spoke.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^f And he said unto me, Son of man,
+stand up upon thy feet, and I will speak with
+thee.
+
+2 And a spirit entered into me as he spoke
+unto me, and it [)hiced me upon my feet, and
+I heard him that spoke unto me.
+
+3 T[ And he said unto me, Son of man, I
+send thee to the children of Israel, to rebel-
+lious tribes'^ that have rebelled against me :
+they and their fathers have transgressed
+against me, even until this very day.
+
+4 And the children are impudent of face,
+and obdurate of heart: I send thee unto
+them; and thou shalt say unto them, Thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal.
+
+5 And they, whetlier the}- will hear, or
+whether they will forbear, (for they are a
+rebellious family.) shall yet know that a pro-
+phet hath been among them.
+
+G And thou, son of man, — thou shalt not
+be afraid of them, and of their words thou
+shalt have no fear, though they be bi'iers
+and thorns with thee, and thou dost dwell
+among scorpions :'' of their words be not
+afraid, and at their presence be not dis-
+mayed ; for they are a rebellious family.
+
+7 And thou shalt speak my words unto
+them, whether they will hear, or whether
+they will forbear; for they are rebellious.
+
+
+° Zunz, "thunder."
+
+' /. e. Those which they used when flying, the other
+two remaining extended under the vault, or canopy, over
+their heads.
+
+s Rashi.
+
+*■ Jonathan, "scorpions" proper; Rashi gives one ver-
+sion as "the wild rose-bush," v.hich has sharp thorns.
+
+m
+
+
+EZEKIEL II. III.
+
+
+8 ^[ But thou, son of man, liear what I
+am speaking unto thee, Be not thou rebel-
+lious like this rebellious family: open thy
+mouth, and eatwhat I give unto thee.
+
+9 And then I looked, and behold, a hand
+was stretched out toward me ; and, lo, a roll-
+book was therein ;
+
+10 And he spread it out before me ; and it
+was written within and without :" and there
+were written therein lamentations, and dirges,
+and wo.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ^ And he said unto me, Son of man, eat
+wliat thou findest : cat this roll, and go, speak
+unto the house of Israel.
+
+2 So I opened my mouth, and he caused
+me to eat this roll.
+
+3 And he said unto me. Sou of man, feed
+thy belly, and fill thy bowels with this roll
+tliat I am giving unto thee. And I ate it;
+and it was in my mouth like honey in sweet-
+ness.
+
+4 ^ And he said unto me. Son of man, go,
+get thee unto the house of Israel, and speak
+with my words unto them.
+
+5 For not to a people of an obscure speech
+and of a difficult tongue art thou sent, but to
+the house of Israel ;
+
+6 Not to many people of an obscure speech
+and of a difficult tongue, whose words thou
+canst not understand. Surely, had I sent
+thee to them, they would truly have heark-
+ened unto thee.
+
+7 But the house of Israel will not hearken
+luito thee ; for they will not hearken unto
+me; for all the house of Israel have a bold
+forehead, and a liard heart.
+
+8 Behold, I have made thy face strong
+against their face, and thy forehead strong
+against their forehead.
+
+9 As an adamant harder than flint have I
+made tliy forehead : thou shalt not fear them,
+nor shalt thou be dismayed at their presence,
+though they be a rebellious fixmily.
+
+10 TJ And he said unto me, Son of man,
+all my words that I will speak unto thee re-
+ceive in thy heart, and hear (them) with thy
+ears.
+
+11 And go, get thee to those in exile, unto
+
+
+" Contrary tci the state of rull.s iu general, wliicli arc
+written on the inside only.
+002
+
+
+the children of thy people, and speak unto
+them, and say unto them, Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal: whether they will hear, or
+whether they will forbear.
+
+12 Then a spirit took me up, and I heard
+Ijehind me a voice of a great rushing,'' (say-
+ing,) Blessed be the glory of the Lord from
+his i^lace."
+
+13 (I heard) also the sound of the wings
+of the living creatures that touched one an-
+other, and the sound of the wheels at the
+same time with them, and the sound of a
+great rushing.
+
+14 So a spirit lifted me up, and took me
+away, and I walked in bitterness, in the heat
+of my spirit, and the inspiration of the Lord
+was strong upon me.
+
+15 Then came I to the exiles at Tel-al^ib,
+who dwelt by the river Kebar, and I remain-
+ed where they dwelt, and I remained thei'e in
+a state of confusion aniong them seven days.
+
+10 ^ And it came to pass at the end of
+seven days,
+
+^ That the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+17 Son of man, I have made thee a watch-
+man unto the house of Israel : and thou shalt
+hear the word out of my mouth, and give
+them warning from me.
+
+18 When I say unto the wicked, Thou
+shalt surely die; and thou dost not give him
+warning, and speakest not to warn the wicked
+from his wicked way, to save his life : the
+same wicked man shall die through his ini-
+quity; but his blood will I require at thy
+hand.
+
+19 But thou, — if thou hast warned the
+wicked, and he turn not from his wickedness,
+nor from his wicked way: he shall indeed die
+in his iniquity; but thou hast surely delivered
+thy soul.
+
+20 ][ x\gain. When a righteous man do
+turn from his righteousness, and do what is
+wrong: then will I lay a stumbling-l^lock be-
+fore him, (so that) he shall die; yet if thou
+hast not given him warning, he shall die in
+his sin, and his acts of righteousness which
+he hath done shall not be remembered; but
+his blood will I require from thy hand.
+
+21 But if thou hast truly warned him, —
+
+'' Znnz, "earthquake."
+
+° i. c. Everywhere, God's place, the universe.
+
+
+i>;lij A.H.
+
+
+EZEKIEL III. IV.
+
+
+the righteous, that the righteous should not
+fiiii, and he doth not sin: he shall surely live,
+Ijecause he attended to the warning, and thou
+hast surely delivered thy own soul.
+
+22 ^ And the inspiration of the Lord came
+there over me; and he said unto me, Arise,
+go forth into the valley, and there will I
+sjieak with thee.
+
+23 And I arose, and went forth into the
+valley; and, behold, there was the glory of
+the Lord standing, like that glory which I
+had seen by the river Kebar : and I fell down
+on my face.
+
+24 Then entered a spirit into me, and
+placed me upright on my feet, and spoke
+with me, and said unto me. Go, shut thyself
+up" within thy house.
+
+25 But thou, 0 son of man, behold, they
+put ropes^' upon thee, and bind thee with
+them, that thou canst not go out among them :
+
+20 And I will let thy tongue cleave to the
+roof of thy mouth, that thou shalt be duml:),
+and shalt not become to them a man who re-
+provetli; for they are a rebellious iamily."
+
+27 But when I speak with thee, I will
+open thy moutli, and thou shalt say unto
+them. Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, He
+that heareth, let him hear; and he that for-
+l)eareth, let him forbear; for they are a rebel-
+
+
+lious family.
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+1 ^ But thou, 0 son of num, take thyself
+a tile, and lay it before thee, and engrave
+upon it a city, (namely,) Jerusalem :
+
+2 And place around it a siege, and build
+works of attack'^ against it, and cast up a
+mound against it; and arrange around it en-
+campments, and place against it Ijattering
+rams" round about.
+
+3 Moreover take thou unto thyself an iron
+pan, and set it up as a wall of iron between
+
+
+° Rashi, "to show them that they are not worthy to bo
+reproved."
+
+'' Rashi, "be confined to thy house as though thou wert
+bound with ropes." Philippson, " the people prevent the
+prophet, binding him as it were, that he cannot go out and
+come among them to preach to them. So was Jeremiah
+prevented from coming into the temple; wherefore he had
+to send Baruch." (Jer. xxxvi. 5.)
+
+° Lit. "house." — Now, as the people will not listen, so
+will the Lord not permit his messenger to speak, till
+such a time that a better effect can be produced.
+
+'' Rashi takes pn to be an instrument to throw stones
+' 3Z
+
+
+thee' and the city : and direct thy face against
+it, that it may be placed in a state of siege,
+and lay siege against it. This shall be a sign
+for the house of Israel.
+
+4 ^ And as for thyself, lie upon thy left
+side, and lay the iniquity of the hou.se of Is-
+rael upon it: (after) the number of the days
+that thou shalt lie upon it shalt thou bear
+their iniquity.
+
+5 But as tor myself, I lay upon thee the
+years of their iniquity, after the number of
+the days, three hundred and ninety days : so
+shalt thou bear the iniquity of the house of
+Israel.
+
+6 And when thou hast made an end of
+them, thou shalt lie on thy right side, the
+second time, and thou shalt bear the inic^uity
+of the house of Judah forty days : a day each
+for a year, a day for a year do I lay it on
+thee.
+
+7 And toward the siege of Jerusalem shalt
+thou direct thy face with thy arm uncovered,
+and thou shalt prophesy against it.
+
+8 And, behold, I will lay I'opes upon thee,
+that thou mayest not turn thyself from one
+side to the other, till thou hast made an end
+of the days of thy siege.
+
+9 But thou take unto thee wheat, and bar-
+ley, and beans, and lentiles, and millet, and
+spelt, and put them in one vessel, and make
+thyself bread thereof, (after) the number of
+the days that thou shalt lie upon thy side,
+three hundred and ninety da}'s, shalt thou
+eat it.
+
+10 And thy food which thou, shalt eat
+shall be by weight, twenty shekels for every
+day : from one time to the other^ time shalt
+thou eat it.
+
+11 And water shalt thou drink by mcii-
+sure, the sixth part of a hin : from one time
+to the other time shalt thou drink (it).
+
+12 And in form of a barley-cake shalt thou
+
+
+into the besieged city; Redak, as "wooden towers," which
+were pushed gradually against the walls for attack ; hence
+we have given it simply to express both opinions.
+
+° Rashi explains D'13 to bo "chiefs of the division.s,"
+each of whom watches his part of the besieged place.
+
+' Rashi comments, "like the city wall which separates
+between the city and the hostile army." But Redak makes
+it emblematic of the sins of Israel, which separated them
+from their God.
+
+« Rashi, "from day to day shalt thou cat this — drink
+this," emblematic of a rigorous siege, where food and
+drink are closely calculated before being given out.
+
+598
+
+
+EZEKIEL IV. V.
+
+
+eat it, and this slialt thou bake with balls of
+human excrement before their eyes.
+
+13 T[ And the Lord said, Even thus shall
+the children of Israel eat their liread unclean
+among the nations whither I will drive tliem.
+
+14 Then said I, Ah Lord Eternal! behold,
+my soul hath not been defiled; and that
+which dieth of itself, or is torn in pietes, have
+I never eaten from my youth up even until
+now ; and never is flesh of abomination come
+into my mouth.
+
+15 i[ Then said he unto me, Lo, I have
+given thee cow's dung instead of human ex-
+'orement; and thou shalt prepare thy bread
+tliereupon.
+
+16 ^ And he said unto me, Son of man,
+behold, I will break the staff of bread in Jeru-
+salem; and they shall eat bread by weight,
+and with anxious care; and they shall drink
+■water by measure, and in confusion ;
+
+17 In order that they may want bread and
+water, and be confounded one with the other,
+and pine away for their iniquity.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ And thou, son of man, take unto thy-
+self a sharp sword, a barber's razor slialt thou
+take for it' unto thyself, and cause it to pass
+over thy head and over thy beard: then take
+unto thee balances for weighing, and divide
+the hair.
+
+2 One third part shalt thou burn with fire
+in the midst of the citj^, when the days of the
+siege are completed ; and thou shalt take an-
+other third part, and smite (it) round about
+it with the sword; and the otlier thii-d part
+shalt thou scatter to the wind : and I will
+draw nut a sword after the same.
+
+3 And take thence a few in number, and
+tie them up in the corners of thy garment.
+
+4 And from these again shalt thou take
+some, and cast them into the midst of the
+fire, and burn them in the fire : therefrom
+shall a fire go forth unto all the house of Is-
+rael.
+
+5 ][ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+
+
+* Meaning, the sword shall be represented by a razor.
+
+'' Ilashi, "she e.Kohaugcd my ordinances for greater
+wiekedness than," &c. (See 2 ('hrou. xxxii. 2-9.)
+
+° Raslii; but Menacbem, "ye make more noise," i. c.
+exceed thcui in deoils of ini([uity.
+
+'' Zun/,, "I will withdraw my eye, that it shall not look
+pityingly."
+594
+
+
+This is Jerusalem, which I had set it in the
+midst of the nations and countries that are
+round about her.
+
+6 But she rebelled'' against my ordinances
+more wickedly than the nations, and against
+my statutes, more than the countries that are
+round about her; for my ordinances they
+have despised, and as for my statutes, they
+have not walked in them.
+
+7 ^[ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Because ye have given" yourselves
+up to evil more than the nations that are
+round about you, have not walked in my star
+tutes. and have not executed my ordinances,
+and not even acted according to the ordi-
+nances of the nations that are round about
+you :
+
+8 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I, also I am against thee,
+and I will execute judgments in the midst of
+thee before the eyes of the nations.
+
+9 And I will do in thee that M'hich I have
+never done, and the like of which I will never
+do anymore, because of all thy abominations.
+
+10 ^ Therefore fathers shall devour trieir
+children in the midst of thee, and children
+shall devour their fathers: and I will execute
+judgments on thee, and I will scatter all thy
+remnant unto all the winds.
+
+11 Therefore, as I live, saith the Lord
+Eternal, Surely, because thou hast made un-
+clean my sanctuary with all thy detestable
+things, and with all thy abominations: there-
+fore will I also diminish'' (thee); and my eye
+shall not show pity, and I also will not spare.
+
+12 A third part of thee .shall die thi-ough
+the pestilence, and come through fantine to
+their end in the midst of thee ; and another
+third part shall fall by the sword round about
+thee; and the other third part will 1 scatter
+unto all the winds, and a sword will I draw
+out after them.
+
+13 Thus shall my anger be accomplished,
+and I will cause my fury to rest upon them,
+and I will satisfy myself:" and they shall
+know*^ that I the Lord have spoken it in my
+
+" Rashi, after JonatLau, "when I have taken vengeance
+on them, then shall my fury be allayed, and I will be-
+think myself of the affliction which I have bestowed on
+them." But the next verse will require the translation
+here given.
+
+' The accomplishment of the evil will prove that it was
+the truth from God which the prophet spoke,
+
+
+EZEKIEL V. VI.
+
+
+zeal, wIr'II I liavt' let out all iiiy fury on
+them.
+
+14 Yea, I will render thee a ruin, and a
+disgrace among the nations that are round
+about thee, before the eyes of every one that
+passeth by.
+
+15 And she shall be a disgrace and a taunt,
+a warning and an astonishment unto the na-
+tions that are round about thee," when I
+execute judgments on thee in anger and in
+fury and in furious chastisements, — I the
+Lord have spoken it, —
+
+IG When I send out among them the
+dreadful arrows of famine, which (ever) were
+the cause of destruction, which I will send
+out to destroy you ; and 1 will increase the
+famine upon you, and will bi'eak unto you
+the staff of bread :
+
+17 So will I let loose over*" you famine
+and wild beasts, and they shall make thee
+childless; and pestilence and blood shall pass
+through thee; and the sword will I bring
+over thee. I the Lord have spoken it.
+
+CHAPTER VL
+
+1 T[ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, set thy face against the
+mountains of Israel, and prophesy against
+them,
+
+3 And thou shalt say, 0 mountains of Is-
+rael, hear ye the word of the Lord Eternal!
+Thus hath said the Lord Eternal to the moun-
+tains, and to the hills, to the brooks," and to
+the valleys. Behold, I, even I, will bring over
+you the sword, and I will destroy your high-
+places.
+
+4 And your altars shall be made desolate,
+and your sun-images shall be broken : and I
+will cause your slain ones to fall before your
+idols.
+
+■5 And I will lay the carcasses of the chil-
+dren of Israel before their idols; and I will
+scatter your bones round about your altars.
+
+0 In all your dwelling-places the cities
+shall be laid in ruins, and the high-places
+
+* Redak, "so is the custom of Scripture to speak of
+the third ^nd to the second person together.
+
+^ See Levit. xxvi. 6, 25, 20.
+
+° Zunz, "gullies," the vmdyx of Palestine, which are
+nearly all river beds in the rainy season, though many
+are dry in summer. Everywhere they had erected altars
+to the idols. ii
+
+'' liashi, ''shall be recognised thi-nugli liieir guill." |
+
+
+shall be made desolate; in order that jour
+altars may be laid in ruins and made deso-
+late,* and your idols may be broken and
+annihilated, and your sun-images may be
+cut down, and youi- works may be blotted
+out.
+
+7 And the slain shall fall in the midst of
+30U: and ye shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+8 Yet will I leave (some); that ye shall
+have some that escape the sword among the
+nations, when ye shall be scattered in the
+(various) countries.
+
+9 And those of \-ou that esca[)e shall re-
+member me among the nations among whom
+they shall have been carried captive, when I
+shall have broken" their licentious heart,
+which had departed from me, even with their
+eyes, which were gone astray after their idols:
+and the}' shall loathe*^ themselves on accoiuit
+of the evil deeds which they have committed
+with all their abominations.
+
+10 And iXxiiy shall know that I am the
+Lord: not for naught have I spoken that I
+would do unto them this evil.
+
+11 T[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Strike thy hands together,'^ and stamp with
+thy foot, and say, Alas for all the dreadfid
+abominations of the house of Israel ! who will
+have to fall by the sword, bj' the famine, and
+by the pestilence.
+
+12 He that is af\ir off' shall die of the pes-
+tilence; and he that is near shall ftill by the
+sword; and he that remaineth and is besieg-
+ed'' shall die by the famine : thus will I let
+out all my fury on them.
+
+13 And ye shall know that I am the Lord,
+when their slain ones shall lie in the midst
+of their idols round about their altars, on
+every high hill, upon all the tops of the
+mountains, and under every green tree, and
+under every thick-branched oak, — places
+where they presented sweet savour to all
+their idols.
+
+14 And I will stretch out my hand over
+them, and I will render the land desolate
+and waste, more than the wilderness toward
+
+'Jonathan, liashi, "who humbled myself, notwith-
+standing their heart went astray and departed from nie,
+in sending to them my prophets to ask them to return
+unto me, that I niiglit do them good, but they would not."
+Redak, "I was broken out of their licentious heart."
+
+' liashi; but Menaebem, "(luarrel with themselves."
+
+* Lit. "smite in thy hand."
+
+'' Redak, "who is preserved;" so also Zunz, "spared."
+
+595
+
+
+EZEKIEL VI. VII.
+
+
+Diblath," in all their habitations : and the_y
+shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 x\nd thou, son of man, thus hath said
+the Lord Eternal concerning the land of Is-
+rael, There is an end ! the end is coming over
+the four corners of the land.
+
+3 Now Cometh the end over thee, and I
+will let loose my anger against thee, and will
+judge thee according to thy ways, and I will
+lay upon thee all thy abominations.
+
+4 And my eye shall not show pity upon
+thee, and I will not spare thee ; for thy own
+ways will I lay upon thee, and thy abomina-
+tions shall come in the midst of thee : and ye
+shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+5 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, An
+evil, a peculiar evil, behold, is coming.
+
+6 An end is coming, there is coming the
+end : it waketh up against thee ; l^ehold, (the
+evil) Cometh.''
+
+7 The evil decree" is come against thee, 0
+thou inhabitant of the land : the time is come,
+near is the day of tunndt, and not the joyful
+call'' on the mountains.
+
+8 Now will I in a short time pour out my
+fury over thee, and I will let out all my anger
+against thee, and I will judge thee according
+to thy waj's, and 1 will lay upon thee all thy
+abominations.
+
+9 And my eye sliall not show pity, and I
+will not spare : according to thy ways will I
+lay (evil) on thee; and thy abominations
+shall come in the midst of thee : and yc shall
+know that I am the Lord that smiteth.
+
+10 Behold the day, behold, it is coming;
+the evil decree" is gone forth; the stafl' hath
+blossomed, presumption hatli budded;
+
+11 The violence' is grown up into the staff
+
+" ('. e. 'Aliiinn-diblathayim, (Num. xxxiii. 46;) but Re-
+dak, "lliblah," by change of 1 for i.
+
+'' This is simihir to the second verse; but there is a
+paronomasia, or phiy upon the words here, deserving of
+notice. tSx ypn ypn vxn X3 yp, "the end cometh, come
+is tlio end: it waketh for thee." vp is "an end," V'pn
+is "ho waketli."
+
+' Redak, " the evil decree is come against tliee like the
+m<irning." Rashi, "the light of the morning-dawn and
+glciry is already set." Jonathan, "the kingdom/' i. e.
+the ("haldeans.
+
+* Some, "echo."
+
+• Here, Rashi, "the dawn of the evil day is risen."
+
+596
+
+
+of wickedness: nothing is left of them, and
+nothing of their multitude, and nothing of
+theirs;^ and there shall be no lamenting for
+them.
+
+12 The time is coming, the day occurreth ;
+let the buyer not rejoice, and let the seller
+not mourn; for wrath is against all her mul-
+titude.
+
+13 For the seller shall not return to that
+which is sold, although their soul were yet
+alive; for the vision is against all her
+multitude; no one*" shall return; but the
+soul of evei'y one is fastened to his iniquity,
+they do not strengthen themselves (to re-
+pent).'
+
+14 They have blown the cornet, every one
+maketh himself ready; but no one goeth to
+the Imttle; for my wrath is against all her
+multitude.
+
+15 The sword is without, and the pesti-
+lence and the ftimine are within : he tlnit is
+in the field shall die by the sword; and he
+that is in the cit}-, him shall famine and pes-
+tilence devour.
+
+16 But they that escape of them shall
+escape, and they shall be on the mountains
+like the doves of the valleys, all of which are
+moaning, every one in his iniquity.
+
+17 All haiTds become feeble, and all knees
+go into'' water.
+
+18 And people gird themselves with sack-
+cloth, and shuddering covereth them: and
+upon all faces there is shame, and upon all
+their heads there is baldness.
+
+19 Their silver shall they cast into the
+streets, and their gold shall be as though it
+were unclean : their silver and their gold
+shall hot be able to deliver them on the day
+of the wrath of the Lord; they shall not
+satisfy their souls, and not fill their bowels ;
+because it was the stumbling-block for' their
+iniquity.
+
+' The violence of the enemy is grown into a staff of
+punishment; but Rashi, "the violence of your hand is
+risen up against you as a staff of wickedness to destroy
+you."
+
+^ Zunz, "nothing of their wealth, and nothing of their
+tumult." Rashi, "nor of their children, nor their mul-
+titude."
+
+'' i. c. At the jubilee, to resume his sold jiroperty.
+Others, "this (vision) shall not return unfultilled."
+
+' Rashi. Pliilippsou, "no one can stand firmly in the
+guilt of his soul."
+
+'' i.e. Are unable to stand, as water.
+
+' (■. c. Their wealth led them to sin.
+
+
+EZEKIEL VII. VTII.
+
+
+20 And as for the beauty'" of his ornament,
+whicli lie had institnted for (their) pride:
+even therein did they make the images of
+their abominations, their detestable things;
+therefore have I rendeied it unelean for
+them.
+
+21 And I will give it np into the hands of
+the strangers for a prey, and to the wicked
+of the earth for a spoil : and they shall pol-
+lute it.
+
+22 And I will turn away my face from
+them, and they shall pollute my place where
+I dwelt in secret; and therein shall barbarians
+enter and pollute it.
+
+23 Make chains; for the land is full of
+blood-guiltiness, and the city is full of vio-
+lence.
+
+24 Therefore will I bring the worst of na-
+tions, and they shall take possession of their
+houses : I will also cause the pride of the
+mighty to cease; and their holy places shall
+be polluted.
+
+25 Destruction cometh: and they will seek
+peace, but there shall be none.
+
+26 Mishap shall come upon mishap, and
+report shall be spread upon report: and then
+will they seek a vision from the prophet; but
+the law shall be lost from the priest, and
+counsel from the ancients.
+
+27 The king shall mourn, and the prince
+shall be clothed with distress, and the hands
+of the people of the laud shall be powerless :''
+after their way will I do unto them, and ac-
+cording to their own manners will I judge
+them; and they shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass in the sixth year,
+in the sixth month, on the fifth day of the
+month, that I was sitting in my house, and
+the elders of Judah were sitting before me;
+and there fell upon me there the inspiration
+of the Lord Eternal.
+
+2 And I saw, and, behold, there was a like-
+
+
+" Rasbi; referring this to God's temple, which he had
+made the pride of Israel, and which should now be cast
+off as imclean, because they had placed their abominations
+in it. Philippson, "their costly ornaments they applied
+for pride; made thereof," &c.
+
+" Lit. "troubled." Zunz, "be stiff."
+
+° Rashi, "he showed me as though he were carrying
+me and brincrino; me to Jerusalem."
+
+
+uess similar to the appearance of fire; from
+the appearance of his loins downward, it was
+fire; and from his loins upward, it was similar
+to the appearance of a bright light, like the
+glitter of amber.
+
+3 And he stretched forth the form of a
+hand, and took me by the locks of my head ;
+and a spirit bore me between the earth and
+the heaven, and brought me in the visions"
+of God to Jerusalem, to the door of the inner
+gate** that looketh toward the north, where
+was the seat of the image of jealousy, which
+provoketh to wrath."
+
+4 And, behold, there was the glory of the
+God of Israel, like the appearance which I
+had seen in the valley.
+
+5 And he said unto me. Son of man, do
+but lift up thy eyes in the direction toward
+the north. So I lifted up my eyes in the
+direction toward the north, and behold north-
+ward at the gate of '^ the altar (there was)
+this image of jealousy at the entrance.
+
+6 Then said he unto me. Son of man, seest
+thou what they are doing? great abomina-
+tions are they that the house of Israel commit
+here, to make me go flxr away from my sanc-
+tuary ; but thou shalt yet see still other great
+abominations.
+
+7 And he brought me to the door of the
+court: and I looked, and behold there was a
+hole in the wall.*
+
+8 Then said he unto me. Son of man, do
+break (an opening)'' in the wall: and I broke
+(an opening) in the wall, and, behold, there
+was a door.
+
+9 And he said unto me. Go in, and see the
+wicked abominations which they are doing
+here.
+
+10 So I w'cnt in and saw; and behold
+there was every form of creeping things, and
+cattle, abominations, and all the idols of the
+house of Israel, engraven" upon the wall all
+round about.
+
+11 And seventy men of the elders of the
+house of Israel, and Yaiizanyalui the son of
+
+■^ /. e. The gate of the inner court.
+
+
+' Jonathan.
+
+' /. e. The gate which faced the altar, in the inner
+court.
+
+'^ Of a secret chamber near it.
+
+^ Rashi, "Break in the wall and enlarge the hole."
+
+' Similar to the temples of the Egyptians, on the walls
+of which all the things here described are engraved.
+
+597
+
+
+EZEKIEL VIII. IX.
+
+
+Shaplian standino; in the midst of them, were
+standing before them, and every man had liis
+censer in his hand; and a thick cnrling cloud
+of incense was ascending upward.
+
+12 Then said he unto me. Son of man,
+hast thou seen what the elders of the house
+of Israel are doing in the dark, every man
+in his image-chambers ?' for they say, The
+Lord seeth us not: the Lord hath forsaken
+the earth.
+
+13 And he said unto me, Thou shalt yet
+again see still other great abominations that
+tliey are doing.
+
+14 And he brouglit me to the entrance of
+the gate of the Lord's house which was on
+the north side: and, behold, there sat the wo-
+men weeping for Thanmiuz.''
+
+15 Then said he unto me. Hast thou seen
+this, 0 son of man? Thou shalt yet again
+see still other greater abominations than
+these.
+
+16 And he brought me into the inner court
+of the Lord's house, and, behold, at the door
+of the temple of the Lord, between the porch
+and the altar, were al^out five and twenty
+men, with their backs toward the temple of
+the Lord, and their faces toward the east;
+and they were prostrating themselves east-
+ward to the sun.
+
+17 Then said he unto me, Hast thou seen
+tliis, 0 son of man? Is it too light a thing
+for the house of Judah to commit the abomi-
+nations which they commit here? for they
+have filled the land with violence, and they
+constantly repeat to provoke me to anger;
+and, lo, they stretch forth the branch to their
+nose."
+
+18 Therefore I also will deal in fury; my
+eye shall not look with pity, and I will not
+spare : and though they call before my ears
+with a loud voice, will I still not hear them.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 And he called before my ears with a
+loud voice, saying. Let those come near that
+
+" llaslii, "covered witli marble flooring " Gottshalk
+Metz, "concealed chamber."
+
+^ A Phoenician idol, who.se death was mourned for at,
+the Humuier solstice, during eiglit days, when his resurrec-
+tion was cidebrated with the most extravagant joy. Li-
+terally, The Thammuz,
+
+
+have charge to punish'' the city, and every
+man with his destroying weapon in his hand.
+
+2 And, behold, six men came from the
+direction of the upper gate, which is turned
+toward the north, and every man with his
+weapon of destruction in his hand; and one
+man in the midst of them was clothed in
+linen, with a writer's materials" by his side :
+and they went in, and placed themselves be-
+side the copper altar.
+
+3 And the glory of the God of Israel as-
+cended up from the cherub, whereupon it had
+been, to the threshold of the house. And he
+called to the man clothed in linen, Avho
+had the writer's materials by his side.
+
+4 *\ And the Lord said unto him. Pass
+through the midst of the city, through the
+midst of Jerusalem, and inscribe a mark upon
+the foreheads of the men who sigh and who
+complain because of all the abominations
+which are done in the midst of it.
+
+5 And to the others he said before my
+ears, Pass ye through the city after him, and
+smite : let your eye not look with pity, and
+do not spare ;
+
+6 The aged, youth, and virgin, and little
+children, and women shall 3e slay and de-
+stroy; but come not near any man upon
+whom the mark is; and at my sanctuary
+shall ye begin. Then they began with the
+ancient men who were before the house.
+
+7 And he said unto them, Make unclean
+the house, and fill the courts with the slain :
+go forth. And they went forth, and they
+smote in the city.
+
+8 And it came to pass, while they were
+smiting them, and I alone was left, that I
+fell upon my face, and cried out, and said.
+Ah Lord Eternal! wilt thou destroy all the
+residue of Israel when thou pourest out thy
+fury over Jerusalem ?
+
+9 Then said he unto me. The iniquity of
+the house of Israel and of Judah is exceed-
+ingly great, and the land is full of blood-guilti-
+ness, and the city f'ldl of injustice;^ for they
+
+composed of pomegranate, tamarisk, and date trees, in
+the left hand. Redak, "thoy apply the filthy odour (of
+the incense) to their nose."
+
+" Rashi.
+
+' Rashi, after Jonathan, "book of tablets," which were
+covered with wax, on which they used to engrave with a
+
+
+° It is said that the Persians held, while worshipping j style. Zunz, "writing materials." Redak, "inkhorn."
+their spirit of good, a bundle of twigs, called Barsora, i| ' Rashi, "perverted judgment," r. e. wrongful deci.sions.
+598
+
+
+EZEKIEL IX. X.
+
+
+have said, The Lord hath forsaken the land,
+and the Lord seeth not.
+
+10 And as for me al.'^o, my eye shall not
+look with pity, and T will not spare; but I
+will bring their course u|)()n their own head.
+
+11 And, behold, the man clothed in linen,
+who had the writing materials by his side
+brought back word
+
+
+sa\nig, I have done ac-
+
+
+cording to all that thou hast commanded me.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 Then I saw, and, behold, on the vault
+that was above the head of the cherubim,
+there appeared over them something like a
+sapphire stone, something similar in appear-
+ance to the likeness of a throne.
+
+2 And he said unto the man clothed in
+linen, and said, Go in between the wheels,
+under the cherub, and fill thy hands with
+coals of fire from between the cherubim, and
+throw (them) over the city. And he went
+in before my eyes.
+
+3 Now the cherubim were standino; on the
+right side of the house, when the man went
+in : and the cloud filled the inner court.
+
+4 Then the glory of the Lord rose upward
+from the cherub, towai'd the threshold of the
+house: and the house was filled with the
+cloud, and the court was full of the bright-
+ness of the Lord's glory.
+
+5 And the sound of the wings of the
+cherubim was heard as far as the outer court,
+like the voice of the Almighty God when he
+speaketh.
+
+6 And it came to pass, when he command-
+ed the man clothed in linen, saying. Take
+fire from between the wheels, from between
+the cherubim, that he went in, and stood be-
+side the wheel.
+
+7 And the one cherub stretched forth his
+hand from between the cherubim unto the
+fire that was between the cherubim, and lift-
+ed it up, and placed it into the hands of the
+one clothed in linen; who took it, and
+went out.
+
+8 And there became visil)le on the cheru-
+bim the form of a man's hand beneath their
+wings.
+
+9 And I saw, and, behold, there were tour
+
+
+" Rashi and Redak think this describes the Ophannim;
+ethers, the Cherubim also, who are* thus represented as
+full of ejes.
+
+
+wheels by the (•lu'rul)im, one wheel bv the
+one cherub, and another wheel by the otlier
+cherub: and the ajipearance of the wheels
+was like the glitter of a chrysolite stone.
+
+10 And as for their appearances, the whole
+four had one likeness, as if a wheel were in
+the midst of another wheel.
+
+11 In their going, Ihey went toward their
+four sides, they turned not round in their
+going; but to the place whither the head
+was turned they followed it, they turned not
+round in their tioini!;.
+
+12 And their" whole body, and their back,
+and their hands, and their wings, as also tlie
+wheels, were full of eyes round about, (even)
+the wheels that belonged to all four of them.
+
+13 As for the wheels, they were called
+GalgaP before ray ears.
+
+14 And every one had four faces : the one
+face was the face of a cherub, and the second
+face was the face of a man, and the third
+the face of a lion, and the fourth the face of
+an eagle.
+
+15 And the cherubim lifted themselves up.
+This is the living creature that I saw by the
+river Kebar.
+
+16 And when the cherubim went forward,
+the wheels went close by them; and when
+the cherubim lifted up their wings to mount
+up from the earth, the wheels also did not
+turn away from beside them.
+
+17 When those halted, these halted; and
+when those lifted themselves up, these lifted
+themselves up with them ; for the spirit of the
+living creature was in them.
+
+18 And the glory of the Lord went forth
+from oft' the threshold of the house, and lialt-
+ed over the cherubim.
+
+19 And the cherubim lifted up their wings,
+and mounted up from the earth before my
+eyes as they went forth, and the wheels at
+the same time with them, and halted at tile
+entrance of the east gate of the house of the
+Lord: and the glory of the God of Israel was
+over them above.
+
+20 This is the living creature that I saw
+under the God of Israel b}- the river Kebar;
+and I understood that they were cherubim.
+
+21 Every one had four faces apiece, and
+
+
+'' 6'u(((/((/ is synonymous with 0/>/inH, meaning, "wheel;"
+but the first term, from '^hi "to roll," denotes more espe-
+ei.illy the speed and rapidity of their motion.
+
+5yy
+
+
+EZEKIEL X. XI.
+
+
+every one had four wings; and the likeness
+of the hands of a man was under their wings.
+22 And the likeness of their faces was the
+same as the laces which I had seen by the
+river Kebar, their appearances and them-
+selves : the}' went every one in the direction
+of his face.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 And a spirit bore me up, and brought
+me unto the east gate of the house of the
+Lord, which looketh eastward: and behold,
+there were at the entrance of the gate five
+and twenty men ; and I saw in the midst of
+them Yaiizanyah the son of 'Azzur, and Pelat-
+yahu the son of Benayahu, princes of the
+people.
+
+2 Tl Then said he unto me, Son of man,
+these are the men that devise wickedness,
+and give evil counsel in this city ;
+
+3 Who say, (The evil)" is not near; so let
+us build houses: this (city) is the pot, and
+we are the flesh.
+
+4 ^- Therefore prophesy against them, pro-
+phesy, 0 son of man.
+
+5 And the Spirit of the Lord fell upon me,
+and said unto me. Speak, Thus hath said the
+Lord, Thus have ye said, 0 house of Israel;
+and wliatever cometli into your mind, do I
+know full well.
+
+6 Ye have multiplied those slain by you in
+this city, and ye have filled its streets with
+the slain.
+
+7 Therefore thus hath said the Lord Eter-
+nal, Those slain by you whom ye have struck
+down*' in the midst of it, — they are the flesh,
+and this place is the pot; but you are to be re-
+moved" out of the midst of it.
+
+8 The sword have ye feared: and the
+sword will I bring over you, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+9 And I will remove you out of the midst
+of it, and I will give you up into the hand
+
+
+" Rashi and Eedak. Zunz, "Not in the vicinity ouglit
+we to build liouses." Pbilippson, "It is not near the
+time to build houses (in foreign lands);" alluding to Jer.
+xxix..5,28. "It is the pot," is so commented on by Rashi:
+" As the flesh is not removed from the pot till it is com-
+pletely boiled, so shall wo not go forth from it till we
+die."
+
+" Lit. "placed."
+
+« Lit. "to bring forth."
+
+* i. e. They should not meet their end in Jerusalem
+but beyond the limits of Palestine.
+(iOO
+
+
+of strangers, and will execute punishments
+among you.
+
+10 By the sword shall ye fall; on the
+Ijoundary of Israel will I judge you: and ye
+shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+11 This place shall not be unto you as a
+pot, so that you should be as flesh in the midst
+of it; but on the boundary'' of Israel will I
+judge you.
+
+12 And ye shall know that I am the Lord;
+because" in my statutes have ye not walked,
+and my ordinances have ye not executed; Ijut
+ye have done after the ordinances of the
+nations that are round about you.
+
+13 And it came to pass, as I was prophesy-
+ing, that Pelatyahu the son of Benayah died.
+Then fell I down upon my face, and cried
+with a loud voice, and said. Ah Lord Eternal !
+wilt thou make a full end of the remnant of
+Israel ?
+
+14 ][ Then came the word of the Lord
+unto me, saying,
+
+15 Son of man, thy brethren, even thy
+brethren, the men of thy kindred, and the
+whole house of Israel altogether,*' are they unto
+whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem have
+said, Piemain you far from the Lord: unto
+us is this land given for a possession.
+
+16 TI Therefore say. Thus hatli said the
+Lord Eternal, Although I have removed
+them far away among the nations, and al-
+though I have scattered them among the
+countries : yet will I be to them as a minor^
+sanctuary in the countries whither they are
+come.
+
+17 H Therefore say, Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal, I will both gather you from
+the people, and assemble you out of the coun-
+tries whither ye have been scattered, and I
+will give you the land of Israel.
+
+18 And they shall come thither, and they
+shall remove all its detestable things, and all
+its abominations out of it.
+
+' Zunz, " You who have not," etc. G. Metz, "in whose
+statutes," &c.
+
+' Those who had been carried to Babylon. They wore
+regarded as inferior by those who had been left under
+Zedekiah ; and they claimed to be especial favourites of
+God, because they yet held Palestine : hence the denun-
+ciation ; since neither they nor their king adhered to the
+law which God had imparted to them.
+
+« Jonathan, who renders, "synagogues," or "places of
+assembly." Philippson, after some moderns, " a sanctuary
+for a little while."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XL XII.
+
+
+19 And I will give tlieui one single heart,
+and a new spirit will I put within yon ; and
+I will remove the heart of stone out of their
+body," and I will give unto tliem a heart of
+flesh :
+
+20 In order that they may Avalk in my
+statutes, and keep my ordinances, and do
+them ; and they shall be unto me for a peo-
+ple, and I will indeed be unto them for a God.
+
+21 But as for those whose heart walketh
+after the heart of their detestable things and
+their abominations, their way do I bring upon
+their own head, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+22 Then did the cherubim lift up their
+wings, and the wheels at the same time with
+them ; and the glory of the God of Israel was
+over them above.
+
+23 And the glory of the Lord ascended
+from the midst of the city, and halted upon
+the mount which is on the east side of the
+city.
+
+24 But a spirit bore me up, and brought
+me into Chaldea, to those in exile, in the ap-
+pearance through the spirit of God : and then
+ascended away from me the appearance which
+I had seen.
+
+25 Then did I speak unto those in exile
+all the things that the Lord had shown me.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ^ The word of the Lord came unto me,
+saying,
+
+2 Son of man, in tlie midst of a rebellious
+family art thou dwelling, who have eyes to
+see, and see not; who have ears to hear, and
+hear not ; for they are a rebellious family.
+
+3 T[ But thou, 0 son of man, prepare for
+thyself vessels for going into exile, and wan-
+der away by day before their eyes ; and thou
+shalt wander away from thy place to another
+place before their eyes: perhaps they may
+become aware that they are a rebellious
+family.
+
+4 Then shalt thou carry forth thy vessels,
+like vessels of exile, by day before their eyes :
+and thou shalt go forth at evening before
+their eyes, as they do that g(j forth into exile.
+
+5 Before their eyes break a hole through
+the wall, and carry (them) through it.
+
+' Lit. "flesli."
+
+'' Jeremiah prophesied that Zedekiah should see the
+Iciny of Babylon ; and Ezekiel, that he should not see that
+
+4A
+
+
+6 Before their (eyes) shalt thou bear them
+upon thy shoulders, in the dark shalt thou
+carr}' them forth : thy face shalt thou cover,
+that thou mayest not see the ground; for as a
+token have I set thee unto the house of Is-
+rael.
+
+7 And I did so as I had been commanded;
+my vessels I carried forth by day, like vessels
+of exile, and in the evening I broke a hole
+for myself through the wall with my hand:
+in the dark I brought them forth, and I bore
+them upon my shoulder before their eyes.
+
+8 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me in the morning, saying,
+
+9 Son of man, have not the house of Is-
+rael, the rebellious family, said unto thee,
+What doest thou?
+
+10 Say thou unto them, Thus hath said
+the Lord Eternal, For the prince in- Jerusa-
+lem is the doom, and for all the house of Is-
+rael, (and those) that are in the midst of
+them.
+
+11 Say, I am your token; just as I have
+done, so shall it be done unto them: into
+exile, into captivity, shall they wander.
+
+12 And the prince that is among them
+shall bear upon his shoulder in the dark, and
+shall go forth; through the wall shall they
+break a hole to carr^' (things) through it : his
+face shall he cover up, that he may not see
+the ground with liis eyes.
+
+13 And I will spread out my net over
+him, and he shall be caught in my snare:
+and I will l:)ring him to Babylon into the
+land of the Chaldeans; yet shall he not see
+it,'' and there shall he die.
+
+14 And all that are round about him, those
+wlio assist him, and all the wings of his armies
+will I disperse toward every wind; and the
+sword will I draw out after them.
+
+15 And they shall know that I am the
+Lord, when I scatter them among the na-
+tions, and disperse them in the countries.
+
+16 But I will leave of them men few in
+number from the sword, from the famine,
+and from the pestilence: in order that they
+may relate all their abominations among the
+nations whither they shall have come; and
+they shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+
+comtri/; and so it happened. Zedekiah was taken to
+Riblah, where he was blinded by Nebuchadnezzar, and
+then carried to Babylon, which he never left again.
+
+cm
+
+
+EZEKIEL XII. XIII.
+
+
+17 ^ And the word of the Lord came to
+me, saying,
+
+18 Son of man, thy bread shalt thou eat
+with quaking, and thy water shalt thou drink
+with trembhng and with anxious care.
+
+19 And thou shalt say unto the people of
+the land, Thus hath said the Lord Eternal
+concerning the inhabitants of Jerusalem, (and)
+concerning the land of Israel, Their bread
+shall they eat with anxious care, and their
+water shall they drink with confusion, lor
+the cause that her land will be desolate, de-
+prived of its plenteousness because of the
+violence of all those that dwell therein.
+
+20 And the cities that are inhabited shall
+be laid in ruins, and the land shall be made
+desolate: and ye shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+21 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+22 Son of man, what sort of proverb is
+that which ye have in the land of Israel, say-
+ing. The days are lasting long," and lost is
+every vision?
+
+23 Therefore say unto them, Thus hatli
+said the Lord Eternal, I will cause this pro-
+verb to cease, and they shall no more use it
+as a proverb in Israel; but speak unto them.
+The days are coming nigh, and the word of
+every vision.
+
+24 For there shall be no more any false
+vision'' and a deceptive divination within the
+house of Israel.
+
+25 For I am the Lord, — I do speak, and
+whatever word I do speak shall be done; it
+sliall not be delayed any more; for in your
+days, 0 rebellious flimily, will I speak the
+Avord, and I will execute it, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+26 T[ And the word of the Lord came to
+me, saying,
+
+27 Son of man, behold, the house of Israel
+say. The vision that he foreseeth is for distant
+days, and for times that are far off doth he
+projjhesy.
+
+
+" Raslii, "Tlie (lays (the time) will be long without the
+coming of the punishment, and in the mean while will the
+evil vision which the prophets prophesy unto us be for-
+gotten and lost sight of." Zunz, "all prophecy remains
+•unfulfilled."
+
+'' llashi, "The false prophets shall no more be able to
+]iromise you falsely peace, for speedily will I bring to
+pass the words of the true prophets." Philippson, "dou-
+ble-meaning prodictiuu;" and thinks it to mean, that the
+tiOJ
+
+
+28 Therefore say unto them. Thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, There shall not be de-
+layed any more one of all my words ; but
+whatever word I do speak shall be done,
+saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 Tf And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, prophesy against the pro-
+phets of Israel that prophesy, and say thou
+unto those that prophesy out of their own
+heart, Hear ye the word of the Lord :
+
+3 Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Wo
+unto the scandalous prophets, that follow
+their own spirit, without having seen any
+thing !
+
+4 Like foxes among the ruins have been
+thy prophets, 0 Israel !
+
+5 Ye did not go up into the breaches, nor
+did ye make a fence" around the house of Is-
+rael to stand in the battle on the day of the
+Lord.
+
+6 They saw falsehood and lying divination,
+they who say, " The Lord saith," when the
+Lord had not sent them; and yet they made
+others hope for the fulfilment of the word.
+
+7 Had ye not seen a false vision, and
+had ye not said a lying divination? and ye
+say, "The Lord saith," when I have not
+spoken.
+
+8 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Whereas ye have spoken fixlsehood,
+and have seen lies: therefore, behold, I am
+against you, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+9 And my hand shall be against the pro-
+phets that see fals<^liood, and that divine lies;
+in the secret council of my people shall they
+not be. and in the register of the house of Is-
+rael shall they not be written, and into the
+land of Israel shall they not come: and ye
+shall know that I am the Lord Eternal.
+
+10 Because, even because they have se-
+duced my people, saying, " Peace," when there
+wiis no peace: and (my people)'' build a pro-
+assertions of the true prophets should no longer be a mat-
+ter of doubt.
+
+' When the enemy has breached the wall the valiant
+step forward to repel the invaders, and others build in
+haste a wall or fence to repair the damage; but the false
+prophets seek their own safety, regardless of the sorrow of
+others.
+
+■^ Rashi; meaning, the people sin, build, as it were, a wall
+to protect themselves of bad materials, and these prophets
+
+
+EZEKIEL XIII. XIV.
+
+
+tectlng wall, and, lo, they plaster it with un-
+adhesive mortar.
+
+11 Say unto those who plaster it with
+nnadhesive mortar, that it shall fall: thei'e
+Cometh an overflowing rain-shower; and ye,
+
+0 great hailstones, shall fall ;^ and a storm-
+wind shall rend it.
+
+12 And, lo, the wall is fallen down; will
+it not now be said unto you, Where is the
+plastering wherewith 3'e have jjlastered?
+
+13 ^[ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, I will even rend it with storm-
+winds in ni}' fury; and an overflowing rain-
+shower shall come in my anger, with great
+hailstones in my fury to destroy it.
+
+14 And I will pull down the wall that ye
+have plastered with unadhesive mortar, and
+
+1 will cast it down to the ground, so that the
+foundation thereof shall be laid open ; and it
+shall fall, and ye shall be destroyed in the
+midst of it : and ye shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+15 Thus will I let out all ray wrath upon
+the wall, and upon those that have plastered
+it with unadhesive moi'tar; and I will say
+unto you. Gone is the wall, and gone are they
+that plastered it;
+
+16 (Namely,) the prophets of Israel who
+prof)hesy concerning Jerusalem, and who see
+for her a vision of peace, when there is no
+peace, saitli the Lord Eternal.
+
+17 ^ But, thou son of man, set thy face
+against the daughters of thy people, who pro-
+phesy out of their own heart: and prophesy
+against them,
+
+18 And say, Thus hath said the Lord Eter-
+nal, Wo to the women that sew bolsters to-
+gether" for the armpits of all, and make
+cushions for the head of every stature, to hunt
+souls ! Will ye hunt the souls of my people,
+that ye may keep your own soul alive?
+
+19 And ye profane me among my people
+for handful s*" of barley and for bits of bread,
+
+confirm them bj' predicting happiness, as though the}'
+covered the wall of the others with a plastering which
+will fall off almost as soon as applied.
+
+" Referring to the Eastern custom of furnishing the
+rooms luxuriously with bolsters, cushions, and divans.
+Redak takes nin-JCn to mean, not "cushions," but "vails."
+The last part of the verse Rashi renders, "to support
+yourselves by this means." So also Zunz.
+
+*" For a trifling reward.
+
+° After Rashi and Philippson. Rashi comments, " that
+they may fly through your means to hell." which is beau-
+
+
+to slay the souls that should not die, and to
+keep alive the souls that should not live, by
+your lying to my people that listen to lies !
+
+20 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I am against your bolsters,
+whereon ye hunt the souls that they may
+flutter (in your net),"' and I will tear them
+away from your arms; and I will let the souls
+go free, even the souls that ye hunt that they
+may flutter (in yonr net.)
+
+21 And I will tear away your cushions, and
+deliver my people out of your hand, and they
+shall be no more in your hand to be hunted:
+and ye shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+22 Because ye grieve the heart of the
+righteous with falsehood, when I have not
+given him pain; and strengthen the hands
+of the wicked, so that he should not return
+from his wicked way, through which he
+might live.''
+
+23 Therefore shall ye see no more false-
+hood, and tell no more divinations; and I
+will deliver my people out of your hand: and
+ye shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 Then came there unto me certain men of
+the elders of Israel, and sat down before me.
+
+2 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+3 Son of man, these men have set up their
+idols in their heart," and the stumbling-block
+of their iniquity have they placed before their
+faces: shall I in any wise let myself be in-
+quired of by them ?
+
+4 ^ Therefore speak with them, and say
+unto them, Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Whatever man it be of the house of Israel
+that setteth up his idols in his heart, and lay-
+eth the stumbling-block of his iniquity before
+his face, and cometh to the prophet: I the
+Lord will answer him, although*^ he cometh
+with the multitude of his idols;
+
+tifully given by Philippson, as here imitated, by "flutter-
+ing in the net" of those female deceivers whose arts and
+aim are to lead souls to destruction. This account of
+Ezekiel proves that the false prophetesses were not sparing
+of immoral acts to confirm their power over their dupes.
+^ Zunz. Others, "by promising him life."
+'Rashi, "they have resolved in their heart to serve
+their idols."
+
+' Rashi. Zunz, "for he cometh." Philippson, "I tho
+Lord will answer him in this wise, according to the mul
+titude," &c.
+
+603
+
+
+EZEKIEL XIV.
+
+
+5 In order that I may grasp" the house of
+Israel by their heart, those who are separated
+from me through all their idols.
+
+6 ^ Therefore say unto the house of Is-
+rael, Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Re-
+turn, and cause (your heart) to turn away
+from your idols: and from all jour abomina-
+tions turn away your faces.
+
+7 For whatever man it be of the hou.se of
+Israel, or of the stranger that sojourneth in
+Israel, that separateth himself from me, and
+setteth up his idols in his heart, and layeth
+the stumbling-block of his iniquity before his
+face, and then cometh to the prophet to inquire
+through him of me : I the Lord will answer
+him through my word;''
+
+8 And I will set my face against that man,
+and will make him an astonishment for a
+sign and for proverbs, and I will cut him off
+from the midst of my j^eople; and ye shall
+know til at I am the Lord.
+
+9 ^ And when the prophet suifereth him-
+self to be deceived, and he speaketh a word :
+I the Lord have suffered tliat prophet to be"
+deceived; and I will stretch out my hand
+against him, and will destroy liim from the
+midst of my people Israel.
+
+10 And they shall bear their guilt: as the
+guilt of the inquirer is, so shall the guilt of
+the prophet be;
+
+11 In order that the house of Israel may
+go no more astray by not following me, and
+not pollute themselves any more with all
+their transgressions; but that they may be-
+come unto me a people, and I may be unto
+them a God, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+12 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+13 Son of man, if a land should sin
+against me by trespassing grievously, and I
+stretch out my hand against it, and break
+unto it the staff of bread, and send out f;unine
+against it, and cut off from it man and beast;
+
+14 And if there be these three men, Noah,
+Daniel, and Job,*" in the midst of it: these
+
+
+° Jonathan, "In order to bring the house of Israel to
+come with repentance in their heart, which hath departed
+from my service."
+
+" Jonathan. Rcdak, "for my sake." Philippson, "In
+a manner befitting myself"
+
+• /. p. When the prophet, like Bil'ara, has evil inten-
+tions, and speaks contrary to the divine inspiration, which,
+though a sin, is not prevented by divine interposition, more Jerusalem.
+004
+
+
+through their righteousness should save but
+their own soul; saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+15 If I cause wild beasts to pass through
+the land, and they depopulate it, and it be-
+cometh desolate, without any one to pass
+through because of the beasts :
+
+16 These three men (if they were) in it, as
+I live, saith the Lord Eternal, should not
+save either sons or daughters; they only
+should be saved, but the land should be
+made desolate.
+
+17 Or, if I should bring a sword over that
+land, and say, The sword shall pass through
+the land, and I cut off from it man and
+beast;
+
+18 And if these three men should be in it:
+as I live, saith the Lord Eternal, they should
+not save either sons or daughters, but they
+alone should be saved.
+
+19 Or, if I should send out the pestilence
+against that land, and pour out my fury over
+it in blood, to cut off from it man and beast;
+
+20 And if Noah, Daniel, and Job, should
+be in the midst of it : as I live, saith the Lord
+Eternal, they should not save either son or
+daughter; they through their righteousness
+should save their own soul.
+
+21 ^ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Although I send my four dreadful means of
+punishment over Jerusalem, the sword, and
+the famine, and the wild beasts, and the pes-
+tilence, to cut off from it man and beast:
+
+22 Still, behold, there are left therein some
+that escape who shall be carried foi'th, both
+sons and daughters; behold, they are coming
+forth unto you,* and ye will see their way
+and their doings; and then will ye be com-
+forted concerning the evil that I have brought
+upon Jerusalem, yea, concerning all that I
+have brought upon it;
+
+2.3 And they will comfort you, when ye
+see their way and their doings ; and ye shall
+know that I have not done without cause*^ all
+that I have executed in it, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+
+than other tran.sgressions. "Whoever will do wrong has
+the liberty to do so," is a saying of the wise; though it
+be at the peril of the sinner.
+
+^ Correctly, lyyoh.
+
+" Meaning, that the exiles of Jeru.salem should join
+those already in Babylon.
+
+' ?'. «. It was not caprice, but justice, which destroyed
+
+
+EZEKIEL XV. XVI.
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, What shall become of the
+wood of the vine more than of any other
+Avood, of the branch" which was standing
+among the trees of the forest?
+
+3 Can wood be taken therefrom to emplo}-
+it for any work? or will men take from it a
+pin to hang thereon an^^ vessel?
+
+4 Behold, if it be given up to the fire to be
+consumed, — (and) the fire have consumed
+both its ends, and the middle of it be scorch-
+ed: will it be fit for any work?
+
+') Behold, when it was yet entire, it could
+not be employed for any work : how much
+more (must this be) Avhen the fire hath con-
+sumed it, and it is scorched, — and shall it yet
+be employed for any work?
+
+6 Tl Tlierefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, As the wood of the vine among the
+trees of the forest, which I have given up
+to the fire to be consumed : so do I give up
+the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
+
+7 And I will set my face against them :
+from the fire* have they gone forth, yet the
+fire shall devour them; and ye shall know
+that I am the Lord, when I set my fiice
+against them.
+
+8 And I will render the land a desert; be-
+cause they have committed a trespass, saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XVL
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, make known unto Jerusa-
+lem her abominations,
+
+3 And thou shalt say. Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal unto Jerusalem. Thy origin and
+thy birth are out of the land of Canaan: thy
+father Avas an Emorite,'' and thy mother a
+Hittite.
+
+" Rashi, "Not the vine of viiiejai-ils wljii-h bcar.s fruit
+do I speak of to thee, but of tlie l)raiiches of the wild
+vine which groweth iu the foret^t."
+
+" Jonathan, "They have transgressed the words of the
+law which were given out of the fire, and the nations who
+are strong as fire shall destniy tbeni." But the plain
+sense is, "though they have escaped many dangers, they
+shall succumb at last."
+
+' ('. e. The city of .Jerusalem was (if ancient origin be-
+fore Abraham came to Palestine. ■
+
+
+4 And as for thy birth, on the day thou
+wast born thy navel was not cut, nor wast
+thou washed in water to be cleansed^'' and
+thou wast not rubbed with salt, nor wrapt
+in swaddling clothes.
+
+5 No eye looked with pity on thee, to do
+any of these things unto thee, to have com-
+passion upon thee; but thou wast cast out on
+the open field, with a loathing" of thj- body,
+on the day that thou wast born.
+
+6 But I passed then b}' thee, and I saAv
+thee stained*^ with thy own blood, and I said
+unto thee, In- thy blood, live; yea, I said
+unto thee, In thy blood, live.
+
+7 Myriads, like the vegetation of tlie field,
+did I make of thee, and thou didst increase
+and become great, and thou attainedst the
+highest attractions: with thy breasts deve-
+loped, and th}' hair full grown; but thou wast
+still naked and bare.
+
+8 But I pas.sed then by thee, and saw thee,
+and, behold, thy time was the time of love;
+and I spread the skirt of my garment over
+thee, and covered thy nakedness: yea, I swore
+unto thee, and entered into a covenant with
+thee, saith the Lord Eternal, and thou Ije-
+camest mine.
+
+9 Then did I Itathe thee with watei', 3 ea, I
+thoroughly washed away thy blood from thee;
+and I anointed thee with oil.
+
+10 1 clothed thee also with broidered work,
+and made thee shoes of badger's'' skin, and I
+placed on thy head a turban of fine linen,
+and I covered thee with silk.
+
+11 And I decked thee with ornaments,
+and I placed bracelets upon thy hands, and a
+chain around thy neck.
+
+12 And I placed a ring on thy no.se, and
+earrings in thy ears, and a crown of splendour
+on thy head.
+
+13 Thus wast thou ornamented witli gold
+and silver; and thy garments were of fine
+linen, and silk, and broidered work; fine
+flour, and honey, and oil didst thou eat: and
+
+■" Rashi, ajiplanement, "making level," "smooth."
+
+" Zunz, "on thy body." Philippson, "full of contempt
+of thy life;" i. e. indifferent whether such treatment would
+injure tlie new-born child or not.
+
+' Others, "twitching," "struggling."
+
+« Rashi, "In this thy state of filthiness shalt thon not
+die." Hence we might render, "Notwithstanding thy
+blood shalt thou live."
+
+^ Zunz and other moderns leave BTin thatlunih uu-
+translated.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XVI.
+
+
+thou wast exceedingly beautiful, and thou
+didst succeed to acquire dominion.
+
+14 And thy fame went forth among the
+nations because of thy beauty ; for it was per-
+fect through my glorious ornament, which I
+had put upon thee, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+15 But thou didst trust in thy beauty, and
+play the harlot because of thy fame, and
+lavish thy lewd caresses on every one that
+passed by — on him they were bestowed.
+
+16 And thou didst take from thy garments,
+and deck" thee high-i)laces with divers colours,
+and play the harlot thereupon : never should
+the like come to pass, and never should it
+be so.
+
+17 And thou didst take thy elegant orna-
+ments of my gold and of my silver, which I
+had given thee, and make for thyself male
+images, and play tlie harlot with them;
+
+18 And thou didst take thy broidered gar-
+ments, and cover them : and my oil and my
+incense didst thou place before them.
+
+19 And my bread which I had given thee,
+fine flour, and oil, and honey, which I had
+let thee eat, even this didst thou set before
+them for a sweet savour : yes, so was it, saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+. 20 And thou didst take thy sons and thy
+daughters, whom thou hadst born unto me,
+and didst slaughter these unto them to be de-
+voured ; (but) were thy acts of lewdness not
+yet enough?
+
+21 That thou didst slay my children, and
+give them up to cause them to pass through
+the fire for them?
+
+22 And in all thy abominations and thy
+acts of lewdness thou didst not remember the
+days of thy youth, when thou wast naked
+and bare, when thou wast stained with thy
+blood.
+
+23 And it came to pass after all thy wick-
+edness,— (wo, wo unto thee! saith the Lord
+Eternal;) —
+
+24 That thou didst build unto thyself emi-
+nences, and make thyself elevations in every
+street.
+
+25 On the corner of every road didst thou
+build thy elevations, and make thy beauty
+
+
+* Lit. "make thyself high-places of clivers colours."
+
+*■ Lit. "great with respect to flesh."
+
+° Rashi, taking |;;j3 not for Cauaanite, but "traders;"
+as the Phoenicians, the Canaanites by the seaside, were
+the merchants of antiquity, their proper name was at
+606
+
+
+abominable, and spread out thy feet to every
+one that passed by, and multiply thy acts of
+lewdness.
+
+26 And thou didst play the harlot with
+the Egyptians, thy neighbours, with large
+limbs,'' and multiply thy acts of lewdness, to
+provoke me to anger.
+
+27 And, behold, I stretched out my hand
+over thee, and diminished thy stated portion ;
+and I gave thee up unto the will of those that
+hate thee, the daughtei's of the Philistines, who
+were made to blush for thy incestuous course.
+
+28 Then didst thou play the harlot with
+the sons of Asshur, because thou wast unsa-
+tiable: yea, thou didst play the harlot with
+them, and wast even then not satisfied.
+
+29 And thou didst multiply thy lewdness
+with the traders'" land as for as Chaldea; and
+even with this wast thou not satisfied.
+
+30 How very corrupt is thy heart, saith
+the Lord Eternal, seeing thou didst all these
+things, deeds of an abandoned lewd woman ;
+
+31 Seeing that thou didst build thy emi-
+nences at the corner of every road, and make
+thy elevations in every street; and wast not
+like a harlot, as thou scornedst the wages.
+
+32 0 thou adulterous wife! Avho, while
+bound to her husband, receiveth strangers!
+
+33 Unto all harlots they give presents; but
+thou hast given thy presents to all thy lovers,
+and hast bribed them, that they might come
+unto thee from every side in thy acts of lewd-
+ness.
+
+34 And the reverse was the case with thee
+from (other) women in thy acts of lewdness,
+that men did not follow thee to seek thy
+lewd caresses ; and because thou gavest the
+waoes, and no wa-ies were 2;iven thee : so
+was it the reverse with thee.
+
+35 Therefore, 0 harlot, hear the word of
+the Lord!
+
+36 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Whereas thy wealth was squandered,'' and
+thy nakedness was uncovered through tliy
+lewd acts with thy lovers, and with all thy
+abominable idols," and for the blood of thy
+children, whom thou didst give unto tlieni:
+
+37 Therefore, behold, I will gather all thy
+
+length applied to all who made merchandise their pursuit.
+Others, literally, " with the land of Canaan as far as Chal-
+dea."
+
+^ After Philippson.
+
+° Here is the solution of the "lewdness" of Jorusalciu :
+
+
+EZEKIEL XVI.
+
+
+lovers, whom thou hast given' pleasure, and
+all whom thou hast loved, together with nil
+whom thou hast hated. — 3-ea, I will gather
+them all round arbout thee, and will uncover
+thy nakedness unto them, that the_y may see
+all thy nakedness.
+
+38 x\nd I Avill judge thee, as adulteresses
+and women that shed blood are judged ; and
+I will bring'' upon thee the blood of fury and
+jealousy.
+
+39 And I will also give thee up into their
+hand, and they shall pull down thy emi-
+nences, and shall break down thy elevations ;
+and they shall strip thee of thy clothes, and
+they shall take thy elegant ornaments, and
+leave thee naked and bare.
+
+40 And they shall bring up against thee
+an assembly, and they shall stone thee with
+stones, and thrust thee through with their
+swords ;
+
+41 And they shall burn thy houses with
+fire, and execute punishments on thee before
+the eyes of many women : and I will cause
+thee to cease from being a harlot, and also
+the wages (of sin) shalt thou not give any
+more.
+
+42 And then will I assuage my fury on
+thee, and my jealousy shall depart from thee,
+and I will be quiet, and will be no more
+angry."
+
+43 Because that thou didst not remember
+the days of thy youth, but didst irritate me
+with all these things : behold, therefore I also
+will bring thy course upon tliy head, saith tlie
+Lord Eternal, and thou slialt no more commit
+incest'' with all thy (other) abominations.
+
+44 Behold, every one that speaketh" in
+proverbs shall use this proverb against thee,
+saying, As the mother is, so is her daughter.
+
+45 Thou art thy mother's daughter, loath-
+ing her husband and her children; and thou
+art the sister of thy sisters, who have loathed
+their husbands and their children : your mother
+was a Hittite, and your father an Emorite.
+
+46 And thy elder sister is Samaria, she
+
+
+it means nothing else than the eagerness to adopt the
+idols of Egypt, Phcenieia, Ass3Tia, Babylon, &c., neglect-
+ing thereby the blessed law, giving, as it were, wages for
+sin, committing adultery while married to God, without
+the least beneficial return for all this sacrifice.
+* Rashi, "with whom thou hast mingled."
+"' Jonathan, "and I will give thee up to be slain in
+I'urv and wrath." So also Rashi, adding only "jealousy."
+' When all the punishment has been inflicted.
+
+
+with her daughters.'^that dwelleth at thy left
+hand : and thy younger sister, that dwelleth
+at thy right hand, is Sodom with her daugh-
+ters.
+
+47 Yet not even in their ways didst thou
+walk, nor act according to their abominations:
+as though this were quite too little, and thou
+wast more corrupt than they in all thy Avays.
+
+48 As I live, saith the Lord Eternal, So-
+dom thy sister, she with her daughters, hath
+not done as thou hast done, thou with thy
+daughters.
+
+49 Behold, tliis was the iniquity of thy
+sister Sodom: Pride, abundance of food, and
+prosperous security were hers and her daugh-
+ters'; but the hand of the poor and needy did
+she not strengthen.
+
+50 And they became haughty, and com-
+mitted abominations before me: therefore did
+I remove them when I saw their course.
+
+51 And Samaria hath not committed even
+the half of thy sins; but thou didst multiply
+thy abominations more than they; and thou
+hast justified thy sisters through all thy abo-
+minations which thou hast done.
+
+52 Bear then thou also thy own confusion,
+which thou didst adjudge*' unto each of thy
+sisters; through thy sins, which thou hast
+committed more abominably than they, are
+they made more righteous than thou : there-
+fore thou also — be ashamed, and bear thy
+confusion, since thou hast justified thy sis-
+ters.
+
+53 And I will bring back again their cap-
+tivit3% the captivity'' of Sodom and her daugh-
+ters, and tlie captivity of Samaria and her
+daughters, and the captivity of thy captives
+in the midst of them :
+
+54 In order that thou mayest bear thy
+confusion, and mayest be confounded because
+of all that thou hast done, when thou art a
+comfort unto them.
+
+55 And tliy sisters, Sodom and her daugh-
+ters, shall return to their former state, and
+Samaria and her daughters shall return to
+
+^ Rashi and Jonathan take not for noiO "resolve;"
+"and because thou didst not resolve to lay thy heart to
+all th}' abominations to return from them."
+
+" Styn is rendered in Num. sxi. 27 with "poet," or
+one who relates facts in a proverbial and poetical manner.
+
+' "Daughters" means villages or dependent cities.
+
+' "Before Jerusalem became so corrupt itself, it used
+to say, that Sodom and Samaria had been justly punish-
+ed."— Ra.shi. '' (', e. A general restoration.
+
+607
+
+
+EZEKIEL XVI. XVII.
+
+
+their former state, and thou and thy daugh-
+ters shall return to your former state.
+
+56 And was'' not thy sister Sodom a report
+in thy mouth in the days of thy pi'ide,
+
+57 Before yet thy wickedness was discover-
+ed, as at the time of the reproach of the
+daughters of Syria, and all those round about
+her, the daughters of the Philistines, who
+taunted thee on all sides?
+
+58 Thy incest and thy abominations, —
+thou thyself hadst to bear them, saith the Lord.
+
+59 ^ For thus liatli said the Lord Eternal,
+I will even deal with thee as thou hast done,
+thou who hast despised the oath by breaking
+the covenant.
+
+60 Nevertheless will I indeed remember
+my covenant with thee in the days of thy
+youth, and I will establish unto thee an ever-
+lasting covenant.
+
+61 And thou shalt then remember thy
+ways, and be confounded, when thou receiv-
+est thy sisters, both those that are older than
+thou and younger than thou : and I will
+give them unto thee for daughters, though not
+because thou wast fxithful to the covenant.
+
+62 And I will establish my covenant with
+thee; and thou shalt know that I am the
+Lord :
+
+63 In order that thou mayest remember,
+and feel ashamed, and never open thy mouth
+any more because of thy confusion, when I
+forgive thee for all that tliou hast done, saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XVIL "
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, put forth a riddle, and pro-
+pound a parable unto the hou.se of Israel ;
+
+3 And say, Thus hath said the Lord Eter-
+nal, The great eagle with large wings, long
+winged, full of feathers, who is rich in many
+colours, came unto the Lebanon, and took the
+highest branch of the cedar:
+
+4 The topmost of its young twigs did he
+crop off", and carry it into the traders' land;
+and he set it in a city of merchants.
+
+5 And he took some of the seed of the
+
+
+"After Rashi; ))ut Ilc<lak, "AiKjl Sodom thy sister
+was not heard out of thy mnuth," &c.
+
+' Rashi, " to the eagle — tiie king of Babylon."
+" Zunz, "foliage."
+
+* Jonathan; hut Rashi, "and the othrr (/. <, tlie second
+G08
+
+
+land, and planted it in a fruitful field: he
+placed it by great waters, he transplanted it
+among the willow-trees.
+
+6 And it grew, and became a trailing vine
+of low stature, tlie tendrils of which sliould
+turn toward liim,'' and the roots of which
+should be under him : so it became a vine, and
+brought forth branches, and sent out shoots."
+
+7 There was also another great eagle with
+large wings and many feathers : and, behold,
+this vine did bend its roots famishing toward
+him, and shot forth its tendrils toward him,
+that he might water it, from the beds where
+it was planted ;
+
+8 (Although) it was planted in a good
+field by great waters, that it might produce
+bouglis, and that it might bear fruit, that it
+might become an elegant vine.
+
+9 Say now. Thus hath said the Lord Eter-
+nal, Shall it prosper? Behold the other will
+pull up its roots, and its fruit will he cut
+away, that it may dry up; every one of its
+growing leaves shall dry up; and not with
+great power and numerous people (will he
+have to come) to tear it away from its roots.**
+
+10 Yea, behold, although it is planted,
+shall it prosper? Lo, as soon as the east
+wind toucheth it, shall it be utterly dried up:
+in the beds Avhere it groweth shall it dry up.
+
+11 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+12 Do now say to the rebellious liimih'.
+Know ye not what these things mean ? Say,
+Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusa-
+lem, and took away its king and its princes,
+and he brought them unto himself to Baby-
+lon;
+
+13 And he took one of the royal seed, and
+made a covenant with him, and bound him
+with an oath;" but the mighty of the land did
+he take away ;
+
+14 That the kingdom should be deljased,
+so as not to lift itself up; that it should keep
+his covenant that it might continue to exist.
+
+15 But he rebelled against him b}' sending
+his messengers into Egypt, that they might
+give him horses and numerous people. Shall
+he prosper? shall he escape that doth such
+
+eagle, the king of Egypt) will not eonic with a slicing arm
+I and numerous people against those who will imll otf and
+remove it from its roots." Rcdak follows the same con-
+struction.
+
+' Ueb. "brought him iuln an oath."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+things? yea, he hath broken the covenant,
+and ishall he escape?
+
+16 As I Hve, saith the Lord Eternal, surely
+in the residence of the king that hath made
+liini king, whose oath he hatli despised, and
+whose covenant he hath broken, even near
+him in the midst of Babylon shall he die.
+
+17 And not with a mighty army and a
+large assembly shall Pharaoh labour for him
+in the war. when (the other) casteth up
+mounds, and buildeth works of attack, to cut
+off many souls.
+
+18 Yea, he that hath despised the oath by
+breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had
+given his hand, and hath done all these
+things, shall not escape.
+
+19 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, As I live, surely my oath that he
+hath despised, and ray covenant that he hath
+broken, — even this will I bring upon his own
+head.
+
+20 And I will spread my net over him,
+and he shall be cauglit in my snare, and I
+Avill bring him to Babylon, and will hold
+judgment with him there for his trespass
+which he hath committed against me.
+
+21 And all his futiitives with all the wintis
+of his army shall f;ill by the sword, and those
+that remain shall be dispersed toward all
+winds: and ye shall know that I the Lord
+have spoken it.
+
+22 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+But I myself" will take (a part) of the high-
+est branch of the high cedar, and will pre-
+serve'' it; from the topmost of its young
+twigs will I crop off a tender one, and I my-
+self will plant it firmly upon a high and emi-
+nent mountain :
+
+23 On the mountain of the height of Is-
+rael will I plant it firmly; and it shall pro-
+duce boughs, and bear fruit, and become an
+elegant cedar; and there shall dwell under it
+all fowls, every thing that hath wing; in the
+shadow of its light branches shall they dwell.
+
+24 And all the trees of the field shall know
+that I the Lord have made low the high tree,
+have made high the lowly tree, that I have
+diied up the green tree, and have caused to
+
+
+' J. c. In contrast with the act of the king of Babylon;
+he took the king and slew his sons and blinded him; bnt
+God at the time of redemjiticm will take a remote descend-
+ant of the great cedar, the house of David, and fulfil
+through him all he has promised. Hence, "I luj'self," &c.
+4B
+
+
+flourish the (lr\ tree: I the Lord have spoken
+and have done it.
+
+CHAPTER XVm.
+
+1 ^j And the word of the Lord came tuito
+me, saving,
+
+2 What mean ye, that ye use this proverb
+in'" the countr}' of Israel, saying. The fathers
+have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the
+children are set on edge?
+
+o As I live, saith the Lord Eternal, ye
+shall not have any more to use this proverb
+in Israel.
+
+4 Behold, all the souls are mine; as the
+soul of the father, so also the soul of the son —
+mine are they : the soul which sinneth that
+alone shall die.
+
+o But if a man be righteous, and execute
+justice and righteousness;
+
+6 Upon the mountains'* he eateth not, and
+his eyes he lifteth not up to the idols of the
+house of Israel, and the wife of his neighbour
+he defileth not, and unto a woman in her
+separation he cometh not near;
+
+7 And he overreacheth no man, he restor-
+eth his pledge for a debt, a robbery he doth
+not commit, his bread he giveth to the hun-
+gry, and the naked he covereth with a gar-
+ment;
+
+8 Upon interest he giveth not forth, and
+increase he doth not take, from wrons: he
+withdraweth his hand, true judgment he exe-
+cuteth between man and man ;
+
+9 In my statutes he walketh steadfastly,
+and ni}' ordinances he keepeth to deal truly:
+he is righteous, he shall surely live, saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+10 If he (now) ]>eget a dis.solute son, that
+sheddeth blood, and doth to (his) brother any
+one of these things;
+
+11 And he is one that doth not any of
+these (duties); but eateth even upon the
+mountains, and defileth the wife of his neigh-
+bour ;
+
+12 The poor and needy he overreacheth,
+he is guilty of robberies, the pledge he restor-
+eth not, and to the idols he lifteth up his
+eyes, abominations he committeth ;
+
+'' Eashi, after Jonathan. Lit. "will give it" — a place.
+
+° Other.*, "concerning."
+
+■^ /. r. Eats not of offerings brought to the idols wor-
+shipped on hills and mountains; whereas sacrifices to God
+could only be offered and eaten near the temple.
+
+(iOii
+
+
+EZEKIEL XVIII. XIX.
+
+
+13 Upon interest he giveth forth, and in-
+crease he taketh : and he should live? he
+shall not live; all these abominations hath he
+done, he shall surely die; his blood shall be
+upon him.
+
+14 And behold, if he beget a son, who
+seeth all the sins of his father which he hath
+done, and he considereth," and doth not the
+like of them ;
+
+15 Upon the mountains he eateth not, and
+his eyes he lifteth not up to the idols of the
+house of Israel, the wife of his neighbour he
+defileth not ;
+
+16 And he overreacheth no man, a pledge
+he withholdeth not, and of a robbery he is
+never guilty
+
+
+cry
+
+
+J:
+
+
+g,......^, his bread he giveth to the hun-
+
+and the naked he covereth with a gar-
+
+
+ment ;
+
+17 From the poor he withdraweth his
+hand, interest and increase he taketh not;
+my ordinances he executeth, in my statutes
+he walketh : — he shall not die for the iniquity
+of his father, he shall surely live.
+
+18 His fiither, because he unjustly with-
+held (wages), was guilty of robbery on his
+brother, and did that which is not good in
+the midst of his people, — and lo, he died
+through his iniquity.
+
+19 Yet say }e, Why dotli not the son bear
+part of the iniquity of the lather? when the
+son hath executed justice and rigliteousness,
+all my statutes hath he kept, and hath done
+them : he shall surely live.
+
+20 The soul that sinneth, she alone shall
+die; the son shall not help to bear the iniquity
+(jf the fiither, and the father shall not help to
+bear the iniquity of the son : the righteous-
+ness of the righteous shall be upon him, and
+the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon
+him.
+
+21 ^ And the wicked, when he turneth
+away from all his sins that he hath commit-
+ted, and keepeth all my statutes, and execut-
+eth justice and righteousness, shall surely
+live, he shall not die.
+
+22 All his transgressions which he hath
+committed shall not be remembered unto
+
+through his righteousness which he
+
+
+um :
+
+
+hath done shall he live.
+
+
+" llashi, "though he sec them, he nevertheless doth
+not," ko.
+
+^ Zunz, "return and convert your.selves."
+' Zunz, "procure for yourselves."
+610
+
+
+23 Have I then the least pleasure in the
+death of the wicked? saith the Lord Eternal:
+and not in his turning away from his ways,
+that he may live?
+
+24 ^ But when the righteous turneth awav
+from his righteousness, and committeth wrong,
+and doth according to all the abominations
+tliat the wicked man doeth, shall he live? all
+his righteousness that he hath done shall not
+be renrembered : through his trespass which
+he hath committed, and through his sin that
+he hath done, — through them shall he die.
+
+25 Yet ye say. The way of the Lord is not
+equitable: hear now, 0 house of Israel, Is
+not my way equitable? is it not your ways
+which are not equitable?
+
+2G When a righteous man turneth away
+from his righteousness, and doth wrong, and
+dieth therctbr: through his wron"' which lie
+hath done must he die.
+
+27 ^ Again, when the Avicked turneth
+away from his wickedness which he hath
+committed, and executeth justice and righte-
+ousness: he shall indeed preserve his soul
+alive.
+
+28 Because he hath considered, and turned
+aw.ay from all his transgressions which he
+had connnitted : he shall surely live, he
+shall not die.
+
+29 Yet say the house of Israel, The way
+of the Lord is not equitable: are not my
+ways equitable, O house of Israel? is it not
+your ways which are not equitable ?
+
+30 Therefore will I judge you, every one
+according to his ways, 0 house of Israel, saith
+the Lord Eternal : return ye, and cause others''
+to return from all your transgressions, that
+iniquity may not become 3'our stumbling-block.
+
+31 Cast away from yourselves all your
+transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed ;
+and make" yourselves a new heart and a new
+spirit; for why will ye die, 0 house of Israel?
+
+32 For I have no pleasure in the death of
+him that deserveth to die, saith the Lord Eter-
+nal : therefore convert yourselves, and live.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 Tf And thou, — do thou litt up a lamenta-
+tion lor the princes of Israel,'^
+
+^ In this lament the prophet mourns for the down-
+fall of the royal family. Some refer "the two young
+lions" to Jehoachaz and Jehoyachin, who were led away
+after a short reign. Others, JeUoUchaz and Jehoyakim.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XIX. XX.
+
+
+2 And say, What a noble lioness was thy
+mother! among lions did she lie down, in
+the midst of young lions did she raise her
+whelps !
+
+3 And she brought up one of her whelps :
+he became a young lion," and he learned to
+tear in pieces the prey; (even) men he de-
+voured.
+
+4 And when nations heard of him. he was
+caught in their pit, and they brought him
+with nose-rings unto the land of Egypt.
+
+'J Now when she saw that she had long
+waited, (that) her hope was lost, she took an-
+other one of her whelps, and made him a
+young lion.
+
+6 And he went up and down in the midst
+of lions, he became a young lion; and he
+learned to tear in pieces the prey; even men
+he devoured.
+
+7 And he broke down'' their palaces, and
+their cities laid he in ruins: and then was
+terrified the land, with all that filled it, be-
+cause of the noise of his roaring.
+
+8 Then set themselves the nations against
+him on every side from the provinces ; and
+they spread over him their net : in their pit
+was he cauQ-ht.
+
+o
+
+9 And they put him in a cage" with xiose-
+rings (in his nose), and they brought him to
+the king of Babylon: they brought him into
+strong-holds, in order that his voice should no
+more be heard on the mountains of Israel.
+
+10 ^ Thy mother was like a vine, if I
+compare thee to aught,"" planted by the wa-
+ters: fruitful and full of boughs was she by
+reason of many waters.
+
+11 And she had strong branches (fit) for
+the sceptres of rulers, and her stature grew
+up high between the thick-branched (trees),
+and she was seen through her height by
+means of the multitude of her tendrils.
+
+12 Bat she was plucked up in fury, to the
+ground was she cast down, and the east wind
+dried up her fruit : and torn off and dried up
+were her strong branches, a fire consumed
+them.
+
+13 And now is she planted in the wilder-
+ness, in a dry and thirsty land.
+
+
+• /. e. King of Judah.
+
+'' Rashi, taking vnijoSiX from rniJOTN. Others, in the
+literal sense, "he violated their widows." Zunz, "he
+searched through their palaces," Philippson, "ho broke
+into," &c.
+
+
+14 And fire is gone out of a l)ranch of her
+boughs, and liatii devoured her fruit, .so that
+there is no more on her a strong branch for a
+sceptre to rule. This is a lamentation, and
+it is become a lamentation.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^ And it came to j^ass in the seventh
+year, in the fifth month, on the tenth day of
+the month, that certain men of the elders of
+Israel came to inquire of the Lord, and they
+sat down before me.
+
+2 T] And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+3 Son of man, speak unto the elders of Is-
+rael, and say unto them, Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal. Is it to inquire of me that ye
+are coming? as I live, I will not let myself
+be inquired of by you, saith the Lord Eter-
+nal.
+
+4 Wilt thou take them to task, wilt thou
+take them to task, son of man? then cause
+them to know the abominations of their
+fathers ;
+
+5 And say unto them. Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal, On the day when I made choice
+of Israel, I lifted up my hand unto the seed
+of the house of Jacob, and I made myself
+known unto them in the land of Egypt : and
+I lifted up my hand unto them, sa3-ing, I am
+the Lord your God.
+
+6 On the same day I lifted up my hand
+unto them, to bring them fortli from the land
+of Egypt into a land that I luxd selected" for
+them, flowing with milk and honey, which is
+an ornament' among all the countries.
+
+7 And I said unto them, Cast ye away
+ever}' one the abominations of his eyes, and
+on the idols of Egypt shall ye not defile j-'our-
+selves ; I am the Lord your God.
+
+8 But they rebelled against me, and they
+would not hearken unto me; the}^ did not
+cast away every one the abominations of their
+eyes, and the idols of Egypt did they not for-
+sake : and I thought then to pour out my
+fury over them, to let out all my anger
+against them in the midst of the land of
+Egypt.
+
+
+° Zunz. Jonathan, "chains."
+
+^ Rashi.
+
+" Lit. "spied out."
+
+' /. r. It excels in beauty and fruitfulness.
+
+
+611
+
+
+EZEKIEL XX.
+
+
+9 But I acted for the isake of my name, so
+as not to profane it before the eyes of the na-
+tions, in the midst of wliom they were ; be-
+cause I had made myself known unto tliem
+before their eyes, to bring them forth out of
+the land of E^ypt.
+
+10 I therefore caused them to go forth out
+of the land of Egypt, and brought them into
+the wilderness.
+
+11 And I gave them mj' statutes, and my
+ordinances made I known to them, which a
+man is to do, fhat he may live through them.
+
+12 And also my sabljaths gave I unto
+them, to be as a sign between me and be-
+tween them, that they miglit know that I
+am the Lord who sanctify them.
+
+13 But the house of Israel rebelled against
+me in the wilderness ; in my statutes they
+walked not, and my ordinances they despised,
+which a man is to do, that he may live
+through them; and my sabbaths they greatly
+profaned : and I then tliought to pour out my
+fury over them in the wilderness, to make an
+end of them.
+
+14 But I acted for the sake of my name,
+so as not to profane it before the eyes of the
+nations, before whose eyes I had brought
+them forth.
+
+15 Yet did I also lift up my hand unto
+them in the wilderness, that I would not
+bring them into the land which I had given
+(them), flowing with milk and honey, which
+is an ornament among all the countries.
+
+16 Because my ordinances they had de-
+spised, and in my statutes they had not walk-
+ed, and my sabbaths they had profaned; for
+after their idols did their heart go.
+
+17 Nevertheless my eye looked pityingly
+on them, so as not to destroy them, and I did
+not make an end of them in the wilderness.
+
+18 And I said unto their children in the
+wilderness, In the statutes of 3'our fathers
+shall ye not walk, and their ordinances shall
+ye not keep, and on their idols shall ye not
+deflle yourselves.
+
+
+" Raslii, after Jonathan; meaning, as they had wilfully
+rebelled, God permitted thcni to follow their evil inclina-
+tions, till the measure of their sin was completed, and
+their destruction followed, as told in our hi.story. Zunz
+and Pliilippson take it in the light, tiiat to the sinners
+the law is a means of ]iuiii>hment, as its transgression
+Iji'ings painful consequences; wherefore the translation of
+Dr. P. is as follows: — "And I also gave th(>m laws which
+til 2
+
+
+19 I am the Lord your God: in my sta-
+tutes must ye walk, and my ordinances must
+ye keep, and do them;
+
+20 And my sabbaths must ye sanctity;
+and they shall be as a sign between me and
+between you, that ye may know that I am
+the Lord jour God.
+
+21 Nevertheless the cliildren rebelled
+against me; in my statutes did the}- not
+walk, and my ordinances they kept not to do
+them, which a man is to do, that he may live
+through them ; my sabbaths they profaned :
+and I then thought to pour out my fury over
+them, to let out all my anger against them in
+the wilderness.
+
+22 But I withdrew my hand, and acted
+for the sake of my name, so as not to profane
+it before the eyes of the nations, before whose
+eyes I had brought them forth.
+
+23 I also lifted up my hand unto them in
+the wilderness, that I would scatter them
+among the nations, and disperse them through
+the countries;
+
+24 Because my, ordinances they had not
+executed, and my statutes they had despised,
+and my sabbaths they had profaned, and after
+the idols of their fathers their eyes were di-
+rected.
+
+25 And I also let them follow'' statutes
+that were not good, and oi'dinances whereby
+they could not live;
+
+26 And I let them be defiled though their
+gifts, in tluxt they caused to pass (through
+the fire) all that openeth the womb, in order
+that 1 miglit destroy them, to the end that
+they might know that I am the Lord.
+
+27 Therefore, speak unto the house of Is-
+rael, 0 son of nnm, and say unto them. Thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal, Yet in tliis too
+did your fathers blaspheme me, by their com-
+mitting a trespass against me:
+
+28 When I had brought them into the
+land, for which I had lifted up my hand to
+give it to them, the}' saw every liigli hill, and
+all the thick-branched trees, and they ottei'ed
+
+
+were injurious (to them), and ordinances through which
+they did not live; and 1 made them unclean through
+their gifts, when they set apart all that opened the womb,"
+&c. : taking Ti^'n^ "as setting aside," not "as causing to
+pass (through the fire)," as given by Ilashi. But both
+constructions, though apparently so dift'ercnt, have at
+last tije same bearing, since to the pious the law of God
+lirings happiness and life, not evil and death.
+
+
+KZEKIEL XX. XXI.
+
+
+there their sacrifices, and [iresented there
+their provoking offerings, and they brought
+there their sweet savour, and poured out
+there their drink-offerings.
+
+29 Then said I unto them, Wliat is this
+high-phice wliereuuto ye go? And its name
+was called "The height"" until this day.
+
+oU •[ Therefore say unto the house of Is-
+rael, Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Ila!
+do you pollute yourselves after the manner of
+your fathers; and after their al)ominations do
+3-e go astray?
+
+31 And when ye offer up your gifts, when
+ye make your sons pass through the fire,
+ye pollute yourselves with all your idols, even
+until this dav': and I should allow nwself to
+be inquired of by you, 0 house of Israel? As
+I live, saith the Lord Eternal, I will not let
+myself l)e inquired of by 3'ou.
+
+32 And that which cometh up into your
+mind shall not at all come to pass, (namely,)
+that ye say. We will be like the nations, like
+the families of the (other) countries, to serve
+wood and stone.
+
+33 As I live, saith the Lord Eternal, surely,
+with a mighty hand, and with an outstretch-
+ed arm, and with fury poured out, will I rule
+over you :
+
+34 And I Avill bring you out from the peo-
+ple, and I will gather you out of the countries
+wherein ye are scattered, with a mighty hand,
+and with an outstretched arm. and with (my)
+fury poured out.
+
+35 And I will bring you into the wilder-
+ness of the people, and I will hold judgment
+over you there, hice to face.
+
+36 As I held judgment over your fathers
+in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so will
+I hold judgment over you, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+37 And I will cause you to pass under the
+rod, and I will bring you into the bond*" of the
+covenant ;
+
+38 And I will separate from you those that
+have rebelled, and those that have transgressed
+against me : out of the country where they
+
+* Rashi, " An expression of disgrace ; it is nothing but a
+high-place," ('. p. no regular altar. l*hilippson, " Wo to
+the high-place where ye stand together."
+
+" Rashi, " the covenant which I have delivered to you."
+Lit. "the delivery of the covenant."
+
+° Meaning, if they will serve idols let them not come
+hypocritically to inquire after God's word, and set aside
+offerings and serve their abominations.
+
+
+sojourn will I cause them to go forth, hut
+into the land of Israel shall not one (of them)
+enter; and ye shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+39 As for you, O house of Israel, thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal, Go ye, serve ye
+every one his idols, and hereafter (also), if
+ye will not hearken unto me; but my holy
+name do not profane any more with ^our
+gifts, and with your idols.''
+
+40 For on my holy mountain, on the moun-
+tain of the height of Israel, saith tlie Lord
+Eternal, there shall serve me all the house of
+Israel, altogether, in the land: there will I
+accept them in favour, and there will I re-
+quire your heave-offerings, and the first-fruits
+of your oblations, with all your holy things.
+
+41 \ With your sweet savour will I accept
+you in favour, when I bring 30U out from the
+people, and gather you out of the countries
+wherein ye have been scattered: and I will
+be sanctified through you before the eyes of
+the nations.
+
+42 And ye shall know that I am the Loiui,
+when I bring you into the land of Israel, into
+the country for which I have lifted up m^'
+hand to give it to yowx iathers.
+
+43 And ye shall remember there your
+ways, and all ^our doings, whereby ye have
+been defiled; and ye shall loathe yourselves,
+because of all your evil deeds that ye have
+committed.
+
+44 And ye shall know that I am the Lokd,
+when I deal with j'ou for the sake of my
+name, not in accordance with your wicked
+ways, and in accordance with your corrupt
+doings, 0 ye house of Israel, saith the Loi'd
+Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XXL'
+
+1 ]y And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, set thy face in the direction
+toward the south,'' and preach*^ toward the
+south, and prophesy against the forest" of
+the field in the south.
+
+^ The English version commences chap. xxi. at verse (!.
+
+" Toward Judea, which lies to the south of ^Jesopota-
+mia, where the prophet then dwelt.
+
+' Lit. " let drop," /. e. the prophecy or speech.
+
+* "Toward my sanctuary, which shall be hereafter like
+a forest and a tield for foxes to walk therein." — Rashi.
+Others, "Jerusalem." Philippson, "Palestine," because
+its mountains are in many places covered with forests.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXi.
+
+
+3 And say to the forest of the south, Hear
+the word of the Lord, Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal, Behold, I will kindle a fire in
+thee, and it shall devour in thee every green
+tree, and every dry tree: the glowing flame
+shall not be quenched, and there shall be
+burnt therein all faces" from the south to
+the north.
+
+4 And all flesh shall see that I the Lord
+have kindled it: it shall not be quenched.
+
+5 Then said I, Ah Lord Eternal! they
+say of me, Behold, he speaketh but in para-
+bles!
+
+6 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+7 Son of man, direct thy fiice toward Jeru-
+salem, and preach toward the holy places,
+and prophesy against the land of Israel,
+
+8 And say to the land of Israel, Thus hath
+said the Lord, Behold, I will be against thee,
+and will draw forth my sword out of its
+sheath : and I will cut off from thee the right-
+eous and the wicked.
+
+9 But because I shall have cut off from
+thee the righteous and the wicked: therefore
+shall my sword go forth out of its sheath
+against all flesh from the south to the north ;
+
+10 That all flesh may know that I the
+Lord have drawn forth my sword out of its
+sheath; it shall not return any more.
+
+11 ^ But thou, son of man, do thou sigh:
+as though with broken loins,'' and with bitter-
+ness (of grief) shalt thou sigh before their
+eyes.
+
+12 And it shall be, when they say unto
+thee. Wherefore sighest thou ? that thou shalt
+say. For the report, because it cometh, when
+
+" Philippson, after Sohnurrer, "the whole surface."
+
+'' When a person is deeply grieved it is difficult for him
+to keep erect, as though his loins were broken.
+
+"After llabbi Jonah, who renders in "or," as TX
+"how."
+
+^ Rashi. Lit. "despiseth," ('. c. disregards the blow of
+any wood or tree, it being harder than all. The sense is
+• — "How can we rejoice at the view of the coming sword,
+when the punishment which i.s to befall Israel shall be
+irresistible, overcoming all obstacles which can be
+brought to oppose it ?" lledak, " We cannot rejoice at the
+coming sword, which we hope will come against our ene-
+mies; for it is gone forth to cut down the staff of my son,
+and disregardeth every tree to fell the same." Philipp-
+son takes the whole of this apostrophe, as also verse 18,
+as a parenthesis, or soliloquy of the prophet, in view of the
+coming evil.
+
+' ]{asl)i, "(he assembly of nations coMir to tlie sword."
+
+an
+
+
+every heart shall melt, and all hands shall be
+made feeble, and every spirit shall become
+faint, and all knees shall be changed into wa-
+ter: behold, it cometh, and sliall be brought
+to pass, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+13 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+14 Son of man, prophesy, and say. Thus
+hath said the Lord, Say, The sword, the
+sword is sharpened, and also polished ;
+
+15 In order to make a thorough slaughter
+is it sharpened; in order that it may glitter
+is it polished : how'" can we now rejoice, (when)
+the rod which reacheth my son excelleth in
+hardness'' every tree ?
+
+16 And he hath given it to Ije polished, to
+make it fit to grasp it in the hand : it is the
+sword which is sharpened, and it is polished,
+to place it into the hand of the slayer.
+
+17 Cry aloud and wail, 0 son of man; for
+it cometh against my people, it cometh against
+all the princes of Israel; brought together"
+for the sword are they with my people : there-
+fore strike (thy hand) upon thy thigh.
+
+18 For a purification taketh place: and
+what if the irresistible rod will also come?
+(my son) would not be able to exist,' saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+19 ^ But thou, son of man, prophesy,
+and strike thy hands together, and let " The
+sword" be repeated the third" time, the sword
+of the slain : it is the sword of the great that
+are slain, which lieth in wait for them every-
+where.""
+
+20 In order to make timid the heart, and to
+multiply the stumbling-blocks, do I bring the
+howling' of the sword against all their gates :
+
+
+Zunz, "assembled together for the sword;" and in this
+sense have we translated. Philippson, after Rabbi Jonah,
+"struck down with," &e.
+
+' After Rashi, who applies nTl" N^ " he shall not be"
+or "remain in existence" to "my son," spoken of in
+verse 15. Philippson, however, "For a purification (must
+take place), and what, if even the irresistible rod were
+not to be ?" meaning, the people must be tried and puri-
+fied, if even the present threatened punishment should
+not be sent. The verso is exceedingly difficult in its con-
+struction.
+
+* It is already twice spoken of in verse 9, and now the
+third time.
+
+'' Rashi, "which pursueth you whithersoever you go
+forth, even in the most secret chambers.
+
+'Others, "slaughter;" but Rashi makes it the eflfect
+of the slaughter, the complaining of the wounded and sur-
+vivors.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXI. XXir.
+
+
+ah ! it is made bright, it is made thin-edged
+for the slaughter.
+
+21 Gather up thy strength," go to the right
+hand, direct thyself, go to the left, whither-
+soever thy edge is turned.
+
+22 And I also. — I will strike my hands
+togetlier, and I will cause m\' fury to be
+assuaged : I the Lord have spoken it.
+
+23 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+24 But thou, 0 son of man, appoint thee
+two ways, that the sword of the king of Baljy-
+lon may come; out of one land shall both
+of them come forth: and select a place: at
+the head of the way to a cit>' do thou se-
+lect it.
+
+25 A way shalt thou appoint, that the
+sword may come against Eabbah of the chil-
+dren of 'Amnion, and (the other) against
+Judah (dwelling) in Jerusalem the forti-
+fied.
+
+2G For the king of Babylon hath halted
+at the parting of the way, at the commence-
+ment of the two ways, to use divination : he
+shaketh the** arrows, he consulteth with
+images, he looketh at the liver.
+
+27 At his right hand was the divination
+for Jerusalem, to erect battering-rams, to
+open the mouth with the (crj- for) murder,
+to lift up the voice with shouting, to place
+battering-rams against the gates, to east up a
+mound, and to build works of attack.
+
+28 And it will appear unto them as a false
+divination in their eyes, to those that had
+sworn" oaths ; but he will bring to remem-
+brance their inicjuity, that they may be
+cau"ht.
+
+29 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Because ye have brought your ini-
+quity to remembrance, as your transgressions
+are discovered, so that your sins do appear in
+all your doings: because ye are thus brought
+to remembrance, ye shall be caught by (his)
+hand.
+
+30 T[ And thou, death-deserving wicked
+one, prince of Israel, wdiose day is come, at
+the time of the iniquity of the'' end, —
+
+31 ][ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Remove the mitre, and take off the crown :
+
+* Address to the sword.
+
+' ?'. e. Emploj's various means of divination.
+
+° Jonathan, "forty-nine times hath he divined."
+
+'' Uashi, "when the measure is full and the last iniquity
+
+
+this shall not be always so; exalt hiiii that is
+low, and make him low that is high.
+
+32 Overthrown, overthrown, overthrown
+will I render it:" also this shall not belong (tc
+any one), until he come whose right it is,
+and I will give it him.
+
+33 ^[ And thou, son of man, prophesy, and
+say, Thus hath said the Lord Eternal con-
+cerning the children of 'Amnion, and concern-
+ing their reproach : even say thou, The sword,
+the sword is drawn; for the slaughter is it
+polished, to destroy, that it may continue to
+glitter;
+
+34 While they foresee unto thee falsehood,
+while they divine unto thee lies, to lay thee
+by the necks of the slain wicked, whose day
+is come, at the time of the iniquity of the
+end.
+
+35 Put back (the sword) into its sheath !
+in the place where thou wast created, in the
+land of thv origin, will I iudge thee.
+
+36 And I will pour out over thee my in-
+dignation, with the fire of my wrath will I
+blow against thee, and I will give thee up
+into the hand of bruti.^h men, skilful in de-
+stroying.
+
+37 To the fire shalt thou be given to be
+devoured; thy blood shall be in the midst
+of the land: thou shalt nut l:)e rememliered
+(anymore); for I the Lord have spoken it.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying.
+
+2 And thou, son of man, wilt thou take to
+task, W'ilt thou take to task the city of blood?
+and wilt thou make her know all her abomi-
+nations?
+
+3 Then say thou. Thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, 0 city that sheddeth blood in her
+midst, that her time (of sorrow) may come,
+and that hath made idols for herself to be-
+come unclean :
+
+4 Through thy blood which thou hast shed,
+art thou become guilty; and through thy
+idols which thou hast made art thou become
+unclean ; and thou hast caused thy days (of
+destruction) to draw near, and thou art come
+even unto thy years; therefore do I make
+
+
+hath been perpetrated which lilleth it." Redak, " when the
+iniquity bringeth the end." Philippson, the punishment.
+' The crown; but its future return is promised when
+the true son of David comes.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXII
+
+
+thee a disgrace unto the nations, and a mock-
+ing to all the countries.
+
+5 Those who are near, and those who are
+far from thee, shall mock thee, 0 thou un-
+clean in name, and great in confusion !
+
+0 Behold, the princes of Israel were each
+(ready) with his arm within thee, in order to
+shed blood.
+
+7 Father and mother they esteemed lightly
+within thee, toward the stranger they acted
+with extortion in tlie midst of thee, the fa-
+therless and the widow they oppressed with-
+in thee.
+
+8 My holy tilings thou didst despise, and
+my sabbaths thou didst prof^me.
+
+9 Tale-bearers (also) were within thee, in
+order to shed l)lood; and upon the mountains
+did they eat within thee; incest did they
+commit in the midst of thee.
+
+10 Their father's nakedness they uncover-
+ed within thee; her that was unclean in her
+separation did they violate within thee.
+
+11 And one with his neighbour's wife did
+commit aliomination; and another did defile
+his dauiihter-in-law with incest ; and another
+did violate his sister, the daughter of his fa-
+ther, within thee.
+
+12 Bribes they took within thee, in order
+to shed blood ; interest and increase didst
+thou take, and thou didst accpiire gain off
+thy neighbours by extortion : and me thou
+didst forget, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+13 And behold, I have struck my hands
+together at thy wrongful gain which thou
+hast acquired, and at thy blood-guilt which
+hath been in the midst of thee.
+
+14 Will th}' courage* endure, or will thy
+liands remain strong, on the da^s that I will
+deal with thee? I the Lokd have spoken,
+and will do it.
+
+15 And I will scatter thee among the na-
+tions, and disperse thee in the countries, and
+I will entirely remove thy uncleanness out
+of thee.
+
+16 And thou slialt be degraded thi'ough
+thyself before the eyes of nations, and thou
+shalt know that I am the Lord.
+
+17 T[ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+18 Son of man, the house of Israel are be-
+come to me dross : tliey all are copper, and
+
+
+en;
+
+
+• Lit. "Will thy heart stand."
+
+
+tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the
+furnace ; the dross of silver are they become.
+
+19 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Because ye are all become dross,
+therefore, behold, 1 will gather you into the
+midst of Jerusalem.
+
+20 As silver, and copper, and iron, and
+lead, and tin are gathered into the midst of
+the furnace, to blow the fire upon it, to melt
+it: so will I gather you in my anger and in
+my fury, and I will lay you down there, and
+melt you.
+
+21 Yea, I will assemble you in a heap, and
+blow upon 30U with the fire of my wrath,
+and ye sluill be melted in the midst of it.
+
+22 As silver is melted in the midst of the
+furnace, so shall ye be melted in the midst of
+it: and ye shall know that I am the Lord
+who have poured out my fury over you.
+
+23 1[ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+24 Son of man, say unto her. Thou art a
+land that is not cleansed; (and) which is not
+rained upon on the day of indignation.
+
+25 The banded troop of her prophets in
+the midst of her is like a roaring lion that
+teareth in pieces the prey : souls do they de-
+vour; wealth and precious things do they
+take away; the number of her widows do
+they increase in the midst of her.
+
+20 Her priests violate my law, and j^rofane
+my holy things: between the holy and pro-
+fane do they make no distinction, and the
+difference between the unclean and the clean
+do they not make known, and from (the viola-
+tion of) my sabbaths do they turn away their
+eyes, so that I am profaned among them.
+
+27 Her princes in her midst are like wolves
+that tear in pieces tlie prey, to shed blood, to
+destroy souls, in order to obtain selfish gain.
+
+28 And her proi)hets plastered for them
+with unadhesive mortar, foreseeing falsehood,
+and divining unto them lies, saying. Thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal; when the Lord
+liad not spoken.
+
+29 The people of the land are guilty of ex-
+tortion, and practise robbery, and the poor
+and the needy they defraud : and they ex-
+tort from the stranger with injustice.
+
+30 And I seek now among them for a man,
+that could erect a fence, and stand in the
+breacli before me in behalf of the land. .'<o
+that I should not destroy it; but I find none.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+31 And I therefore pour out over them
+my indignation ; with tlie lire of my wrath
+do" I make an end of them : their own way
+do I bring upon their head, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, there were two women,
+the daughters of one mother ;
+
+;» And they played the harlot in Egypt;
+in their youth they played the harlot: there
+were their breasts pressed, and there thej'
+suffered their virgin bosoms to be touched.
+
+4 And their names were Aholah the elder,
+and Aholibah her sister; but they became
+mine, and they bore sons and daughters: and
+their names are, Samaria is Aholah, and Je-
+rusalem. Aholibah.
+
+5 And Aholah played the harlot while she
+was mine ; and she longed for her lovers, for
+the Assyrians that wei'e near'' (her),
+
+G Clothed (as they were) in blue, govern-
+ors, and rulers, attractive youths all of them,
+horsemen riding upon horses.
+
+7 Thus she played the harlot with them,
+all of them the chosen ones of the sons of
+Asshur : and with all for whom she longed,
+— with all their idols did she defde herself.
+
+8 But also her lewdness from Egypt forsook
+she not; for they had lain with her in her
+youth, and they had touched her virgin bosom,
+and liad lavished their lewd caresses on her.
+
+9 Therefore did I give her up into the
+hand of her lovers, into the hand of the sons
+of Asshur, after whom she longed.
+
+10 These were they that laid open her
+nakedness; her sons and her daughters did
+they take away, and her they slew with the
+sword : and she became infamous amouG; wo-
+men, when they inflicted the decreed punish-
+ments on her.
+
+11 And when her sister Aholibah saw this,
+she became more corrupt in her longing than
+she, and in her lewd acts more than her sis-
+ter's lewdness.
+
+
+* In the original the whole of this passage, beginning
+with verse 25, is in the past tense, though the destruction
+spoken of was just to commence; but to the prophet, as
+noticed already before, the past and the future are alike,
+the one actually known and the other sure to happen;
+wherefore the whole is given here in the present tense.
+The prophet, it will be seen, first speaks of the prophets,
+4C
+
+
+12 For the sons of Asshur did she long,
+the governors and rulers that were near,
+clothed as they were most gorgeously, horse-
+men riding upon horses, attractive youths all
+of them.
+
+13 Then saw I that she was defiled, that
+they followed both one way.
+
+14 But she added still more to her acts of
+lewdness ; for when she saw men engraved
+upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans
+portrayed with colour,
+
+15 Bound with girdles on their loins, with
+hanging down coloured turbans on their
+heads, in appearance like commanders, all of
+them, in the likeness of the sons of Babylon
+of the Chaldeans, the land of their birth :
+
+16 Then did she long for them as soon as
+she saw them with her eyes, and she sent
+messengers unto them to Chaldea.
+
+17 And the sons of Babylon came to her
+unto the couch of love, and they defiled her
+with their lewd caresses ; and (yet) when she
+had been defiled with them, she tore her soul
+away from them.
+
+18 And when she had laid open her lewd-
+ness, and had uncovered her nakedness: then
+my soul t(ire itself away from her, as my soul
+had torn itself away from her sister.
+
+19 Yet she multiplied her deeds of lewd-
+ness, in calling to remembrance the days of
+her youth, when she had played the harlot
+in the land of Egypt.
+
+20 And she longed for their paramours,
+whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose
+lustfulness is like the lustfulness of horses.
+
+21 And thou calledst to mind the incest of
+thy youth, when thy bosom was touched by
+the Egyptians for the sake of thy youthful
+breasts.
+
+22 T[ Therefore, 0 Aholibah, thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, Behold, I will wake
+up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy
+soul hath torn itself away, and I will bring
+them against thee from every side ;
+
+23 The sons of Babylon, and all the Chal-
+deans, Pekod,"' and Shoa, and Koa, and all the
+sons of Asshur with them, attractive youths.
+
+
+then the priests, nest the princes, again of the deceivers
+by divination, and at hist the common people, thus indi-
+cating the general corruption of manners, which is farther
+exhibited in the next chapter.
+
+'' Rashi. Zunz, "warriors."
+
+° Rashi, "superintcudeiits, priests, and rulers."
+
+017
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXIII.
+
+
+governors and rulers all of them, commanders
+and chiels,'' riding upon horses all of them.
+
+24 And they shall come over thee with
+weapons,'' chariots, and wheels, and with an
+assembly of people, buckler and shield and
+helmet shall they set up against thee round
+about : and I will give up before them the
+riglit to judge, and they shall judge thee ac-
+cording to their ordinances.
+
+25 And I will set m^' zealousness against
+thee, and they shall deal with thee in fury ;
+thy nose and thy ears shall they cut oiF; and
+what is left of thee shall fall by the sword :
+thy sons and thy daughters shall they take
+away; and what is left of thee shall be de-
+voured by the fire.
+
+26 And they shall strip thee of thy clothes,
+and take away thy ornamental attire.
+
+27 Thus will I make thy incest to cease
+from thee, and thy lewdness brought from
+the land of Egypt: and thou shalt not lift up
+thy eyes unto them, and Egypt shalt thou
+not remember any more.
+
+28 ]f For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Behold, I will give thee up into the hand of
+those whom thou hatest, into the hand of
+those from whom thy soul hath torn itself
+away;
+
+29 And they shall deal with thee in hate,
+and shall take away all (things acquired by)
+thy labour, and they shall leave thee naked
+and bare: and thus shall be uncovered the
+nakedness of thy lewdness, and thy incest
+and thy lewd deeds.
+
+30 1 will do these things unto thee, be-
+cause thou hast gone witli vile lust after the
+nations, because thou hast defiled thyself with
+their idols.
+
+31 On the way of thy sister hast thou
+walked ; therefore will I place her cup" into
+thy hand.
+
+32 1[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+The cup of thy sister shalt thou drink, the
+deep and wide one : thou shalt become to be
+
+
+* Lit. " those called," i. e. to public assemblies as popu-
+lar representatives.
+
+'' Kashi, "witli numerous hosts to hedge them in, as
+with a thorn-hedye."
+
+" i. e. The .same punishment shall befall both.
+
+^ Rashi. Others refer the cud of the verse to tlie cup,
+and render it, "it containeth niueli." Zunz, "so us to
+hi Id much."
+
+" Zunz and l'hilipp.son connect this with "shalt thou
+drink" — the cup of astonisiiment; regarding the oom-
+018
+
+
+laughed to scorn and to be held in derision,
+more than thou canst bear."*
+
+33 With drunkenness and sorrow shalt
+thou be filled, (out of)" the cup of astonish-
+ment and confusion, the cup of thy sister Sar
+niaria.
+
+34 Thou shalt even drink it and drain it
+out, and thou shalt break in pieces its frag-
+ments, and tear thy own breasts; for I have
+spoken it, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+35 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Because thou hast forgotten me, and
+east me behind thy back: therefore bear thou
+also thy incest and thy acts of lewdness.
+
+30 ^i The Lord said moreover unto me.
+Son of man, wilt thou call Aholah and Aholi-
+bah to account? then tell them of their abo-
+minations ;
+
+37 That they have committed adultery,
+and there is blood on their hands, and with
+their idols have they committed adultery, and
+also their sons whom they had born unto me
+have they caused to pass for them through
+(the fire), to devour them.
+
+38 Moreover this have they done unto me :
+they have defiled ray sanctuary on the same
+day, and my sabbaths have they proianed.
+
+39 And when they had slain their children
+to their idols, then came they into my sanc-
+tuary on the same day to profane it: and, lo,
+thus have they done in the midst of my
+house.
+
+40 And farthermore yet, because they sent
+for men who were to come from aftir, unto
+whom messengers were sent; and, lo, they
+came, for whom*^ thou didst bathe thyself, paint
+thy eyes, and deck thyself with ornaments;
+
+41 And thou didst sit upon a stately bed,
+with a table spread before it, and my incense
+and my oil didst thou set upon it.
+
+42 And the shout of a peaceful joyous mul-
+titude was (heard) within her; and with the
+men of the masses of the common people were
+brought Sabeans^ from the wilderness; and
+
+mencement of the verse as a mere parenthesis, describ-
+ing the effect of the drinking.
+
+' Jonathan, "and they came to the place thou hadst
+assigned for them, while thou hadst," &c.
+
+* Jonathan, simply, "those who surrounded tliem."
+Others, "drunkards;" thus, "and with the men of the
+mas.ses of the common people came drunkards, brought
+from the wilderness," which description tits exactly to the
+orgies of the idolaters, where licentiousness was mingled
+in their mysteries and solemn festivities.
+
+
+EZEKTEL XXIII. XXIY
+
+these women placed bracelets on their hands,
+and crowns of f^lory upon their heads.
+
+43 Then tliought I of her that was worn
+out in adulteries, Will they now (still) com-
+mit lewdness with her, when she (is thus)?"
+
+44 But men went in unto her, as they go
+ill unto a taithless wife: thus went they in
+unto Aholah and unto Aholibah, the incestu-
+ous women.
+
+45 Righteous men. however — these shall
+judge them as adulteresses are judged, and
+as women that shed l)lood are judged; be-
+cause adulteresses are they, and blood is on
+their hands.
+
+46 For thus hath said the Lord Eternal, I
+will bring up against them an assemblage of
+men, and I will give tliem up to ill-usage and
+plunder.
+
+47 And the assemblage shall stone them
+with stones, and cut them down with their
+swords: their sons and their daughters shall
+they slay, and their houses shall they burn
+with fire.
+
+48 Thus will I cause incest to cease out
+of the land, that all women may be warned
+by example, and not do after your incestuous
+course.
+
+49 And they shall lay your incest upon
+you, and the sins of your idols shall ye bear :
+and ye shall know that I am the Lord Eter-
+nal.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me in the ninth year, in the tenth month, on
+the tenth day of the month, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, write thee down the name
+of this day, of this same day: the king of
+Babylon hath advanced against Jerusalem on
+this same day.
+
+3 And speak concerning the rebellious
+family a parable, and say unto them. Thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal, Set on the pot, set
+it on, and also pour water into it;
+
+4 Gather the proper pieces into it, every
+good piece, the thigh, and the shoulder; fill
+it up with the choice bones.
+
+5 Take the choice of the flock, and make
+
+* Philippson. Rashi, "now will her lewdness cease;
+but she remaineth at her practices."
+
+' Kashi. Jonathan, "filth." Septuagint, "rust." The
+word, however, is of uncertain derivation.
+
+' i. c. Let one after the other portion of the people of
+
+
+also a fire for the bones under it: cause it to
+seethe well, that even the bones therein may
+be fully boiled through.
+
+6 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Wo to the city of blood-guiltiness,
+to the pot the scum'' of which is' yet in it,
+and the scum of which is not gone out of it!
+one of its pieces' after the other take out
+from it : no lot is cast for it.
+
+7 For her blood was in the midst of her;
+on the naked rock did she i)lace it : she
+poured it not upon the ground, to cover it
+over with dust.
+
+8 To cause my fury to arise to take ven-
+geance, do I place her blood upon the naked
+rock, so that it shall not be covei'ed up.
+
+9 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Wo to the city of blood-guiltiness!
+I also will myself build up a large burning
+pile,
+
+10 Heaping on the wood, kindling the
+fire, thoroughly boiling the flesh, and stir-
+ring the mixture, that the bones may be
+scorched.
+
+11 Then will I set it empty upon its
+coals, in order that it may become hot, and
+its copper l)e made to glow, and its unclean-
+ness may he molten in it, that its scum may
+be consumed.
+
+12 With fraud hath she wearied (the poor);
+therefore shall not go forth from her the great-
+ness of her scum : through fire shall her scum
+(be removed).''
+
+13 In thy uncleanness is (thy) incest; be-
+cause I endeavoured to cleanse thee, and
+thou wouldst not be clean, thou shalt not be
+cleansed from thy uncleanness any more,
+until I have assuaged my fury on thee.
+
+14 I the Lord have spoken it; it cometh
+to pass, and I will do it; I will not recall my
+decree, and I will not have pity, nor will I
+repent: according to thy ways, and according
+to thy doings, shall men judge thee, saith the
+Lord Eternal.
+
+15 ^ And the word of the Lord came to
+me, saying,
+
+16 Son of man, behold, I will take away
+from thee the desire of thy eyes by a sudden
+
+
+Jerusalem (the pieces in the pot) be all carried away,
+without casting lot, as none shall be left.
+
+^ This verse is given after Eashi. Others, "In vain is
+the labour; the multitude of its rust (or .-^oum) will not
+depart from it," &c.
+
+619
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXIV. XXV.
+
+
+death ; but thou shalt neither mourn nor
+weep, nor shalt thou shed a tear."
+
+17 Sigh in silence,'' make no mourning for
+the deceased, thy bonnet bind around thy
+head, and thy shoes put on thy feet, and cover
+not thyself to thy upper lip, and eat not the
+bread of (other)" men.
+
+18 And when I had spoken unto the peo-
+ple in the morning, my wife died at evening:
+and I did in the morning as I had been com-
+manded.
+
+19 And the people said unto me, Wilt thou
+not tell us what these things mean for us,
+that thou doest so?
+
+20 And I said unto them, The word of the
+Lord came unto me, saying,
+
+21 Speak unto the house of Israel, Thus
+liath said the Lord Eternal, Behold, I will
+protane my sanctuary, the pride of your
+strength, the desire of your eyes, and the
+darling'' of jour soul: and your sons and your
+daughters whom ye have left behind shall
+fall by the sword.
+
+22 And ye shall do as I have done : ye
+shall not cover yourselves to your upper lip,
+and the bread of other men shall ye not eat.
+
+23 And 3'Our bonnets shall be around your
+heads, and your shoes shall be on your feet :
+ye sliall not mourn nor shall ye weep; but
+ye sliall jiine away in your iniquities, and
+groan, looking one at the other.
+
+24 Thus shall Ezekiel be unto you for a
+token ; in accordance with all that he hath
+done shall ye do : when this cometh, then
+shall ye know that I am the Lord Eternal.
+
+25 ^ Also, thou son of man, behold, on
+the day when I take from them their strong-
+hold, the joy of their glory, the desire of their
+eyes, and the coveted object of their soul, their
+sons and their daughters, ��
+
+20 On that day there shall come one that
+hath escaped unto thee, and announce it to
+thy ears.
+
+27 On that day shall thy mouth be open-
+ed tlirough him that hath escaped, and thou
+shalt speak, and thou shalt not be silenced
+
+
+" Lit. "nor sliall thy tear come."
+
+'' Raslii, "leave oif sighing."
+
+° Alluding to the custcim that the niournor prepares
+not his own food, hut has it sent to him from (jtlicr houses;
+this verse also gives us indie;itions how uidurning was
+kept in the lime of Ezekiel.
+
+'' Ijit. "the sparing," or that whieh one would reserve
+C20
+
+
+any more :' and thou shalt be a token unto
+them, and they shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 Tl And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, set thy face against the sons
+of 'Amnion, and prophesy against them ;
+
+3 And say unto the sons of 'Amnion, Hear
+ye the word of the Loi'd Eternal, Thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, Because thou hast
+said. Aha, concerning my sanctuary, when it
+was profaned; and concerning the land of Is-
+rael, when it was made desolate; and con-
+cerning the house of Judah, when they went
+into exile :
+
+4 Therefore, behold, I Avill give thee up to
+the children of the east for a possession, and
+they shall set up their towers^ in thee, and
+place in thee their dwellings; they shall in-
+deed eat thy fruit, and they shall surely drink
+thy milk.
+
+5 And I will change Kabbah into a pasture
+for camels, and (the land of) the .sons of 'Am-
+mon into a resting-place for flocks : and ye
+shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+6 ^ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Whereas thou didst clap thy hands, and
+stamp with thy feet, and rejoice with all thy
+derision in the soul over the land of Israel :
+
+7 Therefore, behold, will I stretch out my
+hand over thee, and will give thee up for a
+spoil to the nations; and I will cut thee off
+from the people, and I will cause thee to
+perish out of the countries; I will destroy
+thee, and thou shalt know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+8 Tl Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Be-
+cause Moab and Se'ir do say. Behold, the
+house of Judah is like all the nations:
+
+9 Therefore, behold, I will open the side
+of Moilb from the cities, from his cities on his
+frontiers, the glory of the country, Beth-lia-
+yeshimoth, Ba'al-me'on, and Kiryathayim,
+
+10 Unto the children of the east (coming)
+
+
+at every price — here the temple, which was so reverenced
+notwithstanding the people's sinning.
+
+" See chap. iii. 26; but now, when all the prophecy has
+been verified, then shall the prophet have no more occa-
+sion to keep silence, but speak and admonish without re-
+straint.
+
+' Zun%, "sheej)folds," Eng. ver. "p.Tlnces."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXV. XXVI.
+
+
+against the sons of 'Amnion, and I will give
+them in possession ; in order that the sons
+of 'Amnion may not be remembered among
+the nations.
+
+11 And on Moab will I execute judgments:
+and they shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+12 Tf" Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Because the Edomites have acted revengefully
+against the house of Judali, and have greatly
+offended, and have taken vengeance* on
+them :
+
+lo Therefore thus hath said the Lord Eter-
+nal, I will also stretch out my hand against
+Edom, and cut off from it man and beast;
+and I will make it a ruined land from The-
+man; and they of Dedan shall fall by the
+sword.
+
+14 And I will display my vengeance on
+Edom by the hand of my people Israel ; and
+they shall do in Edom according to my anger
+and according to my fury: and they shall
+feel my vengeance, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+15 1j Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Because the Philistines have acted in revenge,
+and have taken vengeance with derision in
+their soul, to destroy out of ancient enmity :
+
+16 Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I will stretch out my hand
+against the Philistines, and I will cut off the
+Kerethim, and destroy the remnant of the
+(dwellers) of the sea-coast.
+
+17 And I will execute on them great ven-
+geances with furious chastisements: and they
+shall know that I am the Lord, when I dis-
+play my vengeance on them.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass in the eleventh
+year, on the first day of the month,'^' that the
+word of the Lord came unto me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, because Tyre hath said con-
+cerning Jerusalem, Aha, she is broken that
+was the gates of the people; she'' is turned
+unto me; I shall be made full, now she is
+laid in ruins:
+
+3 Therefore tlius hath said the Lcjrd Eter-
+nal, Behold, I am against thee, 0 Tyre, and
+
+' Zunz, "and when they suffered for their guilt exe-
+cuted revenge against them."
+
+^ The month is not given; hence, some think it the
+first, others the fourth, when Jerusalem was destroj-ed.
+
+° Rashi, "now the commerce of nations will be turned
+to me."
+
+
+will bring up against thee many nations, as
+the sea causeth its Avaves to come up.
+
+4 And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre,
+and pull down her towers: I Avill also flood
+away her earth from her, and I will change
+her into a naked rock.
+
+5 A place for the spreading out of nets
+shall she be in the midst of the sea; for I
+liave spoken it, saith the Lord Eternal: and
+she shall become a spoil to the nations.
+
+6 And her daughtei's that are in the field
+shall be slain with the sword: and thev shall
+know that I am the Lord.
+
+7 ^ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Behold, I will bring against Tyre Nebuchad-
+rezzar the king of Babylon, from the north,
+the king of kings, with horses, and with cha-
+riots, and with horsemen, and an assemblage,
+and a numerous people.
+
+8 Thy daughters in the field will he slay
+with the sword : and he shall place around
+thee works of attack, and cast up against
+thee a mound, and erect against thee a tar-
+get-fence.'^
+
+9 And his catapults shall he set against
+thy walls, and thy towers shall he break
+down with his axes.
+
+10 By reason of the abundance of his horses
+shall the dust they raise cover thee: by reason
+of the noi.se of horsemen, and wheels, and
+chariots, shall thy walls quake, when he en-
+teretli into thy gates, as men' enter into a
+city that is liroken in.
+
+11 With the hoofs of his horses shall he
+tread down all thy streets: thy people will
+he slay with the sword, and the statues'' of
+thy strength shall come down to the ground.
+
+12 And they shall plunder thy riches, and
+make a spoil of thy merchandise; and they
+shall break down thy walls, and thy jjleasure-
+houses shall they pull down : and thy stones
+and thy timber and thy earth shall they
+throw into the midst of the water.^
+
+13 And I will cause the sound of thy songs
+to cease : and the tones of thy harj)s shall not
+be heard any more.
+
+14 And I wall change thee into a naked
+
+
+"* A warlike mauceuvre, whore the soldiers interlocked
+their shields when they went to attack — testudo.
+
+° Zunz, "as through the passages into," &c.
+
+' i. c. Of the idols un which they relied as their strength.
+
+* Although this prophecy was not at once fulfilled, the
+present state of Tvre (Sur) is jii strict accordance.
+
+631
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXVI. XXVII.
+
+
+rock; a place to spread out nets upon shalt
+thou be; thou shalt not be rebuilt any more;
+for I the Lord have spoken it, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+15 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal
+to Tyro, Truly at the noise of thy fall,
+when the deadly wounded whine, when the
+slaughter taketh place in the midst of thee,
+shall the islands quake.
+
+10 Then shall all the princes of the sea
+come down from their thrones, and lay aside
+their robes, and their broidered garments
+shall they put oft': with trembling shall they
+clothe themselves; upon the ground shall
+they sit, and shall tremble at every moment,''
+and be astonished concerning thee.
+
+17 And they shall lift up over thee a la-
+mentation, and say to thee, How art thou
+lost, that wast inhabited (safely) by reason
+of the seas:'' 0 renowned city, which was
+strong on the sea, she and her inhabitants,
+who caused their terror to be on all that dwelt
+around her!"
+
+18 Now shall the isles tremble on the day
+of thy fall; yea, the isles that are in the sea
+shall be troubled at thy end.**
+
+19 ^[ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+When I render thee a ruined city, like the
+cities that are not inhabited; when I bring
+up over thee the deep, and when the great
+waters cover thee :
+
+20 Then will I l)ring thee down with
+those that descend into the pit, unto the
+people of olden time, and I will cause thee
+to dwell in the land of the nether world,
+among ruins of ancient days, with those that
+go down to the pit, in order that thou mayest
+not he inhabited; but I will bestow glory in
+the land of life.
+
+21 As though thou hadst not been" will I
+render thee, and thou shalt be no more: and
+thou shalt be sought for, but thou shalt never
+be found any more to eternity, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+
+* Raslii, "they shall dread for their own downfall."
+Zunz, "shall tremble with affright."
+
+* Rashi. Others, "inhabited by men who navigate the
+seas."
+
+* Rashi ; butRedak, "all who dwell on (Eug. ver. htiniit)
+the sea."
+
+'' Lit. "going forth," i. c out of the world.
+
+'Jonathan. Zuuz, "an unsubstantial thing will I
+make thee, and thou slialt pass away." Philippsou,
+"suddenly will 1 annihilate thee," &c.
+G22
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 But thou, 0 son of man, take up a lor
+mentation for Tyre;
+
+3 And say unto Tyre, 0 thou that art
+situated at the entrances of the sea, the mer-
+chant of the people unto many isles. Thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal, 0 Tyre, thou
+hast indeed said, I am perfect in Ijeauty.
+
+4 In the heart of the seas were thy bounda-
+ries,*^ thy builders had perfected thy beauty.
+
+5 Of the fir-trees from Senir had the}' built
+thee all thy wood-work : cedars from Lebanon
+had they taken to make masts for thee.
+
+6 Of the oaks of Bashan had they made
+th}' oars; thy rudder^ had they made inlaid
+with ivory of boxwood, brought out of the
+isles of the Kittim.
+
+7 Fine linen with broidered work from
+Egypt was thy flag'' to be unto thee a sign :
+of blue and purple from the isles of Elishah
+was thy cover.'
+
+8 The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad
+were thy oarsmen: thy wise men, 0 Tjre,
+that were in thee, these were thy pilots.
+
+9 The elders of Gebal and her wise men
+were in thee thy caulkers :'' all the ships of
+the sea with their mariners were in thee to
+carry on thy commerce.
+
+10 They of Persia' and of Lud and of Put
+were in thy army, thy men of war : the shield
+and the helmet did they hang up in thee;
+these gave thee thy elegance.
+
+11 The men of Arvad with th}' aiiu\ were
+upon thy walls round iibout, and the Gamma-
+dim were in thy towers: their quivers'" they
+hung upon th}' walls round about; these
+made perfect thy beauty.
+
+12 Tharshish was tl'iy
+the abundance of all kind
+
+
+through
+
+
+markets.
+
+
+tin, and lead,
+
+
+merchant
+
+of wealth: with sil-
+
+the^' supplied thy
+
+
+' Alluding to new Tyre, which was built on an island.
+
+* Rashi. D'^K'^! n3 is given by Zunz with "Bath-ashu-
+rim;" thus, "of ivory of Bath-ashurim."
+
+'' Philippson, the flag being the distinguishing token of
+nationality. Rashi and others, "sails."
+
+' A sort of tent over the ship.
+
+'' Lit. "the strengtheners of thy leak."
+
+' Meaning, that as the rough sea labour was performed
+by foreigners, so were the soldiers also hired from abroad.
+
+° Others, "shields."
+
+
+13 Javan, Thubal, and Meshech, these were
+thy merchants : with the persons of men and
+vessels of copper they carried on thy com-
+merce.
+
+14 They of the family of Thogarmah fur-
+nished thy supplies in horses and horsemen
+and mules.
+
+15 The men of Dedan were thy merchants;
+many isles fetched the merchandise from thy
+place: chamois horns, ivory, and ebony" did
+they bring as presents for thee.
+
+16 S^ria was thy trader b}' reason of the
+multitude of thy productions : with emeralds,
+purple, and broidered work, and fine linen,
+and coral, and rubies they made deposits in
+thy treasuries.''
+
+17 Judah, and the land of Israel, these
+were thy merchants : in wheat of Minnith, and
+balsam," and honey, and oil, and balm they
+carried on thy commerce.
+
+18 Damascus was thy trader in the mul-
+titude of thy productions, for the multitude of
+all wealth, with the wine of Chelbon, and
+white wool.
+
+19 Dan also and Javan brought silken goods
+into thy warehouses: hardened iron, cassia,
+and calamus came among thy commerce.
+
+20 Dedan was thy merchant in precious
+clothes for riding on.
+
+21 Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar,
+these were the traders of thy place in lambs,
+and wethers, and he-goats : in these were they
+thv traders.
+
+22 The merchants of Sheba and Ra'mah,
+— these were thy merchants: in the best of
+all spices, and with all precious stones, and
+gold, they furnished thy supplies.
+
+2.3 Charan, and Canneh, and 'Eden, the
+merchants of Sheba, Asshur, (and) Kilmad,
+were thy merchants.
+
+24 These were thy merchants in orna-
+mental wares, in cloaks of l)lue, and broid-
+ered work, and in chests of damask cloth,
+bound with cords, and packed in cedar, in
+thy market-])lace.
+
+25 The ships of Thanshish were thy cara-
+vans in thy commerce: and tliou wast made
+full, and becamest very rich in the heart of
+the seas.
+
+
+' Rashi, "peacocks."
+
+'' Jonathan. Others, " tliey traded in thy markets,"
+or " fairs."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXVII. XXVIII.
+
+26 Into
+
+
+great ^atei-s
+
+
+lirought
+
+
+thee those
+that were thy rowers: the east wi)ul hath
+broken thee in the heart of the seas.''
+
+27 Thy wealth, and tliy warehouses, thy
+commerce, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy
+caulkers, and the conductors of thy commerce,
+and all thy men of war that were in thee,
+and in all thy assemblage which was in the
+midst of thee, fell into the heart of the seas
+on the Any of thy downflill.
+
+28 At the sound of the painful cry of thy
+pilots quake (thy) rural districts.
+
+29 And all that handle the oar, the mari-
+ners, and all the pilots of the sea, come down
+from tlieir ships, the\' stand upon the land;
+
+30 And cause their voice to be heard con-
+cerning thee, and cry bitterly, and cast up
+dust upon their heads, thej- wallow in the
+ashes ;
+
+31 And they make themselves utterly bald
+for thee, and gird themselves with sackcloth,
+and they weep for thee with bitterness of heart
+in a bitter complaint.
+
+32 And they take in their wailing a la-
+mentation for thee, and lament over thee,
+saying, Who is like Tyre, who is so utterly
+destroyed in the midst of the sea?
+
+33 When thy supplies went forth out of
+the seas, thou didst satisty many people: with
+the multitude of thy wealth and of thy com-
+merce thou didst enrich the kings of the
+earth.
+
+34 (Now) at the time thou art broken by
+the seas in the depths of the waters, thy com-
+merce and all thy assemblage fell in the midst
+of thee.
+
+35 All the inhabitants of the isles ai'e as-
+tonished at thee, and the hair of their kings
+stand at an end, grieved are their counte-
+nances.
+
+36 The traders among the people shall hiss
+concerning thee : thou wast rendered as though
+thou hadst not been, and thou shalt not be any
+more for ever.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, say unto the prince of Tyre,
+
+
+° Rashi. Jonathan, "sweet cakes."
+^ The prophet describes Tyre as though she suffered
+shipwreck after being afloat on the water.
+
+623
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXVIII.
+
+
+Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Whereas
+thy heart was lifted up, and thou saidst, A
+god am I, on the seat of the gods do I dwell,
+in the heart of the seas ; yet thou art but a
+man, and not God, while thou esteemest* thy
+mind equal to the mind of God ;
+
+3 Behold, thou wast** wiser than Daniel;
+no secret was obscure to thee;
+
+4 With thy wisdom and with thy under-
+standing hadst thou gotten thee riches, and
+hadst gotten gold and silver into thy treasuries ;
+
+5 By the abundance of thy wisdom in thy
+traffic hadst thou increased thy I'iches; and
+thy heart was lifted up because of thy riches :
+
+6 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Because thou hast esteemed thy
+mind equal to the mind of God,
+
+7 Therefore, behold, will I bring over thee
+strangers, the fiercest of nations; and they
+shall draw their swords against the beauty"
+of thy wisdom, and they shall pi'ofane thy
+elegance.
+
+8 Down to the grave will they cast thee,
+and thou shalt die the deaths of the slain in
+the heart of the seas.
+
+9 Wilt thou then say, I am God, before
+him that slayeth thee? when thou art but a
+man, and no God, in the hand of him that
+fatally woundeth thee.
+
+10 The deaths of the uncircumcised shalt
+thou die by the hand of strangers ; for I have
+spoken it, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+11^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+12 Son of man, take up a lamentation con-
+cerning the king of Tyre, and say unto him,
+Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Thou wast
+complete in outline,*^ full of wisdom, and per-
+fect in beauty.
+
+13 In 'Eden the garden of God didst thou
+abide; every precious stone was thy covering,
+the sardius, the topaz, and the diamond, the
+chrysolite, the onyx, and the jasper, the sap-
+lihire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and
+gold; thy tabrets and thy flutes of artificial
+
+
+° Lit. "settest thy heart as the heart of God."
+
+' All this is ironical; the king of Tyre had thought
+himself wiser than all, even Daniel.
+
+" I. e. The works of art and elegance produced by Tyre's
+wisdom.
+
+'' Rashi, "Thou art full of wisdom to seal and engrave
+any picture and form."
+
+° The prophet represents the king of Tyre as received
+at his birth with the sound of mu.tic,
+624
+
+
+workmanship were prepared in thee on the
+day that thou wast created."
+
+14 Thou wast a cherub with outspread
+covering (wings); and I had set thee upon
+the holy mountain of God (as) thou wast;'
+in the midst of the stones of fire didst thou
+wander.^
+
+15 Perfect wast thou in thy ways from the
+day that thou wast created, till wickedness
+was found in thee.
+
+16 By the abundance of thy commerce
+thou wast filled to thy centre with violence,
+and thou didst sin: therefore I degraded thee
+out of the mountain of God; and I destroyed
+thee, 0 covering cherub, from the midst of
+the stones of fire.
+
+17 Thy heart was lifted up through tby
+beauty, thou didst corrupt thy wisdom by-
+reason of thy elegance: (therefore) I cast
+thee down to the ground, before kings did I
+set thee that they might gaze on thee.
+
+18 Through the abundance of thy iniquities,
+through the wickedness of thy commerce
+didst thou profane thy sanctuaries : therefore
+brought I forth fire from the midst of thee,
+this devoured thee, and I changed thee to
+ashes upon the earth before the eyes of all
+those that saw thee.
+
+19 All that know thee among the people
+are astonished concerning thee: thou art as
+though thou hadst not been, and thou shalt
+not be any more for ever.
+
+20 ][ And the word of the Lord came to
+me, saying,
+
+21 Son of man, set thy face against Zidon,
+and prophesy against it,
+
+22 And thou shalt say. Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal, Behold, I am against thee, O
+Zidon, and I will Ije honoured in the midst
+of thee: and they shall know that I am the
+Lord, Avhen I execute judgments on her, and
+will be sanctified on her.
+
+23 And I will send out against her pesti-
+lence, and blood (-shedding) into her streets;
+and the deadly wounded shall be felled'' in
+
+
+' Alluding to Hiram aiding Solomon in the building of
+the temple. Philippsou renders n'Tl as nvnS "I set thee
+to be ou the mountain of God." So also llashi. The
+Tyrians also were at first friends of Israel.
+
+* Philippsou explains this, ''covered with a blaze nf
+precious stones."
+
+' Jonathan. Rashi, "they shall cxpi'ct that there shall
+be men slain by the sword," or "adjudge themselves to
+be slain," &c.
+
+
+BAKL;CH Wlx'Il IX( V iHli 1 WOl-'HKC IKS t)K J KKK.MI^M I
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXVIII. XXIX.
+
+
+the midst of her by the sword (that is) against
+her from every side: and they shall know-
+that I am the Lokd.
+
+24 And there shall be no more unto the
+house of Israel a pricking brier, nor painful
+thorn from all that are round about them,
+that despoil" them: and they shall know that
+I am the Lord Eternal.
+
+25 T[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+When I gather the house of Israel from the
+people among whom they are scattered, and*"
+shall be sanctified on them before the eyes of
+the nations : then shall they dwell in their
+land that I have given to my servant Jacol).
+
+20 And they shall dwell thereupon in safe-
+ty, and they shall build houses, and plant
+vineyards; yea, they shall dwell in safety;
+when I execute judgments on all those that
+despoiled them from round about them: and
+they shall know that I am the Lord their
+God.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ^f In the tenth year, in the tenth month,
+0)1 the twelfth day of the month, came the
+word of the Lord unto me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, set thy face against Pha-
+raoh the king of Egypt, and prophesy against
+him, and against all Egypt.
+
+3 Speak and say. Thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I will be against thee, 0
+Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great crocodile
+that lieth in the midst of his streams, who
+liath said. Mine is my stream, and I have
+made it for mjself
+
+4 But I will put hooks in thy jaws, and I
+will fasten the fish of th}' streams on thy
+scales ; and I will bring thee up out of the
+midst of thy streams, with all the fish of thy
+streams whicli .shall stick fast on thy scales.
+
+5 And I will cast thee out into the wilder-
+ness, thee with all the fish of thy streams;
+upon the open field shalt thou tall; thou shalt
+not be brought in, nor gathered up: to the
+
+
+Othe
+
+
+'that
+
+
+" llaslii. Zuiiz, "that assail them
+despise them."
+
+'' Zunz, "then will I be, &c.— and they shall dwell."
+
+*■ See also Isaiah xxxvi. 6. This means, as little sup-
+port as a common fragile reed would be if a man were to
+lean on it, as he would do on a stout oaken or other
+tirm staff.
+
+■* i. e. Those who thought tliey could rest their feeble
+limbs upon this prop had, notwithstanding their weakness,
+41)
+
+
+beasts of the Held and to the fowls of the
+heaven have I given thee for food.
+
+6 And all the inhabitants of Egypt shall
+know that I am the Lord; because they have
+been a reed-staff'^ to the house of Israel.
+
+7 When they took hold of thee witli the
+hand, thou wast cracked, and didst rend for
+tliemTiTI the shoulder: and when they leaned
+upon thee, thou wast broken, and madest all
+their loins to be at a stand."
+
+8 Tl Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I will Ijring a sword upon
+thee, and I will cut ofi" out t)f thee man and
+beast.
+
+9 And the land of Egypt shall be changed
+into a waste and ruin, and tliey shall know
+that I am the Lord; because he hath said,
+The stream is mine, and I have made it.
+
+10 Therefore, behold, I will be against
+thee, and against thy streams, and I will
+render the land of Egypt a mass of ruins, a
+waste, and a wilderness, from Migdol to Se-
+veneh'' even up to the l)order of Ethiojiia.
+
+11 There shall not pass through it the foot
+of man, and the foot of beast shall not pass
+through it, and it shall not be inhabited forty
+years.
+
+12 And I will render the land of Egypt ii
+desolate land in the midst of desolated coun-
+tries, and her cities among the cities thtit are
+ruined shall be desolate forty years: and I
+will scatter the Egyptians among the nations,
+and will disperse them through the countries.
+
+13 Tf For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+(only) at the end of forty years will I gather
+the Egyptians from the people whither they
+shall have been scattered;
+
+14 And I will bring back the captivity of
+Egypt, and will cause them to return into the
+land t)f Pathi'os, into the land of their own
+origin: and tliey shall be there an unimport-
+ant kino'dom.
+
+15 Among the kingdoms it shall be the
+lowest ;'^ neither shall it rai.se itself any more
+
+
+to strengthen themselves, to stand erect. ()thers read for
+rno;?ni "thou causedst to stand," rni'Om "thou eausedst
+to be out of joint."
+
+° i. e. From Migdol, the northern, toSe^ei.jh, tlio south-
+ern boundary, called by the Greeks, Syene, now Assouan.
+
+' The population of ancient Egypt ha.s entirely disap-
+peared, and those that rule there now arc aliens to the
+soil. The Copts themselves are scarcely tb.e u'imixed de-
+scendants of the former inhabitants.
+
+1)25
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXIX. XXX.
+
+
+above the nations : and I will diminish them,
+that they shall no more rule over the na-
+tions.
+
+l(j And it shall be no more unto the house
+of Israel for a dependence, bringing (their)
+iniquity to remembrance, when they turned'
+after them: and they shall know that I am
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+17 ^[ And it came to pass in the seven
+and twentieth year, in the first month, on the
+first of the month, that the word of the Lord
+came unto me, saying,
+
+18 Son of man, Nebuchadrezzar the king
+of Babylon hath caused his army to perform a
+great service* against Tyre; every head hath
+been made bald, and every shoulder hath
+been rubbed sore : yet no reward hath come
+to him or to his army from Tyre, for the ser-
+vice that he hath performed against it.
+
+19 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I will give unto Nelmchad-
+rezzar the king of Babjdon the land of
+Egypt; and he shall carry away its multi-
+tude, and take its spoil, and plunder its prey:
+and this shall be the reward ibr his army.
+
+20 As his recompense for that which he
+hath .served against it, have I "iven him the
+land of Egypt, ibr that which they had done
+against" me, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+21 On that day'' will I cause to grow a
+horn tor the house of Israel, and unto thee
+will 1 open the mouth" in the midst of them:
+and they shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 Tf And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, prophesy and say, Thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal, Wail ye. Wo unto
+the day!
+
+o For nigh is the day, yea nigh is the day
+of the Lord; a cloudy day; the time of the
+nations' (misfortune) shall it be.
+
+4 And the sword shall come into Egypt,
+and there shall be trembling in Ethiopia,
+
+' i. e. Seeking succnur from Egypt, as was often done
+in the later period of the kingdom of Judah. (Compare
+with Exod. xiv. 13; Deut. xvii. 16.)
+
+'' Tie besieged it thirteen years after eoiiqucring Jeru-
+.^aUnii, without taking it.
+
+' Jonathan; i. e. the sin the Egyptians had committed.
+Otiiers, "bccanse tlicy ( Nebiichaiinc/.ziir and his army)
+have laboured for me;" /. c. in besieging Tyre.
+626
+
+
+when the slain fall in Egypt, aiii when tliey
+take away its multitude, and its foundations
+shall be broken down.
+
+5 Ethiopia, and Put, and Lud, and all the
+confederates, and Cub, and all the men of the
+leagued land, shall lall with them l)y the
+sword.
+
+6 T[ Thus hath said the Lord, Yea, there
+shall fall those that uphold Egypt; and there
+shall come down the pride of her strength:
+from Migdol to Seveneh shall they fall in her
+by the sword, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+7 And they shall be made desolate in the
+midst of the desolate countries, and its cities
+shall be counted in the midst of the cities
+that have been laid in ruins.
+
+8 And they shall know that I am the
+Lord, when I set fire*^ to Egypt, and when all
+her helpers shall be broken.
+
+9 On that day shall messengers go l()rth
+from my presence in ships to terrify the secure
+Ethiopians, and there shall be tremljling
+among them, as on the day of Egypt ; lor, lo,
+it Cometh.
+
+10 TI Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+I will also cause the multitude of Egypt to
+cease through the hand of Nebuchadrezzar
+the king of Babylon.
+
+11 He and his people with him, the fiercest
+of nations, shall be brought to destroy the
+land; and they shall draw their swords
+against Egypt, and they shall fill the land
+with the slain.
+
+12 And I will render the streams dry, and
+sell the land into the hand of e\il men; and
+I will make the land desolate, and all that
+filleth it, by the hand of strangers: I the
+Lord have spoken it.
+
+13 ]f Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+I will also destroy the idols, and I will cause
+false gods to cease out of Noph ; and a prince
+out of the land of Egypt slndl there not be
+any more: and I will lay tear on the land of
+Egypt.
+
+14 And I will make Pathros desolate, and
+
+
+'' Philippson supposes this to mean an indefinite fu-
+ture consolation of Israel. We may add, as sure as the
+humbling of Egypt took place, which was soon verified, so
+sure shall lie the restoration of Israel.
+
+' Lit. "give the opening of the mouth;" meaning, the
+prophet shall be able to refer to the accomplishment as
+the verification of his mission.
+
+' Fire signifies destruction through invading enemies.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXX. XXXI.
+
+
+set fire to Zo'an; and I will execute judg-
+ments in No.
+
+15 And I will pour my fury over Sin, the
+stronghold of Eg}pt; and I will cut oft" the
+multitude of No.
+
+16 And I will set fire to Egypt : Sin .shall
+have great pain, and No shall Ije broken in,
+and (over) Noph shall the besiegers (prevail)
+by broad day."
+
+17 The voung men of Aven and of Pi-bes-
+seth shall foil by the sword : and they them-
+selves shall go into captivity.
+
+18 And at Thechaphneches the day shall
+be darkened, when I break there the yoke-
+bars of Egypt, and the pride of her strength
+ceaseth therein : as for her, a cloud shall
+cover her, and her daughters shall go into
+captivity.
+
+19 Thus will I execute judgments on
+Egypt: and they shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+20 ^ And it came to pass in the eleventh
+year, in the first month, on the seventh day
+of the month, that the word of the Lord came
+unto me, saying,
+
+21 Son of man, the arm of Pharaoh the
+king of Egypt have I broken; and, lo, it shall
+not be bound up to apply remedies, to put on
+a bandage to bind it up, to make it strong
+that it may grasp the sword.
+
+22 ][ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Behold, I will be against Pliaroah
+the king of Egypt, and will break his arms,
+both the strong, and that which was already
+broken ; and 1 will cause the sword to foil
+out of his hand.
+
+23 And I will scatter the Egyptians among
+the nations, and I will disperse them through
+the countries.
+
+24 And I will strengthen the arms of the
+king of Babylon, and I will put my sword in
+his hand; but I will break the arms of PIkv
+raoh, and he shall groan, with the groanings
+of a deadly wounded man before him.
+
+25 Yea I will make strong'' the arms of the
+king of Babylon, but the arms of Pharaoh
+
+
+° /. e. They shall not come by stratagem, but by open
+and daring assault. Rashi, "daily;" thus, the besiegers
+shall come against it day after day.
+
+*■ Meaning, the reuiaiuing inhabitants other than the
+young men who have fa.Uen in battle.
+
+° Rashi renders this, "I will uphold."
+
+^ Meaning, because Egypt is to be punished for wrong
+
+
+shall fall down : and they shall know that I
+am the Lord, when 1 place my sword'' into
+the hand of the king of Babylon, that he may
+stretch it out over the land of Egypt.
+
+26 And I will scatter the Egyptians among
+the nations, and disperse them among the
+covnitries : and they shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass in the eleventh
+year, in the third month, on the first day
+of the month, that the word of the Lord came
+unto me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, say unto Pharaoh the king
+of Egypt, and to his multitude, Unto whom
+art thou like in thy arrogance?
+
+3 Behold, Asshur was a cedar in Lebanon
+beautiful in its boughs, and a shadt)wing
+thicket, and high in stature; and among the
+thick-boughed trees was its highest branch.
+
+4 The waters made it great, the deep made
+it high, with its rivers'" it wtis flowing round
+the place where it was planted, and its ditches
+it sent forth unto all the trees of the field.
+
+5 Therefore became its stature higher than
+all the trees of the field, and its boughs were
+multiplied, and its branches became long be-
+cause of the multitude of waters, when it
+stretched itself forth.
+
+6 In its boughs made all the fowls of hetv
+ven their nest, and under its branches did all
+the beasts of the field bring forth their young,
+and under its shade dwelt all great nations.
+
+7 And it was Ix'autiful in its greatness, in
+the length of its light branches; for its root
+was by many waters.
+
+8 The cedars could not obscure it in the
+garden of God; the firs were not like its
+boughs, and the chestnut-trees were not like
+its branches: not any tree in the garden of
+God was like luito it in its beauty.
+
+9 Beautiful had I made it by the multitude
+of its light branches : so that all the trees of
+'Eden that were in the garden of God, en-
+vied it.
+
+
+done against God's people, Nebuchadnezzar wields in his
+wars the sword of God, not his own; as indeed the Scriptures
+always represent the events they record as God's acts.
+
+" i. e. The deep, with the ri'-e-p it produced, flowed
+around this cedar, and the ditv^nos thence derived for ir-
+rigation extended the superabund-'jicc. of the water to aU
+other trees near it.
+
+627
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXI. XXXII.
+
+
+10 ]| Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Because thou wast so high in sta-
+ture, and it had placed its highest branch be-
+tween the thick-boug.hed trees, and its heart
+was lifted up through its height:
+
+11 Therefore do I give it up into the hand
+of the mighty one of the nations; he shall
+surely deal with it at his pleasure; for its
+wickedness do I drive it out.
+
+12 And strangers, the fiercest of nations,
+cut it down, and cast it to the ground: on
+the mountains and in all the vallejs fall its
+light branches, and its boughs are (lying)
+broken in all the ravines of the land; and
+all the people of the earth are gone away
+from its shade, and have cast it to the
+
+gTOUud.
+
+13 Upon its fallen fragments dwell all the
+fowls of the heaven, and on its branches are
+all the beasts of the field :
+
+14 In oi'der that none of all the trees by
+the waters shall exalt themselves for their
+height, nor place their highest branch among
+the thick-boughcd trees, and that all those that
+are nourished" by Avater shall not place them-
+selves erect, because of their height ; for they
+are all given up unto death, to the land of
+the nether world, in the midst of the children
+of men, with those that go down to the pit.
+
+15 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+On the day when it went down to the grave I
+caused a mourning; I covered the deep for its
+•sake, and I restrained its rivers, and the great
+waters were withheld : and I caused Lebanon
+to be clothed in black attire for its sake, and
+all the trees of the field were famished be-
+cause of it.
+
+16 Through the noise of its downfall I
+caused nations to quake, when I cast it down
+into the tomb Avith the (others) that descend
+into the pit: and in the land of the nether
+world comforted themselves'' all the trees of
+'Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all
+that were nourished by water.
+
+17 They also went down Avith it into the
+tomb unto those that were slain with the
+sword, and its helpers that had dwelt under
+its shade ni the midst of the nations.
+
+" Lit. "all the water-drinkers;" a uietaphoric expres-
+sion for trees which die without wator.
+
+'' Those which had ah-eady f':dlc'ii now rejoice at the
+downfall of the OeJn.T (As,syria) which had so terribly
+ruled over them. ^C. .■■pare with Isaiah xiii. and xiv.,
+concerning Babylon.)
+628
+
+
+18 To whom art thou then like in glory
+and in greatness among the trees of 'Eden ?
+And thou too shalt be brought down Avith
+the trees of 'Eden unto the land of the nether
+Avorld : in the midst of the uncircumcised
+shalt thou lie Avitli those slain by the sAvord ;
+yes, he, Pharaoh, and all his multitude, saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+1 T[ And it came to pass in the tAvelfth
+year, in the twelfth month, on the first day
+of the month, that the Avord of the Lord came
+unto me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, take up a lamentation for
+Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and say unto
+him. Thou didst deem thyself like a young
+lion among the nations: Avhile thou art as a
+crocodile in the seas; and thou issuedst forth
+Avith thy rivers, and madest turbid the Avaters
+Avith thy feet, and didst stir up their rivers.
+
+3 Tl Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, I
+Avill therefore spread out my net over thee
+through the assemblage of many people, and
+they shall draw thee up in my net.
+
+4 Then Avill I cast thee upon the land,
+upon the open field Avill I hurl thee, and will
+cause all the foAvls of the heaven to dAvell
+upon thee, and I Avill satisfy- oflf thee the
+beasts of all the earth.
+
+5 And I Avill lay thy flesh upon the moun-
+tains, and fill the valleys with thy carcass."'
+
+6 I Avill also saturate the land Avherein
+thou swimmest Avith thy blood, CA'en to the
+mountains; and the ravines shall be full of
+thee.
+
+7 And I will cover up the heavens. Avhen
+thou art quenched, and make their stars ob-
+scure: the sun AviU I cover up Avith a cloud,
+and the moon shall not let shine her light.
+
+8 All tlie light-dispensing lights of the hea-
+vens— these will I make obscure because of
+thee, and I will lay darkness upon thy land,
+saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+9 And I Avill aggrieve the heart of uuuiy
+people, Avhen I bring those Avho are broken''
+oflf from thee among the nations, into counti'ies
+Avhich thou hast not knoAvn.
+
+' Rashi, "those that are fiillen from thee." Others,
+cited by him, "thy worms;" ('. e. those that feed on the
+dead carcass.
+
+"Jonathan; meaning, the scattered remnants. Others,
+"when I bring the report of thy breach (downfall) among
+the nations."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXII.
+
+
+10 Yea, I will make many people amazed
+at thee, and on their kings the hair shall
+stand on end because of thee, when I brand-
+ish my sword before their faces: and they
+sliall tremble at every moment," every man
+for his own life, on the day of thy down-
+I'all.
+
+11 ][ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+The swoi'd of the king of Babylon sliall come
+over thee.
+
+12 By the swords of the mighty will I
+cause thy multitude to fall, the fiercest of na- ;
+tions are all of them : and they shall destroy
+the pride of Egypt, and all her multitude
+sliall be annihilated.
+
+13 And I will cause to vanish all her
+Ijeasts from beside the great waters; and the
+foot of man shall not make them turbid any
+more, nor shall the hoofs of beasts make them
+turbid.
+
+14 Then will I make clear their waters,
+and cause their rivers to flow like oil, saith
+the Lord Eternal;
+
+15 When I render the land of Egypt deso-
+late and wasted, the country bereft of what
+now filleth it, when I smite all those that
+dwell therein: and they shall know that I
+am the Lord.
+
+16 This is the lamentation wherewith they
+shall lament for her; the daugliters of the
+nations shall lament for her : for Egypt, and
+for all her multitude, shall they lament with it,
+saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+17 ^ And it came to pass in the twelfth
+3'ear, on the fifteenth day of the month,
+that the word of the Lord came unto me,
+saying,
+
+18 Son of man, moan for the multitude of
+Egypt, and say that it shall go down, yea,
+she, and the daughters of powerful nations,
+unto the land of the nether Avorld, with those
+that go down to the pit.
+
+19 Whom dost thou surpass in loveliness?
+go down (then), and be thou laid with the
+(other) uncircumcised.
+
+20 In the midst of those that are slain by
+
+
+" Others, "for their own dreaded misfortune."
+
+'' These are the words the other inhabitants of the lower
+
+world will speak concerning Pharaoh and his followers.
+
+"Uncircumcised," a term of reproach, as much "as the
+
+wicked," or "imperfect," "degraded."
+
+° Or "dismay;" but Rashi, "who caused a breach in
+
+the land of Israel."
+
+
+the sword shall they fall : to the sword is siie
+given up; drag her away and all her multi-
+tudes.
+
+21 Then will speak of him the strongest
+among the mighty out of the midst of the
+nether world with those that once helped him,
+They*" are gone down, there lie the uncircum-
+cised,— -slain by the sword.
+
+22 There is Asshur and all his assemblage;
+round about him ai-e his graves; all of them
+the slain that are fallen liy the sword;
+
+23 Whose graves are placed in the lowest
+depth of the pit, and his assemblage is roinid
+about his grave; all of them are slain, fallen
+by the sword, who once spread terror' in the
+land of the living.
+
+24 There is 'P^lam and all her multitude
+round al)out her grave, all of them the slain,
+that are fallen by the sword, who are gone
+down uncirciuiicised into the land of the
+nether world, who once spread their terror
+in the land of the living; and they have
+borne their confusion with those that go
+down to the jjit.
+
+25 In the midst of the slain have they .set
+a couch for her with all her multitude; all
+round about are her graves; all of them are
+uncircumcised, slain by the sword; because
+their terror was once spread in the land of
+the living; and they have borne their confu-
+sion with those that go down to the pit : in
+the midst of the slain was she placed.
+
+26 There is Meshech, Tliubal, and all her
+multitude; all round about her are her graves :
+all of them are the uncircumcised, slain by
+the sword; because they once spread their
+terror in the land of the living.
+
+27 And those who are fallen of the uncir-
+cumcised shall not lie with the mighty, who
+are gone down to the nether world with their
+weapons of war, while men laid their swords
+under their heads, and the (instruments* of)
+their iniquities were upon their bones ; for the
+terror of the mighty was in the land of the
+living.
+
+28 But thou shalt be broken in the midst
+
+
+* Zunz, who supplies "instruments" as parallel with
+"swords;" but Rashi, "there was nothing wanting of
+their iniquities, because they had not been slain; and
+what was their iniquity? for their terror," &c. The
+Scythians, like other barbarou.s nations, buried the armour
+of their deceased chiefs in tlicir graves, and even their
+wife, cook, minister, and favnurite horse.
+
+6-2i)
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXII. XXXIII.
+
+
+of the uncircumcised, and shalt lie with those
+that are shiin by the sword.
+
+29 There are Edom, her kings, and all her
+jDrinces, who are laid despite their prowess by
+those that are slain by the sword : they shall
+lie with the nncircuracised, and Avith those
+that go down to the pit.
+
+30 There are the chieftains of the north,
+all of them, and all the Zidonians, who are
+gone down with the slain : despite the terror
+the\' excited through their prowess are they
+made ashamed; and they lie uncircumcised
+with those that are slain by the sword, and
+bear their confusion with those that go down
+to the pit.
+
+31 These shall Pharaoh see, and he shall
+be comforted over all his multitude: slain by
+the sword are Pharaoh and all his army, saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+32 For I spread my terror in the land of
+the livins;; and he shall be laid in the midst
+of the uncircumcised with those that are slain
+by the sword, — yea, Pharaoh and all his
+multitude, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, speak to the children of thy
+people, and say unto them, If there be a land
+over which I bring the sword, and the people
+of the land take a man from anion 2; them-
+selves, and appoint him unto themselves for a
+watchman ;
+
+3 And if he see the sword coming over the
+land, and blow the cornet, and warn the peo-
+ple;
+
+4 And whosoever heareth the sound of the
+cornet, and taketh no warning; and the sword
+cometh, and taketh him away : his l)lood shall
+be upon his own head.
+
+5 The sound of the cornet hath he heard,
+and he hath taken no warning; his blood
+shall be upon liim. But had he taken warn-
+ing he would have delivered his soul.
+
+6 But if the watchman see the sword com-
+ing, and IjIow not the cornet, so that the peo-
+ple be not warned, and the sword cometh,
+and taketh away from among them some jier-
+son : this one is taken away for his iniquity ;
+but his blood will I require from the watch-
+man's hand.
+
+7 *[[ But as for thee, 0 son of man, I have
+
+
+appointed thee a watchman unto the house
+of Israel : so that when thou hearest a word
+from my mouth, thou shalt warn them from
+me.
+
+8 When I say unto the wicked, 0 wicked
+one, thou shalt surelj' die; and thou dost not
+speak to warn the wicked from his way : that
+wicked one shall die for his iniquity; l)ut his
+blood will I require from thy hand.
+
+9 Nevertheless, if thou hast indeed warned
+the wicked of his way to turn away from it,
+and he do not turn from his wa}- : he shall
+certainly die for his iniquity; but thou hast
+delivered thy soul.
+
+10 ^ But thou, 0 son of man, speak unto
+the house of Israel, Thus do ye speak, saying,
+Truly our transgressions and our sins are
+upon us, and through tliem do we pine away :
+how then shall we 1 ive ?
+
+11 Sa^' unto them. As I live, saith the
+Lord Eternal, I have no pleasure in the death
+of the wicked ; but in the return of the wick-
+ed from his way that he may live : return ye,
+return ye from your evil ways; for why will
+ye die, 0 house of Israel?
+
+12 ^ But thou, son of man, say unto the
+children of thy people, The righteousness of
+the righteous shall not deliver him on the
+day of his transgression ; and as for the wick-
+edness of the wicked, he shall not stumble
+through it on the day that he returneth from
+his wickedness; nor shall the righteous be
+able to live through the other on the day that
+he sinneth.
+
+13 When I say of the righteous, that he
+shall surely live, and he trusteth to his own
+righteousness, and committeth what is wrong:
+all his righteous deeds shall not be remember-
+ed, and for his wrong that he hath commit-
+ted,— through this shall he die.
+
+14 Again, when I say unto the wicked,
+Thou shalt surely die; and he turneth from
+his sin, and executeth justice and righteous-
+ness ;
+
+15 If the wicked restore the pledge, make
+restitution for what he hath robbed, walk in
+the statutes of life, so as not to do nii\' winng:
+he shall surely live, he shall not die.
+
+10 All his sins that he hath committed
+shall not be remembered unto him: justice
+and righteousness hath he executed, he shall
+surely live.
+
+17 Yet say the children of thy people,
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXIII. XXXIV
+
+
+TIiC ^^•ay of the Lord is not equitable: while,
+as to them, their way is not equitable.
+
+IS V/hen the righteous turneth away from
+his righteousness, and ddtli what is wrong, he
+shall even die therefor.
+
+19 And when the wicked returneth from
+his wickedness, and execute th justice and
+riaoL'-ousness, he shall surely live therefor.
+
+.'I" Vet ye say. The way of the Lord is not
+i-ouitable. Every one after his own ways
+will I judge you, O house of Israel.
+
+21 ^1 And it came to pass in the twelftli
+year, in the tenth month, on the fifth day of
+the month after our exile, that there came
+unto me one that had escaped out of Jerusa-
+lem, saying, The city hath been smitten.
+
+22 Now the inspiration of the Lord was
+come upon me in the evening, before the
+coming of the one who, had escaped; and he
+had opened my mouth, before he was come
+to me in the morning; and my mouth was
+opened and I was not kept dumb any more."
+
+23 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+24 Son of man, they that dwell in these
+ruins in the land of Israel say as foUoweth,
+But one man was Abraham, and he obtained
+the land as an inheritance ; and as we are
+many, the laud must (surely) be given to us
+for an inheritance.
+
+25 ^ Therefore say unto them. Thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, By the blood do ye eat,
+and your eyes do you lift up toward your
+idols, and blood do ye shed : and ye expect to
+possess the land?
+
+26 Ye depend upon your sword, ye commit
+abomination, and ye defile every one his
+neighbour's wife: and ye expect to possess
+the land?
+
+27 Thus slialt thou say unto them, Thus
+liath said the Lord Eternal, As I live, surely
+those that are in the ruined'' places shall fall
+by the sword, and him that is in the open
+field will I give to the beasts that they may
+devour him, and those that are in the strong-
+holds and in the caves shall die through the
+pestilence.
+
+28 And I will render the land desolate and
+
+
+* (See above, iii. 26, 27.) Now was the occasion come
+for the prophet to speak freely, as the aceomplishment
+had verified his previous predictions.
+
+"" Rashi, "the fortified cities, which shall ultimately be
+ruined."
+
+
+wasted, and the pn<le of her strengtli shall
+cease; and the mountains of Israel shall be
+desolate, with none to pass through them.
+
+29 And they shall experience that I am
+the Lord, when I render the land desolate
+and wasted, becau.se of all their ai)ominations
+which they have commited.
+
+30 ^] And thou, son of man, (there are)
+the children of thy people, who are talking
+about thee by the walls and in the entrances
+of the houses, and speak one to another, every
+one to his brother, sajing, Do come, and hear
+what the word is which cometli i()rtli from
+the Lord.
+
+31 And then they come unto thee as the
+people come," and they sit before thee (as)''
+my people, and they hear thy words, but do
+not execute them; for as meriy songs they
+carry them in their mouth, while their heart
+goeth after their unlawful gains.
+
+32 And, lo, thou art unto them as a merry
+song of one" that hath a pleasant voice, and
+can play well: and (thus) they hear thy
+words, but execute them not.
+
+33 But when it cometh to pass, (lo, it will
+come,) then shall they know that a prophet
+hath been among them.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, prophesy concerning the
+shepherds of Israel; prophesy, and say unto
+them, unto the shepherds. Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal, Wo to the shepherds of Israel
+who do feed themselves ! should not the shep-
+herds feed the flocks?
+
+3 The fat ye eat, and with the wool ye
+clothe yourselves, those that are well fed ye
+slaughter; but the flock ye feed not.
+
+4 The diseased have ye not strengthened,
+and the sick have ye not healed, and that
+which had a limb broken have ye not bound
+up, and the strayed have ye not brought back
+again, and what was lost have ye not sought
+for; but with force have ye ruled them and
+with rigour.
+
+5 And they were scattered for want of a
+
+° i.e. As Jonathan explains, "as disciples come to
+hear."
+
+* Rashi ; meaning, they pretend outwardly to care for
+what the prophet tells them in God's name.
+
+
+• After Rcdak.
+
+
+631
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXIV.
+
+
+shepherd; and thej became food unto all the
+beasts of the field, and they were scattered.
+
+6 My sheep have to wander about on all
+the mountains, and upon every high hill:
+yea, over all the face of the land are my flock
+scattered, and there is none that inquireth
+and none that seeketh (after tliem).
+
+7 Tlierefore, ye shepherds, hear the word
+of the Lord,
+
+8 As I live, saith the Lord Eternal, surely
+because my flock became a prey, and my flock
+became food unto every beast of the field, be-
+cause there was no shepherd, and my shep-
+herds did not inquire for my flock, but the
+shepherds fed themselves, and my flock they
+fed not:
+
+9 Therefore, 0 ye shepherds, hear the word
+of the Lord,
+
+10 Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Be-
+hold, I will be against the shepherds, and I
+will require my flock from their hand, and I
+Avill stop them from feeding the flock ; neither
+shall the shepherds feed themselves anymore:
+and I will deliver my flock out of their mouth,
+that they may not serve them for food.
+
+11 ^f For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Behold, I am here, and I will both inquire for
+my flocks, and search for them.
+
+12 As a shepherd searcheth for his flock
+on the day that he is among his flocks that
+are scattered : so will I search for my flocks ;
+and I will deliver them out of all places wlii-
+tlier they have been scattered on the day of
+clouds and (tempestuous) darkness.
+
+l-i And I will bring them out from the
+people, and gatlier them from the countries,
+and I will bring them to their own land ; and
+I will feed them upon the mountains of Israel,
+in the ravines, and in all tlie inlial)ited places
+of the country.
+
+14 On a good pasture will I feed them,
+and ujion the high mountains of Israel shall
+be their fold: there shall they lie in a good
+fbid, and in a fat pasture shall they feed on
+the'. ;r.ci:r-ains of Israel.
+
+15 I mj'self will feed my flock, and I my-
+self will cause them to lie down, saith the
+Lord Eternal.
+
+16 That which was lost will I seek for,
+and that which was gone astray will I bring
+
+
+" Meaning, the pruud anil jircsuniptunus, who injure
+tlic feeble, as the fat of the flock but against the weak.
+'' Zunz, "as it is proper."
+C32
+
+
+back again, and that which had a limb broken
+will I bind up, and the sick will I strengthen;
+but the fat and the strong" will I destroy; I
+will feed them in justice.''
+
+17 And as for you, 0 my flock, thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, Behold, I will judge
+between lamb" and lamb, between the wethers
+and the he-goats.
+
+18 Is it too little for you that ye can feed
+on the good ^jasture, that ye must tread down
+the residue of your pastures with your feet?
+and that ye can drink clear waters, that ye
+must render muddy with your feet what is
+left?
+
+19 And as for my flock, what ye have
+trodden with your feet must they eat; and
+what ye have made muddy with jour feet
+must they drink.
+
+20 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal unto them. Behold, I am here, and I
+will judge between the fat lamb and the lean
+lamb.
+
+21 Because ye thrust with side and with
+shoulder, and push with your horns all the
+diseased, till ye have scattered them abroad :
+
+22 Therefore w'ill I save my flock, and
+they shall no more be a prey; and I will
+judge between lamb and lamb.
+
+23 And I will appoint over them one shep-
+herd, and he shall feed them, namely, my
+servant David: he it is that shall feed them,
+and he it is that shall be unto them for a
+shepherd.
+
+24 And I the Lord — I will be unto them
+for a God, and my servant David shall be
+a prince in their midst: I the Lord have
+spoken it.
+
+25 And I will make with them a covenant
+of peace, and I will cause the wild beasts to
+cease out of the land: and they shall dwell in
+the wilderness in safety, and sleep in the
+forests.
+
+26 And I will make them and the environs
+of my hill a blessing; and I will cause the
+rain to come down in its season; rains'* of
+blessing shall they be.
+
+27 And the tree of the field shall yield its
+fruit, and the earth shall yield her products,
+and they shall be on their land in safety:
+and they shall know that I am the Lord,
+
+° Rashi, "between the powerful and the weak."
+'' Meaning, " whatever rains there shall be, shall be
+rains of blessings."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXIV. XXXV. XXX VI.
+
+
+wlien I break the baiuls of their yoke, and
+deliver them out of the liand of those that
+had made them hibour for them.
+
+28 And they shall be no more a prey to
+the nations, and the beasts of the land shall
+not devour them; but they shall dwell in
+safety, with none to make them afraid.
+
+29 And I will raise up for them a planta-
+tion for a (perpetual) renown, and they shall
+be no more taken away by hunger in the
+land, neither bear the shameful reproach of
+the nations any more.
+
+30 Thus shall they experience that I the
+Lord their God am with them, and that they,
+the house of Israel, are my people, saith the
+Lord Eternal.
+
+31 And ye my flock, the flock of my pas-
+ture, are men," (and) I am your God, saith the
+Lord Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, set thy face against the
+mountain of Se'ir, and prophesy against it,
+
+3 And say unto it. Thus liath said the
+Lord Eternal, Behold, I will be against thee,
+O mountain of Se'ir, and I will stretch out
+m}' hand over thee, and I will render thee
+desolate and wasted.
+
+4 Thy cities will I lay in ruins, and thou
+thyself shalt be desolate, and thou shalt
+know that I am the Lord.
+
+5 Because thou hast had an undying hatred,
+and didst surrender the children of Israel to
+the power of the sword, at the time of their
+calamity, at the time of the'' iniquity of the
+end:
+
+G Therefore, as I live, saith the Lord Eter-
+nal, I will surely let thy blood flow," and blood
+shall pursue thee; since thou didst not hate
+blood-shedding,'' so shall blood pursue thee.
+
+7 Thus will I change the mountain of Se'ir
+into a desolate land and a waste, and I will
+cut off' from it him that travelleth forward
+and backward.
+
+8 And I will fill his mountains with his
+
+
+* Raslii, "you are men, uot like cattle, in my eyes."
+Philippson, "Ye men of Israel are the flocks of my pas-
+ture." Zunz, "the sheep of my pasture (among) men
+ure ye."
+
+'' See above, xxi. 30.
+
+• Lit. "Into blood will I make thee."
+
+4 E
+
+
+slain : as regardeth thy hills, and thy valleys,
+and all thy ravines, in them shall fall those
+that are slain by the sword.
+
+9 Into perpetual desolations will I change
+thee, and thy cities shall not be restored: and
+ye shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+10 Because thou hast said. These two nar
+tions and these two countries shall indeed be
+mine, and we will take possession thereof;
+whereas the Lord was there :
+
+11 Therefore, as I live, saith the Lord
+God, I will even do according to thy anger,
+and according to thy envy which thou didst
+use out of thy hatred against them; and I
+will make myself known among them, when
+I judge thee.
+
+12 And thou shalt know that I am the
+Lord: I have heard all thy blasphemies
+which thou hast spoken against the moun-
+tains of Israel, saying, They are laid desolate,
+they are given unto us to consume them.
+
+13 And ye boasted" greatly against me with
+your mouth, and have multiplied against me
+your words : I have indeed heard them.
+
+14 Tf Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+When the whole earth rejoiceth, I will make
+thee desolate. '^
+
+15 As thou didst rejoice over the inherits
+ance of the house of Israel, because it was
+made desolate: so will I do unto thee; deso- '
+late shalt thou be, 0 mountain of Se'ir, and
+all Idumea — altogether; and they shall know
+that I am the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVL
+
+1 Tl But thou, son of man, prophesy unto
+the mountains of Israel, and say, 0 mountains
+of Israel, hear ye the word of the Lord.
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Be-
+cause the enemy hath said regarding you,
+Aha, even the ancient high-places are become
+ours as a possession :
+
+3 Tiierefore prophesy and say, Thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, Because, even because
+men have made you 'desolate, and sought to
+swallow you up on every side, that ye might
+become a possession unto the residue of the
+
+
+^ This is variously rendered by Rashi ; one opinion be-
+ing, "surely thou hast hated thy relations (thy own
+blood) and therefore," &c.
+
+' Lit. "made great."
+
+' Zunz, "When the whole land, now desolate, rejoiceth,
+
+then will I deal with thee."
+
+633
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXVI.
+
+
+nations, and ye are taken up as a talk for
+tongues, and an evil report of the people :
+
+4 Therefore, 0 mountains of Israel, hear
+ye the word of the Lord Eternal, Thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal to the mountains, and
+to the hills, to the ravines, and to the valleys,
+to the desolate ruins, and to the cities that
+are forsaken, which are become a prey and
+derision to the residue of the nations that are
+round about:
+
+5 ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Surely in the fire of my jealousy
+have I spoken against the residue of the na-
+tion?., and against all Idumea, that have
+appropriated my land unto themselves as a
+possession with the joy of all their heart, with
+derision in their soul, in order to drive it out
+that it may be for a pre}'.
+
+6 Therefore j^rophesy concerning the land
+of Israel, and say unto the mountains, and to
+the hills, to the ravines, and to the valle^ys,
+Tlius hath said the Lord Eternal, Behold, in
+my zealousness and in my fury have I spoken,
+because ye have borne the reproach of the
+nations :
+
+7 Tl Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, I have indeed lifted" up my hand,
+that the nations who are round about you —
+these shall bear their shame.
+
+8 But ye, 0 mountains of Israel, ye shall
+send forth your boughs, and your fruit shall
+ye bear for my people Israel; for they are
+near at hand to come.
+
+9 For, behold, I will be for you, and I will
+turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and ye
+shall be sown ;
+
+10 And I will multiply upon you men, all
+the house of Israel — altogether; and the
+cities shall be inhabited again, and the ruins
+shall be rebuilt;
+
+11 And I will multiply upon you man and
+beast, and they shall increase and be fruit-
+ful; and I will cause you to be inhabited
+after your old estates, and will do more good
+unto you than at your beginnings: and ye
+shall know that I am the Lord.
+
+
+' Meaning, " I have sworn."
+
+^ Raslii, and after him, Zunz; but, Philippson takes the
+word dSdivS in its oripinal, but here figurative sense,
+'• iiialsO them no more chilrHess."
+
+° /. c. First the Canaanites, next the Eninrites and
+other tribes, and then the Israelites, none of whom could
+remain perniaiu nth in Palestine.
+t):il
+
+
+12 Yea, I will cause to walk upon you
+men, even my people Israel, and they shall
+possess thee, and thou shalt be unto them as
+an inherittxnce, and thou shalt not any more
+henceforth cast them out.''
+
+13 T[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Because they say unto you, Thou land de-
+vourest up men, and hast been one that hath
+ever cast out thy nations :°
+
+14 Tlierefore shalt thou not devour up
+men any more, and thy nations shalt thou
+not cast out any more, saith the Lord Eter-
+nal.
+
+15 And I will not let be heard against
+thee any more the reproach of the nations,
+and the disgrace of the people shalt thou not
+bear any more, and thy nations shalt thou
+not cast out any more, saith the Lord Eter-
+nal.
+
+16 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+17 Son of man, the house of Israel, when
+they dwelt in their own land, defiled it
+througli their way and through their doings:
+like the uncleanness of a woman in her sepa-
+ration was their way before me.
+
+18 And I poured out my fury over them
+because of the blood that they had shed in
+the land, and because through their idols
+they had polluted it ;
+
+19 And I scattered them among the na-
+tions, and they were dispersed through the
+countries: according to their way and accord-
+ing fo their doings did I judge them.
+
+20 And when they were come unto the nar
+tions, whither they were gone, they profaned
+my holy name; because they said of them,''
+These are the people of the Lord, and out of
+his land are they gone forth.
+
+21 But I had pity for my holy name,
+which the house of Israel had profaned
+among the nations, whither they were gone.
+
+22 1[ Therefore say unto the house of Israel,
+Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Not for
+your sake do I this, 0 house of Israel, but for
+the sake of my holy name, which ye have
+
+^ Rashi, " they have lowered my glory ; and what is
+the profanation? when the enemies said of them. These
+are the people of the Lord, and they are gone forth out
+of his land, while he had not the power to deliver his peo-
+ple and his land." But when the redemption takes place,
+it will be acknowledged that for their sins against God
+were they punished by Him.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXVI. XXXVII.
+
+
+profaned among tlit- nations. wliitluT ye are
+gone.
+
+23 And I will .sanctity ni\- great name,
+which was proftined among the nations, which
+ye have profaned in the midst of them: and
+the nations shall know that I am the Lord,
+saith the Lord Eternal, when I will be sancti-
+fied through you before your eyes.
+
+24 And I will take you from among the
+nations, and I will gather you out of all the
+countries, and I will bring you unto youi" own
+land.
+
+25 And I will sprinkle upon you clean
+water," and ye shall be clean: from all your
+impurities, and from all your idols, will I
+cleanse you.
+
+26 And I will give you a new heart,'' and
+a new spirit will I put within you; and I will
+remove the heart of stone out of your body,"
+and I will give you a heart of flesh.
+
+27 And my spirit I will put within you,
+and I will cause that you shall walk in my
+statutes, and that my ordinances ye shall
+keep, and do them.
+
+28 And ye shall dwell in the land which I
+gave to your f;ithers; and ye shall be unto me
+for a people, and I truly will be unto you as
+a God.
+
+29 And I will save you from all kinds of
+your impurities; aud I will call unto the
+corn, and increase it, and I will not lay fa-
+mine upon you.
+
+30 xind I will multiply the fruit of the
+trees, and the products of the field: in order
+that ye may receive no more reproach'^ on ac-
+count of famine among the nations.
+
+31 Then shall ye remember your ways
+that they were evil, and your doings that
+were not good ; and ye shall loathe yourselves
+on account of your iniquities and on account
+of your abominations.
+
+32 Not for your sake do I this, saith the
+Lord Eternal, be it known unto you: be
+ashamed and confounded because of your
+ways, 0 house of Israel.
+
+33 Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, On
+the day of my cleansing you from all your
+
+' Ra.shi, "I will forgive you, and remove your impuri-
+ties witli the sprinkling of the waters of purification
+which remove tlie defilement of the dead."
+
+"" Bashi, "an inclination made new for doing good."
+Jonatha"a, "a heart that feareth and a spirit that feareth,"
+
+
+— and so " the heart of stone," — "a wicked heart which is ! able to live?"
+
+
+iniquities, when I vMise the cities to be in-
+habited, and when the ruins are built up,
+
+34: And when the desolate land is tilled,
+instead that it was a waste before the eyes
+of every passer by :
+
+35 Then shall they say. This land, that
+was desolate, is become like the garden of
+'Eden; and the cities that were ruined, and
+desolate, and broken down, are become forti-
+fied, and inhabited.
+
+36 Aud the nations that are left round
+about you shall know that I the Lord have
+built up the broken-down (places), have
+planted the desolate (land): I the Lord have
+spoken this, and have done it.
+
+37 ^[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Also in this will I yet suffer myself to be en-
+treated'' of by the house of Israel, to do it for
+them, I will increase them with men like
+flocks (in multitude).
+
+38 As the flocks of the holy things, as the
+flocks of Jerusalem on her appointed feasts, so
+shall the ruined cities be full of flocks of
+men : aud they shall know that I am the
+Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVn.
+
+1 ^ There came over me the inspiration of
+the Lord, and he carried me out in the spirit
+of the Lord, and set me down in the midst of
+the valley which was full of bones ;
+
+2 And he caused me to pass by them all
+round about; and, behold, there were very
+many of them on the surface of the valley;
+and, lo, they were very dry.
+
+3 And he said unto me. Son of man, can'
+these bones live? Aud I said, 0 Lord
+Eternal, thou alone knowest this.
+
+4 And he said unto me. Prophesy over
+these bones, and say unto them, 0 ye dry
+bones, hear ye the word of the Lord.
+
+5 ^ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal unto
+these bones, Behold, I will bring a spirit^ into
+you, and ye shall live;
+
+6 And I will lay sinews upon you, and
+bring up flesh upon you, and draw over you
+a skin, and put a spirit in you, and ye shall
+
+
+hard as stone;" "a heart of flesh," — "a heart fearing me
+
+to do my will."
+' Lit. "flesh."
+
+^ Lit. "reproach of famine." ° Rashi, lit. "inquired "
+' Rashi, " Doth it appear in thy eyes that they will bo
+
+
+8 Eng. ver. "breath."
+635
+
+
+EZEKTEL XXXVII.
+
+
+live: and yc shall experience that I am the
+Lord.
+
+7 And so I prophesied as I had been com-
+manded : and there was a sound, as I prophe-
+sied, and behold there was a rustling noise, and
+the bones came together, bone to its bone.*
+
+8 And I looked, and beliold, there were
+sinews upon them, and the ilesh came nj), and
+the skin was drawn over them above; but no
+sjDirit was in them.
+
+9 Then said he unto me, Prophesy unto
+the spirit; ])rophesy, son of man, and say to
+the spirit. Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+From the four winds come, O spirit, and
+breathe into these slain ones, that they may
+live.
+
+10 And I prophesied as he had command-
+ed me, and there came into them the spirit,
+and they lived, and stood up upon their feet,
+an exceedingly great army.
+
+11 Then said he unto me, Son of man,
+these bones are the whole house of Israel : be-
+hold, they say, Dried are our bones, and lost
+is our hope; we are quite cut off.
+
+12 Therefore prophesy and say unto them,
+Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Behold, I
+will open your graves, and I will cause you
+to come up out of your graves, O my peo-
+ple, and I will bring you into the land of Is-
+rael.
+
+13 And ye shall know that I am the Lord,
+when I open your graves, and when I cause you
+to come up out of your graves, 0 my [leople.
+
+14 And I will put my spirit in you, and
+ye shall live, and I will jilace you in your
+own land: and ye shall acknowledge that I
+the Lord have spoken it, and done it, saith
+the Lord.
+
+15 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+16 But thou, son of man, take unto thy-
+self one stick*" of wood, and write upon it,
+"For Judah, and for the children of Israel
+his companions;" then take another stick,
+and write upon it, "For Joseph, — the stick
+ofEphraim, — and for all the house of Israel
+his companions:"
+
+17 And join them one to the other unto
+thee as one stick; and they shall" become
+one in thy hand.
+
+
+* i. e. The bones arranged themselves in tbe proper
+order, as when they were in the body.
+0.S6
+
+
+I 18 And if the children of thy people should
+say unto thee, saying. Wilt thou not tell us
+what thou meanest by these?
+
+19 (Then) speak unto them, Thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, Behold, I will take
+the stick of Joseph, — which is in the hand of
+Ephraim, — and the tribes of Israel his com-
+panions, and will lay them upon him, even
+the stick of Judah, and make them into one
+stick, and they shall be one in my hand.
+
+20 And the sticks whereon thou shalt have
+written shall be in thy hand before their eyes.
+
+21 And speak unto them. Thus hath said
+the Lord Eternal, Behold, I will take the
+children of Israel from among the nations,
+whither they are gone, and I will gather them
+from every side, and bring them unto their
+own land;
+
+22 And 1 will make them into one nation
+in the land, on the mountains of Israel ; and
+one king shall be to them all for king; and
+they shall not be any more two nations, nor
+shall they at any time be divided into two
+kingdoms any more :
+
+23 Neither shall they defile themselves
+any more with their idols, and with their de-
+testable things, and with all their transgres-
+sions; but I will save them out of all their
+dwelling-places, wherein they have sinned,
+and I will cleanse them, and they shall be
+unto me for a people, and I will be to them
+for a God.
+
+24 And my servant David shall be king
+over them; and one shepherd shall be for
+them all: and in my ordinances shall they
+walk, and my statutes shall they observe,
+and do them.
+
+25 And they shall dwell in the land that I
+have given unto my servant, unto Jacob,
+wherein your fathers have dwelt; and they
+shall dwell therein, they, and their children,
+and their children's children for ever: and
+David my servant shall be prince unto them
+for ever.
+
+20 And I will make with them a covenant
+of peace, an everlasting covenant shall it be
+with them : and I will preserve them, and I
+will nuiltiply them, and I will set my sanc-
+tuary in the midst of them for evermore.
+
+27 My dwelling also shall be with them,
+
+
+'' Jonathan, "table" or "board."
+
+° Jonathsn. Redak, "as though they were one.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXVII. XXXVIII.
+
+
+and I will be unto them for a God; and they
+shall be unto nie as a people.
+
+28 And the nations shall know that I am
+the Lord who sanctify Israel, when my sanc-
+tuary will be in the midst of them for ever-
+more.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+1 ][ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+2 Son of man, direct thy face against Gog
+of the land of Magog, the prince of Rush,
+Meshech and Thubal, and prophesy against
+him,
+
+3 And say, Thus hath said the Lord Eter-
+nal, Behold, I will be against thee, 0 Gog,
+the prince of Rosh, Meshech and Thubal;
+
+4 And I will derange thee, and put hooks
+into thy jaws, and I will bring thee forth, and
+all thy army, horses and horsemen, all of
+them clothed in elegant attire, a great assem-
+blage with bucklers and shields, all of them
+grasping Swords.
+
+5 Persia, Cush, and Put (shall be) with
+them ; all of thein with shield and lielmet ;
+
+6 Gomer and all of its armies; the house
+of Thogarmah out of the farthest north, and
+all its armies; many people shall be with thee.
+
+7 Be thou ready, and prepare thyself,
+thou, and all thy assemblages that are assem-
+bled about thee, and be thou a guard'' unto
+them.
+
+8 After many days shalt thou be ordered
+forward ;* in the end of years shalt thou come
+into the land that is recovering" from the
+sword, and is gathered together out of many
+people, against the mountains of Israel, which
+have been ruined for a very long time : (to a
+people) that are brought forth out of the nar
+tions, and that now dwell in safety, all of
+them.
+
+9 Thou wilt ascend and come like a tem-
+pest,'' like a cloud to cover the earth wilt
+
+
+* Rashi, "It is the custom of kings to take care of
+their armies, how they shall go fortii, and to set watchers,
+that no destroyer come over his army by night " Zunz,
+"Be thou a mark to them." Philippson, "a leader."
+
+*■ After Jouathcu; but Rashi, "shall thy sins be called
+to mind "
+
+° " Whose inhabitants are i-eturned from exile, whither
+they have been driven by the sword of the enemy."
+Rashi. Philippson, "won from the sword."
+
+^ Rashi, "dark cloud." Others, "storm," or "storm-
+cloud."
+
+
+thou be, thou, and all thy armies, and the
+many people with thee.
+
+10 ^1 Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+It will also come to pass, at the same time,
+that things will come into thy mind, and
+thou wilt entertain an evil device;
+
+11 And thou wilt say, I will go up over
+the land of open towns; I will come against
+those that are careless, that dwell in safety,
+all of whom dwell without walls, and have
+neitlu'i' I)ars nor gates,
+
+12 To snatch up the spoil, and to take
+away the prey; to turn thy hand against
+the ruined places now inhabited, and against
+the people that are gathered out of the na-
+tions, that have gotten" cattle and goods,
+that dwell in the highest' part of the land.
+
+13 Sheba, and Dedan, and the traders of
+Tharshish, with all her young lions,^ will say
+unto thee, Art thou come to plunder the
+spoil? hast thou gathered thy company to
+carry off the prey ? to bear away silver and
+gold, to take away cattle and goods, to plun-
+der a great spoil?
+
+14 Therefore, prophesy, son of man, and
+say unto Gog, Thus hath said the Lord Eter-
+nal, Behold, on the day when my people of
+Israel dwelleth in safety, shalt thou know
+(my power).''
+
+15 And thou wilt come from thy place out
+of the farthest ends of the north, thou, and
+many people with thee, all of them riding
+upon horses, a great assemblage, and a mighty
+army ;
+
+16 And thou wilt come up against my
+people of Israel, like a cloud to cover the
+land;' in the latter days will this be, and I
+will bring thee over my land, in order that
+the nations may know me, when I am sanc-
+tified on thee, before their eyes, 0 Gog.
+
+17 T[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+Art thou (not) he of whom I have spoken in
+ancient days through means of my servants
+
+" Philippson, "taking care of," &c.
+
+' Rashi. Zunz, "the middle."
+
+* Rashi, " Active merchants, who are in the habit of
+going out and roaming all countries like young lions, and
+know where riches can be obtained." Jonathan and Re-
+dak, "kings."
+
+' Jonathan, " the puni.shment of my strength." Rashi
+adds, "meaning, thou shalt know and understand who
+was their refuge and protection." Redak, Zunz, and
+others, "know it."
+
+' Philippson, "covering the earth."
+
+637
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXVIII. XXXIX.
+
+
+the prophets' of Israel, who prophesied in
+those days (many) years, that I would bring
+thee against them?
+
+18 And it shall come to pass at the same
+time, on the day of Gog's coming over the
+land of Israel, saith the Lord Eternal, that
+my fury shall be kindled in my nose.*"
+
+19 And in my zealousness, in the fire of my
+wrath, have I spoken. Surely on that day
+there shall be a great earthquake in the
+country of Israel ;
+
+20 And there shall quake at my presence |
+the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the
+heaven, and the beasts of the field, and every
+creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth,
+and all the men that are upon the face of the
+earth, and the mountains shall be thrown
+down, and the clifis" shall fall, and every
+wall shall fall to the ground.
+
+21 And I will call against him throughout
+all my mountains for the sword, saith the
+Lord Eternal: every man's sword shall be
+against his brother.
+
+22 And I will hold judgment over him
+with pestilence and with blood (-shedding);
+and an overflowing rain, and great hailstones,
+fire, and sulphur will I let rain over him and
+his armies, and over the many people that
+are with him.
+
+23 Thus will I magnify myself, and sanc-
+tify myself, and make myself known before
+the eyes of many nations: and the}' shall
+know that I am the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+1 ^ But thou, 0 son of man, prophesy
+against Gog, and say. Thus hath said the
+Lord Eternal, Behold, I will be against thee,
+0 Gog, the prince of Rosh, Meshech and Thu-
+bal;
+
+2 And I will derange thee, and lead thee
+
+
+• Rashi, "such as Ezekiel and Zechariah."
+
+^ Figurative for excessive anger, when the nostrils
+;ire distended, and a smoke, as it were, arises out of
+I hem.
+
+° Rashi, after one opinion which he cites, preferring,
+however, Jonathan's view, "towers, round which mounds
+uf earth are heaped up and formed in terraces or steps;"
+taking nu"n:Dn in the sense of "steps" or "degrees."
+
+^ Jonathan, after whom Eashi, Zunz, and others.
+
+• Rashi, "the debasement of Israel is a profanation of
+(lod's name, as nations say, They are the Lord's people,
+and he cannot deliver them." (See above, xx.xvi. 20.)
+
+' Jonathan, "whose glory dwelleth in Israel."
+638
+
+
+astray,* and will cause thee to come up from
+the farthest ends of the north; and I will
+bring thee upon the mountains of Israel ;
+
+3 And I will strike thy bow out of thy
+left hand, and thy arrows will I cause to fall
+out of thy right hand.
+
+4 Upon the mouutanis of Israel shalt thou
+fall, thou, and all thy armies, and the people
+that are with thee: unto the ravenous birds,
+to every thing that hath wings, and to the
+beasts of the field, do I give thee for food.
+
+5 Upon the open field shalt thou tail ; for
+I have spoken it, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+6 And I will send a fire against Magog,
+and against those that dwell in the isles
+in safety: and they shall know that I am
+the Lord.
+
+7 And my holy name will I make known
+in the midst of my people Israel ; and I will
+not permit my holy name to he profaried' any
+more: and the nations shall know that I am
+the Lord, Holy in Israel. '^
+
+8 Behold, it cometh, and it taketh place,
+saith the Lord Eternal; this is the day where-
+of I have spoken.
+
+9 And the inhabitants of the cities of Is-
+rael shall go forth, and shall burn and make
+fire for heating of the weapons, and shields
+and bucklers, of bows and of arrows, and of
+hand-staves,"^ and of spears; and they shall
+feed with them the fire for seven years ;''
+
+10 And they shall take no wood out of the
+field, nor cut down any out of the forests; for
+with weapons shall they feed the fire : and
+they shall spoil tho.se that spoiled them, and
+plunder those that plundered them, saith the
+Lord Eternal.
+
+11 ]j And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that I will give unto Gog a place there
+for a grave in Israel, the valley where people
+pass over to the east of the sea;' and it shall
+
+
+' Zunz, "clubs;" but Philippson, "the staff which the
+princes or leaders carry;" the marshal's baton.
+
+' When the immense number and destruction of the in-
+vaders are considered, and also the little fuel comparative-
+ly which is necessary in warm climates, we may easily
+conceive of this being literally fuliilled. Mariana, in his
+History of Spain, (lib. si. chap. "24,) says, that after the
+Spaniards had given that signal overthrow to the Sara-
+cens, in the year 1212, they found such a vast quantity
+of lances, javelins, and such-like, as served them i'nr /mi i-
+i/ear.t for fuel.
+
+' Jonathan, "the sea of Genossar," /. c. Kinnereth, ir
+Gennesareth.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XXXIX. XL.
+
+
+stop the passengers (from passing): and they
+shall bury there Gog and all his nmltitiide,
+and they shall call it The vallej- of the mul-
+titude of Gog."
+
+12 And the house of Israel shall be bury-
+ing them, in order to cleanse'' the land, during
+seven months.
+
+13 Yea, all the people of the land shall
+bury them ; and it shall be to them as a
+renown on the day that I glorify myself, saith
+the Lord Eternal.
+
+14 And men constantly devoted to this''
+shall they set apart to pass through the land,
+to bury with those that pass through those
+that remain upon the face of the earth, to
+cleanse it : at the end of seven months shall
+they make a search..
+
+15 And those that thus travel will pass
+through the land ; and when any one seeth a
+human bone, then will he set up a sign by it,
+till the buriers have buried it in the valley of
+the multitude of Gog.
+
+16 And also the name of the city shall be
+Hamonah. Thus shall they cleanse the
+land.
+
+17 Tj And thou, 0 son of man, thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal, Say unto the birds, to
+every thing that hath wings, and to every
+beast of the field, Assemble yourselves, and
+come; gather yourselves from every side to
+my sacrifice that I do slaughter for you, as a
+great sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel,
+that ye may eat tlesh, and drink blood.
+
+IS The flesh of the mighty shall ^e eat,
+and the blood of the princes of the earth shall
+ye drink, — wethers,'' lambs, and he-goats,
+bullocks, fatlings of Bashan are they all of
+them.
+
+19 And ye shall eat fat till ye be sated,
+and ye shall drink blood till ye be drunken,
+from my sacrifice which I have slaughtered
+for 3'ou.
+
+20 And ye shall be .sated at my table on
+horses and chariot-teams, on mighty men,
+and on all men of war, saith the Lord Eter-
+nal.
+
+21 And I will display m^^ glory among
+the nations: and all the nations shall see my
+
+" In Hebrew, " Gay hamonc Go;/.
+
+^ See Num. xix. 16.
+
+' Rashi. Philippson comments that it means, the peo-
+ple are to appoint two classes of men who are to pass
+through the land at the end of the first seven months, the
+
+
+punishment that I execute, and my hand
+that I lay on them.
+
+22 And the hou.?e of Israel shall acknow-
+ledge that I am the Lord their God from that
+day and forward.
+
+23 And the nations shall know that lor
+their iniquity did the house of Israel go into
+exile ; because they had trespassed against
+me, and I had hidden my face from them ;
+and I gave them up therefore into the hand
+of their oppressors, and they all fell by the
+sword.
+
+24 According to their uncleanness, and ac-
+cording to their transgressions did I deal with
+them, and hid my face from them.
+
+25 \ Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, Now will I brim? back again the
+captivit}' of Jacob, and I will have mercy
+upon the whole house of Israel, and will be
+zealous for ni}- holy name;
+
+26 And they shall feel their disgrace, and
+all their trespass whereby they had tres-
+passed against me, when they dwelt in their
+land in safety, with none to make them
+afraid :
+
+27 When I bring them back again from
+the people, and gather them out of the land
+of their enemies, and sanctify myself on them
+before the eyes of the many nations.
+
+28 And they shall know that I am the
+Lord their God; because I had exiled them
+among the nations, but gather them now
+unto their owm land, and leave none of them
+any more there.
+
+29 And I will not hide ni}' face any more
+from them; for I will have poured out my
+spirit over the house of Israel, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+1 ][ In the five and twentieth year of our
+exile, in the beginning of the year, on the
+tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth
+year after the city had been smitten, on the
+selfsame day came the inspiration of the Lord
+upon me, and brought me thither."
+
+2 In the visions of God brought he me
+unto the land of Israel, and set me down
+
+one to mark the place where any one had fallen, and the
+other to remove the remains to the valley at first de-
+scribed.
+
+* Jonathan, "king.^, rulers, chiefs, mighty ones, the
+rich." ' Jerusalem, the smitten city.
+
+G39
+
+
+EZEKIEL XL.
+
+
+upon a very high mount, on which there was
+built something like a city on the south.
+
+3 And when he had brought me thither,
+behold, there was a man, whose appearance
+was like the appearance of copper, with a
+line of flax in his hand, and a measuring-rod:
+and he was standing in the gate.
+
+4 And the man spoke unto me, Son of
+man, behold with thy eyes, and hear with
+thy ears, and direct thy heart unto all that
+I am about to show thee; for in order to
+show it unto thee art thou brought hither:
+tell all that thou seest to the house of Israel.
+
+5 And behold there was a wall on the out-
+side of the house all round about, and in the
+man's hand was a measuring-rod of six cubits
+long by the cubit which was a hand's breadth
+longer than usual; and he measured the
+breadth' of the building, one rod, and the
+height, one rod.
+
+6 Then came he unto the gate which look-
+ed in the direction toward the east, and went
+up its steps, and measured the threshold of
+the gate, one rod in breadth, and the other
+threshold one rod in breadth.
+
+7 And every cell was one rod long, and
+one rod broad; and between the cells were
+five cubits: and the threshold of the gate
+near by the porch of the gate within was one
+rod.
+
+8 He measured also the porch of the gate
+within, one rod.
+
+9 Then measured he the porch of the gate,
+eight cubits, and its door-posts,'' two cubits:
+and the porch of the gate was inward.
+
+10 And the cells of the gate in the eastern
+direction were three on this side, and three
+on that side, one measure was for all the
+three; and there was one measure for the
+door-posts on this side and on that side.
+
+11 And he measured the breadth of the
+entrance of the gate, ten cubits, (and) the
+length of the gate, thirteen cubits.
+
+' i. e. The thickness of the wall.
+
+* Rashi, "all the E/im (posts) mentioued in this de-
+scription are tree-shaped, round, made of hewn stone,
+and stand at the doors, one on the right, and the other
+on the left, ia place of the sills or door-posts."
+
+° i. <;. The doors of the cells at each side of the gate-
+way faced each other.
+
+'' Zunz; but Rashi, "and so was it on all the door-posts
+I'f the court, which were on the porches of its gates round
+ibout."
+
+• Rashi, who takes -ji) S;' — literally, (what is) "before
+
+
+12 And there was a space before the cellts
+of one cubit on this side, and one cubit space
+was there on that side : and every cell was of
+six cubits on this side, and of six cubits on
+that side.
+
+13 And he measured the gate from the
+roof of (one) cell to the roof of (another), in
+breadth five and twenty cubits, one door be-
+ing against (the other) door."
+
+14 And he made door-posts of sixty cubits,
+and around the door-posts the court and the
+gate all round about.''
+
+15 And the height' of the gate of the en-
+trance as also the height of the porch of the
+inner gate was fifty cubits.
+
+16 And there were narro-w windows in the
+cells, and by their door-posts within the gate
+all round about, and likewise in the porches :'
+and windows were all round about inward;
+and on each door post were palm-shaped (capi-
+tals).*-'
+
+17 Then brought he me into the outward
+court, and, lo, there were chambers, and a
+pavement made for the court all round about :
+thirty chambers were upon the pavement.
+
+18 And the pavement by the side of the
+gates was all along the whole length of the
+gates : this was the lower pavement.
+
+19 Then measured he the breadth from
+the front of the lower gate unto the front
+of the inner court, without, one hundred
+cubits, eastward and northward.""
+
+20 And the gate of the outer court that
+looked in a northern direction, he measured
+after its length, and its breadth.
+
+21 And its cells were three on this side
+and three on that side; and its door-posts
+and its porches were after the measure of the
+first gate : fifty cubits was its length,' and
+its breadth five and twenty cubits.
+
+22 And its windows, and its porches,'' .and
+their palm-shaped capitals, were after the
+measure of the gate that looked in an eastern
+
+
+the face,"— as meaning "the height," L c. of the structure
+on the gate.
+
+' Jonathan. Zunz, "arched passages." Philippson,
+"cornices." Rashi, " the tree-like pillars of every gate."
+
+8 Rashi. Zunz, "palm-like ornaments."
+
+"■ Philipp.son, " the inner court was surrounded on three
+sides by the outer one, so that each gate of the last was
+opposite to one of the first, with an intervening space of
+one hundred cubits. There was no western gate."
+
+' Rashi, "its height," as above, verse 15.
+
+^ Philippson, "cornices." •
+
+
+EZEKIEL XL.
+
+
+direction : and by seven steps did they go up
+unto it, and to its porches which* were be-
+fore them.
+
+23 And the gates of the inner court were
+opposite the gates on tlie north, and on the
+east: and he measured from gate to gate one
+hundred cubits.
+
+24 After tliat he led me forth to the south
+side, and behold there was a gate on the
+south side: and he measured its door-posts
+and its porches after these measures.
+
+25 And there were windows in it and in
+its porches all round about, like the other
+Avindows: it was fifty cubits in leligth, and
+in breadth five and twenty culjits. j
+
+26 And bv seven steps was the ascent to I
+it, and to its porches whit'h were l)efore them ;
+and it had palm-shaped capitals, one on this
+side, and another on that side, upon its door-
+posts.
+
+27 And there was a gate in the inner court
+on the south side: and he measured from
+ga^i to gate on the south side one hundred
+cubits.
+
+28 And he brought me to the inner court
+by the south gate ; and he measured the south
+gate after these measures;
+
+29 And its cells, and its door-posts, and
+its porches were after these measures; and
+there were windows in it and in its porches
+all round about: it was fifty cubits in length,
+and in breadth five and twenty cubits.
+
+30 And arched passages'' were all round
+about, five and twenty cubits long, and five
+cubits broad.
+
+31 And its porches were toward the outer
+court; and palm-shaped capitals were upon its
+door-posts : and its ascent was by eight steps.
+
+32 And he brought me into the inner court
+on the east side; and he measured the gate
+after these measures;
+
+33 And its cells and its door-posts, and its
+porches, were according to these measures;
+and there were windows in it and in its
+porches all round about : its length was fifty
+
+" Kashi, who comments, "and the porch of the gates
+before the steps, before entering in the main porch, was
+ascended by steps."
+
+'■ Kashi.
+
+' Philippson, "of the gate," ;'. e. the northern one,
+near which the burnt-offering had to be killed.
+
+■* Lit. "which belonged to the porch."
+
+• Jonathan ; and means, that iron hook.s, a hand long,
+were fixed in the chamber where the sacrifices were
+4 F
+
+
+cubits, and its breadth five and twenty
+cubits.
+
+34 And its porches were toward the out^
+ward court; and palm-shaped capitals were
+upon its door-posts, on this side, and on that
+side : and by eight steps was the ascent to it.
+
+35 And he brought me to the north gate,
+and he measured it after these measures;
+
+30 Its cells, its door-posts, and its porches;
+and the windows in it were all round about:
+its length was fifty cubits, and its breadth
+five and twenty cubits.
+
+37 And its door-posts were toward the
+outer court ; and palm-shaped capitals were
+upon its door-posts, on this side, and on that
+side : and hy eight steps was the ascent to it.
+
+38 And there was a chamber with its door
+by the door-posts of the gates,"" where they
+washed oft' the burnt-ofierings.
+
+39 And in the porch of the gate were two
+tables on this side, and two tables on that
+side, to slaughter thereon the burnt-ofierings
+and the sin-ofterings and the trespass-oft'er-
+ings.
+
+40 And at the side without (the porch), as
+one went up to the entrance of the north
+gate, were two tables; and on the other side''
+of the porch of the gate were two tables;
+
+41 Four tables being on this side, and four
+tables on that side, by the side of the gate, —
+eight tables, whereupon they slaughtered (the
+sacrifices) .
+
+42 And there were four tables of hewn
+stone for the burnt-ofierings, of a cubit and a
+half long, and a cubit and a half broad, and
+one cubit high : whereupon they laid the in-
+struments W'herewith they slaughtered the
+burnt-ofterings and the sacrifices.
+
+43 And hooks, a hand long, were fastened
+within" all round about: and on the tables
+was placed the fiesh of the oflferings.
+
+44 And without the inner gate were the
+chambers of the singers in the inner court,
+which was at the side of the north gate ; and
+their front*^ was toward the south side : one
+
+slaughtered, to hang them up by. But D'naty is explain-
+ed by some to mean gutters, perhaps to draw off the
+blood. Others, "lasts;" and Philippson translates, "and
+lasts, a hand broad, were fastened toward the inside, all
+around, as also on the table, for the fiesh of the offerings."
+Redak takes it to mean a sort of frame-work on which the
+1 pots, in which the offerings were boiled, were placed.
+' Philippson, after the Septuagint, "And without I lie
+inner gate were tiaj ruws of chambers in the inner cciurt;
+
+0-11
+
+
+EZEKIEL XL. XLI.
+
+
+was at the side of the east gate having the
+front toward the north side.
+
+45 And he spoke unto me, This chamber,
+the front of wliich is toward the south, is for
+the priests who have the charge of the
+house.
+
+46 And the clianiberjtho front of whicli is
+toward the north. is for the jjriests who have
+the charge of the altar: these are the sons of
+Zadolv, who come near, from among the sons
+of Levi, to the Lord to minister unto him.
+
+47 So he measured the court, in length
+one hundred cubits, and in brcadtli one hun-
+dred cubits, foursquare: and the altar (stood)
+before the house.
+
+48 And he brought me to the porch of the
+house, and measured each door-post of the
+porch, five cubits on this side, and five cubits
+on that side: and the breadth of the gate
+was three cubits on this side, and three cubits
+on that side.
+
+40 The length of the porch was twenty
+cubits, and the breadth eleven cubits, to-
+gether with" the steps whereby they went up
+to it: and there were pillars by the door-
+posts, one on this side, and another on that
+side.
+
+CHAPTER XLL
+
+1 And he brought me to the temple: and
+he measured the door-posts, six cubits broad
+(m the one side, and six cubits broad on the
+other side, (as also)* the breadth of the taber-
+nacle.
+
+2 And the bread tli of the door was ten
+cubits; and the sides of the door were five
+cubits on the one side, and five cubits on the
+other side : and he measured its length, forty
+cubits, and the breadth, twenty cubits.
+
+3 Then went he inward, and measured
+the posts of the door, two cubits; and the
+door was six cubits high;'' and the breadth
+of the door, was sex en cubits.
+
+the one at the side of the north gate, witli its front to-
+ward the south, and the other at the aoutli gate, with its
+front to the north." The variations are marked iu italics.
+
+■■' Philippson, after thi; .Se])tuagint, supplies ten; thus,
+"and by ten steps they ascended to it."
+
+'' Zuuz, meaning, after measuring the space between the
+side-posts, be measured the whole front. Rashi, "the
+breadth of the poreli, whicii was as the length of the
+temple;" taking briNH "the tent" for D^sn "the porch."
+The piira.se is very obscure.
+
+• Rashi.
+U42
+
+
+4 And he measured its length, twenty
+cubits; and the breadth, twenty cubits, front-
+ing on the temple : and he said unto me,
+This is the most holy place.
+
+'i After this he measured the wall of the
+house, six cubits; and the breadth of every
+side-chamber was four cubits, all round about
+the house on every side.
+
+6 And the side-chambers were one over an-
+other, three and tliirty times;'' and they entered
+into the wall which was on the house for the
+side-chambers all round about, that they
+might be fastened on, but they were not
+fastened on the wall of the house.
+
+7 And as one wound upward it became
+continuitlly wider for the side-chambers; lor
+the I'ow of chambers about the house went
+more and more upward round about the
+house; therefore was the breadth of the
+house greater upward: and so they ascended
+from the lowest chambers to the highest
+through the middle ones.
+
+8 And I saw the height of the house all
+round about: the foundations of the side-
+chamljers were a full rod of six cubits under
+ground."
+
+9 The thickness of the wall, Avhich was
+for the side-chambers without, was five cubits,
+as also the space which was left open by the
+row of the side-chambers that were on the
+house.'
+
+10 And between the chambers there was
+a width of twenty cubits round about the
+house on every side.
+
+11 And the doors of the side-chambers
+were on the open space, one door was in a
+northern direction, and another door on the
+south : and the breadth of the place that
+was left open was five cubits all round
+about.
+
+12 Now the Iniilding that was before the
+main wing" on the west side was seventy cu-
+bits broad; and the wall of the building was
+
+* Others, "three rows of thirty each," or ninety.
+
+"Rashi. Tlunz, "to the wrist;" meaning, a cubit of
+an arm's length to the wrist.
+
+' Rashi, "the chambers did not occupy the whole .space
+of the north and .south side, but at the east and west
+corners there was an open space for the doors of the
+chambers which communicated afterward one with the
+other, not having any doors opening outside."
+
+^ iTitJ is here given after Zunz, aud is, according to
+Rashi, synonymous with the temple or main building itself
+Others, "upper rooms." Philippson, "off-cut," from ijj,
+
+
+EZf:KIEL XLl. XLII.
+
+
+five cubits thick round about, and its length,
+ninety cubits.
+
+13 So he measured the house, in length
+one hundred cubits; and the main wing, and
+the building, with its walls, in length one
+hundred cubits;
+
+14 Also the breadth in the Iront oi' the
+house, and of the main M'ing on the east, was
+one hundred cubits.
+
+15 And lie measured the length of the
+l)uildin2; on the front side of the main wintf
+which was Ijehind it, and its corner-pillars on
+the one side and on the other side, one hun-
+dred cubits; and this included the inner tem-
+ple, and the porches of the court;
+
+16 The thresholds, and the narrow win-
+dows, and the corner-pillai's were round about
+on their three sides: opposite the threshold
+there was a wainscoting of wood all round
+about, and so from the ground up to the win-
+dows: and the windows were covered."
+
+17 On the part above the door, and as far
+as the iinier house, and the outer (house),
+was (a wainscoting), and on all the wall
+round about within and witliout, by (the
+same) measure ;
+
+18 And it was ornamented with cherubim
+and palm-trees, a palm-tree being between
+two cherubim; and ever}- cherub had two
+faces ;
+
+19 So that a human face was toward the
+palm-tree on the one side, and a 3oung lion's
+face toward the palm-tree on the other side :
+it was so made on all the house round about.
+
+20 From the ground to the part above the
+door were the cherubim and the palm-trees
+made, and so on the wall of the temple.
+
+21 The temple had four-cornered door-
+posts, and the front of the holy of holies had
+the (same) appearance as the appearance (of
+the other).
+
+22 The altar was of wood,'' three cubits
+high, and its length was two cubits; and its
+corners, and its top-piece, and its walls, were
+of wood : and he spoke unto me, This is the
+table that is before the Lord.
+
+
+" to cut," and supposes it to be a vacant space, and also
+tliat seventij should be thirli/, as the whole temple-house
+was one hundred cubits square, leaving therefore only the
+last measure for this building back of the hol_v of holies.
+' Redak, "were covered from above." Philippson,
+"were ,so covered by the wainscoting that they could not
+. be seen from below."
+
+
+23 And the temple and the holy of holies
+had two doors.
+
+24 And the doors had two leaves (apiece),
+two turning leaves, two (leaves) for the one
+door, and two leaves for the other.
+
+2-3 And there were made on them, on the
+doors of the temple, cherubim and palm-trees,
+as they were made upon the wtiUs; and (a
+covering' of) tliick wooden pianks was upon
+the front of the porch without.
+
+2G And there were narrow windows and
+palm-trees on the one side and on the other
+side, on the sides of the jjorch, and on the
+side-chambers of the house, and the (covering
+of) thick planks.
+
+CHAPTER XLll.
+
+1 And he led me forth into the outer
+court, on the way to the north side; and
+he brought me into the (row of) chambers
+that was opposite the maiii wing, and
+which was opposite the building toward the
+north ;
+
+2 On the front side the length (of which)
+was it lunulred cubits, (up to) the north
+door, while the breadth was fifty cubits.
+
+3 Opposite the twenty cubits which were
+for the inner court, and opposite the pave-
+ment Avhich was for the outer court, was
+corner-pillar before corner-pillar in the three
+stories.
+
+4 And before the chambers was a walk ol'
+ten cubits in breadth toward the inner house,
+a way of one cubit (in width) ; and their
+doors were toward the north.
+
+5 Now the upper chambei-s were shorter
+(for the corner-pillar took away part of the
+space from them) than the lowest and than
+the middle chambers of the building.
+
+G For they were in three stories, but had
+not pillars like the pillars of the courts:
+therefore was something taken oft" the lowest
+and the middle ones (as one ascended) from
+the ground.
+
+7 And the wall that was without alongside
+the chambers, toward the outer court in
+
+
+'' Some suppose this to be the altar of incense ; but
+Rashi thinks it was a table, and takes "the corners" to
+mean the feet, &c.
+
+° Zunz. Rashi, however, takes this to be heavy props
+of wood passing from the porch to the temple wall, to pre-
+vent this from bulging ciiitw;ird. I'liilippsou, ";i wooden
+staircase was on the porch without."
+
+U43
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLII. XLIII.
+
+
+front of the chambers, was in its length fifty
+cubits.
+
+8 For the length of tlie chambers that
+were in the outer court was fifty cubits; and
+lo, (the whole space) in front of the temple
+was one hundred cubits.
+
+9 And beneath these chambers was the
+entrance from the east side, as one goeth into
+them from the outer court.
+
+10 On the breadth of the wall of the court
+in an eastern direction, before the main wing,
+and before the l)uilding, were chambers.
+
+11 And the way before tliem was of like
+appearance as that for the cliambers which
+were on the north side, of the same length
+and the same breadth : and all tlieir means
+of egress, and their arrangement, and their
+doors Avere of the like manner.
+
+12 And so also were the doors of the
+chambers that were on the south side, a door
+being on the head of the way, of the way
+directly" before the wall on the east side, as
+one entereth into them.
+
+13 And he said unto me. The north cham-
+bers and the south chambers which are in
+front of the main wing, — these are the holy
+chambers, where the priests that approach
+unto the Lord shall eat the most holy tilings:
+there shall they lay the most holy things,
+namely, the meat-offering, and the sin-oft'er-
+ing, and the trespas.s-oflrering; for the place is
+holy.
+
+14 When the priests enter therein, then
+shall they not go out of the sanctuary into
+tlie outer court; but there sliall they lay
+down their garments wherein they may have
+ministered; for they are holy: and they
+shall put on other garments, and shall then
+approacli* to (the court) which is for the
+people.
+
+15 Now when he had finished the mea-
+surings of the inner house, he led me tbrth by
+the way of the gate which looked in an east^
+ern direction, and measvu-ed it all round
+about.
+
+16 He measured the east side with the
+measvu'ing-rod, five hundred rods, with the
+measuring-rod round about.
+
+" Jonathan, "the way to the stand for the Levites,"
+
+('. ('. wlioro they stood when they sang the psalms.
+
+'' Jonathan, "and shall then mingle with the people."
+Rashi, ".sliall touch the people's garments."
+
+° i. p. When he prophesied eonceruing the destruction.
+(See above, ix 4. ite.)
+644
+
+
+17 He measured the north side, five hun-
+dred rods, with the measuring-rod round
+about.
+
+18 The south side he measured, five hun-
+dred rods, with the measuring-rod.
+
+19 He turned about to the west side, and
+measured five hundred rods with the measur-
+ing-rod.
+
+20 On the four sides did he measure it by
+the wall that was all round about, five hundred
+rods in length, and in breadth five hundred,
+to make a separation between the holy place
+and the profixne.
+
+CHAPTER XLHI.
+
+1 Then did he lead me to the gate, even
+the gate that was turned in an eastern di-
+rection.
+
+2 And, behold, the glory of the God of Is-
+rael came from the way of the east; and his
+voice was like a noise of many waters; and
+the earth gave light from his glory.
+
+3 And it was like the appearance of the
+vision which I had seen, yea, like the vision
+that I had seen when I came to destroy the
+city;" and the visions were like the vision
+that I had seen by the river Kebar: and I fell
+upon my face.
+
+4 And the glory of the Lord came into the
+house by the way of the gate which was
+turned in an eastern direction.
+
+5 Then did the Spirit take me up, and
+bring me into the inner court: and, behold,
+the glory of the Lord filled the house.
+
+6 And I heard him speaking unto me out
+of the house ; and a man was standing along-
+side of me.
+
+7 And he said unto me. Son of man, (this)
+is the place of my throne, and the place of
+the soles of my feet, where I will dwell in the
+midst of tlie children of Israel forever: and
+the house of Israel shall not defile any more
+my holy name, neither they, nor their kings,
+by their lewdness, nor by the carcasses'' of
+their kings on their high-places.
+
+8 Inasmuch as they placed their tliresliold
+by my threshold, and their door-posts close
+by my door-posts, and the wall being only be-
+
+
+'' Some explain this that the kings had themselves buried
+near the temple. Zunz, "the carcasses (of the sacrifices)
+of their kings." Pbilippson, "the idol-abominations of
+their kings;" taking "ijij as expressive of the "inanimate,"
+" soulless idols;" and it is well known that even near the
+temple tliey wor.shipped falseh(Jod.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLIIi.
+
+
+tween me and them, and they defiled my
+holy name by their abominations which they
+committed; so that I made an end of them
+in my anger.
+
+9 Now will they have to put away their
+lewdness, and the carcasses of their kings, far
+from me, and I will dwell in the midst of
+them for ever.
+
+10 Tl Thou, son of man, tell the house of
+Israel of the house, that they may be con-
+founded because of their iniquities : and let
+them measure the outlines.
+
+11 And if they be confounded because of
+all that they have done : then let them know
+the Ibrm of the house, and its arrangements,
+and its means of egress, and its entrances,
+and all its forms, and all its statutes, and all
+its forms, and all its laws, and write them
+down before their eyes; that they may o)>
+serve the whole of its foi'm. and all its sta-
+tutes, and carry them out.
+
+12 This is the law for the house. Upon the
+top of the mount shall its whole limit all
+round about be most holy: behold, this is
+the law for the house.
+
+13 And these are the measures of the altar
+in cubits, The cubit is a cubit and a hand-
+breadth;" and the bottom shalP be a cul>it
+high, and a cubit Itroad, and its border on its
+edge round about shall be a span : and this
+shall be the outside" of the altar.
+
+14 And from thfe bottom upon the ground
+up to the lower projection shall be two cu-
+bits, and the breadth one cubit; and from the
+lesser j^i'ojection up to the greater projec-
+tion shall be four cubits, and the breadth one
+cubit.
+
+15 And the upper portion of the altar shall
+be four cubits; and from the upper surface**
+of the altar and upward shall be the four
+horns.
+
+16 And the upper surface of the altar shall
+be twelve cubits long, by twelve broad,
+square on its four sides.
+
+17 And the projection shall be fourteen
+cubits in length, by fourteen in breadtli on its
+four sides; and the border round about it
+
+
+* ?'. e. Each cubit here mentioned is a hand longer than
+the usual measure.
+
+'' Zuuz, "was;" and so in all this passage, using the
+past where here the past is found.
+
+■^ Lit. "back," ». < that which stands out the farthest.
+
+
+.shall be half a cubit; and its bottom shall be
+a cubit round al)Out; and its steps shall look
+toward the east.
+
+18 And he said unto me, Son of man, thus
+hath said the Lord Eternal, These are the
+statutes of the altar on the day when it shall
+be finished, to ofl'er thereon burnt-offerings,
+and to sprinkle thereon blood.
+
+11) And thou shalt give to the priests the
+Levites that are of the seed of Zadok, who
+approach unto me, saith the Lord Eternal, to
+minister unto me. a young bullock for a sin-
+oft'ering.
+
+20 And thou shalt take of his blood, and
+put it on its four horns, and on the four
+corners of the projection, and upon the bor-
+der round about; and thou shalt cleanse it
+and make an atonement for it.
+
+21 And thou shalt take the bullock of the
+sin-oftering, and some one shall burn him at
+an appointed place of the hou.se, without the
+sanctuary.
+
+22 And on the second day shalt thou ofter
+a he-goat without blemish for a sin-ofi'ering:
+and they shall cleanse the altar, as they did
+cleanse it with the bullock.
+
+23 When thou hast made an end of cleans-
+ing it, shalt thou offer a young bullock with-
+out blemish, and a ram out of the flock with-
+out blemish.
+
+24 And thou shalt bring them near before
+the Lord, and the priests shall throw salt,
+upon them, and they shall ofter them up as a
+burnt-ofiering unto the Lord.
+
+25 Seven days shalt thou prepare a goat
+for a sin-oftering every day; and a young
+l:)ullock, and a ram out of the flock, without
+blemish shall they prepare.
+
+26 Seven days shall they atone for the
+altar and purity it; and they shall consecrate
+the same.''
+
+27 And when these days are expired, it
+shall be, that on the eighth day, and thence-
+forward, the priests shall prepare upon the
+altar your burnt-ofl'erings, and your peace-
+ofterings: and I will accept you in favour,
+saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+
+'' "The place of offering." — Arnhei.m. It properly
+means, " lion of God." The upper division, the whole con-
+sisting of four, the bottom two projections and top, is to be
+four cubits in height, and be a square of twelve by twelve.
+
+" Redak, " tlie priest .shall consecrate himsself."
+
+64-5
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLIV.
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIV.
+
+1 ^ And he brought me back l^y the way
+of the outer gate of the sanctuary which look-
+ed toward the east: and it was locked.
+
+2 Then said the LoRn unto me. This gate
+shall remain locked, it shall not be opened,
+and no man shall enter in by it; because the
+Lord, the God of Israel, hath entered'' in by
+it, therefore shall it remain locked.
+
+3 As for the prince, being the prince, he
+shall sit in it to eat bread before the Lord:
+by the way of the porch of that gate shall he
+enter, and by the way of the same shall he
+go out.
+
+4 Then brought he me by the way of the
+north gate before the house; and I looked,
+and, behold, the glory of the Lord filled the
+house of the Lord : and I fell upon my face.
+
+•5 And the Lord said unto me, Son of man,
+direct thy mind, and see with thy eyes, and
+hear with thy ears all that I am speaking
+with thee concerning all the ordinances of
+the house of the.LoRD, and of all its laws; and
+direct thy mind to the entrance of the house,
+with every place of egress of the sanctuary.
+
+6 And thou shalt say to the rebellious, to
+the house of Israel, Thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal. Ye have done enough with all your
+abominations, 0 house of Israel !
+
+7 In your having brought the sons of the
+stranger, uncircumcised in heart, and uncir-
+cumcised in flesh, to be in my sanctuary, to
+pollute it, even my house, while you were
+offering my food, the fat aud the blood : so
+that they broke my covenant because of all
+your abominations.
+
+8 And (because) ye have not kept the
+charge of my holy things; but ye have set
+(those unworthy ones) as keepers of my
+charge in my sanctuarv at your own pleasure.*
+
+9 ^ Thus hatli said the Lord Eternal, No
+son of the stranger, uncircumcised in heart,
+or uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter into my
+sanctuary, of all the sons of the stranger that
+are in the midst of the children of Israel.
+
+10 But as respecteth the Levites that were
+gone away far from me, when Israel went
+
+• Zunz, "enteroth."
+
+' Kashi, taking ddS literally "for you," as D^n^rnS
+"accorJing to your thought, will, option, or pleasure."
+
+° The prophet indicates in the passage from verse 9 to
+14 that the priests who had joined in the idolatry of the
+C46
+
+
+astrav , who went astray away from me, after
+their idols, they shall surely bear their ini-
+quity; .
+
+11 And they shall be in my sanctuary ser-
+vants, appointed to watch at the gates of the
+house, and to be servants for the house: these
+are they that shall slay the burnt-offerings
+and the sacrifices for the people, and they
+shall stand before them to do the service for
+them.
+
+12 Because that they used to serve them be-
+fore their idols, and have been unto the house
+of Israel as a stumbling-block of iniquity;
+therefore have I lifted up my hand against
+them, saith the Lord Eternal, and they shall
+bear their iniquity;
+
+13 And they shall not come near unto me,
+to officiate as priests unto me, nor to come
+near to any of my holy things, to the most
+holy things; but they shall bear their shame
+yea, for their abominations which they have
+committed.
+
+14 And I will appoint them to be keepers
+of the charge of the house, for all the service
+thereof, and for all that shall be done therein."
+
+15 T[ But the priests the Levites, the sons
+of Zadok, that kept the charge of my sanc-
+tuary when the children of Israel Avent astray
+from me, — these are they that shall come
+near unto me to minister unto me, and they
+shall stand before me to offer unto me the
+fat and the blood, saith the Lord Eternal :
+
+16 Tliese are they that shall enter into my
+sanctuary, and these shall come near to my
+table, to minister unto me; and they shall
+keep my charge.
+
+17 And it shall come to pass, that, when
+they enter in at the gates of the inner court,
+they shall clothe themselves with linen gar-
+ments; and there shall no wool come upon
+them, when they minister in the gates of the
+inner court, and within the house.
+
+18 Linen bonnets shall be upon their
+heads, and linen breeches shall be upon their
+loins: they shall not gird*^ themselves with
+any thing that causeth sweat.
+
+19 And when they go forth into the outer
+court, into the outer court to the people: then
+
+people, and "had become the sons of the stranger,"
+through their misdeeds should be degraded from the
+priesthood, and do only Levitical, but not priestly service.
+* Rashi, "the law hath forbidden the priests woollen
+garments, becau.se that causeth the body to sweat."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLIV. XT,V.
+
+
+shall tliey put off their garments wherein
+they have ministered, and they shall lay
+them down in the holy chambers; and they
+shall put on other garments, and they shall
+not mingle" among the people with their gar-
+ments.
+
+20 And tlieif heads shall they not shave
+close, nor suffer their hair to grow long: they
+shall only crop (the hair of) their heads.
+
+21 And wine shall none of the priests
+drink, when they enter into the inner court.
+
+22 And a widow, or one that is divorced
+from her husband shall they not take to
+themselves as wives; Init only vii'gins of the
+seed of the house of Israel ; but whatever
+Avidow it may l)e, the (common) priests*' may
+take.
+
+2-3 And my people shall they teach the
+difference between the holy and profane, and
+that between the unclean and the clean shall
+they make known unto them.
+
+24 And in a controversy shall they stand
+up to judge, according to my ordinances shall
+they decide it: and my laws and my statutes
+at all my festivals shall they observe, and
+my sabbaths shall they sanctify.
+
+25 Anrl to a dead person shall they not
+come to defile themselves; lint on father, or
+on mother, or on son, or on daughter, on
+brother, or on sister that hath had no hus-
+band, may they defile themselves.
+
+20 And after he is become" clean. — they
+shall reckon unto him seven days, —
+
+27 Then shall he on the day that he com-
+eth into the sanctuary, into the inner court,
+to minister in the sanctuary, offer his sin-
+offering, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+28 And it shall be unto them as an in-
+heritance, I am their inheritance: and any
+possession shall you not give them in Israel,
+I am their possession.
+
+29 The meat-offering, and the sin-offering,
+and the trespass-offering — these shall they
+eat; and every devoted thing in Israel shall
+belong to them.
+
+30 'And the first of all kinds of first-fruits
+of all, and every kind of heave-offering of
+
+" Jonathan. Rashi comments, " Because profane gar-
+ments are not pure in comparison with the holy gar-
+ments." Lit. "and they shall not sanctify the people."
+
+'' Zunz, " And the widow who is a widow of a priest
+may they take."
+
+' After Zunz, who regards this a parenthesis; but
+Rashi translates after the Talmud, " And after his sepa-
+
+
+every thing of all your heave-offerings, shall
+belong to the priests ; and the first of 3'our
+dough shall you give to the priest, to cause
+a blessing to rest on thy house.
+
+31 Any thing that hath died of itself, or
+that is torn, jvhether it be fowl or beast, shall
+the priests not eat.
+
+CHAPTER XLV.
+
+1 T[ And when ye divide the land b} lot
+for an inheritance, shall ye offer an oblation
+unto the Lord, as a holy portion of the land,
+five and twenty thousand rods in length, and
+in breadth ten thousand. This shall be holy
+in all its extent round about.
+
+2 Of this there shall be for the sanctuary
+five hundred (rods) l)y five hundred, square
+round about; and fifty cubits as an open
+space for it round about.
+
+3 And of this measure shaft thou measure,
+in length five and twenty thousand, and in
+lireadth ten thousand (rods): and in it shall
+be the sanctuar}^ (and) the holy of holies.
+
+4 The holy portion of the land shall it be,
+for the priests the ministers of the sanctuary
+shall it be, who come near to minister unto
+tlie Lord ; and it shall be unto them a place
+for houses, and a holy place for the sanctuar}".
+
+5 And five and twenty thousand (rods) in
+length, and ten thousand in breadth, shall
+also belong unto the Levites, the servants of
+the house, for themselves, as a possession,
+with twenty chambers.''
+
+6 And as the possession of the city shall ye
+assign five thousand rods broad, and five and
+twenty thousand long, alongside the holy ol>
+lation : unto the whole house of Israel sliall it
+belong.
+
+7 And the prince shall have that on the
+one side and on the other side of the holy
+oblation, and of the possession of the city, in
+front of the holy olilation, and in front of the
+possession of the city, on the west side west-
+ward, and on the east side eastward; and in
+length alongside one of the portions, both on"
+the west border and on the east border.
+
+8 As landed property shall it be his pos-
+
+ration from the dead shall they reckon for him seven
+days." (See Num. xis. 11.) "And on the day that he
+first entereth into the sanctuary," &c.
+
+'' Rashi, "twenty chambers shall belong to the Levites
+by the sanctuary to watch the house and for lodging, and
+the remainder of the district sliall fhey employ for their
+requirements." ' Zunz.
+
+047
+
+
+EZEKTKL XLV. XLVI.
+
+
+session in Israel: and my princes shall no
+more wrong my people ; but the land shall
+they give to the house of Israel according to
+their tribes.
+
+9 T[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, Ye
+have done enough wrong, 0 princes of Israel :
+remove violence and robbery, and execute
+justice and righteousness; take away your
+exactions" from my people, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+10 Just balances, and a just ephah, and a
+just bath shall ye have.
+
+11 The ephah and the bath shall contain
+the same quantity, that the bath may contain
+the tenth part of a chomer, and the ephah
+the tenth part of a chomer: after the chomer
+shall the measure of contents be.
+
+12 And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs :
+(in pieces of) twenty shekels, five and twenty
+shekels, fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh.''
+
+13 Tf This is the heave-offering that ye
+shall offer: The sixth part of an ephah of a
+chomer of wheat; and ye shall give the sixth
+part of an ephah of a chomer of barley ;
+
+14 And the fixed "portion of oil shall be
+after the bath of oil, the tenth part of a bath
+out of the coi", ten baths reckoned to the
+chomer; for ten baths are a chomer;
+
+15 And one lamb out of the flock, out of
+two hundred, out of the fat pastures" of Is-
+rael, for meat-offerings, and for burnt^offer-
+ings, and for peace-offerings, to make an
+atonement for them, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+16 Tf All the people of the land shall be
+held bound for this heave-offering for the
+prince in Israel.
+
+17 And upon the prince shall be the duty
+to furnish the burnt^offerings, the meat-offer-
+ings, and the drink-offerings, on the feasts,
+and on the new-moon days, and on the sab-
+baths, on all the festive seasons of the house
+of Israel: he himself shall prepare the sin-
+offering, and the meat-offering, and the burnt-
+offering, and the peace-offerings, to make an
+atonement in behalf of the hou.se of Israel.
+
+
+' Lit. "expulsions," /'. c. the unjust dispossession of the
+people from their landed property.
+
+'' The nianeh was thus fixed at sixty shekels divided
+into fourths, five twelfths, and thirds of a maneh.
+
+'Jonathan and Redak, "the fatted." Rashi, "what
+IS pf^rmitted to Israel."
+
+'' Kashi takes the fc^stival here mentioned as being
+merely that of the consecration, to endure seven days;
+648
+
+
+18 Tl Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+In the first month, on the first of the month,
+shalt thou take a young bullock without ble-
+mish, and make an exjjiation for the sanc-
+tuary.
+
+19 And the priest shall take some of the
+blood of the sin-offering, and j^ut it upon the
+door-post of the house, and upon the four
+corners of the projection of the altar, and
+upon the door-post of the gate of the inner
+court.
+
+20 And so shalt thou do on the seventh
+day** of the month for every one that erreth,
+and for him that hath sinned unawares:* so
+•shall ye atone for the house.
+
+21 In the first month, on the fourteenth'
+day of the month, shall ye have the passover:
+a feast of seven days ; unleavened bread shall
+be eaten.
+
+22 And the prince shall prepare on that
+day in behalf of himself and in behalf of all
+the people of the land a bullock for a sin-
+offering.
+
+2.3 And on the seven days of the feast shall
+he prepare a burnt-offering to the Lord, seven
+bullocks and .seven rams without blemish on
+every day of the seven days; and for a sin-
+offering a he-goat on every day.
+
+24 And as a meat-offering an ejjhah for a
+bullock, and an ephah for a ram shall he
+prepare, and a hin of oil for each ephah.
+
+25 In the seventh month, on the fifteenth
+day of the month, on the feast, shall he pre-
+pare the like during the seven days, both
+the sin-offering, as also the burnt-oftering,
+and the meat-offering, and the oil.
+
+CHAPTER XLVI.
+
+1 *\\ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+The gate of the inner court that looketh to-
+ward the east shall remain locked the six
+working days; but on the sabbath day shall
+it be opened, and on the new-moon day shall
+it be opened.
+
+2 And the prince shall enter by the way
+
+
+but others suppose that the prophet here institutes a new
+annual celebration of the first and the seventh days of
+the first month, which are now only ordinary days.
+
+" Philippson, "through enticement." Zunz, "seduc-
+tion."
+
+' This either means that on this day the Passover sacri-
+fice shall be slain, or that at its termination the festival
+is to begin at evening.
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLVl.
+
+
+of the porch of the gate, from without, and
+shall stand by the door-post of the gate, and
+the priests shall pi'cpare his burnt-ofiering
+and his peace-offerings, and he shall bow him-
+self down at the threshold of the gate, and
+he shall then go forth ; but the gate shall not
+be locked until.the evening.
+
+o And the people of the land shall bow
+themselves down at the door of this same
+gate on the sabbaths and on ^he new-moons
+before the Lord.
+
+. 4 And the burnt-oflering which the prince
+is to offer unto the Lord, shall be on the sab-
+bath-dav six sheep without blemish, and a
+ram without blemish ;
+
+5 And as a meat-offering an eph ah for the
+ram, and for the sheep a meat-offering as his
+liand' may be able to give, and a hin of oil
+for every ephah.
+
+G And on the day of the new moon, a
+young bullock without blemish, and six .'<heep
+and a ram; without blemish shall they be.
+
+7 And an ephah for the bullock, and an
+ephah for the ram, shall he prepare as a
+meatoffering, and for the sheep according as
+his means may reach, and a hin of oil for
+every ephah.
+
+8 And when the prince doth enter, he
+shall go in by the way of the porch of the
+gate, and l^y the same way sliall he go
+forth.
+
+9 But when the people of the land come
+before the Lord on the appointed feasts, he
+that entereth in by the way of the north gate
+to bow himself down shall go out by the way
+of the south gate; and he that entereth by
+the way of the south gate shall go out by the
+way of the north gate : he shall not return
+by the way of the gate whereby he came in ;
+but by that opposite'' to him shall he go
+out.
+
+10 And as for the prince — in the midst of
+them, when they go in, shall he go in; and
+when they go out, shall they go out (to-
+gether).
+
+11 And on the feasts and on the appoint-
+ed festivals shall the meat-offering be an
+ephah for each bullock, and an ephah for
+
+
+* Lit. "a meat-offering the gift of his band."
+' Philippson, "straight forward .shall he go out."
+" Others, " to moisten ;" but we have followed one
+opinion quoted by Rashi.
+
+40
+
+
+each ram, and for the sheep as his hand may
+be able to give, and a hin of oil for every
+ephah.
+
+12 And when the prince doth prepare as a
+voluntary gift a burnt-offering, or a peace-
+offering, as a voluntary gift unto the Lord:
+then shall be opened for him the gate that
+looketh toward the east, and he shall prepare
+his burnt-offering and his peace-offering, as
+he usually doth on the sabbath-day; and he
+shall go out, and the gate shall be locked
+after his going out.
+
+13 And a sheep of the first year without
+blemish shalt thou prepare as a burnt-offering
+every day unto the Lord: morning by morn-
+ing shalt thou prepare it.
+
+14 And as a meat-offering shalt thou pre-
+pare with it, morning by morning, the sixth
+part of an ephah, and the third of a hin of oil,
+to mingle" with the fine flour — a meat-offering
+unto the Lord, as ordinances for ever con-
+tinually.
+
+15 Thus shall they prepare the sheep, and
+the meat-oflTering, and the oil, morning by
+morning, as a continual burnt-offering.
+
+16 T[ Thus hath said the Lord Eternal, If
+the prince make a gift unto any one of his
+sons, it is his inheritance, it shall belong to
+his sons: it shall be their possession as their
+inheritance.
+
+17 But if he make a gift of his inheritance
+to one of his servants: then shall it remain
+his to the year of freedom, when it shall re-
+turn to the prince; but his inheritance shall
+only remain for his sons.*
+
+18 But the prince shall not take any thing
+from the inheritance of the people, to wrong"
+them out of tlieir possession : out of his own
+possession can he give an inheritance to his
+sons; in order that not one of my people be
+deprived "^ of his possession.
+
+19 ][ And then he brought me through
+the entry, which was at the side of the gate,
+into the holy chambers for the priests, which
+looked toward the north : and, behold, there
+was a place by the back wall on the west
+side.
+
+20 And he said unto me, This is the place
+
+
+■* Zunz, "but his property (given to) his sons shall r?
+main theirs."
+
+° Philippson, "to drive them off."
+' Lit. "scattered."
+
+649
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLVI. XLVII.
+
+
+where the priests shall boil tlie trospass-ofter-
+ing and the sin-oft'ering, where (also) thej
+shall bake the ineat-offering ; so as not to
+carry the same out into the outer court, to
+mingle with the people.
+
+21 Then did he lead me forth into the
+outer court, and caused me to pass along the
+four corners of the court; and, behold, in
+every corner of the court there was a
+court."
+
+22 In the four corners of the court there
+were uncovered'' courts of forty cubits in
+length and thirty in l)readth: there was one
+measure for all these four in tlie corners.
+
+23 And there was a shelf of masonry round
+about in them, round about all these four,
+and it was furnished with liearths for boiling
+under the shelves round about.
+
+24 Then said he unto me, These are the
+places of those that boil, where the servants
+of the hou.se shall boil the sacrifice of the
+people.
+
+CHAPTER XLVII.
+
+1 And he brought me back again unto the
+door of the house: and, behold, water was
+issuing out from under the threshold of the j
+house eastward ; for the front of the house
+stood toward the east ; and the water came i
+down from under (the threshold), from the
+right side of the house, to the south of the
+altar.
+
+2 Then did he bring me out hy the wa^-
+of the gate northward, and led me about the
+way without unto the outer gate by the way
+that looked eastward : and, behold, the water
+was runaiing on tlie right side.
+
+3 When the man went forth eastward,
+having the measuring-line in his hand, he
+measured a thousaml cubits, and he led me
+tlii'ough the water, the water reaching to the
+ankles.
+
+4 Again he measured a thousand (cubits),
+and led me through the water, the water
+
+
+" Heb. "a court in a corner of a court; and a court
+in a corner of a court."
+
+'' After Mishnah Middoth, ii. §. 5; these small courts
+in tlie corners of the outer main court were spaced off
+with walls, and had no roofs; a row of hearths went all
+around them, on which the sacritices of a less degree of
+.sanctity were boiled.
+
+" Philippson; but Zunz, "into the sea of the destroy-
+ed (those taken out of life); i. f. the men of Sodom and
+C50
+
+
+reaching to the knees. Again he measured a
+thousand (cubits), and led me through, the
+water reaching to the loins.
+
+5 And he measured again a thousand (cu-
+bits), it being a stream that 1 could not wade
+tlirough ; for the water was increased, being
+water fit to swim in, a strean! that could not
+be waded through.
+
+G And he said unto me. Son of man, hast
+thou seen this? Then did he lead me. and
+caused me to return to the bank of the
+stream.
+
+7 Now when I i^eturned, behold, there
+were at the banks of the stream very many
+trees, on the one side and on the other.
+
+S Then said he unto me, These waters
+issue out toward the eastern district, and go
+down into the plain, and fall into the sea, (the
+waters) being'' carried forth into the se.a, so
+that the waters shall be healed.
+
+9 And it shall come to pass, that every thing
+that liveth, which moveth, whither.soever the
+double-stream'' shall come, shall live: and
+the fish shall be (therein) in great abun-
+dance; for when this water shall have come
+thither, (the waters of the sea) shall be heal-
+ed, and every thing shall live whither the
+stream cometh.
+
+10 And it shall come to pass, that the
+fishers shall stand by it; from 'En-gedi even
+unto 'En-'eglayim, there shall be places for
+the spreading out of nets: after their various
+kinds shall the fish thereof be, like the fi.sli
+of the great sea, exceedingly many.
+
+11 But its swamps and its lagoons shall
+not be healed, for (the production of) salt
+are they destined.
+
+12 And by the stream upon its banks, on
+this side and on that side, shall grow up all
+kinds of trees for food, the leaves of which
+shall not fade, and the fruit of which shall
+not come to an end, every month shall they
+bring forth new ripe fruit; because its water
+is that which issueth out of the sanctuary;
+
+
+vicinity. Rashi, "into the ocean which is separated from
+the habitable land."
+
+'' Zunz, after llashi, who supposes that the stream will
+divide itself into many branches, one falling in the lake
+of Tiberias, one in the Dead Sea, and another in the Me-
+diterranean. Philippson, simply, "the strong stream."
+The healing of the water spoken of refers to the Dead
+Sea, where no animal can now live, as even fish carried
+down by the Jordan immediately perish.
+
+
+iind tlieii" tViiit shall sorvo for
+leaves for remedies.
+
+13 Ti Thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+This shall be the boundary, whereby ye shall
+divide out the land unto the twelve tribes of
+Israel : Joseph shall have two portions.
+
+14 And ye shall inherit it, every one like
+the other, (the land) eoncerning which I lift-
+ed up my hand to aive it unto your fathers :
+and this land shall fall unto you for an in-
+heritance.
+
+15 And this shall be the boundary of the
+land : On the north side, from the great sea,
+the road to Chethlon, as far as to Zedad;
+
+16 Chamath, Berotliah. Sibrayim. which
+is between the boundary of Damascus and
+the boundary of Chamath ; Chazar-hattichon,
+which is by the bouiidaiv of Cliavran.''
+
+17 And the boundarj- shall be from the
+sea to Chazar-'enon, the boundary of Damas-
+cus, and the northern inirt" on the north, and
+the boundary of (Jhamath. And this is the
+north side.
+
+18 And the east side shall _ve measure be-
+tween Chavran and Damascus (on the one
+side), and between Gil'ad and the land of
+Israel (on the other side) by the Jordan,
+from the (north) boundary unto the east sea.
+And this is the east side.
+
+19 And the south side, on the south, from
+Thamar even to the waters of contention at
+Kadesh, toward the brook (flowing) into the
+Great Sea. And this is the south side on the
+south.
+
+20 And the west side shall be the great
+sea from the (southern) boundary, as tar as
+straight up to Chamath. This is the west
+side.
+
+21 And ye shall divide this land among
+yourselves according to the tribes of Israel.
+
+22 And it shall come to pass, that ye shall
+divide it by lot for an inheritance among your-
+selves, and to the strangers that sojourn in the
+mi<lst of you, who shall have begotten chil-
+dren in the midst of you; and they shall be
+unto you as the native born among the chil-
+dren of Israel: with you shall they obtain an in-
+heritance in the midst of the tribes of Israel.
+
+23 And it shall come to pass, that in what-
+
+
+* /. ('. Hduran, a district in the north-east of Palestine,
+afterward Auranitis.
+
+'' Zunz renders jisv •■ Zaphoii," as tiiough it wore the
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLVII. XLVIII
+
+bod, and their
+
+
+ever tribe the stranger sojourneth, there shall
+ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord
+Eternal.
+
+CHAPTER XLVIII.
+
+1 ][ Now these ai-e the names of the
+tribes : At the edge, on the north side, along
+the road on the way to Chethlon, as far as
+Chamath, Chazar-'enan, the boundary of
+Dama.seus northward, alongside of Chamath,
+there shall be from the east side to the west
+for Dan one portion.
+
+2 And Ij}' the boundary of Dan, from the
+east side unto the west side, for Asher one
+portion.
+
+3 And by the boundary of Asher, from the
+east side even unto the west side, for Naph-
+tali one portion.
+
+4 And by the boundary of Naphtali, from
+the east side unto the west side, for Menas-
+seh one portion.
+
+5 And by the boundary of Menasseh, from
+the east side unto the west side, for Ephraim
+one portion.
+
+6 And b}' the boundary of Ephraim, from
+the east side even unto the west side, for
+Reuben one portion.
+
+7 And by the boundary of Retiben, from
+the east side unto the west side, for Judah
+one portion.
+
+8 And by the boundary of Judah, from
+the east side unto the west side, shall be the
+oblation which ye shall set aside of five and
+twenty thousand rods in breadth, and in
+length as one of the other parts, from the
+east side unto the west side: and the sanc-
+tuary shall be in the midst of it.
+
+9 The oblation that ye shall set aside unto
+the Lord shall be in length five and twenty
+thousand (rods), and in breadth ten thou-
+sand.
+
+10 And to these shall belong the holy obla-
+tion,— namely to the priests, toward the
+north, five and twenty thousand rods (in
+length), and on the west ten thousand in
+breadth, and on the east ten thousand in
+breadth, and on the south five and twenty
+thousand in length : and the sanctuary of the
+Lord shall be in the midst of it.
+
+
+name of a place; but it may also, as rendered here, sim-
+ply denote the well-defined north boundary-line spoken
+of by Moses.
+
+651
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLVIII.
+
+
+11 Unto the priests, that are sanctitied,''
+of the sons of Zadok, who have kept my
+charge, who went not astray when the chil-
+dren of Israel went astraj-, as the Levites
+went astray.
+
+VI To them shall thus belong the portion
+set aside of the oblation of the land as a most
+holy thing by tlie boundary of the Levites.
+
+13 And the Levites shall have alongside
+the boundary of the priests five and twenty
+thousand rods in length, and in breadth ten
+thousand; the whole in length five and twenty
+thousand, and in breadth ten thousand.
+
+14 But they shall not sell aught thereof,
+or exchange, or alienate this first portion of
+the land ; for it is holy unto the Lord.
+
+15 And the five thousand rods, that are
+left in the breadth, with a length*" of five and
+twenty thousand, shall be an unconsecrated
+land for the city, for dwelling, and for an
+open space: and the city shall be in the
+midst thereof.''
+
+16 And these shall be its measures: The
+north side four thousand and five hundred
+(rods), and the south side four thousand and
+five hundred, and on the east side four thou-
+sand and five hundred, and the west side four
+thousand and five hundred.
+
+17 And the open space of the city shall be
+toward the north two hundred and fifty (rods),
+and toward the south two hundred and fifty,
+and toward the east two hundred and fifty,
+and toward the west two hundred and fifty.
+
+18 And the produce of the residue in
+length alongside the holy oblation ten thou-
+sand rods eastward, and ten thousand west-
+ward, that which is alongside the holy obla-
+tion, shall be for food unto the labourers'* of
+the city.
+
+' Jonathan ; but Rashi supplies before tyipon the
+word pSn " the sanctified portion .shall belong to the
+priests of the sons of Zadok."
+
+" Rashi. Lit. " in front."
+
+° The holy oblation of 25,000 square rods, or nearly
+fifty square miles, was divided into three parts from north
+to SDuth; a portion on the north of 10,000 rods in width,
+and "i.i.OOO ill length, for the priests, in the midst of
+which was tlie sanctuary or temple, surrounded by a wall
+500 rods square; next to this another portion of the
+same dimensions for the Levites, (v. 13, 14.); and on
+the south another portion of the same length, but only
+5000 rods in breadth, for the city, (v. 15). The city
+was situated in the midst of this portion, being 4500
+rods, or about nine miles square, having an open space
+of 250 rods, or about half a mile, on each side, (v. 17,)
+
+e62
+
+
+19 And the labourers of the city, men
+taken out of all the tribes of Israel, shall
+till" it.
+
+20 All the oblation, five and twenty thou-
+sand (rods) by five and twenty thousand
+square, shall ye set apart as the holy obla-
+tion, with the possession' of the city.
+
+21 And the residue shall belong to the
+prince, on the one side and on the other of
+the holy oblation, and of the pos.session of the
+city, alongside of the five and twenty thou-
+sand of the oblation toward the eastern
+boundary, and westward alongside the five
+and twenty thousand toward the western
+boundary, alongside the portions (of the
+tribes) ; for the prince (.shall it be) : and so
+shall be the holy oblation; and the sanctuary
+of the house shall be in the midst thereof ■
+
+22 And both the possession of the Levites,
+and the possession of the city, shalL be in
+the midst of that which belongeth to the
+prince: between the boundary of Judah and
+the boundary of Benjamin, shall be for the
+prince.
+
+23 As for the rest of the tribes, from the
+east side unto the west side, shall be for Ben-
+jamin one portion.
+
+24 And by the boundary of Benjamin,
+from the east side unto the west side, for
+Simeon one portion.
+
+25 And by the boundary of Simeon, from
+the east side unto the west side, for Issachar
+one portion.
+
+26 And by the boundary of Issachar, from
+the east side unto the west side, for Zebulun
+one portion.
+
+27 And by the boundary of Zebulun, from
+the east side unto the west side, for Gad one
+portion.
+
+
+leaving 10,000 rods, or nearly 10 miles on the east side,
+and the same on the west side, for the profit of those who
+serve the city out of all the tribes, (v. 18, 19.) On the
+east and west sides of this square of 25,000 rods, is the
+portion of the prince; each of which, estimating the
+breadth of the land at 150 miles, would form a square of
+50 miles.
+
+'' Who these labourers or servants are is not very appa-
+rent. Rashi thinks they are a sort of Gib'onites, hewers
+of wood and drawers of water; Rcdak, those who are in
+Jerusalem, as representatives of all the tribes; but Phi-
+lippson, soldiers, watchmen, and others connected with
+the public functions of government.
+
+° Zunz, " And as labourers in the city shall people
+taken out of all the tribes of Israel perform service."
+
+' Raslii, "circumference."
+
+
+EZEKIEL XLVIII.
+
+
+28 And by the boundary of Gad, on the
+Koutliern side toward the south, shall be the
+boundary from Thaniar unto the waters of
+contention of Kadesh, unto the brook by the
+Great Sea.
+
+29 This is the land which ^-e shall divide
+by lot for an inheritance to the tribes of Is-
+rael, and these are their allotted divisions,
+saitli the Lord Eternal.
+
+30 ]f And these are the outlines" of the
+city: On the north side, four hundred and
+four thousand rods, by the measure.
+
+31 And of the gates of the city, being after
+the names of the tribes of Israel, shall be
+three gates on the north: the gate of Reuben
+one, the gate of Jadah one, the gate of Levi
+one.
+
+
+'' Rashi, "gates," or the mean.s of egress; literally,
+"the goings out."
+
+'' An appellation signifying the constant presence of
+
+
+32 And on tlie east side, five hundred and
+four thousand rods, with three gates: namely,
+the gate of Joseph one, the gate of Benjamin
+one, the gate of Dan one.
+
+33 And the south side, five hundred and
+four thousand rods, by the measure, with
+three gates: the gate of Simeon one, the
+gate of Issachar one, the gate of Zebuluu
+one.
+
+34 The west side, five hundred and four
+thousand rods, wath their three gates: the
+gate of Gad one, the gate of Asher one, the
+gate of Naphtali one.
+
+35 All around it shall be eighteen thou-
+sand rods: and the name of the city shall be
+from that day " The Lord is there."''
+
+
+God's glory in the renewed sanctuary in the never to be
+destroyed city ; so do Isaiah (Ix. 14) and Jeremiah
+(xxxiii. 16) apply new names to Jerusalem.
+
+653
+
+
+THE
+
+
+TWELVE MINOR PROPHETS,
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF HOSEA,
+
+
+V^'\n riiXiDl
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The word of the Lord that came unto
+Hosea' the sou of Beeri, in the days of 'Uz-
+ziyah, Jotham, Achaz, (and) Hezekiah, the
+kings of Judah, and in the days of Jerobo'am
+tlie sou of JoJish the king of Israel.
+
+2 The beginning of the word of the Lord
+by Hosea was, that the Lord said to Hosea,
+Go, take unto tliee a wife of prostitution*" and
+children of prostitution; for the (inhabitants
+of the) land go far astray, departing from the
+Lord.
+
+o So he went and took Gomer the daugh-
+ter of Diblayim, and she conceived and bore
+him a son.
+
+4 And the Lord said unto him. Call his
+name Yizre'el;" for but yet a little while,
+when I will visit the blood of Yizre'el' upon
+the house of Jehu, and I will cau.se to cease
+the kingdom of the house of Israel.
+
+5 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+that I will break the bow of Israel in the
+valley of Yizre'el.
+
+* Correctly, IloxJica.
+
+^ Jonathan explains this alU'gorieally, "prophesy
+against the inhabitants of the city which worshippeth
+iiJols who yet add to their sin." Aben Ezra and Rara-
+bam regard the whole as a vision. Others, however, take
+it literally. "The children of prostitution," however,
+iiniy indicates those born of a woman of bad reputation,
+although at the time they saw the light she was a law-
+ful wife, and they were boru in wedlock. But whether a
+vision or actual occurrence, the pmpliet was t(j prefigurate
+thereby first the rejection, and then the reespuusal of Is-
+rael to God.
+
+° After the city of the name where some of the kings
+t)51
+
+
+6 And she conceived again, and bore a
+daughter: and he said unto him, Call her
+name Lo-ruchamah [Not finding mercy] ; for
+I will not farther have any more mercy upon
+the house of Israel; but I will give them
+their full recompense."
+
+7 But upon the house of Judah will I have
+mercy, and I will save them through the
+Lord their God, and I will not save them by
+the bow, or by the sword, or by battle, by
+horses, or by horsemen.
+
+8 Now when she had weaned Lo-ruch;i-
+mah, she conceived, and bore a son.
+
+9 Then said he, Call his name Lo-'ammi
+[Not my people] ; for ye are not my people,
+and I will indeed not be unto you (a
+God).
+
+CHAPTER II.'
+
+1 ]| Yet shall the number of the children
+of Israel (once) be like the sand of the sea,
+which cannot be measured nor numbered;
+and it shall come to pass, that instead that
+people say of them, Ye are not my people
+
+
+of Israel resided and committed their crimes. Jonathan
+
+renders the name, "driving out," taking it literally,
+"God will scatter."
+
+■^ Jonathan, "the blood of the hou.^c of Achab, whom
+Jehu ,'<lew at Yizre'el, because they had served IJa'al,
+where he afterward went and worshipped the calves in
+Beth-cl, wherefore I regard it as innocent blood against
+the hou.se of Jehu."
+
+° Kashi. Jonathan, "but if they repent, I will forgive
+them." Aben Ezra, "I will carry them away." Ivedak,
+"I will brini; unto them the enemv"
+
+
+' In the English version,
+verse 3.
+
+
+el
+
+
+Kiplcr ii. c-oiinnences at
+
+
+ROSEA II.
+
+
+[Lo-'animi], shall they call tliem, The sons
+of the living God.
+
+2 Then shall the children of Judah and
+the children of Israel be gathered together,
+and they will appoint for themselves one
+head, and they shall go up out of the land ;
+for great shall be the day of Yizre'el."
+
+3 Call ye your brothers, 'Animi [my peo-
+ple] ; and your sisters, Ruchamah [That hath
+obtained mercy].
+
+4 Contend with your mother, contend; for
+she is not my wife, and I am not her hus-
+band; but let her put away her prostitution
+from her face, and her adulteries from be-
+tween her breasts :
+
+5 Lest I strip her naked, and set her, as
+on the day that she was born, and make her
+as a wilderness, and render her like a dry
+land, and let her die with thirst.
+
+6 And upon her children will I not have
+mercy; for they are children of prostitution;
+
+7 For their mother hath played the har-
+lot ; she that conceived them hath done
+shamefully; for she said, I will go after my
+lovers, that give me my bread and my water,
+my wool and my tlax, m}- oil and my drink.
+
+8 Therefore, behold, I w^ill hedge up th}-
+way with thorns, and I will close it up with
+a fence, that she shall not tind lier paths.
+
+9 And she will make pursuit after her
+lovers, but she shall not overtake them ; and
+she will seek them, but shall not lind tliem :
+then will she say, I will go and return to my
+hrst husband; for it was better with me then
+than now.
+
+10 But she indeed did not acknowledge,
+that it was I that had given her the corn, and
+the wine, and the oil, and multiplied for her
+silver and gold, which they devoted for Ba'al.
+
+11 Therefore will I turn back,^ and take
+away my corn in its time, and my wine in its
+season, and I will snatch away my wool and
+my flax, (given) to cover her nakedness.
+
+12 And now will I lay open her disgrace
+before the eyes of her lovers, and no man
+shall deliver her out of my hand.
+
+
+' Johlson, "when God soweth."
+
+"■ .Toblson, " will I resume my corn," &e.
+
+' llashi, "the depth of the exile, where they are now
+grieved, will 1 give her a.s a door for hope, the beginning
+of hope; bceause out of the midst of these troubles will
+she take to heart to return unto me."
+
+'' ivx ish. "husband," hy2 ba'al, "master," also allud-
+
+
+13 And I will cause to cease all her mirth,
+her festival, her new-moon, and her sal>biitli,
+and all her appointed feasts.
+
+14 And I will make desolate her vine tmd
+her fig-tree, whereof she hath said. These are
+my reward which my lovers have given me :
+and I will change them into a forest, and the
+beasts of the field shall devour them.
+
+15 And I will visit upon her the days of
+the Be'alim, to which she used to burn in-
+cense, when she decked herself with her ear-
+rings and her jewels, and went after her
+lovers, and me she forgot, saith the Lord.
+
+16 Therefore, behold, will I allure her,
+and lead her forth into the wilderness, and I
+will speak comfortingly unto her heart.
+
+17 And I will give her (again) her vine-
+yards from there, and the valley of 'Achor
+[sorrow]" as an entrance for hope: and she
+shall sing there, as in the days of her youth,
+and as on the day of her coming up out of
+the land of Egypt.
+
+18 ^ And it shall happen at that day, saith
+the Lord, that thou shalt call me Ishi** [my
+husband], and shalt not call me any more
+Bti'ali [my lord].
+
+19 For I will remove the names of tlie
+Be'alim out of her mouth, and they shall no
+more l)e mentioned by their name.
+
+20 And I will make for them a covenant
+on that day with the beasts of the field, and
+with the fowls of the heaven, and with the
+creeping things of the groinid : and bow, and
+sword, and war I will lireak away out of the
+land, and I will cause them to lie down in
+safety.
+
+21 And I will betroth thee unto me for
+ever: yea, I will l)etroth thee unto me in
+righteousness, and in justice, and in loving-
+kindness, and in mercy.
+
+22 And I will betroth thee unto me in
+faithfulness; and thou shalt know the Lord.
+
+23 ^ And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that I will answer prayer, saith the
+Lord, I will answer the heavens, and they
+shall answer" the earth;
+
+
+ing to the names of the various idols of the West Asiatics,
+which shall never be worshipped any more.
+
+" i. e. As though the heavens were to ask of God that
+they might give rain, in answer to the petition of the
+earth, &c. Rashi here explains Yizre'el " the children
+of the exile, who were scattered but are now re-
+turned."
+
+G55
+
+
+HOSEA II. III. IV.
+
+
+24 And the earth shall answer the corn,
+and the wine, and the oil; and they shall
+answer Yizre'el.
+
+25 And I will sow her for me in the land;
+and I will have mercy upon " Her that had
+not obtained mercy" [Lo-ruchamah] ; and I
+will say to those who were " Not my people"
+[Lo-'ammi], Thou art my people: and they
+shall say, Thou art my God.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ][ Then said the Lokd unto me. Go once
+more, love a woman beloved of her husliand,
+yet committing adultery; like the love of the
+Lord toward the children of Israel, who turn
+themselves after other gods, and love flagons
+of wine."
+
+2 So I bought me such a one for fifteen
+pieces of silver, and for a chomer of barle})-,
+and half a chomer'' of barley.
+
+3 And I said unto her. Many days shalt
+thou abide (true) for me: thou shalt not
+play the harlot, and thou shalt not belong to
+any man, and so will I also be toward
+thee.°
+
+4 For many days shall the children of Is-
+rael abide without a king, and without a
+prince, and without a sacrifice, and without a
+standing image, and without an ephod and
+theraphim.''
+
+5 After that will the children of Israel re-
+turn, and seek for the Lord their God and
+David their king; and fearing will they
+hasten to the Lord and to his goodness in
+the latter days.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Tl Hear the word of the Lord, ye chil-
+dren of Israel; for the Lord hath a contro-
+versy with the inhabitants of the land; be-
+
+' Philippson, after the Septuagint, "cakes of raisins,"
+which are said U> have been frequently used at idolatrous
+ceremonies.
+
+"Heb. "lethech."
+
+" After Aben Ezra and Redak, taking x'?! as belonging
+also to the last part of the sentence ; but Jonathan, " And
+I also will in future have mercy upon you."
+
+* The prophet describes here exactly our present state,
+as it has also been for many centuries — neither altar of
+God nor idolatry, no consulting by the true priests nor by
+idols: while we still adhere to Jhe Lord notwithstanding
+our sins.
+
+' t. c. The blood of one murdered person touches that
+cif another. Others, however, "they heap one blood-
+guiltiness on the other."
+
+
+cause there is no truth, nor kindness, nor
+knowledge of God in the land.
+
+2 There is false swearing, and lying, and
+murdering, and stealing, and committing
+adultery: they break the bounds, and blood
+toucheth on blood. '
+
+3 Therefore shall the land mourn, and
+every one that dwelleth therein shall lan-
+guish, with the beasts of the field, and with
+the fowls of the heaven: yea, also the fishes
+of the sea shall perish.
+
+4 Yet let no man strive, let no man re-
+prove another: and thy people are conten-
+tious equally with the priest.'
+
+5 Therefore shalt thou stumble in the day-
+time, and the prophet also shall stumble with^'
+thee in the night; and I will destroy thy
+mother.''
+
+6 My people are destroyed for lack of
+knowledge; because thou hast rejected know-
+ledge, so will I also reject thee, that thou shalt
+not be a priest to me ; and as thou hast for-
+gotten the law of thy God, so will I myself
+also forget thy children.
+
+7 The more they increased, the more did
+they sin against me: therefore will I change
+their glory into shame.
+
+8 The sin-offering of my people do they
+eat, and for their iniquity doth the soul of
+each one of them long.'
+
+9 Therefore shall the same befall Ijoth
+people and priest: and I will punish every
+one of them for his ways, and recompense
+every one for his doings.
+
+10 And they will eat, and shall not be sa-
+tisfied; they will commit lewdness, and they
+shall not increase; because the Lord have
+they forsaken (not) keeping (his law).
+
+11 Lewdness and wine and new wine take
+away the heart.''
+
+' Philippson, "both thy people and the priests are op
+ponents (of God)." Zunz, "for both thy people and the
+priest are deserving blame." llashi, and after him Johl-
+son, " thy people contend with the priests." Jonathan,
+"with their teacher." Redak, "and now thy people can
+reprove the priest, who is as bad as they are." Others,
+"like Korah, who contended about the priesthood."
+
+* Jonathan, "the prophets that are with thee."
+
+'' i. e. The entire people, as they shall be scattered.
+
+' i. c. They care nothing how much wrong be done, so
+that they only get sacrifices brought to the temple as their
+perquisites.
+
+' Meaning, idolatry and drunkenness, with the indul-
+gence of the passions, deprive Israel of their reason ; true
+wisdom being only found in obedienc-e to God.
+
+
+b:XKlvll-_l, )^\ "1 H K In' I \ !■: 1\' Kl-;il.AK
+
+
+IIOSKA IV. V.
+
+
+12 My people ask counsel of their stick of
+wood, and their staft' shall tell them (the fu-
+lure); for the spirit of lewdness hath caused
+them to err, and they are gone astray unfaith-
+ful to their God.
+
+13 Upon the tops of the mountains do they
+sacrifice, and upon the hills burn they in-
+cense, under oaks and poplars and terebinths,
+because their shadow is good: therefore will
+your daughters play the harlot, and your
+daughters-in-law will commit adultery.
+
+14 I cannot inflict punishment on your
+daughters when they play the harlot, nor on
+your daughters-in-law when they commit
+adultery; for they themselves associate with
+lewd women, and with harlots do they sacri-
+fice: and so doth the people that doth not
+understand stumble."
+
+15 Yet though thou play the harlot, 0
+Israel, let not Judah offend: and come not
+ye unto Gilgal,'' nor go ye up to Beth-aven,
+nor swear. As the Lord liveth.
+
+IG For like an untamable cow is Israel
+disobedient: now would the Lord have fed
+them as a sheep in a wide pasture."
+
+17 Ephraim is bound to idols: let him
+alone.
+
+1 8 Their drinking bout will come to an end :
+while they are so often guilty of lewdness, their
+rulers love, prepare themselves but shame.
+
+19 The wind seizeth fast on them with its
+wings, and they shall be ashamed because of
+their sacrifices.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ Hear this, 0 ye priests; and listen
+well, 0 ye house of Israel ; and give ye ear,
+0 house of the king; for the punishment
+threateneth'' 3"ou; because ye have been a
+snare on Mizpah, and a net spread out upon
+Thabor.
+
+2 And for murdering they who had re-
+belled (against God) concealed themselves"
+
+" Redak. Rashi, "shall falter and meet its punish-
+meut." Septuagint and Aben Ezra, "lose its rea-
+son."
+
+*■ (. e. The people of Judah are warned not to go to the
+places where the golden calves are worshipped. Bcfh-
+aivn, "the house of wickedness," instead oi Beth-d, "the
+house of God." And even to swear by the Lord with
+the idolaters is prohibited, because they swore falsely.
+(Jer. V. 2.)
+
+° After Redak, meaning, had they been obedient, God
+would have shown them much goodness. Rashi, how-
+i H
+
+
+in deep places; but I will inflict correction
+on them all.
+
+3 I well know Ephraim, and Israel is not
+hidden from me; for now, 0 Ephraim, hast
+thou played the harlot, (and) Israel is defiled.
+
+4 Their doings will not permit them to re-
+turn unto their God ; for the spirit of lewd-
+ness is in their bosom, and the Lord they
+have not known.
+
+5 Therefore shall the pride of Israel be
+humbled before his face: and Israel and
+Ephraim shall stunil)le in their inirpiity;
+Judah also shall stumble with them.
+
+n With their flocks*^ and with their herds
+will they go to seek the Lord; but they shall
+not find him.: he hath withdrawn himself
+from them.
+
+7 Against the Lord have they dealt treach-
+erously; for strange children have they be-
+gotten : now shall one month devour them
+together with their possessions.
+
+8 ^ Blow ye the cornet in Gib'ah, the
+trumpet in Ramah : blow the alarm at Beth-
+aven, (The enemy is) after thee, 0 Benja-
+min.
+
+9 Ephraim shall be made desolate on the
+day of chastisement : among the tribes of Is-
+rael had I made known that which is true.
+
+10 The princes of Judah were like those
+that remove the landmark : my wrath, there-
+fore, will I pour out upon them like water.
+
+11 Oppres.sed is Ephraim, broken through
+punishment; because he willingly walked af-
+ter the commandment (of false prophets) .*-'
+
+12 But like the moth became I unto
+Ephraim, and like rottenness to the house
+of Judah."
+
+13 Then saw Ephraim his sickness, and Ju-
+dah his wound, and Ephraim went \o Asshur,
+and (the other) sent to the king that should
+contend [Jareli] ; but he will never be able to
+heal you, nor remove froni you your wound.
+
+14 For I am as a lion imto Ephraim, and
+
+ever, "Now will the Lord feed them sparingly, like a
+sheep that hath to pick up its food in a large pasture
+where little groweth."
+
+•^ Rashi. Jonathan, "for yours it was to know the
+law, but," &c.
+
+° Aben Ezra supplies, "their net.s," instead of "them-
+selves."
+
+' Rashi explains, " with their sacrifices."
+
+8 Rashi.
+
+'' "The worm that eateth the tree and grindeth it up."
+— R.^sni.
+
+057
+
+
+as a
+even
+away
+liver.
+
+ir,
+
+
+young lion to the house of Judah: I,
+I myself will tear in pieces and go
+; I will bear away, and none shall de-
+
+
+I will go (from here, and) return to
+my place, till they acknowledge their guilt,
+and seek my presence : in their affliction will
+they seek" for me.
+
+
+HOSEA V. VI. VII.
+
+10 On the house of Israel have I seen a
+horrible thing: there is lewdness in Ephrairn,
+Israel is become defiled.
+
+11 Also for thee, 0 Judah, will a harvest
+be prepared/ when I bring back the captivity
+of my people.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 "Come, and let us return unto the Lord;
+for he hath torn, and he will heal us: he
+hath smitten, and he will l»ind up our
+wounds.
+
+2 He will revive us after two days: on the
+third day he will raise us up, and we shall
+live in his presence.
+
+3 And l^t us feel it, that we may strive to
+know the Lord; bright as the morning-dawn
+is his rising; and he will come as the rain
+v,nto us, as the latter rain that maketh fruits
+I'ul the earth."
+
+4 What shall I do unto thee, 0 Ephrairn?
+what .shall I do unto thee, 0 Judah? for your
+piety is as a morning cloud, and as the early
+dew that passeth away.
+
+5 Therefore did I hew (them) down by
+means of the prophets; I slew them by the
+words of Tny mouth : and thy punishments''
+go forth like the light.
+
+6 For piety I desired, and not sacrifice;
+and the knowledge of God, more than burnt-
+otferings.
+
+7 But they, like an ordinary man, have
+transgressed the covenant: there'' have. they
+dealt treacherously again.st me.
+
+8 Gil'ad is become a city of workers of
+wickedness, is full (if traces'' of blood.
+
+9 And'as trooj)s that lie in wait for a man,
+so is the band of priests, they murder on the
+way in unison;" for they commit scandalous
+deeds.
+
+' Jonathan, "will they desire my fear."
+
+'' Jdiiathaii, "my decree (!.<■. over thee) g(ieth forth
+like the light." Rashi, however, "how eould I favour
+you against the punishment?"
+
+° i. e. In their good land given them by God.
+
+■^ As though it were marked with the heels besmeared
+with the fresh blood through which they walked. Rashi,
+freely, "full of those who lie in wait to murder."
+
+" Others, "on the road to Shechem (a city of refuge)
+do thiy commit murder."
+
+' I'iiilippsim. Rashi, "will a time of punishment be
+jireparcd, because T desired to bring them back by ad-
+nionisliing them from their baekslidintr"
+6.5«
+
+
+1 Tl Sliould I desire to heal Israel, then
+would the iniquity of Ephraim and the wick-
+edness of Samaria be laid open ; for they com-
+mit falsehood ; and the thief entereth (secret-
+ly), and the troop of roljbers is spread al)road
+without.
+
+2 And they never think in their own
+heart that I remember all their wickedness:
+though now their own doings are all round
+about them ; before my face are they present.
+
+3 With their wickedness they make the
+king glad, and with their lies the princes.
+
+4 They are all adulterers, as an oven well
+heated by the baker: (when) he that stirreth
+(the fire") resteth awhile from kneading the
+dough, until it be leavened._
+
+5 On the day of our king's (entering on his
+rule) the princes are made sick with the
+fumes of wine: (the king)^ joineth his hand
+with scorners.
+
+6 For they make ready their heart for
+their tricky deeds, like the oven, the baker
+whereof sleepeth all the night, while in the
+morning it gloweth as a flaming fire.''
+
+7 The}' are all hot as an oven, and they
+devour their judges; all their kings are fallen :
+there is none among them that calleth unto
+me.
+
+8 Ephraim mixeth himself indeed among
+the nations: Ephraim is a cake not turned."
+
+9 Strangers devour his strength, and he
+knoweth it not : yea, gray hairs are sprinkled
+about on his (head), yet he knoweth not.
+
+10 And hum!)led was the pride of Israel
+
+' Rashi, " he withdraweth his hand from the good to join
+the .scorners." I'hilippson makes "wine" the munitiative
+to the verb, and translates, "which through its power draw-
+eth forth the scorners;" /. e. when drunk with wine they
+will give utterance to their hitherto secret scornfulness.
+
+'' The fuel is placed in the oven, and when the time
+comes, it is ready for baking, though the baker have
+slept in the mean while; so is it with the people, during
+the night they reflect in secret on the crimes they are to
+commit during the day, and then they are ready to follow
+their evil inclinations.
+
+' Redak, "burnt on one, and not done on the other
+side " Jonathan, "eaten up before it was turned."
+
+
+IIOSEA VII. VIII.
+
+
+before lii.s own face; but they did not return
+to the LoKD their God. and sought him not,
+notwithstanding all this.
+
+11 And Ephraini is become like a silly
+dove without understanding: Egypt did they
+call hither, to Assyria did they go.
+
+12 As they go, so will I spread out my net
+over them ; as the fowls of the heaven will I
+bring them down: I will chastise them, as
+it hath been announced to their congrega-
+tion.
+
+13 Wo unto theml for they have fled from
+me; destruction shall come unto them, be-
+cause they have transgressed against me:
+though I desired to redeem them, they yet
+spoke lies against me.
+
+14 And they cried not unto me with their
+heart, when they howled upon their beds:
+for corn and new wine they assemble" them-
+selves, and they rebel against me.
+
+15 And I desired to instruct and to strength-
+en their arms ; yet would they devise evil
+against me.
+
+10 They never return upward ;'' they are
+like a deceitful bow; by the sword shall
+their princes fall because of the rage of their
+tongue : this shall be their derision in the
+land of Egypt.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 Set the cornet to thy mouth. (Let' the
+enemy come) like the eagle against the house
+of the Lord; because they have transgressed
+my covenant, and against my law have they
+trespassed.
+
+2 To me will they then cry, My God, we,
+Israel, know thee.
+
+3 (But) Israel did reject the good :'' st) let
+the enemy pursue him.
+
+4 They set up kings, but not l)y my
+advice; they chose princes, and I knew it
+
+" Philippson, "they rave about corn and new wine."
+
+'■ Rashi, "they returned to Egypt without any benefit."
+Redak, "to the'Most High."
+
+° Raslii; but Redak, "Let the cornet be blown, be-
+cause the enemy cometh."
+
+■* i. e. Gcid who is good; so x\ben Ezra. Other.s, "Is-
+rael cast off his happiness."
+
+° Redak; but Raslii, "that their wealth may be
+wasted."
+
+' Rashi.
+
+' i. c. The calves of Jerobo'am were Israel's handi-
+work, made by an artisan, cousefjueutly not able to help
+themselves nor their worshippers.
+
+"Philippson; meaning, Israel was destined to dwell
+
+
+not: of their silver and their gold have they
+made themselves idols, so that they" will be
+cut ofl".
+
+5 Thy calf, 0 Samaria, hath caused thy
+rejection ;'^ my anger is kindled against them:
+how long will it be that they cannot cleanse
+themselves ?
+
+G For from Israel did also that (idol)
+spring;*^ an artisan made it, and no God is it:
+so then shall it become broken in splinters —
+that calf of Samaria.
+
+7 For the wind do they sow, and the whirl-
+wind shall they reap : (their seed) bringeth
+no standing corn; the jslant yieldeth no meal;
+but should it yield it, strangers would swal-
+low it up.
+
+8 Swallowed up is Israel : now are they
+among the nations as a ves.sel without any
+value.
+
+9 For they are needs gone up to Assyria,
+they who like a wild ass should dwell alone :''
+Epliraim spendeth lovers' gifts.
+
+10 But even though they should spend
+gifts among the nations, now will I gather
+them : and they shall be humbled' a little
+through the burden of the king of princes.
+
+11 Because Ephraini hath multiplied altars
+to sin, the altars have been unto him the
+means of sinning.
+
+12 I ever wrote down for him the great
+things of my law; but as a strange thing are
+they accounted.
+
+13 My sacrificial ofierings they slay as
+common flesh that they may eat it;'' the Lord
+accepteth them not in favour: now will he
+remember their iniquity, and visit their sins;
+they shall indeed return to Egypt-
+
+14 For Israel forgot his Maker, and built
+palaces; and Judah multiplied fortified cities;
+but I will .'<end a fire among hi^* cities, and it
+shall devour their fine edifices.
+
+alone and not mingle with the nations; and now they
+sent to Assyria for aid. But Rashi, " they are made like
+the wild ass that goeth alone, snuffing the wind, roaming
+from place to place."
+
+' Rashi, from Shr\, "to profane," hence, "to lower;"
+but Aben Ezra, " they shall commence (to complain) be-
+cause of the burden of king and princes."
+
+'Rashi, "the sacrifices of my burnt-offerings which
+they burn before me on the tire which is on my altar,
+what do I require this for? let them slay them for them-
+selves as flesh, that they may eat them; for I have no
+pleasure in them." The translation here adopted means,
+that they bring indeed sacrifices, but not from a pure mo-
+tive, only to have a merry-making and to eat the flesh.
+' ■' -^669
+
+
+HOSEA IX. X.
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ]1 Rejoice not, 0 Israel, for gladness, as
+other people; for thou art gone astra}', un-
+laithful to thy God: thou hast loved the
+wages of sin upon every corn-filled threshing-
+floor.
+
+2 The threshing-floor and tlie wine-press
+shall not feed them, and the new wine shall
+deceive them."
+
+3 They shall not dwell in the land of the
+Lord; but Ephraim shall return to Egypt,
+and in Assyria will the}' eat unclean things.
+
+4 They shall not pour out wine to the
+Lord, and (their offerings) shall not be pleas-
+ing unto him ; their sacrifices shall be unto
+them as the bread of mourners; all that eat
+thereof shall be polluted; for this their food
+can only be for themselves,*" it shall not come
+into the house of the Lord.
+
+5 What will ye do on the day of the ap-
+pointed festival, and on the day of the feast
+of the Lord?
+
+G For, lo, they are gone forth because of
+the desolation; Egypt will gather them up,
+Moph will bury them: the pleasant chambers
+for their silver, — these shall nettles take pos-
+session of; thorns shall (grow) in their tents.
+
+7 Come are the days of the visitation, come
+are the days of thy recompense ; this shall
+Israel experience : a fool was the prophet,
+mad the inspired man, because of the great-
+ness of thy iniquity, and the great hatefulness.
+
+8 The watchman of Ephraim with my
+God," the prophet, was a snare of the fowler
+on all his ways, a hateful thing in the liouse
+of his god.
+
+9 They are deeply corrupt, as in the days
+of Gib' ah: he will rememl)er their iniquity,
+he will visit their sins.
+
+10 ^ Like grapes in the wilderness had I
+found Israel; as the first ripe fruit on the fig-
+tree in the first of the season had I seen your
+fathers ; but they too went to Ba'al-pe'or, and
+devoted themselves unto that shameful idol,
+
+
+"■ i. e. Not. yield what is ospccted.
+'' Zunz, "for their bread should bo for their hunger."
+" Zunz; but Rashi, "Ephraim set themselves up their
+own prophets, who draw them to their idols, and for the
+true prophets they lay a snare." Johlson, "Ephraim
+lookcth after oracle, near my God : the prophet is to him
+a fowler's snare on all his ways, an offence in the house of
+his god."
+660
+
+
+and becauie' abominations as those they
+loved.
+
+11 As for Ephraim, their glory shall fly
+away like a bird : there is no more birth, and
+no pregnancy, and no conception.
+
+12 But though they were to bring up tlieir
+children, yet would I bereave them, that
+there should be no man : yea. wo also to
+themselves, when I depart from them!
+
+13 Ephraim, as I have seen him like Tyre,
+planted in a pleasant meadow, — yet this
+Ephraim shall lead forth to the nnn'derer
+his children.
+
+14 Give them, 0 Lord, what thou wilt
+give! give them a miscarrying womb and
+dried-up breasts.
+
+15 All their wickedness is in Gilgal; for
+there I (learnt to) hate them; for the wick-
+edness of their doings will I drive them out
+of my house: I will love them no farther; all
+their princes are rebels.
+
+16 Smitten is Ephraim, their root is dried
+up, they shall bear no fruit; yea, though
+they should bring forth, yet would I slay the
+beloved fruit of their tody.
+
+17 My God will reject them, because they
+did not hearken unto him : and they shall be
+Wanderers among the nations.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ An emptied vine is Israel ; how should"
+he bring forth fruit for himself? the more
+numerous was his fruit the more he increased
+the altars ; the more prosperous was his land,
+the more they made goodly statues.
+
+2 Their heart is divided; now shall they
+bear their guilt: this will break down their
+altars, will devastate their statues.
+
+3 For now will they say, We have' no
+king; because we fear not the Lord: and
+the king — what can he do for us?
+
+4 They have spoken (vain) words, swearing
+falsely in making a covenant: therefore
+springeth up the punishment as poison in
+the furrows of the field.
+
+
+•* Rashi, "when they loved the daughters of Moab."
+" Redak. Others, "his fruit is deception like him
+self." Philippson, after the Septuagint, "A rank vine
+is Israel; it beareth fruit," &c. Rashi, "Israel is like
+the vine that droppeth all its good fruit."
+
+' Philippson, "We will have no king;" but Rashi, "We
+have no king; for him whom we have appointed over us
+to fight our battles, &c., availeth us nothing."
+
+
+HOSEA X. XI.
+
+
+5 For the calves of Beth-aven are terrified
+the inhabitants of Samaria: yea, the people
+thereof mourn over them, and also its false
+priests that (before) rejoiced over them, for its
+glory, because it is departed from it.
+
+G Also this" sliall be carried unto Assyria
+for a present to the contentious*" king:
+Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel
+shall be ashamed because of his own counsel.
+
+7 As for Samaria, her king shall vanish
+like the foam upon the surface of the water.
+
+8 And destroyed shall be the high-places
+of Aven, (the cause of) the sin of Israel ;
+the thorn and the thistle shall grow upon
+their altars: and they sliall say to the
+mountains. Cover us; and to the hills, Fall
+upon us.
+
+9 ^ More" than in the days of Gib' ah hast
+thou sinned, 0 Israel! there they stood; and
+the battle in Gib'ah against the children of
+wickedness did not overtake them.
+
+10 (But now) after my desire will I chas-
+tise them : and the people sliall be gathered
+against them, when they harness them (for
+labour) in their two furrows.
+
+11 And Ephraim is as a well-taught'
+heifer that lovetli to tread out the corn; and
+I passed over^ her fair neck : now will I make
+Ephraim draw the wagon, Judali shall plough,
+and Jacob shall harrow the held for the
+enemy.
+
+12 Sow then for yourselves after righteous-
+ness, that you may reap (the fruit) of kind-
+ness; cultivate your fallow field; for it is
+time to seek the Lord, till he come and rain
+righteousness down for you.
+
+13 (But) ye have ploughed wickedness,
+iiii(fuity have ye reaped, ye have eaten the
+fruit of lies; because thou didst trust in thy
+
+^ The goltlen calf.
+
+'' Rashi, "this is Sennacherib." Others, "king Ja-
+reb."
+
+° Aben Ezra; but Raishi, "From the time of Gib'ah,"
+&c. — " the same course they always pursued, therefore
+they succeeded not in their battle at Gib'ah," &c. Zunz,
+"then they stood forward against the wicked whom the
+war in Gib'ah could not overtake."
+
+^ Rashi, "Broken in by blows of the goad;" meaning,
+that notwithstanding much punishment the people still
+love to indulge their pleasure, like a cow that is willing
+to thresh out the corn that she may eat her fill at the
+same time.
+
+" Redak, "to put on a light yoke." Others, "now I
+come with force over her fair neck."
+
+' Rashi, "I was always drawing them with soft cords
+
+
+own way, in the multitude of tliy mighty
+men :
+
+14 Therefore shall a tumult arise among
+thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be
+wasted, as Shalman devastated Beth-arbel on
+the day of battle, (when) the mother was
+dashed in pieces upon her children.
+
+1-5 The like of this doth Beth-el procure
+unto you because of your great wickedness :
+in the early morning shall utterly pass away
+the king of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 When Israel was yet young, then I loved
+him, and out of Egypt did I call my son.
+
+2 The (prophets) called them; but the
+more they went from them: unto the Be'alim
+would they sacrifice, and to the graven images
+would they burn incense.
+
+3 Yet I myself appointed a leader for
+Ephraim, who took them up in his arms; but
+they would not acknowledge that I healed
+them.
+
+4 With Imman*^ cords I ever drew them
+forward, with leading-strings of love : and I
+was to them as those that lift' off" the yoke
+from their jaws, and I held out unto them
+footl.
+
+5 He should not return unto the land of
+Egypt: yet (now) is the Assyrian his king;
+because they refused to repent.
+
+6 And the sword shall fall on his cities,
+and shall make an end of his bou"hs,'' and
+consume them, because of their (evil) coun-
+sels.
+
+7 For my people are only bent on back-
+sliding' from me ; and though upward'' they
+call them, they altogether will not elevate
+themselves.
+
+
+(leading-strings) as those by which a man draweth his
+son."
+
+' Aben Ezra, "like those men who make high tlie
+yoke of the heifer to lift it off from her jaws time after
+time." Rashi adds, "so was I with them in all troubles
+to make them lighter for them."
+
+" Zunz, "bolts," ('. e. of the cities. Jonathan, "his
+mighty ones;" but Aben Ezra, "the boughs," ('. e. the
+young people.
+
+' Rashi, "My people hesitate about returning to me."
+
+' Rashi, (as above, vii. 16,) "and to the good tiling to
+which the prophets call them they altogether will not
+elevate themselves, and will not do it :" and so Philipp-
+son; but Redak, "though to the Most High they call
+them back, there is no one that will extol him;" i. r. they
+refuse to follow the prophets to acknowledge God's power.
+
+
+HOSEA XI. XII. XIII.
+
+
+8 How shall I give thee up, Ephraim?
+how shall I surrender thee, Israel ? how shall
+I make thee as Admah? how shall I change
+thee as Zeboyim? turned is my heart within
+me, all my compassion is enkindled together.
+
+9 I will not execute the fierceness of my
+anger, I will not again" destroy Ephraim; for
+God am I, and not man, the Holy One in the
+midst of thee, and I will not come with an
+enemy's hatred.
+
+10 They shall follow after the Lord, when
+he will roar like a lion ; for he will roar, and
+the children shall hasten together from the
+west;
+
+11 They shall hasten together as birds out
+of Egypt, and as doves out of the land of As-
+syria: and I will cause them to dwell in their
+houses, saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XII."
+
+1 Tl With lies hath Ephraim encompassed
+me about, and with deceit, the hou,se of Is-
+rael ; but Judah yet ruleth" with God, and is
+faithful to the Holy One.
+
+2 Ephraim feedeth on wind, and pursueth
+the east wind ; tlie whole day he increaseth
+deceit and corruption ; and a covenant do
+they make with Assyria, and oil is carried
+into Egypt.
+
+3 But with Judah also hath the Lord (to
+hold) a controversy; and to punish Jacob ac-
+cording to his ways, according to his doings
+will he recompense him.
+
+4 In the womb he took his brother by the
+heel, and in his strength he strove with an
+angel.
+
+5 Yea, he strove with an angel, and pre-
+vailed; he wept, and made supplication unto
+him: in Beth-el'' he should lind him, and
+there he will speak with us.
+
+6 And the Lokd God of hosts, the Eternal
+One is his memorial.''
+
+7 Therefore do thou return to thy God:
+
+
+* Zunz; but Raslii, " I will not withdraw from my word
+to," &c.
+
+"' In the English vcrnion, chap. xii. (•onimeiR-es at ver. 2.
+
+° Others, "Judah also raiij^rth about nuar God ( /'. e.
+worshippeth God and iddl.s) and near the faithful Holy
+«ne."
+
+* No doubt alluding to the blessing Jacob obtained
+from the angel, (Gen. xxxii. 27,) which was afterward
+confirmed by God himself in the revelation at Betb-el.
+(i6('</. XXXV. 9.)
+
+" Rashi comments here that this means, as though God
+bim.«elf said, "a.s T was alway.s, so am 1 now, and if vmi
+01)2
+
+
+keep goodness and justice, and wait on thy
+God continually.
+
+8 But like a merchant, who hath the ba-
+lances of deceit in his hand, loving to over-
+reach,
+
+9 Did Ephraim say, I am certainly become
+rich, I have acquired substance unto myself:
+it is all through my labours; they will find
+no iniquity in me, that could be sin.
+
+10 And I am the Lord thy God from the
+land of Egypt: I will yet make thee dwell in
+tents, as in the days of antiquity. "^
+
+11 And I have spoken through the pro-
+phets, and I myself have multiplied visions,
+and by the means of the prophets have I
+spoken in similitudes.
+
+12 If in Gil'ad there was misfortune, (it is
+because) there was naught but idolatry;" in
+Gilgal they sacrificed bullocks (to idols) :
+their altars also are as stone-heaps on the
+furrows of the fields.
+
+13 And Jacob fied into the fields of Syria,
+and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he
+kept (the flocks).
+
+14 And by a prophet did the Lord bring
+Israel out of Egypt, and by a prophet was he
+guarded.
+
+15 (Yet) Ephraim provoked (him^ to anger
+most bitterly: therefore will his Lord cast
+his blood-guiltiness ujjon him, and his re-
+proach will he recompense unto him.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 T[ When once Ephraim spoke, (all) trem-
+bled, so high was lie exalted in Israel; but
+he offended through Ba'al, and he died.
+
+2 And now they yet continue to sin. and
+have made themselves molten images of their
+silver, idols according to their own imagining,
+every one of them the work of the artisan :
+they say to'' them, They that sacrifice men
+may kiss the calves.
+
+3 Therefore shall they be as the morning
+
+would walk with me in uprightness as Jacob your father,
+I would act toward you as T did to him "
+
+' Jonathan. Kashi comments, that God would restore
+those who study the law as in Jacob's days, who was
+said to dwell in tents. Redak, "God would cause us to
+dwell in tents as in the wilderness, when we are redeem-
+ed from the nations to show us his power." Philiiijison,
+"as in the days of the feast" (of tabernacles) in joy and
+gladness.
+
+^ Rashi; but Zunz, "If vanity and false gods were in
+Gil'ad, then they sacrificed steers in Gilgal."
+
+'' Rashi; /. i: to those who come to sacriGce
+
+
+IIOSEA XIII. XIV.
+
+
+cloud, and as tlie dew that early passeth
+away, as the chaff that is driven by the
+whirlwind out of the threshing-floor, and as
+smoke out of a window.
+
+4 Yet I am the Lord thy God from the
+land of Eg\-pt: and no god but me shall
+thou know, and there is no saviour beside
+me.
+
+5 I myself did provide for thee in the wil-
+derness, in the land of great drought.
+
+6 When they came to their pasture, they
+became sated; they Avere sated, and their
+heart was lifted up: therefore have they for-
+gotten me.
+
+7 And now will I be unto them as a lion :
+as a leopard will I lie in wait by the way.
+
+8 I will meet them as a bear bereaved of
+her whelps, and I will rend their closed-up"
+heart; and I will devour them there like a
+lioness, the beasts of the field shall rend them.
+
+9 Thou hast destroyed thyself, 0 Israel;
+for against me, against thy helper*' (didst thou
+rebel.)
+
+10 Where then is now thy king, that he
+may save thee in all thy cities ? and thy
+judges, since thou saidst, Give me a king,
+and princes ?
+
+11 I give thee a king in my anger, and
+take him away in my wrath.
+
+12 ]| Bound up is the iniquity of Ephraim,
+treasured up is his sin. •
+
+1.8 The pains of a travailing woman shall
+come upon him; he is an unwise son; for he
+will not remain steadfast at the time of the
+breaking forth of the child.
+
+14 From the power of the grave would I
+ransom them, from death AVould I redeem
+them; (but now) where are thy plagues, 0
+death, where is thy pestilence, 0 grave? com-
+passion shall be hidden from my eyes.
+
+15 Though he grow luxuriantly in green
+meadows, the east wind shall come, the
+wind of the Lord, rising up from the wil-
+derness, and his spring shall ])ecome dry,
+
+•and his fountain shall he dried up: the
+
+* Kashi. Eng. ver. "the caul (pericardium) of tlicir
+heart." Michlol Yophi, "the fat around their heart."
+
+^ Rashi. JohlsoD, "for in me alone had.st thou help."
+° In the English version, chap. xiv. commences at
+ver. 2.
+
+* Johlson, who also renders the first portion, ''Par-
+
+
+same shall plunder the treasure of all pre-
+cious vessels.
+
+CHAPTER Xiy.= •
+
+1 Samaria shall meet her punishment; for
+she hath rebelled against her God: by the
+sword shall they iiiU; their iniants shall be
+dashed in pieces, and their pregnant women
+shall be ripped up.
+
+2 ^ Return, 0 Israel, even unto the Lord
+thy God; for thou hast stumbled through thy
+iniquity.
+
+3 Take with you words, and return to the
+Lord: say unto him, ''Pardon all (our) ini-
+quity, and accept (our return'' to) good; and
+let us repay the steers (of sacrifice) with (the
+prayer of) our lips.
+
+4 Asshur shall not help us; upon horses
+will we not ride: and we will no more say,
+Ye are our gods, to the work of our hands;
+for in thee alone the fatherless obtaineth
+mercy."
+
+5 I will heal their backsliding, I will love
+them freely; for my anger is turned away
+from them.
+
+6 I will be as the dew unto Israel: he
+shall bloom as the lily; and he shall strike
+his roots as (the forests of) Lebanon.
+
+7 His suckers shall spread out, and his
+beauty shall be as that of the olive-tree, and
+his smell as that of the Lebanon.
+
+8 They shall return that sat under his
+shade; they shall revive as corn, and bloor.i
+as the vine : the scenf of which shall he as
+that of the wine of Leljanon.
+
+9 Ephraim'^ (shall .say), Wiiat have I to
+do any more with idols? I have answered,
+and w'ill oljserve him; I will be (to him) like
+a green fir-tree; through me is thy fruit
+found.
+
+10 Who is wise, that he may understand
+these things? intelligent, that he may know
+them ? for righteous are the ways of the Lord ;
+and the just shall walk in them; but tlie
+
+
+transgressor;
+
+
+will stumble through them.
+
+
+doner of the iniquity of all." Rashi gives two versions,
+
+"Teach us the good wa_y," and "Accept the few good deeds
+
+which we have done."
+
+' Others, "famous as the wine of Lebanon."
+
+' Johlson, "AVli:it need hath Ephraim near me of
+
+idols?"
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF JOEL,
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 T[ The word of the Lord that came to
+Joel the son of Pethuel.
+
+2 Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all
+ye inhabitants of the land. Did ever such a
+thing as this come to pass in your days, or
+ever in the days of your fathers?
+
+3 Tell ye of it to your children, and let
+your cliildren tell it to their children, and
+their children to another generation.
+
+4 What the caterpillar" left hath the lo-
+cust eaten; and what the locust left hath the
+cankerworm eaten; and that which the can-
+kerworm left hath the cricket eaten.
+
+5 Wake up, ye drunkards, and weep; and
+wail, all ye drinkers of wine, because of the
+sweet new wine, tliat it is taken away*" from
+your mouth.
+
+6 For a nation"" is come up over my land,
+strong, and without number; its teeth are
+the teeth of a lion, and it hath the cutting-
+teeth of the lioness.
+
+7 It hath laid my vine waste, and barked''
+my fig-tree: it hath peeled it clean bare,
+and cast it down; made white are its light
+branches.
+
+8 Lament like a virgin girded with sack-
+cloth for the betrothed of her youth.
+
+9 Cut off are the meat-offering and the
+drink-offering from the house of the Lord:
+now mourn the priests, the ministers of the
+Lord.
+
+10 Wasted is the field, the land mourneth;
+
+
+" Rashi and other commentator.s regard all the names
+here given as indicative of various species of locusts. We
+have followed Johlsou, except with pb", which he render-
+ed "beetle." Philippson regards the words as indicating
+the locust in its various states of formation : thus, dij the
+perfect insect, "locust;" nniN "the young brood;" pS"
+"the grub;" and VdH "the new-winged insect;" in all of
+which states this plague of the East is very destructive.
+But the exact meaning of all the words except the second
+is difficult to determine.
+
+'' Lit. "cut off," i. e. as though the cup had l)oen cut
+awav from the lips after being presented to them.
+Cfi4
+
+
+for wasted is the corn : dried up is the new
+wine, withered is the oil.
+
+11 Be ashamed, 0 ye husbandmen; wail,
+0 ye vinedressers, for the wheat and for the
+barley; because lost is the harvest of the
+field.
+
+12 The vine is made ashamed, and the fig-
+tree is withered; the pomegranate-tiee, the
+palm-tree also, and the apple-tree, even all
+the trees of the field, are dried up; because
+joy hath ceased" from the children of men.
+
+13 ^ Gird yourselves (with sackcloth),'
+and lament, ye priests; wail, ye ministers of
+the altar: come, remain all night in sack-
+cloth, ye ministers of my God ; for there are
+withholden from the house of your God the
+meat-offering and the drink-offering.
+
+14 Sanctify ye a fast, proclaim a solemn
+assembly, gather the elders, all the inhabit-
+ants of the land, in*^o the house of the Lord
+your God, and cry aloud unto the Lord.
+
+15 Alas for the day! for the day of the
+Lord is at hand, and like destruction from
+the Almighty will it come.
+
+IG Is not before our eyes the food cut
+off, from the house of our God joy and glad-
+ness ?
+
+17 The grains of seed*^ are rotten under
+their clods, laid de.solate are the garners, pidled
+down are the barns ;'' for the corn is dried' up.
+
+18 How do the beasts groan! how do the
+herds of cattle roam about; because there is
+no pastiu'e for them: yea, the flocks of sheep
+are made to perish.''
+
+" The locust coming in multitudes is so called.
+
+^ Rashi and Jonathan, "made it grievous to the soul." '
+
+' Jonathan. Lit. "dried up."
+
+' Aben Ezra.
+
+^Jonathan, "the casks rot under their bungholes."
+The translation in the text is after Aben Ezra. Philipp-
+son, "the grains are dried up," &c.
+
+'■ Philippson, " underground corn-chambers."
+
+' Jcmathan ; others, (as also in v. 10,) " made ashamed."
+
+' Lit. "brought into guilt," or its consequence, suffer-
+ing and punishment; since every evil which befalls a land
+is caused by the guilt of its inhabitants.
+
+
+JOEL T. II.
+
+
+19 To thee 0 Lord, will I cry; for the fire
+hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness,
+and the Hame hath singed all the trees of the
+field.
+
+20 Also the beasts of the field cry unto
+tiiee panting; for the brooks of waters are
+dried up, and a fire hath devoured the pas-
+tures of the wilderness.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ Blow ye the cornet in Zion, and sound
+an alarm on my holy mount; let all the in-
+hal)itants of the land tremble ; for the day of
+the Lord cometh, for it is nigh ;
+
+2 It is a day of darkness and of gloom, a
+day of clouds and of tempestuous obscurity,
+like the morning-dawn spread out upon the
+mountains: a people numerous and strong,
+the like of which hath never been and after
+it there will be none any more, even to the
+years of all coming generations."
+
+3 Before it devoureth a fire ; and behind it
+singeth a flame : like the garden of 'Eden w\is
+the land before it (came), and after it is a de-
+solate wilderness ; yea, and nothing escapeth
+from it.
+
+4 Like the appearance of horses is its ap-
+pearance; and like horsemen, so do they
+run.
+
+5 Like the noise of chariots on the tops of
+mountains do they leap; they are like the
+noise of a flame of fire consuming the stubble,
+as a strong people arrayed for a l)attle.
+
+6 At its presence the people are much
+pained : all the faces are covered with black-
+ness."
+
+7 Like mighty men do they run ; like men
+of war they climb up a wall ; and they march
+every one on his own ways, and they turn
+not aside on their paths.
+
+8 And they do not press one another;
+every one on his beaten track do they go for-
+ward : and they pass through between war-
+like weapons, arid change not their purpose.*^
+
+9 Into the city they hasten'' forward ; on j
+
+
+* Heb. "generation and generation."'
+
+^ Lit. "gather blackness;" so Eashi and others, tak-
+ing inX3 as meaning "pot;" but Abcn Ezra and Mena-
+chem render it "brightness," "glory," from 1X3; hence,
+Philippson, "all faces lose their rodn,..vi." Zunz, "be-
+come shrunk up." Johlson combiner both, "every face
+draweth itself into dark folds," or "wrinkles."
+
+" Chiefly after Eashi, who takes I'^s" not as " they
+-I I
+
+
+the wall they run ; into the houses they climb
+up; through the windows they make their
+entrance like a thief
+
+10 Before them trembleth the earth; the
+heavens quake: the sun and the moon are
+obscured, and the stars withdraw their bright-
+ness.
+
+11 And the Lord uttereth his voice before
+his army; for very numerous is his camp;
+for strong is he that executeth his Avord ; for
+great is the day of the Lord and very terri-
+ble; and who is able to endure it?
+
+12 But even now also, saith the Lord, re-
+turn ye fully to me with all your heart, and
+with fasting, and with weeping, and with
+mourning :
+
+13 And rend your heart, and not your gar-
+ments, and return unto the Lord your God;
+for gracious and merciful is he, long-suffering,
+and of great kindness, and he bethinketh him-
+self of the evil.
+
+14 He that is conscious" (of guilt), let him
+return and repent: when (the plague) may-
+leave behind it a blessing; even a meat-offering
+and a drink-offering unto the Lord your God.
+
+15 ^ Blow the cornet in Zion, sanctify a
+fast, j^roclaim a solemn assembly ;
+
+16 Gather the people, sanctity the congre-
+gation, assemble the elders, gather the chil-
+dren, and those that suck the breasts ; let the
+bridegroom go forth out of his chamber, and
+the bride out of her closet.
+
+17 Between the porch and the altar let
+the priests weep, the ministers of the Lord,
+and let them say, Spare, 0 Lord, thy people,
+and give not up thy heritage to reproach, for
+nations to make a by-word of them: where-
+fore should they say among the people, Where
+is their God?
+
+18 And the Lord was zealous for his land,
+and he had pity for his people.
+
+19 And the Lord answered and said unto
+his people, "Behold, I will send you the corn,
+and the young wine, and the oil, and ye shall
+be satisfied therewith; and I will not give
+
+
+fall," but as "encamp," — "the locusts are lying in camp
+opposite the weapons of those who would hinder them."
+l^'X^" from ;,'i'3 "gain," »'. e. they cannot be bribed to
+change their mind. Philippson, "and are not misled."
+
+^ Eashi, " they make a noise."
+
+' This verse is given after Eashi. Others, " Who
+knoweth ? but he may again bethink himself, and leave a
+blessing after him," &e.
+
+665
+
+
+JOEL II. III. IV.
+
+
+you up any more to be a reproach among the
+nations:
+
+20 And the host of the north" will I re-
+mo%'e far away from you, and I will drive it
+oft' into a land barren and desolate, with its
+advance toward the eastern sea, and its rere-
+ward toward the western sea; and its stench
+shall ascend, and its ill savour shall come up,
+because it hath done great things."
+
+21 Fear not, 0 land; be glad and rejoice;
+for the Lord hath done great things.
+
+22 Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field;
+for the pastures of the wilderness have become
+green; for the tree beareth its fruit, the fig-
+tree and the vine yield their strength.*"
+
+23 And ye children of Zion, be glad, and
+rejoice in the Lord your God; for he hath
+given you the first rain in beneficence, and he
+hath caused to come down for you the rain,
+the first rain, and the latter rain in the first
+(month) .°
+
+24 And the threshing-floors are full of
+corn, and the vats overflow with young wine
+and oil.
+
+25 And I will repay to you the years (in)
+which the locust hath eaten (all), with the
+cankerworm, and the cricket, and the cater-
+pillar, my great army, which I had sent
+against you.
+
+26 And ye shall eat in plenty, and be sa-
+tisfied, and praise the name of the Lord your
+God, who hath dealt wondrously with you:
+and my people shall not be made ashamed
+unto eternity.
+
+27 And ye shall know that I am in the
+midst of Israel, and that I am the Lord your
+God, and none else; and my people shall not
+be made ashamed unto eternity.
+
+CHAPTER III."
+1 ^ And it shall come to pass after this,'
+
+
+° i'. e. The troop of locusts, which had probably come
+from the north, iu the time of Joel. The Arabian desert,
+the Dead Sea, and the Mediterranean are the points men-
+tioned where the locusts were to perish.
+
+^ Philippson, "their wealth;" but it is the same as
+"strength," (. e. fruit.
+
+' Others, "in one month." The prophet speaks of the
+unexpected return of plenty; as at first every thing had
+been dried up for want of rain, which now came down
+copiously to compensate for its past absence. In Pales-
+tine the first rain usually falls in November, and the lat-
+ter rain in April.
+
+'' Iu the English version, this chapter is a part of
+chap. ii.
+
+GCO
+
+
+that I will pour out my spirit over all flesh :
+and your sons and your daughters shall pro-
+phesy; your old men shall dream dreams:
+your young men shall see visions :
+
+2 And also over the men-servants and
+over the inaid-servants in those days will I
+pour out my spirit.
+
+3 And I will display wonderful tokens in
+the heavens and on the earth, blood, and
+fire, and pillars of smoke.
+
+4 The sun shall be changed into darkness,
+and the moon into blood, before the coming
+of the day of the Lord, the great and the ter-
+rible.
+
+5 And it shall come to pass, that whoso-
+ever shall call on the name of the Lord shall
+escape; for on mount Zion and in Jerusalem
+there shall be deliverance, as the Lord hath
+said, and among the remnant whom the Lord
+calleth.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 For, behold, in those daj-s, and in that
+time, when I will cause to return the cap-
+tivity of Judah and Jerusalem,
+
+2 Then will I assemble all the nations,
+and I will bring them down into the valley
+of Jehoshaphat,*^ and I will hold judgment
+with them there because of my people and
+my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered
+among the nations, and for my land (which)
+they have divided out.
+
+3 And for my people did they cast lots;
+and gave a boy for a harlot, and sold a girl
+for wine, and drank it.
+
+4 And also ye, what have ye to do with
+me, 0 Tyre, and Zidon, and all ye districts
+of Philistia? is this the recompense which ye
+repay me ? or do ye only commence to render
+me evil?^ — swiftly and speedily will I bring
+back your recompense upon your own head;
+
+
+'The time is indefinite; the prophet sees the event
+near, (Num. xxiv. 17,) though in reality it is centuries be-
+fore it occurs.
+
+' Rashi, allegorically, "I will descend with them into
+the depths of justice;" aumrv "the Lord's judgment;"
+the actual valley of this name is quite too small.
+
+' After Ilcdak, who takes the word 'rnj as the first
+step in an act toward another, be it good or bad, here
+bad; SlOJ lh]a "to recompense," to do something out of
+a feeling of reciprocity, good or bad; but SlDJ Styn means
+to return the evil back upon the evil-doer. God takes
+the part of Israel, and he reproves the nations mentioned
+for their unprovoked assault on the Israelites. The rest
+explains itself.
+
+
+JOEL IV.
+
+
+5 Because my silver and my gold Lave
+ye taken, and the handsomest of my pre-
+cious things have ye carried into your tem-
+ples;
+
+6 And the children of Judah and the chil-
+dren of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the sons
+of the Jevanira,'' in order to remove them for
+from their borders.
+
+7 Behold. I will awaken them out of the
+place whither ye have sold them, and I will
+bring back your recompense upon your own
+head ;
+
+8 And I will deliver'' your sons and your
+daughters into the hand of the children of
+Judah, and the}' shall sell them to the Sa-
+belins, to a nation far oft'; for the Lord hath
+spoken it.
+
+9 ^ Proclaim ye this among the nations,
+Prepare war, wake up the mighty men ; let
+them draw near; let them come up — all the
+men of war.
+
+10 Beat your plough-shares into swords,
+and your pruning-knives into spears: let the
+weak say, I am a hero.
+
+11 Assemble hastily together, and come, all
+ye nations from every side, and gather your-
+selves together: there doth the Lord strike
+down thy mighty ones.
+
+12 Let the nations awake, and come up
+to the valley of Jehoshaphat; for there will
+I sit to judge all the nations from every
+side.
+
+13 Put forth the sickle; for the harvest is
+ripe : come, tread down (the grapes) ; for the
+
+* This is translated "Grecians" in tbe English version.
+
+" After Redak.
+
+" Juhlson, "crushing," the word ynn meaning both
+"decision," "judgment," "verdict," and also "a thresh-
+ing-machine;" hence, in this connection, "the crushing,"
+the punishment consequent on the decision of the Great
+JuJgc
+
+" As Ezekiel also (xlvii. 1, Sec.) speaks of a river that is
+
+
+press is full; the vats overflow; for great is
+their wickedness.
+
+14 Multitudes, multitudes are in the valley
+of decision ;" for near is the day of the Lord
+in tlie valley of decision.
+
+15 Sun and moon are obscured, and stars
+withdraw tlieir brightness.
+
+16 And the Lord will cry aloud out of
+Zion, and from Jerusalem will he send forth
+his voice; and the heavens and the earth
+shall quake; but the Lord will be a refuge
+for his people, and a stronghold for the chil-
+dren of Israel.
+
+17 So shall ye know that I am the Lord
+your God, dwelling on Zion, my holy mount:
+and Jerusalem shall be holy, and strangers
+shall not pass through her any more.
+
+18 ]I And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that the mountains shall drop down
+sweet new wine, and the hills shall flow with
+milk, and all the ravines of Judah shall flow
+with water, and a spring shall come forth
+out of the house oi the Lord, and shall water
+the valley of Shittim'*
+
+19 Egypt shaJ, become a desolate land,
+and Edoni shall bt:<"r.e a desolate wilderness ;
+because oi' the vIuAeuce against the children
+of Judah, in whose land they have shed inno-
+cent bl.cod.
+
+20 But Judah shall be inhabited for ever,
+B-ri'i J-.rusalem from generation to generation.
+
+".^1 Aixd I will avenge"" their blood that I
+h?7e not yet -n-vr-iired ; for the Lord dwelleth
+in Zion.
+
+to issue out of the temple and flow into the Dead Sea,
+Philippson supposes that Shitlim is meant to signify Sid-
+dim, or the plain near Sodom. (Gen. xiv. 8.)
+
+° Zunz. Lit. " to render guiltless," i. e. through pu-
+nishment, or avenge. Rashi, "and though I might dc-
+quit them of their other sins, and of the evil deeds they
+have done against me, of the blood of the children of
+Judah will I not absolve them."
+
+667
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF AMOS,
+
+
+Dior nN13J.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^1 The words of 'Ainos, who was among
+tlie herdiiieu of Tekoa', which he foresaw
+concernhig Israel in the days of 'Uzziyah the
+king of Judah, and in the days of Jerobo'am
+the son of Joiish the king of Israel, two years
+befoi'e the earthquake.
+
+2 And he said, Tlie Lord will cry alond
+out of Zion, and from Jerusalem will he cond
+forth his voice ; and then shall mourn the
+pastures of the shepherds, and tlien shall
+dry up the top of Carmel.
+
+3 ][ Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions" of Damascus, and for four, will
+I not turn away their punishment; because
+they have threshed (the inhabitants of)
+Gd'ad with threshing instruments of iron;
+
+4 And I will send a fire into the house of
+Chazael, which shall devour the palaces of
+Ben-hadad.
+
+5 And I will break the bars of Damascus,
+and cut off the inhabitants from the valley of
+Aven, and him that holdeth the sceptre from
+the house of 'Eden: and the people of Syria
+shall be exiled unto Kir,'' saitli the Lord.
+
+6 Tl Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions of Gazzah, and for four, will I
+not turn away their punishment; because
+they carried away exiles in full numbers, to
+deliver them up to Edora;
+
+7 And I will send a fire against the wall
+of Gazzah, which shall devour her palaces ;
+
+8 And I will cut off the inhabitants from
+Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre
+from Ashkelon, and I will turn my hand
+against 'Ekron : and the remnant of the Phi-
+listines shall perish, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+* Riishi, "three t.ransgressinn.s have I forgiven them,
+but for the fourth will I not withhold the retribution." So
+also Aben Ezra, after Sa'aJyah
+
+' See 2 Kings xvi. 9; Tiglath Pilosser actually car-
+ried the Syrians thither.
+
+"Jonathan, "violated his mercy." Philipp.son takes
+the word mercy to mean "love for relatives," and next
+G(;8
+
+
+9 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions of Tyre, and for four, will I
+not turn away their punishment; because
+they delivered up the exiles in full numbers
+to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly
+covenant ;
+
+10 And I will send a fire against the walls
+of Tyre, which shall devour her palaces.
+
+11 ][ Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions of Edom, and for four, will I
+not tv-:A away their punishment; because he
+pursued with ti>o sword his brother, and dis
+regarded hlo incrcy/ and his anger tore in
+pieces con ci". lolly, and he kept his wrath for
+ever ;
+
+12 And I will send out a fire against The-
+man, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.
+
+13 T[ Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions of the children of 'Amnion, and
+for four, will I not turn away their punish-
+ment; because they have ripped up the preg-
+nant women'" of Gil'ad, in order to enlarge
+their own territory;
+
+14 And I will kindle a fire within the
+walls of Rabbah, which shall devour her pa-
+laces, with shouting on the day of battle, with
+a storm on the day of the tempest;
+
+15 And their king" shall go into exile, he
+and his princes together, saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions of MoJib, and for four, will I
+not turn away their punishment; Ijecause he
+burnt the bones of the king of Edom into
+lime;
+
+2 And I will send a fire against MoJib,
+which shall devour the pahices of Keriyoth :
+
+
+to stand for relatives; hence he translates, "and destroy-
+ed his kinsmen."
+
+'' Some take nnn as a feminine form for D'"in " nioiin
+tains," and render, "they broke through the mountains
+of Gil'ad."
+
+" Perhaps, Maknm, the idol of the 'Ammonites; as it
+Jeremiah xlix 3.
+
+
+AMOS II. III.
+
+
+and MoJib ishall die in the tumult, in the shoutr-
+ing, amidst the sound of the cornet ;
+
+3 And I will cut off the judges from her
+midst, and all her jDrinces will I slay, with
+him, saith the Lord.
+
+4 ]f Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions of Judah, and for four, will I
+not turn away their punishment ; because
+they have despised the law of the Lord, and
+did not keep his statutes, and their lying
+idols caused them to err, after which their
+fathers had walked;
+
+■5 And I will send out a fire against Judah,
+which shall devour the palaces of Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+6 Tf Thus hath said the Lord, For three
+transgressions of Israel, and for four, will I
+not turn away their punishment; because
+they sold for silver the righteous," and the
+needy for a pair of shoes ;
+
+7 That are eager after the dust of the
+earth on the head of the poor,'' and turn aside
+the way of the meek :' and a man and his
+lather will go in unto the same young woman,
+in order to profane my holy name.
+
+8 And upon pledged garments'^ they stretch
+themselves out by every altai', and the wine
+of the condemned" do they drink in the house
+of their gods.
+
+9 Yet have I destroyed the Emorite from
+before them, whose height was like the height
+of cedars, and who was strong as the oaks ;
+but I destroyed his fruit from above, and his
+roots from beneath.
+
+10 x\nd it was I who have brought you up
+from the laud of Egypt, and led you forty
+years through the wilderness,' to take pos-
+session of the land of the Emorite.
+
+11 And I have raised up of your sons for
+prophets, and of your young men for naza-
+rites : is it not even thus, 0 ye children of Is-
+rael? saith the Lord.
+
+12 But ye have given the nazarites wine
+to drink ; and concerning the prophets have
+
+
+' This means one who is right in the cause.
+
+' Philippson explains this to mean, the judges are eager
+that the poor might be so oppressed as to cast dust on his
+head, as a sign of sorrow.
+
+° Rashi, "they cause the feeble to turn aside from the
+right path, out of fear for them."
+
+^ Against the precept in Deut. x.xiv. 12, 13 that the
+pledge of the poor should not be kept over night.
+
+• "They punish them with the payment of fiue-^, and
+
+
+ye commanded, saying, Ye shall not pro-
+phesy.
+
+13 Behold, I press down (the gmimdV un-
+der you, as tlie wagon presseth (it) down
+that is full of sheaves.
+
+14 And I'efuge shall vanish from the swiit,
+and the strong shall not make u.se of his ibrce,
+neither shall the mighty man escape with his
+life.
+
+15 And he that handleth the bow shall
+not be able to stand ; and he that is swift of
+foot shall not escape : neither shall he that
+rideth the horse escape with his life.
+
+16 And he that is most courageous hearted
+among the mighty shall tlee away naked'-' on
+that day, saith the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER IIL
+
+1 1[ Hear this word which the Lord hath
+spoken concerning yon, 0 cliildren of Israel,
+concerning the whole family which I have
+brought up from the land of Egypt, say-
+ing,
+
+2 Only you have I loved out of all the
+families of the earth : therefore will I visit
+upon you all yonr iniquities.
+
+3 Will two walk together, except they had
+agreed (to do so) ?*"
+
+4 Will a lion roar in the forest, when he
+hath no prey ? will a young lion send forth
+his voice out of his den, unless he have caught
+something?
+
+5 Can a bird fall in a snare upon the
+earth, when there is no gin for him ? is ever
+a snare taken up from the ground, when it
+hath caught nothing at all ?
+
+6 Shall a cornet be blown in a city, aiid
+the people not become afraid? shall there
+be evil in a city, and the Lord have not
+done it ?
+
+7 For the Lord Eternal will do nothing,
+unless he have revealed his secret unto his
+servants the prophets.
+
+8 The lion hath roared, who will not fear?
+
+
+purchase wine therewith" — Rashi; when no judge has,
+according to law, the right to take any thing for his own
+use. Lit. "of those punished."
+
+' Philippson. Johlson, after Rabbi 'Azariyah de Rossi,
+"Behold, I will make the ground creak under you as the
+wagon creaketh which is full of sheaves."
+
+^ Jonathan, "his weapons cast away."
+
+^ Rashi, "unless they had fixed a time to go together
+lo a certain place."
+
+069
+
+
+AMOS III. IV.
+
+
+the Lord Eteriuil hath spoken, who will not
+prophesy ?*
+
+9 Publish at the palaces in Ashdod, and
+at the palaces in the land of Egypt, and say,
+Assemble yourselves upon the mountains of
+Samaria, and behold the great confusions
+in her midst, and the oppressions (that are)
+within her.
+
+10 For they know not how to act rightly,
+saith the Lord, who treasure up violence and
+rol)bery in their palaces.
+
+11 'jy Therefore thus hath said the Lord
+Eternal, The adversary (is there) and sur-
+roundeth the land; and he shall bring down
+from thee thy strength, and thy palaces shall
+be plundered.
+
+12 Thus hath said the Lord, As the shep-
+herd snatcheth^' out of the mouth of the lion
+(at most) two leg-bones, or a tip of the ear :
+so shall be delivered the children of Israel
+that sit in Samaria on the corner of a bed,
+and on Damascus couches.
+
+13 Hear ye, and give warning in the house
+of Jacob, saith the Lord Eternal, the God of
+hosts.
+
+14 For on the day when I visit the trans-
+gressions of Israel upon him, will I also inflict
+punishment on the altars of Beth-el: and
+then shall be hewn off the horns of the altar,
+and they shall fall to the ground.
+
+15 And I will smite the winter-house to-
+gether with the summer-house: and the
+houses of ivory shall disappear, and the
+great houses shall be no more, saith the
+Lord.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ Hear this word, 0 ye cows" of Bashan,
+that are on the mount of Samaria, wlio op-
+press the poor, who crush the needy, who
+say to their lords. Bring, and let us drink.
+
+2 Sworn hath the Lord Eternal by his
+holiness, that, lo, days are coming over you,
+
+• i. e. The prophet, cannot avoid delivering his message
+when God h;is spoken, as little as man can Jielp fearing
+when he hears the linn's roar. (See .Ter. xx. 7, &c.)
+
+" The one intrusted with the charge of cattle had to
+iiinke restitution if it was torn, unless he could bring of
+it a part, (see Exod. xxii. 1.3;) hence the effort of the
+shepherd to save some token. But so also shall the
+Israelites escape destruction, only few in number, al-
+I hough now living in luxury.
+
+° t. e. The wives of the chiefs. As 'Amos was a herd-
+uian, he naturally took his images from his eiiiploynient.
+670 ■
+
+
+when men Avill carry you away with hooks
+and your postei'ity with fishhooks.''
+
+3 And through breaches in the wall shall
+ye go out, eveiy one through that before her :
+and ye shall cast off your proud greatness,'
+saith the Lord.
+
+4 Go then to Beth-el, and transgress; to
+Gilgal, (and) multiply transgression ; and
+bring in the morning your sacrifices, after
+three days your tithes :
+
+5 And burn of leaven*^ a sacrifice of thanlcs-
+giving, and proclaim and publish freewill-
+offerings; for so do you love (to do), 0 ye
+children of Israel, saith the Lord Eternal.
+
+6 But, I also had indeed given you clean-
+ness'^ of teeth in all your cities, and want of
+bread in all your places: and yet have ye
+not returned unto me, saith the Lord.
+
+7 And I also had indeed withholden fi'om
+you the rain, when it Avas yet three months
+to the harvest; and I caused it to rain upon
+one city, and upon another city I caused it
+not to rain; one jDiece of land was rained
+upon, and another piece whereupon it rained
+not became dried up;
+
+8 And two or three cities wandered unto
+one city, to drink water; but they were not
+satisfied : and yet have ye not returned unto
+me, saith the Lord.
+
+9 I had smitten you with blasting and
+mildew; the multitude of your gardens and
+your vineyards and your fig-trees and your
+olive-trees did the caterpillar devour: and yet
+have ye not returned unto me, saith the Lord.
+
+10 I had sent out against you the pesti-
+lence after the manner of Egypt ; I slew your
+young men with the sword, together with
+your captive horses; and I had caused the
+stench of your camps to ascend even into
+your nostrils: and yet have ye not returned
+unto me. saith the Lord.
+
+11 I had produced an overthrow among
+you, like the overthrow i)y God of Sodom
+
+
+'' Bashi and Jonathan, "on shields, and your children
+in fishing boats."
+
+' Bashi ; but the word njirDtnn is variously explained ;
+but the version chosen here seems the simplest, although
+it is not found elsewhere in the Bible.
+
+' Basin takes both these verses to contain an invitation
+of the false priests to the people to violate the laws of
+God, to eat the moat which is left on the morning instead
+of burning it; to sacrifice leaven on the altar, saying
+such a one is an acceptable gift when it is not.
+
+^ Prom want of food, occasioned by severe famine.
+
+
+AMOS TV. V.
+
+
+aiid Gomorrali, and ye became like a fire-
+brand snatched out of the burning: and yet
+have ye not returned unto me, saith the Lord.
+
+12 ^ Therefore thus will I do unto thee,
+0 Israel : because then I will do this unto
+thee, prepare" to meet thy God, 0 Israel.
+
+18 For, lo, he that formeth the mountains,
+and createth the wind, and declareth unto
+nuxn what is his thought, that maketh the
+morning-dawn (and) darkness, and treadeth
+upon the high places of the earth, — The
+Lord, the God of hosts, is liis name.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ Hear ye this word which I take up
+against you, as a lamentation, 0 house of
+Israel.
+
+2 She is fallen, she will not rise again —
+the virgin of Israel: she is thrown down
+upon her land; there is none to raise her
+up.
+
+3 ^ For thus hath said the Lord Eternal,
+The city that goeth forth with a thousand
+shall retain but a hundred, and she that goeth
+forth with a hundred shall retain but ten,
+(left) to the house of Israel.
+
+4 ]| For thus hath said the Lord unto the
+house of Israel, Seek ye for me, and ye shall
+live;
+
+5 But seek not for Beth-el, and into Gilgal
+enter not, and to Beer-sheba' do not pass
+over; for Gilgal shall surely go into exile,
+and Beth-el shall l)ecome naught.
+
+6 Seek for the Lord, and ye shall live: so
+that he come not sudilenly like fire over the
+house of Joseph, and it devour, and there be
+none to quench it in Beth-el;
+
+7 Ye who change justice into wormwood,
+and cast down righteousness to the earth !
+
+8 (But) he maketh the seven stars and
+Orion, and changeth into morning the sha-
+dow of death, and maketh the day dark into
+niglit; he it is that calleth for the waters of
+the sea, and poureth them out over the face
+of the earth: The Lord is his name;
+
+9 That causeth wasting'' to prevail against
+the strong, so that wasting shall come against
+the fortress.
+
+
+' Raahi aud Redak, "to repent;" but Aben Ezra re-
+gai-ds this a challenge : " Come, contend with God if you
+can;" wherefore the next verse contains a description of
+the Almighty's power; though it will bo equally suitable
+to prove that to rely upon him will be the best means of
+
+
+10 They hate him that rebuketh in tl.^
+gate, and him that speaketh uprightly they
+abhor.
+
+11 Therefore forasmuch as you tread down
+upon the poor, and ye take from him onerous
+contributions of corn : if ye have built houses
+of hewn stone, ye shall not dwell in them ;
+il" ye have planted pleasant vineyards, ye
+shall not drink their wine.
+
+12 For I know your manifold transgres-
+sions and your numerous sins: ye are those
+that are the adversaries of the just, that take
+a ransom, and that wrest (the cause of) the
+needy in the gate."
+
+13 ^ Therefore will the intelligent keej)
+silence in that time ; for it is an evil time.
+
+14 Seek for the good, and not the evil, in
+order that ye may live : and so will the Lord,
+the God of hosts, be with you, as ye have
+said.
+
+15 Hate the evil, and love the good, and
+establish justice firmly in the gate : perhaps
+the Lord the God of hosts will be gracious
+unto the remnant of Joseph.
+
+16 T[ Therefore thus hath said the Eter-
+nal, the God of hosts, the Lord, On all ])ublic
+places there is lamentation, and in all the
+streets they cry, Wo! wo! and they call the
+husbandman to mourning, and to lamentation
+those skilled in wailing.
+
+17 And in all vineyards there is lamenta-
+tion ; for I will pass through thy midst, saith
+the Lord.
+
+18 T[ Wo unto you that long for the day
+of the Lord ! for what do you wish the day
+of the Lord? it is (one of) darkness, and not
+of light.
+
+19 As if a man were to flee from a lion,
+and a bear should meet him ; and he enter
+into the house, and lean his hand against the
+wall, and a serpent should bite him.
+
+20 Behold the day of the Lord is (oue of)
+darkness, and not of light; yea, it is obscure,
+and hath no brightness.
+
+21 I hate, I despise your feast-days, and I
+will not smell (the sacrifices) on your festive
+assemblies.
+
+22 For though ye should offer me burnt-
+
+
+escaping the punishment; since he who is so powerful can
+protect his servants even in general distress.
+
+"^ Rashi, "he maketh the plundered stronger than the
+mighty."
+
+'' The usual place where the judircs met.
+
+071
+
+
+AMOS V. VI.
+
+
+oflbiings and your meat-offerings, I will not
+accept them in favour : and the j^eace-offer-
+ing.s of your fatted cattle will I not look at.
+
+23 Remove thou from around me the noise
+of thy songs : and the pla3dng of thy psal-
+teries I will not hear.
+
+24 But let justice roll along like water,
+and righteousness like a mighty stream.
+
+25 Have" ye offered unto me sacrifices and
+meat-offerings in the wilderness (dui'ing) forty
+years, 0 house of Israel ?
+
+26 Bear*" then the canopy of your chief
+idol, and the figure of your images, the star
+of your god, which ye have made for your-
+selves.
+
+27 And I will cause you to go into exile far
+beyond Damascus, saith the Lord, The God
+of hosts is his name.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ Wo to those that are free from care
+in Zion, and that are in safety on the mount
+of Samaria, who are named' the chief of the
+nations, to whom the house of Israel come !
+
+2 Pass ye over unto Calneh, and see ; and
+i:o from there to Chamath-rabbah f then go
+down to Gath of the Philistines: whether they
+be better than these kingdoms ? or whether
+their territory be greater than your territory?
+
+3 (Ye) that deem far away the evil day,
+and cause the seat of violence to come near;
+
+4 That lie upon teds of ivory, and are
+stretched out upon their couches, and eat
+lambs out of the flock, and calves out of the
+midst of the stall ;
+
+5 That chant" to the sound of the psaltery,
+and like David's do they imagine*^ their in-
+strument of music to be ;
+
+
+* R;islii comments, tluit God had not demanded free-
+-.vill sacrifices. But Philippson takes the question as one
+to be answered affirmatively ; God commanded and the
+people obeyed in this respect: still they every now and
+then worshipped idols. Hence he translates the next
+verse, "Still you carried," &c. Might it not be given,
+"Are these the sacrifices — which you have," &c.
+
+* Kashi, " Ye shall therefore have to bear your idols
+which your enemies will place on your shoulders." We
+have followed generally Zunz in the rendering of this
+verse. Rashi, however, takes SiA-kiith and Kiyun and
+Cochah as the names of the idols.
+
+' JohLsou renders '2p: "those who have a name," or
+' the nobles."
+■■ English version, "Chamath the great."
+
+* Rashi. Zun:!, "that jingle with the psaltery."
+
+' Rashi, with the comment, "They fancy their playing,
+672
+
+
+6 That drink out of wine-bowls, and anoint
+themselves with the costliest of ointments;
+but who feel no pain for the wound of
+Joseph.
+
+7 Therefore now shall they go into exile
+at the head of exiles, and the noisy banquet^
+of those that were stretched out shall pass
+away.
+
+8 T[ The Lord Eternal hath sworn by his
+own existence, saith the Lord the God of
+hosts, I abhor the pride of Jacol), and his
+palaces do I hate : therefore will I surrender
+up (to the enemy) the city with all that fill-
+eth it.
+
+9 And it shall come to pass, that if there
+remain ten men in one house, they shall die.
+
+10 And should a man's uncle or relative
+carry him forth, to bring out the bones out
+of the house, and say unto him that is in the
+recesses of the house. Is there yet any one
+with thee? he will sa^-, There is no one left.
+Then will he say. Be silent ; for we may not
+make mention of the name of the Lord ''
+
+11 ][ For, behold, the Lord commandeth,
+and he will smite the great house with
+breaches, and the little house with clefts.
+
+12 Do horses ever run upon the rock?
+or will one plough there with oxen ? that ye
+have turned justice into poison, and the fruit
+of righteousness into wormwood;
+
+13 Ye who rejoice for a thing of naught,
+who say, Have we not through our own
+strength procured ourselves horns?'
+
+14 For, behold, I will raise up against you
+a nation, 0 house of Israel, saith the Lord
+the God of hosts, and they shall oppress you
+from the entrance of Chamath unto the brook
+of the wilderness.
+
+
+which is for their own pleasure, to be equal to David's,
+which was for God's sake." Jonathan and others, " Like
+David, they invent for themselves instiuments of music."
+
+* Rashi, "drinking-feasts." Others, "song," or
+"shout." In the text both ideas are combined.
+
+'' Jonathan, "Cast them forth; for this hath happened
+to them because they have not mentioned the name of the
+Lord." Philippson, "it is not now the time to entreat
+the name of the Lord;" /. e. the evil is too great to ex-
+pect relief by prayer. ^"lOO is explained by Redak to
+mean "a mother's brother." Rashi comments, "His
+relative and friend who saveth his bones out of the fire,
+by which the enemies had destroyed the house, will say
+to his associate who hath entered the house to search. Is
+there yet one alive out of those who had liidden them-
+selves?" &c.
+
+' Horns are a symbol of strengtii, (Deut. xxxiii. 17.)
+
+
+AMOS VII. VIII.
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ^f Tliiiw did the Lord Eternal .show unto
+me : and, behold, he was forming locusts" in
+the beginuini-': of the sprouting up of the
+latter growth; and, lo, it was the latter
+growth after the king's mowings (was over).
+
+2 And it came to pass, when they had
+made an end of eating up the herbs of the
+earth, that I said, 0 Lord Eternal, forgive,
+I beseech thee : how (should Jacob be able to
+endure, since he is so small?
+
+3 The Lord bethought himself of this: It
+shall not be, said the Lord.
+
+4 ^ Thus did the Lord Eternal show unto
+me: and, behold, the Lord Eternal called
+forth the punishment" by fire, and it devoured
+the great deep, and consumed the ploughed
+field.
+
+5 Then said I, 0 Lord Eternal, forbear, I
+beseech thee: how should Jacob be al)le to
+endure, since he is so small?
+
+6 The Lord bethought himself of this:
+Also this shall not be, said the Lord Eter-
+nal.
+
+7 ^ Thus he showed unto me : and, bidiold,
+the Lord was standing upon a wall (made) by
+a plumbline, and in his hand was a plumljline.
+
+8 And the Lord said unto me. What dost
+thou see, 'Amos? And I said, A plumbline.
+Then said the Lord, Behold, I will set a
+plumbline in the midst of my people Israel;
+I will not farther indulge them any more."
+
+9 And the high places of Isaac shall be
+made desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel
+shall be laid in ruins: and I will rise up
+against the house of Jerobo'am with the sword.
+
+10 ^ Then sent Amazyah, the priest of
+Beth-el, to Jerobo'am the king of Israel, say-
+ing, 'Amos hath conspired against thee in the
+midst of the house of Israel: the land is not
+able to bear all his words.
+
+
+' Probably in their caterpillar state, in which they are
+most destructive.
+
+"• Johlson. Rashi, "he called (his council, i. /■. his
+angels or messengers ) to contend with you by the punish-
+ment of burning fire."
+
+° Meaning, as the builder erects his wall straight by
+the plummet, so shall Israel be dealt with after the strict
+line of justice, with no longer indulgence for their crimes.
+113J' "passing by," i. c. sin; hence, "indulging," or
+" jfardoning."
+
+'' /. c. Not a prophet by profession, in reply to Amaz-
+yah's advice to go to Judah and there live by his pro-
+4 K
+
+
+11 For thus Iiath 'Amos said, By the sword
+sliall Jerobo'am die, and Israel shall surely
+be led away into exile out of their own land.
+
+12 ][ And Amazyah said unto 'Amos,
+Seer, go, flee thee away iiito the land of
+Judah, and eat there (thy) bread, and there
+prophesy ;
+
+13 But at Beth-el prophesy not farther
+any more ; for it is the king's sanctuary, and
+it is a royal residence.
+
+14 Then answered 'Amos, and said to
+Amazyah, I am'' no prophet, nor am I a pro-
+phet's son; but I am a herdman, and a
+gatherer' of wild figs;
+
+15 But the Lord hath taken me away from
+behind the flocks, and the Lord said unto me,
+Go. prophesy unto my )X'ople Israel.
+
+10 And now hear thou the word of the
+Lord, Thou sayest. Prophecy not against 'Is-
+rael, and ])reach not against the house of Isaac.
+
+17 Therefore thus hath said the Lord, Thy
+wife will play the harlot in the city, and thy
+sons and thy daughters shall fall by the
+sword, and thy land shall be divided out by
+the line; and thou shalt die in an unclean
+land ; and Israel shall surely be led forth into
+exile out of their land.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ Thus did the Lord Eternal show unto
+me: and, behold, there w^as a basket of sum-
+mer fruit.'
+
+2 And he said. What dost thou see, 'Amos?
+And I said, A basket of summer fruit. Then
+said the Lord unto me. The end is come for
+my people Israel : I will not farther indulge
+them any more.
+
+3 And the songs of the temple shall be-
+come a wailing on that day, saitli the Lord
+Eternal: many shall be the dead bodies; in
+every j)\ace shall men throw them down,
+(saying,) Be silent.^
+
+
+phesying, as the false soothsayers did who were supported
+by the royal bounty. (1 Kings xviii. 19.)
+
+' 0^713 is variously rendered "gathering," "cultivating,"
+" mixing," i. e. with other provisions for the cattle, or
+" pinching," "scraping," to make the fruit come to ma-
+turity. Others use "sycamore" for "wild figs" Rashi
+and others conceive 'Amos's reply to mean that he was a
+rich herdman ; Philippson, that he was very poor, and
+'lived of the simplest food.
+
+' Rashi, " late figs, which are not good." Philippson,
+
+ripe figs." Zunz, " dried fruit."
+
+^ Jonathan, (as above, vi. 10,) " iu every place they
+
+673
+
+
+AMOS VIII. IX.
+
+
+4 Ti Hear this, 0 ye that are greedy to
+swallow the needy, and to ruin the poor of
+the land,
+
+5 Saying, When will the new moon be
+gone, that we may sell provision? and the
+sabbath, that we may open the corn-Avare-
+hoiises, making the epliah small, and inci'eas-
+ing the shekel, and cheating" with deceitful
+balances ?
+
+6 That we nuiy buy the poor for silver,
+and the needy for a pair of shoes; and even
+sell the refuse of the ciM-n ?
+
+7 Sworn hath the Lord by the excellency
+of Jacob, Surely I will not forget to eternity
+all their works.
+
+8 Shall because of this the land not trem-
+ble, and mourn every one that dwelleth
+therein? and shall it not rise up like a
+stream wholly, and roll onward and sink
+again like the stream of Egypt ?''
+
+9 Tl And it shall come to pass on that
+day, saith the Lord Paternal, that I will cause
+the sun to set at noon, and I will bring dark-
+ness over the earth on a bright day ;
+
+10 And I will change your feasts into
+mourning, and all your songs into lamenta-
+tions; and I will bring upon all loins sack-
+cloth, and upon every head baldness; and I
+will cause (the land)" to mourn as one doth
+for an only son, and its end to be as a day of
+bitter (complaint) .
+
+11 ^f Behold, da3's are coming, saith the
+Lord Eternal, when I will send a famine in
+the land, not a famine for bread, nor a thirst
+for water, but to hear the words of the Lord :
+
+12 And they will wander about from sea
+to sea, and from the north oven to the east,
+they will roam ahout to seek the word of the
+Lord; but they shall not lind it."
+
+13 On that day sluiU the fair virgins and
+the young men faint for thirst;
+
+14 Those that swear by the guilt of Sa-
+
+
+maria, and say. As thy god liveth, O Dan;
+and. As liveth the worshipped" idol of Beer-
+sheba', — yea, they shall fall, and never rise
+up again.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1^1 saw the Loi'd standing upon the
+altar; and he said. Smite the capital,' that
+the sills may quake; and break them in
+pieces over the head of all of them; and their
+posterity will I slay with the sword: there
+shall not tit>e away from them one that lleetli,
+and there shall not escape from them one
+that is saved.
+
+2 Though they Avere to creep doAvn into
+the nether world, thence Avould my hand letch
+them; and though they were to climb up to
+the heavens, thence Avould I bring them
+down ;
+
+3 And though they Avere to hide them-
+selves on the top of Carmel, thence Avould I
+search and take them out; and thougli they
+were to conceal themselves from before my
+eyes in the bottom of the sea, thence Avould I
+command the serpent, that he should bite
+them ;
+
+4 And though they Avere to go into cap-
+tivity before their enemies, thence Avould I
+command the SAVord, that it should slay
+them : and I Avill set my eye upon them for
+evil, and not for good.
+
+5 And the Lord Eternal of hosts it is that
+toucheth the earth, and she melteth away,
+and all that d\A'ell thereon shall mourn ; and
+she riseth up like a stream Avholly; and she
+sinketh like the stream of Egypt;
+
+6 That buildeth in the heaA'ens his steps,
+and hath founded his vault^ over the earth;
+that calleth tor the Avaters of the sea, and
+poureth them out over the face of the earth:
+The Lord is his name.
+
+7 *[] Are ye not like the children of the
+
+
+will say, Cast out, remove thciii from here.'' But Aben
+Mzra aud Redak, as in the text; /. r. they throw down
+tlie dead without burial, saying to each other, '' Be silent."
+
+" Jonathan.
+
+^ Descriptive ol' an earth(|uake, wliere the surface of the
+earth rises and falls, and l'rei|uently lamlslides take place,
+as though a river were rolling along, swelling and again
+receding from an accumulation of the water of the melted
+snow and copious rains. The prophet names the Nile, be-
+cause it is preeminently subject to periodical swelling.
+
+° Aben Ezra and Kedak. Lit. '• 1 will render it as a
+mourning for," ^:e,
+ti74
+
+
+'' iMoaning, in their distress they will seek for prophets,
+but they shall have ceased to be. Is not this Israel's
+present stater* since for so many centuries there has been
+no spirit of prophecy dispensed.
+
+' Lit. "way," "custom," hence that to whom custom-
+arily homage is paid, or the idol of Beer-sheba'.
+
+' Rashi, "the buttons on the top of the roof." Redak,
+"the lintel," so called from being ornamented with but-
+tons and flowers.
+
+* Rashi, "the assemblage of the righteous is the cause
+of the foundation of the earth for the vault of heaven;
+because for their sake all eudurelh."
+
+
+OBADIAH I.
+
+
+Ethiopians' unto me, () childroii of Israel?
+saitli the Lord: have I not hronght up Israel
+out of tlie land of Egypt? and the Philis-
+tines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from
+Kir?
+
+8 Behold, the eyes of the Lokd Eternal are
+upon the sinful kingdom, and I will destroy
+it from off the face of the earth; save only
+that I will not utterly destroy the house of
+Jacob, saith the Lokd.
+
+9 For, lo, I \yill gi\'e the command, and I
+will shake about among all the nations the
+house of Israel, as one shaketh things in a
+sieve, while not the least piece falleth down
+upon the earth.
+
+10 By the sword shall die all the sinners
+of my people, who say. The evil will not
+come near (us), nor hasten along for our
+sake.
+
+11 On that day will I raise up the taber-
+nacle of David which is fallen; and I will
+close up its breaches; and its ruins will I;
+
+
+raise up, and I will rebuild it as in days of
+old:
+
+12 In order that they may take possession
+of the renniant of Edom, and of all the na-
+tions, which are called by my name, saith
+the Lord that doth this.
+
+13 ^ Behold, days are coming, saith the
+Lord, when the plouglimau shall come close
+up to the harvester, and the treader of the
+grapes to the one that scattereth" the seed :
+and the mountains shall drop with sweet new
+wine, and all the hills shall melt awav."
+
+14 And I will bi'ing liack the captivity of
+my people Israel, and they shall build the
+wasted cities, and dwell therein; and thev
+shall plant vineyards, and drink their wine;;
+and they shall lay out gardens, and eat their
+fruit.
+
+15 And I will plant them upon their own
+soil, and they shall not be pulled up any
+more out of their land which I h;ne given
+unto them, saith the Lord thy God.
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF OBADIAH,
+
+
+nnDi' HNiDJ.
+
+
+1 II The vision of 'Obadiah: Thus hath
+said the Lord Eternal concerning Edom. A
+rumour have we heard from the Lord, and
+an ambassador is sent among the nations.
+Arise ye, and let us rise up against her to
+war.
+
+2 Behold, I make thee small among the
+nations: thou shalt be greatly despised.
+
+3 The presumption of thy heart hath be-
+guiled thee, thou that dwellest in the clefts
+of the rock, whose habitation is high; tliat
+saith in his heart. Who shall bring me down
+to the ground?
+
+4 Though thou wert to rise as high as the
+eagle, and though thou set thy nest among
+
+
+'the stars, thence will I brhig thee down, saith
+the Lord.
+
+
+5 How? are thieves come to thee?
+
+
+or
+
+
+night-prowling robbers? how destroyed'^ ait
+thou ! would they not have stolen till they
+ihad enough? if grape-gatherers had come to
+thee, would they not have left some glean-
+ings ?
+
+6 How are (the treasures) of Esau search-
+ed out ! how are his hidden things laid
+open !
+
+7 Up to the border have accom]ianied thee
+all the men of thy confederacy; Ijeguiled,
+overcome thee have the men that were at
+peace with thee : (they that eat) thy bread
+
+
+' ?'. e. God is just to all, whether Israel or others.
+" Lit. " draweth forth."
+
+
+'■ Redak, " cut off." Zunz, according to the sense.
+
+"emptied out." Jonathan, " how didst thou sleep till
+
+Meaning, overflowing with the .abundance of all the j thov h.id stolen enoujrh ?" takini: nn"0"iJ equal to noilj, or
+
+
+products of the earth.
+
+
+as being silent thmuiih ili'owsiness
+
+
+675
+
+
+OBADIAH I.
+
+
+have struck thee secretly a wound.' There
+is no understanding in him.*"
+
+8 Shall I not on that same day, saith the
+Lord, even destroy the wise men out of
+Edom, and understanding out of the mount
+of Esau?
+
+9 And thy mighty men, 0 Themuu, shall
+be dismayed, in order that every one from
+the mount of Esau may be cut off by slaugh-
+ter.
+
+10 Because of thy violence against thy
+brother Jacob shall shame cover thee, and
+thou shalt be cut oft" for ever.
+
+11 On the day that thou stoodest on the
+other side, on the day that strangers carried
+away captive his army, and foreigners entered
+into his gates, and cast lots over Jerusalem,
+also thou wast as any one of them.
+
+12 But thou shouldst not have" looked on
+(pleased) at the day of thy brother, on the
+day that he was delivered up to strangers;
+neither shouldst thou have rejoiced over the
+children of Judah on the day of their de-
+struction; nor .shouldst thuu have spoken
+proudly on the day of distress.
+
+13 Thou shouldst not have entered into
+the gate of my people on tlie day of their
+calamity; yea, thou too shouldst not have look-
+ed (pleased) on their affliction on the day of
+their calamity; nor have laid hands on their
+army on the day of their calamity ;
+
+14 Neither shouldst thou have stood in
+the crossway, to cut off tho.se of liis that did
+escape; neither shouldst thou have delivered
+
+' Zunz, "lay a snare under thee."
+
+'' i. e. Esau.
+
+" Rashi, referring all this passage to the past. Zunz,
+"thou shalt not again," &c.; and so up to end of ver. 14.
+
+'' For the meaning of SlO] see note to Joel iv. 4.
+Others give it here with " recompense."
+676
+
+
+up those of his that did remain on the day of
+distress.
+
+15 For near is the day of the Lord over
+all the nations : as thou hast done, shall it be
+done unto thee ; thy deeds" shall return upon
+thy own head.
+
+16 For as ye' have drunk upon my holy
+mount, so shall all the nations drink con-
+tinually; yea, tlie}^ shall drink, and they shall
+reeF about, and they shall be as though they
+had not been.
+
+17 But upon mount Zion shall be deliver-
+ance, and it shall be holy: and the house
+of Jacob shall again possess their inherit-
+ances.
+
+18 And the house of Jacob shall be a fire,
+and the house of Joseph a tlame, and the
+house of Esau become stubble, and they shall
+set them on fire, and devour them; and there
+shall not be any one I'emaining of the house
+of Esau; for the Lord hath spoken it.
+
+19 And they of the south shall possess the
+mount of Esau; and they of the lowland.s,the
+Philistines; and they shall possess the fields
+of Ephraim, and the fields of Samaria: and
+Benjamin (shall possess) Gil'ad.
+
+20 And the exiles of this host of the chil-
+dren of Israel that^ are (with) the Canaanites,
+as far as Zarephath, and the exiles of Jerusa-
+lem, who are in Sejjharad, shall possess the
+cities of the south.
+
+21 And deliverers shall go up on mouni
+Zion to judge the mount of Esau: and the
+kingdom shall be the Lord's.
+
+
+* The prophet now addressed Israel; but Jonathan re-
+fers this to 'Edom: "As ye have rejoiced over the down-
+fall of my holy mount."
+
+' Rashi. Others, " swallow."
+
+* Philippson, "shall ( possess) what the Cauaauites (iu-
+habit) as far as Zarephath."
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF JONAH,
+
+
+njv riiSi^J.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The word of the Lord also came unto
+Jonah the son of Amitthai, saving.
+
+2 Arise, go unto Nineveh, the great city,
+and proclaim against her; for their wicked-
+ness is come up l)efore me.
+
+3 But Jonah rose up to flee unto Thar-
+shish from the presence of the Lord; and he
+went down to Joppa, and found a ship going
+to Tharsliish, and paid the fare thereof, and
+went down into it, to go with them unto
+Tharsliish, from the presence of the Lord.
+
+4 But tlie Lord excited a great wind upon
+the sea, and there was a mighty tempest on
+the sea; and it was thought" that the sliip
+would be broken in pieces.
+
+5 And the mariners were afraid, and called
+every man unto his god; and they cast forth
+the articles which were in the ship into the
+sea, to be lightened of them. But Jonah was
+gone down into the hold of the ship, and lay
+down, and was fast asleep.
+
+6 So the ship-master came near unto him,
+and said unto him. Why dost thou sleep ?'^'
+arise, call upon thy God: perhaps it be that
+God will think of us, that we may not be j
+lost.
+
+7 And they said one to the other. Come,
+and let us cast lots; that we may know for
+whose cause this evil hath happened unto us.
+And they cast lots, and the lot fell upon
+Jonah.
+
+S Then said they unto him. Tell us, we
+pray thee, thou for whose cause this evil hath
+happened unto us, What is thy business?
+and whence comest thou? what is thy coun-
+try? and of what people art thou?
+
+9 And he said unto them, I am a Hebrew ;
+and I fear the Lord, tlie God of heaven, who
+hath made the sea and the dry land.
+
+* Tiit. "the ship thousrht to be broken.''
+
+'' Kashi. Eng- ver. '■ What iiieriin-st thou, 0 f-h'i'per?"
+
+" Heb. "silent from us."
+
+'' lu the Enslish versiou. chap. ii. coninieiices at ver. 2.
+
+
+10 Then were the men exceedingly afiai<l
+and they said unto him. What is this thou
+hast done? for the men knew that he was
+flying from the presence of the Lord; because
+he had told them.
+
+11 And they said unto liim. What shall
+we do unto thee, that the sea may become
+calm" around us? for the sea grew more and
+more tempestuous.
+
+12 And he said unto them, Take me up,
+and cast me forth into the sea : so shall the
+sea be calm aroinid you ; for I know well
+that because of me is this great tempest upon
+
+
+you.
+
+13 Nevertheless the men rowed hard to
+bring (the ship) Ijack to the land; but they
+could not; for the sea grew more and more
+tempestuous around them.
+
+11 And they called unto the Lord, and
+said, We beseech thee, 0 Lord, let us not be
+lost, we pray thee, for the life of this man,
+and lay not upon us (the guilt of) innocent
+blood; for thou art the Lord, as it pleaseth
+thee so dost thou do.
+
+15 And they took up Jonah, and cast him
+forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from
+its raging.
+
+! IG And the men feared the Lord very
+greatly; and they oftered a sacrifice unto the
+j Lord, and made vows.
+
+! CHAPTER IL^
+
+! 1 And the Lord made ready a large fish
+to swallow up Jonah : and Jonah was in the
+I belly'' of the fish three days and three nights.
+
+i Then prayed Jonah unto the Lord his
+' God out of the belly of the fish,
+
+3 And he said, I called from the midst of
+!my distress unto the Lord, and he hath an-
+l^swered me: out of the depth' of the grave
+I have I cried, and thou hast heard my voice.
+
+l' » TIeb. "bowels."
+
+' Kashi, "the belly of the fish, which is like the grate
+' unto me." Philippson, " the bosom of the nether •world."
+
+I Zunz, 'of hell."
+
+677
+
+
+JONAH il. III. IV.
+
+
+I
+
+
+am driven out
+shall look
+
+
+again
+
+
+4 For thou hast cast nie into the deep, in
+the heart of the seas; and the stream com-
+passeth me about: all thy billoAvs and thy
+waves have passed over me.
+
+5 And I thought indeed,
+from before thy eyes : yet I
+toward thy holy temple.
+
+6 The waters surrounded me, to the peril"
+of my life; the deep compassed me about:
+sea-weeds were bound about my head.
+
+7 To the bottoms of the mountains did I
+go down; the earth (closed) her bars about
+me for ever: when thou broughtest up my
+life from the pit,*" 0 Lord my God !
+
+8 When my soul fainted within me I re-
+membered the Lord: and my prayer came
+unto thee, unto thy holy temple.
+
+9 They that guard talse vanities forsake
+(the source of) their kindness."
+
+10 But I will sacrifice unto thee with the
+voice of thanksgiving; that which I have
+vowed will I pay ; (for) help is with the
+Lord.
+
+11 And the Lord commanded'' the fish, and
+it vomited out Jonah upon the dry land.
+
+CHAPTER HI.
+
+1 Tl And the word of the Lord came unto
+Jonah the second time, saying,
+
+2 Arise, go unto Nineveh, the great city,
+and proclaim unto it the proclamation which
+I shall speak unto thee.
+
+3 And Jonah arose, and went unto Nine-
+veh, according to the word of the Lord. Now
+Nineveh was a great city before God,° a three
+days' journey.
+
+4 And Jonah began to go tlirough' the
+city one day's journey, and he called out, and
+said, Yet forty days more, and Nineveh shall
+be overthrown.
+
+5 And the men of Nineveh believed in
+God ; and they proclaimed a fast, and put on
+sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the
+least of them.
+
+6 For when the matter was come unto the
+king of Nineveh, he arose from his throne,
+and put oft" his mantle from him, and covered
+
+■ Heb. "even uuto the soul."
+'' Eiig. ver. "corruption."
+
+° Riishi; i. e. God, from whom all the kindness men
+enjoy flows. Philippson, "their happiness."
+" Lit. "said unto," &c.
+• Lit. " great unto God."
+678
+
+
+himself with sackcloth, and sat down on
+ashes.
+
+7 And he caused to be proclaimed and he
+published'^ through Nineveh, By the decree
+of the king and his chief men, It is said.
+Neither man nor beast, neither herds nor
+flocks, shall taste any thing ; they shall not
+feed, nor drink water;
+
+8 But let man and beast be covered with
+sackcloth, and let (men) call unto God with
+might; and let them turn every one from his
+evil way, and from the violence which is in
+their hands.
+
+9 Who knoweth,*" but God may turn and
+bethink himself, and turn away from the
+fierceness of his anger, that we perish not?
+
+10 And God saw their works, that they
+had turned from their evil way : and God be-
+thought himself of the evil, which he had
+spoken that he would do unto them, and he
+did it not.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 But it displeased Jonah exceedingly;
+and he was wroth.
+
+2 And he prayed unto the Lord, and said,
+I pray thee, 0 Lord, was not this my word,
+while I was yet in my own country? Tliere-
+fore made I haste' to fly unto Tharshish ; for
+I knew that thou art a gracious God, and
+merciful, long-suftering, and abundant in kind-
+ness, and repentant of the evil.
+
+3 And now, 0 Lord, take, I pray thee, my
+soul from me; because it is better for me to
+die, than to live.
+
+4 And the Lord said. Art thou very wroth?''
+
+5 Now Jonah was gone out of the city,
+and dwelt on the east side of the city; and
+he had made himself there a booth, and sat
+under it in the shade, till he should see what
+would become of the city.
+
+6 And the Lord God made ready a gourd,
+and it grew up over Jonah, to be a shade
+over his head, to relieve him from his af-
+fliction. And Jonah rejoiced because of the
+gourd exceedingly.
+
+7 But God made ready a worm when the
+
+' Lit. "to enter into." « Heb. "said."
+
+'' Rasbi, " Whoever is conscious of guilt let him return ;
+then God may repent, and," &c.
+
+' Johlson. Philippson, "I fled before."
+
+' Aben Ezra; but Philippson, "Is it right that it Ji.s-
+]ili'asoth thee?"
+
+
+MICAH I.
+
+
+morning dawned on the morrow, and it smote
+tlie gourd that it withered.
+
+8 And it came to pass, when the sun arose,
+that God made ready a hot east wind; and the
+sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he be-
+came faint; and he wished for himself to die,
+and said, It is better for me to die than to live.
+
+9 And God said unto Jonah, Art thou very
+wroth for the gourd? And he said, I am
+very wroth, even unto death.
+
+
+10 And the Lord said. Thou wouldst
+have spared the gourd, for which thou hadst
+not laboured, neither hadst thou made it
+grow; which came up in one night, and
+perished in one night:
+
+11 And shall i
+great city, wherein are more than twelve
+times ten thousand persons, who know not
+how to discern between their right hand and
+their left hand, and also much cattle?
+
+
+not spare Nineveh, that
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF MICAH,
+
+
+CHAPTER 1.
+
+1 ^ The word of the Lord that came to
+Micah" the Morashthite in the days of Jo-
+tham, Achaz, (and) Hezekiah, the kings of
+Judah, which he foresaw concerning Samaria
+and Jerusalem.
+
+2 Hear, ye people, altogether; listen, 0
+earth, with 'all that fiUetli it: and let the
+Lord Eternal be witness ugainst you, the
+Lord from his holy temple.
+
+3 For, Ijehold, the Lord cometh forth out
+of his residence;'' and he will come down,
+and will step along" upon the high places of
+the earth.
+
+4 And the mountains shall melt Ijeneath
+him, and the valleys shall cleave in twain,
+like wax (melteth) before the fire, like water
+poured out on a declivity.
+
+5 For the transgression of Jacob is all
+this, and for the sins of the house of Israel.
+Who'' caused the transgression of Jacob? is it
+not Samaria? and who caused the high-places
+of Judah ? is it not Jerusalem ?
+
+6 Therefore will I change Samaria into
+
+
+' Properly, Michah. Morashthite, a man of More-
+shah.
+
+" Lit. "place." ° Lit. "tread."
+
+'' Kedak. Jonathan, "Where is the transgression of
+Jacob, is it not at Samaria?" &e.
+
+• Rashi and Aben Ezra. Others, "stripped," or
+"bare " Zunz, "wild."
+
+
+stone-heaps on the field, into vineyard plant-
+ations : and I will liurl down into the valley
+her stones, and her foundations will I lay open.
+
+7 And all her graven images shall be
+beaten to pieces, and all her wages of sin
+shall be burnt with the fire, and all her idols
+will I make desolate; for from harlot's wages
+she gathered them, and for harlot's wages
+shall they be used again.
+
+8 For this will I lament and wail; I will
+go confused" and naked: I will make a la-
+ment like the crocodiles, and mourning like
+the ostriches.
+
+9 For her wounds' are incurable; for (the
+evil) is come even unto Judah; (the enemy)
+hath reached as far as the gate of my people,
+even up to Jerusalem.
+
+10 Tell it not at Gath. weep ye not loudly
+(there) : in Beth-le'aphrah roll thyself in the
+dust.
+
+11 Pass ye away, ye inhabitants of Sha-
+phir, having your shauie laid bare: the in-
+habitress of Zaiinan cometh not forth (any
+more) ; the mourning of Beth-haezel taketii
+from you its halting place.^
+
+' Rashi, "she is sick of her wounds."
+
+8 After Phllippsoi) ; meaning, Beth-haezel being cap-
+tured will prevent its becoming a place for making a stand
+against the enemy. Rashi takes Ssxn jT3 as meaning
+"bringing fields close together," /. <•. by robbing; and
+translates, "the mourning which ye caused those ye plun
+dered by depriving them of their inheritance to join it to
+
+679
+
+
+MICAH I. IT.
+
+
+12 For the inhabitress of Maroth is grieved"
+for the (lost) good; because evil came down
+from the Lord unto the gate of Jerusalem.
+
+13 Bind the chariot to the swift horses, 0
+inhabitress of Lachish : the beginning of sin
+was she to the daughter of Zion ; for in thee
+were found the transgressions of Israel.
+
+14 Therefore shalt thou have to give pre-
+sents to Moresheth-gath : the houses of Ach-
+zib shall become a deception to the kings of
+Israel.
+
+15 Yet will I bring an (enemy as) heir**
+unto thee, 0 inhabitant of Mareshah : as fixr
+as 'Adullam shall withdraw" the glory of
+Israel.
+
+IG Make thyself bald, and cut off thy
+hair for the children of thy delight; enlarge
+thy baldness like the eagle; because they are
+gone into exile from thee.
+
+CHAPTJ]R II.
+
+1 ^ Wo to those that devise wickedness,
+and resolve on evil upon their couches! by
+the first light of the morning they execute
+it, if'^ they have it in the power of their
+hand.
+
+2 And they covet fields, and roli them;
+and houses, and take them away : so they
+defraud the master and his house, and the
+man and his heritage.
+
+?> ^ Therefore thus hath said the Lord,
+Behold, I will devise against this family an
+evil, from which ye shall not remove your
+necks; nor shall ye go erect; for it is an evil
+time.
+
+4 On that day shall one take up a paral;)le
+against you, and lament with a mournful
+lamentation, and say, " We are utterly wasted :
+
+
+yours, will cause your buildings erected thereon to have
+no permanence;" ;'.'■. they shall fall, not stand. Zunz,
+" the mourning procession of Beth-haezel taketh (already)
+its stand by you." It is a difficult verse.
+
+° Aben Ezra; but Rashi, "she hoped for good."
+
+"■ Johlson, "conqueror;" and makes him the nomina-
+tive to the end of the verse.
+
+° Rashi; /. c. the enemy shall drive the Israelites be-
+fore him up to 'Adullam, before they shall be able to
+halt. I'hilippson, "up to 'Adullam cometh he (the
+enemy) against the pride of Israel."
+
+'' Others, "because."
+
+' Abtn Ezra; /. e. the enemy divides the land, which
+the Israelites hoped should return to them. So Rashi
+also, "The portion of my people is transferred to the
+enemy; how will he turn unto me again to restore to
+us our fields, which now that enemy divideth." Pliili)ip-
+;;8(J
+
+
+the portion of my people hath he exchanged ;
+how hath he removed it from me! in.stead
+of restoring (them to us)'' he divideth our
+fields."
+
+5 Therefore shalt thou hfive none that
+shall draw*^ the (measuring) cord in (his) lot
+in the congregation of the Lord.
+
+6 "Preach not;" (but) they shall preach:"
+they shall not preach (indeed) to these, that
+reproach may not overtake them.
+
+7 Shall it be said*" (in) the house of Jacob,
+Is the spirit of the LoHi) str.iightened ? are
+these his doings? Do not my wokIs do good
+to him that walketh uprightly?
+
+8 But long since is my people risen up as
+an enemy: from the gannent do yea pull off
+the ornament;' of those that pass by securely
+(ye make) men returned from war.'
+
+9 The wives of my people do you drive
+out of their delightful houses; from their
+children do ye take away my ornament for
+ever.
+
+10 Arise ye, and depart; for this is not
+your resting-place; because it is polluted, it
+shall destroy (you), even with a grievous de-
+struction.
+
+11 If a man that goeth after wind and
+lieth with falsehood (should say), "I will
+preach unto thee of wine and of strong
+drink :" he would be a preacher for this
+people.
+
+12 I will (once) surely assemble. 0 Jacob,
+all of thee; I will surely gather up the rem-
+nant of Israel ; I will place them together as
+flocks in the fold,'' as droves in the midst
+of their pen : they shall be crowded' with
+men.
+
+13 The wall-breaker cometh up before
+
+son, "depriving us of them they divide the fields." Johl-
+son, "to the enemy are our fields apportioned."
+
+' Lit. "cast," (■. ('. on the ground; or draw it out to
+measure with it.
+
+s I'hilippson; but Rashi, "you prophi^fs, who always
+preach."
+
+'' Rashi. Zunz, "thou, called, House of Jacob, is the
+Lord quick to become wroth ?" &c.
+
+' Rashi; i. e. the ornaments which are fast on the gar-
+ments they pull off by force, thus defacing them ; and
+make tho.se who walk along securely look as though they
+had returned in tatters from a battle.
+
+'' Jonathan and others, Buzrnh, a city of Edom, wliicli,
+it is alleged, had many flocks.
+
+' Others, "shall make a noise," as in largo cities, while
+the population is about, there is always a peculiar nois*
+perceptible.
+
+
+MIC AH II. III. IV.
+
+
+them; they break in and pass through the
+gate, and go° out by it: and their king pass-
+eth on before them, and the Lord at their
+head.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ^ And I said, Hear, I pray you, 0 ye
+heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house
+of Israel! Is it not for vou to know what is
+justice?
+
+2 (But they are those) who hate the good,
+and love the evil; who tear their skin from
+off them, and their flesh from off their
+bones ;
+
+3 Who also eat the flesh of my people,
+and flay their skin from off" them; and who
+crush their bones, and cliop them in pieces,
+as that to be put in a pot, and as flesh within
+a caldron.
+
+4 Then will thej* cry unto the Lord, but
+he will not hear them; and he will hide his
+face from them at that tune, as they have
+coininittod their evil deeds.
+
+•J ^^ Thus hath said the Lord concerning
+the prophets that mislead my people, who,
+when they have something to bite with their
+teeth, cry, Peace; but wlio prepare war
+against him who putteth nothing in their
+mouth :
+
+6 Therefore shall the night be unto you,
+without a vision; and it shall be dark unto
+you. without divining; and the sun shall go
+down around the prophets, and the day shall
+be obscured around them.''
+
+7 Thus shall the seers be made asliamed,
+and the diviners be put to the blush : yea,
+they shall all wrap themselves up to the
+upper lip;'' for there is no answer of
+God.
+
+8 But truly I am indeed lull of strength
+by the spirit of the Lord, and (of power) of
+judging, and of might, to tell unto Jacob his
+transgression, and to Israel his sin.
+
+9 ^ Hear this, I pray you, ye heads of
+tlie house of Jacob, and ye princes of the
+house of Israel, that abhor justice, and make
+crooked all that is straight.
+
+
+" Zunz, "tbrough which the others went out." The
+prophet briefly describes the return of the dispersed of
+Israel at the restoration, when all ditfieulties shall vanish;
+ihc prince leads, but God prepares the way.
+
+■■ The preceding verse says bow the prophets would
+t rnphesy for wages peace, or declare war if nut paid ;
+4 L
+
+
+10 They build up Zion with blood-guilti-
+ness, and Jerusalem with wrong.
+
+11 Her heads judge for bribes, and her
+priests teach for reward, and her prophets
+divine for money: and yet will they lean
+upon the Lord, and say. Is not the Lord
+among us? evil cannot come over us.
+
+12 Therefore for your sake shall Zion be
+ploughed up as a field, and Jerusalem shall
+become ruinous heaps, and the mount of the
+house, forest-covered high-places.*
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ And it shall come to pass in the last
+days, that the mountain of the Lord's house
+shall be firmly established on the top of the
+mountains, and shall be exalted above the
+hills; and unto it shall people flow.
+
+2 And many nations shall come, and say,
+Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain
+of the Lord, and to the house of the God of
+Jacob; that he may teach us of his ways,
+and we may walk in his paths; for out of
+Zion shall go forth tiie law, and the word of
+the Lord out of Jerusalem.
+
+3 And he shall judge between many peo-
+ple, and decide for strong nations even afar
+off"; and they shall beat their swords into
+plough-shares, and their spears into pruning-
+knives : nation shall not lift up sword against
+nation, and they shall not learn any more
+war.
+
+4 But they shall sit every man under his
+vine and under his fig-tree, with none to
+make them afraid; for the mouth of the
+Lord of hosts hath spoken it.
+
+5 (But) though' all the peojjle should walk
+every one in the name of his god, yet Avill we
+walk in the name of the Lord our God for
+ever and ever.
+
+6 ^ On that day, saith the Lord, will I
+asseml)le her that halteth, and her that is
+driven out will I gather, and her to whom I
+have done evil)
+
+7 And T will make of her that halted a
+remnant, and of her that was cast off" far
+away a strong nation : and the Lord Avill
+
+
+and now they are told that they shall be deprived of the
+means of deceiving, as the night shall be too dark to look
+at the stars and the sun be obscured in the day.
+
+° Sign of mourning. (See Lev. xiii. 45; p]zek. xxiv. 17.)
+
+■^ See Jer. xxvi. 18.
+
+" Johlson. Others, "For all the people, &c., and we," i^c.
+
+C81
+
+
+MICAH IV. V.
+
+
+reign over them on monnt Zion. from this
+time and unto eternity.
+
+8 Tl And thou, 0 tower" of flocks, the
+strong-hold of the daughter of Zion, unto
+thee sliall go,'' and sliall come, the former do-
+minion, the kingdom belonging to the daugh-
+ter of Jerusalem.
+
+9 Now why dost thou cry aloud? is there
+no king in thee? is thy counsellor lost? that
+pangs have seized on thee as on a woman in
+travail?
+
+10 Be in pain, and labour to bring forth,'"
+0 daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail;
+for now shalt thou go forth out of the town,
+and thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou
+shalt go as far as Babylon; there shalt thou
+be delivered; there will the Lord redeem
+thee from the grasp of thy enemies.
+
+11 And now many nations are gathered
+against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and
+let our eye look with pleasure on Zion.
+
+12 But they know not the thoughts of the
+Lord, and they understand not his counsel:
+that he will (once) gather them as the
+sheaves into the threshing-floor.
+
+13 Arise and thresh, 0 daughter of Zion;
+for T will render thy horn iron, and thy hoofs
+will I render copper, and thou shalt beat in
+pieces many people: and I will devote unto
+the Lord their ill-gotten gain, and their sub-
+stance unto the Lord of the whole earth.
+
+ll"" Now gather thyself in troops, 0 daugh-
+ter of troops ;' they lay siege against us: with
+the rod they smite upon the cheek the judge
+of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ][ But thou, Beth-lechem Ephratah, the
+least (though) thou be among the thousands
+of Judali, (yet) out of thee shall he come
+forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel,
+whose origin is from olden times, from most
+ancient days.
+
+
+° Not the tower of this uaiiic, MigJal-'eder, mentioned
+in Gen. .^xxv. 21, which is b>' Beth-lechem, but Mount
+Zion itself, the watchtower fur the flock spoken of in the
+preceJinf; vcr.ses. — After Redak.
+
+'' llashi, after the massoretic pause accent at nnNH. sup-
+plies "the remnant" spoken of above: "unto thee shall
+come all the renmant; and there shall comi' tiie former
+dominion," &c.
+
+° lledak renders -njl witli ''and j;:ri)an."
+
+^ In the English version tiiis is verse 1 of chap. v.
+
+" Hashi comments this to mean the (!h:ildeans, who
+(182
+
+
+2 Therefore will he give them up, until
+the time that she'' who travaileth hath
+brought forth: then shall the remnant of his
+brethren return with the children of Israel.
+
+3 And he shall stand forward and fiied
+(Israel) through the strength of the Lord,
+through the excellency of the name of the
+Lord his God : and they shall abide (safely) ;
+for now shall he be great even unto the ends
+of the earth.
+
+4 And in this (manner) shall there be
+peace: If Asshur should come into our land;
+and if he should tread in our palaces, then
+will we raise up against him seven shepherds,
+and eight anointed^ men.
+
+5 And they shall lay waste the land of
+Asshur with the sword, and the land of Nim-
+rod in the gates of its (cities) : thus will he
+deliver us from Asshur, if he should come
+into our land, and if he should tread within
+our borders.
+
+6 Tf And the. remnant of Jacob sliall be in
+the midst of many people like dew from the
+Lord, like showers upon the herbs, that wait
+not for man, nor hope for the sons of man.
+
+7 And the remnant of Jacob shall be
+among the nations, in the midst of many
+people, like a lion among the beasts of the
+forest, like a young lion among flocks of
+sheep: who, if he break in,*" lioth treadeth
+down, and teareth in pieces, while none can
+deliver.
+
+8 High shall thy hand be lifted up above
+thy adversaries, and all thy enemies shall be
+cut off.
+
+9 ^1 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+saith the Lord, that I will cut off th}- horses
+out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy
+thy chariots;
+
+10 And I will cut ofi' the cities of tliy
+land, and 1 will throw down all thy strong-
+holds ;
+
+11 And I will cut ofi" the arts of witch-
+
+
+may now prosper, though Israel will at length survive
+and prevail over all. Philippson, freely, ''troop of op-
+pressors."
+
+' God will give them up to their enemy till the time of
+Jndah's regeneration, when their remnant shall join the
+other tribes and be no more two people. — After ll.\siii.
+
+* Zunz. Others, "principal." "These numbers are
+indefinite, and mean chiefs and generals with their proper
+armies." — Piiilippson.
+
+"" /. e. Pas.<eth through the enclosure where the cattle
+nre kejit.
+
+
+MicAH V. VI. VI r.
+
+
+craft out of thy hand ; and soothsayers shall
+thou have no more;
+
+12 And I will cut off thy graven images,
+and thy statues out of the midst of thee; and
+thou shalt no more prostrate thyself to the
+work of thy h.mds;
+
+13 And I will pluck up thy groves out of
+the midst of thee; and I will destroy thy
+enemies."
+
+14 And I will in unger and in fury exe-
+cute vengeance upon the nations, upon those
+that have not hearkened.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 1] Do l)ut hear now what the Lord saith,
+Arise, contend thou hetbre'' the mountains,
+and let the hills hear thy voice.
+
+2 Hear ye. 0 mountains, tlie controversy
+of the Lord, and ye strong foundations of
+the earth! for the Lord hath a controversy
+with his people, and with Israel will he
+[ilead.
+
+3 0 my people, what have I done unto
+thee? and wherewith have I wearied thee?
+testify against me.
+
+4 Although" I had brought thee up out
+of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out
+of the house of bond-men ; and I sent before
+thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
+
+5 0 my people, do but remember what Ba-
+lak thy king of Molib resohed, and what
+Bil'am the son of Be'or answered him, from
+Shittim'' unto Gilgal, in order that ye may
+know the gracious benefits of the Lord.
+
+G Wherewith shall I come before the Lord,
+bow myself before the God on high? shall I
+come before him with burnt-offerings, with
+calves of a year old ?
+
+7 Will the Lord be pleased with thousands
+of rams, or with myriads of streams of oil?
+shall I give my first-born for my transgres-
+sion, the fruit of my body for the sin of my
+soul?
+
+
+' Jonathan and Rashi. Others, "thy cities." What-
+ever is used for defence or attack, and all means of decep-
+tion, and outward disturbing causes, shall no longer break
+in upon the reign of peace hero foretold.
+
+*■ Meaning, that mountains and hills shall be the judges.
+
+° tlashi. Others, "because."
+
+'' ivasii, "In Shittim you sinned, yet I withheld not
+the go^d nor my help from you, but brought you to Gil-
+gal to inherit the land."
+
+" Heb. Ephah, as a general term for measures. This
+is here represented as "scant " not up to the legal stand-
+
+
+8 He hath told thee, 0 man, what is good ;
+and what the Lord doth reqvtire of thee:
+(nothing) but to do justice, and to love kind-
+ness, and to walk humbly with thy God.
+
+9 ^ The voice of the Lord calleth unto
+the city, — and (the man of) wisdom shall
+see thy name : — hear ye the rod (of punish-
+ment), and who hath ordained it.
+
+10 Are there yet in the house of the wick-
+ed man the treasures of wickedness, and the
+scant accursed measure?"
+
+11 Can I be pure with wicked balances,
+and with a bag (full) of deceptive weights?
+
+12 For her rich men are full of violence,
+and her inhabitants have spoken falsehood,
+and their tongue is deceit (itself) in their
+mouth.
+
+13 Therefore have I also smitten thee
+with sore wounds, making (thee) desolate be-
+cause of thy sins.
+
+14 Thou wilt indeed eat, but not be satisfied;
+and what tlion hast eaten shall bend thee
+down ;^ and thou wilt overtake (the enemy),*
+but thou shalt not deliver; and that which
+thou deliverest will I give up to the sword.
+
+15 Thou wilt indeed sow, but thou shalt not
+reap ; thou wilt indeed tread out olives, but thou
+shalt notanoint tlnself with oil; and the juice
+of the grapes, but thou shalt not drink wine.
+
+16 For there are observed the statutes of
+'Omri, and all the w^orks of the house of
+Achab, and ye walk in their counsels: in
+order that I should give thee up unto desola-
+tion, and thy inhabitants to derision ; and ^e
+shall bear the reproach of my** people.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ^ Wo is me ! for I am as in the gather-
+ing' of the summer-fruits, as in the grape-
+gleanings of the vintage : there is no cluster
+to eat, no first-ripe fruit for which my soul
+longeth.
+
+2 The pious hath disappeared out of the
+
+ard, hence, "accursed," or calling down the wrath of
+God.
+
+' Rashi, 13ip3 " what is in thy bowels," ('. ''. the food
+after it is eaten, — this shall be undigested, and cause a
+cramp and contraction. Zunz, " unappea.sable hunger
+shall remain within thee."
+
+« Rashi.
+
+" Sept. "of the people."
+
+' Rashi, "The prophet complains over himself that he
+was appointed prophet at a time when there were no
+righteous in the generation."
+
+683
+
+
+MICAH VII.
+
+
+hind ; and the upright among men there is
+none, all of them lie in wait for blood; they
+hunt every man his brother with a net.
+
+?> For the evil of j-our hands you expect
+good? while the prince demandeth (bribes),
+and the judge acteth for pay ; and the great
+man is only speaking the wilful pleasure of
+his soul : and so do they make a network (of
+wrong) ."
+
+4 The best of tliem is like a brier; the most
+upright is (sharper) than a thorn-hedge: the
+day of thy watcbmen,'' thy punishment, is
+come ; now shall be perplexity among them.
+
+5 Trust ye not in a friend, put ye not
+confidence in a confidant:" from her that
+lieth in thy bosom guard the doors of thy
+mouth.
+
+6 For the son disgrace tli the father, the
+daughter riseth up against her mother, the
+
+
+dau'ihter-in-law
+
+
+against her mother-in-law;
+
+
+a man s enemies are the men of his own
+house.
+
+7 But I, — I will look unto the Lord ; I will
+wait for the God of my salvation : my God
+will hear me.
+
+8 Eejoice not. 0 my enemy,'* over me :
+though I am foUen, I rise again ; though I
+should sit in darkness, the Lord will be a
+light unto me.
+
+9 *(\ The indignation of the Lord will I
+bear, because I have sinned against him ;
+until that he plead my cause, and execute jus- l| ness.
+
+
+11 The day^ that thy fences are to be
+built — that same day, the ordained, is yet
+far removed.'
+
+12 It is a day when men shall come to
+thee from Assyria, and the cities of Mazor,=
+and from Mazor even to the river, and from
+sea to sea, and (from) mountain to mountain.
+
+13 While" the land (of the nations) shall
+be made desolate because of its inhabitants,
+for the fruit of their doings.
+
+14 ][ Feed thy people with thy rod, the
+flock of thy heritage, which dwell in solitude
+in the wood, in the midst of Carmel : let
+them feed in Bashan and Gil'ad, as in the
+days of old.
+
+15 As in the days of thy coming out of the
+land of Egypt will I let them see marvellous
+things.
+
+16 Nations shall see and be ashamed of
+all their might : they shall lay their hand
+upon their mouth, their ears shall be deaf-
+ened.
+
+17 They shall lick the dust like the ser-
+pent; like those that crawl on the earth, shall
+they come forth trembling out of their close
+places : unto the Lord our God shall they
+hasten in dread, and shall be afraid of thee.
+
+18 Who is a god like unto thee, pardoning
+iniquity, and forgiving' transgression to the
+residue of his heritage ? he retaineth not his
+•iiiger for ever, because he delighteth in kind-
+
+
+tice for me: (when) he will bring me forth to
+the light, and I shall beliold his righteousness.
+10 Then she that is my enemy will see it,
+and shame shall cover her, who said unto me, sea.
+Where is the Lord thy God ? My eyes shall
+complacently see her (suffer) : now shall she
+be trodden down as the mire of the streets.
+
+
+" This verse is rendered after Rashi; but Redak, "to
+ciinfirm the evil in their hands, the judge," &c. Philipp-
+son, "In order to pronounce the evil of the hands good,
+the judge," &c. — "and the great expresseth the longing
+of his soul," ('. e. for gifts.
+
+'' Rashi, "the day on which thou didst hope for happi-
+ness;" the watchmen are the prophets; the day they pre-
+dicted was the time of punisiiment.
+
+° Others, "chief," or "guide."
+
+'' I'roperly, "female enemy," which cannot ho given
+vith an English word.
+
+(JHl
+
+
+19 He v/jll again have mercy on us, he
+will suppress our iniquities : yea, thou wilt
+cast all their sins into the dej)ths of the
+
+
+20 Thou wilt show faithfulness unto Jacob,
+and kindness unto Abraham, which thou hast
+sworn unto our fathers in the days of old.
+
+' Rashi refers this verse to the enemy, and renders,
+"The day thou hopest for, to build thy fences — that day
+will remove afar its fixed time and will be delayed and
+never come."
+
+' After Philippson, who refers the prophecy to Israel,
+the restoration of whom it is thus said will be after a long
+while, though certain.
+
+« Redak, "Egypt." Others, "fortified cities."
+
+'■ Rashi and Aben Ezi:i ; but Philippson, "Notwith-
+standing the land (of Israel) was made desolate."
+
+' Lit "parsing by," i. e. not punishing.
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF NAHUM,
+
+
+Dim HiXIDJ.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The doom of Ninoveh. The book of
+the vision of Nahum" the Ell<;oshite.
+
+2 A God watchful and avenging is the Lord ;
+an avenger is the Lord, and full of fury; the
+Lord taketh vengeance on his adversaries, j
+and keepeth in mind the deeds of his ene-
+mies.
+
+3 The Lord is long-suflering, and great in ,
+power, but he will by no means clear the |
+guilty : the Lord — in the whirlwind and in
+the storm is his way, and the clouds are the
+dust of his feet.
+
+4 He rebuketh the sea, and maketh it dry,
+and all the rivers he drieth up : Bashan then
+withereth, with Carmel, and the flowers of
+Lebanon wither.
+
+5 Mountains quake before him, and the
+hills melt away ; and the earth is lifted up*"
+at his presence, yea, the Avorld, and all that
+dwell therein.
+
+6 Before his indignation Avho can stand?
+and who can subsist" before the fierceness of
+his anger? his fury is poured out like fire,,
+and the rocks are broken down by him. j
+
+7 The Lord is good, a strong-hold on the
+day of distress; and he knoweth'' those that
+trust in him.
+
+8 But with an overflowing flood will he
+utterly destroy the place of (Nineveh), and
+his enemies will he pursue with darkness. 1
+
+9 What will you devise against the Lord?,
+
+' Properly, Narhxim, ]
+
+' As is often the case in earth(|uakes, when hills sink
+and level land is upheaved. Rashi, Aben Ezra, &c.
+'•riseth up in smoke," or " is burnt."
+
+° Pliilippson, literally, "who can rise up."
+
+^ Basni, "(the wants of) those." &c.
+
+' Philippson refers this and verse 12 to Israel, or Zion,
+meaning, that the wicked should be removed, and they
+should suflFer no more through them. Rashi and others
+apply this verse to Nineveh, as the destroyer of God's
+{leople had come from it.
+
+' Jonathan, " though they set across the Tigris and
+passed over the Euphr.ites."
+
+
+he is bringing about, an utter destruction, the
+distress shall not rise up twice.
+
+10 For they, like thorns interwoven, and
+as men made drunken in their drinking bout,
+shall be entirely consumed as dry stubble.
+
+11 There is gone forth" out of thee he
+that devised evil against the Lord, the coun-
+sellor of infamous things.
+
+12 T[ Thus hath said the Lord. Though
+they be complete, and ever so many, never-
+theless shall they be cut down,*' and it shall
+be over (with them) : and if even I have
+afflicted thee, I will afllict thee no more.
+
+13 For now will I break his yoke from off
+thee, and th}- Ijonds will I tear asunder.
+
+14 Buf-' against thee hath the Lord de-
+creed, that no heir'' of thy name shall be any
+more : out of the house of thy gods will I cut
+oft' the graven and the molten image; I will
+prepare thy grave (there) ;* for thou art made
+vile.
+
+CHAPTER IL'^
+
+1 Behold, upon the mountains are the feet
+of him that bringeth good tidings, that pul>
+lisheth peace, Celebrate thy feasts, 0 Judah,
+fulfil thy vows; for never more shall the
+wicked' pass again through thee, he is ut-
+terly cut off.
+
+2 The destroj'er is come up against thee"
+to enclose (thee) with Avorks of siege:
+look out on the way, make thy loins strong,
+strengthen (thyself) greatly with power.
+
+s Verse 13 evidently refers to Jerusalem or Israel, and
+this to the king of Assyria.
+
+^ Lit. " there shall not be sown of thj- name any more."
+
+' After Rashi, who comments, "like thy father who
+was slain in the house of Nissrach his god." (See 2 Kings
+six. 39.)
+
+' In the English version, chap. ii. commences at ver. '2.
+
+' Johlson and others, "destroyer."
+
+^ Rashi conceives the land of Judah to be addressed
+here: "The destroyer that once came up against thee, is
+now himself besieged (by the king of Babylon); look out,
+thou man of Judah," <Sc. Aben Ezra thinks Nineveh is
+addressed.
+
+
+NAHUM II. 111.
+
+
+3 For the Lord bringeth back again the
+excellency of Jacob, as also the excellency
+of Israel; for the plunderers" have plundered
+them, and have wasted the branches of their
+vines.
+
+4 The rdiields of his mighty men are made
+red, the .aliant men are (clothed) in scarlet :
+with the fire of the steeP the chariots (glitr
+ter) CM the day when he prepareth himself
+(for battle), and the spears'' are shaken.
+
+5 In the streets the chariots rush madly
+along, they rattle through the public places :
+their appearance is like torches, they run
+along like the lightnings.
+
+6 He will summon his valiant men, they
+shall stumble iii their walk : they hasten to
+her walls, and the covering for defence is
+prepared.
+
+7 The gates of the rivers are opened, and
+the palace is dissolved.
+
+8 And the queen'' is carried away into
+exile stripped of her attire, and her maids
+moan as with the voice of doves, striking
+their hand upon their breast.
+
+9 And Nineveh was like a pool of water
+from the days that she existed: yet now
+they flee. "Stand, stand," (shall they cry,)
+but none shall look back.
+
+10 Plunder silver, plunder gold; for with-
+out end are the treasures, there is an aljund-
+ance" of all precious vessels.
+
+11 She is void, and emptied out, and wast-
+ed; and the heart melteth, and the knees
+totter, and trembling is in all loins, and the
+tiices of them all are covered with blackness.
+
+12 Where is (now) the dwelling of the
+lions, and Avhat was the feeding-place of the
+young lions, where the linn, the lioness, and
+the lion's whelp walked, and none made them
+al'raid ?
+
+13 The lion tore in pieces (prey) enough
+for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses,
+
+
+' Lit. "the einpticrs have emptied them out."
+'' ^\^^^>2 is .supiiii.'^ed by Zuiiz and (ithers to mean "steel,"
+hence the weapons made of it, with whieh the chariots
+were supplied when they went to battle. Sume (Rashi,
+Aben Ezra, and Uedak) suppose it means "flames," or the
+sparks stniLk by the iron wheels as they are driven swiftly
+over the grouud.
+
+"Lit. "Hie fi.- trees," hence, "spears" or "arrows"
+made of this wood. Redak, "the spears are poisoned."
+The sentence is of difficult ccr.c'iruction; and Jonathan
+renders it, "and thf, thiefe of ihr, 'rr^.ps are enveloped in
+e^iToured garmcatfi.
+680
+
+
+and filled with prey his holes, and his dens
+with what he had torn.
+
+14 Behold, I will be against thee, saitfi
+the Lord of hosts, and I will burn into
+smoke thy' chariots, and thy young lions
+shall the sword devour: and I will cut off
+from the earth thy preying, and no more
+shall be heard the voice of thy messengers.
+
+CHAPTER in.
+
+1 ][ Wo to the city of blood ! it is all full
+of lies and robbery; never ceaseth the prey-
+mo* •
+
+2 The noise of a whip, and the noise of
+the rattling of wheels, and of prancing horses,
+and of the skipping chariots.
+
+o Horsemen mount, and there are the
+flaming sword and the glittering sjjear: and
+there is a multitude of slain, and heaps of
+carcasses; and without end are the corpses;
+they stumble on their corpses ;
+
+4 Because of the multitude of the lewd
+deeds of the harlot, that is rich in graceful-
+ness, the mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth
+nations through her lewd deeds, and families
+through her witchcrafts.
+
+5 Behold, I will be against thee, saith the
+Lord of hosts ; and I will lay thy skirts open
+over thy face, and I will let nations see thy
+nakedness, and kingdoms thy shame.
+
+6 And I will cast abominable filth upon
+thee, and defile thee, and will render thee a
+dirt-heap."
+
+7 And it shall come to pass, that all they
+that see thee shall flee from thee, and say,
+Laid waste is Nineveh : who will condole
+with her? whence shall I seek comforters for
+thee?
+
+8 Art thou better than No-amon, that was
+situated on the rivers, that had water I'ound
+about her, the rampart of which was the ^*ea,''
+and the walls of which rose out of the sea?
+
+
+^ This verse is given after Rashi; but Redak takes
+3Xni to stand by itself, as meaning, "the palace that stood
+in prosperity so many years is destroyed;" and Philipp-
+son, "And though he ( /. e. the king) placed himself (in
+battle), she (Nineveh) is carried away into exile," &e.
+
+'■ Johlson and others. Jonathan, "sweep it of all pre-
+cious vessels."
+
+' Lit. "her;" but the change of persons, as from tb?
+second to the third, is very fre(|uent in the Bible.
+
+* Philippson, "a spectacle."
+
+'' Philippson, "river," /. r. the Nile; so also Isa. xi
+lb ; xix. 5,
+
+
+HABAKKUK I.
+
+
+9 Ethiopia the mimerous," and Egypt that
+jvas without end, Put and Lubim were thy
+helper^;.
+
+10 Yet also she was exiled, was carried
+away into captivity; also her young children
+were dashed in pieces at the corners of all
+streets; and for her honourable men they
+cast lots, and all her great ones were bound
+with chains.
+
+11 Thou also shalt be made drunken,
+thou shalt be hidden from view: thou also
+shult seek refuge because of the enemy.
+
+12 All thy strong-holds shall be like fig-
+trees with the first--ripe figs, which, if they
+l)e shaken, will fall into the mouth of the
+eater.
+
+13 Behold, thy people ai-e become Avomen
+in the midst of thee: unto thy enemies are
+the gates of thy land set wide open; the fire
+hath devoured thy bars.
+
+14 Water for the siege draAV for thyself,
+fortify thy strong-holds : go into the clay,
+and tread the mortar, make strong the brick-
+kiln.
+
+
+15 There shall the tire devour thee; the
+sword shall cut thee oft', it shall devour thee
+up like the cankerworm : (though) thou
+make" thyself many as the cankerworm;
+make thyself many as the locusts.
+
+16 (Though) thou hadst multiplied thy
+merchants more than the stars of heaven:
+the cankerworm spreadeth itself out, and
+flieth away.
+
+17 Thy crowned ones are like the locusts,
+and thy leaders like the swarms of locusts,
+which camp in the hedges on a cold day,
+but when the sun ariseth they flee away,
+and their place is not known where they
+are.
+
+18 Thy shepherds slumber, 0 king of As-
+syria; thy valiant men are at rest : scattered
+are thy people upon the mountains, and there
+is none that gathereth them.
+
+19 There is no healing for thy breach;
+fatal is thy wound : all that hear the report
+of thee will clap their hands over thee ; for
+over whom did not thy wickedness pass con-
+tinually ?
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF HABAKKUK,
+
+
+pipnn nNi3J-
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The prophecy which Habakkuk" the
+prophet foresaw.
+
+2 How long, 0 Lord, have I entreated
+(thee), and thou wouldst not hear? (how long)
+shall I cry out unto thee (because of) vio-
+lence, and thou wilt not save?
+
+3 Why wilt thou let me see wickedness,
+and wilt look on trouble, and the roljbery
+and violence (that are) before me : while"
+there is strife, and contention lifteth up (its
+head)?
+
+
+4 Therefore is the law powerless, and
+justice Cometh not forth victorious; for the
+wicked encompasseth about the righteous;
+therefore doth justice come forth perverted.
+
+5 Look ye about among the nations, and
+behold and be astonished and astounded; for
+(God) will fulfil a work in your days, ye
+would not l)elieve it, if it were only told you.
+
+6 For. lo. I will raise up the Chaldeans,
+that l:)itter and impetuous nation, that march
+to the wide spaces of the earth to conquer
+dwelling-places that are not theirs.
+
+7 Terrible and dreadful are they: from
+
+
+° Zunz. Rashi, "Cush that was her strength." No-! " ProTperly, Chabakkuk.
+aman is addressed in this verse. ! " Zuiiz; but Rashi, "while the wicked who exciteth
+
+" Rashi, '-it shall sweep thee off like the cankerworm, i! strife and contention is allowed to exist and prosper;" so
+it shall sweep thee off like the loeu.sts." 1 also Jonathan: but it is a forced construction.
+
+
+HABAKKUK 1. II.
+
+
+tLemselves" go forth their judicial laws and
+their dignity.
+
+8 And swifter than leopards are their
+horses, and fiercer than the evening wolves;
+and their horsemen spread themselves abroad :
+and their horsemen will come from afar ;
+they will Qy like the eagle hasteniui; to eat.
+
+9 They all will come for violence: the
+front'' of their faces is like the east wind,
+and they gather captives as the sand.
+
+10 And they will make sport with kings,
+and princes Avill l)e a play unto them: at
+every strong-hold will they laugh, and they
+Avill cast up earth-mounds and capture it.
+
+11 Then'' doth their spirit become arrogant,
+and they are surpassingly proud, and offend,
+(imputing) this their power unto their god.
+
+12 Art thou not from everlasting, 0 Lord
+my God, my Holy One ? we shall not die.
+0 Lord, thou hast ordained them for judg-
+ment ; and, 0 Protector,'' thou hast apjjointed
+them to correct (nations).
+
+18 Thou, who art too pure of eyes to behold
+evil, and canst not look on trouble, wherefore
+wilt thou look upon those that deal treache-
+rously, be silent when the wicked swallow-
+eth up him that is more righteous than he ?
+
+14 And (why) makest thou men' as the
+fishes of the sea, as the creeping things, that
+have no ruler over them?
+
+15 All of them he*^ bringeth up with the
+angle, he draggeth them up in his net, and
+gathereth them in his drag: therefore he re-
+joiceth and is glad.
+
+16 Therefore he sacrificeth unto his net,
+and burnetii^ incense unto his drag; because;;
+through them is his portion fat, and his food
+marrowy.
+
+' i. e. They act in judicial matters without regard to
+right, only according to their will. So Jonathan; but
+Rashi, " they have judges and kings who impose their
+burdep and fear on all."
+
+'' Jonathan. Rashi, " the snorting of their faces is
+like that of the east wind." Zunz, "their faces snort
+eastward." Philippson, "the raging of their faces is
+turned forward."
+
+" This verse is given after Rashi and Redak, taking
+13;?'l as "passing" — the bounds, here, in pride or as-
+sumption. Philippson, h(jwevcr, "They pass (into the
+conquered city), and it is wasted; and this their power is
+their god." Zunz, "then move they along as a storm,
+and it is passed, and thus is (all) wasted, (imputing)," &c.
+
+"Heb. "Rock."
+
+* Rashi comments, "before this wicked one free as the
+fishes of the sea, whom every one than pleascth may catch."
+688
+
+
+17 Shall he therefore (always) empty his
+net, and continually slay nations without
+
+
+sparmg ;
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+1 Tl Upon my watch will I stand, and
+place myself upon the tower,'' and will watch
+to see what he will speak with me, and whii.t
+I shall answer to my reproof'
+
+2 And the Lord answered me, and said,
+Write down the vision, and make it plain
+upon the tables, that every one may read it
+fluently.
+
+3 For there is yet a vision for the appoint-
+ed time, and it speaketh of the end, and [-.
+will not deceive: though it tarry, w;Ml for it;
+because it will surely come, it will not be de-
+layed.
+
+4 Behold, disturbed,'' not at vest is the soul
+of (the wicked) in him; but the righteous
+ever liveth in his (trustful) il-xih.
+
+5 And though the wine-(drutiken) traitor,
+the proud man,' whose house wiil not .stand,
+who enlargeth his desire as the .OT.tvc, and
+is like death, which cannot be satisfied,- —
+though he gather unto him all the nations,
+and assemble unto him all the people :
+
+6 Will not all these take up a parable
+against him, and a proverb and a satire
+concerning him? and they will say. Wo to hiiu
+that increaseth what is not his! for how
+long? and to him that loadeth himself wI+L
+a burden of guilt !""
+
+7 Behold, suddenly will ri.se up those thai
+afflict" thee, and awake those that plague
+thee, and thou shalt become a booty unto
+them.
+
+8 Because thou hast despoiled many na-
+
+' Each one of the wicked. Eng. ver. " they," referring
+to the Chaldeans as a nation.
+
+^ Philippson takes this figuratively, as meaning that
+thej- deify their own power, not the weapons themselves.
+
+■■ Lit. "fortress."
+
+' Aben Ezra, "to him who reproveth me." Reilak
+adds, "for I am not alone perplexed in this matter."
+
+'' After Rashi. nSiJ^r from hsy, "a hill," the opposite
+from "ny "level;" hence, figurative, "disturbed — i:|uiet;"
+the righteous is always inward, as it were, on a level,
+while the wicked has constant internal difiiculties to over-
+come. Zunz, "Behold, presumptuous is the soul of
+him who hath no pleasure in God."
+
+' Meaning the king of the Chnldeans.
+
+^ Rashi, deriving it from 3;' "thick mass," and o'O
+"clay." Others, from a2y "a pledge for debt."
+
+" Lit, "that bite thee " Others, "thy creditors."
+
+
+HABAKKUK II. III.
+
+
+his image trusteth therein, while making
+dumb idols?
+
+19 ^ Wo unto him that saith to the wood.
+Awake! Rouse up to the dumb stone. Shall
+this teach? IJeliold, it is overlaid with gold
+and silver, and no breath whatever is in its
+bosom.
+
+20 i)ut the Lord is in his holy temple: be
+silent before him all the earth.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 Tl A prayer of Ilabakkuk the prophet
+upon Shigyonoth.
+
+2 () Lord, I have heard thy fame, (and) was
+^ afraid : 0 Lord, thy work — in the midst of
+ithe years (of sorrow)" revive thou it, in the
+midst of the years make it known; in wrath
+
+remember mercy.
+
+I o (When) God from Themau came, and
+the Holy One from mount Paran, Selah :
+his glory covered the heavens, and of his
+pi-aise" the earth was full.
+
+4 And (his) briglitness was like the sini-
+light; rays streained forth out of his hand
+unto them: and there" was the hiding of his
+power.
+
+5 Before him went the pestilence, and
+burning coals went forth in liis steps.'
+
+6 He stood forward, and made the earth
+trendjle; he loiiked, and dispersed nations;
+and there burst asunder the everlasting
+mountains; there sunk the perpetual hills:
+the ways' of the w^orld are his.
+
+7 In atUiction^ I. saw the tents of Cushan:
+they trendjled — the curtains of the land of
+Midiau.
+
+8 Tl Was the Lord wroth against the
+rivers? yea, was against the rivers thy anger
+
+tlie town, and all that dwell therein. (kindled)? was against the sea thy wratli
+
+18 What profiteth the graven image tliat \ that thou rodest upon thy horses, thy cha-
+its maker hath graven it? the molten imaue. riots of victory?
+
+
+tions, therefore will all the remnant of the
+people despoil thee; because of the blood of
+men. and the violence against the land, the
+town, and all that dwell therein.
+
+9 T[ Wo to him that obtaineth an evil
+gain for his house, that he may set his nest
+on high, that he may be delivered from the
+grasp of the wicked !
+
+10 Thou hast coun.selled shame to thy
+house, by cutting off many people, and sin-
+ning (against) thy soul.
+
+11 For the stone will cr}- out of the wall,
+and the beam out of the wood (-work) will
+answer it.
+
+12 T[ Wo to him that buildeth a city with
+blood-guiltiness, and layeth the foundation of
+a town by wrong-doing.
+
+13 Behold, is it not from the Lord of hosts
+that people shall labour for the very fire,
+and nations shall weary themselves for
+naught but vanity?
+
+14 For the earth shall be filled with know-
+ledge of the glory of the Lord, as the waters
+cover the sea. ^
+
+15 ][ Wo unto him that maketh his neigh-
+bours drink, (to thee) that pourest out thy
+poisonous (wine), and makest them also
+drunken, in order to look on their naked-
+ness !
+
+16 Thou art filled with shame instead of
+glory; drink thou also, and let thy naked-
+ness be uncovered: there shall be turned
+around unto thee the cup of the Lord'.s right
+hand, and filthy spittle shall be on thy glory.
+
+17 For the violence against Lelianon shall
+cover thee, and the destruction of beasts,
+which he terrified away ;' because of the blood
+of men, and the vitilence against the land.
+
+
+and a teacher of falsehood? that tlie maker ol
+
+'Zunz; but Raslii, "the destruction of thy cattle
+(armies) that wasted my people Israel, this shall break
+them." Philippson, "and the destruction of its beasts
+shall disgrace (thee)."
+
+" Kashi. « Redak, "brightness."
+
+"Jonathan, "there was revealed his glory which had
+been hidden from the children of men in the height of
+heaven." Aben Ezra, "the hiding-place," i.e. the ark
+where the tables of the covenant were kept. Heidenheim,
+"This is the cover of his power."
+
+'Jonathan. Lit. "at his feet." Others render, "the
+fiery plague was in his train "
+
+\V.
+
+
+9 Laid" quite bare is thy bow, like se-
+
+
+' Rashi. Philippson, " tliis is his everlasting course."
+Zunz, "for him are paths from all eternity."
+
+^ Rashi, "In punishment for the wickedness of Israel
+have I seen the tents of Cushan; (See Judges iii. 8;)
+but when they repented, then trembled," &c.
+
+'' Rashi translates, '' Thy strength was fully revealed,
+because of the oaths thou hadst sworn to the tribes, a
+word that will stand forever;" taking niiJ^ty for "oaths,"
+moo 'tribes," and nSo (Selah) as '-eternity.". Heiden-
+heim and Johlson, boldly, "thy bow soattereth destruc-
+tion around— (rrv from -ii;' " to destroy," "to lay bare,")
+— destruction .sevenfold thy spenrs. by thy mighty com-
+
+tiS'J
+
+
+ZEPHANIAH I.
+
+
+vere rods of punishment (goeth forth) thy j rejoiced greatly as though they were to de-
+word, Selah : into rivers thou splittest the j vour the poor in secret.'
+earth. 1 15 (But) thou didst pass along over the
+
+10 The mountains saw thee, they trem- ! sea with thy horses, over the piled up billows
+bled; the flowing waters passed along: the of great waters.
+
+deep issued forth its voice, the heightMifted ' 16 I heard it, and my inmost parts trem-
+up its hands. bled; at the report my lips quivered; rot-
+
+11 The sun and moon stood still in their tenness entered into my boues, and I trem-
+dwelling: at the light of thy arrows they" j bled in my place, that I should rest till the
+walked along, at the shining of the flaming day of distress, till the withdrawing of the
+
+
+glitter of thy spear.
+
+12 la indignation thou marchest through
+the earth, in anger thou treadest down
+nations.
+
+13 Thou wentest forth to the assistance of
+tliy people, to the assistance of thy anointed:
+
+didst wound the head" out of the house
+
+
+people that will invade us with its troops
+
+17 For the fig-tree doth not bud. and no
+fruit is on the vines ; the productiveness* of
+the olive deceiveth, and the fields yield no
+food; from the fold the flocks are cut oft", and
+there are no herds in the stalls.
+
+18 Yet will I rejoice in the Lord, I will
+
+
+thou (
+
+of tlie wicked, destroy the foundation with j exult in the God of my salvation,
+the high-towering walls." Selah. '' 19 The Lord Eternal is my strength, and he
+
+1-1 Thou didst strike through with his maketh my feet fleet as those of the hinds,
+own spears the chiefs of his villages, Avho and he will cause me to tread upon my high
+rushed out furiously to scatter me ; who ' places. To the chief musician of my songs."
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF ZEPHANIAH,
+
+
+n^jQV nxiDj-
+
+
+CHAPTER L
+
+1 *|y The word of the Lord which came
+unto Zephanyah the son of Cushi, the son of
+Gedalyah, the son of Amaryah. the son of
+('liizkiyah, in the days of Josiah the son of
+Anion the king of Judah.
+
+2 I will remove,' utterly remove all things
+from oft' the fixce of the earth, saith the Lord.
+
+3 I will remove man and beast ; I will re-
+mand." We have f'ollowt'd Philippson as the simplest
+exposition of this passapje.
+
+" Rashi, who ooiimients, "the inhabitants of the earth
+praised him, the liosts of heaven thanked liim." Others
+translate, "and lifted up its hands on hijrh."
+
+^ Rashi, and refers it to Israel. Ileidenheim, to the
+sun and moon. Philippson, " thy arrows fly instead of
+light, instead of brightness is the lightning of thy spears.''
+
+° Zunz, 'thou didst crush the gable end from the
+house of the wicked, laying bare the foundation up to the
+ueck."
+
+690
+
+
+move the fowls of the heaven, and the fishes
+of the sea, and the stumbling blocks together
+with the wicked; and I will cut oft" man from
+oft" the face of the earth, saith the Lord.
+
+4 And I will stretch out my hand over
+Judah, and over all the inhabitants of Jeru-
+salem; and I will cut oft" the remnant' of
+Ba'al from this place, the name of his minis-
+ters with his priests ;
+
+5 And those that bow themselves down on
+
+
+" Rashi. Lit. "neck," or the highest points, towers,
+
+walls of a fortress.
+
+« Philippson, "the oppressed in their hiding-place."
+' After Rashi. Philippson, "till the oppressor goeth
+
+up against my people." Heidenheim.
+
+wait "((uietly for the day of distres
+
+prosperity to my enemies""
+
+^J "fortune."
+
+
+i?" takinc
+
+
+how could I
+which bringeth
+1J1U' as derived from
+« liit. "work."
+
+
+' Heidenheim. Philippson, "on Neijinoth," which
+like Sli 11/(11/0)1, is a name descriptive of psalmody.
+
+' Lit. "bring to un end," " Rashi, "the memory."
+
+
+ZEPHANIAH 1. II.
+
+
+tlie I'oois of houj^es to tlic host of heaven; and
+those that bow themselves down that are
+sworn (to be true)" to the Lord and still
+swear by Mallvoin;
+
+6 And those that are turned away from follow-
+ing the Lord; and those that have not sought
+for the Lord, and have not in(|uired of him.
+
+7 Be silent in the presence of the Loi'd
+Eternal; for nigh is the day of the Lord;
+for the Lord hath prepared a slaughter, he
+hath bidden" his invited guests.
+
+8 ][ And it shall come to pass on the day
+of the Lord's slaughter, that I will inflict
+punishment on tlie princes, and on the king's
+sons, and on all such as are clothed in gax'-
+ments of a foreign land."
+
+9 And I will inflict punishment on all
+those that leap over the threshold on that
+day,' who till the house of their master with
+violence and deceit.
+
+10 ^ And it shall come to pass on that
+day, saith the Lord, that there shall be a
+loud cry of lamentation from the fish-gate,
+and a wailing from the secondhand (that of)
+a oreat breach from the hills.
+
+o I
+
+11 Wail, ye inhabitants of the mortar- 1
+street,' for destroyed are all the tradingpeople ;
+cut ofi" are all that were laden with silver." j
+
+12 ^ And it shall come to pass at that!
+time, that I will search Jerusalem through
+Avith lights; and I will inflict punishment on
+the men that are at rest" on their lees, that
+say in their heart. The Lord will not do
+good, nor will he do evil.
+
+13 And their wealth shall become a booty,
+and their houses shall be made desolate ; and
+they will build houses, but they shall not in-
+habit them; and they will plant vineyards,
+but they shall not drink their wine.
+
+^ After Philippson, to distinguish between S D"i'3iyJ and
+3 "uato" and "by;" meauing-, they associate the worship
+of the Most High, which they had sworn to adhere to,
+(see 2 Kings xssii. 3,) with that of the idols of Phoeni-
+cians and 'Ammonites.
+
+'' Philippson, literally, ''sanctified;" but Clp "to sanc-
+tify," means in Hebrew, "to set aside for a particular
+purpose, for good or evil;" and in this sense it is fre-
+(jueutly used,^" sanctify a battle," '' sanctify guests," &c.
+
+' i. I'. Imitate with foreign dresses foreign fashions.
+Rashi. "with idol ornaments."
+
+"* Jonathan, "that follow the customs of the Philis-
+tines," (See 1 Sam. v. 5.) who at the same time, with
+those customs, oppressed the people.
+
+• Eaishi. Zunz, "the second city-quarter." Philipp-
+son, "the lower town."
+
+
+14 Nigh is the givat da\- of the Lord, it is
+nigh, and hasteneth greatly, (there is) th'_^
+noise of the day of the Lord: l)itterly crieth
+there the mighty man.
+
+15 A day of wrath is that day, a day (if
+distress and anxiety, a day of wasting' and
+desolation, a day of darkness and obscurity, a
+day of clouds and tempestuous gloom,
+
+IG A day of the cornet and alarm, against
+the fenced cities, and against the high battle-
+ments."
+
+17 And I will bring distress u])on men,
+that they shall walk about like the blind, Ix'-
+cause against the Lord have they sinned:
+and their blood shall be poured out like the
+dust, and their flesh' like the dung.
+
+18 Neither their silver nor their gold shall
+be able to deliver them on the day of the
+Lord's wrath; through the fire of whose zeal
+the whole land shall be devoured; for dr-
+struction, yea. quite sudden, will he prepare
+for all the inhabitants of the land.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ]| Gather yourselves together, yea, ga-
+ther together, O nation without desire (for
+repentance) ;""
+
+2 Before the decree is brought forth — like
+the chaft' the day passeth away" — before yet
+there be come over you the fierce anger oi"
+the Lord, before yet there be come over yon
+the day of the anger of the Lord.
+
+3 Seek ye the Lord, all ye meek of the
+earth, who have fulfilled his ordinances;
+seek righteousness, seek meekness: perhaps
+ye will be protected on the day of the Lord's
+anger.
+
+; 4 For Gazzah shall become forsaken, and
+Ashkelon a desolate place: Ashdod shall
+
+' Kashi, "the valley of Kidron, which is deep like a
+mortar."
+
+« (■. <>. The rich. Aben Ezra, "the money-changers."
+
+" Meaning, that are like wine which has never been
+drawn off into another vessel. D-N£3p " being stiff like
+ice," ' Rashi, Philippson '-terror and fright,"
+
+' Redak, "towers." Aben Ezra, -'hills,"
+
+' DinS is an Arabic word, signifying "flesh ;" so Rashi
+and Aben Ezra,
+
+"" Jonathan. Philippson. '-Search yourselves through,
+yea, search, thou nation without desire."
+
+" Zunz. taking these words as a parenthesis; but Jona-
+than considers them as an elliptical expression, "like the
+chaff that passeth off before the wind, and like the mist
+that evaporateth before the day." Johlson, -'an<l your
+
+day pass off like chaff."
+
+691
+
+
+ZEPHANIAH TI. III.
+
+
+they drive out at the noon of day, and 'Ekron
+shall be rooted up.
+
+5 ][ Wo unto the inhabitants of the dis-
+trict %• the sea, the nation of the Kerethites!
+the word of the Lord is against you, 0
+Canaan, the land of the Philistines, I will
+even destroy thee, that no inhabitant shall
+remain.
+
+6 And the district by the sea shall become
+]jlaces for pens oP shepherds, and folds for
+Hocks.
+
+7 And this district shall be for the rem-
+nant of the house of Judah; thereupon shall
+they feed their Hocks: in the houses of Ash-
+kelon shall they lie down in the evening; for
+the Lord their God will think of them, and
+bring back their captivity.
+
+8 I have heard the reproach of MoJib, and
+the revilings of the children of 'Ammon,
+wherewith they have reproached my people,
+and made themselves great against their
+border.
+
+9 Therefore as I live, saith the Lord of
+hosts, the God of Israel, Surely Moab shall
+Ijecome like Sodom, and the childrei> of 'Am-
+nion like Gomorrah, overgrown" with nettljes,
+and (filled with) saltpits, and a desolation
+to eternity : the residue of my people shall
+])hinder them, and the remnant of my nation
+shall possess them.
+
+10 This shall they have in recompense for
+their pride; because they have reproached and
+made themselves great against the people of
+the Lord of hosts.
+
+11 Terrible will the Lord (appear) over
+them; for he will cause to vanish all the gods
+of the earth ; and then shall prostrate them-
+selves before him, every one from its place,
+all the isles of the nations.
+
+12 Also ye Ethiopians shall be those slain
+by my sword.
+
+13 And he will stretch out his hand
+against the north, and destroy Assyria; and
+he will make Nineveh a desolate place, dry,
+like the wilderness.
+
+
+"■ Zunz. Rashi, "huts where shepherds prepare their
+raoruing's meals." (Compare 2 Kings vi. 2.3.) Philipp-
+son, "places for shepherds' wells." Redak, ''ditches
+made by the .shepherds to keep their flocks together."
+
+''Jonathan, who gives, '-left for nettles." Rashi,
+"rustling nettles." Philippson, "thorn-hedges."
+
+' Philippson, "all the troops of wild beasts."
+
+'' After Rabbi Joshua, "tjuoted by Aben Ezra. Rashi,
+" filthy."
+
+60i
+
+
+14 And there shall lie down m the midst
+of her flocks, all the beasts" of the nations;
+both the pelican and the hedgehog shall
+lodge in the capitals of her columns; singing-
+birds shall sing in the windows; ruin shall
+be on the thresholds; for the cedar wainscot-
+ing shall be torn away
+
+15 This is the joyful city that dwelt in
+security, that said in her heart, I am, and
+there is none else beside me: how is she be-
+come desolate, a resting-place for beasts!
+every one that passeth by her will liiss, and
+shake his hand.
+
+CHAPTER TIL
+
+1 ^ Wo to her that is rebellious" and pol-
+luted, to the oppressing city!
+
+2 She hearkened not to any voice ; she ac-
+cepted no correction ; in the Lord she did not
+trust ; to her God she drew not near.
+
+3 Her princes in her midst are roaring
+lions: her judges are evening wolves, they
+leave not a bone for the morning.'
+
+4 Her ^Ji'ophets are thoughtless, men of
+treachery : her priests have profaned the sanc-
+tuary, they have done violence to the law.
+
+5 The just Lord is in her midst, he will
+not do wrong: morning after morning doth
+he bring his justice to the light (of day), it
+never faileth; but the unjust knoweth no
+shame.
+
+6 I have cut off nations; destroyed are
+their battlements; I have laid in ruins their
+streets, so that none passeth through: their
+cities are wasted, without a man, without an
+inhabitant.
+
+7 I said, Surely thou wilt fear me, thou
+wilt accept correction; so that her dwelling
+should not be cut oft, all that I had decreed
+to bring over her;' but they rose up early,
+they acted^ corruptly in all their doings.
+
+8 Therefore wait" but for me, saith the
+Lord, for the day that I rise \x^ to the prey;'
+for my judgment (cometli) to gather the na-
+tions, for me to assemble the kingdoms, to
+
+
+' Rashi. Aben Ezra, ''like evening wolves who have
+broken no bones in the morning, and are therefore hun-
+gry at evening;" so greedy for bribes are the judges.
+
+' Rashi. I'hilippson takes S^ as SziZ. and translates,
+"all just as I had ordained for her."
+
+* /. f. The people of the city — Jerusalem.
+
+'' Meaning, the wicked doubt the Lord's retribution ;
+but it will come, though delayed by his mercy.
+
+' Jonathan, "that 1 will reveal myself to judge. '
+
+
+ZEPHANIAH m.
+
+
+pour o\er them my indignation, all the fierce-
+ness of my anger; for through the fire of my
+jealousy shall all the earth he devoured.
+
+0 Yea then will I change unto the people
+a pure language," that they may all call on
+the name of the Lord, to serve him with one
+accord.
+
+10 From beyond the rivers of Cush shall
+the_y bring my suppliants, even the assembly*"
+of my dispersed, as an offering unto me.
+
+11 On that day shalt thou not be ashamed
+because of all thy doinc;s, wherebv thou hast
+transgressed against me; for then will I re-
+move out of the mid.st of thee those that
+i-ejoice in thy pride, and thou shalt never
+more be haughty again on my lioly mount.
+
+12 And I will leave remaining in the
+midst of thee an humble and poor people,
+and they shall tr\ist in the name of the
+Lord.
+
+13 The remnant of Israel shall not do in-
+justice, nor speak lies; and there shall not
+be found in their mouth a deceitful tongue;
+for they shall feed and lie down, with none
+to make them afraid.
+
+14 ^ Sing, 0 daughter of Zion; shout, 0
+Israel; rejoice and be glad with all thy heart,
+0 dauohter of Jerusalem !
+
+
+•' Zuuz, "Yea, then will I transform for the people
+th«ir lip into a pure one."
+
+'' After Ra.shi. (See also Isa. xviii. 7; Ixvi. 19.) n3,
+literally, "daaghter," stands frequently for "assem-
+bly," "the daughter of Zion," "the daughters of the
+Pliili-stines."
+
+" Kashi, "he will cover up thy old transgressions."
+
+' JohJson, only that ri'S;', referring to Jerusalem, is in
+tl.c third person, "her" is siven wifli "thee," tn amid
+
+
+lo The Lord hath removed thy punish-
+ment, he hath cleared away thy enemy : the
+king of Israel, the Lord, is in the midst of
+thee; thou shalt not .see evil any more.
+
+10 On that day shall it be said to Jerusa-
+lem, Fear thou not: (to) Zion, Let not thy
+hands become weak.
+
+17 The Lord thy God is in the midst of
+thee, the mighty one who will save; he will
+be glad over thee with rejoicing; he will l)e
+silenf in his love, he will exult over thee
+with song.
+
+18 Those that mourn far away from the
+festive assembly do I gather, those that M'ere
+separated from thee/' (that have borne) for
+thee the burden of reproach.
+
+I 19 Behold, I will deal (.severely) with all
+; that afflict thee at that time : and I will save
+[ her that halteth, and her that was driven off
+; will I gather; and I will render them a praise
+and a famous name on all the earth where
+they have been put to shame.
+
+20 At that time will I bring you back,
+even in the time that I gather you ; for I
+will make you for a name and for a praise
+among all people of the earth, when I bring
+back again your captives before ^-our eyes,
+saith the Lord.
+
+
+the change of persons which is so often found in the pro-
+I phets. Rashi, "those that kept themselves far from my
+festivals, who kept not sabbath and holy days, have I de-
+stroyed; they were of thy people, and for their guilt
+hadst thou a burden of rcprf>M.h." ]-'hilippson, "mourn-
+ers, far from the feast, do I reniuve from thee; they are
+no more in thee; to bear a burden for thy sake would
+be a shame," /. e. as no one will have to bear such any
+more,
+
+693
+
+
+THE PKOPHECY OF HAGGAI,
+
+
+'jn iiNUJ
+
+
+CnAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ In the second year of king Darius,*
+in the sixth nmnth, on the first day of the
+month, came the word of the Lord through
+means of Ilaggai'' the prophet unto Zerub-
+babel the son of Shealthiel, tlie governor'' of
+Jiidah,, and to Joshua the son of Jeliozadak,
+the high priest, sa3'ing,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, saying.
+This people have said, The time is not yet
+come, the time for the Lord's house to be
+bnilt.
+
+3 ][ And the word of the Lord came by 1
+means of Haggai the prophet, saying,
+
+4 Is it time for you, 0 ye, to dwell in your
+ceiled' houses, while this house lieth in ruins?
+
+5 Now therefore, thus hath said the Lord
+of hosts. Direct your heart unto your ways.
+
+6 Ye have sown much, and bring in little;
+yc eat, l)ut it doth not satisfy hunger; ye
+drink, but it doth not appease thii'st; ye
+clothe yourselves, but no one is warm; and
+he that earneth something earneth it for a
+bag with hiiles.'
+
+7
+Direct your heart to your Avays
+
+8 Go up to the mountain, and bring wood,
+and build the house: that I may take plea^
+sure in it, and be glorified, saitli the Lord.
+
+9 (Till now) ye looked for much, and, lo,
+it came to be little; and when ye brought it
+home, I blew' upon it. For what cause?
+saith the Lord of hosts. Because of my |
+house that lieth in ruins, while ye run every
+man unto his own house.
+
+10 Therefore do the heavens for your sake
+withhold the dew, and the earth withholdeth
+her products.
+
+" Darius is called iu Hebrew, Daryavesh, which Phi-
+lippsi.n supposi'S was in original Persian, Daryeiish, signi-
+fying '-royai," and that this king mentioned here was the
+one known as Darius Hystaspis, the fourth king of
+Pcr.siu, whose reign commenced about 522 or 521 before
+the common era.
+G94
+
+
+^[ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+
+
+11 And I called for a drought over the
+land, and over the mountains, and over the
+corn, and over the new wine, and over the
+oil, and over what the ground bringeth forth,
+and over men, and over cattle, and over all
+the labour of the hands.
+
+12 ^ Then hearkened Zerubbaliel the son
+of Shealthiel, and Joshua the son of Jehoza-
+dak, the high priest, with all the remnant of
+the people, imto the voice of the IvOrd their
+God, and to the words of Haggai the prophet,
+as the LuKD their Go<l had sent him, and the
+people were afraid of the Lord.
+
+13 ^ Then said IIa,u,Liai the messenger of
+the Lord by the Lord's message unto the
+people, saying, I am with you, saith the
+Lord.
+
+14 And the Lord stirred up the spirit of
+Zerubbabel the son of Shealthiel, the go-
+vernor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua
+the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and
+the spirit of all the remnant of the people,
+and they came and did work on the house of
+the Lord of hosts, their God,
+
+15 Tl On the four and twentieth day of the
+sixth month, in the second year of king Dar
+rius.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 In the seventh (month), on the one and
+twentieth day of the month, came the word
+of the Lord l)y means of Haggai the prophet,
+saying,
+
+2 Do say to Zerubbabel the son of Sheal-
+thiel, the governor of Judah, and to Joshua
+the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to
+the residue of the people, saying,
+
+3 Who is there yet left among you that
+hath seen this house in its first glory? and
+
+
+^ Properly, Vlmgr/ay.
+
+° Heb. Paclidlh, the pacha of modern times.
+'' Johlson and others, "wainscoted."
+' i. e. Nothing remains of such gains.
+' Rashi, "I made it rot." Others, "I blew it away.*
+It mciuis that the return w.is unafcountably small.
+
+
+HAGGAI II.
+
+
+how do ye see it now? is it not in comparison
+with it as nothing in your eyes?
+
+4 Yet now be strong, 0 Zerulibabel, saith
+the Lord, and be strong, 0 Joshua, the son of
+Jehozadak, the liigh priest, and be strong, all
+ye people of the land, saith the Lord, and
+do;" (for I am with you, saith the Lord of
+hosts,)
+
+5 (In accordance with) the word that I
+covenanted with you when ye came out of
+Egypt, so (will) my spirit remain among you :
+fear nought.
+
+6 ^ For thus hath said the Lord of hosts.
+Yet one thing n\ore (will T do),'' it is but little,
+when I will cause to (piake the heavens, and
+the earth, and the sea, and the dry land;
+
+7 And I will cause to quake all the na-
+tions, and the precious things of all the na-
+tions shall come {hither) : and I will fill this
+house with glory, saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+8 Mine is tlie silver, and mine is the gold,
+saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+9 Greater shall be the glory of this latter
+house than that of the former, saith the Lord
+of hosts : and in this place will I give peace,
+saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+10 ^ On the four and twentieth da}' of
+the ninth month, in the second year of Da-
+rius, came the word of the Lord by means of
+Haggai the prophet, saying,
+
+11 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, Do
+ask the priests concerning the law, saying,
+
+12 Lo! if one should carry holy tlesh in
+the corner of his garment, and touch with his
+corner bread, or pottage, or wine, or oil, or
+any food, shall it become holy? And the
+priests answered and said. No.
+
+13 Then said Hasgai, If one that is un-
+clean by a dead body should touch any of
+these, will it become unclean? And the
+priests answered and said, It will become
+unclean.
+
+14 Then answered Haggai, and said, So is
+
+' The object is continued in the next verse, ";init do —
+in accordance with the word," &c. So Ivashi, Aben
+Ezra. Others, "labour, for I am with you, &c , ac-
+cording to the word (of the covenant) which I made,"
+&c.
+
+"• So Redak; meaning, that in addition to the gmxl
+the Lord was then doing, he would do yet more, con-
+.siderinir it all but a little thinri;. Rashi. "ime more
+(kingdom) shall there be. (the Grecian,) which shall en-
+dure but a short time." Zunz, "in but a little while
+more." Some commentators refer the convulsion pre-
+
+
+this people, and so is this nation bciinc nie,
+saith the Lord; and so are all works of their
+hands; and what they oflt?r there' is unclean.
+
+15 And now direct, I pray you, your heart
+from this day and upward, before the time
+that a stone was laid upon a stone in the
+temple of the Lord :
+
+16 Since those'' da3s were, when one came
+to a heap of sheaves of twenty (in number),
+and there were Init ten; when one came to
+tile winepress for to draw off fifty measvu'es
+out of the vat, and there were but twenty.
+
+17 I smote you with blasting and witli
+mildew and with hail in all the labours ol'
+yoin- hands: yet ye (turned) not (back) to
+me, saith the Lord.
+
+18 Direct, I ])ray you, your heart from
+this day and upward, from the four and twen-
+tieth (lay of the ninth month, even from the
+day that the foundation of the Lord's temple
+was laid, direct your heart (to this).
+
+1!) Is the seed yet in the barn? yes, as
+yet the vine, and the fig-tree, and the pome-
+granate, and the olive-tree, have not brought
+forth; (liut) from this day will I bless you.
+
+20 ^ And the word of tlie Lord came the
+second time inito Haggai on the li)ur and
+twentieth day of the month, saying.
+
+21 S[)eak to Zerubbabel the governor of
+Judali, saying. I will cause to quake the
+heavens and the earth ;
+
+22 And I will overthrow the thron" of
+kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of
+the kingdoms of the nations ; and I will over-
+throw chariots, and those that ride in them;
+and the horses and their riders shall come
+down, every one h\ the sword of his bro-
+ther.
+
+23 On that day. saith the Lord of hosts,
+will I take thee, 0 Zerubbabel, the son of
+Sliealthiel, my servant, saith the Lord, and I
+will place thee as a signet ;■■ for of thee have
+I made choice, saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+
+dieted to the overthrow of the Persians by Ale.^andt r of
+JLicedon, and verse 9 they expound to refer to tlio
+greater interest manifested by the gentiles in the temple
+service than before.
+
+° i. e. At the altar. ''Redak, "before these things
+were."
+
+' I. e. On the finger. This prophecy is, an Aben Ezra
+observes, an encouragement to Zerubbabel not to be dis-
+mayed in the wars which the Persian monarchy waged in
+those days, as he should be preserved amidst all of them,
+as a signet-rina on a man's finger.
+
+695
+
+
+THE PROPHECY OF ZECHARIAH.
+
+
+rT''):^^ nNMDj.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 T[ In the eighth month, in the second
+year of Darius, came the word of the Lord
+unto Zechiiriah," the son of Berechyah, the son
+of 'Iddo the prophet, saying,
+
+2 The Lord hath been greatly angry with
+your fathers.
+
+3 And (now) say thou unto them. Thus
+hath said the Lord *of hosts, Return ye unto
+me, saith the Lord of liosts, and I will return
+unto you: so hath said the Lord of hosts.
+
+4 Be ye not like your fathers, unto whom
+the former prophets proclaimed, saying. Thus
+hath said the Lord of hosts, Do return from
+your evil ways, and your evil doings; but
+they did not hear, nor listen unto me, saith
+the Lord.
+
+5 Your fathers, — where are they? and the
+prophets, — could they live for ever?
+
+6 But my words and my deci'ees, which I
+commanded my servants the prophets, be-
+hold, they did overtake your fixthers: and
+(then) they returned and said, Just as the
+Lord of hosts had purposed to do unto us, in
+accordance with our ways, and in accordance
+with our doings, so hath he dealt with us.
+
+7 ^ On the four and twentietli day of the
+eleventh month, which is the month Shebat,''
+in the second year of Darius, came the word
+of the Lord unto Zechariah, tlie son of Be-
+rechyahu, the son of 'Iddo the prophet, say-
+ing,
+
+8 I saw this night, and behold there was
+
+
+* Pronounced Zecharyah. Rashi observes, that the
+prophecy of Zechariah is extremely obscure, and that, with
+the light he had then, it was not practicable to give a
+full elucidation of all the difficulties which it presents.
+The same may still be urged at the present day.
+
+'' This is the first time that we find the Chaldean names
+of the moiiths, which the Jews brought back from Baby-
+lon. In the older Scriptures the months have either
+other names, or are designated as the first, second, &c. I
+
+° Zunz. Others, "sprinkled." Rashi says, he knowsj
+not what colour is meant. Philippson quotes an opinion,!
+that it is a reddish colour, paler than "red." '
+
+
+I a man riding upon a red horse, and he was
+! standing among the myrtle-trees that were
+
+in the deep valley; and behind him were
+
+red, pale," and white horses.
+
+9 And I said, What are these, 0 my lord?
+Then said unto me the angel that spoke with
+me, T will show thee what these are.
+
+10 And the man that stood among the
+myrtle-trees answered and said, These are
+those whom tiie Lord hath sent to traverse
+the earth.
+
+11 And they answered the angel of the
+Lord that* stood among the myrtle-treas, and
+said. We have traversed the earth, and, be-
+iiold, all the eai'th is inhabited quietly, and
+is at rest.'
+
+12 Then commenced the angel of the
+Lord, and said, () Lord of hosts, how lon«;
+yet wilt thou not liave mercy on Jerusalem
+and on the cities of Judah, against which
+thou hast been indignant these seventy
+years ?'
+
+IS And the Lord answered the angel that
+spoke \vith ute with good -words and comfort-
+ing words.
+
+14 And the angel that spoke with me said
+unto me, Proclaim thou, saying, Thus hath
+said tlie Lord of hosts, I am jealous^ for Jeru-
+salem and lor Ziou with a great jealousy.
+
+15 And with a great anger will I be angry
+with the nations that are at ease; for I was
+but a little angry (with Zion), and they
+helped forward the mischief
+
+IG iy Therefore thus hath said the Lord, I
+
+'' Philippson, " And they that halted among the myrtles
+answered the angel of the Lord and said."
+
+" The Persian empire, and the other nations connected
+with Judea, enjoyed peace at that time; but the state of
+the Jews was unsettled, which gave occasion to the fol-
+lowing intercession.
+
+' This period, from the first captivity in the fourth
+year of Jehoyakim, expired when Cyrus issued his edict;
+but it was almost seventy years from the destruction of
+the city and temple, and just that period from the time
+that Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem.
+
+' Jonathan, "I will esecnte punishment for," &c.
+
+
+1SA.1A.H. THI£ fKUPHET.
+
+
+ZECHARIAH I.— III.
+
+
+am returned to Jerusalem in mercy: my
+house shall be rebuilt in it, saith the Lord of
+hosts, and the measuring-line shall be stretch-
+ed forth over Jerusalem.
+
+17 Proclaim yet (farther), saying, Tiius
+hath said the Lord of hosts. My cities shall
+again overflow" with prosperity : and the Lord
+will again comfort Zion, and make choice
+again of Jerusalem.
+
+CHAPTER II."
+
+1 T[ And I lifted up my eyes, and saw,
+and behold, there were four horns.
+
+2 And I said unto the angel who spoke
+with me, What are these? And he said unto
+me, These are the horns" that have dispersed
+Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.
+
+3 \\ And the Lord showed me four car-
+penters.*
+
+4 Then said I, What are these coming to
+do? And he said as followeth. These are
+the horns that have dispersed Judah, to the
+extent thaf no man could lift up his head;
+but these are come to terrify them, to cast off
+the horns of the nations, that have been
+lifting up their horn over the land of Judah
+to disperse it.
+
+5 ][ And I lifted up my eyes, and looked,
+and behold, there was a man with a measure-
+cord in his hand.
+
+6 Then said I, Whither art thou going?
+And he said unto me. To measure Jerusalem,
+to see what is her breadth, and what is }>er
+length.
+
+7 And, behold, the angel that spoke with
+me went out, and another angel came out to
+meet him;
+
+8 And he said unto him, Run, speak to
+this young man, saying, Without walls" shall
+Jerusalem be inhabited because of the multi-
+tude of men and cattle in her midst.
+
+9 But I — I will be unto her, saith the
+Lord, a wall of fire round about, and for
+glory will I be in the midst of her.
+
+10 ^ Up! up! and flee away from the
+land of the north, saith the Lord; for as the
+
+' Aben Ezra, "shall be extended on all sides."
+
+^ In the English version, chap. ii. commences at ver. 5.
+
+' Rasbi, "These are the nations in the four cca-ners of
+
+the world that have butted with their horns Judah and
+
+Jerusalem till they have dispersed them."
+
+* Zunz, "smiths."
+
+• mna "country places," "open towns," hence, ad-
+verbially, "without walls."
+
+4 N
+
+
+four winds of the heaven have I spread you
+abroad, saith the Lord.
+
+11 Up, Zion, escape, thou that dwellest
+with the daughter of IBabylon.
+
+12 ][ For thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+For the sake of (your) glory hath he sent me
+unto the nations that have despoiled you; for
+whoever toucheth you, toucheth the apple of
+his eye.
+
+13 For, behold, I will swing my hand
+over them, and they shall be a spoil to those
+that served them : and ye shall acknowledge
+that the Lord of hosts hath sent me.
+
+14 ^ Sing, and rejoice, 0 daughter of Zion ;
+for, lo, I am coming, and I will dwell in the
+midst of thee, saith the Lord.
+
+15 And many nations will join themselves
+to the Lord on that day, and they shall be
+unto me for a people: and I will dwell in the
+midst of thee, and thou shalt know that the
+Lord of hosts hath sent me unto thee.
+
+16 And the Lord will take Judah as his
+inheritance upon the holy land; and he will
+again make choice of Jerusalem.
+
+17 Be silent, all flesh! before the Lord;
+for he is waked up out of his holy habitation.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ]| And he showed me Joshua' the high
+priest standing before the angel of the Lord,
+and the accuser standing at his right hand to
+accuse him.
+
+2 And the Lord said unto the accuser,
+The Lord rebuke thee, 0 Accuser; yea, the
+Lord rebuke thee that hath chosen Jerusa-
+lem : is not this a brand plucked out of the
+fire?
+
+3 Now Joshua was clothed with filthy gar-
+ments, and was standing before the angel.
+
+4 And he commenced and said unto those
+that stood before him, saying, Take away
+the filthy garments from him. And he said
+unto him. Behold, I have caused thy iniquity
+to pass from off thee, and I clothe tliee with
+festive garments.
+
+5 And I said. Let them place a clean mitre
+
+
+' Philippson supposes that the prophet meant to indi-
+cate the pui'ification of the high-priest as the representa-
+tive of the whole people. "Filthy garments" were worn
+by persons criminally accused, and their friends, before
+trial, to excite sympathy, till he was acquitted, when they
+all dressed in white. As the priest is represented as ab-
+solved so is also an accuser introduced as conducting the
+charges of which he is declared released.
+
+C'J7
+
+
+ZECHARIAH III. IV. V.
+
+
+upon his bead. So they placed tlie clean
+mitre upon his head, and clothed him with
+garments; and the angel of the Lord stood by.
+
+6 And the angel of the Lord forewarned
+Joshua, saying,
+
+7 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts. If
+thou wilt walk in my wa^-s, and if thou wilt
+keep my charge, then shalt thou also judge
+mv house, and shalt also keep my courts: and
+I will give thee places" to walk among these
+that stand by.
+
+8 Do but hear, 0 Joshua the high priest,
+thou, and thy fellows that sit before thee; for
+distinguished men are they; for, behold, I
+will bring my servant Zemach [the Sprout].
+
+9 For behold (here is) the stone that I
+have laid before Joshua; upon one stone
+shall be seven eyes : behold, I will engrave
+thereon its inscription, saith the Lord- of
+hosts, And*" I will remove the iniquity of
+that land in one day.
+
+10 On that day, saith the Lord of hasts,
+shall ye call every man his neighbour under
+the vine and under the fig-tree.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 And the angel that spoke with me came
+back again, and waked me up, as a man
+that is wakened up out of his sleep ;
+
+2 And he said unto me. What art thou
+seeing? And I said, I have looked, and be-
+hold, there is a candlestick all of gold, with a
+bowl upon its top, and its seven lamps are
+thereupon, and seven pipes to the seven lamps,
+which are upon its top:
+
+3 And two olive-trees are by it, one upon
+the right side of the bowl, and the other upon
+the left side thereof
+
+4 And I commenced and said unto the
+angel that spoke with me, saying, What are
+these, my lord?
+
+5 Then the angel that spoke with me an-
+swered and said unto me, Knowest thou not
+what these are? And I said, No, my lord.
+
+" Philippson, "leaders from those standing here."
+
+"■ These are the words of the inscription.
+
+° The key-stone of an arch, or the one placed on the
+top of a building the last, to complete it. Zcrubbabel is
+promised that he should see the completion of the temple.
+
+■^ llashi, after Jouatlian, "seven rows (of stones) upon
+the first in the foundation;" but Aben Ezra, Redak, and
+others take "the seven" to be the seven eyes spoken of
+iii. 9, and explained in this verse to be the eyes of God.
+Pliilippson renders this verse so; "For who will despise
+
+
+6 Then answered he and spoke unto me,
+saying. This is the word of the Lord unto
+Zerubbabel, saying, Not by might, nor by
+power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of
+hosts.
+
+7 Who art thou, 0 great mountain? before
+Zerubbabel thou wilt become a plain : and he
+shall bring forth the headstone" with shouts
+ingsof, Grace, grace unto it.
+
+8 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+9 The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the
+foundation of this house, and his hands shall
+complete it: and thou shalt know that the
+Lord of hosts hath sent me unto you.
+
+10 For wiioever even despised the day of
+(its) small beginning: yet will they rejoice
+when they see the plummet in the hand of
+Zerubbabel, with those seven;'* they are the
+eyes of the Lord, which hold a survey
+through all the earth.
+
+11 And 1 began, and said unto him. What
+are these two olive-trees upon the right side
+of the candlestick and upon its left ?
+
+12 And I began a .second time, and said
+unto him. What are these two olive-branches,"
+which are close by the two golden pipes
+which empty out of themselves the gold-
+coloured oil?
+
+13 And he said to me as followeth, Know-
+est thou not what these things are? And I
+said. No, my lord.
+
+14 Then said he, These are the two sons
+of the clear oil,^ that stand by the Lord of
+the whole earth.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ And I again lifted up my eyes, and
+looked, and behold there was a flying roli
+(-book).
+
+2 And he said unto me, What seest thou?
+And I answered, I see a flying roll, its length
+is twenty cubits, and its breadth ten cubits.
+
+3 Then said he unto me, This is the curse
+
+
+the drty when this was commenced in a small way? Truly
+those seven, the eyes of the Lord, which roam over all
+the earth, will see rejoicingly the plummet in the hapi-'
+of Zerubbabel."
+
+• Lit. "olive-ears," meaning, the olive-branch, around
+which the berries are clustered, like the grains of wheat
+in a wheat-ear.
+
+' /. e. Those anointed. llashi adds, "the horn of
+priesthood and royally, in both of which anointing waa
+used, which ask of God to restore their greatnes.s."
+
+
+ZECHARIAH V. VI.
+
+
+that goeth forth over the face of all the
+earth ; for every one that stealeth as it is on
+this side shall he in an equal degree entirely
+destroyed," as also every one that sweareth
+(falsely) as it is on that side shall he likewise
+entirely destroyed.
+
+4 I bi'ing it forth, saith the Lord of hosts,
+and it shall enter into the house of the thief,
+and into the house of him that sweareth
+falsely by ray name : and it shall remain in
+the midst of his house, and shall consume it
+with its timber and its stones.
+
+5 Then went forth the angel that spoke
+Avith me, and said unto me. Do but lift up
+thv eves, and see what is this that goeth
+forth. ■
+
+6 And I said. What is it? And he said.
+This is an ephah that goeth forth. He said
+moreover, This is their appearance through
+all the earth.
+
+7 And, behold, there was lifted up a heavy
+(cover) of lead: and there was a certain
+woman sitting in the midst of the ephah.
+
+8 And he said, This is the wickedness.
+And he cast her into the midst of the ephah ;
+and he cast the weighty lead cover upon the
+mouth thereof
+
+9 Then did I lift up my eyes, and looked,
+and, behold, there came out two women,
+having the wind in their wings, and they had
+wings like the wings of a stork : and they
+lifted up the ephah between the earth and
+the heaven.
+
+10 Then said I to the angel that spoke
+with me, Whither are these bearing away
+the ephah?
+
+11 And he said unto me, To build for it a
+house in the land of Shin'ar: and when this
+is erected, then will the other be set there
+upon its own base.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 And I again lifted up my eyes, and
+looked, and behold, there came out four'' cha^
+riots from between two mountains; and the
+mountains were mountains of copjjer.
+
+• Rashi, " Up to this time, whoever fjtole was not affected
+by the punishment stated here" — '•but now, .as their
+measure of sin is complete — I will bring it forth," &c.
+
+'' These are supposed to represent the Chaldean, Per-
+sian, Macedonian, and Roman kingdoms, which in turn
+held sway over Judea.
+
+"Others, "winds." Redak, "These are going to the
+fijur iliroetions (winds) of heaven."
+
+
+2 In the first chariot were red horses ; and
+in the second chariot, black horses;
+
+3 And in the third chariot, white horses;
+and in the fourth chariot, grizzled, ash-colour-
+ed horses.
+
+4 And I began and said unto the angel
+that spoke with me, What are these, my lord ?
+
+5 And the angel answered and said unto
+me. These are the four spirits'' of the heavens,
+which go forth after having stood before the
+Lord of all the earth.
+
+6 The (chariot) on which are black horses
+— these go forth into the north country ; and
+the white go forth after them; and the griz-
+zled go forth toward the south country.
+
+7 And the red-coloured'* were gone forth,
+and sought to traverse the earth: and he
+said. Go, traverse the earth. So they tra-
+versed tha eartli.
+
+8 Then cried he loudly unto me, and spoke
+unto me, saying, Behold, these that are go-
+ing toward the north country have quieted
+(the indignation of) my spirit in the north
+country.
+
+9 ^ And the word of the Lord came unto
+me, saying,
+
+10 Take from the exiles, from Cheldai,
+from Tobiyahu. and from Yeda'yah, and thou
+shalt come on the same day, and go into
+the house of Josiah the son of Zephanyah.
+whither" they have arrived from Babylon;
+
+11 Take also silver and gold, and make
+crowns, and set them upon the head of Jo-
+shua, the son of Jehozadak the high priest ;
+
+12 And thou shalt say unto him as fol-
+loweth, Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+saying, Behold a man, Sprout is his name;
+since^ out of his own place shall he sprout
+up, even he shall build the temple of the
+Lord:
+
+13 Yea, he shall build the temple of the
+Lord; and he shall bear the glory, and shall
+sit and rule upon his throne ; and a prie.st
+shall be upon his own throne; and the
+counsel of peace shall be between both of
+them.
+
+■* Aben Ezra, who takes □•V2N in this verse as different
+turn that in ver. 3, and as identical with D'DlX in ver. 2.
+
+' After Johlson.
+
+' Aben Ezra. Rashi renders, "from the royal seed."
+Johlson, "for under him shall it sprout up." Philipp-
+son remarks that the building here spoken of means only
+the finishing of the temple, and translates, -'under whom
+it shall prosper," /. e. flie building.
+
+C99
+
+
+ZECHARIAH VI. VII. VIII.
+
+
+14 And the crowns shall be for Chelem,
+and for Tobijali, and for Yeda'yah, and for
+Chen the son of Zephanyah, as a memorial
+in the temple of the Lord.
+
+15 And distant ones shall come and build
+on the temple of the Lord, and ye shall know
+that the Lord of hosts hath sent me unto
+you. And this shall come to pass, if ye will
+diligently hearken to the voice of the Lord
+your God.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ][ And it came to pass in tlie fourth
+year of king Darius, that the word of the
+Lord came unto Zechariah on the fourth day
+of tlie ninth month, in Kislev ;
+
+2 When they had sent unto Beth-e?
+Sherezer and Eegem-melech, and his men, to
+make entreaty before the Lord,
+
+3 (And) to say unto the priests who were
+in the house of the Lord of hosts, and to the
+prophets, saying, Shall I weep in the fifth
+month with abstinence, as I have done al-
+ready these many years?
+
+4 ]| Then came the word of the Lord of
+hosts unto me, saying,
+
+5 Say unto all the people f)f the land, and
+to the priests, as followeth, When ye fasted
+and mourned in the fifth and in the seventh
+(month), already these seventy years, did ye
+in anywise fast for me, yea, for me?
+
+6 And if ye do eat, and if ye do drink, are
+ye not yourselves those that eat, and your-
+selves those that drink?
+
+7 Are'' not these the words which the
+Lord hath proclaimed by means of the former
+pr<jphets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and
+in prosperity, with her cities round about her,
+when (men) inhabited the south, and the
+lowlands?
+
+8 T[ And the word of the Lord came unto
+Zechariah, saying,
+
+9 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, say-
+ing, Execute true justice, and show kindness
+iind mercy every man to his brother;
+
+10 And defraud not the widow, or the
+
+
+° Jonath;in. Others render, "house of uod;" the per-
+sous 'vho seat this embassy are supposed to be the Jews
+of B.ibylon.
+
+'' Namely, that fasting without piety js not acceptable;
+but R;i-lii, "wliat CMUsod you to fast ami niouru, are they
+not the aduiouitious (unheeded) which the ijord pro-
+slaimed?" &.•:.
+700
+
+
+fatherless, the stranger, or the poor; and
+imagine not evil in your heart one against
+the other.
+
+11 But they" refused to listen, and tiu'ned
+away rebelliously* the shoulder, and stopited
+their ears, so as not to hear;
+
+12 And their heart they rendered as an
+adamant, so as not to hear the law, and the
+words which the Lord of hosts had sent
+through his spirit by means of the former
+prophets : wherefore came a great anger from
+the Lord of hosts.
+
+13 And it is come to pass, that as he pro-
+claimed, and they would not hear: so had
+they to call, and I would not hear, saith the
+Lord of hosts ;
+
+14 And I resolved to scatter them with a
+storm-wind among all the nations that they
+had not known; and the land was left de.so-
+late after them, without any one to pass
+through it forward or backward; and the
+pleasant land have they changed into a desert
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And the word of the Lord of hosts
+came, saying,
+
+2 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, I am
+jealous for Zion with a great jealousy, and
+with great fury am I jealous for her.
+
+3 Thus hath said the Lord, I return unto
+Zion, and I will dwell in the midst of Jerusa-
+lem : and Jerusalem shall be called. The city
+of truth ; and the mount of the Lord of hosts.
+The holy mount.
+
+4 ^ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+Again shall there sit old men and old women
+in the streets of Jerusalem, and every one
+with his staff in his hand because of their
+multitude of years.
+
+5 And the streets of the city shall be full
+of boys and girls playing in her streets.
+
+6 "*[[ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts.
+If it should be marvellous in the eyes of the
+remnant of this people in those days, should"
+it also be marvellous in ray eyes? saith the
+Lord of hosts.
+
+
+" "They" refers to the forefathers of that generation.
+* Lit. "they made a rebellious shoulder."
+° Aben Ezra, "it shall be marvellous also in my eyes;"
+meaning, that the marvel will be greater than ever was
+displayed before, or, in other words, an unheard of deed
+of grace, which would appear as though it were wonderful
+even to God from its being unprecedented.
+
+
+ZECHARIAH VIII. IX.
+
+
+7 Tl Thus hath said the Lord of hosts, Be-
+hold, I will save my people from the east
+rountry and from the country of the setting
+of the sun ;
+
+8 And I will bring them (back)., that they
+may dwell in the midst of Jerusalem : and
+they shall be unto me for a people, and I will
+be unto them for a God, in truth and in
+righteousness.
+
+9 T[ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts. Let
+your hands be strong, ye that hear in these
+days these words out of the mouth of the
+prophets, who (spoke) on the day that the
+foundation of the house of the Lord of
+hosts was laid, when the temple was to be
+built.
+
+10 For before those days there was no re-
+ward" for man, nor any I'eward for beast;
+and for him that went out or came in there
+was no peace, because of the oppressor: and
+I let loose all men, every one against his
+neighbour.
+
+11 But now I am no more as in the former
+days unto the residue of this people, saitli
+the Lord of hosts.
+
+12 For the seed shall be undisturbed;''
+the vine shall give its fruit, and the ground
+shall give her production, and the heavens
+shall give their dew : and I will bestow on
+the remnant of this people all these things.
+
+1 3 And it shall come to pass, that, in the
+same degree as ye have been a curse among
+the nations, 0 hou.se of Judah, and house of
+Israel, so will I save you and ye shall be
+a blessing: fear not; let your hands be
+strong.
+
+14 ^ For thus hath said the Lord of hosts.
+As I had purposed to do you evil, when
+your lathers incensed me, saitli the Lord of
+hosts, and I bethought myself not :
+
+15 So do I again purpose in these days to
+do well unto Jerusalem and to the house of
+Judah ; fear ye not.
+
+16 These are the things that ye shall do,
+Speak ye the truth ever}' man to his neigh-
+
+" i e. Labour was unproductive. (See also Haggai i.
+6,9,10; ii. 16,17.)
+
+*■ Lit. "the sped of peace."
+
+° Rashi. after the Rabbins, "this is the system of cnni-
+promise," where disputes are settled without the exti-enie
+rigour of the law, each party yielding something which
+he considers his right.
+
+* Rabbi Joss^ states that Chadrach was a city near Da-
+mascus.
+
+
+bour; (with) truth and the judgment" of
+peace judge ye in your ga.tes;
+
+17 And let none of you think evil in your
+hearts against his neighbour; and love not a
+false oath; for all these are what I hate,
+saith the Lord.
+
+18 ^ And the word of the Lord of hosts
+came unto me, saying,
+
+19 Thus hath said the Lord of hosts. The
+fast of the fourth, and the fast of the fifth,
+and the fiist of the seventh, and the fast of
+the tenth (month), shall become to the house
+of Judah gladness and joy, and merry festi-
+vals: only love ye the truth and peace.
+
+20 ^ Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+(A time) shall yet be when there shall
+come people, and the inhabitants of many
+cities ;
+
+21 And the inhabitants of one (city) shall
+go to another, saying. Let us only go to pray
+before the Lord, and to seek the Lord of
+hosts : I too will likewise go.
+
+22 And many people and strong nations
+shall come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jeru-
+salem, and to pray before the Lord.
+
+2.3 Tf Thus hath said the Lord of hosts,
+In those days (it shall happen), that ten
+men out of all the languages of the nations
+shall take hold — yea. they shall take hold of
+the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying. Let
+us go with 3'ou; lor we have heard that God
+is with you.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 Tl The prophecy of the word of the Lord
+concerning the land of Chadrach,'' and D;i-
+mascus his resting-jjlace ;" for unto the Lord
+(will look) the eye of men, and (that of) all
+the tribes of Israel;'
+
+2 And also concerning Chamath that is
+bordering thereon. Tyre, and Zidon, though
+it be very wise.
+
+3 And though Tyre have built herself a
+strong-hold, and heaped up silver as the
+dust, and fine gold as the mire of the streets :
+
+"Jewish commentators explain, "that Damascus also
+shall become a resting-place for Gnd's glory; because
+unto the Lord shall look the eyes of all tuen, as also
+those of all the tribes of Israel."
+
+' Rashi and Aben Ezra. Redak, one opinion, "and to
+all the tribes of Israel." Jonathan, "for before the Lord
+are revealed the deeds of men;" hence, Zunz, "for the
+Lord hath his eye upon men and al-o upon all the tribes
+of Israel."
+
+701
+
+
+ZECHARIAH IX. X.
+
+
+4 Behold, the Lord will drive'' her out,
+and he will strike down her power*" into the
+sea; and she herself shall be devoured with
+fire.
+
+5 Ashkelon shall see it, and fear; Gazzah
+also, and tremble greatly; and 'Ekron, for
+her trust will be made ashamed: and the
+king shall vanish from Gazzah, and Ashkelon
+shall not be inhabited.
+
+6 And aliens"" shall dwell in Ashdod, and
+I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.
+
+7 And I will remove their bloody (-sacri-
+fices)'' out of their mouth, and their abomina-
+tions from between their teeth ; and their land"
+also shall be left ibr our God, and it shall be
+as a prince's (dwelling) in Judah, and 'Ekron
+shall be like Jebusi.
+
+8 And I will encamp about my house
+against armies, against those that pass to
+and fro, and there shall not pass over them
+any more an oppressor; for now do I look
+(on them) with my eyes.
+
+9 ^ Be greatly glad, 0 daughter of Zion ;
+shout, 0 daughter of Jerusalem ! behold, thy
+King will come unto thee, righteous and vic-
+torious is he, lowly, and riding upon an ass,
+and upon a colt the foal of a she-ass.'
+
+10 And I will cut off chariots from
+Ephraim, and horses from Jerusalem, and
+there shall be cut off the battle-bow, and he
+shall speak peace unto the nations; and his
+dominion shall be from sea to sea, and from
+the river to the ends of the earth.
+
+11 As for thee also, because of the blood
+of thy covenant, do I send forth thy prisoners
+out of the pit wherein there is no water.
+
+12 Return you to the strong-hold, ye hope-
+ful prisoners: even to-day do I declare, that
+1 will recompense twofold (good)''' unto thee.
+
+13 For I do bend Judah for me, grasp
+Ephraim (as) a bow; and I will stir up thy
+
+
+• Michlol Yoplii. Rushi, "impoverish her." Zudz,
+"let her be captureJ." '' Johlson, "her wall."
+
+° Rashi. ■> Philippson, after Rashi.
+
+" Jonathan, "the proselytes that are left of them shall
+be added to the people of our God." The version here
+is after Philippson, who refers xin to the land of Phi-
+listia, which should, when purged of idolatry, become
+united to the holy land, devoted to God, and become like
+Jehudah and Jerusalem (Jebusi).
+
+' As war is to cease at the coming of the Hope of the
+world, he is to appear nut mounted upon the warlike
+horse, but on the bumble, laborious ass.
+
+■ Jonathan; but Rashi, "even this day I announce to
+thee a twofold happy message."
+703
+
+
+sons, 0 Zion, against thy sons, 0 Javan, and
+I will render thee as the sword of a mighty
+man.
+
+14 And the Lord will appear ov^er them,
+and then will go forth like the lightning his
+arrow : and the Lord Eternal will blow on
+the cornet, and lie will go along in the tem-
+pests of the south.
+
+15 The Lord of hosts will be a shield over
+them; and they shall devour (the pre}-),
+and subdue the sling-stones ; and they shall
+drink, make a noise as one (drunken with)
+wine ; and they shall be filled like the offer-
+ing-bowls, like the corners of the altar.
+
+16 And the Lord their God will save
+them on that day as the flock of his people;
+for (like) the stones of a crown, will they
+elevate themselves over his land.
+
+17 For how gi-eat will be (that generation's)
+happiness, and how great its beauty! corn
+shall make the young men sing joyfully, and
+new wine the virgins.""
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 Ask from the Lord rain at the time of
+the latter rain, (from) the Lord who maketh
+lightning-clouds: and he will give unto them
+showers of rain, to every herb in the field.'
+
+2 For the Theraphim speak vanity, and the
+diviners foresee a lie, and those that have
+dreams speak what is false, with nought do
+they comfort: therefore do they move about
+like a flock, they bleat,'' because (they have)
+no shepherd.
+
+3 Tl Against the shepherds is my anger
+kindled, and on the he-goats will I inflict
+punishment; for the Lord of hosts thinketh
+of his flock, the house of Judah, and maketh
+them as his elegant horse in the battle.
+
+4 Out of him cometh forth the corner
+(-stone),' out of him the tent^nail, out of him
+
+'' After Rashi; but Zunz, "how lovely is it there, how
+beautiful is it, (like) corn will he cause young men to
+spring up, and like new wine virgins.
+
+' Rashi, " for the sake of every one, and for the sake
+of every herb," &c.
+
+'' Zunz; but Rashi, "they are humbled."
+
+' "Corner-stone" signifies the principal leaders, "tent-
+nail," the chieftain, who, so to say, sustains the whole
+structure; "the battle-bow," the brave in war; "the
+ruler," (lit. "taskmaster,") the one that hath command
+over others; and it is here thus promised that Israelites
+shall be no longer subject to others, but have among
+themselves all the elements of independent sovereignty,
+and rule over their former oppressors.
+
+
+ZECPIARIAH X. XI.
+
+
+the battle-bow, out of him every ruler (of
+others) together.
+
+5 And they shall be like mighty men,
+treading down (their enemies) in the mire
+of the streets in the battle, and they
+sliall fight, because the Lord is with them:
+and the riders on horses shall be made
+ashamed.
+
+6 And I will strengthen the house of Ju-
+dah, and the house of Joseph will I save,
+and I will bring them ag^in to their own
+homes; for I have mercy upon them, and
+they shall be as though I had never cast
+them ofl'; for I am the Lord their God, and I
+will answer their prayer.
+
+7 And they of Ephraim shall be like a
+mighty man, and their heart shall rejoice as
+though from wine: and their children shall
+see it, and be rejoiced; their heart shall be
+glad in the Lord.
+
+8 I will call'' for them, and gather them;
+for I have redeemed them: and they shall
+increase as tliey have increased (formerly').
+
+9 And when I shall have scattered them
+among the people, they will remember me in
+the far-oft" countries : therefore shall they live
+with their children, and return again.
+
+10 And I will bring them back again out
+of the land of Egypt, and out of Assyria will
+I gather them; and into the land of Gil'ad
+and Lebanon will I bring them, and it shall
+not be sufficient lor them.
+
+11 And he will pass through the sea
+(with) distress,*" and he will smite in the sea
+the waves, and there shall dry up all the
+deeps of the stream : and there shall be
+brought down the pride of Assyria, and the
+sceptre of Egypt shall depart away.
+
+1;^ And I will strengthen them in the
+Lord, and in his name shall they ever walk,
+saith the Lord.
+
+
+'Lit. "whistle." (See Isa. v. 26.)
+
+^ i. e. God will come to distress the enemies of his
+people. Philippson, "as the drying up of the Nile is pre-
+dicted, as prefiguring the fall of Egypt, G-od passes
+through the lied Sea, renders tliis shallow, and then
+causes the Nile to dry up." Rashi, however, "Distress
+shall pass (over Tyre), which is situated <m the sea, and
+the Lord, that sniiteth, will smite in t'he sea the waves
+to cause Tyre to sink." Aben Ezra, "(A wind of) dis-
+tress will pass through the sea;" referring to the drying
+up of the sea and river of P]gypt. (Isa. xix. 5, 6.)
+
+' Jewish commentators suppose this prophecy to pre-
+dict the destruction of the second temple; but Jonathan,
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+
+1 ^ Open thy doors. 0 Lebanon,'" ;ind the
+fire shall eat on thy cedars.
+
+2 Wail, fir-tree; for fallen is the cedar;
+those that were miglity are despoiled: wail,
+0 ye oaks of Bashan; for the impervious''
+forest is come down.
+
+3 (There is) the noise of the wailing of
+the shepherds; for wasted is their glory:
+(there is) the noise of the roaring of young
+lions; for wasted is the pride" of the Jordan.
+
+4 ][ Thus hath said the Lord my God,
+Feed the flocks (that are destined for) the
+slaughter;
+
+5 Whom their buyers slay, and hold them-
+selves guiltless; and whose sellers say. Bless-
+ed be the Lord, for I am rich: and none of
+whose shepherds have pity on them.
+
+6 For I will no more have pity on the in-
+habitants of the land, saith the Lord; but,
+lo, I will deliver the men every one into the
+hand of his neighbour, and into the hand of
+his king: and they shall beat down the land,
+and I will not deliver out of their hand.
+
+7 And I had fed the flocks (that were
+destined for) the slaughter, — indeed, the
+poorest of the flocks; and I had taken unto
+me two staves; the one I called Mildness
+[No'am], and the other I called Concord*^
+[Choblim] : and I fed the flocks.
+
+8 And I removed the^ three shepherds in
+one month; and my soul was tired of them,
+and also their soul abhorred me.
+
+9 Then said I, I will not feed you:
+what is dying may die; and what is to be
+lost may be lost; and those that are left may
+eat every one the flesh of the other.
+
+10 And I took my stafl', namely, Mildness,
+and cut it to pieces, to annul my covenant
+which I had made with all the tribes.
+
+
+"Open your gates, 0 ye nations." Lebanon stands
+generally for all the land of Israel.
+
+•^ Lit. "fortified," t. e. by its intricacies and under-
+growth.
+
+° Zunz, "the pride of the flood." Philippson, "the
+overflow," &c.
+
+' Others, "Severity," in which view Rashi agrees; but
+Joseph Kimchi, "companionship," "union," or as in the
+text, "concord." Redak, "wounding," as opposed to
+"mildness."
+
+' ('. e. Under-shepherds, who arfe to look out each for his
+portion of the flock. Various opinions are given as to wlio
+these three were : Redak, " the three sons of Josiah," &o
+
+70-J
+
+
+ZECHARIAH XL XII.
+
+
+11 And when it was annulled on that day,
+then knew they well, truly the poorest of
+the flocks that waited for me, that it was the
+word of the Lord.
+
+12 And I said unto them, If it be good in
+your eyes, give me my reward; and if not,
+forbear. So they weighed out as my reward
+thirty pieces of silver.
+
+13 And the Lord said vmto me. Cast it
+unto the treasurer,"' the precious price which
+I am prized at by them. And I took the
+thirty pieces of silver, and cast them in the
+house of the Lord unto the treasurer.
+
+14 Then I cut in pieces my second staff,
+namely. Concord, to annul the brotherhood
+between Judali and Israel.
+
+15 •[[ And the Lord said unto me, Take
+unto thee yet the instruments of a foolish
+shepherd.
+
+16 For, lo, I raise up a shepherd in the
+land, who will not think of those that are
+lost, nor seek for that which is gone astray,
+nor heal that which hath (a limb) broken;
+who will not care for that which hath stood
+still; but who will eat the flesh of the fat,
+and devour all even to'' their claws.
+
+17 Wo to the worthless shepherd that
+leaveth the flock! the sword shall be upon
+his arm, and upon his right eye : his arm
+shall utterly wither, and his right eye shall
+be completely blinded."
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ^ The prophecy of the word of the Lord
+concerning Israel, Saitli the Lord, who stretch-
+eth forth the heavens, and layeth the founda-
+tion of the earth, and formeth the spirit of
+man within him :
+
+
+" After Jolilson. Pbilippson comments, that thirty
+shekels was the price of a slave .slain by an ox, (see Exod.
+xxi. 42;) the prophet demanded in the name of God the
+reward for his keeping the people, and they gave the
+mean sum of thirty pieces; tliis, ironically called "the
+precious price" at which the Divine care was valued, was
+to be cast carelessly to the keeper of temple treasure,
+nut of which the daily sacrifices were purchased. This
+may be viewed as an allegorical condemnation of the idea
+that sacrifices without piety can be in the least pleasing
+to God. Rashi, after Jonathan, conceives the thirty
+pieces to signify those who do the will of God; and
+would then render: "And the Lord said to me, cast the
+same to the treasurer, (). c lay up these righteous and
+their good deeds, that they may be kept for the end of
+the seventy years of the Babylonian exile, in order
+that the temple may be built for their sake; and what is
+704
+
+
+2 Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of
+confusion unto all the people round about;
+and also against Judali, who will have to
+be at the siege" against Jerusalem.
+
+3 And it shall come to pass on that day
+that I will make Jerusalem a burdensome
+stone for all the people ; all that burden them-
+selves with it shall be severely cut : yet then
+will be gathered together against it all the
+nations of the earth.
+
+4 On that day, saith the Lord, will I smite
+every horse with dizziness, and his rider with
+madness; but over the hou.se of Judah will I
+open my eyes, while I will smite every horse
+of the people with blindness.
+
+5 And the chiefs of Judah Avill say in
+their heart, A strong support" for me are the
+inhabitants of Jerusalem through the Lord of
+hosts their God.
+
+6 On that day will I make the chiefs of
+Judah like a fire-hearth among the wood, and
+like a torch of fire among sheaves; and they
+shall devour on the right hand and on the
+left all the people round about: and Jerusa-
+lem shall be inhabited again in her own
+place, even in Jerusalem.
+
+7 The Lord also will save the tents of
+Judah first-/ in order that the glory^ of the
+house of David and the glory of the inha-
+bitants of Jerusalem shall not become boast-
+fuP over Judah.
+
+8 On that day will the Lord lae a shield
+around the inhabitants of Jerusalem: and
+the feeblest among them shall be on that day
+like David; and the house of David sludl be
+like divine beings,' like an angel of the Lord
+before them.
+
+9 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+
+the treasury?) the precious glory of my sanctuary, which
+I have stripped from them," taking a 'nip' as "having
+deprived — of the glory."
+
+" Johlson, after Rashi. Redak, "aad brcakcth their
+feet (claws)." Philippson, "and only teareth ofi' their
+claws."
+
+° Lit. "become dark."
+
+'' Philippson, "and also on Judah will it bo obligatory
+to be at the siege," &c.
+
+' /. e. They will acknowledge that Jerusalem is the seat
+of the Divine glory. Rashi and Aben Ezra, " through
+their prayer, because they know that we are come against
+our will."
+
+' Rashi. Zunz, "will help them to the former state."
+
+' Zunz, " boastfulness."
+
+^ Philippson. Lit. "become great."
+
+' Jonathan and Rashi, "chiefs," "angels."
+
+
+ZECHARIAH XII. XIII. XIV.
+
+
+that I will seek to destro}' all the nations
+that are come against Jerusalem.
+
+10 But I will pour out over the liouse of
+David, and over tlie inhabitants of Jerusalem,
+the spirit of grace and of supplications:* and
+they will look up toward me (for every one)*"
+whom the_y have thrust through, and they
+will lament for him, as one lameuteth for an
+only son, and weep bitterly for him. as one
+weepeth bitterly for the first-born.
+
+11 On that day Avill the lamentation be
+great in Jerusalem, like the lamentation at
+Hadadrimuion" in the valley of Megiddon.
+
+12 And the land will mourn, ever)- family
+apart by itself: the laniily of the house of
+David apart, and their wives apart; the
+family of the house of Nathan apart, and
+their wives apart;
+
+13 The family of the house of Levi apart,
+and their wives apart; the family of Shim'i
+apart, and their wives apart;
+
+14 All the families that remain, every
+family apart by itself, and their wives apart.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 *i\ On that day shall there be a fountain
+opened to the house of David and to the in-
+habitants of Jerusalem, for cleansing from
+sin and for purification.'"
+
+2 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+saitli the Lord of hosts, that I will cut oft' the
+names of the idols out of the land, and they
+shall not be remembered any more : and also
+the prophets and the unclean spirit will I
+remove out of tlie land.
+
+3 And it shall come to pass, if any one
+should yet prophesy, that his father and his
+mother who have begotten him shall say
+unto him. Thou shalt not live; for falsely
+hast thou spoken in the name of the Lord:
+
+' Rashi, "that it shall come into their mind to make
+supplication before me, and they shall tind grace in my
+eyes."
+
+'' The objective case is omitted in the original: "whom
+they have pierced" cannot be in apposition "to me," be-
+cause the next clause is, " they will lament for him," not
+"me;" hence it is clear that the objective, "every one,"
+must be supplied, as has been done here.
+
+' Rashi and Jonathan conceive that the pmphet speaks
+iif two lamentations, and take " Hadadrimmon" to mean
+"the slaughter made by him [Hadad] in killing Achab;"
+and "Megiddon" to relate to Josiah, for whom Jeremiah
+lamented. (2 Chron. sxxv. "25.) Others assert that Ha-
+dadrimmon was a place in the valley of Megiddo, after-
+ward called Alaximiauopolis, wliere then perhaps a siTrat
+40
+
+
+and his father and his mother who have be
+gotten him shall thrust him through when he
+prophesieth.
+
+4 And it shall come to pass on that dtiy,
+that the prophets shall be ashamed every one
+because of his vision, when he prophesieth;
+and they shall not clothe themselves with a
+hairy cloak in order to deceive.
+
+5 But he will say, I am no prophet, a man
+that tilleth the ground am I; for some one
+hath taught" me to keep cattle from my
+youth.
+
+6 And should some one say unto him.
+What are these wounds between thy hands?
+Then will he say. Those with which I have
+been wounded in the house of my (vicious)
+friends.
+
+7 ^1 Awake, O sword, against my shep-
+herd, and against the man whom I have as-
+sociated with me/ saith the Lord of hosts:
+smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be
+scattered; but I will turn my hand toward
+the feeble ones.^
+
+8 And it shall come to pass, that in all
+the land, saith the Lord, two parts (of those)
+therein shtill be cut off", shall perish; but the
+third part shall be left therein.
+
+9 And I will bring the third part into the
+fire, and I will refine them as one refineth
+silver, and will probe them as gold is probed :
+they will call on my name, and I will answer
+their prayer; I will say. The}' are my peo-
+ple; and they will say. The Lord is my God.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ]f Behold, a day is coming unto the
+Lord, when thy spoil shall be divided in the
+midst of thee.
+
+2 And I will assemble all the nations
+against Jerusalem to battle; and the city
+
+lamentation was made for the last good king of David's
+line. '' See Num. xix.
+
+° Rashi, after Menaohem. Philippson and Zuuz, "hath
+purchased me as a serf:'' he denies even being a freeman,
+but wishes to pass for a bondman, compelled to labour
+daily in the humblest vocation, so as to avoid the suspicion
+of belonging to the band of false prophets, of whom were
+so many during the first temple. The same is to be ob-
+served of the next ver.se, where wounds arc spoken of,
+for which see 1 Kings xviii. 28.
+
+' Rashi, with the addition, "to keep my flocks," /. c.
+the prince or chief who was to be a true shepherd, but
+has failed iu his duty.
+
+^ Meaning, protect the young or weak; but Rashi, "and
+T will ri'jirat the bhiw against tiie mimir chiefs."
+
+7urj
+
+
+ZECHARIAH XIV.
+
+
+shall be captured, and the houses plundered,
+and the women ravished; and half of the
+city shall go forth into exile, and the residue
+of the people shall not be cut off from the
+city.
+
+3 Then will the Lord go forth, and fight
+against the.«e nations, as on the day when he
+fought on the day of battle.
+
+4 And his feet will stand on that day upon
+the mount of Olives, which is before Jerusa-
+lem on the east, and the mount of Olives
+shall be split in twain in its middle eastward
+and westward, making a very great valley;
+and half of the mount shall remove north-
+ward, and half of it southward.
+
+5 And ye shall flee (from) the valley of
+my mountains; for the valley of the moun-
+tains shall reach unto Azal; and ye shall flee,
+just as ye fled from before the earthquake in
+the days of 'Uzziyah the king of Judah : and
+then will come the Lord my God, and all
+the saints with thee.
+
+6 ]| And it shall come to pass on that
+day, that there shall be no light, but fleeting
+light and thick darkness;"
+
+7 But it shall be one particular day which
+shall indeed be known as the Lord's, neither
+day nor night; but it shall come to pass,
+that at evening-time there shall be light.
+
+8 And it shall happen on that day, that
+living waters shall go out from Jerusalem,
+the half of them toward the eastern sea, and
+the other half of them toward the western
+sea: in summer and in winter shall it be so.''
+
+9 And the Lord will be king over all the
+earth: on that day shall the Lord be (ac-
+knowledged) one, and his name be one.
+
+10 All the land shall be changed as it were
+into a plain from Geba' to Eimmon to the
+south of Jerusalem; and she herself shall be
+elevated, and be inhabited on her former
+site, from the gate of Benjamin unto the
+place of the first gate, up to the corner gate,
+
+' Raslii. Pliilippsoii, "but frost and snow." Zunz,
+"pressure and congelation." In the first instance nnp'
+is signifying "brightness," as iu Job xxxi. 21; in the
+second, as from "\p "cold," and in the third, "weighty,"
+as in 1 Kings v. 81. The meaning of the verse, how-
+ever, is, that there shall be no distinct light, as farther
+explained.
+
+" )'. '■. It shall bo a perpetual river, not drying up iu
+summer.
+
+° Rashi; but Jonathan and Redak, "and his hand
+shall become feeble with the hand of his neighbour."
+706
+
+
+and from the tower of Chananel unto tlie
+king's wine-presses.
+
+11 And men shall dwell in it, and no de-
+struction shall any more take place; but Je-
+rusalem shall be inhabited in safety.
+
+12 ^ And this shall be the plague where-
+with the Lord will afliict all the people that
+shall have come to battle against Jerusalem:
+The flesh of every one shall consume away
+while he standeth upon his feet, and his eyes
+shall consume away in their holes, and the
+tongue of every one shall consume away in
+his mouth.
+
+13 And it shall come to pass on that day,
+that a great confusion from the Lord shall be
+among them: and they shall lay hold every
+one on the hand of his neighbour, and his
+hand shall rise up against the hand of his
+neighbour."
+
+14 And also Judah will have to fight against
+Jerusalem: and there shall be gathered to-
+gether the wealth of all the nations round
+about, gold, and silver, and garments, in
+great abundance.
+
+15 And thus shall be the plague of the
+horses, of the mules, of the camels, and of
+the asses, and of all the beasts that will be in
+these camps, just like this plague.
+
+16 T[ And it shall come to pass, that every
+one that is left out of all the nations who will
+have come against Jerusalem, yea, these shall
+go up year by year to bow down before the
+King, the Lord of hosts, and to celebrate the
+feast of tabernacles.''
+
+17 And it shall hapjjen, that whoso will
+not come up out of the families of the earth
+unto Jerusalem to bow down before the King,
+the Lord of hosts, — even upon these there
+shall be no rain.
+
+18 And if the family of Egypt go not up,
+and come not, then shall not (any rain
+fall)" upon them also: this shall be the
+plague, wherewith the Lord will afliict the
+
+
+^ As this is an ordinance of the Mosaic Law, (Lev.
+xxiii. 41,) it proves that even then the code of Israel will
+not be abrogated.
+
+' Egypt requires no rain near the Nile, which over-
+flows it banks annually and fertilizes the land; Jonathan
+therefore renders, "the Nile shall not overflow for them."
+But Zunz, as in text, " the rain shall not^all on them ;"
+which, falling in the upper course of the river, causes it to
+swell. Redak, "on which falleth no rain: on them
+shall be the plague," &c., ('. e. that though the want of rain
+would not injure them, they shall not escape the plague.
+
+
+MALACHI I.
+
+
+nations that will not come up to celebrate
+the feast of tabernacles.
+
+19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt,
+and the punishment of all the nations that
+will not come up to celebrate the feast of ta-
+bernacles.
+
+20 On that day shall (every thing), even
+to" the bells of the horses, be holy unto the
+
+
+Lord; and the pots in the Lord's house shall
+be like the bowls before the altar.
+
+21 And every pot in Jerusalem and in
+Judah shall be holj' unto the Lord of hosts;
+and all those that sacrifice will come and
+take some of them, and seethe therein : and
+on that day there shall be no more any
+trader'' in the house of the Lord of hosts.
+
+
+THE rROPHECY OF MALACHI,
+
+
+ON'70 nN*131
+
+
+CHAPTER L
+
+1 ^ The prophecy of the word of the Lord
+to Israel by means of Malachi.
+
+2 I have loved you, so hath said the Lord :
+yet ye say, Wherein hast thou loved us? Is
+not Esau brother to Jacob? saith the Lord:
+yet I loved Jacob ;
+
+3 And Esau I hated; and I rendered his
+mountains a desert, and his heritage a dwell-
+ing for the monsters" of the wilderness.
+
+4 Should Edom even saj'. We are impove-
+rished;* but we will return and build the
+ruined places: thus hath said the Lord of
+hosts. They may indeed build, but I will
+surely throw down ; and men shall call them.
+The territory of wickedness, and, The people
+against whom the Lord hath indignation to
+eternity. •
+
+5 And your eyes shall see it; and ye shall
+then say, The Lord will be magnified beyond
+the territory of Israel.
+
+6 A son honoureth his father, and a ser-
+\'ant his master : if then I be a father, where
+is my honour? and if I be a master, where is
+my fear? saith the Lord of hosts unto you, 0
+
+' Zunz, after Rashi. Others, "there shall be engraved
+upon the be-lls of the horses, Holy to the Lord."
+
+'' Rashi, "they will require no trading," i. c to purchase
+vessels for the sacrifice, since every thing will be holy.
+Philippson, "an unclean," taking Canaanite as signifying
+one not believing in God. (Ezek. xli. 9.)
+
+° Others, " dwellings of the wilderness."
+
+* Others, "we have been destroyed."
+
+
+priests, that despise my name; and ye say,
+Wherein have we despised thy name?
+
+7 Ye ofier upon my altar polluted bread;
+and ye say, Wherein have we polluted thee?
+In that ye say. The table of the Lord is con-
+temptible.
+
+8 And if ye bring near the blind to sacri-
+fice it, is this not evil? and if ve bring near
+the lame and the sick, is this not evil? do
+but present it unto thy governor, will he be
+pleased with thee, or receive thee with fa-
+vour? saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+9 And now, I pray you, beseech the pre-
+sence of God that he may l)e gracious unto
+us; from your hand hath this thing come:
+will he receive one of you with favour? saith
+the Lord of hosts.
+
+10 Oh that there were some one" among you
+that would lock up the doors (of the sanc-
+tuary), that ye might not light up my altar
+for nought: I have no pleasure in you, saith
+the Lord of hosts, neither will I accept in
+favour an offering from your hand.
+
+11 For from the rising of the sun even
+unto his going down my name is great among
+the nations; and in every place incense is
+
+
+" This version is according to Rashi. Arnheim refers
+this to "pi'esent it unto thy governor;" translating the
+last part of the preceding verse : " Who of you would
+receive in favour the giver of such a present?" And
+then continues, "Each of you would even lock up the
+doors" against such an intrusion; and then he adds, "So
+then light not up," &c. But Rashi's exposition of thia
+difficult text appears to be the best.
+
+
+MALACHI I. II.
+
+
+burnt and there is offered unto my name,
+even a pure offeruig; for great is my name
+among the nations, saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+12 But ye profane it, in that ye say, The
+table of the Lord is polluted, and by the as-
+sertion," Its food is contemptil)le.
+
+13 And ye have said, Behold, what a
+wearisome task is it! and ye have left it to
+famish,* saith the Lord of hosts ; and ye have
+brought what was robl>ed, and the lame, and
+the sick, and thus ye have brought an offer-
+ing: should I accept this in favour from your
+hand? saith the Lord.
+
+14 But cursed be the deceiver, who hath
+in his flock a male, and voweth, and sacri-
+fice th a corrupt" thing unto the Lord; for I
+am a great king, saith the Lord of hosts, and
+my name is feared among the nations.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 And now, this commandment is for you,
+0 ye priests.
+
+2 If ye will not hear, and if ye will not
+lay it to heart, to give glory unto my name,
+saith the Lord of hosts: I will even send out
+against you a curse, and I will curse your
+blessings; yea, I will curse the same,'' because
+ye do not lay it to heart.
+
+3 Behold, I will destroy unto you the
+seed, and spread dung upon your faces, even
+the dung of your festive offerings; and one
+shall take" you away with it.
+
+4 And ye shall thereby know that I have
+sent out unto you this commandment, that
+my covenant might be with Levi, saith the
+Lord of hosts.
+
+5 My covenant was with him life and
+peace ; and I gave them to him for the fear*^
+wherewith he feared me, and because of my
+name he had dread. *^
+
+6 The law of truth was in his mouth, and
+
+" Eedak, giving it with, "the assertion of the priest."
+Others, "its incMime, its food {i.e. of the table of God,
+the altar,) is contemptible."
+
+" Arnhrini and Rashi. Otlicr.s, "let it grieve." Phi-
+lippson, simply, "despised it."
+
+° I. c. An animal with a bodily defect.
+
+'' Arnheim ingeniously refers rrnnx to the elliptical
+VTSn "the earth," — "the very earth will I curse."
+
+'This difficult phrase is given by Hashi, "this dung
+will carry you up to it.sclf," /. c make you as contempti-
+ble as it is. Aben Ezra, "the enemy earrieth you along
+with bini." Philippson, "and this is to honour you."
+
+' Rashi, " that lie should fear, and so he did fear me."
+
+' Johlson, "he bent himself before my name."
+708
+
+
+fixlsehood was not found on his lips: in peace
+and equity he walked with me, and many
+did he turn away from iniquity.
+
+7 For the priest's lips are ever to keep
+knowledge, and the law are they to seek from
+his mouth ; for he is the messenger of the
+Lord of hosts.
+
+8 But ye are indeed departed out of the
+way; ye have caused many to stumble in
+the law; ye have corrupted the covenant of
+the Levite, saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+9 Therefore have I also made you con-
+temptible and low before all the people, in
+the same measure as ye do not keep my
+ways, but act with partiality'' in the law.
+
+10 Ha-\'e we not all one fother? hath not
+one God created us? (then) why shall we
+deal treacherously every man against his
+brother, to profane the covenant of oin- fa-
+thers?
+
+11 Judah hath dealt treacherously, and
+an aljomination hath been committed in Is-
+rael and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath pro-
+faned the sanctuary of the Lord which he
+loveth, and hath married the daughter of a
+strange god.
+
+12 The Lord will cut off unto the man
+that doth this, son and grandson,' out of the
+tents of Jacob, and liim that bringeth near
+an offering unto the Lord of hosts.
+
+13 And this do ye secondly, covering the
+altar of the Lord with tears, with weeping
+and with loud complaint, so that he turneth
+not any more his regard to the offerings, nor
+receiveth it with favour at your hand.
+
+14 Yet ye say. Wherefore? Because the
+Lord hath been witness between thee and
+the wife of thy youth, against whom thou
+hast indeed dealt treacherously : yet is she
+thy companion, and the wife of thy covenant.
+
+15 And not one doth so who hath'' a rem-
+
+' / c. Favour the great so as not to reprove them.
+Philippson deems the negative of the first part of the
+sentence to be omitted before the last, and renders, hence,
+"and honour not the law."
+
+' Jonathan. The Talmudists, "teacher and scholar."
+'' Verses 15 and 10 are rendered after Zunz and Phi-
+lippson, who chiefly have followed Aben Ezra; but pjona-
+than, "Behold, Abraham (nns the eminent one, or the
+first father of our people, ) was an only one, from whom
+the world (Israel) was created; and what did this one re-
+quire? nothing but that a child be preserved to him from
+befire the Loiin; therefore, &c. For if he hate her, let
+hira dismiss her, — and not cover over violence with a gar-
+ment," &c. The last clause is explained, " treating a wife
+
+
+MALACHI II. III.
+
+
+iiiint of a (good) spirit; for what desiretli
+ruch a one? he seeketh (to possess) a godly
+[josterit}- : therefore take heed to your spirit,
+and let none of you deal treacherously
+against the wife of his youth.
+
+16 For he hateth putting away (the wife),
+so hath said the Lord the God of Israel,
+and him who covereth his garment witli
+violence, so hath said the Lord of hosts:
+therefore take heed to your spirit, and deal
+not treacherously.
+
+17 ^ Ye have wearied the Lord with your
+words: yet ye say. Wherein have we wearied
+him? By your saying. Every one that doth
+evil is good in the ey^es of the Lord, and
+in them he lindeth delight; or else, Where is
+the God of justice?
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 Behold, I will send my messenger, and
+he shall clear out the way before me : and
+suddenly will come to his temple the Lord,
+whom ye seek; and the messenger of the
+covenant, whom ye desire for, behold, he is
+coming, saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+2 But who can sustain the day of his com-
+ing? and who can stand when he appeareth?
+for he is like the fire of the melter. and like
+the lye of the washers :
+
+3 And he will sit as a melter and purifier
+of silver; and he will purifv the sons of Levi,
+and refine them as gold and silver, that they"'
+may^ offer unto the Lord an offering in right-
+eousness.
+
+4 And then shall be pleasant unto the
+Lord the offerings of Judah and Jerusalem,
+as in the days of old, and as in former years.
+
+•5 And I will come near unto you to (hold)
+judgment; and I will be a swift witness
+against the sorcerers, and against the adul-
+terers, and against those that swear fiilsely,
+and against those that withhold the wages of
+the hired laboui'er, (oppress) the widow, and
+the fatherless, and that do injustice to the
+stranger, and fear me not, saith the Lord of
+hosts.
+
+
+cruelly while keeping her bound to him, as a garment is
+to the body. Other Rabbins explain this verse as a con-
+versation between those married to strange women and
+the prophet : " Did not the one (Abraham) do so by
+espousing Hagar? and was he not endowed with a divine
+spirit of prophecy? Yes, but what did this one want? he
+only sought to have a godly posterity; so be you careful
+of your own spirit, and act not foithlessly against the wffe
+
+
+G For I the Lord, — I have not changed:
+and ye sons of Jacol) — ye have not ceased
+to be.
+
+7 From the days of your fathers did ye de-
+part from my statutes, and did not keep
+them: return unto me, and I will return unto
+you, saith the Lord of hosts; but ye siiy,
+Wherein shall we return?
+
+8 Can a man rob God, that ye will rol)
+me? But ye say, Wherein have we robbed
+thee? In tithes and in heave-offerings.
+
+9 With the curse are ye cursed, and y-et
+me do ye rob, 0 ye entire nation !
+
+10 Bring ye all the tithes into the store-
+house, that there may be provision in my
+house, and prove me but lierewith, saith
+the Lord of hosts, if I Avill not open for
+you the windows of heaven, and pour out
+for you a blessing, until it be more tlian
+enough.
+
+11 And I will rebuke for you the devourer.''
+and he shall not destroy for you the fruit of
+the ground: and the vine shall not cast its
+fruit for y-ou before the time in the field, saith
+the Lord of hosts.
+
+12 And all the nations shall call you
+blessed; for ye shall be a land of delight,"
+saith the Lord of hosts.
+
+13 ^ Your words have been strong against
+me, saith the Lord; but ye say, What have
+we spoken among us against thee?
+
+14 Ye have said. It is vain to serve God :
+and what profit is it that we have kept his
+charge, and that we have walked contritely
+before the Lord of hosts?
+
+15 And now we call the presumptuous
+happy: yea, built up are those that practise
+wickedness; yea, they have even tempted
+God and are (yet) suffered to escape.
+
+16 Then conversed they that fear the Lord
+one with the otlier: and the Lord listened
+and heard it, and there was written a boolc
+of remembrance before him for those who
+fear the Lord, and for those who respect his
+name.
+
+17 And they shall be mine, saith the Lord
+
+of your youth to seek the embrace of strangers." (See
+Ezra is. and x., and Nehemiah xiii. 23 — 30.)
+
+" Johlson, " that those only may be consecrated to the
+Lord, who sacrifice the offering in righteousness."
+
+"" Meaning the locusts and kindred insects which de-
+stroy the harvest.
+
+' Rashi comments, "a land in which I take delight."
+Red.ik, " the productiveness of vhich is ^reat."
+
+
+MALACHI ill.
+
+
+of hosts, on that day wliich I create" as a
+special treasure : and I will spare them, as a
+man spareth his son that serveth him.
+
+13 And ye shall return, and see the differ-
+ence between the righteous and the wicked,
+between him that serveth God and him that
+hath not served him.
+
+lO*" For, behold, the day is coming, which
+shall burn as an oven ; and all the presump-
+tuous, yea, and all who practise wickedness
+shall be stubble : and the day that is coming
+shall set them on fire, saith the Lord of hosts,
+who will not leave them root or bough.
+
+20 Bui there shall rise unto you that fear
+my name the sun of righteousness with heal-
+ing in h.\ii wings: and ye will go forth, and
+grow fat" till calves of the stall.
+
+' Lit. "male;" so also in ver. 21.
+'' The Englip'i version commences here chap, iv., which
+is not found in "ur text.
+° Zunz, "■ I about."
+710
+
+
+21 And ye will tread down the wicked ;
+for they shall be ashes under the soles of
+your feet, on the day that I create, saith the
+Lord of hosts.
+
+22 Remember ye the law of Moses my ser-
+vant, whom I commanded on Horeb for all
+Israel, statutes and ordinances.
+
+23 Behold, I send unto you Elijah the
+prophet before the coming of the day of the
+Lord, the great and the dreadful.
+
+24 And he shall turn back the heart of
+the fathers* to the children, and the heart of
+the children to their fathers: lest I come and
+smite the earth with a curse.
+
+[2.3 Behold, I send unto you Elijah the
+prophet before the coming of the day of the
+Lord, the great and the dreadful.]
+
+
+* Rashi, "he will turn back the heart of the fathers
+(to God) through the children, saying in a loving and
+pleasing way, 'Go speak to your fathers to lay hold of
+the way of the Lord,' " &c
+
+
+D^mnm D^N'3J nmn
+
+
+THE HOLY SCRIPTURES
+
+PART TIIIIU),
+
+
+CONTAINING
+
+
+THE HOLY WRITINGS, OR HAGIOGRAPHA.
+
+PSALMS, D'Snn provp:rbs, 'Sb'O
+
+JOB, DVN SONG OF SONGS, On'B'n TtJ'
+
+RUTH, mi LAMENTATIONS, HJ'N
+
+ECCLESIASTES, n'^Hp ESTHER, -inDN'
+
+DANIEL, ^N'n EZRA, Niri*
+
+NEHEMIAH, H'Onj FIRST CHRONICLES, N D'O'H 'IDT
+
+SECOND CHRONICLES, 2 D'^'H 'IDl
+
+
+THE BOOK OF TSALMS,
+
+
+BOOK FIEST.
+
+
+PSALM I.
+
+1 Happy is the man who walketh not in
+the council of the wicked, and standeth not
+in the way of sinners, and sitteth not in the
+seat of scorners;
+
+2 But whose delight is in the law of the
+Lord, and who doth meditate in his law by
+day and night.
+
+3 And he shall be like a tree planted by
+rivulets of water, that yieldeth its fruit in
+its season, and the leaf of which doth not
+wither; and all that he may do shall prosper.
+
+4 Not so the wicked; but they are like
+the chaff which the wind driveth away.
+
+5 Therefore shall the wicked not be able
+to stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the
+congregation of the righteous.
+
+6 For the Lord regardeth the way of the
+righteous ; but the way of the wicked lead-
+eth to perdition.
+
+PSALM IL
+
+1 ][ Wherefore do nations rage, and peo-
+ple meditate a vain thing?
+
+2 The kings of the earth raise themselves
+up, and rulers take counsel together, against
+the Lord, and against his anointed:
+
+3 "Let us break asunder their bands, and
+cast away from us their cords."
+
+4 He who dwelleth in the heavens will
+laugh : the Lord will hold them in derision.
+
+5 Then will ke speak unto them in his an-
+ger, and in his displeasure will he terrify them.
+
+
+• Lit. "I will relate of the decree."
+
+'' Israel is called "my first-born son," in Exod. iv. 22;
+"children unto the Lord," in Deut. xiv. 1; hence, the
+king of Israel is preeminently, as representative of the
+people, called here, "thou art my son."
+
+° Aben Ezra. Lit. "kiss," as the giving of a kiss was
+considered a sign of appointing to royalty, as with Samuel
+to Saul, (1 Sara. x. 1.) Rashi, "Arm yourselves with
+purity of heart." Jonathan, "Accept instruction." Most
+commentators apply "lest he be angry," to God.
+4P
+
+
+6 (Saying,) Yet have I appointed my king
+upon Zion my holy mount.
+
+7 I will announce the" decree, the Lord
+hath said unto me, " My son*" art thou : I
+have indeed this day begotten thee.
+
+8 Ask it of me, and I will give thee na-
+tions for an inheritance, and for thy possession
+the uttermost ends of the earth.
+
+9 Thou shalt break them with a rod of
+iron; like a j^otters vessel shalt thou dash
+them in pieces."
+
+10 And now, 0 ye kings, be wise : take
+warning, ye judges of the earth.
+
+11 Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice
+with trembling.
+
+12 Do homage" to the son, lest he be
+angry, and ye be lost on the way; for his
+wrath is so speedily kindled. Happy** are all
+they that put their trust in him.
+
+PSALM III.
+
+1° ^ A psalm of David, when he fled from
+before Abshalom his son.
+
+2 Lord, how numerous are my assailants!
+how many, that rise up against me !
+
+3 Many say of my soul. There is no help'
+for him with God. Selah."
+
+4 But thou, 0 Lord, art a shield around
+me, my glory, and he that lifteth up my head.
+
+5 With my voice I call unto the Lord, and
+he answereth me out of his holy mountain.
+Selah.
+
+6 I laid myself down and slept: I awoke;
+for the Lord sustaineth me.
+
+■" This Psalm concludes, like so many others, with the
+expression of confidence in God/s goodness.
+
+' In the Massoretic text the superscriptions to the
+Psalms are regarded as separate verses when of any
+length.
+
+' Philippson, "salvation," or "happiness."
+
+' Selah was probably a musical term ; but it is now
+impossible to ascertain what it precisely meant. Some
+explain it as meaning "eternally;" hence the phrase,
+Amen Sf/aJi- n^>i dSd "for ever and ave."
+
+713
+
+
+PSALMS III.— VI.
+
+
+7 I will not be afraid of ten thousands of
+people, that have jjlaced" themselves round
+about against me.
+
+8 Arise, 0 Lord, help me, 0 my God; for
+thou smitest all my enemies upon the cheek
+bone: the teeth of the wicked dost thou break.
+
+9 Salvation belongeth unto the Lord: tliy
+blessing be upon thy people.'' Selah.
+
+PSALM IV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician on Neginoth, a
+psalm of David.
+
+2 When I call, answer me, 0 God of
+my righteousness : amidst distress thou hast
+(ever) granted me enlargement; be gracious
+unto me, and hear my prayer.
+
+3 0 ye sons of men, how long shall my
+glory be put to shame? (how long) will ye
+love vanity, will ye seek for lies? Selah.
+
+4 But know that the Lord hath set apart
+the pious for himself: the Lord will hear
+when I call on him.
+
+5 Tremble, and sin not: commune with
+your heart upon your bed, and be still.'' Se-
+lah.
+
+6 Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, and
+put your trust in the Lord.
+
+7 Many say, "Who wnW show us happi-
+ness? Let shine* brightly over us the light
+of thy countenance, 0 Lord."
+
+8 (But) thou hast placed more joy in my
+heart than at the time when their corn and
+their wine were increased.
+
+9 In peace, altogether, Avill I lay me down
+and sleep; for thou. Lord, alone," causest me
+to dwell in safety.
+
+PSALM V.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician upon Nechiloth,^
+a psalm of David.
+
+2 To my words give ear, 0 Lord, have re-
+gard to my meditation.''
+
+3 Listen unto the voice of my loud cry,
+
+' Roilak, "attack me." Junatlian, "of the quarrel of
+the people who have gathered all around me."
+
+*■ Rashi, "thy people are bound to praise thee for
+ever."
+
+' Rftdak, "rebel no more," referring to the rebellion
+nf Abshalom, conceiving this Psalm to have been written
+on that occa.sion.
+
+'' Rashi. Redak, simply, " lift up," taking HDJ for N^fJ.
+
+' So is this given by Rrdak ; but the Massorah would
+require it so: "for thou, O Lord! art alone; in safety
+wilt thou cause me to dwell."
+714
+
+
+my King, and my God, when unto thee I
+pray.
+
+4 0 Lord! in the morning do thou hear
+my voice: in the morning will I set in order
+(my prayer) before thee, and look up with
+hope.
+
+5 For thou art not a God that hath plea-
+sure in wickedness: evil cannot abide with
+thee.
+
+6 The arrogant*" cannot stand up before thy
+eyes: thou hatest all workers of wickedness.
+
+7 Thou wilt destroy those that speak lies:
+tlie man of blood and deceit the Lord ab-
+horreth .
+
+8 But as for me, — in the abundance of thy
+kindness will I enter thy house: I will bow
+myself down before thy holy temple in the
+fear of thee.
+
+9 0 Lord, lead me in thy righteousness
+because of those that regard me enviously;
+make straight before me thy way.
+
+10 For there is not in their mouth any
+sincerity; their inward part is full of decep-
+tion; an open sepulchre is their throat: they
+flatter with their tongue.'
+
+11 Condemn them, 0 God: let them fall
+through their own counsels; for the multi-
+tude of their transgressions cast them down;
+for they have rebelled against thee.
+
+12 Then will rejoice all those that put
+their trust in thee ; for ever will they shout
+for joy, when thou protectest them: and then
+will exult in thee those that love thy name.
+
+13 For thou wilt bless the righteous, 0
+Lord; as with a shield wilt thou encompass
+him with favour.
+
+PSALM VI.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician on Neginoth
+upon Sheminith,'' a psalm of David.
+
+2 0 Lord, correct me not in thy anger,
+and chastise me not in thy wrath.
+
+3 Be gracious unto me, 0 Lord; for I am
+
+' niS'nj from SSn rJinJal, to perforate, (whence S'Sn
+chain, a pipe, or flute,) probably denotes wind instru-
+ments in general; such as the horn, trumpet, pipe, &c.
+
+* Others, "complaint," or "sighing."
+
+^ Rashi, "the foolish." Jonathan, "scorners." Sachs,
+"boasters."
+
+' Lit. "they make smooth their tongue."
+
+' Shrmmiih, "the eighth," which Rashi explains, "a
+harp with eight strings." Philippson, "in the eighth
+measure." Others, "on the base." Mendelssohn, "on
+neginoth with eight strings."
+
+
+PSALMS YI— VIII.
+
+
+withering away: heal me, 0 Lord; for my
+bones are terrified.
+
+4 And my soul is greatly terrified; but
+thou, 0 Lord, how long yet — ?
+
+5 Return, 0 Lord, deliver my soul: help
+me for the sake of thy kindness.
+
+6 For in death men do not remember* thee :
+in the nether world, who shall give thee
+thanks?
+
+7 I am weary with my sighing; I flood
+every night my bed ; with my tears I moisten
+my couch.
+
+8 My eye is consumed because of grief; it
+waxeth old because of all my assailants.
+
+9 Depart from me, all ye workers of wick-
+edness; for the Lord hath heard the voice of
+my weeping.
+
+10 The Lord hath heard my supplication;
+the Lord will accept my prayer.
+
+11 Ashamed and greatly terrified shall be-
+come all my enemies : they will turn round,
+and be made ashamed in a moment.
+
+PSALM VII.
+
+1 ^ A Shiggayon of David, which he sang
+unto the Lord, concerning the affairs of Cush
+the Benjamite.
+
+2 0 Lord my God, in thee do I put my
+trust; save me from every one of my perse-
+cutors, and deliver me :
+
+3 Lest he tear like a lion my soul, rending
+it in pieces, with none to deliver.
+
+4 0 Lord my God, if I have done this ; if
+there be injustice in my hands;
+
+5 If I have recompensed him that was at
+peace*" with me with evil; if I have taken
+aughf from my assailants without cause:
+
+6 May the enemy hotly pursue my soul,
+and overtake it; and tread down upon the
+earth my life, and cause my honour to lie in
+the dust. Selah.
+
+7 Arise, 0 Lord, in thy anger, lift up thy-
+self because of the rage of my enemies : and
+
+
+* Lit. "for not in death is thy memorial."
+'' Aben Ezra, "who hath done me good."
+° Rashi, "taken oif the garment of him who hated me
+to cause him to be naked;" taking, as he does, Cush to
+mean Saul, the corner of whose cloak David cut off in the
+cave. (1 Sam. xxiv. 5.) Others conceive this to be a pa-
+renthesis, thus, "If I have recompensed him at peace
+with me with evil, when I delivered him who hated me
+without cause." The version in the text is after Philipp-
+son, who adopts Rashi's idea, that ySn here means, "to
+take awav." "to unclothe."
+
+
+awake for me (to) the judgment'' that thou
+hast commanded.
+
+8 So shall the congregation of nations
+compass thee about : and for their sakes re-
+turn thou to the height."
+
+9 The Lord will judge the people: judge
+me, 0 Lord, according to my righteousness,
+and according to my integrity (grant) me
+(recompense) .
+
+10 Oh let the evil of the wicked come to
+an end; but establish the just, 0 thou, who
+triest the hearts and reins, 0 righteous God.
+
+11 My protection is by God, who saveth
+the upright in heart.
+
+12 God is a righteous judge, and a God
+who is indignant (with the wicked) every day.
+
+13 K he turn not, He will whet his
+sword; he bendeth his bow, and maketh it
+ready.
+
+14 Also for him he prepareth the instru-
+ments of death; he fashioneth his arrows
+against the persecutors.*^
+
+15 Behold, he travaileth with wrong do-
+ing; but he hath conceived mischief, and
+bringeth forth falsehood.
+
+16 He hath hollowed out a pit, and dug
+it, and is fallen into the ditch which he hath
+wrought.
+
+1 7 His mischief will return upon his own
+head, and upon his own skull will his vio-
+lence come down.
+
+18 I will thank the Lord according to his
+righteousness; and I will sing praises to the
+name of the Lord the Most High.
+
+PSALM VIII.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician upon Gittith,
+a psalm of David.
+
+2 0 Eternal One our Lord, how excellent
+is thy name on all the earth ! thou who hast
+set thy majesty above the heavens.
+
+3 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings
+hast thou founded (thy) might,'-' because of
+
+^ Rashi, "and awake for me, (that) I may execute the
+judgment," &c. Sachs, "be wakeful for me; a judgment
+hast thou commanded, and the congregation," &c. Aben
+Ezra, "and awaken for me."
+
+' Redak, "to hold judgment;" David asks that God may
+sit upon his judgment seat to decide justly for all.
+
+' So Rashi; but the moderns take D'p^T to mean
+"burning darts," which the Asiatics often shot off against
+their enemies; hence, "he fashioneth his arrows to be-
+come burning darts."
+
+* Sachs, "victory;" the word is usuallv given "strength."
+
+716
+
+
+PSALMS viri. IX.
+
+
+(liv <>ii|iiiiu'iits, that thou inightost bring to
+•silence the enemy and him that seeketh ven-
+geance.
+
+4 Wlien I behold thy heavens, the work
+ol' thy lingers, the moon and the stars, which
+thou hast established : —
+
+5 What is the mortal, that thou remem-
+l)erest him? and the son of man, that thou
+thinkest of him?
+
+6 Yet thou hast made him but a little less
+than angels," and hast crowned him with
+honour and glor^-.
+
+7 Thou hast given him dominion over the
+works of thy hands; every thing hast thou
+placed beneath his feet:
+
+8 Flocks and herds altogether, and also
+the beasts of the field;
+
+9 The birds of heaven, and the fishes of the
+sea, whatsoever'' passeth through the paths
+of the seas.
+
+10 0 Eternal One our Lord, how excellent
+is thy name on all the earth !
+
+PSALM IX.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician upon Muth-
+labben, a psalm of David.
+
+2 I will thank the Loud with all my heart:
+I will relate all thy marvellous deeds.
+
+3 I will rejoice and exult in thee: I will
+sing praise to thy name, 0 thou Most High:
+
+4 When my enemies are turned backward,
+(when) they fall and perish at thy presence.
+
+5 For thou hast conducted my dispute and
+my cause ; thou hast sat on the throne as a
+righteous judge.
+
+6 Thou hast rebuked nations, thou hast
+caused the wicked to perish, their name hast
+thou blotted out for ever and ever.
+
+7 0 thou" enemy, the ruins are passed
+away for ever, and the cities which thou hast
+destroyed, — lost is their memorial, yea, theirs.
+
+
+' Sachs and other moderns, "thou madest him but little
+less than God;" referring to Gen. i. 26, where God said
+he would create man in his image.
+
+^ Redak and Aben Ezra, and after them Mendelssohn,
+"he (man) passeth through the paths of the seas."
+
+° Aben Ezra. Philippson, however, takes this ver.se as
+a continuation of the preceding, and tran.slatcs, "the
+enemies — complete arc the ruins for ever, and cities hast
+thou destroyed — perished is their memory, yea, tiicirs;"
+/'. f. the memorial of the enemies first spoken cif Joseph
+Kimclii, "thy d<'Stroyings, O enemy, are at an end."
+llasiii, "the enemy, the swords (of whoso hate) have been
+on us, hath come to his end."
+7IU
+
+
+S But the LoKD will sit enthi'oned for ever:
+he hath established for giving judgment his
+throne.
+
+9 And he will judge the world with right-
+eousness, he shall decide for the people with
+equity.
+
+10 The Lord also will be a strong-hold for
+the oppressed, a strong-hold in times of ilis-
+tress.
+
+11 And they that know thy name will put
+their trust in thee; for thou hast not forsaken
+those that seek thee, 0 Lord.
+
+12 Sing praises to the Lord, wdio dwelleth
+in Zion : announce among the people his
+deeds.
+
+13 For he, that inquireth after acts of
+blood, hath remembered them : he hath not
+forgotten the cry of the afflicted.
+
+14 Be gracious unto me, 0 Lord; have re-
+gard to my affliction (coming) from those
+that hate me, thou who liftest me up from
+the gates of death :
+
+15 In order that I may relate all thy
+praises in the gates of the daughters of Zion :
+I will be glad in thy salvation.
+
+16 Sunk are nations in the ditch that they
+have prepared : in this net which the}' had
+laid in secret is their own foot caught.
+
+17 The Lord is made known; he executed
+justice: through the doing of his own hand?
+is the wicked ensnared. Higgayon,'' Selah.
+
+IS The wicked shall return into hell," all
+the nations that are forgetful of God.
+
+19 For not everlastingly shall the needy
+be forgotten : the expectation of the poor
+shall not perish for ever.
+
+20 Arise, 0 Lord; let not the mortal boast
+of his strength; let nations be judged before
+thy face.
+
+21 Place, 0 Lord, fear^ over them: let na-
+tions know, that they are but mortals. Selah.
+
+
+^ Mendelssohn translates, "0 the great thought;" but
+Sachs and other moderns regard lliijijajjoH as a musical
+term, or instrument. (Psa. xcii. 4.) Jonathan, "the
+righteous shall rejoice for ever." Aben Ezra, "I declare
+this in truth." Rashi, "this occurreth always," — Selah,
+as "eternally."
+
+' Aben Ezra explains, "because man was created from
+the earth;" this would then mean, that " the wicked should
+become nothing, or dust again, as they were originally."
+The Talmudists, "to the lowest degree of hell" (juinish-
+ment) after they have been judged in "God's" tribunal.
+
+' Aben Ezra, Sforno, and others. Raslii, "master;"
+"put a master over them."
+
+
+PSALMS X— XII.
+
+
+PSALM X.
+
+
+1 ^ Wherefore, 0 Lord, standest thou afar
+oft'? hidest th3'self in tunes of distress?
+
+2 In the pride of the wicked doth he hotly
+pursue the poor: they" are seized through
+the plans tliat those have devised.
+
+3 For the wicked boasteth of the longing
+of his soul, and the robber blesseth himself
+when he hath despised"" the Lord.
+
+4 The wicked, according to the pride of
+liis wrathfulness, (saith,) He will not require:
+There is no God (in) all his plans.
+
+5 Prosperous are his ways at all times;
+far in the height (remain) th}' punishments
+away from him : all his assailants — he pufteth
+at them.
+
+6 He saith in his heart, I shall not be
+moved; I shall be for many generations, and
+without adversity.
+
+7 Of folse oaths is his mouth full, and de-
+ceit and fraud : under his tongue is mischief
+and wickedness.
+
+8 He sitteth in the lurking-places of the
+\illages ; in the secret places doth he murder
+the innocent: his eyes search for the unfor-
+tunate."
+
+9 He lieth in wait in a secret place like a
+lion in his den; he lieth in wait to snatch up
+the poor: he snatcheth up the poor, as he
+draweth him'' into his net.
+
+10 He croucheth, he Ijendeth himself, and
+the unfortunate fall through his might.
+
+11 He saith in his heart, God hath forgot-
+ten; he hath hidden his face; he will never
+see it.
+
+12 Arise, 0 Lord; 0 God, lift up thy
+hand: forget not the afllicted.
+
+13 For what doth the wicked despise God?
+(why) doth he say in his heart, Thou wilt
+not require it ?
+
+14 Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest
+mischief and despiteful acts, to requite it with
+thy hand : unto thee the unfoi'tunate commit-
+teth himself; unto the fatherless hast thou
+(ever) been a helper.
+
+
+" Raslii; "they" are the poor; "those," the wicked.
+
+"After Rashi. Sachs, "the robber blasphemeth,
+soorneth the Lord." So also Philippson and Herxhoimer.
+
+° Meuachera. Philippson, "the weak." Mendelssohn,
+"the poor wanderer."
+
+'' Sachs, "as he draweth in his net."
+
+"■philippson and Sachs; Rashi "that tlicv niii\- iint
+
+
+15 Break thou the arm of the wicked; and
+of the bad man — thou wilt inquire for his
+wickedness (till) thou find none.
+
+16 The Lord is King for ever and ever:
+nations are perished out of his land.
+
+17 The longing of the afflicted dost thou
+hear, 0 Lord! thou wilt strengthen their
+heart, thou wilt cause thy ear to listen:
+
+18 To judge the fatherless and the op-
+pressed, that not farther more shall be arro-
+gant" the mortal from the earth.
+
+PSALM XL
+
+1 Tl To the chief musician, by David. In
+the Lord have I put my trust: how can ye
+say to my soul, Flee to \ouy mountain as a
+bird?
+
+2 For lo, the wicked bend their bow, they
+arrange their arrow upon tlie string, to shoot
+in the dark at the upright in hetirt.
+
+3 For (if) the foundations be torn down,
+what can the righteous do?
+
+4 The Lord is in his holy temple, the Lord
+hath his throne in the lieavens, his ej^es be-
+hold, his eyelids prove, the children of men.
+
+5 The Lord proveth the righteous; but
+tlie wicked and him that loveth violence his
+soul hateth.
+
+6 He letteth rain upon the wicked burning
+coals, fire and brimstone; and a glowing
+wind is the portion of their cup.'
+
+7 For righteous is the Lord, he loveth
+righteousness: his coinitenance doth behold
+the upright.
+
+PSALM XII.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician upon Sheminith,
+a psalm of David.
+
+2 Help, 0 Lord; for the pious have ceased
+to be; for the truthful" have failed from among
+the children of men.
+
+3 Deceptively do they speak every one
+with his neighbour, with flattering lips, with
+a double'' heart do they speak.
+
+4 May the Lord cut oft' all flattering lips,
+the tongue that speaketh boastful things:
+
+
+oppress (break in pieces) any more man .sprung from the
+earth."
+
+' This verse is given after Rashi : " the portion of their
+cup" is a proverbial expression, often met with in Scrip-
+ture; "the cup of confusion," ■' my portion and cup," /. f.
+"fate," "lot," "portion." « S.-u-hs, '-truthfulness."
+
+'' Heb. "a heart and n lieart."
+
+Tir
+
+
+PSALMS XII.— XVI.
+
+
+5 Who have said, With our tongue will
+we be mighty; our lips are with us; who is
+lord over us?
+
+6 Because of the oppression of the poor,
+because of the sighing of the needy, now will
+I arise, saith the Lord : I will grant safety to
+him for whom the other lajeth a snare.''
+
+7 The words of the Lord are pure words,
+as silver refined in the crucible'' of earth,
+purified seven times.
+
+8 Thou, 0 Lord, wilt preserve them ; thou
+wilt guard them from this generation for
+ever.
+
+9 On every side do the wicked walk about,
+when the vile are exalted over the sons of
+man.
+
+PSALM XIII.
+
+1 ][ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+2 How long, 0 Lord, wilt thou forget me
+continually? how long wilt thou hide thy
+face from me?
+
+3 How long shall I have to devise resolves
+in my soul, with grief in my heart daily ? how
+long shall my enemy exalt himself over me?
+
+4 Look down, answer me, 0 Lord my God !
+enlighten my eyes, that I may not sleep the
+sleep of death ;
+
+5 That my enemy may not say, I have
+overcome him ; that my assailants may not
+Ije glad when I am moved.'-"
+
+6 But I trust in thy kindness, let my heart
+l)e glad because of thy salvation: I will sing
+unto tlie Lord, because he hath dealt bounti-
+fully with me.
+
+PSALM XIV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by David. The
+worthless fool saith in his heart, There is no
+God. They are corrupt, they are abominable
+(in their) doings, there is none that doth
+good.
+
+2 The Lord looketh down from heaven
+
+' Menaclicm. Other.?, "puffetb at him." Philippson,
+after Ewald, "who longcth for it," (the divine help.)
+
+'' Rashi, Aben Ezra, &o. take '-)'h}}2 to mean " the
+Lord;" "as silver refined by the Lord of the earth."
+Philippson, "as refined silver freed from earth." The
+version here given is after an opinion cited by llashi.
+
+" Jonathan, "when I depart from thy path."
+
+'' Address to the enemies; and means, "Let them de-
+spise the cause of the poor, it matters not, because they
+are protected by the Loitu."
+718
+
+
+upon the children of men, to see if there be
+one intelligent, one who seeketh for God.
+
+3 The}^ are all gone aside, they are alto-
+gether become corrupt: there is none that
+doth good, no, not even one.
+
+4 Is there no knowledge in all the workers
+of wickedness? wlio eat up my people as they
+eat bread; (while) they do not call on the
+Lord.
+
+5 There are they terrified in terror; for
+God is with the righteous generation:
+
+6 The counsel of the poor (though)'' you
+put to shame; because the Lord is his pro-
+tection.
+
+7 Oh that some one miarht brine; the salva^
+tion of Israel out of Zion! When the Lord
+bringeth back the captivity of his people, then
+will Jacob be glad, and Israel will rejoice.
+
+PSALM XV.
+
+1 Tl A psalm of David. Lord, who may
+sojourn in thy tent? who may dwell on thy
+holy mount?
+
+2 He that walketh uprightly, and worketh
+righteousness, and speaketh the truth in his
+heart ;
+
+3 That uttereth no calumny with his
+tongue, that doth no evil to his neighbour,
+and bringeth" no reproach on his fellow-man;
+
+4 In whose eyes the despicable is desjjised ;
+but that honoureth tho.se who fear the Lord;
+that sweareth to his own injury, and changeth
+not;
+
+5 That putteth not out his money for in-
+terest, and taketh no bribe against the inno-
+cent. He that doth tliese things shall not
+be moved to eternity.
+
+PSALxAI XVI.
+
+1 ^ A Michtham*^ of David. Preserve me,
+0 God ; for I have placed my trust in thee.
+
+2 (0 my soul,) thou hast said unto the
+Lord, Thou art my Lord: my happiness is
+not without''' thee ;
+
+
+' Lit. "bearetb," which Kedak explains as, "borne on
+the tongue," or, "thou shalt not bear the name of the
+Lord thy Gml in vain;" hence, "to spread reproachful
+reports."
+
+f This word derived from Kelhcm , " pure gold," is render-
+ed by Mendols.sohn with "an ornament" i.e. elegant song.
+
+« Jonathan. Septuagint, "thou requirest not my good-
+ness." Others, "my goodness cannot benefit tlicc."
+Rashi, "the goodness thou dost for me is not obligatory
+on thee." ()thers, "I have uo happiness beyond thee."
+
+
+PSALMS XVI.— XVIII.
+
+
+3 (But) in the saints who are on the earth,
+and in the excellent, — in them is all my de-
+light.
+
+4 Multiplied shall be the sorrows of those
+who give presents to another god : I will not
+pour out their drink-oflierings of blood, nor
+bear their names upon my lips.
+
+5 Thou, 0 Lord, art the jwrtion of my in-
+heritance, and my cup : thou hast drawn my
+lot.
+
+6 My possessions' ai'e fallen in agreeable
+places: yea, my heritage is jileasant to me.
+
+7 I will bless the Lord, who hath given
+me counsel: also in the night seasons my
+reins admonish ine.
+
+8 I have always set the Lord before me,
+that,'' being at my right hand, I might not be
+moved.
+
+9 Therefore is rejoiced my heai't, and my
+spirit" is glad: also my flesh shall rest in
+safety.
+
+10 For thou wilt not abandon my soul to
+the grave: thou wilt not suffer thy pious
+(servant) to see corruption.''
+
+11 Thou wilt let me know the path of
+life:" fulness of joy is in thy presence; plea-
+sures are at thy right hand for evermore.
+
+PSALM XVII.
+
+1 ^ A prayer of David. Hear, 0 Lord,
+(the cause of) righteousness, attend unto my
+entreaty, give ear unto my prayer, coming
+from lips without deceit.^
+
+2 Let from thy presence my sentence come
+forth ; let thy eyes behold what is right.
+
+3 Thou hast proved my heart; thou hast
+thought of me in the night; thou hast reflned
+me — thou couldst find nothing: my purjwse
+doth not pass beyond (the words of) my
+mouth .8
+
+' Lit. "the Hues," i. e. of measuring; hence, that which
+is measured with them, the land possessed by any one.
+
+^ Sforno; but Rashi and lledak, "because he is — I
+shall not be moved."
+
+'Lit. "honour," "glory;" and is explained by the
+commentators, "the soul, as she is the glory of man."
+
+■' Sixty is, as has been remarked to Isaiah xiv. 9, the
+"nether world," the receptacle of all the dead; not so
+much "hell," a place of punishment, (though even in its
+original derivation from the Saxon or German, " hell"
+should denote a place of concealment — Saxon, hillan or
+hdan; German, liehlen, "to hide," or hohlc ; Saxon, hoU,
+"a cavern,") as "hades," where the good no less than
+the bad go; though in Psalm ix. 18, it means the first.
+Here David speaks, that his soul will not meet the same
+
+
+4 Among the deeds of men did I observe, by
+the word of th}' lips, the paths of the dissolute.
+
+5 My steps held firmly to thy tracks, (and)
+my footsteps did not slip.
+
+6 I call on thee, for thou wilt answer me, O
+God : incline thy ear unto me, hear my speech.
+
+7 Show marvellously thy loving-kindnesses,
+0 thou that savest those who put their trust
+(in thee) from those that rise up (against
+them) by thy right hand.
+
+8 Keep me as the apple of the eye; con-
+ceal me under the shadow of thy wings,
+
+9 From the wicked that despoil me, my
+enemies, who, to take my life,'' compass me
+about.
+
+10 They are inclosed in their own fat:'
+with their mouth they speak proudly.
+
+11 On our steps they now encompass us:
+they direct their eyes to turn aside in the
+land.
+
+12 Every man is just like a lion that is
+greedy to tear his prey, and like a young
+lion lurking in a covert.
+
+13 Arise, 0 Lord, prevent him, cast him
+down ; deliver my soul from the wicked, who"
+is thy sword, —
+
+14 From these men — thy hand — 0 Lord,
+from the men of this world, whose portion is
+in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with
+thy hidden treasure : they have children in
+plent}-, and leave the rest of their substance
+to their babes.
+
+15 As for me. in righteousness shall I be-
+hold thy tace : I shall be satisfied, when I
+awake, with contemplating thy likeness.
+
+PSALM XVIII.
+
+1 ][ To the chief musician, by the servant
+of the Lord, by David, who spoke unto the
+Lord the words of this song on the day that
+
+fate, to end in the grave, and not become corrupt hy de-
+composition. The Kctih has yTon "thy pious ones; the
+Ki^rl, however, the singular, nnt!' is rendered by Sachs
+and others, "pit;" by Sforno, gehiunam, "hell;" but
+in either case it is the same.
+
+" Abcn Ezra, "for after the death of the body thou
+wilt theu let me know the path of life," &c. Philippson,
+"not mere existence, but a perfect happiness."
+
+' Heb. "without lips of deceit."
+
+* This is explained, that the thoughts of the Psalmist cor-
+responded with his words, all within the limits of justice.
+
+'■ Jonathan, "who with wantonness encompass me."
+
+' Rashi, "through their fat they close their heart."
+Philippson, "their fiit increaseth."
+
+" Others, "by the sword:" next verse "by thy hand/'
+
+
+PSALM XVIII.
+
+
+the Lord had delivered him out of the power
+of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saiil ;
+
+2 And he said, I ever love thee, 0 Lord,
+my strength.
+
+3 The Lord is my rock, and my fortress,
+and my deliverer ; my God, my rock, in whom
+I trust; my shield, and the horn of my sal-
+vation, and my high tower.
+
+4 Praised, I cried, be the Lord, and from
+my enemies was I saved.
+
+5 The bonds of death encompassed me,
+and the floods of destruction made me afraid.
+
+6 The bonds of hell encircled me: the
+snares of death seized on me.
+
+7 (When) in my distress I called upon the
+Lord, and unto my God I cried: he heaixl
+from his temple my voice, and my complaint ,
+came before him, even into his ears.
+
+8 Then shook and trembled the earth ; and
+the foundations of tlie mountains were moved ;
+and they were shaken, because he was wroth.
+
+9 Smoke went up in his anger and con-
+suming fire out of his mouth: coals flamed
+forth from him.
+
+10 And he bent the heavens, and came
+down : and thick darkness was under his feet.
+
+11 And he rode upon a cherub, and flew
+along, and he flitted'' by upon the wings of
+the Avind.
+
+12 He made darkness his hiding-place,
+round about him as his pavilion, dark waters,
+thick clouds of the skies.
+
+13 From the brightness before him his
+thick clouds passed away, (with) hail-stones
+and coals of fire.
+
+14 And the Lord thundered in the heavens,
+and the Most High uttered forth his voice,
+(with) hail-stones and coals of fire.
+
+15 And he sent out his arrows, and scat-
+tered them; and he shot forth'' lightnings, and
+discomfited them.
+
+16 And then were seen the channels of
+the waters, and there were laid open the
+ibundations of the world, through thy re-
+buke, 0 Lord, through the blast of the breath
+of thy nostrils.
+
+17 He stretched out from above (his hand),
+he took me; he drew me out from mighty
+waters.
+
+* Here NT1 "he flitted;" in 2 Sam. xxii. nti "he was
+seen," or "appeared." There are other variations which
+will be apparent bj comparing this Psahn with the chap-
+ter quoted.
+720
+
+
+18 He delivered me from my enemy, the
+strong, and from those that hated me, when
+they were too mighty for me.
+
+19 They overcame me on the day of my
+calamity ; but tlie Lord became my stay.
+
+20 And he brought me forth into a large
+space; he delivered me, because he had de-
+light in me.
+
+21 The Lord rewarded me according to
+my righteousness; according to the purity of
+my hands did he recompense me.
+
+22 For I have kept the ways of the Lord,
+and have not wickedly departed from my God.
+
+23 For all his ordinances were before me,
+and his statutes had I not put away from me.
+
+24 I was also upright with him, and I
+guarded myself against my iniquity.
+
+25 Therefore did the Lord recompense me
+according to my righteousness, according to
+the purity of my hands before his eyes.
+
+20 With the kind thou wilt show thyself
+kind ; with the upright man thou wilt show
+thyself upright ;
+
+27 With the pure thou wilt sliow thyself
+pure; and with the perverse thou wilt wage
+a contest.
+
+28 For thou wilt indeed save the afilicted
+people; but haughty eyes wilt thou bring
+down.
+
+29 For thou wilt cause my light to shine :
+the Lord my God will enlighten my darkness.
+
+30 For (aided) by thee I run through a
+troop; and (helped) by my God I leap over
+a wall.
+
+31 As for God, — his way is perfect; the
+word of the Lord is tried : he is a shield to
+all those that trust in him.
+
+32 For who is god save the Lord? or who
+is a rock beside our God?
+
+33 He is the God that girdeth me with
+strength, and rendereth my way unobstructed.
+
+34 He maketh my feet like those of the
+hinds, and upon my high-places he causeth
+me to stand.
+
+35 He teacheth my hands for the war, so
+that a brazen bow is bent by my arms.
+
+36 And thou gavest me the shield of thy
+salvation, and thy right hand supported me:
+and thy meekness" hath made me great.
+
+' Aben Ezra. Jonathan, "lightnings in multitude."
+"Jonathan, "thy word." (See note to 2 Sam. xxil.
+36.) We have followed Rashi here, because the word is
+spelled differently from what it is in Samuel.
+
+
+'f-^:^^
+
+
+f-
+
+
+ki;th am<)X(; thk oleameks.
+
+
+PSALMS XVIII.— XX.
+
+
+37 Thou enlargest ray steps under me, so
+that my joints do not slip.
+
+38 I pursue my enemies, and overtake
+them; and I return not again till I have
+made an end of them.
+
+39 I crush them that they are not able to
+rise : they fall under my feet.
+
+40 For thou hast girded me with strength
+for the war: thou subduest my opponents
+under me.
+
+41 And my enemies thou causest to turn
+their back to me; and those that hate me, —
+that I may destroy them.
+
+42 They cry, but there is none to help;
+unto the Lord, — but he answereth them not.
+
+43 And I beat them small as the dust be-
+Ibre the wind: like tlie dirt in the streets do
+I cast them out.
+
+44 Thou deliverest me from the contests
+of the people; thou appointest me to be the
+head of nations : a people that I know not
+shall serve me.
+
+45 As soon as their ear heareth'' they
+shall be obedient to me: the children of the
+stranger shall utter tlattery unto me.
+
+46 The children of the stranger shall fade
+away, and come forth trembling out of their
+close places.
+
+47 The Lord liveth, and blessed be my
+Rock ; and exalted be the God of my salva-
+tion ;
+
+48 The God that granteth me vengeance,
+and subdueth nations under me;
+
+49 That delivereth me from my enemies:
+also above my opponents thou liftest me up;
+thou deliverest me from the man of violence.
+
+50 Therefore will I give thanks unto thee
+among the nations, 0 Lord, and unto thy
+name will I sing praises, —
+
+51 (To him) that maketh great the salva-
+tion of his king, and who sheweth kindness
+to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for
+ever.
+
+PSALM XIX.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+° Philippson, "Those of wboin I have only heard with
+my ear, the strangers, flatter me."
+
+'' Aben Ezra and Redak; meaning, their admonition
+is without audible words. So also Sachs. Others,
+"There is no speech — without their voice being heard,"
+t'. e. in all that is said the voice of the heavens mingles.
+
+4Q
+
+
+2 The heavens relate the glory of God;
+and the expanse telleth of the works of his
+hands.
+
+3 Day unto day uttereth speech, and night
+unto night showeth knowledge.
+
+4 There is no speech, there are no words,
+their voice is not heard.*
+
+5 (But) their melody extendeth through
+all the earth, and to the end of the world
+their words. For the sun hath he set a taber-
+nacle among them;
+
+6 And he goeth out tis a Ijridegroom from
+his chamber, he is glad like a strong man to
+run his course;
+
+7 From tlie end of the heavens is his
+going forth, and his circuit is unto their
+ends: and there is nothing hidilen I'lom his
+heat"
+
+8 The law of the Lord is perfect, quieting
+the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure,
+making wise the simple.
+
+9 The precepts of the Lord are upright, re-
+joicing the heart : the commandment of the
+Lord is clear, enlightening the eyes.
+
+10 The fear of the Lord is pure, enduring
+for ever : the ordinances of the Lord are the
+truth, they are just altogether.
+
+11 They are those which are to l)e desired
+more than gold, and much fine gold; and
+they are sweeter than honey and the drop-
+ping of honeycomb.
+
+12 Moreover thy servant is admonished
+by them: in keeping them there is great
+reward.
+
+13 Who can guard" against errors? IVnui
+secret* (faults) do thou cleanse me.
+
+14 Also from presumptuous (sins) with-
+hold thy servant; let them not have dominion
+over me: then shall I be blameless, and I
+shall be clear from any great transgression.
+
+15 May the words of my mouth, and the
+meditation of my heart, be acceptable liefore
+thee, 0 Lord, my Rock, and my Redeemer.
+
+PSALM XX.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+
+° Rashi and Aben Ezra. Lit. "who can understand
+errors?" Sachs, "who can remark?" i. e. with all
+man's striving, errors will bo committed unperceived by
+him.
+
+* ('. r. Those unknown, as they were committed unper-
+ceived,
+
+721
+
+
+PSALMS XX.— XXTI.
+
+
+2 May the Lord answer thee on the day
+of distress; may the name of the God of
+Jacob protect thee;
+
+3 May he send thee help from the sanc-
+tuary, and support tliee from Zion ;
+
+4 May he remember all thy meat-oflerings,
+and accept" in favour thy burnt-sacrifice.
+Selah.
+
+5 May he grant thee according to thy own
+heart, and fulfil all thy resolves.
+
+6 We will rejoice in thy salvation, and in
+the name of our God will we upraise our ban-
+ners : may the Lord fulfil all thy petitions.
+
+7 Now I know that the Lord saveth his
+anointed; he will answer him from his holy
+heavens, with the saving strength of his right
+hand.
+
+8 Some (trust) in chariots, and some in
+horses; but we will invoke'' the name of the
+Lord our God.
+
+9 They are prostrate and fallen ; but we
+are risen up and stand erect."
+
+10 0 Lord, save (us) : may the king*" an-
+swer us on the day when we call (on him).
+
+
+PSALM XXL
+
+the chief musician,
+
+
+a psalm of
+
+
+The longing of his heart hast thou given
+
+
+IJ To
+David.
+
+2 O Lord, because of thy strength will the
+king rejoice ; and through thy salvation how
+greatly will he be glad !
+
+o
+him, and the request of his lips hast thou not
+withholden. Selah.
+
+4 For thou meetest him unasked" with the
+blessings of happiness: thou settest on his
+head a crown of pure gold.
+
+5 Life hath he asked of thee, thou gavest
+it to him, length of days for ever and
+ever.
+
+G Great is his honour through thy help:
+glory and majesty thou layest upon him.
+7 For thou appointest him to be a bless-
+
+
+" njB'T from jtyT "fat;" hence, "worthy of accept-
+ance," as a leau, sickly gift is unworthy God's acceptance.
+
+"^ llashi, "tdij means, bringing incense and prayer; as
+in Isa. Ixvi. 3;" hence, it has been rendered elsewhere,
+"coufido in." Lit. "make mention."
+
+° Rashi, "we shall prevail over them." Aben Ezra,
+" we shall be exalted, or lifted up."
+
+'' Septuagint and others translate, " 0 Lord ! .save the
+king; may he hear us, &c.;" but the above is according
+to the Mas.soretic text, Jonathan, "O powerful King,
+Wfcept our prayer," &c,
+
+
+and their seed from among
+
+
+ing for ever : thou makest him glad with joy
+from"^ thy presence.
+
+8 For the king trusteth in the Lord; and
+through the kindness of the Most High shall
+he not be moved.
+
+9 Thy hand will reach all thy enemies:
+thy right hand will reach those that hate
+thee.
+
+10 Thou wilt render them as a fiery oven
+at the time of thy anger: the Lord in his
+wrath will destroy them, and a fire will de-
+vour them.
+
+11 Their fruit wilt thou cause to perish
+from the earth
+the children of men
+
+12 For they directed against thee evil:
+they devised a mischievous purpose, which
+they were not able to perform.
+
+13 For thou wilt make them turn their
+back;^ upon thy bow-strings thou wilt make
+ready (thy arrows) against their face.*"
+
+14 Exalt thyself, O Lord, in thy strength;
+(and) we will sing and praise thy power.
+
+PSALM XXII.
+
+1 To the chief musician upon Ayeleth-
+hashachar,' a psalm of David.
+
+2 My God, my God, why hast thou for-
+saken me? why art thou so far from saving
+me, and from the words of my loud com-
+plaint?
+
+3 0 my God! I call in the day-time, but
+thou answerest not; and in the night I find
+no rest.*
+
+4 But thou art holy, 0 thou that dwellest
+amidst the praises of Israel.
+
+5 In thee did our fathers trust: they trustr
+ed, and thou didst deliver them.
+
+6 Unto thee they cried, and were deliver-
+ed : in thee they trusted, and were not put to
+shame.
+
+7 But I am a worm, and not a man, a re-
+proach of men, and despised of people.
+
+
+° Rashi. ' Jonathan. Others, "before thy face."
+
+' Rashi, "thou wilt give them as a portion (to thy peo-
+ple)." Redak, "thou wilt set them up as a mark on
+one side."
+
+'■ Sachs, "thou wilt take aim with thy bow-strings
+against their face."
+
+' This is supposed by some to mean a particular well-
+known tune, commencing "The hind of the morning-
+dawn ;" others, an instrument, &c.
+
+"Lit. "there is no silence to me." Jlendelssobn,
+"nothing allajfoth my grief," or "paiu."
+
+
+PSALMS XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+8 All those who see me laugh me to scorn :
+they draw open their lips, they shake their
+head, (saying.)
+
+9 "Let him throw* himself on the Lord,
+that he may deliver him : he will save him,
+for he delighteth in him."
+
+10 Yea, thou art he that took me from the
+womb : thou hast been my trust when I hung
+on my mother's breasts.
+
+11 Upon thee was I cast from my birth:
+from my mother's womb art thou my God.
+
+12 Oh be not far from me (now) ; for dis-
+tress is near; for there is none to help.
+
+13 Many steers have encompassed me:
+the strong bulls of Bashan have beset me
+round.
+
+14 They have opened wide against me
+their mouth, (as) a ravenous and roaring
+lion.
+
+15 Like water am I poured out, and all
+my bones are disjointed : my heart is become
+like wax, it is melted in the midst of my
+entrails.
+
+16 Like a potsherd is my strength dried
+up; and my tongue cleaveth to my palate ;■"
+and into the dust of death hast thou laid me
+down.
+
+17 For dogs have encompassed me; the
+assembly of the wicked have enclosed me:
+like lions (they threaten) my hands and my
+feet."
+
+18 I may number all my bones: (while)
+they stare and look upon me.
+
+19 They divide my clothes among them-
+selves, and for my garment do they cast
+lots.
+
+20 But thou, 0 Lord, be not far from me :
+
+0 (thou who art) my strength, hasten to my
+aid.
+
+21 Deliver from the sword my life, from
+the power of the dog my solitary soul.
+
+22 Save me from the lion's mouth; as
+thou hast answered me from the horns of the
+reem.''
+
+2.3 I will relate thy name unto my bre-
+ren : in the
+
+1 praise thee.
+~ — - — . i
+
+• Lit. "roll," meaning, as Kashi comments, "his bur-
+den." Aben Ezra, "his words." Redak, " hi.s prayer."
+But the sense is all the same as in the text.
+
+" Rashi, "teeth."
+
+° Aben Ezra, "the hands with which a man fighteth,
+and the feet with which he escapeth." Philippson es-
+
+
+thren : in the midst of the congregation will
+
+
+24 Ye that tear the Lord, praise him; all
+ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him ; and be in
+dread of him. all ye the seed of Israel.
+
+25 For he hath not despised nor abhorred
+the affliction of the poor; neither hath he
+hidden his face from him ; but when he cried
+unto him, he heard.
+
+26 Of thee shall be my praise. in a great
+assembly : my vows will I pay in the pre-
+sence of those who fear him.
+
+27 The meek shall eat and be satisfied;
+they who seek him shall praise the Lord :
+may your heart live tor ever.
+
+28 All the ends of the world shall remem-
+ber and return unto the Lord: and all the
+families of the nations shall bow themselves
+down before thee.
+
+29 For the kingdom is the Lord's, and he
+goverueth the nations.
+
+30 All they that eat the fat of the earth
+shall bow themselves down ; before him shall
+bend the knee all that are going down into
+!?he dust ; for none can keep alive his own
+soul."
+
+31 Distant ages shall serve him; there
+shall be related of the Lord unto future gene-
+rations.
+
+32 They will come, and will tell his right-
+eousness unto a people yet unborn, that*^ he
+hath done this.
+
+PSALM XXIII.
+
+1 T[ A psalm of David. The Lord is my
+shepherd, I shall not want.
+
+2 In pastures of tender grass he cau.seth
+me to lie down : beside still Avaters he lead-
+eth me.
+
+3 My soul he refresheth : he guideth me in
+the tracks of righteousness for the sake of his
+name.
+
+4 Yea, though I walk through the valley
+of the shadow of death, I will not fear evil ;
+for thou art with me : thy rod and thy staff
+— they indeed comfort me.
+
+5 Thou preparest before me a table in the
+presence of my assailants ; thou anointest with
+oil my head: my cup overfloweth.
+
+plains, "Like the lions they enclose him that he canuut
+escape farther nor contend against them."
+
+^ It is not possible to determine what animal is meant.
+Philippson, "buffalo."
+
+° Sachs, "and he that cannot keep himself alive."
+
+' Philippson, "for"
+
+723
+
+
+PSALMS XXIII.— XXV.
+
+
+6 Surely, only goodness and kindness shall
+follow me all the days of my life : and I shall
+dwell"' in the house of the Lord to the utmost
+length of days.
+
+PSALM XXIV.
+
+1 ^ Of David a psalm. Unto the Lord
+belongeth the earth with what filleth it, the
+world and they that dwell therein ;
+
+2 For upon seas hath he founded it, and
+upon rivers hath he established it.
+
+3 Who shall ascend into the mountain of
+the Lord ? and who shall be able to stand in
+his holy place?
+
+4 He that is clean of hands, and pure of
+heart; who hath not lifted up his souP unto
+f;ilsehood, and hath not sworn deceitfully :
+
+5 He shall bear away blessing from the
+Lord, and (the reward of) righteousness from
+the God of his salvation.
+
+6 This is the generation of those that adore
+him, that seek thy presence, (the sons of)"
+Jacob. Selah.
+
+7 Kaise your heads, 0 ye gates; and be
+raised wide, ye everlasting doors: and let the
+King of glory enter!
+
+8 Who is* this King of glory ? The Lord
+strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle.
+
+9 Raise your heads, 0 ye gates; and raise
+(them) up, ye everlasting doors: and let the
+King of glory enter!
+
+10 Who is then this King of glory? The
+Lord of hosts, he is the King of glory. Se-
+lah.
+
+PSALM XXV.''
+
+1 T[ Of David. Unto thee, 0 Lord, do I
+lift up my soul.
+
+2 0 my God, in thee do I trust, let me
+not be ashamed, let not my enemies triumph
+over me.
+
+.3 Yea, none that wait on thee will be put
+to shame: let those be put to shame who
+deal treacherously without cause.
+
+' Mendelssohn, "I shall once have rest to eternity in
+the house of the Eterniil ;" hope of immortality.
+
+' I have followed all the modern versions in translating
+according to the Ketih, which Redak also notices, and
+likewise Jonathan, iBf-jj "his soul." But the Keri is
+■tyijj "my soul," and this would require to he rendered,
+" and pronounceth not falsely my own self," i. e. God.
+The phrase of "swearing by God's soul," or "himself,"
+is found in 'Amos vi. S, (which see).
+
+'Lit. ".Inciib." Some supply "God of," "who seek
+
+
+4 Show me, 0 Lord, thy ways; teach me
+thy paths.
+
+5 Lead me in thy truth, and teach me; for
+thou art the God of my salvation : on thee
+do I wait all the day.
+
+6 Remember thy mercies, 0 Lord, and
+thy kindnesses; for they are from everlast-
+ing.
+
+7 The sins of my youth and my transgres-
+sions do not remember: according to thy
+kindness bear thou me in remembrance, for
+the sake of thy goodness, 0 Lord.
+
+8 Good and upright is the Lord : therefore
+he pointeth out to sinners the right way.
+
+9 He guideth the meek in justice, and he
+teacheth the meek his way.
+
+10 All the paths of the Lord are kindness
+and truth unto such as keep his covenant
+and his testimonies.
+
+11 For the sake of thy name, 0 Lord, par-
+don my iniquity : although it is great.
+
+12 Who is that man who feareth the Lord?
+to him will he point out the way which he is
+to choose?
+
+13 His soul shall abide*' in happiness; and
+his seed shall inherit the land.
+
+14 The secret counsel of the Lord is for
+those that fear him, and his covenant — to
+make it known to them.
+
+15 My eyes are ever (directed) toward the
+Lord; for lie will draw out of the net my
+feet.
+
+16 Turn unto me, and be gracious unto
+me; for I am solitary and afflicted.
+
+17 The distresses of my heart are enlarged :
+0 l)ring thou me out of my afflictions.
+
+18 I^ook on my misery and my trouble ;
+and forgive all my sins.
+
+19 Look at my enemies; for they are
+many; and they hate me with the hatred of
+violence.^
+
+20 Oh guard my soul, and deliver me : let
+me not be put to shame; for I put my trust
+in thee.
+
+
+thy presence, 0 God of Jacob." But Aben Ezra and
+Redak take Jacob as standing for the entire people;
+meaning, the true Israelites are those who are true
+seekers of God.
+
+^ This Psalm is alphabetically arranged, only that a,
+1 and p are omitted.
+
+" Rashi, "his soul abideth in happiness when he resteth
+in the grave;" because pS means "to lodge," "to spend
+the night."
+i ' (', <". Unjustly; it is sprung from wmng causes,
+
+
+PSALMS XXV.— XXVIII.
+
+
+21 Let integrity- and uprightness guard
+iiic; for 1 wait on thee.
+
+22 Redeem, 0 God, Israel out of all his
+distresses.
+
+PSALM XXVL
+
+1 ^1 Of David. Judge me, 0 Lord; for I
+have indeed walked in my integrity : and in
+the Lord have I trusted; I shall not slip.
+
+2 Try me, O Lord, and prove me; purify
+my reins and nn' heart.
+
+3 For thy kindness is before my eyes ; and
+I have walked in thy truth.
+
+4 I have not sat with men of falsehood,
+and with dissemblers will I not enter (in
+communion).
+
+5 I have hated the assemblage of evil-
+doers; and with the wicked will I not sit.
+
+6 I will wash in innocency my hands, and
+I will compass thy altar, 0 Lord:
+
+7 That I may publish with a loud voice
+(my) thanksgiving, and relate all thy won-
+drous deeds.
+
+8 Lord, I love the site of thy house, and
+the place where thy glory dwelleth.
+
+9 Take not away with sinners my soul,
+nor with men of blood my life ;
+
+10 In whose hands are wicked devices, and
+whose right hand is full of bribes.
+
+11 But as for me, I will walk in my in-
+tegrity : redeem me, and be gracious unto me.
+
+12 My foot standeth on an even place: in
+assemblies will I bless the Lord.
+
+PSALM XXVII.
+
+1 ^ Of David. The Lord is my light and
+my salvation; of whom shall I be afraid? the
+Lord is the fortress of my life; of whom
+shall I have dread?
+
+2 When evil-doers come near against me
+to eat up my flesh, my assailants and my
+enemies at me : then do they stumble and fall.
+
+3 If an army should encamp against me,
+my heart shall not fear : if war should arise
+against me, even then" will I have trust.
+
+4 One thing have I asked of the Lord,
+that will I seek for : that I may dwell in the
+
+
+' Rashi, "in this," meaning what is said above, "the
+Lord is ray strength," &c.
+
+" Diinash, quoted by Rashi, and Aben Ezra. Me-
+nachem, "to make inquiry;" hence, Sachs, "to inquire
+(for him) in his temple." Herxheimer, "to contem-
+plate." Philippson, "to look about in," &c.
+
+
+house of the Lord all the days of my life, to
+behold the loveliness of the Lord, and to be
+every morning early*" in his temple.
+
+5 For he will hide me in his pavilion on
+the day of evil ; he will conceal me in the
+secret of his tabernacle; upon a rock will
+he place me high.
+
+6 And now will my head be lifted up
+above my enemies all round about me; and
+I will sacrifice in his tabernacle sacrifices of
+joy :'■ I will sing, and I will triumphantly
+play unto the Lord.
+
+7 Hear, 0 Lord, my voice, (when) I call,
+and be gracious unto me, and answer me.
+
+8 Of thee,'' said my heart, " Seek ye my
+presence:" thy presence. Lord, will I seek.
+
+9 Hide (then) nut thy fiice from me; re-
+ject not in anger thy servant, thou (who)
+hast been my help: cast me not off, nor for-
+sake me, 0 God of my salvation.
+
+10 For my father and my mother have
+forsaken me; but the Lord will take me up.
+
+11 Point me out thy way, 0 Lord! and
+guide me on a level path, because of those
+that regard me enviously.
+
+12 Give me not up to the (revengeful) de-
+sire of my assailants; for there are risen up
+against me false witnesses, and such as utter
+violence.
+
+13 Unless I had believed to see the good-
+ness of the Lord in the land of life — "
+
+14 Wait on the Lord; be strong, and let
+thy heart be of good courage ; and only wait
+on the Lord.
+
+PSALM XXVIII.
+
+1 Tl Of David. Unto thee, 0 Lord, will
+I call; 0 my rock, turn not unheeding from
+me: lest thou turn away silent from me,
+and I become like those that go down into
+the pit.
+
+2 Hear the voice of my supplications, when
+I cry unto thee, when I lift up my hands
+toward the most holy place of thy sanc-
+tuary.
+
+3 Snatch me not away with the wicked,
+and with the workers of injustice, who speak
+
+° Heb. "shouting." Rashi, "whereby they sing hymns."
+'' Rashi, "By thy message said my heart to me, Seek
+
+ye, all Israel, ray presence, and I obey it, and I seek thy
+
+presence, 0 Lord "
+
+' We must supply, " then had I perished." But the
+
+P.salmist speaks as though he feared to utter all he felt.
+
+725
+
+
+PSALMS XXVIIT— XXX.
+
+
+peace with their neighbours, with mischief in
+their heart.
+
+4 Give unto them according to their doing,
+and according to tlie evil of their deeds; ac-
+cording to the work of their hands do thou
+give unto them: bestow their (just) recoin-
+jjense on them.
+
+5 Because they have no regard for the do-
+ings of the Lord, nor the works of liis hands :
+may he pull them down, and not build them
+up.
+
+6 Blessed be the Lord, because he hath
+heard the voice of my supplications.
+
+7 The Lord is my strength and my shield;
+in him hath my heart trusted, and I am help-
+ed, and my heart exulteth; and with my
+song will I thank him.
+
+8 The Lord is strength unto them," and he
+is the fortress of victory'' of his anointed.
+
+9 Help thy people, and bless thy heritage :
+and feed them, and exalt them unto all eter-
+nity.
+
+PSALM XXIX.
+
+1 ^ A psalm of David. Ascribe unto the
+Lord, 0 ye sons of the mighty,'' ascribe unto
+the Lord glory and strength.
+
+2 Ascribe unto the Lord the glory of his
+name; bow down to the Lord in the beauty
+of holiness.*
+
+3 The voice of the Lord is upon the
+waters; the God of glory thundereth, the
+Lord — upon mighty waters.
+
+4 The voice of the Lord (resoundeth) with
+power; the voice of the Lord (resoundeth)
+with majesty.
+
+5 The voice of the Lord breaketh in
+pieces the cedars; yea, the Lord shivereth
+the cedars of Lebanon ;
+
+6 And he maketh them skip like a calf;
+Lebanon and Siryon like young reems.
+
+7 The voice of the Lord heweth out flames
+of fire.
+
+8 The voice of the Lord shaketh the wil-
+derness; the Lord shaketh the wilderness of
+Kadesh.
+
+* i. e. All the people of God who trust in him.
+
+'' Sachs. ^^•J^VI^ is frequently found as meaning victory,
+or the overcoming of difficulties; and salvation is in effect
+the same, the ultimate release from the evil.
+
+" Rashi. /. c. chiefs, or princes. Sforno, "sons of
+Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." Jonathan, "angels."
+
+■^ Others, "in holy ornament;" or the priestly gar-
+ments.
+
+7-'J
+
+
+9 The voice of the Lord causeth the hinds
+to start,' and maketh bare forests : and in his
+temple every thing speaketh (of his) glory.
+
+10 The Lord sat (enthroned) at the flood;
+and the Lord will sit as King for ever.
+
+11 The Lord will give strength unto his
+people; the Lord will bless his people with
+peace.
+
+PSALM XXX.
+
+1 T[ A psalm, a song at the dedication
+of the temple,*^ of David.
+
+2 I will extol thee, 0 Lord; for thou hast
+lifted*^ me up, and hast not suffered my ene-
+mies to rejoice over me.
+
+.3 0 Lord my God, I cried loudly unto
+thee, and thou hast healed me.
+
+4 0 Lord, thou hast brought up from the
+nether world my soul: thou hast kept me
+alive, that F should not go down to the pit.
+
+5 Sing unto the Lord, 0 ye his pious ones,
+and give thanks to the memorial' of his holi-
+ness.
+
+6 For his anger is momentary, (but) life is
+in his fixvour: in the evening (cometh) weep-
+ing to stay for a night, but in the morning
+there is joyful song.
+
+7 And I had said indeed in my prosperity,
+I shall never be moved.
+
+8 Lord, by thy favour hadst thou caused
+my mountain to stand in strength : thou didst
+hide thy face, (and) I was terrified.
+
+9 Unto thee, 0 Lord, Avill I call; and unto
+the Lord will I make supplication.
+
+10 What profit is there in my blood, when
+I go down to the grave? Shall the dust
+thank thee? shall it announce thy truth?
+
+11 Hear, 0 Lord, and be gracious unto
+me : Lord, be thou a helper unto me.
+
+12 Thou hast changed my mourning into
+dancing for me; thou hast loosened my sack-
+cloth, and girded me witli joy:
+
+13 To the end that my glorious souP may
+sing praise to thee, and never be silent. 0
+Lord my God, for ever will I give thanks
+unto thee.
+
+
+" Mendelssohn. Aben Ezra, "causeth the hinds to
+calve," or "to be in pain." ' Rashi.
+
+* Lit. "drawn me up," i. e. from trouble.
+
+'' The iTe^'i would require, "thou hast given me lite
+from among those who go down to the pit." So Philipp-
+son and Sforno.
+
+' Mendelssohn, "his holy name."
+
+'' Redak. Others, "th:it honourable praise may sing
+
+
+PSALMS XXXI. XXXII.
+
+
+PSALM XXXI.
+
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+2 In thee, 0 Lord, do I put my trust; Oh
+that I may never be put to shame : through
+thy righteousness do thou release me.
+
+3 Bend unto me thy ear; speedily deliver
+me: be thou unto me as a rock of protection,
+as a mountain strong-hold" to save me.
+
+4 For my rock and my strong-hold art
+thou; and for the sake of thy name lead
+me, and guide me.
+
+5 Draw me out of the net which they have
+laid secretly for me; for thou art ni}' pro-
+tection.
+
+6 Into thy hand do I commit my spirit:
+thou redeemest me, 0 Lord, the God of truth.
+
+7 I hate those that depend on laying vani-
+ties; but I trust indeed in the Lord.
+
+8 I will be glad and rejoice in thy kind-
+ness; because thou hast seen my misery;
+thou hast taken cognizance of the distresses
+of my soul ;
+
+9 And thou hast not suri'endered me into
+the hand of the enemy : thou hast caused my
+feet to stand on an ample space.
+
+10 Be gracious unto me, 0 Lord, for I am
+in distress; my eye is consumed through
+vexation — my soul (too) and my body.
+
+11 For my life is spent with sorrow, and
+my years with sighing: my strength faileth
+because of my iniquity, and my bones are
+consumed.
+
+12 Because of all my assailants am I be-
+come a reproach, and unto my neighbours
+greatly so, and a terror to my acquaintance,
+those that see me abroad flee away from me.
+
+13 I am forgotten <as a dead man out of
+the heart: I am become like a perishable
+vessel.
+
+14 For I have heard the slandering of
+many; terror was on every side, while they
+took counsel together against me: to take
+away my life did they purpose.
+
+
+unto thee." Jonathan, "that the honourable of the
+world," &c. ('. e. the princes. So also Aben Ezra.
+
+' Sachs, after Aben Ezra, &c. Lit. "a house of strong-
+hold."
+
+'' Lit. "times;" here, what occurs in them. Rashi,
+"the times that pass are through thy will and decrees."
+
+' Others, "fortified city." Herxheimcr, "as in," &c.
+
+•* Lit. "in my haste," ;'. e. " that brought about by trou-
+ble."
+
+
+15 But I trusted well in thee, 0 Lord: I
+said, Thou art my God.
+
+16 In thy hand are my destinies:'' deliver
+me from the hand of my enemies, and from
+my persecutors.
+
+17 Let thy face shine upon thy servant:
+save me through thy kindness.
+
+18 0 Lord, let me not be put to shame;
+for I have called on thee : let the wicked be
+put to shame, let them be silent, (passing) to
+the nether world.
+
+19 Let the lying lips be made dumb,
+which speak hard things against the right-
+eous, with pride and contempt.
+
+20 Oh how great is thy goodness, which
+thou hast treasured up for those that fear
+thee; which thou hast wrought for those that
+trust in thee before the .sons of men I
+
+21 Thou wilt conceal them in the secret
+of thy presence from the conspiracy of men :
+thou wilt keep them secretly in a pavilion
+from the strife of tongues.
+
+22 Blessed be the Lord; for he hath shown
+me his kindness wonderfully in a beleaguered"
+city.
+
+23 And yet had I said in my despondency,''
+I am cut off from before thy eyes : neverthe-
+less thou didst hear the voice of my supplica^
+tions when I cried loudly unto thee.
+
+24 Oh love the Lord, all ye his pious ones:
+the Lord prcserveth the faithful, and recom-
+penses the presumption' of him that acteth
+proudly.
+
+25 Be strong, and let your heart be of
+good courage, all ye that hope in the Lord.
+
+. PSALM XXXIL
+
+1 ][ Of David: a Maskil.'' Happy is he
+whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is
+covered (by repentance) .''
+
+2 Happy is the man unto whom the Lord
+imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit
+there is no guile.
+
+3 When I kept silence,** my bones wasted
+away through my crying all th% day.
+
+' Rashi. Philippson, "the Lord prcservcth faithful-
+ness and recompenseth abundantly the proud."
+
+' Philippson, " a didactic poem ;" a psalm in which
+something is taught. But all the superscriptions of the
+Psalms are rather uncertain in their meaning, wherefore
+they are left untranslated.
+
+* Joel Briel. Philippson and Herxheimer, "par-
+doned."
+
+'' Rashi, "when I eonfes.sed not my transgression."
+
+
+PSALMS XXXTi— XXXTT.
+
+
+4 For by d.ay and night lay thy hand
+lieavily upon me: my (life's) moisture hath
+been changed througli the droughts of sum-
+mer. Sehah.
+
+5 My sin do I ever acknowledge unto
+thee, and my iniquity have I not covered
+up. I said, I will make confession because
+of my transgressions unto the Lord: and
+thou truly forgavest the iniquity of my sin.
+Selah.
+
+6 For this shall every pious one pray unto
+thee in a time when thou mayest be found:
+surely (then) when great waters overflow,
+they shall never reach unto him.
+
+7 Thou art my liiding-place ; from distress
+wilt thou preserve me; with songs of de-
+liverance wilt thou encompass me. Selah.
+
+8 I will instruct thee and I will teach
+thee concerning the way which thou oughtest
+to go: I will counsel" thee with my eye.
+
+9 Be ye not like the horse, or like the
+mule, who hath no understanding; who
+must be held in with bit and bridle, his orna-
+ment,'' lest he come near unto thee.
+
+10 Man}- are the pains of the wicked; but
+him that trusteth in the Lord will he en-
+compass with kindness.
+
+11 Rejoice in the Lord, and be glad, ye
+righteous : and shout for joy, all 3'e that are
+upright in heart.
+
+PSALM XXXIII.
+
+1 ^ Be joyful, 0 ye righteous, in the Lord;
+(for) unto the righteous praise is comely.
+
+2 Give thanks unto the Lord with the
+harp: with the ten-stringed psaltery do ye
+sing (praises) unto him.
+
+3 Sing unto him a new song; play beauti-
+fully amidst a triumphant shout.
+
+4 For the word of the Lord is upright;
+and all his works (are done) in truth.
+
+T) He loveth righteousness and justice : the
+earth is full of the kindness of the Lord.
+
+6 By the word of the Lord were the hea-
+vens made; asud by the breath of his mouth
+all their host.
+
+7 He gathereth together like heaps the
+
+
+" Rashi. lledak, "concerning what I have seen with
+my eyes." Jonathan, " I will counsel thee and direct my
+eye upon thee."
+
+'' Ahen fjzra understands vip to moan "the jaws," or
+" mouth," " those whose mouth must be held iu." The last
+part of till" verse is given by Philippson, "else he cometh
+7:i8
+
+
+waters of the sea: he layeth up in store-
+houses the depths (of the sea).
+
+8 Let all the earth fear the Lord : of him
+stand in awe all the inhabitants of the world.
+
+9 For he spoke, and it came into being:
+he commanded, and it stood fast.
+
+10 The Lord frustrateth the resolves of
+the nations: he bringeth to nought the
+thoughts of the people.
+
+11 The counsel of the Lord will stand for
+ever, the thoughts of his heart from genera-
+tion to generation.
+
+12 Happy is the nation whose God is the
+Lord, the people whom he hath chosen for
+himself as a heritage
+
+13 The Lord looketh from heaven; he
+seeth all the sons of men.
+
+14 From the place of his habitation he
+directeth his view upon all the inhabitants
+of the earth ;
+
+15 He fashioneth their hearts altogether;
+he hath regard to all their works.
+
+16 The king is not saved by the multitude
+of an army : a mighty man is not delivered
+by much strength.
+
+17 Vain is the horse for victory: nor
+shall he deliver any by the greatness of his
+strength.
+
+18 Behold, the eye of the Lord is upon
+those that fear him, upon those that hope for
+his kindness,
+
+19 To deliver from death their soul, and
+to keep them alive in famine.
+
+20 Our soul waiteth for the Lord: our
+help and our shield is he.
+
+21 For in him shall our heart rejoice; be-
+cause in his holy name have we trusted.
+
+22 Let thy kindness, 0 Lord, be upon us,
+even as we hope in thee.
+
+PSALM XXXIV.
+
+1 ][ By David, when he disguised his
+reason before Abimelech," who drove him
+away, and he departed.
+
+2 I will bless the Lord at all times: con-
+tinually shall his praise be in my mouth.
+
+3 My soul shall make her boast in the
+
+not nigh," &c., meaning only through restraint are the
+horse and mule subjected to man.
+
+" In 1 Sam. xxi. 14, this king is called Achtsh; no doubt
+but that Abimelech (King's Father) was the usual appella-
+tion of all Philistine kings, as those of Egypt were called
+IViaraoh.
+
+
+PSALMS XXXIV. XXXV.
+
+
+Lord: the hmnble shall hear it, and be re-
+joiced.
+
+4 Oh magnify the Lord with me, and let us
+exalt his name together.
+
+5 I sought the Lord, and he answered me,
+and from all that T dreaded did he deliver
+me.
+
+6 Thej' (who) looked unto him, were in-
+deed enlightened, and their faces were not
+put to the blush.
+
+7 This poor man cried, and the Lord
+heard him, and out of all his distresses did
+he save him.
+
+8 The angel of the Lord encampeth round
+about those who fear him, and delivereth
+them.
+
+9 Experience" and see that the Lord is
+good : happy is the man tliat trusteth in
+him.
+
+10 Oh fear the Lord, ye his saints; for
+there is no want to those who fear him.
+
+11 The young lions do lack, and suffer
+hunger; but those who seek the Lord shall
+not want any good.
+
+12 Come, ye children, hearken unto me:
+the fear of the Lord will I teach you.
+
+13 Who is the man that desireth life, loveth
+(many) days, that he may see happiness?
+
+14 Guard thy tongue fi'om evil, and thy
+lips from speaking deceit.
+
+15 Depart from evil, and do good; seek
+peace, and pursue it.
+
+16 The eyes of the Lord are directed unto
+the righteous, and his ears unto their cry.
+
+17 (But) the anger of the Lord is against
+those that do evil, to cut off from the earth
+their remembrance.
+
+18 Those cry, and the Lord heareth,
+and from all their distresses he delivereth
+them.
+
+19 The Lord is nigh unto those that are
+broken-hearted; and he saveth those that
+are of a contrite spirit.
+
+'* 20 Many are the afflictions of the right-
+eous; but out of them all the Lord ever de-
+livereth him.
+
+* Lit. " taste," i. e. tn know by experiment.
+
+^ Sforno, "one evil that overcometh hira will be enough
+to slay the wicked." Rashi, "the evil the wicked doth
+will slay him." Redak, "the evil lie deviseth against
+the righteous," &c. Others, simply, "misfortune" or
+" evil" in general.
+
+"Rashi. Lit. "lock against;" some give, "stop the
+way."
+
+4 R
+
+
+21 He watcheth all his bones: not one of
+them is broken.
+
+22 The eviP will slay the wicked : and
+they who hate the righteous shall incur
+guiltiness.
+
+23 The Lord redeemeth the soul of his
+servants : and all that trust in him shall not
+incur guiltiness.
+
+PSALM XXXV.
+
+1 ][ Of David. Contend, 0 Lord, with
+those that contend with me: fight against
+those that fight against me.
+
+2 Take hold of shield and buckler, and
+rise up for my help.
+
+3 And draw out the spear, and step in
+against" my pursuers : say unto my soul, I am
+thy salvation.
+
+4 Let those be put to shame and be con-
+founded that seek after my life:'' let those
+be turned backward and be made to blush,
+that devise unhappiness for me.
+
+5 Let them be as chaff before the wind ;
+and may the angel of the Lord cast them
+forth.
+
+6 May their way be dark and slippery;
+and may the angel of the Lord pursue them.
+
+7 For without cause have they hidden for
+me their net"' in a pit, without cause have
+they dug (pit-falls) against my life.
+
+8 May then destruction come upon each of
+them at unawares ; and may his net that he
+hath hidden catch himself: in (utter) de-
+struction let him fall therein.
+
+9 But my soul shall exult in the Lord : she
+shall be glad through his salvation.
+
+10 All my bones will say. Lord, who is
+like unto thee, who deliverest the poor from
+him that is too strong for him, yea, the poor
+and the needy from him that robbeth him?
+
+11 There rise up witnesses of violence;
+concerning what I know not they question
+me.'
+
+12 They recompense me with evil in place
+of good, (bringing) bereavement^ on my soul.
+
+13 But as for me, when they were sick,
+
+" Lit. "soul."
+
+' Philippson, "nets of destruction." Herxheimer,
+"net-pits," ( e. pits covered over with a net, as used by
+hunters to catch wild animals.
+
+' When confronted with him, they put questions to
+him, as though he were guilty and they spoke the truth.
+
+» Meaning, causing him to be forsaken by all by their
+
+slanders.
+
+729
+
+
+PSALMS XXXV. XXXVI.
+
+
+my clothing was sackcloth : I afflicted with [
+fasting mj soul, and my prayer returned '
+into my own bosom."
+
+14 As though he had been to me a friend
+or a brother did I walk about: as one that
+mourneth for a mother did I sorrowfully
+bend down my head. '
+
+15 But in my downfall they rejoiced,
+and gathered themselves together; there
+gathered themselves together against me
+abject wretches, whom I knew not; they
+did tear me, and ceased not :
+
+16 With hypocritical bal^bling'' mockers,
+they gnashed upon me with their teeth.
+
+17 0 Lord, how long wilt thou look on?
+rescue my soul from their destructions, from
+the young lions my .solitary spirit.
+
+18 I will thank thee in the great as.sembly :
+among a mighty people will I praise thee.
+
+19 Let not rejoice over me those that are
+my enemies wrongfully : (nor) let those who
+hate me without cause wink with the eye.
+
+20 For they speak not peace; but against
+the quiet in the land they dexise deceitful
+words.
+
+21 Yea, they opened wide against me their
+mouth; they said, Aha, aha, our eye hath
+seen it.
+
+22 Thou hast seen it, 0 Lord! remain not
+silent: 0 Lord, be not far from me.
+
+2-3 Arouse thyself, and awake to do me
+justice, my God and my Lord, unto my
+cause.
+
+24 Judge me according to thy righteous-
+ness, 0 Lord my God; and let them not re-
+joice over me.
+
+25 Let them not say in their heart. Aha,
+(this is the wish of) our soul : let them not
+say. We have swallowed liim up.
+
+26 Let those be made ashamed and put to
+the blush together that rejoice at my mishap :
+let them be clothed with shame and confusion
+that magnify themselves above me.
+
+
+27 Let those shout, and rejoice, that desire
+my righteousness:" yea, let them say con-
+tiiiually, Great is the Lord, who desireth the
+welfare of his servant.
+
+28 And my tongue shall speak of thy
+righteousness, all the day of thy praise.
+
+PSALM XXXVI.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by the servant
+of the Lord, by David.
+
+2 Saith vice itself'' to the wicked — so I
+feel it within my heart — that he should have
+no dread of God before his eyes.
+
+3 For he flattereth himself in his own
+eyes (too much) to find out' his iniquity to
+hate it.
+
+4 The words of his mouth are wickedness
+and deceit : he hath left off to be wise, to do
+good.
+
+5 He deviseth wickedness upon his couch ;
+he placeth himself on a way that is not good;
+evil he despiseth not.
+
+6 0 Lord, into the heavens reacheth thy
+kindness, thy faithfulness even into the skies.
+
+7 Thy righteousness is like the mountains
+of God; thy acts of justice like the great
+deep: man and beast dost thou ever help, 0
+Lord.
+
+8 How precious is thy kindness, 0 God!
+And the children of men that seek shelter
+under the shadow of thy wings, —
+
+9 These will be abundantly satisfied Avith
+the fatness of thy house; and of the stream
+of thy delights wilt thou give them to drink.
+
+10 For with thee is the source of life: in
+thy light shall we see light.
+
+11 Draw down continuously thy kindness
+unto those that acknowledge thee; and thy
+righteousness to the upright in heart.
+
+12 Let not come against me the foot of
+pride, and let not the hand of the wicked
+chase me off.
+
+13 There are fallen the workers of wick-
+
+
+° Sforno, "and my prayer for thi>in retunicd to my bi
+som, because it was without deceit." Aben Ezra, " May
+God give me according to ni}- prayer what I have asked
+for them."
+
+'' Redak, taking :ii'a as "babbling, heedless talk."
+Philippson, "cake," or "broad," (1 Kings xvii. 12,)
+"mockers for bread;" those wretches who will do any
+thing to get a bit of bread, even to insult the great and
+innocent when in trouble.
+
+° i. e. That he be delivered, and proved just.
+
+'' -Mendelssohn, after Rashi. ;'t5'3, not here transgres-
+730
+
+
+sion or a single act, but the habit, vice. Philippson
+divides the verse, the first applying to the thoughts of
+the wicked, the other to David : thus, "The words of vice
+to the wicked are within my heart," so says the wicked,
+as explaining his act, as vice is his principle and mo-
+tive; and then adds David, "no dread of the Lord is be-
+fore his eyes."
+
+' Philippson. Jonathan, nearly so, "to find ini(|uity,
+to hate instruction." Rashi, "so that God may find his
+iniquity to hate him." Ilcrxheimer, "to accomplish his
+iniquity, to hate."
+
+
+PSALMS xxxvi. xxxvn.
+
+
+edness: they are thrust down, and shall not
+be able to rise.
+
+PSALM XXXVIL
+
+1 T[ Of David. Do not fret" thyself be-
+cause of the evil-doers, neither be thou en-
+vious'' against the workers of iniquity.
+
+2 For like the grass they shall soon be
+mowed down, and like the green herb shall
+they wither.
+
+.3 Trust in the Lord, and do good; dwell
+in the land, and feed (thyself) with truthful-
+ness.
+
+4 And delight thyself in the Lord, and he
+will give thee the wishes of thy heart.
+
+5 Commit thy way unto the Lord, and
+trust in him: and he will accomplish it.
+
+6 And he will bring forth as the light thy
+righteousness, and the justice of thy (cause)
+as the noonday.
+
+7 Be silent before the Lord, and wait par
+tiently for him: fret not thyself because of
+him A\ho prospereth in his way, because of
+the man who practises wicked devices.
+
+8 Cease from anger, and forsake wrath:
+fret not thyself in any wise to do evil.
+
+9 For evil-doers shall be cut off; but those
+that wait upon the Lord, these — shall truly
+inherit the land.
+
+10 For yet but for a little while, and the
+wicked shall be no more: yea, thou wilt look
+carefully at his place, and he shall not be
+there.
+
+11 But the meek shall inherit the land,
+and shall delight themselves because of the
+abundance of peace.
+
+12 The wicked purpose th evil against the
+just, and gnasheth against him with his
+teeth.
+
+13 The Lord will laugh at him; for he
+seeth that his day is coming.
+
+14 The wicked have drawn out the sword,
+and have bent their bow, to cause the poor
+and needy to fall, and to slaughter such as
+are of an upright course (of life).
+
+15 (But) their sword shall enter into their
+own heart, and their bows shall be broken.
+
+' Raslii, "enter into a contest," as in a race.
+
+^ SacliF, "be not excited to zeal," or "overzealous."
+
+" A 1)011 Ezra; meaning, the herbs and flowers of the
+
+meadow land, or pasture, which are at times suddenly
+
+swept away in a wreath of smoke by the fii'e which seizes
+
+on them in the dry seasons; id a plain, meadow; hence,
+
+
+16 Better is the little that the righteous
+hath, than the great riches of many wicked.
+
+17 For the arms of the wicked shall be
+broken ; but the upholder of the righteous is
+the Lord.
+
+18 The Lord regardeth the days of the
+upright: and their inheritance shall endure
+for ever.
+
+19 They shall not be made ashamed in
+the time of unhappiness; and in the days of
+famine shall they be satisfied.
+
+20 But the wicked shall perish, and the
+enemies of the Lord shall be as the beauty"
+of the meadow : they pass away ; in smoke
+they pass away.
+
+21 The wicked borroweth, and repayeth
+not; but the righteous is beneficent,'' and
+giveth.
+
+22 For those blessed of him'' shall inherit
+the land; and those cursed of him shall be
+cut oft".
+
+23 By the Lord are the steps of the right-
+eous man established; and he flndeth plea-
+sure in his course (of life).
+
+24 Though he fall, he shall not be utterly
+cast down; for the Lord upholdeth his hand.
+
+25 I have been young, and I am also
+grown old: yet have I never seen the right-
+eous forsaken, nor his seed seeking for bread.
+
+26 He is all the time beneficent, and lend-
+eth ; and his seed will be for a blessing.
+
+27 Depart from evil, and do good; and
+dwelF for evermore.
+
+28 For the Lord lovetli justice, and never
+forsaketh his pious servants: they are for
+ever preserved; but the seed of the wicked
+will be cut off".
+
+29 The righteous shall inherit the land,
+and dwell for ever therein.
+
+30 The mouth of the righteous uttereth
+wisdom, .and his tongue speaketh what is
+just.
+
+31 The law of his God is in his heart:
+none of his steps shall slip.
+
+32 The wicked looketh out for the right-
+eous, and seeketh to slay him.
+
+33 The Lord will not leave him in his
+
+
+Rashi, "like morning clouds in the sky," in the heavenly
+plain. Others, "the fat of lambs," which was burnt on
+the altar.
+
+■* Lit. "gracious."
+
+* /. e. God.
+
+' Aben Ezra, "then shall thou dwell for ever."
+
+731
+
+
+hand, and will not condemn him when he is
+judged.
+
+34 Wait on the Lord, and keep his wav,
+and he will exalt thee to inherit the land:
+when the wicked are cut off, shalt thou look
+on.
+
+35 I have seen the wicked terrible* in
+])ower, and striking root like a green tree in
+its native soil.
+
+36 Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was no
+more : and I sought him, but he could not be
+found.
+
+37 Observe the perfect man, and behold
+the upright; for there is a (happy) future
+for the man of peace.''
+
+38 But the transgressors are destroyed to-
+gether : the future of the wicked is cut off.
+
+39 And the salvation of the righteous is
+from the Lord: he is their strong-hold in the
+time of distress.
+
+40 And the Lord helpeth them, and de-
+livereth them; he will deliver them from the
+wicked, and save them; because they have
+put their trust in him.
+
+
+PSALM XXXVIIL
+
+1 ^ A psalm of David, to bring to remem-
+brance."
+
+2 0 Lord, correct me not in thy wrath,
+nor chastise me in thy fury.
+
+3 For thy arrows have penetrated into me,
+and thy hand presseth down upon me.
+
+4 There is no soundness in my flesh be-
+cause of thy indignation : there is no peace
+in my bones because of my sin.
+
+5 For my iniquities are passed over my
+head, as a heavy burden are they too heavy
+for me.
+
+6 Foul, corrupt are my bruises because of
+my folly.
+
+7 I am bent double; I am bowed down to
+the utmost; all the day long T go about full
+of grief
+
+8 For my loins are filled with a burning
+disease, and there is no soundness in my
+flesh.
+
+' Abcn Ezra. Mendelssohn, "a wicked man who was
+mighty."
+
+^ Sachs, affer Rashi, who comments, "if he have no
+(happy) commencement he hath still an end." Jona-
+tliiin, "for the end of man is peace." Eng. ver. "of
+tluit man ;" but there is no particular person spoken of in
+the text, wherefore it must be taken generally.
+
+' I'ashi, "to bring to remembrance the troubles of
+732
+
+
+PSALMS XXXVIL— XXXIX.
+
+9 I am made faint and crushed to the ut-
+most; I cry aloud because of the groaning of
+my heart.
+
+10 Lord, before thee is all my longing;
+and my sighing is from thee not hidden.
+
+11 My heart is restless, my strength hath
+left me; and the light of my eyes — that also
+is no more with me.
+
+12 My lovers and my friends stand'' aloof
+from my plague ; and my kinsmen stand afar
+off.
+
+13 They also that seek after my life lay
+snares; and they that wish for my mishap
+speak wicked falsehoods; and deceits do they
+devise all the day long.
+
+14 But I, as a deaf man, hear not; and I
+am as a dumb man that cannot open his
+mouth.
+
+15 Thus am I as a man that heareth not,
+and in whose mouth are no words of de-
+fence."
+
+16 For in thee, 0 Lord, do I hope: thou
+wilt answer, 0 Lord my God.
+
+17 For I said. Perhaps they might rejoice
+over me: Avhen my foot slippeth, they might
+magnifj' themselves over me.
+
+18 For I am prepared for (my) downfall,
+and my pain is continually before me.
+
+19 For I will tell of my iniquity; I will
+be grieved because of my sin.
+
+20 But my enemies are strong in life; and
+numerous are those that hate me wrongfully;
+
+21 They also that repay (me) evil in lieu
+of good; they hate me bitterly because I pur-
+sue what is good.
+
+22 Forsake me not, 0 Lord: 0 my God,
+be not far from me.
+
+23 Make haste to help me, 0 Lord, my
+salvation.
+
+
+PSALM XXXIX.
+
+1 ][ To the chief musician, to Jeduthun,'
+a psalm of David.
+
+2 I said, I will guard my ways, that I sin
+not with my tongue: I will guard my mouth
+with a muzzle, while the wicked is before me.
+
+Israel before God." Herxheimer, "or to call sufferings
+
+to mind." Mendelssohn, "at sacrificing."
+
+^ Jonathan, "opposite to," i. e. they see, but come not
+
+near.
+
+° Redak. Others, "rejoinder." Eng. ver. "reproofs."
+' Some suppose that Jeduthun was the composer of
+
+the melody of this Psalm written by David; some, that
+
+it signifies a particular instrument nnmed after him.
+
+
+PSALMS XXXIX. XL.
+
+
+3 I was dumb in deep silence, I was quite
+still, even from (speaking) good; but my
+pain was greatly excited ;
+
+4 My heart was hot within me, in my self-
+communing there burnt a fire : (tlien) spoke
+I with my tongue,
+
+5 Let me know, 0 Lord, my end, and the
+measure of my days, what it is: I wish to
+know when I shall cease to be.
+
+6 Behold, measured out with the span hast
+thou made mj- days; and my whole duration
+is notliing before thee: yea, as nothing but
+vanity doth every man stand here.* Selah.
+
+7 As nothing but a shadowy image doth
+man walk about, yea, for vanity only do all
+make a noise : he heapeth up his gains, and
+knoweth not who shall gather them.
+
+8 And now, what shall I wait for, 0 Lord?
+my hope is in thee.
+
+9 From all my transgressions deliver thou
+me : render me not the object of reproach of
+the worthless.
+
+10 I was dumb, I opened not my mouth;
+because thou hadst done it.
+
+11 Remove thou thy plague away from
+me: from the blows of" thy hand am I con-
+sumed.
+
+12 When thou with corrections chastisest
+man for iniquity, thou causest his excellence
+to melt away as (if eaten by) the moth : yea,
+nothing but vanity is every man. Selah.
+
+13 Hear my prayer, 0 Lord, and give ear
+unto my cry; be not silent at rny tears; for
+a stranger am I with thee, a sojourner, like
+all my fathers.
+
+14 Leave off from me, that I may recover
+strength, before I go hence, and am no
+
+
+more.
+
+
+PSALM XL.
+
+1 ][ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+2 I had waited patiently for the Lord,
+when he inclined himself unto me, and heard
+my cry.
+
+3 And he brought me up out of the noise-
+
+
+* Redak, with the addition, "the greatest vanity."
+Rashi, "every man's position and life are vanity."
+
+'' Rashi; but Meuachem, "from the dread of thy pu-
+nishment."
+
+° Philippson; meaning, "the sea which is tumultuous
+in it.s roaring;" hence, not literally "pit," as others have.
+
+" I'iiilipp.siiUj after the M:is.'^orotic punctuation. Others
+
+
+ful deep," out of the miry clay, and he set up
+my feet upon a rock, making firm my steps.
+
+4 And he placed in my mouth a new song,
+a praise unto our God : many will see it, and
+fear; and they will trust in the Lord.
+
+5 Happy is the man that maketh the Lord
+his trust, and turneth not unto the proud,
+nor such as stray aside unto lies.
+
+6 Many things hast thou done, 0 Lord
+mv God; th}' wonderful deeds and thy
+thoughts toward us — there is none to be com-
+pared unto thee — will I tell and speak of,
+(though) they are too numerous to be counted.''
+
+7 Sacrifice and meat-oflering thou desirest
+not — ears" hast thou hollowed out unto me —
+burnt-offering and sin-offering thou demandest
+not.
+
+8 Then said I, Lo, I come : in the roll of
+the book it is written down for me;
+
+9 To fulfil thy will, 0 my God, do I desire ;
+and thy law is within my heart.
+
+10 I announce (thy) righteousness in the
+great assembly : lo, 1 will not refrain my lips,
+0 Lord, thou well knowest it.
+
+11 Thy righteousness have I never hidden
+within my heart; thy faithfulness and thy
+salvation have I spoken of openly: I have
+not concealed thy kindness and thy truth
+before the great as.sembly.
+
+12 Do thou, 0 Lord, not withhold thy
+mercies from me : let thy kindness and tliy
+truth continuall}^ watch over*^ me.
+
+13 For evils without number have com-
+passed me about; my iniquities have over-
+taken me, so that I am not able to see : they
+are more numerous than the hairs of my
+head ; and my courage" hath forsaken me.
+
+14 Be pleased, 0 Lord, to deliver me; 0
+Lord, hasten to my help.
+
+15 May those be made ashamed and put
+to the blush together that seek after my soul
+to take her away: let them be driven back-
+ward and be confounded, that wish for my
+mishap.
+
+16 May they be astonished in consequence
+of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha!
+
+divide the verse off differently, but with the same general
+meaning.
+
+° Meaning, though he cannot bring sacrifices away from
+the temple, still can he worship God ; obedience is de-
+manded; he has ears to listen to instruction; and this
+sacrifice of obedience will be bring to be accepted.
+
+' Rashi, ' bit "heart"
+
+(83
+
+
+PSALMS XL.— XLII.
+
+
+17 (But) may all those that seek thee be
+glad and rejoice in thee : may they say con-
+tinually, The Lord be magnified, — those that
+love thy salvation.
+
+18 But though I be poor and needy, the
+Lord will think of me: my help and my de-
+liverer art thou ; 0 my God, delay not.
+
+PSALM XLI.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+2 Happy is he that careth for the poor:
+on the day of evil will the Lord deliver
+him.
+
+3 The Lord will preserve him, and keep
+him alive; he shall be made happy on the
+earth : and thou wilt not deliver him unto
+the revengeful desire of his enemies.
+
+4 The Lord will sustain him upon the bed
+of painful disease: thou changest" all his
+couch in his sickness.
+
+5 I said, Lord, be gracious unto me: heal
+my soul; for I have sinned against thee.
+
+6 My enemies speak evil of me, When will
+he die, and his name perish?
+
+
+7 And if he come to see (me) , he speaketh
+falselj": his heart gathereth wickedness'' to
+itself; he goeth abroad (and) speaketh it.
+
+8 Altogether whisper against me all that
+hate me : against me do they devise my in-
+jury-
+
+9 "His godless deed (say they) is poured
+
+out over him : as he lieth there he will never
+more rise up again."
+
+10 Yea, even the man that sliould have
+sought my welfare, in whom I trusted, who
+eateth my bread, hath lifted up his heel
+against me.
+
+11 But thou, 0 Lord, be gracious unto me,
+and raise me up, that I may requite it unto
+them.
+
+1 2 By this do I know that thou art pleased
+with me, that my enemy doth not triumph
+over me.
+
+13 But as for me, thou upholdest me in
+my integrity, and placest me before thy pre-
+sence for ever.
+
+14 Blessed be the Lord the God of Israel
+from everlasting, and to everlasting. Amen,
+and Amen.
+
+
+BOOK SECOND.
+
+
+PSALM XLH.
+
+1 ][ To the chief musician, a Maskil, for
+the sons of Korach.
+
+2 As a hart panteth after brooks of water,
+so panteth my soul after thee, 0 God.
+
+3 My soul thirsteth for God, for the living
+God : when shall I go (again)" and be seen in
+the jjresence of God?
+
+4 My tears have been my food day and
+night; because'' men say unto me all the day.
+Where is thy God?
+
+5 These things will I remember, and pour
+
+
+* Rashi, "also at that time when his di.sease is severe
+upon him, and all his rest and quiet are changed." Jo-
+nathan, "thou hast changed his bed and cured him."
+tjur translation simply means, changing bis sick-bed into
+one of recovery.
+
+'' llashi, "ho pretendeth to feel regret, and while he
+sittctli he deviseth wicked thoughts to himself — what evil
+to speak when he goeth out."
+
+° Mendelssohn. '' Others, "while they say."
+
+' This difficidt verse is variously rendered. Mendels-
+734
+
+
+out my soul in me : how I was wont to pass
+along amidst the multitude, journeying with
+them as a pilgrim to the house of God, with
+the voice of joyful song and thanksgiving)
+among the festive tlii'ong.
+
+6 Why art thou cast down, 0 my soul, and
+disquieted in me? Hope thou in God; for 1
+shall yet thank him. because of the salvation
+of his countenance.
+
+7 0 my God, my soul is cast down within
+me : therefore will I remember thee from the
+land of the Jordan, and from the jseaks of
+Chermon, from the low"' mount.
+
+sohn, "When I remember thee (here) in the land of Jor-
+dan and the mountains of Chermon, mountains of little
+import," i. e. compared to Zion, although much higher.
+Others take li'i'O to be an otherwise not named peak,
+" Miz'ar." Philippson takes D'JlOin to he derived from
+Din "destruction;" hence, "therefore will I think of
+thee once worshipped in the land of the Jordan and the
+ruins on the degraded mount," meaning, "mount Zion,"
+now degraded by triumphant enemies, conceiving this psalrc
+to be written by an exile who was among the heathen.s.
+
+
+PSALMS XLII— XLIV.
+
+
+8 Deep cfilleth unto deep at the noise of
+thy waterfalls:* all thy waves and thy bil-
+lows have passed over me.
+
+9 In the daytime the Lord will command
+his kindness, and in the night his song shall
+be with me, as a prayer unto the God of my
+life.
+
+10 I will say unto God, My rock, why-
+hast thou forgotten me? why must I walk
+grieved, under the oppression of the enem}-?
+
+11 It is as death'' in my bones, when my
+assailants reproach me; when they say unto
+me all the day. Where is thy God ?
+
+12 Why art thou cast down, 0-my soul?
+and why art thou disquieted within me?
+Hope thou in God ; for I shall yet thank
+him, the salvation of my countenance, and
+my God.
+
+PSALM XLIII.
+
+1 ^ Judge me, 0 God, and plead my cause
+against an ungodly nation: from the deceit-
+ful and unjust man do thou deliver me.
+
+2 For thou art the God of my fortress:
+why hast thou abandoned me? why must I
+walk about grieved, under the oppression of
+the enemy?
+
+3 Send thou thy light and thy truth, these
+shall guide me ; they shall bring me unto thy
+holy mountain, and to thy dwellings :
+
+4 That I may go unto the altar of God,
+unto God the joy of nu- gladness; and that I
+may thank thee upon the harp, O God, my God.
+
+5 Why art thou cast down, 0 my soul?
+and why art thou disquieted within me?
+Hope thou in God; for I shall yet thank him,
+the salvation of my countenance, and my
+God.
+
+PSALM XLIV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, for the sons of
+Korach, a Maskil.
+
+2 0 God, with our ears have we heard,
+our fathers have told us, deeds which thou
+hadst done in their days, in times of old.
+
+3 Thou, with thy hand, didst indeed drive
+out nations, and plant them; thou didst ill-
+treat people, and cause them to spread out.'
+
+4 For not by their sword did the}^ obtain
+
+
+' 1US is explained to mean properly a pipe by which
+water runs down from a roof; hence, "waterfalls," as ap-
+plied to the great works of God, here denoting the severe
+distress which overwhelms the Psalmist.
+
+
+possession of the land, and their own arm
+brought them no victory; but t'hy right
+hand, and thy arm, and the light of th}-
+countenance, because thou hadst given them
+th}- favour.
+
+5 Thou art my King, O God: ordain sal-
+vation for Jacol).
+
+6 Through thee will we butt down oui-
+assailants: through thy name will we tread
+under foot our ojtponents.
+
+7 For not in my bow wall I trust, and my
+sword shall not help me.
+
+8 But thou helpest us against our assail-
+ants, and those that hate us thou puttest to
+shame.
+
+9 Of God we boast" all tlie day, and to thy
+name will we give thanks for ever. Selah.
+
+10 But (now) thou hast cast off, and put
+us to the blush, and goest not forth with our
+armies.
+
+11 Thou causest us to turn back from be-
+fore our assailant: and they who hate us
+take spoil for themselves.
+
+12 Thou givest us up like sheep for food,
+and among the nations hast thou dispersed us.
+
+13 Thou sellest thy people for no value,
+and acquirest no gain by their price.
+
+14 Thou renderest us a reproach to our
+neighbours, a scorn and a derision to those
+that are round about us.
+
+15 Thou renderest us a by-word among the
+nations, a shaking of the head among the
+people.
+
+16 All the day is my disgrace before me,
+and the shame of my face covereth me;
+
+17 Because of tlie voice of him that re-
+proacheth and blasphemeth ; by reason of the
+enemy and him that seeketh vengeance.
+
+18 All this is come over us, yet have we
+not forgotten thee ; nor have Ave dealt falsely
+by thy covenant ;
+
+19 Our heart is not moved backward, nor
+hath our step turned aside from thy path :
+
+20 Even when thou didst crush us in the
+abode of monsters, and cover us with the
+shadow of death.
+
+21 If we had forgotten the name of our
+God, or spread forth our hands to a strange
+god :
+
+" After Aben Ezra. Lit. "murder."
+" Mendelssohn; /. e. Israel. Jonathan, "cast out," /. e.
+the Canaanites. .
+
+'' Aben Ezra. "CJod we praise," (V'-
+
+
+PSALMS XLIV.— XLVI.
+
+
+22 Would not God search out this? for he
+knoweth the secrets of the heart.
+
+23 But for thy sake are we slain all the
+day; we are counted as flocks (destined) for
+slaughter.
+
+24 Awake, wherefore wilt thou sleep, 0
+Lord? arise, abandon us not for ever.
+
+25 Wherefore wilt thou hide thy face, wilt
+thou forget our misery and our oppression?
+
+26 For our soul is bowed down to the
+dust; our body cleaveth unto the earth.
+
+27 Arise unto our help, and redeem us for
+the sake of thy kindness.
+
+PSALM XLV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician upon Shoshan-
+nim, by the sons of Korach, a Maskil, a song
+of love.*
+
+2 My heart swelleth*" with a good speech ;
+I say," "My works shall be for the king:"
+my tongue is the pen of a ready writer.
+
+3 Thou art more fair than the children of
+men; grace is poured out over thy lips:
+therefore hath God blessed thee for ever.
+
+4 Gird thy sword ujion the thigh, 0
+mighty one, (it is) thy glory and thy ma-
+jesty;
+
+5 Yea, it is thy majesty: be prosperous,
+ride along for the cause of ti'uth and meek-
+ness* and righteousness; and fearful things
+shall thy right hand teach thee.
+
+6 Thy sharpened arrows — people will fall
+down beneath thee — (will enter) into the
+heart of the king's enemies.
+
+7 Thy throne, given of God,' endureth for
+ever and ever: the sceptre of equity is the
+sceptre of thy kingdom.
+
+8 Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest
+wickedness: therefore hath God, thy God,
+anointed thee with the oil of gladness above
+thy associates.
+
+' Rashi conceives this Psalm to have been endited in
+praise of those who study the law of God ; and explains
+the whole allegnrically in tliis sense. Others give it a
+Messianic interpretation. Sforno comments, "to excite
+the love of Israel for their Father in heaven." The mo-
+derns deem it a poem by one of the sons of Korach at
+the nuptials of some king whose name is not mentioned.
+
+'' Lit. " bubbleth," or " boileth," /. e. overflows, is full of.
+
+° Rashi, "This song which I have composed and made,
+I say it for him who is worthy to be a king," i. e. the
+student of the divine law.
+
+'' iMendelssohn, "the oppressed innocence." Zunz,
+"right." Philippson, "the meekness of justice."
+
+' Rashi, "Thy throne, 0 judge and i-liicf, is tor evci."
+736
+
+
+9 Of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia are (fra-
+grant) all th}^ garments: out of palaces of
+ivory have they made thee joyfid with the
+sound of music.*^
+
+10 Kings' daughters are among those dear
+to thee:= the queen standeth on thy right
+hand in fine gold of Ophir.
+
+11 Hearken, 0 daughter, and look, and in-
+cline th}' ear, and forget thy own people, and
+thy father's house :
+
+12 Then will the king long for thy beauty;
+for he is thy lord ; and bow thyself to him.
+
+13 And the daughter of Tyre shall be
+there with a gift: the rich among the people
+shall entreat thy favour.
+
+14 All gloriously attired awaiteth the
+king's daughter in the inner chamber; of
+wrought gold is her oarment.
+
+CO o
+
+15 In embroidered clothes will she be
+brought unto the king: virgins that follow
+her, Iter companions, are brought unto thee.
+
+16 They are led forth witli rejoicings and
+gladness, they enter into the ptilace of the king.
+
+17 Instead of thy fathers shall be thy chil-
+dren: thou wilt appoint them as princes in all
+the land.
+
+18 I will make thy"" name to be remember-
+ed in all generations : therefore shall the peo-
+ple praise thee for ever and ever.
+
+PSALM XLVI.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician: by the sons
+of Korach, upon 'Alamoth, a song.
+
+2 God is our protection and strength, a
+help in distres.ses, very readily found.'
+
+3 Therefore will we not fear, even when
+the earth is transformed, and when moun-
+tains are moved into the heart of the .seas ;
+
+4 (When) the waters thereof roar and
+foam,"" when mountains quake before his ma-
+jesty.' Selah.
+
+' 'JD, after Sachs, who takes it as an abbreviation for
+D'JD "instruments of music." Rashi and Aben Ezra as
+"frou)," thus, "from which they have made thee re-
+joice."
+
+* Mendelssohn, "those that grace thy feast." Sachs,
+"that adorn thy hou.se."
+
+"■ Both Rashi and Aben Ezra refer this to God, in the
+manner of the Psalmists, who generally conclude with a
+thanksgiving to the Lord. We should then render,
+"people shall thank thee," &c.
+
+' Others, "present greatly." Eng. ver. "very pre-
+sent." Philipp.son, "approved greatly."
+
+' Redak, "rise as billows."
+
+' itaslii, Jdunthnn, .\bpn Ezra, Ikf. Others, "when
+
+
+PSALMS XLVL— XLVIII.
+
+
+5 (There) is a river, its rivulets cause to
+rejoice the city of God, the sanctuary of the
+dwellings of the Most High.
+
+6 God is in her midst; she shall not be
+moved : God will ever help her, at the dawn-
+ing of (her) morning.
+
+7 Nations rage, kingdoms are mo^'ed : he
+letteth his voice be heard, the earth melteth
+away.
+
+8 The Lord of hosts is with us; a defence
+unto us is the God of Jacob. Selah.
+
+9 Come, look at the deeds of the Lord,
+who hath made desolations on the earth.
+
+10 He cause th wars to cease unto the end
+of the earth ; he breaketh the bow, and cut-
+teth the spear in pieces; he burnetii wagons
+in the fire.
+
+11 Leave off," and know that I am God:
+I will be exalted among the nations, I will
+be exalted on the earth.
+
+12 The Lord of hosts is with us; a defence
+unto us is the God of Jacob. Selah.
+
+PSALM XLVII.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician, a psalm for the
+sons of Korach.
+
+2 All ye people, clap** your hands; shout
+unto God with the voice of triumph.
+
+3 For the Lord is most high, fear-inspir-
+ing; he is a great king over all the earth.
+
+4 He will subdue people under us, and na-
+tions under our feet.
+
+5 He will choose for us our inheritance, the
+excellency of Jacob which he loveth. Selah.
+
+6 God ascendeth amid a triumphal shout,
+the Lord, amid the sound of the cornet.
+
+7 Sing praises to God, sing praises: sing
+praises unto our King, sing praises.
+
+8 For God is King of all the earth : .sing
+ye praises with understanding."
+
+9 God reigneth over the nations; .God sit-
+teth upon his holy throne.
+
+
+the mountains quake through the pride of the sea," /. e.
+"through the breaking of the waves against them."
+
+' Words of God — -"Leave off war and contest."
+
+' Rashi, "strike each other on the hand," or "join
+hands."
+
+"Jonathan. Redak, "a song giving instruction;" so
+has it been rendered by the modern translators. Aben
+Ezra, "every intelligent man."
+
+^ Aben Ezra. Others render this as apposition, as,
+"yea, the people," &c. ; hence, Rashi gives '3'IJ as,
+" those who have voluntarily yielded themselves to slaugh-
+lur, the people," &c.
+
+i S
+
+
+10 The nobles of the people are gathered
+together, (to be with)** the people of the God
+of Abraham; for unto God belong the shields
+of the earth : he is greatly exalted.
+
+PSALM XLVIII.
+
+1 ^[ A song and psalm by the sons of Ko-
+rach.
+
+2 Great is the Lord, and highly praised in
+the city of our God, (in) his holy mountain.
+
+3 A beautiful disti-ict, the joy of the whole
+earth, is mount Zion, the farthest' north, the
+city of the great King.
+
+4 God is become known in her palaces as
+a defence.
+
+5 For, lo, the kings were assembled, they
+are passed away together.
+
+C They indeed saw — (and) so they were
+astonished ; they were terrified, they were
+confounded.'
+
+7 Trembling seized on them there, pain,
+as on a woman in travail.
+
+8 With the east wind thou breakest the
+ships of Tharshish.
+
+9 As we have^ heard, so have we seen (it)
+in the city of the Lord of hosts, in the city
+of our God : God will establish it for ever.
+Selah.
+
+10 We have refiected on thy kindness, 0
+God, in the midst of thy temple.
+
+11 As thy name is, 0 God, so is thy prai,se
+over the ends of the earth : of righteousness
+is thy right hand full.
+
+12 Let mount Zion rejoice, let the daugh-
+ters of Judah be glad, because of thy judg-
+ments.
+
+13 Compass Zion about, and walk I'ound
+about her; numjjer her towers.
+
+14 Direct your mind to her outer wall,
+mark carefully'' her palaces : in order that ye
+may tell it to the latest generation.
+
+15 For' this One is God, our God for ever
+
+' "At the north of it is the city of the Great King;"
+so Mendelssohn, since Zion is south of Jerusalem.
+Others take the "ferthest north" to be, as in Isa. xiv. 13,
+the seat of the heathen gods; hence, the Psalmist says
+here, that Zion is as the farthest north, the residence of
+our great King.
+
+' Eashi ; but Aben Ezra, " they fled hastily away."
+
+* ('. e. What has been related from father to son is es-
+tablished by what is witnessed at the moment.
+
+' Rashi, "build high."
+
+' 8achs, "so that ye may tell tn the latest generation,
+I that this God is," A;c.
+
+737
+
+
+PSALMS XLVIIL— L.
+
+
+and ever: he Avill be our guide even unto
+
+
+death.
+
+
+PSALM XLIX.
+
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by the sons of
+Korach, a psalm.
+
+2 Hear this, all ye people ; give ear, all ye
+inhabitants of the perishable world:
+
+3 Both the sons of the low and the sons
+of the high, rich and needy, altogether.
+
+4 My mouth shall speak wisdom; and the
+meditation of my heart shall be of under-
+standing.
+
+5 I will incline my ear to a parable : I
+will open with the harp my riddle. *■
+
+6 Wherefore should I fear in the days of
+evil, when the iniquity of my oppressors en-
+compasseth me? —
+
+7 Of those that trust in their wealth, and
+boast themselves of the multitude of their
+riches ?
+
+8 No one can in any wise redeem his bro-
+ther, nor can he give to God redemption
+money for himself;
+
+9 For the ransom of their soul is too costly,
+and it is omitted for ever.
+
+10 And should he still live for ever? not
+see the pit?"
+
+11 For he must see that wise men die,
+that together the fool and the brutish
+per.son perish, and leave to others their
+wealth.
+
+12 Their inward thought is, that their
+houses are to be for ever, their dwelling-
+places, from generation to generation; they
+call them by their own names in (various)
+countries.'"
+
+lo Nevertheless man in (his) splendour
+endureth not: he is like the beasts (that)
+])erish.
+
+' Menachem takes nio Si' for dSij;S "for ever." Phi-
+lippson, "even in danger of death," Lit. "over death."
+
+'' The Psalmist calls his proposition "a riddle," some-
+thing to the world unknown ; and as he propounds it, he
+plays on his harp, to aceompany his song.
+
+° So does Aben Ezra connect these verses. Redak, " and
+, he must let it pass by for ever, that he is to live," &c.
+
+'' llashi. Others, " men praise their names in the
+countries." Sachs, "they apply their names to their
+lands."
+
+■■ ]jit. "Mouth;" Mendelssohn, and so partly Rashi :
+"if but posterity praise them."
+
+' The "morning" when the righteous are to rule,
+(si'C Malachi iii. 21,) the time of the divine judgment,
+or resurrection. Philippson explains "ovev thenj" to
+7as
+
+
+14 This is their way, their folly : yet their
+posterity will take pleasure in their sayings."
+Selah.
+
+15 Like flocks are they thrust into the
+nether world; death will feed them; but the
+upright shall have dominion over them in
+that morning;^ and their form wasteth away
+in the nether world, (taken away) from their
+own dwelling."^
+
+16 But God will redeem my soul from the
+power of the nether world ; for he will take
+me away. Selah.
+
+17 Be not thou afraid when a man be-
+cometh rich, when the glory of his house is
+increased;
+
+18 For when he dieth he can take nothing
+away ; his glory will not descend after him.
+
+19 For though he bless his soul during his
+life, and men praise*" thee, when thou doest
+well to thyself:
+
+20 She' shall go to the generation of his
+fathers, unto eternity will these never see
+light.
+
+21 Man, though in splendour, who under-
+standeth not, is like tlie beasts that perish.
+
+PSALM L.
+
+1 Tf A psalm of Assaph. The God of gods,
+the Lord, speaketh, and calleth the earth,
+from the rising of the sun unto his setting.
+
+2 Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty,
+God shineth forth.
+
+3 Our God is coming, and will not keep
+silence: a fire devoureth before him, and
+round him there rageth a mighty storm.
+
+4 He will call to the heavens above, and
+to the earth, to judge his people.
+
+5 '' Gather together unto me my pious ser-
+vants, who make a covenant with me by sa-
+crifice."
+
+mean what they leave, and "the morning," simply, as
+speedily.
+
+s Redak. Ra.shi, "the form of the wicked will outlast
+hell; this shall cease, but not they; so that it is not to be
+a dwelling for them." Philippson, "the nether world is
+an unreal dwelling for them."
+
+*' Rasbi, "They will praise thee, if thou actest right-
+eously; and when thou diest thou wilt see the generation
+of the sinners' fathers," &c. Philippson conceives the
+end of ver. 19 and 20 to be an ironical address to the rich,
+and renders "his," "thy fathers."
+
+' Redak, taking NUn to be the third feminine singular,
+referring to " soul" in ver. 10 ; and comments, " She goeth
+to the generation of his fathers who were wicked like
+himself" (See Ksod- .x.x. T).)
+
+
+PSALMS L. LI.
+
+
+6 And the heavons tell of his righteous-
+ness; for God is judge himself. Selah.
+
+7 "Hear, 0 my people, and I will speak;
+
+0 Israel, and I will testify against thee : God,
+thy God, am I.
+
+8 Not because of thy sacrifices will I re-
+prove thee; and thy burnt-offerings are con-
+tinually before me.'
+
+9 I will not take a bullock out of thy
+house, nor he-goats out of thy folds.
+
+10 For mine are all the beasts of the
+forest, the cattle upon a thousand'' moun-
+tains.
+
+11 I know all the fowls of the moun-
+tains: whatever moveth" on the fields is
+with me.
+
+12 If I were hungry, I would not say it
+to thee; for mine is the world, and what
+filleth it.
+
+13 Do I eat the flesh of fatted bulls, or
+drink the blood of he-goats?
+
+1-4 Offer unto God thanksgiving;'' and pay
+unto the Most High thy vows ;
+
+15 And call on me on the da}' of distress :
+
+1 will deliver thee, — and so wilt thou glorify
+me.
+
+16 But unto the Avicked God saith, '^ What
+hast thou to do to relate my statutes, and
+why bearest thou my covenant upon thy
+mouth ?
+
+17 And yet thou hatest instruction, and
+castest my words behind thee.
+
+18 When thou seest a thief, then art thou
+pleased with him, and with adulterers hast
+thou thy portion.
+
+19 Thou lettest loose thy mouth with evil,
+and thy tongue frameth deceit.
+
+20 Thou sittest and speakest against thy
+brother; against thy owai mother's son thou
+utterest slander.
+
+21 These things hast thou done, and I
+kept silence: thou didst ween that I am like
+thyself; (but) I will reprove thee, and set it
+in order before thy eyes."
+
+
+' Jonathan explains this verse, that God does not re-
+prove the people for the sacrifices not brought in the cap-
+tivity, and that those brought during the temple are still
+present. Rashi, Redak, &c. supply "not" in the second
+part, "which are not before me." Mendelssohn takes it,
+as here given: "The altar is full of burnt-ofierings; yet
+this is not what is needed, but obedience."
+
+' Rashi, "the cattle on the mountains covered with
+herds,"
+
+
+22 Do but reflect on this, ye that forget
+God, lest I tear (you) in pieces, with none to
+deliver.
+
+23 Whoso offereth thanksgivinsr' glorifieth
+me: and to him that ordereth his course
+aright, will I show the salvation of God.
+
+PSALM LI.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David,
+
+2 When Nathan the prophet came unto
+him, after he had gone in unto Bath-sheba'.
+
+3 Be gracious unto me, 0 God, according
+to thy kindness: according to the greatness
+of thy mercies blot out my transgressions.
+
+4 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity,
+and cleanse me from my sin.
+
+") For of my transgressions I have full
+knowledge; and my sin is before me con-
+tinually.
+
+6 To thee, thee'^ only, have I sinned, and
+what is evil in thy eyes have I done: — in
+order that thou mightest be righteous when
+thou speakest, be justified'^ when thou judgest.
+
+7 Behold, in iniquity was I brought forth ;
+and in sin did my mother conceive me.
+
+8 Behold, thou desirest truth in the in-
+ward parts: therefore do thou cause me to
+know wisdom in the recesses (of the heart).
+
+9 Cleanse me from sin with hyssop, and I
+shall be clean : wash me, and I shall be
+whiter than snow.
+
+10 Cause me to hear gladness and joy;
+that the bones which thou hast crushed may
+rejoice.
+
+11 Hide thy face from my sins, and all my
+iniquities do thou blot out.
+
+12 Create unto me a clean heart, 0 God;
+and a firm spirit renew thou within me.
+
+13 Cast me not away from thy pi'esence;
+and thy holy spirit do not take from me.
+
+14 Restore unto me the gladness of thy
+salvation; and with a liberal spirit do thou
+support me. —
+
+" Rashi. Others, "wild beasts — are known to me."
+
+* Rashi comments, " make a confession of thy sins, re-
+pent, and then pay thy vows."
+
+" Philippson, " Who, offering thanksgiving, honoureth
+me, and guideth his course (aright), him will I show," &c.
+
+' Wesseli and Mendelssohn, "who art God alone;" hut
+all injuries to man, are ai/is to God alone.
+
+^ Others, "clear," "pure;" but purity is justification as
+applied to the Judge.
+
+739
+
+
+PSALMS LT.— LTV.
+
+
+15 I will teach transgressors thy ways,
+and sinners shall return unto thee.
+
+16 Deliver me from blood-guiltiness, 0
+God, thou God of my salvation ; (that) ni}^
+tongue" may sing aloud of thy righteous-
+ness.
+
+17 0 Lord, open thou my lips, and my
+mouth shall declare thy praise.
+
+18 For thou desirest not sacrifice; else
+would I give it: in burnt-offering hast thou
+no delight.
+
+19 The sacrifices of God are a broken
+spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, 0 God,
+wilt thou not despise.
+
+20 Do good in thy favour unto Zion ; build
+thou the walls of Jerusalem.
+
+21 Then wilt thou be pleased with the
+sacrifices of righteousness, with burnt-offering
+and entire offering: then shall bullocks be
+offered upon thy altar.
+
+PSALM LII.
+
+1 ^f To the chief musician, a Maskil of
+David.
+
+2 When Doeg the Edomite came and told
+Saiil, and said unto him, David is come to
+the liouse of Achimelech.
+
+3 What vauntest thou thyself of wicked-
+ness, 0 mighty man? the kindness of God
+endureth all the time.
+
+4 Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs, like a
+shai'pened razor, thou worker of" deceit.
+
+5 Thou lovest evil more than good ; false-
+hood more than speaking righteousness. Se-
+lah.
+
+6 Thou lovest all words of destruction, the
+tongue of deceit.
+
+7 (Therefore) God will also destroy thee
+for ever: he will take" thee away, and pluck
+thee out of his tent, and root thee out of the
+land of life. Selah. —
+
+8 And the righteous shall see it, and they
+will ])e afraid, and laugh concerning him :
+
+9 "Lo, this is the man that made not God
+his fortress; but trusted in the abundance of
+his riches, relied proudly on his mischievous
+wickedness."
+
+10 But I am like a green olive-tree in the
+
+
+" Only wlien sin.s are forgiven can praise be acceptable.
+
+'' Uasbi refers "working deceit," to tbe razor; com-
+menting, "cutting tbe flesb witb tbe bair." Similarly
+Kedak.
+
+" llashi, "break line in pieces." Otbers, from nnn
+740
+
+
+house of God : I trust in the kindness of God
+for ever and ever.
+
+11 I will thank thee for ever, because thou
+hast done it: and I will wait on thy name,
+for (it* is) good, before thy pious ones.
+
+PSALM LIII.
+
+1 ]| To the chief musician upon Macha-
+lath, a Maskil of David.
+
+2 The worthless fool saith in his heart.
+There is no God. They are corrupt, and
+they are abominable (in their) injustice:
+there is none that doth good.
+
+3 God looketh down from heaven upon
+the children of men, to see if there be one in-
+telligent, one who seeketh for God.
+
+4 Every one (of them) hath departed (from
+righteousness) ; altogether are they become
+corrupt: there is none that doth good, no,
+not one.
+
+5 Is there no knowledge in the workers of
+wickedness? who eat up my people as they
+eat bread: (while) they do not call on
+God.
+
+6 There were they terrified with terror
+where there was no terror; for God had
+scattered the bones of those that encamped
+against thee: thou didst put them to shame,
+because God had rejected them.
+
+7 Oh that some one might bring the salva-
+tion of Israel out of Zion ! When God bring-
+eth back the captivity of his people, (then)
+will Jacob be glad, (and) Israel will rejoice.
+
+PSALM LIV.
+
+1 *ff To the chief musician on Neginoth,
+a Maskil of David,
+
+2 When the Ziphim came and said to
+Saiil, Behold, David is hiding himself with
+us.
+
+3 0 God, by thy name save me, and by
+thy strength grant me justice.
+
+4 0 God, hear my prayer; give ear to the
+words of my mouth.
+
+5 For strangers (to goodness)" are risen
+up against me, and powerful oppressors seek
+after my soul : they have not set God before
+them. Selah.
+
+
+"to gather up," as coals arc taken out of the fire by a
+shovel. '' Philippson supplies, "tbou art," &c.
+
+" Strangers here does scarcely mean foreigners, thous^h
+Aben Ezra takes it so; but those strangers to justice ami
+godliness, Jonathan reads Q-ii "the presumptuous."
+
+
+PSALMS LIV.— LVI.
+
+
+6 Behold, God is a helper unto me: the
+Lord is among those that uphold my soul.
+
+7 He will cause the evil to return upon
+those that regard me with envy : in thy truth
+cut them oft'.
+
+8 I will liberally sacrifice unto thee: I will
+give thanks unto thy name, 0 Lord ; for it is
+good.
+
+9 For out of all distress hath he delivered
+me : and my eye hath seen (its desire) on
+my enemies.
+
+PSALM LV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician on Neginoth,
+a Maskil of David.
+
+2 Give ear, 0 God, to my prayer, and
+hide not thyself from my supplication.
+
+3 Listen unto me, and answer me: I
+mourn" in my grief, and moan;
+
+4 Because of the voice of the enemy, be-
+cause of the oppression of the wicked; for
+they cast wrong upon me, and in wrath they
+attack me.
+
+5 My heart is soi'ely pained'' within me,
+and the terrors of death are fallen upon me.
+
+6 Fearfulness and trembling are come
+upon me, and shuddering hath covered me.
+
+7 And I said. Oh that some one would
+give me wings like a dove ! I would fly away
+and dwell (quietly).
+
+8 Lo, I would flee far away, I would spend '
+my night in the wilderness. Selah. '
+
+9 I would prepare hastily a refuge for me I
+from the sweeping wind (and) from storm.
+
+10 Desti'oy, 0 Lord, divide" their tongue;
+for I have seen violence and strife in the city;
+
+11 Day and night do these encompass it
+upon her walls : and wrong and trouble are in
+her midst.
+
+12 Mischief is in her midst: guile and de-i
+ceit depart not from her streets. !
+
+13 For it is not an enemy that reproached I
+me; then I could bear it: not he that hateth
+me hath magnified himself against me; then
+I would have hidden myself from him ;
+
+* Rasbi. The moderns, Sachs, &c., " I roam about."
+" Rasbi, "full of care." Sachs, "trembletb."
+
+° That is, " distract their counsels, and let their de-
+vices be confounded."
+
+^ Rashi, " this he hid because of the many who assisted
+me with their prayers." But though no;; is generally
+found in a good sense "with me," still it is also met with
+in the opposite sense in Gen. xxxi. 7.
+
+• Rashi. Jonathan and Sachs, "who (.iiauge not their
+
+
+14 But it is thou, a man my equid, my
+guide, and my acquaintance;
+
+15 So that we took sweet secret counsel
+together, and walked unto the house of God
+in tumultuous company.
+
+16 Let him dispense death over them; let
+them go down alive into the nether world ;
+for evil is in their dwelling, in the midst of
+them.
+
+17 I, however, will call on God: and the
+Lord will save me.
+
+18 At evening and morning and noon will
+I make my complaint and moan : and he
+heareth my voice. —
+
+19 He delivereth my soul in peace from
+the battle against me; for in multitudes are
+they (contending) with me.*
+
+20 God will hear, and humble them —
+yea, he that sitteth enthroned from the oldest
+time — Selah — tliose who dread" no changes,
+and fear not God.
+
+21 He^ stretcheth out his hands against
+those at peace with him : he violateth his
+covenant.
+
+22 The creamy words'^ of his mouth are
+smooth, yet there is war (in) his heart: his
+words are softer than oil, yet are they dra^Nii
+swords.
+
+23 Cast thy burden'' upon the Lord, and
+he will sustain thee : he will never suffer the
+righteous to be moved.
+
+24 But thou, 0 God, thou wilt bring them
+down into the pit of destruction : let not the
+men of blood and deceit live out half their
+days; but I will indeed trust in thee.
+
+PSALM LVI.
+
+1 Tl To the chief musician upon Jonath-
+elem-rechokim,' by David, a Michtham, when
+the Philistines seized him in Gath.
+
+2 Be gracious unto me, 0 God; for man
+longeth to swallow me up; all the time he
+oppresseth me fighting.
+
+3 Those that regard me with envy long to
+swallow (me) up all the time; for many are
+
+ways." Aben Ezra, "who have had no changes of for-
+tune."
+
+' A calumniator, a rebel, of whom David complains.
+
+» Similar to the English expression, " honeyed phrases."
+
+'' "lin" is explained by others, "what God hath be-
+stowed," or "fortune." Sachs, "desire." Jonathan,
+"hope."
+
+' Lit. "the dumb dove of the distance;" probably the
+name of a particular tune or melody.
+
+7J1
+
+
+fight against me,
+
+
+- PSALMS LVI
+
+0 thou Most
+
+
+-LVIit.
+
+
+thev that
+IJigh."
+
+4 The day (when) I am afraid, I will still
+trust in thee.
+
+5 In God will I praise his word, in God I
+have put my trust; I will not be afraid: what
+can flesh do unto me?
+
+6 All the day they wrest my words:
+against me ai'e all their thoughts for evil.
+
+7 They come together in troops, they hide
+themselves, they are those that watch my
+heels, as though they hoped (to take) my
+soul.
+
+8 Because of their wrong-doing let me
+escape from them:'' in anger cast down the
+j^eople, 0 God.
+
+9 My wanderings hast thou well number-
+ed: put thou my tears into thy bottle; be-
+hold, they are numbered by thee.
+
+10 Then shall my enemies retire backward
+on the day when I call (on thee) : this I
+know — that God is for me.
+
+11 In God'' will I praise the word: in the
+Lord will T praise the word.
+
+12 In God have I put my trust; I will not
+be afraid : what can man do unto me ?
+
+13 Upon me, 0 God, (rest) thy vows: I
+will pay thanksgiving offerings unto thee.
+
+14 For thou hast delivered my soul from
+death — yea, behold, my feet from slipping,
+that I may walk before God in the light of
+the life.
+
+PSALM LVn.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, Al-tashcheth,''
+])y David, a Michtham, when he fled from
+Saiil, in the cave.
+
+2 Be gracious unto me, 0 God, be gracious
+unto me; for in thee my soul seeketh pro-
+tection, and under the shadow of thy wings
+will I seek protection, until the mischief be
+passed away.
+
+3 I will call unto God, the Most High;
+unto God that accomplisheth'' (his kindness)
+on me.
+
+* Jonathan. Philippson, " many are the proud fighters
+against nie."
+
+^ Ilashi and Abon Ezra. Jonathan, "for the falsehood
+in their hands let them have want." Saehs, "in vain be
+their escaping." Philippson, " through wickedness they
+obtain an escape," meaning, that singly they escape
+through cunning: he therefore prays for collective punish-
+ment— on tlip people — who compose tlie evil-doers.
+
+
+4 He will send from heaven, and save me,
+though he that longeth to swallow me up
+utter reproach. Selah. God will send forth
+his kindness and his truth.
+
+5 My soul is in the midst of lions; I lie
+down (in the midst of) those that send out
+flames,*^ (those) sons of men, whose teeth are
+spears and arrows, and whose tongue is a
+sharpened sword.
+
+6 Be thou exalted above the heavens, 0
+God : above all the earth let thy glory be.
+
+7 A net have they prepai'ed for my steps;
+my soul hath been bent down; they have
+dug before me a pit; they are fallen into
+the midst thereof Selah.
+
+8 Firm is my heart, 0 God, firm is my
+heart: I will sing and play.
+
+9 Awake, my spirit; awake, psaltery and
+harp: I will wake up the morning-dawn.''
+
+10 I will thank thee among the people, 0
+Lord : I will sing praises unto thee among
+the nations.
+
+1 1 For great, even unto the heavens, is thy
+kindness, and even unto the skies (extendeth)
+thy truth.
+
+12 Be thou exalted above the heavens, 0
+God : above all the earth let thy glory be.
+
+PSALM LVIII.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician Al-tashcheth,
+by David, a Michtham.
+
+2 Do you indeed, who are dumb, speak
+righteously? do ye judge in uprightness,'' 0
+ye sons of men ?
+
+3 Even in (your) heart ye work injustice:
+on the earth do ye weigh out the violence of
+your hands.
+
+4 The wicked are estranged (from good-
+ness) from the womb : those who speak lies go
+astray from their very birth.
+
+5 They have poison like the poison of a
+serpent: (they are) like the deaf adder that
+stoppeth her ear;
+
+6 Which will not hearken to the voice of
+conj urers, yea, tli at of the wisest of all charmers.
+
+
+" Jonathan, "I will praise God's word of justice, I will
+praise the Lord's word of mercy."
+
+'' Lit. "destroy not;" probably also a melody.
+
+' Mendelssohn, "who decreoth over me."
+
+' Figurative for tho.se that speak calumnies. So Rashi.
+
+' A beautiful image : the Psalmist rises before day,
+and impatiently calls for the morning to appear.
+
+'' Sachs, "judge righteously the sons of man."
+
+
+PSALMS LVIII. LIX.
+
+
+7 0 God, break out their teeth in their
+mouth: tlie jaw-teeth of the young Hons tear
+thou out, 0 Lord. 1
+
+8 Let them melt away as water (which)
+runneth oft':" when each one bendeth (his
+bow to shoot) his arrows, let them be as if cut'
+in pieces.*"
+
+9 As a snail which melteth, let him pass
+away; like the untimely birth'' of a woman
+which hath not seen the sun.
+
+10 Before your pots can feel the thorns,
+will lie take them away with a whirlwind,
+both the green** and the burning.
+
+11 The righteous will rejoice when he
+seeth the vengeance: he will bathe his steps
+in the blood of the wicked.
+
+12 So that a man shall say. Verily fruit
+will come for the righteous: verily there is a
+God that judgeth on the earth.
+
+PSALM LIX.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, Al-tashcheth,
+by David, a Michtham, when Saiil sent, and
+they watched the house to put him to death.
+
+2 Deliver me from my enemies, 0 my
+God: defend me from them that rise up
+against me.
+
+3 Deliver me from the workers of wicked-
+ness, and from men of blood do thou save me.
+
+4 For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul, the
+mighty are gathered in troops against me:
+not for my transgression, nor for my sin, 0
+Lord.
+
+5 Without guilt (in me) they run and
+make themselves ready: awake, (come) to-
+ward me, and behold.
+
+(3 And thou, 0 Lord God of hosts, the God
+of Israel, awake to punish all tlie nations :
+be not gracious to any treacherous wicked
+ones. Selah.
+
+
+' Others, "Let them (the wicked) pass away."
+
+* Rashi, " God bendeth his arrows that they may be de-
+stroyed." Redak, however, explains as in the text, and it
+means, that their arrows should be rendered harmless, as
+though the points were cut away.
+
+" Jonathan, "like the untimely born and the mole,
+which are blind and have not seen the sun." nii/H like
+the Chaldean Nnityx "the mole." Philippson, "let them
+not see," &c.
+
+^ Herxheimer, who comments, that the simile is taken
+from a caravan, which prepares its food with the thorns
+of the desert, which are whirled away by a sudden gale,
+whether yet green or already burning. Philippson,
+partly after Redak, "Whether the flesh in the pot be raw
+or already cooked;" and says, "that so the counsel of
+
+
+7 They will return at evening; they will
+howl like dogs, and go round about the
+city.
+
+8 Behold, they sputter with their mouth :
+swords are in their lips; for who, (say they.)
+doth hear?"
+
+9 But thou, 0 Lord, wilt laugh at them:
+thou wilt liold in derision all the nations.
+
+10 Because of (the enemy's) strength will
+I wait upon thee; for God is my defence.
+
+11 The God who showeth me kindness
+will go before me: God will let me see (my
+desire) upon those who regard me with
+envy.
+
+12 Slay them not, that my people may
+not forget: drive them about by thy power;
+and bring them down, thou our shield. 0
+Lord.
+
+13 The sin of their mouth is the word of
+their lips: let them be caught through their
+pride, because of the cursing and lying which
+they relate.
+
+14 Make an end in fury, make an end
+(of them), that they may be no more, and let
+them know that God ruleth in Jacob, as far
+as the ends of the eai'th. Selah.
+
+15 And they will return in the evening;
+they will howl like dogs, and go round about
+the city.
+
+10 They will indeed roam about after .some-
+thing to eat, if they be not satisfied, so that
+they can be at rest.'
+
+17 But I will truly sing of thy strength;
+yea, I will sing joyfully in the morning of
+thy kindness; for thou hast been a defence
+imto me and a refuge on the day when I was
+distressed.
+
+18 Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing;
+for God is my defence, the God of my kind-
+ness.
+
+the wicked shall be frustrated." Rashi, "Before your
+briers become thorns, (ere the children of the wicked grow
+up,) the Lord will sweep them ofiF with might en like
+S'n) and in wrath." Mendelssohn, "When yet raw,
+scarcely warmed," &o.
+
+' Rashi, Aben Ezra, and Redak. Mendelssohn, simply,
+"for who heareth." Philippson, "but who hearotii
+I them?"
+
+' Rashi. Aben Ezra, "if they be not satisfied they
+will (not) rest." Philippson, "if they be not satisfied they
+will roam about all night;" which gives the same sense
+as the text, meaning, that the houseless dogs roam about
+all night unless they find enough to still their hunger,
+after which alone they will seek rest; and so the wicked
+roam about to commit injustice against the just.
+
+
+PSALMS LX.— LXIt.
+
+
+PSALM LX.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician upon Shushan-
+'eduth, a Michtham of David, to teach,
+
+2 "When he fought with Aram-naharayim,
+and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned,
+and sniot« of Edom in the Salt Valley twelve
+thousand (men).
+
+3 0 God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast
+made a breach in us, thou hast been dis-
+pleased: restore now unto us (thy favour).
+
+4 Thou hast caused the earth to quake;
+thou hast split it: heal her breaches; for she
+is moved.
+
+5 Thou hast caused thy people to see hard
+things : thou hast made us to drink the wine
+of confusion.
+
+6 Thou hast given to those that fear thee
+a banner," to elevate themselves, because of
+the truth. Selah.
+
+7 In order that thy beloved may be de-
+livered: help with thy right hand, and an-
+swer me.
+
+8 God hath spoken in his holiness: I will
+exult, I will divide Shechem, and the valley
+of Succoth will I measure out.
+
+9 Mine is Gil'ad, and mine is Menasseh ;
+Ephraim also is the strong-hold of my head;
+of Judah are my chiefs ;''
+
+10 Moiib is my wash pot; upon Edom will
+I cast my shoe : Philistia, triumph thou but
+over me.
+
+11 Who will bring me into the fortitied
+city? who will lead me as far as Edom?
+
+12 Behold, it is thou, 0 God, who hast
+cast us off; and thou, 0 God, goest not forth
+with our armies.
+
+13 Give us help against the assailant; for
+vain is the help of man.
+
+14 Through God shall we do valiantly:
+and he it is that will tread down our as-
+sailants.
+
+PSALM LXI.
+
+1 ^ To the chief mu.sician vipon Neginah,
+by David.
+
+2 Hear, 0 God, my entreaty; listen to my
+prayer.
+
+
+" As God's vassals a banner is given them, under
+which they are to inarch to victory, that truth may pre-
+vail.
+
+' Ilashi. Lit. "lawgiver," or "dispenser." Saehs
+;ind others, "sceptre," or "ruler's st:ift'."
+744
+
+
+3 Fi'om the end of the earth will I call
+unto thee, when my heart is overwhelmed:
+lead me to the rock that is too high for me.
+
+4 For thou hast been a shelter unto me, a
+strong tower against the enemy.
+
+5 Let me sojourn in th}- tent to all eter-
+nity; let me be sheltered under the covert of
+thy wings. Selah.
+
+6 For thou, 0 God, hast truly listened to
+my vows : thou hast given back" the heritage
+of those that fear thy name.
+
+7 Oh, add days unto the king's days: may
+his years be as of many generations.
+
+8 May he abide for ever before God : or-
+dain that kindness and truth may guard him.
+
+9 So will I sing praise unto thy name for
+ever, that I may pay my vows day«by day.
+
+PSALM LXIL
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, upon Jeduthun,
+a psalm of David.
+
+2 Only in God my soul trusted in silence:
+from him coraeth my salvation.
+
+3 Only he is my rock and my salvation;
+(he is) my defence: I shall not be greatly
+moved.
+
+4 How long will ye devise mischief against
+a man? will ye all assault him murderously,
+as though he were a falling wall, a tottering
+fence ?
+
+5 Yea, from his height do they take coun-
+sel to cast (him) down ; they delight in lies :
+with their mouth do they bless, but inwardly
+do they curse. Selah.
+
+6 Yea, in God hope in silence, my soul;
+for from him is my expectation.
+
+7 Only he is my rock and my salvation;
+(he is) my defence: I shall not be moved.
+
+8 With God are my salvation and my
+glory: the rock of my strength (and) my
+protection are in God.
+
+9 Trust in him at all times, 0 ye people ;
+pour out before him your heart: God is a
+protection for us. Selah.
+
+10 Verily nought are the sons of common
+men, a lie the sons of the great; they must
+rise in the balance; they are altogether
+(lighter) than nought.'^
+
+
+° Rashi. Others, "thou hast given (me) the lierit-
+age," &c.
+
+^ Sforno. Others render San with "a breath," hence,
+Mendelssohn, "ou the scale a breath will outweigh them
+all."
+
+
+PSALMS LXII.— LXV.
+
+
+11 Do not put your trust in defrauding,
+and be not rendered vain through robbeiy:
+if riches flourish, set not your heart (upon
+them) .
+
+12 Once hatli God spoken; (yea,) twice
+(what) I have lieard : that strength belongeth
+unto God.
+
+13 And unto thee, 0 Loi'd, belongeth kind-
+ness; for thou wilt recompense every man
+according to his works.
+
+PSALM LXIII.
+
+1 ^ A psalm of David, when he was in
+the wilderness of Judali.
+
+2 0 God, thou art my God; early will I
+seek thee: my soul thirsteth for thee, my
+flesh longeth for thee in a dry land, and it is
+faint without water.
+
+3 As" I have beheld thee in the sanctuary,
+seeing thy strength and thy glory;
+
+4 Because thy kindness is better than life,
+my lips shall praise thee:
+
+5 Thus will I bless thee while 1 live; in
+thy name will I lift up my hands.
+
+6 As with fat and marrow will my soul be
+satisfied; and with tuneful lips shall my
+mouth praise thee.
+
+7 When I rememljer thee upon my
+couch, 1 meditate on thee in the night-
+watches.
+
+8 Because thou hast been a help unto me;
+and in the shadow of thy wings will 1 sing
+rejoicingly.
+
+9 My soul cleaveth unto following thee:
+me thy right hand uplioldeth.
+
+10 But those that seek my soul, to destroy ||
+it, shall go down into the lowest deeps of the ]
+earth. " !j
+
+11 They shall be delivered up to the power
+of the sword : they shall become a prey for
+jackals.
+
+12 But the king shall rejoice in God:
+every one that sweareth by him shall glorify
+himself; for the mouth of those that speak
+falsehood shall be stopped. |
+
+° Philippson. Rashi connects this with the preceding
+verse, " my soul thirsteth — to see thy might and thy
+glory as I have beheld thee in the tabernacle at Shiloh."
+
+" Lit. "who bend their arrow." i
+
+" Aben Ezra; lit. "word." Jon.-tthan, "they fortify
+for themselves the evil word."
+
+'' After Philippson, who takes the sentence commenc-
+ing uon as indicating the words of the wicked ; notwith- i
+standing which device being resolved ou, each one keeps
+
+4 T
+
+
+PSALM LXIV.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+2 Hear my voice, 0 God, in my complaint :
+preserve my life from the dread of the enemy.
+
+3 Hide me from the secret counsel of evil-
+doers, from the tumultuous assault of the
+Avorkers of wickedness ;
+
+4 Who whet their tongue like a sword,
+who aim with'' their arrow, the bitter word :
+
+5 To shoot in secret at the innocent; sud-
+denly do they shoot at him, and fear not.
+
+6 They encourage themselves in an evil
+plan;" they tell secretly of laying snares:
+they say, Who will see them?
+
+7 They search out iniquities; "We are
+ready with the carefully searched out de-
+vice:" and the inward thought and heart of
+each is deeply (hidden).''
+
+8 But God shooteth at them suddenly (his)
+aiTOw; — (thence) are come their wounds.
+
+9 And their own tongues will stumble over
+themselves : all that look on them will shake
+their head.
+
+10 All men shall fear, and shall declare
+the deeds of God, and understand his works.
+
+11 The righteous shall rejoice in the Lord.
+and shall trust in him; and all the upright
+in heart shall glorify themselves.
+
+PSALM LXV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, a psalm (and)
+song of David.
+
+2 For thee prai.se is waiting,'" 0 God. in
+Zion : and unto thee shall vow^s be paid.
+
+3 0 thou that hearest prayer, unto thee
+all flesh shall come.
+
+4 The iniquitous things have become too
+mighty for me: our transgressions — these
+wilt thou wipe away.
+
+5 Happy is he whom thou choosest, and
+causest to approach, that he may dwell in thy
+courts: let us be satisfied with the happiness
+of thy house, the holiness*^ of thy temple.
+
+his thoughts hidden within his heart. E.ashi reads uaD
+"they have hidden — the well-considered device," &c.
+Others render, "they have accomplished."
+
+" Aben Ezra and Redak. Jonathan and Rashi, "Si-
+lence is praise to thee." Philippson, "unto thee gentle
+praise is due." Herxheinier combines both these views,
+"unto thee is due silence and praise."
+
+' Ra.shi, Mendelssohn, Sachs, ko. — The holiness will
+tlien be felt by man, when he is at peace with God.
+
+745
+
+
+PSALMS LXV.— LXVII.
+
+
+G With terrific deeds in righteousness wilt
+thou answer us, 0 God of our salvation, who
+art the confidence of all the ends of the earth,
+and of the sea, that are far away ;
+
+7 Who setteth firmly the mountains by his
+power, who is girded with might;
+
+8 Who assuageth the roaring of the seas,
+the roaring of their waves, and the tumult of
+nations.
+
+9 And they that dwell in the uttermost
+parts are afraid of thy wondrous signs: the
+outgoings" of the morning and evening thou
+causest to rejoice.
+
+10 Thou hast thought of the earth, and
+waterest her abundantly ; thou greatly en-
+richest her ; the brook of God is'' full of
+water : thou preparest their corn, when thou
+hast thus prepared her.'^
+
+11 Watering her furrows abundantly,
+smoothing down her ridges, thou softenest
+her with showers: thou blessest her growth.
+
+12 Thou hast crowned the year of thy
+goodness; and thy tracks drop ftitness.
+
+13 The pastures of the wilderness are drop-
+ping (with plenty) : and the hills are girt
+with gladness.
+
+14 The meadows are clothed with flocks,
+and the valleys are enveloped with corn:
+men shout for joy, (yea,) they also sing.
+
+PSALM LXVI.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, a song or
+'psalm. Shout joyfully unto God, all ye
+
+lands :
+
+2 Sing forth the glory of his name ; make
+glorious his praise.
+
+3 Say unto God, How fear-inspiring is
+every one of thy works ! through the great-
+ness of thy strength will thy enemies yield
+feigned obedience unto thee.
+
+4 All the lands shall bow themselves
+down unto thee, and shall sing praises unto
+thee; they shall sing praises to thy name.
+Selah.
+
+5 Come and see the deeds of God : fear-in-
+spiring is his doing toward the children of
+men.
+
+6 He changed the sea into dry land;
+
+° Philippson supplies, "the inhabitants of," /. e. those
+who live east and west. Others regard "the outgoing"
+as the stars that rise at the end of day, and the animals
+that go forth at the end of night, llashi, "men thank
+him for the ending of the day and night."
+7»0
+
+
+through the river they went on foot: there
+did we rejoice in him.
+
+7 He ruleth by his might for ever; his
+eyes look upon the nations: the rebellious —
+these shall not be exalted. Selah.
+
+8 Bles.s, 0 ye people, our God, and cause
+the voice of his praise to be heard :
+
+9 Who hath appointed our soul to life,
+and hath not suffered our foot to slip.
+
+10 For thou hast proved us, 0 God: thou
+hast refined us, as silver is refined.
+
+11 Thou hast brought us into the net;
+thou hast placed fetters ujjon our loins.
+
+12 Thou hast caused men to ride on our
+head: we entered into fire and into water;
+but thou broughtest us out to (the enjoy-
+ment) of overflowing plenty.
+
+13 I will enter thy house with burnt-offer-
+ings : I will pay unto thee my vows,
+
+14 Which my lips have uttered, and my
+mouth hath spoken, when I was in distress.
+
+1-5 Burnt-offerings of fatlings will I offer
+up unto thee, with the incense of rams; I
+will prepare steers with he-goats. Selah.
+
+16 Come, hear, and I will relate, all ye
+that fear God, what he hath done for my
+soul.
+
+17 Unto him I cried with my mouth, and
+a song of extolling was on my tongue.
+
+18 If I had looked on wickedness with my
+heart, the Lord would not have heard;
+
+19 But verily God hath heard; he hath
+listened to the A'oice of my prayer.
+
+20 Blessed be God, who hath not removed
+my prayer (from him), nor his kindness from
+me.
+
+PSALM LXVIL
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician on Neginoth, a
+psalm or song.
+
+2 May God be gracious unto us, and bless
+us; may he cause his face to shine upon*" us.
+Selali.
+
+3 That upon e.arth men may know thy
+way, among all nations thy salvation.
+
+4 The people will thank thee, 0 God ; the
+people, all of them together, will thank thee.
+
+5 Nations will rejoice and sing for joy:
+
+'■ God's rain — his overflowing brook — is abundant for
+all.
+
+° i. c. The earth : moistened by rain, she is prepared to
+prepare corn for man.
+
+■^ Hob. "with us"
+
+
+PSALMS LXVII. LXVlTi.
+
+
+when thou judgest the people righteously,
+and guidest the nations upon earth. Selah.
+
+6 The people will thank thee, 0 God; the
+people, all of them together, will thank thee.
+
+7 The earth yieldeth her products: (yea,)
+God, our own God, will bless us.
+
+8 God will bless us: and all the ends of
+the earth shall fear him.
+
+PSALM LXVIIL
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by David, a
+Psalm or song.
+
+2 Oh that God would arise, that his ene-
+mies might be scattered, and those that hate
+him might tlee before him.
+
+3 As smoke is driven off, so drive them
+away : as wax melteth before the fire, so let
+the wicked perish at the presence of God.
+
+4 But the righteous shall rejoice; tliey
+shall exult jjefore God : yea, they shall be
+exceedingly joyful."
+
+5 Sing unto God, sing praises to his name;
+extol him who rideth upon the heavens: the
+Everlasting is his name, and rejoice before
+him.
+
+6 A father of the fatherless, and a judge
+of the widows, is God in his holy habitation.
+
+7 God places those who are solitary in
+the midst of their families : he bringeth out
+those who are bound unto happiness ; but the
+rebellious dwell in a dry land.
+
+8 0 God, when thou didst go forth before
+thy people, when thou didst tread along
+through the wilderness — Selah —
+
+9 The earth quaked, also the heavens
+dropped at the presence of God: yea, this
+Sinai, at the presence of God, the God of
+Lsrael.
+
+10 Rain of beneficence'' didst thou pour
+down, () God, whereby thou didst trul)'
+strengthen thy heritage, when it was weary.
+
+11 Thy asseml)ly dwelt therein : thou didst
+prepare it with thy goodness for the afflicted
+(people), 0 God,
+
+" Lit. "they shall be glad in joy."
+
+•^ Philippson, "a rain of gifts," .such as the manna and
+the quails bestowed in the wilderness — not actual rain.
+But Rashi and others take it literally as rain, destructive
+to God's enemies — blessing to his people, nmj is lite-
+rally, " of liberalities," what is cheerfully, willingly given ;
+hence, "beneficence."
+
+' The Israelites, living in peace among their sheepfolds,
+shall resemble in their loveliness the dove, whose wings
+present a beautiful play of colours, silver and gold.
+
+
+12 The Lord gave (happy) tidings; they
+are publislied by the female messengers, a
+numerous host.
+
+13 The kings of the armies flee away — flee
+away : yet she that tarried at home divideth
+the spoil.
+
+14 When ye lie still between the folds" (of
+your cattle), (ye will be like) the Avings of
+the dove covered with silver, and her pinions
+shimng with flaming gold.
+
+16 When the Almighty scattered kings in
+the midst of her, then even in darkness shone
+light (as pure) as snow.''
+
+16 A mountain of God is the mount of Ba-
+shan ; many peaks hath the mount of Bashan
+
+17 Why watch ye enviou.sly, ye many
+peaked mountains, yonder mountain which
+God hath chosen for his residence? yea, the
+Lord will also dwell (there) for ever.
+
+18 The chariots of God are two myriads;
+thousands of angels (follow him) : the Lord
+is among them; so is Sinai holy (among
+mountains)."
+
+19 Thou didst ascend on high, lead away cap-
+tives, receive gifts among men, yea, even the
+rebellious, to dwell among them, 0 Lord God.
+
+20 Blessed be the Lord ; day by day he
+loadeth us (with benefits) f our God is our
+salvation. Sel>ah.
+
+21 Our God is to us the God of salvation;
+and by the Eternal the Lord are the escapes
+from death.
+
+22 But God will crush the head of his
+enemies, the hairy skull of him who walketh
+in his guiltiness.
+
+23 The Lord hath said. From Bashan will
+I bring liack, I will bring back from the
+depths of the sea :
+
+24 In order that thou mayest^ wade with
+thy feet in blood, feeding the tongue of thy
+dogs from the enemies' blood.
+
+25 Men see thy goings forth, O God! the
+goings forth of my God, my King, into the
+sanctuary.
+
+"■ Sforno. When God's retribution falls on the op-
+pressors, then even the oppressed feel joy and ea.se. "In
+her," is the land of Israel.
+
+'-After Mendelssohn. Lit. "Sinai (is) in the sanc-
+tuary." Sachs, Philippson, and others render literally,
+and explain, "the glory of God is transferred from Sinai
+into the sanctuary on Zion."
+
+' Kashi, Iledak, &c. Philippson, " if man lay burdens
+on us, God is our help."
+
+^ Rashi, "crush the enemy and wade in blood."
+
+747
+
+
+PSALMS LXVIII. LXIX.
+
+
+26 First come singers, then follow players
+on . instruments, in the midst of maidens
+playing on timbrels.
+
+27 In assemblies bless ye God, (praise) the
+Lord, ye sprung from Israel's fountain.
+
+28 There Benjamin the youngest leadeth
+them on, the princes of Jiulah in purple
+roljes," the princes of Zebulun, the princes of
+Naphtali.
+
+29 Thy God hath ordained the rule to
+thee : strengthen, 0 God, what thou hast
+wrought for us.
+
+00 Because of thy temple over Jerusalem
+shall kings bring presents unto thee.
+
+:^)1 Rebuke the wild beasts hiding among
+the reeds, the troop of steers among the
+calves of nations, that hasten along with pre-
+sents of silver. He scattereth nations that are
+eager for the fight.
+
+32 Nobles will come out of Egypt: Ethi-
+opia will stretch forth eagerlv her hands unto
+God.
+
+33 Kingdoms of the earth, sing unto God;
+sing praises unto the Lord; Selah;
+
+34 To him who rideth over the highest
+heavens, of ancient days: hear! he sendeth
+forth his voice, the voice of might.
+
+35 Ascribe ye strength unto God: his ex-
+cellency is over Israel, and his strength is in
+the skies.
+
+36 Thou art tremendous, O (iod, from thy
+holy residences: 0 God of Israel, (thou art)
+he that givest strength and power unto (thy)
+people. Blessed be God.
+
+PSALM LXIX.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician upon Shoshan-
+uim, by David.
+
+2 Save me, 0 God; for the waters are
+come even to threaten my life.''
+
+3 I am sunk in the mire of the deep,
+where there is no standing: I am come into
+the depths of the waters, and the flood
+overfloweth me.
+
+4 I am weary of my (railing; my throat is
+hoarse; my eyes fail, while I hope for my God.
+
+5 More than the hairs of my head are
+those that hate me without a cause; nume-
+rous are those that would destroy m(\ that
+are my enemies wrongfully: what I have not
+robbed shall I now" restore.
+
+
+6 0 God, thou art well aware of m}' folly,
+and my guilty deeds are from thee not hid-
+den.
+
+7 Let not those that wait on thee, 0 Lord
+Eternal of hosts, be made ashamed through
+me : let not those that seek thee be confounded
+through me, 0 God of Israel.
+
+8 Because for thy sake have I borne re-
+proach, hath confusion covered my face.
+
+9 A stranger am I become unto my bro-
+thers, and an alien unto my mother's chil-
+dren.
+
+10 Because the zeal for thy house hath de-
+voured me; and the reproaches of those that
+reproached thee are fallen upon me.
+
+11 When I wept at the fasting of my soul,
+it became a reproach to me.
+
+12 And when I made sackcloth my gar-
+ment, I became a proverb to them.
+
+13 Those that sit in the gate talk against
+me; and (about me make) songs the drinkers
+of strong drink.
+
+14 But as for me, I direct my prayer unto
+thee, 0 Lord, in a time of favour; 0 God, in
+the multitude of thy kindness: answer me in
+the truth of thy salvation.
+
+15 Deliver me out of the mire, that I may
+not sink : let me be delivered from those that
+hate me, and out of the depths of the waters.
+
+10 Let not the flood of waters overflow me,
+and let not the deep swallow me up, and let
+not the pit close its mouth upon me.
+
+17 Answer me, 0 Lord; tor thy kindness
+is good: according to the multitude of thy
+mercies turn thou unto me.
+
+18 And hide not thy face from thy ser-
+vant; for I am in distress: make haste and
+answer me.
+
+19 Draw nigh unto my soul, and redeem
+it: because of my enemies do tliou ransom
+me.
+
+20 Thou well knowest my reproach, and
+my shame, and my confusion : before thee
+are all my assailants.
+
+21 Reproach hath broken my heart; and
+I am sick: and I waited for jiity, but there
+was none; and for comforters, hut I found
+none.
+
+22 And they put into my food gall; and in
+my thirst they give me vinegar to drink.
+
+23 May (then) their table become a snare
+
+
+Mlmi;
+7J8
+
+
+clu'iii. Others, "with tlieiv fronps "
+
+
+,it "up to tlu' soul.
+
+
+" Pliilippson.
+
+
+PSALMS LXIX.— LXXT.
+
+
+before them : and to those that are at peace,
+a trap.
+
+24 May their ejes become dark, that they
+cannot see; and make their loins continually
+to waver.
+
+25 Pour out over them thy indignation,
+and let the heat of thy anger overtake them.
+
+26 May their palace become desolate: in
+their tents let no one dwell.
+
+27 For whom thou hast smitten they per-
+secute; and of the pain of those whom thou
+hast wounded do they converse.
+
+28 Lay guilt upon their guilt; and let
+them not come into thy rigiiteousness.
+
+29 Let them be blotted out of the book of
+the living; and with the righteous let them
+not be written down.
+
+30 But I am poor and suffering: let thy
+salvation, 0 God, set me up on high.
+
+31 I will praise the name of God with
+song, and Avill magnify him with thanksgiv-
+ing.
+
+32 And this will please the Lord better
+than an ox or bullock having horns and
+cloven hoofs.
+
+33 The meek will see this, and be rejoiced :
+ye that seek God, and your heart shall revive.
+
+34 For the Lord listeneth unto the needy,
+and his prisoners he despiseth not.
+
+35 Let heaven mid earth praise him, the
+seas, and every tiling that moveth therein.
+
+36 For God will save Zion, and will build
+the cities of Judah : that tliey may abide
+there, and have it in possession;
+
+37 And the seed of his servants shall in-
+herit it; and they tli;it love his name shall
+dwell therein.
+
+PSALM LXX.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by David, to
+bring to remembrance."
+
+2 0 God, (ari.se) to deliver me; 0 Lord,
+make haste to help me.
+
+3 Let those that seek after my life be made
+ashamed and put to the blush : let those that
+desire m_y unhappiness be turned backward
+and put to confusion.
+
+4 Let them be turned backwai'd in conse-
+quence of their shame, that say, Aha, aha.''
+
+
+" Rashi explains this here to be a species of prayer.
+'' Either a term of rejoicing at his distress, or one of
+contempt aud insult.
+
+
+5 Let all those that seek thee be glad and
+rejoice in thee ; and let such as love thy sal-
+vation say continually, God is great.
+
+6 But I am poor and needy, 0 God; conic
+hastily unto me; my help and my deliverer
+art thou : 0 Lord, do not delay.
+
+PSALM LXXL
+
+1 ][ In thee, O Lord, do I put my trust;
+let me never be made ashamed.
+
+2 In thy righteousness do thou deliver me
+and release me: incline thy ear unto me. and
+save me.
+
+3 Be thou unto me a rocky haljitation,
+whereunto I may continually resort, which
+thou hast ordained to save me; for m}- rock
+and my strong-hold art thou.
+
+4 0 my God, release me out of the hand
+of the wicked, out of the grasp of the unright-
+eous and violent man.
+
+5 For thou art my hope, 0 Lord Eternal:
+thou art my trust from my youth.
+
+6 By thee have I been supported from my
+birth; thou art he that took" me out of my
+mother's womb: of thee is my praise con-
+tinually.
+
+7 As a wonderful token have I been unto
+many ; but thou art my strong refuge.
+
+8 My mouth shall be tilled with thy praise,
+and with thy glory all the day.
+
+9 Cast me not off in the time of old age:
+when my strength laileth, forsake me not.
+
+1(1 For my enemies speak of me; and they
+that watch for my soul take counsel together,
+
+11 Saying, '-God hath forsaken him: pur-
+sue and seize him; for there is none to de-
+liver."
+
+12 0 God, be not far from me: 0 my God,
+hasten to my help.
+
+13 Let those be made ashamed, let them
+perish, that are adversaries to my soul: let
+those be covered with reproach and dishonour
+that seek my unhappiness.
+
+14 But I will continually hope, and will
+add yet more to all thy praise.
+
+15 My mouth shall relate thy righteous-
+ness, all the day thy salvation; for I know
+not their numbers.
+
+16 I will come to praise the mighty deeds
+
+
+"Jonathan. Others take "tj as "my refuge;" thus,
+"thou art my refuge since I escaped from my mother's
+
+WOUili."
+
+749
+
+
+PSALMS LXXI. LXXII.
+
+
+of the Lord Eternal : I will make mention of
+thy righteousness, yea, thine only.
+
+17 0 God, thou hast taught me from my
+youth: and hitherto I ever tell of thy won-
+drous deeds.
+
+18 Therefore also even in old age, and
+when I am grayheaded, 0 God, forsake me
+not: until I have told of thy strength unto
+(this) generation, to every one that may
+come of thy might.
+
+19 And thy righteousness, 0 God, reach-
+etli even to the height, thou, w^ho hast done
+great things : 0 God, w^ho is like thee I
+
+20 Thou, who hast showai me great dis-
+tresses and misfortunes, wilt again revive me;
+and from the depths of the earth wilt thou
+bring me up again.
+
+21 Thou wilt increase my greatness, and
+wilt turn round and comfort me.
+
+22 Also I, I will thank thee with the
+psaltery, (for) thy truth, 0 my God: I will
+sing unto thee with the harp, 0 thou Holy
+One of Israel.
+
+23 My lips shall shout joyfully when I
+sing unto thee; and my soul (too), which
+thou hast redeemed.
+
+24 Also my tongue shall speak all the
+day of thy righteousness; for ashamed, for
+put to the blush are those that seek my un-
+ha2:)piness.
+
+PSALM LXXII.
+
+1 •[[ By* Solomon. 0 God, give unto the
+king thy decisions,*" and thy righteousness
+unto the king's son.
+
+2 He shall decide for thy people with right-
+sousness, and for thy afflicted with justice.
+
+3 The mountains shall bear peace for the
+people, and the hills (the same), through
+righteousness.
+
+4 He shall judge the afflicted of the peo-
+ple, he shall give help to the children of tlie
+needy ; but he shall crush the oppressor.
+
+5 They shall fear thee as long as the sun
+shineth, and in the presence of the moon,
+throughout all generations.
+
+
+" llasbi and others, "for," as though it were composed
+by David or some other poet iu reference to Solomon.
+
+*• This is explained by Rashi, "the wisdom of thy de-
+ejsions according to the law."
+750
+
+
+6 He shall come down like rain upon the
+mown grass, as showers which are dropping
+on the earth.
+
+7 In his days shall the righteous flourish;
+and abundance of peace (shall be) till the
+moon shall be no more.
+
+8 And he shall have dominion from sea to
+sea, and from the river unto the ends of the
+earth.
+
+9 Before him shall bend down those that
+dwell in the wilderness; and his enemies
+shall lick the dust.
+
+10 The kings of Tharshish and of the isles
+shall bring presents : the kings of Sheba and
+Seba shall offer gifts.
+
+11 Yea, there shall l^ow down before him
+all kings : all nations shall serve him.
+
+12 For he will deliver the needy when
+he crieth; the afflicted also, who hath no
+helper.
+
+13 He will spare the poor and needy; and
+the souls of the needy will he assist.
+
+14 From wrong and violence will he de-
+liver their soul; and precious shall their
+blood be in his eyes.
+
+15 And he shall live; and he" Avill give
+him of the gold of Sheba : and he will pray
+in his behalf continually; all the time will he
+bless him.
+
+16 There shall be an abundance of corn in
+the land; upon the top of the mountains its
+fruit shall shake like (the trees of) Lebanon :
+and (men) shall blossom out of the city like
+herbs of the earth.
+
+17 His name will endure for ever; in the
+presence of the sun his name shall tlouri.sh;
+and men shall bless themselves with him : all
+nations shall call him happy.
+
+18 Blessed be the Lord the God, the
+God of Israel, who alone doth wondrous
+things.
+
+19 And blessed be his glorious name for
+ever; and with his glory may the whole
+earth be filled: Amen, and Amen.
+
+20 Here are ended the prayers of David
+the son of Jesse.
+
+" Philippson comments, " The poor shall live, and give
+presents to the king (after the custom of the East) from
+the property which he has recovered for him from those
+who had withheld it from him, and pray also for his
+welfare."
+
+
+PSALMS LXXIII. LXXIV.
+
+
+BOOK TIimD.
+
+
+PSALM LXXIIL
+
+
+1 ^ A Psalm of Assaph. Truly God is
+good to Israel, to such as are pure of heart.
+
+2 But as for me, it lacked but little that
+my feet had been moved : almost nothing was
+needed that my steps had slipped.
+
+3 For I was envious at the arrogant, when
+I saw the prosperity of the wicked.
+
+4 For there are no deadly fetters for them ;"
+but their strength is firm.*'
+
+5 They share not in the trouble of mortals,
+and with men are they not afflicted.
+
+6 Therefore is pride their neck-chain:
+violence envelopeth them as a garment."
+
+7 Their eyes start out from fatness: they
+have exceeded their heart's imaginings.''
+
+8 They scorn, and speak wickedly of op-
+pression : loftily do they speak.
+
+9 They set their mouth in the heavens,
+and their tongue walketh busily on the earth.
+
+10 Therefore do his people turn away
+hither: and waters of a full cup are drained
+by" them.
+
+11 And they say, How should God know?
+and is there knowledge in the Most High?
+
+12 Behold, these are the wicked; and
+yet prospering continually they increase in
+wealth.
+
+13 Verily in vain have I thus cleansed
+my heart, and have washed in innocency my
+hands :
+
+14 While I was afflicted all the day, and
+my chastisement (came) every morning.
+
+15 But if I were to say, I will speak thus:
+behold, I would be treacherous*' against the
+generation of thy children.
+
+16 And when I should think to know this,
+it would be trouble in my eyes:
+
+" Lit. "there are no fetters to tbeir death."
+
+"Lit. "fat."
+
+' Redak and Jonathan, " the crown they put on their
+head is obtained by violence." llashi and iSiorno render
+n'ly with "shame:" "their violently obtained wealth
+covercth their shame."
+
+" Rashi, "they have obtained more than their heart's
+desire." Philippson, "the imaginings of their heart
+swclleth over."
+
+" Jonathan takes the first part of the verse as saying
+that the wicked fall upon the people of God, "and many
+tears are wrung from tUem."
+
+
+17 Until I enter into the sanctuary of God;
+and understand what their future will be.
+
+18 Surely thou placest them on slippery
+spots: thou lettest them fall down into de-
+struction.
+
+19 How are they brought into desolation,
+as in a moment! they perish, they come to
+their end with terrific events.^
+
+20 As a dream after awaking, 0 Lord, re-
+ject thou in wrath'' their image.
+
+21 For it fermented in my heart, and in
+my reins I felt sharp thrusts;
+
+22 But I was indeed foolish, and I knew
+it not : I was as a (thoughtless) beast witli
+thee.
+
+23 Nevertheless I am continually with
+thee: thou hast seized hold of me by my
+right hand.
+
+24 With thy counsel wilt thou guide me,
+and afterward take me on to glory.
+
+25 Whom have I in heaven? and beside
+thee I desire nothing upon earth.
+
+26 Though my tlesh and my heart should
+fail: yet the rock of my heart, and my por-
+tion will be God for ever.
+
+27 For, lo, those that are far from thee
+shall perish : thou destroyest every one that
+strayeth away from thee.
+
+28 But as regardeth me, to draw near to
+God is good for me: I have put in the Lord
+Eternal my trust, that I may relate all thy
+works.'
+
+PSALM LXXIV.
+
+1 ][ A Maskil of Assaph. Why, 0 God,
+hast thou cast us off" for ever? why will
+thy anger smoke against the flock of thy
+pasture ?
+
+2 Remember thy congregation, which thou
+
+' Rashi, "I would make them all traitors;" but Phi-
+lippson, "Speaking thus would bring him in contradiction
+to the pious — the sons of God, preeminently so called."
+
+^ Sachs, "as a shadowy image." Mendelssohn, "ter-
+rific vision."
+
+'' Jonathan. Rashi, Redak, and Aben Ezra, "in the
+city," either Jerusalem where they have done much evil,
+or any other whore they were honoured. Moderns render
+I'iO as -I'i'nn "in awaking;" and Philippson, "Thou re-
+jectest their vain plans when thou wakest them up."
+Sachs, "when they awake."
+
+' Jonathan, "all the ordinances of thy messages."
+
+751
+
+
+PSALMS LXXIV. LXXV.
+
+
+didst acquire of old ; which thou didst redeem
+as the tribe of thy inheritance : this mount
+Zion, whereon thou hast dwelt.
+
+3 Lift up th}' steps" unto the perjietual
+heaps of ruins: the enemy hath ill-used every
+thing in the sanctuary.
+
+4 Thy adversaries have roared in the
+midst of thy places of assembly: they have
+set up their signs for signs.
+
+5 (The enemy) is known as one that lifteth
+up high axes against the thickets of a forest.
+
+6 And now they hew in pieces the carved
+work thereof altogether with hatchets and
+hammers.
+
+7 They have set on fire thy sanctuary : to
+the ground have they profimed the dwelling-
+place of thy name.
+
+8 They have said in their heart, We will
+oppress* them altogether: they have burnt up
+all tiie places of assembly of God in the land.
+
+9 Our signs do we not see; there is no
+more any prophet: and there is no one
+among us that knoweth how long.
+
+10 How long, 0 God, shall the adversary
+utter defiance? shall the enemy blaspheme
+thy name for ever?
+
+11 Why withdrawest thou thy hand, and
+thy riglit hand? (draw it) out of thy bosom
+— exterminate (them) ;
+
+12 Since (thou) God art my King from
+olden days, working salvation in the midst of
+the earth.
+
+13 It was thou that didst divide by thy
+strength the sea: thou brokest in pieces the
+heads of the crocodiles" on the waters.
+
+14 Thou didst crush the heads of levia-
+than, and gavest them as food to the people
+inhabiting the wilderness.
+
+15 Thou didst cleave fountain and stream :
+thou didst dry up ever-flowing* rivers.
+
+
+' Redak; but Rashi, "thy blows and terrors that they
+be to the enemy as perpetual destructions, because of
+the evil, &c."
+
+'■ Jonathan, "Tlicir children (or: from p 'child') alto-
+frether said iu their heart, whose fathers have," &c. Rashi,
+"their rulers;" but Redak and others, from T\y "to op-
+press," "to overreach."
+
+° D'y:n is rendered by Philippson here "crocodile,"
+by others, "dragons;" and jn'lS "leviathan" in next verse
+with "dragon." But the words are like many proper
+and generic names in Scripture, nut certain in their pre-
+cise signification.
+
+' Lit. "mighty," or those the water of which has a con-
+stant flow and does not dry up in the hottest summer.
+752
+
+
+16 Thine is the day and thine is the
+night : it is thou who hast prepared the lumi-
+nary and the sun.
+
+1 7 It is thou who hast set up all the bound-'
+aries of the earth : sununer and winter — thou
+thyself hast formed them.
+
+18 Remember this, that the enemy hatli
+defied the Lord, and that a worthless foolish
+people have blasphemed thj' name.
+
+19 Oh give not up unto the multitude of
+enemies the soul of tliy turtle-dove : the con-
+gregation" of thy afflicted do not thou forget
+for ever.
+
+20 Look unto the covenant; for the dark
+places of the earth are full of the habitations
+of violence.
+
+21 Oh let not the oppressed return
+confounded: let the poor and needy praise
+thy name.
+
+22 Arise, 0 God, plead thy own cause :
+remember thy defiance from the worthless
+fool all tlie day.
+
+23 Forget not the voice of thy adversaries:
+the tumult of those that rise up against thee
+ascendeth continually.
+
+PSALM LXXV.
+
+1 T[ To the chief musician, Al-tashclieth,
+a psalm or song of Assaph.
+
+2 We give thanks unto thee, 0 God, we
+give thanks, and nigh is thy name:' men re-
+late thy wondrous deeds.
+
+3 " For- I will take up a fixed time when I
+will judge uprightly.
+
+4 The earth and all her inhabitants are
+melting away: I myself establish firmly lier
+pillars." Selah.
+
+5 I said unto the arrogant. Deal not arro-
+gantly: and to the wicked, Lit\ not up the
+horn.
+
+
+' The 1"jj» n-n is given by Rashi, " the life of thy," &c.
+Others render n'nS "to beast of prey," as though it were
+written mKTl irnS "to the beasts of the field." I'iiilipp-
+son connects tysj n'vh and renders, "Give not up to the
+savage soul thy dove, the soul of tliy afflicted do not for-
+get for ever." Jonathan renders •p\r\ with "the teachers
+of thy law."
+
+' Rashi, "it is in our mouth continually."
+^ Rashi regards this and the next verse as ap]ilied to
+Israel, who at their appointed festivals act according to
+the ordinances of God, and not riotously like the nations
+at their feasts, and who sustained the world by their re-
+ceiving the Law. Others take these verses as .spoken by
+God, who will judge the world at the time fixed by him.
+
+
+PSALMS LXXV.— LXXVII.
+
+
+6 Lift not up on high your horn, speak
+not with a stiftl}' erect neck.
+
+7 For neither from the rising (of the sun),
+nor from (his) setting-, nor fi'om the wilder-
+ness of mountains (cometh this) f
+
+8 But God is the judge: he lowereth one,
+and lifteth up another.
+
+9 For there is a cup in the hand of tlie
+Lord, and the wine foameth, it is full of mix-
+ture; and he poureth out of the same; hut
+its lees they drain, they drink — all the wick-
+ed of the earth.
+
+10 But I will declare for ever, I will sing
+praises to the God of Jacob.
+
+11 And all the horns of the wicked will I
+hew off; l)ut the horns of the righteous shall
+be exalted.
+
+PSALM LXXVI.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician on Neginoth, a
+psalm or song of Assaph.
+
+2 In Judah hath God been made known :
+in Israel is his name gi'eat.
+
+3 And in Salem was his tabernacle made,
+and his dwelling-place in Zion.
+
+4 There broke he the shining'' arrows of
+the bow. shield, and sword, and battle.
+Selah.
+
+5 Thou art more brilliant, more excellent
+than the mountains (full) of prey.''
+
+G Bereft of reason'' are the stouthearted,
+they slumber their sleep : and none of the men
+of might have found (the use of)" their hands.
+
+7 From thy rebuke, 0 God of Jacob, lie
+in deep sleep both chariot and horse.
+
+8 Thou — thou art to be feared : and who
+may stand in thy sight when once thy anger
+(is kindled) ?
+
+9 From heaven hast thou caused (thy)
+sentence to be heard: the earth feared, and
+became still.
+
+
+' This verse is given after Rashi.
+
+'' Redak. Rashi, " the winged messengers of the
+bow." .Jonathan, "arrows and bows." Sachs and
+others, "the sparkling bow."
+
+° i. e. Those inaccessible mountains where prey is
+placed for safety ; but all of these avail nothing against
+the power of God, before whom their security is nought.
+
+'' Rashi. Redak, " plundered," or " despoiled."
+
+' Lit. " they have not found their hands," /. c. when they
+wanted to strike, their hands were powerless.
+
+' Rashi, " When the wicked are punished, mankind see
+that against God their fury is nothing;" hence they con-
+fess and praise his power. The fury of men is the weapon
+4U
+
+
+10 When God rose to judgment, to save
+all the lowly of the earth. Selah.
+
+11 For the fury of man shall praise^ thee:
+the remainder of the fury wilt thou gird
+about thee.
+
+12 Make vows, and pay (them) unto the
+Lord your God, all ye that are round about
+hira : let men bring presents unto him that
+exciteth fear.
+
+13 He wall cut down the spirit of the
+powerful : he is terrible to the kings of the
+earth.
+
+PSALM LXXVII.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician on Jeduthun,
+by Assaph a psalm.
+
+2 (I lift up) my voice unto God, and I
+cry; (I lift up) my voice unto God: do then
+give ear unto me.
+
+3 On the day of my distress I sought the
+Lord; in the night my hand was stretched
+out, and did not cease: my soul refused to
+be comforted.
+
+4 I think of God, and moan : I reflect, and
+my spirit is overwhelmed. Selah.
+
+5 Thou boldest my eyes awake : I am
+troubled and I cannot speak.
+
+6 I think over the days of old, the years
+of ancient times.
+
+7 I call to remembrance my song in the
+night ; with my own heart I reflect : and my
+spirit maketh diligent search.
+
+8 Will the Lord cast me oft' for ever? and
+will he never more give his favour again?
+
+9 Is his kindness spent for ever? is his
+promise come to an end for all generations?
+
+10 Hath God forgotten to be gracious? or
+hath he shut up in anger his mercies? Selah.
+
+11 And I said, This shall be my entreaty,
+(for) the years of the right hand^' of the Most
+High.
+
+
+of God (girt about him) with which they are punished,
+while they retain but a remnant of their rebellion against
+their Maker. Others render the last part of the verse,
+"the remainder of the fury thou wilt restrain."
+
+^ ?'. e. That time when God will again vindicate the
+cause of his people; the ri'jht Itaitd, metaphorical for
+power. So do Philippsou and Sachs translate after an
+ancient Chaldean paraphrase inserted in .Jonathan. Rashi,
+" My thoughts tell me, This is not so ; but only to afflict
+me and to influence me with fear to return unto him, is
+the right hand of God changed, (niw not "years," then,
+but "changes,") which, formerly prevailing with might
+crushed the enemy, hath now withdrawn itself."
+
+
+PSALMS LXXVII. LXXVIII.
+
+
+12 I will remember the deeds of the Lord;
+for I will remember out of ancient times thy
+wonders.
+
+13 I will meditate also of all thy work,
+and on thy deeds will I reflect.
+
+14 0 God, in holiness is thy way : where
+is there a god so great <as God?
+
+15 Thou art the God that dost wonders:
+thou hast made known among the people thy
+strength.
+
+16 Thou hast redeemed with (a mighty)
+arm thy people, the sons of Jacob and Joseph.
+Selah.
+
+17 The waters saw thee, 0 God, the waters
+saw thee; they shook: also the depths
+trembled.
+
+18 The clouds poured out water; the skies
+sent forth thunder: also thy arrows sped along.
+
+19 The voice of thy thunder was in the
+whirlwind;" lightnings gave light to the
+world; the earth trembled and quaked.
+
+'20 Through the sea led thy way, and thy
+path was through mighty waters, and thy
+footsteps could not be known.
+
+21 Thou didst lead like a flock thy people
+by means of Moses and Aaron.
+
+PSALM LXXVIII.
+
+1 ^ A Maskil of Assaph. Give ear, 0 my
+people, to my instruction : incline your ear
+to the words of my mouth.
+
+2 I will open with a parable my mouth ; I
+will utter riddles out of ancient times ;
+
+3 Which we have heard and know, and
+which our fathers have related unto us.
+
+4 We will not conceal them from their
+children, relating to the latest genei'ation the
+praises of the Lord, and his strength, and his
+wonderful deeds which he hath done.
+
+5 Yea, he established a testimony in Jacob,
+and instituted a law in Israel, which he com-
+manded our fathers, that they should make
+them known to their children:
+
+6 In order that the latest generation might
+know tliem, even the children that are to be
+born ; that they may arise and relate them
+to their children;
+
+7 That they may place in God their hope,
+and not forget the doings of God, but observe
+his commandments;
+
+
+• Mendelssohn. Rashi, "by the rattling (jf the voice
+of thy thunder."
+764
+
+
+8 And that they may not be like their
+fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation;
+a generation that had not directed their heart
+firmly, and whose spirit was not faithful to
+God.
+
+9 The children of Ephraim, like well-
+armed archers, that turn round on the day
+of battle,
+
+10 Kept not the covenant of God, and in
+his law they refused to walk;
+
+11 And they forgot his deeds, as also his
+w^onders which he had permitted them to see.
+
+12 In the presence of their fathers did he
+do wonders, in the land of Egypt, in the fields
+of Zo'an.
+
+13 He divided the sea, and caused them to
+pass through; and he made the waters stand
+upright as a wall.
+
+14 And he led them with the cloud by
+day, and all the night with a light of fire.
+
+15 He split rocks in the wilderness, and
+gave them drink as out of the mighty deep.
+
+10 And he brought forth running streams
+out of the rock, and caused water to run down
+like rivers.
+
+17 But they repeated to sin yet more
+against him, rebelling against the Most High
+in the desert.
+
+18 And they tempted God in their heart,
+by asking food for their desire.
+
+19 Yea, they spoke against God: they
+said, Will God be able to set in order a table
+in the wilderness?
+
+20 Behold, he smote the rock, so that
+waters gushed out, and streams overflowed :
+shall he also be able to give bread ? or can
+he provide flesh lor his people ?
+
+21 Therefore, when the Lord heard this,
+he became wroth : and a fire was kindled
+against Jacob, and anger also ascended
+against Israel;
+
+22 Because they had not believed in God,
+and had not trusted in his salvation.
+
+23 Then he ordained the skies from above,
+and the doors of heaven he opened ;
+
+24 And he let rain down upon them manna
+to eat, and the corn of heaven gave he unto
+them.
+
+25 Angels' bread did man eat: he sent
+them provision to satisfaction.
+
+2G He caused an east wind to pass along
+the heavens : and he led forth by his strength
+the south wind.
+
+
+PSALM LXXVIII.
+
+
+27 And he let rain upon them flesh (as
+plentiful) as the dust, and winged birds like
+the sand of the sea;
+
+28 And he let them fall in the midst of
+their eamp, round about their habitations.
+
+29 And they ate, and were greatly satisfied,
+and what they longed for he brought unto
+them.
+
+30 They were not estranged from their
+longing, yet was their food in their mouth :
+
+31 when the wrath of God ascended
+against them, and he slew some of the fattest
+of them, and the young men of Israel did he
+strike down.
+
+32 With all this they sinned again, and
+believed not in his wonders.
+
+33 Therefore he caused tlieir days to come
+to an end in nought, and their years in dread.
+
+34 When he slew them, then did they
+seek him, and they retui-ned and inquired
+earnestly after God.
+
+35 And they remembered that God was
+their rock, and the most high God their re-
+deemer.
+
+36 Nevertheless they prayed insincerely
+to him with their mouth, and with tlieir
+tongue they lied unto him.
+
+37 For their heart was not firm with him,
+and they were not faithful in his covenant.
+
+38 But he, being merciful, forgave" the
+iniquity, and destroyed (them) not: yea.
+many a time turned he his anger away, and
+did not awaken all his fury.
+
+39 And he remembered that they are but
+flesh, a spii'it'' that passeth away, and re-
+turneth not again.
+
+•iU How oft did they rebel against him in
+the wilderness, grieve him in the desert!
+
+41 Yea, they once more tempted God, and
+set'' limits to the Holy One of Israel.
+
+42 They remembered not his hand, the
+day when he ransomed them from the
+adversary ;
+
+43 When he displayed in Egypt his signs,
+and his wonderful tokens in the flelds of Zo'an.
+
+44 And he changed their rivers into blood :
+
+
+" The coustruction of the verse is in the future tense in
+the text, giving it thus a general sense, that God is al-
+ways merciful and acts up to the same measure of good-
+ness he showed the Israelites in the desert.
+
+'' When death takes place, the spirit leaves the body
+nnd returns not to it in the course of nature; and death
+would be final unless the Creator himself gave new life.
+
+
+and their rumiing streams, that they could
+not drink (of them).
+
+45 He sent out among them various wild
+beasts, which devoiu'ed them; and frogs,
+which destroyed tliem.
+
+46 And he gave unto the cricket their pro-
+ducts, and their labour unto the locust.
+
+47 He slew with hail their vines, and their
+sycamore-trees with ice-l)olts.'*
+
+48 And he surrendered to the hail their
+cattle, and their herds to the lightning's
+flashes.
+
+49 He let loose against them the fierceness
+of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and dis-
+tress, a host of angels of misfortune.
+
+50 He levelled a path for his anger; he
+withheld not from death their soul, and their
+life he surrendered to the pestilence ;
+
+51 And he smote all the first-born in
+Egypt; the first of their strength in the tents
+of Ham ;
+
+52 But he caused his own people to depart
+like flocks, and guided them like a drove in
+the wilderness.
+
+53 And he led them in safety, so tiiat tliey
+felt no dread; but the sea covered over their
+enemies.
+
+54 And he brought them to his holy terri-
+tory, even to this mount, which his right
+hand had acquired.
+
+55 And he drove out from before them na-
+tions, and divided them by the measuring-
+line as an inheritance, and he caused to dwell
+in their tents the tribes of Israel.
+
+56 Yet they tempted and rebelled against
+the most high God, and his testimonies they
+kept not;
+
+57 But swerved aside, and dealt unfaith-
+fully like their fathers; they turned about
+like a deceitfid bow.
+
+58 And they provoked him to anger Avith
+their high-jjlaces, and with tlieir graven
+images they moved him to jealous}'.
+
+59 God heard this, and he became wroth,
+and felt greatly disgusted with Israel ;
+
+60 And he cast oft' the dwelling at Shiloh,"
+
+" So Aben Ezra and Eedak ; meaning, they pretended
+that his power was exhausted by what he had done.
+Rashi, "they prescribed signs to God," wanted proof that
+he was with them. (Exod. svii. 7.) Sachs, "they
+pained."
+
+* Philippson. Rashi, "a species of locusts."
+" The place where Joshua erected the tabernacle.
+
+756
+
+
+PSALMS LXXVIII.— LXXX.
+
+
+the tabernacle where he had dwelt' among
+men ;
+
+61 And he gave up his strength unto cap-
+tivity, and his glory into the adversary's
+hand.
+
+62 And he surrendered his people unto
+the sword; and with his inheritance was he
+wroth.
+
+63 His young men the fire devoured; and
+his virgins were not demanded in marriage.
+
+64 His priests fell b}- the sword; and his
+Avidows did not weep.
+
+65 Then awoke the Lord as one that sleep-
+eth, like a mighty man that shouteth by rea-
+son of wine.
+
+66 And he smote his enemies backward:
+a perpetual disgrace laid he on them.
+
+67 Yet was he disgusted with the tent of
+Joseph, and of the tribe of Ephraim lie made
+not choice;
+
+68 But he chose the tribe of Judah, the
+mount Zion which he loved.
+
+69 And he built like high (mountains)''
+his sanctuary, like the earth which he hath
+ibunded for ever.
+
+70 And he made choice of David his ser-
+vant, and took him from the sheep-folds :
+
+71 From following the ewes with young
+he brought him, to feed Jacob his peoj^le, and
+Israel his inheritance.
+
+72 And he fed them according to the in-
+tegrity of his heart; and by the skilfulness
+of his hands did he lead them.
+
+PSALM LXXIX.
+
+1 Tl A psalm of Assapli. 0 God! nations
+have entered into thy heritage; they have
+profaned thy hol\' temple ; they have render-
+ed Jerusalem heaps of ruins.
+
+2 They have given the dead bodies of thy
+servants as food unto the fowls of the heaven,
+the Hesh of thy pious ones unto the beasts of
+the earth.
+
+o They Inive shed their blood like water
+all round about Jerusalem : and there is no
+one to bury them.
+
+4 We are become a reproach to our neigh-
+Ijours, a scorn and derision to those that are
+round about us.
+
+° .(uiiatliiin. Philippson, " which ho had placed among
+men ." ^ Rashi, "like the heavens."
+
+
+' Heb. "arm."
+
+" Rashi, "und<
+
+75U
+
+
+tlic fetters nf tjjd.se," fit:.
+
+
+5 How long. Lord? wilt thou be indignant
+for ever? shall thy jealousy burn like fire?
+
+6 Pour out thy fury over the nations that
+acknowledge thee not, and over the kingdoius
+that have not called on thy name.
+
+7 For they have devoured Jacob, tmd Inid
+waste his dwelling-place.
+
+8 Oh remember not against us the iniqui-
+ties of oiu' f\ithers: make haste, let thy mer-
+cies come to our aid ; for we are very miserti-
+ble.
+
+9 Help us, 0 God of our salvation, because
+of the glory of thy name ; and deliver us, and
+atone for our sins, for the sake of thy name.
+
+16 Wherefore shall the nations say. Where
+is their God? let there be made known among
+the nations before our eyes, the vengeance for
+the blood of thy servants which hath been
+shed.
+
+11 Let the sighing of the prisoner cotne
+before thee : according to the greatness of thy
+almighty power" pi-eserve'* thou those that
+are doomed to death ;
+
+12 And recompense unto our neighbours
+sevenfold into their bosom their defiance
+wherewith they have defied thee, 0 Lord.
+
+13 But we thy people and the flock of thy
+pasture will give thanks unto thee for ever:
+from generation to generation will we relate
+thy praise.
+
+PSALM LXXX.
+
+1 Tf To tlie chief musician upon Shoshan-
+nim; an 'Eduth° by Assaph; a psalm.
+
+2 0 Shepherd of Israel, give ear, thou
+that leadest Jo.seph like a flock ; thou that
+dwellest between the cherubims, shine forth.
+
+3 Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Me-
+nasseh awaken thy might, and come to our
+help.
+
+4 0 God, cause us to return, and let thy
+countenance shine, that we may be saved.
+
+5 0 Lord of hosts, how long shall thy
+anger smoke against the prayer of tliv jieo-
+ple?
+
+6 Thou feedest them with the bread of
+tears, and givest them tears to drink in
+great measure.
+
+7 Thou renderest us a contest unto our
+
+° Probably a species of psalm, like Maskil, for "in-
+struction;" so'Edii/h, "a testimony." So renders Rashi,
+who conceives that the Psalmist indicates and prays for
+
+three eaptivities.
+
+
+PSALMi^ LXXX. LXXXi.
+
+
+neighbours: and our enemies hold derision
+
+
+among themselves.
+
+
+8 0 God of hosts, cause us to return, and
+let thy countenance shine, that we may be
+saved.
+
+9 A vine didst thou remove out of Egypt :
+thou drovest out nations, and plantedst it.
+
+10 Thou didst clear out a place before it,
+and it struck its root deeply, and it filled the
+land.
+
+11 Mountains v?ere covered with its sha^
+dow, and with its boughs the cedars of God.
+
+12 It sent out its tendrils as for as the
+sea, and unto the river its suckers.
+
+13 Wherefore hast thou now broken down
+its fences, so that all who pass by the way
+pluck the fruit from it?
+
+14 The boar out of the forest doth gnaw at
+it, and what moveth on the field feedeth on it.
+
+15 0 God of hosts, return; I pray thee,
+look down from heaven, and behold, and
+think of this vine;
+
+IG And of the sprout" which thy right
+hand hath planted, and of the branch that
+thou hast made strong for thyself
+
+17 It is burnt with fire, it is hewn down:
+because of the rebuke of thy countenance do
+they perish.
+
+18 Let thy hand be over the man of
+thy right hand, over the son of man whom
+thou hast made strong for thyself
+
+19 Then will we not swerve from thee:
+revive us again, and we will call on thy
+name.
+
+20 0 Lord God of hosts, cause us to re-
+turn: let thy countenance shine, that we
+may be saved.
+
+PSALM LXXXI.
+
+1 Tl To the chief musician upon Gittith ;
+by Assaph.
+
+2 Sing aloud unto God our strength : shout
+joyfully unto the God of Jacob.
+
+
+" Rashi, Jonathan, and other Jewish interpreters.
+Others, after the Septuagint, take it as an imperative,
+from nj : " and establish what thy right hand hath planted
+and the son whom thou hast made strong fur thyself"
+
+^ Some suppose these to be the words of the Psalmist,
+referring to God, whom he had not known, and whom he
+now heard. Philippson takes them as the words of God,
+who says that he heard the prayer of a people (Israel)
+that had not known him, and redeemed them, as farther!
+deseribed. Aben Ezra, "Then I (Israel) liad to hearjl
+the language of a peoplv I did not understand " n
+
+
+3 Lif\ up psalm, and bring hither tlie (iin-
+
+
+at
+
+of (Mil'
+
+
+brel, the pleasant harp with the psaltery.
+
+4 Blow on the new moon the cornet
+the time appointed, on the day of
+feast.
+
+5 For this is a statute for Israel, an ordi-
+nance by the God of Jacol).
+
+6 As a testimony in Jo.seph did he ordain
+it, when he went out over the land of Egypt.
+The language of one I had not known did
+I hear."
+
+7 1 removed from the burden his shoulder :
+his hands left behind the burden-basket.''
+
+8 In distress thou didst call, and 1 deliver-
+ed thee; I answered thee in the secret'' of the
+thunder: I proved thee at the waters of Me-
+ribah. Selah.
+
+9 Hear, O my people, and I will give warn-
+ing unto thee; 0 Israel, if thou wouldst but
+hearken unto me!
+
+10 There shall not be among thee a foreign
+god; nor shalt thou bow thyself down to any
+
+
+strange god.
+am
+thee
+
+
+11 I
+
+brought
+
+
+the Lord thy God, who have
+up out of the land of Egypt:
+
+
+open wide thy mouth, and I will fill it.
+
+12 But my people did not hearken to my
+voice; and Israel was not willing (to Ibllow)
+me.
+
+13 So I let them go in the stubbornness of
+their own hearts: and they walked in their
+own counsels.
+
+14 Oh that my people would hearken unto
+me, that Israel would walk in my ways!
+
+15 In a little while would I subdue their
+enemies, and against their adversaries would
+I turn my hand.
+
+16 The haters of the Lord should offer
+flattery unto him ; but their" time should en-
+dure for ever.
+
+17 And he would feed him with the best'
+of wheat : and out of the rock would I satisfy
+thee with honey.
+
+
+" After Aben Ezra; ;'. e. the basket in which the newly
+made bricks were carried to the kiln. Rashi, however,
+"the cauldron," or "pot," as the Israelites had to per-
+form all domestic labour besides that of brickmaking.
+
+'' Rashi, "thou calledst me in secret, between me and
+thee, and I answered thee publicly with the voice of
+thunder."
+
+" 3Iost commentators explain, "the pro.sperity of Is-
+rael;" but Rashi, "the punishment of the enemies."
+
+' Lit. "the fat of wheat." A similar description is
+found in Deut. xxxii, 13, 14.
+
+
+PSALMS LXXXII.— LXXXIT.
+
+
+PSALM LXXXn.
+
+1 \ A psalm of Assaph. God standeth in
+the c( ngregation of God, in the midst of
+judges doth he judge.
+
+2 How long will ye judge unjustly, and
+treat with fiivour the face of the wicked?
+Selah.
+
+3 Judge uprightly the poor and fatherless:
+do justice to the afflicted and indigent.
+
+4 Eelease the poor and needy: deliver
+them out of the power of the wicked.
+
+5 They know not, nor will they under-
+stand; in darkness do they walk on: all the
+foundations of the earth are moved.
+
+6 I have indeed said, Ye are gods; and
+children of the most High are all of you.
+
+7 But verily like men shall ye die, and
+like one of the princes shall ye tall.
+
+8 Arise, 0 God, judge the earth; for thou
+wilt possess'' all the nations.
+
+PSALM LXXXIIL
+
+1 ^ A song or psalm of Assaph.
+
+2 0 God, take no rest for thyself: be not
+silent and keep not still, 0 God!
+
+3 For, lo, thy enemies make a tumult,
+and they that hate thee have lifted up their
+head.
+
+4 Against thy people they take crafty
+secret device, and they consult against those
+whom thou protectest.
+
+5 They have said. Come, and let us cut
+them off from being a nation; and the name
+of Israel shall be remembered no more.
+
+6 For they have consulted cordially toge-
+ther; against thee they make a covenant:
+
+7 The tents of Edom, and the Ishmaelites ;
+Moiib, and the Hagarenes;
+
+8 Gebal, and 'Amnion, and 'Amalek; the
+Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre;
+
+9 Also Asshur is joined with them; they
+have become an arm'' unto the children of
+Lot. Selah.
+
+10 Do unto them as (unto) Midian; as to
+Sissera, as to Jabin, at the brook Kishon:
+
+
+• All nations shall once acknowledge God. Sforno,
+"tlidii po8.sessest the righteous among all nations." Aben
+f]zra, "thou wilt be tlic portion of those who call on thee
+among all the nations."
+
+'' (■. (?. Assistants.
+
+" lliishi conceives this Psalm to be a prophecy of the
+captivity, and says that even theu Israel desires to be in
+the courts of (Jod. So also Sforno. I'hilipjjson takes
+768
+
+
+11 Who were annihilated at 'En-dor; they
+became as dung for the ground.
+
+12 Render them, their nobles, like 'Oreb,
+and like Zeeb ; yea, like Zebach and like Ziil-
+munna' all their princes;
+
+13 Who said. Let us conquer for ourselves
+the dwellings of God.
+
+14 0 my God, render them like the this-
+tle-down, like stubble before the wind.
+
+15 As the fire burneth up a forest, and as
+the flame setteth the mountains on fire :
+
+16 So pursue them with thy storm, and
+with thy whirlwind do thou terrify them.
+
+17 Fill their faces with suame, that they
+may seek thy name, 0 Lord!
+
+18 Let them be made ashamed and terri-
+fied for ever and aye; yea, let them be put
+to the blush and perish :
+
+19 That they may know that thou, whose
+name is the Eternal, art by thyself alone, the
+Most High over all the earth.
+
+PSALM LXXXIV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician upon Gittith,
+by the sons of Korach, a psalm.
+
+2 How lovely are thy dwelling-places, 0
+Lord of hosts !
+
+3 My soul desired," yea, it also longed for
+the courts of the Lord: my heart and my
+flesh shout with joy unto the living God.
+
+4 Even as the sparrow hath found a house,
+and the swallow a nest for herself, where she
+may lay her young: — (have I found)'' thy
+altars, 0 Lord of hosts, my King, and my
+God.
+
+5 Happy are they who dwell in thy house :
+they will be continually praising thee. Se-
+lah.
+
+G Happy is the man whose strong confi-
+dence is in thee, (all) whose heart reflecteth
+on the paths" (of righteousness).
+
+7 Passing through the valley of weeping,
+they will change it into a spring: also the
+early rain covereth it with blessings.*^
+
+8 They go from strength to strength, each
+of them appeareth before God in Zion.
+
+it to be a hymn of one who had been compulsorily ab-
+sent, and had just returned to the temple precincts.
+
+■" Rashi, "at thy altars, which are ruined and are a
+resting-place for birds:" the version in the text is partly
+after K. Judah Ibn Bil'ani, followed by Mendelssohn,
+Sachs, anil Philipp.son. " After Rashi.
+
+' Philippsnn. Jonathan, "the wicked who pass tiirough
+the depth of hell, these make it a spring with their tears;
+
+
+0 0 Lord God of hosts, he.ir my jirayer:
+give ear, 0 God of Jacob. Selali.
+
+10 (Thou,) our shield," behold, 0 God, and
+look upon the face of thy anointed.
+
+11 For better is a day in thy courts than
+a thousand (elsewhere) : I would rather
+choose to wait at the threshold of the house
+of my God, than to dwell in the tents of
+wickedness.
+
+12 For a sun and shield is the Lord God;
+grace and glory Avill the Lord give; he will
+not withhold any good from those that walk
+with integrity.
+
+13 0 Lord of hosts, happy is the man
+that trusteth in thee.
+
+PSALM LXXXV.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by the sons of
+Korach, a psalm.
+
+2 Thou hast"" been favourable, 0 Lord,
+unto thy land: thou hast brought back the
+captivity of Jacob.
+
+3 Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy
+people: thou hast covered over all their sin.
+Selah.
+
+4 Thou hast taken away all thy wrath:
+thou hast relinquished the fierceness of thy
+anger.
+
+5 Return unto us, 0 God of our salvation,
+and cause thy ill-will toward us to cease.
+
+6 Wilt thou be wroth with us for ever?
+wilt thou extend thy anger from generation
+to generation ?
+
+7 Wilt thou not (now) revive us again,
+that thy people may rejoice in thee?
+
+8 Show us thy kindness, 0 Lord, and grant
+us thy salvation.
+
+9 I will hear what God the Lord will
+speak; for he will speak peace unto his peo-
+ple, and to his pious ones : only let them not
+turn again to folly.
+
+10 Surely, nigh is his salvation unto those
+
+but blessings will cover those who return to the teach-
+ing of the law." Kashi, "they will confess his
+justice, and will invoke blessings on those who have
+taught them righteousness." But these are merely alle-
+gorical versions, mio, as in Joel ii. 23, means "the first
+rain," which falls in November. The ver.se then means,
+" Those who trust in God will regard even the parched
+valley through which they have to pass, as it were, as
+one supplied with springs; and then indeed will all be-
+come bright for them, as the land dried up by the long
+summer heats suddenly is wrapt in a mantle of green
+when tiic early rain falls in Palestine; and so will they I
+
+
+PSALMS LXXXIV.— LXXXVL
+
+that fear him: that glory may dwell in our
+land.
+
+11 Kindness and truth are met together:
+righteousness and peace kiss each other.
+
+12 Truth will grow up out of the earth,
+and righteousness will look down from
+heaven.
+
+13 Yea, the Lord will also give the good,
+and our land will yield its produc"^.
+
+14 Righteousness will walk firmly before
+him, and will make (level) the way by its
+steps.
+
+PSALM LXXXVL
+
+1 ^ A prayer of David. Incline, 0 Lord,
+thy ear, answer me ; for poor and needy am I.
+
+2 Preserve my soul ; for I am pious : help
+thy servant, 0 thou my God, that trusteth in
+thee.
+
+3 Be gracious unto me, 0 Lord; for unto
+thee I call all the time.
+
+4 Cause to rejoice the soul of thy servant;
+for unto thee, 0 Lord, do I lift up my soul.
+
+5 For thou, 0 Lord, art good and forgiv-
+
+
+nig, and abundant in kindness unto all that
+call on thee.
+
+6 Give ear, 0 Lord, unto my prayer, and
+attend to the voice of my supplications.
+
+7 On the day of my distress will I call on
+thee; for thou wilt answer me.
+
+8 There is none like unto thee among the
+gods, 0 Lord; and there is nothing like thy
+works.
+
+9 All the nations whom thou hast made
+shall come and bow themselves down before
+thee, 0 Lord; and they shall ascribe honour
+unto thy name.
+
+10 For great art thou, and doing wondrous
+things : thou art God by thyself alone.
+
+11 Teach me, 0 Lord, thy way; I will
+walk firmly in thy truth : unite" my heart to
+fear thy name.
+
+
+overcome difficulty after difficulty till they appear duly
+before God at his residence.
+
+" Redak. Others make "shield" the object, and ren-
+der then, "Behold our shield, (the chief or kinir,) 0
+God."
+
+" Philippson, "thou hadst," and so in all the con-
+struction to ver. 4. Jlcndelssohn, "Formerly thou didst
+love thy land." The Psalm is either a prophecy for those
+returned from the Babylonian exile, or written by a son
+of Korach soon after that event.
+
+" Meaning, "let all the desires of the heart be directed
+•solely to the fear of God."
+
+759
+
+
+PSALMS LXXXVI— LXXXVIII.
+
+
+12 I will thank thee, 0 Lord my God,
+with all my heart, and I will honour thy
+name for evermore.
+
+13 For thy kindness is great toward me:
+and thou hast delivered my soul from the
+grave' of the lower world.
+
+14 0 God, the presumptuous are risen up
+against me, and the assembly of the powerful
+wicked have sought after my life, and have
+not set thee before them.
+
+15 But thou, 0 Lord, art God, full of
+mercy, and gracious, long-suflering, and abun-
+dant in kindness and truth.
+
+16 Oh turn unto me, and be gracious unto
+me: give thy strength unto thy servant, and
+save the son of thy handmaid.
+
+17 Display on me a sign for good, that
+those who hate me may see it, and be
+ashamed; because thou, Lord, hast helped
+me. and comforted me.
+
+PSALM LXXXVII.
+
+1 ^ By the sons of Korach; a psalm or
+song. It is founded'' by him on holy moun-
+tains.
+
+2 The Lord loveth the gates of Zion more
+than all the dwellings of Jacob.
+
+3 Glorious things are spoken of thee, 0
+city of God. Selah.
+
+4 I will make mention of Rahab'' and
+Babylon as those that know me; behold, here
+is Philistia, and Tyre, with Ethiopia:" "This
+man was ])orn there."
+
+5 But of Zion will it be said, "This and
+that man were Ijorn in her:" and the Most
+High himself doth establish her.
+
+6 The Lord will number when he writeth
+down nations, " This man was horn there."
+Selah.
+
+7 And the singers" as well as the players
+on instruments shall be there: all my springs
+(of joy) are in thee.
+
+
+" Redak. Rashi, "from the lowermost hell," and com-
+ments, " for the sin with Bath-sheba', when Nathan said to
+liim, 'The Lord hath let thy sin pass away, thou shalt
+not die.' "
+
+'' Mendelssohn and Sachs, "his foundation," i.e. Jerusa-
+lem and Zion. Our version is after I'hilippson. Herx-
+heimer, "The mountains are the various hills on which
+thy holy city is built." Rashi and other ancients take
+this as a part of the title, and render, "The Psalmist hath
+founded it (the song) in behalf of the holy mountains."
+
+'' Meaning, but few, here and there one, are aequninted
+
+
+PSALM LXXXVIII.
+
+1 ][ A song or psalm of the sons of Ko-
+rach, to the chief musician upon Machalath-
+le'annoth, a Maskil of Heman the Ezrachite.
+
+2 0 Lord the God of my salvation, by day
+do I cry, (and) at night I am before thee.
+
+3 Let uiy prayer come unto thy presence ;
+incline thy ear unto my entreaty.
+
+4 For my soul is sated with troubles ; and
+my life draweth nigh unto the nether world.
+
+5 I am counted with those that descend
+into the pit; I am become as a man without
+vigour :
+
+6 Free^ among the dead, like the slain
+that dwell in the grave, whom thou remera-
+berest no more; and those that are cut oif
+by*^ thy hand.
+
+7 Thou hast laid nie in the pit of the
+lower world, in darkness, in the depths.
+
+8 Upon me lieth heavily thy fury, and
+with all thy billows hast thou afllicted me.
+Selah.
+
+9 Thou hast removed my acquaintances
+far from me; thou hast rendered me an abo-
+mination unto them : I am imprisoned, and I
+cannot go forth.
+
+10 My eye languisheth by reason of
+aifliction: I call on thee, 0 Lord, every day,
+I stretch out unto thee my hands.
+
+11 Wilt thou display wonders to the dead?
+shall the departed arise (and) thank thee?
+Selah.
+
+12 Shall thy kindness be related in the
+grave? thy faithfulness in the place of cor-
+ruption ?
+
+13 Shall thy wonders be acknowledged in
+the darkness? and thy righteousness in the
+land of forgetfulness ?
+
+14 Yet I cry indeed aloud unto thee, 0
+Lord; and in the morning shall my prayer
+come before thee.
+
+
+with God's mercy and worship him ; hence they will have
+to be recorded by the Lord himself when he reviews the
+world; but in Zion all are God-fearing, every man born
+there is holy to the most High.
+
+' Rashi, "All my thoughts shall sing of the salvation
+like those who play festive music." In our version, "in
+thee" refers to Zion.
+
+' {. e. Having no farther concern with life, either to
+enjoy or to act; whereas the living are bound to be duti-
+ful in the observance of charity and goodness.
+
+8 Rashi. Others, "from tliy hand," (. e. protection,
+incapable of happine«s.
+
+
+PSALMS LXXXYIII. LXXXIX.
+
+
+15 Why, 0 Lord, wilt thou cast off my
+soul? (why) wilt thou hide thy face from
+me?
+
+16 1 am afflicted aud perishing from" my
+youth up: I bear thy terrors, 1 am distracted.
+
+17 Over me have the fires of thy wrath
+passed; thy terrors have destroyed nie;
+
+18 They encompass me like water all the
+time; they have closed in round about me
+together.
+
+19 Thou hast removed far from me lover
+and friend, my acquaintances (are in)*" dark-
+ness.
+
+PSALM LXXXIX.
+
+1 T[ A Maskil of Ethan the Ezrachite.
+
+2 The kindnesses of the Lord will I for ever
+sing: from generation to generation will I
+make known thy fiith fulness with my mouth.
+
+3 For I have said. To eternity will kind-
+ness be built up: the heavens — ^yea, in these
+wilt thou establish thy faithfulness.
+
+4 " P have made a covenant with my elect,
+I have sworn unto David my sei'vant,
+
+5 Unto eternity will I establish thy seed,
+and 1 will build up thy throne from genera-
+tion to generation." Selah.
+
+6 And the heavens praise thy wonder, 0
+Lord : also thy faithfulness in the assembly
+of holy ones.
+
+7 For who in the sky can be compared
+unto the Lord? who can be likeiaed unto the
+Lord among the sons of the mighty ?''
+
+8 God is greatly terrific in the secret coun-
+cil of the holy ones, and fear-inspiring over
+all that are about him.
+
+9 0 Lord God of hosts, who is powerful,
+like thee. Eternal! and thy faithfulness is
+round about thee.
+
+10 Thou rulest over the pride of the sea:
+when its waves are lifted up, thou assuagest
+them.
+
+
+" Rashi, "from being shaken," as one shaketh oflF the
+dust; hence, "tremour," "anxiety."
+
+'' Redak. R.ashi, "by niy acquaintances I am con-
+sidered in the dark, and I am withdrawn from them."
+Philippson, "my confidants are — the place of darkness,"
+/'. (=. the grave alone is his friend.
+
+" The words of God in 2 Sam. vii. 1'2, referred to, not
+exactly quoted, in regard to David and his iamily, which
+must have been in great danger when this psalm was
+composed.
+
+* Aben Ezra, "the stars;" Redak, "angels;" aud
+Philippson, Sachs, &c., "sous of God."
+4 V
+
+
+11 Thou didst crush Eahab as one that is
+slain : with thy strong arm* didst thou scat-
+ter thy enemies.
+
+12 Thine are the heavens, also thine is the
+earth : as for the world and what iilleth it,
+thou hast founded them.
+
+13 The north and the south*^ — these hast
+thou created: Tabor and Chermon shall re-
+joice in thy name.
+
+14 Thine is the powerful arm, with might:
+strong is thy hand, and exalted is thy right
+hand.
+
+15 Righteousness and justice are the prop
+of thy throne: kindness and truth precede
+thy presence.
+
+16 Happy is the people that know the
+cornet's sound :'^ 0 Lord, in the light of thy
+countenance will they ever walk firmly.
+
+17 In thy name will they be glad all the
+day, and in thy righteousness will they be
+exalted.
+
+18 For thou art the glory of their strength ;
+and through thy favour will our horn be
+exalted.
+
+19 For of" the Lord is our shield; and of
+the Holy One of Israel is our king.
+
+20 Then spokest thou in a vision to th}-
+pious (servant), and saidst, " t have bestowed
+help to one that is mighty ; I have exalted
+a youth' out of the people ;
+
+21 I have found David my servant; with
+my holy oil have I anointed him ;
+
+22 With whom my hand shall be firndy
+established ; also my arm shall strengthen
+him;
+
+23 The enemy shall not exact from him
+like a lender; and the son of injustice shall
+not afflict him;
+
+24 And I will beat down before his face
+his assailants, and those that hate him will I
+plague.
+
+25 But my faithfulness and my kindness
+
+
+' Heb. "the arm of thy strength."
+
+' Lit. "the right hand," which is the south when the
+face is turned to the east; so is Tabor on the west of
+Palestine, Chermon on the east.
+
+^ The peculiar sounds which are known to Israel, which
+they blow at their festivals at the sacrifices, and the day of
+Memorial in particular. (See Lev. xxiii. 24; Num. x. 10.)
+
+'' i. e. By God is the shield, the king, appointed. The
+elevation of the family of David was not a mere matter
+of chance, but a display of the divine will, and to be fur
+the future also.
+
+' Jonathan. Redak, "a chosen one."
+
+761
+
+
+PSALM LXXXIX.
+
+
+sliiill be with liim : and thTOUgh my name
+shall his horn be exalted.
+
+26 And I will place on the sea his hand,
+and on the rivers his right hand.
+
+27 Hi will call unto me. Thou art my
+father, my God, and the rock of my salva-
+tion.
+
+28 Also I will appoint him my first-born,
+the highest among the kings of the earth.
+
+29 For evermore will I keep for him my
+kindness, and my covenant shall stand fiiith-
+fully with him.
+
+30 And I appoint for ever his seed, and his
+throne as the days of heaven.
+
+31 If his children forsake my law, and
+walk not in my ordinances;
+
+32 If they profane my statutes, and keep
+not mv commandments:
+
+33 "Then will I visit with the rod their
+transgressions, and with plagues their ini-
+quity.
+
+34 Nevertheless my kindness will I not
+make utterly void from him, and I will not
+act falsely against my faithfulness.
+
+35 I will not profane my covenant, and
+what is gone out of my lips will I not
+alter.
+
+36 One thing have I sworn by my holiness,
+that I will not lie^ unto David.
+
+37 His seed shall endure for ever, and his
+throne shall be like the sun before me.
+
+38 Like the moon shall it be firmly esta-
+blished for ever, and as this faithful witness
+in the sky." Selah.
+
+39 And yet thou hast cast off and de-
+spised, thou hast become wroth with thy
+anointed.
+
+40 Thou hast made void the covenant of
+
+
+' Jonathan, "ruin," or "breach."
+
+' Redak explains this to mean the time of the Davidian
+rule, which lasted but a short time compared with the
+length of the captivity.
+
+' Heb. "for ever." Sachs, "so entirely."
+
+^ Aben Ezra comments, "They that utter the defiance
+762
+
+
+thy servant: thou hast profaned, down to the
+ground, his crown.
+
+41 Thou hast broken down all his fences:
+thou hast brought his strong-holds to terror."
+
+42 All that jjass by the way plunder him:
+he is become a reproach to his neighbours.
+
+43 Thou hast raised up the right hand of
+his assailants: thou hast caused all his ene-
+mies to rejoice.
+
+44 Thou hast also turned the edge of his
+sword, and hast not let him stand erect in
+the battle.
+
+45 Thou hast made his brilliancy cease;
+and his throne hast thou thrown down to the
+ground.
+
+46 Thou hast shortened the days of his
+youth :'' thou hast enshrouded him with
+shame. Selah.
+
+47 IIow long. Lord, wilt thou hide thyself,
+continually?" how long shall thy fury burn
+like fire?
+
+48 Remember (what) I am, what my du-
+ration is (here), for what nothingness thou
+hast created all sons of men !
+
+49 What man is there that can live, and
+shall not see death? that can deliver his soul
+from the power of the nether world? Selah.
+
+50 Where are thy former kindnesses, 0
+Lord, which thou hast sworn unto David by
+thy truth?
+
+51 Remember, Lord, the disgrace of thy
+servants; that I bear in my bosom the (bur-
+den) of all the many nations;
+
+52 That thy enemies have defied, 0 Lord;
+that they have defied the footsteps'^ of thy
+anointed.
+
+53 Blessed" be the Lord for evermore.
+Amen, and Amen.
+
+are the enemies of the Lord, and they say his heels are
+broken, (meaning, he — the redeemer — cannot,) wherefore
+he is not come as yet."
+
+' In this manner end all the various books of the
+Psalms, such as xli. Ixxii. Ixxxix. cvii. and cl., which see.
+Philippson regards their terminations as doxologies.
+
+
+PSALMS XC. XCi.
+
+
+BOOK FOURTH.
+
+
+PSALM XC.
+
+1 ^ A PRAYER of Moses the man of God.
+Lord, a place of refuge' hast thou been unto
+us in all generations.
+
+2 Before yet the mountains were brought
+forth, or thou liadst ever produced the earth
+and the world, even from everlasting to ever-
+lasting, thou art God.
+
+3 Thou turnest man to contrition,'' and
+sajest, Return }e children of men.
+
+4 For a thousand years are in tliy eyes
+but as the yesterday when it is past, and as a
+watch in the night.
+
+5 Thou carriest them away as with a
+flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning"
+(they grow) like the grass which changeth.
+
+6 In the morning it blossometh, and is
+changed : in the evening it is mowed off, and
+withereth.
+
+7 For (thus) are we consumed by thy
+anger, and by thy fury are we terrified."*
+
+8 Thou hast set our iniquities before thee,
+our concealed sins before the light of thy
+countenance.
+
+9 For all our days are passed away in thy
+wrath : we consume our years like a word
+that is spoken.*^
+
+10 The days of our years in this life' are
+seventy years; and if by uncommon vigour
+they be eighty, yet is their greatness" trouble
+
+* Rashi. Lit. "dwelling," or "place of abiding"
+against danger; hence, "refuge."
+
+'' Rashi and Joseph Kimchi, who conceive that suffer-
+ings brought on man are the means alluded to, to efiect
+this contrition ; they arc followed by Mendelssohn and
+Sachs. NOT stand for "contrite," in Isaiah Ivii. 15. But
+Aben Ezra, "Thou bringest man hack (in his old age) to
+dissolution, and sayest, Return ye (to the dust), 0 children
+of men;" and so translate Philippson and Horxheimer.
+
+° Rashi and Aben Ezra, ^^hn " to change." Sachs and
+others, "In the morning he groweth up like grass — in
+the morning he blossometh and groweth up," &c. Redak,
+tiSni in ver. 6, "he is renovated," as though it were in
+tlic Iliphil from n'bnn, which has this meaning. Phi-
+lippson insists that this is the right sense, or rather,
+"growing constantly larger," and then "in the evening it
+is cut off," &c. But the Psalmist seems to say, that no
+sooner has man produced his flower, reached his best, than
+he changes like the grass; he remains but a moment in his
+glory; and evening speedily following, he is then mowed
+down and left to wither.
+
+* Sachs, "we decay." (See Isaiah Ixv. 'IH.)
+
+
+and mishap; for it soon hasteneth off, and we
+fly away.
+
+11 Who knoweth the strength of thy an-
+ger, and thy wrath which is like the fear of
+thee?
+
+12 Let us then know how to number our
+days, that we may obtain a heart endowed
+with wisdom.
+
+13 Return, 0 Lord, how long yet?'' and
+bethink thee concerning thy servants.
+
+14 Oh satisfy us in the morning with thy
+kindness, that we may be glad and rtyoice
+throughout all our days.
+
+15 Cause us to rejoice as many days as
+those wherein thou hast alUieted us, the years
+wherein we have seen unhappiness.
+
+16 Let thy act be visible on thy servants,
+and thy majesty over their children.
+
+17 And may the beauty' of the Lord our
+God be upon us; and the work of our hands
+do thou firmly establish upon us: yea, the
+work of our hands — firmly establish thou it.
+
+PSALM XCL
+
+1 ^ He'' who sitteth under the secret pro-
+tection of the Most High, shall rest under the
+shadow of the Almighty.
+
+2 I will say of the Lord, who is my refuge
+and my stronghold, my God, in wlioni I ever
+trust,
+
+3 That he will surely deliver thee from
+
+= Rashi. Philippson, "sigh;" (Isaiah xvi. 7; Jcr.
+xlviii. 31; Ezek. ii. 10.) Mendelssohn, "idle talk."
+Herxheimer, "thought."
+
+' Jonathan. Rashi refers onn to "our iniquities;"
+thus, "through these sins are the days, &c. but seventy
+years." Sachs, " the years of our life — yea, these are
+seventy years."
+
+8 Rashi. Aben Ezra, "strength," or "youth," "for it
+is soon cut off." Mendelssohn, "pride." Philippson,
+" storm," /. e. the uneasy, stormy, excited state of exist-
+ence; but I know not whence this meaning is derived.
+The word 3m (A'oAai) is found but here; hence the un-
+certainty of its derivation, and comiuentators therefore
+expound as they believe the context warrants. The same
+is the case with other words of the kind.
+
+'' i. e. Shall the punishment or evil endure'/
+
+' Sachs, "grace." MendeLssohn, "kindliness." Phi-
+lippson, "favour," or "lovingncss."
+
+" Philippson, "He who sitteth under the prcitection of
+the Most High, lodgeth under the Ahuighty's shadow: I
+say unto the Lord, My refuge, &c. — for he, he will de-
+liver," &o.
+
+7G3
+
+
+PSALMS XCl.— XCIII.
+
+
+the snare of the fowler, and from the pesti-
+lence of destruction."
+
+4 With his pinions will he cover thee, and
+under his wings shalt thou find shelter:
+shield and buckler is his truth.
+
+5 Thou shalt not be afraid of the terror of
+the night; nor of the arrow that flieth by
+day ;
+
+6 Nor of the pestilence that stalketh in
+darkness; nor of the deadly disease that
+wasteth at noonday.
+
+7 There shall fall at thy side a thousand,
+and ten thousand at thy right hand; unto
+thee (however) shall it not come nigh.
+
+8 Only with thy eyes shalt thou behold
+it, and see the recompense of the wicked.
+
+9 Because thou hast (said),*" The Lord is
+my protection ; the Most High hast thou
+made thy refuge:
+
+10 No evil shall befall thee, nor shall any
+plague come nigh unto thy tent.
+
+11 For his angels will he give charge con-
+cerning thee, to guard thee on all thy ways.
+
+12 Upon (their) hands shall they bear
+thee, that thou mayest not dash against a stone
+thy foot.
+
+13 Upon the fierce lion and asp shalt thou
+tread : thou shalt trample under foot the
+young lion and serpent."
+
+14 Because he hath fixed his desire upon
+me, therefore will I release him: I will set
+him on high, because he knoweth my name.
+
+15 He will call on me, and I will answer
+him: with him will I be in distress; Twill
+deliver him, and grant him honour.
+
+16 With length of dajs will I satisfy him,
+and T will let him see my salvation.
+
+PSALM xcn.
+
+1 Tl A psalm or song for the sabbath day.
+
+2 It is a good thing to give thanks unto
+the Lord, and to sing praises unto thy name,
+0 Most High :
+
+3 To tell in the morning of thy kindness,
+and of thy faithfulness in the nights,
+
+4 Upon a ten-stringed instrument, and
+
+
+" I'hilippson renders nun "wickedness;" metaphorical,
+" the phigue of wickedness;" not the actual pestilence
+which is spoken of in v. 6.
+
+'' llashi, who supplies "said." Others take these as
+the words of the Psalmist, "Because thou, 0 Lord, art
+luj refuge."
+
+" KlsewlxM-c rendered "dragon," " monster," Ac.
+7t;i
+
+
+upon the psaltery; and with the sweet*
+sound of the harp.
+
+5 For thou hast caused me to rejoice, 0
+Lord, through thy doing: because of the
+works of thy hands will I triumph.
+
+6 How great are thy works, 0 Lord! ex-
+ceedingly profound are thy thoughts.
+
+7 A brutish man knoweth it not, and a
+fool cannot understand this.
+
+8 When the wicked spring up like herbs,
+and when all the workers of wickedness do
+flourish: it is that they may be destroyed
+evermore.
+
+9 But thou art exalted to eternity, 0 Lord !
+
+10 For, lo, thy enemies, 0 Lord, for, lo,
+thy enemies shall perish: all the workers of
+wickedness shall be scattered.
+
+11 But thou exaltest my horn like that
+of a reem : T am anointed with fresh oil.
+
+12 And my eye looketh on (the punish-
+ment of) those that regard me with envy:
+of the evildoers that rise up against me my
+ears shall hear it.
+
+13 The righteous shall spring up like the
+palm-tree: like a cedar in Lebanon shall he
+grow high.
+
+14 Planted in the house of the Lord, in the
+courts of our God shall they spring up.
+
+15 They shall still flourish in high old
+age; they shall be vigorous and covered
+with foliage;
+
+16 To declare that the Lord is upright: he
+is my rock, and there is no faultiness in him.
+
+PSALM xcin.
+
+1 ^ The Lord reigneth, he is clothed with
+excellency; the Lord is clothed, he hath
+girded himself with strength : (therefore) also
+the world is firmly established, that it cannot
+be moved.
+
+2 Firmly established is thy throne from
+the beginning: from everlasting art thou
+(God).
+
+3 The rivers have lifted up, 0 Loud, the
+rivers have lifted up their voice; the rivers
+lift up their waves.
+
+■• One opinion cited by Aben Ezra; another referred to
+by him would make Hujgaymi an instrument, perhaps a
+guitar. So also Philippson. But if we derive [VJD from
+Djn "to meditate," the meaning would justly be the
+meditating-, soothing, or sweet sound elicited from the
+strings of the harp. Hence, Mendelssohn, "waked tc
+thinking by the hnrp "
+
+
+PSALMS XCIII— XCV.
+
+
+4 (But) more than the noise of great wa-
+ters, than the mighty billows of the sea, is the
+Lord excellent on high.
+
+5 Thy testimonies are exceedingly stead-
+fast: in thy house abideth holiness," 0 Lord!
+to the utmost length of days.
+
+PSALM XCIV.
+
+1^0 God, of vengeance,'' Lord! 0 God
+of vengeance, shine forth.
+
+2 Lift up thyself, 0 Judge of the earth!
+bring a recompense upon the proud.
+
+3 How long shall the wicked, 0 Lord —
+how long shall the wicked exult?
+
+4 They sputter, they speak hard things:
+all the workers of wickedness boast them-
+selves.
+
+5 Thy people, 0 Lord! they crush, and
+thy heritage they afflict.
+
+6 The widow and the stranger they slay,
+and the fatherless thev murder.
+
+7 And they say, The Lord will not see, and
+the God of Jacob will not take notice of it.
+
+8 Understand, ye brutish among the peo-
+ple : and ye fools, when will ye become intel-
+ligent?
+
+9 He that hath planted the ear, shall he
+not hear? or he that hath formed the eye,
+shall he not see?
+
+10 He that admonisheth" nations, shall he
+not correct? is it not he that teacheth man
+knowledge?*
+
+11 The Lord knoweth the thoughts of
+man. that they are nought.
+
+12 Happy is the man whom thou admo-
+nishest, 0 Lord, and teachest him out of thy
+law :
+
+13 That thou mayest grant him repose
+from the days of evil, until the pit be dug for
+the wicked.
+
+14 For the Lord will not cast off his peo-
+ple, and his inheritance will he not forsake.
+
+
+" Rashi. Redak, " lioliness graceth thy house."
+Others, "beconieth thy house."
+
+"■ Vengeance in man may be the result of malevolence,
+because he is subject to passion, and may punish unjustly;
+hence we are prohibited (Lev. xix. 18) from taking re-
+venge on those who have injured us; but to the Omni-
+scient belongs properly the prerogative of vengeance; be-
+cause retribution is the highest prerogative of justice,
+and this the more in Him who knows all secrets, and is
+not liable to forgetfulness, and whose very chastisement is
+mercy.
+
+° ID' generally means "to chastise;" and so do Aben
+
+
+15 For unto righteousness will justice re-
+turn; and it shall be followed by all the up-
+right in heart.
+
+16 Who will rise up for me against e\il-
+doers? or who will stand forward for me
+against the workers of wickedness ?
+
+17 Unless the Lord had ])een a help unto
+me, but a little would have been wanting
+that my soul had dwelt in the silence of death.
+
+18 When I said, My foot hath slipped: tliy
+kindness, 0 Lord, sustained me.
+
+19 In the multitude of my (painful)
+thoughts within me, thy consolations delight
+my soul.
+
+20 Can there be associated with thee the
+throne of destructive wickedness, which fram-
+eth mischief as'' a law ?
+
+21 They band themselves together against
+the soul of the righteous, and innocent i^lood
+do they condemn.
+
+22 But the Lord is become ni}^ defence,
+and my God, the rock of my refuge.
+
+23 And he will bring back upon them
+their own injustice, and in their own wicked-
+ness will he destroy them: (yea,) he will de-
+stroy them — the Lord our God.
+
+PSALM XCV.
+
+1 ^ Oh come, let us sing unto the Lord:
+let us shout joyfully to the rock of our salva-
+tion.
+
+2 Let us come before his presence with
+thanksgiving, and shout joyfully unto him
+with psalms.
+
+3 For a great God is the Lord, and a great
+King above all gods;
+
+4 In whose hand are the deep places of the
+earth; and wdiose are the heights of moun-
+tains ;
+
+5 Whose is the sea, and who hath made it ;
+and whose hands have formed the dry land.
+
+6 Oh come, let us prostrate ourselves and
+
+
+Ezra and Redak explain it, as having reference to great
+national calamities like the flood, &c. ; but Jonathan ren-
+ders, "is it possible that he who gave to his people the
+law should not chastise them when they are guilty?"
+and hence Philippson, generally, as in our version, " who
+warneth."
+
+'' Jonathan, Mendelssohn, and others connect this part
+of verse 10 with verse 11 : "he who teacheth man know-
+ledge— the Lord, knoweth," &c.
+
+° Rashi. Others, "against the law," i. <". of God. The
+mischief this confederacy of the ungodly do is contrary to
+the divine commands.
+
+760
+
+
+PSALMS XCV.— XCVIII.
+
+
+bow down : let us kneel before the Lord our
+Maker.
+
+7 For be is our God ; and we are the peo-
+ple of his pasture, and the flock of his hand :
+yea, this day, if ye will hearken to his voice.
+
+8 Harden not your heart, as at Meribah,
+as on the day of the temptation in the wil-
+derness :
+
+9 When your fothers tempted me, proved
+me, although they had seen my doing.
+
+10 Forty years long did I feel loathing on
+that generation, and I said, It is a people of
+an erring heart; and they truly acknowledged
+not my ways:
+
+11 So that I swore in my wrath, tliat they
+should not enter into my rest.
+
+PSALM XCVI.
+
+1 ^ Oh sing unto the Lord a new song:
+sing unto the Lord, all the lands.
+
+2 Sing unto the Lord, bless his name: an-
+nounce from day to day his salvation.
+
+3 Relate among the nations his honour,
+among all the j^eople his wonders.
+
+4 For the Lord is great, and greatly
+praised : he is to be feared above all gods.
+
+5 For all the gods of the nations are idols;
+but the Lord hath made the heavens.
+
+6 Glory and majesty are before him :
+strength and beauty are in his sanctuary.
+
+7 Ascribe unto the Lord, 0 ye families of
+the people, ascribe unto the Lord honour and
+strength.
+
+8 Ascribe unto the Lord the honour (due
+unto) his name: bear hither a present, and
+come unto his courts.
+
+9 Bow down unto the Lord in the beauty
+of holiness: tremble before him, all ye
+lands.
+
+10 Say among the nations, "The Lord
+reigneth;" (therelbre) also the world is ever
+firmly established that it shall not be moved :
+he will judge the people in equity.
+
+11 Let the heavens rejoice, and let the
+earth be glad: let the sea roar, with all that
+filleth it.
+
+12 Let the field exult, and all that is
+therein: then shall all the trees of the ftjrest
+sing for joy,
+
+13 Befoi'e the Lord; for he cometh, for he
+comcth to judge the earth; he will judge the
+world with righteousness, and people in his
+truth.
+
+70G
+
+
+PSALM XCVII.
+
+
+1 ][ The Lord reigneth: let the earth be
+glad ; let the multitude of isles rejoice.
+
+2 Clouds and thick darkness are round
+about him : righteousness and justice are the
+support of his throne.
+
+3 A fire goeth before him, and burnetii
+up round about his adversaries.
+
+4 His lightnings give light to the world :
+the earth seeth it, and trembleth.
+
+5 The mountains melt away like wax at
+the presence of the Lord, at the presence of
+the Lord of all the earth.
+
+6 The heavens tell of his righteousness,
+and all the j^eople see his glory.
+
+7 Made ashamed shall be all that serve
+graven images, that boast themselves of idols :
+unto him bow down all the gods.
+
+8 Zion heareth it, and rejoiceth; and glad
+are the daughters of Judah, because of thy
+decrees, 0 Lord.
+
+9 For thou, 0 Lord, art the most high
+above all the earth: thou art greatly exalted
+above all gods.
+
+10 Ye that love the Lord, hate ye the
+evil : he preserveth the souls of his pious
+ones; out of the hand of the wicked he ever
+delivereth them.
+
+11 Light is sown for the righteous, and
+joy for the upright in heart,
+
+12 Rejoice, ye righteous, in the Lord, and
+give thanks to his holy memorial.
+
+PSALM XCVIII.
+
+1 ^ A psalm. Oh sing unto the Lord a
+new song ; for he hath done wonderful things :
+his right hand and his holy arm have gotten
+him the victory.
+
+2 The Lord hath made known his salva-
+tion: before the eyes of the nations hath he
+revealed his righteousness.
+
+3 He hath remembered his kindness and
+his truth toward the house of Israel : all the
+ends of the earth have seen the salvation of
+our God.
+
+4 Shout joyfully unto the Lord, all the
+lands: break forth, and rtyoicc, and sing
+praises.
+
+5 Sing praises unto the Lord with the hai"p,
+— with the harp, and the voice of psalmody.
+
+6 With trunipets and the sound of cornet
+shout joyfully before the King, the Lord.
+
+
+7 Lot tlie sea roar, with all that filleth it;
+the world, with thase that dwell therein.
+
+8 Let the rivers clap their hands; let the
+mountains be joyful together,
+
+9 Before the Lord; for he cometh to judge
+the earth : he will judge the world with right-
+eousness, and people with equity.
+
+
+PSALMS XCVIIL— CIL
+
+4 Enter his gates with thanksgiving, his
+courts with praise : give thanks unto him,
+bless his name.
+
+5 For the Lord is good; to eternity en-
+dureth his kindness; and unto the latest ge-
+neration his truth.
+
+
+PSALM XCIX.
+
+1 Ti The Lord reigneth ; people tremble :
+he sitteth enthroned over the cherubim; the
+earth is moved.
+
+'2 The Lord is great in Zion; and he is
+exalted above all the people.
+
+3 The}' will give thanks to thy name,
+great, and terrible, (and) holy it is ;
+
+4 And" to the power of the king who
+loveth justice ; thou hast established equity ;
+justice and righteousness hast thou truly
+executed in Jacob.
+
+5 Exalt ye the Lord our God, and bow
+yourselves down before his footstool : he is
+holy.—
+
+6 Moses and Aaron were among his priests,
+and Samuel among tliose that call on his
+name; they called on the Lord, and he an-
+swered them.
+
+7 In the pillar of cloud he used to speak
+unto them: they kept his testimonies, and
+the statutes which he had given unto them.
+
+8 0 Lord, our God, thou didst answer
+them : thou wast a forgiving God unto them,
+yet also an avenger for their wrong doings.''
+
+9 Exalt the Lord our God, and bow your-
+selves down before his holy mount; for holy
+is the Lord our God.
+
+PSALM C.
+
+1 ^ A psalm of thanksgiving. Shout joy-
+fully unto the Lord, all ye lands.
+
+2 Serve the Lord with joy; come before
+his presence with triumphal song.
+
+3 Know, that the Lord is God indeed : it
+is he that hath made us, and his are we" —
+his people and the dock of his pasture.
+
+' So Rnslii and other coinniontators, who conceive " they
+will "live thanks" is to be understood before this verse also ;
+thus: "And they will praise the power of the king," &c. ;
+but Aben Ezra, "And the power is the king's, who lov-
+eth justice."
+
+■• So Jonathan, Rashi, &c. ; but Aben Ezra and Redak
+refer it to the rebellion of Koraeh, and we should then
+render, "and thou didst avenge the false accusations
+against them." But it more probably means, that oven
+
+
+PSALM CI.
+
+1 ^ By David, a psalm. Of kindness and
+justice will I sing: unto thee, 0 Lord, will I
+sing praises.
+
+2 I will carefully regard the way of the
+perfect: oh when wilt thou come unto me?
+I will walk in the integrity of my heart in
+the midst of my house.''
+
+3 I will not set before my eyes a godless
+thing; to commit a departure (from righteous-
+ness) do I hate; it shall not cleave to me.
+
+4 A perverse heart shall depart from me:
+evil will I not know.
+
+5 Whoso slandereth in secret his neigh-
+bour, him will I destroy : whoso hath proud
+eves and a haughtv heart, him will I not
+sutler.
+
+6 My eyes shall be upon the faithful of the
+land, that they may ahide with me: he that
+walketh in the way of the perfect, he it is
+that shall serve me.
+
+• 7 He that practiseth deceit shall not dwell
+within my house : he that speaketh falsehoods
+shall not succeed before my eyes.
+
+8 Every morning will I destroy all tlie
+wicked of the land, cutting off from the city
+of the Lord all the wrong-doers.
+
+PSALM CIL
+
+1 ^ A prayer of the afflicted, when he is
+overwhelmed, and poureth out before the
+Lord his complaint.
+
+2 0 Lord, hear my prayer, and let my cry
+come unto thee.
+
+3 Hide not thy face from me on the day
+when I am distressed; incline unto me thy
+ear; on the d.ay when I call, answer me
+speedily.
+
+the beloved of God do not escape the punishijiont due to
+their transgressions, so even-handed is divi le justice.
+Philippson regards this verse as applied to all Israel, not
+to Moses, Aaron, and Samuel.
+
+° So is the Kcii iSi; but the Kitih is xSl "not we our-
+selves," we are not the architects of our own fortune. Or
+might it not be thus rendered as a question, "and are we
+not his people?" &e.
+
+'' Rashi explains, "no less in secret than in public."
+
+767
+
+
+PSALMS cii. cm.
+
+
+4 For my days vanish in smoke, and my
+bones are burning like a hearth. *
+
+5 Struck (by heat) like the herb and dried
+up is my heart ; for I forget to eat my bread.
+
+6 Because of the voice of my groaning my
+bones cleave to my flesh.
+
+7 I am like the pelican of the wilderness:
+I am become like the owl amid ruins.
+
+8 I watch, and I am become like a (night-)
+bird sitting alone upon the housetop.
+
+9 All the day my enemies repi-oach me:
+they that mock*" me swear by me.
+
+10 For ashes do I eat like bread, and my
+drink I mingle with weeping ;
+
+11 Because of thy indignation and thy
+wrath ; for thou hadst lifted me up, and hast
+cast me down.
+
+12 My days are like a shadow that de-
+clineth ;" and like the herb I wither.
+
+13 But thou, 0 Lord, wilt sit enthroned
+for evpr ; and thy memorial is unto all genera-
+tions.
+
+14 Thou wilt indeed arise; thou wilt have
+mer;cy upon Zion ; for it is time to favour her,
+for the appointed time is coming.
+
+15 For thy servants hold dear her stones,
+and her very dust they cherish.
+
+16 Then shall nations fear the name of
+the Lord, and all the kings of the earth thy
+glory:
+
+17 When the Lord shall have built up
+Zion, he appeareth in his glory ;
+
+18 (When) he hath regarded the prayer
+of the forsaken, and doth not despise their
+prayer.
+
+19 This shall be written down for the
+latest generation; and the people which shall
+be created shall praise the Lord.
+
+20 For he hath looked down from the
+height of his sanctuary; the Lord hath cast
+from heaven his view to the earth;
+
+21 To hear the sighing of the prisoner;
+to loosen those that are doomed to death:
+
+22 That men may proclaim in Zion the
+name of the Lord, and his praise in Jerusa-
+lem;
+
+
+" Mendelssohn, "are consumed as a firebrand."
+
+'' Rashi. Redak, "who rave about me." Philippson,
+
+"who would make me a fool." "Swear by me" means
+
+that they say, " May I become like him, if I have done so."
+"Others, "lengthened," /. c. toward night; but it is
+
+the same as declining — toward oxtiuctiou by the coming
+
+darkness.
+
+768
+
+
+23 When people, are gathered together,
+and kingdoms, to serve the Lord. —
+
+24 He hath weakened on the way my
+strength; he hath shortened my days.
+
+25 I will say, 0 my God ! take me not
+away in the midst of my days: throughout
+all generations are thy years.
+
+26 In olden times didst thou la}' the found-
+ations of the earth ; and the heavens are
+the work of thy hands.
+
+27 These will indeed perish, but thou wilt
+ever exist: yea, all of them will Avear out
+like a garment; as a vesture wilt thou change
+them, and they will be changed;
+
+28 But thou art ever the same, and thy
+years will have no end.
+
+29 The children of thy servants will dwell
+(securely), and their seed will be firmly
+established before thee.
+
+PSALM cm.
+
+1 •([ Of David. Bless, 0 my soul, the
+Lord, and all that is within me, his holy
+name.
+
+2 Bless, 0 my soul, the Lord, and forget
+not all his benefits:
+
+8 Who forgiveth all thy iniquities; who
+healeth all thy diseases;
+
+4 Who redeemeth from the pit* thy life;
+who crowneth thee with kindness and mer-
+cies;
+
+5 Who satisfieth with happiness thy spi-
+rit," so that thy youth is renewed like the
+eagle's (plumage) .*^
+
+6 The Lord executeth righteousness, and
+justice for all that are oppressed.
+
+7 He made known his ways unto Moses,
+unto the children of Israel his acts.
+
+8 Merciful and gracious is the Lord, long-
+suffering and abundant in kindness.
+
+9 Not for all eternity will he contend ; nor
+will he for ever retain his anger.
+
+10 Not in accordance with our sins hath he
+dealt with us; nor according to our iniquities
+hath he requited us.
+
+11 For as high as heaven is above the
+
+
+" Others, "destruction."
+
+" Aben Ezra. Jonathan, "old age." Lit. "ornament," ■
+which old age is to the good, and the spirit to the chief
+of God's creation. Redak, "mouth." (See Ps. sxxii. 9.)
+
+' Rashi ; but Philippson conceives that it merely means
+tliat the youth spoken of should be renewed to be as
+vigorous as the eagle is,
+
+
+PSALM8 cm. CIV.
+
+
+earth, so mighty is his kindness toAvard those
+tliat fear liim.
+
+12 As far as the east is from the west, so
+far hath he removed from us our transgres-
+sions.
+
+13 As a father hath mercy on his children,
+so hath the Lord mercy on those that fear
+him.
+
+14 For he knovveth our frame;" he remem-
+bereth that we are dust.
+
+15 As for man, Hke the grass are his
+days: as the blossom of the field, so doth he
+bloom.
+
+16 When a wind but passeth over it,*" it
+is gone, and its place will recognise it no
+more.
+
+17 But the kindness of the Lord is ironi
+everlasting to everlasting over those that
+fear him, and his righteousness unto chil-
+dren's children,
+
+18 To such as keep his covenant, and to
+those who remember his precepts to execute
+them.
+
+19 The Lord hath established in the hea-
+vens his throne; and his kingdom ruleth
+over all.
+
+20 Bless the Lord, ^-e his angels, mighty
+in strength, that execute his word, hearken-
+ing unto the voice of his word.
+
+21 Bless ye the Lord, all his hosts, ye his
+ministers, that execute his will.
+
+22 Bless the Lord, all his works, in all
+the places of his dominion : bless, 0 my soul,
+the Lord.
+
+PSALM CIV.
+
+1 ^j Bless, 0 my soul, the Lord. 0 Lord
+my God, thou art very great; with glory and
+majesty art thou clothed.
+
+2 (Thou art he) who wrappeth himself in
+light as with a garment; who stretcheth out
+the heavens like a curtain ;
+
+3 Who frameth of the waters tlie beams of
+his upper-chambers; who maketh the clouds
+
+' /. e. The manner we were made, our mind wavering,
+our body perishable. Others think li" is used to repre-
+sent the dhposition, either good or bad, of man. Phi-
+lippson renders," our framing," 4. e. what we do.
+
+'' Philippson, after Rashi, "over him," "he is," &c.
+Redak, "so will his (man's) place," &c. Rashi explains
+"wind" to mean "the sickness preceding death."
+
+° The Psalmist represents the first appearance of the
+earth after the creation, perfect in its mountains and val-
+leys, but all covered over with the sea, (deep, or abyss,)
+4 W
+
+
+his chariot; who walketh along upon the
+wings of the wind;
+
+4 Who maketh the winds his messengers;
+the flaming fire his ministers ;
+
+5 Who hath founded the earth upon her
+bases, that she should not be moved to all
+eternity.
+
+6 Thou' hadst covered the deep as with
+a garment : above the mountains stood the
+waters.
+
+7 At ihy rebuke they fled, at the voice of
+thy thunder they hastened away.
+
+8 They ascended mountains; they went
+down valleys, unto the place which thou
+hadst founded for them.
+
+9 Bounds hast thou set which they cannot
+pass over, that they return not again to
+cover the earth.
+
+10 (Thou art he) who sendeth springs
+into the valleys,'* between mountains they run
+along.
+
+11 They give drink to all the beasts of the
+field: the wild asses quench (thereon) their
+thirst.
+
+12 By them have the fowls of the heaven
+ever their habitation, from between the
+branches they send forth their voice.
+
+13 Who watereth the mountains from his
+upper-chambers : from the fruit of thy works
+is the earth satisfied.
+
+14 (Thou art he) who causeth grass to
+grow for the cattle, and herbs by" the service
+of man, that he may bring forth bread out
+of the earth ;
+
+15 And wine that maketh joyful the heart
+of man. (and)*^ oil to brighten his face, and
+bread which strengtheneth the heart of man.
+
+IG Full of sap are the trees of the Lord,
+the cedars of Lebanon, which he hath plants
+ed;
+
+17 Where the birds make their nests: the
+stork — fir-trees are her house.
+
+18 The high mountains are for the wild
+goats: the rocks are a shelter for the conies.
+
+which has to retire into its proper receptable at God's re-
+buke, unwilling in a measure to lose its dominions, but
+obeying at length the will of the Creator.
+
+'' Redak. Jonathan, "sendeth out springs to become
+streams."
+
+' Aben Ezra, &c. Philippson, "for the use of man."
+' Rashi. Sachs, "that his countenance may shine
+more than oil." Philippson, "than from oil." Herx-
+heimer, "as it (the wine) maketh the face more shining
+than oil."
+
+7t)9
+
+
+PSALMS CIV. CV.
+
+
+1 0 He hath made the moon for seasons : the
+sun knovveth his going down.
+
+20 Thou causest darkness, and it becometh
+night, wherein creep forth all the beasts of
+the forest.
+
+21 The young lions roar after their ]}Yey,
+and ask from God their food.
+
+22 The sun ariseth, they withdraw (to
+their lairs), and lie down in their dens.
+
+23 Man goeth (then) forth unto his work,
+and to his labour until the evening.
+
+24 How manifo'd are thy works, 0 Lord!
+in wisdom hast thou made them all : the
+earth is full of thy riches."
+
+25 Here is this great and wide-extended
+sea; therein are moving things without num-
+ber, living creatures both small and great.
+
+26 There the ships make their way:
+(there also) is that leviathan, whom thou
+hast made to sport therein.
+
+37 All of these wait upon thee, to give
+them their food in its due season.
+
+28 What thou givest them they gather : thou
+openest thy hand, they are satisfied with good.
+
+29 Thou hidest thy face, they suddenly
+vanish :'' thou takest away their spirit," they
+perish, and to their dust they return.
+
+30 Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are
+created; and thou renewest the face of the
+earth.
+
+31 The glory of the Lord will endure for
+ever; the Lord will rejoice in his works:
+
+32 He who looketh down on the earth,
+and she treuibletli; who toucheth the moun-
+tains, and they smoke.
+
+33 I will sing unto the Lord while I live:
+I will sing praises to my God while I exist.
+
+34 May my speech be agreeable to him : I
+will indeed rejoice in the Lord.
+
+35 May the sinners cease from oft" the
+earth, and the wicked be no more. Bless, 0
+my soul, the Lord. Hallelujah.'^
+
+PSALM CV.
+
+1 ^[ 0 give thanks unto the Lord; call on
+
+
+' Lit. "acquisitions."
+
+'' Mendelssohn, aa in Isaiab Ixv. 23, the sudden or
+speedy transition from life to death ; here the effect of
+God's hiding his countenance. Jonathan and others
+.simply, "they are terrified." Sachs, "they become a
+prey to terror."
+
+'• Others, "breath;" and so in next verse.
+
+'' 'J'liis is a conipiiiuid word from iSSn Imllihi, "praise
+770
+
+
+his name : make known among the people his
+deeds.
+
+2 Sing unto him, sing praises unto him:
+speak of all his wonderful works.
+
+3 Glorify yourselves in his holy name :
+let the heart of those rejoice that seek the
+Lord.
+
+4 Liquire after the Lord and his strength :
+seek his presence evermore.
+
+5 Remember his wonderful works which
+he hath done; his tokens, and the decrees of
+his mouth;
+
+6 0 ye seed of Abraham his servant, ye
+children of Jacob, his elect.
+
+7 He is the Lord our God: over all the
+earth are his decrees.
+
+8 He remembereth his covenant for evei",
+the word wliich he hath commanded, to the
+thousandth generation,
+
+9 Which he covenanted with Abraham;
+and his oath unto Isaac;
+
+10 And which he established unto Jacob
+as a statute, unto Israel as an everlasting
+covenant :
+
+11 Saying, "Unto thee will I give the
+land of Canaan, as the portion'' of your in-
+heritance."
+
+12 When they were but a few men in
+number; yea, very few, and strangers in it;
+
+13 And when they wandered from one na-
+tion to another, from one kingdom to another
+people :
+
+14 He suffered no man to oppress them;
+yea, he reproved kings for their sake ;
+
+15 (Saying,) "Touch not my anointed,
+and do my prophets no harm." —
+
+10 And he called for a famine over the
+land; every staff of bread he broke.
+
+17 He sent a man before them; for a ser-
+vant was Joseph sold;
+
+18 They forced into fetters his feet; in
+iron was his body put:
+
+19 Until the time that his word came' to
+pass, (when) the saying of the Lord had
+purified iiim.
+
+
+ye," and TV Jali, {yah,) "the Lord." We shall leave it
+untranslated, as it has passed into the modern languages as
+a familiar word.
+
+' Lit. "cord," or that which is measured by a survey-
+or's cord or line. Others, "lot."
+
+' llashi refers "his word" to God; Aben Ezra, to
+Joseph, i. c. whose projiliecy or interpretation was ful-
+lillrd, wliii-li was the cause of bis being .sent for.
+
+
+PSALMS CV. CVI.
+
+
+20 The king* sent and unfettered him;
+the ruler of people, and let him go free.
+
+21 He appointed him lord of his house,
+and ruler of all his jxissession :
+
+22 That he might bind his princes at his
+pleasure; and teach his ancients wisdom.
+
+23 Then came Israel into Egypt, and
+Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.
+
+24 And he increased his people greatly,
+and made them stronger than their adver-
+saries.
+
+25 He turned their heart to hate his peo-
+ple, to deal subtilely with his servants.
+
+26 He sent Moses his servant, Aaron also
+whom he had made choice of
+
+27 The}' displayed among them his effectixe
+signs, and wondex's in the land of Ham.
+
+28 He sent darkness, and made it dark;
+and they rebelled not against his word.
+
+29 He changed their waters into blood,
+and slew their fish.
+
+30 Their land brought forth frogs in ahun-
+dance, in the very chambers of their kings.
+
+31 He spoke, and there came various wild
+beasts, lice also within all their boundary.
+
+32 He gave them as their rain hail, and
+flames of fire in their land.
+
+33 And he smote their vines and their fig-
+trees, and broke the trees within their bound-
+ary.
+
+3-1 He spoke, and the locusts came, and
+crickets,^ and that without number;
+
+35 And they ate up all the herbs in their
+land, and ate up the fruit of their ground.
+
+36 And he smote all the first-born in their
+laud, the first of all their strength.
+
+37 And he brought them forth with silver
+and gold : and there was not one that stum-
+bled among his tribes.
+
+38 Egypt rejoiced when they departed;
+for the dread of them was tallen upon
+them.
+
+39 He spread out a cloud for a covering,
+and fire to give light in the night.
+
+40 The people asked, and he brought
+quails, and with heavenly bread he satisfied
+them.
+
+41 He opened the rock, and the waters
+gushed out: they ran in the dry places like a
+river.
+
+
+* So Rashi. Aben Ezra, however, "God seut a king
+who unfettered him."
+
+
+42 For he remembered his holy word given
+to Abraham his servant.
+
+43 And he Ijrought forth his people with
+gladness, Avith joyful song his elect.
+
+44 And he gave them the lands of nations;
+and the labour of people they obtained as an
+inheritance :
+
+45 So that they might observe his statutes,
+and keep his laws. Hallelujah.
+
+PSALM CVI.
+
+1 ^ Hallelujah. Oh give thanks unto the
+Lord; for he is good ; for to eternity endureth
+his kindness.
+
+2 Who can utter the mighty acts of the
+Lord? who can publish all his praise?
+
+3 Happy are those that observe justice,
+that execute righteousness at all times.
+
+4 Remember me, 0 Lord, when thou fa-
+vourest thy people : oh visit me with thy sal-
+vation;
+
+5 That I may look on the happiness of thy
+elect, that I may rejoice in the joy of thy na-
+tion, that I may glorify myself with thy in-
+heritance.
+
+6 We have sinned'' together with our fa-
+thers, we have committed iniquity, Ave have
+done wickedly.
+
+7 Our fathers did not reflect on thy won-
+ders in Egypt: they remembered not the
+multitude of thy kindnes.ses; but rebelled at
+the sea, even at the Red Sea.
+
+8 Nevertheless he saved them for the sake
+of his name, to make known his might.
+
+9 He rebuked the Red Sea also, and it was
+dried np; and he led them through the
+depths, as through the wilderness.
+
+10 And he saved them from the hand of
+him that hated them, and redeemed them
+from the liand of the enemy.
+
+11 And the waters covered their adversa-
+ries : not one of them was left.
+
+12 Then believed they in his words, they
+sang his praise.
+
+13 Speedily they forgot his work.s, they
+waited not for his counsel ;
+
+14 And they felt a lustful longing in the
+wilderness, and tempted God in the desert.
+
+15 And he gave them what they had
+asked; but sent dryness into their soul.
+
+
+Philippson, as in Joel, pS' with "gruh."
+The uational sius since the exodus arc here recounted.
+
+771
+
+
+PSALM CVI.
+
+
+16 Moreover they envied' Moses in the
+camp, and Aaron the holy one of the Lord.
+
+17 The earth opened and swallowed up
+Dathan, and covered over the company of
+Abiram.
+
+18 And a fire was kindled in their com-
+jjany: the flame burnt up the wicked.
+
+19 They made a calf in Horeb, and bowed
+themselves down to a molten image.
+
+20 And they exchanged their glory for
+the similitude of an ox that eateth herbs.
+
+21 They foi'got God their savioui', who had
+done great things in Egypt,
+
+22 Wonders in the land of Ham, terrible
+things by the Red Sea.
+
+23 He therefore spoke of destroying them:
+had not Moses his elect stood in the breach
+before him, to turn away his fury, that he
+might not destroy.
+
+24 And they despised the pleasant land,
+they believed not in his word;
+
+25 But they murmured in their tents, they
+hearkened not unto the voice of the Lord.
+
+26 He therefore lifted up his hand against
+them, to cause them to fall in the wilder-
+ness;
+
+27 And to let their seed fall among the
+nations, and to scatter them in the lands.
+
+28 And they joined themselves unto Ba'al-
+pe'or, and ate the sacrifices of the dead.''
+
+29 And they provoked him to anger with
+their deeds : and there broke in among them
+the plague.
+
+30 Then stood up Phinehas, and executed
+judgment:" and the plague was stayed.
+
+31 And it was accounted unto him for
+righteousness, unto all generations for ever-
+more.
+
+32 They angered him also at the waters
+of Meribah, and evil happened to Moses for
+their sake ;
+
+33 Because they had imbittered his spirit,
+and so he spoke thoughtlessly with his lips.
+
+
+' Rashi, "they made Moses angry."
+
+
+" I. e. The idols which are inanimate, in opposition to
+"the living God" of Israel.
+772
+
+
+34 They did not exterminate the nations,
+that the Lord had indicated to them;
+
+35 But they mingled themselves among
+the nations, and learned their doings.
+
+36 And they served their idols, and these
+became unto them a snare.
+
+37 Yea, they sacrificed their sons and
+their daughters unto the evil spirits;
+
+38 And they shed innocent blood, the
+blood of their sons and of their daughters,
+whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Ca-
+naan: and the land was polluted with blood-
+guiltiness.
+
+39 Thus were they made unclean through
+their own doings, and went astray with their
+own deeds.
+
+40 Therefore was the wrath of the Lord
+kindled against his people, and he felt dis-
+gust for his own inheritance.
+
+41 And he gave them up into the hand of
+the nations: and there ruled over them those
+that hated them.
+
+42 And their enemies also oppressed them :
+and they were subdued under their hand.
+
+43 Many times did he deliver them; but
+they rebelled with their counsel, and they
+were brought low through their iniquity.
+
+44 Nevertheless he looked on when they
+were in distress, when he heard their en-
+treaty.
+
+45 And he remembered unto them his
+covenant, and he bethought him.self accord-
+ing to the abundance of his kindnesses ;
+
+46 And he caused them to find mercy** be-
+fore all those that had carried them away
+captive.
+
+47 Save us, 0 Lord our God, and gather
+us from among the nations, to give thanks
+unto thy holy name, to triumph in thy
+praise.
+
+48 Blessed be the Lord the God of Israel
+from everlasting even to everlasting: and let
+all the people say. Amen, Hallelujah.
+
+° Aben Ezra; but Jonathan, as though it were SSiin'i
+"and he prayed."
+
+* Lit. "And he gave them unto mercy."
+
+
+PSALM r\ II.
+
+
+BOOK FIFTH.
+
+
+PSALM CVIL
+
+1 Tl Oh give thanks unto the Lord; for he
+is good; for unto eternity enchn'eth his kind-
+ness.
+
+2 Thus let the Lord's redeemed say, even
+those whoni he hath redeemed from the hand
+of the adversary ;'
+
+3 And whom he hath gathered out of the
+(various) lands, from the east, and from the
+west, from the north, and from the sea.*"
+
+4 They wandered about in the wilderness,
+in the desert path;" they coidd not tind an
+inhabited'^ city :
+
+5 Hungry and thirsty, their soul within
+them fainted.
+
+G Then they cried unto the Lord when
+they were in distress, (and) out of their af-
+flictions he delivered them.
+
+7 And he led them forth on the right way,
+that they might go to an inhabited city.
+
+8 They (therefore) shall give thanks unto
+the Lord for his kindness, and (proclaim)"
+his wonders to the children of men !
+
+9 For he satisfied the longing soul, and
+the hungry soul he filled with good. —
+
+10 Such as sit in darkness and in the sha-
+dow of death, bound in misery and (fetters
+of)*^ iron; —
+
+11 Because they have rebelled against the
+words of God, and have contemned the coun-
+sel of the Most High ;
+
+12 And he humbled with trouble their
+heart; they stumbled, and there was none to
+help;
+
+13 But when they ci'y unto the Lord when
+they are in distress, he saveth them out of
+their afflictions;
+
+14 He bringeth them out of darkness aij^
+
+
+' Aben Ezra, Redak and others, the same as my "dis-
+tress."
+
+" Sforno, " the Red Sea," which is to the south of Pa-
+lestine. Redak remarks, the south is not mentioned be-
+cause, from its heat, it is not much travelled.
+
+• Sforno, "trackless desert;" but thus is precisely the
+way through the sea or desert, immediately obliterated.
+
+"^ Eug. ver. and Philippson, "a city to dwell in." [
+
+• Aben Ezra and Redak. Others supply ntyj; "MyN i
+"and for his wonders (which he hath done) to," &c. j
+
+' Lit. "prisoners of misery and iron." i
+
+
+the shadow of death, and teareth their bands
+asunder.
+
+15 The}' (therefore) shall give thanks unto
+the Lord for his kindness, and (proclaim) his
+wonders to the children of men !
+
+16 For he hath broken the doors of cop-
+per, and the bolts of iron hath he hewn asun-
+der.—
+
+17 Fools, because of their transgression,
+and because of their iniquities, are afflicted.
+
+18 All manner of food their soul abhor-
+reth; and they draw near unto the gates of^
+death ;
+
+19 But when they cry unto the Lord when
+they are in distress, he saveth them out of
+their afflictions.
+
+20 He sendeth his word and healeth them,
+and delivereth them from their graves.^
+
+21 They (therefore) shall give thanks unto
+the Lord for his kindness, and (proclaim) his
+wonders to the children of men !
+
+22 They shall also sacrifice the sacrifices
+of thanksgiving, and relate his deeds with
+joyful song. —
+
+23 They who go down to the sea in ships,
+who do business on great waters; —
+
+24 These have seen the works of the Lord,
+and his wonders on the deep.
+
+25 For lie spoke, and he raised the stormy
+wind, which lifteth up its waves.
+
+26 They would mount up to heaven, they
+would go down to the depths : their soul was
+melted because of their danger.''
+
+27' They would reel to and fro, and stag-
+ger like a drunken man, and all their wisdom
+was exhausted.'
+
+28 And they cried unto the Lord when
+they were in distress, and he brought them
+out of their afflictions.
+
+
+* So Redak. Others, "their destruction." In the
+whole construction of this Psalm the future alternates
+rapidly with the past; wherefore cither teuse may be
+adopted in the translation.
+
+"" Redak. Lit. "evil," <• <"• misfortune, or the conse-
+quence of it; here evidently the danger awaiting the
+crew from shipwreck.
+
+' Lit. "was swallowed." Aben Ezra, "was hidden as
+though it were not." Eug. ver., "they are at their wit's
+end." Philippson, "all tiieir wisdom was at an end."
+(. c. as regards devising means of escape
+
+773
+
+
+PSALMS CVIL— CIX.
+
+
+29 He calmed the storm into a whisper,
+and stilled were the waves of the sea.
+
+30 And they were rejoiced because they
+were silent: and then he guided them unto
+their desired haven."
+
+•31 They (therefore) shall give thanks unto
+the Lord for his kindness, and (proclaim) his
+wonders to the children of men !''
+
+32 And they must exalt him in the con-
+gregation of the people, and in the assembly"
+of the elders must they praise him. —
+
+33 He changeth rivers into a wilderness,
+and water-springs into parched ground;
+
+34 A fruitful land into a salty waste, for
+the wickedness of those that dwell therein.
+
+35 He changeth the wilderness into a pool
+of water, and desert land into water-springs.
+
+36 And there he causeth to dwell the
+hungry, that they may found an inhabited
+city;
+
+37 And they sow fields, and plant vine-
+yards, that they may j'ield the fruits of the
+(annual) product.''
+
+38 He also blesseth them, and they multi-
+ply greatly, and he suflfereth not their cattle
+to diminish.
+
+39 They*" were also diminished and bowed
+low through oppression, misfortune, and sor-
+row:
+
+40 He (then) poureth contempt upon
+princes, and causeth them to wander in a
+pathless wilderness.
+
+41 And he exalte th the needy from misery,
+and maketh (his) families like flocks.
+
+42 The righteous shall see it, and rejoice;
+but all wickedness shall stop her mouth.
+
+43 Whoever is wise, let him observe these
+things, and let (all) understand the kindness
+of the Lord.
+
+PSALM CYUV
+
+1 ^ A song or psalm of David.
+
+2 My heart is firm, 0 God; I will sing
+and give praise, even with my spirit.
+
+
+° Rashi, "boundary."
+
+^ The Rabbins say that four classes are bound to re-
+turn public thanks: those who have returned from a
+journey through the wilderness, who have been impri-
+.soned, been sick, and lastly, who have returned from sea.
+Moderns interpret this Psalm as referring to those re-
+turned from the Babylonian exile, and explain it meta-
+phorically for all Israel, who had undergone various mis-
+hap'; from the destruction of the temple.
+77J
+
+
+. 3 Awake, psaltery and harp : I will wake
+up the morning-dawn.
+
+4 I will give thee thanks among the jjeo-
+ple, 0 Lord : and I will sing praises unto thee
+ainong the nations.
+
+5 For great alcove the heavens is thy kind-
+ness, and thy truth reacheth even unto the
+skies.
+
+6 Exalt thyself above the heavens, 0 God ;
+and alcove all the earth thy glory.
+
+7 In oi'der that thy beloved may be de-
+livered: help with thy riglit hand, and an-
+swer me.
+
+8 God. hath spoken in his holiness: I will
+exult, I will divide Shechem, and the valley
+of Succoth will I measure out.
+
+U Mine is Gil'ad, and mine is Menasseh;
+Ephraim also is the strong-hold of my head;
+of Judah are my chiefs.
+
+10 Moab is my washpot; upon Edom will
+I cast my shoe; over Philistia will I triumph.
+
+11 Who wuU bring me into the fortified
+city? who will lead me as far as Edom?
+
+12 Behold, it is thou, 0 God, who hast cast
+us off; and thou, 0 God, goest not forth with
+our armies.
+
+13 Give us help against the assailant;
+for vain is the help of man.
+
+14 Through God shall we do valiantly ; for
+he it is that will tread down our adversaries.
+
+PSALM CIX.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by David, a
+psalm. 0 God of my praise, do not keep
+silence.
+
+2 For the mouth of the wicked and the
+mouth of deceit are opened against me: they
+have spoken with me with the tongue of
+falsehood.
+
+3 Also with words of hatred have they en-
+compassed me, and they fight against me
+without a cause.
+
+4 In recompense for my love^ are they my
+accusers, while I have nothing but prayer.
+
+
+° Lit. "seat," where the elders sit together.
+
+'' Redak, "fruit and products."
+
+" Mendelssohn connects the verses in this way: "If
+they are diminished, &c. — then doth he pour out contempt
+upon princes — and delivcreth the needy from oppres-
+sion," &c.
+
+' This Psalm is from 1 to 6 the same as Ps. Ivii. 6, 8-
+12; and from 7 to 11 nearly as Ix. 7-14.
+
+* Rashi, "my love to tliee."
+
+
+PSALMS CIX. ex.
+
+
+5 And they impose evil on me in recom-
+pense for good, and hatred in lieu of my love.
+
+G Appoint" thou a wicked man over him.
+and let an accuser stand at his right hand.
+
+7 When he is to be judged, let him go
+forth guilty, and let his prayer become sin.
+
+8 Let his days be few, and let another
+take his office.''
+
+9 Let his children be fatherless, and his
+wife a widow.
+
+10 Let his children be continually moving
+about, and beg, and let them seek (their
+bread) out of their ruined places.
+
+11 Let the creditor lay snares after all
+that he hath, and let strangers plunder his
+labour.
+
+12 Let him have none that extendeth
+kindness, and let there be none that is gra-
+cious to his fatherless children.
+
+13 Let his posterity be cut off: in another
+generation let their name be blotted out.
+
+14 Let the iniquity of his fathers be re-
+membered by the Lord, and let the sin of
+his mother not be blotted out.
+
+15 Let them" be before the Lord continu-
+ally, that he may cut off from the earth their
+memory.
+
+16 For the reason that he remembered not
+to show kindness; but persecuted the poor
+and needy man, and the grieved in heart to
+put him to death.
+
+17 As he loved cursing, so let it come over
+him : and as he delighted not in blessing, so
+let it be far from him.
+
+18 And he clothed himself with cursing as
+with his garment: and it cometh like water
+within him, and like oil into his bones.'*
+
+19 Let it be unto him as a garment in
+which he wrappeth himself, and for a girdle
+let him be continually girded with it.
+
+20 Let this be the reward of my accusers
+from the Lord, and of those that speak evil
+against my soul.
+
+' Mendelssohn and others take all from ver. 6 to 19 as
+the curse of David's enemies against him ; while the
+greater part of the commentators regard it as the outbreak
+of feeling of the Psalmist against the chief of those who
+persecuted him relentlessly without the least regard to
+justice. Redak conceives this one to be Doeg, who be-
+trayed his staying with Aehimelech to the enraged Saiil.
+
+•■ Rashi. Redak, "his property," or "his wife."
+
+° i. e. The iniquity and sin just spoken of.
+
+'' Philippson, "as water and oil penetrate substances, so
+may the inner part of the wicked be penetrated by the curse."
+
+
+21 But thou, 0 Eternal Lord, deal with
+me for the s.ake of thy name : because thy
+kindness is good, deliver thou me.
+
+22 For poor and needy am I, and my
+heart is deeply wounded within me.
+
+23 Like the sliadow when it declineth do
+I hasten away: I am driven suddenly off
+like the locusts."
+
+24 My knees stuml^le through fasting, and
+my flesh faileth of fatness.'
+
+25 And I am become a reproach unto
+them : when they see me, they shake their
+head.
+
+26 Help me, 0 Lord my God : 0 save me
+according to thy kindness:
+
+27 That they may know that this is thy
+hand; that thou, Lord, hast truly done it.
+
+28 Let them then curse, but do thou bless:
+when they arise, let them be made ashamed ;
+but let thy .servant rejoice.
+
+29 Let my accusers be clothed with confu-
+sion, and let them wrap them,selves, as with
+a mantle, in their own shame.
+
+30 I will thank the Lord greatly with my
+mouth, and in the midst of many will I
+praise him.
+
+31 For he ever standeth at the right hand
+of the needy, to save him from those that
+judge^ his soul.
+
+PSALM ex.
+
+1 ^ By David, a psalm. The Eternal
+saith unto my lord. Sit thou at my right
+hand, until I pliice thy enemies as a stool for
+thy feet.
+
+2 The staff of thy strength will the Eter-
+nal stretch forth out of Zion : rule thou in
+the midst of thy enemies.
+
+3 Thy people will Ijring freewill-gifts on
+the day of thy power, in the ornaments of ho-
+liness : as out of the bosom of the morning-
+dawn, so is thine the dew of thy youth.*"
+
+4 The Lord hath sworn, and will not re-
+
+
+* (■. e. Which are suddenly destroyed at times by rain
+or carried away by a storm. (See Exod. x. 19.)
+
+' Philippson, "my flesh deceiveth, because there is no
+oil," ('. e. to anoint therewith, anointing being omitted
+during a fast.
+
+* Sacha, "that condemn his soul."
+
+'' i. e. The dew, the emblem of blessing, which he had
+so long deserved, shall now come to him as the actual dew
+drops on the earth, so to say, out of the bosom of the
+morning-dawn. This ver.se is rendered after Philippson.
+Rashi, interpreting this Psalm as applied to Abraham,
+
+
+PSALMS CXI— cxnr.
+
+
+for
+
+
+ever
+
+
+pent of it, Thou slialt be a priest'
+after the order of Mall<i-zeclek.
+
+5 The Lord at thy right hand crusheth
+kings on the day of his wrath.
+
+6 He will judge among the nations — there
+shall be a fulness of corpses — he crusheth
+heads on a wide-spread land.
+
+7 From the brook will he drink on the
+way:'' therefore will he lift up the head.
+
+PSALM CXI.
+
+1 T[ Hallelujah. I will thank the Lord
+with all (my) heart, in the council of the up-
+right, and in the congregation.
+
+2 Great are the works of the Lord, they
+are sought for (by them) in all their desires.''
+
+3 Glorious and majestic is his doing, and
+his righteousness endureth for ever.
+
+4 He hath made a memorial for his won-
+derful works: gracious and merciful is the
+Lord.
+
+5 He hath given sustenance unto those
+that fear him: he will for ever be mindful
+of his covenant.
+
+6 The power of his works hath he told
+unto his people, that he might give them the
+heritage of nations.
+
+7 The works of his hands are truth and
+justice: faultless** are all his precepts.
+
+8 They are well supported for ever and
+eternally: they are framed in truth and up-
+rightness.
+
+9 Eedemption hath he sent unto his peo-
+ple; he hath commanded his covenant for
+ever: holy and to be feared is his name.
+
+10 The beginning of wisdom is the fear of
+
+
+the Lord; a
+
+
+good"
+
+
+understandino; have all
+
+
+renders, "Thy people will come voluntarily vinto thee on
+the day of thy gathering an army; this shall be thine be-
+cause of the beauties of holiness which thou hadst from
+thy earliest age, soon after thou didst leave thy mother's
+womb ; to thee shall be accounted the way of righteousness
+which thou didst follow in thy youth, to be as pleasant
+as the dew." Sachs, accordingly, "Thy people, volunta-
+rily coming on the day of the gathering of thy army, is in
+holy ornament; out of the bosom of the morning-dawn
+(fiowcth) unto thee the dew of thy youth."
+
+* Aben Ezra, "minister," or "servant," to serve the
+LoRlJ. Malki-zedek was king and priest at Salem, after-
+ward Jerusalem ; and so the king it is said here shall be
+both temporal chief and a priest in the general sense, not
+sacrificial, or servant of (xod. So also, "you shall be
+unto me a kingdom of priests." (Exod. xix. 6.) This
+precisely was David, as in- superintended and organized
+the temple worship, without infringing on the oflfice of
+77C
+
+
+that fuUil (his commandments) : his praise'
+endureth for ever.
+
+PSALxM CXII.
+
+1 ^ Hallelujah. Happy is the man that
+feareth the Lord, that greatly delighteth in
+his commandments.
+
+2 His seed shall be mighty upon earth :
+the generation of the upright shall be bles.sed.
+
+3 Plenty and riches shall be in his house,
+and his righteousness shall endure for ever.
+
+4 There ariseth in the darkness a light to
+the upright: he is gracious, and merciful, and
+righteous.
+
+5 Well'' will it be with the man who is
+kind, and lendeth: he will guide his affairs
+with justice.
+
+6 Surely unto eternity shall he not be
+moved : in everlasting remembrance shall
+the righteous be held.
+
+7 Of an evil report shall he not be afraid :
+his heart is firm, trusting in the Lord.
+
+8 Well supported is his heart, he shall not
+be afraid, until he looketh on (the punish-
+ment of) his assailants.
+
+9 He distributeth, he giveth to the needy :
+his I'ighteousness endureth for ever; his horn
+shall be exalted in honour.
+
+10 The wicked shall see it, and be vexed;
+he will gnash with his teeth, and melt away :
+the longing of the wicked shall perish.
+
+PSALM CXIII."
+
+1 ^ Hallelujah. Praise, 0 ye servants of
+the Lord, praise ye the name of the Lord.
+
+2 Let the name of the Lord be blessed
+from this time forth and for evermore.
+
+
+the Aaronitic priesthood, in which a stranger, though
+king of Israel, could not mingle.
+
+'' "In the haste of pursuit the king will not stop to
+have the water brought, but drink it as he finds it on his
+way." — Herxheimer. But Philippson, "Wherever he
+goes God provides him the brook to quench his thirst,
+and so to acquire a complete victory."
+
+° Sforno and Rabbi Moreuus; meaning, the righteous
+seek for the works of the Lord, to satisfy themselves in
+all their desires.
+
+■^ Iledak. Lit "faithful," "approved," or "found true."
+
+' Others, "good success," &c.
+
+' /. e. God's praise. Aben Ezra and Redak, "the
+praise of the man that observcth the precepts," &c.
+
+' Redak; but .Jonathan, "the good man hath pity on
+the poor and lendeth."
+
+*■ This and Rsalms exiv. cxvii. are called "the (Egyp-
+tian) TTallcl."
+
+
+PSALMS CXTII— CXV.
+
+
+3 From the rising of tlio sun unto his go-
+ing down the name of the Lord is" }3raised.
+
+4 High above all nations is tlie Lord,
+above the heavens is his glory.
+
+5 Who is like the Lord our God, who
+dwelleth on high?
+
+6 Who condescendeth'' to view what is
+done in the heavens, and on the earth?
+
+7 He raiseth up out of the dust the poor,
+fi'om the dunghill he liftetli up the needy:
+
+8 That he may set him with princes, even
+with the princes of his people.
+
+9 He causeth the barren Avoman to dwell
+in the midst of (her) household,'' the joyful
+mother of children. PLallelujah.
+
+PSALM CXIV.
+
+1 ][ When Israel went forth out of Egypt,
+the house of Jacob from a people of a strange
+language :
+
+2 Judah became his sanctuary, (and) Is-
+rael his dominion.
+
+3 The sea beheld it, and fled : the Jordan
+was driven backward.
+
+4 The mountains skipped like wethers, the
+hills like lambs.
+
+5 What aileth thee, 0 sea, that thou
+fleest? thou, 0 Jordan, that thou art driven
+backward ?
+
+6 Ye mountains, that ye skip like wethers ?
+ye hills, like lambs?
+
+7 At the presence of the Lord tremble,'' 0
+earth, at the pi-esence of the God of Jacob;
+
+8 Who changeth the rock into a pool of
+water, the flint into a fountain of water.
+
+PSALM CXV.
+
+1 ^ Not for our sake, 0 Lord, not for our
+sake,* but unto thy name give glory, for the
+sake of thy kindness, for the sake of thy
+truth.
+
+
+' Redak. Others, "let the name of the Lord he
+praised."
+
+'■ Redak, who also quotes a version by others, "who
+dwelleth so high in heaven, and seeth so deep on the
+earth." Rashi, who is followed by Sachs, &e. : "Who
+looketh down so deeply, (who is) in heaven and on
+earth."
+
+" Redak and Aben Ezra. Rashi, allegorically, " Zion,
+who is like a barren woman, will he cause to be inha-
+bited as the joyful mother of children." Philippson,
+"the barren one of the house he causeth to dwell, as," &c.
+
+''Aben Ezra, one opinion, "the earth trembleth ;"
+•bin as infinitive absolute, not imperative. But Rashi,
+4 X
+
+
+2 Wherefore should the nations say,
+Where now is their God?
+
+3 Whereas our God is in the heavens:
+whatsoever he desireth hath he done.^
+
+4 Their idols are silver and gold, the work
+of the hands of man.
+
+5 A mouth they have, but speak jiot;
+eyes they have, but see not;
+
+6 Ears they have, but hear not; a nose
+they have, but smell not.
+
+7 They have hands," but they touch
+not; they have feet, but they walk not:
+nor do they give any utterance by their
+throat.
+
+8 Like them are those that make them,
+every one that trusteth in them.
+
+9 0 Israel, trust thou in the Lord — he is
+their help and their shield.
+
+10 0 house of Aaron, trust ye in the Lord
+— he is their help and their shield.
+
+11 Ye that fear*" the Lord, trust ye in the
+Lord — he is their lielp and their shield.
+
+12 The Lord hath even been mindful of
+us, he wall bless (us) ; he will bless the
+house of Israel; he will bless the house of
+Aaron ;
+
+13 He Avill bless those that fear the Lord,
+the small together with the great.
+
+14 May the Lord increase you more and
+more, you and your children.
+
+15 Blessed are ye of the Lord, who made
+heaven and earth.
+
+16 The heavens are the heavens of the
+Lord; but the earth hath he given to the
+children of men.
+
+17 Not the dead can praise the Lord,
+nor all those that go down into the silence
+(of death).'
+
+18 But as for us, we will bless the Lord
+fi'om this time forth and for evermore. Hal-
+lelujah.
+
+
+"before the Lord who produceth the earth," as though
+it were b'7innn.
+
+° Rashi, with the comment, "deal with us." Others,
+"Not to us give glory, but to thy name."
+
+' Others, "whatsoever he desireth that he doeth."
+
+* There is a change of construction in the text, and
+might be rendered, "as regardeth their feet these do
+not walk," &c.
+
+^ Rashi here, "the proselytes;" in csviii. 4, "the
+Levites." Aben Ezra, "those that fear God among all
+nations."
+
+' Lit. "silence," i. e. death where there is no speech."
+(See Ps. xciv. 17.)
+
+777
+
+
+PSALMS CXVI.— CXVIII.
+
+
+PSALM CXVL
+
+1 ^ It is lovely to me* that the Lord
+heareth my voice, my supplications.
+
+2 For he hath inclined his ear unto me:
+therefore throughout all my days will I call
+on him.
+
+3 The bands of death had compassed me,
+and the pangs of the nether world had over-
+taken me; I had met with distress and sor-
+row:
+
+4 I then called on the name of the Lord,
+I beseech thee, 0 Lord, release my soul.
+
+5 Grncious is the Lord, and righteous;
+and oui- God is merciful.
+
+6 Tlie Lord preserveth the simple: I was
+m miser}^, and he helped me.
+
+7 Return, 0 my soul, unto thy rest; for
+the Lord hath dealt bountifully with thee.
+
+8 For thou hast delivered my soul from
+death, my eyes from tears, my feet from falling.
+
+9 I will walk before the Lord in the lands
+of life.
+
+10 I believe, therefore will I speak: I was
+greatly aflilicted;
+
+11 I indeed said in my despondency.
+Every man is a liar.''
+
+12 What shall I give in return unto the
+Lord for all his bounties toward me?
+
+13 The cup of salvation will I lift ujd, and
+on the name of the Lord will I call.
+
+14 My vows will I pay unto the Lord,
+yea, in the presence of all his people.
+
+15 Grievous in the eyes of the Lord is the
+death of his pious ones.
+
+16 0 Lord, truly am I thy servant; I am
+thy servant, — the son of thy handmaid : thou
+hast loosened my fetters.
+
+17 Unto thee will I offer the sacrifice of
+thanksgiving, and on the name of the Lord
+will I call.
+
+18 My vows will I pay unto the Lord,
+yea, in the presence of all his people,
+
+
+* Kashi and Abcn Ezra. Redak supplies, "the Lord;"
+llius, "I love (the Lord), because the Lord heareth."
+
+'' liashi, one opinion, " I said in my haste to escape
+from Saiil, Every man, even Samuel who had anointed
+mc as king, is a liar." The verses thus mean, "At pre-
+sent, seeing the fulfilment of God's truth, he would speak
+confidently — in times past he was greatly afflicted; in the
+despondency (or hastiness) thence occurring he had
+doubted both men and Providence; all words, all pro-
+phecy was deemed a deception."
+
+° Jonathan, " In the name of the Lord (I trust),
+
+
+19 Li the courts of the house of the TjORD,
+in thy midst, 0 Jerusalem. Hallelujah.
+
+PSALM CXVIL
+
+1 T[ Praise the Lord, all ye nations : praise
+him, all ye people.
+
+2 For mighty is his kindness over us: and
+the truth of the Lord endureth for ever.
+Hallelujah.
+
+PSALM cxvin.
+
+1 Tl 0 give thanks unto the Lord; for he
+is good ; because unto eternity endureth his
+kindness.
+
+2 Let Israel then say so; because to eter-
+nity endureth his kindness.
+
+3 Let the house of Aaron then say so; be-
+cause to eternity enduretli his kindness.
+
+4 Let those who fear the Lord then say so;
+because to eternity endureth his kindness.
+
+5 From the midst of distress I called on
+the Lord: the Lord answered me with en-
+largement.
+
+6 The Lord is for me; I will not fear:
+what can a man do unto me?
+
+7 The Lord is for me, among those that
+help me: therefore shall I indeed look on (the
+punishment of) those that hate me.
+
+8 It is better to seek shelter with the
+Lord than to trust in man.
+
+9 It is better to seek shelter with the Lord
+than to tfust in princes.
+
+10 All nations encompassed me about; but
+in the name of the Lord I will surely" cut
+them off.
+
+11 They encompassed me about; yea,
+they compassed about; but in the name of
+the Lord I will surely cut them of!'.
+
+12 They encompassed me about like bees;
+they blazed** up like the fire of thorns; but in
+the name of the Lord I will surely cut tliem off.
+
+13 Thou hast thrust violently at me that
+I might fall; but the Lord assisted me.
+
+
+therefore will I destroy them;" supplying "I trusts," and
+rendering o as " because." Philippsou deems it useless
+to supply this, and translates, " — in the name of the
+Lord; for I destroy them." So also in verses 11 and 12.
+^ Jonathan and Kashi, the latter commenting that the
+root "^yi signifies a sudden starting from a spot, such
+as water and fire, which leave their starting-point rapidly,
+especially the flame when it is quenched; hence also the
+sudden blazing up of a fire of dry bushes, which is there-
+upon speedily quenched. Aben Ezra, however, renders
+it with "queuclied" here also.
+
+
+PSALMS CXV'III. CXIX.
+
+
+14 My strength and 8ong is the Lokd, and
+he is become my salvation.
+
+15 The voice of rejoicing and salvation is
+in the tents of the righteous: the right hand
+of the LdUD doth valiantly.
+
+16 The right hand of the Lord is exalted:
+the right hand of the Loud dotli valiantly.
+
+17 1 shall not die, bub- 1 shall live, and re-
+late the works of the Lord.
+
+18 Severely hath the Lord chastised me;
+Ijut unto death hath lie not given me up.
+
+19 Open to me the gates of righteousness:
+I ■will enter into them, I will give thanks
+unto the Lord.
+
+20 This is the gate which belongeth unto
+the Lord, the righteous shall enter thereljy.
+
+21 I will thank thee; for thou hast an-
+swered" me, and art become my salvation.
+
+22 The stone'' which the builders rejected
+is become the chief corner-stone.
+
+23 From the Lord is this come to pass, it
+is marvellous in our eyes.
+
+24 This is the day which the Lord hath
+made, we will be glad and rejoice thei'eon.
+
+25 We beseech thee, 0 Lord, save (us)
+now: we beseech thee, 0 Lord, send (us)
+now prosperity.
+
+26 Blessed be he that cometh in the name
+of the Lord : we bless you out of the house
+of the Lord.
+
+27 God is the Lord, and he giveth us
+light: bind the festive sacritice with cords,
+(leading it)" up to the horns of the altar.
+
+28 Thou art my God, and I will thank
+thee : my God, I will exalt thee.
+
+29 Oh give thanks unto the Lord; for he
+is good; because to eternity endureth his
+kindness.
+
+PSALM CXTX.*
+
+X ALEI'H.
+
+1 ^ Happy are they whose way is perfect,
+who walk in the law of the Lord.
+
+2 Happy are they who keep his testimo-
+nies, that seek him with all their heart.
+
+
+' Jonathan. Sachs, Mendelssohn, and others, "for thou
+hast afflicted me."
+
+" Rashi comments, "the people which has been so
+low among idolaters."
+
+° Redak. Mendelssohn renders D^ry^j.'^ "wound about
+with myrtles." Philippson understands the closing words,
+"till the blood be sprinkled on the horns of the altar."
+
+
+3 They also commit no injustice: in his
+ways do they walk.
+
+4 Thou thyself hast commanded us thy pre-
+cepts, that we might keep (them) diligently.
+
+5 Oh that my ways were firmly directed
+to observe thy statutes!
+
+6 Then would I not be made ashamed,
+while I look at all thy commandments.
+
+7 I will thank thee with uprightness of
+heart, when I learn thy righteous ordinances.
+
+8 Thy statutes will I observe: oh forsake
+me not too greatly.
+
+2 BET EI.
+
+9 Wherewithal shall a youth keep his way
+pure ? by guarding it according to thy word.
+
+10 With all my heart have I sought thee:
+oh let me not wander astray from thy com-
+mandments.
+
+11 In my heart have I treasured up thy say-
+ing, in order that I may not sin against thee.
+
+12 Blessed art thou, 0 Lord: teach me
+thy statutes.
+
+13 With my lips have I related all the
+ordinances of thy mouth.
+
+14 On the way of th}^ testimonies have I
+been glad, as over all wealth.
+
+15 On thy precepts will I meditate, and
+direct my look unto thy paths.
+
+16 In thy statutes will I seek" my delight:
+I will not forget thy word.
+
+J GIMEL.
+
+17 ^ Deal bountifully with thy servant:
+let me live, that I may observe thy word.
+
+18 Open thou my eyes, that I may behold
+wondrous things out of thy law.
+
+19 A stranger am I on the earth : hide not
+from me thy commandments.
+
+20 My soul is broken from longing for thy
+ordinances at all times.
+
+21 Thou hast rebuked the accursed proud,
+who go erringly astray from thy command-
+ments.
+
+22 Roll away from me reproach and con-
+tempt; for thy testimonies have I kept.
+
+
+'' This Psalm consists of 176 verses, and is divided into
+22 sections, each one consisting of 8 verses, all of which
+commence with the same letter of the alphabet, which is
+thus contained eight times in this Psalm. Each verse
+contains a sentence praising the law of God.
+
+' Rashi, "I will turn my attention to," or "busy my-
+self with."
+
+779
+
+
+PSALM CXTX.
+
+
+23 Although even princes should sit and
+speak against me, thy servant would still
+meditate on thy statutes.
+
+24 Also thy testimonies are my delight,
+my counsellors."
+
+"1 DALETH.
+
+25 ][ My soul cleaveth unto the dust: re-
+vive thou me according to thy word.
+
+26 My ways do I relate (to thee), and
+thou ansAverest me: teach me thy statutes.
+
+27 Cause me to understand the way of thy
+precepts, that I may meditate on thy wonders.
+
+28 My soul droppeth away from grief: sus-
+tain mo according to thy word.
+
+29 The way of falsehood do thou remove
+from me, and grant me graciously thy law.
+
+30 The Avay of truth have I chosen : thy
+ordinances have I set (before me).
+
+31 I have adhered unto thy testimonies:
+0 Lord, put me not to shame.
+
+32 The way of thy commandments will I
+run ; for thou wilt enlarge my heart.
+
+n HE.
+
+33 Tf Teach me, 0 Lord, the way of thy sta-
+tutes, and I shall keep it in all its windings.**
+
+34 Give me understanding, that I may
+keep thy law, and I will observe it with all
+(my) heart.
+
+o5 Guide me on the path of thy command-
+ments ; for therein do I find my delight.
+
+36 Incline my heart unto thy testimonies,
+jind not to desire for gain.
+
+37 Turn away my eyes from beholding
+vanity: on thy way do thou give me life.
+
+38 Fulfil unto thy servant thy promise"
+for those who are devoted to thy fear.
+
+39 Cause to pass away my disgrace of
+which I have dread; for thy ordinances are
+good.
+
+40 Behold, I have longed after thy pre-
+cepts : through thy righteousness do thou give
+my life.
+
+1 VAV.
+
+41 ^[ And let thy kindness come unto me, 0
+Lord, thy salvation, according to thy promise.
+
+42 Then shall I have a word to answer
+
+
+* Heb. "men of my counsel."
+
+^ Rashi. Aben Ezra, after whom Sachs, "and if I
+keep it, (then followcth) its reward." Eng. ver. and
+I'hilippson, "to the end."
+780
+
+
+the one that reproacheth me; for I trust in
+thy word.
+
+43 And snatch not the word of truth out
+of my mouth too greatly; for I wait for thy
+ordinances.
+
+44 So shall I observe thy law continually
+for ever and ever.
+
+45 And I will walk in an open space; foi
+thy precepts have I sought.
+
+46 And I will speak of thy testimonies be-
+fore kings, and will not be ashamed.
+
+47 And I will delight myself in thy com-
+mandments, wliich I love.
+
+48 And so will I lift up my hands unto
+thy commandments, whicli I love, and I will
+meditate on thy statutes.
+
+r ZAYIN.
+
+49 ]| Remember thy word unto thy servant,
+upon which thou hast caused me to wait.
+
+50 This is my comfort in my affliction,
+that thy promise hath revived me.
+
+51 The presumptuous have held me too
+greatly in derision : yet have I not departed
+away from thy law.
+
+52 I remembered thy decrees (which were)
+from olden times, 0 Lord, and thus comforted
+myself.
+
+53 Horror seized on me because of the
+wicked that forsake thy law.
+
+54 Songs have thy statutes been unto me
+in the house of my pilgrimage.
+
+55 I rememljered in the night thy name,
+0 Lord, and observed tliy law.
+
+56 This came to pass unto me, because I
+had kept thy precepts.
+
+n CHETH.
+
+57 Tl My portion is the Lord, have I said,
+that I might observe thy words.
+
+58 I make entreaty before thee Avith all
+my heart : be gracious unto me according to
+thy promise.
+
+59 I have thought over my ways, and
+made my feet return unto thy testimonies.
+
+60 I hastened, and delayed not to observe
+thy commandments.
+
+61 Companies of wicked men have sur-
+rounded'' me; but I have not forgotten thy law.
+
+
+° 1DN "the saying" of God, )'. e. his promise through
+the prophets.
+
+"" Jonathan. Menachem, "robbed," from "ip "booty,"
+"plunder."
+
+
+PSALM CXIX.
+
+
+62 At midnights do I constantly rise to
+give thanks unto thee, because of thy right-
+eous decrees.
+
+63 An associate am I unto all that fear
+thee, and unto those that keep thy precepts.
+
+64 Of thy kindness, 0 Lord, is the earth
+full : teach me thy statutes.
+
+to TETH.
+
+65 T[ Thou hast shown goodness on thy
+servant, 0 Lord, according to thy word.
+
+66 The best of discernment and knowledge
+do thou teach me; for in thy commandments
+do I believe.
+
+67 Before I was afflicted" I was in error;
+but now I observe thy saying.
+
+68 Thou art good, and doing good: teach
+me thy statutes.
+
+69 The presumptuous have invented false-
+hoods against me; but I will with all my
+heart indeed keep thy precepts.
+
+70 Gross as fat is their heart; but I take
+truly delight in thy law.
+
+71 It is well for me that I have been af-
+flicted, in order that I might learn thy sta-
+tutes.
+
+72 Better is unto me the law of thy mouth
+than tliousands of gold and silver.
+
+' YOD.
+
+73 ^ Thy hands have made me and esta-
+blished me : give me understanding, that I
+may learn thy commandments.
+
+74 Those that fear thee will see me and
+be rejoiced; Tbecause I have waited for thy
+tvord.
+
+75 I know, 0 Lord, that thy decrees are
+righteous, and that in faithfulness thou hast
+atflicted me.
+
+76 Let, I pray thee, thy kindness come to
+comfort me, according to thy promise unto
+thy servant.
+
+77 Let thy mercies come unto me, that I
+may live; for thy law is my delight.
+
+78 Let the presumptuous be made ashamed ;
+because they have without a cause dealt per-
+versely with me; but I will indeed meditate
+on thy precepts.
+
+* Rashi, "before I had studied them;" but others, as
+in the text, that affliction taught the Psalmist the value
+of religion.
+
+' i. e. Shrivelled up like a leathern water-bottle hung
+up to dry in the smoke.
+
+
+79 Let those that fear thee return unto
+me, and those that know thy testimonies.
+
+80 Let my heart be entire in thy statutes,
+in order that I may not be put to shame.
+
+D CAPH.
+
+81 ^ My soul ardently desii'eth for thy
+salvation : for thy word do I wait.
+
+82 My eyes look eagerly for thy promise,
+saying. When wilt thou comfort me?
+
+83 For I am become like a bottle'' in the
+smoke: (yet) do I not forget thy statutes.
+
+84 How many are the days df thy ser-
+vant? when wilt thou execute ju/tice on my
+persecutors ?
+
+85 The presumptuous have dug pit.s° for
+me, which is not in accordance with thy law.
+
+86 All thy commandments are founded on
+truth : without cause they persecute me ; help
+thou me.
+
+87 But little was wanting that they had
+consumed me upon earth; but I have truly
+not forsaken thy precepts.
+
+88 According to thy kindness give me
+life, that I may observe the testimony of thy
+mouth.
+
+
+s
+
+
+LAiMED.
+
+
+89 ^ To eternity, 0 Lord, standeth firm
+thy word with the heavens.**
+
+90 Unto all generations endureth thy
+faithfulness: thou hast established the earth,
+and she standeth.
+
+91 According" to thy ordinances they exist
+this day; for all are thy servants.
+
+92 Unless thy law had been my delights,
+I should long since have been lost in my af-
+fliction.
+
+93 Never will I forget thy precepts; for
+with them thou hast kept me alive.
+
+94 Thine am I, save me; for thy precepts
+have I sought.
+
+95 Wicked men have waited for me to de-
+stroy me; (but) I will reflect on thy testimo-
+nies.
+
+96 Of all perfection have I seen the end;
+(but) thy commandment is exceedingly ex-
+tended.
+
+
+° As wild beasts are taken in pits slightly covered
+over.
+
+* Redak, who comments, "that God having said the
+heavens should exist, they will endure for over."
+
+' Redak, "to obey thy ordinances."
+
+781
+
+
+PSALM CXIX.
+
+
+0 MEM.
+
+
+97 Tl Oh how do I love thy law ! all the day
+is it my meditation.
+
+98 Wiser than my enemy doth th}' com-
+mandment" make me; for it is perpetually
+with me.
+
+99 Above all my teachers have I obtained
+intelligence ; for thy testimonies are my medi-
+tation.
+
+100 More than the elders do I possess un-
+derstanding; because thy precepts do I keep.
+
+101 From every evil path have I with-
+holden mj' feet, in order that I might observe
+thy word.
+
+102 From thy ordinances have I not de-
+parted; for thou hast instructed me.
+
+103 How much sweeter are to my palate
+thy sayings than honey to my mouth !
+
+104 Through thy precepts shall I obtain
+understanding: therefore do I hate every
+path of falsehood.
+
+J NUN.
+
+105 ^ A lamp unto my feet is thy word,
+and a light unto my path.
+
+106 I have sworn, and I will perform it,
+to observe thy righteous ordinances.
+
+107 I am afflicted exceedingly much: 0
+Lord, revive me, according to thy word.
+
+108 Eeceive in fevour the freewill-offer-
+ings of my mouth, I beseech thee, 0 Lord,
+and teach me thy ordinances.
+
+109 My life is in my hand'' continually:
+yet thy law do I not forget.
+
+110 The wacked have laid a snare for me:
+yet have I not erred from thy precepts.
+
+111 I have taken thy testimonies as a
+heritage to eternity; for they are the joy of
+my heart.
+
+112 I have inclined my heart to perform
+thy statutes always, in all their ways.
+
+D SAMECH.
+
+113 ][ Those of divided thoughts I hate;
+but thy law do I love.
+
+114 My shelter and my shield art thou:
+for thy woi'd do I wait.
+
+* Aben Ezra explains the plunil in the. original as,
+"every one of thy comnianilmcnts."
+
+*■ /. c. Is in constant danger.
+
+° Rashi, "protect," or "deliver." Lit. "to guarantee,"
+{. e. against evil. Redak, "give delight to."
+782
+
+
+115 Depart from me, ye evildoers, that I
+may keep the commandments of God.
+
+116 Ujjhold me according to thy promise,
+that I may live, and let me not be made
+ashamed of my hope.
+
+117 Support me that I may be placed in
+safety, and I will direct my regard unto thy
+statutes continually.
+
+118 Thou hast trodden down all that err-
+ingly stray from thy statutes; for falsehood
+is their deceit.
+
+119 Like dross dost thou put away all the
+wicked of the earth: therefore do I love thy
+testimonies.
+
+120 My flesh trembleth shudderingly from
+dread of thee, and of thy decrees am I
+afraid.
+
+V 'AYIN.
+
+121 ^ I have executed justice and rightr
+eousness : leave me not to those who oppress
+me.
+
+122 Protect" thy servant for good: let not
+the presumptuous oppress me.
+
+123 My eyes look eagerly for thy salva-
+tion, and for thy righteous promise.
+
+124 Deal with thy servant according to
+thy kindness, and thy statutes do thou teacli
+me.
+
+125 I am thy servant: give me under-
+standing, that I may know thy testimonies.
+
+126 It is time to act'' for the Lord: they
+have broken" thy law.
+
+127 Therefore do I love thy command-
+ments more than gold, and more than fine
+gold.
+
+128 Therefore do I esteem all thy precepts
+in all things as right : every path of falsehood
+do I hate.
+
+5 PE.
+
+129 ][ Wonderful are thy testimonies:
+therefore doth my soul keep them.
+
+130 The opening-*^ of thy words givetli
+light, it giveth understanding unto the simple.
+
+131 I opened my mouth, and panted for
+breath; because for tliy comnuuKluients did
+I long.
+
+* Jonathan. Redak, "It is time for the Lord to act,"
+i. e. that he might dispense punishment.
+
+" "Broken," as in Gen. xvii. 14. Eng. ver., "made
+void," which man cannot do except by transgressing.
+
+' rhilippson, " The exposition," ('. e. what they teach
+
+
+PSALM CXTX.
+
+
+132 Turn thou unto nie, and be gracious
+unto nie, as is thy wont" unto those that love
+thy name.
+
+133 My steps estabUsh thou through thy
+promise, and sulTer not an}' wrong to have
+
+" dominion over me.
+
+134; Deliver me from the oppression of
+man, and I will observe thy precepts.
+
+135 Let thy face shine upon thy servant,
+and teach me thy statutes.
+
+136 Streams of water have run down my
+eyes; because they* had not observed thy
+law.
+
+V TZADDE.
+
+137 *[[ Righteous art thou, 0 Lord, and
+upright are thy decrees.
+
+138 Thou hast commanded thy testimo-
+nies, as righteous and f\iithful exceedingly.
+
+139 My zeal destroyeth me; because my
+assailants have forgotten thy words.
+
+140 Thy promise is greatly refined, and
+thy servant loveth it.
+
+141 I am little and despised: yet thy pre-
+cepts have I not forgotten.
+
+142 Thy righteousness is an everlasting
+righteousness, and thy law is the truth.
+
+143 Distress and trouble have overtaken
+me: (yet) are thy commandments my de-
+lights.
+
+144 Righteous are thy testimonies for ever-
+lasting: give me understanding, that I may
+live.
+
+p KOPH.
+
+145 T[ I have called with all my heart:
+answer me, 0 Lord: thy statutes will I keep.
+
+140 I have called on thee, save me, and
+I will observe thy testimonies.
+
+147 I come before thee in the dawn of
+morning, and cry : for thy word do I wait.
+
+148 My eyes are awake before the night-
+watches, tliat I may meditate in thy saying.
+
+149 Hear my voice according to thy kind-
+ness : 0 Lord, according to thy decree do thou
+grant me life.
+
+150 They that pursue mischievous devices
+draw nigh : from thy law are they far.
+
+151 Near art thou, 0 Lord; and all thy
+connnandments are the truth.
+
+
+■ Sachs, "as is proper for," &c.
+
+^ Aben Ezra refers this to the eyes; or rentiers )t " ipen."
+
+
+152 Of old already I knew of thy testimo-
+nies; because for eternity hast tliou founded
+them.
+
+n llESH.
+
+153 Look on my affliction, and release me;
+for thy law have I not forgotten.
+
+154 Plead my cause, and deliver me: ac-
+cording to thy promise do thou revive me.
+
+155 Far from the wicked is salvation; be-
+cause thy statutes have they not sought for.
+
+156 Thy mercies are abundant, 0 Lord;
+according to thy decrees do thou revive me.
+
+157 Many are my persecutors and my as-
+sailants: yet from thy testimonies do 1 not
+turn away.
+
+158 I beheld the treacherous, and felt dis-
+gust; because they observed not thy saying.
+
+159 Behold that I love thy precepts: 'O
+Lord, accoi'ding to thy kindness do thou re-
+vive me.
+
+160 The summif of thy word is truth:
+and the whole of thy righteous judgment en-
+dureth for ever.
+
+C SHIN.
+
+161 ][ Princes have persecuted me with-
+out a cause; but of thy word standeth my
+heart in dread.
+
+162 I am rejoiced over thy promise, as one
+that iindeth great spoil.
+
+163 Falsehood I hate and abhor; but thy
+law do I love.
+
+164 Seven times in the day do I praise
+thee because of thy righteous decrees.
+
+165 Abundant peace have they who love
+thy law; and there is nothing that causeth
+them to stumble.
+
+166 I have hoped for thy salvation, 0 Lord,
+and thy commandments have I fulfilled.
+
+167 My soul hath observed thy testimo-
+nies, and I love them exceedingly.
+
+168 I have observed thy precepts and thy
+testimonies; because all my ways are before
+thee.
+
+n TAV.
+
+169 ^ Let my entreaty come near before
+thee, 0 Lord: according to thy word grant
+me understandinii'.
+
+
+° Sachs. Ilerxheimer, "the sum." (Esod. xxx. 12.)
+ReJak, " Fropi the begiiiniiii' is thy word true."
+
+783
+
+
+PSALMS CXIX.— CXXIII.
+
+
+170 Let my supplication come before thee:
+according to thy promise do thou deliver me.
+
+171 My lips shall utter" praise ; because''
+thou wilt teach me thy statutes.
+
+172 My tongue shall speak loudly of thy
+promise ; for all thy commandments are right-
+eous.
+
+173 Let thy hand be (ready) to help me;
+for thy precepts have I chosen.
+
+174 I have longed for thy salvation, 0
+Lord; and thy law is my delights.
+
+175 Let my'soul live, and it shall praise
+thee : and let thy decrees help me.
+
+176 I have gone erringly astray like a lost
+sheep: seek thy servant; for thy command-
+ments have I not forgotten.
+
+PSALM CXX.
+
+1 TJ A song of the degrees.'^ Unto the
+Lord, when I was in distress, did I call, and
+he hath answered me.
+
+2 0 Lord, deliver my soul from lips of
+falsehood, and from a tongue of deceit.
+
+3 What will (God)" give unto thee? or
+what will he add unto thee, thou tongue of
+deceit?
+
+4 Sharpened arrows of the mighty, with
+coals of the broom-bush.
+
+5 Wo is me, that I sojourn in Meshech,"
+that I dwell in the tents of Kedar!
+
+6 Too long for herself hath my soul dwelt
+with him that hateth peace.
+
+7 I am for peace; but when I speak, they
+are for war.
+
+PSALM CXXL
+
+1 ^ A song for the degrees. I lift up my
+eyes unto the mountains: whence shall come
+my help?
+
+2 My help is from the Lord, the maker of
+heaven and earth.
+
+3 He will not suffer thy foot to slip: thy
+keeper doth not slumber.
+
+
+* Rashi. Mendelssohn, "flow with."
+
+^ Aben Ezra, "when thou wilt teach," &c.
+
+° The most reasonable signification of the term seems
+to be that these Psalms were sung by the people on their
+pilgrimages to Jerusalem at the festivals; hence Philipp-
+son, "A song for the pilgrimages."
+
+'' So does Rashi, after one opinion, translate and con-
+nect these two verses; and they mean, that deceit will at
+length meet with the heaviest retribution, as the arrow
+shot unfailingly liy the arm of a hero, and the unquenrli-
+able coals of the llulliem (bru(ini-bush).
+784
+
+
+4 Behold, he slumbereth not, and he sleep-
+eth not — the keeper of Israel.
+
+5 The Lord is thy keeper : the Lord is thy
+shade, he is on thy right hand.
+
+6 By day the sun shall not strike thee,
+nor the moon by night.
+
+7 The Lord will guard thee against all
+evil: he will guard thy soul.
+
+8 The Lord will guard thy going out and
+thy coming in from this time forth and for
+evermore.
+
+PSALM CXXIL
+
+1 T[ A song of the degrees by David. I
+was rejoiced when they said unto me. Unto
+the house of the Lord let us go.
+
+2 Our feet are now standing within thy
+gates, 0 Jerusalem !
+
+3 Jerusalem, which art built as a city
+wherein all associate together.'
+
+4 For thither go up the tribes of the Lord,
+as a testimoiiy^ for Israel, to give thanks
+unto the name of the Lord.
+
+5 For there are placed chairs for (giving)
+judgment, the chairs for the house of Da-
+vid.—
+
+6 Pray ye for the peace of Jerusalem : may
+those that love thee prosper.
+
+7 May there be peace within thy walls,
+prosperity'' within thy palaces.
+
+8 For the sake of my brethren and my
+friends, let me now speak, Peace be within
+thee.
+
+9 For the sake of the house of the Lord
+our God, will I seek thy good.
+
+PSALM CXXIII.
+
+1 11 A song of the degrees. Unto thee do
+I lift up my eyes, 0 thou that dwellest in
+the heavens.
+
+2 Behold, as the eyes of servants are
+directed luito tlie luind of their masters, as
+the eyes of a maiden unto the hand of her
+
+
+" Rashi, "This is the complaint of the congregation of
+Israel, who have dwelt in many banishments." Mcshecli,
+in Armenia, is the north; Kedar, in Arabia, the south.
+
+' Redak, meaning, where all the tribes of Israel meet.
+Sachs, "like an entirely compact city." Philippson,
+" which is all closed in together," i. e. with walls, and yet
+full of beautiful structures.
+
+* To acknowledge that they are God's people
+their God. Philippson, "as an institution," a '
+Israel."
+
+^ Philippson, "(jiiiet." Sachs, "security."
+
+
+iiiid he
+law for
+
+
+PSALMS CXXIIL— CXXVII.
+
+
+mistress: thus are our eyes directed unto
+the Lord our God, until he be gracious
+unto us.
+
+3 Be gracious unto us, 0 Lord ! be gracious
+unto us; lor we are overburdened with con-
+tempt."
+
+4 Our soul is overburdened with the scorn
+of those who are at ease, with the contempt
+of the proud oppressors.
+
+PSALM CXXIV.
+
+1 ^ A song of the degrees by David. If it
+had not been the Lord who was for us, so
+should Israel say;
+
+2 If it had not been the Lord who was for
+us, when men rose up against us :
+
+3 Then would they have swallowed us up
+alive, when their wrath was kindled against
+us;
+
+4 Then would the waters have overwhelm-
+ed us, the stream would have passed over our
+soul ;
+
+5 Tlien would have passed over our soul
+the presumptuous waters.
+
+6 Blessed be the Lord, who hath not given
+us up as a prey to their teeth.
+
+7 Our soul is esca2Ded like a bird out of
+the snare of the fowlers: the snare is broken,
+and we are escaped.
+
+8 Our help is in the name of the Lord, the
+maker of heaven and earth.
+
+PSALM CXXV.
+
+1 T[ A song of the degrees. Those who
+trust in the Lord are like mount Zion, which
+will not be moved, which endureth for ever.
+
+2 Jerusalem hath mountains round about
+her: and (so) is the Lord round about his
+people, from this time forth and for ever-
+more.
+
+3 For the sceptre of wickedness shall not
+rest upon the lot of the righteous: in order^
+that the righteous may not stretch forth their
+hands unto wrong-doing.
+
+" Lit. "for much are we satisfied of contempt."
+* Rashi, "because the righteous do not," &c.
+"Jonathan. Others, "them, the workers of wicked-
+ness, will the Lord drive away."
+
+' Rashi conceives, and after him Philippson, this Psalm
+to be a petition for the return of the captives; and so it
+is here translated.
+
+" Jonathan. Philippson, r\Tti> as "those who return."
+
+' Rashi. Lit. "in the south;" some explain this to
+
+mean that the exiles are to return just as the southern tor-
+
+4 Y
+
+
+4 Do good, 0 Lord, unto the good, and to
+those that are upright in their hearts.
+
+5 But as for those who turn aside unto their
+crooked ways, them will the Lord drive
+away with" the workers of wickedness; but
+peace shall be upon Israel.
+
+PSALM CXXVI.
+
+1 ][ A song of the degrees. When the Lord
+bringeth'' back again the captivity" of Zion,
+then shall we be like dreamers.
+
+2 Then shall our mouth be filled with
+laughter, and our tongue with singing: then
+shall they say among the nations. Great
+things hath the Lord done for these.
+
+3 Great things would the Lord have done
+for us, (whereat) we sliould be joyful.
+
+4 Bring back again, 0 Lord, our captivity,
+like rivulets in arid land.*^
+
+5 Those that sow in tears shall reap with
+joyful song.
+
+6 He goeth forth indeed and weepeth, that
+beareth the seed for sowing; but he will
+surely come with joyful song when he bear-
+eth (home) his sheaves.
+
+PSALM CXXVII.
+
+1 T[ A song of the degrees for Solomon.
+Unless the Lord do build the house, in vain '
+labour they that build it on it : unless the
+Lord guard the city, in vain is the watch-
+man wakeful.
+
+2 It is in vain for you to be early in rising,
+to be late in sitting up, eating the bread of
+painful toils; (for) so doth he give unto his
+beloved during sleep.*"'
+
+3 Lo, children are an inheritance from the
+Lord : a reward is the fruit of the body.
+
+4 Like arrows in the hand of a mighty
+man, so are the children of vouth.*"
+
+5 Happy is the man that hath his quiver
+filled with them: they shall not be put to
+shame, when they do speak with the enemies
+in the gate.'
+
+
+rents are filled with the winter's rain. Philippson more ge-
+nerally, that the dry land might obtain water, the want of
+which makes it barren; similar to which will the return of
+the exiles be in their effect on the world.
+
+' i. c. While the worldly toil early and late, God gives
+his blessing to the righteous while they yet sleep; hence
+the folly of too much toil with nothing but self-reliance
+
+' i. e. Children born while the parents are yet in vi-
+gorous age.
+
+' i. e. When they defend their parents before the judges.
+
+785
+
+
+PSALMS CXXVIII— CXXXII.
+
+
+PSALM CXXVIIL
+
+1 T[ A song of the degrees. Happy is
+every one that feareth the Lord, that walk-
+eth in his ways.
+
+2 When thou eatest the Lihour of thy
+hands: (then) wilt thou be happy, and it
+shall be well with thee.
+
+3 Thy wife is (then) as a fruitful vine in
+the recesses of thy house : thy children, like
+olive-plants round about thy table.
+
+4 Behold, truly thus shall be blessed the
+man that feareth the Lord.
+
+5 May the Lord bless thee out of Zion:
+and see thou the haj^piness of Jerusalem all
+the days of thy life.
+
+6 And see thou thy children's children:
+may" there be peace upon Israel.
+
+PSALM CXXIX.
+
+1 ^ A song of the degrees. Many a time
+have they assailed me from my youth, so
+should Israel say;
+
+2 Many a time have they assailed me from
+my youth : yet have they not prevailed
+against me.
+
+3 Upon my back have ploughmen plough-
+ed; they have drawn long their furrows:
+
+4 (Yet) the Lord is righteous; he hath
+cut asunder the cords of the wicked.
+
+5 May all be put to shame and turned
+backward tliat hate Zion;
+
+6 May they become like the grass of the
+roofs, which withereth before it is pulled*
+up;
+
+7 Wherewith the mower filleth not his
+hand; nor his arm" he that bindeth sheaves.
+
+8 Nor do they who pass by say, The bless-
+ing of the Lord be with you : we bless you in
+the name of the Lord.
+
+PSALM CXXX.
+
+1 ^ A song of the degrees. Out of the
+depths have I called thee, 0 Lord.
+
+° Jonathan. Retlak, " (and see) peace over Israel."
+
+'' Raslii. Others, "before it groweth."
+
+° Rashi, "the upper arm," wherein sheaves are carried.
+
+■^ Sforno. Others simply, "than watchers for the
+morning, watchers for the morning;" the repetition is
+then to denote the ardency of the waiting for the morn-
+ing after watching sleeplessly the whole night.
+
+" Rashi, and after him Mendelssohn and Philippson.
+Redak and others take Siaj in the sense of "weaned,"
+wid say, "As the child just weaned is fearful of walking
+780
+
+
+2 Lord, listen to my voice : let thy ears be
+attentive to the voice of my supplications.
+
+3 If thou. Lord, shouldst treasure up
+iniquities, 0 Lord, who would be able to
+stand ?
+
+4 But with thee there is forgiveness, in
+order that thou mayest be feared.
+
+5 I hope for the Lord, my soul doth hope,
+and for his word do I wait.
+
+6 My soul (waitetli) for the Lord, more
+than they that watch for the morning ex-
+pect* the morning.
+
+7 Let Israel wait for the Lord; for with
+the Lord there is kindness, and with him is
+redemption in abundance ;
+
+8 And he will surely redeem Israel from
+all his inicpiities.
+
+PSALM CXXXI.
+
+1 ^ A song of the degrees by David. 0
+Lord, my heart was not haughty, nor were my
+eyes lofty : neither have I walked after mat-
+ters too great, or those too wonderful for me.
+
+2 Surely I have j^acified and stilled my
+soul, like the suckling" on its mother's breast :
+like a suckling is in me my soul.
+
+3 Let Israel wait for the Lord from this
+time forth and for ever more.
+
+PSALM CXXXIL
+
+1 ^ A song of the degrees. Remember,
+0 Lord, unto David all his afflictions;
+
+2 How he swore unto the Lord; how he
+vowed unto the mighty One of Jacob :
+
+3 Surely, I will not enter into the tent of
+my house, nor ascend the couch of my re-
+pose ;
+
+4 I will not grant any sleep to my eyes,
+nor to my eyelids any slumber:
+
+5 Until I shall have found out a place for
+the Lord, a dwelling-place for the mighty One
+of Jacob.
+
+6 "Lo, we heard of it at Ephratah: we
+met with it in the fields of the forest :'^ .
+
+without its mother's support, so does the Psalmist lean
+on God for help."
+
+' Verses 6 and 7 are regarded as the saying of the peo-
+ple in reply to the first verses, containing the words of
+David which are continued in 8-10. "The fields of the
+forest" are the highlands of Lebanon. The ver.se then
+means, the people declare they heard of the selection of
+Zion at Bcthlcchem-Ephratah in tlio south and on Leba-
+non on the north ; hence, they wish to go tliither to see
+the s;iuilii;irv.
+
+
+PSALMS CXXXIL— (JXXXV.
+
+
+7 Let us then go into his dwelling; let us
+prostrate ourselves before his footstool."
+
+8 Arise, 0 Lord, unto thy resting-place:
+thou, and the ark of thy strength.
+
+9 Let thy priests be clothed with righteous-
+ness; and let thy pious servants shout for joy.
+
+10 For the sake of David thy servant turn !
+not away the face" of thy anointed.
+
+11 The LoKD hath sworn mi to David in
+truth; he will not turn from it: "From the
+fruit of thy body will I set (some one) on the
+tlirone to succeed thee.
+
+12 If thy children will observe my cove-
+nant and this my testimony which I teach
+them: then also shall their children sit for
+evermore upon the throne to succeed thee."
+
+13 For the Lord hath made choice of Zion :
+he hath desired it as a habitation for himself.
+
+14 This is my x-esting-place for evermore:
+here will I dwell; for I have desired it.
+
+15 Her provision will I bless abundantly:
+her needy ones will I satisfy with liread.
+
+16 And her priests will I clothe with sal-
+vation : and her pious ones shall shout aloud
+for joy.
+
+17 There Avill I cause to grow a horn unto
+David: I arrange a lamp for my anointed.
+
+18 His enemies will I clothe witli shame;
+but upon himself shall his crown shine bril-
+liantly.''
+
+PSALM CXXXIII.
+
+1 T[ A song of the degrees by David. Be-
+hold, how good and how ^^leasant it is when
+brethren'' dwell closely together (in union) !
+
+2 (It is) like the precious oiP upon the
+head, running down upon the beard, yea,
+Aaron's beard, which runneth down upon
+the upper border of his garments;
+
+3 Like the dew of Cherraon/ running down
+upon the mountains (jf Zion ; for there hath
+the Lord commanded the blessing, even life
+for evermore.
+
+
+" ('. e. Refuse not the prayer of Solomon who built the
+temple. '' Rashi. Others, " shall blossom."
+
+• ° i. e. The Lsraelites, who are brothers in faith. Jona-
+than, "Zion and Jerusalem." Aben Ezra, "the priests,"
+the chief of whom is next mentioned.
+
+^ Aaron, symbolical for all the high-priests, was anoint-
+ed by having oil poured upon his head : this ran down
+naturally upon his beard, which the Asiatics perfume,
+and thence to the upper hem of his garments; thus mak-
+ing all penetrated with the sweet odour. The compari-
+son cxj)hiiiis itself,
+
+
+PSALM CXXXIV.
+
+1 ^ A song of the degrees. Arise !'' bless
+ye the Lord, ;dl ye servants of the Lord that
+stand in the house of the Lord in the niglits.
+
+2 Lift up your hands toward the sanc-
+tuary, and bless the Lord.
+
+3 May the Lord bless thee out of Zion, lie
+that is the maker of heaven and earth.
+
+PSALM CXXXV.
+
+1 T[ Hallelujah. Praise ye the name of the
+Lord; praise him, 0 ye servants of the Lord;
+
+2 Ye that stand in the house of the Lord,
+in the courts of the house of our God.
+
+3 Hallelujah; for the Lord is good: sing
+praises unto his name; for it is lovely.
+
+4 For Jacob hath the Lord chosen unto
+himself, Israel, as his peculiar treasure.
+
+5 For I well know that the Lord is gretit,
+and that our Lord is above all gods.
+
+6 Whatsoever the Lord willeth, hath he
+done in the heavens, and on the earth, in
+the seas, and in all the deeps.
+
+7 He causeth clouds to ascend from the
+ends of the earth; he maketh lightnings with
+the rain; he bringeth forth the wind out of
+his treasuries.
+
+8 (He it is) who smote the first-born of
+Egypt, botli of man and of cattle ;
+
+9 Who sent signs and wonderful tokens
+into the midst of thee, 0 Fgypt, against Pha-
+raoh, and against all his servants;
+
+10 Who smote many nations, and slew
+mighty kings;
+
+11 Sichon the king of the Emorites, and
+'Og the king of Bashan, and all the kingdonis
+of Canaan;
+
+12 And gave their land as an inheritance,
+an inheritance unto Israel his people.
+
+13 0 Lord,- thy name (enduretli) for ever:
+0 Lord, thy memorial is throughout all gene-
+rations.
+
+' Some wish to read [N'E' Sioj>, a branch of ChcrnKin,
+instead of IVS Zion. Redak, "And as the dew that de-
+scendeth," &c. Others, " the clouds that are gathered at
+Chermon let out their 3ew on the mountains of Zion,"
+which appears to be the best exposition. The abundance
+of dew in summer compensates for the want of rain in
+Palestine.
+
+' run generally rendered with "behold," or "lo," is a
+sign of exclamation ; here, a call to praise; hence, "arise."
+
+' Philippson, "The Eternal is thy name for ever; the
+Eternal is tliv memorial," &c.
+
+
+PSALMS CXXXV.— CXXXVII.
+
+
+14 For the Loed will espouse the cause of
+his people, and concerning his servants will
+he bethink himself.
+
+10 The idols of the nations ai-e silver and
+gold, the work of the hands of men.
+
+10 Mouths they have, but they speak not;
+eyes they have, but they see not ;
+
+17 Ears they have, but they hear not;
+neither is there any breath in their mouth.
+
+18 Like them are those that make them,
+every one that trusteth in them.
+
+19 0 house of Israel, bless ye the Lord;
+0 house of Aaron, bless ye the Lord;
+
+20 0 house of Levi, bless ye the Lord;
+ye that fear the Lord, bless the Lord.
+
+21 Blessed be the Lord out of Zion, even
+he that resideth at Jerusalem. Hallelujah.
+
+
+PSALM CXXXVI.
+
+1^0 give thanks unto the Lord: for he
+is good; for to eternity endureth his kind-
+ness.
+
+2 0 give thanks unto the God of gods; for
+to eternity endureth his kindness.
+
+3 0 give thanks to the Lord of lords; for
+to eternity endureth his kindness.
+
+4 To him who doth great wonders alone;
+for to eternity endureth his kindness.
+
+5 To him that made the heavens with un-
+derstanding; for to eternity endureth his
+]<indness.
+
+6 To him that stretched out the earth
+above the waters; for to eternity endureth
+his kindness.
+
+7 To him that made great lights; for to
+eternity endureth his kindness;
+
+8 The sun for the rule by day ; for to eter-
+nity endureth his kindness;
+
+f) The moon and stars for the rule by night;
+for to eternity endureth his kindness.
+
+10 To him that smote Egypt in their
+first-born; for to eternity endureth his kind-
+ness ;
+
+1 1 And brought out Israel from the midst
+of them; for to eternity endureth his kind-
+ness ;
+
+12 With a strong hand, and with an out^
+stretched arm; for to eternity endureth his
+kindness.
+
+
+' |{;ishi, moaning those heartless conquerors who asked
+the captives for one of their joyous national hymns. Jona-
+than, " that robbed us." Sachs and others, "oppressors."
+788
+
+
+13 To him who divided the Red Sea into
+2)arts; for to eternity endureth his kindness;
+
+14 And caused Israel to pass through the
+midst of it; for to eternity endureth his kind-
+ness ;
+
+15 But overthrew Pharaoh and his host in
+the Red Sea; for to eternity endureth his
+kindness.
+
+16 To him who led his people through the
+wilderness; for to eternity endureth his kind-
+ness.
+
+17 To him who smote great kings; for to
+eternity endureth his kindness;
+
+18 And slew mighty kings; for to eternity
+endureth his kindness;
+
+19 Even Sichon the king of the Emorites;
+for to eternity endureth his kindness;
+
+20 And 'Og the king of Bashan; for to
+eternity endureth his kindness;
+
+21 And gave their land as an inheritance;
+for to eternity endureth his kindness;
+
+22 As an inheritance unto Israel his ser
+vant; for to eternity endureth his kindness;
+
+23 Who hath in our low estate remem-
+bered us; for to eternity endureth his kind-
+ness ;
+
+24 And hath freed us from our assailants;
+for to eternity endureth his kindness ;
+
+25 Who givetli food unto all flesh; for to
+eternity endureth his kindness.
+
+26 0 give thanks unto the God of the
+heavens; for to eternity endureth his kind-
+ness.
+
+PSALM CXXXVII.
+
+1 ^ By the rivers of Bal)ylon, there we
+sat, and we also wept when we remembered
+Zion.
+
+2 Upon the willows in her midst had we
+hung up our harps.
+
+3 For there our captors demanded of us
+the words of song; and those tliat mocked*
+us, joy, (saying,) Sing for us one of the songs
+of Zion.
+
+4 How should we sing the song of the
+Lord on the soil of the stranger?
+
+5 If I forget thee, 0 Jerusalem, may my
+right hand forget — .*"
+
+6 May my tongue cleave to my palate if I
+
+
+' i. e. After lledak, how to play on the harp. One
+opinion quoted by Aben Ezra, " may ray right hand
+wither," or "forget" to render its service.
+
+
+PSALMS CXXXVII— CXXXIX.
+
+
+do not remember thee : if I recall" not Jeru-
+salem at the head of my joy.
+
+7 Eemember, 0 Lord, unto the children of
+Edom the day of Jerusalem; who said, Rase
+it, rase it, even to her veiy foundation.
+
+8 0 daughter of Babylon, who art wasted j*"
+happy he, that repayeth thee thy recompense
+for what thou hast done to us.
+
+9 Happy he, that seizeth and dasheth thy
+babes against the rock.
+
+PSALM CXXXVIIL
+
+1 ^ By David. I will praise thee with
+my whole heart: before (thee),0 God," will I
+sing praise unto thee.
+
+2 I wnll bow myself down before thy
+holy temple, and I will thank thy name for
+thy kindness and for thy truth; for thou
+hast magnified above all thy name thy pro-
+mise.'*
+
+?j On the day when I called didst thou an-
+swer me, and raise" me up with strength in
+my soul.
+
+4 All the kings of the earth will give
+thanks unto thee, 0 Lord, when they hear
+the promises of thy mouth.
+
+5 And they will sing on tlie ways of the
+Lord; for great is the glory of the Lord.
+
+6 For exalted is the Lord, yet doth he re-
+gard the lowly; but the proud he punisheth*^
+from afar.
+
+7 If I should walk in the midst of distress,
+thou wilt revive me: against the wrath of
+my enemies wilt thou stretch forth thy hand,
+and thy right hand will save me.
+
+8 The Lord will accomplish (all) in my
+behalf; 0 Lord, thy kindness endureth for
+ever: the works of thy own hands do not
+abandon.
+
+PSALM CXXXIX.
+1 ^ To the chief musician, by David, a
+
+
+* Rashi. Philippson, "if I let not Jerusalem trans-
+cend the summit of my jny."
+
+'' Jonathan understands the word mniy as an active
+participle, " plunderer." Redak, " that is to be de-
+stroyed," or "doomed."
+
+° Mendelssohn. Rashi, "before the chiefs will I sing
+praises unto thee."
+
+^ The fulfilment of the promises then witnessed exceed-
+ed, in the eyes of the Psalmist, all what had been told of
+God before: "name," equal to "fame." Aben Ezra,
+" thou hast magnified over all (things) thy name (and)
+thy promise."
+
+
+psalm. 0 LdRn! thou hast .searched me
+through, and thou knowest (me).
+
+2 Thou indeed knowest my sitting down
+and my rising up, thou understandest my
+thinking while yet^ afar off.
+
+3 My walking and my lying down hast
+thou limited, and with all my ways art thou
+acquainted.
+
+4 For, while there is not a word on my
+tongue, lo, thou, () Lord, knowest it entirely.
+
+5 Behind aiid before hast thou hedged me
+in, and thou placest upon me thy hand.
+
+6 Too wonderful is such knowledge for
+me: it is too exalted, I cannot attain unto it.
+
+7 Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or
+whither shall I flee away from thy presence?
+
+8 If I should ascend into lieaveu, thou art
+there; and if I should make my lied in the
+nether world, behold, thou art there.
+
+9 If I sliould lift up the wings of the
+morning-daAvn, if I should dwell in the utter-
+most parts of the sea :
+
+10 Even there would thy hand lead me,
+and thy right hand would seize hold of me.
+
+11 If I said. Surely darkness shall en-
+shroud me, and into night (be turned) the
+light about me :
+
+12 Yet even darkness can obscure nothing
+from thee; but the night will shine like the
+day; both the darkness and the light are
+alike (to thee).
+
+1-3 For thou possessest my reins: thou
+hast covered me in my mother's womb.
+
+14 I will thank thee therefor, that I am
+(so) fearfully (and) wonderfully made: won-
+derful are thy works ; and that my soul
+knoweth right well.
+
+15 My being was not concealed from thee,
+when I was made in secret, when I was (so
+to say) embroidered in the lowest parts of the
+earth.
+
+16 My undeveloped substance did thy eyes
+
+
+' Rashi; or, "madest me great." Aben Ezra,
+"strengthenedst." Sachs, "gavest me courage, power
+of victory to my soul."
+
+' Jonathan, with the addition, "from (the heavens)
+afar oif." Redak, "and being high, he maketh (his
+greatness) known from afar." Others, "the proud he
+knoweth afar oflF."
+
+^ Redak: t. e. before the thought was yet framed.
+Rashi and Jonathan, "thou understandest from afar how
+to draw me into companionship with thee." "I'T from
+i'l "friend," "companion." Others, as [r;?T "think-
+ing."
+
+789
+
+
+PSALMS CXXXIX — CXLI.
+
+
+see; and in thy book were all of them writ-
+ten down — the days' which have been form-
+ed, while yet not one of them was here.
+
+17 And how precious are unto me thy
+thoughts, 0 God.! how mightily great is
+tlieir sum!
+
+18 Should I count them, they would be
+more numerous than the sand : I awake,*" and
+I am still with thee.
+
+19 If thou wouldst but slay the wicked,
+0 God ! and ye men of blood, dfejjart from me.
+
+20 Who speak of thee for a wicked end,
+thy enemies, that bear (thy name) for a vain
+purpose.
+
+21 Behold, those that hate thee I ever
+hate, 0 Lord; and for those that rise up
+against thee do I feel loathing.
+
+22 With the utmost hatred do I hate
+them : enemies are they become unto me.
+
+23 Search me through, 0 God, and know
+my heart; probe me, and know my thoughts :
+
+24 And see if there be a way of perverse-
+ness" in me, and lead me on the way of eter-
+nity.
+
+PSALM CXL.
+
+1 ^ To the chief musician, a psalm of
+David.
+
+2 Deliver me, 0 Lord, from an evil man;
+from a man of violence do thou keep me ;
+
+3 Who think over evil (resolves) in their
+heart, (who) every day are gathered together
+for war.
+
+4 They have sharpened their tongues like
+a serpent: the poison of the adder is under
+their lips. Selah.
+
+5 Preserve me, 0 Lord, from the hands of
+the wicked; from the man of violence do
+thou keep me, who think of overthrowing
+my steps.
+
+6 The proud Iiave hidden a snare for me,
+and cords; they have s^jread a net Isy the
+side of (my) track; traps have they set for
+me. Selah.
+
+
+* Raslii, who explains, "All the acts of man and the
+end of all days are known though not one of them hath
+yet existed." But Redak supplies "limb:" "all my
+limbs wore written down, coming as they should in later
+times, while not one of them yet existed."
+
+'' Abcn Ezra; but Rashi, "I come to the end yp of
+generations, and this one is still with thee."
+
+° Rashi and Redak. Others, " the way of pain," trou-
+ble.
+
+■* Lit. "arms," i. e. when arms arc wielded — the battle.
+700
+
+
+7 I have said unto the Lord, Thou art my
+God : give ear, 0 Lord, to the voice of my
+supplications.
+
+8 0 thou Eternal Lord, the strength of my
+salvation, thou hast covered my head on the
+day of battle."*
+
+9 Grant not, 0 Lord, the longings of the
+wicked ; suffer not his Avicked device to suc-
+ceed: lest they exalt themselves. Selah.
+
+10 (As for) the heads'' of those that encom-
+pass me about, let the mischief of their own
+lips cover them.
+
+11 Let bupiing coals be cast upon them:
+let them be thrown into the fire; into deep
+pits,*^ that they rise not up again.
+
+12 Let not the man of an (evil) tongue be
+established on the earth: may evil hunt
+down the violent man to his downfall.
+
+13 I know that the Lord will procure
+right for the afflicted, (and) justice for the
+needy.
+
+14 Surely the righteous shall give thanks
+unto thy name : the upright shall dwell be-
+fore thy presence.
+
+PSALM CXLI.
+
+1 ]J A psalm of David. 0 Lord, I call
+thee, hasten unto me : give ear unto my
+voice, when I call unto thee.
+
+2 May my prayer be valued as incense be-
+fore thee, the lifting up^ of my hands, as the
+evening offering.
+
+3 Set, 0 Lord, a watch unto my mouth :
+keep a guard at the door of my lips.
+
+4 Permit not my heart to incline after any
+evil thing, to practise deeds in wickedness
+with men that are doers of wrong: and let
+me not eat of their dainties.
+
+5 If the righteous strike me, it is a kind-
+ness; and if he reprove me, it is (as) oil
+poured on the head,*" my head shall not re-
+fuse it; for yet my prayer also (is offered) in
+their sufferings.'
+
+6 Are their judges fallen down through
+
+' Rashi, "The troop of those who endeavour to turn me
+away from thee." B'SI as "the sum," or "the collective
+body."
+
+' Sachs, after an Arabic root, "floods." Rashi, "bat-
+tles."
+
+* Philippson, "the gift of my hands."
+
+'' /. i: With which the head is anointed. (See Ps.
+cxxxiii. 2.)
+
+' This verse is rendered after Philippson, who nearly
+fillnws Jonathan, who, however, joins, "and let him re-
+
+
+PSALMS CXLI.— CXLIV.
+
+
+means of a rock :" then will they listen to my
+words ; for they are pleasant.
+
+7 As when one cutteth in and splitteth
+ojien the earth :'' so are our bones scattered
+for the mouth of the grave.
+
+8 For unto thee, 0 Eternal Lord, are my
+eyes directed; in thee do I trust: pour not
+out my life.
+
+9 Guard me from the power of the snare
+which they luive laid for me, and the traps
+of the wrong-doers.
+
+10 Let the wicked fall into their own nets,
+altogether — while I pass safely by.
+
+PSALM CXLIL
+
+1 ^ A Maskil of David, when he was in
+the cave. A j^'ayer.
+
+2 With my voice I cry unto the Lord : with
+my voice I make supplication unto the Lokd.
+
+3 I pour out before him my grief: my dis-
+tress I recite before him.
+
+4 When my spirit was overwhelmed with-
+in me — and thou knowest well my path —
+on the way whereon I desired to walk they
+had secretly laid a snare for me.
+
+5 Look" to the right, and behold, yea,
+there is no man that recogniseth me :
+(every) refuge is lost to me ; there is no one
+that careth* for my soul.
+
+G I cried unto thee, 0 Lord: I said. Thou
+art my refuge, my portion in the land of life.
+
+7 Listen unto my entreaty; for I am very
+miserable: deliver me from my pursuers; for
+they are too mighty for me.
+
+8 Bring forth out of prison my soul, that
+I may thank th}^ name : with me sliall the
+righteous crown themselves," when thou wilt
+deal bountifully with me.
+
+PSALM CXLin.
+
+1 ^ A psalm of David. 0 Lord, hear
+my prayer, give ear to my supplications: in
+thy faithfulness answer me, in thy righteous-
+ness.
+
+2 And enter not into judgment with thy
+
+
+prove me," to the first part of the verse, and continues,
+"the oil of the holy greatness shall not quit my head."
+Rashi renders the conclusion of the verse, " for I yet
+pray against their evil deeds — that I may not stumble
+through them."
+
+" Philippson, after Rashi; the latter says "rock"
+means, the evil inclination, which is as hard as stone.
+
+^ Jonathan. Rashi, " As one cutteth (wood) and split-
+toth open the earth, so are our bones .scattered to reach !
+
+
+servant; for no living man can be regarded
+righteous before thee.
+
+3 For the enemy hath pursued my soul ;
+he hath crushed to the ground my life; he
+hath made mo dwell in darkness, as those
+that are dead eternally.''
+
+4 And my spirit within me is overwhelm-
+ed: in my bosom is my heart astounded.
+
+5 I remember the days of olden times; I
+meditate on all thy doings: on the work of
+thy hands do I retlect.
+
+6 I spread forth my hands unto thee: my
+soul (longeth) for thee, as a thirsty land.
+Selah.
+
+7 Hasten, answer me, 0 Lord, m}- spirit
+faileth : hide not thy face from me, tliat I
+may not become like those that go down into
+the pit.
+
+8 Cause me to hear in the morning tliy
+Idndness; for in thee do I trust: cause me to
+know the way whereon I should walk; for
+unto thee do I lift up my soul.
+
+9 Deliver me, 0 Lord, from my enemies:
+by thee do I seek shelter.
+
+10 Teach me to do thy will; for thou art
+my God: thy spirit is good;= guide me on a
+level land.
+
+11 For thy sake, 0 Lord, revive me: in
+thy righteousness bring forth out of distress
+my soul.
+
+12 And in thy kindness destroy my ene-
+mies, and annihilate all the adversaries of
+my soul; for I am thy servant.
+
+PSALM CXLIV.
+
+1 T[ By David. Blessed be the Lord my
+Rock, who exerciseth my hands for tlie bat-
+tle, my fingers for the war :
+
+2 My kindness, and my strong-hold; my
+high tower, and my deliverer ; my shield, and
+he in whom I trust; who subdueth my peo-
+ple under me.
+
+3 Lord, what is man, that thou takest cog-
+nizance of him ! the son of a mortal, that
+thou regardest him !
+
+
+the door of death through the wickedness of the sinner."
+In this sense is also this verse rendered here.
+
+" Redak, "I look— I behold."
+
+'' Lit. "inquireth for."
+
+" Redak. Rashi and Jonathan, "for my sake will the
+righteous oifer a crown to thee."
+
+' Sforno, who comments, "as those who have no share in
+eternal life." Aben Ezra and Redak, "dead a long time."
+
+* Sachs and others, " thy gocjd spirit guide me," &c.
+
+7'.il
+
+
+PSALMS CXLIV.— CXLVI.
+
+
+4 Man is like the breath : his da} s are
+like a passing shadow.
+
+5 0 Lord, bend thy heavens, and come
+down : touch the mountains, that they may
+smoke.
+
+(i Cast forth lightning, and scatter them :
+send out tliy arrows, and conibund them.
+
+7 Stretch out thy hands from above: rid
+me, and deliver me out of great waters, from
+the hand of the children of the stranger.
+
+8 Whose mouth speaketh vanity, and whose
+right hand is the right hand of falsehood.
+
+9 0 God, a new song will I sing unto
+thee : upon the ten-stringed psaltery will I
+sing praises unto thee.
+
+10 (Thou art he) that giveth victory unto
+kings: who riddeth David his servant from
+the evil-bringing sword.
+
+11 Kid me, and deliver me from the hand
+of the children of the stranger, whose mouth
+speaketh vanity, and whose right hand is the
+right hand of falsehood.
+
+12 So" that our sons may be like plants,
+grown up in their youth: our daughters, like
+corner-pillars, sculptured in the modeP of a
+palace.
+
+13 May our garners be full, furnishing all
+manner of store:" our sheep bringing forth
+thousands and ten thousands in our open
+pastui'es.
+
+14 May our oxen be strong to labour:
+may there be no breach, nor migration, nor
+loud complaint in our streets.
+
+15 Happy the people, that fare thus: hap-
+py the people, whose God is the Lord.
+
+PSALM CXLV.
+
+1 ^ A hymn of praise by David. I will
+extol thee, my God, 0 king; and I will bless
+thy name for ever and ever.
+
+2 Every day will I bless thee, and I will
+praise thy name for ever and ever.
+
+3 Great is the Lord, and greatly praised,
+and his greatness is unsearchable.
+
+4 One generation shall praise thy works to
+the other, and thy mighty acts shall they de-
+clare.
+
+5 On the majestic glory of thy excellence,
+and on thy wondrous deeds will I meditate.*
+
+
+" Others, " Truly our sons are," &c.
+'' Meudelssohn, "nur daughters, like pillars, sculptured
+!in iirnamont for a temple."
+702
+
+
+G And of the might of thy terrible acts
+shall men converse: and thy greatness will I
+relate.
+
+7 The memorial of thy abundant goodness
+shall they loudly proclaim, and they shall
+sing joyfully of thy righteousness.
+
+8 Gracious and merciful is the Lord, long-
+suffering, and great in kindness.
+
+9 The Lord is good to all, and his mercies
+are over all his works.
+
+10 All thy works shall thank thee, 0
+Lord; and thy pious servants shall bless
+thee.
+
+1 1 Of the glory of thy kingdom shall they
+converse, and of thy might shall they speak:
+
+12 To make known to the sons of men his
+mighty acts, and the glorious majesty of his
+kingdom.
+
+13 Thy kingdom is a kingdom of all eter-
+nities, and thy dominion (subsisteth) through-
+out all generations.
+
+14 The Lord upholdeth all who are falling,
+and raiseth up all those who are bowed down.
+
+15 The eyes of all wait hopefully upon
+thee, and thou givest them their food in its
+due season.
+
+16 Thou openest thy hand, and satisfiest
+the desire of every living thing.
+
+17 Righteous is the Lord in all his ways,
+and beneficent in all his works.
+
+18 The Lord is nigh unto all those who
+call on him, to all who call on him in truth.
+
+19 The desire of those who fear him will
+he fulfil, and their cry will he hear, and save
+them.
+
+20 The Lord preserveth all those who
+love him ; but all the wicked will he destroy.
+
+21 The praise of the Lord shall my mouth
+speak: and let all flesh bless his holy name
+for ever and ever.
+
+PSALM CXLVL
+
+1 ^ Hallelujah. Praise, 0 my soul, the
+Lord.
+
+2 I will praise the Lord throughout my
+life : I will sing praises unto my God while I
+have any being.
+
+3 Put not your trust in princes, in the son
+of man, in whom there is no salvation.
+
+
+° Heb. "from kind to kind."
+■^ Aben Ezra. Jonathan and Kodak,
+drous acts will I speak."
+
+
+'of thy
+
+
+PSALMS CXLVI.— CXLVIII.
+
+
+4 When his spu'it g(X'th fortli, he retiirn-
+eth to his (native) earth: on that very day
+perish his thoughts.'
+
+5 (But) liappy is he wlio hath the God of
+Jacob lor his lielp, whose ho|)e is on tlie Lord
+his God;
+
+G Who hatli made heaven, and earth, the
+sea, and all that is therein; who keepeth
+truth for ever;
+
+7 Who executeth justice for tlie oppressed;
+who giveth Ijread to the hungry: the Lord
+looseneth the prisoners;
+
+8 The Lord causeth the blind to see;'' the
+Lord raiseth up those who are bowed down;
+the Lord loveth the righteous;
+
+9 The Lord guardeth tlie strangers; the
+fatherless and widow he lielpetli up; but the
+way of the wicked he maketh crooked.
+
+10 The Lord will reign for ever, even thy
+God, 0 Zion, unto all generations. Hallelu-
+jah.
+
+PSALM CXLVn.
+
+1 ^ Hallelujah; for it is good to sing
+praises unto our God; for it is comel}-;"
+(him) becoraeth praise.
+
+2 The Lord buildeth up Jerusalem: the
+outcasts of Israel will he gather together;
+
+3 He that healeth the broken-hearted, and
+bindeth up their hurts;
+
+4 Who counteth'' the number of the stars ;
+who calleth them all by (their) names.
+
+5 Great is our Lord, and abundant in
+power: his understanding is immeasurable.
+
+6 The Lord helpeth up the meek: he
+bringeth down the wicked to the ground.
+
+7 Lift up a song unto the Lord with
+thanksgiving; sing praises unto our God with
+the harp;
+
+8 Who covereth the heaven with clouds,
+who prepareth rain for the earth, who caus-
+eth grass to grow upon the mountains;
+
+9 Who giveth to the beast its food, to the
+young ravens which cry."
+
+10 Not in the strength of the horse hath
+
+
+' Rashi. Mendelssohn, "wisest resolves."
+
+" Lit. "openeth the blind."
+
+° Philippson, "because he (God) is lovely, praise be-
+cometh him." Sforno, "because he delighteth in kind-
+ness, therefore," &c.
+
+
+■^ Mendelssohn, "fixeth,"
+
+
+'determineth.'
+
+
+" The ravens are said to throw their young out of the
+nest before they can fly; hence God's care for them.
+
+
+4Z
+
+
+he delight: nor in tlie (swiftness' of the) legs
+of man taketh he pleasure.
+
+11 The Lord taketh pleasure in those that
+fear him, tliat wait for his kindness.
+
+12 Glorify, 0 Jerusalem, the Lord: praise
+thy God, 0 Zion.
+
+13 For he hath strengthened the bars of
+thy gates; he hath blessed thy children in
+the midst of thee;
+
+14 He who bestoweth peace in thy borders,
+who satisfieth thee with the best of wheat;
+
+15 He who sendeth forth his decree unto
+the earth: how swiftly speedeth his word
+along !
+
+16 He who dispenseth snow like wool;
+who streweth about the hoarfrost like ashes;
+
+17 He who casteth down his ice" like
+pieces: before his cold who can stand?
+
+18 He sendeth out his word, and melteth
+them: he causeth his wind to blow, and wa-
+ters run along.""
+
+19 He declareth his word unto Jacob, his
+statutes and his ordinances unto Israel.
+
+20 He hath not done so unto any nation :
+and (his) ordinances' — these they know not.
+Hallelujah.
+
+PSALM CXLYIIL
+
+1 Tl Hallelujah. Praise ye the Lord from
+the heavens: praise him in the heights.
+
+2 Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye
+him, all his hosts.
+
+3 Praise ye him, sun and moon : praise
+him, all ye stars of light.
+
+4 Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and
+ye waters that are above the heavens.
+
+5 Let them praise the name of the Lord ;
+for he commanded and they were created.
+
+G And he established them for ever and
+to eternity: he gave a decree which none
+shall transgress."^
+
+7 Praise the Lord from the earth, ye sea-
+monsters, and all deeps;
+
+8 Fire, and hail; snow, and vapour; thou
+storm-wind that fulfillest his word;
+
+
+' Jonatlfan, "not in the legs of running men hath he
+pleasure."
+
+' Some, " hail," which comes down in pieces. Eng.
+ver., "morsels," i. c. of bread.
+
+'' Sachs, after Eedak, " they run off in water."
+
+' Philippson after Hengstenberg, " and laws of justice ;"
+because heathen laws are a sad mixture of right and wrong.
+
+■* Rashi. Redak, "which shall not pass away."
+
+793
+
+
+PROVERBS 1.
+
+
+9 Ye mountains, and all hills; fruitful
+trees, and all cedars;
+
+10 Ye beasts, and all cattle; creeping
+things, and winged birds;
+
+11 Ye kings of the earth, and all nations;
+ye princes, and all judges of the earth ;
+
+12 Young men and also virgins; old men,
+together with boys: —
+
+13 Let them praise the name of the Lord;
+for his name alone is exalted; his majesty is
+above earth and heaven.
+
+14 He also exalteth the horn of his people,
+a 2^ raise unto all his pious servants, (even)
+unto the children of Israel, a people near
+unto him. Hallelujah.
+
+PSALM CXLTX.
+
+1 ^ Hallelujah. Sing unto the Lord a
+new song, his praise in the congregation of
+the pious.
+
+2 Let Israel rejoice in his Maker: let the
+children of Zion exult in their King.
+
+3 Let them praise his name in the dance :
+with the timbrel and harp let them sing
+praises unto him.
+
+4 For the Lord taketh pleasure in his peo-
+ple: he will adorn the meek with salvation.
+
+5 Let the pious be joyful in glory: let
+them sing aloud upon their couches.
+
+
+6 The exalted praises of God are in their
+mouth, and a two-edged sword is in their
+hand ;
+
+7 To execute vengeance on the nations,
+and chastisements on the people;
+
+8 To bind their kings with chains, and
+their nobles with fetters of iron ;
+
+9 To execute upon them the judgment
+(which is) written : this is an honour" for all
+his pious servants. Hallelujah.
+
+PSALM CL.
+
+1 T[ Hallelujah. Praise ye God in his
+sanctuary: praise him in the expansion'' of
+his power.
+
+2 Praise him for his acts of might: jiraise
+him according to the abundance of his greats
+ness.
+
+3 Praise him with the blowing of the
+cornet: praise him with the psaltery and
+harp.
+
+4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance:
+praise him with stringed instruments and
+pipe.
+
+5 Praise him upon the clear-ringing cym-
+bals: praise him upon the high-sounding
+cymbals.
+
+6 Let every thing that hath breath" praise
+the Lord. Hallelujah.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF PROVERBS.
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+1 T[ Tjie proverbs of Solomon the son of
+David, the king of Israel :
+
+2 To know wisdom and instruction f
+to comprehend the sayings of understand-
+ing;
+
+
+' Sachs, " He (God) is an ornament to all," Ac.
+
+^ Eng. ver., "firmament;" more correctly, "the ex-
+pansion," i. e. of the atmosphere.
+
+° Not alone by means of instruments made by men,
+but the creatures endowed with a soul themselves shall
+continually praise the Lord, to whom praise is ilue fnmi
+794
+
+
+3 To accept the instruction of intelligence,
+righteousness, and justice, and equity;
+
+4 To give to the simple prudence, to the
+youth knowledge and discretion.
+
+5 The wise will hear, and will increase
+(his) information; and the man of under-
+standing will obtain wise counsels :°
+
+
+all, for his mercy and goodness, which are without end or
+measure.
+
+^ 1D1D is that species of knowledge proceeding from ex-
+perience; lit. "correction," as it is often translated.
+
+"From Slin "the pilot" of a ship; heuce, Jonathan,
+X>"iU~'I!TD "guidance," or such counsels as it is safe to
+
+
+PROVERBS I.. II.
+
+
+6 To uiulerstand a proverb, and a sage
+sentence ;" the words of the wise, and their
+riddles.
+
+7 The fear of the Lord is the beginning
+of knowledge : wisdoni and instru^ction fools
+(alone) despise.
+
+8 ^ Hear, my son, the instruction of thy
+father, and cast not ofi' the teaching of thy
+mother;
+
+9 For a wreath of grace are they unto thy
+liead, and chains for thy throat.
+
+10 My son, if sinnei's wish to entice thee,
+consent thou not.
+
+11 If they should say. Come with us, let
+us lie in wait for blood,'' let us Watch in con-
+cealment for the uselessly" innocent;
+
+12 We will swallow them up like the
+grave alive; and the men of integrity,'' as
+those that go down into the pit;
+
+13 We shall find all (kinds of) precious
+wealth, we will fill our houses with booty ;
+
+14 Thy lot must thou cast in our midst;
+one purse shall be for us all :
+
+15 My son, walk not thou on the way
+with them; withhold thy foot from their
+path ;
+
+16 For their feet run after evil, and they
+make haste to shed blood.
+
+17 For uselessly is the net spread' out be-
+fore the eyes of every winged bird :
+
+18 While they lie in wait for their (own)
+blood; they watch in concealment for their
+(own) lives.
+
+19 So are the paths of every one that is
+greedy after (unlawful) gain; it taketh away
+the life of those that own it
+
+20 Wisdom crieth loudly without; in the
+public places she uttereth her voice ;
+
+21 At the corner of noisy streets she call-
+eth, at the entrances of gates; in the city
+she sayeth her speeches:
+
+22 How long, ye simple ones, will ye love
+
+follow. So also Philippson, fiihrung. There is no single
+word in PJnglish to convey this idea; hence we have re-
+tained the "wise counsels" of the English version.
+
+' Herxheimer. Arnheim, as the English version, "in-
+terpretation."
+
+" Rashi, " to shed blood."
+
+° i. e. Whose innocence cannot save him. So renders
+Philippson. Ralbag, "although he has not sinned against
+us." Herxheimer, "without danger," ;. e. we need ap-
+prehend no danger in assailing him unawares.
+
+^ Aben Ezra; but Ivashi, "we will swallow them while
+they are entire."
+
+
+simfjlicity? and the scorners take their de-
+light in scorning, and fools hate know-
+ledge ?
+
+23 Turn back to my admonition : behold,
+I will pour*' out my spirit unto you, I will
+make known my words unto you.
+
+24 Whereas I called, and ye refused ;
+I stretched out my hand, and no man was
+attentive ;
+
+25 And ye have set at nought all my
+counsel, and would not accept my admoni-
+tion:
+
+26 (Therefore) I also will truly laugh at
+your calamity; I will deride (you) when
+your terror cometh ;
+
+27 When your terror cometh like the
+tempest-cloud, and your calamity hasteneth
+like a whirlwind; when there come upon
+you distress and affliction.
+
+28 Then will they call me, but I will not
+answer; they will seek me earnestly, but
+they shall not find me ;
+
+29 For the reason that they hated know-
+ledge, and the fear of the Lord they did not
+choose ;
+
+30 (That) they would not attend to my
+counsel; (that) they rejected all my admoni-
+tion.
+
+31 Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of
+their own way, and from their own counsels
+shall they be satisfied.
+
+32 For the defection of the simple will
+slay them, and the prosperity of fools will
+cause them to be lost.
+
+33 But he that hearkeneth unto me shall
+dwell safely, and shall be at rest from the
+dread of evil.
+
+CHAPTER IL
+
+1 ^ My son, if thou wouldst but accept
+my woi'ds, and treasure up my command-
+ments with thee ;
+
+
+' Arnheim, "strewed with .seed." Rashi would con-
+nect the verses so : the birds conceive the seed strewed
+in the net is there for no purpose; hence, they will
+snatch at it, while the hunters draw in the cords, as they
+are waiting and are concealed to take the life of their
+prey. According to this view the word own must not be
+supplied. Others, however, iuterpret, "The bird seeing
+the net will escape, it is useless to catch him, and so will
+the innocent be delivered from the wicked, while the
+persecutors themselves are caught in their own toils."
+
+' True wisdom, the fear and knowledge of God, is al-
+1 ways accessible, like a stream of water. (Deut. xss. 1-i.)
+
+795
+
+
+PROVERBS n. III.
+
+
+2 To let thy ear listen unto wisdom: (if)
+thou would.st incline thy heart to understand-
+ing-
+
+o For if thou wilt call after intelligence ;
+if after understanding thou wilt lift up thy
+voice ;
+
+4 If thou wilt seek lier as silver, and
+search for her as for hidden treasures:
+
+5 Then wilt thou understand the fear of
+the Lord, and the knowledge of God wilt
+thou find.
+
+6 For the Lord giveth wisdom : out of his
+mouth (come) knowledge and understanding.
+
+7 He treasureth up sound wisdom* for the
+righteous, as a shield to those that walk in
+integrity :
+
+8 That men'' may keep the paths of justice;
+and the way of his pious servants doth he
+guard.
+
+9 Then wilt thou understand righteous-
+ness, and justice, and equity: yea, every
+track of goodness.
+
+10 For" wisdom will enter thy heart, and
+knowledge will be pleasant unto thy soul;
+
+11 Discretion will watch over thee, under-
+standing will keep thee;
+
+12 To deliver thee from the way of the
+bad, from the man that speaketh perverse
+things ;
+
+13 (From those) who leave the paths of
+uprightness, to walk in the ways of dark-
+ness ;
+
+14 Who rejoice to do evil, who are delight-
+ed in the perverseness of the bad ;
+
+15 Who as regardeth their paths are crook-
+ed, and froward in their tracks.
+
+16 To deliver thee from the adulteress,''
+from the alien woman that useth flattering
+speeches ;
+
+17 That forsaketh the friend of her youth,
+and forgetteth the covenant of her God.
+
+18 For she" sinketh unto death — her house,
+and unto the departed (lead) her tracks.
+
+
+° Aben Ezra. Rashi takes it as equivalent for the divine
+law. Piiilipp.son, "happiness."
+
+'' llashi, Alien P]zra, &c. Philippson, "Watching (/. e.
+on the part of God) the paths of justice."
+
+'Jonathan. Aben Ezra, "when wisdom entereth —
+then will discretion," &c.
+
+'^ So llashi; but he understands by the term, not the
+adultrcss proper, but idolatry, which is, as it wore, a
+breach of the marriage tie between God and Israel. (See
+Hosea ii. 21.) The "alien" spoken of in the latter part
+of the verse is also one "alien to virtue."
+'I'M
+
+
+19 All that come unto her return not
+aoain, and they will not reach the paths of
+life.
+
+20 In order that thou mayest walk in the
+way of good men, and observe the paths of
+the righteous.
+
+21 For the upright will dwell on the earth,
+and the perfect will be left remaining on it.
+
+22 But the wicked will be cut ofi' from the
+earth, and the treacherous shall be plucked
+up therefrom.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 T[ My son, forget not my teaching, and
+let thy heart keep my commandments;
+
+2 For length of days, and years of life, and
+peace, will they increase unto thee.
+
+3 Let kindness and truth not forsake thee;
+bind them about thy throat; write them
+upon the table of thy heart:
+
+4 So shalt thou find grace and g(jod fa-
+vour' in the eyes of God and man.
+
+5 Trust in the Lord with all thy heart:
+and upon thy own understanding do not
+rely.
+
+6 In all thy ways acknowledge him, and
+he will make level thy paths.
+
+7 Be not wise in thy own eyes : fear the
+Lord, and depart from evil.
+
+8 It will be healing to thy body,^ and
+marrow to thy bones.
+
+9 Honour "the Lord with thy wealth, and
+with tlie first-fruits of all thy products:
+
+10 So shall thy storehouses be filled with
+plenty, and with new wine shall thy presses
+overflow.
+
+11 The correction"* of the Lord, my son,
+do not despise; and feel no loathing for his
+admonition;
+
+12 Becau.se whomever the Lord loveth he
+admonisheth ; and as a father who delighteth
+in (his) son.
+
+13 Happy the man that hath found wis-
+
+" Aben Ezra; i. e. death is her proper dwelling, whi-
+ther her conduct leads her. llashi, "Who entereth her
+house is on the declivity leading down to death." Phi-
+lippson, "For her house sinketh unto hell;" but n'^
+house is masculine, and cannot therefore agree with nnty
+the third person feminine.
+
+' Lit. "intelligence." Others, "success."
+
+' Lit. " navel," the soft portion of the body against /utiles.
+
+■" The sorrows and trials of life are the means God em-
+ploys to correct man's faults and to admonisli iiim to
+amend.
+
+
+PROVERBS III. IV.
+
+
+(loin, and the man tliat acquireth" under-
+standing.
+
+14 For the obtaining*' of hor is better than
+the obtaining of silver, and better than fine
+gold is hor product.
+
+15 She is more precious than pearls ; and all
+the things thou valuest are not equal unto
+her.
+
+16 Length of days is in her right hand:
+in her left are riches and honour.
+
+1 7 Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and
+all her paths are peace.
+
+18 A tree of life is she to those that lay
+hold on her: and every one that firmly grasp-
+eth her will be made happy.
+
+19 ^ The Lord hath through wisdom
+founded the earth: he hath established the
+heavens through underst.anding.
+
+20 By his knowledge were the depths
+split open, and the skies drop down the
+dew.
+
+21 My son, let them not be removed from
+thy eyes; keep (before thee) sound wisdom
+and discretion:
+
+22 And they will be life unto thy soul,
+and grace to thy throat.
+
+23 Then wilt thou walk in safety on thy
+way, and thy foot will not strike (against
+aught) :
+
+24 When thou layest thyself down, thou
+shalt feel no dread; and as thou liest down,
+thy sleep shall be pleasant.
+
+25 Thou needest not to be afraid of sud-
+den dread, neither of the (unlooked-for) tem-
+pest over the wicked, when it cometh.
+
+26 For the Lord will be thy confidence,
+and he will guard thy foot from being caught.
+
+27 Withhold not a benefit'' from him who
+is deserving it, when it is in the power of
+thy hand to do it.
+
+28 Say not unto thy neighbour. Go, and
+return, and to-morrow will I give: when
+thou hast it by thee.
+
+29 Contrive not against thy neighbour any
+evil, when he dwelleth in safety with thee.
+
+
+' Rashi, "to be so ready with it, that he can spread it
+abroad to others."
+
+'' Ralbag; but Rashi, literally, "exchanges," or "mer-
+chandise."
+
+° Ralbag. Zunz and Eng. ver., "to whom is it due."
+Rashi, one opinion, "Hinder not thy friend to do good to
+the poor who meritcth it, wlicn thou hast even the power
+to do so."
+
+
+30 Quarrel not with any man without
+cause, if he have done thee no harm.
+
+31 Envy not the man of violence, and
+choose none of his ways.
+
+32 For the froward is an abomination to the
+Lord; but with the upright is his good-will."
+
+33 The curse of the Lord is in the house
+of the wicked; but the habitation of the
+righteous will he bless.
+
+34 If (it concern) the scornful he will him-
+self render them a scorn ; but unto the lowly
+doth he give grace.
+
+35 The wise shall inherit glory; but fools
+shall obtain disgrace as their portion." •
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Tl Hear, ye children, the correction of a
+father, and attend to know understanding.
+
+2 For good information do I give you: my
+teaching must ye not forsake.
+
+3 For I was a son unto my father, a tender
+and an only child before my mother.
+
+4 And he instructed me, and said unto me.
+Let thy heart grasp firmly my words: ob-
+serve my commandments and live.
+
+5 Acquire wisdom, acquire understanding:
+forget not, and depart not from the sayings
+of my mouth.
+
+6 Forsake her not, and she will watch
+over thee : love her, and she will keep thee.
+
+7 The beginning of wisdom is. Acquire
+wisdom: and with all thy acquisition acquire
+understanding.
+
+8 Hold her in high esteem,'^ and she will
+exalt thee : she will bring thee to honour,
+when thou embracest her.
+
+9 She will give to thy head a wreath of
+grace : a crown of ornament will she deliver"
+to thee.
+
+10 Hear, 0 my son, and accept my say-
+ings: and they will increase unto thee the
+years of life.
+
+11 In the way of wisdom have I instructed
+thee: I have led thee in the tracks of upright-
+ness.
+
+
+** Lit. "secret;" hence, Arnheim, "confidence," or
+"good-will;" because those, to whom we impart our se-
+crets, must have first our friendship.
+
+° Rashi. Ralbag, one opinion, "shall be removed by
+disgrace."
+
+' Aben Ezra. Rashi, "Glean for her," *. c. seek for
+her with ardour wherever she may bo found.
+
+* Abcii Ezra. Others, "will eni'iiiupass thee."
+
+TP7
+
+
+PROVERBS IV. V.
+
+
+12 When thou walkest, thy step shall not
+be narrowed ; and when thou runnest, thou
+shalt not stumble.
+
+13 Lay fast hold of correction ; let her not
+go: keep her; for she is thy life.
+
+14 Enter not into' the path of the wicked,
+and step not on the way of the bad.
+
+15 Avoid it, pass not through by it, turn
+off from it, and pass away.
+
+16 For they sleep not, except they have
+done evil; and their sleep is robbed away,
+unless they cause some to stumble.
+
+17 For they eat the bread of wickedness;
+and the wine of violence do they drink.
+
+18 But the path of tlie righteous is as the
+early morning" lig^it? that shineth more and
+more brightly until the height of noonday.*
+
+19 The way of the wicked is like dark-
+ness : they know not against what they stum-
+ble.
+
+20 T[ My son, attend to my words, unto
+my sayings incline thy ear.
+
+21 Let them not slip away from thy eyes:
+guard them in the midst of thy heart.
+
+22 For they are life unto every one of
+those that find them, and to all his body a
+healing.
+
+23 Above all that is to be guarded, keep
+thy heart; for out of it are the issues of life.
+
+24 Remove from thee frowardness" of
+mouth; and perverseness of lips put away far
+from thee.
+
+25 Let thy eyes look right forward, and
+let thy eyelids see straight out before thee.
+
+26 Balance well the track of thy foot, and
+let all thy ways be firmly right.
+
+27 Turn not to the right hand nor to the
+left : remove thy foot from evil.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 Tl My son, attend unto my wisdom; to
+my understanding incline thou thy ear:
+
+
+• Kalbag. Philippson, "a.s the upward-beaming light,"
+i. e. of the sua.
+
+" Rashi. Lit. "the establishment of day."
+° Arnheira, "Remove from thyself crookedness [Phi-
+lippson, "obliquity"] of the mouth; and distortion [Phi-
+lippson, " croukiiig"] of the lips put away far from thee;"
+which Rashi explains, that we sliould take care not to be
+ill spoken of by others; Philippson, that we should be so
+full of truth as nut to use distortions when we speak,
+whicli betoken falsehood. But that, as is said in the next
+verse, we should be straightforward and look men in the
+face, conscious of our tiuthfuluess.
+7U8
+
+
+2 Tliat thou mayest observe discretion,
+and that thy lips maj' keep knowledge.
+
+3 For as of fine honey drop the lips of an
+adulterous woman, and smoother than oil is
+her jialate;
+
+4 But her end is bitter as wormwood, it is
+sharp as a two-edged sword.
+
+5 Her feet go down to death, her steps
+take firm hold on the nether world :
+
+6 So that she cannot balance the'' path of
+life ; her tracks are unsteady, and she know-
+eth it not.
+
+7 ][ And now, 0 ye children, hearken
+unto me, and depart not from the sayings
+of my mouth.
+
+8 Remove far from her thy way, and come
+not nigh to the door of her house;
+
+9 That thou mayest not give up unto
+others thy vigour," and thy years unto the
+cruel ;
+
+10 That strangers may not satisfy them-
+selves with thy strength, and with thy exer-
+tions, in the house of an alien :
+
+11 While thou moanest at thy end, when
+thy flesh and thy body are coming to their
+end,
+
+12 And thou sayest, How have I hated
+correction, and how hath my heart rejected
+reproof;
+
+13 While I hearkened not to the voice of
+my instructors, and to my teacliers I inclined
+not my ear ;
+
+14 But little more*^ was wanting, and I had
+been in all (kinds of) unhappiness in the
+midst of the congregation and assembly.
+
+15 Drink water out of thy own cistern,
+and running waters out of thy own well.
+
+16 So will thy springs overflow abroad;
+and in the open streets will be thy rivulets
+of water f
+
+17 They will be thy own only, and not
+those of strangers with tliee.
+
+
+'' Philippson, after Jonathan ; but Rashi, " Weigh not
+near her the path of life, choosing to do one thing or the
+other; for the tracks of a harlot are unsteady and they
+lead to perdition, and thou wilt not be able to take heed
+till thou stumblest and fallest."
+
+" Lit. "glory," or "respectability," here what makes
+the j'outh respected, viz. his manly vigour.
+
+' Ralbag; but Rashi, "for a trifle have I been brought
+unto all manner of evil." Philippson conceives tliis to
+mean the arraignment on trial for adultery, wliicii would
+have caused the speaker's death.
+
+' After Aben Ezrii, who understands herewith a multi-
+
+
+PROVERBS V. VI.
+
+
+18 Thy fountain will be blessed; and re-
+joice with the wife of thy youth, —
+
+19 The lovely gazelle and the graceful
+chamois: let her bosom satisfy thee abun-
+dantly at all times; with her love be thou
+ravished continually.
+
+20 And why wilt thou, my son, be ravish-
+ed with an adulteress, and embrace the bosom
+of an alien woman ?
+
+21 For before the eyes of the Lord are the
+ways of man, and all his tracks doth he
+weigh in the balance.
+
+22 His own iniquities will truly catch the
+wicked, and with the cords of his sin will he
+be held firmly.
+
+23 He will indeed die for want of correc-
+tion; and through the abundance of his folly
+will he sink into error.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 My son, if thou hast become surety
+for thy friend, if thou hast struck thy hand"
+for a stranger;
+
+2 If thou art ensnared through the words
+of thy mouth, if thou art caught through the
+words of thy mouth :
+
+3 (Then) do this, by all means, my son,
+and deliver thyself, because thou art come
+into the power*" of thy friend, Go hasten to
+him, and urge" thy friend.
+
+4 Grant not any sleep to thy eyes, nor
+slumber to thy eyelids.
+
+5 Deliver thyself as a roebuck from the
+hand (of the hunter), and as a bird from the
+hand of the fowler.
+
+6 ^ Go to the ant, thou sluggard ; look on
+her ways, and become wise.
+
+7 She, that hath no prince, officer, or
+ruler,
+
+8 Provideth in the summer her provision,
+gathereth in harvest-time her tbod.
+
+9 How long, 0 sluggard, wilt thou lie
+
+tude of children springing from a happy and faithful
+married life. Others apply it all metaphorically to wis-
+dom.
+
+" i. e. Giving a pledge, by striking in the hand of the
+person who is to receive assurance of payment.
+
+' Lit. "hand," metaphorical for "grasp," or "power."
+° Rashi, who explains 3m "multiply friends,'' upon
+him that he maj' forgive thco if thou canst not pay;
+and DSinn " open him thy hand to pay if thou hast the
+means." Arnheim, after Aben f]zra, "cast thyself at his
+feet, then canst thou defy the friend," ('. r. the one who
+does not pay his debt.
+
+
+down? when wilt thou arise out of thy
+sleep ?
+
+10 "A little (more) sleep, a little slumber,
+a little folding of the hands in lying down;"
+
+11 But then will thy poverty come like a
+rover,* and thy want as a man armed with
+a shield.
+
+12 A Godless per.son is a man of in-
+justice, who walketh with a distorted mouth.
+
+13 He blinketh with his eyes, he scrap-
+eth" with his feet, he pointeth with his fin-
+gere;
+
+14 Perverseness is in his heart, he con-
+triveth evil at all times ; Jie scattereth abroad
+discord.'
+
+15 Therefore shall suddenly come his cala-
+mity: miawares shall he be broken without
+a remedy.
+
+16 Six things there are which the Lord
+hateth ; and seven are an abomination unto
+his spirit :
+
+17 Haughty eyes, a tongue of falsehood,
+and hands that shed innocent blood,
+
+18 A heart that contriveth plans of in-
+justice, feet that hasten to run after evil,
+
+19 A false witness that eagerly uttereth
+lies, and him that scattereth abroad discord
+among brethren.
+
+20 j[ Keep, 0 my son, the commandment
+of thy father, and reject not the teaching
+of thy mother:
+
+21 Bind them upon thy heart continually,
+tie them about thy throat.
+
+22 When thou walkest, it shall lead thee;
+when thou best down, it shall watch over
+thee; and when thou art awake it shall con-
+verse with thee.
+
+23 For the commandment is a lamp, and
+the law is light; and the way of life are the
+admonitions of correction :
+
+24 To guard thee against a bad woman,
+from the flattery of an alien tongue.^
+
+
+* Septuagint, "xaxoj o^oirtopos;" hence, Herxheimer,
+"vagabond." Philippson, "robber;" but the word "rover"
+expresses perfectly the Hebrew iSna and all the other
+ideas of these commentators. — A man supplied with a
+shield makes an attack and at the same time wards off
+the blows of the other; or the same as "irresistible."
+
+'Philippson and Eng. vcr., "he speaketh," i. e. ht
+does not speak out, but by distortion of the mouth, by
+scraping with the foot and pointing with the finger, he in-
+fers a falsehood which he dares not to utter.
+
+' Lit. "quarrels," "disputes."
+
+^ Jonathan, "the tongue of an alien woman."
+
+
+PROVERBS VI. VII.
+
+
+25 Covet not her beauty in thy heart, and
+let her not conquer thee with her eyelids.
+
+26 For by means of a harlot" (one' is
+Ijrought down) to the last loaf of bread : and
+an adulterous woman will even hunt for the
+precious life.
+
+27 Can a man gather up fire in his lap,
+and shall his clothes not be burnt ?
+
+28 Can a man walk along upon hot coals,
+and shall his feet not be burnt ?
+
+29 So it is with him that goeth in to his
+neighbour's wife: no one that toucheth her
+shall remain unpunished.
+
+30 Men do not despise the thief, if he steal,
+to gratify his craving when he is hungry:
+
+31 And if he be found, he must pay seven-
+fold; all the wealth of his house must he
+give.
+
+32 But whoso committeth adultery with a
+woman lacketh sense: he that is the de-
+stroyer of his soul, will alone do this.
+
+33 Plague and disgrace will he meet with;
+and his reproach will not be blotted out.
+
+34 For jealousy is the fury of a husband,
+and he will not spai'e on the day of ven-
+geance.
+
+35 He will not regard the appearance of
+any ransom; and he will not be content,
+though thou give ever so many bribes.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 Tf My son, observe my saynigs, and my
+commandments nuist thou treasure up with
+thee.
+
+2 Observe my commandments, and live:
+and my teaching as the apple of thy eyes.
+
+3 Bind them around thy fingers, write
+them upon the table of thy heart.
+
+4 Say unto wisdom, Thou art my sister;
+and call understanding thy kinswoman :
+
+5 That they may keep thee from an adul-
+terous woman, from an alien that useth tiat-
+tering speeches.
+
+G For through the window of my house,
+tlirough my lattice did I (once) look out,
+
+
+* i. e. The company with dis.sohitc women iu general
+will ruin even the wealthiest and lead to penury; but
+:i'lultory will endanger life even.
+
+'' Meaning, he was first observed loitering about at
+dusk, and he continued till it was quite dark.
+
+° Arnheini. Philippson, "of a deceitful tongue."
+![cr.xlu<inier, "concealed intention."
+
+■' Lit. "She hnnlciM'd licr face and saiil," &c.
+
+goo
+
+
+7 And I beheld among the simple ones, I
+discerned among the jouths, a lad void of
+sense ;
+
+8 He was passing through the market-
+place near her corner; and he stepped along
+on the way to her house,
+
+9 In the twilight,'' in the evening of the
+day, in the depth of the night and when it
+was dark:
+
+10 And, behold, a woman came to meet
+him with the attire of a harlot, and obdurate"
+of heart.
+
+11 (She is noisy and ungovernable; in
+her house her feet never rest;
+
+12 At one time she is in the street, at an-
+other in the open places, and near every
+corner doth she lurk,)
+
+13 And she caught hold of him, and kissed
+him, and with an impudent face'" she said to
+him,
+
+14 "I had bound myself to bring peace-
+oflferings; this day have I paid my vows:
+
+15 Therefore am I come forth to meet
+thee, to seek thy presence diligently, and I
+have found thee.
+
+16 With tapestry coverings have I decked
+my bed, with embroidered coverlids'" of the
+fine linen of Egyijt.
+
+17 I have sprinkled my couch with myrrh,
+aloes, and cinnamon.
+
+18 Come, let us indulge in love until the
+morning: let us delight ourselves with dalli-
+ances.
+
+19 For the man is not in his house, he is
+gone on a journey a great way ofi':
+
+20 The bag of money hath he taken with
+him,*^ by the day of the new-moon festival
+only will he come home."
+
+21 She seduced him l)y the aljundance of
+her reasoning:''' by the flattery of her lips she
+misguided him.
+
+22 He followed after her suddenly, as an
+ox goeth to the slaughter, and as in fetters'"
+to his correction, the fool :
+
+23 Till an arrow cleaveth throuoh his
+
+
+' Jonathan, Abcn Ezra, and I'hilippson. Halbag, tak-
+ing Dn^in as chains or gold ornaments, supposes riUDn
+to be "cords."
+
+' Heb. "in his hand."
+
+s Lit. "information," or "doctrine;" here the voliibility
+of false reasoning.
+
+'' Arnheim. Jonathan takes DDj' to nuan dni:, and
+renders as "the dog to coirection," and takes ViN fur
+
+
+PROVERBS VII. VIII.
+
+
+liver; as a bird hasteneth into tlio snare,
+and knoweth not that it is done to take bis
+life.
+
+24 T[ And now, 0 cbildron, bcarken unto
+me, and listen to the sayings of my mouth.
+
+25 Let not thy heart turn aside to her
+ways, do not go astray on her patlis.
+
+26 For many deadly wounded hath she
+caused to fall: yea, very numerous are all
+those slain by her.
+
+27 The wa^s to the nether world is her
+house, leading down to the chambers of
+death.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 Behold. wij<doni ralleth, and understand-
+ing sendeth forth her voice.
+
+2 On the top of high places, l)y the way-
+side, at the house where there are (many)
+paths doth she place herself
+
+3 Alongside of gates, at the opening of the
+city, at the entrance of the town (-doors)
+doth she call loudlv,
+
+4 Unto you, 0 men, I call, and my voice
+(goeth forth) to the sons of men.
+
+5 Learn, 0 ye simple, to understand pru-
+dence : and, ye fools, be ye of an understand-
+ing heart.
+
+G Hear! for of noble things will I speak;
+and the opening of my lips shall be of what
+is equitable.
+
+7 For truth uttereth my palate ever, and
+the abomination of my lips is wickedness.
+
+8 In righteousness are all the sayings of
+my mouth, there is in them nothing crooked
+or perverse.
+
+U They are all evident to the man of un-
+derstanding, and correct to those that have
+obtained knowledge.
+
+10 Accept my correction, and not silver;
+and knowledge rather than choice gold.
+
+11 For wisdom is better than pearls; and
+all the things that men wish for are not
+equal to her.
+
+
+S'N " the Jeer," and connects it with the next verse : " And
+like the deer who receiveth the flying arrow in his liver."
+Philippson, after Rosenmiiller, and others, "as a deer
+springeth in the net," taking IDIO as synonymous with
+"net."
+
+' Philippson, "and nobly all the judges of the earth."
+'' Aben Ezra. Eashi, "I have a great inheritance to
+give to my friends."
+
+"Jonathan. Lit. "acquired." |
+
+& A
+
+
+12 I wisdom dwell with prudence, and the
+knowledge of discreet thoughts do I discover.
+
+13 The fear of the Lord is to hate evil,
+pride and arrogance, and the evil way: and
+the mouth of perverseness do I hate.
+
+14 Mine are counsel and sound wisdom : I
+am understanding; nn'ne is nnght.
+
+15 Through me do kings reign, and chief-
+tains give decrees (in) righteousness.
+
+IG Through me do princes rule, and the
+nobles," even all the judges of the earth.
+
+17 I indeed love those that love me; and
+those that seek me earnestly shall find me.
+
+18 Riches and honour are with me, yea,
+enduring wealth and righteousness.
+
+19 My fruit is better than gold, and than
+fine gold; and my products, than choice sil-
+ver.
+
+20 On the road of righteousness do I walk
+firmly, in the midst of the paths of justice:
+
+21 That I may cause those that love me
+to inherit a lasting possession ;*" and their
+treasures will I fill.
+
+22 ^ The Lord created'' me as the begin-
+ning of his way, the firsf* of his works from
+the commencement.
+
+23 From eternity was I appointed chief,
+from the beginning, from the earliest times
+of the earth.
+
+24 When there were yet no depths, was I
+brought forth ; when there were yet no springs
+laden heavily with water.
+
+25 Before the mountains were yet sunk
+down,"" before the hills was I Ijrought forth :
+
+26 While as yet he had not made the
+land and open fields, nor the chief^ of the
+dust of the world.
+
+27 When he prepared the heavens, I was
+there; when he drew a circle'^ over the face
+of the deep ;
+
+28 When he fastened the skies above;
+when the springs of the deep became strong;
+
+29 When he assigned to the sea his decree,
+that the waters should not transoress his
+
+
+^ Aben Ezra and Arnheim. Philippson, DID as a pre-
+position, '■'■hifure his works, long ago."
+
+" As though the mountains were dropped down on
+their bases by the hands of the Creator.
+
+' Kashi; meaning, "the first man, Adam." Philipp-
+son, "the total of the unfruitful dust of the world."
+Others, "the highest." Arnheim, after Aben Ezra,
+"the beginning."
+
+* Jialbag, "the globe of the earth."
+
+801
+
+
+PROVERBS VIII. IX. X.
+
+
+order;" when he established firmly the found-
+ations of the earth :
+
+30 Then was I near him, as a nursling;
+and I was day by day (his) delights, playing
+before him at all times;
+
+31 Playing in the world, his earth ;*" and
+having my delights with the sons of men.
+
+32 ^ And now, 0 children (of men), hearken
+unto me ! for hapjjy are those that observe
+my ways.
+
+33 Hear correction, and be wise, and reject
+it not.
+
+34 Happy is the man that hearkeneth
+unto me, watching day by day at my gates,
+waiting at the posts of my doors.
+
+35 For he who findeth me findeth life,
+and he obtaineth favour from the Lord.
+
+36 But he that sinneth against me doth
+violence to his own soul : all those that hate
+me love death.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ]f Wisdom hath built her house; she
+hath hewn out her seven pillars ;
+
+2 She hath killed her cattle; she hath
+mingled her wine ; she hath also set in order
+her table.
+
+3 She hath sent forth her maidens: she
+inviteth (her guests) ujion the top" of the
+highest places of the town.
+
+4 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither:
+as for him that is void of sense, she saith to
+him,
+
+5 "Come, eat of my bread, and drink of
+the wine which I have mingled.
+
+6 Forsake simplicity, and live ; and go on-
+ward on the way of understanding.
+
+7 He that correcteth a scorner acquireth
+for himself abuse ; and he that reproveth the
+wicked getteth himself a blemish.
+
+8 Do not correct a scorner, lest he hate
+thee : reprove a wise man, and he will love
+thee.
+
+9 Give to the wise (instruction), and he
+will become yet wiser: impart knowledge to
+the righteous, and he will increase his infor-
+mation.
+
+10 The commencement of wisdom is the
+
+
+• Arnheim, "that the water should not pass beyond
+its shore," V3 the mouth of the sea; but others, "the
+nrder of God."
+
+•' Abcn E/,r:i,. Olli. rs, "on tlie globe of liis earth."
+801i
+
+
+fear of the Lord; and the knowledge of the
+Most Holy One"* is understanding.
+
+11 For through me shall thy days be mul-
+tiplied, and the years of thy life shall be in-
+creased unto thee.
+
+12 If thou art become wise, thou art wise
+for thyself; but if thou art a scorner, thou
+alone wilt have to bear it."
+
+13 The woman of folly is noisy: she is
+simple, and knoweth not what (to do).
+
+14 And she sitteth at the door of her
+house, upon a chair in the high places of the
+town.
+
+15 To call the wayfarers who go straight
+forward on their jjaths.
+
+Ki Who.so is simple, let him turn in hi
+ther; and as for him that is void of sense,
+she saith to him,
+
+17 "Stolen waters are sweet, and bread
+of secrecy is pleasant."
+
+18 But he knoweth not that the departed
+are there ; that in the depths of the nether
+world are her guests.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ The proverbs of Solomon. A wise
+son causeth (his) father to rejoice; but a
+foolish son is the grief of his mother.
+
+2 Treasures of wickedness will not profit
+aught; but righteousness will deliver from
+death.
+
+3 The Lord will not suffer the soul of the
+righteous to famish; but the sinful desires
+of the wicked will he cast away.
+
+4 He becometh poor that laboureth with
+an indolent hand; but the hand of the dili-
+gent maketli rich.
+
+5 He that gathereth in summer is an in-
+telligent son; (but) he that sleepeth in
+harvest is a son that causeth shame.
+
+6 Blessings come upon the head of the
+righteous; but the mouth of the wicked
+covereth violence.
+
+7 The memory of the just is (destined) to be
+blessed; but the name of the wicked shall rot.
+
+8 The wise in heart will accept command-
+ments; but he that is a fool in his speaking"
+will stumble.
+
+
+" Lit
+
+" Ab
+
+'and the
+
+• Ileb
+
+
+backs."
+en Ezra, as though it were D'tyip D'nSx.
+he knowledge of holy men," &c.
+~ ■ flips."
+
+
+Othe
+
+
+fool
+
+
+PROVERBS X. XT.
+
+
+9 He that walkctli uprightly ever wallteth
+securely; but he that perverteth his ways
+will be punished.
+
+10 He that winketh with the eye causeth
+vexation; and he that is a fool in his speak-
+ing will stumble.
+
+11 A source of life is the mouth of the
+righteous; but the luouth of the wicked cover-
+eth violence.
+
+12 Hatred stirreth up strifes; but love
+throweth a cover over all transgressions.
+
+13 On the lips of the man of understand-
+ing there is found wisdom; but a rod is for
+the back of him that is void of sense.
+
+14 Wise men treasure up knowledge; but
+the mouth of the foolish is an approaching
+teiTor."
+
+15 The wealth of the rich man is his
+strong town : the terror of the poor is their
+poverty.
+
+16 The labour of the righteous (tendeth)
+to life: the product of the wicked is for sin.
+
+17 On the way unto life is he that ob-
+serveth correction ; but he that forsaketh re-
+proof is in error.
+
+18 He that hideth hatred hath lips of
+ftilsehood ; and he that spreadeth abroad an
+evil report, is a fool.
+
+19 In a multitude of words transgression
+cannot be avoided; but he that refraineth his
+lips is intelligent.
+
+20 (Like) choice silver is the tongue of the
+righteous: the heart of the wicked is worth
+but very little.
+
+21 The lips of the righteous feed many;
+but fools die through lack of sense.*"
+
+22 The blessing of the Lord it is which
+maketh rich, and painful labour addeth no-
+thing thereto.
+
+23 It is as sport to a fool to do wicked
+deeds; but a man of understanding hath wis-
+dom."
+
+24 What the wicked dreadeth, that will
+come upon him; but the longing of the right-
+eous will God grant.
+
+25 As the whirlwind passeth by, the wick-
+
+
+' Aruht'im. Jonathan, "destruction;" and so wher-
+ever the word nnrrs occurs.
+
+^ Aben Ezra, "fools die through means of one void of
+sense, who misleadcth them."
+
+' Rashi, "As it is sport to the fool to do wicked deeds,
+BO is wisdom (sport) to the man of understanding."
+
+'' Arnheim, "but it is a terror to the workers," &c.
+
+
+ed is no more; but the righteous is an ever-
+lasting foundation.
+
+26 As vinegar is to the teeth, and as
+smoke is to the eyes: so is the sluggard to
+those that send him.
+
+27 The fear of the Lord increaseth (man's)
+days; but the years of the wicked will l)e
+shortened.
+
+28 The expectation of the righteous is joy ;
+but the hope of the wicked shall perish.
+
+29 The way of the Lord is a strong-hold to
+the upright; but terror'' is destined to the
+workers of injustice.
+
+30 The righteous shall never be removed;
+but the wicked shall not inhabit the earth.
+
+31 The mouth of the just uttereth" Avis-
+dom; but the tongue of perverseness shall be
+cut out.
+
+32 The lips of the righteous know (how to
+obtain) favour; but the mouth of the wicked
+(speaketh) perverseness.
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+1 Balances of deceit are an abomination of
+the Lord; but a full weight (obtaineth) his
+favour.
+
+2 When pride cometh, then cometh dis-
+grace; but with the modest there is Avisdom.
+
+3 The integrity of the upright guideth
+them; but the cunning of the treacherous
+destroyeth them.
+
+4 Wealth cannot profit on the day of
+wrath ;*^ but righteousness will deliver from
+death.
+
+5 The righteousness of the perfect maketh
+even his way; but by his own wickedness
+will the wicked fall.
+
+6 The righteousness of the upright will de-
+liver them ; but through their own sinful de-
+sires are the treacherous caught.
+
+7 When a wicked man dieth, (his) hope
+vanisheth ; and the expectation of (his) chil-
+dren'' is lost.
+
+8 The righteous is delivered out of dis-
+tress, and the wicked cometh in his stead.
+
+9 With his mouth doth the hypocrite de-
+
+
+' Rashi. Others, "produceth."
+
+' When God punishes.
+
+s Rashi, taking d'JIN as "strength," in the sense it is
+found in Gen. xlix. 3. Philippson, " his expectation of
+power," as apposition to "the hopes" first spoken of.
+Jonathan, "of the men who do unjustly," as though its
+singular were spelled avcii instead of on.
+
+803
+
+
+PROVERBS XI. XII.
+
+
+strov his neighbour; but througli knowledge
+arc the righteous delivered.
+
+10 When it goeth well with the righteous,
+the town rejoiceth loudly: and when the
+wicked perish, there is joyful shouting.
+
+11 Through the blessing of the upright a
+city is exalted; but through the mouth of the
+wicked it is pulled down.
+
+12 He that despiseth his neighbour is void
+of sense; but a man of understanding main-
+taiueth silence.
+
+13 He that walketh about as talebearer re-
+vealeth secrets; but he that is of a faithful
+spirit concealeth the matter.
+
+14 Where there is no wise guidance, a
+people must fall; but (it will obtain) help
+through the nuiltitude of counsellors.
+
+15 With evil will he be overwhelmed that
+is surety for a stranger; but he that hateth
+giving the hand as pledge is safe.
+
+16 A woman endowed with grace will
+surely obtain honour; and the powerful" will
+obtain riches.
+
+17 The man of kindness doth good to his
+own soul; but he that troubleth his own
+flesh is cruel.
+
+18 The wicked practiseth a work of false-
+hood;'' but he that soweth righteousness (ob-
+taineth) the reward of truth.
+
+19 He who is firm in righteousness at-
+ta'meth to life: and he that pursueth evil
+(dotli it) to his own death.
+
+20 An abomination of the Loud are those
+of a perverse heart; but his favour is for
+those who are unblemished in their way.
+
+21 The hand (of God) being against (Ids)
+hand,'" the bad num shall not go unpunished;
+but the seed of the righteous shall escape.
+
+22 As a golden ring in a swine's snout, so
+is a handsome woman that hath thrown off
+discretion.**
+
+23 The desire of the righteous is only
+good ; but the hope of the wicked is the wrath
+(of God).
+
+24: There is a man that scattereth gifts,
+and yet his wealth is increased : and there ii?
+
+' llashi, and so Philippson, gives D'y'">i', a bad sense,
+"those who are tyrannical or unjustly exacting;" but
+Ilcrxhcinicr thinks it merely intended to represent here
+the "industrious," "hardy labourers."
+
+"' Arnheim, "the wicked ac(|uire a worthless gain."
+° So llashi and Aben Ezra. .Jonathan, " FIc that
+stretcheth out his Iiand against his neighbour." Some,
+
+
+one that withholdeth more than is proj)er,
+and still cometli only to want.
+
+25 A beneficent soul will be abundantly
+gratified;" and he that refresheth (others)
+will be also refi'eshed himself.
+
+26 Him that withholdeth corn, the people
+will denounce; but blessing Avill be heaped
+upon the head of the one that selleth it.
+
+27 He that diligently searcheth after good
+seeketh favour; but if one inquireth after evil,
+it will come unto liim.
+
+28 He that trusteth in his riches will
+surely fall; but the righteous shall grow like
+the leaves (of a tree).
+
+29 He that troubleth his own house will
+inherit the wind; and the fool will become
+the servant to the wise of heart.
+
+30 The fruit of the righteous is of the tree
+of life; and the wise draweth souls to him-
+self
+
+31 Behold, the righteous is recompensed
+on the earth: how much more the wicked
+and the sinuer."^
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 Whoso loveth correction loveth know-
+ledge; but he that hateth reproof is brutish.
+
+2 The gn(xl obtaineth favour of the Loud;
+but a man of wicked devices will he con-
+demn.
+
+3 A num cainiot be firmly established by
+wickedness; but the root of the righteous
+will not be moved.
+
+4 A virtuous woman is a crown to her
+husband ; but as rottenness in his bones is
+one that bringeth shame (on him).
+
+5 The thoughts of the righteous are jus-
+tice : the best counsels of the wicked are
+deceit.
+
+6 The woi'ds of the wicked are of lying in
+wait for blood; but the mouth of the upright
+will deliver them.
+
+7 The wicked are suddenly overthrown,
+and are no more ; but the hoflse of the right-
+eous will endure.
+
+8 In accordance with his intelligence is a
+
+
+"from hand to iiaiid," i. e. though the evil pass from one
+generation to another. Philippson, after Ewald, "The
+hand I pledge," or " is pledged that," &c., /. c it is certain.
+
+. '' I'hilippson, " that is without morals." Others, "grace."
+
+'' Ijit. "made fat," — "watered."
+
+' llashi comments, "How much more must the wicked
+be ultimately punished, either iu life or in dcalii,"
+
+
+PROVERBS XII. XIII.
+
+
+man praised; hut he that is perverse of heart
+will eoiiie to be despised.
+
+9 Better is he that is lightly esteemed who
+hatli a servant, than he that aimeth after
+honour, ;iud lacketh bread.
+
+10 A righteous man careth for the life of
+his Ijeast; but the mercies of the wicked are
+cruelty.
+
+11 He that tilleth his ground will be satis-
+fied with bread; but he that runneth after
+idle persons is void of sense.
+
+12 The wicked is covetous for the net of
+evil men ; but (God) giveth root" to the
+righteous.
+
+13 In the transgression of his lips is the
+snare of the wicked; but the righteous com-
+eth out of distress.
+
+14 From the fruit of his mouth will a
+man be satisfied with what is good ; and the
+recompense of a man's hands will be brought
+back unto him.
+
+15 The way of a fool is straight in his own
+eyes; but he that hearkeneth unto counsel is
+wise.
+
+IG The wrath of the fool is known on the
+very day; but he that concealeth the disgrace
+is prudent.
+
+17 He that uttereth truth announce th
+righteousness ; but a ttxlse witness, deceit.
+
+IS There is some one that useth words
+(which are) like the thrusts of a sword; but
+the tongue of the wise is healing.
+
+19 The lip of truth will stand firm for
+ever; but only for a moment the tongue of
+falsehood.
+
+20 Deceit is in the heart of those that con-
+trive evil; but for the counsellors of peace
+there is joy.
+
+21 No wrong can come unawares to the
+righteous; but the wicked are full of evil.
+
+22 An abomination of the Lord are lips of
+fiilsehood; but they that deal in fiiithfulness
+(obtain) his favour.
+
+
+• So Arnlieim and others, after Jonathan, who, how-
+ever, merely gives, "the root of the righteous shall en-
+dure." Eashi, however, "the root of the righteous shall
+yield fruit." Aben Ezra, "shall strike into the ground,"
+i. e. become deeply rooted.
+
+^ Rashi and Ralbag, who conceive that Solomon says
+it is unfit for men to entertain care either for the present
+or future, but he should remove it by relying on God.
+In this view is njNT "care," a feminine noun, the object.
+Others, for this once, make :h "the heart," generally
+masculine, a feminine, and the object of the verse, and
+
+
+23 A prudent man concealeth (his) know-
+ledge; but the heart of fools proclaimeth
+(their) folly.
+
+24 The hand of the diligent will bear
+rule; but the indolent must become tribu-
+tary^
+
+25 If there be care in the heart of man let
+him suppress it; and a good word will change
+it into joy.**
+
+26 The righteous is more excellent" than
+his neighbour; but the way of the wicked
+leadeth them astray.
+
+27 The indolent roasteth not that which
+he hath caught in hunting; but the most pre-
+cious wealth of man is diligence.'*
+
+28 On the path of righteousness there is
+life ; and on her pathway there is immor-
+tality.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ^ A wise son (becometh so) by the cor-
+rection of his father; but a scorner hearken-
+eth not to rebuke.
+
+2 From the fruit of a man's mouth doth
+he eat what is good ; but the longing of tlie
+treacherous is for violence.
+
+3 He that watcheth his mouth guardeth
+his soul; but he that openeth wide his lips
+(prepareth) himself destruction."
+
+4 The sluggard longeth (in) his soul, and
+there (cometh) nothing; but the soul of the
+diligent will be abundantly gratified.
+
+5 The righteous hateth tlie word of false-
+hood; but the wicked bringeth shame and
+dishonour.
+
+6 Righteousness keepeth (him that is) u]>
+right on his way; but wickedness pervertetli'
+the (man of) sin.
+
+7 There is some one that pretendeth to be
+rich without having any thing: another that
+pretendeth to be poor while having abundant
+wealth.
+
+8 As the ransom of a man's life (hath he
+
+
+translate, " Care in a man's heart will bend it down ;
+but a good word will cause it to rejoice." Philippson
+adopts both constructions, the first for the beginning,
+and the other for the conclusion of the verse.
+
+° Rashi, " the righteous yieldeth (his wrath) to his
+neighbour." Arnheira, "warneth his neighbour," i. c.
+to make him do right.
+
+^ Arnheim. Rashi, "the wealth of a man who is dili-
+gent is precious."
+
+• Others, "terror."
+
+' Philippson, "produoeth the sinners downfall."
+
+80.5
+
+
+PROVERBS XIII. XIV.
+
+
+often to give)" liis I'iches; but the poor hear-
+eth no threat.
+
+9 The light of the righteous burneth joy-
+fully;'' but the lamp of the wicked will be
+quenched.
+
+10 Only through presumptuous conduct
+doth man produce contention; but with the
+well-advised is wisdom.
+
+11 Wealth (gotten) by vain deeds will" be
+diminished; but he that gathereth by close
+labour"^ will increase it.
+
+12 Expectation long deferred maketh the
+heai-t sick; but a tree of life is a desire which
+is fulfilled.
+
+13 Whoso despiseth the word shall fall in
+debt to it ;" but he that feareth the command-
+ment will be rewarded.
+
+14 The instruction of the wise is a source
+of life, (teaching) to avoid the snares of
+death.
+
+15 Good intelligence giveth grace; but the
+way of the treacherous is hard.*^
+
+16 Every prudent man acteth with know-
+ledge; but a fool spreadeth abroad his folly.
+
+17 A wicked messenger falleth into un-
+happiness; but a faitliful ambassador (bring-
+eth) healing. "~
+
+18 Poverty and disgrace will overtake
+him that rejecteth correction; but he that
+observeth admonition will be honoured.
+
+19 A desire accomplished is pleasant to
+the soul ; but it is abomination to fools to de-
+part from evil.
+
+20 He that walketh with wise men will
+become wise; but he that associateth with
+fools will be destroyed.^
+
+21 Evil pursueth the sinners; but the
+righteous will (God) repay with happiness.
+
+22 A good man leaveth an inheritance to
+his children's children; but the wealth of
+the sinner is treasured up for the righteous
+
+
+23
+
+
+Much food Ijringeth the new-tilled
+
+
+■ Arnheim, Pliilippson, &c., after Ralbag and Aben
+Ezra; i. e. wealth often becomes dangerous because of
+the cupidity of rulers and malice of iuforraers; but the
+poor escape this danger.
+
+'' Lit. "rejoiceth," i. e. it shines as though it felt joy.
+
+° Aben Ezra. Herxheimer, " Wealth is diminished
+through vanity."
+
+" Heb. "upon the hand."
+
+' Rashi. By despising the word of God we incur
+Tuilt — as it were, fall in debt for the good neglected.
+
+' Rashi comments, "grievous to him and other,^."
+J'hilippsoti, " destructive. "
+800
+
+
+ground*" of the poor; but there are many
+others that are taken away through injustice.
+
+24 He that withholdeth his rod hateth his
+son; but he that loveth him chastiseth him
+betimes.
+
+25 The righteous eateth to satisfy his de-
+sire (to eat) ; but the belly of the wicked
+always suffereth want.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 The wise among women buildeth her
+house; but the foolish pulleth it down witli
+her own hands.
+
+2 In his uprightness walketh he that fear-
+eth the Lord; but perverse in his ways is he
+that despiseth him.
+
+3 In the mouth of the foolish is a stick
+(for his) pride; but the lips of the wise will
+preserve them.
+
+4 Where no oxen are, is the crib clean ;
+but the abundance of harvests is (onl^)
+through the strength of the ox.
+
+5 A faithful witness will not lie; but a
+false witness constantly uttereth lies.
+
+6 A scorner seeketh wisdom, and there is
+none; but knowledge is easy to the man of
+understanding.
+
+7 Go far away from a foolish man, else
+thou wilt (never) know' the lips of know-
+ledge.
+
+8 The wisdom of the prudent is to under-
+stand his way; but the folly of fools is de-
+ceit.''
+
+9 The fool maketh a mockery' of guilt;
+but among the upright there is good-will.
+
+10 The heart knoweth its own bitterness;
+and with its joy can no stranger intermed-
+dle.
+
+11 The house of the wicked will be de-
+stroyed; but the tent of the upright will
+flourish.
+
+12 There is many a way which seemeth
+
+
+* Heb. "broken in pieces."
+
+'' Philippson; meaning, a piece of ground laboriously
+reclaimed by the poor brings an abundant return, whereas
+others perish for the injustice they practise. Others
+render the verse, "Abundance of food giveth the field to
+the poor, while wealth is dissipated through improper
+acting." Ralbag, " Much food is obtained through the
+tillage of the poor."
+
+' Rashi.
+
+" Both self-deception and deceiving others.
+
+' Aben Ezra. Arnheim, "(between) the fools is guilt
+the interpreter, but benevolence between the upright."
+
+
+PROVEEBS XIV. XV.
+
+
+oven before a man ; but its end are ways
+unto death.
+
+13 Even in laughter the heart feeleth
+pain ; and at its end joy is sorrow.
+
+14 The backslider in heart will have
+enough of his own ways; and from liini (de-
+parteth) the good men.*
+
+15 The simple believeth every word; but
+the prudent man understandeth his steps.
+
+16 A wise man is fearful, and departeth
+from evil; but the fool exciteth hiinself, and
+is confident.
+
+17 He that is soon angry committeth
+folly; and a man of wicked devices is hated.
+
+18 The simple inherit folly; but the pru-
+dent crown themselves with knowledge.
+
+19 The bad sink down before the good;
+and the wicked are at the gates of the righl>
+eous.
+
+20 Even to his own neighbour is the poor
+man hateful; but the friends of the rich are
+many.
+
+21 He that despiseth his neighbour is a
+sinner; but he that is gracious to the poor —
+happiness attend him !
+
+22 Behold, those who contrive evil are in
+error; but kindness and truth attend on those
+who contrive what is good.
+
+23 In all painful labour there is profit;
+but mere words of the lips (lead) only to
+want
+
+24 The crown of the wise is their riches;
+but the folly of fools is (only) folly.
+
+25 A deliverer of souls is the true witness;
+but a witness of deceit uttereth lies.
+
+26 In the fear of the Lord is the strong
+confidence (of man), and unto his children
+will it be a place of shelter.
+
+27 The fear of the Lord is the source of
+life, (teaching) to avoid the snares of death.
+
+28 In the multitude of people is the king's
+glory ; but in the want of a population is the
+downfall of the prince.
+
+29 He that is slow to anger is of great un-
+derstanding; but he that is hasty of spirit
+holdeth up (to view) his folly.
+
+30 A sound heart is the life of the body;
+but jealousy is the I'ottenness of the bones.
+
+31 He that oppresseth the poor blasphem-
+
+
+' Ralbag. Aben Ezra, vh}>0 "from his leaves," mean-
+ing the lightest good deeds, "will the good man be satis-
+fied." Philippson, "from his deeds," &c. Others,
+
+
+eth his Maker; Init he that is gracious to the
+needy honoureth him.
+
+32 Through his own evil is the wicked
+thrust down; but even in his death doth the
+righteous have confidence.
+
+33 In the heart of the man of understand-
+ing restoth wisdom ; ])ut (the little which is)
+in the bosom of tools is nuide known.
+
+34 Righteousness exalteth a people; Init
+the disgrace of nations is sin.
+
+35 The king's favour is bestowed on an in-
+telligent servant; but his wrath is against
+him that deserveth shame.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 A soft answer turneth away fury; but a
+mortifying word stirreth up anger.
+
+2 The tongue of the wise maketh know-
+ledge acceptable; but the mouth of fools sput-
+tereth out folly.
+
+3 In every jilace are the eyes of the IxtRi),
+looking on the bad and the good.
+
+4 A healing (word) of the tongue is a tree
+of life; but perverseness therein is a breach
+to the spirit.
+
+5 A fool contemneth the correction of his
+father; but he that observeth admonition
+will become prudent.
+
+6 In the house of the righteous there is
+much treasure; but in the income of the
+wicked is trouble.
+
+7 The lips of the wise scatter knowledge ;
+but the heart of fools is not reliable.
+
+8 The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomi-
+nation of the Lord; but the prayer of the
+upright (obtaineth) his favour.
+
+9 An abomination of the Lord is the way
+of the wicked; but him that pursueth right-
+eousness will he love.
+
+10 An evil correction'' is (destined) for
+him that forsaketh the (right) path : he that
+hateth admonition will die.
+
+11 The nether world and corruption are
+open before the Lord: how much more then
+the hearts of the children of men !
+
+12 A scorner loveth not that one should
+admonish him: unto the wise doth he not
+go.
+
+13 A merry heart cheereth up the counte-
+
+
+"from what is in him." Jonathan, "from his piety.'-
+Rashi, "above the wicked will be the good man."
+'' Rashi. Aben Ezra, "Correction is evil to," &c.
+
+807
+
+
+PROVERBS XV. XVI.
+
+
+nance; but when the heart feeleth pain the
+spirit is depressed.
+
+14 Tlie heart of the man of understanding
+seeketh knowledge; but the mouth of fools
+feedeth on folly.
+
+15 All the days of the afllicted are evil;
+but he that is of a cheerful heart hath a con-
+tinual feast.
+
+IG Better is little with the fear of the
+Lord, than great treasure and confusion there-
+with.
+
+17 Better is an allowance of herbs when
+love is there, than a stall-fed ox and hatred
+therewith.
+
+18 A man of fury stirreth up strife; but
+he that is slow to anger assuageth conten-
+tion .
+
+19 The way of the slothful man is like a
+hedge of tliorns; but the path of the upright
+is a levelled (road).
+
+20 A wise son causeth his father to re-
+joice ; but a foolish man despiseth his mother.
+
+21 Folly is joy to him that is void of sense;
+but a man of understanding walketh straight
+forward.
+
+22 Plans are frustrated without consulta-
+tion ; but through a multitude of counsellors
+canst thou maintain thyself
+
+23 A man hath joy by the answer of his
+mouth; and a word (spoken) at the proper
+time, how good is it!
+
+24 The path of life (leadeth) upward for
+the intelligent, in order that he may avoid
+the nether world beneath.
+
+25 The Lord will tear down the house of
+the proud; but he will set up firmly the
+boundary (-stone) of the widow.
+
+26 An abomination of the Lord are the
+thoughts of the bad man ; but pleasant
+speeches are pure (before him).
+
+27 lie that is greedy after gain troubleth
+his own house; but he that hateth gifts will
+live.
+
+28 The heart of the righteous reflecteth to
+answer; but the month of the wicked sput^
+tereth out evil things.
+
+
+* i. e. Such admonitions as lead to life eternal.
+
+" Rashi, who explains, "he puttcth in order his counsel
+and his words in his heart." Lit. "orderiugs," or "ar-
+rangings."
+
+° Philippson, " the answering (of (lie prayer") of the
+tongue."
+
+" ITeb. "roll."
+808
+
+
+29 The Lord is far from the wicked; but
+the prayer of the righteous doth he hear.
+
+30 (What is pleasant to) the light of the
+eyes rejoiceth the heart : a good report giveth
+marrow to the bones.
+
+31 The ear that heareth the admonition
+of" life will ever abide in the midst of the
+wise.
+
+32 He that rejecteth correction despiseth
+his own soul ; but he that heareth admoni-
+tion acquireth intelligence.
+
+33 The fear of the Lord is the correction
+for wisdom; and before honour there must
+come humility.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 Unto man belong the resolves'" of the
+heart; but from the Lord cometh the expres-
+sion" of the tongue.
+
+2 Every one of the ways of a man is pure
+in his own eyes; but the Lord measureth
+the spirits.
+
+3 Commit^ unto the Lord thy works, and
+thy plans will be firmly established.
+
+4 Every thing hath the Lord wrought for
+its destined end :" yea, even the wicked for
+the day of unhappiness.
+
+5 An abomination of the Lord is every
+one that is proud of heart : the hand (of God)
+being against (his) hand,'^ he shall not go un-
+punished.
+
+0 Through kindness and truth is iniquity
+atoned for; and by the fear of the Lord
+(men) depart from evil.
+
+7 When the Lord receiveth in favour a
+man's ways, he inaketh even his enemies to
+be at peace with him.
+
+8 Better is a little with righteousness, than
+great incomes through injustice.
+
+9 A man's heart deviseth his way; but
+the Lord directeth firmly his steps.
+
+10 There should be a wise sentence on the
+lips of the king: his mouth should never
+commit a trespass in judging.
+
+11 A just balance and scales belong to the
+Lord : his work are all the weights in the bag.''
+
+
+" Ralbag; i. e. every thing is adapted to the end for
+which it was made, and even wickedness meets its end in
+the punishment which it naturally produces. Rashi,
+"Every thing hath the Lord made for his own glorifica-
+tion."
+
+' See note to xi. 2L
+
+" (Joiiipare with xi. 1.
+
+
+PROVERBS xvi. xvii.
+
+
+12 It should 1)0 an abomination to kings
+to commit wickedness; for through righteous-
+ness (alone) can a throne be established.
+
+13 Righteous lips (should obtain) the fa-
+vour of kings; and him that speaketh up-
+rightly should they" love.
+
+14 The fury of a king is like the messen-
+gers of death; but a wise man will appease it.
+
+15 In the light of the king's countenance
+there is life; and his favour is as a cloud of
+the latter rain.
+
+16 How much better is it to obtain wisdom
+than gold ! and to obtain understanding is
+l)referable to silver !
+
+17 The highway of the upright is to de-
+part from evil: he preserveth his soul that
+vvatcheth his way.
+
+18 Before downfall (goeth) pride, and be-
+fore stumbling, haughtiness of spirit.
+
+19 Better it is to be of an humble spirit
+with the lowly, than to divide spoil with the
+proud.
+
+20 He that reflecteth on a matter wisely
+will find happiness; and whoso trusteth in
+the Lord — happiness attend him!
+
+21 The wise in heart is called a man of
+understanding; and the sweetness of the lips
+increaseth information.
+
+22 Intelligence is a source of life unto its
+possessor; but the correction of fools is folly.
+
+2.3 The heart of the wise maketli his
+mouth intelligent, and upon his lips he in-
+creaseth information.
+
+21 (Like) the droppings of honey are pletv
+sant sayings, sweet to the soul, and healing
+to the bones.
+
+25 There is many a way which seemeth
+even before a man, but its end are the ways
+unto death.
+
+26 The desire of the laljourer laboureth
+for him; for his mouth imposeth it on him.
+
+27 An ungodly man diggeth up mischief,
+and on his lips there is as it were a scathing
+fire.
+
+28 A perverse man scattereth strife; and
+a whisperer separateth confident friends.
+
+29 The man of violence misleadeth his
+neighbour, and maketh him go on a way
+which is not good.
+
+" Lit. "he," or every one that is king.
+" Rashi, "words of pride." Others, "excellent;" but
+" high-toned" embraces both shades of meaning.
+
+° So Jonathan. Others render rS>'3 "the one who
+5 B
+
+
+30 lie shutteth his eyes to devise perverse
+things: when he compresseth his lips then
+hath he fully resolved on evil.
+
+31 An ornamental crown is the hoary
+head, on the way of righteousness can it be
+found.
+
+32 One that is slow to anger is better than
+a hero; and he that ruleth his spirit, than
+the conqueror of a city.
+
+33 In the lap the lot is cast; but from the
+Lord cometh the whole of its decision.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 Better is a piece of dry bread, and (juiet
+therewith, than a house full of the sacrifices
+of contention.
+
+2 An intelligent servant will have rule
+over a son that bringeth shame, and ainong
+the brothers will he have part of the inherit-
+ance.
+
+3 The crucible is for silver, and the fur-
+nace for gold; but the Lord probeth the
+hearts. '
+
+4 An evil-doer listeneth to unjust lips:
+falsehood giveth ear to a tongue that bringeth
+destruction.
+
+5 Whoso mocketh the poor blasphemeth
+his Maker: he that is glad at calamities will
+not remain unpunished.
+
+6 The crown of old men are children's
+children; and the ornament of children are
+their fathers.
+
+7 High-toned language" is not seemly to a
+worthless i'ool : and yet much less the lan-
+guage of falsehood to a noble.
+
+8 As a precious stone appeai'eth a bribe in
+the eyes of him that obtaiueth" it: whither-
+soever it turneth, it prospereth.
+
+9 He that covereth a transgression seeketh
+love; but he that repeateth a matter sepa-
+rateth confident friends.
+
+10 A reproof peuetratcth more deeply into
+a wise man, than a hundred stripes into a
+fool.
+
+11 Only rebellion' doth a bad man seek:
+therefore a cruel messenger will be sent out
+against him.
+
+12 A man may meet a slie-])oar robbed of
+her whelps, but not a fool in his folly.
+
+
+hath it to give." But the verse is a warning, as in Dout.
+xvi. 19, against the taking of bribes, as else justice will
+be perverted.
+
+'' Philippson, "Only evil doth the rebel seek."
+
+809
+
+
+PROVERBS XVlI. XVIII.
+
+
+13 Whoso bestoweth evil in return for
+good — evil shall not depart from his house.
+
+14 As one letteth loose (a sti-eam) of wa-
+ter, so is the beginning of strife : therefore be-
+fore it be enkindled," leave oif the contest.
+
+15 He that declareth the wicked innocent,
+and he that condemneth the righteous, yea,
+both of them are equally an aljomination to
+the Lord.
+
+IG Wherefore is the purchase-money in
+the hand of a fool to acquire wisdom, seeing
+he hath no sense?
+
+17 A friend loveth at all times, and as a
+brother is he born for (the time of) distress.
+
+18 A man void of sense pledgeth his hand,
+and becometh surety for his friend.
+
+19 He loveth transgression that loveth
+quarrel; and he that maketh high his door''
+seeketh destruction.
+
+20 He that hath a froward heart will not
+find happiness; and he that hath a perverse
+tongue will fall into evil.
+
+21 He that begetteth a fool (doth it) to
+his sorrow; and the father of a worthless
+fool cannot have any joy.
+
+22 A merry heart causeth a healthy ap-
+pearance of the countenance f but a depressed
+spirit drieth up the bones.
+
+23 A wicked man taketh a bribe out of
+the bosom, to pervert the paths of justice.
+
+24 Wisdom is before him that hath under-
+standing; but the eyes of a fool are at the
+ends of the earth.''
+
+25 A foolish son is a vexation to his
+father, and bitterness to her that hath born
+him.
+
+26 To punish the just with a fine even is
+not good, nor to strike the noble (-hearted)
+for (their) equity.'
+
+' Philippson, after Jonathan. Rashi, ;?Sji-\n like n'7Jnn,
+"before it be laid open," and adds, "thy shame." Abcn
+Ezra, "mingled," "intermeddled with." Arnheim, "it
+breaketh forth."
+
+'' •/. c. According to Rashi, "speaking proudly," as
+though it read, "opening the door of his mouth." Ac-
+cording to Ralbag, "who exalteth himself above and de-
+spiseth others."
+
+° llashi. Jonathan, "maketh the body healthy."
+Aben Ezra, "doth good like medicine."
+
+'' /. e. Wisdom is easily found by the intelligent; the
+fool looks too far, and does not find her.
+
+° Ralbag. Philippson, IB'' Si' "and to strike the noble
+cxceedcth all equity." Arnheim, "Punish the righteous
+when he doth wrong, and smite tlie noble fir the sake of
+equity."
+
+8J0
+
+
+27 He that holdeth back his speeches hath
+knowledge; and he that is sparing*^ of his
+spirit is a man of understanding.
+
+28 Even a fool, when he keepeth silence,
+is counted wi.se : he that shutteth his lips (is
+esteemed) a man of understanding.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 He that separateth himself (from God)
+seeketh his own desires : at evei'y sound wis-
+dom is he enraged.^
+
+2 A fool hath no delight in understanding,
+but in laying open what is in his heart.
+
+3 When the wicked cometh, then cometh
+also contempt, and with dishonouraljle acts,
+disgrace.
+
+4 Like deep waters are the words of a
+(wise) man's mouth, and a bubbling brook is
+the well-spring of wisdom.
+
+5 It is not good to favour the person of
+the wicked, to wrest (the cause of the) right-
+eous in judgment.
+
+6 The lips of the fool come with conten-
+tion, and his mouth calleth for blows.
+
+7 The mouth of the fool is a destruction to
+himself, and his lips are the snare of his soul.
+
+8 The words of a whisperer are as wounds,*"
+and they go down indeed into the innermost
+parts of the body.
+
+9 He also' that showeth himself slothful in
+his work is a brother to the destroyer.
+
+10 Tf The name of the Lord is a strong
+tower, whereunto the righteous runneth, and
+is placed in safety.
+
+11 The rich man's wealth is his strong town,
+and as a towering wall in his own conceit.
+
+12 Before downfoU the heart of man be-
+cometh haughty, and before honour goeth
+humility.
+
+
+' i. e. He does not say all he knows. Philippson,
+"the cool-spirited," after the Ketih.
+
+* Rashi and Philippson. Rashi, however, renders as
+in xvii. 14, "among the men his shame will be laid open."
+And Philippson, after Sa'adyah, "from mankind." Aben
+Ezra, " He that separateth him.self (from his kindred) to
+seek wisdom which he longeth for, will mingle with all
+the men of sound wisdom."
+
+'' Arnheim and others render the word D'DnSno with
+"dainty food;" meaning the words of a man who slily
+conveys slanderous information arc pleasant to one who
+hears them, if he be fond of them, while they at the same
+time penetrate the very heart of man and leave their
+effects there.
+
+' Philippson explains "also" as saying, "though the
+judgment against the slothful is severe, it is still true."
+
+
+PROVERBS XVIII. XTX.
+
+
+13 When one returneth an answer before
+he understandeth (the question), it i.s folly
+imto him and shame.
+
+14 The spirit of a man will readily bear
+his disease; but a depressed spirit who can
+bear ?
+
+1;") The heart of the man of understanding
+will obtain knowledge; and the ear of the
+wise seeketh knowledge.
+
+16 A man's gift maketh room for him, and
+before great men will it lead him.
+
+17 He that is first in his cause seemeth
+just; but when his neighbour cometh, then
+will it be investigated."
+
+18 The lot causeth disputes to cease, and
+it decideth'' between the mighty.
+
+19 A brother offended is harder (to be
+won) than a strong town ; and quarrels
+(among brothers) are like the Ijars of a
+castle.
+
+20 From the fruit of a man's mouth Ls his
+body satisfied: with the product of his lips
+doth he satisfy himself
+
+21 Death and life are in the power of the
+tongue, and they that love it will eat its
+fruit.
+
+22 Whoso hath found a wife hath found
+happiness, and hath obtained favour from the
+Lord.
+
+23 The poor speaketh entreatmgly ; but
+the rich answereth roughly.
+
+24 A man's many companions are hurtful"
+to him; but there is many a friend that
+cleaveth closer than a 1)rother.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 Better is the poor that walketh in his
+integrity, than one of perverse lips, who is
+a fool.
+
+2 Also in the want of knowledge in the
+soul there is nothing good; and he that
+hasteneth with his feet misseth the right
+path.
+
+3 The folly of a man perverteth his way,
+and against the Lord will his heart rage.
+
+
+' Meaning, when a man relates his cause to a judge he
+can make his own side appear just; but when his oppo-
+nent comes, then can the matter be properly investigated.
+Hence, no judge should listen to an accusation till both
+parties are before him, that he may be impartial.
+
+" Lit. " separateth."
+
+° Ralbag, Arnheim, &c.
+
+* So is the Kerih; but Philippson, and so Jonathan
+and others, render the Kftib x'?, "should he pui'sue pro-
+
+
+4 Wealth bringeth many friends; Init the
+poor becometh separated from his (only)
+friend.
+
+5 A false witness shall not remain unpu-
+nished, and he that uttereth lies shall not
+escape.
+
+6 Many will entreat the favour of the
+liberal man; and every one is the friend to
+him that bestoweth gilts.
+
+7 All the brothers of the poor hate him:
+how much more do his friends go far away
+from him! he pursueth (their) promises; but
+these are (all) that he hath.''
+
+8 He that getteth intelligence lovetli his
+own soul: he that guardeth understanding
+will find happiness.
+
+9 A false witness shall not remain unpu-
+nished, and he that uttereth lies shall perish.
+
+10 Delicacy is not seemly for a fool: much
+less for a servant to have rule over princes.
+
+11 It is intelligence in man to be slow in
+his anger, and it is his glory to pass over a
+transgression.
+
+12 Like the roaring of a young lion is the
+wrath of a king: as dew upon the hei'bs is
+his favour.
+
+13 A calamity unto his father is a foolish
+son; and a continual dropping are the quar-
+rels of a wife.
+
+14 House and wealth are an inheritance
+from fathers; but from the Lord (cometh)
+an intelligent wife.
+
+15 Slothfulness casteth (man) into a
+deep sleep; and an indolent soul will suffer
+hunger.
+
+16 He that observeth the commandment
+guardeth his own soul; but he that disre-
+gardeth (directing) his ways (aright) shall
+die.
+
+17 He lendeth unto the Lord that is libe-
+ral to the poor, and his good deed will he
+repay unto him.
+
+18 Chastise thy son, for there is hope; and
+let not thy soul spare (him) tor his crying."
+
+19 A man of great fury must suffer punish-
+
+mises, (i. e. those frequently made him,) he cannot find
+them any more."
+
+' Ralbag, in'an hamitho for hcim/ntho. Raslii, "but
+do not let thy passion rise to smite him so that he die."
+Arnheim, " Chastise thy son while there is yet hope ; and
+thou wilt then not desire to slay him." Philippson,
+nearly like Rashi, "and do not let thy soul crave to slay
+him." Thus advising moderate but not cruel punish-
+ment.
+
+811
+
+
+meiit ; for if thou deliver him, thou must still
+do it again."
+
+20 Hearcounsel, and accept correction, in or-
+der tliat thou mayest be wise in thy latter end.
+
+21 There are many thoughts in a man's
+heart; but the counsel of the Lord alone
+will stand firm.
+
+22 The longing of a m.an is (to exercise)''
+his kindness; and a poor man is better than
+a liar.
+
+2.3 The fear of the Lord leadeth unto life:
+and he (that hath it) shall abide satisfied; he
+shall not be visited with evil.
+
+24 When a slothful man hath hidden his
+hand in the dish," then will he not even
+bring it back to his mouth.
+
+25 Smite a scorner, and the simple will
+become prudent; and if one that hath under-
+standing be admonished, he will understand
+knowledge.
+
+20 He that plundereth his father, and
+chaseth away his mother, is a son that bring-
+eth shame and dishonour.
+
+27 Cease, my son, to hear the instruction
+that causeth (thee) to err from the sayings of
+knowledge.''
+
+28 An ungodly witness scorneth at justice,
+and the mouth of the wicked swalloweth
+mischief.
+
+29 Punishments are prepared for scorners,
+and stripes for the back of fools.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is noisy;
+and whosoever indulgeth therein will never
+be wise.
+
+2 Like the roaring of a young lion is the
+dread of a king: whoso provoketh him to
+anger sinneth against his own soul.
+
+3 It is an honour for a man to cease from
+■,v contest; but every fool enrageth himself
+
+4 Because it is winter's cold, will the slug-
+gard not plough: when he therefore seeketh
+in the harvest time, there will be nothing.
+
+
+PROVERBS XIX. XX.
+
+5 Like deep water is counsel in the heart
+
+
+" Aben Ezra. Raslii renders, " if thou save thy enemy
+when thou seest evil coming to him, thou wilt prolong thy
+years."
+
+'' Aben Ezra. Rashi, "the good-will of the world for a
+man is his kindness." Philippson, "In accordance with
+a man's desire is what he lovcth."
+
+° Rashi; meaning, when, as thi^y do in the East, they
+Bit round the dish to take out tlie meat with their fingers,
+the slntlifiil lias put his hand iu it, he is too lazy to
+812
+
+
+of man ; but the man of understanding will
+draw it out.
+
+6 Most men will proclaim every one his
+own kindness f but who can find a faithful
+man ?
+
+7 The righteous walketh in his integrity:
+happy will be his children after him.
+
+8 A king that sitteth on the throne of
+justice scattereth away with his eyes all evil.
+
+9 Who can say, I have made my heart
+pure, I am cleansed from my sin?
+
+10 Divers weights, and divers measures,
+are both of them alike an abomination of the
+Lord.
+
+11 Even a child maketh himself known
+by his doings, whether his work will be pure,
+and whether it will be upright.
+
+12 The ear that heareth, and the eye that
+seeth, the Lord hath made both of them
+alike.
+
+13 Love not sleep, lest thou come to po-
+verty : open thy eyes, so wilt thou be satisfied
+with bread.
+
+14 It is bad, it is bad, saith the buyer;
+but when he is gone his way, then doth he
+boast.
+
+15 There is gold, and a multitude of
+pearls; but a precious vessel are the lips of
+knowledge.
+
+16 Take away his garment, because he hath
+become surety for a stranger; and on account
+of a strange woman take a pledge from him.
+
+17 Bread of fixlsehood is pleasant to a man;
+but afterward his mouth will be fdled with
+gravel-stones.
+
+18 Plans are established by counsel; and
+with wise reflection conduct war.
+
+19 He that goeth about as a talebearer re-
+vealeth secrets: therefore meddle not with
+him that enticeth with his lips.
+
+20 Whoso curseth his father or his mother
+— his lamp shall be quenched in obscure
+darkness.
+
+
+0th.
+
+
+'bo-
+
+
+bring it back to his mouth with the food.
+som."
+
+^ Aben Ezra. Rashi, "Cease, my son, to go astray
+from the sayings of knowledge to hear correction." Phi-
+lippson, "Cease but once, my son, to hear correction,
+thou wilt soon go astray," &c.
+
+" Ralbag and Aben Ezra; but Rashi, "Most men will
+rely on their friends who promise them kindness in
+their necessity," &c.
+
+
+PROVERBS XX. XXT.
+
+
+21 An inheritance hastily gotten" at the
+beginning will at its end not be blessed.
+
+22 Do not say, I will recompense evil;
+(but) wait on the Lord, and he will help
+thee.
+
+23 Divers weights are an abomination of
+the Lord; and a deceitful l)alance is not good.
+
+24 From the Lord are the steps of man
+(ordained) ; but man — how can he under-
+stand his own way?
+
+25 It is a snare to a man to sanctify things
+hastily,'' and to make inquiry only after hav-
+ing made vows.
+
+2G A wise king scattereth the wicked, and
+turneth over them the threshing-wheel.''
+
+27 A lamp of the Lord is the soul of man,
+searching all the inner chambers of the body.
+
+28 Kindness and truth will watch over a
+king, and he will prop up through kindness
+his throne.
+
+29 The ornament of young men is their
+strength ; and the glory of old men is a hoary
+head.
+
+30 The bruises of a wound are cleansing
+means for the bad, and stripes (will reach)
+the inner chambers of the Ijody.
+
+CHAPTER XXL
+
+1 Like brooks of water is a king's heart in
+the hand of the Lord : whithersoever it pleas-
+eth him doth he turn it.
+
+2 Every way of a man is straight in his
+own eyes ; but the Lord weigheth the hearts.
+
+3 To exercise righteousness and justice is
+more acceptable to the Lord than sacrifice.
+
+4 Haughtiness of the eyes, and an immo-
+derate heart, are the sinful field' of the
+wicked.
+
+5 The plans of the diligent tend only to
+plenty; but every hasty man is (destined)
+only to want.
+
+6 The getting of treasures by a tongue of
+falsehood is like the fleeting breath of those
+that seek death.
+
+7 The robbery of the wicked will drag
+them away; because they refuse to execute
+justice.
+
+" So the Kcii; but the Ketib, "accursed at the begin-
+
+' Arnheim, Herxheimer, and Philippson. Aben Ezra,
+"tn devour what is holy."
+
+° He threshes them in his anger, as the wheel does the
+grain on the threshing-floor.
+
+
+8 Perverse is the way of the man that is
+estranged (from goodness) ; but as fur the
+pure, his work is upright.
+
+9 It is better to dwell in a corner of a
+roof, than with a quarrelsome woman in a
+roomy" house.
+
+10 The soul of the wicked longeth for evil :
+his neighbour fiudeth no grace in his e3es.
+
+11 When the scorner is punished, the sim-
+ple is made wise : and when the wise is
+taught intelligence, he I'eceiveth knowledge.
+
+12 The righteous*^ regardeth attentively
+the house of the wicked; (but God) over-
+turneth the wicked into unhappiness.
+
+13 Whoso stoppeth his ears against the
+cry of the poor, he also will cry himself, but
+shall not be answered.
+
+14 A gift in secret pacifieth anger, and a
+bribe in the bosom,'^ strong fury.
+
+15 It is joy to the righteous to execute
+justice; but it is a terror to wrong-doers.
+
+16 The man that wandereth astray out of
+the way of intelligence shall rest in the as-
+sembly of the departed.
+
+17 He that loveth pleasure'' will be a man
+of want: he that loveth wine and oil will not
+become rich.
+
+18 The wicked shall be a ransom for the
+righteous, and the treacherous shall be put
+in the stead of the npriglit.
+
+19 It is better to dwell in a desert land,
+than with a quarrelsome and vexatious wo-
+man.
+
+20 There are a desirable treasure and oil
+in the dwelling of the wise; but a foolish
+man will swallow it up.
+
+21 He that pursueth righteousness and
+kindness will find life, righteousness, and ho-
+nour.
+
+22 A wise man scaloth the city of the
+mighty, and casteth down the strength in
+which they trusted.
+
+23 Whoso guardeth his mouth and his
+tongue guardeth his soul against distresses.
+
+24 The presumptuous and proud, scorner
+is his name, dealeth in the wi-ath of presump-
+tion.
+
+^ Jonathan, "and the light of the wicked is sin;" i:
+ni'er as nair.
+
+" Lit. "a house of society," ('. c where many can dwell
+' Rashi refers "Righteous" also to God.
+« I. e. Privately conveyed, unseen by men.
+
+
+■■ Lit. "joy."
+
+
+813
+
+
+PROVERBS XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+25 The longing of the slothful will kill
+him; for his hands refuse to labour.
+
+26 All the day he feeleth a great longing;
+but the righteous giveth and withholdeth
+not.
+
+27 The sacrifice of the wicked is an abo-
+mination: how much more, when he bringeth
+it with a sinful purpose?"
+
+28 A lying witness shall perish; but the
+man that is obedient* (to the law) can speak
+for ever.
+
+29 A Avicked man showeth impudence in
+his face; but as for the upright, he will con-
+sider well his way.
+
+30 There is no wisdom nor understanding
+nor counsel against the Lord.
+
+31 The horse is prepared for the day of
+battle; but with the Lord is the victory.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 A good name is preferable to abundant
+riches, and good grace, to silver and to gold.
+
+2 The rich and poor meet together: the
+Lord is the maker of them all.
+
+3 The prudent foreseeth the evil, and hid-
+eth himself; but the simple pass on, and are
+punished.
+
+4 The reward of humility (and)" the fear
+of the Lord are riches, and honour, and life.
+
+5 Thorns and snares are on the way of a
+perverse man: he that doth guard his soul
+will keep far from them.
+
+6 Train up the lad in accordance with his
+course:'' even when he groweth old, will he
+not depart from it.
+
+7 A rich man ruleth over the poor, and
+the borrower is servant to the man that
+lendeth.
+
+8 He that soweth injustice will reap wrong-
+doing; and the rod of God's wrath will not
+fail."
+
+' Jonathan, "in sin." Philippson, "with a scandalous
+act."
+
+' Rashi, who refers this obedience specially to the
+prohibition of false testimony. Rosenmuller, "who saith
+what he hath heard."
+
+° Rashi and other commentators do not supply anr?,
+but give : " the reward of humil'ity are the fear of the
+Lord," &c.
+
+■^ ?'. e. According to his peculiar character and capacity;
+ilirccting thus the parent to watch over the early deve-
+bipmcnt of the mind, and to correct any vicious propen-
+sity. Eng. ver., "Train up a child in the way he should
+
+8H
+
+
+9 A man of a benevolent eye will indeed be
+blessed; for he giveth of his bread to the poor.
+
+10 Drive away the scorner, and strife will
+go off; and then will cease contention and
+dishonour.
+
+11 He that loveth wath a pure heart, and
+hath grace on his lips, will have the king as
+his friend.
+
+12 The eyes of the Lord guard knowledge,''
+and he overturneth the words of the treach-
+erous.
+
+13 The slothful saith. There is a lion with-
+out, in the midst of the streets shall I be
+murdered.
+
+14 A deejj pit is the mouth of adulterous
+women: he that hath obtained the indignar
+tion of the Lord will foil thereinto.
+
+15 When folly is bound fost to the heart
+of a lad, the rod of correction must remove it
+for from him.
+
+16 He that oppresseth the poor to increase
+his riches, (must at length)" give to the rich,
+and come only to want.
+
+17 Incline thy ear, and hear the words of
+the wise, and apply thy heart unto my know-
+ledge.
+
+18 For it is a pleasant thing if thou keep
+them within thy bosom, if they be altogether
+firmly seated upon thy lips.
+
+19 That thy trust may he in the Lord,
+have I made them known to thee this day,
+yea, even to thee.
+
+20 Have not I written for thee excellent
+things in counsels and knowledge,
+
+21 That I might make thee know recti-
+tude, the sayings of truth ; that thou mightest
+bring back answers of truth to those that
+send thee?
+
+22 ^ Rob not the poor, because he is poor,
+neither crush the afflicted in the gate ;''
+
+23 For the Lord will plead their cause,
+
+"Philippson; lit. " will be complete." Arnheim, "he
+completeth the rod of his own punishment." Rashi,
+"the rod with which he exerciscth his wrathful rule shall
+fail," /. e. come to an end. The difficulty is in the word
+hSd which is generally intransitive.
+
+' Arnheim, "the wise," as though it road n;n ty'X
+"the man of knowledge."
+
+^ Rashi. Jonathan, " He that oppresseth the poor
+heapeth upon himself shame; he that giveth to the rich,
+will procure himself want." Ralbag, "He that oppre.-is-
+eth the poor niaketh him rich, (i. e escitcth him to
+more labour;) he that giveth to the rich bringeth him
+to want," ' i- e. In the court of justice,
+
+
+PROVERBS XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+and despoil the life of those that despoil
+them.
+
+24 Make no friendship with a man given
+to anger; and with a man of fury thou must
+have no intercourse:
+
+25 Lest thou learn his ways, and get a
+snare for thy own soul.
+
+2(3 Be not one of those that pledge their
+hand, or of those that are sureties for debts.
+
+27 If thou have nothing to pay, why
+should he take away thy bed from under
+thee?
+
+28 Remove not the ancient landmark,
+which tliy fathers have established.
+
+29 Seest thou a man that is diligent in his
+work? before kings may he place himself:
+let him not place himself before obscure men.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 When thou sittest to eat with a ruler,
+consider diligently what is before thee;
+
+2 For thou puttest a knife to thy throat,
+if thou be a man of a craving desire.
+
+3 Do not long for his savoury meats; for
+they are deceitful food.
+
+4 Fatigue thyself not to become rich : be-
+cause thoxi hast understanding, forljear."
+
+5 When thou lettest merely thy eyes fly
+over it, it is no more; for it will ever
+make itself wings: like an eagle will it fly
+toward heaven.
+
+6 Tl Eat not the bread of a man with an
+evil eye, and do not long for his savoury
+meats ;
+
+7 For as though there were a division'' in
+his soul, so doth he act: Eat and drink, saith
+he to thee; but his heart is not with thee.
+
+8 Thy morsel which thou hast eaten must
+thou spit out, and thou hast wasted thy plea-
+sant words.
+
+9 Speak not before the ears of a fool; for
+he will despise the intelligence of thy words.
+
+10 Remove not the ancient landmark, and
+into the fields of the fatherless must thou not
+enter ;
+
+
+"Jonathan. Others, "leave off thy resolves." Eng.
+ver., "cease from thine own wisdom."
+
+^ Herxheimer. Jonathan, " As though there were a
+high gate, so is it in his soul." Arnheim, "For like one
+who weigheth something which may cost his life, so is he."
+Rashi, "As though one were to pour bitterness in his
+soul." All these opinions are founJed upou the supposed
+meaning of the word ^y& found here alone as a verb.
+
+
+11 For their redeemer is strong; he will
+indeed plead their cause with thee.
+
+12 Apply thy heart unto instruction, and
+thy ears to the sayings of knowledge.
+
+13 Withhold not from a lad correction;
+for if thou beat him with the rod, he will not
+die.
+
+14 Thou wilt indeed beat him with the
+rod; but thou wilt deliver his soul from per-
+dition."
+
+15 My son, if thy heart be wise, my heart
+shall rejoice, even mine.
+
+16 And my reins shall exult when thy
+lips speak what is equitable.
+
+17 Let not thy heart be envious'^ against
+sinners; but (remain) in the fear of the Lord
+all the time.
+
+18 For surely there is a future, and thy
+hope will not be cut oIF.
+
+19 Hear thou, my son, and become wise,
+and guide thy heart on the right way.
+
+20 Be not among those that drink wine
+immoderately, among those that over-indulge
+in eating flesh ;
+
+21 For the drunkard and the glutton will
+come to poverty; and drowsiness clotheth a
+man in rags.
+
+22 Hearken unto thy fiither that hath be-
+gotten thee, and despise not thy mother al-
+though" she be old.
+
+23 Buy the truth and sell it not; (also)
+wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.
+
+24 The fiither of the righteous will be
+greatly glad, and he that Ijegetteth a wise
+child will have joy through him.
+
+25 Let (then) thy father and thy mother
+rejoice, and let her that hath born thee be
+glad.
+
+26 Give, my son, thy heart unto me, and
+let thy eyes watch' my ways.
+
+27 For a harlot is a deep ditch, and a
+strange woman is a narrow well.
+
+28 She also lieth in wait like a robber,
+and she increaseth the treacherous^ among
+men.
+
+
+° Rendered elsewhere "grave," "nether world," or
+"hell."
+
+* Philippson, "Do not excite thyself about sinners, but
+rather about the fear," &c.
+
+" Aben Ezra. Arnheim and Eng. ver., "when she is."
+Philippson, "because."
+
+' The Kefib would require, " have pleasure on my ways."
+
+8 Philippson, "who act treacherously against men."
+
+81§
+
+
+PROVERBS XXIII. XXIV.
+
+
+29 Who liath wo? who hath sorrow? who
+hath quarrels? who hath complaints? who
+hath wounds without cause? who hath red-
+ness of eyes ?
+
+30 They that tarry late over the wine:
+they that come to seek for mixed drink.
+
+31 Do not look on the wine when it look-
+etli red, when it giveth its colour" in the cuj),
+when it glideth down so readily.
+
+32 At the last it will bite like a serpent,
+and like a basilisk will it sting.
+
+33 Thy eyes will see strange forms, and
+thy heart will speak perverse things.
+
+34 And thou wilt be like one that lieth
+down in the heart of tlie sea, or as he that
+lieth on the top of a mast.''
+
+35 "They smote me, (but) I suffered no
+pain; they struck me hard, (but) I felt it
+not: when shall I awake? I will continue to
+seek it again."
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 Be thou not envious of bad men, and do
+not long to be with them
+
+2 For their heart meditate th destruction,
+and of mischief do their lips speak.
+
+3 Through wisdom is a house built; and
+through understanding is it firmly established ;
+
+4 And through knowledge are chambers
+filled with all manner of precious and plea-
+sant wealth.
+
+5 A wise man is (always) in power; and a
+man of knowledge fortifieth (his) strength.
+
+6 For by wise counsel canst thou conduct
+thy war; and there is help'' in a multitude of
+counsellors.
+
+7 Wisdom is too high for a fool : in the
+gate can he not open his mouth.
+
+8 Him that deviseth to do evil, men call a
+master of wicked devices.
+
+9 The counsel'' of folly is sin; and an abo-
+mination to men is the seorner.
+
+10 If tliou despond" on the day of dis-
+tress, thy strength is small.
+
+
+' Others, "as it castotli its beads in the cup."
+•• Jonathan, "like the pilot that sloepcth at the helm."
+Thilippson, "like one that sicepoth in front of the rud-
+der."
+
+° Comp. xi. 14; xx. 18.
+* Rashi. Others, "the thought."
+' liaslii, "If thou liast let thy friend sink," &c.
+' Jonathan, taking DX not as usual for "if," but as an
+unusual affirmative. Some, however, connect this verse
+810
+
+
+11 Deliver those that are taken unto death,
+and those that are moved away to the slaugh-
+ter hold back.*^
+
+12 If thou shouldst say. Behold, we know
+not this man : lo, he that weigheth hearts
+will truly regard it, and he that keepeth thy
+soul will surely know it; and he will give a
+recompense to man according to his doing.
+
+13 Eat honey, my son, because it is good;
+and the fine honey, which is sweet to thy
+palate :
+
+14 So obtain the knowledge of wisdom for
+thy soul; when thou hast found her, then
+shall there be a (hapj^y) future,- and thy hope
+shall not be cut off.
+
+15 Lie not in wait, 0 wicked man! against
+the dwelling of the righteous ; waste not his
+resting-place ;
+
+IG For though tlie righteous were to fall
+seven times, he will rise up again; but the
+wicked shall stumble into misfortune.^
+
+17 At the fall of thy enemy do not rejoice;
+and at his stumbling let not thy heart be
+glad :
+
+18 Lest the Lord see it, and it be displeas-
+ing in his eyes, and he turn away from him
+his wrath.
+
+19 Fret not thyself because of evil-doers,
+neither be thou envious of the wicked ;
+
+20 For there will be no (happy) future for
+the bad man: tlie lamp of the wicked will be
+quenched.
+
+21 My son, fear the Lord and the king:
+with those that are desirous to change do not
+mingle thyself;
+
+22 For suddenly will their calamity arise ;
+and who knoweth the ruin of both of
+them ?
+
+23 These things also are for the wise.*"
+To have respect of persons in judgment is
+not good.
+
+24 Him that saith unto the wicked. Thou
+art righteous, will the people denounce, him
+will nations hold accursed;
+
+
+with the preceding, "thy strength is small if thou for-
+bearest," &c. Arnheiui eonnects the end of this with
+the next verse, thus: "if thou shouldest forbear, sayiftg,
+behold," &c.
+
+^ Ralbag, "will stumble through one mishap."
+^ So the ancient commentators: "These sentences
+which follow are to be regarded by the wise." But the
+moderns take this as a heading for a small collection of
+proverbs, and render, "Also these are from the wise."
+
+
+ARTA>;EK'>:E;iS I-ROCLAIMING KKEEDOM to the JEVvS.
+
+
+PROVERBS XXIV. XXV.
+
+
+25 But to those that punish" deli-ht shall
+be .given, and upon them shall come the
+blessing of the good.
+
+26 Men will kiss the lips of him that giv-
+eth a proper answer.
+
+27 Prepare without thy work, and make
+it fit in the field for thyself:'' and afterward
+build thy house.
+
+28 Be not without cause a witness against
+thy neighbour; for wouldst thou beguile
+with thy lips?
+
+29 Say not, As he hath done to me so will
+I do to him: I will recompense every man
+according to his doing.
+
+30 By the field of a slothful man I once
+pas.sed along, and by the vineyard of a man
+void of sense :
+
+31 And, lo, it was all grown over with
+thorns, nettles had covered its surface, and
+its stone-wall was broken down.
+
+32 And when I had indeed beheld (this)
+I took it to my heart: I saw it, and received
+a warning.
+
+83 "A little (more) sleep, a little slumber,
+a little folding of the hands in lying down;"
+
+34 But then will thy povert_y come like a
+rover; and thy wants as a man armed with
+a shield.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ][ Also these are the proverbs of Solo-
+mon, which the men of Hezekiah the king of
+Judali have collected.
+
+2 It is the honour of God to conceal a
+thing; but the honour of kings is to search
+out a matter.
+
+3 As are the heavens for height, and the
+earth is for depth, so should the heart of
+kings be unsearchable.
+
+4 Take away the dross from the silver,
+and there will come forth a vessel for the
+melter."^
+
+5 Take away the wicked from before the
+king, and his throne will be firmly established
+in righteousness.
+
+6 Do not glorify thyself in tlie presence of
+the king, and force' thyself not into the place
+of great men ;
+
+7 For better it is that it be said unto thee,
+
+' «. e. Who punish the wicked. Others, "who admo-
+nish, in general." Arnheim, "who decide (correctly)."
+■i I'hilippson, "cultivate well thy field."
+' Others, "goldsmith," or "worker in gold and silver."
+5C
+
+
+"Come up hither," than that thou shouldst
+be put lower in the presence of the prince,
+w^hich" thy own eyes have (often) seen.
+
+8 Do not proceed to a contest hastily, lest
+(thou know not) what thou wilt Itave to do
+at its end, when thy neighbour hath put thee
+to confusion.
+
+9 Carry on thy cause with thy neighbour;
+but lay not open the secret of another:
+
+10 Lest lie that heareth it put thee to
+shame, and thy infani}- never be removed.'
+
+11 Like apples of gold among figures of'
+silver is a word spoken in a proper manner.
+
+12 As an ear-ring of gold, and a pendant of
+fine gold, so is a wise reprover toward an ear
+that listeneth.
+
+13 As the cooling of snow on a harvest-
+day, so is a fiiithful messenger to those that
+send him; for he refresheth the soul of his
+master.
+
+14 Like clouds and wind without rain, so
+is a man that vaunteth falsely of a gift.
+
+15 By long Ibrbearing is a prince persuad-
+ed, and a soft tongue breaketh bones.
+
+16 Hast thou found hone}? eat so much
+as is sulficient lor thee: lest thou consume too
+much of it, and have to vomit it forth.
+
+17 Make thy foot scarce in the house of
+thy friend : lest he have too much of thee,
+and so hate thee.
+
+18 A Ijattle-axe, and a sword, and a sharp-
+ened arrow is a man that testifieth as a false
+witness against his neighbour.
+
+19 Like a broken tooth and a foot out of
+joint, is confidence in a treacherous nuui in a
+time of distress.
+
+20 (As) he that taketh off his garment
+on a cold day, (as) vinegar is upon natron: so
+is he that singeth songs before an unhappy
+heart.
+
+21 If thy enemy be hungry, give him
+bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him
+water to drink;
+
+22 For though thou gatherest coals of fire
+upon his head, yet will the Lord repay it
+unto thee.
+
+23 The north wind bringeth forth rain : so
+doth secret talking,^ 'iiigry countenances.
+
+24 It is better to dwell in the corner of a
+
+
+" Lit. "stand."
+
+' Rashi. Jonathan, "wlmra thy eyes have seen.
+
+' Lit. "return."
+
+* Lit. "a tongue of secrecy."
+
+817
+
+
+PROVERBS XXV. XXVI.
+
+
+roof, than with a quarrelsome woman even in
+a roomy house.
+
+25 As cold water is to a fainting soul, so
+are good news from a far-off country.
+
+26 Like a turbid spring and a corrupt
+fountain, is a righteous man that giveth way
+before the wicked.
+
+27 To eat too much honey is not good: so
+is it honour to set a limit to men's honour.
+
+28 Like a city that is broken in, and is
+without walls: so is the man that hath no
+control over his spirit.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 As snow is in summer, and as rain in
+harvest : so is honour not seemly to a fool.
+
+2 As the bird (cometh) to flit away, as the
+swallow, to fly off: so will an undeserved
+curse not come (to fulfilment).
+
+3 A whip is for the horse, a bridle for the
+ass, and a rod for the fool's liack.
+
+4 Do not answer a fool accoi'ding to his
+folly, lest thou also become equal unto him.
+
+•J Answer a fool according to his folly, lest
+he be wise in his own eyes."
+
+6 He choppeth off the feet, and drinketh
+vexation,*' that sendeth important messages
+by the hand of a fool.
+
+7 Too feebly hang down" the thighs on a
+lame man : so is a parable in the mouth of
+fools.
+
+8 As is the one that bindeth a stone fast*
+in a sling, so is he that giveth honour to a
+fool.
+
+9 (As) a thorn that is come into the hand
+of a drunkard, so is a parable in the mouth
+of fools.
+
+10 A master injureth all things when he
+hireth a fool or hireth mere rovers."
+
+11 As a dog returneth to his vomit, so
+doth a fool repeat to act in his folly.
+
+12 When thou seest a man wise in his
+
+
+" Herxheimer simply explains, that we arc told not to
+answer a fool after his own manner, for that would make
+us his ecjuals; but to reply, in case our silence would in-
+duce him to become more confirmed in his conceit.
+
+'' Arnheim, lit. "violence."
+
+" Abcn Ezra. Rashi, "Too high appear the thighs of
+other men to the lame; and so is a parable difficult of
+attainment in the mouth of a fool." Philippson, "as when
+the lame lifteth up his thigh."
+
+'' Kashi, meaning, as it is useless to tie a stone which
+you mean to hurl away. Aben Ezra, "As when one
+tieth a stone in a fine garmcntj" nojl": like jOJIN, &c.
+»18
+
+
+own eyes, then is there more hope for*^ a fool
+than for him.
+
+13 The slothful saith. There is a leopard
+in the way : a lion is between the streets.
+
+14 As a door turneth upon its hinges, so
+doth the slothful upon his bed.
+
+15 Hath the slothful hidden his hand in
+the dish, it wearieth him to bring it back
+again to his mouth.
+
+16 The slothful is wiser in his own eyes,
+than seven^ men that can give wise answers.
+
+17 As is one that taketh hold of a dog by
+the ears, so is he that passing by becometh
+excited about a dispute which concerneth
+him not.
+
+18 As one fatigueth'' himself shooting off
+firebrands, arrows, and death:
+
+19 So is the man that hath cheated his
+neighbour, and saith. Behold, I am only jest-
+ing.
+
+20 Where there is no wood, the fire goeth
+out: so where there is no whisperer, strife
+is silenced.
+
+21 As char-coals are added to burning
+coals, and wood to fire: so is a contentious
+man fitted to enkindle a dispute.
+
+22 The words of a whisperer are as wounds,
+and they go down into the innermost cham-
+bers of the body.
+
+23 Like silver dross laid over an earthen
+vessel, so are burning lips with a bad heart.
+
+24 With his lips dissembleth he that hat-
+eth, and within himself layetli he up deceit:
+
+25 Though he make his voice sound
+ever so graciously, believe him not; for there
+are seven abominations in his heart.
+
+26 If one's liatred be covered by deception,
+then shall be laid bare his wickedness before
+a (whole) assembly.
+
+27 Whoso diggeth a pit will fall therein;
+and upon him that rolleth a stone, will it
+return.
+
+
+Ralbag, " As one putteth a precious stone amid common
+pebbles," from Djl "to cast stones."
+
+" Philippson. But the verse is variously rendered.
+Rashi takes 31 as "the Master of the world," SSino
+"produceth," "bringeth forth," "God who hath brought
+forth all, employeth both the fool and idlers." Others,
+"As an archer who woundeth all, is," &c.
+
+' Philippson, " to be hoped for from a fool than from
+him."
+
+*= Arnheim, "the seven wise counsellors," i. e. of state.
+
+'' Rashi, as in Gen. xlvii. 13. Others, "As a madman
+shootclh uff, "
+
+
+PROVERBS XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII.
+
+
+28 A lying tongue hatoth those that are
+crushed by it; and a flattering mouth pre-
+pareth (others') downfall.
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 Make no boast for tli3self of the coming
+day;' for thou knowest not what a day
+may bring forth.
+
+2 Let another man praise thee, and not
+thy own mouth ; a stranger, and not thy own
+lips.
+
+3 A stone hath heaviness, and the sand,
+Aveight; but a fool's wrath is heavier than
+both of them.
+
+4 Fury hath its cruelty, and anger its
+overwhelming j^ower; but who is able to
+stand before jealousy ?
+
+5 Better is open reproof than concealed
+love.
+
+6 Faithful are the wounds of a friend ; but
+deceptive'' are the kisses of an enemj-.
+
+7 The satisfied soul treadeth under foot
+fine honey; but to the hungry soul every
+bitter thing is sweet.
+
+8 As a bird that wandereth away from her
+nest, so is a man that wandereth away from
+his place.
+
+9 Oil and perfume cause the heart to re-
+joice, and so do the sweet words of a friend
+more than one's own counsel."
+
+10 Thy own friend, and thy father's friend,
+thou must not forsake ; but'' into thy bro-
+ther's house enter not on the day of thy cala-
+mitv : better is a near neighbour than a dis-
+tant brother.
+
+11 Become wise, my son, and cause my
+heart to rejoice, that I may give an answer
+to him that reproacheth me.
+
+12 The prudent foreseeth the evil, and hid-
+eth himself; but the simple pass on, and are
+punished.
+
+13 Take his garment, for he became surety
+for a stranger; and on account of an alien w^o-
+nian take a pledge of him.
+
+14 When one saluteth his friend with a
+loud voice, when rising early in the morn-
+ing, it will be counted a curse to him."
+
+
+" Hcb. "tlac day of to-morrow."
+
+•• Jonathan, "evil." Rashi, "large," /. f. burdensome.
+° Rashi. Others, "so is the friend sweet through
+hearty counsel."
+
+^ Aroheim, " then wilt thou not have need to enter," etc.
+
+
+15 A continual dropping on a very rainy
+day and a t'.ontentious woman are alike.
+
+16 He that would conceal her might con-
+ceal the wind, and as (fragrant) oil on his
+right hand, which would jjetray itseU7
+
+17 Iron is sharpened by iron: so doth a
+man shar})en himself on the countenance of
+his friend.
+
+18 Whoso guardeth the fig-tree will eat its
+fruit : so he that watcheth over his master
+will be honoured.
+
+19 As the water (showeth) to the face the
+(reflected) face : so doth the heart of man
+show itself to man.
+
+20 The nether world and the ^^lace of cor-
+ruption are never satisfied: so are the e^es
+of man never .satisfied.
+
+21 (As) the fining-pot is for silver, and
+the furnace for gold : so is a man (proved) ac-
+cording to his praise.
+
+22 Though thou shouldst pound the fool
+in a mortar, in the midst of grains of wheat
+with a pestle: still would his folly not depart
+from him.
+
+23 Endeavour to know well the appearance
+of thy flocks, direct thy attention'^ to thy
+herds ;
+
+24 For property endureth not for ever,
+nor doth the crown remain for all genera-
+tions.
+
+25 When the grass is past, young verdure
+showeth itself, and then are gathered the
+herbs of the mountains.
+
+26 The sheep are for thy clothing, and he-
+goats are the purchase-price of a field.
+
+27 And thou wilt have enough of goats'
+milk for thy food, for the food of thy house-
+hold, and the support for thy maidens.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 Every wicked fleeth when no man pur-
+sueth; but the righteous are like the confi-
+dent young lion.
+
+2 When there is transgression in a land,
+it hath many for its princes; but under a
+man of understanding and knowledge (its)
+prosperity will long continue.
+
+
+^ Obtrusivcncss being not rarely a token of insincerity.
+
+' Wind cannot bo held fast, nor can the scent or nmrk
+of oil bo concealed when poured on the hand. I'hilijjp-
+son, "and his right hand holdeth oil fast."
+
+« Heb. "set thy heart."
+
+819
+
+
+PROVERBS XXVITI. XXIX.
+
+
+3 A poor mnn'' that oppresseth the indi-
+gent is like a .sweeping rain which bringeth
+no bread.
+
+4 The)' that forsake the law praise the
+wicked; Ijut such as observe the law contend
+with them.
+
+5 Bad men understand not justice; but
+they tliat seek the Lord understand all things.
+
+6 Better is the poor that walketh in his
+intesirity, than he that is perverse in his
+ways, though he be rich.
+
+7 Wiioso keepeth the law is an intelligent
+son ; Ijut he that is a companion of gluttons
+bringeth dishonour on his fixther.
+
+8 lie that increaseth his wealth by interest
+and usury will gather it for him that will be
+kind to the poor.
+
+9 When one turneth away his ear so as
+not to listen to the law, even his prayer be-
+cometh an abomination.
+
+10 Whoso causeth the upriglit to go astray
+on an evil way, will surely fall into his own
+ditch ; but the men of integrity will inherit
+what is good.
+
+11 The rich man is wise in his own eyes;
+but the indigent that hath understanding can
+search him through.
+
+12 When the righteous exult, there is
+great splendour; but when the wicked rise
+up, a man hath to be sought for.
+
+13 lie that concealeth his transgressions
+will not prosper; l)ut whoso confesseth and
+forsaketh them will obtain mercy.
+
+14 Happy is the man that always dread-
+eth (to do evil); but he that hardeneth his
+heart will fall into unhappiness.
+
+15 As a roaring lion, and a greedy bear,
+so is a wicked ruler over an indigent people.
+
+16 The'' prince that is void of understand-
+ing is also a great oppressor; (i)ut) he that
+hateth unjust gain will prolong his days.
+
+17 Tf A man oppressed by the load of hav-
+ing shed human l)lo()d will Hee even to the
+pit: let no man hold him.
+
+18 Whoso walketh in integrity will be
+saved; but he that walketh j^erversely on
+two paths, will fall on one.°
+
+' Ra.slii, "an ignorant, judge."
+
+'' Otliprs, as an address, "0 prince, void of understand-
+ing, }iut rich in oppression! he that," &e.
+" Others, "at once."
+
+'' Arniieini, " nor tliat n man sliould transgress for," ite.
+• Abcn Ezra, and so is liie Massorctic punctuation.
+820
+
+
+19 He that tilleth his ground will have
+plenty of bread; but he that runneth after
+idle persons will have enough of poverty.
+
+20 A faithful man will abound with bless-
+ings; but he tliat maketh haste to be rich
+will not go unpunished.
+
+21 To have respect to persons is not good;
+because** even for a piece of bread will a man
+transgress
+
+22 He that is eager for wealth is a man of
+an evil eye, and he knoweth not that want
+will come upon him.
+
+23 He that reproveth a man after (my ex-
+ample)" will obtain more grace than he that
+flattereth with the tongue.
+
+24 Whoso robbeth his father or his mo-
+ther, and saith. It is no transgression, — the
+same is a companion of a destroyer.'
+
+25 He that hath an insatiable desire^ stir-
+reth up strife; but he that putteth his trust
+in the Lord will l)e al)undantly gratified.
+
+20 He that trusteth in his own sense is a
+fool; but whoso walketh in wisdom, will ever
+escape.
+
+27 He that giveth unto the poor will not
+have any want ; but he that hideth his eyes
+will have an abundance of curses.
+
+28 When the wicked rise, men conceal
+themselves; but when they perish, the right-
+eous increase.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 A man that, having received many ad-
+monitions, still hardeneth his neck, will sud-
+denly be broken, and this without remedy.
+
+2 When the righteous are in authority,''
+the people will rejoice; but wdien the wicked
+beareth rule, the people groan.
+
+3 The man that loveth wisdom causeth
+his ftxther to rejoice; but he that keepeth
+company with harlots wasteth (his) wealth.
+
+4 A king will through the exercise of jus-
+tice establish (the welfare of) a land; but one
+that loveth gifts' overthroweth it.
+
+5 A man that flattereth his neighljour
+sjireadeth a net for his steps. ;
+
+6 In the transscression of a man there is
+
+But Rashi takes 'inx adverbially, "will ultimately
+find."
+
+' Ileb. "a destroying man."
+
+^ Rashi. Philippson, "the conceited arrogant."
+
+^ Ralbag. Jonathan, "when the righteous increase."
+
+' Others, "that inipo.seth many taxes."
+
+
+PROVERBS XXIX. XXX.
+
+
+an evil" snare; but the righteous ever singeth
+and rejoiceth.
+
+7 The righteous considereth the cause of
+the indigent ; hut the wicked will not un-
+derstand the knowledge (of justice).
+
+8 Scornful me\\ will kindle (confusion) in a
+town; but the wise turn away wrath.
+
+9 If a wise man contend with a foolish
+man, whether he be angry or whether he
+laugh, (he will have) no rest.
+
+10 Men of blood hate the guiltless one;
+but the upright seek (to preserve) his life.
+
+11 A fool uttereth all his mind; but the
+wise holdeth it back.
+
+12 If a ruler listen to the word of false-
+hood, all his servants become wicked.
+
+13 The poor and the man of exactions
+meet tou;ether : the Lord enli"hteneth the
+eyes of both of them.
+
+14 When a king judgeth in truth the
+indigent, his throne shall stand firiidy for ever.
+
+15 The rod and reproof impart wisdom;
+but a lad abandoned to himself bringeth
+shame on his mother.
+
+IG With tlie increase of the wicked'' trans-
+gression increaseth; but the righteous shall
+yet look on their downfall.
+
+17 Correct thy son, and he will procure
+thee rest: yea, he will give delight unto thy
+soul.
+
+18 Without a prophetic vision a people jjc-
+come unruly; but when it observeth the law,
+then will it be happy.
+
+19 Not with words (alone) can a servant
+be connected ; for though he understand, there
+will be no response.
+
+20 Seest thou a man that is hasty in his
+words? there is more hoj^e for a fool than for
+him.
+
+21 If one rear his servant delicately from
+
+* After the Mas.soretic punctuation, llaslii and others,
+"of the bad man is (his) snare."
+
+*■ Ainheim, "When the wicked obtain authority."
+° Aben Ezra, llashi, "he will be at length a ruler."
+'' See Lev. v. i. ; he is summoned to testify, and his own
+guilt seals his lips, and thus he incurs the punishment of
+offending Heaven by his silence.
+
+" Rashi, "The snare of sin causeth terror unto man."
+' Rashi considers all these words as merely allegorical
+names applied to Solomon : Ayur, " the gatherer;" YoJcdi,
+"the dispenser," i. e. of wisdom; Ithiel, "Uod with me,"
+because he had trusted in his wisdom; Itlilel and VkknJ,
+"God is with me and I shall prevail; though I multiply
+horses, wives and gold, I shall not stumble;" and "to"
+is to be taken as concerning, and as applied to himself.
+
+
+his youth, then will he at length JHToine ns
+(his) son."
+
+22 A man of anger stirreth up strife; and
+a man of fury aboundeth in transgression.
+
+23 The pride of a man will humble him;
+but the humble in spirit will attain to honour.
+
+24 Whoso divideth with a thief hateth his
+own soul: he heareth tlie adjuration'' and
+dareth not to tell.
+
+25 The dread of man jjringeth a snare;''
+but whoso putteth his trust in the Lord will
+be upheld in safety.
+
+26 Many seek the fiiA'oiu- of a ruler; Init
+from the Lord cometh justice for man.
+
+27 An abomination of the righteous is an
+unjust man: and an al)omination of the wick-
+ed is one who is upiight in (his) way.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 ^1 The words of Agur the son of Yakeh,
+even the prophecy : the man said unto Ithiel,
+even unto Ithiel and Ukkal,'
+
+2 " Surely I am more brutish tluin any
+man, and have not the understanding of a
+common man.
+
+3 Nor have I learned wisdom, so that I
+should have knowledge of the Holy One.
+
+4 Who was it that ascended into heaven,
+and came down again? who gathered the
+wind in his fists? who bound the waters in a
+garment? who set up all the ends of the
+earth? what is his name, and what is his
+son's name, if thou knowest it?"
+
+5 Every saying of God is purified: he is
+a shield unto those that put tlieir trust in
+him.
+
+6 Do not add aught unto his words: lest
+he reprove thee, iind thou Ije found a liar.
+
+7 ^f Two things do I request of thee : deny
+them not to me before I die.
+
+
+Aben Ezra considers Ithiel and TJkkal as scholars of the
+wise man Agur named here, otherwise unknown. Phi-
+lippson believes Ithiel and Ukkal to be mere ideal names,
+like Rashi, though regarding Agur ben Yakeh as an actual
+being. He conceives the.se words to represent two classes
+of persons, the believer, " God with me," and the doubter,
+"who is to be consumed," not as Rashi, from by "to be
+able," but as from Sdx (Pual participle,) "The to-be-
+consumed." Verses 2 to 4 are then the words of the
+doubter; 5 and 7 the reply of the pious; and it is the
+same whether we take it as a self-communing or the an-
+swer of Agur to his scholars. Otherwise, they are the
+reflection of a sage who professes his inability to account
+for all things on natural ground, wherefore reliance on
+God's word becomes both duty and the best of wisdom.
+
+821
+
+
+PROVERBS XXX. XXXI.
+
+
+0 Vanity" and l^iiig words do tliou remove
+far from me; neither poverty nor riches give
+thou unto me ; let me eat the bread apjoointed
+unto me :
+
+9 Lest I become over-full, and deny thee,
+and say, "Who is the Lord? or lest I become
+poor, and steal, and trespass against the name
+of my God.
+
+10 T[ Do not calumniate a servant unto his
+master: lest he curse thee, and thou incur
+guilt.
+
+11 There is a generation that curseth its
+Aitlier, and doth not bless its mother.
+
+12 There is a generation tliat is pure in its
+own eyes, and yet is not washed (clean) of
+its filthiness.
+
+13 There is a generation — 0 how lofty are
+its eyes! and its eyelids are so lifted up.
+
+14 Thei'e is a generation, whose teeth are
+as swords, and whose cutting teeth are as
+knives, to devour the jjoor from off the earth,
+and the needy from among men.
+
+
+15 ][ Insatiability'' hath
+
+
+two daughters,
+(crying,) Give, give. There are three things
+that are never satisfied, yea, four things
+which never say. Enough :
+
+16 The netherworld; and a barren womlj;
+the earth which is not satisfied with water;
+and the fire which never saith. Enough.
+
+17 The eye that mocketh at his father,
+and despiseth to obey his mother, this shall
+the ravens of the valley pick out, and the
+young eagles shall eat it.
+
+18 ^ Three things there are which are too
+wonderful for me ; and four, which I know
+not:
+
+19 The way of the eagle in the air; the
+way of a serpent upon a rock ; the way of a
+ship in the heart of the sea; and the way of
+a man with a young woman.
+
+20 Such is the way of an adulterous wo-
+man: she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and
+saith, I have done no wrong.
+
+21 T[ Under three things the earth trem-
+
+
+* In the sense of false, unreal things.
+
+'' Philippson. nplS;> is variously explained ; some take
+it as "leech," hence "the insatiable." Rashi, "the
+nether world." Others, "fate," "vainpyre." Aben
+Ezra, nSlp;> 'Akidah "injustice." Arnhcim, as the name
+of the author "Of 'Alukah: Two daughters say, Give,
+give." Philippson takes "give, give" as the name of
+the daughters of insatiability.
+
+- Others, "The lizard takcth hold (cjf walls) with her
+hands."
+
+822
+
+
+bloth, and under four which she cannot
+bear :
+
+22 Under a servant when he becometh
+king, and a worthless fool when he hath
+eaten enough bread;
+
+23 Under an odious wonfan when she is
+married, and a bondwoman when she dis-
+possesseth her mistress.
+
+24 ^ There are four which are the little
+ones of the earth, and they are nevertheless
+exceedingly wise :
+
+25 The ants are a people not strong, there-
+fore do they prepare in the summer their
+food ;
+
+26 The conies are but a feeble people,
+therefore do they place on the rocks their
+houses ;
+
+27 The locusts have no king, and yet they
+go forth in troops altogether;
+
+28 The spider*" thou canst catch with
+(thy) hands, and yet she is in the palaces
+of a king.
+
+29 ^ Three there are that have a stately
+step, and four, that are stately in going:
+
+30 The lion, the mightiest among beasts,
+who turneth not round from before any
+one;
+
+31 The light-legged greyhound,'' and the
+he-goat;" and a king, against whom there is
+no rising up.*^
+
+32 If thou hast become degraded by lifting
+up thj'self, or if thou hast devi.sed evil, put
+thy hand to thy mouth ;
+
+33 For the pressure^ of milk bringeth forth
+butter, and the pressure of the nose bringeth
+forth blood : so the pressure of wrath bring-
+eth forth strife.
+
+CHAPTER XXXL
+
+1 T[ The words of king Lemuel,"" the pro-
+phecy with which his mother instructed him.
+
+2 What (hast thou done),' 0 my son? and
+what, 0 son of my body? and what, 0 son
+of my vows ?
+
+* Others, "the horse girded around the loins."
+
+° Others, "the leading-wether," who goes before the
+flock.
+
+' Dlp'^N. Others, "people," with whom the people
+are.
+
+^ Butter is said to be produced in the East by pressing
+cream in a goat's skin.
+
+' Lcmnel, or as more correctly in ver. 4, LemoeJ,
+"given," or "devoted to God."
+
+' Rashi. Others, "what ("shall T say)?"
+
+
+PROVERBS XXXI.
+
+
+3 Give not unto women tliy vigour, nor
+thy ways to those that ruin kings.
+
+4 Not for Icings, O Lenioel, not for kings
+(is it fitting) to drink wine, nor" for princes,
+strong drinlv :
+
+5 Lest either might drink, and forget what
+is written in the Law, and pervert the cause
+of all the afflicted.
+
+6 Give strong drink unto him tliat is ready
+to perish, and wine unto those wlio have an
+embittered soul.
+
+7 Let such a one drink, and forget his
+poverty, and remember his trouble no more.
+
+8 Open thy mouth for the dumb, for the
+cause of all fiitherless children.''
+
+9 Open thy moutli, judge righteously, and
+decide the cause of the poor and needy.
+
+10 Tl Who can find a virtuous woman?
+for far above pearls is her value.
+
+11 The heart of her husband doth safely
+trust in her, and he will not see his gain"
+diminish.
+
+12 She treateth him well and not ill, all
+the days of her life.
+
+1.3 She seeketh for w^ool and flax, and
+worketh with her willing hands.
+
+14 She is become like the merchant's
+ships: from afar doth she bring her food.
+
+15 And she riseth while it is yet night,
+and giveth provision to her household, and a
+task to her maidens.
+
+16 She thinketh of a field, and buyeth it:
+with the fruit of her hands she planteth a
+vineyard.
+
+17 She girdeth with sti-ength her loins,
+and giveth vigour to her arms.
+
+° Rashi. Ralbag taking 'X as "where," gives, "It is
+not for princes to say, ' Where is strong drink?'"
+
+'' Rashi, r|Sn "to change," whcse help hath passed
+away. Aben Ezra, "who are destined to death."
+
+' Aruheim. Lit. "booty," or "t>poil."
+
+
+18 She perceiveth that her profit' is good:
+(therefore) her lamp goeth not out by night.
+
+19 She stretcheth out her hands to the
+spindle, and her palms hold fast the distaff.
+
+20 She spreadeth out wide her open palm
+to the poor : yea, her hands she stretcheth
+forth to the nt'edy.
+
+21 She hath no fear for her ln)usehold of
+the snow; for all her household are clothed
+in scarlet."
+
+22 Tapestry-covering she maketh for her-
+self: of linen and purple is her attire.
+
+23 Well known is in the gates her hus-
+band, when he sitteth with the elders of the
+land.
+
+24 Fine tunics she maketh, and selleth
+them, and girdles she furnisheth unto the
+merchant.
+
+25 Strength and dignity are her clothing:
+and she smileth at the coming of the last
+day.f
+
+26 She openeth her mouth with wisdom,
+and the law of kindness is on her tongue.
+
+27 She looketh well to the ways of her
+household, and the bread of idleness she doth
+not eat.
+
+28- Her children rise up, and call her
+blessed; her husband, also, and he praiseth
+her:
+
+29 " Many daughters have done virtuously;
+but thou excellest them all."
+
+30 False is grace, and vain is beauty: a
+woman only that feareth the Lord shall in-
+deed be praised.
+
+31 Give her of the fruit of her hands, and
+let her own works praise her in the gates.
+
+" Eng. ver., "merchandise," i. e. what the merchant
+obtains, "profit."
+
+" i. e. Woollen garments, which were coloured; in op-
+position to the linen uncoloured summer clothes.
+
+' Rashi.
+
+823
+
+
+THE BOOK OF JOB,
+
+
+3VK -li3D.
+
+
+CHAPTER T.
+
+1 ^1 There was a man in the land of 'Uz,
+Job" was bis name; and this man was per-
+fect and upright, and fearing God, and
+eschewing eviL
+
+2 And tliere were born unto hitn seven
+sons and three daughters.
+
+3 And his cattle consisted of seven thou-
+sand sheej), and three thousand camels, and
+five hundred yoke of oxen, and five hundred
+she-asses, and he had a very great store of
+servants I*" .so that this num was greater than
+all the sons of the east.
+
+4 And his sons used to go and prepare a
+feast in the house of every one on his day;
+and they sent and invited their three sisters
+to eat and to drink with them.
+
+5 And it happened, when the days of the
+feast were .gone round, that Job sent and
+sanctified them, and he then rose up early in
+the morning, and offered burnt^offerings ac-
+cording to the number of all of them; for Job
+said. It may be that my sons have sinned,
+and have renounced" God in their heart. In
+this maimer used Job to do all the time.
+
+G Now it happened on a certain day, when
+tlie sons of God came to present themselves
+before the Lord, that the Accuser also came
+in the midst of them.
+
+7 Then said the Lord unto the Accuser,
+Whence comest thou? And the Accuser an-
+swered the Lord, and said. From roaming
+over the earth, and from wandering through
+it.
+
+8 Then said the Lord unto the Accuser,
+Hast thou directed thy attention'' toward my
+servant Job; for there is none like him on the
+earth, a man perfect and upright, who fear-
+eth God, and escheweth evil?
+
+" Properly, Tyt/olj.
+
+" Others, "agriculture." (See Gon. xxvi. 14.)
+' 113 certainly can mean "blaspheme," as in 1 Kings
+x.xi. 10; but it means also to bless at parting, to say,
+"farewell;" heuce, "renounce," and afterward to "blas-
+
+
+9 Then answered the Accuser the Lord,
+and said, Is it for nought that Job feareth
+God?
+
+10 Behold, thou hast indeed placed a fence
+about him, and about his house, and about
+all that he hath, on every side: the work of
+his hands hast thou Ijlessed, and his cattle are
+far spread out in the land.
+
+H But stretch only forth thy hand and
+touch all that he hath, and (see) whether he
+will not renounce thee to thy face.
+
+12 Then said the Lord unto the Accuser,
+Behold, all that is his be in thy power;" only
+against Iiimself slialt thou not stretch forth
+thy hand. The Accuser went thereupon
+away from the presence of the Lord.
+
+13 And it happened on a certain day, when
+his sons and his daughters were eating and
+drinking wine in the house of their first-born
+brother,
+
+14 That a messenger came unto Job, and
+said. The oxen were ploughing, and the she-
+asses were feeding beside them :
+
+15 When the Sabeans made an incursion,
+and took them away, and the young men
+they slew with the edge of the sword ; and I
+am escaped, none but my.self alone, to tell it
+unto thee.
+
+IG This one was yet speaking, when an-
+other came, and said, A fire of God fell from
+heaven, and burnt among the sheep and the
+young men, and consumed them; and I am
+I escaped, none but myself alone, to tell it unto
+thee.
+
+17 This one was yet speaking, when an-
+other came, and said. The Chaldeans posted
+themselves in three divisions, and made an
+inroad against the camels, and took them
+away, and the young men they slew with
+the edge of the sword; and 1 am escaped,
+
+pheme," to ".speak disrespectfully," or "bidding farewell
+to allegiance" to God or the civil government. Rashi
+and Aben Ezra give "blasphemed." Jonathan, "made
+^"SO' " ' Lit. "Ilast thou set thy iieart upon."
+
+« Hcb "liMud "
+
+
+JOB I. II. III.
+
+
+none luit iiivsclf mIuhc. fo tdl it unto
+tlico.
+
+18 While thi.s one was yet speaking, there
+came also another, and sai<l. Thy sons and
+thy daughters were eating and drinking wine
+in the house of their (irst-born brother :
+
+19 When, behold, a violent wind came
+from the direction of the wilderness, and
+Ktruek against the four corners of the house,
+so that it fell upon the _yonng men, and they
+died ; and I am escaped, none but myself
+alone, to tell it unto thee.
+
+20 Then arose Job, and rent his robe, and
+shaved his head, and fell down upon tlie
+ground, and prostrated himself,
+
+21 And he said, Naked came I out of my
+mother's womb, and naked shall I return
+thither:" the Lord gave, and the Lord hath
+taken away; may the name of the Lord be
+blessed.
+
+22 With all this did Job not sin, and at-
+tributed no injustice to God.''
+
+CHAPTER n.
+
+1 ^ And it happened (again) on a certain
+day, when the sons of God came to present
+themselves before the Lord, that the Accuser
+also came in the midst of them to present
+himself before the Lord.
+
+2 Then said the Lord unto the Accuser,
+Whence comest thou now? And the Accuser
+answered the Lord, and said, From roaming
+over the earth, and from wandering through
+it.
+
+3 Then said the Lord unto the Accuser,
+Hast thou directed thy attention toward my
+servant Job; for there is none like him on
+the earth, a man perfect and upright, who
+feareth God, and escheweth evil? and he is
+still holding fast to his integrity, and thou
+hast incited me against him, to destroy him
+without cause.
+
+4 Then answered the Accuser the Lord,
+
+" The general mother — the earth.
+
+^ Rashi. Others, " he uttered nothing offensive to
+God."
+
+" Rashi comments, "Limb for limb; this is the way of
+man when he sees a sword extended over his head, he
+will ward it off with his arm; how much more will he be
+likely to yield all his wealth to save his life; and this
+one well knoweth within himself that he is guilty, there-
+fore ho grieveth not for his money;" and we may add,
+"for his children, as nothing is so dear to a man as his
+own life."
+
+5 D
+
+
+and said. Skin for .skin:" yea, all that a man
+hath will he give in behalf of his life.
+
+5 But stretch only forth thy hand, and
+touch his bone and his ilesh, and (see) whe-
+ther he will not renounce thee to thy face.
+
+6 Then said the Lord unto the Accuser,
+Behold, he is in thy hand: only take care of
+his life.
+
+7 Thereupon went the Accuser forth from
+the presence of the Lord, and he smote Job
+with a sore inflammation,'' from the sole of
+his foot unto the crown of his head.
+
+8 And (Job) took himself a potsherd to
+scrape himself therewith, while he was sit-
+ting down among the ashes.
+
+9 Then said his wife unto him. Art thou
+still holding i^ist to thy integrity? renounce"
+God, and die.
+
+10 But he said unto her. Thou speakest as
+one of the worthless women would speak.
+What? should we accept the good alone from
+God, and the evil we should not accept?
+With all this did Job not sin with his lips.
+
+11 ^f When now the three friends of Job
+had heard of all this evil that was come over
+him. they came every one from his own place,
+Eliphaz the Themanite. and Bildad the Shu-
+chite, and Zophar the Na'amathite; and they
+met*^ toirether to come to condole w^ith him
+and to comfort him.
+
+12 And when they lifted up their eyes afar
+off, and they recognised him not, they lifted
+up their voice, and wept; and they rent
+every one his robe, and strewed dust upon
+their heads toward heaven.
+
+13 They likewise sat down with him on
+the ground seven days and seven nights; but
+no one spoke a word unto him ; for they saw
+that his pain was very great.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+1 After this time Job opened his mouth,
+and cursed his day.
+
+^ JTHy a disease which produces a discoloration of the
+skin, inflammation of any kind; here supposed to be
+elephantiasis.
+
+° Some would render this verse, "praise God," fur
+what he has done. Others again, "say farewell;" again,
+"thank him for past favours and then die by thy own
+hand." Rashi agrees with this version of the end of the
+verse, as he says mi "is imperative." With this view
+agrees well the answer of .Job, stating it to be our duty to
+submit to the evil as well as to accept the good.
+
+' Eng. ver., "they had made an appointment," &c.
+
+825
+
+
+JOB ITT. IV.
+
+
+2 ^ And Jol) commenced, and said,
+
+3 Oh that the day whereon I was born
+might perish, and the night" Avhen it was
+said, There hath been a male child conceived.
+
+4 May that day be (covered witli) dark-
+ness; may not God from above inqnire for it,
+and may no light beam upon it.
+
+5 Oh that darkness and tlie shadow of
+death might defile'' it; may a cloud rest
+upon it; may the blackness*" of the dny ter-
+I'ify it.
+
+6 Yon night — let darkness seize upon it;
+let it not be united'' to the days of the year;
+let it not come into the number of the (pe-
+riods lighted by the) moon.
+
+7 Lo, may that night be solitary, let no
+song of joy occur thereon.
+
+8 Let those denounce it that curse the
+day, who are ready to raise up their mourning
+cry."
+
+9 Let the stars of its twilight be darkened ;
+let it hope for light, and there be none ; and
+let it not behold the eyelids of the morning-
+dawn;
+
+10 Because God closed not against me the
+doors of the womb, and thus concealed trou-
+l:)le from my eyes.
+
+11 Why did I not die (the moment I is-
+sued) from the womb ? (why) was I not born
+merely to perish at once?
+
+12 Wherefore were knees ready to receive
+me? and for what purpose were breasts
+there that I might suck?
+
+13 For now should I be lying still and
+be quiet; I should sleep: then would I be at
+rest,
+
+14 With kings and counsellors of the
+earth, who build up ruined places for them-
+selves ;
+
+15 Or with princes possessing gold, who
+fill their houses with silver;
+
+16 Or as an untimely birth, hidden (from
+view) I should not exist; as infants that
+never have seen the light;
+
+
+' Jonathan, "and the night which said."
+
+'■ Hashi and Abon Ezra. Others, "Maj' darkness, &c.
+olaiiii it back as their own ;" Snj as " to redeem from those
+who liave no equitable right of permanent possession."
+
+" llalbag. Rashi and Aben Ezra, "pestilential va-
+pours," &c.
+
+'' Others, "Let it not be glad among," &c.
+
+' Ralbag. Aben Ezra and others take m''l'7 to mean,
+as elsewhere, Tjevialhnn, a sea-mon.ster; and we should
+820
+
+
+17 There (wTierej the wicked cease from
+troubling; and where the exhausted weary
+are at rest;
+
+18 (Where) the prisoners repose together,
+(and) they hear no more the taskmaster's voice.
+
+19 The small with the great is there, and
+the servant free from his master.
+
+20 Wherefore givetli He now light to the
+labour-laden, and life unto the bitter in soul?
+
+21 Who Avait for death, which (cometh)
+not; and who dig for it sooner than for hid-
+den treasures;
+
+22 Who would rejoice even to exulting,
+who would be glad could they but find a
+grave ?
+
+23 (Why is light given) to a man whose
+way is hidden, and around whom God hatli
+placed a fence ?'^
+
+24 For before my food cometh my groan-
+ing, and like the water are poured forth my
+loud complaints.
+
+25 Because what I greatly dreaded is come
+upon me, and what I apprehended is come
+unto me.
+
+26 I have had no safety, and no quiet,
+and no rest; and (now) harrowing trouble is
+come.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ][ Then answered Eliphaz the Thema-
+nite, and said,
+
+2 If we essay^ to address a word to thee,
+wilt thou be wearied? yet who is able to re-
+frain from speaking?''
+
+3 Behold, thou hast (ere this) corrected
+many, and weak hands thou wast wont to
+strengthen.
+
+4 Him that stumbled thy words used to
+uphold, and to sinking knees thou gavest
+vigour.
+
+5 Yet now, when it cometh to thee, thou
+art wearied: it toucheth even thee, and thou
+art terrified.
+
+6 Is not then thy fear of God still thy con-
+
+
+then translate, "who are prepared to raise up the sea-
+monster," ?■. e. by their enchantments.
+
+' Meaning, barred the egress from evil; first, by hiding
+the path which he should travel, and then keeping him
+locked up within the bounds of misery.
+
+^Jonathan. Rashi, "Art thou wearied because one
+temptation hath come to thee?" Aben Ezra, no: for
+Ntyj " if we lift up our word?"
+
+'' Tjit. "who is able to reprove with words?"
+
+
+JOB IV. r.
+
+
+fidence," tliy hope equal to tlie integrity of
+thy ways?
+
+7 Remember, I pray thee, who ever perish-
+ed, being- innocent? .or where were the right-
+eous destroyed?
+
+8 Even as I have seen, that those who
+plough wrong-doing, and sow trouble, have to
+reap the same.
+
+9 Before the breathing of God they perish,
+and before the breath of his nostrils they
+come to their end.
+
+10 The roaring of the lion, and the voice
+of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young
+lions, are broken.
+
+1 1 The old lion perisheth for lack of prey,
+and the whelps of the lioness have to scatter
+themselves abroad.
+
+12 But to me a word came by stealth, and
+my ear took in a scarcely perceptible whisper
+thereof,
+
+13 In intense thoughts out of visions of
+the night, when deep sleep falleth on men :
+
+14 Dread came over me, with trembling,
+and it caused all my bones to shudder.
+
+15 Then flitted a spirit past before my
+face ; the hair of my body stood up :
+
+16 It stood still, but I could not recognise
+its form ; a iigure was before my eyes, a slight
+whisper, then a (louder) voice I heard, say-
+
+17 Can a mortal be more righteous'' than
+God? or can a man be more pure than his
+xMaker?
+
+IS Behold, in his servants he putteth no
+trust, and his angels he chargeth with folly :
+
+19 How much less in those that dwell in
+houses of clay, whose foundation is in the
+dust, who are crushed till they come to be
+eaten by" the moth?
+
+20 From morning to evening are they
+broken to pieces: without laying it (to heart)
+they perish for ever.
+
+21 Behold, their excellency which is in
+
+" Raslii, ■jnboD "thy folly," "was then thy fear, thy
+hope, the integrity of thy ways but sheer folly in thee?"
+
+' LiJwenthal and Philippson, " Is a mortal righteous be-
+fore Grod," &c.
+
+° So doth Rashi explain ■'ja'? "before."
+
+^ Arnheim and others, "the babbler."
+
+' Jonathan. Rashi makes D'DS equal to □'Nns " the
+thirsty," and translates: "some one of the thirsty will
+snatch at," &c. Philippson, " whether he fetch it out of
+thornhedges or snatch up his wealth with snares."
+
+' Aben Ezra; so also Philippson, who renders, lite-
+
+
+them is torn away: the^' die, and this with-
+out wisdom.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 Do but call : is there one that will an-
+swer thee? and to whom of the saints wilt
+thou turn thyself?
+
+2 For vexation will prove death to a fool-
+ish man, and jealousy will slay the simple.''
+
+3 I have myself seen the foolish taking
+root; but I suddenly held his habitation as
+accursed.
+
+4 His children are far from help, and men
+crush them in the gate, with no one to
+deliver them.
+
+5 (He it is) whose harvest the hungry
+eateth up. and taketh it even out of the
+thorns, and the robber* snatcheth eagerly
+after their substance.
+
+6 For wrong doth not come forth out of
+the dust, neither doth trouble grow up out of
+the ground;
+
+7 But man is born unto trouble, as young
+birds*^ take up their flight.
+
+8 I, however, would^ have besought God,
+and unto God would I have committed my
+cause ;
+
+9 Who doth great things which are un-
+searchable, marvellous things till they are
+without number;
+
+10 Who giveth rain upon the surface of
+the earth, and sendeth out waters over the
+face of the fields ;
+
+11 To set up the lowly on high, that
+those who mourn may rise high to happi-
+ness ;''
+
+12 (But) who frustrate th the plans of the
+crafty, so that their hands cannot execute
+their well-devised counsel ;
+
+13 Who catcheth the wise in their own
+craftiness; and the advice of the perverse is
+hastened on headlong;
+
+14 By day they meet with darkness, and
+
+
+rally, "as the children of the lightning (that fly with
+lightning speed) fly up high." Others, "the children
+of the flame," »'. e. the sparks. The meaning is, wrong-
+doing brings evil; men are prone to sin; hence, they
+prepare themselves trouble, just as sure as sparks, or
+birds, fly upward; but all is in strict justice.
+
+* Rashi, who comments, " Had afliiction seized on me,
+I would have entreated God with prayer and supplica-
+tion."
+
+'' Rendered elsewhere, "salvation;" here the opposite
+to mouvninff.
+
+^ b27
+
+
+JOB V. vr.
+
+
+n,s though it wore night they grope about in
+the noon of day ;
+
+15 But who saveth from the sword, from
+their mouth, and from the hand of the
+mighty, the needy one :
+
+iG And so Cometh to the indigent hope,
+and iniquity stoppeth lier mouth.
+
+17 Behold, happy is the man whom God
+admonisheth : despise then not the correction
+of the Ahnighty.
+
+18 For he it is that woundeth, and bind-
+eth up: he smiteth, and his hands do heaL
+
+19 In six distresses will he deliver thee;
+and in seven there shall no evil touch thee.
+
+20 In famine he redeemeth thee from
+death; and in war from the power of the
+sword.
+
+21 Against the scourge of the tongue shalt
+thou be hidden; and thou needest not be
+afraid of destruction when it cometh.
+
+22 At destruction and famine canst thou
+laugh; and thou needest not to have any
+fear of the beasts of the earth.
+
+23 For with the stones of the field shalt
+thou have thy covenant; and the beasts of
+the field shall be at peace with thee.
+
+24 And thou shalt know that there is
+peace in thy tent; and thou wilt look over
+thy habitation," and shalt miss nothing.
+
+25 And thou shalt know that thy seed is
+numerous, and thy oflspring as the herbage
+of the earth.
+
+26 Thou wilt go in a ripe age'' unto the
+grave, as a shock"^ of corn is carried home in
+its season.
+
+27 Behold this, we have searched it out, so it
+is : hear it, and do thou note it well for thyself
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 Oh that my vexation could be truly
+
+
+' Arnheim, "thy pasture."
+
+'' Rashi. Philippson, after Ram bam, "full of vigour."
+
+° Philippson, " when the grave's hillock is raised in its sea-
+son." ty'lJ, after Sa'adyah, not "shock," but the "grave's
+hillock." '' Aben Ezra, "the juiec of the mallow."
+
+" Philippson, who comments: "as unwillingly as a
+man tastes unsalted food, so little can the sufferer bear
+disease without complaining; Job saying this to justify
+his complaint, as being iji the nature of things, and not
+rcbellicm." Herxheimer and Eng. ver., "What ray soul
+refused to touch are now the food of my sickness."
+
+' Rashi, "I would entreat his forgiveness that he
+should not spare me." Jonathan, "thoni;h T burn in
+828
+
+
+weighed, and my calamity — oh that men
+might lift it up in the balances at once I
+
+3 For now it is already heavier than the
+sand of the sea : therefore are my words con-
+fused.
+
+4 For the arrows of the Almighty ai'c
+within me, the poison whereof my si)irit
+drinketh in : the terrors of God set them-
+selves in array against me.
+
+5 Doth the wild ass bray over the grass?
+or loweth the ox over his fodder?
+
+6 Is ever tasteless food eaten without salt?
+or is there any flavour in the white of an
+
+
+po-o*?^
+
+
+7 My soul refuseth to touch them: they
+are unto me like disgusting" food.
+
+8 Oh that some one would grant the ac-
+complishment of my request; and that God
+would grant me the fulfilment of my hope!
+
+9 Yea, that it would please God that he
+might crush me: that he would let loose his
+hand, and make an end of me!
+
+10 Then would this be still my comfort;
+yea, I would rejoice*^ in my pain while he
+would not spare : that I have not gainsaid
+the commands of the Holy One. —
+
+11 What is my strength, that I should
+wait? and what my end, that I should yet
+longer retain my patience ?*
+
+12 Is the strength of stones my strength?
+or is my flesh brazen?
+
+13 Truly, am I not without my help in
+me ? and is not wise counsel driven far away
+from me?
+
+14 As*" though I were one who refuseth
+kindness to his friend, and forsaketh the
+fear of the Almighty :
+
+15 My brothers are treacherous as a brook,
+like flowing brooks they pass along;'
+
+16 Which are made turbid'' by reason of
+the ice, wherein the snow hideth itself;
+
+
+pain and he will not spare." The various versions, "en-
+treat," "burn," and "rejoice," are given by different coni-
+^mentators of the word "no, only found in this verse.
+
+* After Rashi, taking b'SJ as "will," "desire," "plea-
+sure."
+
+"■ Rashi and Jonathan. Ralbag, "Shall the man that
+suffereth have di.sgrace from his friend, saying he hath
+for.saken," &o. Philippson and others, "To the sufferer
+kindness is due from his friend, even though he forsake
+the fear of the Almighty."
+
+' Philippson, "which overflow." Arnheim, "like the
+brooks of valleys."
+
+" Rashi would render, "which become ice by rea.son of
+
+
+JOB VI. VII.
+
+
+17 At the time when they feel the warmth,
+they vanish ; wlien it is hot, they are quench-
+ed out of their phxee.
+
+18 The paths of their course wind them-
+selves along;* they go up in the wilderness
+and are lost.
+
+19 The caravans of Thema look hither,
+the travelling companies of Sheba hope for
+them ;
+
+20 But they stand ashamed because they
+had trusted; thej- come thither and are made
+to blush.
+
+21 For truly now ye are like such a one:
+ye see my terrible state, and are afraid.
+
+22 Have I then ever said, Give me some-
+thing, and out of your property offer a l)ribe
+in ray behalf?
+
+23 And deliver me from the hand of the
+adversary? and redeem me from the hand of
+tyrants?
+
+21 Teach me, and I will indeed remain
+silent; and wherein I have erred give me to
+understand .
+
+25 How pleasant are straightforward
+words! but what doth your arguing prove?
+
+26 Do ye think to reprove'' words, and (to
+regard) as wind the speeches of one that is
+despairing?
+
+27 Yea, ye would cast any thing upon the
+fatherless, and ye would dig a pit against
+your frientl.
+
+28 But now, if it please you, turn your-
+selves toward me, and (say) whether I would
+lie before your f\ice.
+
+29 Reflect again, I pray you, there will be
+no wrong: yea, reflect once more, my right-
+eousness (will be found) therein.
+
+30 Is there any wrong on my tongue? or
+should my palate not understand (if I spoke)
+what is iniquitous?"
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 Is there not a limited time of service to
+
+the cold, which are hidden by means of the snow," which
+covers the course of the stream, so that no one can obtain
+water from it to quench his thirst.
+
+" Meaning, these brooks, being at first nearly empty,
+glide along iu the deep ravines, and at length meet the
+sands of the desert where they disappear. Philippson
+applies niniN, as in ver. 19, to caravans: "The caravans
+bend thither their way, they get into the wilderness and
+perish." Ver. 20 completes the picture : the guide as-
+sures the travellers that a stream can be found at a cer-
+tain place ; they reach it, but find it empty.
+
+
+a mortal upon earth ? are not his days also
+like the days of a hired labourer?
+
+2 As a servant ea2;erlv louiieth for the
+shadow, and as a hired labourer hopetli lor
+his reward:
+
+3 '■So was I compelled to possess months of
+vanity, and nights of trouble were counted'
+out unto me.
+
+4 When I lie down, I say, When shall I
+arise, and the nighf be gone? and I am
+wearied with tossings about till the dawn of
+day.
+
+5 My flesh is covered with worms and
+clods of dust : my skin is burst open, and be-
+come loathsome.
+
+6 My diiys hasten away more swiftly than
+a weaver's shuttle, and they come to an end in
+the absence of hope.
+
+7 Oh remember that nothing but a breath
+is my life; that my eye will not again see
+happiness;
+
+8 The eye of him that seeth me now will
+not behold me again : (thou fixest) thy eyes
+upon me, and I am no more.
+
+9 As the cloud vanisheth and passeth
+away: so will he that goeth down to the
+nether world not come up again.
+
+10 He will return no more to his house, and
+his place will not recognise him any more.
+
+11 Therefore will 1 also not restrain my
+mouth; I wiW speak in the anguish of my
+spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of
+my soul.
+
+12 Am I a sea, or a monster, that thou
+settest a watch over me?
+
+13 For should I say. My bed shall comfort
+me, my couch shall help me bear my com-
+plaint:
+
+14 Then wouldst thou frighten me with
+dreams, and with visions wouldst thou ter-
+rify me;
+
+15 ,So that my soul would choose stran-
+gling, death rather than these limbs' of mine.
+
+
+'' Rashi, "Will you prove your words, which are at last
+mere words and valueless speeches?"
+
+° These two verses are given after Rashi. Philippson
+renders the last clause, "should my palate not feel suifer-
+ings?
+
+'' Or "ordained for."
+
+" Rashi, taking ^^J,' "evening," for nVS "night," the
+beginning for the whole; but Philippson, "the evening
+extendcth itself out."
+
+' After Rashi, literally, "liones," (', e, the framework
+of the bodj'.
+
+^ P39
+
+
+JOB VII. VIII. IX.
+
+
+16 I loathe' it; I cannot live for ever: let
+nie alone; for my days are but nought.
+
+17 What is the mortal, that thou shouldst
+make hiin great? and that thou shouldst
+direct thy heart toward him ?
+
+18 And that thou shouldst visit him
+eveiy morning, probe him every moment?
+
+19 How long wilt thou not turn thy re-
+gard from me, nor let me loose till I swallow
+down my spittle ?•"
+
+20 If I have sinned, what (injury) can I
+cause unto thee, 0 thou Guardian of men?
+why hast thou set me as an object for thee
+to strike at, so that I am become a burden
+to myself?
+
+21 And why wilt thou not forgive my
+transgression, and let my iniquity pass away?
+for soon" must I lie down in the dust; and
+thou wilt seek for me, but I shall be no
+more.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 T[ Then answered Bildad the Shuchite,
+and said,
+
+2 How long wilt thou speak these things?
+and (let) like a mighty wind be the words of
+thy mouth?
+
+3 Should God pervert justice? or should
+the Almighty pervert righteousness?
+
+4 If thy children have sinned against him,
+then did he send them ofi" through the means
+of* their transgression.
+
+5 If thou wilt earnestly seek for God, and
+make thy supplication to the Almighty;
+
+6 If thou become pure and upright : surely
+then will he watch over thee, and restore thy
+righteous habitation.
+
+7 And thy beginning will have been
+small; because thy latter end will grow up
+greatly.
+
+8 For ask, I pray thee, of an earlier gene-
+ration, and prepare thyself to (stand b}') the
+research of their fathers ; —
+
+9 For we are but of yesterday, and know
+nothing, because a (mere) shadow are our
+days upon earth ; —
+
+10 Behold, these will truly teach thee,
+
+* PhilippsoD, "I melt away."
+
+^ This is a proverbial expression among the Arabs to
+the present day, signifying the same as, "Let me draw
+my breath."
+
+"Anonymous. Lit. "now." Arnheiui, "for now
+would I lie," &c,
+830
+
+
+they will speak unto thee, and out of their
+very heart will they bring forth words :
+
+11 Can the bulrush shoot upward without
+mire? can the meadow-grass grow up without
+water?
+
+12 It is yet in its greenness, not yet cut
+down, when it withereth before any other
+grass.
+
+13 So are tlie paths of all that forget God;
+and the hope of the hypocrite will perish :
+
+14 (It is he) whose trust will be cut off,
+and but a spider's web is that in which he
+confideth.
+
+15 He leaneth against his house, but it'
+shall not stand: he layetli fast hold on it, but
+it shall not remain erect.
+
+16 He is in full vigour before the sun, and
+over his garden his shoots go forth.
+
+17 His roots are twisted about a stone-
+heajD, he selecteth (for himself) a jjlace of
+stones.
+
+18 But when men destroy him from his
+place, then will it deny him, saying, I have
+never seen thee.
+
+19 Behold, this is the joy of his way, and
+out of the (same)*^ dust others will grow
+up.
+
+20 Behold, God will not reject a perfect
+man, and will not hold fast by their hand the
+evil-doers :
+
+21 Till he fill thy mouth with laughing,
+and thy lips with joyful shouting.
+
+22 they that hate thee shall be clothed
+with shame ; and the tent of the wicked shall
+be no more.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 Truly I know that it is so: and how
+could a mortal be righteous before God?
+
+3 If he were desirous to enter into a con-
+test with him, he could not give him one an-
+swer out of a thousand.
+
+4 He is wise of heart, and mighty in
+strength : who hath hardened himself against
+him, and escaped unscathed?
+
+5 (He it is) who removeth mountains, and
+
+
+'' Rashi. Their own sins are become the means of
+their punishment.
+
+" Arnheim, " but he tihall not stand," &c.
+
+' Arnheim. Rashi, "And from those who were as
+low as the dust another will grow up (to receive his
+greatness),"
+
+
+JOB TX. X.
+
+
+they know it not, yea, wlion ho overturneth
+thorn in his anger;
+
+6 Who shaketh the earth loose out of her
+place, that her pillars tremlile;
+
+7 Who speakoth to the sun, and he shineth
+not, and around the stars he placeth a
+seal ;
+
+8 Who spread out the heavens by himself
+alone, and treadeth upon the hillocks of the
+sea ;
+
+9 Who made the Bear, Orion, and the
+Pleiades, and the chambers of the south ;
+
+10 Who dotli great things which are
+quite unsearchable, and wonders which are
+quite without number.
+
+11 Lo, were he to go past by me, I should
+not see him ; and were he to pass along, I
+should not perceive him.
+
+12 Behold, were he to snatch aught away,
+who could hold him back? who would say
+unto him. What dost thou ?
+
+13 God will not withdraw his anger: be-
+neath him sink down the helpers of the
+proud."
+
+14 How much less then could I answer
+him, and select my words (to contend) with
+him ?
+
+15 Whom, were I even righteous, I could
+not answer? to him that condemneth me I
+could (only) make supplication.
+
+16 Or were I to call, and he would answer
+me, I could yet not believe that he would
+give ear unto my voice —
+
+17 He that bruiseth me with (his) tempest,
+and multiplieth my wounds without a cause.
+
+18 He suffereth me not to recover my
+breath; but feedeth me overmuch with bitter
+tilings.
+
+19 If it regard strength, lo, he is the power-
+ful; and if justice, who will cite him for me
+to appear?
+
+20 If I were righteous'' even, my own
+month would condemn me: were I innocent,
+it would still prove me perverse.
+
+21 I am innocent;" I will not have regard
+for myself; I will despise my life.
+
+22 One thing is (certain),'' therefore have
+
+
+' Philippson, "resistance." Arnheim, "the proud
+props." Kashi, "of Rahab," /. r, Egypt.
+
+'■Arnheim, "(But) if I be righteous, shall my own
+mouth condemn me? if I be innocent, shall it convict me
+of wicliod devices?" and so also v. 21.
+
+° Job repeats, he is guiltless, and avers, that he cares
+
+
+I said it. The innocent and the wicked he
+bringeth to their end.
+
+23 If a scourge should slay suddenly, he
+will mock at the trial of the guiltless.
+
+24 Is a land given up into the hand of the
+wicked? he covereth the faces of its judges:
+if this be not the truth, who is it then?
+
+25 And my days pass swifter than a run-
+ner: they flee away, they see no happiness,
+
+26 They hasten along like pirate" ships :
+like the eagle that stoopeth down upon his
+food.
+
+27 If I say, I will forget my complaint, I
+will leave oft" my sorrowful countenance, and
+recover my cheerfulness :
+
+28 0 then would I be in dread of all my
+jjains; I know that thou wilt not declare me
+innocent.
+
+29 I must ever be guilty: why then should
+I fotigue myself for nought?
+
+30 If I were to wash myself in snow-water,
+to cleanse myself in the purity of my hands :
+
+31 Even then wouldst thou plunge me in
+the ditch, that my own clothes would render
+me abhorred.
+
+32 For he is not a man, like me, that I
+could answer him, that we should enter toge-
+ther into a contest.
+
+33 There is no one who can decide be-
+tween us, who could lay his hand upon us
+both.
+
+34 Let him but remove from me his rod,
+and let not his dread terrify me:
+
+35 Then would I speak, and not fear him ;
+for the like I feel not within me.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 My soul is disgusted with my life; I will
+give free vent to my complaint over mj-self;
+I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
+
+2 I will say unto God, Do not condemn
+me; let me know for what cause thoii con-
+tendest against me.
+
+3 Is it well for thee that thou shouldst
+oppress, that thou shouldst reject the labour
+of thy hands, and shed light upon the coun-
+sel of the wicked?
+
+not for himself, (lit. "my soul,") whether death ensue
+
+this avowal or not.
+
+■" Rashi; Arnheim, &c. "It is all the same."
+
+' Ralbag. Rashi, Ehdi, as the name of a river which
+
+flows rapidly. Aben Ezra, "Ebch, a city." Others,
+
+"papyrus ships."
+
+831
+
+
+JOB X. XI.
+
+
+4 Hast thou eyes of flesh ? or wilt thou
+see as a mortal seeth ?
+
+5 Are thy days as the days of a mortal,
+or are thy years as the days of a man,
+
+6 That thou inquirest after my iniquity,
+and searchest after my sin ?
+
+7 Still it is within thy knowledge that I
+-am not wicked, and there is none that can
+
+deliver me out of thy hand.
+
+8 Thy hands have carefully fashioned me
+and made me; every thing is in harmony all
+round about ; and yet thou dost destroy me !
+
+9 Remember, I beseech thee, that as though
+I were clay hast thou made me; and wilt
+thou cause me to return again unto the dust ?^
+
+10 Behold, like milk didst thou pour me
+out, and like cheese didst thou curdle me.
+
+11 With skin and flesh didst thou clothe
+me, and with bones and sinews didst thou
+cover me.*"
+
+12 Life and kindness didst thou grant me,
+and thy providence watched over my spirit.
+
+13 And yet these things hadst thou trenr
+sured up in thy heart: I know that this was
+(resolved) within thee.
+
+14 If I have sinned, then dost thou watch
+me, and from my iniquity thou wilt not de-
+clare me guiltless.
+
+15 If I be wicked, wo unto me; and if I
+be righteous, I can still not lift up my head ;
+I am sated with disgrace, and ever seeing
+my aflliction;
+
+16 And it" constantly increascth ; like a
+fierce lion dost thou hunt for me; and again
+thou showest thyself continually wonderful
+on me ;
+
+17 Thou ever renewest thy witnesses
+against me, and causest thy indignation to
+grow strong against me; changes and multi-
+tudes (of sufferings) are around me.
+
+18 Wherefore then didst thou bring me
+forth- out of the womb? Oh that I had
+perished, and that no eye had seen me !
+
+' Rashi, affiruiativcly, "and (at last) thou wilt cause
+me to return unto dust."
+
+^ Ralbag. Others, "And thou didst branch out within
+nie bones and sinews." Arnheim, " wovest within me," &c.
+
+° Aben Ezra. Ralbag, " Oh that it might grow strong,
+so that thou niightcst hunt me up like a lion, (who slay-
+cth at once;) but thou," Ac. Rashi, "It is sufficiently
+great in thy estimation to liuut for me as though I were
+a lion." Arnheim, "Is my head lifted up — like one
+huuteth a lion thou wouldst hunt me."
+
+'' Rashi. Lit. "where it shineth like gloom." I'hi-
+832
+
+
+19 That I were as though I had not been, —
+had been borne from the womb to the grave.
+
+20 Lo! my days are but few: cease, then,
+withdraw from me (thy hand), that I may
+recover my cheerfulness a little,
+
+21 Before I go, and return not, to the land
+of darkness and the shadow of death,
+
+22 A land of utter gloom, as of the darkness
+of the shadow of death, without any order,
+and the light of which'' is like utter gloom.
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+1 ^ Then answered Zophar the Na'ama-
+thite, and said,
+
+2 Shall a nudtitude of words not be an-
+swered? and is it so that a man full of talk
+shall be deemed in the right?
+
+3 Thy inventions are to bring men to si-
+lence; and when thuu utterest thy mucking
+no one is to cause thee to feel abashed !
+
+4 For thou bust said (to God), My doctrine
+is pure, tmd I am become clean in thy eyes.
+
+5 But oh that God would but speak, and
+open his lips against thee;
+
+6 And that he would declare unto thee
+the secrets of wisdom; for it is double to that
+which is really in our possession : and thou
+wouldst experience tliat God overlooketh"
+unto thee much of thy iniquity.
+
+7 Canst thou find out the experience of
+God? or canst thou find (the way) unto the
+utmost limit of the Almighty ?
+
+8 It is as high as heaven ; what canst thou
+effect? it is decjjer than the nether world;
+what canst thou know ?
+
+9 Longer than the earth is its measure,
+and broader than the sea.
+
+10 If he j^ass b}', and surrender (one to
+suffering), and call together an assembly,'
+who can hinder him?
+
+11 For he knoweth the men of vanity:
+he seeth the wrong-doer and him''' who con-
+sidereth not;
+
+lippson, " where the light is uncertain, like the twilight
+gloom." SaN would then mean, not perfect darkness, but
+that gray, uncertain glimmer before perfect night sets in.
+
+* Lit. "forgettcth," i. e. ho acts as though he had for-
+gotten. Rashi, "that thou art indebted to God for thy
+iniquity."
+
+' i. c. To hold a trial. Abcn Ezra renders obrr with
+"If he destroy."
+
+* Phili]ipson, "Though men should not notice it."
+Rashi, "although he appcarcth not to notice it," i. e. by
+delaying the punishment.
+
+
+JOB XII. XIII.
+
+
+12 And the licartless who" acquireth iii-
+telligt'uce, and him who is (like) the colt of
+tlie wild ass who is transtbrmed into a
+man.
+
+13 If thou truly direct (aright) thy heart,
+and spread out thy hands toward him: —
+
+14 If wrong be in thy hand, put it far
+away, and let not wickedness dwell in thy
+tents.
+
+15 For then canst thou lift up thy face
+free from blemish: yea, thou wilt stand
+steadfast, and needest not to fear;
+
+16 Because thou wilt truly forget thy trou-
+ble, and as a waterllood that is passed away
+wilt thou remember it;
+
+17 And brighter than the noon of day will
+thy earthly existence arise; and thy obscurity
+will be like thy morning.
+
+18 And thou wilt feel trust, because there
+is hope : yea, thou wilt search about carefully,
+and thou wilt lie down in safety.
+
+19 Also thou wilt stretch thyself out (to
+rest), with none to make thee afraid; and
+many will entreat thy favour.
+
+20 But the eyes of the wicked shall fail,
+and the means of escape will vanish from
+them, and their (sole) hope shall be the
+breathing out of their soul.*"
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 T[ Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 Truly ye are indeed the (right kind of)"
+people, and with you wisdom must die out.
+
+3 I also have sense like you; I do not fell
+short conii)ared with you : and who possesseth
+not such things as these?
+
+4 I am as one laughed at by his friend,''
+who calleth upon God, while he answereth
+him : (yea,) a laughing-stock though right-
+eous and innocent.
+
+5 To the unfortunate there is given con-
+tempt— according to the thoughts of him
+
+* Rashi would render this verse, " And so will the heart-
+less acquire a heart, to return unto God; and he who was
+like the colt of the wild ass will teach himself to become
+a new man, to watch over his course of life-"
+
+'■ )■. ('. Death. Ralbag renders n-ja "grief," "care."
+
+° Philippson and others, merely, "you are the people,"
+i. e. every one.
+
+'' Wolfson, "I, the laughing-stock of my friend, would,
+were God to answer my prayer, become a joy of the
+righteous and innocent."
+
+" Ralbag. Philippson, " For misfortune there is con-
+tempt; ease to the cunning; a push for those who slip;"
+
+5£
+
+
+that is at ease — prepared (also) for those
+whose foot slippeth."
+
+6 Prosperous are the tents of robbers, and
+security is given to those that provoke God,
+to him who carrieth his god' in his hand.
+
+7 Yet, do only ask of the beasts, and they
+will instruct tliee; and the fowls of the hea-
+vens, and they will tell it thee;
+
+8 Or speak to the earth, and she will
+instruct thee ; and the fishes of the sea will
+inform thee:
+
+9 Who knoweth not through all these
+that the hand of the Lokd hath wrought
+this?
+
+10 (He) in whose hand is the soul of every
+living thing, and the spirit of all the Ijodie.s
+of men ?
+
+11 Doth not the ear try words, as the pa-
+late tasteth food for itself?
+
+12 So* is with the ancients wisdom, and
+with (those of) length of days understand-
+1 n o'
+
+13 That with Jiim are wisdom and strength,
+his are counsel and understanding.
+
+14 Behold, he pulleth down, and there can
+be no rebuilding: he locketh (the prison)
+upon a man, and there can be no opening.
+
+15 Behold, he restraineth the waters, and
+they dry up; or he suflereth them to flow, and
+they overturn the earth.
+
+16 With him are strength and counsel:
+his are'' the deceived and the deceiver.
+
+17 He leadeth counsellors away bereft of
+sense, and maketh the judges fools.
+
+18 He looseth the bond of kings, and bind-
+eth a girdle' around their loins.
+
+19 He leadeth priests away bereft of sense,
+and the powerful he causeth to walk on crook-
+ed paths.
+
+20 He removeth the speech from trusty
+speakers, and taketli away the intelligence
+of the aged.
+
+
+taking ninty;>S as " one who dealeth in cunning thoughts ;"
+and |Oj from nDi "to be laiuc;" hence a thrust or push
+which makes the slipping lameness.
+
+' Aben Ezra and Ralbag; but Rashi, "to whom God
+hath bestowed it into his hand." Philippson, "who rely
+on their own hand as God."
+
+' Rashi ; Aruheim, "is there wisdom in ancients?" &c.
+
+'' Aben Ezra, "to him (are known) the deceived," &e.
+
+' Rashi explains, "At first when they please him he
+gives them strength and power to rule." Others, "He
+putteth the girdle with wliicli slaves tie up their garments
+to labour around tlieir loins."
+
+833
+
+
+JOB XIII. XIV.
+
+
+21 He poureth contempt upon princes, and
+the belt of the mighty he looseneth.*
+
+22 He layeth open deep things from the
+midst of darkness, and bringeth out unto
+light the shadow of death.
+
+23 He permitteth the nations to become
+great, and destroyeth them: he spreadeth
+out the nations, and leadeth them away.
+
+24 He taketh away the sense of the chiefs
+of the people of the land, and causeth them
+to wander astray in a wilderness Avhere there
+is no way.
+
+25 They grope in the dark without light,
+and he causeth them to wander astray like a
+drunken man.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 Lo, all (this) hath my eye seen, my ear
+hath heard and noted it for itself;
+
+2 As much as ye know, do I .also know : I
+do not tall short compared with you.
+
+3 However, I would gladly speak to the
+Almighty; and to argue with God do I de-
+sire.
+
+4 But ye are inventors of falsehood,'' phy-
+sicians of no value are all of you.
+
+5 Oh, who would grant that ye might
+keep a profound silence ! and it would be
+accounted unto you as wisdom.
+
+6 Do hearken but to my reasoning, and
+listen to the pleadings of my lips.
+
+7 Will ye speak wrong things for God?
+and will ye speak for him deceitfully?
+
+8 Will ye show liim undue favour, when
+_\e contend for God?
+
+9 Will it be well if he should search you
+out? or as one ovei'reacheth another mortal,
+do ye expect to overreach him ?
+
+10 He will surely reprove you, if in secret
+you show him undue favour.
+
+11 Doth not his excellency terrify you?
+and his dread fall upon you?
+
+12 The things you remember are mere pro-
+verbs of ashes, your high-places are high-places'
+of clay.
+
+13 Keep silence toward me, that I may
+
+
+' Meaning, takinj: away their strength; the belt being
+the receptacle of the swnrJ and other light arms.
+
+'' Arnheim, "false quacks."
+
+° Meaning, their wisely remembered ,«aying.s are wortli-
+less as though composed of ashes; their lofty reasoning
+as weak as fortitications of clay. Others, 'Sb'O "arc like,"
+"Your menjorials are like ashes," &«.
+
+
+indeed speak, and let pass over me what
+will.
+
+14 Whatever it may cost, I will* take my
+Hesh in my teeth, and my life will I put in
+my hand.
+
+15 Lo, though he slay me, yet will I trust
+in him :" only I will argue my own ways be-
+tbre him.
+
+16 Even he will come to my assistance;
+for a hypocrite cannot come before him.
+
+17 Listen well to my word, and to my
+demonstration with your ears.
+
+18 Behold now, I have arrayed my cause:
+I know that I shall be indeed justified.
+
+19 Who is he that will contend with me?
+for now, if I keep silence, I must perish.*^
+
+20 Only two things do not unto me : then
+will I not hide myself from thy presence.
+
+21 Remove thy hand far from me; and
+let not thy dread terrify me.
+
+22 Then call thou, and I will answer; or
+let me speak, and do thou reply to me.
+
+23 How many are my iniquities and sins?
+my transgression and my sin let me know.
+
+24 Wherefore wilt thou hide thy face, and
+regard me as an enemy unto thee?
+
+25 Wilt thou terrify a leaf driven about (by
+the wind) ? and wilt thou pursue dry stubble?
+
+26 That thou writest bitter decrees against
+me, and assignest unto me the iniquities of
+my youth ;
+
+27 And (that) thou puttest my feet in the
+stocks, and watchest narrowly all my paths;
+(and) settest for thyself a mark upon the
+soles'' of my feet ?
+
+28 And yet the body decayeth like a rot^
+ten thing, as a garment that the moth hath
+eaten.
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 Man born of a woman is short of days,
+and sated Avith harrowing trouble.
+
+2 Like a flower he cometh forth, and is
+cut down : and he fleeth like a shadow, and
+remaineth not.
+
+3 And yet on such a one dost thou open
+
+
+'' i. e. Will brave every danger.
+
+'Arnheim, "Lo, were he to .slay me, it would only
+be what I expect."
+
+' Ralbag. Fhilippson, "for then I would be silent," kc
+
+* Heb. "roots;" meaning, man is so circum.scribed,
+having, .so to say, a mark on his soles, that be cannot
+take a step unpcrccived by God
+
+
+JOB XIV. XV.
+
+
+thy eyes, and me thou bringest into judg-
+ment with thee?
+
+4 Who can make a clean thing out of an
+unclean? not one (thing).
+
+5 Seeing that his days are determined, the
+number of his months are (fixed) with thee,
+that thou hast set his bounds which he can-
+not pass :
+
+G Turn thyself from him that he may re-
+cover from his pain, and l)e able to enjoy
+like a hired labourer his day.
+
+7 For there is hope for the tree: if it be
+cut down, it ma}' still sprout again, while its
+3()ung shoot will not cease.
+
+8 If even its root become old in the earth,
+and its stock die in the dust:
+
+9 Yet tlirough the scent of water will it
+flourish (again), and produce boughs as
+though it were newly planted.
+
+10 But man dieth, and lieth powerless: yea,
+the son of earth departeth — and where is he?
+
+11 The waters run oflt' from the sea, and
+the river faileth and drieth up:
+
+12 So doth man lie down, and riseth not;
+till the heavens be no more, they will not
+awake, and will not be roused out of their
+sleep.
+
+13 Oh who would grant that thou mightest
+hide me in the nether world, that thou might-
+est conceal me, until thy wrath be appeased,
+that thou mightest set for me a fixed time,
+and remember me then !
+
+14 Or, when a man dieth, will he live
+again? all the days of my time (if service
+would I then wait, till (the hour of) my
+release were come.
+
+15 Do thou call, and I will trul}' answer
+thee : have a desire for the work of thy
+hands.
+
+16 Yet now thou numberest my ste])s;
+and thou waitest" not with (the punishment
+of) my sin.
+
+17 Sealed up in a bag is my transgression,
+and thou yet addest to my iniquity.
+
+18 But truly a falling mountain will crum-
+
+' Kashi. Others, interrogatively, "dust tlmu not
+■watch over my iniquity ? and thou iniaginest yet addi-
+tions to my iniquities."
+
+"■Rashi; but he translates, "thou sweepost away its
+fragments to become dust," &c. I'hilippson, "its frag-
+ments is swept off by the dust of the earth." Ralbag,
+rrrrilD like H'-jtid " their flood (of the water) sweepeth
+away the dust," &e.
+
+° Rashi, referring, as in the text, to the state after
+
+
+ble, and (even) a rock is moved out of its
+place.
+
+19 The water weareth out stones; thou
+swee^jest away their fragments'' (like) the
+dust of the earth : and so thou destroyest
+the hope of man.
+
+20 Thou assailest Inm with might witliout
+ceasing, till he passetli away : thou changest
+his countenance, and sendest him off.
+
+21 His children acquire honour, but he
+knoweth it not: and they are esteemed little,
+but he perceiveth nothing of them.
+
+22 But his body,'' on him, feeleth pain,
+and his soul will mourn for him.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 ^ Then answered Eliphaz the Thema-
+nite, and said,
+
+2 Should a wise man utter windy know-
+ledge, and fill his inward parts with the east
+wind ?
+
+3 Should he reason with a speech wliicli
+availetli nothing? and with words in which
+there is no profit?
+
+4 Yea, thou truly niakest void the fear (of
+God), and diminishest devotion before God.
+
+5 For thy iniquity teacheth thy mouth, so
+that thou choosest the language of the crafty.
+
+6 Thy own mouth must condemn thee,
+but not I: yea, thy own lips will testify
+against thee.
+
+7 Wast thou born as the first man? or
+wast thou brouglit forth before the hills?
+
+8 Hast thou listened to the secret counsel
+of God? and is wisdom therefore of little
+esteem with thee ?''
+
+9 What knowest thou, that we do not
+know? what understandest thou, which is not
+with us?
+
+10 Both the grayheaded and the very aged
+are among us, — richer than thy father in
+days.
+
+11 Are the divine consolations too little
+for thee? and the word that was so mild''
+with thee?
+
+death. Ralbag refers it to the state of sickness before
+death, and renders, "his soul in. him mourneth."
+
+'' Wolfson, after Aben p]zra. Others, "Hast thou
+taken away," "made it less where it was," i. e. with God,
+and render, "and hast thou abstracted for thyself wis-
+dom?"
+
+" Rashi, t3xS as "pleasant," "soft," "imperceptible al-
+most," "gentle to the touch." Aben Ezra, "in secret."
+Aruheim, "was the word too indistinct for theer'
+
+835
+
+
+JOB XV. XVI.
+
+
+12 Whither cloth tli}' heart carry thee
+away? and what do thy eyes gaze at?
+
+13 That thou shouldst turn against God
+tliy spirit, and utter (such) words out of thy
+mouth?
+
+14 What is man, that he should be pure?
+and that he who is born of woman should be
+declared righteous ?
+
+15 Behold, in his holy ones he putteth no
+trust; and the heavens are not pure in his
+eyes :
+
+16 How much more then the abominable
+and corrupt, the man who drinketh like water
+wi'ong-doing?
+
+17 I will instruct" thee, hear me; and what
+I have seen will I relate;
+
+18 Which wise men have ever told, and
+have not concealed, as they obtained'' it from
+their fathers;
+
+19 Unto whom alone the earth was given,
+and into whose midst no stranger ever entered.
+
+2U All his days is the wicked plagued with
+pain, and the number of years which are laid
+by for the tyrant.
+
+21 A sound of terrors is in his ears : du-
+ring peace will the waster come over him.
+
+22 He beheveth not that he shall return
+out of darkness, and he is looked for by the
+sword.
+
+23 He wandereth abroad for bread, (say-
+ing,) Where is it? he knoweth that there is
+ready at his hand the day of darkness.
+
+24 Distress and anguish terrify him:
+assail him with might, as a king prepared
+for the battle."
+
+25 Because he had stretched out against
+God his hand, and strengthened himself
+against the Almighty;
+
+20 (And) he liad run against him, with
+an (extended) neck, with the thick round-
+ings of his bucklers;
+
+27 Because he had covered his face with
+his fat, and had made thick folds of fat on
+his flanks;
+
+28 And he had dwelt in abandoned cities,
+
+
+they
+
+
+" Lit. "show."
+
+'' Kalbag; ('. e. the wisddiii derived from their prede-
+cessors; but Rashi, literally, "and eoncealcd it not from
+their fathers."
+
+° Kalbag and Abcn Kzra. Kashi, "as on a king des-
+tined to bell."
+
+^ Jonathan. Others, literally, "his mouth," as though
+his own breath were enough to destroy the wicked.
+
+' llalb:if.', "my limb.s," the company forming the body.
+
+
+in houses which none inhabited, which were
+destined to be ruinous heaps.
+
+29 (Yet) will he not remain rich, neither
+will his wealth endure, nor will he attain
+their perfection on earth.
+
+30 He will never depart out of darkness :
+the flame shall dry up his shoots, and he will
+depart by the breath of God's mouth.''
+
+31 Let him that goeth astray not trust in
+vanity; for vanity will be what he obtaineth
+thereby.
+
+32 Even before his time will it be overfull,
+and his branches will not be green.
+
+33 He will .shake off like the vine his un-
+ripe grapes, and cast ofl" like the olive his
+blossoms.
+
+34 For the assembly of hypocrites will re-
+main desolate, and iirv will consume the
+tents of bribery.
+
+35 They conceive trouble, and bring forth
+wrong-doing, and their body prepareth de-
+ceit.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 T[ Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 I have heard many things such as these:
+troublesome comforters are ye all.
+
+3 Shall there be any end to words of
+wind? or what compelleth thee that thou
+shouldst answer ?
+
+4 I also could well speak as ye do: if your
+soul were but in my soul's stead, I could
+overwhelm you with words, and could shake
+my head at you.
+
+5 But I would strengthen you with my
+mouth, and the condolence of my lips should
+restrain (your grief).
+
+6 Though I were to speak, my pain would
+not be restrained ; and though I should for-
+bear, what will go away from me?
+
+7 But now he hath made me weary: thou
+hast made desolate all my company.'"
+
+8 And thou hast filled me with wrinkles,'
+they are my witnesses;, and my leanness riseth
+up for me, giveth its testimony to my face.
+
+' Ealbag. I'hilippson and others refer tlio verses 7 to
+10, not to God, but to .Job's friends, eliiefly Eliphaz; and
+render: "But now he liatli wearied me — thou hast de-
+stroyed all my friendship, and bast presM'd me hard — be
+beeame a witness, rose up against me with lies, be testi-
+fied against me in my own presence; his wrath teareth
+me in pieces; ha! he persceuteth me, he gnasbeth bis
+teeth against me, my adversary looketh at me with fiery
+looks," &c.
+
+
+JOB XVI. xvn.
+
+
+9 In his wnith he tearetli me to pieces,
+and assaileth me; he gnasheth over me with
+his teeth ; my adversary sendeth threatening"
+looks at me.
+
+10 They now open wide against nio their
+month; reproachlnlly they smite my cheek:
+altogetlier do tliey assemble against me.
+
+11 God hath surrendered me to the unjust,
+and cast me down into the hands of the
+\\icked.
+
+12 1 was at ease, but he hath crushed me;
+he hath also grasped me by the neck, and
+shaken me to pieces, and set me up unto
+himself as a mark;
+
+1?) His archers encompass me round about;
+he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not
+pity; he poureth out upon the ground my gall;
+
+14 He breaketh me down with breach
+upon breach; he runneth against me like a
+mighty man.
+
+15 Sackcloth have I sewed upon my skin,
+and my horn I roll in the dust.''
+
+16 My face" gloweth from weeping, and
+on my eyelids resteth the shadow of death :
+
+17 Not because any violence is in my
+hands, and while my prayer is pure.
+
+18 Earth! do thou not cover up my blood,
+and let no place restrain"* my cry.
+
+19 Even now, behold, my witness is in
+the heavens, and one that testifieth for me
+is on high.
+
+20 Are my friends my defenders? unto
+God my eye poureth out (its tears).
+
+21 And oh that a man might plead"" with
+God, as one son of earth with the other !
+
+22 For when the numbered years are
+passed, then must I travel a path whence I
+cannot return.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 My spirit is broken, my days are cut
+short, the grave is ready for me.
+
+
+' Lit. "he sharpeneth his eyes at me."
+
+"' Rashi, "Upon my cicatrizeJ wound have I sewed
+sackcloth, and defiled in the dust my s^plendour;" pp
+being often, "ray of light." But horn is the emblem of
+power here no less than elsewhere.
+
+" Rashi, "is shrivelled."
+
+■• Rashi, "let no place swallow up my cry, but let it
+ascend to heaven." Philippson, "let no space limit my
+cry." Lit. "let there be no place for," &c.
+
+' Rashi and Ralbag. Philippson, "that he may plead
+for a man before God, (('. e. him,self,) and judge the son
+of earth for his friend." Aruheim, "that he may argue
+
+
+2 Yet truly tlio.sc that mock are \\ith
+me, and on their oflendings nnist my eye
+rest.
+
+3 And thou, (Creator!) attend, I pray thee,
+be my surety with thyself: who else is there
+that would strike hands with me?
+
+4 For thou hast concealed their Jieart
+against intelligence: therelbre art thou not
+exalted (through them).*^
+
+T) Everyone of them s})eaketh deceptively*''
+to his friends: may also the eyes of his chil-
+dren tail.
+
+G And he hath placed me here as a by-
+word unto nations; and I become openly as
+a place of abomination.''
+
+7 Therefore is my eye dim from vexation,
+and my limbs are .all of them like a sha-
+dow.
+
+8 Upright men must be astonished at this,
+and the innocent must arouse liimself against
+the hypocrite.
+
+9 Yet will the righteous hold finnly on to
+his way; and he that is clean of hands will
+acquire additional strength.
+
+10 But all of you, do only return, and
+come but (to me) : and yet I shall not find
+among you one wise man.
+
+11 My days are j^ast, my resolves are
+broken otf, (even the thoughts) — the po.s-
+sessions of my heart.
+
+12 These would change the night into
+day, the light as near' in the presence of
+darkness, —
+
+13 When I hope for the netlier world as
+my house; in the darkness have I spread
+my couch ;
+
+14 When I call to corruption. Thou art
+my father: Thou art my mother, and my
+sister, to the worms.
+
+15 Ay, where is then my hope? as for my
+hope, who will see it (fulfilled) ?
+
+16 Let then my limbs sink down to the
+
+
+with a man who hath a contest with God, as one .s(m of
+earth with the other."
+
+' Rashi. Aben Ezra, "thou wilt not exalt (them)."
+
+* Rashi, &c. Philippson, "As my portion hath he as-
+signed me friends." The difficulty is in the word phnh
+which is of uncertain derivation, being either "part," or
+"flattery — smoothness of tongue."
+
+^ Jonathan, the same as Tlwpeth, near Jerusalem,
+where the idols were worshipped. So also Aben Ezra,
+"as the place of Thopeth before the children of men."
+Others, "as one who is to be spit in the face."
+
+' Rashi, "as newly come."
+
+837
+
+
+JOB XVII. XVI IT. XIX.
+
+
+nether world: truly in the dust al(Mie there
+is rest for all."
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 ^ Then answered Bildad the Shucliite,
+and said,
+
+2 When will ye at length put an end to
+words? Come to an understanding, and after-
+ward let us speak.
+
+3 For what cause are we counted as beasts,
+reputed stupid in your eyes?
+
+4 Thou, the one that teareth himself to
+pieces in his anger — shall for thy sake the
+earth be forsaken, and the rock*" be moved
+away out of its place?
+
+5 Ah, truly the light of the wicked will
+be quenched, and the spark" of his fire shall
+not give light. '
+
+6 The light becometh dark in his tent,
+and his lamp will be quenched above him.
+
+7 His powerful steps will be narrowed,
+and his own counsel will cast him down.
+
+8 For he is driven into the net by his own
+feet, and he taketh his walk upon a snare.
+
+9 The trap wall seize him by the heel, and
+the robber* will jjrevail over him.
+
+10 The cord is hidden for him in the ground,
+and a trap is set for him on tlie pathway.
+
+11 All around do terrors scare him, and
+cha.se him as he walketh along.''
+
+12 His first-born*^ will suffer hunger, and
+calamity will be ready for his wife."
+
+13 It will devour the limbs of his body:
+yea, the first-born'' of death will devour his
+limljs.
+
+14 Then will be plucked up out of his
+tent his confidence, and (the evil) will urge
+him forward to the king of terrors.
+
+15 It will dwell in his tent, because it is
+no more his: there will be strewed sulphur
+on his habitation.
+
+IG Beneath, his roots will be dried uj), and
+above will his boughs be cut away.
+
+17 His remembrance vanisheth from the
+
+
+' Rashi. Philippson, "In the solitude of the grave all
+ilescend, when we rest together in the dust." Arnheini,
+"To the bars of the nether world they descend, when we
+^^0 down to the dust altogether." The difBculty here is in
+the word n3, which the first interprets as " limbs," the
+other as "solitude," and the last as "bars."
+
+" Ilashi, "the Creator be moved from his knowledge
+and wont." ° Others, "flame."
+
+' The one who has laid the .snare.
+838
+
+
+earth, and no name remainetli lor him in the
+streets.
+
+18 Men will thrust him out from light
+into darkness, and out of the world will they
+drive him.
+
+19 He will have neither son nor grandson
+among his people, nor any that escapeth in
+the places of his sojourning.
+
+20 Because of his (calamitous) day are
+they that come after him astonished, and they
+that went before are seized with shuddering.
+
+21 Yea, such are the dwellings of the un-
+just, and this is the place of one that knew
+not God.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 T[ Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 How long will ye grieve my soul, and
+crush me with words?
+
+3 These ten times have ye reproached me:
+ye are not a.^hamed when ye show yourselves
+as strangers to me."
+
+4 Yea, if it be indeed that I have erred,
+let my error remain with myself
+
+5 But if indeed ye wish to magnify your-
+selves above me, and to prove against me my
+disgrace :
+
+6 Then know for certain that God hath
+bent me down, and hath laid his net all
+around me.
+
+7 Behold, I cry out concerning the vio-
+lence (done me), but I am not answered: I
+entreat aloud, but there is no justice.
+
+8 My road hath he fenced up, so that I
+cannot pass out; and on my paths he placeth
+darkness.
+
+9 My glory hath he stripped from me, and
+removed the crown of my head.
+
+10 He hath jJuUed me down on every
+side, and I am going hence; and he hath
+rooted up like a tree my hope.
+
+11 He hath also kindled against m.e his
+wrath, and he counteth me with himself as
+one of his adversaries.
+
+
+" Lit. "at his feet."
+
+' Jonathan; lit. "his strength."
+
+8 Jonathan. Lit. ^'Sv "rib." Gen. i. 21. Others,
+"His strength wasteth from hunger, and calamity is ready
+at his side."
+
+'' A trusty servant of death, such as hunger, war, pesti-
+lence.
+
+' Jonathan. Furst, "ye condemn me." Others, "ye
+show yourselves insolent to nie."
+
+
+JOB XIX. XX.
+
+
+12 Altosiether come on his tr
+
+
+make level anaiiist me tlieir
+
+
+oops
+
+
+way,
+
+
+an
+
+
+and
+d en-
+
+
+camp round about my tent.
+
+13 My brothers hatli he removed far from
+me, and my acquaintance are entirely es-
+tranoed from me.
+
+14 My near of kin have withdrawn, and
+those befriended by me have forgotten me.
+
+15 Ye that sojourn in my house, and my
+maid-servants, regard me as a stranger: an
+alien am I become in their eyes.
+
+16 I call for my servant, but he will not
+answer, though I were to entreat him with
+my mouth.
+
+17 My breath is become nauseous to my
+wife, and my caressing, to the children of my
+own body.
+
+18 Yea, children even despise me: I rise
+up, but they speak against me.
+
+19 All that have had my confidence abo-
+minate me; and those whom I have loved
+are turned against me.
+
+20 To my skin and to my flesh my bones
+do cleave, and I must sustain myself with
+the gum.s" of my teeth.
+
+21 Spare me, spare me, 0 ye, my friends;
+f(jr the hand of God hath touched me.
+
+22 Why will ye persecute me as God
+(hath done), and will never be satisfied with
+my flesh?
+
+2-3 Oh who would but grant, that my words
+might be written down ! oh who would grant
+that they were entered in a book !
+
+24 That they were hewn with an iron pen
+and (blackened with)*' lead for eternity in the
+hard rock !
+
+25 And well I know that my redeemer
+liveth, and that he will remain as the last after
+the creatures'" of the dust (are passed away) ;
+
+26 And after my skin is cut to pieces will
+this"* be: and then freed from my body shall
+I behold God;
+
+
+' After Rambain. Lit. "and I make my escape with
+the skin of my teeth." The meaning is, that the teeth
+having fallen out, he just contrives to chew enough with
+the gums to sustain life.
+
+'' So doth Rashi explain this verse. Philippson, "with
+an iron style in lead."
+
+° Rashi, taking -\2j; "the dust," as "those formed of
+the dust." Philippsou, "over my dust."
+
+^ After Jonathan. Rashi, however, " in my flesh shall
+I see the judging God."
+
+° Lbwenthal, taking 'S "for me" as tididS "for my
+hiippiness "
+
+• After Philippson, ii "a stranger" or "an enemy."
+
+
+27 Whom I shall my.self behold to mV
+happiness," and whom my eyes will see, and
+not as a stranger,' (when even) my reins are
+consumed within my bosom.
+
+28 But if ye should say, Ilow will we
+pursue him? seeing the root^ of the matter is
+Ibund in me :
+
+29 Then have dread for yourselves of the
+sword; for the wrath (which ye excite) is an
+iniquity that bringeth the sword ; in order
+that ye may know there is one that judgcth
+(in the world).
+
+CHAPTP]R XX.
+
+1 ^ Then answered Zophar the Na'ama-
+thite, and said,
+
+2 Even therefore do mv iinnost thoughts
+give me an answer, and for this reason do I
+feel a strong excitement within me.
+
+3 Reproof which casteth shame on me
+must 1 hear: yet out of my understanding
+will the spirit give me an answer.
+
+4 Dost thou know this? from the very be-
+ginning of things, from the very time when
+man was placed upon earth it was,
+
+5 That the triumphal shouting of the
+wicked is ever of but a recent date, and the
+joy of the hypocrite endureth only for a nh>-
+ment.
+
+6 Though his exaltation should mount up
+to the heavens, and his head should reacli
+unto the clouds :
+
+7 Yet when he but turneth round will he
+vanish for ever; those who have seen him
+will say. Where is he?
+
+8 Like a dream will he fly away, and nieit
+will find him no more : yea, he will be
+cha.sed away like a vision of the night.
+
+9 If an eye have surveyed him, it will
+not do so again, and it will not behold him
+any more in his place.
+
+10 Ills children will sufier oppression*"
+
+Others render, "My own eyes shall see him, and no
+stranger," /. *■. he will not need to take the assertion of
+another, as he himself will obtain correct and unequivocal
+knowledge of the Almighty.
+
+* /. e. The cause of his suffering was his own conduct.
+Rashi, however, "And if ye should say, Why should we
+persecute him, and what is the root of the matter on
+which he dependeth ? (you will never comprehend all
+this happiness)."
+
+'' Rashi, from Vi*i, "to crush, oppress." Aben p]zra,
+"seek the favour of the poor," from nvi "to please,"
+"to receive in favour;" here in the Pie/ form, "to seek
+for favour."
+
+839
+
+
+JOB XX. XXT.
+
+
+from the indigont, and Lis Imnds will have
+to restore his (ill-gotten) wealth.
+
+11 (Now) his bones are full of his youth-
+ful vigour;" but it will (suddenly) lie down
+with him in the dust.
+
+11^ If the evil be sweet in his mouth, he
+will conceal it under his tongue; .
+
+18 He will cherish it, and not forsake it;
+and hold it back witliin his palate:
+
+14 His food is thus changed within his
+bowels, and becometh the venom of asps
+witliin him.
+
+10 The wealth which he hath swallowed,
+will he have to vomit uj) again : God will
+drive it out of his belly.
+
+16 The poison of asps will he have to
+suck : the viper's tongue will slay him.
+
+17 He shall not look with pleasure on
+streams, on flowing brooks of lioney and
+cream.
+
+18 He restoreth what he hath laboured for,
+and wall not swallow it down: however much
+he may have obtained*" by toil, he will not
+have any joy of it.
+
+19 Because he oppressed and forsook the
+indigent; because he took violently away a
+house, shall he not rebuild it ;
+
+20 Because he knew not quietness in his
+bosom, shall he not escape through what is
+the most precious to him.
+
+21 Nothing was spared from his craving
+to eat : therefore shall his wealth not pros-
+per.*^
+
+22 In the fulness of his abundance will
+distress assail him : every hand of (those he)
+troubled will come against him.
+
+23 In order to fill his belly, (God) will
+send out'' against him the fury of his wrath,
+and will rain it upon him for his eating.
+
+24 If he flee from the iron weapon, the
+brazen bow Avill strike him through.
+
+25 He draweth it, and" it cometh out of
+the body; yea, out of his gall the glittering
+(arrow) cometh forth : over him come the ter-
+rors (of death) .
+
+
+"Jonathan and Kaslii. Al)eu Ezra, "bis secret sins,
+which will lie," &c. ; but the singular "it" of 3Jtyn must
+refer to that possessed by VOlSj», i. e. the strength or
+vigour.
+
+" llashi, " When that which lie hath exchanged is great
+wealth, then will he come to want, and have no joy of
+it." minn must be understood here, " the exchanee for
+toil." ^
+
+8:n
+
+
+20 Entire darkness is laid by for his treor
+sures: a fire not urged by blowing will con
+sume him ; it will destroy any one that is left
+in his tent.
+
+27 The heavens will lay open his iniquity;
+and the earth will raise herself up against
+him.
+
+28 The product of liis house will be ba-
+nished, flowing away on the day of his
+wrath.
+
+29 This is the portion of a wicked man
+from God, and his decreed heritage from
+God.
+
+CHAPTER XXL
+
+1 *\\ Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 Hear, 0 hear my speech, and let this be
+wherewith you give consolations.
+
+3 Bear with me that I may indeed speak:
+and after my speaking, then canst thou mock.
+
+4 As for me, — is against man my com-
+plaint? and if this be so, why should my
+spirit not be impatient?
+
+5 Turn yourselves unto me, and be as-
+tounded, and lay your hand upon your
+mouth.
+
+6 Yea, when I think of it, I am terrified,
+and shuddering seizeth hold of my flesh.
+
+7 Wherefore do the wicked live, become
+old, yea, grow strong in power?
+
+8 Their seed is firmly established in their
+presence with them, and their offs^iring are
+before their eyes.
+
+9 Their houses are at peace without any
+dread, and no rod of God (cometh) over
+them.
+
+10 The bull of each one gendereth, and
+disappointeth not: the cow of each one calv-
+eth, and castetli not her young.
+
+11 They send forth their little ones like
+a flock, and their children skip about (with
+
+joy)-
+
+12 They sing to the timbrel and harp, and
+rejoice at the sound of the pipe.
+
+13 They wear out their days in happiness.
+
+
+° Arnheim. Rashi renders the first part of the verse,
+"He loft nothing of his food to divide among the poor."
+
+'' Rashi. Others, "When he is about — then will Grod,
+&c. — while he is eating."
+
+° Arnheim, after Rashi, "He draweth (it) and it
+cometh forth out of its scabbard, (niJ, not "body," but
+"the scabbard of a sword;") and the glittering arrow
+passcth nut of its pnisnn over him (with) terrors."
+
+
+JOB XXT. XXII.
+
+
+and ill a nioiiK'nt they go down to the nether
+world.
+
+14 And yet they say unto God, "De-
+part from us; and the knowledge of thy
+"ways we desire not.
+
+15 What is the Almighty, that we should:
+serve him? and what profit shall we have,
+if we entreat him urgently?"
+
+IG Lo, not in their hand" doth their hap-
+piness rest! The counsel of the wicked be
+(still) far from me.
+
+17 IIow often is the lamp of the wicked
+quenched?'' and how often cometli over them
+their calamity ? and doth (God) distribute
+their lot in his anger ?
+
+18 Are they as straw before the wind, and
+as chaff which the storm stealeth away?"
+
+19 Should God lay up for his children his
+wrong-doing? it were better that he reward
+him, that he might know it himself.
+
+20 His own eyes ought to see his downfall,
+and from the wrath of the Almighty ought
+he to drink.
+
+21 For what cai'e"* hath he for his house-
+hold after him, when the number of his
+months is all apportioned to him?
+
+22 Is this fitting God," who teacheth know-
+ledge? him who judgeth tliose that are high-
+est?
+
+23 That this one dieth in his full strength,
+being wholly at ease and quiet;
+
+24 His vessels being full of healthy tluid,
+and the marrow of his bones being well moist-
+ened :
+
+25 While this other dieth with an embit-
+tered soul, and hath never partaken of any
+happiness;'
+
+26 (And yet) together they must lie down
+in the dust, and the worms will cover them ?
+
+27 Behold, I know your thoughts, and the
+opinions which ye wrongfully devise against
+me.
+
+28 For ye say. Where is the house of the
+noble-minded ? and where is the tent of the
+dwelHng-places of the wicked?
+
+' Rashi, "Is not their happiness in their hand?"
+
+'' Philippson conceives thut Job quotes the assertions of
+his friends, and shows their defects. (See xviii. 5, &c. ;
+XX. 10, 28.)
+
+' Others, affirmatively, " they are as straw," and so
+also the end of verse 17.
+
+" Rashi. Lit. "desire."
+
+' Philippson. Rashi, "Is one of you in God's place,
+who will teach knowledge liow this is?"
+6 F
+
+
+29 Have ye not asked the wayfarers?
+surely their token ye cannot disregard,
+
+30 That the bad man is reserved for the
+day of calamity, (that the wicked) are car-
+ried forward to the day of wrath.
+
+31 (But) who will tell him to his face of
+his wa}? and who will repay him wluit he
+hath done?
+
+32 Yea he will indeed Ije carried to the
+grave, and men will quickly think of his
+monument:
+
+33 Sweet are to liiin the clods of the val-
+ley; and after him succeedeth every man, as
+those that were before him are without num-
+ber.
+
+34 How then will ye comfort me with
+vanity? and of your answers there remain-
+eth only deception.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 *(\ Then answered Eliphaz the Thema-
+iiite, and said,
+
+2 Can a man be serviceable^ unto God?
+Truly the intelligent is serviceable unto him-
+self
+
+3 Is it any pleasure to the Almighty that
+thou art righteous? or is it any gain to him,
+that thou makest thy ways perfect?
+
+4 Is it out of fear of thee that he will re-
+proach thee? or go with thee into judgment?
+
+5 Is not thy evil great ? and no end to thy
+iniquities ?
+
+6 For thou hast taken a pledge from thy
+brothers for nought, and stripped the naked
+of their clothing.
+
+7 Thou hast not given water to the weary
+to drink, and from the hungry thou hast with-
+holden bread.
+
+8 But as for the man of a sti'ong arm, he
+obtained*" the land, and the highly honoured
+could dwell therein.
+
+9 Widows hast thou sent away empty, and
+the arms of the fatherless have been broken.
+
+10 Therefore are snares round about thee,
+and sudden dread terrifieth thee.
+
+
+' Lit. " hath not eaten of."
+
+* Rashi would translate, " Can a man teach God, when
+he, the intelligent, teacheth men knowledge?" or "Can
+man labour for the benefit of God?" &c. ID'S;? is referred
+by Rashi to "mankind;" others, to "himself," although
+it is a plural form.
+
+' Rashi, "Shalt thou, because thou art of a strong arm,
+obtain the land, and shall the highly honoured dwell
+i therein?"
+
+841
+
+
+JOB XXII. xxin.
+
+
+11 Or seest thou not the (hirkness? and
+the abundance of water which covereth thee?
+
+12 Is not God in the height of heaven?
+and beholding* the highest elevation of the
+stars, however high they are?
+
+13 But thou sayest, "What doth God
+know? can he judge behind the darkness?
+
+14 Tliick clouds are a covering for him, so
+that he will not see; and he walketh along
+on the c rcle of lieaven."
+
+15 Wilt thou (thus) observe the path of
+ancient times which the men of injustice
+have trodden?
+
+16 Who were shrivelled up before their
+time, wliose foundation was flooded'' away
+like a river ;
+
+17 Who said unto God, "Depart from us:'
+and what wrought tlie Almighty for them?
+
+18 And yet it was he that filled their
+houses with good things; but the counsel of
+the wicked be (still) far from me.
+
+19 The righteous will see it, and be glad;
+and the innocent will laugh them to scorn.
+
+20 "Is not he destroyed that I'ose up
+against us, and hath not the fire consumed
+what they had left?'""
+
+21 Do but become acquainted with him,
+and be at peace: thereby will happiness
+eome unto thee.
+
+22 Do but accept instruction from his
+mouth, and lay up his sayings in thy heart.
+
+23 If thou return to the Almighty, thou
+shalt be Ijuilt up, so thou wilt l)ut remove
+wrong-doing tar away from thy tents.
+
+24 And throw'" down in the dust precious
+metals, and (the gold of) Opliir to the stones
+of the brooks :
+
+25 Then will the Almighty be thy precious
+metal, and brightly-shining silver unto thee.
+
+26 For then wilt thou have in the Al-
+mighty thy delight, and thou canst lift up
+unto God thy face.
+
+27 Thou wilt make entreaty unto him.
+
+
+' Kashi, as in x. 15. Others, "Look at the head of
+the stars, how high they are."
+
+" Rashi, "over whose foundation a river was poured
+forth."
+
+° After Arnheim. Rashi, however, ijo'p "the high
+estate;" dIiT "the excellence" of that generation.
+
+^ Lowenthal and others, after llalbag, nxn " as gold
+ore." But Jonathan, "And plaee on the dust a strong
+fortress, and as the rocks of brooks the gold of Ophir:
+then will the Almighty be to thee a strong fortress, and
+more than silver be the strength of thy exaltation."
+842
+
+
+and he will hear thee, and thy vows wilt
+thou pay.
+
+28 And if thou decree a thing, it will be
+fulfilled unto thee; and upon thy ways the
+light will shine.
+
+29 For when men are brought low/ thou
+wilt say. Pride (hath done it) ; but those of
+lowly eyes (God) will help.
+
+30 He will even deliver him who is not
+guiltless : and thou wilt be' delivered by the
+purity of thy hands.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 ^ Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 Even now is my complaint bitter: my
+suffering is heavier than my groans.
+
+3 Oh who would grant that I knew where
+I might find him! tliat I might attain to his
+judgment throne!
+
+4 I would put in order before him my cause,
+and my mouth would I fill with arguments.
+
+5 I should know the words which he
+might answer me, and understand what he
+might say unto me.
+
+6 Would he with his power contend
+against me? he would truly not lay such
+doings to my charge.^
+
+7 There would an upright one*" argue with
+him ; and I should be allowed to escape for
+ever by my judge.
+
+8 But, lo, I go eastward — and he is not
+there; and to the west — and I cannot per-
+ceive him ;
+
+9 When he doth great things at the north,
+I behold him not; he hideth himself in the
+south — and I see him not.
+
+10 But he' knoweth the way that I take:
+were he to probe me, I should come forth as
+gold.
+
+11 On his steps my foot hath held fast: his
+way have I kept, and swerved not.
+
+12 From the commandment of his lips
+have I also not moved awaj- : as a fixed sta-
+
+
+' A ben Ezra. Rashi, "When men are brought low,
+tliou canst say, they shall be lifted up, and it will be."
+
+' Aben Ezra supplying nnx "thou wilt be delivered."
+lie also renders 'pj 'N "the isle of the iunocent."
+
+8 Rashi; meaning, "only justice, not false charges,
+would he obtain from God." Aben Ezra, "No, he
+would have regard for me." R^ilbag, "he would put
+(strength) in me."
+
+'' Rashi, "My righteousness would be clear before
+him."
+
+' Though God is unseen, he knows the deeds of man.
+
+
+JOB XXIII. XXIV.
+
+
+tute' for me have I treasured up the sayings
+of his mouth.
+
+lo But he is unchangeably one,* and who
+can turn hina? and what his will desireth,
+even that he doth.
+
+14 For he will bring to completion what
+hath been destined for me: and like these
+hath he many other things with him.
+
+15 Therefore am I terrified at his pre-
+sence: I Avill reflect, and be in dread of him.
+
+16 Still God hath made timid my heart,
+and the Almighty hath terrified me;
+
+17 Because I was not destroyed before
+this darkness, and because he hath not hid-
+den from my face (this) gloom.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 Why are not times (of punishment)
+treasured up'' by the Almighty, and why
+do his adorers not see his days (of retribu-
+tion) ?
+
+2 (The wicked) remove landmarks: they
+rob flocks, and feed them.''
+
+3 They drive away the ass of the father-
+less, they take in pledge the widow's ox.
+
+4 They chase the needy out of the high-
+way: altogether hide themselves the poor of
+the earth.
+
+5 Behold," as wild asses in the wilderness
+go they forth to their work, rising betimes
+after (their) ]3rey: the desert yieldeth food
+for them and for their young men.
+
+6 In the field they reap their food ■,^ and in
+the vineyard of the wicked they gather the
+fruit.
+
+7 The}- cause (the poor) to spend the
+night naked, without clothing and without
+any covering in the cold.
+
+8 Through the sweeping rain of the moun-
+
+* Rashi, "more than my apportioned food have I," &c.
+
+' Others, " He persevereth in one thing, and who can
+gainsay him ?"
+
+° Liiweuthal, Herxheimer, and Philippson. Arnheim
+and Eng. ver., "Why — since from the Almighty, destinies
+are not hidden — do not those who know him see his days
+(of punishment)?"
+
+'' ('. e. They have no fear nor shame in exhibiting their
+wrongfully obtained pcssessions.
+
+' Rashi and others conceive verses 5 and 6 to represent
+the rubbers; Philippson, the state of the poor, who have
+to seek for means to sustain life : he renders also verse 7,
+"They (the poor) spend their nights," &c. Others,
+again, imagine this and verse 8 also to refer to the rob-
+bers, especially the Bedouins, who are often in the greatest
+want, notwithstanding their dishonest mode of life. But
+
+
+tains are they made wet, and for want of a
+shelter do they embrace the rock.
+
+9 The others pluck from the breast the
+fatherless, and the garment^ of the poor they
+take in pledge.
+
+10 They cause him'' to go naked without
+clothing, and from the hungry they take
+away the sheaf:
+
+11 Within their wiills do they make oil,
+they tread their winepresses, and suffer thirst.
+
+12 Out of a populous city is groaning heard,
+and the soul of the deadly wounded crieth
+out: yet God regardeth it not as an offence.
+
+13 Yon men are of those that rebel against
+the light: they know not its ways, nor abide
+in its paths.
+
+14 With the earliest light riseth the mur-
+derer, he slayeth the poor and needy, and in
+the night he becometh like the thief
+
+15 And the eye of the adulterer watcheth
+for the twilight, saying. No eye will see me;
+and placeth a covering on his face.
+
+16 They break into houses in the dark, in
+"the daytime they lock themselves in:' they
+
+know not the light.
+
+17 For to all of these alike is the morning
+as the shadow of death ; for they are familiar
+with the terrors of the shadow of death.
+
+18 Swift'' are such men (to flee) on the
+face of the water; accursed is their field on
+the land; none of them turneth himself to
+the way of the vineyards.
+
+19 Drought and heat speedily consume the
+snow-waters: so doth the grave those who
+have sinned.
+
+20 The mother that bore such a one will
+forget him; the worm will feed sweetly on
+him; he will be no more remembered; and
+like a tree will wickedness be broken.
+
+
+we must then assume that, as early as Job, Arabia was in
+the same condition it is now.
+
+' Aben Ezra, -h'b^, not "his food," lit. "fodder," but
+iS "hi "not his," — "they hold harvest in a field not
+theirs." « Ralbag.
+
+'' Rashi and Aben Ezra. Arnheim, "These (the poor)
+go about naked without clothes, and hungering do they
+carry sheaves."
+
+' Others, — " the houses which in the daytime they
+had marked for themselves."
+
+' Ralbag and Aben Ezra. Philippson, "Swift is he on
+the face of the waters; if his portion be accursed on the
+land, he turneth no more the way to the vineyards. In
+the desert and in the heat they plunder, in the snow-wa-
+ter of the deep they sin." Arnheim and Herxheimer
+nearly so, with some variations.
+
+813
+
+
+JOB XXIV.— XXVII.
+
+
+21 lie ill-treateth the barren that beareth
+not; and to tlie widow he actetli not well.
+
+22 But he'' also draweth down the mighty
+with his power: when he riseth up, no one
+is sure of life.
+
+23 To such (God) granteth to be in safety,
+that he may find su23port; and His eyes are
+upon their ways.
+
+24 They are exalted; in but a little while
+they are no more; and tliey are brought down
+low : like all others are they gathered in, and
+like the top of the ear of corn are they cut
+off.''
+
+25 But if it be not so, who will prove me
+a liar, and render as nought my word?
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ^ Then answered Bildad the Shuchite,
+and said,
+
+2 Dominion and dread are with him: he
+maketh peace in his high places.
+
+3 Can the number of his hosts be given?
+and over whom riseth not his light?
+
+4 How then can man be justified with
+God? or how can be pure one that is born of
+woman ?
+
+5 Behold, even as regardeth the moon,
+that is not bright: yea, the stars are not
+pure in his eyes.
+
+6 How much less the mortal, the mere
+worm? and the son of earth, the mere mag-
+got?
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 If Then answered Job, and said,
+
+2 What assistance hast thou given to the
+powerless? (how) hast thou helped the arm
+without strength?
+
+3 How hast thou counselled the unwise?
+and what sound wisdom hast thou made
+known so i^lentifully?
+
+4 To whom hast thou told words? and
+whose spirit came from thee?
+
+" Rashi supplies here also "God" — "God draweth
+down these mighty ones to punishment : their day Com-
+eth, and they trust not their life." But the whole of
+thi.s chapter is exceedingly difficult to render, as the
+imagery is so rapid, and every one of the commentators
+forms his own opinion.
+
+" i. e. The wicked die often without pain ; they sin and
+depart hence like the good.
+
+° When God surveys the world, tlie dead are again pre-
+sent (born) under his view.
+
+"• After l'inlip|ison ; /. r. (ind expanded the essence of
+Si I
+
+
+5 The departed are called into being" be-
+neath the waters, and their inhabitants.
+
+6 Naked is the nether world before him,
+and there is no covering for the place of cor-
+ruption.
+
+7 He stretched out the north over empty
+space; he suspended tlie earth on nothing;
+
+8 He bound up the waters in his clouds;
+and the cloud bursteth not under tlieir
+weight;
+
+9 He closed up the surface of his throne,
+spreading over it his cloud ;
+
+10 A fixed limit he compassed off over*"
+the face of the waters, for the division of the
+light and darkness.
+
+11 The pillars of heaven tremble greatly,
+and are astounded at his rebuke.
+
+12 By his power he split" in pieces the
+sea, and by his understanding he crushed
+(its) pride:
+
+13 By his breath the heavens (acquired)
+beauty; his hand hath created the flj'ing ser-
+pent.
+
+14 Lo, these are ends of his ways; for how
+slight a whisper is heard (by us) of him !
+but the thunder of his mighty deeds who can
+understand ?
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^ And Job continued taking up his pa-
+rable, and said,
+
+2 As God liveth, who hath removed justice
+from me; and by the Almighty, who hath
+embittered my soul :
+
+3 All the while my breath is in me, and
+the spirit of God is in my nostrils,
+
+4 Shall my lips not speak any wrong, nor
+shall my tongue utter deceit.
+
+5 Far be it from me that I should justify
+you : till I depart hence will I not allow (any
+one) to take my integrity away from me.
+
+6 I have laid fast hold on my righteous-
+ness, and I will not let it go : my heart shall
+
+light over the deep. (Gen. i. 2, 3.) Rashi, "God drew
+a circle over the water to last till light and darkness be
+no more." Wolfson, "His law limitoth the water, and
+fixeth the ends of light and darkness." Arnheim, " He
+drew a circle on the face of the water to the limit of light
+and darkness." Aben Ezra explains, "to where light
+and darkness are separated."
+
+° Rashi, after whom Arnheim, referring to the creation.
+But Philippson, "he stirreth up the sea — breaketh the
+storm — the heavens become clear — and the flying serpent
+(constellation Ophhifhtis) appeareth in the sky "
+
+
+JOB XXVII. XXVIIT.
+
+
+not reproach me (for my conduct) during all
+inv* life.
+
+7 Like the wicked is'' (therefore) ni}- ene-
+my, and he that riseth up against me like a
+wrong-doer.
+
+8 For what is the hope of the hypocrite,
+when- he hath gained unjust wealth, when
+God casteth forth his soul?
+
+9 Will God hear his cry, when distress
+Cometh upon him?
+
+10 Or can he find delight in the Ahnighty?
+can he call on God at all times?
+
+11 I will instruct you concerning what is
+in the hand of God : (the way) which is with
+the Almighty- will I not conceal.
+
+12 Lo! ye yourselves have all beheld it:
+why is it then that ye deal in such vanities?
+
+13 This'' is the portion of a wicked man
+with God, and the portion of tyrants, which
+they shall receive from the Almighty.
+
+14 If his children be multiplied, it is only
+for the sword ; and his offspring will not be
+satisfied with bread.
+
+15 Those of his that are left to escape
+will be buried by death ; and his widows will
+not be able to weep.
+
+16 Though he heap up silver as the dust,
+and prepare garments (as plentifully) as the
+clayj
+
+17 He may prepare, but the righteous will
+clothe himself (therewith), and the silver the
+innocent will divide.
+
+18 He buildeth his house like the moth,
+and like a hut that a keeper hath made.
+
+19 Rich will he lie down, but will not be
+gathered (into the grave) f one openeth his
+eyes, and he is no more.
+
+20 Like a flood will terror overtake him,
+in the night a tempest will steal him away.
+
+' Rashi. Others, " my heart shall not cast blame on
+one of in_y days." ,
+
+•' After Rashi, who regards 'rr •' he will be," as the
+cnnsec|iienec of the preceding verse. So also Philippson
+and Liiwcnthal; not "Let my enemy be."
+
+" Jonathan. Philipp.son, "For what is the hope of the
+ungodly? that God should cut off, that he should take
+away his soul."
+
+'' Philippson considers verses 13 to 23 as containing a
+recapitulation of the arguments of Job's friends, which he
+had already refuted, and called them hence "vanities."
+Rashi, however, views this passage as meaning: Job says,
+" Ye have seen all I relate ; why then will ye be hypo-
+crites, in saying vain things of God?"
+
+'Rashi. Others, "He layeth himself down being
+rich; but he will not be (so) buried; if he were to open
+|iis eyes-^it would bo gone."
+
+
+21 The east \viiid will lift him up, and he
+must be gone; and it hurk^th liim like a
+storm out of his place.
+
+22 And (Godif will cast (evil) upon him.
+and have no pity : out of his hand (his
+wealth)" will surely escape.
+
+23 Men will clap their liands over him,
+and will hiss after him out of his place.
+
+CHAPTER XXVin.
+
+1 For truly there is a source for the silver,
+and a place for the gold which men refine.
+
+2 Iron is taken out of the dust, and the
+stone is melted into copper.
+
+3 x\n end doth he set to darkness, and the
+very utmost limit doth he search out, the
+stones of darkness, and ot the shadow of
+death.
+
+4 He breaketh a channel'' far from the in-
+habited place; those of unsteady foot,* the
+poorest of men move (there alwut).
+
+5 The earth, out of which cometh forth
+bread, is under its surfice turned up as it
+were with fire.
+
+6 Her stones are the place whence the
+sapphire cometh; and golden dust is also
+there ;
+
+7 (On the) path which no bird of prey
+knoweth, and whicli the vulture's eye hath
+not surveyed;
+
+8 (Which) ravenous beasts have never
+trodden, over which the lion hath never
+passed.
+
+9 To the flinty rock he stretcheth forth
+his"" hand; he overtumeth the mountains
+from the root.
+
+10 Amid rocks he heweth out canals;
+and every precious thing doth his eye be-
+hold.
+
+
+' Rashi. Philippson refers it to the storm.
+
+s Aben Ezra. Rashi, "his friend will flee far away."
+Herxheimer, "He casteth away all that is on him, and
+spareth not; he only desireth to flee from its power (of
+the storm);" so also Philippson, the last clause of the
+verse.
+
+'■ The simplest explanation of this difficult verse is to
+assume, with Herxheimer and others, that it refers to
+mining, where channels and galleries are broken, wherein
+the most miserable of men, often slaves and criminals,
+have to take out the ore at the peril of life.
+
+' Lit. "who are forgotten by the foot;" explained by
+Philippson as "those who from their confinement in
+mines are un.steady in their walk."
+
+'' Rashi and Aben l'>,ra refer verses fl to 11 to God,
+as having done so at the creation; but other commenta-
+tors think they refer to man in his mining operations.
+
+S46
+
+
+JOB XXVIII. XXIX.
+
+
+11 The various dropijings" of water he
+aniteth into streams, and what is hidden he
+bringeth forth to light.
+
+12 ^ But wisdom — where shall she be
+found? and where is the place of understand-
+ing?
+
+13 Man knoweth not her value; and she
+is not to be found in the land of the liv-
+ing.
+
+14 The deep saith, Not in me is she : and
+the sea saith, She is not with me.
+
+15 No fine gold can be given in lieu of
+her, and silver cannot be weighed out as her
+price.
+
+16 She cannot be valued with the gold of
+Ophir, with the precious onyx, or the sa]^-
+phire.
+
+17 She cannot be estimated after gold and
+glass; and not in exchange for her (can) ves-
+sels of refined gold (be taken.)
+
+18 Coral and crystal will not be thought of;
+and the value of wisdom is above pearls.
+
+19 She cannot be estimated after the topaz
+of Ethiopia, nor can she be valued with pure
+gold.
+
+20 ^ But wisdom — wlience cometh she?
+and where is the place of understanding?
+
+21 Yea, she is hidden from the eyes of all
+living, and from the fowls of the heavens is
+she concealed.
+
+22 Perdition and death say. With our ears
+have we heard a report of her.
+
+23 God (alone) understandeth her way,
+and he knoweth her place;
+
+24 For he looketh to the ends of the earth,
+(whatever is) under the whole heaven doth
+he see.
+
+25 When he imparted weight unto the
+wind ; and (when) the waters he established
+by measure;
+
+26 When he made a law for the rain, and
+a way for the lightning of (his) thunders :
+
+27 Then did he see her, and make her
+known ; he established her, and also searched
+her out.
+
+28 And he said unto man, Behold, the
+fear of the Loid, that is wisdom; and to
+eschew evil is understanding.
+
+' Philippson; i. e. the various rills wliicli issue forth in
+the mine are united into large canals, thnt the work may
+go forward.
+
+'' Lit. "autumn," /. e. the season when all is ripe.
+Others, "youth."
+846
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ^ And Job continued to take up his pa-
+rable, and said,
+
+2 Who will give me back months like
+those which are past, days like those when
+God guarded me ;
+
+3 When his lamp shone over my head,
+when by his light I could walk in dark-
+ness;
+
+4 As I was in the days of my abundance,''
+when the confidence"' of God was upon my
+tent;
+
+5 When the Almighty was 3'et with me,
+when my servants stood round about me;
+
+6 When I bathed my steps in cream, and
+the rock poured out near me streamlets of
+oil!
+
+7 When I went out to the gate close by
+the city, when in the open place I established
+my seat:
+
+8 Young men saw me, and hid themselves;
+and the aged rose up, and remained stand-
+ing;
+
+9 Princes stopped in the midst of (their)
+words, and laid their hand on their mouth;
+
+10 The voice of nobles was ari-ested, and
+their tongue cleaved to their palate.
+
+11 For the ear that heard me called me
+happy ; and the eye that saw me bore witness
+for me ;
+
+12 Because I delivered the poor that cried,
+and the fatherless, yea, that had none to help
+him.
+
+13 The blessing of him that was ready to
+perish'^ came upon me ; and the heart of the
+widow I caused to sing for joy.
+
+14 I took righteousness as my garment,
+and it clothed me: as a robe and a mitre was
+justice unto me.
+
+15 Eyes was I to the blind; and feet to
+the lame was I.
+
+16 A father was I to the needy; and the
+cause of him I knew not I used to investi-
+gate.
+
+17 And I broke the cutting-teeth of the
+wrong-doer, and out of his teeth I cast down
+his prey.
+
+° Lit. "secret," or "secret counsel." So Rashi, "When
+the pious of the generation came to my tent to be fortified
+in God's law." Others, "friendship."
+
+* Others, "that had to roam about," or "the unliap-
+
+V7-"
+
+
+JOB XXIX. XXX.
+
+
+18 And I said then, "In the midst of my
+nest shall I depart hence, and like the sand"
+shall I have many days.
+
+19 I\Iy root will stand open for the water,
+and the dew will lodge on my boughs.
+
+20 My glory will ever be new with me,
+and my bow will acquire fresh strength in
+my hand."
+
+21 Unto me men listened, and waited, and
+watched in silence for my counsel.
+
+22 After nn' words they made no reply,
+and my speech dropped on them (like dew) .
+
+2.S And they waited for me as for the rain,
+and they opened wide their mouth as for the
+latter rain.
+
+24 I smiled on those that had lost their
+confidence;'' and the light of my countenance
+they never cast down.
+
+25 I chose"" their way for them, and I sat
+as chief, and dwelt as a king in his army, as
+one that comforteth mourners.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 But now thev who are vounger than I
+in years laugh at me, whose fathers I scoi'n-
+ed to put as equals with the dogs of my
+ilocks.
+
+2 Yea, what possible use can the strength
+of their hands be unto me, over whom old
+age hath passed fruitlessly ?
+
+3 Who suffer of want and famine in soli-
+tude; who tlee'" into the wilderness (where
+all is) darkness, ruin, and desolation;
+
+4 Who crop oft" mallows'" by the- liushes,
+and have broom-bush roots as their bread;
+
+5 Who are driven forth from among (men),
+who are shouted after as though they were
+thieves,
+
+6 To dwell in the caverns*^ of the valleys,
+in holes of the earth, and on naked clifts.
+
+7 Among the bushes they shriek: under
+briers'^ they are huddled together,
+
+8 The children of the worthless, yea, the
+
+' Easlii, after Talmud Sanliedriii, 108 h. "^in as the
+name nf a bird, "the phoenix;" so also Arnhcim.
+
+'' Lowenthal and Philippsnn, i:t3N' kS " those who have
+no confidence;" but Aben Ezra, ""When I smiled on
+them, they would not believe it," &c.
+
+° Philippson, "^A'hen I chose to be among them, I sat
+at the head."
+
+* Philippson, "who gnaw the growth of the desert,
+which is long since desolate and waste."
+
+' Arnheim and others, "salty herbs."
+
+' Rashi. Aben Ezra, "in frightful valleys."
+
+
+children of the nameless, who were outcasts
+from the land.
+
+9 But now I am become their song, and
+I am become a byword unto them.
+
+10 They loathe me, they keep themselves
+far from me, and frt)m my face they withhold
+not their spittle.
+
+11 Because he hath loosened the cord of
+my bow,'' and afllicted me, they have also
+cast oft' the bridle before me.
+
+12 Against my right hand rise up this
+swarm of worthless youths : they push away
+my feet, and they level against me their cala-
+mity-bringing paths.
+
+! 13 They destroy my footpath, they help
+forward my downfall, without any one to aid
+them.
+
+14 As (through) a broad breach they come:
+amidst a loud noise they rolled themselves
+along.
+
+15 Terror's have turned their face against
+me; they chase like the wind my glory; and
+like a cloud is my happiness passed away.
+
+16 And now my soul is poured out over
+me; the days of affliction have seized on me;
+
+17 All night it holloweth out my bones
+out of my body; and my pursuers' take no
+
+' rest.
+
+18 Through the Almighty's power'' is my
+garment made unknown: like the opening
+of my coat hath he enclosed' me.
+
+19 He hath cast me into the mire, and I
+am become like dust and ashes.
+
+20 I cry aloud unto thee, but thou answer-
+est me not : I stand up, and thou fixest thy
+regard against me.
+
+21 Thou art changed into a cruel master
+toward me : with the strength of thy hand
+thou assailest me.
+
+22 Thou liftest me up to the wind; thou
+causest me to pass away, and dissolvcst in mo
+all wise counsel.""
+
+23 For I know that thou wilt bring mo
+
+^ Eashi, "nettles," and so rendered elsewhere; here,
+however, evidently something higher, which they could
+hide among. '' Rashi.
+
+' Jonathan and Rashi, as in ver. 3. Ralbag, "my
+pulses." Philippson and others, " those that gnaw at me."
+
+" Herxheiriier and others refer riD 2"»3 to God, who be-
+comes the subject in ver. 20.
+
+' /. e. As tightly as the upper edge of the undcr-eoat
+fits round the neck, so hath God hemmed him in with
+pain.
+
+" Ralbag, taking rrtSTi in the sense it is found in Pro-
+
+847
+
+
+JOB XXX. XXXI.
+
+
+back to death, and to the house of assembly
+for all the living.
+
+24 But doth not a man stretch out his
+hand among ruins? or doth one not cry out
+therefrom (for help) when he meeteth his
+downfall ?'^
+
+25 Did not I weep for him that was hard
+pressed by misfortune? was not my soul
+grieved for the needy?
+
+26 That I hoped for good, but there came
+evil; and I waited for light, and there came
+darkness !
+
+27 My bowels heave, and rest not: the
+days of affliction have overcome me.
+
+28 I walk about mournfull}' without sun-
+light: when I rise up, in the assembly, I
+cry M'ith pain.
+
+29 I am become a brother to (howling)
+monsters, and a companion to ostriches.
+
+30 My skin hangeth down black from me,
+and my bones are burnt from heat.
+
+31 And thus is changed to mourning my
+harp, and my pipe to the sound of weeping.
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+1 A covenant had I made with my ejes:
+how then should I fix my look on a virgin?
+
+2 And what would then have been my
+portion of God from al)ove ? and what lot
+of the Almighty from on high ?
+
+3 Is not calamity (ready) for the unjust?
+and misfortime for the wrong-doers?
+
+4 Behold, he truly seeth my ways, and
+numbereth all my steps;
+
+5 (And knoweth) whether I have walked
+with vain desires, or if my foot hath hastened
+after deceit.
+
+6 Let him weigh me then in a righteous
+balance, and let God acknowledge my integ-
+rity.
+
+7 If my step have turned aside from the
+(proper) way, and my heart have walked
+after my eyes, and if any blemish have
+cleaved to my hands:
+
+8 Then let me sow, and let another eat;
+and let what I have growing be roolsd out.
+
+
+verbs. Rashi, "thou dissolve.'it me by weakness." Phi-
+lippson and Lowcnthal, as riNHyn " amidst -a loud noise,"
+I. r. of the .storm.
+
+" Lowenthal and Philippson. Jonathan, "But lie
+
+(God) will not lay violent hand in wrath on men when
+
+they pray to him in time of affliction." Horxhcimor,
+
+"But may ho not stretch out his hand against ruins;
+
+848
+
+
+9 If my heart have been beguiled toward
+a woman, or if I have lain in wait at my
+neighbour's door:
+
+10 Then may my wife labour at the mill
+for another, and may strangers ill-use her;
+
+11 For this would be incest; yea, it would
+be an iniquity (to be punished by) the judges;
+
+12 For it would be a fire that consumeth
+doAvn to the place of corruption, and would
+root out all my products.
+
+13 If ever I cast aside the justice due to
+my man-servant and my maid-servant, when
+they contended with me :
+
+14 What then could I do when God should
+rise up? and Avhen he should investigate,
+what could I answer him ?
+
+15 Did not he that made me make him
+born of a woman ? and did not the same one
+fashion us in the womb?
+
+16 If ever I denied the wish of the indi-
+gent, or ever allowed the eyes of the widow
+to fail (in vain hopes);
+
+17 Or if ever I ate my bread by myself
+alone, and the fatherless did not eat thereof;
+
+18 (For from my youth he was brought
+up with me, as though we were of one'' father,
+and I have guided her (as though she was
+sprung) from my mother's womb;)
+
+19 If ever I saw any one perishing for
+want of clothing, or the needy without cover-
+ing;
+
+20 If his loins have not blessed me, and if
+he have not been warmed w'ith the fleece of
+my sheep;
+
+21 If I have swung my hand against the
+fatherless, because I saw in the gate those
+that would help me :
+
+22 Tlien may my shoulder fall from my
+shoulder-blade, and my arm be broken from
+the channel-bone ;
+
+23 For dreaded I)y me was the calamitous
+punishment of God, and against his highness
+I can" accomplish nothing.
+
+24 If I have made gold my confidence, or
+have said to the fine gold, Thou art my trust;
+
+25 If ever I rejoiced because my wealth
+
+
+or do they (death and the grave) find help in their de-
+struction?" Others, "He will not lay his hand on the
+grave ; surely in the downfall (of death) there is help fur
+all." The verse is very diificult and obscure.
+
+'' Wolfson; but Rashi, "this virtue raised me like a
+father," &c.
+
+° J'hilippson, "could."
+
+
+JOB XXXT. XXXIT.
+
+
+was abuiidant. and because my hand had
+gotten much;
+
+26 If ever I looked at the hght (of the
+sun) when he shone brightly and on the
+moon walking in splendour;
+
+27 And my heart became misled in secret,
+and my hand kissed my mouth:"
+
+28 This also were an iniquity to be pu-
+nished by the judge; for thus would I have
+denied the God that is above.
+
+29 If ever I rejoiced at the downfall of
+him that hated me, or was elated when evil
+befell him; —
+
+30 But I sufiered not my mouth to sin by
+denouncing with a curse his soul; —
+
+31 If the men of my tent said not, Oh is
+there one that is not satisfied of his tlesh; —
+
+32 In the street a stranger had not to
+lodge; my doors I held open to the road-
+side ;
+
+33 If I covered up my transgressions like
+a common man, by hiding in my bosom my
+ini(iuity;
+
+34 Because I dreaded the great multitude,
+or because the contempt of families did ter-
+rify me, so that I kept silence, and dared not
+to go out of the door;*" —
+
+35 Oh who will bring me one that would
+hear me! behold, here is my plea; may the
+Almighty answer me ; and any record" which
+my opponent may have written, —
+
+36 Surely upon my shoulder would I carry
+it:'' I would bind it as a crown unto me.
+
+37 The number of my steps would I tell
+him: as (to) a prince would I go near unto
+him. —
+
+38 If my land ever cried out because of
+me, or if its furrows wept together;
+
+39 If I ever consumed its strength with-
+out payment, or caused the soul of its
+owners'" to grieve :
+
+40 Then may instead of wheat, thorns
+come forth, and instead of barley, cockle.
+(Here end the words of Job.)
+
+
+* i'. e. Offering the sligbtest token of homage, by touch-
+ing the mouth with the hand, as was probably the cus-
+tom of idolaters of the Zabean kind.
+
+^ The conclusion of the sentence is in verse 40.
+° TDD docs not mean necessarily "book," but any con-
+nected writing. Others, " lot my opponent write," &c.
+
+* Eashi, and so Arnheim, "I would carry him (the
+opponent) on my shoulder, I would bind crowns on him
+
+for my sake."
+
+60
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+1 Tf So had these three men abstained
+from answering Job; because he was right-
+eous in his own eyes.
+
+2 ll Thereupon was kindled the wrath of
+Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the
+fiimil}' of Ram: against Job was his wrath
+kindled, because he had declai'ed himself
+more righteous than God.
+
+3 And against his three friends was his
+wrath kindled; because they had found no
+answer, and yet had condemned Job.
+
+4 Now Elihu had held back toward Job
+(his) words; because the others were older in
+days than he.
+
+5 But when Elihu saw tliat there was no
+answer in the mouth of these three men,
+then was his wrath kindled.
+
+6 Tl And Elihu the son of Barachel the
+Buzite commenced, and said, Young am I
+in days, and ye are very old: therefore I
+hesitated and feared to show you what I
+know.
+
+7 I had said. Days shall speak, and multi-
+tude of years shall make wisdom known.
+
+8 But it is the spirit in man, and the
+breath of the Almighty which giveth them
+understanding.^
+
+9 Not those rich in years must be always
+wise : neither do the aged constantly under-
+stand what is just.
+
+10 Therefore do I say. Hearken to me: I
+also will show forth what I know myself.
+
+11 Behold, I waited for your words: I
+gave an attentive ear to your reasonings, till
+you might have searched out the (proper)
+words.
+
+12 And now I understand you fully, and,
+behold, there is none that convinceth Job, or,
+that answereth his speeches among you.
+
+13 Say then not. We have found wisdom:
+God will thrust him down, not man.^
+
+14 But he hath not directed anv words
+
+
+' Rashi, "those who occupied it as tillers on half pro-
+fit." Others render, "caused its owners to breathe
+out their soul."
+
+' Jonathan, "In truth the spirit of prophecy is in man,
+and the word of God giveth them understanding."
+
+* Wolfson, "the one who is no man." The text as
+here given is simple, " God will convince him, not a man ;"
+and this was the wisdom they had discovered, that (iod
+would ultimately prove that Job had sinned.
+
+849
+
+
+JOB XXXII. XXXIII.
+
+
+against me: and with your speeches will 1
+not answei' him.
+
+15 They are dismayed, they answer no
+more: words have escaped away from them.
+
+16 And should I wait (longer), because
+they cannot speak, because they stand still
+and answer no moi'e?
+
+17 (But) I also will surely answer my
+part, I myself also will show lijrth what I
+know ;
+
+18 For I am full of words, the spirit in my
+bosom urgeth me hard.
+
+19 Behold, my bosom is like (fresh) wine
+which hath not been opened: like new" bot-
+tles it is ready to burst.
+
+20 I will speak, that I may breathe freer:
+I will open my lips and answer.
+
+21 On no account wall I show undue fa-
+vour to any man, and to no son of earth will
+I give flattering titles.
+
+22 For I know not to give flattering titles;
+(for else) my Maker would speedily carry
+me away.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 Therefore do thou but hear, 0 Job, my
+speeches, and give ear to all my words.
+
+2 Behold now, I have opened my mouth,
+my tongue speaketh in my mouth.''
+
+3 Out of my straightforward heart (come)
+my sayings; and my lips utter kuowdedge
+clearly.
+
+4 The spirit of God hath made me, and
+the breath of the Almighty giveth me life.
+
+5 If thou canst, answer me, array thyself
+before me, stand forward.
+
+G Behold, I am in the same relation as
+thyself toward God:'' I myself also am cut
+out of the clay.
+
+7 Behold, dread of me cannot terrify thee,
+and my pressure* will not be too heavy upon
+thee.
+
+8 But thou hast said before my ears, and
+the sound of the words I still hear,
+
+
+' ?'. e.. Bottles containing new wine, the fermentation
+of wliich bursts them.
+
+" Hob. "pahite."
+
+" Aben Ezra. Rashi, "I am here, as thou hast asked,
+in God's place, and for him do I speak his words."
+
+'' Jonathan and Rashi. '-JOX from tj^x "to force," "to
+urge;" h(mce the noun, "that which presscth hard" —
+"tiie burden." Abcn Ezra, "my hand," like '£3:3 with
+paragogic N.
+
+• Rashi, "pretexts."
+860
+
+
+9 " I am pure without transgression, I am
+cpiite clean; and there is no iniquity in me:
+
+10 Yet, behold, he findeth hateful back-
+sliding*" on me, he regardeth me as an enemy
+unto him;
+
+11 He putteth my feet in the stocks, he
+watcheth all my paths."
+
+12 Behold, in this thou art not just: I
+will answer thee ; for God is far greater than
+a mortal.
+
+13 Why dost thou contend against him?
+for with*^ all his words will he not give an
+answer.
+
+14 For God speaketh once, yea twice: (yet
+man) regardeth it not.
+
+15 In a dream, in a vision of the night,
+when deep sleep falleth upon men, in slum-
+bers upon the couch:
+
+16 Then doth he lay open the ear of men,
+and sealeth it with their warning;^
+
+17 To remove the son of earth (from his
+intended) deed ; and he covereth up pride
+from man ;
+
+18 He withholdeth his soul from the pit,
+and his life from passing away by the sword.
+
+19 And so is he admonished by pain upon
+his couch, and all his bones with violent
+(aches)."
+
+20 So that his inclination' abhorreth bread,
+and his soul, the most agreeable food.
+
+21 His flesh is consumed away, that it
+cannot be seen; and his bones that were not
+seen stick out.
+
+22 Yea, his soul draweth near unto the
+pit, and his life to those that slay.
+
+23 If there be now about him one single
+angel, as defender, one out of a thousand, to
+tell for man his uprightness :''
+
+24 Then is he gracious unto him, and
+saith. Release him from going down to the
+pit, I have found an atonement.
+
+25 His flesh becometh full again as in
+youth: he returneth to the days of his boy-
+hood.
+
+
+' i. c. Only partially he reveals his acts to man. Herx-
+hcimer, "concerning." Liiwenthal, " that he giveth no
+answer concerning all his doings,"
+
+^ Rashi, "Ho sealeth and bindeth them with sufFeringa
+for their iniquity."
+
+^ Ralbag. Rashi, "all his bones that were so strong."
+Loweiithal and others, " with violent contest in his limbs."
+
+' Lit. "life;" here the appetite necessary to .sustain life.
+
+" Philippson: "If there come to him one angel aa
+interpreter — to tell man what is just fur him."
+
+
+JOB XXXITT. XXXIY.
+
+
+26 lie will offer his entreaty unto Cod,
+and he will receive him in favour, that he
+may see his face with joy : so doth He re-
+compense unto the mortal his i-i^hteousness.
+
+27 He then should assemble" men around,
+and say, "I had sinned, and perverted what
+is right, yet have I not received a like return."''
+
+28 Thus he redeemetli his- soul from pass-
+ing into the pit, and his life will look joy-
+ously on the light.
+
+29 Lo, all these things doth God two or
+three times with man;
+
+30 To bring back his soul from the pit,
+that she may shine in the light of life.
+
+31 Listen well, 0 Job, hearken unto me:
+keep silence, and I will truly speak.
+
+32 If thou hast any words, answer me:
+speak, for I wish to justify thee.
+
+33 If not, hearken thou unto nie : keep
+silence, and I will teach thee wisdom.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ^ And Elihu commenced, and said,
+
+2 Hear, 0 ye wise men, my words; and
+ye that have knowledge, give ear unto me.
+
+3 For the ear prol^eth words, as tlie palate
+tasteth the food.'*
+
+4 Let us choose for ourselves what is just:
+let us acknowledge between ourselves what
+is good.
+
+5 For Job hath said, "I am righteous; and
+Cod hath taken away justice from me.
+
+6 Should I lie concerning the justice due
+me? incurable is (my wound from) the ai'-
+row I bear in me without any ti'ansgres-
+sion."
+
+7 What man is there like Job, who drink-
+eth scorning like water,
+
+8 And is on the road to keep company
+with the wrong-doers, and to walk M'ith men
+of wickedness?
+
+9 For he hath said, "It profiteth a man
+nothing when he acteth according to the
+pleasure of Cod."
+
+10 Therefore ye men of sense hearken
+
+
+* Kasbi, from rrilty "a row." Lowentlial and others,
+"he will sing aloud among men."
+
+* Rashi. Others, "which profited me nothing," as in
+Esther vi. 13.
+
+° So the Keri. Philippson and LiJwenthal, after the
+Kelib, make this a continuation of verse 27, and render,
+" he hath delivered my soul," &c.
+
+^ Lit. "to eat."
+
+
+unto me: far is it from Cod to practise wick-
+edness; and from the Almighty to do wrong!
+
+11 For the work of a son of earth doth he re-
+compense unto him, and according to the path
+of man doth he permit things to occur to him.
+
+12 Yea, surely Cod will not condemn un-
+jftstly, nor will the Almighty pervert justice.
+
+13 Who hath given him a charge concern-
+ing the earth? or who hath intrusted (him)'
+the whole woi'ld?
+
+14 If he were to set his heart upon man,
+he would gather unto himself his spirit and
+his breath ;
+
+15 All flesh would perish together, and the
+son of cartli would return again unto dust.
+
+16 If then thou wishest to understand,
+hear this: give ear to the sound of my
+words.
+
+17 Is it possible that he who liateth justice
+should govern? or wilt thou condemn the
+righteous mighty One?
+
+18 (Is it fit) to say*^ to a king. Thou art
+worthless? and to princes, Ye are wicked?
+
+19 Whereas he is one that showeth no fa-
+vour to chieftains, and distinguisheth not the
+rich before the indigent; for all of them are
+the work of his hands.
+
+20 In a moment will they die, and in the
+midst of the night, people are moved, and
+pass away: and the mighty wall be removed
+without a human hand.
+
+21 For liis eyes are upon the ways of man,
+and all his steps doth he see.
+
+22 There is no darkness, nor shadow of
+death, where the evil-doers can hide them
+selves.
+
+23 For he need not direct/^ (his attention)
+a long time upon man, that he should enter
+into judgment before God.
+
+24 He breaketh down mighty men without
+(long) searching, and placeth otliers in their
+stead.
+
+25 For the reason that he knoweth their
+deeds: therefore he overturneth them in the
+night, and they are crushed.
+
+
+" Aben Ezra, " who created the whole world ?" Lb-
+wenthal, " who watcheth," &c.
+
+' Rashi, Jonathan, Aben Ezra, kc. Others, after the
+Septuagint, "Who saith to a king, Thou art worthless,
+and to princes, Ye are wicked ?"
+
+* Rashi, "For be will not lay undue charges on man,
+that he should have to enter into a trial before God." The
+text here means, God's knowledge is always sure.
+
+851
+
+
+JOB XXXIV. XXXV.
+
+
+2C Among wicked men" doth he strike
+them, in the pLice where (many) see them;
+
+27 Because they have departed from follow-
+ing him, and have not considered all his ways,
+
+28 Bringing before them the cry of the
+indigent, and the cry of the afflicted which
+he had to hear.
+
+29 When he now granteth rest, who will
+condemn (him) ? and when he hideth his
+face, who can behold him? whether it be
+against a nation, or against one man, it is
+the same :
+
+30 That no hypocritical man may reign,
+that such shall not be a snare to the people.''
+
+31 For truly it is only fitting to say unto
+God, "I bear (cheerfully), I will not do any
+wrong ;
+
+32 What I cannot see myself, do thou truly
+teach me; if I have done what is unjust, I
+will do so no more."
+
+33 Should he then according to thy view
+send a recompense, because thou hast rejected
+him? "Because thou must choose, and not
+I?"° and what thou knowest, do speak.
+
+34 Men of sense will say unto me, and
+every wise man who heareth me,
+
+35 That Job hath not spoken with know-
+ledge, and that his words are without intel-
+ligence.
+
+36 Oh that Job"* may therefore be probed
+continually, in order to give answers against
+sinful men."
+
+37 For he addeth unto his sin transgres-
+sion: among us he uttereth too many loud
+words,*^ and multiplieth his speeches against
+God.
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 ^ Then commenced Elihu, and said.
+
+
+* Raslii, "In their own place dotli he strike the wick-
+ed." Others, "because they are wicked." Others, "in
+lieu of the (/. e. as though they were) wicked." The
+difficulty is in the word nnn, literally, "under."
+
+'' Lowcnthal and Hcrxheinier. Philippson, "That
+there may not reign a hypocrite, one of those who mis-
+lead the people." Arnheim, gives the last part, "nor a
+people be a snare."
+
+° Arnheim, after Rashi, who refer "rejected" to Job's
+words: "I despise it, I wish to live always." The words,
+"thou must choose," are regarded as Elihu's speaking
+in the name of God. Philippson, "Behold, on thee too
+will he accomplish it. For thou must reject it, thou
+must accept it, not I; and what thou hast now discovered
+as true, that do thou speak;" /. r. he calls on Job to ac-
+eept or reject his theory of the divint' gcivcniiueiit.
+
+a52
+
+
+2 Dost thou deem this to be just, that thou
+hast said, "My righteousness is more than
+God's?"
+
+3 For thou sayest, " What benefit will it
+be unto thee? what more profit shall I have,
+than if I had sinned ?"
+
+4 I will truly reply unto thee with words,
+and unto thy friends with thee.
+
+5 Look unto the heavens, and see; and
+gaze on the skies which are higher than thou.
+
+6 If thou sin, what dost thou effect against
+him ? and if thy transgressions be multiplied,
+what canst thou do unto him ?
+
+7 If thou be righteous, what givest thou
+him? or what doth he accept out of thy
+hand?
+
+8 A man like thyself thy wickedness may
+reach, and a son of earth thy righteousness.
+
+9 By reason of the multitude of oppres-
+sions (the wicked) cause men to cry: these
+complain aloud because of the arm of the
+mighty.
+
+10 But (man)- saith not, Where is God
+my maker, Avho bestoweth joyful songs even
+in the night;
+
+11 Who teacheth us more than the beasts
+of the earth, and maketh us wiser than the
+fowls of the heavens?
+
+12 There do they cry, but he answereth
+not; because of the pride of evil men.
+
+13 Only what is false'' will God not hear,
+nor will the Almighty regard it.
+
+14 Although thou sayest, thou canst not
+see him : yet the decision is before him ; and
+do thou wait for him.'
+
+15 But now, because his anger hath pu-
+nished nothing,'' shall he not greatly take
+cognizance of the multitude of sins?
+
+16 But Job openeth wide his mouth for
+
+
+'' Jonathan, "^N from n3N, "to desire," "it is my wish."
+Others, from 3N, " ftither," "O my heavenly Father!"
+
+" Rashi. Aben Ezra, "because of his answer after the
+manner of sinful men."
+
+' Rashi and Aben p]zra. Others, "he elappcth (his)
+hands;" hence, Philippson, "he scorneth."
+
+* /. e. The sufferers cry, but think not on God. Rashi,
+however, "The wicked saith not, &c. who cutteth down
+the evil in the night," referring to Amraphel, tlie
+fjgyptians and other sinners.
+
+'' /. f. The crying of those spoken of in verse 9 is deceit-
+ful, they think not of God.
+
+' Arnheim, "it," i. c. the decision.
+
+' Jjowenthal. Rashi, "And now know that his ])resent
+visitation on thee is nothing, and he hath not fully re
+garded the multitude (of thy sins)."
+
+
+JOB XXXV. XXXVI.
+
+
+noni:lit: witliout knowle(l,i;v he iR'apeth up
+words,
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+1 T[ Then continued Elihii,anil said,
+
+2 Wait for me a little, and I will instruct
+thee; for (I have) still some words on God's
+behalf
+
+3 I will lift up my knowledge for him"
+who is afxr, and for my jNIaker will I obtain-
+righteousness.
+
+4 For truly no falsehood is (in) my words:
+one that is upright in (his) opinions (dealeth
+now) with thee.
+
+5 Behold, God is mighty, and despiseth
+not any : he is mighty in strengtli oi' intel-
+
+'lect.''
+
+6 He permitteth not the wicked to live;
+but he procureth justice for the afflicted.
+
+7 He withdraweth not his eyes from the
+righteous; but (he placeth them) with kings'"
+on the throne: 3-ea, he doth establish them
+for ever, and they are exalted.
+
+8 And if they be bound in fetters, and if
+they be entangled'' in the cords of affliction :
+
+9 Then doth he tell them of their work,
+and of their transgressions, when they had
+become strong.
+
+10 And he openeth thus their ear to cor-
+rection, and saith that they should return
+from wrong-doing.
+
+11 If they hearken and serv-e (him)," they
+will spend their days in happiness, and their
+years in pleasures.
+
+12 But if they hearken not, they will pass
+away through the sword, and they will perish
+in want of knowledge.
+
+13 But the hypocrites in heart persevere''
+in wrath; they will not offer entreaty when
+he bindeth them:
+
+" God ; as in the end of the verse.
+
+"Heb. "heart."
+
+■= Philippson, "And kings on the throne, he letteth
+•hem sit continually, and maketh them still higher." nxi
+m this manner, not "with," but merely as the sign of
+the objective case.
+
+" Lit. "caught."
+
+' Rashi. Others, "subject themselves."
+
+' Rashi; literally, "lay up anger," i. e. they utter their
+blasphemy, as though they suffered wrong at the hands
+of God.
+
+^ Lit. "their." |
+
+" Herxheimer. Philippson, "Also thee hath excited,
+not distress, but abundance, there was nothing firm under !
+it; and what was set on thy table so full of fatness. |
+
+
+14 Their .soul will die in youth, and tlieir
+life, among the incestuous.
+
+15 He delivereth the afflicted through his
+affliction, and openeth through oppression
+his° ear.
+
+IG And also thee hath he incited away
+from the'' jaws of distress into a wide space,
+on the site of which there is no straitness;
+and what is set on thy table is full of fa1>
+ness.
+
+17 But if thou art full of the judgment of
+the wicked: (divine) judgment and decree
+will support each other.
+
+18 For tliere would be fury, if aught were
+to incite thee to utter an abundance (of re-
+bellious words);' and the greatness of the
+infliction must not mislead thee.
+
+19 Will he esteem thy riches?'' no, not
+gold ore, nor all the highest forces of
+strength.
+
+20 Desire then not eagerly the night,
+when nations pass away in their place.
+
+21 Take heed, turn not thyself to wrong-
+doing, so that thou wouldst choose this
+because of (thy) affliction.
+
+22 Behold, God is exalted by his power:
+who is an instructer like him?
+
+23 Who hath given him a charge concern-
+ing his way? or who hath ever said. Thou
+hast acted unjustly?
+
+24 Reflect, that thou shouldst magnify his
+work, which (other) men have beheld.'
+
+25 All men have looked at it (with as-
+tonishment) ; the mortal gazeth at it from
+afar.
+
+26 Behold, God is great, and we compre-
+hend him not, the number of his years can
+truly not be searched out.
+
+27 For he taketh away" drops of w'ater,
+which are purified into rain in his mist;
+
+
+Therefore thou art full of the guilt of the wicked, and
+decree and justice follow thereupon. But the fury — let
+not this incite thee against the chastisement, (p21i/, not
+abundance, but a blow with the hand,) and let the great-
+ness of the atonement not mislead thee."
+
+' Rashi; Herxheimer, "The abundance of the fury
+must not," &c.
+
+■^ Arnheim, "Would this be equal to thy prayer? No
+gold, and nothing gained through exertions." Herx-
+■ heimer, "Should he ordain help for thee without distress,
+and without any exertion of strength?"
+
+' Lbwenthal, "praise," or "sing."
+
+" The vapours arise from the water on the surface of the
+earth, and though the sea is salt and briny, the rain conies
+down pure aud swert after being held in the atmosphere.
+
+8.53
+
+
+JOB XXXVI. XXXVII.
+
+
+28 These drop down out of the skies ; they
+distil upon the multitude of men.
+
+29 But (what man) can understand the
+outspreadings of the clouds? the tumult of
+his" tabernacle?
+
+30 Behold, he spreadeth out over it his
+light, and covereth up the roots* of the sea.
+
+31 For by means of them he judgeth na-
+tions, he giveth food in superfluity.
+
+32 (His) hands'' he covereth with light;
+and he commandeth it to strike the one who
+striveth against him.
+
+33 The noise of his storm telleth of it, yea,
+the cattle also, of the rising tempest.''
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+1 At this also my heart trembleth, and is
+moved upward out of its place.
+
+2 Hear, 0 hear, the rattling of his thunder,
+and the storm's roar that goeth out of his
+moutli.
+
+3 Under the whole heavens he letteth it
+loose, and his lightning over the ends of the
+earth.
+
+4 Behind it roareth the thunder; he thun-
+dereth with his majestic voice; and lie hold-
+eth them not back when his voice is heard.
+
+5 God thundereth with his marvellous
+voice : he doth great things, which we cannot
+comprehend.
+
+G For to the snow he saith, Be thou on
+the earth: likewise to the pouring rain, and
+to the pouring rains of his strength.
+
+7 He sealeth it on'' the hand of every man,
+tliat all men whom he hath made may
+know it.
+
+8 Then retire the beasts into (their) dens,
+and rest in their lairs.
+
+9 Out of (his) chamber cometh the whirl-
+wind, and out of the north' the cold.
+
+' Figurative for "the thunder," the noise (or "crash-
+ing"— Herxheimer) in God's tabernacle, the overhanging
+sky.
+
+" /. e. The bottom.
+
+° Herxheimer; meaning, God's hands are, so to say,
+covered with his lightnings, and he hurls them against
+tho'st who rise up against him; ;?'j3a "who meeteth;"
+or, ;i3 Li.wenthal, "who is to be met," or "struck."
+llashi, in the light of "one who prayeth," and translates,
+"The (violence of) hands covereth up the light (for, the
+rain which is to enlighten, refresh the earth); but he or-
+daineth it to come in answer to him who meeteth him with
+prayer."
+
+'' This verse is mainly given after Aben Ezra.
+
+'Jonathan. Aben Ezra, "It (the rain) keepeth all
+
+
+10 From the breathing of God ice is given,
+and the broad waters become solid.^
+
+11 Also with moisture'' he loadeth the
+cloud; (and) he scattereth the cloud of his
+lightning;
+
+12 And it is turned round about by his
+guidance, to execute what he commandeth
+it upon the face of the world, the earth.
+
+13 Whether it be as a chastising rod — if
+this be destined for his earth — or for kind-
+ness, doth he cause it come.
+
+14 Give ear unto this, 0 Job : stand still,
+and consider well the wonders of God.
+
+15 Dost thou know how God hath imposed
+(a law) on them, and (how) he hath caused
+the light of his cloud to shine?
+
+IG Dost tliou know aught about the ba-
+lancings of the clouds, the wondrous works
+of him who is perfect in knowledge?
+
+17 (Thou) who clothest thyself with
+warm garments, when He giveth the earth
+rest from the south wind?
+
+IS Hast thou with him spread out the
+skies, which are strong even as a molten
+mirror?
+
+19 Let us know what we shall say unto
+him: we cannot set aught in order (before
+him) because of darkness.
+
+20 Can (all) be related of him, when I
+speak (ever so much) ? or if a man talk
+(of him) even till he be swallowed up (in
+death) ?
+
+21 Yet now men see not the light which
+is bright in the skies, when the wind hath
+passed along, and purified them,
+
+22 The golden (light) that cometh out of
+the north: around God is terrible majesty.
+
+23 The Almighty, whom we cannot find
+out, excellent in power, and in justice, and
+abounding in righteousness, will not afflict:
+
+men within their houses." But it means here, that God
+impresses this deeply on man, that all may recognise his
+power.
+
+' Kalbag; but Philippson, iu the sense this word is
+found in the Mishnah, renders it with "bottles," as
+though the cold were tied up in wine-skins, to be let
+loose when needed.
+
+8 I'hilippsou, pxin "hard like metal." Others, "strait-
+ened."
+
+'' n "moisture," after one opinion cited by Aben
+Ezra; another is to take n3 as "brightness:" ".\lso
+when a bright sky chaseth away the cloud," &c.
+
+' Philippson ; meaning, man, when the south (summer)
+wind ceases to blow, must uecds clothe himself warmly j
+so weak is he; and he will know the ways of God?
+
+
+JOR XXXVII. XXXVIII.
+
+
+24 Therefore do men fear him;" lie
+specteth not any that are Avise of heart.
+
+
+re-
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+1 ][ Then did the Lord address Job out
+of the storm-wind, and said,
+
+2 Who is this that casteth darkness (on
+my) counsel by words without knowledge?
+
+3 Do but gird uy) like a mighty man thy
+loins: and I will ask thee, and do thou in-
+form me.
+
+4 Where wast thou when I laid the founda-
+tions of the earth? tell it, if thou hast'' any
+understanding (of it).
+
+5 Who fixed her measurements, if thou
+knowest it? or who stretched the measuring-
+line over her?
+
+6 Upon what are her foundation-pillars
+placed at rest?" or who laid her corner-stone:
+
+7 When altogether sang the morning stars
+in gladness, and shouted for joy all the sons
+of God?
+
+8 And who closed up with doors the sea,
+when, issuing forth, it came out of the deep
+bosom of the earth ?
+
+9 When I made the clouds its garment,
+and thick tog its swaddling-cloth,
+
+10 And when I decreed for it my law,*
+and set (for it) bars and doors,
+
+11 And said. Thus far mayest thou come,
+but no farther; and here shall be stayed (thy
+strength)" in the pride of thy waves?
+
+12 Didst thou ever, in all thy days,*^ com-
+mand the morning; didst thou ever assign
+the morning-dawn its place:
+
+13 That it might lay hold of the ends of
+the earth, so that the wicked might be shaken
+out therefrom?
+
+14 She is changed as the sealing-clay :^ and
+(all things) stand as though newly clad.*"
+
+15 And from the wicked is their light
+withdrawn, and the high-raised arm is
+broken.
+
+16 Didst thou ever penetrate as far as the
+
+
+' Arnbeim, "Therefore fear ye him, 0 mortals!" Phi-
+lippson, "yet do not see him the wise in spirit."
+
+" Heb. "knowest understanding."
+
+° Lit. "made to sink."
+
+^ Jonathan. Rashi, "I have set for it broken-in shores
+(to restrain it), and these are its law, which it cannot
+pass."
+
+° Aben Ezra.
+
+' Aruheim, " Uast thou commanded during all," &c.
+
+' During the dark, nothing is prominent on earth; but
+
+
+springs of the sea? or wander through the
+bottom of the deep ?
+
+17 Were the gates of death ever laid open
+unto thee ? or canst thou see the doors of the
+shadow of death ?
+
+1 8 Hast thou a clear understanding of the
+breadth of the earth? Tell it, if thou know-
+est it all.
+
+19 Where is the way (to the spot where)
+the light dwelleth ? and the darkness — where
+is its place,
+
+20 That thou mightest take each to its
+l)oundarv, and that thou miditest mark the
+pathways to its house?
+
+21 Thou (surely) knowest it; because thou
+wast then born, and the number of thy days
+is great !
+
+22 Didst thou ever enter into the trea-
+
+
+tl
+
+
+le
+
+
+suries of the snow? or canst thou see
+treasuries of the hail,
+
+23 Which I have reserved for the time of
+distress, for the day of fight and battle?
+
+24 Where is the way (to the spot where)
+the light divideth itself, (where) the east
+wind is scattered over the earth?
+
+25 Who hath divided ofl' watercour,ses for
+the overflowing rain, and a way for the
+lightning (tliat is followed by) thunders,
+
+26 To bring rain on a land, void of men;
+on a wilderness wherein no son of earth (is
+found) ;
+
+27 To satisfy waste and desolate lands;
+and to promote the growth of the tender
+grass ?
+
+28 Hath the rain a father? or who hath
+begotten the drops of the dew ?
+
+29 Out of whose womb cometh forth the
+ice? and the hoary frost of heaven — who
+giveth birth to it?
+
+30 (When) like a stone the waters are
+congealed,' and the face of the deep is bound
+in fetters?
+
+31 Canst thou bind together the chains of
+the Pleiades, or loosen the bands of Orion ?
+
+with the dawn of day, every thing appears in a new im-
+pression, as the clay is changed by the impression of the
+seal. Clay seals were appended to documents, as has
+been exhibited in the late discoveries of Layard in the
+ruins of Nineveh.
+
+'' Aben Ezra, who supplies "men." Philippson, "(the
+wicked) hide themselves as with a garment."
+
+' Heb. "hide themselves," ('. e. to the eye the water is
+hidden by being ice. Others, "(.^s with) a stone the
+waters are hidden."
+
+»5j
+
+
+JOB XXXVIII. XXXIX.
+
+
+32 Canst thou bring furtli the constella-
+tions of the zodiac, each in its season? or
+canst thou guide the Bear with its young?"
+
+33 Knowest thou the laws of heaven? or
+dost thou aj^point its rule on tlie earth?
+
+34 Canst tliou lift up to the clouds thy
+voice, that the abundance of waters may
+cover thee?
+
+35 Canst tliou send out lightnings, that
+they may go, and say unto thee, Here are we?
+
+36 Who hath put wisdom in the dark
+clouds?'' or who hath given understanding to
+the bright meteors?
+
+37 Who ordaineth" the skies with wisdom?
+or who emptieth out the bottles of heaven,
+
+38 Wlien tlie dust is poured out as molten
+metal, and the clods are made to cleave fast
+together?
+
+39 Dost thou liunt i'or the lioness her prey?
+and suppliest thou the food for the young
+lions,
+
+40 When they are couched in their lairs,
+rest in the thicket, lying in wait?
+
+41 Who provideth for the raven his provi-
+sion? wdien his young ones cry unto God,
+and wander about for lack of food?
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+1 Knowest thou the time when the cha-
+mois" of the rock bring forth? or markest
+thou when the hinds do calve?
+
+2 Numberest thou the montlis of gestation
+which they complete? and knowest thou the
+time when they bring forth ?
+
+3 They bend themselves; they drop their
+young ones; they throw ofl" their pains.
+
+4 Their littles ones become strong; they
+grow up in the open field; they go forth, and
+return not unto them.
+
+5 Who sent out the wild ass free? or who
+loosened the bonds of tlie forest-ass?
+
+G To whom I assigned the wilderness as his
+house, and the salty land as his dwellings.
+
+
+' This is said to signify the three stars called the tail
+of the Bear.
+
+'' Lowenthal, taking mna, rendered in Ps. li. 8 "in-
+ward parts," for what is not distinctly seen; so 'OB' (from
+nDty "to behold,") what is readily seen, here the brilliant
+meteors. Jonathan renders, " Who hath put wisdom in
+the reins, or who hath given understanding to the
+heart?" Philippson, "images of light — images of the
+dr."
+
+' Rashi. Others, " Who numbereth the clouds ;" but
+their niiiribcring requires organization, hence "ordaJMcfh."
+
+
+7 He laugheth at tlie noise of a town, and
+the shoutings of the driver he heareth not.
+
+8 What he espieth on the mountains is his
+pasture, and after every green thing doth
+he search.
+
+9 Will the forest'Ox'' be willing to serve
+thee, or will he stay over night at thy crib?
+
+10 Canst thou bind the forest-ox with a
+rope (to labour) in the furrow ? or will he
+harrow valleys, following after thee ?
+
+11 Wilt thou trust him, because his
+strength is great? and wilt thou leave to
+him thy labour?
+
+12 Wilt thou confide in him, that he
+should bring home thy seed, and gather it
+into thy threshing- floor? —
+
+13 The wing of the ostrich moveth joy-
+fully: hath she the pinions and plumage of
+the careful stork?"
+
+14 (No,) for she intrusteth her eggs to the
+earth, and letteth them be hatched out on the
+dust;
+
+15 And she forgetteth that a foot may
+crush thein, or that the beast of the field
+may stamp them down.
+
+IG He hath made her callous against her
+young, as though they were not hers: her
+labour is in vain, (but she feeleth) no dread;
+
+17 Because God hath denied her wisdom,
+and he hath not imparted to her understand-
+ing.
+
+18 At the time she raiseth herself up on
+high, she laugheth at the horse and his rider.
+
+19 Dost thou give the horse strength? dost
+thou clothe his neck with the rolling mane?'^
+
+20 Canst thou make him jump like a lo-
+cust? his majestic snort is terrible.
+
+21 Men spy about in the valley, and lie
+rejoiceth in his strength : he goeth forth to
+meet the armed array.*-'
+
+22 He laugheth at fear, and is not dismay-
+ed; and turneth not back from before the
+sword.
+
+
+■' Arnheim leaves on untranslated, "reem." Philipp-
+son, "buifalo."
+
+" Lowenthal. Philippson, m'Dn, not as the name,
+"stork," but a feminine adjective from TDn, and renders,
+"is therefore lovely her pinion and her plumage?"
+Wolfson, "See how pleasant is the wing of the singing
+birds, the flight and plumage of the stork; and there is
+one that leaveth her eggs," &c.
+
+' Lowenthal and others. Kashi, no>n "terror," "shud-
+dering;" so Philippson. Others, " thunder." Jonathan,
+"power." * lieb. "armour."
+
+
+JOB XXXIX. XL.
+
+
+23 Over him rattle the quiver, the glitter-
+ing spear and the lanee.
+
+24 With impatient noise and rage he hol-
+loweth' (with his hoof) the ground, and keej)-
+eth not quiet when the cornet's voice (is
+heard) .
+
+25 Midst the sound of the cornet be utter-
+eth his joylul neigh ;'' and from afar he per-
+ceiveth" the battle, the loud call'" of the cap-
+tains, and the battle-cry. —
+
+2G Is it through tlij understanding that
+the havrk tiieth along, and spreadeth out his
+wings toward the south?
+
+27 Or is it by thy order that the eagle doth
+mount upward, and buildeth high up his
+nest?
+
+28 On a rock he dwelleth, and spendeth
+his nights, on a rocky crag and mountain
+fastness.
+
+29 From there he espieth his food, from
+afar can his eyes behold.
+
+30 His young ones, also, sip up blood : and
+where the slain lie, there is he.
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+1 ^ And the Lord addressed Job, and
+said,
+
+2 Will he that contendeth with the Al-
+mighty yet find fault? let him that reproveth
+God answer this.
+
+3 *\\ Then answered Job the Lord, and
+said,
+
+4 Behold, I am too vile: what shall I
+answer thee? my hand do I place on my
+mouth.
+
+5 Once have I spoken; but I will not an-
+swer: yea, twice; but I will not repeat it
+again.
+
+6 ^ Then answered the Lord unto Job
+out of the storm-wind, and said,
+
+7 Do but gird up like a mighty man thy
+loins: I will ask thee, and do thou inform
+me.
+
+8 Wilt thou indeed annul my decree? wilt
+
+* Rashi. Others, "he drinketh iu," he acts as though
+he could drink in the land between him and the enemy.
+
+" Lit. "he saith, Aha!"
+= Lit. "smelleth."
+" Lit. "thunder."
+
+' This description is supposed to refer to the hippopo-
+tamus, or the river-horse, which lives on vegetables.
+' Philippson, "sinews."
+
+• Lbwenthal and others. Ralbag, "are strong pieces
+of steel." Aben Ezra, "are strong like brass."
+
+5 H
+
+
+thou condemn me, in order that thou mayest
+appear righteous?
+
+9 But if thou hast an arm like God, or
+if thou canst thunder loudly like him:
+
+1(1 Then do deck thyself with excellence
+and greatness, and clothe thyself in majesty
+and glory.
+
+11 Scatter abroa.d the ragings of thy
+wrath, and look on every proud one, and
+humble him.
+
+12 Look on every proud one, and bend
+him low ; and tread down the wicked in their
+place.
+
+13 Hide them in the dust altogether: bind
+up their faces in concealment.
+
+14 Then will I also myself praise thee,
+when thy own right hand hath helped
+thee.
+
+15 Only behold Behemoth," which I made
+near thee : grass he eateth like the ox.
+
+IG Only see, (how great) is his strength in
+his loins, and his force, in the muscles*^ of
+his belly.
+
+17 He stretcheth out his tail like a cedar:
+the sinews of his loins are closely wrapped
+together.
+
+18 His bones are like pipes' of brass: hia
+frame is like bars of iron.
+
+19 He is the first in rank of the works of
+God: he that made him can alone bring*' his
+sword near unto him.
+
+20 But truly the mountains bear for him
+his food, and all tlie beasts of the field play
+there.'
+
+21 Under shady trees he lieth down, in
+the covert of the reeds, and swamp.
+
+22 Shady trees cover him as his shadow:
+willows of the brook encompa.ss him about.
+
+23 Behold, a river sweepeth violently
+along, but he hasteneth not away: he re-
+maineth quiet, though a Jordan rusheth up
+to his mouth.
+
+24 Can one catch him before his eyes?
+pierce his nose by means of snares ?'^ —
+
+'' Eashi. Others, "furni.sheth him with his sword,"
+
+I. e. the two long teeth, twentj-six to thirty inches long,
+used to mow down the herbage and for formidable defence.
+
+' Meaning, his great strength is not used to injure those
+around him.
+
+'' Philippson, giving this verse an interrogative sense.
+Herxheimer, " Yet do men catch him before his eye.?,"
+&c. Aruheim, "With his eyes would he sweep away
+who would attempt to pierce his nose with snares." Rashi,
+"God taketh him by looking at Iiini."
+
+Sn7
+
+
+JOB XL. XLI.
+
+
+tongue
+
+
+crocodile''
+to sink
+
+
+25'' Canst thou draw out the
+with a fishhook? or cause his
+into the baited rope?
+
+26 Canst thou put a reed° through his
+nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn?
+
+27 Will he address many supplications
+unto thee? or will he speak submissively
+unto thee?
+
+28 Will he make a covenant with thee?
+that thou couldst take him as a servant for
+ever?
+
+29 Canst thou play with him as with a
+bird? and tie him up for thy maidens?
+
+30 Can companions waylay"^ him? can
+they divide hira among merchants?
+
+31 Canst thou fill his skin with barbed
+irons? and (pierce) with a fish-spear his head?
+
+32 La\' thy hand upon him ; think of the
+battle: thou wilt never do it again.
+
+CHAPTER XLI.
+
+1 Behold, his expectation was deceived:
+even at his mere sight is he cast down.
+
+2 None is so daring that he would stir
+him up: and who is there that will stand up
+before me?
+
+3 Who hath shown me favour," that I
+should repay him? whatsoever is under the
+whole heaven is mine. —
+
+4 I will not conceal (the account of) his
+limbs, nor the relation of his might, nor the
+grace of his proportion.*^
+
+5 Who hath ever laid open the front of
+his garment? or who can penetrate into his
+double row of teeth ?
+
+6 Who hath opened the doors of his face?
+all round about his teeth abideth terror.
+
+7 What pride is there in (his) strong
+shields; he is locked up as with a close seal.
+
+° Vilith tliis verse the English version commences chap,
+xli.
+
+'' Heb. Livyatlian, "Leviathan."
+
+" Rashi conceives this to be a species of strong hook.
+
+' Rashi. Bensev, "sell him as merchandise." Aben
+Ezra, "make a banquet of him."
+
+" Philippson, "Who would assail me, that I should
+have to repay him?"
+
+' Ralhag. Rashi, Aben Ezra, and others connect vcr.
+4 with 3. Rashi renders, "I would not be silent to-
+ward his children (of the righteous) for the great deeds
+he hath done and the pleasant prayers he hath offered."
+If(!rxheimer renders the verse interrogatively, in accord-
+ance with the Krri, ^'n "to him," for nS "not:" "Shall
+I be silent concerning, &c. and his plea.sant worth ?"
+
+* Rashi, "the waves even of sea or river are diminish-
+858
+
+
+8 One is joined to another; and no breath
+can come between them.
+
+9 They are fitted closely one to another:
+they are interlocked, that they cannot be
+severed.
+
+10 From his sneezing there beameth forth
+a light, and his eyes are like the eyelids of
+the morning-dawn.
+
+11 Out of his mouth issue burning torches,
+sparks of fire escape (therefrom).
+
+12 Out of his nostrils cometh forth smoke,
+as out of a seething-pot or caldi'on.
+
+13 His breath kindleth coals, and a flame
+cometh out of liis mouth.
+
+14 In his neck abideth strength, and be-
+fore him danceth terror joyfully.
+
+15 The flakes of his flesh are fitted closely
+together: they are as molten metal on him,
+immovable.
+
+16 His heart is firm like a stone: yea, as
+firm as the nether millstone.
+
+17 At his lifting himself up the mighty
+are terrified : the waves also are lessened.^
+
+18 If one overtake him with the sword, it
+cannot hold: nor the spear, the dart,*" and
+
+
+armour.
+
+19 He esteemeth
+brass as rotten wood.
+
+20 The child of the
+
+
+iron as straw, (and)
+bow' cannot make
+
+
+him flee: into stubble are slingstones changed
+unto him.
+
+21 Clubs are esteemed as stubble, and
+he laugheth at the whirring of the lance.
+
+22 Beneath him are sharp-pointed ^ot-
+sherds,"" he spreadeth out, (as' it were, a) thresh-
+ing-roller upon the mire.
+
+23 He causeth the deep to boil like a pot :
+he rendereth the sea like an apothecary's
+mixture.'
+
+ed as he passes over them." Arnheim, "they are made
+dizzy because of the waves," i. e. the crocodile's course
+marked by the ripple deprives them of courage. Philipp-
+son, "they are made dizzy because of the wounds they
+expect." Ijiiwenthal, "because they fail to inflict wounds
+on him."
+
+'' Rashi, i'DD as an adjective, "the heavy spear and ar-
+mour."
+
+' Rashi, "the archer." Others, "the arrow."
+
+^ " Potsherds" means to express the scales which have
+the rough pointed appearance of a potsherd ; and when
+he lies down in the mire, he leaves an iujpression as
+though a pointed "threshing-roller" bad been spread out
+there. Rashi, "he spreadeth out shining scales upon," &c.
+
+' i. e. Frothy. Philippson explains (as in Ezekiel xxiv.
+]0) a mixture where all the ingredients are stirred up to-
+
+
+JOB XLT. XLir.
+
+
+24 Behiml him he causeth his jxithway to
+shine, (so that) men esteem the deep to be
+hoary.
+
+25 There is none ujjon earth that rnleth
+over him, who is made to be witliout
+dread.
+
+26 He looketh upon all that is high : he is
+the king over all the ravenous beasts.
+
+CHAPTER XLH.
+
+1 ][ Then answered Job unto the Lord,
+and said,
+
+2 I acknowledge that thou art able to do
+every thing, and that no deep plan of thine
+can be restrained.
+
+.3 Who is he that dareth to conceal (thy)
+counsel without knowledge? Trulj' I have
+spoken of what I understood not, of things
+too wonderful for me, which I knew not.
+
+4 Oh do ])ut hear (me), and I will indeed
+speak : I will ask of thee, and do thou
+inform me.
+
+5 I had only heard of thee by the hearing
+of the ear;" but now my eye hath seen
+thee.
+
+6 Therefore I reject (what I have said),^
+and repent; because I am dust and ashes.
+
+7 T[ And it came to pass, after the Lord
+had spoken these words unto Job, that the
+Lord said to Eliphaz the Themanite, My
+wrath is kindled against thee, and against
+thy two friends; because 3'e have not spoken
+of me properly, like my servant Job.
+
+8 And now take unto yourselves seven
+bullocks and seven rams, and go to my ser-
+vant Job, and offer up a burnt-offering in your
+behalf; and my servant Job shall pray for
+you ; for him alone will I receive favourably,
+so as not to deal with you after your folly ;
+
+
+gether, here sand, mud, claj', all .appearing as though
+they were boiling.
+
+' i. e. As report had represented God, not as he is, in-
+scrutably wise, as he now had revealed himself.
+
+"■ Aben Ezra, and so also the Massorah. Others, "I
+repent in dust and ashes." Rashi, "I despise my life.
+
+
+because ye have not spoken of me [Ji'opcrly,
+like my .servant Job.
+
+9 Then went Eliphaz the Themanite and
+Bildad the Sliucliite and Zophar the Na'ama-
+thite, and did in accordance with what the
+Lord had spoken to them: and the Lord re-
+ceived Job in favour.
+
+10 And the Lord brought back the capti-
+vity of Job, when he prayed in behalf of his
+friends; and the Lord increased all that Job
+had had twofold.
+
+11 And then came unto him all his bro-
+thers, and all his. sisters, and all that had
+been of his acquaintance before, and ate
+bread with him in his house; and they con-
+doled with him, and comforted him for all
+the evil that the Lord had brought upon
+him; and they gave him, every one, a kessi-
+tah,° and every one an earring of gold.
+
+12 And the Lord blessed the latter end of
+Job more than his beginning: and he had
+fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand
+camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a
+thousand she-as.ses.
+
+13 He had also seven sons and three
+daughters.
+
+14 And he called the name of the first
+Jemimah ;'' and the name of the second, Ke-
+ziah; and the name of the third, Keren-hap-
+puch.
+
+15 And there were not found such hand-
+some women as the daughters of Job in all
+the land; and their father gave them an in-
+heritance among their bi'others.
+
+16 And Job lived after this one hundred
+and forty years; and he saw his sons, and
+his sons' sons, even four generations.
+
+17 Then died Job, being old and full of
+days.
+
+
+and I would comfort myself if I were dwelling in the
+grave to return to dust and ashes."
+
+° A silver coin. (See Gen. xxxiii. 19.)
+
+■* These names are explained, "Brightness of day,"
+"The sweet-scented cassia," and "The painting-horn,''
+used to ornament the eyes.
+
+859
+
+
+THE SONG OF SOLOMON,
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The song of songs, which is Solo-
+mon's.
+
+2 Oh that he might kiss me with the
+kisses of his mouth; for thy caresses are
+more pleasant than wine.
+
+3 To the smell are thy fragrant oils plea-
+sant, (like) precious oil poured forth is thy
+name (famous afar) :'' therefore do maidens
+love thee.
+
+4 Oh draw me, after thee will we run : the
+king hath brought me into his chambers; we
+will be glad and rejoice in thee; we will recall
+thy caresses, more (pleasant) than wine; with-
+out deceit" (all) love thee. —
+
+5 Black am I, yet comely, 0 daughters of
+Jerusalem, like the tents of Kedar, like the
+curtains of Solomon.
+
+6 Look not so at me, because I am some-
+what black, because the sun hath looked
+fiercely at me: my mother's children were
+angry with me; they ajjpointed me to be
+keeper of the vineyards; but my vineyard,
+which is my own, have I not kept. —
+
+7 Tell me, 0 thou whom my soul loveth,
+where thou feedest? where lettest thou thy
+flock rest at noon? for why should I appear
+like a vailed mourner'' by the flocks of thy
+companions? —
+
+8 If thou knowest this not, 0 thou fairest
+
+* This .=!ong, ascribed to the wise king of Israel, has al-
+ways been regarded as an exposition of the love of God
+for his people. It is represented under the image of a
+country maiden, Shulanimith, who is desirous of being
+reunited to her friend to whom she is betrothed, but from
+whom now separated at the court of King Solomon. The
+king, in addressing her, calls her " my beloved" 'n"j,n ; her
+betrothed calls her rhj "bride," or hSd Tinx "my sister
+bride;" the chorus of court ladies, D"tyj3 r[B"r\ "fairest of
+women." The poem consists of a nuinlicr of conversations :
+the speakers being readily distinguished, th(uigh not named.
+(After Ilerxheimer's Introduction; yet there appears at
+times some variation in the above modes of address.)
+
+'' Rashi: "When sweet oil is sealed up in a flask, its
+geent is not difTiisod: open it, and pour it into another
+VBHSel, its scent is carried far."
+800
+
+
+of women, go but forth in the footsteps of the
+flock, and feed thy kids around the shepherds'
+dwellings. —
+
+9 Unto the horse in Pharaoh's chariot do I
+compare thee, my beloved.
+
+10 Comel_y are thy cheeks between strings
+(of pearls), thy neck with rows (of jewels).
+
+11 Chains of gold will we make for thee
+with studs of silver. —
+
+12 While the king sitteth at his table, my
+spikenard" sendeth lorth its (pleasant) smell.
+
+13 A bundle of myrrh is my friend unto
+me, that resteth on my bosom.
+
+14 A copher-cluster*^ is my friend unto me
+in the vineyards of 'En-gedi. —
+
+15 Lo, thou art beautiful, my beloved: lo,
+thou art beautiful: tliy eyes are those of a
+dove. —
+
+16 Lo, thou art beautiful, my friend, also
+pleasant: also our couch is (made in the)
+green (wood).
+
+17 The beams of our house are cedar, and
+our wainscoting* of cypress-trees.
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+1 I am the rose*" of Sharon, the lily of
+the valleys. —
+
+2 Like the lily among the thorns, so is my
+beloved among the young maidens. —
+
+3 Like the aj^ple-tree among the trees of
+the forest, so is my friend among the young
+
+° Rashi. Others, "the upright love thee." Sachs,
+"with justice men love thee."
+
+^ Rashi. Others, "like a suspected person;" but Phi-
+lippson, referring to Jer. xliii. 12, where the shepherd is
+represented as wrapping his cloak around him against the
+storm, renders here T\^Oy, one who in wandering about has
+put on a cloak as a protection against au unexpected storm.
+
+' This is said to be an extract from the root of an In-
+dian plant, Valeriana ja(am,ansi.
+
+' Supposed to be the Lawsonia alba, with many ever-
+green leaves, and flowers of an agreeable scent which
+hang in clusters.
+
+« Aben Ezra, one opinion, "our wafer-troughs are of
+marble."
+
+'' Arnheim, " n.-ircissus." Sachs, "I he lily of Sharon,
+the rose of the valleys."
+
+
+SOLOMON'S SONG II. III. IV.
+
+
+men: under liis shadow do I ardently wish
+to sit, and his tVuit is sweet to mj' palate.
+
+4 He brought me to the banqueting-house,*
+and his l^anner over me was love.
+
+5 Strengthen me with llagons ol' wine,*" re-
+fresh me with apples; for sick of love am I.
+
+6 Oh that his left liand might be under
+my head, and that his right might eml)race me.
+
+7 I adjure you, 0 daughters of Jerusalem,
+by the roes, and by the hinds of the field,
+that ye awaken not, nor excite my love, till
+it please (to come of itself) ." —
+
+8 The voice of my friend! behold, there
+he Cometh, leaping over the mountains, skip-
+ping over the hills.
+
+U My friend is like a roebuck or the fiiwn of
+the hinds: behold, there he standeth behind
+our wall, looking in at the windows, seeing
+through the lattice.
+
+10 My friend commenced, and said unto
+rae. Rise thee up, my beloved, my fair one,
+and come along.
+
+11 For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is
+over and gone its way.
+
+12 The tlowers are seen in the land; the
+time of the (birds') singing is come, and the
+voice of the turtle-dove is heard in our land;
+
+13 The fig-tree perfumeth its green figs,
+and the vines with young grapes'* give forth
+a (pleasant) smell. Arise thee, my beloved,
+my foir one, and come along.
+
+14 0 my dove, who art in the clefts of the
+rock, in the recesses of the clifis, let me see
+thy countenance, let me hear thy voice; for
+th}' voice is sweet, and thy countenance is
+comely. —
+
+15 Seize for us the foxes, the little foxes,
+that injure the vineyards; for our vine^-ards
+have young grapes.
+
+16 My friend is mine, and I am his — that
+feedeth among the lilies.
+
+17 Until the day become cool, and the
+shadows flee away, turn about, my friend,
+and be thou like the roebuck or the fixwn of
+the hinds upon the mountains of separation.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+1 ^ On my couch during the nights I
+
+
+' Heb. "house of wine." A great entertainment is
+called "wine-drinking," as it takes place on such occasions.
+*■ Philippson, "cakes of raisins."
+' Philippson.
+" Rashi, Abou Ezi'
+
+
+vines in blooiUj" &c.
+
+
+souiilit him whom m\ soul lovetli : I souulit
+him, but I found him not.
+
+2 Oh, I must rise now, and go about in the
+city, in the streets, and in the open places; I
+will .seek him whom my soul loveth: I sought
+him, but I found him not.
+
+3 Then foiuid me the watchmen that
+walked about the city. "Have ye seen him
+whom my soul loveth?"
+
+4 Scarcely had I passed away from them,
+when I found him whom my soul loveth : I
+laid fast hold of him, and would not let him
+go, until I had brought him into my mother's
+house, and into the chamber of her that had
+born me.
+
+5 I adjure you, ye daughters of Jei'usalem,
+by the roes, and by the hinds of the field,
+that ye awaken not, nor excite my love, till
+it please (to come of it.self). —
+
+6 Who is this that cometh up from the
+wilderness, like pillars of smoke, perfumed
+with myrrh and frankincense, with all spicy
+powders of the merchant?
+
+7 Behold, it is the bed," which is Solo-
+mon's, sixty valiant men are round about it,
+of the valiant ones of Israel.
+
+8 All of them are girded with the sword,
+are expert in war; ever)' one hath his sword
+upon his thigh, because' of the terror in the
+nights.
+
+9 A palanquin did king Solomon make for
+himself out of the wood of Lebanon.
+
+10 The pillars thereof he made of silver,
+its coverlid of gold, its seat of purple: its
+inner part is arranged lovely,^ by the daugh-
+ters of Jerusalem.
+
+11 Go forth, and look, 0 ye daughters of
+Zion, on king Solomon, with the crown where-
+with his motlier hath crowned him on the
+day of his espousals, and on the day of the
+joy of his heart. —
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Behold, thou art beautiful, my beloved,
+behold, thou art beautiful: thy dovelike eyes
+(look forth) from behind thy vail; thy hair
+is like a flock of goats, that come quietly
+down from mount Gil'ad.
+
+' Others, "litter," "palanquin," in which the king was
+
+carried, surrounded by his guards.
+
+' Arnheim, "fearless," "without fear in the nights."
+« Philippson, after Herder, taking nans as an adverb
+
+not "love," but "lovely."
+
+^§1
+
+
+2 Thy teeth are like a flock of well-selected
+sheep, which are come up from the washing,
+all of which bear twins, and there is not one
+among them that is deprived of her 3'oung.
+
+3 Like a thread of scarlet are thy lips, and
+thy mouth" is comely: like the half of a
+pomegranate is the upper part of thy cheek
+behind thy vail.
+
+4 Thy neck is like the tower of Da-
+vid built on terraces,'' a thousand shields
+hang thereon, all the quivers of the mighty
+men.
+
+5 Thy two breasts are like two fawns,
+the twins of the roe, that feed among the
+lilies.
+
+6 Until the day become cool, and the sha-
+dows flee away, will I get me to the moun-
+tain of myrrh, and to the hill of frankin-
+cense.
+
+7 Thou art altogether beautiful, my be-
+loved, and there is no blemish on thee. —
+
+8 Come with me from Lebanon, 0 bride,
+with me from Lebanon : look about from the
+top of Amanah, from the top of Senir and
+Chermon, from the lions' dens, from the
+leopards' mountains.
+
+9 Thou hast ravished my heart, 0 my
+sister, (my) bride; thou hast ravished my
+heart with one of thy eyes, with one chain
+of thy neck.
+
+10 How beautiful are thy caresses, 0 my
+sister, (my) bride! how much more pleasant
+are thy caresses than wine ! and the smell of
+thy fragrant oils more than all spices.
+
+11 Of sweet honey drop thy lips, 0 bride:
+honey and milk are under thy tongue; and
+the scent of thy garments is like the scent of
+Lebanon.
+
+12 A locked-up garden is my sister, (my)
+bride; a locked-up spring, a sealed fountain.
+
+13 Thy sprouts are an orchard of pome-
+granates, with precious fruits, copher and
+spikenard ;
+
+14 Spikenard and saffi'on; calamus and
+cinnamon, with all the trees of frankincense;
+myrrh and aloes, with all the chief of spices;
+
+15 A garden-spring, a well of living waters,
+and flowing down from Lebanon. —
+
+16 Awake, 0 north wind; and come thou,
+0 south ; blow over my garden, that its spices
+
+
+SOLOMON'S SONG IV. V.
+
+may flow out. Let my friend come into his
+garden, and eat its precious fruits. —
+
+
+• Rashi, "thy speech;" but evidently here the means
+by which speech is uttered, "the mouth."
+862
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 I am come into my garden, my sister,
+(my) bride; I have plucked my myrrh with
+my spice; I have eaten my sugar-cane" with
+my honey; I have drunk my wine with my
+milk: eat, ye companions; drink, yea, drink
+abundantly, ye friends. —
+
+2 I slept, but my heart was awake : (there
+was) the voice of my beloved that knocked,
+"Open for me, my sister, my beloved, my
+dove, my guiltless one; for my head is filled
+with dew, and my locks with the drops of
+the night."
+
+3 I have put off" my coat: how shall I put
+it on? I have washed my feet: how shall I
+defile them?
+
+4 My friend stretched forth his hand
+through the opening, and my inmost parts
+were moved for him.
+
+5 I rose up myself to open for my friend;
+and my hands dropped with myrrh, and my
+fingers with fluid myrrh, upon the handler
+of the lock.
+
+6 I indeed opened for my beloved ; but my
+beloved had vanished, and was gone: my
+soul had failed me while he was speaking; I
+sought him, but I could not find him ; I called
+him, but he answered me not.
+
+7 Then found me the watchmen that
+walked about the city; they smote me, they
+wounded me : they took away my vail from
+me, they that watched the walls.
+
+8 I adjure you, 0 daughters of Jerusalem,
+if ye find my beloved, what will ye tell him?
+that I am sick of love. —
+
+9 What is thy friend more than another's
+friend, 0 thou fairest of women? what is thy
+friend more than another's friend, that thus
+thou adjurest us? —
+
+10 My friend is white and ruddy, distin-
+guished among ten thousand.
+
+11 His head is bright as the finest gold,
+his locks are like waving foliage, and black
+as a raven.
+
+12 His eyes are like (those of) doves by
+streamlets of waters, bathed in milk, well
+fitted in their setting.
+
+
+' Fiirst.
+armoury."
+
+
+Rashi, "for urnanient." Otliors, "as
+
+• Raslii.
+
+
+SOLOMON'S SONG, V. VI. VIT.
+
+
+13 His cheeks are as a bod of spices, as
+turrets of sweet porfuincs:'' his lips, Hke lilies,
+dropping with fluid myrrh.
+
+14 Ilis hands are like wheels of gold beset
+with the chrysolite: his body, an image made
+of ivory overlaid with sapphires.
+
+15 His legs are like pillars of marble, rest-
+ing upon sockets of fine gold: his countenance
+
+
+10 Who is this that shineth forth like the
+morning-dawn, beautiful as the moon, bright
+as the sun, terrible as armies encamped round
+their banners?
+
+11 Into the nut-garden was I gone down,
+to look about among the plants" of the valley,
+to see whether the vine had blossomed, wlie-
+tlier the pomegranates had budded.
+
+12 1 knew not (how it was),*" my soul made
+
+
+is as Lebanon, excellent'' like the cedars.
+
+16 His palate is full of sweets, and every me (like) the chariots of my noble people
+thing in him is agreeable. This is my friend,
+and this is my beloved, 0 daughters of Jeru-
+salem.—
+
+
+CHAPTER VL
+
+1 Whither is thy friend gone, 0 fixirest of
+women? whither hath thy friend turned him-
+self? that we may seek him with thee?-
+
+
+CHAPTER YU."
+
+1 Return, return, 0 Shulammith; retum,
+return, that we may look upon thee. "What
+will ye see in the Shulammith?" As though
+it were the dance of a double company .'^
+
+2 How beautiful are thy steps in sandals,
+0 prince's daughter! the roundings of thy
+
+
+to feed in the gardens,
+
+
+2 My beloved is gone down to his garden, thighs are like jewelled ornaments, the work
+
+of the hands of the artificer.
+
+3 Thy navel is like a round goblet which
+lacketh not the mixed wine: thy body is like
+a heap of wheat fenced about with lilies.
+
+4 Thy two breasts are like two fawns, the
+twins of the roe.
+
+5 Thy neck is like a tower of ivory; thy
+eyes are like the pools in Cheshbon, by the
+gateof Bath-rabbim; thy nose is like the tower
+of Lebanon which looketh toward Damascus.
+
+6 Thy head upon thee is like Carmel, and
+the 'hair of thy head like purple: a king is
+held bound in the tresses.*'
+
+7 How beautiful and how pleasant art
+thou, 0 love, in thy attractions !
+
+8 This thy stature is like a palm-tree, and
+thy breasts are like clusters of grapes.
+
+9 I thought, I wish to climb up the palm-
+tree, I wish to take hold of its boughs; and,
+oh, that thy breasts might be like clusters of
+the vine, and the smell of thy nose like ap-
+ples ;
+
+10 And thy palate like the best wine, that
+glideth down for my friend gently, exciting''
+the lips of those that are asleep. —
+
+
+to the beds of spicei
+and to gather lilies.
+
+8 I am my friend's, and my friend is mine :
+he that feedeth among the lilies. —
+
+4 Thou art beautiful, 0 my beloved, like
+Thirzah, comely like Jerusalem, terrible as
+armies encamped round their banners.
+
+5 Turn away thy eyes from me, for they
+have excited me : thy hair is like a flock of
+goats that come quietly down from mount
+Gil'ad.
+
+6 Thy teeth ai-e like a flock of ewes which
+are come up from the washing, all of which
+bear twins, and there is not one among them
+that is deprived of her young.
+
+7 Like the half of the pomegranate is the
+upper part of thy cheek behind thy vail.
+
+8 Sixty are the queens, and eighty the
+concubines, and the young women without
+number;
+
+9 But one alone is my dove, my guiltless
+one; she is the only one of her mother, she
+is the chosen of her that bore her: maidens
+see her, and call her happy; yea, queens and
+concubines, and praise her.
+
+" Lit. "mixtures of spices." Herxheimer, "towers of
+spices." *■ Others, "a growth like cedar-trees."
+
+° Aben p]zra, "fruits."
+
+^ Philippsou coranients, "Before I was aware, the feel-
+ing awakened within me made me like the chariots
+violently urged forward." (See also 2 Kings ii. 12,
+"Israel's chariot," applied to P]lijah.) Arnheim, "My
+desire placed me among the chariots of my noble peo-
+ple :" this version would take these words as spoken by
+the maiden ; in our text, as those of the king.
+
+
+' In the English version, chap. vii. commences at ver. 2.
+
+' Zunz. Philippson explains, the desire is to see her
+walk, which is as graceful as the steps taken in a dance
+where two rows of expert dancers exercise their skill.
+
+• Rashi. Aben Ezra, "water-troughs," which is ex-
+plained by Arnheim, "even a king would be held en-
+tranced by such charms at the water-troughs of the shep-
+herds."
+
+^ Rashi. Aben Ezra, "causing to speak." I'iillijjp-
+son, "moistening."
+
+863
+
+
+RUTH 1.
+
+
+11 I am my frieiidV, and toward me is his
+desire.
+
+12 Come, my friend, let us go forth into
+the field; let us spend the night in the vil-
+lages;
+
+13 Let us get up early to tlie vineyards;
+let us see if the vine have blossomed, whether
+the young grape have opened (to the view),
+whether the pomegranates have budded : there
+will I give my caresses unto thee.
+
+14 The mandrakes give forth (their) smell,
+and at our doors are all manner of precious
+fruits, new and also old: 0 my friend, these
+have I laid up for thee.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 Oh that some one would make thee as
+my brother that hath sucked my mother's
+breasts! should I then find thee without, I
+would kiss thee; and yet, people would not
+despise me.
+
+2 I would lead thee, I would bring thee
+into my mother's house, thou shouldst teach
+me:* I would cause thee to drink of spiced
+wine, of the sweet juice of my pomegranate.
+
+3 Oh that his left hand might be under
+my head, and that his right hand might em-
+brace me.
+
+4 I adjure you, 0 daughters of Jerusalem,
+why will ye awaken, and why will ye excite
+my love, until it please (to come of itself)* —
+
+5 Who is this that cometh up from the
+wilderness, leaning upon her friend? — Under
+the apple-tree have I waked thee up; there
+
+
+thy mother brought thee forth; there brought
+thee forth she that bore thee.
+
+6 Set me as a seal upon thy heart, as a
+seal upon thy arm; for strong as death is
+love; violent like the nether world is jeal-
+ousy; its heat is the heat of fire, a tlame of
+God.
+
+7 Many waters are not able to quench
+love, nor can the rivers flood it away : if a
+man were to give all the wealth of his house
+for love, men would utterly despise him. —
+
+8 We have a little sister, and she hath yet
+no breasts: what shall we do for our sister on
+the day when she shall be spoken for?
+
+9 If she be a wall, we will build upon her
+a palace of silver: and if she be a door, we
+will enclose her with boards of cedar. —
+
+10 I am a wall, and my breasts are like
+towers: then was I in his eyes as one that
+found favour.''
+
+11 Solomon had a vineyard at Ba'al-ha-
+mon; he had given up the vineyard unto
+the keepers; every one was to bring for its
+fruit a thousand pieces of silver.
+
+12 My vineyard, which was mine, was be-
+fore me : thine, 0 Solomon, be the thousand,
+and let two hundred be for those that keep
+its fruit. —
+
+13 "Tliou that dwellest in the gardens,
+the companions listen for thy voice: oh let
+me hear it."
+
+14 Flee" away, my friend, and be thou like
+the roebuck, or the fawn of the hinds, upon
+the mountains of spices.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF RUTH,
+
+
+mn n
+
+
+h^D.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 Tl And it came to pass in the days when
+the judges judged, that there was a famine in
+tlie land: and there went a certain man of
+
+' Others, after Aben Ezra, making -noSn the third
+feminine, "who would tcacli iiie." Aiiiheini, "where she
+teacheth nic."
+
+
+Beth-lechem-judah to sojourn in the fields of
+Molib, he, and his wife, and his two sons.
+
+2 And the name of the man M'as Elime-
+lech, and the name of his wife Na'omi/ and
+the name of his two sons Machlon and Kil-
+
+' Heb. "peace."
+
+" Siie sings, with some variation, the words of ii 17.
+
+'' Arnheiiii and others .spell the name, No'omi.
+
+
+EUTH I. II.
+
+
+yon, Ephrathites of Beth-lcflieni-judali. And
+they came into the fields of Moiib, and re-
+mained there.
+
+3 Thereupon died Ehmelooh Na'omi's hus-
+band; and she was left, with her two sons.
+
+4 And they took themselves wives of the
+women of Moiib; the name of one was 'Or-
+pah, and the name of the other Ruth : and
+they dwelt there about ten years.
+
+5 And then died also both of these. Mach-
+lon and Kilyon, and the woman was left
+(deprived) of her two children and her hus-
+band.
+
+6 Then did she arise with hei' diuighters-
+in-law, and returned homeward I'rom the
+fields of Moab; for she had heard in the fields
+of Moab that the Lord had thouj^ht of his
+people in giving them bread.
+
+7 Therefore she went forth out of the
+place where she had been, and her two
+daughters-in-law (were) with her; and they
+went on their way to return unto the land
+of Judah.
+
+8 Then said Na'omi unto her two daugh-
+ters-in-law, Go, return each one to her mo-
+ther's hou.se : may the Lord deal kindly with
+you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with
+me.
+
+9 May the Lord grant unto you that ye
+may find rest, each one in the house of her
+husband. Then she kissed them, and they
+lifted up their voice, and wept.
+
+10 And they said unto her, (No,) for truly
+we will return with thee unto thy people.
+
+11 Then said Na'omi, Return back, my
+daughters: why will ye go with me? are
+there yet any more sons in my womb, that
+they may become your husbands?
+
+12 Return back, my daughters, go; for I
+am too old to become (the wife) of any man;
+yea, if I were even to think, I ha\e hope;
+shoiild I even obtain this night a husband.
+and should also bear sons:
+
+13 Would ye wait in hopes for them till
+they were grown? would ye debar yourselves
+for them so as not to become the wives of
+any man? not so, my daughters; for I feel
+much more bitter pain than' yon ; because
+the hand of the Lord is gone out against me.
+
+14 And they lifted up their voice and wept
+
+
+' Others, " I feel a very bitter grief for your sake."
+Aiuheiiu, -'ffitliout you."
+
+61
+
+
+a long time; and 'Orpah kissed her mother-
+in-law ; but Ruth cleaved unto her.
+
+15 And she said, Behold, thy sister-in-law
+is returned back unto her {people, and unto
+her gods: return thou after thy sister-in-law.
+
+16 But Ruth said. Urge me not to leave
+thee, to return from following thee; for whi-
+ther thou goest, will I go; and where thou
+lodgest, will I lodge: thy people shall be my
+people, and thy God my God.
+
+17 Where thou diest, will I die, and there
+will 1 be buried: may the Lord do so to me,
+and may he so continue, if aught but death
+shall part me from thee.
+
+18 When she thus saw that she was per-
+sisting to go with her, she left off speaking
+unto her.
+
+19 So these two went until they came to
+Beth-lechem. And it came to pass, when
+they entered Beth-lechem, that all the city
+was in a commotion about them, and people
+said. Is this Na'omi?
+
+20 And she said unto them. Call me not
+Na'omi,'' call me Mara; for the Almighty
+hath dealt very bitterl^^ with me.
+
+21 I went out full, but empty hath the
+Lord brought me home again : why then will
+ye call me Na'omi, seeing the Lord hath tes-
+tified'' against me, and the Almighty hath
+sent me affliction?
+
+22 So did Na'omi return, and Ruth the
+Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, with her,
+who had returned out of the fields of Moab:
+and they came to Beth-lechem at the begin-
+ning of the barley-harvest.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 And Na'omi had a kinsman of her hus-
+band's, a mighty, valiant man, of the family
+of Eliiiielech, whose name was Bo'az.
+
+2 And Ruth the Moabitess said unto
+Na'omi, Let me go, I pray thee, into the
+field, and glean ears of corn after him in
+whose eyes I shall find grace. And she said
+unto her. Go, m}' daughter.
+
+3 And she went, and came, and gleaned in
+the field after the reapers: and the accident
+happened to her, that it was a part of the
+field belonging unto Bo'az, who was of the
+family of Elimelech.
+
+'' Naomi, "pleasant;" Mara, "bitter."
+° Rashi; i. e. showu his di.spleasure by his dispensatios-
+
+865
+
+
+RUTH II. III.
+
+
+4 And, behold, Bo'az came from Beth-
+lechem, and he said unto the reajoers. The
+Lord be with you. And they said unto him,
+May the Lord bless thee.
+
+5 Then said Bo'az unto his young man
+that was appointed over the reapers, Whose
+maiden is this?
+
+6 And the young man that was appointed
+over the reapers answered and said, It is
+a Moabitish maiden that is returned with
+Na'omi out of the fields of MoJib;
+
+7 And she said, Let me glean, I pray you,
+and gather among the sheaves after the
+reapers: so she came, and hath remained
+ever from the morning even until now; it
+is but a little while that she hath sat down
+in the house.
+
+8 Then said Bo'az unto Ruth, Hearest
+thou not, my daughter? Go not to glean in
+another field, neither go away from this ; but
+keep close company with my own maidens.
+
+9 Let thy eyes be on the field which they
+may reap, and go thou after them; behold, I
+have charged the young men that they shall
+not touch thee: and when thou art thirsty,
+go unto the vessels, and drink of that which
+the young men may draw.
+
+10 Thereupon she fell on her face, and
+bowed herself to the ground, and said unto
+him, Why have I found grace in thy eyes,
+that thou shouldst take cognizance of me,
+seeing I am but a stranger?
+
+11 But Bo'az answered and said unto her,
+It hath fully been told me, all that thou hast
+done unto thy mother-in-law after the death
+of thy husband ; and how thou hast forsaken
+thy father and thy mother, and the land of
+thy birth, and art come unto a people which
+thou knewest not yesterday or the day be-
+fore.
+
+12 May the Lord recompense thy work,
+and may thy reward be complete from the
+Lord the God of Israel, under whose wings
+thou art come to seek shelter.
+
+13 Then said she, Let me find grace in
+thy eyes, my lord; for thou hast comforted
+me, and because thou hast spoken (kindly)
+unto the heart of thy handmaid, though I be
+not like one of thy handmaids.
+
+14 And Bo'az said unto her. At mealtime
+
+' Philippson, "because he (Bo'az) hath not withdrawn
+his kindness."
+
+"" Lit. "one of our redeemers," /. e. whose business it
+
+
+come near hither, and eat of the bread, and
+dip thy morsel in the vinegar. And she
+seated herself iDeside the reapers : and he
+reached her parched corn, and she ate, and
+was satisfied, and had some left.
+
+15 Then did she arise to glean: and Bo'az
+commanded his young men, saying, Even be-
+tween the sheaves let her glean, and do not
+cause her to feel any shame;
+
+16 And ye shall also draw out some lor
+her from the bundles on purpose, and leave
+it, tliat she may glean it, and ye shall not
+rebuke her.
+
+17 So she gleaned in the field until the
+evening; and when she beat out what she
+had gleaned, it was about an ephah of barley.
+
+18 And she took it up, and she went into
+the city ; and her mother-in-law saw what
+she hail gleaned; and she brought forth, and
+gave to her what she had left over after she
+was satisfied.
+
+19 And her mother-in-law said unto her,
+Where hast thou gleaned to-day? and where
+hast thou wrought? may he that took cogni-
+zance of thee be blessed. And she told her
+mother-in-law with whom she had wrought,
+and said. The name of the man with whom I
+wrought to-day is Bo'az.
+
+20 Then said Na'omi unto her daughter-
+in-law, Blessed be he unto the Lord, who"
+hath not withheld his kindness from the liv-
+ing and from the dead. And Na'omi said
+unto her, The man is nearly related unto us,
+he is one of our next kinsmen.''
+
+21 And Ruth the Moiibitess said, He hath
+also said unto me. Thou shalt keep close
+company with my young men, until they
+have ended all my harvest.
+
+22 Then said Na'omi unto Ruth her daugh-
+ter-in-law. It is good, my daughter, that thou
+go out with his maidens, and that men mav
+nof meet with thee in any other field.
+
+23 So she kept close company with the
+maidens of Bo'az in gleaning until the end of
+the barley-harvest and of the wheat-harvest;
+and she dwelt with her mother-in-law.
+
+CHAPTER in.
+1 Then said Na'omi her mother-in-law
+unto her. My daughter, behold I will seek
+
+is to redeem the property sold by a kinsman. (See Lev.
+XXV. 125.)
+
+° Arnlieiui, "treat thee ill."
+
+
+RUTH III. IV.
+
+
+for tlioe a resting-phace, where it may be well
+with thee.
+
+2 And now, behold, Bo'az is our kinsman,
+he with whose maidens thou hast been. Lo,
+he is winnowing the barley to-night in the
+threshing-floor.
+
+?> Therefore bathe, and anoint th^-self and
+put thy garments upon thee, and go down to
+the threshing-floor; (but) make thyself not
+known unto the man, until he shall have
+finished eating and drinking.
+
+4 And it shall be, when he lieth down,
+that thou shalt note the place where he will
+lie, and thou shalt then go in, and lift up the
+covei'ing that is on his feet, and lay thyself
+down : and he will tell thee what thou shalt
+do.
+
+5 And she said unto her, All that thou
+sayest unto me will I do.
+
+6 And she went down unto the threshing-
+floor, and did in accordance with all that her
+mother-in-law had commanded her.
+
+7 And Bo'az ate and drank, and his heart
+became merry; and he then went in to lie
+down at the end of the heap of corn: and
+she came in softly, and lifted up the covering
+that was on his feet, and laid herself down.
+
+8 And it came to pass at midnigiit, that
+the man became terrified, and bent himself
+forward; and, behold, a woman was lying at
+his feet.
+
+9 And he said. Who art tliou? And she
+said, I am Ruth thy handmaid : spread there-
+fore thy skirt over thy handmaid ; for thou
+art a near kinsman.
+
+10 And he said. Blessed be thou unto the
+Lord, my daughter; for thou hast shown
+more kindness in the last instance than the
+first, by not going after the young men, whe-
+ther they be poor or rich.
+
+11 And now, my daughter, fear not: all
+that thou mayest say will I do for thee; for
+all (the men in) the gate of my people know
+that thou art a virtuous woman.
+
+12 And now. it is indeed true that I am
+thy near kinsman;" nevertheless, there is a
+kinsman nearer than I.
+
+13 Remain liere this night, and it shall be
+in the morning, that if he will redeem thee,
+well, let him redeem; but if he be not will-
+
+
+• Lit.
+er," &c.
+
+
+'that T am a redeemer, but there is a redeem-
+
+
+ing to redeem thee, then will I redeem thee,
+as the Lord liveth : lie still until the morning.
+
+14 And she lay at his feet until the morn-
+ing; and she rose up before one could know
+another. And he said. It must not Ijc known
+that this woman came into the threshing-floor.
+
+15 Also he said. Bring hither the cloak
+that tliou hast upon thee, and lay hold of it.
+And she laid hold of it, and he measured six
+(measures) of barley, and laid it on her, and
+went into the city.
+
+16 And she came to her mother-in-law,
+and she said. How is it with thee, my daugh-
+ter? And she told her all that the man had
+done to her.
+
+17 And she said. These six measures of
+barley gave he unto me; for he said to me,
+Thou shalt not come empty to thy motlier-in-
+law.
+
+18 Then said she. Remain still, my daugh-
+ter, until thou know how the matter will fall
+out; for the man will not rest, until he have
+finished the matter this day.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ But Bo'az went up to the gate,'' and
+sat down there; and, behold, the kinsman of
+whom Bo'az had spoken came passing by;
+and he said unto him, Turn aside hither, sit
+down here, such a one. And he turned aside,
+and sat down.
+
+2 And he took ten men of the elders of
+the city, and said. Sit ye down here. And
+they sat down.
+
+3 And he said unto the kinsman, Na'omi,
+that is returned out of the field of Moal),
+hath to sell" a parcel of land, which was our
+brother Elimelech's.
+
+4 And I thought to inform thee of it, say-
+ing. Buy it before those sitting here, and be-
+fore the elders of my people. If thou wilt re-
+deem it, redeem it; but if thou wilt not re-
+deem it, then tell me, that I may know; for
+there is none beside thee to redeem it, and I
+am after thee. And he said, I will redeem it.
+
+5 Then said Bo'az, On the day that thou
+buyest the field out of the hand of Na'omi,
+thou buyest it also from Ruth the Moiibitess,
+the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of
+the dead upon his inheritance.
+
+
+*" The plaee for the mngistrntes to meet in.
+' PhilippiBon; literally, "hath sold."
+
+
+8G7
+
+
+LAMENTATIONS T.
+
+
+6 And the kinsman said, I am not able to
+redeem it for myself, lest I injure my" own
+inheritance: redeem thou what I should re-
+deem for thyself; for I am not able to redeem
+it.
+
+7 Now this was formerly the custom in Is-
+rael at a redeeming and at an exchanging, to
+confirm any thing, that a man pulled off his
+shoe, and gave it to the other; and, this was
+the manner of testimony in Israel. '
+
+8 Thereupon said the kinsman unto Bo'az,
+Buy it for thee. And he pulled off his shoe.
+
+9 And Bo'az said unto the elders, and unto
+all the people, Ye are witnos.ses this day, that
+I have bought all that belonged to Elimelech,
+and all that belonged to Kilyon and Mach-
+lon, out of the hand of Na'omi.
+
+10 And also Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of
+Machlon, have I obtained for myself as my
+wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon
+his inheritance, that the name of the dead
+ma_v not be cut off from among his brethren,
+and from the gate of his place : ye are wit-
+nesses this day.
+
+11 And all the people that were in the
+gate, and the elders, said, (We are) witnesses.
+The Lord grant that the woman that is com-
+ing into thy house be like Eachel and like
+Leah, who did both build up the house of
+Israel : and acquire thou wealth in Ephrathah,
+and let thy name become famous in Beth-
+lechem ;
+
+12 And may thy house be like the house
+
+
+of Perez, whom Thamar bore unto Judah
+through the seed which the Lord will give
+thee of this young woman.
+
+13 And Bo'az took Ruth, and she became
+his wile, and he went in unto her : and the
+Lord gave her conception, and she bore a son.
+
+14 And the women said unto Na'omi,
+Blessed be the Lord, who hath not allowed
+to be wanting unto thee a kinsman this
+day: and may his name become famous in
+Israel.
+
+15 And may he be unto thee one who re-
+fresheth thy soul, and who nourisheth thy
+old age; for thy daughter-in-law, who loveth
+thee, hath born him, she who is better to
+thee than seven sons.
+
+16 And Na'omi took the child, and laid it
+in her lap, and she became a nurse unto it.
+
+17 And the neighbouring women gave
+him a name, saying. There hath been a son
+born unto Na'omi: and they called his name
+'Obed, who is the father of Jess^, the father
+of David.
+
+18 And these are the generations of Perez:
+Perez begat Chezron;
+
+19 And Chezron begat Ram; and Ram. be-
+gat 'Amminadab;
+
+20 And 'Amminadab begat Nachshon ; and
+Nachshon'' begat Salmah;
+
+21 And Salmon begat Bo'aa; and Bo'az
+begat 'Obed;
+
+22 And 'Obed begat Jess6, and Jess6 begat
+David.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF LAMENTATIONS,
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ Oh how doth she sit solitary — the
+city that was full of people is become like a
+widow ! she that was so great among the na-
+
+
+» Rashi says, he feared to cast a reproach upon the pro-
+bable issue of the Eiarriago by taking a Moabitess; Jona-
+than, that ho feared to take another wife, being married
+already, not to destroy his domestic peace; Herxheimer,
+858
+
+
+tions, the princess among the provinces, is be-
+come tributary !
+
+2 She weepeth sorely in the night, and
+her tears are on her cheeks; she hath none
+to comfort her among all her lovers: all her
+
+that by purchasing the land, which must go to the child
+of Ruth, he would diminish his own mcan.^ by so much
+as he paid for the land.
+
+'' As Nachshon came out of Kgypt, and as it wa.^ about
+
+
+LAMENTATIONS I.
+
+
+friends liivve dealt treacherously toward her,
+they are become her enemies.
+
+3 Exiled is Judah because of affliction, and
+because of the greatness of servitude; she
+dwelleth indeed among the nations, she find-
+eth no rest : all her pursuers have overtaken
+her between the narrow passes.'
+
+4 The ways to Zion are in mourning, be-
+cause none come to the solemn feasts ; all her
+gates are desolate; her priests sigh; her vir-
+gins moan, and she suffereth herself from
+bitter grief
+
+5 Her adversaries are become chiefs, her
+enemies prosper; for the Lord hath caused
+her to grieve because of the multitude of her
+transgressions: her babes are gone into capti-
+vity before the adversary.
+
+6 And there is gone forth from the daugh-
+ter of Zion all her splendour: her princes
+are become like harts that have found no
+pasture, and they flee without strength before
+the pursuer.
+
+7 Jerusalem remembereth in the days of
+her affliction and of her miseries all her mag-
+nificent things which have been in the days
+of old: when her people fell into the hand of
+the adversary, with none to help her, the
+adversaries looked at her, they laughed at the
+cessation (of her glory) .
+
+8 A grievous sin did Jerusalem commit,
+therefore is she become a wanderer: all that
+honoured her hold her in contempt, because
+they have seen her nakedness; she also sigh-
+eth, and turneth (ashamed) backward.
+
+9 (With) her uncleanness on her skirts, she
+thought not other latter end : therefore is she
+come down wonderfully, without one to com-
+fort her. Behold, O Lord, my affliction ; for
+the enemy hath become great (above me).''
+
+10 His hand hath the adversary spread out
+over all her magnificent things; for she hath
+seen nations entering into her sanctuary, of
+whom thou didst command that they should
+not enter into thy congregation.
+
+11 All her people sigh, they are seeking
+
+470 years between the Exodus and David's birth, it is
+
+supposed that several links are left out in the genealogy
+between him and Salmah or Salmon ; or between the latter
+and Bo'az.
+
+• Rashi ; /. e. places where escape is impossible. Jona-
+than, "the boundaries." Philippson and Eng. ver.,
+"straits," or "distresses."
+
+'■ Jonathan. iVj-iiheini, "hath done terrible (great)
+things."
+
+
+bread; they have given their precious things
+for food to refresh their soul: see, 0 Loud,
+and look, how I have been brought low.
+
+12 "I adjure'' you, all that pass this way,
+behold, and see if there be any pain like unto
+my pain, which hath been inflicted on me,
+wherewith the Lord hath aggrieved me on
+the day of his fierce anger.
+
+13 From on high hath he sent a fire into
+my bones, and breaketh'' (them) one by one:
+he hath spread a net lor my feet, he hath
+caused me to return backward ; he hath made
+me desolate, sick all the day.
+
+14 Bound fast" is the yoke of my tran.s-
+gressions by his hand, — ^they are wreathed,
+and come up upon my neck; he hath made
+my strength to stumble: the Lord hath given
+me up into the hands of (those against whom)
+I am not able to rise up.
+
+15 The Lord hath trodden under foot all
+my might}' men in the midst of me; he hath
+called an assembly against me to crush my
+young men : a winepress hath the Lord trod-
+den over the virgin, the daughter of Judah.
+
+16 For these things do I weep; my eye,
+my eye runneth down with water; because far
+from me is the comforter that should refresh
+my soul: my children are in misery,^ becau.se
+the enemy hath j^revailed."
+
+17 Zion spreadeth forth her hands, with-
+out one to comfort her; the Lord hath given
+a charge^ concernino; Jacob to all his ad-
+versaries round about him : Jerusalem is be-
+come as an unclean woman amonc; them.
+
+18 "Righteous is the Lord; for against his
+orders have I rebelled : oh do hear, all ye
+people, and see my pain ! my virgins and my
+young men are gone into captivity.
+
+19 I called for my lovers, but they deceived
+me : my priests and my elders perished in the
+city; for they sought food for themselves to
+refresh their soul.
+
+20 See, 0 Lord! how I am in distress; my
+bowels are heated ; my heart is tui'ned round
+within me; because I have grievously rebel-
+
+' Jonathan, taking xiS as abridged for n'7N " to swea ;'
+hence, Philippson, "Mark well." Eng. ver., "Ts it no-
+thing to you?" Rashi, "May such (evil) not come on
+you," or "To you hath this not happened."
+
+^ Rashi. Aben Ezra, "it ruleth in them."
+
+' Rashi, npB': "marked," "pointed," that thoy m-iy
+not be forgotten.
+
+' Lit. "desolate,"
+
+' i. c. They should come and destroy.
+
+sua
+
+
+LAMENTATIONS I. II.
+
+
+led : abroad bereavetli the sword, at home, like
+the pestilence.^
+
+21 They hear how greatly I sigh, (yet)
+there is none to comfort me; all my enemies
+have heard of my misfortune, they are glad
+that thou hast done it: oh that thou wouldst
+bring the day which thou hast proclaimed
+(against me) ," that they may become like me.
+
+22 Let all their wickedness come before
+tliee, and do unto them as thou hast done
+unto me because of all my transgressions;
+for many are my sighs, and my heart is
+sick."
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ]| Oh how hath the Lord covered in his
+anger the daughter of Zion with a cloud; he
+hath cast down from heaven unto the earth
+the ornament of Israel; and he hath not
+remembered his footstool on the day of his
+anger !
+
+2 The Lord hath destroyed and hath not
+pitied all the habitations of Jacob; he hath
+thrown down in his wrath the strong-holds
+of the daughter of Judah; he hath thrown
+them down to the ground: he hath defiled
+the kingdom and its princes.
+
+3 He hath hewn away in his fierce anger
+the whole horn of Israel; he hath drawn
+back his right hand from before the enemy;
+and he burnt against Jacob like a tlaming fire,
+which devoureth round about.
+
+4 He bent his bow like an enemy ; he held
+out his right hand as an adversary, and slew
+all that were pleasant to the e^e: in the tent
+of the daughter of Zion did he pour out like
+fire his fury.
+
+5 The Lord became like an enemy; he de-
+stroyed Israel, he destroyed all her palaces,
+he ruined her strong-holds; and he increased
+in the midst of the daughter of Judah groan-
+ing and wailing.
+
+6 And he violently wasted," as if it were a
+garden, his tabernacle; he destroyed his place
+of assembly : (yea,) the Lord hath caused to
+be forgotten in Zion the solemn feast and the
+day of rest, and hath despised in the indigna-
+tion of his anger both king and priest.
+
+' Lit. "death." Others, "as death doth in the house."
+'' Rashi. Philipp.son, "ou which thou mayest proclaim
+
+that they shall be like me."
+
+' Kaslii, taking o'DITl as "cutting away." Philippson,
+
+'•as on a p;arden cast he down his fences."
+S/0
+
+
+7 The Lord hath cast off his altai, he hath
+made void his sanctuary, he hath snrrer.derc-<.l
+into the hand of the enemy the walls of Lc<
+palaces: they have made their voice to re-
+sound in the house of the Lord, as on a day
+of a solemn feast.
+
+8 The Lord had resolved to destroy th^
+wall of the daughter of Zion; he stretched
+out the measuring-line, he withdrew not his
+hand from destroying: and he caused the
+rampart and the wall to mourn; together
+they languish.
+
+9 Sunk into the ground are her gates; he
+hath ruined and broken her bars: her king
+and her princes are among the nations with-
+out any law; her prophets also obtain no
+more any vision from the Lord.
+
+10 The elders of the daughter of Zion sit
+upon the ground, they keep silence; they
+have thrown dust upon their head; they
+have girt themselves with sackcloth: the
+virgins of Jerusalem have brought down low
+their head to the ground.
+
+11 My eyes do fail with tears, my bowels
+are heated, my liver is poured upon the earth,
+because of the breach of the daughter of my
+people; because babes and sucklings faint
+away in the streets of the town.
+
+12 To their mothers they say. Where is
+corn and wine? when they faint away like
+the deadly wounded in the streets of the city,
+when their soul is poured out on the bo-
+som of their mother.
+
+1.3 What shall I take to witness* for thee?
+what shall I compare unto thee, 0 daughter
+of Jerusalem? what shall I find equal to thee,
+that I may comfort thee, 0 virgin daughter
+of Zion ? for great like the sea is thy breach ;
+who can bring healing to thee?
+
+14 Thy prophets foresaw for thee vain and
+deceptive things; and they did not lay open
+thy iniquity, to cause thy backsliders to re-
+turn ; but they foresaw for thee prophecies of
+falsehood and seduction."
+
+15 All that pass by (this) way clap their
+hands on account of thee; they hiss and
+shake their head over the daughter of Jeru-
+salem : (saying,) Is this the city that men
+
+
+* Aben Ezra, "What witnesses, to whom the like hath
+happened?" Philippson, "How shall I admonish thee?"
+
+• Meaning, had the prophets but done their duty, had
+they spoken the truth, the Israelites might have repented;
+but they flattorod them; hence the ruin that came.
+
+
+LAMENTATIONS II. III.
+
+
+called The perfection of beauty, The joy for
+all the earth?
+
+16 All thy enemies open wide their mouth
+against thee; they hiss and gnash their teeth;
+they say, We have swallowed her up: ah,
+truly this is the day that we hoped for; we
+have found, we have seen it.
+
+17 The Lord hath done what he had re-
+solved ; he hath accomplished his word which
+he had ordained already in the days of old;
+he hath thrown down, and hath not pitied:
+and he hath caused to rejoice over thee thy
+enemy, he hath raised on high the horn of
+thy adversaries.
+
+18 Their heart crieth unto the Lord. 0
+thou wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears
+run down like a stream day and night ; allow
+thyself no rest; let not the apple of thy eye
+be still.
+
+19 Arise, complain aloud in the night, in
+the beginning of the watches; pour out like
+water thy heart before the face of the Lord :
+lift up toward him thy hands because of the
+life of thy babes, that faint away for hunger
+at the corner of all the streets.
+
+20 See, 0 Lord, and behold! to whom
+Iiast thou ever done the like? Shall women,
+then, eat their own fruit, the babes they have
+tenderly nursed? or shall there be slain in
+the sanctuary of the Lord the priest and the
+prophet ?
+
+21 There lie down on tlie ground in the
+streets the lad and the ancient; my virgins
+and nry young men ai'e fiillen by the sword :
+thou hast slain on the day of thy anger ; thou
+hast slaughtered, thou hast not pitied.
+
+22 Tliou hast called, as it were on a fes-
+tive day, my evil neighbours" from round
+about; and there was not on the day of the
+Lord's anger one that escaped or remained :
+those that I had tenderly nursed and reared
+up my enemy brought to their end.
+
+CHAPTER in.
+
+1^1 am the man who hath seen affliction
+by the rod of his wrath.
+
+2 Me hath he driven out, and led into
+darkness, but not into light.
+
+
+* Rashi. Aben Ezra, "terrors." Philippson, "riot-
+ous assemblages."
+
+" Rashi, miD as the verb of TD "thorn." Arnheini,
+"turneth upside down." Others, "turned aside."
+
+" /". '•. The arrows.
+
+
+3 Surely against me doth he turn again
+and again his hand all the day.
+
+4 He hath caused my flesh and my skin to
+wear out, he hath broken my bones.
+
+5 He hath built around me, and encom-
+passed me with poison and hardship.
+
+6 In dark places hath he set me to dwell,
+like the dead of olden times.
+
+7 He hath placed a fence round about me,
+that I cannot get out : he hath made heavy
+my chain.
+
+8 Also when I cry aloud and make en-
+treaty, he shutteth out my prayer.
+
+9 He hath fenced up my ways with hewn
+stone, my paths hath he made crooked.
+
+10 A bear lying in wait is he to me, a lion
+in secret places.
+
+11 On my waj's hath he placed thorns^
+and torn me in pieces : he hath made me de-
+solate.
+
+12 He hath bent his bow, and placed me
+as a mark for the arrow.
+
+13 He hath caused to enter into my reins
+the children" of his quiver.
+
+14 1 am become a laughing-stock to all my
+people, their (jeering) song all the day.
+
+15 He hath sated me with bitter things,
+he hath made me drunken with wormwood.
+
+16 He hath also broken my teeth with
+gravel-stones, he hath covered me with ashes.
+
+17 And my soul hath given up all thoughts
+of peace : I forget happiness.
+
+18 And I said. Lost is my strength,'" my
+expectation also from the Lord.
+
+19 Eemembering my affliction and (the
+cause of) my complaint, is wormwood and
+poison.
+
+20 Remembering (this) continually my
+soul is bowed down deeply within me.
+
+21 (Yet) this answer will I give to my
+heart: therefore will I wait (in confidence).
+
+22 It is through the Lord's kindness that
+we are not consumed," because his mercies
+have no end;
+
+23 They are new every morning: great is
+thy faithfulness.
+
+24 The Lord is my portion, saith my soul,
+therefore will I wait for him.
+
+^ Rashi, "my eternal portion." Arnheim, "victory."
+Jonathan, " My strength and the good I hoped for from
+the LoKD."
+
+° Rashi, one opinion, "For the kindnesses of the Lord
+do not cease."
+
+871
+
+
+LAMENTATIONS III.
+
+
+25 The Lord is good unto those that hope
+in him, to the soul that seeketh him.
+
+26 It is good tliat one should wait and
+this in silence for the salvation of tlie Lord.
+
+27 It is good for a man that lie bear the
+yoke in his youth ;
+
+28 That he sit in solitude and he silent;
+because He hath laid it upon him;
+
+29 That he put his mouth in the dust;
+perhaps there still is hope ;
+
+30 That he offer his cheek to him that
+smiteth him; that he be satisfied with re-
+proach.
+
+31 For tlie Lord will not cast off for ever;
+
+32 But though he have caused grief, yet
+will he have mercy according to the abun-
+dance of his kindnesses.
+
+33 For he doth not afflict of his own will,
+and aggrieve the children of men.
+
+34 To crush under his feet all the prisoners
+of the earth,
+
+35 To pervert tlie justice (due to man)
+before the face of the Most High,
+
+36 To subvert a man in his contest — should
+the Lord not see this?"
+
+37 Who is he tliat saitli aught, and it cometh
+to pass, when the Lord hath not ordained it?
+
+38 Do not out of the mouth of the Most
+High come both
+good?
+
+39 Wherefore should a livin"' man com-
+plain? let every man complain'' because of
+ins sins.
+
+40 Let us search through and investigate
+our ways, and let us return to the Lord.
+
+41 Let us lift up our heart with our hands
+unto God in the heavens.
+
+42 We have indeed transgressed and re-
+belled: thou hast truly not pardoned.
+
+43 Thou hast covered (us)' with thy an-
+ger, and made pursuit after us: thou hast
+slain, thou hast not pitied.
+
+44 Thou hast covered thyself with a cloud,
+that no prayer should pass through.
+
+45 As something loathsome and rejected
+
+' Jonatlian. Verses 34-.3() state thus several cases of
+wrong-doing; and Jeremiah then asks himself, whether
+the Lord must not sec and condemn it; consequently it is
+not to be expected that (Ind would willingly and arbitrarily
+do himself injustice by afflicting the just. Rashi ren-
+ders, "The Lord doth not approve this, and it hath not
+entered his tlioughts to do so."
+
+"' Haslii. Others continue the question, "Why will
+iuan conii'lain while he liveth, every man over his sin.»?"
+
+
+the evil things and the
+
+
+hast thou rendered us in the midst of the
+people.
+
+46 Wide have all our enemies opened
+against us their mouth.
+
+47 Terror and a snare are come upon us,
+(with) desolation and breaches.
+
+48 With streams of water runneth my eye
+down, because of the breach of the daughter
+of my people.
+
+49 My eye trickleth down, and resteth not,
+without any intermission,
+
+50 Till the Lord look down, and behold
+from heaven.
+
+51 My eye afTecteth'' my soul because of
+all the daughters of my city.
+
+52 Those who are my enemies, without a
+cause, have chased me about like a bird.
+
+53 They have shut up" in the dungeon my
+life, and have cast stones u^ion me.
+
+54 Waters streamed over my head : I said,
+I am cut off.
+
+55 I called on thy name, 0 Lord, out of
+the dungeon of the lowest depth.
+
+56 Tliou didst hear my voice: hide not
+thy ear to give me enlargement' at my cry.
+
+57 Thou wast ever near on the day that I
+called on thee : thou saidst. Fear not.
+
+58 Thou didst plead, 0 Lord, the causes
+of my soul: thou didst (before this) redeem
+my life.
+
+59 Thou hast (now) seen, 0 Lord, the
+wrong I suffer: judge thou my cause.
+
+60 Thou hast seen all their vengeance, all
+their plans against me.
+
+61 Thou hast heard their reviling, 0 Lord,
+all their plans against me,
+
+62 The speeches'^ of those that rise up
+against me, and their device against me all
+the day.
+
+63 Oh look upon their sitting down, and
+their rising up: I am their (jeering) song.
+
+64 Bender unto them a recompense, 0
+Lord, according to the work of their hands.
+
+65 Give them confusion'' of heart, thy curse
+be upon them.
+
+" Jonathan, Rashi, and Aben Ezra. Arnheini, " thy-
+self."
+
+'' Jonathan, who supplies, " the weeping of." Rashi,
+"My eye is defaced because of myself more than all
+the," &c.
+
+" Rashi, "shut up," "bound." Others, "they have cut
+off." 'Jonathan, 'Lit. "lips."
+
+■■ Philippson. Rashi, "breach." Zunz, "what their
+heart concealeth." Herxheimer, "obstinacy."
+
+
+LAMENTATIONS III. IV. V.
+
+
+on Pursue tlioiu in anger ami destroy from
+under the heavens of the Lokd.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Tl Oh how is the gold become dim I how
+is the most fine gold changed ! how are the
+stones of the sanctuary poured out at the cor-
+ners of every street.
+
+2 The precious sons of Zion, valued equal to
+pure gold, how are thej- now esteemed as earth-
+en pitchers, the work ol'the hands of the potter!
+
+o Even wild beasts offer the breast, they
+give suck to their young ones: the daughter
+of my people is Ijecome cruel, lil^e the os-
+triches" in the wilderness.
+
+4 The tongue of the suckling cleaveth to
+its palate by reason of thirst: Ijahes ask for
+bread, there is not one to break it for them.
+
+5 Those that used to eat daint}' food are
+desolate in the streets: they that were reared
+up on scarlet now embrace dunghills.
+
+6 For greater is the iniquity of the daugh-
+ter of my people than the sin of Sodom, tluit
+was overthrown as it were in a moment, and
+no human hands were laid on her.
+
+7 lier crowned princes were purer than
+snow, they were whiter than milk, they were
+more brilliant in body than pearls, more than
+the sapphire, their countenance :
+
+8 Darker than black is now their visaure;
+they are not to be recognised in the streets;
+their skin is shrivelled fast upon their bones;
+it is dry, it is become like wood.
+
+9 Happier are those slain by the sword
+than those slain by hunger; for tho.se poured
+forth their blood, being pierced through, —
+(these perislied) without the fruits of the field.''
+
+10 The hands of merciful women cooked
+their own children : they became food unto
+them in tlie downfall of the daughter of my
+people.
+
+11 The Lord hath let loose all his fury;
+he hath poured out the fierceness of his an-
+ger; and he hath kindled a fire in Zion, which
+hath devoured her foundations.
+
+12 The kings of the earth, and all the in-
+habitants of the woi-ld, would not believe
+that an adversary or an enemy could ever
+onter within the gates of Jerusalem.
+
+
+' Job sxxix. 14.
+
+" Partly after Jonathan, referring Druy to the first men-
+tioned, those actually slain ; and niy nuijj-io to the second,
+"without the fruits of the field." So also Aruheim. Phi-
+5 K
+
+
+13 (But it hath liM[)pened) because of the
+sins of her prophets, the iniquities of her
+priests, that had shed in the midst of her
+the blood of the righteous.
+
+14 They wandered about blindly in the
+sti'eets, they became defiled with blood : so that
+men were not able to touch their garments.
+
+15 Depart, ye unclean, they called out unto
+them; depart, depart, touch not. So they
+flee away and also wander about: men say
+among the nations. They shall no more so-
+journ there."
+
+16 The anger of the Lord hath divided
+them ; he will no more look at them : the
+faces of the priests they respected not, and
+the elders they spared not.
+
+17 Even now our eyes anxiously wait for
+our valueless help : in our waiting have we
+waited for a nation that cannot help.
+
+18 They hunt our steps, that we cannot
+walk in our streets: our end is near, our days
+are full ; for our end is come.
+
+19 Swifter were our pursuers than the
+eagles of heaven : upon the mountains did
+they hotly follow us, in the wilderness did
+they lie in wait for us.
+
+20 The breath of our nostrils, the anoint-
+ed of the Lord, was caught in their pits, he,
+of whom we said. Under his shadow shall we
+live among the nations.
+
+21 Be glad and rejoice, 0 daughter of
+Edom, that dwellest in the laud of 'Uz: also
+unto thee shall the cup pass; thou wilt be
+drunken, and make thyself naked."*
+
+22 Brought to an end is thy iniquity, 0
+daughter of Zion ; He will no more carry
+tliee away into exile: He visiteth thy ini-
+quity, 0 daughter of Edom; He layeth open
+thy sins.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 If Remember, 0 Lord, what hath oc-
+curred to us, look down, ami behold our dis-
+grace.
+
+2 Oiu- inheritance is turned over to stran-
+gers, our houses to aliens.
+
+3 Orphans are we become, and (we are)
+without a father, our mothers are like wi-
+dows.
+
+
+lippson renders, "for these pour forth their blood, pierced
+through, not earing for the fruits of the field."
+
+° /. e. In their land, made unclean by them.
+
+'' Rashi, "thou wilt vomit," or "empty thyself."
+
+873
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES I.
+
+
+4 Our water have we drunk for money:
+our wood Cometh to us for a purchase
+price.
+
+5 Up to our necks are we pursued : we are
+fatigued, and no rest is allowed us.
+
+6 To Egypt do we stretch out our hand, to
+Asshur, to be satisfied with bread.
+
+7 Our fathers have sinned, and are no
+more ; but we have indeed to bear their ini-
+quities.
+
+8 Servants rule over us: no one delivereth
+us out of their hand.
+
+9 At the peril of our life must we bring-
+home our bread, because of the sword of the
+wilderness.
+
+10 Our skin gloweth like an oven, because
+of the heat of famine.
+
+11 Women have they ravished in Zion,
+virgins, in the cities of Judah.
+
+12 Princes were hanged up by their hand:
+the faces of elders were not honoured.
+
+13 Young men they bore to the mill, and
+boys stumbled under the wood."
+
+
+14 The elders have ceased from the gate,
+young men, from their singing.
+
+15 Ceased hath the joy of our heart: our
+dance is changed into mourning.
+
+IG Fallen is the crown of our head: wo to
+us, for we have sinned.
+
+17 Because of this is our heart made sick;
+for these things are our eyes dimmed;
+
+18 Because of the mount of Zion which is
+wasted, foxes walk about on it.
+
+19 0 thou. Lord, wilt truly abide for ever,
+thy throne existeth throughout all genera-
+tions.
+
+20 Wherefore wilt thou forget us for ever?
+wilt thou forsake us for so long a time?
+
+21 Cause us to return, 0 Lord, unto thee,
+and we will return : renew our days as of
+old.
+
+22 For wunldsf' thou entirely reject us, be
+wroth with us to the uttermost?
+
+[21 Cause us to return, 0 Lord, unto thee,
+and we will I'eturn: renew our days as of
+old.]
+
+
+THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES,
+
+
+CHAPTER L
+
+1 T[ The words of Koheleth,'' the son of
+David, the king in Jerusalem.
+
+2 Vanity* of vanities, saith Koheleth, va-
+nity of vanities: all is vanity.
+
+3 What profit hath a man of ail his toil
+which he toileth under the sun?
+
+4 One generation passeth away, and an-
+other generation cometh ; but the earth endur-
+eth for ever.
+
+
+' i. r. While carrying heavy loads of wood.
+
+'' Herxheimer. Philippson and Sachs, " Wouklst thou
+have rejected us?" Rashi, "Thou shouldst not have
+rejected us (for our sins) nor been angry with us too
+much, as thou hast been wrotli ;" but the sense is in all
+the same. Amheim, "For truly thou hast rejected us,
+been angry with us exceedingly niucli "
+
+° n'7np Koh.i'lith, is rendered "the prcMcher;" the root
+') Snp Kiihdl, "to assemble;" hence it signifies either,
+»7i
+
+
+5 The sun also riseth, and the sun goeth
+down, and striving to reach his place he
+riseth again there.
+
+G Going- toward the south, and turning
+round toward the north, the wind moveth
+roinid al)out continually; and around its cir-
+cles doth the wind return again.
+
+7 All the i-ivers run into the sea; yet
+the sea is never full: unto the place whi-
+ther' the rivers go, thither will they continue
+to go.
+
+
+as Rashi states, "who had gathered up much wisdom," or
+"who spoke in public assemblies," — "the preacher," or
+"orator."
+
+•^ Philippson, "Nothingness," and so throughout.
+
+* Some, and among them Rashi, refer the first part of
+verse 6 to the sun: "in the day he goeth to the south, at
+night lie goeth round to the north."
+
+' liashi, "whence the rivers c(ime, tiiither will llii'y re-
+turn."
+
+
+ECCLESTASTES I. II.
+
+
+8 AW tliii\gs weary themselves" (constants
+ly) ; man cannot utter tliem : the eye is never
+satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with
+hearing.
+
+9 That which hath been, is tiie same
+which will be; and that which hath been
+done, is the same which will be done; and
+there is nothing new under the sun.
+
+10 If there be any thing whereof it is said,
+See, this is new: it hath already been in
+olden times which were before us.''
+
+11 (Only) there is no recollection of former
+(generations) ; and also of the later ones, that
+are to be — of these (likewise) there will be
+no recollection with those that will be still
+later.
+
+12 I Koheleth was king over Israel in Je-
+rusalem.
+
+13 And I directed my heart to inquire and
+to search out by wisdom concerning all that is
+done under the heavens : this is an evil em-
+ployment which God hath given to the sons
+of man to bu.'^y themselves therewith.
+
+14 I saw all the deeds that are done under
+the sun: and, behold, all is vanity and a tor-
+ture of the spirit."
+
+.15 What is crooked cannot be made
+straight ; and that which is defective cannot
+be numbered.
+
+IG I spoke with my own heart, saying, Lo, I
+have truly obtained greater and more wisdom
+than all those who have been before me over
+Jerusalem : yea, my lieart had seen much wis-
+dom and knowledge.
+
+17 And I directed my heart to know wis-
+dom, and to know madness and folly; (but)
+I have perceived that this also is a torture of
+the spirit.
+
+18 For where there is much wisdom there
+is much vexation ; and he tliat increaseth
+knowledge increaseth pain.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+1 Come, then, I said in my heart, I will
+have a taste of joy, and thou shalt see what
+is good; but, behold, this also was vanity.
+
+' Aben Ezra; i. r. are acting ceaselessly. Rashi,
+"cause fatigue."
+
+' Philippson, after Ewald, "that which happeneth in
+owT presence happened already long since in olden times."
+
+"Jonathan. Aben Ezra, ''feeding the wind." (Hosea
+sii. 2.) Philippson, "striving for wind."
+
+'' R.ashi. Lit. "draw." Philippson, "to guide."
+
+' Kashi. Jonathan, ''warm and hot baths." Aben
+
+
+2 Of laughter I said. It maketli one mad :
+and of joy, What doth this do?
+
+3 I resolved in my heart to indulge* my
+\H)dy with wine, while my heart guideth it-
+self with wisdom; and to lay last hold on
+folly, till I might see what it is that is good
+for the sons of men, which they should do
+under the heavens during tlie number of the
+days of their life.
+
+4 I made great works: I built myself
+houses ; I planted myself vineyards ;
+
+5 I made myself gardens and orchards,
+and I planted therein trees of all kinds of
+fruit ;
+
+G I made myself pools of water, to water
+therewith the forest overgrown with trees;
+
+7 I bought men-servants and maid-ser-
+vants, and I had likewise those born in my
+house; I had also great pos.sessions of cattle
+and Hocks above all that had been before me
+in Jerusalem.
+
+8 I gathered unto myself also silver and
+gold, and the choice treasures of kings and of
+the provinces : I procured myself male singers
+and female singers, and the delights of the
+sons of men, wagons and chariots."
+
+9 So was I great, and obtained more than
+all that had been before me in Jerusalem:
+also my wisdom remained*^ with me.
+
+10 And whatsoever my eyes desired I re-
+fused them not; I withheld not my heart from
+any joy ; for my heart was rejoiced witli all
+my toil, and this was my portion of all my
+toil.
+
+11 But when I turned myself (to look) on
+all my works that my hands had wrought,
+and on the toil that I had toiled to accom-
+plish : then, behold, all was vanity and a
+torture of the spirit, and there was no profit
+under the sun.
+
+12 And then I turned myself to behold
+wisdom, and madness, and folly; for what
+(can) the man (do) that cometh after the
+king? (only) that which (others) have done
+already."
+
+13 But I saw indeed that wisdom hath the
+
+Ezra, "female captives as concubines." With the latter
+Arnheim agi-ees. Philippson and Herxheimer, '-many
+wives." The word mw occurs but here, and is of uncer-
+tain derivation. ' Jonathan, "and a.ssisted nie."
+
+^ Aben Ezra; meaning, the experience of those inferior
+in rank to the king cannot be any more happy than hia
+own ; he can only do as others have done, and find no
+satisfaction in the pursuit of mere carnal pleasures.
+
+875
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES II. III.
+
+
+advtmtage over folly, as great as the advan-
+tage of light over darkness.
+
+14 Tl e wine man Jiath his eyes in his
+head, while the fool walketh in darkness; but
+I myself perceived then also that one occur-
+rence will befixU all of tliem.
+
+15 Then said I in my heart, The same
+that befalleth the fool will also befall even
+me: and why have I tlien l)een wiser? Then
+spoke I in my heart, that this is also vanity.
+
+16 For there is no recollection of the wise
+any more than of the fool for ever: seeing
+that which hath long ago been will, in the
+days that are coming, all be forgotten. And
+how doth the wise die equally with the
+fool!
+
+17 Therefore I hated life; because I felt
+displeased with the work that is wrought
+under the sun; for all is vanity and a torture
+of the spirit.
+
+18 Yea, I hated also all my toil with which
+I had toiled under the sun ; because I should
+have to leave it unto the man that will be
+after me.
+
+19 And who knoweth, whether he will be
+a wise man or a fool ? yet will he have full
+sway over all my toil wherein I have toiled,
+and wherein I have shown myself wise un-
+der the sun. Also this is vanity.
+
+20 Therefore I turned about to cause my
+heart to give up thinking of all the toil
+wherewith I had toiled under the sun.
+
+21 For there is many a man whose toil
+is in wisdom, and in knowledge, and with
+energy: yet to a man that hath not toiled
+therefor must he give it as his portion. Also
+this is vanity and a great evil.
+
+22 For what doth a man obtain of all his
+toil, and of the torture" of his heart, where-
+with he toileth under the sun?
+
+23 For all his days are fidl of pains, and
+vexation is (mingled with) his employment:
+yea, even in the night his heart taketh not
+rest. Also this is vanity.
+
+24 It is not a good'' thing (inherent) in
+man that he should eat and drink, and that
+he should make his soul enjoy happiness for
+
+
+• Rashi. Eng. ver., "vexation." Philipp.son, ".striv-
+ing." Arnheim, "thinking."
+
+"Jonathan, "Nothing is good for man, but that he
+fihoiil.!," &c.
+
+° Septuagint reail.s, ij03 "from him;" thu.s, "For who
+cau eat — unless it be from him?" i. e. God.
+870
+
+
+his toil. Also this have T seen, that it cometh
+out of the hand of God.
+
+25 For who can well eat, or who can en-
+joy earthly things more than I?''
+
+26 For to a man who is good in his pre-
+sence (God) giveth wisdom, and knowledge,
+and joy ; but to the sinner he giveth employ-
+ment, to gather uja and to bring together,
+that he may give it to him that is good before
+God. Also this is vanity and a torture of
+the spirit.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 For every thing there is a season ; and a
+(proper) time is for every pursuit under the
+heavens.
+
+2 (There is) a time to be born, and a time
+to die ; a time to plant, and a time to pluck
+up what hath been planted;
+
+3 A time to kill, and a time to heal; a
+time to break down, and a time to build up ;
+
+4 A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a
+time to mourn, and a time to dance;
+
+5 A time to throw away stones, and a time
+to gather up stones; a time to embrace, and a
+time to be far from embracing;
+
+6 A time to seek, and a time to let things
+be lost; a time to keep, and a time to throw
+away ;
+
+7 A time to rend, and a time to sew; a
+time to keep silence, and a time to speak;
+
+8 A time to love, and a time to hate; a
+time of war, and a time of peace.
+
+9 What profit hath (now) he that worketh
+in that wherein he toileth?
+
+10 I have seen the emploj'ment, which
+God hath given to the sons of men to busy
+themselves therewith.
+
+11 Every thing hath he made beautiful in
+its (proper) time: he hath also placed the
+eternity'' in their heart, without a man's be-
+ing able to find out the work that God hath
+made from the beginning to the end.
+
+12 1 know that there is nothins; good (in-
+herent) in them, but for every one to rejoice,
+and to do what is good during (all) his life.
+
+13 For also that every man should eat
+
+
+■' Aben Ezra, who explains, " Man acts as though he
+would live for ever; and because he is so occupied in
+worldly matters, he has no understanding of God's work-
+ing." Others render, "he hath also placed the world,"
+i. I', worldly wisdom, according to Ra^hi; others, desire
+for worldly things. I'hilippson, "eternal duration."
+
+
+ECCLESIA8TE8 ITT. TV.
+
+
+ami drink, and enjo}- what is good for all his
+toil, is likewise a gift of God.
+
+l-l 1 know that whatsoever God doth,
+tlii.t will be for ever; to it nothing can be
+added, and from it there is nothing to be
+diminished: and God hath so made it, that
+men shoidd be afraid of him.
+
+15 Tliat which hath been hath long since
+appeared (again)"; and what is to be hath
+already been; and God seeketh (again) that
+which is sped away.*"
+
+IG And moreover I have seen under the
+sun, (that in) the place of justice, even there
+was wickedness; and (that in) the place of
+righteousness, even there was wickedness.
+
+17 I said in my heart, God will judge the
+righteous and the wicked; ibr there is a time
+for every pursuit; and on account of every
+deed there (will he judge)."
+
+18 1 said in m}- heart concerning the speak-
+in-g'' of the sons of men, that God might make
+it clear to them, and that they might see
+that they by themselves are but beasts.
+
+19 For that which befalleth the sons of
+men befalleth beasts; even the same thing be-
+falleth them; as the one dieth, so dieth the
+other; yea, they have all one kind of spirit:
+so that the preeminence of man alx)ve the
+beast is nought; for all is vanity.
+
+20 Every thing goeth unto one place:
+every thing came from the dust, and every
+thing returueth to the dust.
+
+21 Who knoweth the spirit of the sons of
+man" that ascendeth upward, and the spirit
+of the beast that descendeth downward to
+the earth?'
+
+22 And so did I perceive that there is
+nothing better, than that a man should re-
+joice in his own works; for that is his por-
+tion; for who can bring him to look with
+pleasure on what will be after him?
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 And I turned about, and Ijeheld all the
+oppressed that are made so under the sun:
+
+
+' Philippson, distinguishing between n'D "was," and
+Xin "is;" but Rashi, "what bath been is past, and we
+have seen it or beard of it "
+
+*" Jonathan and Rashi, "lookcth after the persecuted."
+
+° Rashi.
+
+'■ Rashi, "aiTOganee." Abeu Ezra, "because of the
+3ons of men whom God hath selected, I see that," &c.
+Philippson, "it is to prove God, and to see that," &c.
+
+
+and. behold, thei'e are the tears of the op-
+pressed, and they have no comforter; and
+from the hand of their oppressors they suf-
+fer violence;*^ and they have no comforter.
+
+2 Thereu[)on praised I the dead tha'fc are
+already dead, more than the living who are
+still alive;
+
+3 And as happier than both of them, him
+who hath not yet come into being, who hath
+not seen the evil-doing that is done under the
+sun. —
+
+4 Again, I beheld all the toil, and all the
+energy in doing, that it is (from) the envy
+of one man of his neighbour. Also this is
+vanity and a torture of the spirit.
+
+5 The fool foldeth his hands together, and
+eateth his own ilesh.
+
+6 Better is a handful of quiet, than both
+the hands full of toil and torture of the spirit.
+
+7 Then I turned about, and I saw a vanity
+under the sun.
+
+8 There is one alone, and he hath not a
+companion ; yea, he hath neither son nor bro-
+ther: yet is there no end to all his toil; his
+eye also is not satisfied with riches. Yet for
+whom do I toil, and deprive my soul of good?
+Also this is vanity, yea, it is a bad employment.
+
+9 Two are better than one; because they
+will have a good reward for their toil.
+
+10 For if they fiUl, the one will lift up his
+fellow; but wo to the single one that falleth;
+for he hath no companion to lift him up.
+
+11 Also, if two lie together, then will they
+become wann ; but how can one person alone
+become warm?
+
+12 And if a man could overpower him, the
+single one, two would stand up against him:
+and a threefold cord cannot quickly be torn
+asunder.
+
+13 Better is a poor and a wise youth than
+an old and foolish king, who knoweth not
+how to be admonished any more.
+
+14 For out of the prison cometh the one*"
+to reign:
+
+
+whereas also in his kinmlom the
+
+
+other becometh poor.
+
+
+' So must it be rendered after the Massorah ; the mo-
+derns, however, render it, "whether it ascend," &c.
+
+' Philippson regards verses 19-21 as the speaking of
+the worldly, which Knbeleth cites in verse 18; con-
+sequently, all contradiction to himself is thus avoided.
+
+^ HD here the effect of "power," "wrong," "violence."
+
+'' Arnheim; but he renders the last part, "so is theotiier
+with his royal dignity one born poor." Tiash.i, giving
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES IV. V.
+
+
+15 I have seen all the living who walk
+under the sun, being with the second child
+that is to stand up in his stead.
+
+16 There was no end to all the people,
+(belonging) to all that have been before them :
+they also that come after will not rejoice in
+him. Surely this also is vanity and a torture
+of the spirit. —
+
+17° Watch thy foot when thou goest to the
+house of God, and be near to hearken (to his
+will), more than to give the sacrifice of fools;
+for they consider not that they do evil (to
+themselves) .**
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 Suffer not thy mouth to be rash, and let
+thy heart not be hasty to utter any word be-
+fore God; for God is in the heavens, and thou
+art upon the earth : therefore let thy words
+be few.
+
+2 For a dream cometh through beinsi- much
+
+
+the matter; for one that is high watclieth
+over the high; and over them, the highest
+Power.
+
+8 But the advantage of a land in all things
+is, a king who is subject to the country.*^
+
+9 He that loveth money will never be
+satisfied with money; nor he that loveth
+abundance, with any increase. Also this is
+vanity.
+
+10 When prosperity increaseth, those that
+consume it (likewise) increase: and what ad-
+vantage is there to its owner, saving to see
+(it) with his ej-es?
+
+11 Sweet is the sleep of the labouring
+man, whether he eat little or much; but the
+overabundance of the rich will not sutler
+him to sleeiD.
+
+12 There is a sore evil wliich I have seen
+under the sun, (namely,) riches reserved for
+their owner to his own hurt.
+
+13 And these riches are lost through an
+
+
+eraplojed (with something), and the voice ;; unfortunate event ;^ and he begetteth a son,
+
+
+of a fool cometh with a multitude of words.
+
+3 When thou niakest a vow unto God, do
+not delay to pay it; for he hath no pleasure
+in such fools: that which thou hast vowed
+must thou pay.
+
+4 It is better that thou shouldst not vow,
+than that thou shouldst vow and not pay.
+
+5 Suffer not thy mouth to cause thy body''
+to sin; and say thou not before the messen-
+ger,'' that it was an error: wherefore should
+
+
+and hath not the least in his hand:
+
+14 As he came forth out of his mother's
+womb, naked will he return to go as he came ;
+and not the least Avill he carry off for his toil,
+which he might take away with him.''
+
+15 And also this is a sore evil, that in all
+points as he came, so must he go : and what
+profit hath he that hath toiled for the wind?
+
+16 All his days also had he to eat in dark-
+ness, and hath had much vexation and wrath
+
+God be angry beceaise of thy voice, and de- with his sickness."
+
+stroy the work of thy hands ? ! 17 Behold, what I have truly seen as a
+
+6 For in the multitude" of dreams and good thing, that it is fitting to eat and to
+vanities there are also many words; but drink, and to eujoy the good of all one's toil
+rather fear thou God. il that he taketli under the sun the number of
+
+7 If thou see the oppression of the poor, i the days of his life, which God hath given
+and violence done to justice and righteous- ■' him; for this is his portion.
+
+ness in a province, do not feel astounded at | 18 Also every man to whom God hath
+
+
+the second part a good sense, "for even in his kingdom
+becometh he (unlike other rulers) humble to the wise;"
+hence he is worthy to rule. Philippson, "For out of
+prison can a man come to bo a ruler; so also can one be-
+ciime poor in his kingdom."
+
+' In the English version this is the first verse of chap. v.
+
+' So Rash i. Aniheim, "for they wish not to know,
+in order to do evil." Pliilippson, "then will men not
+uudorstaiid to do evil."
+
+° Rashi, "thy children," on whom unfulfilled vows
+would be punished.
+
+■* Rashi; /'. e. who is sent to demand payment. Others,
+"the angel," he who punishes the sinner by God's uiis-
+Biou.
+
+878
+
+
+' Philippson. Rashi renders, "For despite a multi-
+tude of dreams, vanities, and many words (men may say
+to thee): do thou only fear God."
+
+' Philippson. Rashi's explanation is somewhat para-
+phrastic. Aben Ezra, "a king who tilleth himself the
+field." Philippson ingeniously takes miy, not as a single
+field, but tiie whole country; like 2Nra nty "the fields —
+country of Moilb "
+
+* Arnheim, "striving;" rendered elsewhere, "employ-
+ment;" but we have followed Philippson. It might, per-
+haps, be given with "speculation."
+
+^ Lit. "in his hand "
+
+' Meaning, the constant wrathful anxiety was a disease
+which jiermitted him not the least enjoyment.
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES V. VI. VIT.
+
+
+given riches and property, and iiatli given
+him power to eat thereof, and to take his por-
+tion, and to rejoice in his toil — this is the
+gift of God.
+
+lU Let him then remember, that the dajs
+of his life are not many, that God hath an-
+swered" him with the jo}' of his heart.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 There is an evil which I have seen
+under the sun, and it is great on men ■}
+
+2 (There is many) a man to whom God
+hatli given riches, property, and honour, and
+nothing is wanting for his soul of all that he
+longethfor: yet God empowereth him not to
+eat theieof, but a stranger will consume it.
+This is vanity, and it is an evil disease.
+
+3 If a man were to beget a hundred chil-
+dren, and live many years, so that the days
+of his years were many, and his soul were not
+satisfied witli what is good, and he have not
+had even a burial : then do I say, that an
+untimely birth is better than he.
+
+4 For in vaniiy it came, and in darkness it
+departeth, and with darkness will its name
+be covered.
+
+5 Moreover it never saw the sun, and
+knew nothing: this hath more rest than the
+other.
+
+6 Yea, though he were to live a thousand
+years twice told, and had not seen any good
+— doth not every one go to one place?
+
+7 All the toil of a man is for his mouth ;
+and yet is his desire never filled.
+
+8 For what hath the wise more than the
+fool? what hath the poor, that knoweth to
+walk (properly) before the living?
+
+9 Better is what one seeth with the eyes
+than the wandering'' of the desire. Also this
+is vanity and a torture of the spirit.
+
+10 That which hath been is already called
+by its name, and it is known that'^ he is a
+man : and he is not able to contend with him
+that is mightier than he.
+
+11 For there are many things that increase
+
+
+• Rashi, "God will testify for his joy of heart, that it
+was to do good."
+
+*■ Rashi, "it is frequent among men."
+
+° Philippson, "than to let the desire have free scope;"
+OJplaining, "It is better to be satisfied with the attainable
+than to unbridle the passions and to be at enmity with
+mankind."
+
+* PbilippsoUj "what a man is."
+
+
+vanity: what advantage (cometh thence) fcr
+man ?
+
+12 For who knoweth what is good for
+man in this life, the uumlter of the days of
+his vain life, that he should spend them as a
+shadow? for who can tell a man what will
+be after him under the sun?
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 A good name is better than precious oil,
+and the day of death, better than the day of
+one's birth.
+
+2 It is better to oo to the house of mourn-
+ing than to go to the house of feasting; inas-
+much as that is the end of all men: and let
+the living lay it to his heart.
+
+3 Better is vexation than laughing; for
+through the sadness of the countenance the
+heart is made better.
+
+4 The heart of the wise is in the house of
+mourning; but the heart of fools is in the
+house of joy.
+
+5 It is better to hear the rebuke of the
+wise, than that a man should hear the song
+of fools.
+
+6 For as the crackling of thorns under a
+pot, so is the laughter of the fool. Also this is
+vanity.
+
+7 For (exercising) oppression maketh a
+wise man mad; and bribery corrupteth the
+heart."
+
+8 Better is the end of a thing than the be-
+ginning thereof: better is the patient in spirit
+than the proud in spirit.
+
+9 Be not rash in thy spirit to be angry;
+for anger resteth in the bosom of fools.
+
+10 Thou must not say, How was it that
+the former days were better than these? for
+it is not out of wisdom that tliou askest con-
+cerning this.
+
+11 Wisdom is better than' an inheritance,
+yea, preferable for those that see the sun;"^
+
+12 For under the shadow'' of wisdom (a
+man is equally well as) under the shadow of
+money; but the superior excellency of know-
+
+
+" Rashi, "For contending (with a fool) maketh a wise
+man mad, and causcth the intelligence given (by God) to
+be lost."
+
+' Dj? "compared with," "more," as above ii. 16. Herx-
+heimer, "wisdom is as good as an inheritance." Aru-
+heim, "good with an," &c.
+
+* 1. e. Men who can look on the sun.
+
+"■ Meaning, "under the protcctiou," &.C.
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES VII. VIII.
+
+
+ledge is, that wisdom givetli life to him that
+possesseth it.
+
+13 Consider (then) the work of God; for
+who can make straight what he hath made
+crooked ?
+
+14 On the day of prosperity be happy, but
+
+
+on the day of adversity look on: also this ! perience
+
+
+the woman, whose heart is snares and nets,
+and whose hands are bonds : he that is deemed
+good before God will escape from her; but
+the sinner will be caught by her.
+
+27 Behold, this have I found, saith Kohe-
+leth, (adding) one to the other, to find ex-
+
+
+hath God made in equal measure with the |
+other, to the end that man should not find
+the least to censure" him.
+
+15 All things have I seen in the days of
+my vanity: there is many a righteous man
+that perisheth in his righteousness, and there
+is many a wicked man that liveth long in his
+wickedness. —
+
+16 Be not righteous over much; neither
+show thyself over wise: why wouldst thou
+destroy thyself?
+
+17 Be not wicked over much, and be no
+fool : why wouldst thou die before thy time ?
+
+18 It is good that thou shouldst take hold
+of that, and that also from this thou with-
+draw not thy hand ; for he that feareth God
+will come forth out of them all.*'
+
+19 Wisdom giveth more strength to the
+wise than ten rulers whicli were in the city.
+
+20 For no man is so righteous upon earth,
+that he should do always good, and never
+sin. —
+
+21 Also take no heed unto all the words
+that are spoken : lest tliou hear thy servant
+cursing thee.
+
+22 For oftentimes also doth thy own heart
+know that thou thyself likewise hast cursed
+others. —
+
+23 All this have I proved by wisdom : I
+said, I will be wise; but it was far from me.
+
+24 Far is what formerly was so, and what
+was deep remaineth deep : who can find it out?
+
+25 Then I turned myself about together
+Avith my heart to know, and to search, and to
+seek out wisdom, and experience,'' and to
+know the wickedness of folly, and the foolish-
+ness" of madness.
+
+26 And I find as more bitter than death
+
+
+* Rashi. Philippson, "nothing beyond this."
+
+^ Koholeth recommends avoiding extremes; to obey
+God in all things, — not to be wiser and better than the
+law.
+
+" p^BTl "the account," "calculation," from iBTl "to
+think;" hence the result of all this — the experience in
+life.
+
+' PhiliiJ|isnii. IIiT.xhi'inier, "wickedness, folly, foolish-
+ness, ami madness."
+
+
+regardeth the oath
+
+
+28 What my soul constantly sought, but
+I found it not: one man among a thousand
+did I find; but a woman among all these did
+I not find.
+
+29 Lo, this only did I find, that God hath
+made man upright; but they have sought
+for many (sinful) devices,
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 Who is like the wise? and who knoweth
+(as well) the explanation of a thing? a man's
+wisdom enlighteneth his face, and the bold-
+ness of his face will be lessened.'"
+
+2 I (counsel thee), Keep the king's*^ com-
+mand, and that which
+(to him taken) by God.
+
+3 Be not hasty to go out of his presence ;
+engage not in an evil thing; for whatsoever
+pleaseth him, can he do;
+
+4 Because the word of a king is powerful ;
+and who may say unto him. What doest
+thou?—
+
+5 Whoso keepeth the commandment will
+experience no evil thing: and a wise man's
+heart knoweth both time and the just conse-
+quence.
+
+C Because for every pursuit there is a
+time and a just consequence ; for the evil of
+man (resteth) hea\ily upon him.^
+
+7 For he knoweth not that which will be;
+for who can tell liim how it will be?
+
+8 No man hath control over the spirit to
+detain the spirit; and tliere is no control over
+the day of death; and there is no representa-
+tive*" in that war; and wickedness will not
+deliver those that practise it.
+
+9 All this have I seen, and directed my
+heart unto every work that is done under the
+
+° Aben Ezra explains that the truly wise hi'ars humi
+lity, not arrogance, in his face.
+
+' Rashi refers King to God, the sovereign of all; "and
+because of the oath we took at Horeb" (to God).
+
+* Philipp.soii ; but Rashi, "when the evil of man is
+great upon him;" for then the punishment folhiws.
+
+^ Rashi, who explains, "It will not do to .say, I will
+send my son or servant." Philippson, "there is no
+escape." Aben Ezra, "no weapon availeth."
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES VIIT. TX.
+
+
+sun : there is a time when one man ruleth
+over another to his own injury.
+
+10 Then also did I see the wicked buried,
+wlio had gone to their rest; but those who
+had acted correctl}" had to go away from the
+holy place, and were forgotten in the city.
+Also this is vanity.
+
+11 Because the punishment against evil
+deeds is not executed speedily, therefore is
+the heart of the sons of men filled up in them
+to do evil.
+
+12 But let a sinner do evil a hundred
+times, and (God) withhold long his punish-
+ment from him: still do I truly know for cer-
+tain that it will be well with those that fear
+God, because they are afraid of him;
+
+13 And that it will not be well with the
+svicked, and that he will not endure many days,
+like the shadow ; because he is not afraid of God.
+
+14 There is a vanity which is done upon
+the earth, that there are righteous men, unto
+Avhom it happeneth in accordance with the
+deeds of the wicked: again, there are wicked
+men, to whom it happeneth in accordance
+with the deeds of the righteous. I said that
+this also is vanity.
+
+15 Therefore do I praise jo}iidness, that
+there is nothing better for man under the sun,
+than to eat, and to drink, and to be joyful;
+for this will adhere to him in his toil, during
+the days of his life which God hath given
+him under the sun. —
+
+16 When I applied my heart to know wis-
+dom, and to see the employment that is done
+upon the earth, how even neither by day nor
+by night sleep is seen in the eyes of some men :
+
+17 Then did I see (in) the whole work of
+God, that a man is not able to find out the
+work that is done under the sun; inasmuch
+as tiiou^h a man were to toil to seek for it,
+he would yet not find it ; and even if the
+wise were to think to know it, he would yet
+not be able to find it.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 For all this did I reflect over'' in my
+heart and to explain all this, that the right-
+
+
+eous, and the wise, and their services, are in
+the hand of God: that man knoweth neither
+love nor hatred;" it is all (ordained) before
+them ;
+
+2 Every thing as it is to happen to all;
+there is but one occurrence for the righteous,
+and for the wicked; for the good and for the
+clean, and for the unclean; and for him that
+sacrificeth, and for him that sacrificeth not ;
+as is the good, so is the sinner; he that swear-
+eth, as he that feareth an oath.
+
+3 This is an evil among all things that are
+done under the sun, that there is one occur-
+rence for all, and that also the heart of the
+sons of men is full of evil, and that madness
+is in their heart while they live, and after
+this they go to the dead.
+
+4 For whoever is yet united* wdth all the
+living hath still hope; for a living dog fareth
+better than a dead lion.
+
+5 For the living know that they will die;
+but the dead know not the least; nor have
+they longer any reward;'' for their memory
+is forgotten.
+
+6 Also their love, and their hatred, and
+their envy, are now already lost; and they
+will have never more a portion in all that is
+done under the sun.
+
+7 Go, eat with joy thy bread, and drink
+with a merry heart thy wine, if God have'
+already received thy works in favour.
+
+8 At all times let thy garments be white,
+and let oil not be wanting on thy head.
+
+9 Enjoy life with the wife whom thou
+lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity,
+which God hath given thee under the sun,
+(yea,) all the days of thy vanity; for this is
+tiiy portion in this life, and in thy toil with
+which thou toilest under the sun.
+
+10 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do
+with thy might, that do; for there is no
+work, nor experience, nor knowledge, nor
+wisdom, in the nether world, whither thou
+goest." —
+
+11 I turned about, and saw under the sun,
+that the race is not to the swift, nor the bat-
+tle to the mighty; and that also the wase
+
+
+' Alien Ezra; but Eashi, p with "so," "when they \ ' Kdheleth .speak.s here merely of earthly life, and the
+had thus acted." •■ Heb. "set to my heart." ii reward of this terminates with death. (See next verso.)
+
+° ;■. c. Whether this will result from his labour. — Phi- \ ' That is, if a man have acted to please God, he may
+LiprsoN. I: freely enjoy life. Others, "for God hath," Ac.
+
+
+■" The Ke'ih '\n2' would require this version:
+who is exempt? all the livinsj have hope."
+6L
+
+
+'For
+
+
+^ As man knows not what may come, let him fulfil all
+duties accessible to him, regardless of the future.
+
+881
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES IX. X.
+
+
+.have no bread, nor yet the men of under-
+.stauding riches, nor yet men of knowledge fa-
+vour; but time and fate" will overtake them
+all.
+
+12 For man al!>o knoweth not his time,
+like the fishes that are caught in an evil net,
+and like the birds that are caught in the
+snare : like the.se are the sons of men en-
+snared at an evil time, when it falleth upon
+them suddenly.
+
+13 Also in this manner have I seen wisdom
+under the sun, and it seemed great unto me:
+
+14 There was a little city, and the men
+therein were few; and tliere came against it
+a great king, who enclosed it, and built
+around it great works of siege;
+
+15 But there was found in it a poor wise
+man, and he delivered the city by his wis-
+dom; yet no man had thought of that same
+poor man.
+
+l(j Then said I, Wisdom is better than
+might: although the poor man's wisdom is
+held in contempt, and his words are not
+heard.
+
+17 The words of wise men heard in quiet
+are better than the cry of him that ruleth
+among fools.
+
+18 Wisdom is better than weapons of war;
+but one siiuier causeth much good to be lost.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 Dead flies cause the precious oil of the
+apothecary to become stinking and foaming:
+so doth a little folly him that is valued for
+wisdom and honour.''
+
+2 Tlie heart of a wise man is at his right
+hand; but the heart of a fool is at his left.
+
+3 Yea also, on whatever way the fool
+walketh, doth he lack proper sense," and he
+saith to idl that he is a fool.
+
+4 If the spirit of the ruler rise up against
+thee, leave not thy place; for submissiveness
+cau.seth great offences to lie avoided.**
+
+
+5 There is an evil which I have seen un-
+der the sun, like an error which proceedeth
+from the ruler:
+
+6 Folly is set in great high places, and
+the rich sit in lowness.
+
+7 I have seen servants on horses, and
+princes walking like servants upon the
+ground. —
+
+8 He that diggeth a pit will fall into it;
+and him who breaketli down a fence — a ser-
+pent will bite hiui.
+
+9 Whoso removeth stones will be hurt
+through them; and he that cleaveth wood
+will be endangered'" thereby.
+
+10 If the iron be blunt, and man do not
+whet the (?dge, then must he exert more
+strength; but the advantage of making it
+properly sharp is wisdom.
+
+11 If the serpent do bite because no one
+uttered a charm, then hath the man that can
+use his tongue (in charming) no preference. —
+
+12 The Avords of a wise man's mouth
+(bring) grace; but the lips of a fool will de-
+stroy himself
+
+13 The beginning of the words of his
+mouth is foolishness; and the last that com-
+eth out of his mouth is evil-jjrimiins; madness.
+
+14 The fool also multiplietli words; (but)
+a man cannot know what is to be; and what
+is to be after him, who can tell him?
+
+15 The toil of the foolish will weary every
+one of them, because he knoweth not how to
+go to the city.*^ —
+
+16 Wo to thee, 0 land, when th}' king is
+lowminded,^ and when th}' princes eat in
+the mornino; !''
+
+17 Happy art thou, 0 land, when thy king
+is noble-spirited, and thy princes eat in pro-
+per time, for strengthening, and not for glut-
+tony !' —
+
+18 Through slothful hands^ the rafters will
+sink; and through idleness of the hands the
+house will become leaky.
+
+
+" i'J3 "that which is to happen," or "fate," as it is a
+divine decree, not "chauce."
+
+'' Ahcn Ezra; but Rashi, "so is a little folly weightier
+t ■.n wisdom and power," because it destroys both.
+
+' Lit. "his heart."
+
+'' Lit. "to lie down." Jouathan, "cause to be forgot-
+ten."
+
+' Aben Ezra; but Rashi, "will be made warm there-
+by;" because pD, in the sense of "endanger," is only
+found in the Aramaic, but not in the Hebrew, unless
+here.
+
+
+' i. c. lie goes a roundabout way, and hence becomes
+wearied, while the wise finds out the shortest road in all
+pursuits of life.
+
+^ Lit. "a lad;" here, one who is satisfied with low pur-
+suits.
+
+^ "Eating and drinking in the morning is odious to the
+orientals, who eat little in the morning, and take their
+principal meal toward evening." (See Isa. v. H.) —
+
+PlIILII'PSON.
+
+' Lit "drinking."
+'' .\ljcn Ezra,
+
+
+ECCLESIASTES X. XI. XII.
+
+
+19 For gay pleasure they prepare a feast,
+and wine is to make the Hving joyful ; but
+nioTaey procureth' all things.
+
+20 Even in thy tliought thou nuist not
+f;urse a king; and in thy bed-chambers do
+not curse the rich; for a bird of the air can
+carry the sound, and that which hath wings
+can tell the word.
+
+CHArTER XI.
+
+1 Cast thy bread upon the face of the
+waters;^ for after many days wilt thou
+find it again.
+
+2 Give a portion to seven, and also to
+eight; for thou knowest not what evil may
+come upon the earth. —
+
+o If the clouds be full of rain, the}- will
+empty it out upon the earth; and if the tree
+fall towai'd the south, or toward the north, on
+the place where the tree falleth, there will it
+remain.
+
+4 He that watcheth the wind will not sow;
+and he that gazeth on the clouds will not
+reap.
+
+5 As thou knowest not which is the way
+of the wind, as little as what is enclosed in
+the womb of her that is with child: even so
+thou canst not know the works of God who
+maketh all.
+
+6 In the morning sow thy seed, and in the
+evening let not thy hand rest; for thou know-
+est not which will succeed, whether this or
+that, or whether both of them will be alike
+good.
+
+7 Truly the light is sweet, and it is a plea-
+sant thing for the eyes to see the sun ;
+
+8 For if a man live (even) many years,
+let him rejoice in them all; and let him re-
+
+
+* Lit. "answereth."
+
+' i. e. Do acts of kiudness, though there appears uo ad-
+vantage to thj-self ; be kind also to many — literally, seveii
+and eight, an indefinite number.
+
+" Both Rashi and Aben Ezra interpret this verse in this
+way: "See what the end will be, if thou follow the incli-
+nation of the heart; since punishment will thence result."
+(otherwise it may mean, that man should well take heed
+to regulate his conduct by the divine will, and not follow
+blindly his heart and eyes, (Num. xv. oil;) as otherwise
+he will meet the punishment due to transgression.
+
+■^ The keepers, "the watchmen," are supposed by some
+to signify the hands, — Jonathan, "the ribs;" "the men of
+m'.ght," "the legs;" "the gi-iuders," the "teeth;" "the
+lookers-out," "the eyes;" "the two doors," "the lips;"
+"the mill," "the mouth," — but Eashi, the "stomach:"
+"the daughters of song." c.xjiluins Kashi, "when all the
+
+
+member the days of darkness; for they will
+be man_y ; all that cometh is vanity.
+
+9 Rejoice,'' 0 young man, in thy childhood ;
+and let thy heart cheer thee in the days of
+thy youthl'ul vigour, and walk firmly in the
+ways of thy heart, and in (the direction
+which) thy eyes see; but know thou, that
+concerning all these things God will bring
+thee into judgment.
+
+10 And remove vexation from thy heart,
+and cause evil to pass away from thy body;
+for childhood and the time when the head is
+black are vanity.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 But reniemlx'r also thy Creator in the
+days of thy youthful vigour, while the evil
+days are not yet come, nor those years draw
+nigh of which tliou wilt say. I have no plea-
+sure in them ;
+
+2 While the sun, and the light, and the
+moon, and the stars, are not yet darkened, and
+the clouds return not again after the lain;
+
+3 On the day when the watchmen' of the
+house will tremble, and the men of might
+will bend themselves, and the orinders stand
+idle, because they are become few, and those
+be darkened that look through the windows;
+
+4 And when the two doors on the streets
+will be locked, while the sound of the mill
+becometh dull, and m;in risetli up" at tlie
+voice of the bird, and all the daughters of
+song are brought low ;
+
+5 Also when men will he afraid of every
+elevation, and are terrified on every way, and
+the almond-tree will refuse (its blossom),' and
+the locust will drag itself slowly along, and
+the desire will gainsay compliance; because
+
+
+song of singers appears dull in his ears," — Philippson,
+" the several notes become unintelligible."
+
+' Philippson, "and the voice of man rise to shrillness,
+like the voice of a bird."
+
+' Aben Ezra. Rashi, "will blossom," which he ex-
+plains, "that old age will suddenly overtake him, as the
+almond-tree blos.someth before other trees." Others, as ex-
+pressing the whiteness of the head, like the almond-tree
+when covered with blossoms. Philippson takes it as an
+image of wakefulness, which is man's in the vigoiu- of
+life, as also the general activity' which characterizes the
+young man, which ceases when he gets old. "The lo-
+cust" is emblematic of the case and readiness with which
+the strong man labours; whereas in age this activity be-
+comes less and less, as though the locust, otherwise .so
+nimble, had to drag its light weight as a burden. Rocl.ui
+renders, "when the locust even becometh burdensome."
+
+b83
+
+
+ESTHER I.
+and the
+
+
+man goelh to his eternal home,
+mourners go about the streets;
+
+6 While the silver cord" is not yet torn
+loose, and the golden bowl is not crushed,
+and the pitcher is not broken at the fountain,
+and the wheel is not crushed at the cistern ;
+
+7 When the dust will return to the earth
+as it was, and the spirit will return unto
+God who gave it. —
+
+8 Vanity of vanities, saith Koheleth: all
+is vanity. —
+
+9 And in addition to this that Koheleth
+was wse, he continually also taught the peo-
+ple knowledge, and he probed, and searched
+out, and composed many proverbs.
+
+10 Koheleth sought to find out accept-
+able words, and that which would be written
+down uprightl}', even words of truth.
+
+
+11 The words of the wise are like goads, , of) man.]
+
+
+and like luvils fastened (are the words of) tiit;
+men of the assemblies,'' which are given by
+one shepherd.
+
+12 But more than all these, my son, take
+warning for thyself:" the making of many
+books would have no end ; and much preach-
+ing is a weariness of the flesh.
+
+13 The end of the matter is, let us hear
+tlie whole:'* Fear God, and keep his com-
+mandments; for this is the whole (duty of)
+man.
+
+14 For every deed will God bring into
+the judgment concerning every thing that
+
+I hath been hidden, whetiier it be good, or
+
+i whether it be bad.
+
+[13 The end of the matter is, let us
+hear the whole : Fear God, and keep his
+commandments; for this is the whole (duty
+
+
+THE BOOK OF ESTHER,
+
+
+inDN* rhiD.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass in the days of
+Achashverosh, of the same Achashverosh
+who reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia,
+over a hundred and seven and twenty j^ro-
+vinces,
+
+2 In those days, when this king Achash-
+verosh was sitting on the throne of his
+kingdom, which was in Shushan the capi-
+tal,''
+
+3 That, in the third year of his reign, he
+
+' This is, as Philippson well observes, a description of
+the body in general, not necessarily, as some suppose, the
+spinal marrow, &c.
+
+'' /. '■■ The assemblies of the learned. (See Prov. xxv. 1.)
+
+' Rashi; meaning, a man should be more on his guard
+t'ii'.Ji even is recommended directly in the words of the
+wise; for all cannot be written, and too much s/iu/^ (as
+he renders jn'?) would give more weariness than man
+"eultJ hear; but at the end it is requisite a man should
+obey God in all, (yrsV/} as "to be obeyed,") and observe
+the aommaiiduients. Aben Ezra, "take care not to make
+ir ^I'lichase many books."
+
+* Moaning, "Let us sum up all and hear what it is."
+S84
+
+
+made a feast unto all his princes and his ser-
+vants, the army of Persia^ and Media, the
+nobles and the princes of the provinces who
+were near him :
+
+4 When lie showed the riches and the
+glory of his kingdom, and the brilliance (and)
+the splendour of his greatness, during many
+days, a hundred and eighty days.
+
+5 And when these days were completed,
+the king made unto all the people that were
+found in Shushan the capital, unto every one,
+from the great even to the small, a feast of
+
+Others, "All is understood (to be): Fear God," &c. I
+would merely remark, that though the sense of this chap-
+ter is nowi.se diiScuIt to ascertain, the particular phrases
+are full of difficulties. The whole book is a calm view of
+life; and Koheleth admonishes, that as all is so un.satisfac-
+tory, no pursuit certain of success, and as man is account-
+able, it becomes his duty to obey God unhesitatingly, for
+herein lies all our hope of happiness; "tiiis is the wlmle
+man," since the greatest success and the hmgest life will
+not exempt us from punishment.
+
+" Lit. "the palace" or "temple;" here, the city where
+the winter residence of the Persian kings was.
+
+' Ileb. "Parass and Wadai.
+
+
+ESTHER I, If.
+
+
+seven days, in the court of tlie garden of the
+king's pahice;
+
+G (Where were) white," green, and blue
+(hangings), fastened with cords of fine linen
+and })urple, on rollers of silver and jjillars of
+marble; couches of gold and silver, upon a
+pavement of green, and white, and yellow,
+and black marble.
+
+7 And they gave them to drink in vessels
+of gold, — the vessels being diverse one from
+the other, — and the royal wine was in abun-
+dance, according to the ability'' of the
+king.
+
+8 And the drinking was, according to the
+(king's) order, without compulsion ; for so had
+the king enjoined on all the officers of his
+house, to do according to the pleasure of
+every man.
+
+9 ]| Also Vashti the queen made a feast |
+for the women, in the royal house which be-
+longed to king Achashverosh. ]
+
+10 On the seventh day. when the heart of
+the king was merry with wine, he ct)mmanded
+Mehuman, Biztha, Charbona, Bigtha, and 1
+Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcass, the seven
+chamberlains that served in the presence of
+king Achashverosh,
+
+11 To bring Vashti the queen before the
+king (ornamented) with the royal crown, to
+show the people and the princes her beauty;
+for she was handsome in appearance.
+
+12 But queen Vashti refused to come at
+the word of the king brought by the hand
+of the chamberlains; and the king was veiy
+wroth, and his fury burnt in him.
+
+13 ^ Then said the king to the wise men,
+who knew (the occurrences of) the times; for
+so (came) every affair of the king before all
+acquainted with law and state institutions;
+
+14 And tliose next unto him were Car-
+shena, Shethar, Admatha, Tharshish, Meress,
+Marsena, and Memuchan, the seven princes
+of Persia and Media, who could see (at all
+times) the king's face, who sat in the first
+rank in the kingdom :
+
+15 What should according to law be done
+with queen Vashti; because she had not
+
+° Philippson, "Hangings of white linen, cotton, and
+blue woollen stuflFs were suspended with cords of byssus
+;ind puiplo on silver rings and marble columns; divans I
+of gold and silver brocade, on a pavement of alabaster '
+and marble and bright stone and black marble." Others,
+"mother of pearl and tortoise shell."
+
+
+fulfilled the oi-der of king Achashverosh by
+
+the hand of the chamberlains?
+I 16 ^ Then said Menuichan before the king
+
+and the princes. Not against the king alone
+
+hath Vashti the (jueen done wrong, but also
+' against all the princes, and against all the
+
+people that are in all the provinces of king
+
+Achashverosh.
+
+17 For the conduct of the queen will go
+abroad unto all the women, so that they will
+despise their husbands in their eyes, when it
+shall be reported,'' King Achashverosh ordered
+Vashti the queen to be brought into his pre-
+sence, but she came not.
+
+18 And even this day will the ladies of
+Persia and Media, who have heard of the
+conduct of the queen, say this unto all the
+princes of the king; and there will arise too
+much contempt and quarrel.''
+
+19 If it please the king, let there go forth
+a royal order from him, and let it be written
+among the laws of the Persians and the
+Medes, that no one transgress it,^ That
+Vashti come no more before king Achash-
+verosh: and let the king give her royal
+dignity unto another that is better than
+she.
+
+20 And when the king's decree which he
+will make shall be published throughout all
+his kingdom, however great it is: all the wives
+will show respect to their husbands, unto
+every one, from the great even to the small.
+
+21 And the speech was pleasing in the
+eyes of the king and of the princes ; and the
+king did according to the speech of Memu-
+chan.
+
+22 And he sent letters unto all the pro-
+vinces of the king, unto every province ac-
+cording to its writing, and to eveiy people
+according to its language, that every man
+should bear rule in his own house, however'
+he may speak according to the language of
+his peai)le.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 Tl After these events, when the fur^ of
+king Achashverosh was appeased, Ii« louieiii
+
+^ Philippson, "manner;" (and so in ii. 18.)
+° Others, "because they will say."
+'■ Lit. "wrath;" here, what excites it, doin>;:ldo <{U9r-
+rels.
+
+' Abeu Ezra, "that it be not abolished."
+' Rashi, "and make her speak in the language,' &c.
+
+88i
+
+
+ESTHER II.
+
+
+bered Vashti, and what .she had done, and
+what had been decreed concerning her.
+
+2 Then said the king's young men, his
+servants, Let there be sought for the king
+virgins handsome in appearance;
+
+3 And let the king appoint officers in all
+the provinces of his kingdom, that they may
+gather together all the young virgins, hand-
+some in appearance, unto Shushan the capital,
+into the house of the women, under the cus-
+tody of Ilege the king's chamberlain," the
+keeper of the women; and let them give
+them their customary anointings;
+
+4 And let the maiden who may be pleas-
+ing in the eyes of the king become queen in-
+stead of Vashti: and the speech was pleasing
+in the eyes of the king, and he did so.
+
+5 ^ There was a certain Jew in Shushan
+the capital, whose name was Mordecai, the
+son of Ya'ir, the son of Shim'i, the son of
+Kish, a Benjamite;
+
+G Who had been carried away into exile
+from Jerusalem with the exiles who had
+been exiled with Jeconyah, the king of Judah,
+whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon
+had carried into exile.
+
+7 And he had brought up Hadassah, that
+is Esther, the daught^er of his uncle; for she
+had neither father nor mother, and the
+maiden was beautiful in form and handsome
+in appearance; and when her father and
+mother were dead, Mordecai had taken her
+to himself as a daughter.
+
+8 And it came to pass, when the king's
+order and his decree were heard, and when
+many maidens were brought together unto
+Shushan the capital, under tlie custody of
+Ilegai, that Esther also was l^rought unto
+the king's house, under the custody of Hegai,
+the keeper of the women.
+
+9 And the maiden was pleasing in. his
+eyes, and she obtained favour Ijefore him ;
+ai;(l he made haste to give her her anoint-
+ings, with her presents, and the seven maid-
+ens, who were selected to be given her, out
+of the king's house: and he preferred her
+and her maidens with the best things in the
+house ol' the women.
+
+10 P^sther told nothing of her people or
+of her descent ; for Mordecai had c arged her
+that she should not tell.
+
+
+680
+
+
+More properly, "eunuch."
+
+
+11 And day by day did Mordecai walk be-
+fore the court of the house of women, to as-
+certain the well-being of Esther, and what
+would be done with her.
+
+12 And when the turn of every maiden
+was come to go in unto king Achashve-
+rosh, at the expiration (of the time) that she
+had been treated according to the custom of
+the women, twelve months; for so were the
+days of their anointings accomplished, six
+months with the oil of myrrh, and six months
+with sweet odours, and with other ointments
+of the women ;
+
+13 And thus came the maiden unto the
+king; (and) whatsoever she asked for was
+given her to go with her out of the house
+of the women as far as the house of the
+king.
+
+14 In the evening she went, and in the
+morning she returned unto the second house
+of the women, to the custody of Sha'ashgas,
+the king's chamberlain, the keeper of the
+concubines: she used not to come again unto
+the king, except the king desired for her, and
+she was called by name.
+
+15 And when the turn of Esther, the
+daughter of Abichayil, the uncle of Mordecai,
+who had taken her to himself as a daughter,
+was come to go in unto the king, she required
+nothing but what Hegai the king's chamber-
+lain, the keeper of the women, said: and
+Esther obtained grace in the eyes of all those
+that beheld her.
+
+[ 16 And Esther was taken unto king Ach-
+ashverosh, unto his royal house, in the tenth
+month, which is the month Tebeth, in the
+seventh year of his reign.
+
+17 And the king loved Esther above all
+the women, and she obtained grace and i'avour
+before him more than all the virgins ; and he
+l)laced the royal crown upon her head, and
+made her queen instead of Vashti.
+
+18 And the king made a great feast unto
+all his princes and his servants, the feast of
+Esther; and he made a release of taxfs to
+the provinces, and gave presents, according
+to the ability of the king.
+
+I'J And when virgins were gathei'ed tosje-
+ther the second time, then was Mordecai sit-
+ting in the king's gate.
+
+20 (But) Esther had not yet told of her
+descent nor her people; as Mordecai liad
+cliarged her; and Esther did (fulfil) the order
+
+
+ESTHER TI. III.
+
+
+of Mnnlcoai, equally as when she was under
+his guardianship.
+
+21 T[ In those da3's, wliile Mordecai was sit-
+tino- in the kins-'s gate, Biuthan and Theresh,
+two chamberlains of the king, of those who
+kept the door, became wroth, and sought to
+lay (their) hand on king Aclia-shverosh.
+
+22 And the thing became known to Mor-
+decai, and he told it unto Esther the queen;
+and Esther said it to the king in tlie name
+of Mordecai.
+
+23 And the thing was inquired into and
+found true; and they were both of them
+hanged on a gallows ;" and it was written in
+the book of chronicles before the king.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 \ After these events did king Achashve-
+rosh make great Haman the son of Hamme-
+datha the Agagite, and he advanced him;
+and he placed his seat above that of all the
+princes that were with him.
+
+2 And all the king's servants, that were in
+the king's gate, bent the knee and prostrated
+themselves to Haman; for so had the king
+commanded concerning him; but Mordecai
+bent not the knee nor prostrated himself
+
+3 Then said the king's servants, who were
+in the king's gate, unto Mordecai. Why traiis-
+gressest thou the king's command?
+
+4 Now it came to pass, when they spoke
+unto him day by day, and he hearkened not
+unto them, that they told it to Haman, to see
+whether the woi'ds of Mordecai would be able
+to stand; for he had told them tliat he was a
+Jew.
+
+5 And when Haman saw that Mordecai
+bent not the knee, nor prostrated himself to
+him, Haman became full of fury.
+
+G But it appeared too contemptible in his
+eyes to lay his hand on Mordecai alone; for
+they had told him of the people of Mordecai:
+therefore Haman sought to destroy all the
+Jews that were throughout all the kingdom
+of Achashverosh, the people of Mordecai.
+
+7 In the first month, that is the month
+Nissan, in the twelfth year of king Achash-
+verosh, some one cast the Pur,'' that is, the
+
+
+* Lit. "tree," or "wood." Arnheim, "pole."
+' According to heathen customs, he resorted to this
+method, as a species of divination, to discover the month
+and da}' when it would be most propitious to attempt the
+destruction of the hated people.
+
+
+lot, before Ilaman from day to day. and from
+month (to month), to the twelfth month,
+which is the month Adar.
+
+8 \ Then .said Haman unto king AchaAiive-
+rosh. There is one people scattered yet .sepa-
+rate'' among the nations in all the provinces
+of thy kingdom ; and their laws are diiferent
+from those of evei\\' people; while they do
+not execute the laws of the king; and it is
+no profit for the king to tolerate them."*
+
+9 If it be pleasing to the king, let (a de-
+cree) be written to destroy them; and ten
+thousand talents of silver will I weigh* out
+into the hands of those that have the charge
+of the busine.><s, to bring (the same) into the
+king's treasurie.s.
+
+10 And the king drew his signet-ring from
+off his hand, and gave it unto Haman the
+son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the adver-
+sary- of the Jews.
+
+11 And the king said unto Haman, The
+silver is given to thee, that people also, to do
+therewith as it seemeth good in thy eyes.
+
+12 Then were called the king's scribes in
+the first month on the thirteenth day there-
+of, and there was written all just as Haman
+had commanded unto the king's lieutenant>,
+and to the governors that were over every
+province, and to the princes of every people,
+to every province according to its writing,
+and to every people according to it.s language:
+in the name of king Achashverosh was it
+written, and it was sealed with the king's
+signet-ring.
+
+13 And the letters were sent by the tww-
+ners unto all the king's provinces, to destroy,
+to kill, and to exterminate all the Jews, from
+young to old, little ones and women, on one
+day, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth
+month, which is the month Adar, and to
+plunder their property as spoil.
+
+14 A copy of the writing, to be giv4-n out
+as a law in every province, was published
+unto all the nations, that they might be ready
+against that day.
+
+15 The runners went out with all speed
+wdth the king's decree, and the law \va.-; gi\en
+out in Shushan the capital: and the king and
+
+
+° Philippson. Others, "and dispersed."
+
+■^ Philippson, "to leave them at rest."
+
+" This term is equivalent to "paying;" but as large
+sums are generally transferred by weight, it is preferred
+to the more minute expression of "counting out."
+
+887
+
+
+ESTHER III. IV. V.
+
+
+Haman sat down to drink; but the city of
+Shushan was perplexed.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ When Mordecai ascertained all that
+had been done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and
+j)ut on sackcloth (strewed) with ashes, and
+went out into the midst of the city, and cried
+with a loud and a bitter cry ;
+
+2 And thus he came up to the front of the
+king's gate; for none dared to enter into the
+kino-'s oate clothed with sackcloth.
+
+3 And in each and every province, m
+every place whither the king's decree and his
+law had reached, there was great mourning
+for the Jews, with fasting, and weeping, and
+wailing; and a sackcloth (strewed) with
+ashes Ijecame the bed of the great."
+
+4 Then came the maidens of Esther with
+her chamberlains and told it her; and the
+queen was exceedingly terrified ; and she sent
+garments to clothe Mordecai, and to remove
+his sackcloth from him; but he accepted
+them not.
+
+5 Then called Esther for Hatach, one of
+the king's chamberlains, whom he had ap-
+pointed to attend upon her,'' and gave him a
+charge for Mordecai to know what this was,
+and why this was.
+
+6 So Hatach went forth to Mordecai unto
+the street of the city, which was before the
+king's gate.
+
+7 And Mordecai told him all that had hap-
+pened unto him, and of the fixed sum of
+money which Haman had promised to weigh
+out into the treasuries of the king for the
+Tews, to desti'oy them.
+
+8 Also the copy of the writing of the law
+that had been given out in Shushan to
+destroy them he gave to him, to show it
+unto Esther, and to tell her (all), and to
+charge her that she should go in unto the
+king, to make supplication unto him, and to
+present a request before him for her people.
+
+9 And Hatach came and told Esther the
+words of Mordecai.
+
+10 And Estlier said unto Hatach, and gave
+liim a charge unto Mordecai,
+
+11 All the king's servants, and the people
+
+* Arnheim. Others, "mauy put on," or "laid them-
+selves ia sackcloth with ashes."
+
+'' Lit. "whom he had cau.sed to .stand before her."
+"Arnheim renders, "For I am lost in either case,"
+HHH
+
+
+of the king's provinces, do know, that every
+one, whether man or woman, who should
+come unto the king into the inner court, who
+is not called, there is but one law for him., to
+put him to death, except the one to whom
+the king .should hold out the golden sceptre,
+for he will be suffered to live; but I have not
+been called to come in unto the king these
+thirty days.
+
+12 And they told Mordecai the words of
+Esther.
+
+13 Then said Mordecai to bring this an-
+swer back to Esther, Imagine not in thy soul
+to be able to escape in the king's house out
+of all the Jews.
+
+14 For if thou do indeed maintain silence
+at this time, enlargement and deliverance
+will arise to the Jews from another place;
+but thou and thy father's house will perish :
+and who knoweth whether thou hast not for
+a time like this attained to the royal dignity ?
+
+15 Then said Esther to bring this answer
+l)ack to Mordecai,
+
+16 Go, as.semble together all the Jews who
+are now present in Shushan, and fast ye for
+me, so that ye neither eat nor drink three
+days, either night or day ; also I myself with
+my maidens will fast in like manner; and
+then will I go in unto the king, which is not
+according to the law ; and if I then perish, I
+perish."
+
+17 And Mordecai went about, and did in
+accordance with all that Esther had charged
+him.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 And it came to pass on the third day,
+that Esther put on her royal apparel, and
+placed herself in the inner court of the king's
+house, opposite the king's apartment;'^ and
+the king was sitting upon his royal throne
+in the royal apartment, opposite to the en-
+trance of the house.
+
+2 And it happened, when the king saw
+Esther the queen standing in the court, that
+she obtained grace in his eyes; and the king
+held out to Esther the golden sceptre that
+was in his hand; and Esther drew near, and
+touched the top of the sceptre.
+
+and explains: "For if I pretermit the death-bringing ap-
+proach of the king, and the destruction overtakes my
+people, then will I also not live."
+■* ,\rnhcim. Lit. "house."
+
+
+ESTHER V. Vi.
+
+
+B Tlien said the kiiijj;' unto hev, What wilt
+thou, queen Esther? and what is thy request?
+if it be equal to half" of the kingdom it shall
+still be given thee.
+
+4 And Esther said. If it seem good unto
+the king, let the king and Haman come this
+day unto the b.anquet which I have prepared
+lor him.
+
+5 Then said the king, Bring Haman quick-
+ly hither to fulfil the word of Esther: so
+came the king with Haman to the banquet
+Avhich Esther had jDrepared.
+
+6 And the king said unto Esther at the
+banquet of wine. What is thy petition? and
+it shall be granted thee: and what is thy re-
+quest? even if it be equal to half of the king-
+dom, it shall still be done.
+
+7 Then answered Esther, and said. My
+petition and my request are,
+
+8 If I have found grace in the eyes of the
+king, and if it please the king to grant my
+petition, and to fulfill my refjuest, that the
+king may come with Haman to the ):)anquet
+which I will prei^are for them, and to-morrow
+will I do according to the word of the king.
+
+9 And Haman went forth on that day joy-
+ful and with a glad heart; but when Haman
+saw Mordecai in the king's gate, who did not
+rise up, nor move out of the way for him,
+then was Haman filled against Mordecai
+with fury.
+
+10 Nevertheless Haman refrained liim-
+self, and went to his house: he then sent and
+had his friends brought in with Zeresh his
+wife.
+
+11 And Haman recounted to them the
+glory of his riches, and the multitude of his
+children, and all the things wherein the king
+had made him great, and how he had ad-
+vanced him above the princes and the ser-
+vants of the king.
+
+12 And Haman said (farther), Yea, Esther
+the queen did not let any one come in with
+the king unto the banquet that she had pre-
+pared but myself: and also for to-morrow am
+I invited nnto her with the king.
+
+13 Yet all this profiteth me nothing, every''
+
+" An assurance and eneourao;ement for hor to ask, since
+s'lie could scarcely think of demanding a favour which '
+could at all equal the extent ofiFercd her by the king.
+The more admirable is the prudence of Esther, who said
+that only on the morrow would she make use of the gra-
+cious permission.
+
+0 M
+
+
+time that T see Mordecai the Jew sittin,T in
+the king's gate.
+
+14 Then said unto him Zeresh his wife
+with all his friends. Let them make a gallows
+of lifty cubits high, and in the morning speak
+unto the king that they may hang Mordecai
+thereon; and then go thou in with the king
+unto the banquet joyfully. And the thing
+pleased Haman; and he had the gallows
+made.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 1| In that night sleep lied from the king,
+and he ordered to bring in the book of the
+memorable events of the chronicles; and they
+were read before the king.
+
+2 And it was found written, that Mordecai
+had told of Bigthana and Theresh, two cham-
+berlains of the king, of thase who kept the
+door, who had souglit to lay (their) hand on
+king Achashverosh.
+
+3 And the king said. What honour and
+distinction have been done to Mordecai for
+this? Then said the king's young men, his ser-
+vants, Tliere hath nothing been done with
+him.
+
+4 And the king said, W\\o is in the court?
+Now Haman was come into the outer court
+of the king's house, to say unto the king to
+hang Mordecai on the gallows which he had
+prepared for him.
+
+•5 And the king's young men said unto him.
+Behold, Haman is standing in the court. And
+the king said. Let him come in.
+
+6 So Haman came in; and the king said
+unto him, What shall be done with the man
+whom the king desireth to honour? And
+Haman said in liis heart, To whom would
+the king desire to do lionour more than to
+myself?
+
+7 Haman therefore said to the king, (For)
+the man whom the king desireth to honour,
+
+8 Let them bring a royal apparel which
+the king hath worn,'' and a horse on which
+the king hath ridden, and let there be placed
+a royal crown on his head.
+
+9 And let the apparel and the horse be
+
+
+'' Arnheim. Others, "so long as I see."
+° Arnheim, after Jonathan, renders this: "The apnarcl
+which the king wore, and the horse on which he rode
+when the royal crown was placed on his head." Aben
+Ezra thinks that the crown was to be put on the horse's
+head.
+
+
+ESTHER VI. VIT. VIII.
+
+
+given into the hand of one of the king's
+princes, of the most noble, that thej may
+array the man whom the king desireth to
+honour, and let them cause him to ride on
+the horse through the streets of the city, and
+proclaim before him. Thus shall be done to
+the man whom the king desireth to honour.
+
+10 Then said the king to Haman, Make
+haste, take the apparel and the horse, as thou
+hast spoken, and do thus to Mordecai the
+Jew, tiiat sitteth at the king's gate: leave
+out nothing of all that thou hast spoken.
+
+11 And Haman then took the apparel and
+the horse, and arrayed Mordecai, and caused
+him to ride through the streets of the city,
+and proclaimed ])etbre him. Thus shall be
+done unto the man whom tlie king desireth
+to honour.
+
+12 And Mordecai thereupon returned to
+the king's gate; but Haman hastened to his
+house, mourning, and having his head covered.
+
+13 And Haman related to Zeresh his wife
+i'.nd to all his friends all that had befallen
+him : then said unto him his wise men and
+Zeresh his wife, If Mordecai, before whom
+thou hast begun to fall, be of the seed of the
+Jews, thou wilt not prevail against liim. but
+thou wilt surely fall before him.
+
+14 They were yet speaking with him.
+when the king's chamberlains arrived, and
+they hastened to bring Haman unto the ban-
+quet which Esther had prepared.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 And the king came with Haman to drink
+with Esther the queen.
+
+2 And the king said unto Esther also on
+the second day at the banquet of wine. What
+is thy petition, queen Esther? and it shall be
+granted thee: and what is thy request? even
+if it be equal to half the kingdom, it shall
+still be done.
+
+3 Then answered Esther the queen and
+said, If I have found grace in thy eyes, 0
+king! a,nd if it be pleasing unto the king, let
+my life be given me at my petition, and my
+j)eople at my request;
+
+4 For we have been sold, I and my people,
+to be destroyed, to be slain and to be exter-
+minated; and if we had been only sold for
+bondmen and bondwomen, I would have re-
+
+
+llashi. Pliilipp.son, " maketli no compensation for," &c.
+S90
+
+
+mained silent; for the adversary regardeth
+not the damage of the king.
+
+5 ][ Then spoke king Achashverosh and
+said unto Esther the queen, Who is this, and
+where is he, whose heai-t hath emboldened
+him to do so?
+
+6 And Esther said, An adversary, and ini-
+mical man, this wicked Haman. Then became
+Haman terrified before the king and the
+queen.
+
+7 And the king arose hi his fury from the
+banquet of wine, and went into the palace-
+garden: and Haman remained* behind to
+make request for his life of Esther the queen;
+for he saw that there was evil fully deter-
+mined against him by the king.
+
+8 And when the king returned out of the
+palace-garden into the apartment of the ban-
+quet of wine, Haman was fallen upon the
+couch whereon Esther was: then said the
+king. Will he even do violence to the queen
+before me in the house? The word had just
+come out of the king's mouth, when they
+covered Haman's face.
+
+9 Then said Charbonah, one of the cham-
+berlains, before the king, Behold, there is also
+the gallows, which Haman hath had made
+for Mordecai, who hath spoken well for the
+king, standing in the house of Haman, fifty
+culjits high. And the king said. Hang him
+thereon.
+
+10 So they hanged Haman on the gallows
+which he had prepared for Mordecai, and the
+fury of the king was appeased.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 Tl On that day did king Achashverosh
+give the house of Haman the adversary of
+the Jews unto Esther the queen: and Mor-
+decai came before the king; for Esther had
+told what he was unto her.
+
+2 And the king took ofi' his signet^ring
+which he had taken away from Haman, and
+gave it unto Mordecai: and J]sther appointed
+Mordecai over the house of Haman.
+
+3 Tf And Esther spoke again before the
+king, and i'ell down at his feet, and wept, and
+besought liim to do away the evil of Haman
+the Agagite, and his device which he had de-
+vised against the Jews.
+
+4 And the king held out toward Esther
+
+
+^ Others, " stood up."
+
+
+ESTHER VITI. [X.
+
+
+signet-rill
+
+
+the golden sceptre; and Esthei' arose, and
+stood up before the king;
+
+5 And she said, If it be pleasing to the
+king, and if I have found grace before him,
+and the thing seem proper before the king,
+and T be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written
+to recall the letters, the device of Ilaman the
+son of Haminedatha the Agagite, which he
+hath written to exterminate the Jews who
+are in all the provinces of the king.
+
+6 For how could I endure to look on the
+evil that is to befall my people? and how
+could I endure to look on the extermination
+of my kindred?
+
+7 ^ Then said king Achashverosh unto
+Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew,
+Behold, the house of Hamau have I given to
+Esther, and him have they hanged on the
+gallows, because he had stretched out his
+hand against the Jews.
+
+8 But ye" write yourselves concerning the
+Jews, as it may be good in your eyes, in the
+king's name, and seal it with the kinii's sis-
+net-ring; for a writing which is written in
+the kiiiu's name, and sealed with the kint-'s
+
+a
+
+:, cannot be recalled.
+
+9 Then were called the king's scribes at
+that time in the third month, tliat is, tlie
+month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day
+thereof; and it was written all just as Mor-
+decai commanded to the Jews, and to the
+lieutenants, and the governors and the princes
+of the provinces who were from India unto
+Ethiopia, one hundred and twenty-seven pro-
+vinces, unto every province according to its
+writing, and unto every people according to
+its language, and to the Jews according to
+their writing, and according to their language.
+
+10 And he wrote in the name of king
+Achashverosh, and sealed it with the king's
+signet-ring, and he sent letters through means
+of the swift'' messengers on horseback, and
+riders on mules, camels, and young dromeda-
+ries :"
+
+11 That the king had granted to the Jews
+who were in every city to gather themselves
+
+
+' In the commentary to the book of Esther, by Aaron
+Ilalle Wolfsohn, this is thus explained: "All that is in
+my power to do I have done; Haman has been punished,
+and I have thus shown my abhorrence of the crime which
+he meditated. But as the laws of Persia cannot be re-
+pealed, yon shall be authorized by a decree equal to the
+former to protect yourselves against the malignity of your
+
+
+together, and to stand forward for tiieir life,
+to destroy, to slay, and to exterminate all tlie
+military strength of the people and province
+that would assault them, both little ones and
+women, and to plunder their property as
+spoil,
+
+12 On one day in all the provinces of king
+Achashverosh, on the thirteenth day of the
+tweltth month, which is the month Adar.
+
+13 A copy of the writing to be given out
+as a law in every province, was puljlished
+unto all nations, and that the Jews should be
+read)- against that day to avenge themselves
+on their enemies.
+
+1 i The swift messengers that rode upon
+mules and camels went out, being hastened
+and hurried forward with the command of
+the king: and the law was given out at Shu-
+sh an tlie capital.
+
+15 ^ And Mordecai went out from the
+presence of the king in a royal apparel of
+blue and white, and with a great crown of
+gold, and with a cloak of fine linen and pur-
+ple: and the city of Shushan was glad and
+joyful.
+
+16 For the Jews there was light, with joy
+and gladness, and honour.
+
+17 And in every province, and in every
+city, whithersoever the king's command
+reached with his law, there were joy and
+gladness for the Jews, entertainments and
+a feast-day: and many of the people of the
+land became Jews ; for the dread of the Jews
+had fallen upon them.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 And in the twelfth month, that is, the
+month Adar, on the thirteenth day there-
+of, when the king's command with his law
+drew near to be put in execution, on the day
+that the enemies of the Jews had hoped to
+have j^ower over tliem, which had been
+changed nevertheless, so that the Jews had
+power over those that hated them,
+
+2 The Jews assembled together in their
+cities, throughout all the provinces of king
+
+
+adversaries, by putting to death every one from whom
+you may apprehend any danger." This view will alsr
+account for the destruction of their enemies by the Jews,
+while they touched none of their property.
+
+'' Lit. "runners."
+
+" Arnbeim, "riders on dromedaries, (or swift horses,)
+mules, the children of mares."
+
+891
+
+
+ESTHER IX.
+
+
+Acliashveroph, to stretch out their hand
+against those that had sought their injury :
+and no man could keep standing before them;
+for the dread of them had fallen upon all the
+nations.
+
+3 And all the rulers of the provinces, and
+the lieutenants, and the governors, and the
+superintendents of the affairs of the king,
+elevated the Jews; because the dread of Mor-
+decai had fallen upon them.
+
+4 For Mordecai was great in the king's
+house, and his fame went throughout all the
+provinces; for the man Mordecai became
+greater and greater.
+
+5 And the Jews smote all their enemies'
+with the stroke of the sword, and slaughter,
+and extermination; and they acted with those
+that hated them according to their pleasure.
+
+6 And in Shushan the capital the Jews
+slew and exterminated five hundred men.
+
+7 And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and
+Aspatha,
+
+8 And Poratha, and Adalya, and Aridatha,
+
+9 And Parmashtha, and Arissai, and Ari-
+dai, and Vayzatha,
+
+10 Tlie ten sons of Haman the son of
+Hammedatha, the adversary of the Jews, did
+they slay; but to the spoil did they not
+stretch forth their hand.
+
+11 On that same day came the number of
+those that were slain in Shushan the capital
+before the king. i
+
+12 Then said the king unto Esther the!
+queen, In Shushan the capital have the Jews
+slain and exterminated five hundred men, and
+the ten sorts of Haman : what have they done
+in the rest of the king's provinces? Now what
+is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee:
+and what is thy request farther? and it shall
+be done.
+
+13 Then said Esther, If it please the king,
+let it to-morrow also be gi-anted to the Jews
+who are in Shushan to do according to the
+law of this day, and let the ten sons of Ha-
+man be hanged on the gallows.
+
+° It must not be supposed that this was indiscriminate
+slaughter of" all against whom the Jews had conceived ha-
+tred, but it only says that those perished who had actually
+been prepared to exterminate the Jew.s. See alsoiii 1 l,:iiid
+compare with ix. 16, where it says, "and stood forward tor
+their life." Phili[)pson correctly remarks, that though the
+number of the slaughtered enemies only is given, it is high-
+ly probable that many Jews also perished in this internal
+Warfare which thus occurred in the Persian kingdom.
+892
+
+
+14 And the king ordered that it should be
+done so; and the law was given out at Shu-
+shan; and the ten sons of Haman were
+hanged.
+
+15 And the Jews tliatwere in Shushan as-
+sembled together also on the fourteenth day
+
+Of the month Adar, and slew at Shushan
+three hundred men; but to the spoil they did
+not stretch forth their hand.
+
+16 And the remaining Jews that were in
+the king's provinces assembled together, and
+stood forward for their life, and procured rest
+from their enemies, and slew of those that
+hated them seventy and five thousand; but
+to the spoil did they not stretch forth their
+hand,
+
+17 On the thirteenth day of the month
+Adar, and they rested on the fourteenth day
+thereof, and made it a day of entertainment
+and joy.
+
+18 But the Jews tliatwere at Shushan as-
+sembled together on the thirteenth day there-
+
+j of, and on the fourteenth thereof, and rested
+on the fifteenth thereof, and made it a day
+of entertainment tind joy.
+
+19 Therefore do the Jews of the villages,
+that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the
+fourteenth day of the month Adar as one of
+joy and entertainment, and a feast-day, and
+of sending portions" one to another.
+
+20 And Mordecai wrote down these events ;
+and he sent letters unto all the Jews that
+were in all the provinces of king Achashve-
+rosh, those nigh and those far away,
+
+21 To take it on themselves as a duty,
+that they should celebrate the fourteenth day
+of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of
+the same in each and every year,
+
+22 Like those days whereon the Jews had
+rest from their enemies, and the month which
+was changed imto them from sorrow to joy,
+and from mourning into a feast-day: to make
+them days of entertainment and joy, and of
+sending portions one to the other, and gifts
+to the needy."
+
+' That is, portions of food : this custom is still exten-
+sively observed.
+
+" As in the decree of Haman there was no distinction
+made between rich and poor, as all were thereby doomed
+to destruction, it is proper that every one .should have
+cause to be joyful in all future generations; the poor
+should of right therefore be remembered on this day
+especially by their more wealthy neighbours, so that they
+too miiy bless the Loud iu joy and plenty
+
+
+DANIEL T.
+
+
+23 And the Jews took upon themselves
+that wliich tliey had begun ah'eady to do. and
+that which Mordecai had written unto them.
+
+24 Because Haman the son of Hammeda-
+tha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the
+Jews, had devised against the Jews to exter-
+minate them, and had cast the Pur, that is,
+the lot. to destroy them, and to exterminate
+tiieni.
+
+25 But %vhen (Esther) came before the
+king, he ordered by that letter that his wick-
+ed device, which he had devised against the
+Jews, should return upon his own head: and
+they hanged him and his sons on the gal-
+lows.
+
+26 Therefore did they call these days Pu-
+rim, after the name of the Pur: therefore, be-
+cause of all the words of this letter, both for
+that which they had experienced thereby,
+and for that which had occurred unto them,
+
+27 The Jews confirmed it as a duty, and
+took upon themselves, and upon their seed,
+and upon all such as join themselves unto
+them, so that no one should fail therein, tliat
+they would celebrate these two days accord-
+ing to their prescription, and at their ap-
+pointed time, in each and every year.
+
+28 And these days are remembered and
+celebrated throughout each and every gene-
+ration, every family, every province, and
+every city ; and these days of Purim will not
+pass away from the midst of the Jews, nor
+will their memorial cease from their seed.
+
+
+29 ^f Then wrote Esther the queen, the
+daughter of Abichayil, with Mordecai the
+Jew, with all due strength, to confirm this
+letter of Purim the second time.
+
+30 And he sent letters unto all the Jews,
+to the hundred and twenty-seven provinces
+of the kingdom of Achashverosh, words of
+peace and truth,
+
+31 To confirm these davs of Purim in
+their times, just as Mordecai the Jew and
+Estiier the queen had enjoined on them, and
+as they had confirmed for themselves and for
+their seed, the matters of the fastings and
+their prayers.
+
+32 And the order of Esther confirmed
+these matters of Purim; and it was written
+in the" book.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 Tl And king Achashverosh imposed a
+tribute upon the land, and the isles of the
+sea.
+
+2 And all the acts of his strength and of
+his might, and the exposition of the greatness
+of Mordecai, wherewith the king made him
+great, behold they are writtt-n in the book of
+the chronicles of the kings of Media and
+Persia.
+
+3 For Mordecai the Jew was the second
+in rank after king Achashverosh, and great
+among the Jews, and acceptable to the multi-
+tude of his brethren, a promoter of good to
+his people, and speaking peace to all its seed
+
+
+THE BOOK OF DANIEL,
+
+
+I 2 And the Lord gave up into his hand Ye-
+
+CHAPTER T. j hoyakim the kingof Judah, with part of the
+
+1 T[ In the third year of the reign of vessels of the house of God: and he brought
+
+Jehoyakim the king of Judah came Nebu-| them into the land of Shin'ar into the house
+
+chadnezzar the king of Babylon unto Jerusa-'l of his god, namely, he brought the vessels
+
+lera, and besieged it.** " into the treasure-house of his god.
+
+
+'^ This no doubt refers to the biblical canon, and mean.s irruption of Nebuchadnezzar must have taken place while
+
+that the history of Esther was added thereto. ,! he was yet co-regent with his father, on his expeditiuii
+
+*■ Philippson^iu his notes to this verse, proves that tliisij against the Egyptians, whom be subdued in the following,'
+
+yy3
+
+
+DANIEL I. II.
+
+
+3 And the king said unto A.shpenas, tlie
+chief of his eunuchs, that he should bring out
+of the children of Israel, and of the royal
+seed, and of the nobles,
+
+4 (Certain) lads in whom there should be
+no kind of blemish, but who should be hand-
+some in appearance, and intelligent in all
+wisdom, and acquainted with knowledge, and
+understanding science, and such as should
+have the ability to serve" in the king's pa-
+lace, and that these should be taught the
+learning and the language of the Chaldeans.
+
+5 And the king ordered for them a daily
+provision for its day of the king's food, and
+of the wine which he drank, and to educate
+them three years, so that at the end thereof
+they should serve before the king.
+
+6 Now there were among these of the chil-
+dren of Judah, Daniel, Chananyah, Mishael,
+and 'Azaryah.
+
+7 And the chief of the eunuchs assigned
+them names; and he assigned to Daniel the
+name of Belteshazzar; and to Chananyah, of
+Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and
+to 'Azaryah, of 'Abed-nego.
+
+8 But Daniel resolved*" in his heart that
+lie would not defile himself with the food of
+the king, nor with the wine which he drank:
+and therefore he requested of the chief of the
+eunuchs that he might not need to defile
+himself.
+
+9 And God gave Daniel kindness and
+mercy before the chief of the eunuchs.
+
+10 And the chief of the eunuchs said unto
+Daniel, I fear my lord the king, who hath
+ordered your food and your drink; for why
+should he see your fiice sadder looking than
+that of the lads who are of your age?" and
+ye would thus endanger my head with the
+king.
+
+11 Then said Daniel to the steward whom
+the chief of the eunuchs had given charge
+over Daniel, Chananyah, Mishael, and 'Azar-
+yah,
+
+12 Prove, I beseech thee, thy servants, ten
+days; and let tliem give us vegetables to eat,
+and water to drink ;
+
+13 And then let our countenances be look-
+ed at before thee, and the countenance of the
+
+
+year, when at the death of his father he became sole kinj;
+(if Babylon. Souk; llabbius suppose it refers to the third
+year of Jchoyakim's rebclliou.
+891
+
+
+lads that eat the food of the king : ar.d as thou
+mayestsee (fitting), so deal with thy servants.
+
+14 And he hearkened unto them in this
+matter, and proved them ten daj'S.
+
+15 And at the end of ten days their coun-
+tenances appeared better and fuller in flesh
+than (that of) all the lads who ate the food
+of the kinir.
+
+16 And the steward took away their (a2>
+portioned) food, and the wine that they were
+to drink, and ga\'e them vegetables.
+
+17 But as regardeth all these four lads,
+God gave them knowledge and intelligence
+in all learning and wisdom; and Daniel had
+understanding in all visions and dreams.
+
+18 And at the end of the days (after)
+which the king had said that they should be
+presented, the chief of the eunuchs presented
+them before Nebuchadnezzar.
+
+19 And the king spoke with them; and
+there was not found among them all any one
+like Daniel, Chananyah, Mishael, and 'Azar-
+yah : and so they served before the king.
+
+20 And in every matter of wise understand-
+ing, which the king required of them, he
+found them ten times superior above all the
+magicians and astrologers that were in all
+his kingdom.
+
+21 And Daniel continued even unto the
+first year of king Cyrus.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ][ And in the second year of the reign
+of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadnezzar dreamed
+dreams, whereat his spirit was troubled, and
+his sleep that was upon hira was gone.
+
+2 Then said the king to call the magicians,
+and the astrologers, and the sorcerers, and
+the Chaldeans, to solve for the king his
+dreams: and they came and placed them-
+selves before the king.
+
+3 And the king said unto them, I have
+dreamed a dream, and my spirit is troubled
+to know the dream.
+
+4 Then spoke the Chaldeans to the king
+in Araniic, 0 king, live for ever : recite the
+dream to thy servants, and we will tell the
+interpretation.
+
+5 The king answered and said to the Chal-
+
+' Lit. "to stand," and so elsewhere,
+
+" Lit. "laid it on bis heart."
+
+° Sa'adyah, " like you in height."
+
+
+DANIEL ir.
+
+
+cliiinged
+
+
+Jeans. Tno decree is firmly resolved on by
+'lie: If ye do not make known unto me the
+dream with its interpretation, ye shall be cut
+m pieces, and ytmv houses shall be
+into a dunghill.
+
+6 But if ye tell the dreaui and its inter-
+l-retation. then shall ye receive gifts and re-
+wards and great honour from me. Therefore
+tell nie tlie dream and its interpretation.
+
+7 They answered the second time and said,
+Lot the king recite the dream to his servants,
+and we wi.ll tell its interpretation.
+
+S The king answered and said, I know of
+a certainty that 3'e wish to gain time, because
+ye see the decree is firmly resolved on by me :
+
+9 That" if ye do not make known unto me
+thy dr-.5am, there is but one sentence for j'ou;
+fof ye have prepared hing and deceptive
+■wer3>; to speak before me, till the time be
+changed. Therefore relate to me the dream,
+and I shall know that ye can tell me its in-
+terpretation.
+
+10 The Chaldeans answered l)efore the
+kmg, and said, There is not a man upon the
+habitable earth that can tell the king's mat-
+ter: wherefore no mighty and powerful king
+ever hath asked such a thing of any magi-
+cian, or astrologer, or Chaldean.
+
+11 And the matter which the king requii'-
+eth is difficult, and there is no other that can
+tell it before the king, except the gods, whose
+dwelling is not with flesh.
+
+12 For all this cause the king became an-
+gry, and very furious; and he commanded
+to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.
+
+13 And the law went forth and (some of)
+the wise men were slain: and they sought
+Daniel and his companions to slay them.
+
+14 ][ Then made Daniel representations
+with intelligence and prudence to Ar^och the
+captain of the king's guard,'' who was gone
+forth to slay the wise men of Babylon.
+
+15 He commenced and said to Arjoch the
+king's commander, Wherefore is the law so
+hasty"^ from the king? Tlieu made Aryoch
+the matter'' known to Daniel.
+
+16 But Daniel went in, and requested of
+the king that he would give him time, that
+he might tell the interpretation to the king.
+
+
+' Philippson, "For if ye do not make known to lue the
+dre;im, 'hs-p is this your .sole object, und you have agreed
+50 speak^" ,\\.
+
+
+17 ^ Then went Daniel to his house, and
+made the matter known to Chananyah, Mi-
+shael, and 'Azaryah, his companions.
+
+18 In order that they might pray for
+mercy of the God of heaven concerning this
+secret: so that Daniel and his companions
+might not be destroyed with the rest of the
+wise men of Babylon.
+
+19 Thereupon was the secret revealed unto
+Daniel in a vision of the night. Then did
+Daniel bless the God of heaven.
+
+20 Daniel commenced and said, Ma}' the
+name of God be blessed from eternitj' and to
+all eternity-; for wisdom and might are his;
+
+21 And he changeth times and seasons;
+he removeth kings, and raiseth up kings : he
+giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge
+to those that possess understanding.*
+
+22 He it is that revealeth what is deep
+and secret; he knoweth what is in the dark-
+ness, and the light dwelleth with him.
+
+23 To thee, 0 God of my father, do I give
+thanks, and I praise thee, who hast given me
+wisdom and might, and because thou hast
+made known unto me what we prayed for of
+thee; for thou hast made known unto us the
+king's matter.
+
+24 Therefore did Daniel go in unto Aryoch,
+whom the king had ordered to destroy the
+wise men of Babylon. He went and said thus
+unto him. The wise men of Babylon must
+thou not destroy: bring me before the king,
+and I will tell luito the king the interpretar
+tion.
+
+25 ]f Then did Aryoch bring Daniel before
+the king in haste, and thus he said unto
+him. Here have I found a man out of the
+children of the exiles of Judah, who will
+make known unto the king the interpreta-
+tion.
+
+26 The king answered and said to Daniel,
+whose name was Belteshazzar, Art thou able
+to make known unto me the dream which I
+have seen, and its interpretation?
+
+27 Daniel answered in the presence of the
+king, and said, The secret which the king
+hath demanded no wise men, astrologers, ma-
+gicians, or soothsayers, can tell unto tht
+king;
+
+
+Rashi, "the eliicf of the executioners."
+Rashi and Abeu Ezra. Others, "severe."
+Philippson, all through, i(pho with "order."
+
+894
+
+
+DANIEL II.
+
+
+2" Bui tliere is a God in heaven that re-
+vcaleth secrets, and he hath made known to
+king Nebuchadnezzar what is to be in the
+latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of
+thy head upon thy couch, were these.
+
+29 Tf As for thee. 0 king, thy thoughts,
+when thou wast on thy couch, rose (within
+thee) concerning what is to come to pass
+hereafter; and the Revea'ler of secrets hath
+made known to thee what is to come to pass.
+
+30 But as for me, this secret hath not been
+revealed to me because of any wisdom that
+is in me more than in all other living; but for
+the sake that men might make known the in-
+terpretation to the king, and that thou might-
+est understand the thoughts of thy heart.
+
+31 ^ Thou, 0 king, sawest, and behold
+there was a large image; this image was
+mighty, and its brightness was excellent; it
+stood opposite to thee; and its form was fear-
+inspiring.
+
+32 As regardeth this image, its head was
+of fine gold, its breast and its arms were of
+silver, its belly and its thighs of copper,
+
+33 Its legs of iron, its feet part of them of
+iron and part of them of clay.
+
+34 Thou didst look on till the moment
+that a stone tore itself loose, not through
+(human) hands, and it struck the image upon
+its feet that were of iron and clay, and ground
+them to pieces.
+
+35 Then were the iron, the clay, the cop-
+per, the silver, and the gold ground up toge-
+ther, and became like the chaff of the sum-
+mer threshing-floors; and the wind carried
+them away, that no trace" was found of them ;
+and the stone that had stricken the image be-
+came a mighty mountain, and filled the whole
+earth.
+
+36 This is the dream; and its interpretar
+tion will we relate before the king.
+
+37 Thou, 0 king, art a king of kings, to
+whom the God of heaven hath given king-
+dom, power, and strength, and honour:
+
+38 And wheresoever the children of men
+ilwell, hath he given*" the beasts of the field
+and the fowls of the heaven into thy hand,
+and hath made tliee ruler over them all.
+Thou art the head of gold.
+
+
+' Lit. "No place for them;" Rashi explains, "their for-
+mer place was not known, as it' they had never heen there." |
+' Fiirst. Philippson and others, " — children of men!
+8'J6 '
+
+
+39 And after thee there will arise another
+kmgdom inferior to thee; and another" third
+kingdom of copper, which will bear rule over
+all the earth.
+
+40 And the fourth kingdom will be as
+strong as iron; forasmuch as iron grindeth
+up and beateth down all things, and as iron
+that breaketh (every thing), will it grhid up
+and break all these.
+
+41 And that thou sawest the feet and
+toes, part of them of potter's clay, and part
+of them of iron, (signifieth) that it will be a
+divided kingdom, although there will be in it
+of the strength of the iron; forasmuch as
+thou sawest the iron mingled with mir}' clay.
+
+42 And as the toes of the feet were part
+of them of iron, and part of them of clay; so
+will the kingdom be partly strong and partly
+brittle.
+
+43 And whereas thou sawest iron mingled
+with miry clay: so will they mingle them-
+selves among the seed of men ; but they will
+not cleave firmly one to another, even as iron
+cannot be mingled with claw
+
+44 But in the days of these kings will the
+God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall
+to eternity not be destroyed, and its rule shall
+not be transferred to any other people; (but)
+it will grind up and make an end of all these
+kingdoms, while it will itself endure for ever.
+
+45 Whereas thou sawest that out of the
+mountain a stone tore itself loose, not through
+(human) hands, and that it ground up the iron,
+the copper, the clay, the silver, and the gold :
+the great God hath made known to the king
+what is to come to pass after this. And the
+dream is reliable, and its interpretation cer-
+tain.
+
+46 ^ Then did king Nebuchadnezzar fall
+upon his face, and he bowed down to Daniel,
+and ordered that they should .ofter an obla-
+tion and sweet odours unto him.
+
+47 The king answered unto Daniel, and
+said. Of a truth it is, that yonv God is the
+Gdd of gods, and the Lord of kings, and the
+revealer of secrets; because thou hast been
+able to reveal tliis secret.
+
+48 Then did the king elevate Daniel, and
+gave him many great presents, and made him
+
+
+dwell, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the heaven,
+hatli he given (all) into thy hand."
+
+' Fiirst, "and a third kinirdom thereafter."
+
+
+'^•ij
+
+
+».i*.ft- ' ^"';i
+
+
+("
+
+
+^^i
+
+
+DANIEL IT. III.
+
+
+imUh' over the whole province of" Babylon,
+and (.Lief of the superintendents over all the
+wise men of Babylon.
+
+40 Then requested Daniel of the king, that
+he might appoint Shadrach, Meshach, and
+'Abed-nego, over the public service of the
+province of Balnion ; but Daniel remained in
+the gate of the king.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ^ King Nebuchadnezzar made an image
+of gold," the height of which was sixty cubits,
+and the breadth of which was six cubits: he
+
+.set it up in the valley of Dura, in the pro-
+vince of Babylon.
+
+2 And king Xeljuchadnezzar sent to a.ssem-
+blt (his) lieutenants, the superintendents,
+and the governors, the j udges, the treasurers,
+the counsellors, those learned in the law. and
+all the rulers of the provinces, to come to the
+dedication of the image which king Nebu-
+chadnezzar had set up.
+
+o Thereupon were assembled the lieute-
+nants, the superintendents, and the govei'n-
+ors, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors,
+those learned in the law, and all the rulers'
+of the provinces, unto the dedication of the
+image that king Nelniehadnezzar had .set up;
+and they stood opposite t(_) tlie image that
+Nebuchadnezzar had set up.
+
+4 Then a herald called out with a loud''
+voice, To 30U it is commanded, 0 people, na-
+tions, and languages,
+
+5 That at the time when ye do hear the
+sound of the cornet, flute, guitar, harp, psal-
+tery, bagpipe, and all kinds of music, ye shall
+fall down and bow yourselves to the golden
+image which king Nebuchadnezzar hath set
+up:
+
+6 And whoso doth not fall down and bow
+himself shall in the same hour be cast into
+the midst of a burning fiery furnace.
+
+7 Therefore at the same time, when all
+the people heard the sound of the cornet,
+flute, guitar, harp, psaltery, and all kinds
+of music, all the people, the nations, and the
+languages fell down bowing them.selves to
+the golden image which king Nebuchadnez-
+zar had set up.
+
+8 Therefore at the same time certain Chal-
+
+
+' Philippson suggests that it was probably only overlaid.
+' Lit. " with might."
+
+5 N
+
+
+dean men came near, and nccused the Jews
+treacherously.
+
+9 They commenced and said to king Ne
+buchadnezzar. 0 king, live fur ever.
+
+10 Thou, 0 king, hadst made a decree.
+that every man that should hear the sound
+of the cornet, flute, guitar, harp, psaltery,
+and bagpipe, and all kinds of music, should
+fall down and bow himself to the golden
+image;
+
+11 And that whoso should not fall down
+and bow himself should be cast into the
+midst of a burning fiery furnace.
+
+12 There are certain Jewish men whom
+thou hast appointed over the public service
+of the province of Balnlon, Shadrach, Me-
+shach, anil 'Abednego: tliese men, O king,
+have not paid any regard to thee; thy god
+they do not worship, and to the golden
+image wliich thou hast set up they do not
+bow themselves.
+
+13 ^ Then ordered Nebuchadnezzar in
+rage and fuiy to bring Shadrach, Meshach,
+and 'Abed-nego. Then were these men
+brought before the king.
+
+14 Nebuchadnezzar connnenced and said
+unto them, Is it out of disrespect," 0 Shar
+drach, Meshach, and 'Al)cd-nego? My god
+ye do not worship, and to the golden image
+which I have set up ye do not bow your-
+selves?
+
+15 Now then if ye be ready at the time
+when ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute,
+harp, guitar, psaltery, and bagpipe, and all
+kinds of music, to fall down and bow your-
+selves to the image which I have made,
+(well) ; but if ye bow yourselves not, ye shall
+be cast in the same hour into the midst of a
+burning fiery furnace: and who is the God
+that can deliver you out of my hpaid?
+
+16 Then answered Shadrach, Meshach,
+and 'Abed-nego, and said to the king, 0 Ne-
+buchadnezzar, we have no need to answer
+thee a word in this matter.
+
+17 Behold, there is our God whom we wor-
+ship, he is able to deliver us from the burn-
+ing fiery furnace: and out of thy hand, 0
+king, will he deliver us.
+
+18 But if not, then be it known unto thee.
+0 king, that thy god will we not worship,
+
+
+= Rashi.
+
+' Is it true';
+
+
+Ilerxheinier, "on pmpos'j.
+
+
+Abe
+
+
+S'Jl
+
+
+DANIEL III. IV.
+
+
+ind to the golden image which thou hast set
+up will we not bow ourselves.
+
+19 T[ Then was Nebuchadnezzar filled with
+f..r;> . and the form of his countenance was
+changed because of Shadrach, Mesliach, and
+'Abed-nego ; (and) he commenced and ordered
+that they should heat the furnace thoroughly
+seven times more than it was wont" to be
+heated.
+
+20 And lie ordered the mightiest men m
+strength that were in his army, to bind Sha-
+drach, Meshacli, and 'Abed-nego, (and) to
+cast tliem into the burning fiery furnace.
+
+21 Then were these men bound in their
+mantles, their under-garments, and their tur-
+bans, and their other garments, and were cast
+into the midst of the burning fierj' furnace.
+
+22 Now, because the king's command was
+so urgent, and the furnace exceedingly heat-
+ed, the flame of the fire slew those men that
+carried up Shadracli, Mesliach, and 'Abed-
+nego.
+
+23 And these three men, Shadrach, Me-
+sliach, and 'Alied-nego, fell down bound into
+the midst of the burning fiery furnace.
+
+24 ^ Then was king Nebuchadnezzar as-
+tonished, and he rose up in haste, (and) ccmi-
+menced, and said unto liis counsellors, Did
+we not cast three men bound into the midst
+of the fire? They answered and said unto
+the king, Certainly, 0 king.
+
+25 He answered and said, Lo, T see four
+riien unbound, walking in the midst of the
+fire, and tliere is no injury on them; and tlie
+appearance of tlie fourth is like a son of the
+gods.
+
+26 ^ Then came Nebuchadnezzar near
+to the door of the burning fiery furnace, com-
+menced, and said, Shadracli, Mesliach, and
+'xibod-nego, ye servants of the most liigh God,
+step forth, and come hither. Then stepped
+vShadrach, Meshach, and 'Abed-nego forth
+out of the midst of the fire.
+
+27 And the lieutenants, superintendents,
+and governors, and the king's counsellors, be-
+ing assembled together, saw these men, over
+whose bodies the fire liad had no power, and
+the hair of whose head was not singed, whose
+mantles were not changed, and on wlioin
+there was not come the smell of fire.
+
+* Philippson, "llian thoy s;iw if. was heated." llorx-
+liciiiicr, "llian (liey liiiiml it rfi|uisite,"
+8'J8
+
+
+28 Then commenced Nebuchadnezzar, and
+said. Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Me-
+shach, and 'Abed-nego, who hath sent his
+angel, and delivered his servants that had
+trusted in him, and had transgressed the
+king's word, and yielded up their bodies, that
+the}' might no' worship nor bow themselves
+to any god, except their own God.
+
+29 Therefore do I make a decree. That
+every people, nation, and language, that may
+speak any thing disrespectful against the God
+of Shadrach, Meshach, and 'Abed-nego, shall
+be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be
+changed into a dunghill; because there is no
+other God tliat can deliver like this one.
+
+30 Then did the king promote Shadrach,
+Meshach, and 'Abed-nego, in the province of
+Babylon.
+
+3P ^ Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all
+people, nations, and languages, that dwell on
+all the earth. May your welfare increase.
+
+32 The signs and wonders which the most
+high God hath wrought toward me I find
+it for good to make known.
+
+33 His signs — liow great are tliey! and
+his wonders — how mighty are they ! his king-
+dom is an everlasting kingdom, and his rule
+is over every generation.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Tl I Nebuchadnezzar was at rest in my
+house, and flourishing in my palace.
+
+2 I saw a dream which terrified me; and
+the thoughts upon my couch and the visions
+of my head troubled me.
+
+3 Therefore made I a decree to bring be-
+fore me all the wise men of Babylon, that
+they might make known unto me the inter-
+pretation of the dream.
+
+4 Then came up the magicians, the astro-
+logers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers;
+and the dream did I recite l)efore them ; but
+its interpretation did they not make known
+unto me.
+
+5 But at the last came up before me Da-
+niel, who.se name was Belteshazzar, after the
+name of my god, and in whom is the spirit
+of the holy gods; and the dream did I recite
+before him, (saying,)
+
+6 0 Belteshazzar, chief of the magicians,
+
+
+■■ The English ver.sion commences here chapter iv., to
+which verses 31-33 are a son of iutroductiou.
+
+
+DANIEL IV.
+
+
+of whom I know that the spirit of the holy
+gods is ill thee, and that no secret is con-
+cealed* from thee, tell me the visions of my
+dream which I have seen, with its mterpreta-
+tion.
+
+7 And the visions of my head on m\- couch
+'A'eie, (that) I saw, and behold, theic was a
+tree in the midst of the earth, and its height
+was great.
+
+8 The tree grew,'' and was strong, and its
+height reached unto heaven, and it was visi-
+ble" to the end of all the earth.
+
+9 Its foliage was splendid, and its fruit
+large, and on it was food for all: under it
+sought the beasts of the field for shade, and
+in its boughs dwelt the fowls of heaven, and
+from it was fed all llesh.
+
+lU I saw in the visions of my head on
+my couch, and, behold, a watcher who was
+also a holy one came down from heaven. )
+
+11 He called with might, and thus he said, j
+Hew down the tree, and lop off' its branches,
+strip oft' its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let
+the beasts flee aw^ay from under it, and the
+fowls from among its branches:
+
+12 Nevertheless leave the body of its roots
+in the earth, but (bound) with fetters of iron
+and copper, among the grass of the lield ; and
+let it be made wet with the dew of heaven,
+and let its portion be with the beasts on the j
+herbage of the earth ;
+
+13 Let his heart be changed not to be hu- 1
+man, and let a beast's heart be given mitol
+him; and let seven times elapse over him.
+
+14 Through the resolve of the watchers is
+this decree, and by the order of the holy ones
+is this decision : to the intent that the living
+mav know that the Most High ruleth over
+the kingdom of men, and that he can give it
+to whom.soever he pleaseth, and can set up
+over it the lowest of men.
+
+15 Tiiis dream have I, king Nebuchadnez-
+zar, seen ; but thou, 0 Belteshazzar, relate its
+interpretation, forasmuch as all the wise men
+of my kingdom are not able to make known
+unto me the interpretation; but thou art
+able: for the spirit of the holy gods is in
+thee.
+
+IG Then was Daniel, whose name was
+
+
+* Rashi. Aben Ezra, "can conquer thee." Philipp-
+8Cn, "no secret is uncouquered by thee."
+
+' Philip]..syi), "the tree was great and mighty."
+
+
+Belteshazzar, astounded for one hour,^ and
+his thoughts troubled him. The- king then
+commenced, and said, Belteshazzar, let not
+the dream, or its interpretation, trouble thee.
+Belteshazzar answered and said. My lord, 0
+that the dream might be for those that
+hate thee, and its interpretation ibr thy
+enemies.
+
+17 The tree that thou hast seen, which
+grew, and was strong, the height of which
+reached unto the heaven, and which was visi-
+ble to all the earth;
+
+18 The foliage of which was splendid, and
+the fruit of which was large, and on which
+was food for all; under which dwelt the
+beasts of the field, and in the boughs of
+which nestled the lowls of the heaven : —
+
+11) It is thou, 0 king, that art grown and
+liecome strong; and thy greatness is grown
+apace, and reacheth unto heaven, and thy
+dominion is to the end of the earth.
+
+20 And whereas the king saw a watcher
+and a holy one coming down from heaven,
+who said. Hew the tree down, and destroy it;
+yet leave the body of its roots in the earth,
+but (bound) in fetters of iron and copper,
+among the grass of the field; and let it be
+made wet with the dew of heaven, and let
+its portion be with the beasts of the lield,
+till seven times elapse over it: —
+
+21 This is the interpretation, 0 king, and
+this is the resolve of the Most High, ^vliicli
+will come over my lord the king:
+
+22 They will drive thee away from men,
+and with the beasts of the field "is thy dwell-
+ing to be, and they will suffer thee to eat
+herbs like oxen, and they will suffer thee to
+be made wet with the dew of heaven, and
+seven times will elapse over thee; until that
+thou wilt know that the Most High ruletli
+over the kingdom of men, and givetli it to
+whomsoever he pleaseth.
+
+23 And whereas they ordered to leave the
+body of the roots of the tree: thy kingdom
+will remain unto thee, as soon as thou wilt
+know that the Heavens do rule.
+
+24 Therefore, 0 king, let my counsel be
+agreeable unto thee, and atone for thy sins
+by righteousness, and for thy miquities by
+
+
+° Sa'adyah. Lit. "its appearance." Aben Ezra, "and
+its branches went," &.c.
+
+"^ Othersj not liteniUy, "for a while."
+
+809
+
+
+DANIEL IV. V.
+
+
+showing kindness to tlie poor: perhaps thy
+prosperity may (tliereby) endure k)ng.
+
+25 All this came over king Nebuchadnez-
+zar.
+
+26 Tf At the end of twelve months he was
+walking upon the royal palace at Babylon.
+
+27 The king commenced, and said, Is not
+this Babjlon the great, tlutt I myself have
+built for a royal residence by the might of
+my power, and for the lionour of my ma-
+jesty?
+
+28 The word was still in the king's mouth,
+when there tell a voice from heaven, (say-
+irig,) To thee it is said, 0 king Nebucliad-
+nezzar, The kingdom departeth from thee.
+
+29 And from men will they drive tliee
+away, and with the beasts of the field shall
+thy dwelling be; herbs like oxen will they
+suffer thee to eat, and seven times shall
+elapse over thee: until thou wilt know that
+the Most High ruleth over the kingdom of
+men, and giveth it to whomsoever he pleaseth.
+
+30 At the same liour the word was fulfilled
+upon Nebuchadnezzar; and from men was he
+driven away, and herbs like oxen had he to
+eat, and with the dew of heaven was his body
+made wet: till his hair was grown like
+eagles' (feathers), and his nails were like
+l)irds' (chiws). —
+
+31 But at the end of the days I Nebuchad-
+nezzar lifted up my eyes unto heaven, and
+my understanding returned unto me, and I
+blessed the Most High, and I praised and
+glorified the Ever-living, whose dominion is
+iin everlasting dominion, and whose kingdom
+is over every generation ;
+
+32 And (by whom) all the inhabitants of
+the earth are regarded as nought ; and (who)
+according to his jilcasure doth with the host
+of heaven and the inhabitants of the earth:
+while there is none that can stay his hand,
+or say \mto him. What doest thou?
+
+33 At the same time my understanding
+retm-ned unto me; and with" the glory of my
+kingdom, my honour and my splendour re-
+turned unto me; and my counsellors and my
+lords sought for me: and I was replaced in
+my kingdom, and additioiuil greatness was
+a(
+
+
+Ided unto me.
+
+
+" Salomon. Others do not translate the b at all. Herx-
+hcimer, "and for the jrlory of my kingdom, ray honour,
+and my .s|ilendour."
+
+" llaslii e-xiiiiiiiis, lli;il iiih Ijult iipened IVom tlic Midduli
+
+9ijy
+
+
+34 Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and ex-
+tol and glorify the King of heaven, all whose
+works are truth, and whose ways are justice;
+and who is able to bring low those that walk
+in pride.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ][ King Belshazzar prepared a great
+feast for a thousand of his lords, and before
+these thousand did he drink wine.
+
+2 Btlshazzar ordered, tlirongh the counsel
+of the wine, to bring in the golden and silver
+vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had
+taken away out of the temple wliich was in
+Jerusalem: that the king, and his lords, his
+wives, and his concubines, might drink there-
+from.
+
+3 Then they brought in the golden vessels
+that were taken away out of the temple of
+the house of God which was at Jerusalem;
+and the king, and his lords, his wives, and
+his concubines, drank from them.
+
+4 They drank wine, and praised tlieir gods
+of gold, and of silver, of copper, of iron, of
+wood, and of stone.
+
+5 At that same hour came forth fingers of
+a inan's hand, and wrote opposite to the
+chandelier upon the plaster of the wall of
+the king's palace: and the king saw the part
+of the hand that wrote.
+
+6 Then was the king's colour changed, and
+his thoughts troubled him: so that the bands''
+of his loins were loosed, and his knees knock-
+ed one against the other.
+
+7 Tiie king called with might to bring in
+the astrologers, tlie Chaldeans, and the sooth-
+sayers. The king commenced, and said to
+the wise men of Babylon, Whatsoever man
+will read this writing, and tell me its inter-
+pretation, shall be clothed with purple," and
+liave a chain'' of gold about his neck, and
+shall rule as the third in the kingdom.
+
+8 Then came in all the wise men of the
+king; but they were not able to read the
+writing, nor to make its interpretation known
+to the king.
+
+9 Then was king Belshazzar greatly terri-
+fied, and his colour was changed on him, and
+his lords were confounded.
+
+fright as his hody shrank together; others, that his .spinal
+joints shrank together.
+
+' Others, "scarlet."
+
+' Otlu'i's, "an ornanient," like a crescent,
+
+
+Daniel v.
+
+
+jO (Now) the queen" in consequence of
+the word- of the king and of his lords came
+into the i);inquet-house; the queen commenced
+and i-aid, 0 king, hve for ever; let thy
+thoughts not trouble thee, nor let thy. colour
+1 e. clu\ng>i.'l :
+
+11 There is a man in tin kingdom in
+\\honi is the spirit of the holy gods; and in
+the days of thy father enlightenment and in-
+lelligeiice and wisdom, like the wisdom of the
+gods, were found in him; and king Nebuchad-
+nezzar thy father appointed him chief of the
+magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and sooth-
+sayers:— yes, thy father, 0 king. —
+
+12 Forasmuch as a superior spirit, and
+knowled-ie, and intelliirence, interi)retini>' of
+dreams, and solving of riddles, and of untjing
+knotty (doubts), were found in him, in Da-
+niel, to whom the king assigned the name of
+Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and
+he will tell the interpretation.
+
+13 ^ Then was Daniel brought in before
+the king: the king commenced and said unto
+3aniel, A; t thou Daniel, who art of the chil-
+dren of the exiles of Judah,'' whom the king
+my father brought out of Judah?
+
+14 And I have heard of thee, that the
+spirit of the gods is in thee, and that en-
+lightenment and intelligence and superior
+wisdom are found in thee.
+
+15 And now the wise men, the astrologers,
+had been brought before me, that they should
+read this writing, and make known unto me
+its interpretation; but they were not able to
+tell the interpretation of the matter.
+
+16 But 1 have truly heard concerning thee,
+that thou art able to give interpretations, and
+untie knotty (doubts) : now if thou art able
+tj read the writing, and make known to me
+its interpretation, thou shall be clothed with
+purple, with a chain of gold about thy neck,
+and shalt rule as the third in the kingdom.
+
+17 ^1 Then answered Daniel and said be-
+fore the king, Let thy gifts remain in thy
+possession, and bestow thy bounty on an-
+other: nevertheless will I read the Avriting
+unto the king, and make known to him the
+interpretation.
+
+18 O thou king I the most high God gave
+
+
+' Said to be the queen-mother, Nitocris, who kuew Da-
+niel Well, though he was forgotten by her sou.
+
+'■' In 'he text, Yi'hiul, abridged fnni] Yiliiidali, "Judah."
+
+
+kingdom, and greatness, and glory, and lion >ui
+unto Nebuchadnezzar thy father;
+
+19 And because of the greatness that he
+had given unto him, all people, nations, and
+languages trembled a.nd shook before him :
+whom he pleased he slew; and whom he
+pleased he kept alive; and whom he pleased
+he lifted up; and whom he pleased he brought
+low.
+
+20 But. when his heart was lifted up, and
+his spirit hardened to deal presumptuously,
+he was cast down from the throne of his
+kingdom, and his dignity did thev take from
+him ;
+
+21 And from tlie sons of men was he
+driven forth, and his heart became eipial
+with (that of) the beasts, and with the wild
+asses was his dwelling; they suflered liim to
+eat herbs like oxen, and with the dew of
+heaven wa^: his body made wet : till he ac-
+knowledged that the most higli God ruleth
+over the kingdom of men. and that he ap-
+pointeth over it whomsoever he pleaseth.
+
+22 And thou his son, 0 Belshazzar, hast
+not humbled thy heart, though thou knewest
+all this;
+
+23 But against the Lord of heaven hast
+thou lifted thyself up; and the vessels of his
+house have they brought before thee, and
+thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy con-
+cubines, have drunk wine from them ; and
+the gods of silver, and gold, of cojsper, iron,
+wood, and stone, which neither see, nor hear,
+nor know, hast thou praised; and the God in
+whose hand thy soul is, and whose are all
+thy ways, hast thou not glorified :
+
+24 Thereupon was sent from before him the
+part of the hand, and this writing was noted
+down.
+
+25 And this is the writing that was noted
+down, M'ne, M'ne, T'kel, Upharsin.
+
+26 This the interpretation of the matter:
+M'xE, Gt)d hath numbered thy kingdom, and
+made an end of it.
+
+27 T'kel, Thou hast been weighed in the
+balances, and been found wanting.
+
+28 Press ;° Thy kingdom hath been di-
+vided, and is given to the Medes and Persians.
+
+29 Then gave Belshazzar the order, and
+
+
+' oni) These letters read both j/irsa, "divide," and J'n-
+i-ass, "Persia;" henee, Uji/iarsiii embraces the idea of
+"division/' and surrender to the "Persians."
+
+901
+
+
+DANIEL V. VT.
+
+
+they clothed Daniel with purple, with a chain
+of gold about his neck, and they made a
+proclamation concerning him, that he should
+rule as the third in the kingdom.
+
+30 In that very nigiit was Belshazzar the
+king of the Chaldeans slain.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1° ^ And Darius' the Median obtained the
+kingdom, when he was sixty and two years
+old.
+
+2 Darius deemed it proper, and he set over
+the kingdom one hundred and twenty lieute-
+nants, who sliould be over all the kingdom ;
+
+3 And over these, three presidents, of
+whom Daniel was one; that these lieutenants
+should give accounts unto them, so tliat the
+kina; miaht suffer no damage.
+
+4 Then did this Daniel excel (all) the pre-
+sidents and lieutenants, because a superior
+spirit was in him : and the king thought to
+appoint him over the whole kingdom.
+
+5 Then sought the presidents and lieu-
+tenants to find a pretext against Daniel on
+accomit of the management of the kingdom;
+but they were not able to find any pretext or
+fanlt, forasmuch as he was faithful, and no
+kind of error or fault was to be found on him.
+
+G Then said these men. We shall not find
+any pretext against this Daniel, except Ave
+find it against him in the law of his God.
+
+7 Then came these presidents and lieuten-
+ants tumultuously to the king, and thus said
+they unto him. King Darius, live for ever.
+
+8 All the presidents of the kingdom, the
+superintendents, and the lieutenants, the
+counsellors, and the governors, have con-
+sulted togetlier to establish a r<nal statute,
+and t^) make a firm prohiljition, that whoso-
+ever will ask any thing by prayer of any God
+or man within thirty days, save of thee, 0
+king, shall be cast into the den of lions.
+
+9 Now, 0 king, establish the prohibition,
+and sign the writing, that it cannot be
+changed, according to the law of the Modes
+and Persians, which is not to be i-epealed.°
+
+10 In view of this king Darius signed the
+writing and the prohibition.
+
+* In the Ensjli.sh version, chapter vi. commences at
+Terse 2.
+
+'' This is supposcfl to he Cyaxarcs II., son of Astyages,
+king oi' IVIcdia, and maternal uncle to Cyrus, who allowed
+liim the title of his conquest, as long as he lived. Darius
+'.'02
+
+
+11 Now when Daniel knew that the writ-
+ing was signed, he went up unto his house,
+where he had open windows in his upper chnin-
+ber in the direction of Jerusalem ; and three
+times every day he kneeled upon his knees,
+and prajed, and oftered thanks before his
+God, as he had been doing before that time.
+
+12 Then came in these men tumultuously,
+and found Daniel praying and making sup-
+plication before his God.
+
+13 Then came they near, and spoke before
+the king concerning the king's prohibition,
+Hast thou not signed a prohibition, that every
+man that will pray (for aught) of any God or
+man, within thirty days, save of thee, 0 king,
+shall be cast into the den of lions? The king
+answered and said, The thing is certainly so,
+according to the law of the Medes and Per-
+sians, wliich cannot be repealed.
+
+14 Then answered they and said before
+the king, That Daniel, who is of the children
+of the exiles of Judah, hath paid no regard
+to thee, 0 king, nor to the prohibition which
+thou hast signed ; but three times every day
+he offereth up his prayer.
+
+15 Then the king, when he heard this
+matter, felt very much distressed within him-
+self, and on account of Daniel he sought an
+excuse** to deliver him; and till the going
+down of the sun he strove hard to rescue
+him.
+
+16 Then came these men tumultuously
+unto the king, and said unto the king, Know,
+0 king, that it is the law of the Medes and
+Persians, That every prohiljition and statute
+which the king hath established is' not to be
+changed.
+
+17 Then gave the king the order, and they
+brought Daniel, and cast him into the den of
+lions. The king commenced and said unto
+Daniel, May thy God whom thou worship-
+pest continually, truly deliver thee.
+
+18 And a stone was brought, and placed
+upon the mouth of the den; and the king
+sealed it with his own signet^ring, anil with the
+signet-ring of his lords, that nothing sliould be
+changed in the purpo.se concerning Daniel.
+
+19 Then went the king to his palace, and
+
+in Hebrew, Darj/ave.th — in cuneiform writing, Dari/Qi).
+vus — is said to mean king, as Cyaxares II. called iiiiuself
+especially. — Philippson.
+
+° Lit. "which will not depart."
+
+'' Rashi. Sa'adyah, Sd for 3^ "heart,"
+
+
+'set his lieart."
+
+
+DANIEL VI. VII.
+
+
+passed the night fasting; and no food" was
+brouglit before him ; antl his sleep iied I'rom
+him.
+
+20 Then arose the king by the morning-
+dawn, as soon as it was light, and went m
+great haste mito the den of lions.
+
+21 And wdien he came near to the den, he
+cried with a mournful voice unto Daniel: the
+king commenced and said to Daniel, 0 Daniel,
+servant of the living God, hath th^'God, whom
+thou wovshippest continually, been able to de-
+liver thee from the lions?
+
+22 Then spoke Daniel with the king, 0
+king, live for ever.
+
+23 My God sent his angel, and locked up
+the mouths of the lions, and they have not
+hurt me; forasmuch as before him innocency
+was found in me; and also before thee, O
+king, had I done nothing injurious.
+
+21 Then was the king exceedingly glad
+within himself, and concerning Daniel he or-
+dered to bring him up out of the den. So
+was Daniel brought up out of the den, and no
+manner of hurt was found upon him, because
+he had trusted in his God.
+
+25 And the king gave the order, and they
+brought those men who had accused Daniel
+treacherously, and they cast into the den of
+lions them, their children, and their wives;
+and they had not yet touched the bottom of
+the den when the lions had the mastery over
+them, and ground up all their bones.
+
+26 Then wrote king Darius unto all peo-
+ple, nations, and languages, that dwell on all
+the eartli. May 3-our welfare increase.
+
+27 From me is it decreed. That in all the
+dominion of my kingdom men shall tremble
+and have fear before the God of Daniel ; for he
+is the living God, and endureth for ever, and it
+is hi.s kingdom which will not be destroyed,
+and his dominion will be unto the end (of
+things) .
+
+28 He delivereth and reseueth, and he dis-
+playeth signs and wonders in heaven and on
+earth, he who hath delivered Daniel from the
+power of the lions.
+
+29 So this Daniel prospered in the reign of
+Darius, and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 T[ In the first year of Belshazzar the
+
+
+Eashi. Sa'adyah, "music."
+
+
+king of Babylon, Daniel saw a dream and
+the visions of his head while on his couch :
+afterward he wrote down the dream, relating
+the principal things.
+
+2 Daniel commenced and said, 1 saw in luv
+vision by night, and, behold, the four winds
+of heaven blew fiercely on the great sea.
+
+3 And four great beasts came up from the
+sea, differing one from another.
+
+4 The first was like a lion, and had eagle's
+wings: I looked till its wings were plucked
+out, and it was lifted up from the earth, and
+was placed upon its feet as a man. and a
+human heart was given to it.
+
+5 And behold there was another, a second
+beast, like a bear, and on one side was it
+placed, with three ribs in its mouth between
+its teeth : and thus they said unto it. Arise,
+eat much flesh.
+
+6 After this I looked, and lo there was an
+other, like a leopard; and it had four wings
+of a bird on its back: the beast had also four
+heads; and dominion was given unto it.
+
+7 After this I looked in the night visions,
+and behold there was a fourtli beast, dreadful
+and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it
+had great iron teeth : it devoured and ground
+up, and what was left it stamped with its
+feet; and it was diflerent from all the beasts
+that were before it; and it had ten horns.
+
+8 I looked carefully at the horns, and, be-
+hold, another little horn came up between
+them, and three of the first horns were pluck-
+ed up by the roots before the same; and, be-
+hold, there were eyes like the eyes of man in
+this horn, with a mouth si^eaking presumptu-
+ous things.
+
+9 I was looking until chairs were set down,
+and an Ancient of days seated himself, whose
+garment was white as snow, and the hair of
+whose head was like clean wool; his chair
+was like flames of fire, and his wheels like
+fire that burnt ;
+
+10 A stream of fire issued and came forth
+from before him; thousand times thousands
+ministered unto him, and myriad times my-
+riads stood betbre him : they sat down to hold
+judgment, and the books were opened.
+
+11 I looked then, because of the sound of
+the presumptuous words which the horn had
+spoken, — I looked till the beast was slain,
+and its body destroyed, and given over to the
+
+
+burning fire.
+
+
+903
+
+
+DANIEL VII. VIII.
+
+
+12 But concerning the rest of the beasts,
+they had their dominion talven away : yet a
+longer duration of life was given unto them
+until the time and period." |
+
+13 I looked in the nightly ^■isions, and, be-
+hold, with the clouds of heaven came one j
+like a son of man,'' and he attained as far as
+the Ancient of days, and they brought him
+near before him.
+
+14 And there were given him dominion,
+and dignity, and government, and all peo-
+ple, nations, and languages had to serve
+him : his dominion is an everlasting dominion,
+which shall not pass away, and his kingdom
+is one which shall never be destrojed.
+
+15 iy My spirit was deeply shaken within
+me, Daniel, in the midst of its tenement,''
+and the visions of my head trouljled me.
+
+in I came near unto one of those that
+stood ijy, and asked him something certain
+concerning all this: and he spoke to me.
+
+
+22 Until the Ancient of days came, and
+procured justice unto the saints of the Most
+High ; and the time came and the saints took
+possession of the kingdom.
+
+23 Thus said he. The fourth beast (f-i^ni-
+fieth that) a fourth kingdom will be- upon
+earth, which is to be diflerent from all king-
+doms, and will devour all the earth, and will
+tread it down, and grind it up.
+
+24 And the ten horns out of this kii!3,dom
+(signify) that ten kings will arise; and an-
+other will rise after them, and he will be
+diflerent from the first, and three kings -v.'i'il
+he bring low.
+
+20 And he will speak words against the
+Most High, and the saints of the Most BigL
+will he oppress, and think to change the fes-
+tivals'' and the law: and they will be given
+up into his hand until a time and times and
+half a time.'
+
+20 But they*^ will sit down to hold judi
+
+
+and made known unto me the interpretation i nient, and they will take away his dominion,
+
+to destroy and to annihilate it unto the end.
+
+27 And the kingdom and the dominion, and
+the power over the kingdoms under the whole
+heaven, will be given to the people of the
+saints of the Most High, whose kingdom is
+an everlasting kingdom, and all governments
+are to worship and obey him.
+
+28 Thus far is the end of the speech.'' As
+for me Daniel, my reflections troubled me
+greatly, and my colour was changed on me;
+but I kept the speech in my heart.
+
+
+of the things.
+
+17 These great beasts, of which there are
+four, are four kings, who are to arise on' the
+earth.
+
+18 But the saints of the Most High will
+ojjtain the kingdom, and possess the kingdom
+to eternity, even to all eternity for ever.
+
+19 Then I desired what is certain concern-
+ing the fourth beast, which was diflerent from ,
+all these others, exceedingly dreadful, whose j
+teeth were of iron, and whose nails of copper; j
+which devoured, ground up, and stamped
+with its feet what was left;
+
+20 And concerning the ten horns that were
+in its head, and concerning the other which \
+came up, and befon
+even
+and a mouth which
+
+
+Inch three fell down, —
+had eyes,
+spoke jjresumptuous
+thirigs, and whose appearance was
+
+
+wl
+concernnig that horn which
+
+
+greater
+
+
+than that of its companions,
+
+21 I had seen how the same horn had
+
+
+made war with the saints, and had prevailed ; by the river Ulai.
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ In the third year of the reign of king
+Belshazzar a vision appeared unto me, to me
+Daniel, after that which had appeared unto
+me at the first.
+
+2 And I saw in the vision — and it came to
+pass, in my seeing, that I was at Shushau
+the capital, which is in the province of 'Elam;
+— and I saw in the vision, as though I was
+
+
+against them :
+
+
+3 And I lifted up my eyes, and saw, and,
+
+
+" /. c. The period until which they are to exist.
+
+" Rashi explains tLi.s to mean the Messiah ; Aben Ezra,
+the people of Israel.
+
+° Lit. " .sheath," for a sword ; here, " tenement," or
+"body."
+
+" Lit. "out of the earth."
+
+* Whether the wicked king spoken of be Antiochus,
+Titus, or another yet to come, there can be no ddubt that
+the interpretation of Kashi is correct, tliat he would pur-
+
+
+pose to make them transgress the sabbaths, festivals, and
+the law; with what success the text teaches us.
+
+' Rashi conceives these numbers to be indefinite; but
+if they refer to Antiochus (Epiphanes), they mean three
+and a half years, during which it is said he abolished ilic
+daily sacrifices.
+
+' i. e. Those whose right it is to do so, — God's angeU.
+
+" i. e. 'What the angel had told him. Others, "tke
+matter."
+
+
+DANIEL VIII.
+
+
+behold, there was a ram standing before the
+river, and he had two horns; and tlie horns
+were high; but one was higlier than the
+other, and the higher one came up hast.
+
+4 I saw the ram butting westward, and
+northward, and southward; so that all the
+beasts could not stand liefore him, and no one
+was there to deliv'er out of his hand: and he
+did according to his will, and became great."
+
+5 And as I v/as looking attentiveh', be-
+hold, there came a shaggy lie-goat from the
+west over the face of the whole earth, with-
+out touching the ground ; and the goat had
+a sightly large'' hoi'n between his eyes.
+
+6 And he came as far as the ram that had
+two horns, that I had seen standing before
+the river, and ran at him with his furious
+power.
+
+7 And I saw him coming close unto the
+ram, and he became bitterly enraged against
+him, and he struck the ram, and broke his
+two horns; and there was no power in the
+ram to stand forward before him : and he casit
+him down to the ground, and stamped upon
+him; and there was no one to deliver the
+ram out of his hand.
+
+8 And the shaggy he-goat became very
+great; but wdien he was grown strong, the
+great horn was broken ; and there came up \
+four sightly large ones in its place toward '
+the four winds of heaven.
+
+9 And out of one of them came forth a
+little horn, which became exceedingly great,
+toward the south, and toward the east, and
+toward the glorious land."
+
+10 And it became great, even up to'' the
+host of the heavens ; and it cast down to
+the ground some of the host and of the stai-s,
+and trod them under foot.
+
+11 Yea, it magnified itself even up to
+the prince of the host, and by it" the conti-
+nual sacrifice was taken away, and the place
+of his sanctuary was cast down.
+
+12 And the host is' given up together with
+
+" Philippson, "he became ovcrbeariDg." Fiirst, "did
+great things;" so also verse 8, &c.
+
+'' Lit. "of sight," which strilces the eye; as given here,
+after Rashi, "large." Aben Ezra, "twisted."
+
+" Palestine.
+
+■^ Philippson, "against;" so also verse 11.
+
+" Herxhcimer, "and there was taken away from him
+(God) the continual sacrifice." Eashi again refers this to
+Titus; others, to Antiochus; Sa'adyah, to the Arabs who
+took Palestine from the Greco-Roman emperors,
+* 6 0
+
+
+the continual sacrifice, by reason of transg;- iv-
+sion : and it casteth down the truth to the
+ground, and it doth (this), and is prosper-
+ous.
+
+13 Then did I hear a certain holy one
+speaking, and a holy one said unto the un-
+known one who was speaking, For how long
+is the vision concerning the continual sacri-
+fice, and the wasting" transgression, to give
+up both the sanctuary and the host to ba
+trodden under foot?
+
+14 And he said unto me. Until two thou-
+sand and three hundred evenings and morn-
+ings, when the sanctuary shall be justified.''
+
+15 And it came to pass, when I, even I
+Daniel, saw the vision, and sought for under-
+standing, tliat, behold, there was standing o}>
+posite to me something like the appearance
+of a man.
+
+16 And I heard the voice of a man be-
+tween (the banks of) the Ulai, and it called,
+and said, Gabriel, cause this one to under-
+stand this appearance.
+
+17 So he came close to where I stood; and
+when he came, I was terrified, and I fell upon
+ray face; but he said unto me, Mark it well,
+
+0 son of man; because for the time of the
+end is the vision.
+
+18 Now as he was speaking with me, I fell
+down in amazement on my face to the ground ;
+but he touched me, and set me ujsright where
+
+1 had been standing.
+
+19 And he said. Behold, I will make known
+unto thee what is to be at the last end of the
+indignation ; for it is for the appointed time
+of the end.
+
+20 The ram that thou hast seen, him with
+the two horns, (signifieth) the kings of Media
+and Persia.
+
+21 And the shaggy he-goat is the king of
+Javan ; and the great horn which is between
+his eyes is the first king.
+
+22 But that it was broken, and that foiu-
+sprung up in its stead, (signifieth that) four
+
+' Herxheimer. Rashi, "Aud a period is set to the
+perpetual sacrifice," &c. Philippson, i'tysn "unto wick-
+edness," or "the wicked." Fiirst, "And a military
+watch was placed against tlie continual sacrifice in arro-
+gance." In the original there is a change in the con-
+struction, which has been preserved in this version.
+
+^ Rashi, "the dumb transgression," ;'. f. idolatry.
+
+'' Rashi explains, "when the iniquity of Israel shall be
+atoned for." Fiirst, "then shall the sanctuary be victo
+rious." Eng. ver. "cleansed."
+
+
+DANIEL Vlir. IX.
+
+
+kingdoms will sprinp up out of the nation,
+but not with" his po^/er.
+
+23 And in the latter time of their king-
+dom, when the transgressors have filled their
+measure of guilt,'' there will arise a king of
+an impudent iace, and understanding deep
+schemes.
+
+24 And his power will be mighty, but not
+by his own power;'' and he will ilestroy won-
+derfully, and will prosper wliile he doth
+(this) ; and he will destroy very many and
+the people of the saints.
+
+25 And through his intelligence, and be-
+cause he prospereth,'' is craftiness in his hand;
+and in his heart will he magnify himself, and
+in peace will he destroy many : he will also
+stand up against the Prince of princes; but
+without a human hand will he be broken.
+
+26 And the appearance of the evening and
+the morning which was spoken of is true ; but
+do thou keep the vision closed up; for it will
+come to pass after many days.
+
+27 And I Danie
+several days: afterward I rose np, and did
+the king's business; and I was depressed be-
+cause of the appearance ; but no one observed
+it.*
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ In the first 'year of Darius the son of
+Achashverosh, of the seed of the Medes, who
+was made king over the kingdom of the
+Chaldeans,
+
+2 In the first year of his reign, I Daniel
+searched in the books for uiiderstandino- con-
+
+o
+
+cerning the number of the years whereof the
+word of the Lord had come to Jeremiah the
+prophet, that he would let i)ass full seventy
+years over the ruins of Jerusalem.'
+
+3 And I directed my face unto the Lord
+God, to ask by prayer and supplications, with
+fa.sting, and in sackcloth, and ashes.
+
+4 And I prayed unto the Lord my God,
+and made my confession, and said, 0 Lord,
+the great and terrible God, who keepeth the
+covenant and kindness to those that love
+
+
+grieved, and was sick
+
+
+' Meaning, "they shall be inferior."
+
+'' llasihi, refen-ing to the wicked of Israel. Sa'adyah,
+"when the transgressore (the four kings) are passed
+away." Philippson renders as we do, but refers it, like
+Siv'adyah, to the wicked kings of the Greeks.
+
+° i. r. Strong through craft, not prowess. "And he will
+destroy very many," is rendered by others, "the mighty,''
+referring to the powerful nations as conipured with Tsraoi.
+'JOO
+
+
+him, and to those that kee}) his command
+ments :
+
+5 We have sinned, and have committed
+iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have
+rebelled, and have departed from thy com-
+mandments and from thy ordinances;
+
+6 Nor have we hearkened unto thy ser-
+vants the prophets, who spoke in thy name
+to our kings, our princes, and our fathers,
+and to all the people of the land.
+
+7 Thine, 0 Lord, is the righteousness, but
+unto us belongeth the shame of face, as it i.>.
+this day, — to the men of Judah, and to the
+inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel,
+those that are near, and those that are far
+ofl:', through all the countries whither thou
+hast driven them, because of their trespass
+which they have trespassed against thee.
+
+8 0 Lord, to us belongeth the shame of
+face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our
+fiithers; because we have sinned against thee.
+
+9 To the Lord our God belong merci-'s
+and pardonings ; for we have rebelled against
+him ;
+
+10 And we have not obeyed the voice of
+the Lord our God, to walk in his laws, which
+he set before us through means of his ser-
+vants the prophets.
+
+11 Yea, all Israel have transgressed thy
+law, and have departed so as not to obey thy
+voice: therefore was poured out over us the
+curse, with the oath that is written in the
+law of Moses the servant of God ; because we
+had sinned against him.
+
+12 And he hath accomplished his words,
+which he had spoken concerning us, and con-
+cerning our judges that judged us, by bring-
+ing upon us a great evil, which was never
+done under the whole heaven as it hath been
+done in Jerusalem.
+
+13 As it is written in the law of Moses;
+all this evil came over us : yet offered we not
+any entreaty before the Lord our (!od, to re-
+turn from our iniquities, and to become intel-
+ligent in tliy truth.
+
+14 Therefore did the Lord watch'^ over the
+
+
+■ '' Rashi. Others, "and through his intelligence lie
+will cause craftiness to prosper in his hand."
+
+" Rashi. Others, "I was astonished (or depressed) at
+the appearance, but no one understood it."
+
+' The seer was then in about the year 69 of this period,
+or one year before the reign of (lyrus, who gave the vr-
+mis.sion to rebuild the temple in his first year.
+
+^ Rashi, Sa'adyah, &c., "hastened with," i^e.
+
+
+DANIEL IX.
+
+
+evil, aiiil lie brought it upon us; for the Lord
+our (!()(1 is righteous becaui!'e of all his deeds
+which he hath done; but we have not olieyed
+his voice.
+
+1-5 And now, 0 Lord our God, who hast
+brought forth thy people out of the land of
+Egypt witli a strong hand, and hast made
+thyself a (great) name, as it is this day : we
+have sinned, we have done wickedly.
+
+16 0 Lord, according to all thy righteous-
+ness, I beseech thee, let thy anger and thy
+fury be turned away from thy city Jerusalem,
+thy holy mountain; because through our sins,
+and through the iniquities of our fathers, Je-
+rusalem and thy people are become a reproach
+to all who are round" about us.
+
+17 And now listen, 0 our God, to the
+prayer of thy servant, and to his supplica-
+tions, and cause thy face to shine upon thy
+sanctuary which is desolate, for the sake*" of
+the Lord.
+
+18 Incline, 0 my God, thy ear, and hear;
+open thy eyes, and look on our desolations,
+and the city whereupon thy name is called;
+for not (relying) on our acts of righteousness
+do we present humbly our supplications be-
+fore thee, but (relying) on thy great mercies.
+
+19 0 Lord, hear; 0 Lord, forgive; 0 Lord,
+hearken and do it ; delay it not ; for thy own
+sake, 0 my God; for thy name is called upon'
+thy city and upon thy people.
+
+20 And while I was yet speaking, and
+praying, and confessing my sin and the sin
+of my people Israel, and presenting my sup-
+plication humbly before the Lord my God be-
+cause of the holy mountain of my God:
+
+" Rrtshi; "our neighbours."
+"' Fiirst, "because thou art Lord."
+" /. e. Both are devoted to the acknowledgment of the
+Lord, and are the bearers of his law and worship. — Phi-
+
+LIPPSON.
+
+^ Rashi, literally, "made to fly in flying.'
+
+• Others, "to finish," as though it were nSjS "to bring
+to an end."
+
+' So the Kcrl; the K<;tiU, "to seal up."
+
+« Meaning, that prophecy and visions should be con-
+firmed throiTgh the glori'ius falfilment. Kashi conceives
+that the angel tells Daniel tiiat after the return of Israel
+to Palestine there should be another destruction by Titus,
+the captivity subsequent to which would be inflicted to re-
+move, through sufferings, the sins of Israel, after which
+the promised glory should be fully accomplished. An-
+cient Jewish writers thought that the second temple stood
+120 years, which with the 70 years of the Babylonian cap-
+tivity, make 490. But the moderns suggest, and among
+them Dr. Philippson, that the temple stood 600 years,
+
+
+21 Yea, wliile I was yet speaking in prayer,
+the man Galiriel, whom I had seen in the
+vision at the beginning, came, flying" swiftly,
+near me about the time of the evening obla-
+tion.
+
+22 And he gave me understanding, and
+spoke with me, and said, 0 Daniel, now am I
+come forth to make the intelligent with un-
+derstanding.
+
+23 At the begining of thy supplications
+the woi'd went forth, and I am come to tell
+it; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore
+uiiilerstand the matter, and have understand-
+ing of the appearance.
+
+1;'4 Seventy weeks are determined upon
+thy people and upon thy holy city, to close
+up" the transgression, and to make' an end
+of sins, ixnd to atone ibr inicpiity, and to bring
+in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up*
+the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the
+most holy thing.
+
+25 Know therefore and comprehend, that
+from the going forth of the word to restore
+and to build Jerusalem unto the anointed" the
+prince will be seven weeks: and during sixty
+and two weeks will it be again built with
+streets and ditches (around it), even in the
+pressure of the times.
+
+20 And after the sixty and two weeks
+will an anointed' one be cut off without ti
+successor to follow him: and the city and
+the sanctuary will the people of the prince
+that is coming destroy; but his end will come
+m a violent overthrow ; but until the end of
+the war devastations are decreed (against it)."
+
+27 And he will make a strong covenant
+
+
+wherefore the number 490 lacks 180 for their completion
+to the destruction by Titus. So also must this chrono-
+logy destroy the assumption that it terminates with the
+vulgar era, since there is no conceivable period from
+which the 70 weeks are to be computed to deduct them
+from 5:^0 years which elapsed from the permission of Cy-
+rus to restore Jerusalem till then. Dr. Philippson ac-
+cordingly thinks the period terminates with the downfall
+of Antiochus. But we cannot in this note go over all his
+calculations.
+
+^ Ra.-^hi and other commentators refer this to Cyrus,
+who after seven year-weeks and three years permitted
+Jerusalem to be built up, which afterward existed under
+all sorts of pressure from without, Persians, Greeks, and
+Romans.
+
+' After Rashi is this anointed Agrippa the last of t lo
+Herodian princes; Philippson, however, SaleucusPhilopa-
+tor, who was poisoned by .\ntiochus, and who then usurp-
+ed his goverment.
+
+' Rashi. explaining, "Jerusalem shall experience a de-
+
+907
+
+
+DANIEL IX. X.
+
+
+with tilt' many for oinr week; and in tlie half
+of the wtek will he cause the sacrifice and the
+oblation to cease, and this because of the pre-
+valence* of the abominations Avhich bringeth
+devastation, and until destruction and what
+is decreed shall be poured out upon the
+waster.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ]f In the third'' year of Cyrus the king
+of Persia a word was revealed unto Daniel,
+whose name was called Beltcshazzar; and the
+word is the truth, but the time appointed is
+long off:'' and he"* noted the word, and took
+notice of it in the appearance.
+
+2 In those days I Daniel was mourning
+three full weeks.
+
+3 Costly food did I not eat, and flesh and
+wine came not in my mouth, nor did I at all
+anoint myself, till three whole weeks were
+elapsed.
+
+4 Tf And on the four and twentieth day
+of the first month, while I was by the side
+of the great river, which is Chiddekel,
+
+5 I lifted up my eyes, and looked, and be-
+hold there was a certiiin man clothed in
+linen, and his loins were girded with fine
+gold of Uphaz ;'■
+
+6 And his body also was like the chryso-
+lite, and his face, like the appearance of
+lightning, and his eyes were like torches of
+fire, and his arms and his feet, like the colour
+of polished copper, and the sound of his words
+was like the noise of a inultitiide.
+
+7 And I Daniel saw alone this appearance;
+but the men that were with me did not see
+the appearance: nevei'theless a gi'eat terror
+fell upon them, so that they fled to hide
+themselves.
+
+8 And I was left Ijy myself alone, and I
+saw this great appearance, and there remain-
+ed no strength in me; and my healthy colour
+was changed on me into corruption, and I re-
+tained no strength.
+
+cree of desolation." Ftirst, "and till the end there is
+decreed war with desolation." Philippson, " and till the
+end there will be war, misery and wastings."
+
+" Ra.shi explains r|j3 "wing" with "what is high like
+the wing of a bird," lionee the prevalence or victory of
+idolatry. Philippson takes DOtyo as the nominative to
+ri'DK'' "the destroyer will cause to cease — because of the
+least touch of idol abominations," referring to tlie defiling
+rf the trinple by the idolatrous sacrifices of Anti.ichus.
+
+•" Jlashi remarks tli;;! this was the year when the ene-
+908
+
+
+9 Tlien heard I the sotmd of his word,-?;
+and as I heard the sound of his words, I tiank
+in amazement on my face, with my face t.'i
+ward the ground.
+
+10 And, behold, a hand touched me, flu-l
+it moved me upon my knees and the palmr
+of my hands.
+
+11 And he said unto me, O Daniel, the
+man greatly beloved, mark well the words
+that I speak unto thee, and stand on thy
+standing-place; for now have I been sent
+unto thee. And when he had spoken this
+word unto me, I stood up trembling.
+
+12 And he said unto me. Fear not, Daniel;
+for from the first day that thou didst set tlij
+heart to obtain understanding, and to fast be-
+fore thy God, were thy words heard: and I
+am come in consequence of thy words.
+
+13 But the prince of the kingdom of Per-
+sia stood up against me one and twenty daj?:
+but, lo, Michael, one of the chief prii;ces,
+came to help me; and I obtained the victory'
+there with the kings of Persia.
+
+14 Now am I come to make thee undsr
+stand what is to befiill thy people in the lat-
+ter days; for the vision is yet for the (com-
+ing) days.
+
+15 And when he spoke unto me such
+words, I directed my face toward the ground,
+and I became dumb.
+
+16 And, behold, something like the form
+of the sons of men touched my lips; and I
+opened my mouth, and I spoke, and said unto
+him that stood opposite to me, 0 my lord,
+because of the appearance my pains sudden-
+ly overcame me, and I have retainer: no
+strength.
+
+17 And how shall the servantof this raj lord
+be able to speak with this my lord? And as
+for me, from that moment there remained no
+strength in me, and no breath was left in me.
+
+18 Then there touched me again sorr.c-
+thing like the appearance of a man, and he
+strengthened me;
+
+niies of Judah induced the king to stop the builJir.g of
+the temple, (Ezra iv.;) hence Daniel's grief.
+
+' Kashi. Others, " it concerneth great trouble."
+
+■^ Kashi, "to understand the word and to note it."
+Philippson, "understand thou the word and understand it
+well in the appearance," as an address to the reader.
+
+' Rashi, "with a belt set with jewels." Fiirst, "juvi-
+fied gold."
+
+' Philipp.son, as in Gen. xlix. 4 Others, "! va^ leli
+behind."
+
+
+DANIEL X. XI.
+
+
+19 And he said. Fear not, 0 man great!}'
+beloved : peace be unto thee, be strong, 3ea., be
+strong. And when lie spoke with nie. I felt
+myself strengthened, and said. Let ni}- lord
+speak ; for thou hast strengthened me.
+
+20 Then said he, Knowest thou wherefore
+I am come unto thee? and now will I return
+to fight with the prince of Persia ; and as
+I am going forth, lo, the prince of Javan is
+coming.
+
+21 Nevertheless will I tell thee what is
+noted down in the writing of truth : — and
+there is none tliat holdeth with me (to as-
+sist me) against tliose, except Michael jour
+prince.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 ^f And I in the first year of Darius the
+Mede had my station to assist and to protect
+him.
+
+2 And now will I tell thee the truth. Be-
+hold, there will stand up yet three kings of
+Persia ; and the fourth will oljtain far greater
+riches tlian all (these) ; and when he is strong
+through liis riches will he stir up all, (name-
+ly,)" the kingdom of Javan.''
+
+3 And then will stand up a mighty king,
+who will rule with great dominion, and do
+according to his pleasure.
+
+4 And when he shall have stood, his kin"-
+dom will be broken, and will be divided to-
+ward the four winds of the heavens, and not
+to his posterity, nor according to his dominion
+vrhich he ruled; for his kingdom will be
+torn asunder, even for others beside tliose.
+
+5 And the king of the south will become
+strong, yea, he who is one of his princes; but
+(another) will become strong against him,
+and will rule: a great dominion will his domi-
+nion be.
+
+6 But at the end of (some) years will they
+associate themselves together; and the daugh-
+ter of the king of the south" will come to the
+king of the north to make a settlement of dif-
+ficulties; but she will not retain the power
+
+
+of the support;' neither will he stand, nci
+his support; but she will be given up, with
+those that had lirought her. and he tiiat l^e-
+gat her, and he that strengthened' her in
+those times.
+
+7 But there will stand up a sprout of her
+roots in his place, and he will come to the
+army, and will enter into the stronghold of
+the king of the north, and will doal with
+them, and prevail ;
+
+8 And also their gods with their molten
+images,' with their precious vessels of silver
+and of gold, will he carry into captivity to
+Egypt; and he will stand off^ some years
+from the king of the north.
+
+9 But this one will then enter the kingdom
+of the king of the south, and then return
+into his own land.
+
+10 But his sons will commence a war, and
+assemble a multitude of great armies; and
+one will certainly enter, and overflow, a?»-""
+pass along: then will he return, and mafet
+war again, even to his strong-hold.
+
+11 And the king of the south will be raov-
+ed with bitter wrath, and go forth .and fight
+with him, even with the king of the north :
+and he will set forth a great multitude; bat
+the multitude (of the other) will be gi-^i-n up
+into his hand.
+
+12 And the multitude will be lifled up,''
+and his heart will become pi-oud; and he Vvill
+Cia.st down myriads; liut he will not !x?
+strengthened by it.
+
+13 And the king of the north will return,
+and set forth a multitude greater than the
+former ; and at the end of the times, of years,
+will he certainly come with a great army
+and with much riches.
+
+14 And in those times many will stand
+up against the king of the south : also the re-
+bellious' sons of thy people will lift them-
+selves up to establish the vision; but they
+will stumble.
+
+15 And the king of the north will come,
+and cast up a mound, and capture the citv
+
+
+' Sa'adyah. Others, "he will stir up all against," &c.
+'■ Javan, Greece and its colonies. Alexander is de-
+scribed in the sequel.
+
+' South and north, signify Egypt and Syria.
+
+^ Lit. "arm," the symbol of strength.
+
+■■ PhilippsoD, "had taken her" (as wife). Commcnta-
+
+
+' Rashi, "princes."
+
+* /. e. Be at peace with him. Sa'adyah, "will coutinuo
+more years than," &c.
+
+'' Rashi. Abeii Ezra, "will be carried away," »'• e.
+the defeated Syrian army.
+
+' Sa'adyah, explaining, " who have rehollcd acraiiist
+
+
+tors agree that these kings were Ptolemy Philadelphus [j God." Many Jews joined Antioehus as tuough thus they
+pf Egypt, and Autiochus Tbeos of Syria. could bring aboitt the fulfilment of the go-J -onhocies
+
+
+DANIEL XI.
+
+
+defended by fortifications: and the arms of
+the south will not withstand, and as regard-
+etli his cho.sen jioople, there will l^e no power
+(in them) to withstand.
+
+16 But he that cometh against them will do
+according to his pleasure, and none will stand
+before him; and he will place him.self in the
+glorious land, which will be altogether'' in his
+hand.
+
+17 He will also direct his face to enter
+with the strength of his whole kingdom, hav-
+ing professions of peace'' with him ; and thus
+will he do it: and he will give him the
+daughter of his wife to destroy it;' but it will
+not stand, and it will not remain his.
+
+18 And he will direct his face unto the
+isles, and capture many; but a chieftain will
+cause to cease his reproach against him;
+without his giving back to him his*^ own re-
+proach.
+
+19 Then will he direct his face toward the
+strong-holds of his own land; but he will
+stumble and fall, and will no more be found.
+
+20 And there will stand up in his place one
+who will cause the exactor (of taxes) to pass"
+through the glorious (land) of the kingdom;
+but within a few days will he be broken, but
+not in anger, nor in battle.
+
+21 And there will stand up in his place a
+despicable*^ person, to whom they assigned not
+the honour of the kingdom; but he will come
+in quietly, and lay hold of the kingdom by
+Hatteries.
+
+22 And the powers of the overflow will he
+swept away from before him, and will be
+broken: yea, so also the prince in covenant
+(with him).
+
+2.3 And from the time of his as.sociating
+with him will he deal deceitfully; and he
+will come up, and obtain the victory with a
+small number of people.
+
+24 In quiet and into the fattest portion of
+the province will he enter; and he will do
+what his fathers have not done, nor his
+fothers' fathers: the prey, and spoil, and
+riches will he divide iVeely to them, and
+
+
+• llashi, "he will destroy it by bis armies."
+
+^ Abuu Ezra, as above, ver. 6. Ilasbi, "righteous ones
+
+with him."
+
+" i. e. The kingdom of the other; but he will have no
+
+success in this scheme.
+
+'' Fiirst, "that he will not repeat to him this reproach."
+' Rashi, "who will drive out," &c., alluding to the As-
+910
+
+
+agamst
+
+
+the strong-holds will he devise his
+plans, but only till a certain time.
+
+25 And he will then stir up his power and
+his courage^ against the king of the south
+with a great army: and the king of the south
+will prepare himself for the war with an ex-
+ceedingly great and mighty army; but he
+will not stand; for they will devise (evil)
+plans against him.
+
+26 Yea, they that eat of his food will
+bring his downfall,*" and the army of the
+other will overflow; and many will fall down
+slain.
+
+27 And as for both these kings, their heart
+is bent on mischief, and at one table will
+they speak lies ; but it shall not prosper ; for
+the end is jet for the time appointed.
+
+28 Then will he return into his land with
+great riches, and his heart will be against
+the holy covenant : and he will do it, and re-
+turn to his own land.
+
+29 At the time appointed will he return,
+and enter into the south; but not as in the
+former will it be in the latter time.
+
+30 For there will come against him the
+ships of Kittim; and he will become faint-
+hearted, and return, and will rage against
+the holy covenant; and he will do it: and
+he will return, and have an undei'standing
+with those that forsake the holy covenant.
+
+31 And army divisions will proceed from
+him, and they will defile the sanctuary, the
+fortress, and remove the continual sacrifice,
+and they will set up the desolating abomina-
+tion.
+
+32 And such as act wickedly again.st the
+covenant will he corrupt by flatteries; but
+the people that do know their God will be
+strong, and deal (valiantly).'
+
+33 And the intelligent among the people
+will impart understanding to many: yet they
+will stumble through the sword, and through
+flame, through captivity, and through being
+plundered for some time.
+
+34 But in their stumbling will they be
+aided with a little help; but many will join
+
+
+moneans, and the end of the family wars by which they
+were overthrown.
+
+' Antiochus Epiphanes, called also Epimanps, or mad-
+man, for his despicable conduct.
+
+8 Lit. "heart." " Lit. "will break liini."
+
+' llashi, "will lay hold of the fear of God, and act ac-
+cording to the law."
+
+
+DANIP]L XI. XII.
+
+
+tliemselves to tlicm witli deceptive flatte-
+ries.
+
+35 And some of tlie intelligent Avill t^tumlde,
+to make a purilieation among them, and to se-
+lect and to cleanse" them, until the time of the
+end; because it is yet for the time appointed.
+
+3G And the king will do according to his
+pleasure; and he will exalt and magnify him-
+self above every god, and against the God of
+gods will he speak incredible things, and he
+will prosper till the indignation be at an end;
+for that which is determined will be accom-
+pli.^hed.''
+
+37 And to the gods of his fathers will he
+pay no regard ; and to the desire of women.'
+or to any god whatever will he not pay an^-
+regard ; for above all will he magnify himself.
+
+38 But in liis place will he pay honour to
+the god of the fortresses;** and to a god whom
+his fathers knew not will he pay honour with
+gold, and silver, and \vith precious stones,
+and costly things.
+
+39 This will he do for the very strong for-
+tresses togetlier with the strange god: who-
+e\er will acknowledge him, him will he give
+much honour ; and he will cause such to rule
+over many, and he will divide out the land
+for a price.
+
+40 And at the time of the end will the
+king of the south push against him ; and the
+king of the north will come against him like
+a storm-wind, with chariots, and with horse-
+men, and with many ships; and he will enter
+into some countries, and will overflow and
+pass along.
+
+41 And he will enter into the glorious
+land, and much will be overthrown; but
+these will escape out of his hand, even Edom,
+and MoJib, and the first portion of the children
+of 'Amnion.
+
+42 And he will stretch forth his hand
+against some countries, and the land of
+Egypt will not escape.
+
+43 And he will have control over the
+treasures of gold and of silver, and over all
+
+
+' Lit. " make ■white," wash away impurities.
+
+' Sa'adj'ah. "and God accomplish the evil determined
+on (against the enemies of Israel.")
+
+" This is explained by modern commentators to be a fe-
+male deity worshipped at Ely mais,who,';e temple Antioehus
+endeavoured to plunder. Rashi explains, in part allegori-
+cally, "The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; — the con-
+gregation of Israel, called, 'the beautiful of women.' "Ac.
+
+
+the costly things of Egypt: and the Libyans
+and the Ethioi)ians will follow at his steps.
+
+44 But reports out of the east and out of
+the north will terrify him; and he will go
+forth with great fury to destroy, and to ex-
+terminate many.
+
+45 And he will pitch the tents'' of his pa-
+lace between seas and the glorious holy
+mountain; and he will come to his end, with-
+out one to help him.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 And at that time will Michael, the great
+prince who stiindeth for the children of thy
+people, stand forth; and there will be a time
+of distress, sueli as hath never been since the
+existence of any nation, until that same time;
+and at that time shall thy people be deli-
+vered, every one that shall be found written
+in the book.
+
+2 And many of those that sleep in the
+dust of the earth shall awake, some to ever-
+lasting life, and some to disgrace and e\'er-
+lasting abhorrence.
+
+3 And the intelligent shall shine brilliantly
+like the brilliance of the expanse (of the
+sky) ; and they that bring many to righteous-
+ness shall be like the stars, for ever and
+ever.
+
+4 -^ But thou, 0 Daniel, close up the
+words, and seal the book, until the time of
+the end : many will roam about,*^ yet shall
+knowledge be increased.
+
+5 Then I Daniel looked, and behold, there
+were two others standing, the one on this
+side of the bank of the stream, and the other
+on that side of the bank of the stream.
+
+6 And one said to the man clothed in
+linen, who was above the waters of the
+stream, IIow long shall it be to the end of
+these wonders?
+
+7 Then heard I the man clothed in linen,
+who was above the waters of the stream;
+and he lifted up his right hand and his left
+hand unto the heavens, and swore by the
+
+^ This is said to refer to the Capitolian idol, to which
+Antioehus commenced a temple in Antioehia; but which
+he did not complete.
+
+" Meaning, the royal tent of state which oriental rulers
+carried with them in their campaigns.
+
+' As in 'Amos viii. 12; they will seek, pcrhap.*, and
+not find divine knowledge; still will this gradually in-
+crease till it conquers the world. (Sec Isa. xi. 9, &c.}
+
+911
+
+
+EZRA I.
+
+
+Ererliving One that after a time, times, and
+a half, and when there shall be an end to
+the crushing of the power of the holy people,
+all these things shall be ended.
+
+8 And I heai'd indeed, but I understood it
+not: then said I, 0 my lord, what shall be
+the end'' of these things?
+
+9 And he said, Go {thy way), Daniel; for
+the words are closed up and sealed till the
+time of the end.
+
+10 Many shall be selected and cleansed,
+and purified; but the wicked will deal wick-
+
+
+|] edly, and none of the wicked will under-
+
+I stand; but the intelligent will understand.
+
+|[ 11 And from the time that the continual
+
+I I sacrifice will be removed, even to set up the
+!' desolating abomination, there will be a thou-
+;isand two hundred and ninety days.""
+
+12 Happy is he that waiteth, and attain-
+eth to the thousand three hundred and five
+and thirty days.
+
+13 But thou, go (thy way) toward the end;
+and thou shalt rest, and arise again for thy
+lot at the end of the days.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF EZRA,
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ And in the first year of Cyrus the
+king of Persia, at the time'' the word of the
+Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah was accom-
+plished, the Lord awakened the spirit of
+Cyrus the king of Persia ; and he caused a
+proclamation to be made tlu'oughout all his
+kingdom, and also by means of writing, say-
+
+2 Thus hath said Cyrus the king of Per-
+sia, All the kingdoms of the earth hatli the
+Lord the God of Eeaven given unto me ; and
+he hatli directed me to build for him a house
+at Jerusalem, which is in Judah.
+
+3 Whoever among you that is of all his
+])eople, may his God be with him, and let
+liim go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah,
+and build the house of the Lord the God of
+Israel, he is the God who" is in Jerusalem.
+
+4 And whosoever remiiineth" out of any
+place where he hath sojourned, him shall the
+men of his place assist with silver, and with
+gold, and with goods, and with beasts, beside
+
+• Philippson, "consequence," or "result."
+
+'' This verse is supposed to refer to the time during
+
+which the temple was desecrated by Antiochus, till its re-
+
+ledication, and the next verse to the death of Antiochus.
+
+Though the chronologists are not very clear on the last
+
+point.
+
+913
+
+
+the freewill offering for the house of God
+which is in Jerusalem.
+
+5 Then rose up the chiefs of the divisions
+of Judah and Benjamin, and the priests, and
+the Levites, with all those whose sj^irit God
+had awakened, to go ujs to build the house
+of the Lord which is in Jerusalem.
+
+6 And all those that were round about
+them supplied them*^ with vessels of silver,
+with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and
+with precious things, beside all that was will-
+ingly oftered.
+
+7 ^ Also king Cyrus brought forth the
+vessels of the house of the Lord, which
+Nebuchadnezzar had Ijrought away out of
+Jerusalem, and had placed in the house of
+his god :
+
+8 Even these did Cyrus the king of Persia
+bring forth through tlie liand of Mithredath
+the treasurer, and counted them out unto
+Sheshbazzar the prince tor Judah.
+
+9 And tliis is their number : Thirty chargers^
+of gold, a thousand chargers of silver, nine
+and twenty knives,
+
+
+° Rashi. Others, "that the word of the Lord by the
+mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled."
+
+■^ Aben Ezra, "which," referring to "house."
+" llashi and Aben Ezra explains, "out of poverty."
+' Lit. "strengthened (them) by their hands."
+» !. e. Basins, to hold the blood of saci'iliceti,
+
+
+EZRA I. IT.
+
+
+10 Thirty cups of gold, silver cups of a
+second degree four hundred and ten, other
+vessels a thousand.
+
+11 All the vessels of gold and of silver
+were five thousand and four hundred. All
+these did Sheshbazzar" bring up with the
+exiles that were brought up from Babylon
+unto Jerusalem.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 ^ Now these are the children of the
+province who went up out of the captivity of
+the exiles, whom, Nebuchadnezzar the king of
+Babylon had carried away into exile unto
+Babylon, and who returned unto Jerusalem
+and Judah, every one unto his city;
+
+2 Who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua',
+Nehemiah, Serayah, Re'elayah, Mordecai. Bil-
+shan,Misspar, Bigvai, Rechum, Baanah. The
+number of the men of the people of Israel
+was :''
+
+3 The children of Par'osh, two thousand
+one hundred seventy and two.
+
+4 The children of Shephatyah, three hun-
+dred sevent}' and two.
+
+5 The children of Arach, seven hundred
+seventy and five.
+
+6 The children of Pachath-moab, of the
+children of Jeshua' and Joab, two tliousand
+eight hundred and twelve.
+
+7 The children of 'P]lam, one thousand two
+hundred fifty and four.
+
+8 The children of Zattbn. nine hundred
+and forty and five.
+
+9 The children of Zaccai, seven liundred
+and sixty.
+
+10 The children of Bani. six hundred forty
+and two.
+
+11 The children of Bebai, six hundred
+twenty and three.
+
+12 The children of 'Azgad, one thousand
+two hundred twenty and two.
+
+13 The children of Adonikam, six hundred
+sixty and six.
+
+14 The children of Bigvai, two thousand
+fifty and six.
+
+
+* Aben Ezra supposes this to be Zerubbabel's name in
+Chaldeau.
+
+^ Pbilippson observes that Nehemiah (Heb. AWJicni-
+j/ah,) and Mordecai were evidently not the two cele-
+brated characters. Also that there is a di.-;crepancy be-
+tween the names here given and in Nehemiah vii. ; as also
+ip the numbers, which here are 29,818, there 31,089,
+5 V
+
+
+15 The children of 'Adin, lour hundred
+fifty and four.
+
+iC The children of Ater of Hezekiah,
+ninety and eight.
+
+17 The children of Bezai, three hundred
+twenty and three.
+
+18 The children of Jorah, one hundred
+and twelve.
+
+19 The children of Chashum, two hundred
+twenty and three.
+
+20 The children of Gibbar, ninety and
+five.
+
+21 The people'' of Beth-lechem, one hun-
+dred twenty and three.
+
+22 The men of Netophah, fifty and six.
+
+23 The men of 'Anathoth, one hundred
+twenty and eight.
+
+24 The people of 'Azmaveth, forty and
+two.
+
+25 The people of Kiryath-'arim, Kephirah,
+and Beeroth, seven hundred and forty and
+three.
+
+26 The people of Ramali and Geba', six
+hundred twenty and one.
+
+27 The men of Michmass, one hundred
+twenty and two.
+
+28 "The men of Beth-el and 'Ai, two hun-
+dred twentv and tliree.
+
+29 The people of Nebo, fifty and two.
+
+30 The children of Magbish, one hundred
+fifty and six.
+
+31 The children of the other 'Elani, one
+thousand two hundred fifty and four.
+
+32 The children of Charim, three liundred
+and twenty.
+
+33 The people of Lod, Chadid. and Ono,
+seven hundred twenty and five.
+
+34 The people of Jericho, three hundred
+forty and five.
+
+35 The people of Senaiih, three thousand
+and six hundred and thirty.
+
+36 The priests were: The children of Jeda'-
+yah, of the house of Jeshua', nine hundred
+seventy and three.
+
+37 The children of Imnier, one thousand
+fifty and two.
+
+
+when added together, while the total number is given as
+42,360. There must therefore be some omissions in the
+lists, and perhaps some minor families have been left out.
+" It will be observed that from this verse to 34 the
+towns are mostly mentioned instead of the parents; there-
+fore we have rendered "J3 with " people" instead of chil-
+dren,
+
+913
+
+
+EZRA II.
+
+
+38 The children of Pashchur, one thousand
+two hundred forty and seven.
+
+39 The children of Charini, one thousand
+and seventeen.
+
+40 The Levites were: The children of
+Jesluia' and Kadmiel, of the children of
+Hodavyah, seventy and four.
+
+4>1 The singers were: The children of As-
+saph, one hundred twenty and eight.
+
+42 The children of the gate-keepers were:
+The children of Shallura, the children of Ater,
+the children of Talmon, the children of 'Ak-
+kub, the children of Chatita, the children of
+Shobai, in all one hundred thirty and nine.
+
+43 The temple-servants" were: The children
+of Zicha, the children of Chassupha, the chil-
+dren of Tal)l»a'oth,
+
+44 The children of Keross, the children of
+Si'aha, the children of Padon,
+
+45 The children of Lebanah, the children
+of Chagabah, the children of 'Akkub,
+
+46 The children of Chagab, the children
+of Shalmai, the children of Chanan,
+
+47 The children of Giddel, the children of
+Gachar, the children of Rea3ah,
+
+48 The children of Eezin, the children of
+Nekoda, the children of Gazzam,
+
+49 The children of 'Uzza, the children of
+Paseiich, the children of Bessai,
+
+50 The children of Assnah, the children of
+Me'unim, the children of Nephussim,
+
+51 The children of Bakbuk, the children
+of Chakupha, the children of Charchur,
+
+52 The children of Bazluth, the children
+of Mechida, the children of Charsha,
+
+58 The children of Barkoss, the children
+of Sissera, the children of Thamach,
+
+54 The children of Neziach, the children
+of Chatipha.
+
+55 The children of Solomon's servants
+Avere: The children of Sotai, the children of
+Sophereth, the children of Peruda.
+
+56 The children of Ja'alah, the children
+of Darkon, the children of (liddel,
+
+57 The children of She})hatyah, the chil-
+dren of Chattil, the children of Pochereth-
+hazzebayim, the children of Ami.
+
+58 All the temple-servants, and the chil-
+
+
+' Heb Nethinim.
+
+^ Tliis evidently Persian word is said to mean "ruler,"
+or "governor," from lorsli, "the strong." Some su])[)ose
+it to be Nehemiiih; but was more probably Zerubbabel.
+914
+
+
+dren of Solomon's servants, were three luui-
+dred and ninety and two.
+
+59 ^ And these are those who went up from
+Thel-melach, Thel-charsha, Kerub, Addan,
+and Immer; but they could not tell their
+family division, and their descent, whether
+they were of Israel :
+
+60 The children of Delayah, the children
+of Tobiyah, the children of Nekoda, six hun-
+dred fifty and two.
+
+61 And of the children of the priests:
+The children of Chabayah, the children of
+Ilakkoz, the children of Barzillai, who had
+taken a wife from the daughters of Bar-
+zillai the Gil'adite, and was called after their
+name.
+
+62 These sought Inr their family-registers,
+but they were not found : wherefore they
+were excluded, as unfit, from the priesthood.
+
+63 And the Thirshatha'' said unto them,
+that they should not eat of the most holy
+things, till there should stand up a priest with
+the Urini and Thunnnim.
+
+64 The whole congregation together was
+forty and two thousand three hundred and
+sixty."
+
+65 Besides their men-servants and their
+maid-servants, of whom there were seven
+thousand three hundred thirty and seven :
+they had also two hundred singing men and
+singing women.
+
+66 Their horses were -scA'cn hundred thirty
+and six; their mules, two hundred forty and
+five;
+
+67 Their camels, four hundred thirty and
+five; their asses, six thousand seven hundred
+and twenty.
+
+68 ^ And some of the chiefs of the divi-
+sions, when they came to the house of the
+Lord which is at Jerusalem, oftered freewill
+gifts for the house of God to set it up in its
+place :
+
+69 After their ability they gave unto the
+treasure for the woi'k sixty and one thousand
+drachms'" of gold, and five thousand manehs
+of silver, and one hundred coats for the
+priests.
+
+70 Tl And the priests, and the Levites,
+
+
+" Philippson, deeming the men alnne enumerated, sup-
+poses the whole to amount to about '200,000 souls.
+
+'' The Persian Darike, from I)ara and Kaman, "tbg
+king's bow," either of gold or silver. Heb, Parkeiiion.
+
+
+EZRA II. III. IV.
+
+
+and some of the people, and the .singers, and
+tlie gate-keepers, and the temple-servants,
+dwelt in their cities, and all Israel in their
+cities.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 And when the seventh month drew near,
+and the children of Israel were in the cities,
+the people gathered themselves together as
+one man to Jerusalem.
+
+2 Then arose Jeshua' the son of Jozadak,
+and his brethren the priests, and Zerubliabel
+the son of Sheiilthiel, and his brethren, and
+they built the altar of the God of Israel, to
+ofier thereon burnt-oflerings, as it is written
+in the law of Moses the man of God.
+
+3 And they erected the altar uyion its
+foundations; for there was fear" upon them
+because of the people of these countries; and
+they ofiered thereon burnt-ofierings unto the
+Lord, burnt-oflferings at morning and at even-
+ing.
+
+4 And they celebrated the feast of taber-
+nacles, as it is written, and (offered) the daily
+burnt-ofierings by number, according to the
+prescribed manner, the offering of every day
+on its day;
+
+5 And afterward the continual burnt-ofier-
+ing, and that for the new moons, and for all
+the feasts of the Lord that are hallowed, and
+that of every one who willingly offered a free-
+will offering unto the Lord.
+
+6 From the first day of the seventh month
+began the^y to ofier JKirnt-offerings unto the
+Lord: although the foundation of the temple
+of the Lord had not yet been laid.
+
+7 Then did the}' give money unto the ma-
+sons, and to the carpenters; and food, and
+drink, and oil, unto the Zidonians and Ty-
+rians, to bring cedar-trees from the Lebanon
+by sea to Joppa,'' according to the permission
+of Cj'rus the king of Persia for them.
+
+8 ^ And in the second year of their com-
+ing unto the house of God at Jerusalem, in
+the second month, did Zerubbabel the son of
+SheiUthiel, and Jeshua' the son of Jozadak,
+and the remainder of their brethren the
+priests and the Levites, and all they that
+were come out of the captivity unto Jerusa-
+
+* Kashi explains, that they built the altar before the
+temple, so that the non-lM-aelites should have no cause
+to calumniate them, as their whole intention was evidently
+merely to restore the worship.
+
+
+lem make a beginning; and they appointed
+the Levites, from twenty years old and up-
+wai'd, to superintend" the work of the liouse
+of the Lord.
+
+9 Then stood forward Jeshua' with his
+sons and his brethren, Kadmiiil and his sons,
+the sons of Judah, as one man, to superintend
+the workmen in the house of God ; (also)
+the sons of Chenadad. their sons and their
+brethren the Levites.
+
+10 And Avhen the builders laid the founda-
+tion of the temple of the Lord, they placed
+the priests in their apparel with trumpets,
+and the Levites the sons of Assapli Avith
+cjinbals, to praise the Lord, after the manner
+of David the king of Israel.
+
+11 And they sang responsively in praise
+and thanksgiving unto the Lord; Ijecause he
+is good, for unto everlasting endureth his
+kindness toward Israel. And all the people
+shouted with a great shout, while praising
+the Lord ; because the foundation of the
+house of the Lord had been laid.
+
+12 But many of the priests and Levites
+and chiefs of the divisions, the aged, who had
+seen the first house, when the foundation of
+this house was laid before their eyes, wept
+with a loud voice, while many, shouting for
+joy, raised aloud their voice:
+
+13 So that the people could not distinguish
+the noise of the shout of joy from the noise
+of the weeping of the people; for the people
+shouted with a loud shout, and the noise was
+heard ever so far off'.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ Now when the adversaries of Judah
+and Benjamin heard that the children of the
+exile w-ere building the temple unto the Lord
+the God of Israel :
+
+2 Then came they near to Zerubbabel, and
+to the chiefs of the divisions, and said unto
+them, Let us build with you; for like 30U
+will we seek your God; and unto him'' do we
+sacrifice since the days of Essar-chaddon the
+king of Asshur, who hath brought us up
+hither.
+
+3 But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua', and the
+rest of the chiefs of the divisions of Israel,
+
+" Heb. Yaplw.
+
+' Eashi, as in Psalm, nsjoS "to chaunt at," fee.
+^ So the Kcri; the Ki:lib nSi "and not" n.juld require
+"for we do not sacrifice."
+
+U16
+
+
+EZRA IV.
+
+
+paid unto them, It is not obligator}^ on you and
+on us to build a house unto our God ; but we
+ourselves together must build unto the Lord
+the God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of
+Persia hath commanded us.
+
+4 Then did the people of the land weaken
+the hands of the people of Judah, and fright-
+ened them off from building ;
+
+5 And they hired against them counsellors,
+to frustrate their purpose, all the days of
+Cyrus the king of Persia, and even until the
+reio'u of Darius the kin"' of Persia.
+
+6 ^ And in the reign of Achashverosh," in
+the beginning of his reign, they wrote an ac-
+cusation against the inhabitants of Judah
+and Jerusalem.
+
+7 ][ And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote
+Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of
+their companions, unto Artaxerxes the king
+of Persia: and the writing of the letter was
+written in Aramic, and interpreted in Ara-
+mic.
+
+8 ^ Rechum the counsellor and Shimshai
+the scribe wrote a certain letter against Jeru-
+salem to Arta.xerxes the king, as folio weth :
+
+9 Then (wrote) Rechum the counsellor,
+and Shimshai the sci'ibe, and the rest of their
+companions, from Din, and Apharsathach,
+Tarpel, Apharass, Erech, Babylon, Shushan,
+Dehav, and 'Elam,
+
+10 And the rest of the nations whom the
+great and honoured Assuapper had Ijrought
+into exile, and settled in the cities of Sama-
+ria, and the rest that are on this side the
+river, and so forth.''
+
+11 ^ This is the copy of the letter which
+they sent unto him, even unto king Ar-
+taxerxes : Thy servants the men on this side
+the river, and so forth.
+
+12 ^ Be it made known unto the king,
+that the Jews who removed away from thee
+are come up to us unto Jerusalem : they are
+building the rebellious and the bad city, and
+are completing the walls, and are joining toge-
+ther the foundations.
+
+18 Be it now known unto the king, that,
+if this city be rebuilt, and the walls be com-
+pleted, they will not give tax, tribute, and
+
+
+° Pliilippson suggests that Achaslivcnisli here spoken
+of i,s the I'seiido-Siiicrdis, who reigiK'd a short time after
+(^ainbyses, here called Ar/drJis/mxhlJi, Artaxerxes. Fiir.st,
+however, reverses this order.
+
+'' Fiirst. llashi, Kc'imtli, as ihe name of a plaee.
+91G
+
+
+toll, and the royal revenues wiU suffer
+damage.
+
+14 Now because we eat the salt" of the
+palace, and it is not jsroper for us to see the
+king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and
+let the kijis; know this:
+
+15 That search may be made in ihe book
+of the memorable events of thy fathers, and
+thou wilt find in the book of the memorable
+events, and know that this city is a rebellious
+city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces,
+and that they have practised sedition within
+the same from the most ancient time; for
+which cause this city was destroyed.
+
+16 We let the king know that, if this city
+be rebuilt, and its walls be completed, by this
+means thou wilt have no more any portion
+on this side of the river.
+
+17 ][ Then sent the king a reply unto
+Rechum the counsellor, and to Shimshai the
+scribe, and to the rest of their companions
+that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest of
+those beyond the river. Peace,'' and so forth.
+
+18 The letter which ye have sent unto us
+hath been plainly read before me.
+
+19 And an order was given by me, and
+search was made, and it was found that this
+city from the most ancient time hath lifted
+itself up against kings, and that rebellion and
+sedition have been practi.'^ed therein.
+
+20 Arid that mighty kings have been over
+Jerusalem, who ruled over all the countries
+beyond the river; and that tax, tribute, and
+toll was given unto them.
+
+21 Now give ye the order to stop these
+men, and this city shall not be built, until
+the order be given from me.
+
+22 Take heed now that ye commit no
+error in this: that not any injury may grow
+(out of this) to the damage of the kings.
+
+23 ^ Thereupon so soon as the copy of
+king Artaxerxes' letter Avas read before Re-
+chum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their
+companions, they did go up in haste to Jeru-
+salem unto the Jews, and stopped them by
+force and power.
+
+24 Then was stopped the work of the
+house of God which is at Jerusalem, and it
+
+
+° This term signifies among the Persians and Hindoos
+to he in some one's semce, and to derive support from
+him.
+
+^ Otiii'rs take ztiw not as peace, but as the name of ;v
+placi', iSlt'/ain.
+
+
+EZRA IV. V. VI.
+
+
+reinaiiu'd interrupted until the second year
+of the reiiiii of Darius tlie kin"' of Persia.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ Then prophesied Ilaggai the prophet,
+and Zechariah the son" of 'Iddo, the prophets,
+unto the Jews tliat were in Judah and Jeru-
+salem, in the name of the God of Israel, con-
+cerning them.
+
+2 Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of
+Shealthiel, and Jeshua' the son of Jozadak,
+and began to build the house of God which is
+in Jerusalem; and with them were the pro-
+phets of God helping them.
+
+3 At the same time came to them Thath-
+nai, the governor on this side of the river,
+and Shethar-bozenai, and their companions,
+and thus they said unto them, " Wlio hath
+given you an order to build this house, and
+to complete these walls ?"
+
+4 Then said we unto them after this man-
+ner, what are the names of the men that
+erect this building.*
+
+5 But the e^e of their God was upon the
+elders of the Jews, so that the}- did not stop
+them, till the matter came to Darius; and
+they then returned an answer by letter con-
+cerning this.
+
+6 A copy of the letter which Thathnai,
+the governor on this side of the river, and
+Shethar-bozenai, and his companions, the
+Apharsachites, who were on this side of the
+river, .sent unto king Darius.
+
+7 They sent a report unto him, and thus
+was it wi'itten therein : Unto king Darius be
+all peace.
+
+8 Be it known unto the king, that we went
+into the province of Judah, to the house of
+the great God, which they are building with
+heavy stones, and timber is laid in the walls,
+and this work is urged with speed, and it
+prospereth in their hands.
+
+9 Then asked we these elders, and after
+this manner said we unto them. Who hath
+given you the order to build this house, and
+to complete these walls?
+
+10 Also their names did we ask of them,
+to let thee know them, that we might write
+
+
+' i". e. The grandson, his father being Berechyah. The
+father's name is often omitted in Bible genealogies.
+
+•■ Philippson. Fiirst, after ]{ashi, "They also spoke to
+them in the same manner, Who are these men," &c.
+
+" Ekbatana, the summer residence of the Persian kings;
+
+
+down the names of the men that aiv at their
+head.
+
+11 ^ And in this manner did they retm-n
+us answer, sa3ing, We are the servants of the
+God of heaven and earth, and we build the
+house that was built before this many .years,
+and a great king of Israel built and com-
+pleted it.
+
+12 But since our fiithers had provoked the
+God of heaven unto wrath, he gave them up
+into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of
+Babylon, the Chaldean, and he destroyed this
+house, and carried the })eople as exiles into
+Babylon.
+
+13 However, in the tirst year of Cyrus the
+king of Babylon, king Cyrus gave an order
+to build this hou.se of God.
+
+14 And also the vessels of gold and silver
+of the house of God, wliich Nebuchadnezzar
+had taken out of the temple that was in Jeru-
+salem, and Ijrought into the temple of Baby-
+lon, these did king Cyrus take out of the
+temple of Babylon, and gave them unto one,
+Sheshbazzar by name, whom he had ap-
+pointed as governor;
+
+15 And he said unto him, Take these ves-
+sels, go, carry them into the temple which
+is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be
+built on its site.
+
+16 Tl Then came this same Sheshbazzar,
+(and) laid the foundation of the house of God
+which is in Jerusalem; and from that time
+even until now they have been building it,
+but it is not yet finished.
+
+17 And now, if it seem good to the king,
+let search be made in the king's treasure-
+house, which is there at Babylon, whether it
+be so, that an t)rder was given by king Cyrus
+to build this house of God at Jerusalem, and
+let the king send to us his pleasure concern-
+ing this matter.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 ^ Then gave king Darius an order, that
+they should make search in the house of the
+books, Avhere the treasures were laid up there
+in Babylon.
+
+2 And there was found at Achmetha," in
+
+
+the decree was found there, not in Babylon — -Cyrus hav-
+ing perhaps issued it from the former, or it was traii,s-
+ferred there when the records were removed. Rashi ren-
+ders Achnie/ha with "closet," or "vessel," in which
+records were preserved.
+
+917
+
+
+EZRA VI.
+
+
+the castle that is in the province of Media, a
+roll, and therein was thus written: A record."
+
+3 Tl In the first year of king Cyrus, king
+Cyrus gave an order concerning the house of
+God at Jerusalem, Let the house be built, the
+place where they used to oflTer sacrifices, and
+let its foundations he strongly laid: its height
+shall be sixty cubits, its breadth sixty cubits,
+
+4 With three rows of heavy stones, and a
+row of new timber; and let the expenses be
+given out of the king's house.
+
+5 And also let the golden and silver ves-
+sels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnez-
+zar took away out of the temple which is in
+Jerusalem, and brought unto Babylon, be re-
+stored, and brought back unto the temple
+which is in Jerusalem, every one to its place,
+and let them be put in the house of God.
+
+6 T[ Now Thathnai, governor beyond the
+river, Shethar-bozenai, and your companions
+the Apharsacliites, who are beyond the river,
+be ye far from there :
+
+7 Let the work of this house of God alone;
+let the governor of the Jews and the elders
+of the Jews build this house of God on its
+site. "====
+
+8 And by me is the order given what ye
+shall do to the elders of these Jews for the
+building of this house of God, that out of the
+king's property, arising out of the tax beyond
+the river, the expenses shall forthwith be
+given unto these men, that they be not hin-
+dered.
+
+9 And what they have need of, both young
+bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burn1>
+offerings unto the God of heaven, wheat, salt,
+wine, and oil, according to the requirement
+of the priests who are at Jerusalem, shall be
+given unto them day by day, without fail:
+
+10 That they may offer sacrifices of sweet
+savours unto the God of heaven, and pray for
+the life of the king and of his sons.
+
+11 Also is by me the order given, that if
+any man should alter this command, timber
+shall be pulled down from his house, and be-
+ing set up, he shall be hanged thereon; and
+his house shall be made a dunghill for this.
+
+12 And may the God that causeth his
+name to dwell there cast down every king
+
+' So Fiirst; /. p. the record bore this inscription.
+Others, "wus written as a record."
+'' llerxheinier explains, " this decree."
+° Chald. Arliichsliiixh.th, Artaxcrxos TjdiiirlniMnus, the
+'JJ8
+
+
+and people that will stretch forth their hand
+to alter,'' to destroy this house of God which
+is in Jerusalem. I Darius have given the
+order: let it be done speedily.
+
+13 ^ Then did Thathnai the governor on
+this side of the river, Shethar-bozenai, and their
+companions, in accordance with what king
+Darius had sent, act in this manner speedily.
+
+14 And the elders of the Jews built, and
+they prospered, through the proishesying of
+Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son
+of 'Iddo. And they built, and completed it,
+according to the order of the God of Israel,
+and according to the order of Cj'rus, and Da-
+rius, and Artaxerxes" the king of Persia.
+
+15 And this house was finished on the
+third day of the month Adar, which was in
+the sixth 3ear of the reign of king Darius.
+
+16 Then celebrated the children of Israel,
+the priests, and the Levites, and the rest of
+the children of the exile, the dedication of
+this house of God with joy;
+
+17 And they offered for the dedication of
+this house of God one hundred bullocks, two
+hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and for a
+sin-offering for all Israel, twelve he-goats, ac-
+cording to the number of the tribes of Israel.
+
+18 And they stationed the priests in their
+orders, and the Levites in their divisions, for
+the service of God, which is in Jerusalem, as
+it is written in the book of Moses.
+
+19 ^ And the children of the exile pre-
+pared the passover- (sacrifice) on the four-
+teenth day of the first month.
+
+20 For the priests and the Levites had
+purified themselves, as one man were all of
+them clean; and they slaughtered the pass-
+over-sacrifice for all the children of the exile,
+and for their brethren the priests, and for
+themselves.
+
+21 And then did the children of Israel, who
+were returned out of the exile, and all such
+as had separated themselves unto them from
+the uncleanness of the nations of the earth,
+to seek the Lord the God of Israel, eat thereof.
+
+22 And they celebrated the feast of un-
+leavened bread seven days with joy; for the
+Lord had made them joyful, and had turned
+the heart of the king of Asshur toward them,
+
+second successor of Darius Hystaspis. Perhaps the king
+here named was Xerxes, as Longimanus became king
+about of) years after this time; consequently the temple
+WHS completed by Zernbbabcl before his accessiou.
+
+
+EZEA VI. VIT.
+
+
+to strengthen tlieir liaiuls in the work of the
+house of God, the God of Israel.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 •' And after tliese things, in the reign
+of Artaxerxes the king of Persia, 'Ezra" the
+son of Serajah, the son of 'Azaryah, the son
+of Chilkiyah,
+
+2 The son of Shallum, the son of Zadok,
+the son of Achitub,
+
+3 The son of Amaryah, the son of 'Azar-
+yah, the son of Merayoth,
+
+4 The son of Zeraehyah, the son of "Uzzi,
+the son of Bukki,
+
+5 The son of Abishua', the son of Phine-
+has, the son of Elazar, the son of Aaron the
+chief priest :
+
+6 This 'Ezra went up from Babylon ; and
+he was a practised expounder'' in the law of
+Moses, which the Lord the God of Israel hath
+given; and the king gave him, according to
+the hand of the Lord his God upon him, all
+his request.
+
+7 And there went up some of the children
+of Israel, and of the priests, and tlie Levites,
+and the singers, and the gate-keepers, and
+the temple-servants, unto Jerusalem, in the
+seventh year of king Artaxerxes.
+
+8 And he came to Jerusalem in the fifth
+month, which was in the seventh year of the
+king.
+
+9 For on the first day of the first month
+was the commencement of the expedition
+from Babylon, and on the first day of the
+fifth month came he to Jerusalem, according
+to the good hand of his God upon him.
+
+10 For 'Ezra had directed his heart to in-
+quire in the law of the Lord, and to do it,
+and to teach in Israel statutes and ordi-
+nances.
+
+11 ^ Now this is the copy of the letter
+wliich king Artaxerxes gave unto 'Ezra the
+priest, the expounder of the law, the ex-
+pounder of the words of the commandments
+of the Lord, and of his statutes for Israel.
+
+12 Artaxerxes, the king of kings, unto
+
+
+'Ezra the priest, the expounder of the law of
+the God of heaven, the perfect, and so forth.
+
+13 By me is the order given, that every
+one who is freely willing in my kingdom out
+of the people of Israel, and their priests and
+Levites, to go up to Jerusalem, may go up
+with thee;
+
+14 Forasmuch as tliou art sent on the
+part of the king, and of his seven counsellors,
+to make inquiry concerning Judah and Jeru-
+salem, according to the law of thy God which
+is in thy hand ;
+
+15 And to carry the silver and gold, which
+the king and his counsellors have freely offer-
+ed unto the God of Israel, whose habitation
+is in Jerusalem,
+
+16 And all (freewill offerings of) silver and
+gold that thou canst find in all the province
+of Baliylon, with the freewill ofl'erings which
+the people and the priests offer willingly for
+the house of their God which is in Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+17 Therefore mayest thou buy speedily
+with this money bullocks, rams, lambs, with
+their meat-offerings and their drink-ofi'erinus,
+and ofier them upon the altar of the liouse
+of your God Avhich is in Jerusalem.
+
+18 And whatsoever shall seem good to
+thee, and to thy brethren, to do with the
+rest of the silver and the gold, that do ac-
+cording to the will of your God.
+
+19 And the vessels which have been given
+unto thee for the service of the house of thy
+God, deliver thou before the God of Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+20 And the remainder that will j-et be
+needful for the house of thy God, which thou
+shalt have occasion to procure," procure out
+of the king's treasure-house.
+
+21 And by me, me king Artaxerxes, is tlie
+order given unto all the treasurers who are
+beyond the river, that whatsoever 'Ezra the
+priest, the expounder of the law of the God
+of heaven, may demand of you, shall be done
+speedily,
+
+22 Up to one hundred talents of silver,
+
+
+° According to Zunz's chruuologieal tables, there elapsed '' Rashi. Lit. "scribe," but the word nijlD soj^ihcr,
+58 years between the finishing of the temple under Zerub- I though often meaning secretary or scribe, signifies also
+babel and Zeehariah and their associates to the inmiigra- I, one learned in religion; the word frequently occurring in
+tion of 'Ezra under Arthachahasth, as he is called here. !' the Mishnah □''laiO "the learned," or "scholars;" but it
+But Kashi makes him identical with Darius — Arlhach- is also possible that 'Ezra was a state secretary to the
+shasth being taken as a general appellation of the Persian ' Persian king, wherefore he was sent to Judah.
+kings; and others deem 'Ezra identical with Malachi. ° Lit. "to give," " (o pay out."
+
+919
+
+
+EZRA VII. VIII.
+
+
+and up to one liundred cor.s of wheat, and up
+to one hundred baths of wine, and up to one
+hundred baths of oil, and salt without pre-
+scribing it.
+
+23 Whatsoever is ordered by the God of
+heaven shall be carefully done for the house
+of the God of heaven ; for why should there
+be wrath against the kingdom of the king
+and his sons?
+
+24 And to you make we it known, that on
+any of the priests and Levites, singers, gate-
+keepers, and temple-servants, or ministers of
+this house of God, no one shall be empowered
+to impose any tax, tribute, or toll.
+
+25 And thou, 'Ezra, according to the wis-
+dom of thy God which is in thy hand, ap-
+point judges and magistrates, who are to
+judge all tlie people that are beyond the
+river, all such as know the laws of thy God;
+and make ye them known to those" that
+know them not.
+
+26 And if there be an^y one wlio will not
+execute the law of thy God, and the law of the
+king, let justice be speedily executed upon him,
+whether it be unto death or to banishment,''
+or to a fine on goods, or to imprisonment.
+
+27 Tl Blessed be the Lokd the God of our
+fathers, who hath put the like of this in the
+heart of the king, to glorify the house of the
+Lord which is in Jerusalem;
+
+28 And who hath extended kindness unto
+me before the king and his counsellors, and
+Ijefore all the mighty princes of the king:
+and I strengthened myself according to the
+hand of the Lord my God upon me, and I
+gathered together out of Israel principal men
+to go up with me.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 Tl Now these are the chiefs of their divi-
+sions, and this is the genealogy of those that
+went up with n)e, in the reign of king Ar-
+taxerxes, from Babylon.
+
+2 Of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom; of
+the sons of Ithamar, Daniel; of the sons of
+David, Chattush;
+
+3 Of the sons of .Shechanyah, (who was)
+of the sons of Par'osh, Zechariah; and with
+
+
+* Kashi explains this to refer to the judges. By this
+edict the Israelites were to be judged after the Jewish,
+not the Persian laws, and 'Ezra was to be the chief-
+justice, but not the civil governor.
+920
+
+
+him were recorded by genealogy of males
+one hundred and fifty.
+
+4 Of the sons of Pachath-moab, El^elio-
+'enai the son of Zerachyah, and with him
+were two hundred males.
+
+5 Of the sons of Shechanyah, the son of
+Yachaziel, and with him were three hundred
+males.
+
+6 And of the sons of 'Adin, 'Ebed the son
+of Jonathan, and with him were fifty males.
+
+7 And of the .sons of 'Elam, Jesha'yah the son
+of ' Athalyah, and with him were seventy males.
+
+8 And of the sons of Shephatyah, Zebad-
+} ah the son of Michael, and with him were
+eighty males.
+
+9 Of the sons of Joab, 'Obadiah the son of
+Jechiel, and with him were two hundred and
+eighteen males.
+
+10 And of the sons of Shelomith, the son
+of Jossiphyah, and with him were one hun-
+dred and sixty males.
+
+11 And of the sons of Bebai, Zechariah
+the son of Bebai, and with him were twenty
+and eight males.
+
+12 And of the sons of 'Azgad, Jochanaii
+the son of Hakkatan, and with him were one
+hundred and ten males.
+
+13 And of the sons of Adonikam the last;
+and these are their names, Eliphelet, Je'iel,
+and Shema'yah, and with them were sixty
+males.
+
+14 And of the sons of Bigvai, 'Uthai, and
+Zabbur, and with them were seventy males.
+
+15 Tf And I gathered them together to the
+river that runneth into the Ahava, and we
+encamped there three days: and I looked
+about among the people, and the priests, but
+of the sons of Levi I found none there.
+
+16 Then sent I for Eli'ezer, for Ariel, for
+Shema'yah, and for Elnathan, and for Jarib,
+and for Elnathan, and for Nathan, and for
+Zechariah, and for Meshullam, the head men ;
+also for Joyarib, and for Elnathan, men of
+understanding.''
+
+17 And I sent them with a charge unto
+Iddo the chief at the place Cassiphia, and I
+laid the words in their mouth to speak unto
+Iddo, and to his brother,'' who were appoint-
+
+*• Eashi, "extermination."
+° Rashi; but Fiirst, "teachers."
+
+* Eashi would translate this Achic, as a proper name,
+not "his brother."
+
+
+EZRA VIII. IX.
+
+
+efl" at the j^lace Cassiphia, that they should
+bring unto us ministers for the house of our
+God.
+
+18 And they brought unto us according to
+the good hand of our God upon us a man of
+intelligence, of the sons of Machli, the son of
+Levi, the son of Israel, namely, Sherebyah,
+with his sons and his brothers, eighteen;
+
+19 And Chashabyah, and with him Jesha'-
+yah of the sons of Merari, his brothers and
+their sons, twenty.
+
+20 ^ Also of the temple-servants, whom
+David and the princes had assigned for the
+service of the Levites two hundred and
+twenty temple-servants, all of whom were
+expressed by names.
+
+21 Then did I proclaim a fast there, at the
+river Ahava, that we might afflict ourselves
+before our God, to request from him a pros-
+perous journey'' for us, and for our little ones,
+and for all our substance.
+
+22 For I was ashamed to ask of the king
+an army and horsemen to assist us against
+an enemy on the way; because we had
+spoken unto the king, saying. The hand of
+our God is upon all those that seek him for
+good; but his power and his wrath are
+against all those that forsake him.
+
+23 So we fasted and besought our God for
+this, and he suffered himself to be entreated
+by us.
+
+24 Then set I apart of the chiefs of the
+priests twelve persons, Shei'ebyah, Chashab-
+yali, and with them ten of their brethren,
+
+25 And I weighed out unto them the sil-
+ver, and the gold, and the vessels, the offer-
+ing for the house of our God, which the king,
+and his counsellors, and his princes, and all
+Israel there present, had offered.
+
+26 And I weighed out into their hand of
+silver six hundred and fifty talents, and of
+silver vessels one hundred talents, of gold one
+hundred talents;
+
+27 Also twenty cups of gold, of a thou-
+sand drachms ; and two vessels of fine polish-
+ed copper, valuable as gold.
+
+28 And I said unto them. Ye are holy
+unto the Lord; and the ves.sels are holy;
+and the silver and the gold are a freewill
+
+
+• Rashi ; the Kctih is D'Jinjn, which gives the above
+version; the Keri, however, D'J'n:n ncthinim, the "tem-
+ple-servants." Ezra could only persuade, not command
+5Q
+
+
+offering unto the Lord the God of your
+fathers.
+
+29 Watch ye, and guard them, until ye
+weigh them out before the chiefs of the
+priests and the Levites, and the chiefs of
+the divisions of Israel, at Jerusalem, into
+the chambers of the house of the Lord.
+
+30 And the priests and the Levites ac-
+cepted what was weighed out of the silver,
+and the gold, and the vessels, to bring the
+same to Jerusalem to the house of our God.
+
+31 ][ And we departed from the river
+Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month,
+to go unto Jerusalem: and the hand of our
+God was over us, and he delivered us from
+the hand of any enemy, and of such as lie in
+wait on the way.
+
+32 And we came to Jerusalem, and re-
+mained there three days.
+
+33 And on the fourth day were the silver
+and the gold and the vessels weighed out in
+the house of our God into the hand of Mere-
+moth the son of Uriyah the priest; and with
+him was El'azar the son of Phinehas; and
+with them was Jozabad the son of Jeshua',
+and No'adyah the son of Binuui, the Levites;
+
+34 By number and by weight of every-
+thing: and all the weight was written down
+at the same time.
+
+35 II Those that came out of the captivity,
+the children of the exile, offered burnt-oflfer-
+ings unto the God of Israel, twelve bullocks
+for all Isi-ael, ninety and ,six rams, seventy
+and seven sheep, twelve he-goats for a sin-
+offering: all as burnt-offerings unto the
+Lord.
+
+36 And they delivered the king's com-
+mands unto the king's lieutenants, and to the
+governors on this side of the river: and these
+endowed the people, and the house of God.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ Now when these things were accom-
+plished, the jirinces approached me, saying,
+The people of Israel, and the priests, and the
+Levites, have not separated themselves from
+the nations of the lands, notwithstanding
+their abominations, from the Canaanites, the
+Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the
+
+
+any of those who remained in exile, to return; and nc
+
+doubt the greater part preferred to stay behind.
+
+^ Rashi. Lit. "an iipriglit way."
+
+^ -= ^ 921
+
+
+EZRA IX. X.
+
+
+'Ammonites, the Moiibites, the Egyptians,
+and the Emorites;
+
+2 For they have taken of their daughters
+for themselves and for their sons; and the
+holy seed have mingled themselves with the
+nations of these lands; and the hand of the
+princes and rulers hath been the first in this
+trespass.
+
+3 And when I heard this thing, I rent my
+garment and my mantle, and I plucked out
+some of the hair of my head and of my beard,
+and sat down astounded.
+
+4 And then asseml)led themselves unto
+me every one that trembled at the words of
+the God of Israel, because of the trespass of
+the exiles: and I sat astounded until the
+evening sacrifice.
+
+5 And at the evening sacrifice I rose up
+from my fasting, and while rending* my gar-
+ment and my mantle, I knelt down upon my
+knees, and spread out my hands unto the
+Lord my God.
+
+6 And I said, 0 my God, I am ashamed and
+confounded to lift up my face unto thee, my
+God! for our iniquities are increased above
+our head, and our guiltiness is grown up as far
+as the heavens.
+
+7 From the days of our fathers have we
+been in a great guiltiness even until this day;
+and through our iniquities have we been de-
+livered, we, our kings, and our priests, into
+the hand of the kings of the lands, to the
+sword, to captivit}', and to a spoil, and to the
+shame of fiice, as it is this day.
+
+8 And now for a little moment hath grace
+been extended from the Lord our God, to
+preserve us a remnant to escape, and to give
+us a stake*" in his holy place, that our God
+might enlighten our eyes, and give us a little
+reviving in our bondage.
+
+9 For we are bondmen : yet in our bond-
+age hath our God not forsaken us, but hath
+extended unto us kindness before the kings
+of Persia, to give us a reviving, to exalt the
+house of our God, and to erect again its ruins,
+and to give us a fence" in Judah and in Jeru-
+salem.
+
+10 And now what shall we say, 0 our
+
+" Fiirst, "and with my rent garment and mantle," &c.
+
+' Lit. "nail," /. c the nail or .stake by whicli the ends
+nl' a tent are fastened to the ground, inctajihoric for some-
+thing not easily removed.
+
+' As rniind a shnepfold; ('. e. protection.
+922
+
+
+God, after this? fur we have forsaken thy
+commandments,
+
+11 Which thou hast commanded through
+means of thy servants the prophets, saying,
+The land, unto which ye go to take possession
+thereof, is a land defiled through the defile-
+ment of the nations of the lands, through
+their abominations, with which they have
+filled it from one end to another through
+their uncleanness.
+
+12 And now 3'our daughters shall ye not
+give unto their sons, and their daughters
+shall ye not take for your sons, and ye shall
+not seek their peace and their welfare unto
+eternity : in order that ye may be strong, and
+eat the best of the land, and leave it for an
+inheritance to your children unto eternity.
+
+13 And after all that is come over us for
+our evil deeds, and for our great guiltiness,
+seeing that thou our God hast spared us
+(punishing us) less than our iniquities (de-
+served), and hast given us such deliverance
+as this:
+
+14 Should we again make void thy com-
+mandments, and make marriage with these
+people of abominations? wouldst thou not
+be angry with us even to make an end of us,
+so that there would not be anj' remnant or
+escape ?
+
+15 ][ 0 Lord, God of Israel, thou art right-
+eous; for we have been left a remnant that
+hath escaped, as it is this day : behold, we
+are before thee in our guiltinesses; for there
+is no standing'' before thee because of this.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1" Tj Now when 'Ezra prayed, and when
+he made his confession, wee^jing and casting
+himself down before the house of God, there
+gathered themselves unto him out of Israel a
+very large assembly of men and 'v\'omen and
+children; for the people wept exceedingly
+much.
+
+2 ^ Thereupon conunenced Siiechanyah
+the son of Jechiel, of the sons of 'Elam, and
+said unto 'Ezra, We have indeed trespassed
+against our God, and have brought home
+strange wives of the nations of the land : yet
+
+
+^ Meaning, it is sure that God's mercy permitted the
+people to escape total destruction; but this new transgres-
+sion would cause that the Lord would sweep off those
+who, notwithstanding the merciful chastisement, could so
+soon forget again tlieir God.
+
+
+EZRA X.
+
+
+now tlie're is hope in I.srael concerning this
+thing.
+
+3 And now let us make a covenant with
+our God to put away all the wives, and such
+as are born of them, according to the direction
+of the Lord, and of those that tremlile at the
+commandment of our God; and let it be done
+according to the law.
+
+4 Arise; for this matter is obligatory upon
+thee; and we will be with thee: be strong,
+and do it.
+
+5 ^ Then arose 'Ezra, and caused the
+princes of the priests, the Levites, and of all
+Israel, to swear to do according to this word.
+And they swore.
+
+6 Then arose 'Ezra from before the house
+of God, and went into the chamber of Jocha-
+nan the son of Elyashib; and he went thither
+without having eaten bread, or having drunk
+water; for he was mourning because of the
+trespass of the exiles.
+
+7 And they made proclamation throughout
+Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children
+of the exile, to gather themselves together at
+Jerusalem ;
+
+8 And that whosoever should not come
+within three days, according to the resolve
+of the princes and the elders, all his substance
+should be devoted, and himself separated from
+the congregation of the exiles.
+
+9 ^ Then were all the men of Judah and i
+Benjamin gathered together unto Jerusalem
+within three dajs: it was in the ninth month,
+on the twentieth day of the month ; and all l
+the people sat in the open place before the '
+house of God, trembling because of this mat- 1
+ter, and by reason of the showers of rain." ;
+
+10 And 'Ezra the priest rose up, and said
+unto them. Ye have acted unfiiithfuU}-, and
+have brought home strange wives, to increase
+yet more the guiltiness of Israel.
+
+11 Now therefoi'e make confession unto
+the Lord the God of your fathers, and do his
+will; and separate yourselves from the na-
+tions of the earth, and from the strange
+wives.
+
+12 Then answered all the assembly and
+said with a loud voice, So belt: according to
+thy word it is our duty to do.
+
+13 But the people are many, and it is the
+
+* Lit. "rains;" the ninth month, Kislev, (December,)
+IS the rainy season in Palestine.
+
+
+rainy season, and we have not the strengtii
+to remain in the street, nor is this a work for
+one day or for two days; for we are many
+that have transgressed in this matter.
+
+14 Let however our princes stand forward
+for all the congregation, and let all those in
+our cities who have brought home strange
+wives come at appointed times, and with
+tliem the elders of each and every city, and its
+judges, until the fierce wrath of our God be
+turned away from us for this whole matter.
+
+15 Only Jonathan the son of 'Assahel and
+Jachzeyah the son of Thikvah withstood this
+(proposal) :'' and MeshuUam and Shabbethai
+the Levite assisted them.
+
+16 And the children of the exile did so.
+And then were set apart 'Ezra the priest,
+(and) certain chiefs of the divisions, for their
+family divisions, and all of them (designated)
+by their names; and they sat down on the
+first day of the tenth month to examine the
+matter.
+
+17 And they made an end with all, with
+the men that had brought home strange
+wives, not before the first day of the first
+month.
+
+18 ^ And there were found among the
+sons of the priests that had brought home
+strange wives, namely, of the sons of Jeshua'
+the son of Jozadak, and his brethren: Ma-
+'asseyah, and Eli'ezer, and Jarib, and Gedal-
+yah.
+
+19 And they gave their hand to put away
+their wives, and being guilty, (they offered) a
+ram of the flock for their trespass.
+
+20 And of the sons of Immer: Chanani,
+and Zebadyah.
+
+21 And of the sons of Charim: Ma'asseyah,
+and Elijah, and Shema'yah, and Jechiel, and
+'Uzziyah.
+
+22 And of the sons of Pashchur : Elyo'enai,
+Ma'asseyah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and
+El'assah.
+
+23 Also of the Levites: Jozabad, and
+Shim'i, and Kelayah, the same is Kelita,
+Pethachyah, Judah, and Eli'ezer.
+
+24 And of the singers, Elyashib; and of
+the gate-keepers, Shallum, and Telem, and
+Uri.
+
+25 And of Israel: Of the sons of Par'osh,
+
+
+' Rashi. Lit. "they stood upon this," i. e. insisted on
+the original proposition. Philippson, "And — insisted on."
+
+
+923
+
+
+NEIIEMIAH I.
+
+
+Eainyah, and Yiz/iyali. and Malkiyali, and
+Miyamin, and El'azar, and Malkiyali, and
+Ben ayah.
+
+2G And of the sons of 'Elam : Matthanyah,
+Zecharyah, and Jechiel, and 'Abdi, and Jere-
+inoth, and FJiyali.
+
+27 And of the sons of Zatthu : Elyo'enai,
+El^ashib, Matthanyah, and Jeremoth, and
+Zabad, and 'Aziza.
+
+28 And of the sons of Bebai : Jehochanan,
+Chananyah, Zabbai, and 'Athlai.
+
+29 And of the sons of Bani : MeshuUani,
+Malhich, and 'Adayah, Jashub, and Sheal,
+and Eamoth.
+
+30 And of the sons of Pachath-inoab : 'Ad-
+na, and Kelal, Benayah, Ma'asseyah, Matthan-
+yah, Bezalel, and Binnui, and Menasseh.
+
+31 And of the sons of Charini : Eli'ezer,
+Yishiyah, Malkiyali, Shema'yah, Shim'on,
+
+32 Benjamin, Mallueh, and Shemaryah.
+
+
+33 Of the sons of Chashum: Matthenai,
+Matthathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Me-
+nasseh, and Shim'i.
+
+34 Of the sons of Bani : Ma'adai, 'Aniram,
+and Uel,
+
+35 Benayah, Bedeyah, Keluhn,
+
+36 Vanyah, Merenioth, Elyashib,
+
+37 Matthanyah, Matthenai, and Ja'assai,
+
+38 And Bani, and Binnui, and Shim'i,
+
+39 And Shelemyah, and Nathan, and
+Adayah,
+
+40 Machnadbai, Shashai, Sliarai,
+
+41 'Asar'el, and Shelemyahu, Shemaryah,
+
+42 Shallum, Amaryah, and Joseph.
+
+43 Of the sons of Nebo : Je'iel, Mattliith-
+jah, Zabad, Zebina, Jaddai, and Joel, Bena-
+yah.
+
+44 All these had taken strange wives; and
+some of them had wives by whom they had
+children.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF NEIIEMIAH.
+
+
+H'Onj IGD.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+1 ^ The words of Nebemiah" the son of
+Chachalyah. And it came to pass in the
+month Kislev, in the twentieth year, as I
+was in Shushan the capital,
+
+2 That there came Chanani, one of my
+brethrenMiimself with certain men of Judah:
+and I asked them concerning the JeVrs that
+had escaped, who were left of the captivity,
+and concerning Jernsalem.
+
+.'! And they said unto me. The remnant
+that are left of the captivity there in the pro-
+vince are in great misery and in disgrace;
+and the wall of Jerusalem is broken down,
+and her gates are burnt with fire.
+
+4 And it (-ame to pass, when I heard these
+words, that I sat down and wept, and raourn-
+
+
+* Ileb. N/rhimyah. According to Zunz, his first
+journey to Palestine took place in tbe year of the world
+3544, or 14 years after 'Ezra's expedition.
+924
+
+
+ed some days, and T was fasting, and praying
+before the God of heaven.
+
+5 And I said, I beseech thee, 0 Lord the
+God of heaven, the great and terrible God,
+that keepeth the covenant and kindness for
+those that love him and for those that keep
+his commandments :
+
+6 Let thy ear now be attentive, and thy
+eyes be open, I entreat thee, to hearken unto
+the pi-ayer of thy servant, which I am jiray-
+ing this day before thee, by day and by night,
+in behalf of the children of Israel thy ser-
+vants, and (as) I confess for the sins of the
+childien of Israel, (with) which we have
+sinned against thee : yea, I also and my fa-
+ther's house have sinned.
+
+7 We have dealt very corruptly toward
+thee; and we have not kept the command-
+
+
+'' Rashi, "one of my friends;" the word "brother" be-
+ing often used in this sense, as also tu denote any near
+ruiutive.
+
+
+NEHEMIAH I. II.
+
+
+ments. and the statutes, and the ordinances,
+which thou didst command Moses thy ser-
+vant.
+
+8 Keinemher, I heseech tliee, the word
+with which thou didst charge Moses thj ser-
+vant, saying. If ye become truly uul'aithtul, I
+will indeed scatter you among the nations.
+
+9 But if ye return unto me, and keep my
+commandments, and do them : (then) though
+your outcasts should be at the utmost parts
+of heaven, from there will I gather them,
+and I will bring them unto the place which I
+have chosen to let my name dwell there.
+
+10 And they are thy servants and thy
+people, whom thou hast redeemed by thy
+great power, and by thy strong hand.
+
+11 I beseech thee, 0 Lord, do let thy ear
+be attentive to the prayer of thy servant,
+and to the prayer of thy servants, who are
+desirous to fear thy name; and grant success,
+I pray thee, to thy servant this day, and let
+him find mercy in the sight of this man. —
+But I was butler" by the king.
+
+CHAPTER 11.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass in the month
+Nissan, in the twentieth year of king Ar-
+taxerxes, that wine (stood) before him ; and
+I took up the wine, and gave it unto the
+king. But I had never been sad in his pre-
+sence.
+
+2 Then said the king unto me. Why is
+thy countenance sad, seeing thou art not
+sick? this is nothing but an illness of heart.*"
+Then was I very greatly afraid.
+
+3 And I said unto the king. May the king
+live for ever: why should not my counte-
+nance be sad, when the city, the place of my
+fathers' sepulchres, lieth ruined, and her gates
+are consumed by fire?
+
+4 Then said the king unto me. For what
+then dost thou make request? Then'' did I
+pray to the God of heaven.
+
+5 And I said unto the king. If it seem
+good to the king, and if thy servant might be
+
+
+* Gen. xl. 2, &o. Eng. ver. "cupbearer."
+^ Raslii conceives that the king thought Nehemiah har-
+boured some evil desijrn against him. "Illness of heart"
+may mean both "a bad" and "a sorrowful heart," where-
+fore we have chosen it to express the doubtful i'l. Arn-
+heim, "bad heart;" but the whole passage indirectly in-
+dicates that the king meant "sadness" or "grief."
+
+" Rashi explains, "I said before the king, May it be
+the will of the God of heaven that thou grant my re- ji
+
+
+pleasing in thy presence, (T desire) that thou
+wouldst send me unto Judah, unto the city
+of my fathers' sepulchres, that I may build it.
+
+6 And the king said luito me, while (he
+queen was sitting beside him. When'' is thy
+journey to be undertaken? and when wilt
+thou return? So it pleased the king to let
+me go; and I indicated to him a time.
+
+7 And I said unto the king. If it seem
+good to the king, let letters be given unto me
+for the governors beyond the river, that they
+may convey me over till the thne that 1 come
+into Judah;
+
+8 Also a letter mito Assaph the keeper of
+the king's forests, that he may give me tim-
+ber to make lieanis tor the gates of the fort-
+ress which appertaineth to the house, and lor
+the wall of the city, and for the house that I
+shall move into. And the king gave (them)
+to me, according to the good hand of my (lod
+upon me.
+
+9 And (so) came I to the governors beyond
+the river, and I gave them the king's letters.
+Now the king had sent with me captains of
+the army and horsemen.
+
+10 ^ When Sanballat the Choronite, and
+Tobiyah the servant, the 'Ammonite, heard
+of it, it displeased them exceedingly, that
+there was come a man to seek the welfare
+of the children of Israel.
+
+11 So came I to Jerusalem, and remained
+there three days.
+
+12 Then arose I in the night, I and some
+few men with me; but I had not told any
+man what my God had put in my heart to
+do for Jerusalem; nor was there any beast
+with me, save the beast on wliich I rode.
+
+13 And I went out through the gate of
+the valley by night, even toward the direction
+of the dragon-well, and to the dung-gate ; and
+I was viewing" the walls of Jerusalem, which
+were broken down, and the gates whereof
+were consumed by fire.
+
+14 Then passed I on to the gate of the
+fountain, and to the king's pool; but there
+
+quest!" Aben Ezra, on the contrary, "I had already
+prayed;" but it may mean the silent prayer offered up in
+his heart just as he addressed the king.
+
+^ Rashi. Others, " For how long is thy journey to
+last?"
+
+• Aben Ezra, reading -^2V! sober with a sin; but Rashi,
+slwher, with a shin, " made a breach in," as the stones ad-
+bered hut loosely, owing to the to'!? having been sub-
+jected to tire,
+* 025
+
+
+NEHEMIAH II. III.
+
+
+was no space for the beast that was under
+me to pass through.
+
+15 Then went I up through the valley in
+the night, and I was viewing the wall, and
+I returned and entered through the gate of
+the valk^y, and so returned home.
+
+16 And the rulers knew not whither I was
+gone, or what I was doing: nor had I as yet
+told it to the Jews, and to the priests, and to
+the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest
+of the superintendents of the work.
+
+17 Then said I unto them, Ye see the
+misery in which we are, how Jerusalem
+lieth in ruins, and its gates are burnt with
+fire: come, and let us build up the wall of
+Jerusalem, that we may no more be for a
+reproach.
+
+18 And I told them of the hand of my
+God, which was good upon me, as also the
+king's words which he had spoken unto me.
+And they said. We will rise up and build.
+So they strengthened their hands for the
+good work.
+
+19 ^ But when Sanballat the Choronite,
+and Tobiyah the servant, the 'Ammonite,
+and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they
+laughed us to scorn, and despised us, and
+said, What is this thing that ye are doing?
+are ye rebelling against the king?
+
+20 And I returned them an answer, and said
+unto them, The God of heaven will indeed
+give us prosperity, and we his servants will
+truly rise up and build; but ye have no por-
+tion, nor right, nor memorial," in Jeru.salem.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+1 ^ Then rose up Elyashib the high priest
+with his brethren the priests, and they built
+the sheep-gate; they sanctified it, and set up
+its doors: even as far as the tower of Meah
+did they sanctify it, as far as the tower of Cha-
+nanel.
+
+2 And by his side built the men of Je-
+richo. And by his (other) side built Zaccur
+the son of Imri.
+
+3 But the fish-gate did the sons of Hasse-
+naiih build: they also laid its beams, and set
+up its doors, its locks, and its bars.
+
+
+* Arnheim," claim." Philippson, "merit nor memorial."
+^ Hcrxlieimer, "built." Arnlicim, "laid hand on the
+work." Philippson, "fortified."
+
+" (■. e. The house where he re.sided; va'2 then, not
+WO ' •
+
+
+4 And alongside of them repaired'' Mere-
+moth the son of Uriyali, the son of Kakkoz.
+And alongside of them repaired Meshullam
+the son of Berechyah, the son of Meshezabel.
+And alongside of them repaired Zadok the
+son of Ba'ana.
+
+5 And alongside of them repaired the Te-
+ko'ites; but their principal men put not their
+necks to the work of their Lord.
+
+6 Moreover the old gate repaired Yoyada'
+the son of Passeach, and Meshullam the son
+of Bessodeyah : they laid its beams, and set
+up its doors, and its locks, and its bars.
+
+7 And alongside of them repaired Melat-
+yah the Gib'onite, and Jadon the Meronothite,
+men of Gib'on and of Mizpah, unto the seat"
+of the governor on this side of the river.
+
+8 Alongside of him I'epaired 'Uzziel the
+son of Charhayah, of the goldsmiths. And
+alongside of him repaired Chan any ah the son
+of one of the apothecaries, and they fortified'*
+Jerusalem as far as the broad wall.
+
+9 And alongside of them repaired Repha-
+yah the son of Chur, the chief of the half of
+the district of Jerusalem.
+
+10 And alongside of them repaired Jeda-
+yah the son of Charumaph, and this opposite
+to his house. And alongside of him repaired
+Chattush the son of Chashabneyah.
+
+11 Another division did Malkiyah the son
+of Cliarim, and Chashub the son of Pachath-
+moJib, repair, as also the tower of the ovens.
+
+12 And alongside of him repaired Shal-
+lum the son of Hallochesh, the chief of the
+other half of the district of Jerusalem, he and
+his daughters.
+
+13 The gate of the valley repaired Chanun,
+and the inhabitants of Zanoiich: they built
+it, and set up its doors, its locks, and its bars,
+and a thousand cubits of the wall as far as
+the dung-gate.
+
+14 And the dung-gate repaired Malkiyah
+the son of Rechab, the chief of the distinct of
+Beth-hakkerem: he built it, and set up its
+doors, its locks, and its bars.
+
+15 And the gate of the fountain repaired
+Shallum the son of Col-chozeh, the chief of
+the district of Mizpah : he built it and covered
+
+
+merely "chair" or "throne," but the "seat," or "house."
+Herxheimer, "belonging to the jurisdiction of the go-
+vernor."
+
+^ Hasiii, "filled it with cartli," Ainli'^iiii, "plastered"
+
+
+NEIIKMIAl
+
+
+it, and set up its doors, its locks, and its bars,
+and the wall of the pool of Shelach" by the
+king's garden, and as far as the stairs that
+lead down from the city of David.
+
+16 Next'' to him repaired Nehemiah the
+son of 'Azbuk, the chief of tlie half dis-
+trict of Beth-ziir. as far as the place oppo-
+site to the sepulchres of David, and as far as
+the pool that was (newly) made, and as for
+as the house of the mighty men.
+
+17 Next to him repaired the Levites : Re-
+chum the son of Bani. Alongside of him re-
+paired Chashabyah, the chief of the half
+district of Ke'ilah, for his district.
+
+18 Next to him repaired their brethren :
+Bavai the son of Chenadad. the chief of the
+(other) half district of Ke'ilah.
+
+19 And there repaired alongside of him
+'Ezer the son of Jeshua', the chief of Mizpah,
+another division, opposite to the ascent to the
+armoury at the angle.
+
+20 Next to him did Baruch the son of
+Zaccai" earnestly repair another division,
+from the angle as far as the door of the house
+of Elyashib the high priest.
+
+21 Next to him repaired Meremoth the
+son of Uriyah the son of Hakkoz another
+division, from the door of the house of Ely-
+ashib even as far as the end of the house of
+Elyashib.
+
+22 And next to him repaired the priests,
+the men of the plain (of Jordan).
+
+23 Next to him repaired Benjamin and
+Chashub opposite to their house. Ne.xt to
+him repaired 'Azaryah the son of Ma'ase-
+yah the son of 'Ananjah alongside of his
+house.
+
+24 Next to him repaired Binnui the son
+of Chenadad another division, from the house
+of 'Azaryah as far as the angle, and as tar as
+the corner.
+
+25 Palal the son of Uzai (repaired) from
+opposite to the angle, and the tower which
+standeth out from the king's upper house,
+that was by the court of the prison. Next
+to him Pedayah the son of Par'osh.
+
+26 And tiie temple-servants dwelt on the
+hill fort, (and they built)* as far as opposite
+
+
+' Elsewhere written Shiloiich.
+"" Arnheim. Lit. "after him."
+' So the Keri ; the Kef lb reads Zah/jni.
+° The English vei'sion comuienees hire
+and so also Buxdorf
+
+
+" Rashi.
+chapter iv
+
+
+to the water-gate toward the east, and th(>
+tower that standeth out.
+
+27 Next to them repaired the Teko'ites
+another division from opposite the great
+tower that standeth out, and as for as the
+wall of the hill fort.
+
+28 From above the horse-gate repaired the
+priests, every one opposite to liis house.
+
+29 Next to this repaired Zadok the son of
+Immer opposite to his house. And next to
+him repaired Sliema'yah the son of Shechan-
+yah, the keeper of the east gate.
+
+30 Next to him I'epaired Chananyah the
+son of Shelem3'ah, and Chanun the sixth son
+of Zalaph another division. Next to him
+repaired Meshullam the son of Bereehyali
+opposite to his chamber.
+
+31 Next to him repaired Malkiyah the
+goldsmith's son as far as the house of the
+temple-servants, and of the merchants, oppo-
+site to the mustei'ing-gate, and to the upper
+chamber of the corner.
+
+32 And between the upper chamber of the
+corner and the sheep-gate repaired the gold-
+smiths and the merchants.
+
+33" ][ And it came to pass, when San-
+ballat heard that we were building the wall,
+that it displeased him, and he became very
+angry, and mocked at the Jews.
+
+34 And he spoke before his brethren and
+the army of Samaria, and said, What are
+these feeble Jews doing? will people suffer
+them (to build)? will they sacrifice? will
+they complete it in one day? will they re-
+vive*^ the stones out of the heaps of the rub-
+bish, seeing that they have been burnt?
+
+35 And Tobiyah the 'Ammonite was near
+him, and he said. Even what they are build-
+ing, if a fox were to run up, he would readily
+break through their stone wall.
+
+36 Hear, 0 our God ! how we are become a
+scorn; and bring their reproach back upon
+their own head, and give them up for a prey
+in the land of captivity.
+
+37 And cover not np their iniquity, and
+let not tlieir sin be blotted out from before
+thee; for they have taunted (us)*^ in the pre-
+sence of the builders.
+
+' Meaning, Will the Jews be able to give solidity again
+to the stones of the wall which had been subject to fire,
+so as to make them useful for building?
+
+^ Arnheim. Herxheimer, after Pashi, "for the_y vexed
+the builders to tlicif faces "
+
+
+NEHEMIAH III. IV. V.
+
+
+38 But we built the wall; and all the wall
+was joined together up to the half thereof;
+for the people had a heart* to work.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, when Sanballat
+and Tobijah, and the Arabians, and the 'Am-
+monites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the
+walls of Jerusalem were restored, and that
+the breaches began to be closed up, that it
+displeased them greatly.
+
+2 And they conspired all of them together
+to come to fight against Jerusalem, and to do
+it*" an injury.
+
+3 But we prayed unto our God, and set a
+watch over them" day and night, because of
+the others.
+
+4 And Judah said. The strength of the
+bearers of the burden is failing, and there is
+much rubbish; and we are not able to build
+on the wall.
+
+5 And our adversaries said. They shall not
+know, nor see, until we come in the midst of
+them, and slay them, and so stop the work."
+
+6 And it came to pass, when the Jews who
+dwelt near them came, that they said unto
+us ten times, " From all places whence ye may
+return home (they intend to come)'* over us."
+
+7 I placed therefore on the lower parts of
+the place on the naked rocks" behind the wall
+— there I placed the people after their fami-
+lies with their swords, their spears, and their
+bows.
+
+8 And I looked (about), and rose up, and
+said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and
+to the rest of the people. Be not afraid of
+them : think on the Lord, the great and ter-
+rible, and fight for your brethren, your sons,
+and your daughters, your wives, and your
+houses.
+
+9 ][ And it came to pass, that, when our
+enemies heard that it was known unto us, God
+frustrated their counsel : and we returned, all
+of us, to th(! wall, every one unto his work.
+
+10 And it came to pass from that day
+forth, that the half of my young men wrought
+at the work, while the other half of them
+
+
+' Othcr.s, "courage."
+
+^ 1^7 "to him," Aben Ezra refers either to Nehemiah
+or to the people. ° The labourers.
+
+* Aben Ezra. Rashi, "on every plaee (where ye may
+he .seattered in building the walls) ye must be prepared
+to come to us (to tight)."
+928
+
+
+to
+
+
+were holding the spears, the shields, and the
+bows, and the coats of mail ; and the princes
+stood behind all the house of Judah.
+
+11 Those that built on the wall, and those
+that bore burdens, with those that loaded, —
+every one with one of his hands wrought on
+the work, and with the other hand held a
+weapon.
+
+12 And the builders had every one his
+sword fastened around his loins while they
+were building; and he that blew the cornet
+stood alongside of me.
+
+13 And I said unto the nobles, and to the
+rulers, and to the rest of the people. The
+work is great and extensive, and we are
+separated upon the wall, distant one from
+another.
+
+14 In what place (then) ye hear the sound
+of the cornet, thither must ye assemble unto
+us : our God will fight for us.
+
+15 So we laboured at the work, while the
+half of them were holding the spears from
+the rising of the morning-dawn till the stars
+apjDcared.
+
+16 Likewise at the same time said I unto
+the people. Let every one with his young
+man lodge within Jerusalem, so that they
+may be in the night a guard to us, and dur-
+ing the day for the labour.
+
+17 And neither I, nor my brothers, nor
+my young men, nor the men of the guard
+who followed me — none of us took off our
+clothes, no one leaving them off even for
+washing himself
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 Tf And there arose a great outcry of the
+people and of their wives against their bre-
+thren the Jews.
+
+2 And there were some that said. Our
+sons, and our daughters, (and) ourselves are
+many ; and we must buy" corn, that we may
+eat, and live.
+
+3 And others there were that said, We
+must jjledge our fields, our vineyards, and our
+houses, that we may buy corn, in the famine.
+
+4 And others there were that said. We
+
+
+* Philippson, " on the fortified places."
+
+' Ka.shi. Aben Ezra, "except when a man went to the
+water to bathe."
+
+' Meaning, the building of the wall compelled them to
+leave their fields; and hence they had to purchase corn,
+which their means did not permit them.
+
+
+NEIIEMIAH V. VI.
+
+
+have borrowed money for the king's tax on
+our fields and vineyards.
+
+5 Yet DOW our flesh is like the flesh of our
+brethren, our children are like their children :
+and, lo, we must force our sons and our
+daughters to become servants, and some of
+our daughters are forced (to become so), and
+our hand is powerless; and our lields and
+our vineyards belong to others.
+
+6 And it displeased me greatly when I
+heard their complaint and these words.
+
+7 Then did 1 consult with my heart, and
+I upbraided" the nobles, and the rulers, and
+said unto them, ''Ye exact usur}-, every one
+of his brother!" And I brought together a
+great assembly against them.
+
+8 And I said unto them, We have indeed
+ransomed our brethren the Jews, who had
+been sold unto the various nations, as far as
+our means went: and will ye yourselves even
+sell your l:)rethren, so that they will he sold
+again'' unto us? And they remained silent,
+and found no answer.
+
+9 Then said I, The thing is not good which
+ye are doing: ought ye not to walk in the
+fear of our God, because of the taunting of
+the nations, our enemies?
+
+10 And also I, my brothers, and my young
+men, have lent them money and corn : I pray
+you, let us relinquish this loan.
+
+11 Give back to them, I pray 3'ou, even
+this day, their fields, their vineyards, their
+oliveyards, and their houses, also the hun-
+dredth" part of the money, and of the corn,
+the wine, and the oil, that ye have lent them.
+
+. 12 Then said they. We will give (all)
+back, and of them will we require nothing:
+so will we do as thou sayest. Then I called
+the priests, and made them swear, that they
+would do in accordance with this promise.
+
+13 Also my lap did I shake out, and said,
+So may God shake out every man that per-
+formeth not this promise, from his house and
+of his toil-gotten wealth, and so let him re-
+main shaken out, and empty. And all tlie
+assembly said. Amen, and they praised the
+Lord. And tlie people did according to this
+promise.
+
+14 Moreover from the day that (the king)
+
+
+* Lit. "quarrelled with."
+
+' Herxheimer after Rashi ; PLilippson, " and shall
+they be sold to us ?"
+
+6B
+
+
+had enjoined on me to be governor in the
+land of Judah, from the twentieth year up to
+the two and thirtieth year of king Artaxer-
+xes, (full) twelve years, neither I nor my bro-
+thers ate the food of the governor.
+
+15 But the former governors that had been
+before me had made it heavy for the people,
+and had taken of them bread and wine, be-
+side forty shekels of silver: yea, even their
+young men ruled over the people; but I my-
+self did not act so, because of the fear of God.
+
+16 And in the work of this wall also did I
+labour actively; and we bought not any
+fields; and all my young men were assem-
+bled there by the Avork.
+
+17 Moreover of the Jews and rulers, one
+hundred and fifty men, besides tliose that
+came unto us from the nations that are about
+us, (ate) at my table.
+
+18 And that which was prepared for one
+day was one ox and six choice sheep; also
+Ijirds were prepared for me, and once in ten
+days all sorts of wine in abundance: yet with
+all this I required not the food of the go-
+vernor; because the service lay heavily upon
+this people.
+
+19 Remember for me, my God, for good,
+all that I have done for this people.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 T[ Now it came to pass, when it came to
+the hearing of Sanballat, and Tobiyah, and
+Geshem the Arabian, and the rest of our
+enemies, that I had built the wall, and that
+there was no breach left th.erein, although up
+to that time I had not yet set up the doors
+in the gates,
+
+2 That Sanballat and Geshem sent unto
+me, saying, Come, let us meet together in
+Kephirim'' in the plain of Ono. But they
+were thinkinsj; of doins; me mischief
+
+3 And I sent messengers unto them, say-
+ing, I am doing a great work, and I cannot
+come down : why should the work cease,
+while I leave it lying, and come down to
+you?
+
+4 And they sent unto me after this manner
+four times; and I answered them after the
+same manner.
+
+
+° That is, one per cent, every month. Rashi, "and the
+quantit}-, were it a hundred, of money."
+
+'' Probably the town Ke^hirah in Benjamin.
+
+
+929
+
+
+NEHEMIAH VI. VII.
+
+
+5 Then sent Sanballat unto me in like
+manner the fifth time his young man with
+an open letter" in his hand:
+
+G Therein was written, It hath been heard
+among the nations, and Gashmu saith it, that
+thou and the Jews think of rebelling; where-
+fore thou art building up the wall ; and that
+thou art to be king unto them, according to
+these reports.*
+
+7 And that thou hast also set up projjhets
+to proclaim concerning thee at Jerusalem,
+saying, He is king in Judah: and now there
+may be reported to the king something like
+these words. Now therefore come, and let us
+take counsel together.
+
+8 Then sent I unto him, saying, "There
+hath been done nothing like these reports of
+which thou speakest ; but out of thy own
+heart thou inventest them."
+
+9 For they all wished to make us afraid,
+thinking. Their hands will be withdrawn''
+from the work, so that it wall not be done.
+Now therefore, (0 God,) strengthen my
+hands.
+
+10 And I came also into the house of
+Shema yah the son of Delayah the son of Me-
+hetabel, who had shut himself up; and he
+said, Let us meet together in the house of
+God, within the temple, and let us lock the
+doors of the temple; for they are coming to
+slay thee: yea, in the night are they coming
+to slay thee,
+
+11 And I said, Should a man like me flee?
+and who is there that is like me, that would
+go into the temple and live? I will not go in.
+
+12 And I perceived that, lo, God had not
+sent him; but that he pronounced this pro-
+phecy over me, because Tobiyah and Sanbal-
+lat had hired him.
+
+13 Therefore was he hired, in order that I
+should become afraid, and do so, and sin, and
+that it might serve them for an evil report,
+so that they might cast reproach upon me.
+
+14 Tj Think, 0 my God, of Tobiyah and
+Sanballat according to these their works, and
+also of No'adyah the prophetess, and the rest
+of the prophets, who wished to make me afraid.
+
+
+" An open letter, being only sent from superiors to in-
+feriors in the East, is regarded as an insult.
+
+*■ Lit. "words." Kashi would connect these last words
+with the beginning of the verso; thus: "and there was
+ivrittcn in it in accordance with these words, It hath," &e.
+
+' Arnheim, "will boconic weak at the wurk."
+930
+
+
+15 And so was the wall finished on the
+twenty and fifth day of the month Elul, in
+fifty and two days.
+
+16 ^ And it came to pass, when our ene-
+mies heard this, and all the nations that were
+aljout us saw it, that they sank greatly in
+their own eyes; and they perceived that by
+the aid of our God had this work betn
+
+
+wrought.
+
+
+17 Moreover in those days the nobles of
+Judah despatched frequently their letters
+unto Tobijah, and those of Tobiyah came
+unto them.
+
+18 For many in Judah were sworn friends
+unto him ; because he was the son-in-law of
+Shechanyah the son of Arach, and Jehocha-
+nan his son had taken the daughter of Meshul-
+1am the son of Bei-echyali.
+
+19 Also his good deeds were they report-
+ing before me, and my words they used to
+carry out to him : also Tobiyah sent letters to
+make me afraid.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ]y And it came to jiass, when the wall
+was built, that I set up the doors; and then
+were appointed the gatekeepers and the
+singers and the (other) Levites (to their
+offices).
+
+2 And I gave my brother Chanani, and
+Chananyah the commander of the fortress,
+cliarge over Jerusalem; for he was esteemed
+a faithful man, and one that feared God these
+many days.*
+
+3 And I said unto them, Tlie gates of
+Jerusalem must not be opened until the sun
+be hot; and while ye* stand by, let them
+shut the doors, and do ye bar them; and
+station watches of the inhabitants of Jerusa-
+lem, every one in his watch, and every one
+opposite to his house.
+
+4 But the city was roomy in space and
+large : while the people therein were few, and
+the houses were not yet built.
+
+5 Tlien did my God put it into my heart,
+and I assembled together the nobles, and the
+rulers, and the people, that they might give in
+
+
+'' llashi. Others, "by many." Kng. ver. "more
+than many."
+
+" Aben Ezra. Lit. "they," referring in the third per-
+son to Chanani and Chananyah. Rashi, "while the
+gates stand open they should not niove till they be chisei}
+and locked."
+
+
+NEHEMIAH VII.
+
+
+their genealogy; and I found a register of
+the genealogy of those who were come up at
+the first, and I found written therein :
+
+6 ^ These are the children of the pro-
+vince, that came up out of the captivity of
+the exiles, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of
+
+• Babylon had carried into exile, and who re-
+turned to Jerusalem and to Judah, every
+one unto his own city;
+
+7 Who came with Zerul)babel, Jeshua',
+Nehemiah, 'Azaryah, Ra'amyah, Nachamani,
+Mordecai, Bilshan, Missjjereth, Bigvai, Ne-
+chum, Ba'anah. The number of the men of
+the people of Israel was :
+
+8 The children of Par'osh, two thousand
+one hundred and seventy and two.
+
+9 The children of Shephatyah, three hun-
+dred seventy and two.
+
+10 The children of Arach, six hundred
+fifty and two.
+
+11 The children of Pachath-moab, of the
+children of Jeshua' and Joab, two thousand
+and eight hundred and eighteen.
+
+12 The children of 'Elam, one thousand
+two hundred fifty and four.
+
+13 The children of Zatthu, eight hundred
+forty and five.
+
+14 The children of Zaccai, seven hundred
+and sixty.
+
+15 The children of Binnui, six hundred
+forty and eight.
+
+16 The children of Bebai, six hundred
+twenty and eight.
+
+17 The children of 'Azgad, two thousand
+three hundred twenty and two.
+
+18 The children of Adonikam, six hun-
+dred sixty and seven.
+
+19 The children of Bigvai, two thousand
+sixty and seven.
+
+20 The children of 'Adin, six hundi-ed
+fifty aiid five.
+
+21 The children of Ater of Hezekiah,
+ninety and eight.
+
+22 The children of Chashum, three hun-
+dred twenty and eight.
+
+23 The children of Bezai, tiiree hundred
+twenty and four.
+
+24 The children of Chariph, one hundred
+and twelve.
+
+25 The children of Gib'on, ninety and
+five.
+
+26 The men of Beth-lechem and Neto-
+phahj one hundred eighty and eight.
+
+
+27 The men of 'Anathotli, one hundred
+twenty and eight.
+
+28 The men of Beth-'azmaveth, foi ty ami
+two.
+
+29 The men of Kiryath-ye'ariiii. Kephi-
+rah, and Beeroth, seven hundred fort}- and
+three.
+
+30 The men of Ramah and Gaba', six hun-
+dred twenty and one.
+
+31 The men of Michmass. one hundred
+twenty and two.
+
+32 The men of Betli-el and 'Ai, one hun-
+dred twenty and three.
+
+33 The men of the other Nebo, fifty and
+two.
+
+34 The children of the other 'Elam. one
+thousand two hundred fifty and four.
+
+35 The children of Cliarim, three hundred
+and twenty.
+
+36 The people of Jericho, three hinidred
+forty and five.
+
+37 The people of Lod. Chadid, and Quo,
+seven hundred and twenty" and one.
+
+38 The people of Senaali. three thousand
+nine hundred and thirty.
+
+39 The priests: The children of Jeda'yah,
+of the house of Jeshua', nine hundred seventy
+and three.
+
+40 The children of Inmier. one thousand
+fifty and two.
+
+41 The children of Pashchur, one thou-
+sand two hundred forty and seven.
+
+42 The children of Charim. one thousand
+and seventeen.
+
+43 The Levites : The children of Jeshua',
+of Kadmiel, of the children of Ilodevali,
+seventy and four.
+
+44 The singers: The children of Assaph,
+one hundred forty and eight.
+
+45 The gatekeepers: The children of Slial-
+lum, the children of Ater, the children of
+Talmon, the children of 'Akkub, the children
+of Chatita, the children of Sliobai. one hun-
+dred thirty and eight.
+
+46 The temple-servants: The children of
+Zicha, the children of Chassupha, the children
+of Tabba'oth,
+
+47 The children of Keross, the children of
+Si'a, the children of Padon,
+
+48 The children of Lebana, the children
+of Chagaba, the children of Salmai.
+
+49 The children of ('hanan, the tliildren
+of Giddel, the children of Gachar.
+
+931
+
+
+NEHEMIAH VII. VIII.
+
+
+50 The children of Reayah, the children
+of Rezin, the children of Nekoda,
+
+51 The children of Gazzam, the children
+of 'Uzza, the children of Passeilch,
+
+52 The cliildren of Bessai, the children of
+Me'unim, the children of Nephishessini,
+
+53 The children of Bakbuk, the children
+of Chakupha, the children of Charchur,
+
+54 The children of Bazlith, the children
+of Mechida, the children of Charsha,
+
+55 The children of Barkoss, the children
+of Sissera, the children of Tliamach,
+
+56 The children of Neziach, the children
+of Chatipha.
+
+57 The children of Solomon's servants:
+The children of Sotai, the children of Sophe-
+reth, the children of Perida,
+
+58 The children of Ya'ala, the children of
+Darken, the children of Giddel,
+
+59 The children of Shephatyah, the chil-
+dren of Chattil, the children of Pochereth-
+hazzebayim, the children of Amon.
+
+60 All the temple-servants, and the chil-
+dren of Solomon's servants, were three hun-
+dred ninety and two.
+
+61 Tl And these v^'ere they who came up
+from Thel-melach, Thel-charsha, Kerub, Ad-
+don, and Immer; but they could not tell
+their family division and their descent, whe-
+ther they were of Israel :
+
+62 The children of Delayah, the children
+of Tobiyah, the children of Nekoda, six hun-
+dred forty and two.
+
+63 And of the priests: The children of
+Chobayah, the children of Hakkoz, the chil-
+dren of Barzillai who had taken a wife from
+the daughters of Barzillai the Gil'adite, and
+was called after their name.
+
+64 These sought for tlieir family register,
+but it was not found: wherefore they were
+excluded, as unfit, from the priesthood.
+
+65 And the Thirshatha said unto them,
+that they slv)uld not eat of the most holy
+things, till there should stand uji a priest with
+the Urim and Tliummim.
+
+66 The whole congregation together was
+forty and two thousand three hundred and
+sixty :
+
+67 Besides these were their man-servants
+and their maid-servants, nf whom there were
+
+
+' Ainlioiii
+BWod."
+
+9aa
+
+
+'auil cxi)l:uiH'd all that it omild be undor-
+
+
+seven thousand three hundred thirty and
+seven ; and they had two hundred and forty
+and five singing men and singing women.
+
+68 Their horses were seven hundred thirty
+and six; their mules, two hundred forty and
+five;
+
+69 (Their) camels, four hundred thirty
+and five; (their) asses, six thousand seven
+hundred and twenty.
+
+70 And a portion of the chiefs of the divi-
+sions gave unto the work. The Thirshatha
+gave to the treasure, of gold one th(jusand
+drachms, fifty bowls, five hundred and thirty
+coats for the priests.
+
+71 ][ And some of the chiefs of the divi-
+sions gave to the treasury of the work, of gold
+twenty thousand drachms, and of silver two
+thousand and two liundred manehs.
+
+72 And what the rest of the people gave
+was, of gold twenty thousand drachms, and
+of silver two thousand manehs, and priests'
+coats sixty and seven.
+
+73 So the priests, and the Levites, and the
+gatekeepers, and the singers, and some of
+the people, and the temple-servants, and all
+Israel, dwelt in their cities: and so came
+round the seventh month, while the children
+of Israel were in their cities.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 And all the people gathered them-
+selves together as one man into the open
+place which is before the water-gate; and
+they said unto 'Ezra the expounder that
+he should bring forward the book of the
+law of Moses, which the Lord commanded
+to Israel.
+
+2 Then did 'Ezra the priest bring forward
+the law before the congregation both of men
+and women, and every one that had under-
+standing" to listen (attentively), on the first
+day of tlie seventh month;
+
+3 And he read therein in the open place
+which is before the water-gate from the first
+daylight until midday, before the men and
+the women, and those that could understand :''
+and the ears of all the people were directed
+unto the book of the law.
+
+4 And 'Ezra the expounder stood upon an
+elevated stand of wood, which they had made
+
+'' Arnheiii), "teachers," i. e. that could explain; I'hi-
+li]i|isou, "and of thojse that explained."
+
+
+NEHEMIAH VIII. IX.
+
+
+for the purpose: and beside liini stood Mat'
+tliitliyali, and Sliema', and 'Anayah, and Uri-
+yali, and Chilkiyah, and Ma'asseyah, on his
+right liand; and on his left, Peda^yali, and
+Mishael, and Malkiyah, and Chashuni, and
+Chashbadanah, Zechariah, (and) MeshuHam.
+. 5 And 'Ezra opened tlie book before the
+eyes of all the people; for he was (standing)
+higher than all the people; and as he opened
+it, all the people became silent."
+
+6 And 'Ezra blessed the Lord, the great
+God: and all the people answered, Amen,
+Amen, with lifting uj) their hands; and they
+bowed their heads, and prostrated themselves
+before the Lord with their f\ices to the
+ground.
+
+7 Also Jeshua', and Bani, and Sherebyah,
+Jamin, 'Akkub, Shabbethai, Ilodiyah, Ma-
+'asseyah, Kelita, 'Azaryah, Jozabad, Chanan,
+Pelayah, and the Levites, explained to the
+people the law: while the people reniiiined
+where they stood.
+
+8 So they read in the book, in the law of
+God distinctly, and exhibiting the sense: so
+that (the people) understood what was read.
+
+9 ^ Then said Nehemiah, that is the Tliir-
+shatha,'' and 'Ezra the priest the expounder,
+and the Levites that explained to the people,
+unto all the people. This day is holy unto
+the Lord your God: mourn not, and weep
+not. For all the people were weeping, when
+they heard the words of the law.
+
+10 Then said he unto them, Go your way,
+eat fat things, and drink sweet drinks, and
+send portions unto him for whom nothing is
+prepared; for this day is holy unto our Lord :
+and do not grieve yourselves; but let the jo}-
+of the Lord be your stronghold.
+
+11 So the Levites quieted all the people,
+saying, Be still ! for the day is holy ; and do
+not grieve yourselves.
+
+12 And all the people went their way to
+eat, and to drink, and to send out portions,
+and to prepare for themselves great joy ; be-
+cause they had understood the words which
+(the others) had made known luito them.
+
+13 ^ And on the second day there gathered
+themselves together the chiefs of the divisions
+
+
+' Rashi and Aben Ezra. Arnhoim and others, literally,
+"stood up."
+
+' Grovernor; as in vii. 65, it refers to Zerubbabel.
+
+° Abeu Ezra, "or," and so all through. Arnheim
+
+
+of all the people, the priests, and the Levites,
+unto 'Ezra the expounder, to obtain again
+intelligence of the words of the law.
+
+14 And they found written in the law that
+the Lord had commanded through means of
+Moses, that the children of Israel should
+dwell in booths during the feast in the
+seventh month.
+
+15 And (they ordered) that the\' should
+publish and have proclamation made through-
+out all their cities, and through Jerusalem,
+saying. Go forth unto the mountain and
+fetch olive-leaves, and" oleaster-leaves, and
+myrtle-leaves, and palm-leaves, and leaves
+of the three-leaved myrtle, to make booths,
+as it is written.
+
+16 And the people went forth, and brought
+them ; and they made themselves booths,
+every one upon his roof, and in their courts,
+and in the courts of the house of God, and in
+the open place by the water-gate, and in the
+open place by the gate of Ephraim.
+
+17 And all the congregation that were re-
+turned out of the captivity made booths, and
+dwelt in the booths; for since the days of
+Jeshua' the son of Nun until that day the
+children of Israel had not done so. And
+there was very great joy.
+
+18 And he read in the book of the law of
+God, day by day, from the first day until the
+last day. And they celebrated the feast
+seven days, and on the eighth day the solemn
+assembly, after the prescribed manner.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ And on the twenty and fourth day
+of this month were the children of Israel as-
+sendjled with fasting, and in sackclothes, and
+with earth upon them.
+
+2 And the seed of Israel separated them-
+selves from all children of the stranger?;;
+and they stood forward and made confession
+for their sins, and the iniquities of their
+fathers.
+
+3 And they stood up in their standing-
+place, and read in the book of the law of the
+Lord their God the fourth part of the day;
+and another fourth part they made confes-
+
+
+renders 'S^r with "foliage," which would then be the
+branches with the leaves; otherwise, vh}f means lea/, not
+branch. Phili'ppson, "branches." n3;r |';7 is the well-
+known three-leaved myrtle, not "thick trees."
+
+933
+
+
+NEHEMIAH IX.
+
+
+sion, and prostrated themselves before the
+Loud their God.
+
+4 ^ Then stood up upon the stairs of the
+Levites, Jeshua', and Bani, Kadmiel, She-
+banyah, Bunni, Sherebjah, Bani, and Ke-
+nani, and they cried with a loud voice unto
+the Lord their God.
+
+5 Then said the Levites, Jeshua', and
+Kadmiel, Bani, Chashabne^ah, Sherebyah,
+Hodiyah, Shebanyah, and Pethachyah, Arise !
+bless ye the Lord your God from eternity to
+eternity. And let men bless thy glorious
+name, which is exalted above all blessing and
+praise.
+
+6 Thou indeed art the Eternal One alone:
+it is thou that hast made the heavens, the hea-
+vens of heavens, with all their liost, the earth,
+and all that is upon her, the seas, and all
+that is in them, and thou givest life to them
+all; and the host of the heavens bow down
+before thee.
+
+7 Thou art indeed the Lord the (true) God,
+who didst choose Abram, and bring him forth
+out of Ur of the Chaldeans, and change his
+name to Abraham ;
+
+8 And thou didst fnid his heart faithful
+before thee; and thou madest with him the
+covenant to give the land of the Canaanites,
+the Hittites, the Emorites, and the Perizzites,
+and the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, — to
+give it to his seed; and thou hast performed
+thy words; for thou art righteous.
+
+9 And thou didst see the affliction of our
+fathers in Egypt, and their cry didst thou
+hear by the Red Sea;
+
+10 And thou didst display signs and won-
+ders on Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and
+on all the people of his land; for thou knewest
+that they had dealt presumptuously against
+them; and thou didst (thus) make thyself a
+ntime, as it is this day.
+
+11 And the sea didst thou divide before
+them, so that they })assed through tlie midst
+of the sea on dry land ; and their pursuers
+didst thou throw into the deeps, like a stone
+in mighty waters.
+
+12 And by a inUnv of cloud didst thou
+lead them in the day, and by a pillar of fire
+in the night, to give light unto them on the
+way whereon they should go.
+
+* Aben Ezra; meaning, the Canaanites were scattered
+BO that they flod buforo Lsrael. Ua.shi, "and thuu gavest
+them their possesijiou in a corner;" explaining, that they
+934
+
+
+ong-sufFering, and abundant in
+
+
+13 Also on mount Sinai earnest thou down,
+and spokest with them from heaven ; and thou
+gavest them upright ordinances, and truthful
+laws, good statutes and commandments;
+
+14 And thy holy sabbath madest thou
+known unto them, and commandments, sta-
+tutes, and a law didst thou enjoin on them,
+by the hand of Moses thy servant.
+
+15 And bread from heaven didst thou give
+them for their hunger, and water out of the
+rock broughtest thou forth for them for their
+thirst ; and thou didst order them to go in to
+take possession of the land concerning which
+thou hadst lifted up thy hand to give it unto
+them.
+
+16 And they and our fathers acted pre-
+sumptuously, and hardened their neck, and
+hearkened not to thy commandments.
+
+17 And they refused to obey, and remem-
+bered not thy marvellous deeds which thou
+hadst done with them; but they hardened
+their neck, and (spoke of) appointing a chief
+to return to their bondage, in their rebellion ;
+but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious
+and merciful
+kindness, and forsookest them not.
+
+18 Yea, although they had made for them-
+selves a molten calf, and said, 'This is thy
+god that hath brought thee up out of Egypt,'
+and had practised great provocations :
+
+19 Yet in thy abundant mercies didst thou
+not forsake them in the wilderness ; the pillar
+of cloud departed not from them by day, to
+lead them on the way ; nor the pillar of fire
+by night, to give them light on the way
+whereon they should go.
+
+20 And thy good spirit thou gavest to
+make them intelligent, and thy manna thou
+withheldest not from their mouth, and water
+thou gavest them for their thirst.
+
+21 And forty years didst thou provide for
+them in the wilderness ; they lacked nothing ;
+tlieir clothes did not wear out, and their feet
+swelled not.
+
+22 Thou gavest them also kingdoms and
+nations, which thou didst divide into various
+corners :" and they took possession of the
+land of Sichon, even the land of the king of
+Cheshbon, and the land of 'Og the king of
+Bash an.
+
+(the Israelites) should not mingle with the other nations.
+Herxhcimor, " thou gavest tliem possessions on ali
+
+sides."
+
+
+NE HEM I AH IX. X.
+
+
+23 Ami their chiUlren didst thou multiply
+like the stars of heaven, and tlien broughtest :
+them into the land, concerning which thou
+hadst ordered their lathers to enter in to take
+jjossession of it.
+
+24 And the children entered in and took
+possession of the land ; and thou didst hum-
+ble before them the inhabitants of the land,
+the Cana'anites, and gavest them up into
+their hands, with their kings, and tlie na-
+tions of the land, tliat they might do with
+them according to their pleasure.
+
+25 And they captured fortified cities, and
+a fiit soil; and they took possession of houses
+full of all good things, hewn-out wells, vine-
+yards, and olive-yards, and fruit trees in abun-
+dance ; and they ate, and were satisfied, and
+became fat, and delighted themselves in thy
+great goodness.
+
+20 Then became they disobedient, and re-
+belled against thee, and cast th}- law behind
+their back, and they slew thy prophets who
+had warned them to bring them back unto
+thee, and they practised great provocations.
+
+27 Thereupon thou gavest them up into
+the hand of their adversaries, wdio oppressed
+them : and in the time of their distress they
+used to cry unto thee, and thou ever heardest
+them from heaven ; and according to thy
+abundant mercies thou wast wont to give
+them helpers, who helped them out of the
+hand of their adversaries.
+
+28 But when (once more) they had rest,
+they did again evil before thee : wherefore
+thou didst leave them in the hand of their
+enemies, so that they had dominion over
+them ; and when they returned, and cried
+unto thee, thou wast wont to hear them from
+heaven, and thou didst ever deliver them ac-
+cording to thy mercies many times.
+
+29 And thou gavest them warning to bring
+them back unto thy law : yet they acted pre-
+sumptuously, and hearkened not unto thy
+conmiandments, and sinned against thy or-
+dinances, which a man is to do, that he may
+live through them ; and they rendered their
+shoulder rebellious, and hardened their neck,
+and would not hear.
+
+30 Yet thou gavest them indulgence man^-
+years, and didst Avarn them through thy
+spirit by means of thy prophets ; but they gave
+
+* By being subject to foreign control.
+
+
+no ear : therefore didst thou give them u[)
+into the hand of the nations of the lands.
+
+31 Yet in thy abundant mercies hast thou
+not made an entire end of them, and thou
+hast not forsaken tliem ; for a gracious and
+merciful God art thou.
+
+32 And now, our God, the great, the mighty,
+and the terrible God, who keepest the cove-
+nant and kindness, let not be esteemed as
+little before thee all the hardship that hath
+befallen us, on our kings, on our princes, and
+on our priests, and on our prophets, and on
+our fathers, and on all thy people, from the
+days of the kings of Assyria until this day.
+
+33 Nevertheless thou art righteous in all
+that is come over us ; tor thou hast acted
+(according to) truth, but we have done wick-
+edly.
+
+34 Also our kings, our priests, and our
+fathers have not executed thy law, and have
+not listened unto thy connnandments and thy
+testimonies, wherewith thou didst warn them.
+
+35 But they in their kingdom, and in thy
+abundant goodness which thou hadst given
+unto them, and in the ample and fat land
+which thou liadst given up before them, did
+indeed not serve thee, and they turned not
+away from their wicked deeds.
+
+36 Behold, we are this day servants: and
+as regardeth the land that thou gavest unto
+our fathers to eat its fruit and its good things,
+behold, we are servants in it;"
+
+37 And it yieldeth its products in abun-
+dance for the kings whom thou hast set over
+us because of our sins ; also over our bodies
+have they dominion, and over our cattle (also)
+at their pleasure, and we are in great dis-
+tress.
+
+CHAPTER X.^
+
+1 And because of all this, we make a faith-
+ful covenant, and write it down ; and on the
+sealed document are our princes, our Levites,
+and our priests.
+
+2 And with those whose seal was affixed
+were, Nehemiah the Tirshatha the son of
+Chachal3ah, and Zidkiyah.
+
+3 (Then) Serayah, 'Azaryah, Jeremiah,
+
+4 Pashchur, Amaryah, Malkiyah,
+
+5 Chattush, Shebanyah, Malluch,
+
+6 Charim, Meremoth, 'Obadiah,
+
+
+* The English versiou commences chap. x. at verse 2.
+
+
+NEHEMIAH X.
+
+
+7 Daniel, Ginnethon, Banich,
+
+8 Meshullani, Abiyah, Mijamin,
+
+9 Ma'azyah, Bilgai, Shema'yah : these were
+the priests.
+
+1(3 And the Levites : Jeshiia' the son of
+Azanyah, Binnui, of the sons of Clienadad,
+Kadmiel ;
+
+11 And their brethren, Shebanyah, Ho-
+diyah, Kelita, Palayah, Chanan,
+
+12 Micha, Kechob, Chashabyah,
+
+10 Zaccur, Sherebyah, Shebanjali,
+
+14 Hodiyah, Bani, Beninu.
+
+15 The chiefs of the people : Par'osh, Pa-
+chath-moab, 'Elam, Zattliu, Bani,
+
+IG Bunni, 'Azgad, Bobai,
+
+17 Adoniyah, Bigvai, 'Adin,
+
+18 Ater, Chizkiyah, 'Azzur,
+
+19 Hodiyah, Chashuni, Bezai,
+
+20 Chariph, 'Anathoth, Nebai,
+
+21 Magpi'ash, Meshullam, Chezir,
+
+22 Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua',
+
+23 Pelatyah, Chanan, 'Anayah,
+
+24 Hoshea', Chananvah. Chasshub,
+
+25 Hallochesh, Pilclia, Shobek,
+
+26 Rechum, Chashabnah, Ma'asseyah,
+
+27 And Achiyah, Chanan, 'Anan,
+
+28 Malluch, Cbarim, Ba'anah.
+
+29 And the rest of the people, the priests,
+the Levites, the gatekeepers, the singers, the
+temple-servants, and all those that had sepa-
+rated themselves from the nations of the
+lands unto the law of God, their wives, their
+sons, and their daughters, every one having
+knowledge, and having understanding,
+
+30 Held firmly with their brethren, their
+nobles, and entered into a curse, and into an
+oath, to walk i)i the law of God, which was
+given through means of Moses the servant of
+God, and to observe and to do all the com-
+mandments of the Eternal One, our Lord,
+and his ordinances and his statutes ;
+
+31 And that we would not give our daugh-
+ters unto the people of the land, nor take
+their daughters for our sons;
+
+32 And that if the people of tlie land
+should bring wares or any provisions on the
+sabbatii ilay to sell, we would not buy of
+them on tlie sabbath, or on (another) holy
+day; and that we would leave (the fields
+without i'eai)ing in) the seventh year, and
+(give up) every loan of hand.
+
+33 And we established for us as one of
+the commandments to impose on ourselves
+
+930
+
+
+(to give) the third part of a shekel in every
+year for the service of the house of our God ;
+
+34 For the shew-jjread, and for the con-
+tinual meat-offering, and for the continual
+burnt-offering, (for those of) the sabbaths, of
+the new-moons, for the appointed feasts, and
+for the holy things, and for the sin-offerings
+to make an atonement for Israel, and (for)
+all the work of the house of our God.
+
+35 And we, the priests, the Levites, and
+the people, cast lots concerning the procuring
+of the wood, to bring it into the house of our
+God, unto the house of our fathers," at fixed
+times, year by year, to burn upon the altar
+of the Lord our God, as it is written in the
+law;
+
+36 And'' to bring the first-fruits of our
+ground, and the first-fruits of all fruit of all
+trees, year by year, unto the house of the
+Lord;
+
+37 And also the first-born of our sons, and
+of our (unclean) cattle, as it is written in the
+law, and to bring the first-born of our herds
+and of our flocks to the house of our God,
+unto the priests that minister in the house of
+our God;
+
+38 And that we would bring the first por-
+tion of our dough, and our heave-offerings,
+and this of the fruit of all manner of trees,
+of wine and of oil, to the priests, unto the
+chambers of the house of our God, and the
+tithes of our ground unto the Levites; and
+that these same Levites should be the re-
+ceivers of the tithes in all the cities of our
+land-tillage ;
+
+39 And that the priest the son of Aaron
+should l3e with the Levites, when the Levites
+receive the tithes; and that the Levites should
+bring up the tithe of the tithes unto the house
+of our God, to the chambers, into the treasure-
+house.
+
+40 For into the chambers shall the chil-
+dren of Israel and the children of Levi bring
+the heave-ofi'ering of the corn, of the new
+wine, and the oil, and there shall be the ves-
+sels of the sanctuary, and the priests that
+minister, and the gatekeepers, and the sing-
+ers: and that we will not forsake the house of
+our God.
+
+
+' Rashi takes this to be another term fur the temple,
+which was already isaiictificd in the time of Israel's fore-
+fathei's. '■ This connects- witli vcr.se 33.
+
+
+NEIIEMIAII XT.
+
+
+CHAPTER XL
+
+
+1 And the rulers of the people dwelt at
+Jerusalem : and the rest of the people cast
+lots, to bring one of every ten to dwell in
+Jerusalem the holy city, and the nine parts
+to (remain) in the (other) cities.
+
+2 And the people blessed all the men,
+that offered themselves voluntarily to dwell
+at Jerusalem.
+
+3 *[[ Now these are the chiefs of the pro-
+vince that dwelt in Jerusalem; but in the
+cities of Judah dwelt every one in his posses-
+sion in their cities, (to wit,) Israel, the priests,
+and the Levites, and the temple-servants, and
+the children of Solomon's servants.
+
+4 And at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the
+children of Judah, and of the children of
+Benjamin. Of the children of Judah: 'Atha-
+yah the son of 'Uzziyah, the son of Zecha-
+ri;di, the son of Amaryah, the son of She-
+l)hatyah, the son of Mahalalel, of the chil-
+dren of Perez ;
+
+5 And Ma'asseyah the son of Baruch, the
+son of Kol-chozeh, the son of Chazayah, the
+son of 'Adayah, the son of Joyai'ib, the son
+of Zechariah, the son of Hashiloni;
+
+6 All the sons of Perez that dwelt at
+Jerusalem w^ere four hundred sixty and eight
+valiant men.
+
+7 Tf And these are the sons of Benjamin:
+Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Jo'ed,
+the son of Pedayah" the son of Kolayah, the
+son of Ma'asseyah, the son of Ithiel, the son
+of Jessha'yah ;
+
+8 And next to him Gabbai, Sallai; nine
+hundred twenty and eight.
+
+9 And Joel the son of Zichri was overseer
+over them ; and Judah the son of Hassenuah
+was second over the city
+
+10 ^ Of the priests: Jedayah the son of
+Joyarib, Jachin;
+
+11 Serayah the son of Chilkiyah, the son
+of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of
+Merayoth, the son of Achitub, the superin-
+tendent of the house of God ; j
+
+12 And their brethren who did the work
+of the house, eight hundred twenty and two;
+and 'Adayah the son of Jerocham, the son of
+Pelalyah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zecha-
+riah, the son of Pashchur, the son of Malki-
+yah;
+
+13 And his brethren, chiefs of the divi-
+
+6S '
+
+
+sions, two hundred forty and two; and'Amash-
+sal the son of 'Azarel, the son of Achsai, the
+son of Mt'shilleuioth, the son of Immer;
+
+14 And tlieir brethren, mighty men of va-
+lour, one hundred twenty and eight; and the
+overseer over them was Zabdiel, the son of
+Haggedolim.
+
+15 ^ Also of the Levites: Shema'yah the
+son of Chasshub, the son of 'Azrikam, the son
+of Chashabyah, the son of Bunni ;
+
+16 And Shabbethai and Jozabad, of the
+chiefs of the Levites, had the oversight of the
+outward business of the house of God;
+
+17 And Matthaniah the son of Micha, the
+son of Zal)di, the son of Assaph, the principal
+to begin the thanksgiving at prayer; and
+Bakbukyali the second among his brethren
+and 'Alxla the son of Shammua', the .son of
+Galal, the son of Jeduthun.
+
+18 All the Levites in the holy city were
+two hundred eighty and four.
+
+19 And the gatekeepers, Akkulj, Talmon
+and their brethren that watched at the gates,
+w'ere one hundred seventy and two.
+
+20 And tlie residue of Israel, of the
+priests, and the Levites, were in all the cities
+of Judah, every one in his inheritance.
+
+21 But the temple-servants dwelt in the
+hill-fort; and Ziclia and Gislipa were over
+the temple-servants.
+
+22 And the overseer of the Levites at
+Jerusalem was 'Uzzi the son of Bani, the son
+of Chashabyah, the son of Matthanyah, the
+son of Micha, one of the sons of Assaph, the
+singers, over the business of the house of
+God.
+
+23 For the king's command was obligatory
+on them; and there was a fixed rate for the
+singers, the requirement of every day on its
+day.
+
+24 And Pethachyah the son of Meshezal>
+el, of the children of Zerach the son of Ju-
+dah, was at the king's hand in every thing
+concerning the people.
+
+25 And respecting the villages with their
+fields, some of the children of Judah dwelt at
+Kiryath-arba' and in its villages, and at Di-
+bon and in its villages, and at Jekabzeel and
+in its villages,
+
+26 And at Jeshua', and at Moladah, and
+at Betli-phelet,
+
+27 And at Chazar-shu'al, and at Beer-she-
+
+ba' and in its villages,
+
+ya7
+
+
+NEHEMIAH XI. XII.
+
+
+28 And at Ziklag, and at Mechonah and
+in its villages,
+
+29 And at 'En-rimmon, and at Zor'ah, and
+at Yarrauth,
+
+30 Zanoach, 'Adullam, and in their vil-
+lage.s, at Lachish and its fields, at 'Azekah
+and in its villages. And they dwelt from
+Beer-sheba' as far as the valley of Hinnom.
+
+31 And the ehi'dren of Benjamin (dwelt),
+beginning from Geba', at Michmash, and 'Ay-
+ya, and Beth-el, and in their villages,
+
+32 'Anathoth, Nob, 'Ananyah,
+
+33 Chazor, Ramah, Gittayim,
+
+34 Chadid, Zebo'im, Neballat,
+
+35 Lod, and Ono, the valley of the carjjen-
+ters.
+
+36 And of th? Levites dwelt certain divi-
+sions in Judah, and in Benjamin.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 Tf And these are the priests and the Le-
+vites that came up with Zerubbabel the son
+of Sheillthiel, and Jeshua' : Serayah, Jere-
+miah, 'Ezra,
+
+2 Amaryah, Malluch, Chattush,
+
+3 Shechanyah, Rechum, Meremoth,
+
+4 'Iddo, Ginnethoy, Abiyah,
+
+5 Miyamin, Ma'adyah, Bilgah,
+
+6 Sliema'yah, and Joyarilj. Jed'ayah,
+
+7 Sallu, 'Amok, Chilkiyah, Jed'ayah. These
+were the chiefs of the priests and of their
+brethren in the days of Jeshua'.
+
+8 ^f And the Levites: Jeshua', Binnui,
+Kadraiel, Sherebyah, Judah, and Mattha-
+niah, who was over the songs of thanksgiv-
+ing, he and his l^rethVen ;
+
+9 And Bakbukyah and 'Unni, their bre-
+thren, were opposite to them in the watches.
+
+10 And Jeshua'" begat Joyakim, and Joya-
+kim begat Elyashib, and Elyashib begat Joya-
+da',
+
+11 And Joyada' begat Jonathan, and Jona-
+than begat Jaddua'.
+
+12 And in the days of Joyakim were
+priests, as chiefs of the divisions: Of Serayah,
+Merayah; of Jeremiah, Chananyah;
+
+13 Of 'Ezra, Meshullam; of Amaryah, Je-
+hochanan;
+
+' Rashi remarks that all these were high-priests; there-
+fore it is suppo.sod that those verses 10 and 11 were
+added by the elders after Nclioiiiiah, unless the Darius of
+verse 22 was Nothus, nut ("odomauus; as there can have
+heeu two Jadduas high priosts.
+'.t.m
+
+
+14 Of Melichu, Jonathan; of Shebanyah,
+Joseph ;
+
+15 Of Charim, 'Adna; of Merayoth, Chel-
+kai;
+
+16 Of 'Iddo, Zechariah ; of Ginnethon, Me-
+shullam ;
+
+17 Of Aljiyah, Zioliri; t)f Minyamin, of
+Mo'adyah, Piltai;
+
+18 Of Bilgah, Shammua'; of Shem'ayah,
+Jehonatlian;
+
+19 And of Joyarib, Matthenai; of Jeda'-
+yah, 'Uzzi;
+
+20 Of Sallai, Kallai; of 'Amok, 'Eber;
+
+21 Of Chilkiyah, Chashabyah ; of Jeda'yah,
+Net h an el.
+
+22 Of the Levites in the days of Elyashib,
+Yoyada', and Yochanan, and Jaddua'. are
+written down tlie chiefs of the divisions :
+also those of the priests to the reign of
+Darius the Persian.
+
+23 ^1 The sons of Levi, the chiefs of the
+divisions were written down in the book of
+the chronicles, even until the days of Jocha-
+nan the son of Elyashib.
+
+24 And the chiefs of the Levites were:
+Chashabyah, Shei-ebyah, and Jeshua' the son
+of Kadraiel, with their brethren opposite to
+them, to praise and to give thanks, according
+to the command of David the man of God,
+section by section.
+
+25 Matthanyah, and Bakbukyali, 'Oba-
+diah, Meshullam, Talmon, 'Akkub, were
+watching gatekeepers on the watch at the
+thi'esholds" of the gates.
+
+26 These were in the days of Joyakim, the
+son of Jeshua', the son of Jozadak, and in
+the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of
+'Ezra the priest, the expounder.
+
+27 Tl And at the dedication of the wall of
+Jerusalem they sought the Levites out of all
+their places, to brmg them to Jerusalem, to
+celebrate the dedication with joy," with
+thanksgivings, and with singing, cymbals,
+psalteries, and with harps.
+
+28 And there gathered themselves toge-
+ther the sons of the singers, both out of the
+district round about Jerusalem, and from the
+villages of Netophah;
+
+
+"' Rashi, 'iJDXD as'i3D3. Others, "at the treasury cham-
+bers," from nox " to gather."
+
+° Arnheim, "and a joyful festival with thanksgiv
+ing," &c. The same rendering is also adopted by Phi-
+lippsou here and elfiewhere.
+
+
+NEHEMIAH XII. XIII.
+
+
+29 Also from Betli-liagilgal, and out of the
+fields of Geba' and Azniaveth ; for the singers
+had built themselves villages round about
+Jerusalem.
+
+30 And the priests and the Levites purified
+themselves, and then they purified the people,
+and the gates, and the wall.
+
+31 Then brought I up the princes of Judali
+upon the wall, and stationed two great com-
+panies for thanksgiving, and trains to walk
+on the right hand upon the wall by the dung-
+gate ;
+
+32 And after them walked Ilosha'yah, and
+half of the princes of Judah,
+
+33 And 'Azaryah, 'Ezra, and MeshuUam,
+
+34 Judah, and Benjamin, and Shema'yah,
+and Jeremiah ;
+
+35 And of the sons of priests' with trum-
+pets, Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son
+of Shema'yah, the son of Matthanyah, the
+son of Michayah, the son of Zaccur, the son
+of Assapli;
+
+36 And his brethren, Shema'yah, and ' Azar-
+el, Milalai, Gilalai, Ma'ai, Nethanel, and
+Judah, Chanani, with the musical instru-
+ments of David the man of God; and 'Ezra
+the expounder walked before them.
+
+37 And over the fountain-gate, and straight
+before them, they went up by the stairs of
+the city of David, at the ascent of the wall,
+above the house of David, even as far as the
+watei'-gate, eastward.
+
+38 And the other company for thanksgiv-
+ing that walked in the opposite direction to
+them, — this one did I follow, and the half
+of the people upon the wall, from beyond
+the tower of the ovens even as far as the
+broad wall ;
+
+39 And above the gate of Ephraim, and
+above the old gate, and above the fish-gate,
+and the tower of Chananel, and the tower of
+Meah, even as far as the sheep-gate; and
+they halted at the prison-gate."
+
+40 So did the two companies for thanks-
+
+
+giving place themselves in the house of God,
+and I, and the half of the rulers with me.
+
+41 And the priests, Elyakim, Ma'asseyah,
+Minyamin, Michayah, Elyo'enai, Zechariah,
+and Chananiah, with trumpets;
+
+42 And Ma'asseyah, and Shema'3ah, and
+El'azar, and 'Uzzi, and Jehochanan, and Mal-
+kiyah, and 'Elam, and 'Ezer. And the singers
+sang aloud,"" with Yisrachyah as their over-
+seer.
+
+43 And they sacrificed on that day great
+I sacrifices, and rejoiced; for God had caused
+
+them to rejoice with great joy ; and also the
+women and the children rejoiced: so that
+the (shout of) joy of Jerusalem was heard
+even at a great distance off.
+
+44 And there were appointed at that day-
+certain men as superintendents over the cham-
+bers for the treasuries, for the heave-ofi'er-
+ings, for the first-fruits, and for the tithes, to
+gather into them out of the fields of the cities
+the portions according to the law for the
+priests and the Levites; for Judah had joy
+on the priests and on the Levites that stood
+there,
+
+45 And° kept the charge of their God, and
+j the charge of the j^urification, and as singers
+! and gatekeepers, according to the connnand
+
+of Da\dd, (and) of Solomon his son.
+
+46 For in the days of David and Assaph
+of old there were chiefs of the singers, and
+songs of praise and thanksgiving unto God.
+
+I 47 And all Israel in the days of Zerubba-
+i bel, and in the days of Nehemiah, gave the
+
+portions of the singers and the gatekeeper,
+
+what was required for every day on its day ;
+
+and they sanctified things for the Levites;
+
+and the Levites sanctified (the portion due)
+
+for the children of Aaron.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ^ On that day there was read in the book
+of Moses before the ears of the people; and
+there was found written therein, that no 'Am-
+
+
+' The princes and priests were divided into two compa-
+nies on the wall, 'Ezra going before one, and Nehemiah
+following the other. Thus they marched in a row oppo-
+site ways, in the circuit of the wall ; the Levites playing
+upon instruments and singing praises to God, and the
+people accompanying them on each side, part of them on
+the wall, and part, it may be supposed, by the side of it.
+When they met on the opposite side of the city, they
+marched in a body to the temple, and offered sacrifices
+and thanksgivings with rejoicings.
+
+
+'' Lit. " caused to be heard" (themselves).
+
+° This veKe is a continuation of verse 44, " that stood
+there and kept the charge." &c.
+
+" As it would appear that Nehemiah had been absent
+for some time in Persia, whither he had returned after a
+residence in Palestine of about twelve years, the transac-
+tion in this chapter must have taken place on the second
+arrival in Palestine. Perhaps "that same day" refers to
+the day of the year, the first of the seventh month, as
+above, viii. 2.
+
+939
+
+
+NEHEMIAH XIII.
+
+
+monite or Moilbite should come into the con-
+gregation of God for ever;
+
+2 Because they had not met the children
+of Israel with bread and with water, but had
+hh'ed Bil'am against them, that he should
+curse them; although our God had changed
+the curse into a blessing.
+
+3 And it came to pass, when they had
+heard the law, that they sejijarated all the
+alien mixture from Israel.
+
+4 And before this, Elyashib the priest, ap-
+pointed" over the chambers of the house of
+our God, and a near (of kin) unto Tobiyah,
+
+5 Had prepared for him a large chamber,
+where tliey had laid in former times the
+meat-offerings, the frankincense, and the ves-
+sels, and the tithes of the corn, the new wine,
+and the oil, which was ordained for the Le-
+vites, and the singers, and the gatekeepers,
+and the heave-offering of the priests.
+
+6 But during all this I was not at Jerusa-
+lem ; for in the two and thirtieth year of Ar-
+taxerxes the king of Babylon I went back
+unto the king, and after the lapse of some
+time I obtained jjy request (leave) of the
+king;"
+
+7 And I came to Jerusalem, and perceived
+the evil that Elyashib had done tor Tobiyah,
+in preparing for him a chaml)er in the courts
+of the house of God.
+
+8 And it displeased me greirtly: wherefore
+I cast forth all the household vessels of Tobi-
+yah away out of the chamber.
+
+9 And I gave the order, whereupon tliey
+cleansed the chambers ; and I had bi-ought
+thither again the vessels of the house of God,
+with the meat^oftering and the frankincense.
+
+10 And I perceived that the portions of
+the Levites had not been given (them) : so
+tliat the Levites and the singers, that used to
+do tlie work, were fled every one to his field.
+
+11 Then contended I with tlie rulers, and
+said, Why hath the house of God become for-
+saken? And I gathered them together, and
+placed them on their posts.
+
+12 And all Jiulah Ijrouglit the trtlie of the
+corn and the new wine and the oil unto the
+treasuries.
+
+13 And I appointed receivers over the
+
+
+treasuries, Shelemyah the priest, and Zadok
+the scribe, and Pedayah of the Levites; and
+with them acted" Chanan the son of Zaccui',
+
+I the son of Matthanyah; for they were ac-
+
+J counted as faithful, and it was their duty to
+make a distribution among their brethren.
+
+i 14 Tl Remember me, 0 my God, concern-
+ing this, and wipe not out my pious deeds
+which I have done for tlie house of my God,
+
+ii and for those that had charge of it.
+
+15 In those da3s I saw in Judah some
+treading wine-presses on the sabbath, and
+bringing in sheaves, and lading Ijurdens on
+asses, as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all
+manner of burdens, which they Ijrought into
+Jerusalem on the sabbath day; and I warned
+them on the day whereon they sold provi-
+sions.'*
+
+16 Also the men of Tyre (that) dwelt
+therein Ijrought fish and all Ivinds of wares,
+and sold (them) on the sabbath unto the
+children of Judah and in Jerusalem.
+
+17 Then I contended with the nobles of
+Judah, and said unto them. What evil thing
+is this which ye are doing, and profaning
+(thereby) the sabbath day?
+
+18 Did not your fathers act thus, where-
+fore our God brought over us all this evil,
+and over this city? and ye bring yet more
+wrath over Israel by profaning the sabbath.
+
+19 And it came to pass, that, when the
+i shadows were lengthened' in the gates of
+
+Jerusalem before the sabbath, I gave the
+order, whereupon the gates ^^ere locked, and I
+ordered that they should not be opened till
+after the sabbath: and some of my young
+men did I place at the gates, that there
+
+j should be brought in no burden on the sab-
+
+I bath-day.
+
+20 But the merchants and sellers of all
+kinds of wares lodged outside of Jerusalem
+once or twice.
+
+21 Thereupon did I warn them, and said
+unto them, Why do ye lodge along the wall?
+if ye do so again, I will lay hanils on you.
+From that time forth they came no more on
+the sabbath.
+
+22 ^ And I ordered the Levites that they
+should cleanse themselves, and that they
+
+
+Arnheimand Philipp.son, "residing in
+
+
+" [ler.xlunincr
+a ciianiljer," &c
+
+'' Zuiii!,placesthijfsecondjourneyofNeheniiahin3564,
+eight years after his return.
+940
+
+
+" ]jit "And by their liaiid."
+
+'' Arnheim, "and I examined witnesses concerning- the
+day," &c I'hilippson, " I forbade on that day the sale," &c.
+• "Just by .sundown "
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES T.
+
+
+should come and keep watch at the gates, to
+sanctify the sabljath-chiy. Also this remem-
+ber unto me, 0 my (iod, and shield nie ac-
+cording to the abundance ot" thy kindness.
+
+23 In those days also I saw certain Jews
+that had bi-ought home wives of Ashdod, of
+Amnion, and of Moilb:
+
+24 And their children spoke partly- in the
+speech of Ashdod, and did not understand to
+speak in the Jewish language, but according to
+the language of one or the other people.
+
+25 And I contended with them, and cursed
+them, and smote certain of them, and plucked
+out their hair, and made them swear by God,
+saying. Ye shall not give your daughters unto
+their sons, nor take their daughters for your
+sons, nor for yourselves.
+
+26 Did not Solomon the kingof Israel sin bv
+these things? and although among the many
+nations there was never a king like him, and j
+
+
+beloved as he was by his (Jod, and (iod had
+placed him as king over all Israel: nevertheless
+even him did the alien women mislead to sin.
+
+27 Shall we then hear it said of you, that
+ye do all this great evil, to trespass against
+our Clod in Ijringiiig home alien wives?
+
+28 And one of the sons of Joyada', the
+son of El^ashib the high priest, was son-in-
+law to Sanl)allat the Choronite: wherefore I
+chased him away from me.
+
+29 Remember (this) unto them, O my God,
+because of the defilements of the i)riestliood,
+and of the covenant of the priesthootl, and
+of the Levites.
+
+30 Thus cleansed I them from all aliens,
+and I appointed the watches of the priests and
+the Levites, every one in his work;
+
+31 And for the procuring of the wood, at
+fixed times, and for the first-fruits. Remem-
+ber this unto me, 0 my God, for good.
+
+
+THE FIRST BOOK OF CHRONICLES,
+
+
+'X D'tD'H '-\21 1DD-
+
+
+CHAPTER L
+
+1 ^ Adam. Sheth, Enosh,
+
+2 Kenan, Mehalalel, Jered,
+
+3 Enoch, Methushelah, Lemech.
+
+4 Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
+
+5 The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Ma-
+gog, and Madai, and Javan, and Thubal, and
+keshech, and Thirass.
+
+6 And the sons of Gomer : Ashkenas, and
+Diphatli, and Thogarmah.
+
+7 And the sons of Javan : Elishah, and
+Tharshishah, Kittim, and Rodanim.
+
+8 The sons of Ham : Cnsh, and Misrayim,
+Put, and Canaan.
+
+9 And the sons of Cush : Seba, and Chavi-
+lah, and Sabta, and Ra'mah, and Salitecha.
+And the sons of Ra'mah : Sheba, and De-
+dan.
+
+10 And Cush begat Nimrod: this one be-
+gan to be a mighty man upon the earth.
+
+11 And Mizrayim begat the Ludim, and
+
+
+the 'Anamim, and the Lehabim, and the
+Naphtuchim.
+
+12 And the Pathrussim. and the Casslu-
+chim, of whom came the Philistines, and the
+Caphthorim.
+
+13 T[ And Canaan begat Zidon, his first-
+born, and Heth,
+
+14 And the Jebusite, and the Emorite. and
+the Girgashite,
+
+15 And the Hivite, and the Arkitc, and
+the Sinite,
+
+16 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite,
+and the Chamathite.
+
+17 Tl The sons of Shem: 'Elam. and As-
+shur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram,
+and 'Uz, and Chul, and Gether, and Meshech.
+
+18 ^ And Arpachshad begat Shelach, and
+Shelach begat 'Eber.
+
+19 And unto 'Eber were born two- sons:
+the name of the one was Peleg; because in
+his days the earth was divided; and his bro-
+ther's name was Joktau,
+
+941
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES I. II.
+
+
+20 And Joktan begat Almodad, and She-
+leph, and Chazarinaveth, and Jerach,
+
+21 And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
+
+22 And 'Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba,
+
+23 And Ophir, and Chavilah, and Jobab.
+All these were the sons of Joktan.
+
+24 ^ Shem, Arpachshad, Shelach,
+
+25 'Eber, Peleg, Re'u,
+
+26 Serug, Nachor, Terach,
+
+27 Abram, the same is Abraham.
+
+28 ^1 The sons of Abraham: Isaac, and
+Ishma'el.
+
+29 ^ These are their generations: The
+first-born of Ishma'el, Nebayoth, then Kedar,
+and Adbeel, and Mibsam,
+
+30 Mishma', and Dumah, Massa, Chadad,
+and Thema,
+
+31 Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These
+are the sons of Ishmael.
+
+32 ^ And the sons of Keturah, the con-
+cubine of Abraham: she bore Zimran, and
+Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Yish-
+bak, and Shuach. And the sons Jokshan :
+Sheba, and Dedan.
+
+33 And the sons of Midian : 'Ephah. and
+'Epher, and Chanoch, and Abida', and Elda"-
+ah. All these are the sons of Keturah.
+
+34 ^ And Abraham begat Isaac. The
+sons of Isaac: Esau and Israel.
+
+35 T[ The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Re'uel,
+and Ye'ush, and Ya'lam, and Korach.
+
+36 The sons of Eliphaz: Thenian. and
+Omar, Zephi, and Ga'tam, Kenas, and Thim-
+naV ;xnd 'Amalek.
+
+37 Tl The sons of Re'uel: Nachath, Ze-
+rach, Shammah, and Mizzah.
+
+38 And the sons of Se'ir: Lotan, and Sho-
+bal, and Zib'on, and 'Anah, and Dishon, and
+Ezer, and Dishan.
+
+39 T[ And the sons of Lotan : Chori, and
+Homam : and the sister of Lotan : Thimna'.
+
+40 T[ The sous of Shobal: 'Alyan, and
+Manachath, and 'Ebal, Shephi, and Onam.
+And the sons of Zib'on : 'Ayah, and 'Anah.
+
+41 ^ The sons of 'Anah: Dishon. And
+the sons of Dishon: Chamran, and Eshban,
+and Yithran, and Cheran.
+
+42 1[ The sons of Ezer: Bilhan, and Za-
+'avan, and Ja'akan. The sons of Dishan:
+'Uz, ahd Aran.
+
+
+* In Gen. xxxviii., Thimna' is the concubine, not tlie
+son of Eliphaz.
+94a
+
+
+43 Tl And these are the kings that reigned
+in the land of Edom before there reigned any
+king over the children of Israel : Bela' the
+son of Be'or; and the name of his city was
+Dinhabah.
+
+44 And Bela' died, and there reigned in
+his stead Jobab the son of Zerach of Bozrali.
+
+45 And Jobab died, and there reigned in
+his stead Chusham of the land of Theman.
+
+46 And Chusham died, and there reigned
+in his stead Hadad the son of Bedad, who
+smote Midian in the field of Moab; and the
+name of his city was 'Avith.
+
+47 And Hadad died, and there reigned in
+his stead Samlah of Massrekah.
+
+48 And Samlah died, and there reigned in
+his stead Saiil of Rechoboth by the river.
+
+49 And Saiil died, and there reigned in
+his stead Ba'al-chanan the son of 'Aclibor.
+
+50 And Ba'al-chanan died, and there reign-
+ed in his stead Hadad ; and the name of his
+city was Pa'i; and the name of his wife
+was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the
+daughter of Me-zahab.
+
+51 Hadad died also. And the dukes of
+Edom were: Duke Thimna', duke 'Alvah,
+duke Jetheth,
+
+52 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke
+Pinon,
+
+53 Duke Kenas, duke Theman, duke Mib-
+zar,
+
+54 Duke Magdiel. duke "Iram. These are
+the dukes of Edom.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 TJ These are the sons of Israel: Reuben,
+Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Ze-
+bulun,
+
+2 Dan. Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali,
+Gad, and Asher.
+
+3 ][ The sons of Judah : 'Er, and Onan,
+and Shelah, the three (who) were bom unto
+him of the daughter of Shua' the Canaanitess.
+And 'Er, the first-born of Judah, was evil in
+the eyes of the Lord : and he slew him.
+
+4 And Thamar his daughter-in-law Ijore
+unto him Perez and Zerach. All the sons of
+Judah were five.
+
+5 The sons of Perez : Chezron and Chamul.
+
+6 T[ And the sons of Zerach : Zimri, and
+Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara';
+all of them five.
+
+7 And the sons of Carmi : 'Achar the
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES II.
+
+
+tronbler of Israel, who trespassed against the
+'lovoted things.
+
+8 And the sons of Ethan : 'Azaryah.
+
+9 And the sons of Chezron, that were born
+unto liini : Jerachraeel, and Ram, and Ke-
+Uibai.
+
+10 And Ram begat 'Amminadab, and
+'Amminadab begat Machshon, the prince of
+the cliildren of Judah;
+
+1 1 And Nachslion begat Sahiia, and Sahna
+begat Bo'az,
+
+12 And Bo'az begat 'Obed, and 'Obed be-
+gat Jesse,
+
+13 And Isliai begat his first-born EHab,
+and Abinadab the second, and Shim'a the
+third,
+
+14 Nathanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
+
+15 Ozem the sixth. David the seventh;
+
+16 And their sisters were Zeruyah, and
+AbigayiL And the sons of Zeruyah : Ab-
+shai, and Joiib. and 'Assahel. three.
+
+17 And Abigayil bore 'Amassa: and the
+father of 'Amassa was Jether the Ishme'elite.
+
+18 ^ And Caleb the son of Chezron begat
+(children) of 'Azubah his wife, and of Jeri'-
+oth; and these are her sons: Jesher, and
+Shobab, and Ardon.
+
+1 9 And 'Azubah died, when Caleb took unto
+himself Ephrath, who bore unto him Chur.
+
+20 And Chur begat Uri, and Uri begat
+Bezalel.
+
+21 And afterward came Chezron to the
+daughter of Machir the father of Gii'ad, and
+he took her (for wife) when he was sixty
+years old; and she bore unto him Segub.
+
+22 And Segub begat Ja'ir, who had three
+and twenty cities in the land of Gii'ad.
+
+23 But Geshur and Aram took the small
+towns of Ja'ir from them, witli Kenath, and
+the villages thereof, even sixty cities. All
+these (belonged to) the sons of Machir the
+father of Gii'ad.
+
+24 And after Chezron was dead in Caleb-
+ephratah, then bore Chezron's wife Abiyah
+unto him Ashchur the father of Thekoa'.
+
+25 And the sons of Jerachmeel the first-
+born of Chezron were, Ram the first-born,
+and Bunah, and Oren, and Ozem, and Achi-
+yah.
+
+26 Yerachmeel had also another wife,
+whose name was 'Atarali : she was the
+mother of Onam.
+
+27 And the sons of Ram the lirst-lxirn of
+
+
+Jerachmeel were, Ma'az, and Janiin, and
+:Eker.
+
+28 And the sons of Onam were, Shammai,
+and Jada'. And the sons of Shammai : Na-
+dab, and Abishur.
+
+29 And the name of the wife of Abisiiui-
+was Abichayil, and she bore unto him Acliljan.
+and Molid.
+
+30 And the sons of Nadab: Seled, and Ap-
+payim; and Seled died without children.
+
+31 And the sons of Appayim : Yish'i. And
+the sons of Yish'i: Sheshan. And the sons
+of Sheshan : Achlai."
+
+32 And the sons of Jada the brother of
+Shammai : Jether, and Jonathan ; and Jether
+died without children.
+
+33 And the sons of Jonathan •. Peleth, and
+Zaza. These were the sons of Jerachmeel.
+
+34 Now Sheshan had no sons, but daugh'-
+ters. And Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian,
+whose luime was Jarcha'.
+
+35 And Sheshan gave his daughter unto
+Jarcha' his servant for wife: and she bore
+unto him 'Attai.
+
+36 And 'Attai begat Nathan, and Nathan
+begat Zabad,
+
+37 And Zabad begat Ephlal, and Ephlal
+begat 'Obed,
+
+38 And 'Obed begat Jehu, and Jeliu Ijegat
+'Azaryah,
+
+39 And 'Azaryah begat Chelez, and Che-
+lez begat El'assah,
+
+40 And El'assah begat Sissmai, and Siss-
+mai begat Shallum,
+
+41 And Shallum begat Jekamyah, and Je-
+kamyah begat Elishama'.
+
+42 Now the sons of Caleb the brother of
+Jerachmeel were, Mesha', his first-born, who
+was the iather of Ziph, and of the sons of
+Mareshah the father of Hebron.
+
+43 And the sons of Hebron: Korach, and
+Thappuach, and Rekem, and Shema'.
+
+44 And Shema' begat Racham, the father
+of Jorke'am; and Rekem begat Shammai.
+
+45 And the son of Shammai was Ma'on;
+and Ma'on was the father of Beth-zur.
+
+46 And 'Ephah, Caleb's concubine, bore
+Charan, and Moza, and Gazez; and Charan
+begat Gazez.
+
+47 And the sons of Jahdai: Regem. and
+
+
+' Rashi renders, " the sons of Shesban were sicklj^
+(and died childless),
+
+94S
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES II. III. IV.
+
+
+Jotham, and Gesliam, and Pelet, and 'Ephah,
+and Siia'aph.
+
+48 Ma'achah, Caleb's concubine, bore She-"
+ber, and Tirchanab.
+
+49 She bore also Sha'apb the father of
+Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbena,
+and the father of Gib'a: and the daughter of
+Caleb was 'Achsah.
+
+50 These were the sons of CalelK Ben-
+chur, the first-born of Ephratah, Sliobal the
+father of Kiryath-ye'arim,
+
+51 Salma the father of Beth-lechem, Cha-
+reph the father of Beth-gader.
+
+52 And Shobal the father of Kir'yath-ye'a-
+rim had sons : Ilaroeh, and Chazi-hammenu-
+choth."
+
+53 And the families of Kir'yath-ye'arim are
+the Yithrites, and the Puthites, and the Shu-
+mathites, and the Mishra'ites : from these
+came the Zor'athites, and the Eshthaiilites.
+
+54 The sons of Salma : Beth-lechem, and
+the Netophathites, 'Ataroth'' of the house of
+Joab, and Chazi-hammanachthi, the Zoi-'ite.
+
+55 And the families of the scribes" who
+dwelt at Jabez : the Thirathites, the Shim'a-
+thites, and Suchathites. These are the Ke-
+nites that came from Chammath, the father
+of the house of Rechab.
+
+CHAPTER TIL
+
+1 ^ And these were the sons of David, who
+were born unto him in Hebron : The first-
+born, Amnon, of Achino'ara the Jizre'elitess;
+the second, Daniel, of Abigayil the Carmel-
+itess ;
+
+2 The third, Alxshalom the son of Ma'achah
+the daughter of Thalmal the king of Geshur ;
+the fourth, Adoniyah the son of Chaggith;
+
+?> The fifth, Shephatyah of Abltal ; the
+sixth. Yithre'am of 'Eglah his wife.
+
+4 Six were Ijorn unto him in Hebron : and
+he reigned there seven years and six months;
+and thirty and three years he reigned in
+Jerusalem.
+
+5 ^[ And theaa were born unto him in
+Jerusalem : Shim'a, aud Sliobab, and Nathan,
+and Solomon, four, of Bathshua' the daugh-
+ter of 'Ammiel ;
+
+6 And Yibchar, and Elishama', and Eli-
+phelet,
+
+* Rashi, "the ruler over half the province of Menu-
+choth." •> Philipp.s(iii, "'Atrolh, Beth-joab."
+
+° Others, So^ihcrim, uh a pnijicr imuu.
+944
+
+
+7 And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia',
+
+8 And Elishama', and Elyada,' and Eli-
+phelet, nine.
+
+9 (These were) all the sons of David, be-
+side the sons of the concubines, and Thamar
+their sister.
+
+10 Tl And Solomon's son was Rehobo'am,
+Abiyah his son, Assa his son, Jehoshaphat
+his son,
+
+11 Joram his son, Achazyahu his son,
+JoJish his son,
+
+12 Amazyahu his son, 'Azaryah his son,
+Jotham his son,
+
+13 Achaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Me-
+nasseh his son,
+
+14 Anion his son, Josiah his son.
+
+15 And the sons of Josiah were, the first-
+born Jochanan, the second Jehoyakim, the
+third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
+
+16 And the sons of Jehoyakim : Jechon-
+yah his son, Zedekiah his son.
+
+17 And the sons of Jechonyah : Assir.
+Shealthiel his son,
+
+18 And Malkiram, and Pedayah, and Shen
+azzar, .Jekamyah, Hoshama', and Nedabyah.
+
+19 And the sons of Pedayah* were, Zerub-
+babel, and Shim'i : and the sons of Zerub-
+babel were, Meshullam, and Chananyah, and
+Shelomith their sister ;
+
+20 And Chashubah, and Ohel, and Berech-
+yah, and Chassad3^ah, Jushab-chessed, five.
+
+21 And the sons of Chananyah : Pelatyah,
+and Jesha'yah ; the sons of Rephayah, the
+sons of Arnan, the sons of 'Obadiah, the sons
+of Shechanyah.
+
+22 And the sons of Shechanyah : She-
+ma'yah ; and the sons of Shema'yah were,
+Chattush. and Yigal, and Bariach, and Ne'ar-
+yab, and Shaphat, six.
+
+23 And the sons of Ne'aryah : Elyo'enai,
+and Hezekiah, and 'Azrikam, three.
+
+24 And the sons of Elyo'enai were, Ho-
+davyahu, and Elyashib, and Pelayah, and
+'Akkub, and Jochanan, and Delayah, and
+'Anani, seven.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 Tl The sons of Judah: Perez, Chezron,
+and Carmi, and Chur, and Shobal.
+
+2 And Reayah the son of Shobal begat
+
+* Eedak suggests that Pedayah may have been the son
+of Shoiilthiel, wherefore Zei'ubbabel is called elsewhere the
+son of Shealthiel.
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES IV.
+
+
+Jachath ; and Jacliath begat Acluiiuai, and
+Laliad. These are the families of the Zor'ath-
+ites.
+
+3 Tf Aiid these were (those of) the father of
+'Etain, Jizre'el, and Yishnia, and Yidbash :
+and the name of their sister was Hazzelel})oni.
+
+4 And Penuel the father of Gedor, and
+'Ezer the father of Chushah. These are the
+sons of Cliur. the first-born of Ephratali, the
+father of Beth-lechem.
+
+5 And Ashchur the father of Thekoa had
+two wives, Chehili and Na'arah.
+
+6 And Na'arah bore him Achuzzam, and
+Chepher, and Themeni, and Halichashthari.
+These were the sons of Na'arah.
+
+7 And the sons of Chehih were, Zereth, and
+Zochar, and Ethnan.
+
+8 And Koz begat 'Anub and Hazzobebah,
+and the families of Acharchel the son ol' Ha-
+ruiu.
+
+9 And Ja'bez was more honoural)le than
+his brothers; and his mother called his
+name Ja'bez, saying, Because I bore him in
+pain.
+
+10 And Ja'bez called on the God of Israel,
+saying. Oh that thou wouldst bless me in-
+deed, and enlarge my boundary, and that
+thy hand might be with me, and that thou
+wouldst act for me against the evil, that it
+may not give me pain ! And God granted
+him what lie had asked for.
+
+11 And Kelub the brother of Shuchah be-
+gat Mechir, who was the father of Eshthon.
+
+12 And Eshthon begat Beth-rapha, and
+Passeiich, and Techinnah the father of 'Ir-
+nachash. These are the men of Rechah.
+
+13 And the sons of Kenas : 'Othniel and
+Serayah. And the sons of 'Othniel : Cha-
+thath.
+
+14 And Me'onothai begat 'Ophrah : and
+Serayah begat Joiib, the father" of tlie valley
+of the carpenters ; for they were carpenters.
+
+15 And the sons of Caleb the son of Je-
+phunneh : 'Iru, Elah, and Na'am. And the
+sons of Elah : Ukenas.
+
+IG And the sons of Jehalelel : Ziph, and
+Ziphah, Thireya, and Assarel.
+
+17 And the sons of 'Ezi'ah : Jether, and
+Mered, and 'Epher, and Jalon. And she
+
+
+' The word "father" here used, as also frequently in
+these genealogies, means ancestor nf the people of the place
+lueutioued.
+
+0 T
+
+
+conceived (and bore)'' Miriam, and Shammal,
+and Yishbach the father of Eshtheinoa.
+
+18 And his wife the Jewess bore Jered the
+father of Gedor, and Cheber the father of
+Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of ZanoUch.
+And these are the sons of Bithyah the daugh-
+ter of Pharaoh, whom Mered had ttiken (for
+wife) .
+
+19 And the sons of the wife of Hodiyah
+the sister of Nacham: The lather of Kei'lah
+the Garmite, and Eshthemoa the Ma'achath-
+ite.
+
+20 And the sons of Shimon : Annion, and
+Rinnah, Ben-chanan, and Thilon. And the
+sons of Yish'i were, Zocheth, and Ben-zoclietli.
+
+21 The sons of Shelah the son of Judali:
+'Er the father of Lechah, and La'dah the
+father of Mareshah, and the families of the
+house of those that wrought fine linen, of the
+house of Ashbeti',
+
+22 And Jokim, and the men of Coze1)a,
+and Joilsh, and Saraph, who had dominion
+in Motib, and Jashulai-lechem. And these
+are ancient things.
+
+23 There were the potters, and those that
+dwelt in plantations and sheepfolds : for the
+king's sake to do his work they dwelt there.
+
+24 ^ The sons of Simeon : Nemuel, and
+Jamin, Jarib, Zerach, and Saiil.
+
+25 Shallum his son, Mibsam his son, Mish-
+ma' his son.
+
+26 And the sons of Mishma' : Hamuel his
+son, Zaccur his son, Shim'i his son.
+
+27 And Shim'i had sixteen sons and six
+daughters; but his brethren had not many
+children, nor did all their famih' multiply,
+equal to the children of Judah.
+
+28 And thej' dwelt at Beer-sheba', and
+Moladah, and Chazar-shu'al,
+
+29 And at Bilhah, and at 'Ezem, and at
+Tholad,
+
+30 And at Bethuel, and at Chormali, and
+at Ziklag,
+
+31 And at Beth-marcaboth, and Chazar-
+sussim, and at Beth-biri, and at Sha'arayim.
+These were their cities until the reign of David.
+
+32 And their villages were 'Etam, and
+'Ayin, Rimmon, and Tochen, and 'Ashan, five
+cities ;
+
+'' It is probable that the latter part of verse 18 should
+be transposed before this passage, so that "she" spoken
+of here is Billi\ah.
+
+945
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES IV. V.
+
+
+33 And all their villages that were round
+about these same cities, as far as Ba'al. These
+were their dwelling-places, and after them
+are thej recorded."
+
+34 And Meshobab, and Jamlech, and Jo-
+shah the son of Amazyah,
+
+35 And Joel, and Jehu the son of Joshib-
+yah, the son of Serayah, the son of 'Assiel,
+
+36 And Elyo'enai and Ja'akobah, and Je-
+shochayah, and 'Assayah, and 'Adiel, and
+Jessimiel, and Benayah,
+
+37 And Ziza the son of Shiph'i, the son of
+Allon, the son of Jedayah, the son of Shiniri,
+the son of Shema'yah :
+
+38 These mentioned hy their names were
+princes in their families; and their family
+divisions spread themselves out greatly.
+
+39 And they went to the entrance of Ge-
+dor, as far as the east side of the valley, to
+seek pasture for their flocks.
+
+40 And they found a fat and good pas-
+ture, and the land was roomy, and quiet, and
+peaceable ; for descendants of Ham dwelt
+there before that time.
+
+41 And then came these written down by-
+name in the days of Hezekiah the king of
+Judah, and smote their tents, and the ha-
+bitations^ that were found there, and de-
+stroyed them utterly unto this day, and
+dwelt in their stead; because there was pas-
+ture there for their flocks.
+
+42 And some of them, even of the sons of
+Simeon, five hundred men, went to mount
+Se'ir having at their head Pelatyah, and
+Ne'aryah, and Rephayah, and 'Uzziel, the
+sons of Yish'i.
+
+43 And they smote the rest of the 'Amalek-
+ites'' that were escaped, and dwelt there unto
+this day.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 ^ And the sons of Reuben the first-born
+of Israel — for he was the first-born; but,
+when he defiled his father's l)ed, was his
+biithright given unto the sons of Joseph the
+son of Israel : so that the genealogy is not to
+be reckoned after the first-birth.
+
+2 For Judah became the mightiest of his
+brothers, and the prince descended from
+
+
+• Znnz.
+
+'' Others, iiiit "the iiiliiibitaiits," but "Me'unim," tbc
+people of Ma'on.
+946
+
+
+him: while the first^birthright belonged to
+Joseph. —
+
+3 ^ The sons of Reuben the first-born of
+Israel were, Chanoch, and Pallu, Chezron,
+and Carmi.
+
+4 The sons of Joel : Shema'yah his son,
+Gog his son, Shim'i his son,
+
+5 Michah his son, Reayah his son, Ba'al
+his son,
+
+6 Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneesser
+the king of Assyria carried into exile : he was
+the prince of the Reiibenites.
+
+7 And his brethren by their families, ac-
+cording to their genealogy after their genera-
+tions, were, the chief, Je'iel, and Zecharyahu,
+
+8 And Bela' the son of 'Azaz, the son of
+Shema', the son of Joel, who dwelt in 'Aro'er,
+and as far as Nebo and Ba'al-me'on;
+
+9 And to the eastward he dwelt as fiir as
+the entrance of the wilderness from the river
+Euphrates;* because their cattle were nume-
+rous in the land of Gil'ad.
+
+10 And in the days of Saiil they made
+war with the Hagarenes, who fell by their
+hand; and they dwelt in their tents in the
+whole front of the land to the east of Gil'ad.
+
+11 T[ And the children of Gad dwelt along-
+side of them, in the land of Bashan as far as
+Salchah.
+
+12 Joel the chief, and Shapham the next,
+and Ja'nai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
+
+13 And their brethren according to their
+family divisions were, Michael, and Meshul-
+1am, and Sheba', and Jorai, and Ya'kan, and
+Zia', and "Eber, seven.
+
+14 ^ These are the children of Abichayil
+the son of Churi, the son of Jaroiich, the son
+of Gil'ad, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshi-
+shai, the son of Jachdo, the son of Buz :
+
+15 Achi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni,
+the chief of their family division.
+
+16 And they dwelt in Gil'ad, in Bashan,
+and in its minor towns, and in all the open
+districts of Sliaron, as far as their terminations.
+
+17 All these were recorded by their gene-
+alogies in the days of Jotham the king of
+Judah, and in the days of Jerobo'am the king
+of Israel.
+
+18 ^ The sons of Reuben, and the Gad-
+
+
+° t. e. From the defeat which they suflFered at the hriiuls
+of Saiil, the first king of Israel.
+
+'' i. c. The desert which commences there.
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES V. VI.
+
+
+ites, and the half tribe of Menasseh, of valiant
+men, men able to beai- shield and sword,
+and to draw the bow, and practised in war,
+were four and forty thousand seven hundred
+and sixty, that went out to the ai-mj'.
+
+19 And they made war with the Haga-
+renes, and Jetur, and Naphish, and Nodab.
+
+20 And they obtained help against them,
+and the Hagarenes were delivered into their
+hand, and all that were with them; for to
+God the}- cried in the battle, and he was en-
+treated lay them; because they put their trust
+in him.
+
+21 And they led away captive their cat-
+tle: of their camels fifty thousand, and of
+sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and
+of asses two thousand, and of human Ijeings
+one hundred thousand.
+
+22 For there fell down many slain ; because
+the war was of God. And they dwelt in
+their stead until the exile.
+
+23 ^ And the children of the half tribe of
+Menasseh dwelt in the land: from Bashan
+unto Ba'al-chermon and Senir and mount
+Chermon were they numerous.
+
+24 And these were the heads of their
+family divisions: namely, 'Epher, and Yish'i,
+and Eliel, and 'Azriel, and Jeremiah, and
+Hodavyah, and Jachdiel, mighty men of va-
+lour, famous men, (and) heads of their family-
+divisions.
+
+25 ^ But they trespassed against the God
+of their fathers, and went astray after the
+gods of the people of the land, whom God
+had destroyed from before them.
+
+26 And the God of Israel stirred up the
+spirit of Pul the king of Assyria, and the
+spirit of Tilgath-pilnesser the king of Assyria,
+and he carried them into exile, even the
+Relibenites, and the Gadites, and the half
+tribe of Menasseh, and brought them unto
+Chalach, and Chabor. and Hara. and to the
+river Gozan, even until this day.
+
+27' Tf The sons of Levi : Gershon, Kehat-h,
+and Merari.
+
+28 ^[ And the sons of Kehath : 'Amrara,
+Yizhar, and Chebron, and 'Uzziel.
+
+29 ^ And the children of 'Amram : Aa-
+ron, and Moses, and Miriam. And the sons
+of Aaron: Nadab, and Abihu, El'azar, and
+Ithamar.
+
+' The English version conHneuce.< here ohapttr vi.
+
+
+30 El'azar begat Phineluus. Phinehas l)egat
+Abishua',
+
+31 And Abishua' begat Bukki, and Uiikki
+begat 'Uzzi,
+
+32 And 'Uzzi begat Zerachyali. and Zcracli-
+yah begat Merayoth,
+
+33 Merayoth begat Amaryah. anil Aiiiar-
+yah begat Achitub,
+
+34 And Achitub begat Zadnk. and Zadok
+begat Achima'az,
+
+35 And Achima'az begat 'Azaryah, and
+'Azar^ah begat Jochanan,
+
+36 And Jochanan begat 'Azaryah, he it is
+that officiated as priest in the house that
+Solomon had built in Jerusalem ;
+
+37 And 'Azaryah begat Aiuaiyah, and
+Amaryah begat Achitub,
+
+38 And Achitub begat Zadok, and Zadok
+begat Shallum,
+
+39 And Shallum begat Chilkiyah, and
+Chilkiyah begat 'Azaryah,
+
+40 And 'Azaryah begat Serayah, and Se-
+rayah begat Jehozadak,
+
+41 And Jehozadak went away, wlien the
+Lord carried Judah and Jerusalem into exile
+through the hand of Nebuchadnezzar.
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+1 T[ The sons of Levi : Gershom, Kehath,
+and Merari.
+
+2 And these ai-e the names of the sons of
+Gershom: Libni, and Shim'i.
+
+3 And the sons of Kehath were. 'Auiram,
+and Yizhar, and Chebron, and 'Uzziel.
+
+4 The sons of Merari: Machli, and Muslii.
+And these are the families of the Levites ac-
+cording to their fathers.
+
+5 Of Gershom : Liljni his son, Jachath his
+son, Zimmah his son,
+
+6 Yoiich his son, 'Iddo his son, Zerach his
+son, Yeiitherai his son.
+
+7 The sons of Kehath: 'Amminadab his
+son, Koracli his son. Assir his son,
+
+8 Elkanah his son, and Ebyassaph his son,
+and Assir his son,
+
+9 Tachath his son, Uriel his son, 'Uzziyah
+his son, and Saiil his son.
+
+10 And the sons of Elkanah: 'Amassai,
+and Achimoth,
+
+11 (And) Elkanah. The sons of Elkanah :
+Zophai his son, and Nachath his son.
+
+12 Eliiib his son, Jerocham his son. Elka-
+
+„ nab his son.
+
+'■HI
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES VI.
+
+
+13 And the sons of Samuel : the first-born
+Vashni, and Abiyah.
+
+14 The sons of Merari : Machli, Libni his
+son, Sliim'i liis son, 'Uzzali his son,
+
+15 Shini'a his son, Chaggiyah his son, 'As-
+sayah his son.
+
+16 ^ And these are those whom David
+appointed for the purpose of conducting the
+singing in the house of the Lord, after the
+ark had a resting-place.
+
+17 And they ministered before the taber-
+nacle of the tent of the congregation with
+singing, until Solomon built the house of the
+Lord in Jerusalem ; and they acted" accord-
+ing to their prescribed manner in their ser-
+vice.
+
+18 And these are those that so acted with
+their sons. Of the sons of the Kehathites :
+Heman the singer, the son of Joel, the son of
+Samuel,
+
+19 The son of Elkanah, the son of Je-
+rocham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toach,
+
+20 The son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah,
+the son of Machath, the son of 'Amassai,
+
+21 The son of Elkanah, the son of Joel,
+the son of 'Azaryah, the son of Zephanyah,
+
+22 The son of Tachath, the son of Assir,
+the son of Ebyassaph, the son of Korach,
+
+23 The son of Yizhar, the son of Kehath,
+the son of Levi, the son of Israel.
+
+24 ^ And his relative Assaph was he, who
+stood on his right hand, (even) Assaph the
+son of Berachyah, the son of Shim'a,
+
+2-3 Tlie son of Michael, the son of Ba'as-
+seyah, the son of Malkiyah,
+
+26 The son of Ethni, the son of Zerach,
+the son of 'Adayah,
+
+27 The son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah,
+the son of Shim'i,
+
+28 The son of Jachath, the son of Ger-
+shom, the son of Levi.
+
+29 ^ And their brethren the sons of Me-
+rari (stood) on the left hand : Ethan the son
+of Kishi, the son of 'Abdi, the son of Mallucli,
+
+30 The son of Chashabyah, the son of
+Amazyah, the son of Chilkiyah,
+
+31 The son of Anizi, the son of Bani, the
+son of Shamer,
+
+32 The son of Machli, the son of Mushi,
+the son of Merari, the son of Levi.
+
+33 And their brethren the Levites were
+
+
+liit. "stouil."
+
+
+y48
+
+
+superadded for all manner of service of the
+tabernacle of the house of God.
+
+34 But Aaron and his sons oflfered upon
+the altar of the burnt-offering, and upon the
+altar of incense, (and were) for all the work
+of the most holy place, and to make an atone-
+ment for Israel, in accordance with all that
+Moses the servant of God had commanded.
+
+35 T[ And these are the sons of Aaron :
+El'azar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua'
+his son,
+
+36 Bukki his son, 'Uzzi his son, Zerachyah
+his son,
+
+37 Merayoth his son, Amaryah his son,
+Achitub his son,
+
+38 Zadok his son, Achima'az his son.
+
+39 ^ And these are their dwelling-places
+with their castles'' in their boundaries : unto
+the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Ke-
+hathites ; for theirs was the (first) lot, —
+
+40 And they gave unto them Hebron in
+the land of Judah, with its open spaces
+round about it.
+
+41 But the fields of the city, and its vil-
+lages, they gave to Caleb the son Jephunneh.
+
+42 11 And to the sons of Aaron they gave
+(of) the cities of refuge Hebron, and Libnah
+with its open spaces, and Jattir, and Eshthe-
+moa', with its open spaces,
+
+43 And Chilen with its open spaces, Debir
+with its open spaces,
+
+44 And 'Ashan with its open spaces, and
+Beth-shemesh with its open spaces.
+
+45 11 And from the tribe of Benjamin,
+Geba' v/ith its open spaces, and 'Alemeth
+with its open spaces, and 'Anathoth with its
+open spaces. And all their cities were thir-
+teen cities after their families.
+
+46 H And unto the sons of Kehath that
+were left of the family of tliat tribe, (were
+given) from the half tribe, the half tribe of
+Menasseh, by lot, ten cities.
+
+47 U And to the sons of Gershom after
+their families, from the tribe of Issachar, and
+from the tribe of Asher, and from the tribe
+of Naphtali, and from the tribe of Menasseh
+in Bashan, (were given) thirteen cities.
+
+48 H Unto the sons of Merari after their
+families, from the tribe of Eeiiben, and from
+the tribe of Gad, and from the tribe of Zebu-
+lun, (were given) by lot, twelve cities.
+
+
+' '/tunz, " llirii>lu iJ'CmIiIj;."' I l(rs,lii
+
+
+' ti'iit-villages.
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES Vll.
+
+
+49 And the children of Israel gave to
+the Levites these cities with their open
+spaces.
+
+50 And they gave by lot from the tribe of
+the children of Judah, and from the tribe of
+the children of Simeon, and from tlie tribe of
+the children of Benjamin these cities, which
+they called by names.
+
+51 ^[ And some of the families of the sons
+of Kehath had the cities of their territory
+from the tribe of Ephraim.
+
+52 And they gave unto them, (of) the
+cities of refuge Sechem with its open spaces
+in the nrountain of Eiihraim, and Gezer
+with its open spaces,
+
+53 And Jokme'am witli its open spaces,
+and Betli-chorou with its open spaces,
+
+54 And Ayalon with its open spaces, and
+Gath-rimmon with its open spaces.
+
+55 And from the half tribe of Menasseh :
+'Aner with its open spaces, and Bil'am with
+its open spaces, for the family of the remain-
+ing portion of the sons of Kehath.
+
+56 ]f Unto the sons of Gershom (were
+given) from the family of the half tribe of
+Menasseh, Golan in Bashan with its open
+spaces, and 'Ashtaroth with its open spaces.
+
+57 Tf And from the tribe of Issachar : Ke-
+desh with its open spaces, Dobratli with its
+open spaces,
+
+58 And Ramoth with its open spaces, and
+'Anera with its open spaces.
+
+59 ^ And from the tribe of Aslier : Mashal
+with its open spaces, and 'Abdon with its
+open spaces,
+
+60 And Cliukok with its open spaces, and
+Rechob with its open spaces.
+
+61 ][ And from the tribe of Naphtali : Ke-
+desh in Galilee with . its open spaces, and
+Chammon with its open spaces, and Kir-
+yathayim with its open spaces.
+
+62 *i\ Unto the remaining portion of the
+children of Merari (were given) from the
+tribe of Zebulun, Rimmono with its open
+spaces, Tabor with its open spaces.
+
+63 And on the other side the Jordan by
+Jericho, on the east side of Jordan, from the
+tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the wilderness with
+its open spaces, and Jahzah with its open
+spaces,
+
+64 And Kedemoth with its open spaces,
+and Mepha'ath with its open spaces.
+
+65 Tl And from the tribe of Gad : Ramoth
+
+
+in Gila'd with its open spaces, and MiU'liiu
+nayim with its open spaces,
+
+06 And Cheshbon with its open spaces,
+and Ja'azer with its open spaces.
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+1 ]| And the sons of Issachar were, Tola',
+and Puah, Yashub, and Shimron, tour.
+
+2 And the sons of Tola' : 'Uzzi, and Re-
+phayah, and Jeriel, and Jachmai, and Yibsam,
+and Shemuel, heads of their family divisions,
+of Tola', being valiant men of might, after
+their descent. Their number in the days of
+David was two and twenty thousand and six
+hundred.
+
+3 ^ And the sons of 'Uzzi: Yizrachyah.
+And the sons of Yizrachyah : Michael, and
+'Obadiah, and Joel, Y^ishiyah, five, chief men
+all of them.
+
+4 And with them according to their de-
+scent, after their family divisions, were bands
+of the army for war, six and thirty thousand
+men ; for they had many wives and sons.
+
+5 And their bret.hren of all the families of
+Issachar were valiant men of might, eighty
+and seven thousand reckoned by their gene-
+alogies in all.
+
+6 ^ Of Benjamin : Bela', and Becher, and
+Jedi'ael, three.
+
+7 And the sons of Bela' : Ezbon, and 'Uzzi,
+and 'Uzziel, and Jerimoth, and 'Iri, five, heads
+of t\imily divisions, being mighty men of va^
+lour; and they were reckoned by their gene-
+alogies twenty and two thousand and thirty
+and four.
+
+8 ^ And the sons of Beclier : Zeniirali, and
+Jo'ash, and Eli'ezer, and Elyo'enai, and 'Omri,
+and Jeremoth, and Abiyah, and 'Anathoth,
+and 'Alemeth. All these are the sons of
+Becher.
+
+9 And reckoned by their genealogy after
+their descent, heads of their family divisions,
+mighty men of valour, there were twenty
+thousand and two hundred.
+
+10 ^1 And the sons of Jedi'ael : Bilhan.
+And the sons of Bilhan : Je'ush, and Benja-
+min, and Ehud, and Kenaanah, and Zetliau,
+and Tharshish, and Achishachar.
+
+11 All these the sons of Jedi'ael, by the
+heads of their divisions, being mighty
+men of valour, were seventeen thousand
+and two hundred, fit to go out to the army
+lor war.
+
+949
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES VII. VIII.
+
+
+12 And Sluippim, and Chuppiin, the chil-
+dren of 'Ir, and Chushim, the sons of Acher.*
+
+13 ^ The sons of Naphtali: Jachziel, and
+Guni, and Jezer, and Shallum, the sons of
+Bilhah.
+
+14 ^ The sons of Menasseh: Assriel,
+whom (his wife)'' bore; his concubine the
+Aramitess bore Machir the father of Gil'ad.
+
+15 And Machir took for wife (the" sister)
+of Chuppim and Shuppim, whose sister's
+name was Ma'achah. And the name of the
+second was Zelophchad : and Zelophchad had
+daugliters.
+
+16 And Ma'achah the wife of Machir bore
+a son, and she called his name Peresh; and
+the name of his brother was Sheresh; and
+his sons were Ulam and Eekem.
+
+17 And the sons of Ulam : Bedan. These
+were the sons of Gil'ad, the son of Machir,
+the son of Menasseh.
+
+18 And his sister Hammolechetli bore
+Ishhod, and Abi'ezer, and Machlah.
+
+19 And the sons of Shemida' were, Ach-
+yan, and Shechem, and Likchi, and Ani'am.
+
+20 ^ And the sons of Ephraim: Shuthe-
+lach,and Bered his son, and Tachath his son,
+and El'adah his son, and Tachath his son,
+
+21 And Zabad his son, and Shuthelach his
+son, and 'Ezer, and El'ad, whom the men of
+Gath that were born in that land slew, when
+they came down to take away their cattle.
+
+22 And Ephraim their father mourned
+many days, and his brethren came to com-
+fort him.
+
+23 And he went in to his wife, and she
+conceived, and bore a son, and he called his
+name Beri'ah, because misfortune* had come
+into his house.
+
+24 And his daughter was Sheerah, who
+built Beth-choron the lower, and the upper,
+and Uzzen-sheerah.
+
+25 And Rephach was his son, also Resheph,
+and Telach his son, and Tachan his son,
+
+26 La'dan his son, 'Ammihud his son,
+Elishama' his son,
+
+27 Non his son, Jehoshua' his son.
+
+28 And their possessions and dwelling-
+places were, Beth-el and its vilhiges, and at
+
+' Others render, "Chushim the son of another,"
+namely, Dan, as otherwise no account is given of this
+tribe. Dr. Philippson and others suggest that Dan is
+not mentioned because thi.s tribe first introduced idolatry.
+(See Judges xviii.)
+9.'>0
+
+
+the east Na'aran, and at the west Gezer,
+with its villages, and Shechem with its vil-
+lages, as far as Gazzah and its villages.
+
+29 Antl Ijy the borders of the children of
+Menasseh: Beth-shean and its villages, Ta'-
+nacli and its villages, Megiddo and its vil-
+lages, Dor and its villages. In these dwelt
+the children of Joseph the son of Israel.
+
+30 ^ The sons of Asher: Yimnah, and
+Yishvah, and Yishvi, and Beri'ah, and Seracb
+their sister.
+
+31 And the sons of Beri'ah: Cheber, and
+Malkiel, who is the fixther of Birzayith.
+
+32 And Cheber begat Yaphlet, and Sho-
+mer, and Chotham, and Shu'a their sister.
+
+33 And the sons of Yaphlet: Passach, and
+Bimhal, and 'Ashvath. These are the chil-
+dren of Yaphlet.
+
+34 And the sons of Shemer: Achi, and
+Rohgah, and Chubbah, and Aram.
+
+35 And the sons of his brother Helem :
+Zophacli, and Yimna', and Shelesh, and
+'Amal.
+
+36 The sons of Zophach: Suach, and Char-
+nepher, and Shu'al, and Beri, and Yimrah,
+
+37 Bezer, and Hod, and Shamma, and
+Shilshali, and Yithran, and Beera.
+
+38 And the sons of Jether: Jephunneh,
+and Pisspah, and Ara.
+
+39 And the sons of 'Ulla: Arach, and
+Chaniel, and Rizya.
+
+40 All these were the children of Asher,
+heads of their famil}- divisions, selected
+mighty men of valour, chiefs of the princes.
+And being recorded according to their gene-
+alogy for the army for the war, their number
+was of men twenty and six thousand.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And Benjamin begat Bela' his firstr
+born, Ashbel the second, and Achrach the
+third,
+
+2 Nochah the fourth, and Rapha the
+fifth.
+
+3 And Bela' had sons, Addar, and Gera,
+and Abihud,
+
+4 And Abishua', and Na'aman, and
+Achotich,
+
+"• The words "his wife" are not in the text.
+
+° These words too are not in the text, which is quite
+obscure.
+
+'' nj;n3 Beri'ah, derived from ritnj Bera'ah "evil,"
+"misfortune," &c.
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES VIII. IX.
+
+
+5 And Gera, and Shepliuphan, and Cliu-
+ram.
+
+6 And these are the sons of P]chud: these
+are the heads of the family divisions of the
+inhabitants of Geba', wlio were exiled to
+Manachath;
+
+7 Both Na'aman, and Achijah; and Gera,
+— he exiled them, and begat 'Uzza, and Achi-
+chud.
+
+S And Shacharayim begat children in the
+fields of MoJib, after he had sent them away
+— Chushira and Ba'ara his wives.
+
+9 And he begat of Chodesh his wife, Jobab,
+and Zibya, and Mesha, and Malkam,
+
+10 And Je'uz, and Shabvah, and Mirmah.
+These were his sons, heads of tamily divi-
+sions.
+
+11 And of Chushim he begat Abitnb, and
+Elpaal.
+
+12 And the sons of Elpa'al: 'Eber, and
+Mish'am. and Shemer, who built Ono, and
+Lod, with its villages;
+
+13 And Beri'ah, and Shema, who were
+the hetuls of the family divisions of the inha-
+bitants of Ayalon; these were those who
+drove away the inhabitants of Gath ;
+
+14 And Achyo, Shashak, and Jeremoth,
+
+15 And Zebadvah, and 'Arad, and 'Eder,
+
+16 And Michael, and Yishpah, and Jocha,
+the sons of Beri'ah ;
+
+17 And Zebadyah, and Meshullam, and
+Chiski, and Cheber,
+
+18 And Yishmerai, and Yizliah, and Jolmb,
+the sons of Elpa'al ;
+
+19 And Jakim, and Zichri, and Zal)di,
+
+20 And Eli'enai, and Zillethai, and Eliel,
+
+21 And 'Adayah, and Berayah, and Shim-
+rath, the sons of Shim'i ;
+
+22 And Yishpan, and 'Eber, and Eliel,
+
+23 And 'Abdon, and Zichri, and Chanan,
+
+24 And Chananyah, and 'Elam, and 'An-
+thothiyah,
+
+25 And Yiphdeyah, and Penuel, tlie sons
+of Shashak ;
+
+26 And Shamsherai, and Shecharyali, and
+'Athalyah,
+
+27 And Ja'areshyah, and Eliyah, and
+Zichri, the sons of Jerocham.
+
+28 These were the heads of the family
+divisions, by their generations, chief men.
+These dwelt in Jerusalem.
+
+29 \ And at Gib'on dwelt the father of
+Gib'on, whose wife's name was Ma'achah ;
+
+
+3(1 And his first-l)()in son Aluloii, lln-u
+Zur, and Kish, and lia'al, and Nadab,
+
+31 And Gedor, and Achyo, and Zecher.
+
+32 And Mikloth begat Shimah. And
+these also dwelt alongside of their brethren
+in Jerusalem, with their brethren.
+
+33 ][ And Ner begat Kish, and Kish begat
+Saiil, and Saiil begat Jehonathan and Malki-
+shua', and A])inadal), and Eshba'al.
+
+34 And the son of Jehonathan was Meril>
+ba'al; and Merib-ba'al begat Michah.
+
+35 And the sons of Michah were, Pithon,
+and Melech, and Tareil", and Achaz.
+
+36 And Achaz begat Jeho'addah; andJeho-
+'addah begat 'Alemeth, and 'Azmaveth. and
+Ziniri; and Ziniri begat Moza;
+
+37 And Moza begat Bin'ah; Eapha was
+his son, El'assah his son, Azel his son.
+
+38 And Azel had six sons, and these are
+their names, 'Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael,
+and She'aryah, and 'Obadiah, and Chanan.
+All these were the sons of Azel.
+
+39 And the sons of 'Eshek his brother
+were, Ulam his first-born, Je'ush the second,
+and Eliphelet the third.
+
+40 And the sons of Ulam were mighty
+men of valour, who drew the bow, and liad
+man}' sons, and sons' sons, one hundred and
+fifty. All these are of the sons of Benja-
+min.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 Tf So all Israel were recorded bj- their
+genealogies; and, behold, they are written in
+the book of the kings of Israel; but (the
+men of) Judah were carried away into exile
+to Babylon for their unfaithfulness.
+
+2 And the first inhabitants that (d^\elt
+again) in their possessions in their cities,
+were the Israelites, the priests, the Levites,
+and the temple-servants.
+
+3 And in Jerusalem dwelt some of tlie
+children of Judah, and of the children of Ben-
+jamin, and of the children of Ephraim, and
+Menasseh.
+
+4 'Uthai the son of 'Ammihud, the son of
+'Onu'i, the son of Imri, the son of Bani, of
+the children of Perez the son of Judah.
+
+5 And of the Shilonites : 'Assayah the
+first-born, and his sons.
+
+6 And of the sons of Zerach : Je'uel, and
+their brethren, six hundred and ninety.
+
+7 And of the sons of Benjamin : Sallu the
+
+951
+
+
+1 CHKONICLES IX.
+
+
+Bon of MeshuUam, the son of Ilodavjah, the
+son of Hassenuah,
+
+8 And Yibnejah the son of Jerocham, and
+Ehih the son of 'Uzzi, the son of Michri, and
+Meshullam the son of Shephatj-ah, the son
+of Re'uel, the son of Yibnijah ;
+
+9 And their brethren, according to their
+generations, nine hundred and fifty and six.
+All these men were chiefs of the divisions
+of tlieir family divisions.
+
+10 *[] And of the priests : Jeda'yah, and Je-
+hoyarib, and Jachin,
+
+11 And 'Azaryah the son of Chilkiyah, the
+son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son
+of Merayoth, the son of Achitub, the ruler
+of the house of God.
+
+12 ^ And 'Adayah the son of Jerocham,
+the son of Pashchur, the son of Malkiyah, and
+Ma'sai the son of 'Adiel, the son of Jachzerah,
+the son of Meshullam, the son of Meshille-
+mith, the son of Immor;
+
+lo And their bretln'en,chiefs of their family
+divisions, were one thousand and seven
+hundred and sixty, very able men^ for the
+work of the service of the house of God.
+
+14 ][ And of the Levites : Shema'yah the
+son of Chasshub, the son of 'Azrikam, the son
+of Chashabyah, of the sons of Merari ;
+
+15 And Bakbakkar, Cheresh, and Galal,
+and Matthanyah the son of Micha, the son
+of Zichri, the son of Assaph ;
+
+16 And 'Obadiah the son of Shema'yah,
+the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun ; and
+Berechyah the son of Assa, the son of El-
+kanah, that dwelt in the villages of the
+Netophathites.
+
+17 And the gatekeepers were, Shallum,
+and 'Akkub, and Talmon, and Achiman, and
+their brethren, Shallum being the chief;
+
+18 And up to this time they are in the
+king's gate to the eastward : they are the gate-
+keepers for the camps of tiie children of Levi.
+
+19 And Shallum the son of Kort', the son
+of Ebyassaph, the son of Korach, and his
+brethren, of tlie house of his father, the
+KoHihites, being over the work of the ser-
+vice, were the watchmen at the threshold of
+the tabernacle : and their fathers, being over
+
+
+* Lit. "mif^lity men of valour," which phrase is often
+used to oxpn'.sH a peculiar fitness for an employment.
+
+" During the juurueys in the wilderness the Kehathites
+had the; charge of the sacred vessels, the ark, &c.
+(Num. iv. )
+
+
+the camp*" of the Lord, were the watchmen
+at the entrance (thereof).
+
+20 And Phinehas the son of El'azar was
+the ruler over them in times past ; (and) the
+Lord was with him.
+
+21 (And) Zechariah the son of Meshelem-
+yah was gatekeeper at the entrance of the
+tabernacle of the congregation.
+
+22 All of these selected to be gatekeepers
+at the thresholds were two hundred and
+twelve. These were recorded according to
+their genealogy in their villages ; (and they
+were) those (whom) David and Samuel tlu}
+seer did ordain in their trust."
+
+2-5 Both the}' and their children had the
+oversight over the gates of the house of the
+Lord, (namely,) the house of the tabernacle,
+as watches.
+
+24 On four quarters were the gatekeepers,
+toward the east, the west, the north, and the
+south.
+
+25 And their brethren, who were in their
+villages, had to come after every seven days
+from time to time in common with these.
+
+20 For in (their) trust were these'' four
+chief gatekeepers — these Levites, and they
+were (appointed) over the chambers and trea-
+suries of the hou.se of God.
+
+27 And they lodged round about the house
+of God ; because upon them rested the c^uty of
+watching, and they had the supervision of
+the opening thereof each and every morning.
+
+28 And some of them had the charge of
+the vessels for the service ; for by number did
+they bring them in, and by number did they
+carry them out.
+
+29 Some of them also were appointed over
+the vessels, and over all the vessels of the
+sanctuary, and over the fine flour, and the
+wine, and the oil, and the frankincense, and
+the spices.
+
+-30 And some of the sons of the priests pre-
+pared the mixture of the spices.
+
+.31 And Matthitli3ah, one of the Levites,
+who was the first-born of Shallum the Kor-
+chite, had the trust over the meat-offerings
+that were baked in the pans.
+
+32 And others of their brethren, of the sons
+
+" Zunz after Redak, " for perpetuity." Herxhcimer,
+"for their fidelity."
+
+* The four nu'utioned in verso 17. Zunz, " for con-
+stantly were there only the four chief porters, these are
+the Levites;" meaning, the others were alternately absent.
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES IX. X. XI.
+
+
+of the Keliatliites, were over tlie orders of
+the shew-bread, to prepare it every .sabbath.
+
+33 Tf But these the singers, the chiefs of
+the divisions of the Levites, remained in the
+chambers free of service ; for day and night
+were they obliged to engage in that work.
+
+34 These are the chiefs of the divisions of
+the Levite,s, being the chiefs for their genera-
+tions : these dwelt at Jerusalem.
+
+35 ^ And in Gib'on dwelt the father of
+Gib'on, Je'iel ; and the name of his wife was
+Ma'achah ;
+
+3G And his first-born son was 'Abdon, then
+Zur, and Kish, and Ba'al, and Ner, and
+Nadab,
+
+37 And Gedor, and Achyo, and Zechariah,
+and Mikloth.
+
+38 And Mikloth begat Shimam. And they
+also dwelt alon"side of their brethren at Je-
+riisalem, with their brethren.
+
+39 Tl And Ner begat Kish ; and Kish be-
+gat Saiil ; and Saiil begat Jehonathan, and
+Malki-shua', and Abinadab, and Eshba'al.
+
+40 And the /;on of Jehonathan was Merib-
+ba'al: and Merib-ba';ii begat Michah.
+
+41 And the sons of Michah were, Pithon,
+and Melech, and Thachreii'.
+
+42 And Achaz" begat Ja'rah ; and Ja'rah
+begat 'Alemeth, 'Azniaveth, and Zimri; and
+Zimri begat Moza;
+
+43 And Moza begat Bin'a; and Rephayah
+his son, El'assah his son, Azel his son.
+
+44 And Azel had six sons, and these are
+their names, 'Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael,
+and She'aryah, and 'Obadiah, and Chanan :
+these were the sons of Azel.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^ Now the Philistines fought against Is-
+rael : and the men of Israel tied from before
+the Philistines, and there fell down (many)
+slain on mount Gilboa .
+
+2 And the Philistines pursuing them over-
+took Saul and his sons ; and the Philistines
+smote Jonathan, and 'Abinadab, and Malki-
+shua', the s(»n,. of Saiil.
+
+3 And the battle was heavy against Saiil,
+and he was found Ijy the archei's, and he was
+greatly in dread of the archers.
+
+4 And Saiil said to his armour-bearer,
+Draw thy sword, and thrust me through
+
+
+■■' Another soa of Michah. (Seu viii. 'So.)
+5U
+
+
+I therewith ; I'-st these unoirciimcised come and
+wantonly ill-use me. But his armour-bearer
+would not; for he was greatly afraid: where
+fore Saiil took the sword and fell upon it.
+
+5 And when liis arnujur-bearer saw that
+Saiil was dead, then fell he likewise on the
+sword, and died.
+
+6 Thus died Saiil and his three sons; and
+all his household died together.
+
+7 And when all the m.:n of Israel that
+I were in the valley saw that they had tied,
+I and that Saiil and his sons were dead : they
+
+forsook their cities, and fled, and the Philis-
+tines came and dwelt in them.
+
+8 ^ And it came to pass on the morrow, that
+the Philistines came to strip the slain; and
+they found Saiil and his sons fallen on mount
+Gilboa.
+
+9 And they stripped him, and they carried
+away his head, and his armour, and sent
+them into the land of the Philistines round
+about, to publish it to their idols, and to the
+people.
+
+10 And they put his armour in the house
+of their gods, and his skull they fastened in
+the temple of Dagon.
+
+11 ][ And when all Yabesh-girad heard
+all that the Philistines had done to Saiil:
+
+12 Then arose all the valiant men, and
+carried away the body of Saiil and the bodies
+of his sons, and brought them to Yabesh; and
+they buried their bones under the terebinth
+in Yabesh, and they fasted seven days.
+
+13 And (so) died Saul for his unfaithful-
+ness which he had committed against the Lord,
+because of the word of the Lord which he
+had not kept, and also for asking one of a
+familiar spirit to inquire of the same;
+
+14 And had not inquired of the Lord :
+therefore he slew him, and turned over the
+kingdom unto David the son of Jesse.
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 *[[ Then did all Israel gather themselves
+unto David unto Hebron, saying. Behold, thy
+bone and tli}- flesh are we.
+
+2 Already yesterday and even before, even
+when Saiil was king, thou wast he that led
+out and brought in Israel : and the Lord thy
+God said unto thee, Thou shalt indeed feed
+
+i my people Israel, and thou shalt be truly a
+
+I chief over my people Israel.
+
+I 3 Thus came all the elders of Israel to the
+
+963
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XI.
+
+
+king to Hebron; and David made a covenant
+with them in Hebron before the Lord; and
+they anointed David as king over Israel, ac-
+cording to the word of the Lord through
+means of Samuel.
+
+4 ^ And David and all Israel went to
+Jerusalem, which is Jebus; and there were
+the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land.
+
+5 And the inhabitants of Jebus said to
+David, Thou shalt not come in hither.
+Nevertheless David captured the strong-hold
+of Zion, the same is the City of David.
+
+6 And David said, Whosoever doth smite
+the Jebusites at first shall be head and chief.
+Then did Joab the son of Zeruyah go up at
+first, and became head-man.
+
+7 And David dwelt in the castle : there-
+fore they called it. "The City of David."
+
+8 And he built the city round about, even
+from the Millo as far as the surrounding dis-
+trict, and Joab i epaired the rest of the city.
+
+9 And David went on, and became greater
+and greater, and tlie Lord of hosts was with
+him.
+
+10 ^ These also are the principals of the
+mighty men whom David had, who lield firndy
+with him in his kingdom, with all Israel, to
+make him king, according to the word of the
+Lord concerning Israel.
+
+11 And this is the number of the mighty
+men whom David had: Jashob'am, the son
+of Chachmoni, the chief of the captains,
+who lilted up his
+dred slain at one time
+
+12 And after him was Efazar the son of
+Dodo, the Achochite, who was one of the
+three mighty men.
+
+13 He was with David at Pas.s-dammim,
+tuid the Philistines were gathered together
+there to battle, and there was a piece of
+ground full of barley; and the people had
+fled from before the Philit*tines.
+
+14 And they placed themselves in the
+midst of that piece (of ground), and they de-
+livered it, and smote the Pliilistin<»s; and the
+Lord helped (them) with a great victory.
+
+15 And these three, the chiefs of the thirty,
+went down to the rock to David, to the cave
+of 'Adullam; and the camp of tlie Philistines
+was pitched in the valley of KephaJini.
+
+16 And David was then in the strong-hold,
+and an outpost of the Pliilistines was then at
+Beth-lechein.
+
+9.54
+
+
+spear against three hun-
+
+
+17 And David longed, and said. Oh that
+some one would bring me water to drink out of
+the well of Beth-lechem, which is by the gate!
+
+18 And the three broke through the camp
+of the Philistines, and drew water out of the
+well of Beth-lechem, which was by the gate,
+and carried it, and brought it to David ; but
+David would not drink thereof, and poured it
+out unto the Lord.
+
+19 And he said. Far be it from me, before
+my God, that I should do this: shall I drink
+the blood of these men that went at the risk
+of their lives? for at the risk of their lives
+did they bring it; and thus he Mould not
+drink it. These things did the three mighty
+men.
+
+20 And Abshai the brother of Joab was
+the chief of these three; and he lifted up his
+spear against three hundred slain, and had a
+name among the three.
+
+21 Of the three, he was more honoured
+than the two, wherefore he became their cap-
+tain: he nevertheless attained not unto the
+three (in prowess).
+
+22 Banayah the son of Jehoyada', the son
+of a valiant man, great in many acts, of Kab-
+zeel: he it was that smote the two lionlike
+heroes of Moab; he also went down and
+smote a lion in the midst of a pit on a day
+when it snowed.
+
+23 And he smote an Egyptian, a man of
+great stature, five cubits high; and in the
+Egyptian's hand was a spear like a weaver's
+beam ; and he went down to him with a
+staff", and he snatched the spear out of the
+Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own
+spear.
+
+24 The.-e things did Benayah the .son of
+Jehoyada'; and he had a name among the
+mighty men.
+
+25 Behold, he was indeed moie honoured
+than the thirty; hut he attained not to the
+first three. And David appointed him over
+his private council.
+
+2G And the mighty nii-n of tlie armies
+were,'Assahel the brother of Joiib. Elchanan
+the son of Dodo of Beth-lechem.
+
+27 Sliammoth the Harorite, Clielez tlie
+Pelonite.
+
+28 'Ira the son of 'Ikkesh the Theko'ite,
+Abi'ezer the 'Antothite,
+
+29 Sibbechai the Chushathite, "Ilai the
+Achochite,
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XI. Xll.
+
+
+30 Maharal the Netopliathite, Clieled the
+soil of Ba'anah the Netophatliite,
+
+31 Ithai the son of Ribai of Gib'ah, of the
+children of Benjamin, Benayah the Pir'a-
+tlionite,
+
+32 Churai of the Nachale-Ga'ash, Abiel
+the 'Arbathite,
+
+33 'Azmaveth the Bacharumite, Elyachba
+the Sha'albonite,
+
+34 Bnai-hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan
+the son of Shage the Hararite,
+
+35 Achiara the son of Sachar the Hararite,
+EHphal the son of Ur,
+
+36 Chepher the Mecherathite, Achiyah the
+Pelonite,
+
+37 Chezro the Carmelite, Na'arai the son
+of Ezbai,
+
+38 Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibcliar
+the son of Hagri,
+
+39 Zelek the 'Ammonite, Nachrai the Be-
+rothite, the armour-bearer of Joab the son of
+Zeruyah,
+
+40 'Ira the Yithrite, Gareb the Yithrite,
+
+41 Uriyah the Hittite, Zabad the son of
+Achlai,
+
+42 'Adina the son of Shiza the Reiibenite,
+a chief of the Reiibenites, and with him were
+tliirty (men),
+
+43 Chanan the son of Ma'achah, and Josha-
+phat the Mithnite,
+
+44 'Uzziya the 'Ashterathite, Shama' and
+Je'iel the sons of Chothan the 'Aro'erite,
+
+4 -J Jedi'acl the son of Shimri, and Jocha
+his brother, the Thizite,
+
+46 Eliel the Machavite, and Jeribai, and
+Joshavyah, the sons of Elna'am, and Yithmah
+the Moabite,
+
+47 Eliel, and 'Obed, and Ja'assiel the Me-
+zol)ayite.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 ][ And these are those that came to
+David to Ziklag, while he yet kept himself
+close because of Saiil the son of Kish : and
+they were among the mighty men, confede-
+rates* for the war,
+
+2 Who were armed with bows, and could
+use both the right and the left hand in (hurl-
+ing) stones and shooting arrows with the
+bow, even of the brethren of Saiil out of Ben-
+jamin.
+
+
+* Lit. "helpers."
+" Kedak. Others,
+
+
+'was over a hundred," &c.
+
+
+3 The chiefs were Achi'ezer, then Joiish.
+the sons of Hashema'ah the Gib'athite; and
+Jeziel, and Pelet, the sons of 'Azmaveth; and
+Berachah, and Jehu the 'Anthothite,
+
+4 And Yishma'yah the Gib'onite, a mighty
+man among the thirty, and over the thirty;
+and Jeremiah, and Jachaziel, and Jochanan,
+and Jozabad the Gederathite,
+
+5 El'uzai, and Jerinioth, and Be'alyah, and
+Shemaryahu, and Shephatyahu the Chari-
+phite,
+
+6 Elkanah, and Yishiyahu, and 'Azarel,
+and Jo'ezer, and Jashob'am, the Korchites,
+
+7 And Jo'elah, and Zebadyah, the sons of
+Jerocham of Gedor.
+
+8 And of the Gadites there separated them-
+selves unto David into the strong-hold in the
+wilderness mighty men of valour, and men
+of the army for the war, that could handle
+shield and lance, whose faces were like the
+faces of lions, and were as the roebucks upon
+the mountains in swiftness.
+
+9 'Ezer was the chief, 'Obadiah the second,
+Eliab the third.
+
+10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the
+fifth,
+
+11 'Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,
+
+12 Jochanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,
+
+13 Jirmi\aliu the tenth, Machbanai the
+eleventh,
+
+14 ^ These were of the sons of Gad, the
+chiefs of the army: one of the least could
+fight'' with a hundred, and the greatest with
+a thousand.
+
+15 These are those that passed over the
+Jordan in the first month, when it had over-
+flowed all its banks; and they put to flight
+all the men of the valleys, both toward the
+east, and toward the west.
+
+16 And there came some of the children
+of Benjamin and of Judah as far as the
+strcrg-ho'd unto David.
+
+i I And David went out to meet them, and
+commenced and said unto them, If ye be come
+for peace unto me, to help me, my heart
+shall be inclined toward you to unite with
+you ; but if it be to betray me to my adver-
+saries while there is no violence in my hands,
+then may the God of our fitliers look on and
+decide it.
+
+18 Then a spirit" invested 'Amassai, the
+
+
+° Rashi and Rcdak
+pulse," not prophecy.
+
+
+explain it with "will," or "im-
+
+
+»ji
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XII. XIII.
+
+
+chief of the captains, (who said,) Thine are
+we, David, and with thee, 0 son of Jesse ;
+peace, peace be unto thee, and peace be to
+every one that helpeth thee ; for thy God
+lielpeth thee. Then David received them,
+and phiced them at the head of the troop.
+
+19 ][ And some of Menasseh went over to
+David, when he came with the Pliilistincs
+against Saiil to battle; but he helped them
+not; for upon consultation did the lords of
+the Phihstines send him away, saying, With
+our heads will he go over to his master Saiil.
+
+20 As he was going over to Ziklag, there
+went over to him of Menasseh, 'Adnach, and
+Jozabad, and Jedi'ael, and Michael, and Joza-
+Itad, and Elihu, and Zillethai, captains of the
+thousands that belonged to Menasseh.
+
+21 And they were those that heljjed David
+against the band (of 'Amalekites) ; for they
+were all mighty men of valour, and they be-
+came officers in the army.
+
+22 For all the time, day by day, people
+used to come to David to help him, until
+the camp became great, like the camp of
+God.
+
+23 ^ And these are the numbers of the
+hea,ds of those ready armed for the host that
+came to David to Hebron, to turn over the
+kingdom of Saiil to him, according to the
+order of the Lord.
+
+24 Tf The children of Judah that bore
+shield and spear were six thousand and eight
+hundred, ready armed for the ho.st.
+
+25 ^ Of the children of Simeon, mighty
+men of valour for the host, seven thousand
+and one hundred.
+
+20 ^1 Of the children of Levi four thou-
+sand and six hundred.
+
+27 ^ And Jehoyada' was the leader of the
+family of Aaron, and with him were three
+tliousand and seven hundred.
+
+28 ]| Also Zadf)k, a young man, mighty of
+valour, and his family division twenty and
+two chiefs.
+
+29 ^ And of the children of Benjamin, the
+brethren of Saiil, three thousand ; tor till that
+time the greatest part of them had kept the
+charge of the house of Saiil.
+
+00 ^1 And of the children of Ephraim
+twenty thousand and eight hundred, mighty
+men of valour, men of fjxme in their family
+divisions.
+
+01 ^f And of the half tribe of Menasseh
+
+
+eighteen thousand, who had been expres.sed
+by name, to come to make David king.
+
+32 ^ And of the children of Issachar, those
+who had understanding of the times,'' to know
+what Israel ought to do, — their lieads were
+two hundred; and all their brethren were
+ready at tlieir order.
+
+33 Tl Of Zebulun, such as went forth to
+the host, arrayed for battle, with all manner
+of weajwns of war, fifty thousand ; and these
+were ready to place themselves in battle ar-
+ray with an undivided heart.
+
+34 ^ And of Naphtali one thousand cap-
+tains, and with them were with sliield and
+spear thirty and seven thousand.
+
+35 ^ And of the Danites arrayed for ])at^
+tie twenty and eiglit thousand and six hun-
+dred.
+
+36 ][ And of Asher, such as went forth
+to the host to put themselves in battle array,
+forty thousand.
+
+37 ^ And from the other side of the Jor-
+dan, of the Reiibenites, and tlie Gadites, and
+the half tribe of Menasseh, with all manner
+of weapons of the host for war, one hundred
+and twenty thousand.
+
+38 All these men of war, that placed them-
+selves in battle array, came with an entire
+heart to Hebron, to make David king over
+all Israel : and also all the rest of Israel were
+of one heart to make David king.
+
+39 And they were there with David three
+days eating and drinking; for their brethren
+had prepared for them.
+
+40 And also those that were nigh unto them,
+as far as Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali,
+brought in bread on asses, and on camels, and
+on mules, and on oxen, food made of meal,
+cakes of tigs, and bunches of raisins, and
+wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep in abun-
+dance; for there was joy in Israel.
+
+CHAPTER XIIL
+
+1 ]| And David consulted with the officers
+of the thousands and hundreds, and with
+every leader.
+
+2 And David said unto all the congrega
+tion of Israel, If it seem good unto you, and
+if it be of the Lord our God, let us send
+
+
+" R;islii explains, "who were capable to give advice."
+The Talmudists refer this to the knowledge of the caleu-
+dar, in which the men of Issachar are said to have excelled
+
+
+1 CHEONICLES XIII. XIV.
+
+
+widely about unto our brethren who are left
+in all the lands of Israel, and with them unto
+the priests and Levites who are in their cities
+and open districts, that they may gather
+themselves together unto us.
+
+3 And let us bring round the ark of our
+God to us ; for Ave have inquired not at it" in
+the days of Saiil.
+
+4 And all the congregation said that this
+should be done ; for the thing was right in
+the eyes of all the people.
+
+5 So David assembled all Israel together,
+from Shichor of Egypt even unto the entrance
+of Chenuith, to bring the ark of God from
+Kiry ath-ye'arim .
+
+6 And David went up, with all Israel, to
+Ba'alah, (that is) to Kirjath-yearini, which
+belonged to Judah, to bring up thence the
+ark of God the Lord, that dwelleth be-
+tween the cherubim, whose name is called
+(on it).
+
+7 And they conveyed the ark of God in a
+new wagon out of the house of Abinadab :
+and 'Uzza and Achyo guided the wagon.
+
+8 And David and all Israel played before
+God with all their might, and with singing,
+and on harps, and on psalteries, and on tam-
+bourines, and with cymbals, and with trum-
+pets.
+
+9 And when they came as far as the thresh-
+ing-tloor of Kidon, 'Uzza put forth his hand to
+take hold of the ark ; for the oxen shook it.
+
+10 And the anger of the Lord was kindled
+against 'Uzza, and he smote him, because
+he had put forth his hand toward the ark :
+and he died there before God.
+
+11 And it was grievous to David, because
+the Lord had suddenly- taken away 'Uzza;
+and he called that place Perez-'uzza [Breach
+of 'Uzza] until this day.
+
+12 And David was afraid of God that day,
+saying, How shall I bring home to me the
+ark of God ?
+
+13 So David removed not the ark unto
+himself into the city of David, but had it
+carried round into the house of 'Obed-edom
+the Gittite.
+
+14 And the ark of God remained in the
+house of 'Obed-edom, in his house, three
+:nojiths. And the Lord blessed the house of
+'Obed-edom, and all that belonged to him.
+
+" I^uuz, "have not sought him," i. r. God.
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ][ And Churam the king of Tyre sent
+messengers to David, and trees of cedars, and
+masons and carjjenters, to build him a house.
+
+2 And David felt conscious that the Lord
+had established him as king over Israel ; for
+his kingdom was exalted on high, because of
+his people Israel.
+
+3 ^ And David took yet more wives at
+Jerusalem ; and David begat more sons and
+daughters.
+
+4 And tlicse are the names of the children
+that he had in Jerusalem : Shammua', and
+Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon,
+
+5 And Yiljchar, and Elisliua", and Elpalet,
+
+6 And Nogali, and Nepheg, and Yaphia',
+
+7 And Elishama', and Be'elyada', and Eli-
+phalet.
+
+8 T[ But when the Philistines heard that
+David had been anointed as king over all
+Israel, all the Philistines came up to sei-k
+David: and David heard of it, and went out
+against them.
+
+9 And the Philistines came and spread
+themselves out in the valley of Rephaim.
+
+10 And David asked counsel of God, saying.
+Shall I go up against the Philistines? and
+wilt thou deliver them into my hand ? And
+the Lord said unto him. Go ujj ; and I will
+deliver them into thy hand.
+
+1 1 And the\' came up to Ba'al-perazim ;
+and David smote them there. Then David
+said, God hath broken down my enemies
+through my hand as a breach (is made) l^y
+water : therefore they called the name of that
+place Ba'al-perazim.''
+
+12 And they left behind there their gods,
+and David gave the order, and they were
+burnt with fire.
+
+13 Tl And the Philistines (came) once again,
+and spread themselves out in the valley.*
+
+14 And David asked again counsel of God;
+and God said unto him. Thou shalt not go up
+after them : turn about from them, and come
+upon them opposite to the mulberry-trees,
+
+15 And it shall be, when thou hearest the
+sound of walking on the tops of the mulberry-
+trees, that then thou shalt go out to battle;
+for God will be gone forth before thee to
+smite the camp of the Philistines.
+
+
+Tbi-' vallcv of breaches.
+
+
+957
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XIV. XV.
+
+
+16 And David did as God had commanded
+him ; and they smote the camp of the PhiHs-
+tines from Gib'on as far as Gezer.
+
+17 And the fame of David went out into
+all the lands; and the Lord laid the dread of
+him upon all the nations.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 And (David) made himself houses in the
+city of David, and he prepared a place for
+the ark of God, and pitched for it a tent.
+
+2 ^ Then said David, None shall carry
+the ark of God but the Levites; for of ihem
+hath the Lord made choice to carry the ark
+of God, and to minister unto him for ever.
+
+3 ][ And David assembled all Israel to
+Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the Lord
+unto its place, which he had prepared for it.
+
+4 And David gathered together the chil-
+dren of Aaron, and the Levites.
+
+5 ^ Of the sons of Kehath: Uriel the
+chief, and his brethren one hundred and
+twenty.
+
+6 T[ Of the sons of Merari: 'Assayah the
+chief, and his brethren two hundred and
+twenty.
+
+7 ^ Of the sons of Gershom: Joel the
+chief, and his brethren one hundred and
+thirty.
+
+8 T[ Of the sons of Elizaphan : Shema'yah
+the chief, and his brethren two hundred.
+
+9 TI Of the sons of Hebron: Eliel the
+chief, and his brethren eighty.
+
+10 ^ Of the sons of 'Uzziel : 'Amminadab
+the chief, and his brethren one hundred and
+twelve.
+
+11 ^ And David called for Zadok and
+Ebyathar the priests, and for the Levites, for
+Uriel, 'Assayah, and Joel, Shema'yah, and
+Eliel, and 'Amminadab,
+
+12 And he said unto them. Ye are the
+chiefs of the family divisions of the Levites :
+sanctify yourselves, ye and your brethren,
+and bring up the ark of the Lord the God of
+Israel unto (the place which) I have prepared
+ibr it.
+
+13 Tor, because ye (did) it not at the first,
+the Lord our God made a breach among us;
+because we had not sought him after the pre-
+scribed manner.
+
+14 So the priests and the Levites sanctified
+themselves to bring uj) the ark of the Lord
+the God of Israel.
+
+958
+
+
+15 And the children of the Levites bore
+the ark of God, as Moses had commanded ac-
+cording to the word of the Lord, on their
+shoulders, by means of barrows placed upon
+them.
+
+16 ^ And David said to the chiefs of the
+Levites to appoint their brethren the singers
+with instruments of music, psalteries and
+harps and cymbals, to sing aloud, by lifting
+up the voice for J03'.
+
+17 ^ So the Levites appointed Heman the
+son of Joel, and of his brethren, Assaph the
+son of Berech_yahu, and of the sons of Merari
+their brethren, Ethan the sou of Kushayahu;
+
+18 And with them their brethren of the
+second degree, Zecharyahu, Ben, and Ja'aziel,
+and Shemiramoth, and Jechiel, and 'Unni,
+Eliiib, and Benayahu, and Ma'asseyahu, and
+Matthithyahu, and Eliphelehu, and Mikne-
+yahu, and Obed-edom, and Jeiel, the gate-
+keepers.
+
+19 Namely, the singers, Heman, Assaph,
+and Ethan, to play aloud with cymbals of
+copper ;
+
+20 And Zechariah, and 'Aziel, and Shemi-
+ramoth, and Jechiel, and 'Unni, and Eliiib,
+and Ma'asseyahu, and Benayahu, with psal-
+teries on 'Alaraoth;
+
+21 And Matthithyahu, and Eliphelehu,
+and Mikneyahu, and 'Obed-edom, and Je'iel,
+and 'Azazyahu, with harps on the Sheminith
+to play as leaders."
+
+22 And Kenanyahu was the chief of the
+Levites in conducting the singing: he in-
+structed in conducting the singing, because
+he was skilful.
+
+23 And Berechyah and Elkanah were
+gatekeepers for the ark.
+
+24 And Shebanyahu, and Joshaphat, and
+Nethanel, and 'Amassai, and Zecharyahu, and
+Benayahu, and Eli'ezer, the priests, did blow
+on the trumpets before the ark of God; and
+'Obed-edom and Jechiyah were gatekeepei-s
+for the ark.
+
+25 T[ And it was David, with the elders
+of Israel, and the officers over the thousands,
+who went to bring up the ark of the cove-
+nant of the Lord out of the house of 'Obed-
+edom with joy.
+
+26 ]f And it came to pass, wlien (mkI
+
+' Zunz. These were the leaders in the nrchcstnij the
+others, musicians.
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XV. XVI.
+
+
+liolped the Levites who carried the ark of
+the covenant of the Lord, that they offered
+seven bullocks and seven rams.
+
+27 And David was clothed with a rol)e of
+fine linen, and (so were) all the Levites that
+carried the ark, and the singers, and Kenan-
+jah the chief in conducting the singing of
+the singers; but David had also upon him an
+ephod of linen.
+
+28 Thus all Israel brought up the ark of
+the covenant of the Lord with shouting, and
+with the sound of the cornet, and with trum-
+pets, and with cymbals, playing aloud on psal-
+teries and harps.
+
+29 And it happened, as the ark of the
+covenant of the Lord came as far as the city
+of David, that Michal the daughter of Saul
+looked through the window, and saw king
+David dancing and playing, and she despised
+him in her heart.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ^ And they brought in the ark of God,
+and set it in the midst of the tent that David
+had pitched for it; and they offered burnt-
+ofi'erings and peace-offerings before God.
+
+2 And when David had made an end of
+offering the burnt-offerings and the peace-
+oflerings, he blessed the people in the name
+of the Lord.
+
+3 And he dealt out to every one of Israel,
+both man and woman, to every one a loaf of
+bread, and a piece of flesh, and a flagon of
+wine.
+
+4 Tl And he placed before the ark of the
+Lord several of the Levites as ministers, and
+to chaunt hynnis, and to give jiraise and
+thanks unto the Lord the God of Israel:
+
+5 Assaph the chief, and next to him Ze-
+chariah ; Je'iel. and Shemiramoth, and Jechiel,
+and Matthithyah, and Eliiib, and Benayahu,
+and 'Obed-edom; and Je'iel witli psalteries
+and with harps; but Assaph played aloud
+with the cymbals.
+
+6 And Benayahu and Jachaziel the priests
+were with the trumpets continually before
+tlie ark of the covenant of G(jd.
+
+7 On that day — then did David appoint
+for the first time" to give thanks to the Lord
+through means of Assaph and his brethren.
+
+' Zunz, BfNia "through the chief;" but Kedak would
+render it, "for Assaph to eommenee," so that the others
+'.-esponded,
+
+
+8 ]| 0 give thanks unto the Lord; call on
+his name; make known among the people
+his deeds.
+
+9 Sing unto him. sing praises unto hini:
+speak of all his wonderful works.
+
+10 Glorify yourselves in his holy name:
+let the heart of those rejoice that seek the
+Lord.
+
+11 Inquire after the Lord and his strength :
+seek his presence evermore.
+
+12 Remember his wonderful works which
+he hath done, his tokens, and the decrees of
+his mouth;
+
+13 0 ye seed of Israel his servant, ye chil-
+dren of Jacob, his elect.
+
+14 He is the Lord our God: over all the
+earth are his decrees.
+
+15 Remember ye for ever his covenant,
+the word which he hath commanded to the
+thousandth generation,
+
+16 Which he covenanted with Almdiain,
+and his oath unto Isaac:
+
+17 And which he established unto Jacob
+as a statute, unto Israel as an everlasting
+covenant ;
+
+18 Saying, Unto thee will I give the land
+of Canaan, as the portion of your inherit-
+ance ;
+
+19 When ye were but few men in number;
+yea, very few, and strangers in it.
+
+20 And when they wandered from one
+nation to another, and from one kingdom to
+another people:
+
+21 He suffered no man to oppress them;
+yea, he reproved kings for their sake.
+
+22 Saying, " Touch not my anointed, and
+do my prophets no harm." —
+
+23 Sing unto the Lord all ye lands: an-
+nounce from day to day his salvation.
+
+24 Relate among the nations his olorv:
+among all the people his wonderful deeds.
+
+25 For great is the Lord, and greatly
+praised; and he is to be feared above all
+gods.
+
+26 For all the gods of the people are idols;
+but the Lord hath made the heavens.
+
+27 Majesty and honour are in his presence
+strength and gladness are in his place.
+
+28 Ascribe unto the Lord, 0 ye families
+of people, ascribe unto the Lord glory and
+strength.
+
+29 Ascribe unto the Lord the glorj- due
+unto his name; take up a'l offering, and conie
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XVI. XVII.
+
+
+into his presence ; bow down before the Lord
+in the beauty of holiness.
+
+30 Tremble before him, all ye lands ! Also
+the world standeth firmly, that it be not
+moved.
+
+31 Let the heavens rejoice, and let the
+earth be glad; and let men say among the
+nations, The Lord reigneth.
+
+32 Let the sea roar, with all that filleth it :
+let the fields rejoice, and all that is therein.
+
+33 Then shall the trees of the forest sing
+joyfully at the presence of the Lord ; because
+he cometh to judge the earth.
+
+34 0 give thanks unto the Lord; for he
+is good; because unto everlasting endureth
+his kindness.
+
+35 And say ye, Save us, 0 God of our sal-
+vation, and gather us together, and deliver
+us from the nations, that we may give thanks
+to thy holy name, to glorify our.selves in thy
+praise.
+
+36 Blessed be the Lord the God of Israel
+from everlasting even unto everlasting. And
+all the people said, Amen, and praise unto
+the Lord.
+
+37 ^ And he left there in charge before
+the ark of the covenant of the Lord Assaph
+and his brethren, to minister before the ark
+continually, at the work of every day on its
+day,
+
+38 And 'Obed-edom with their brethren,
+sixty and eight, and 'Obed-edom the son of
+Jeduthun and Cliossah to be gatekeepers;
+
+30 And Zadok the priest, and his brethren
+tlie priests, before the tabernacle of the Lord,
+in the high-place that was at Gib'on,
+
+40 To (ifler burnt-offerings unto the Lord
+upon the altar of the burnt^offering continual-
+ly at morning and at evening, and this in ac-
+cordance with all that is written in the law
+of the Lord, which he had commanded con-
+cerning Israel ;
+
+41 And with them Heman and Jeduthun,
+and the rest that were selected who were ex-
+[)ressed by name, to give thanks to the Lord,
+Ijeciiusc unto everlasting endureth his kind-
+ness ;
+
+42 And with them, with Heman and Je-
+duthun, the trumpets and cymbals to })lay
+aloud, and the musical instruments of God;
+and the sons of Jeduthun to be lor the ser-
+vice at the gate.
+
+43 And all the people went every man to
+
+DUO
+
+
+his house; and David turned about to bless
+his house.
+
+CHAPTER XVIL
+
+1 Tf And it came to jjass, when David
+dwelt in his house, that David said unto
+Nathan the prophet, Lo, I dwell in a iicu.se
+of cedar, while the ark of the covenant of
+the Lord is under curtains.
+
+2 And Nathan said unto David, All that
+is in thy heart do; for God is with thee.
+
+3 ^ And it came to 2J<iss during that night,
+that the woi'd of God came unto Nathan, say-
+ino'
+
+4 Go and say unto David my servant,
+Thus hath said the Lord, Not thou shalt
+build for me the house to dwell in;
+
+5 For I have not dwelt in a house since
+the day that I brought up Israel even until
+this day; but have been (moving) from tent
+to tent, and from (one) tabernacle (to an-
+other) .
+
+6 In all the places where I moved about
+among all Israel, did I speak a word to any
+one of the judges of Israel, whom I had or-
+dained to feed my people, saying. Why have
+ye not built for me a house of cedar?
+
+7 Now therefore, thus shalt thou say unto
+my servant, to David, Thus hath said the
+Lord of hosts, I took thee away from the
+sheepcote, from lieliind the ilocks, to be a
+ruler over my people Israel ;
+
+8 And I have been with thee whitherso-
+ever thou didst go, and I have cut oft" all thy
+enemies from thy presence, and I have made
+thee a name, like the name of the great men
+who are on the earth ;
+
+9 And I have procured a ])lace for my
+people Israel, and I have planted them, that
+they may dwell in a place of their own, and
+be no more ti'oubled; and that the children
+of wickedness shall not waste them any more,
+as aforetimes,
+
+10 And (as it was) since the time that I
+ordained judges to be over my people Israel;
+and I have humbled all thy enemies; and
+now I tell thee that the Lord will build for
+thee a house.
+
+11 And it shall come to pass, that, when
+thy days will be completed that thou nuist
+go (to sleep) with thy lathers, I will set up
+thy seed after thee, who shall be of thy sons,
+and I will establish his kintrdom.
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+12 lie it is that sliall build for ine a house,
+and I will staljlish hi.s throne for ever.
+
+13 I too will be to him as a father, and he
+sIhUI indeed be unto me as a son : and my
+kindness will 1 not cause to depart from him,
+as I caused it to depart from him that was
+befoi'e thee;
+
+14 But I will place him firmly in my
+house and in my kingdom for evermore ; and
+his throne shall be established for e^•er.
+
+15 In accordance with all these words,
+and in accordance with all this vision, so did
+Nathan speak unto David.
+
+16 ^ Then went king Da\id in and sat
+down before the Lord, and he said. Who am
+I, 0 Lord God, and what is m\- house, that
+thou hast brought me as far as liitherward?
+
+17 And this was (yet) too small a thing
+in thy eyes, 0 God; and thou hast spoken
+concerning thy servant's house for a distant
+time, and hast regarded me as though I be-
+longed to the rank of a man of high degree,
+O Lord God.
+
+18 What can David add yet more (to
+speak) unto thee of the lionour of thy ser-
+vant? since thou knowest well thy servant.
+
+19 0 Lord, for the sake of thy servant,
+and in accordance with thy own heart, hast
+thou done all this great thing, to make known
+all these great things.
+
+20 0 Lord, there is none like thee, and
+there is no god beside thee, in accordance
+with all that we have heard with our ears.
+
+21 And Avho is like thy people Israel, the
+only nation on the earth which God went to
+redeem for himself as a people, to acquii'e for
+thyself a name for great and terrible deeds,
+by driving out nations from before thy peo-
+ple, W'hich thou hadst redeemed out of Egypt?
+
+22 And thou hast instituted thy people
+Israel unto thyself as a people for ever; and
+thou, Lord, art indeed become their God.
+
+23 And now, 0 Lord, let the thing that
+thou hast spoken concerning thy servant and
+concerning his house be verified forever, and
+do as thou hast spoken.
+
+24 Yea, let it be vei'ified, and let thy name
+be magnified unto everlasting, that men may
+say, The Lord of hosts is the (Uk\ of Israel,
+even a God for Israel; and may tlie house of
+David thy servant be established before thee.
+
+25 For thou, O my God, hast revealed to
+the ear of thy servant that thou wnlt build
+
+5 V
+
+
+for him a house: therefore hath thy seivant
+found him.self able to pray before thee.
+
+26 And now, 0 Lord, thou art the (true)
+God, and thou hast spoken concerning tli\-
+servant this goodness:
+
+27 And now hast thou Ijeen pleased to
+Ijless the house of thy servant, that it may
+continue for ever before thee; for thou, O
+Lord, hast blessed, and (it will remain) bless-
+ed for ever.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 T[ And it came to pass after this, that
+David smote the Philistines, and humbled
+them ; and he took Gath and its dependent
+towns out of the hand of the Philistines.
+
+2 And he smote Moilb, and the ALjJibites
+Ijecame David's servants, bringing presents.
+
+3 David also .^mote Iladar'ezer the king of
+Zobah at Chamath. as he went to establish
+his dominion at the river Euphrates.
+
+4 And David captured from him a thousand
+chariots, and seven thousand horsemen, and
+twenty thousand men on foot; and Da^•id
+hamstringed all the chariot-teams, but re-
+served of them a hundred eliariot-teams.
+
+5 And the Syrians of Damascus came to
+aid Hadar'ezer the king of Zobah, when
+David slew of the Syrians two and twenty
+thousand men.
+
+6 Then did David put (garrisons) in Syria
+of Damascus, and the Syrians became unto
+David seivants, bringing pi'esents. And the
+Lord helped David whithersoever he went.
+
+7 And David took the quivers of gold that
+were on the servants of Hadar'ezer, and
+brought them to Jerusalem.
+
+8 And from Tibchath, and from Kun,
+cities of Hadar'ezer, did David take exceed-
+ingly much copper; thereof made Solomon
+the copper sea. and the pillars, and the ves-
+sels of copper.
+
+9 ^ And when To'u the king of Chamath
+heard that David had smitten all the host of
+Hadar'ezer the king of Zobah :
+
+10 Then did he send Iladoram his son
+unto king David, to ask him after his well-
+being, and to bless him, because he had
+fought against Iladar'ezer, and smitten him;
+for Hadar'ezer had been engaged in wars
+with To'u; and (he had with him) all man-
+ner of vessels of gold and silver and copper.
+
+11 Also these did king David sanctify
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XVIII. XIX.
+
+
+unto the Lord, Avith the silver and the gold
+that he had carried away from all the nations,
+from Edom, and from Moiib, and from the
+children of 'Amnioii, and from the Philistines,
+and from 'Amalek.
+
+12 And Abshai the son of Zerujah smote
+of the Edoinites in the valley of salt eighteen
+thousand (men).
+
+13 And he jjut garrisons in Edom, and all
+the Edomites became servants unto David.
+And the Lord helped David whithersoever
+he went.
+
+14 And David reigned over all Israel, and
+he did what is just and right unto all his
+people.
+
+15 And Joa1> the son of Zeruyah was over
+the arn\y, and Jehoshaphat the son of Achi-
+lud, recorder.
+
+16 And Zadok the son of Achitub, and
+Abimelech the son of Ebyathar, were (the)
+priests; and Shavsha Avas scribe;
+
+17 And Benayahu the son of Jehoyada'
+was over the Kerethites and the Pelethites;
+and the sons of David were the first at the
+side of the king.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass after tliis. that
+Nachash the king of the children of 'Amnion
+died, and his son became king in his stead.
+
+2 And David said, I will show kindness
+unto Chanun the son of Nachash, because
+his father showed kindness unto me. And
+David sent messengers to comfort him con-
+cerning his lather. And the servants of
+David came unto the land of the children of
+'Amnion to Clianun, to comfort him.
+
+3 And the princes of the children of 'Am-
+mon said unto Chanun, Doth David honour
+thy father in thy eyes, tliat he hath sent
+comforters unto thee? are not his servants
+come unto thee in order to search out, and to
+overthrow, and to sju' out the land?
+
+4 Chanun thereupon took Davids servants,
+and shaved them, and cut off their garments
+in the middle as far as the hip-bone, and sent
+them awa3^
+
+5 And some people went and told David
+concerning these men. And he sent (per-
+sons) to meet them; liecause the men were
+greatly ashamed; and the king said, Tariy
+at Jericho until your beard Im' grown, and
+then return.
+
+
+6 ^ And when the children of 'Amnion
+
+I saw that they were beconte in bad odour
+with David, Chanun and the children of
+
+; 'Amnion sent a thousand talents of silver to
+hire for themselves from Mesopotamia, and
+from Syria-ma'achah, and from Zobr.h, cha-
+riots and horsemen.
+
+7 And they hired for themselves thirty
+and two thousand (warriors in) chariots, and
+the king of Ma'acliah and his peo])le: and
+they came and encamped before Medeba.
+And the children of 'Amnion gathered them-
+selves together out of their cities, and came
+to the battle.
+
+8 Tl And when David heard of it, lie sent
+Joiib, and all the army (and) the mighty men.
+
+9 And the children of 'Amnion came out,
+and put themselves in battle array at the
+entrance of the city : and the kings that were
+come were liy themselves in the field.
+
+10 When now Joab saw that the front of
+battle was against him before and Ijehind. he
+made a selection from all the chosen men of
+Israel, and arrayed himself against the Sy-
+rians.
+
+11 And the rest of the people he delivered
+into the liand of Abshai his brother, and
+they arrayed themselves against the children
+of 'Amnion.
+
+12 And he said. If the Syrians be too
+strong for nie, then shalt thou bring me
+help; but if the children of 'Amnion be too
+strong for thee, then will I help thee.
+
+13 Be strong, and let us strengthen our-
+selves in behalf of our people, and in behalf
+of the cities of our God, and may the Lord
+do that which seemeth good in his eyes.
+
+14 And Joab drew nigh and the people
+that were with him in front of the Syrians
+unto the battle, and they fled from before
+him.
+
+I 15 And when the children of 'Amnion saw
+that the Syrians were fled, then did they also
+fly before Abshai his brother, and entered
+into the city. And Joab went back to Jeru-
+salem.
+
+10 Tl And when the Syrians saw that they
+were smitten before Israel, they sent messen-
+gers, and brought out the Syrians that were
+beyond the river; and Shophach the captain
+of the army of Hadar'ezer went before them.
+
+17 .\nd when it was told to David, he
+iigatln'red all Israel together, and passed o^'er
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XIX. XX. XXT.
+
+
+the Jordan, and came up with them, and ar-
+rtiyed himself against them. So when Da\ad
+had arrayed himself against the Syrians (for)
+battle, they fought with him.
+
+18 And the Syrians tied from before Israel:
+and David slew of the Syrians (the men of)
+seven thousand chariots, and forty thousand
+men on foot, and Shophach the captain of the
+army he put to death.
+
+19 And when the vassals of Hadar'ezer
+saw that they were smitten before Israel, they
+made peace with David, and served him; and
+the Syrians would not help the children of
+'Ammon any more.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass, at the time of
+the return of the same season of the year, at
+the time when kings go forth, that Joab led
+out the power of the army, and destroyed the
+country of the children of 'Annnon, and he
+came and besieged Rabbah. But David re-
+mained behind at Jerusalem. x\nd Joab
+smote Rabbah, and pulled it down.
+
+2 And David took the crown of Malkam
+from ofl" his head, and tbund it to weigh a
+talent of gold, and thereon a precious stone ;
+and it was set on the head of David: and the
+Ijooty of the city he brought out in great
+abundance.
+
+3 And the people that were therein he
+brought forward, and cut them with saws,
+and with iron threshing-wagons, and with
+axes; and thus did David unto all tlie cities
+of the children of 'Amnion; and David re-
+turned then with all the people unto Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+4 ^ And it came to pass after this, that
+there arose a battle atGezer" with the Philis-
+tines: then smote Sibbechai tlie Chushathite
+Sippai, one of the children of the Rapha ; and
+they were humbled.
+
+5 T[ And there was again a battle with
+the Philistines, when Elchanan the son of
+Yair smote Laclimi the brother of Goliath the
+(littite, the staff of whose spear was like a
+weaver's beam.
+
+6 ^ And there was again a battle at Gath,
+where was a man of (great) stature, whose
+fuigers and toes were six on each (hand and
+
+
+foot), four and twenty (in all); and he also
+was born to the Rapha.
+
+7 And he defied Israel ; but Jonathan the
+son of Shim'a the brother of David smote him.
+
+8 These were born unto the Rapha in
+Gath, and they fell by the hand of David,
+and by the hand of his servants.
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 ^ And the Accuser stood up against Is-
+rael, and incited David to count Israel.
+
+2 And David said to Joab, and to the
+princes of the people. Go, number Israel from
+Beer-sheba' even to Dan. and bring their
+number to me, that I may know it.
+
+3 Then said Joab, Ma}- the Loku add unto
+his people, how many soever they be, a hun-
+dred-fold more : are they not all, my lord the
+king, my lord's sei'vants? why then will my
+lord require this thing? why shall it be a
+cause of guiltiness for Israel?
+
+4 Nevertheless the king's word remained
+firm against JoJib; and Joab went out, and
+moved about throughout all Israel, and came
+(back) to Jerusalem.
+
+5 ^ And Joab gave up the sum of the
+number of the peojile unto David: and there
+were (in) all Israel a thousand times thou-
+sand and one hundred thousand men that
+drew the sword; and (of) Judah were four
+hundred and seventy thousand men that
+drew the sword.
+
+G But Levi and Benjamin did he not count
+among them ; for tlie king's word was abomi-
+nable to Joiib.
+
+7 And this thing was displeasing in the
+eyes of (Jod, and he smote Israel.
+
+8 ^ And David said unto God, 1 lune
+sinned greatly, because I have done this
+thing; but now, I Ijeseech thee, cause the
+iniquity of thy servant to pass away; for I
+have acted very foolishl}'.
+
+9 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Gad. David's
+seer, saying,
+
+10 Go and speak unto David, saying. Thus
+hath said the Lord, Three things do I (jfl^er
+thee: choose for thyself one of them, and I
+will do it unto thee.
+
+11 So Gad came to David, and said unto
+him, Thushath said the Lord, Select for thyself,
+
+
+* 2 Samuel xxi. 18, in the parallel passage it is Gob; ! either copied a different authority, or the place (or per-
+but in this, a.s in many other instances, the chronicler li son) was called by more than one name.
+
+9G3
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXI. XXII.
+
+
+12 Whetlier there shall be three years
+famine ; or three months, to be destroyed be-
+fore thy adversaries, so that the sword of thy
+enemies overtake thee; or that during three
+days the sword of the Lord, even the pesti-
+
+
+22 Then said David to Oman, "Grant me
+the site of this threshing-floor, that I may
+build thereon an altar unto the Lord : for
+the full jnnce shalt thou give it unto me,
+so that the plague may be stayed from the
+
+
+lence, shall be in the land, and an angel of 1' people."
+the Lord destroying throughout all the bound- 23 And Oman said unto David. Take it
+arifs of Israel? And now retiect what word for thyself, and let my lord the king do what
+I shall bring back to him that hath sent is good in his eyes: lo, I give the oxen for
+me. burnt-ofteriugs, and the threshing-rollers for
+
+13 ]| And David said unto Gad, I am in. wood, and the wheat for the meat-ofiering;
+a great strait: let me fall then into the hand ^' the whole do I give (thee),
+of the Lord; for his mercies are very great;
+Ijut let me not fall into the hand of man.
+
+
+24 And king David said to Oman, No:
+
+but I will surely buy it at the full value; for
+
+14 So the Lord sent a pestilence in Israel, jj I will not take what is thine for the Lord, so
+
+and there fell of Israel seventy thousand | as to oiler burnt-offerings without paying
+
+men.
+
+
+15 And God sent an angel unto Jerusalem
+to destroy it; but as he was destroying, the
+Lord locjked on, and he bethought himself of
+the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed,
+It is enough: now stay thy hand. And the
+angel of the Lord was standing by the thresh-
+ing-floor of Oman the Jebusite.
+
+16 ^ And David lifted up his eyes, and
+saw the angel of the Lord standing between
+the earth and tlie heavens, with liis sword
+drawn in his hand, stretched out over Jeru-
+salem. Then fell David, with the elders
+Avrapt in sackcloth, upon their fiices.
+
+17 And David said unto God, Was it not
+I that ordered to count the people? and I
+am the one that have sinned and have done
+evil indeed; but these sheep, what have they
+done? 0 Lord my God, let thy hand, I pray
+thee, be against me, and against my father's
+house, but not against thy people, that there
+should be a plague.
+
+18 ^ And the angel of the Lord spoke to
+Gad to say to David, that David should go
+
+up, to erect an altar unto the Lord on the ''the Lord the (true) tJod, and this is the altar
+threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite. jjfor the burnt-oflering for Israel.
+
+19 And David went up by the wcu'd ofjj 2 |[ And David ordered to gather together
+Gad, which he had spoken in the name of;ithe strangers that were in the land of Israel :
+
+
+theretbr.
+
+25 So David gave to Ornan for the place
+six hundred shekels of gold by weight.
+
+2G And David built there an altar unto
+the Lord, and oflered burnt^offerings and
+peace-ofi'erings, and he called on the Lord:
+and he answered him from heaven by fire
+upon the altar of burnt-ofi'ering.
+
+27 Tl And the Lord spoke to the angel,
+and he put back his sword into its sheath.
+
+28 At that time when David saw that the
+Lord had answered him on the threshing-
+floor of Ornan the Jebusite, then did he sacri-
+fice there.
+
+29 But the tabernacle of the Lord, which
+Moses had made in the wilderness, and the
+altar of the burnt-offering, were at that time
+in the high-place at Gib'on.
+
+30 But Da\'id was not able to go before it
+to incjuire of God; for he was afraid because
+of the sword of the angel of the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 ^ And David said. This is the house of
+
+
+the Lord.
+
+20 And when Ornan turned back, and saw ■•
+the angel, then did he and his foiu- sons
+with him hide themselves. Now Ornan was
+threshing wheat.
+
+
+and he appointed (them) to be masons to
+hew cut stones to build the house of God.
+
+3 And iron in aljundance lor the nails i!)r
+the doors of the gates, and for the joinings,
+did David pr(']);n"e; and copper in aliundance.
+
+
+21 And as David came up to Oman, Ornan! (which) could not be weighed;
+looked up and saw David; and he went out j 4 Also cedar-ti-ees (which) could not be
+of the threshing-floor, and bowed himself to 'counted; for the Zidonians and the Tvrians
+
+David with his face to the gioiuid. ,diadbroughtcedar-trees in abundance to David,
+
+'.104
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXII. XXIII.
+
+
+5 ^ And David said, Solomon my son is
+3'oung and tender, and the house tliat is to
+be built (in honour) of the Lord must be
+exceedingly great, for fame and for glory
+throughout all the countries: 1 will therefore
+make preparation for it. So David made
+abundant preparation before his death.
+
+G And he called for Solomon his son, and
+charged him to Ijuild a house for the LorD;
+the God of Israel.
+
+7 Tl And David said to Solomon, My son,
+as for me, it was in my mind to build a house
+unto the name of the Lord my God;
+
+8 But there came concerning me the word
+of the Lord, saying, Blood in abundance hast
+thou shed, and great wars hast thou made:
+thou shalt not build a house unto my name,
+because much blood hast thou shetl upon the
+earth before me.
+
+9 Behold, a son will be born to thee, he it
+is who shall be a man of rest; and I will
+give him rest from all his enemies on e^'ery
+side; foi St)lomon [The Peaceful] shall be
+his name, and peace and quietness will 1 be-
+stow on Israel in his days.
+
+10 He it is who shall build a house unto
+my name; and he shall be unto me as a son,
+and I will be unto him as a father; and I
+will establish the throne of his kingdom over
+Israel for ever.
+
+11 Now, my son, may the Lord be with
+thee, that thou mayest prosjjcr, and build
+the house of the Lord thy God, as he hath
+spoken concerning thee.
+
+12 Only may the Lord give thee intelli-
+gence and understanding, and a-ive thee
+charge over Israel, so that thou mayest ob-
+serve the law of the Lord thy God.
+
+13 Then wilt thou prosper, if thou observe
+to practice the statutes and the ordinances
+which the Lord commanded Moses concern-
+ing Israel: be strong, and of good courage;
+be not afraid, nor be thou ilisinayed.
+
+14 And, behold, during my allliction have
+I prepared for the house of the Lord one
+hundred thousand talents of gold, and a thou-
+sand times thousand talents of silver; and of
+copper and iron (as much as) cannot be
+weighed; for in (such) abundance was it:
+and wood and stone have I prepared; and
+thou must add thereto.
+
+15 Moreover there are with thee in abun-
+dance workmen, hewers and workers of stone
+
+
+and timber, and all manner of skilful men
+tor ever}- kind of work.
+
+16 The gold, the silver, and the copper,
+and the iron cannot be numbered: arise,
+(therefore,) and be doing, and may the Lord
+be with thee.
+
+17 And David gave a charge to all the
+princes of Israel to help Solomon his son,
+(saying,)
+
+18 Behold the Lord j'our God is with you ;
+and he hath given you rest on every side;
+for he hath given up into my hand the in-
+habitants of the land, and the land is sul)-
+dued before the Lord, and before his people.
+
+I 19 Now direct your heart and your soul
+to seek the Lord your God; and arise, and
+build ye the sanctuary of the Lord the (true)
+God, (in order) to bring the ark of the cove-
+
+' nant of the Lord, and the holy vessels of
+God, into the house that is to be built unto
+the name of the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 ^ And when David was old and full of
+clays, he niade Solomon his son king over
+Israel.
+
+I 2 And he gathered together all the
+princes of Israel, with the priests and the
+Levites.
+
+I 3 And then were numbered the Levites
+from thirty years old and upwai'd : and their
+number by their polls, of men, was thirty
+
+j and eight thousand.
+
+4 Of these were twenty and four thousand
+to superintend the work of the house of the
+Lord; and six thousand were officers and
+judges;
+
+5 And four thousand were gatekeepers;
+and four thousand those who praised the
+Lord with the instruments which I" have
+made, to praise therewith.
+
+6 ^ And David divided them into divi-
+sions after the sons of Levi, after Gershon,
+Kehath, and Merari.
+
+7 ]| Of the Gershunites: La'dan, and
+Shim'i.
+
+8 T[ The sons of La'dan: The chief was
+Jechiel, and Zetham, and Joel, three.
+
+9 ^ The sons of Shim'i: Shelomith, and
+Chaziel, and Haran, three. These were the
+chiefs of the families of La'dan.
+
+
+i. e. David; an extract from a speech of bis.
+
+900
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXIII. XXIV.
+
+
+10 ^ And the sons of Sliini'i were, Jacliath,
+Zina, and Je'usli, and Beri'ah. These four
+were the sons of Shim'i.
+
+11 And Jachath was the chief, and Zizah
+the second; but Je'ush and Beri'ah had not
+many sons: therefore were they accounted
+as one family division in the numbering.
+
+12 ]| The sons of Kehath : 'Amram, Yiz-
+har, Hebron, and 'Uzziel, four.
+
+13 ^ The sons of 'Amram: Aaron and
+Moses; and Aaron was set apart, to sanctify
+Iiim as most holy, he with his sons for ever,
+to burn incense before the Lord, to minister
+unto him, and to l)less in his name for
+ever.
+
+14 But as regardeth Moses' the man of
+God, his sons were named after the tribe of
+Levi.
+
+15 ^ The .sons of Moses w^ere, Gershom,
+and Eli'ezer.
+
+16 Of the sons of Gershom, Shebuel was
+the chief.
+
+17 And the sons of Eli'ezer were, Rechab-
+yah the chief. And Eli'ezer had no other
+sons; but the sons of Rechabyah became ex-
+ceedingly numerous.
+
+18 ]| Of the sons of Yizhar, was Shelomith
+the chief.
+
+19 ^ The sons of Hebron : Jeriyahu the
+chief, Amaryah the second, Jachaziel the
+third, and Jekam'am the fourth.
+
+20 Tl The sons of 'Uzziel: Michah the
+chief, and Yishiyah the second.
+
+21 T[ The sons of Merari: Machli, and
+Mushi. The sons of Machli: El'azar, and
+Kish.
+
+22 And El'azar died, and had no sons, but
+daughters; and the sons of Kish, their bre-
+thren, took them (for wives).
+
+2.3 The sons of Mushi : Machli. and 'Eder,
+and Jeremoth, three.
+
+24 These were the sons of Levi after their
+family divisions, even the chiefs of the fami-
+lies, as they were counted by numbering the
+names after their polls, that did the work
+for the service of the house of the Lord, from
+twenty years old and upward.
+
+2;") For David said, The Luun the God of
+Israel hath given rest unto his people, and
+he dwelleth in Jerusalem for evermore.
+
+26 And also the Levites are no more bound
+to carry the tabernacle, and all its vessels for
+the service thereof.
+
+966
+
+
+27 Therefore by the last words of David
+were there numbered of the Levites those
+who were from twenty years old and above ;
+
+28 Because their station was to be at the
+side of the sons of Aaron for the service of
+the house of the Lord, in the courts, and in
+the chambers, and by the purification of all
+holy things, and the work of the sei'vice of
+the house of God;
+
+29 And for the shew-bread, which was put
+in rows, and for the fine flour for meat-offer-
+ing, and for the unleavened cakes, and for
+that which is baked in the pan, and for that
+which is sodden, and for all manner of dry
+and wet measure;
+
+30 And to stand every morning to thank
+and praise the Lord, and so also at evening,
+
+31 And at all the offering of burnt-offerings
+unto the Lord on the sabbaths, on the new
+moons, and on the appointed feasts, accord-
+ing to the number, and after the manner
+prescribed for them, continually before the
+Lord;
+
+32 And that they should keep the charge
+of the tabernacle of the " congregration, and
+the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge
+of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the
+service of the house of the Lord.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ And the divisions of the sons of Aaron
+were : The sons of Aaron w-ere Nadab, and
+Abihu, El'azar, and Ithamar.
+
+2 But Nadab and Abihu died before their
+father, and they had no children: and El'azar
+and Ithamar became priests.
+
+3 And David divided them off with Zadok
+of the sons of El'azar, and Achimelech" of
+the sons of Ithamar, to their office in their
+service.
+
+4 And the sons of El'azar were found more
+numerous in the chiefs of males than the
+sons of Ithamar; and they divided them ac-
+cordingly. Of the sons of El'azar there were
+.sixteen chiefs of the family divisions, and of
+the sons of Ithamar, eight lor their fomily
+divisions.
+
+5 And they divided them off by lot, both
+the first and the last; for the governors of
+the sanctuary, and governors (of the house)
+
+
+* No doubt Abyathar, liore and elsewhere called after
+his father, instead of the ",scin of Aehinieleeh."
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXIV. XXV.
+
+
+of God, were from tlie sons of EFaZcar, ;iii(i
+from the sons of Ithamar.
+
+G ^ And Shema'yah the son of Nethanel
+the scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them
+down before the king, and the princes, and
+Zadok the pi-iest. and Achimelecli the son of
+Ebvathar, and the chiefs of the famiUes of
+the priests and Levites: one family division
+being drawn of El'azar, and one being equally
+drawn of Ithamar.
+
+7 ][ And there came out the first lot for
+Jehoyarib, for Jeda'yah the second,
+
+8 For Charim the third, for Se'orim the
+fourth,
+
+9. For Malkiyah the fifth, for Miyamin the
+sixth,
+
+10 For riakkoz the seventh, for Abiyah
+the eiglith.
+
+11 For Jeshua' the ainth, for Shechanjahu
+the tenth,
+
+12 For Elyashih the eleventh, for Jakim
+the twelfth,
+
+13 For Chuppah the thirteenth, for Je-
+shebab the fourteenth,
+
+1-4 For Bilgah the tifteetith, for Iinnier the
+sixteenth,
+
+15 For Chezir the seventeenth, lor Hap-
+pizzez the eighteenth.
+
+IG For Pethachyah the nineteenth, for
+Ezekiel the twentieth,
+
+17 For Jachin the one and twentieth, for
+Gnmul the two and twentieth,
+
+18 Fur Delayahu the three and twentieth,
+for Ma'azyahu the four and twentieth.
+
+19 ^j This was their office in their service
+to come into the house of the Lord, according
+to the manner prescribed to them, under the
+supervision of Aaron their father, as the Lord
+the God of Israel had commanded him.
+
+20 And of the rest of the sons of Levi
+there were, of the sons of 'Amram : Shubael.
+Of the sons of Shubael: Jechdeyahu.
+
+21 Concerning Rechabyahu, of the sons of
+Rechabyahu the chief was Yishiyah.
+
+22 Of the Yizharites was Shelomoth : of
+the sons of Shelomoth was Jachath.
+
+23 And the sons (of Hebron) : Jeriyah,
+Amaryahu the second, Jachaziel the third,
+Jekam'am the fourth.
+
+
+° Redak, '' Aboth" as a name, " Aboth the chief."
+•"This obscuro passage is explained by Rashi, " to
+exalt the horn of prophecy ;" Redak, " of Israel," — -neither
+of which gives a good sense. Herxheinier renders freely,
+
+
+24 (Of) the sons of 'Uzziel, Michah : of
+the sons of Michah, Shamir.
+
+25 The brother of Michah was Yishiyah:
+of the sons of Yishiyah, Zecharyahu.
+
+26 The sons of Merari were Machli and
+Mushi: the sons of Ja'aziyahu, Beno.
+
+27 The sons of Merari by Ja'aziyahu:
+Beno, and Shoham, iind Zaccur. and 'Ibri.
+
+28 Of Machli: El'azar, who had no sons.
+
+29 Of Kish : The son of Kish was Jerach-
+meel.
+
+30 And the sons of Mushi were Machli,
+and 'Eder, and .Terimoth. These wei-e the
+sons of the Levites after their family divi-
+sions.
+
+31 These likewise cast lots in the same
+mnmier as their brethren the sons of Aaron
+in tlie presence of king David, and Zadok,
+and Achimelech, and the chiefs of the fami-
+lies of the priests and Levites, even the prin-
+cipal of the families* equally with his youngest
+brother.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ^ David also divided off with the chiefs
+of the host for the service of the soiis of
+Assaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthuu,
+those who uttered praise (accompanied) with
+harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: nnd
+their number was of the men (that did) the
+work in their service,
+
+2 Of the sons of Assaph: Zaccur. aud
+Josejjh, and Nethanyah, and Asharelah, the
+sons of Assaph under the supervision of As-
+saph, who uttered praise under the supervi-
+sion of the king.
+
+3 Of Jeduthun, the sons of Jeduthun: Ge-
+dalyahu, and Zeri, and Jesha'yahu, Chashab-
+yaliu, and Matthithyahu, six, under the super-
+vision of their father Jeduthun, who uttered
+praise with a harp, in order to give thanks
+and to utter praise unto the Lord.
+
+4 Of Heman, the sons of Heman: Bukki-
+yahu, Matthanyahu, 'Uzziel, Shebuel, and
+Jerimoth, Chananyah, Chanani, Eliiithah,
+Giddalti, and Romamti-'ezer, Joshbekashah,
+Mallothi, Ilothir, and Machiz'oth;
+
+5 All these sons of Heman the king's seer
+in the words of God, were to lift up the horn."
+
+"who praised with the words of God :" this is not accnr^-
+' ing to the words. Zuiiz, "that according to the words
+
+of God (hi.s) horn mifjht be lifted up." It means, pro-
+! bably, who instructed him in the word of God.
+
+967
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXV. XXVI.
+
+
+And God gave to Heman fourteen sons and
+three daughters.
+
+G All these were under the supervision of
+their father at the singing in the house of the
+Lord, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for
+the service of the house of God, under the
+supervision of the king, Assaph, Jeduthun,
+and He man.
+
+7 And their number, with their brethren
+that were practised in singing unto the Lord,
+even all that were acquainted (therewith),
+was two hundred eighty and eight.
+
+8 And they cast lots, division against
+(division)," the small as well as the great, the
+one acquainted with his business together
+with the scholar.
+
+9 ^ And there came forth the first lot for
+Assaph for Joseph ; Gedalyahu was the second,
+he with his brethren and sous, being twelve;
+
+10 Tf The third was Zaccur, his sons, and
+his brethren, being twelve;
+
+11 ^ The fourth was for Yizri, his sons,
+and his bretliren, being twelve;
+
+12 ^ The fifth was Nethanyahu, his sons,
+and his brethren, l)eing twelve;
+
+13 Tl The sixth was Bukkiyahu, his sons,
+and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+14 ^ The seventh was Jessarelah, his
+sous, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+15 Tl The eighth was Jesha'yahu, his sons,
+and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+16 ^ The ninth was Matthanyahu, his
+sous, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+17 ^ The tenth was Shim'i, his sons, and
+his brethren, being twelve;
+
+18 ^ The eleventh was 'Asarel, his sons,
+and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+19 ^ The twelfth was for Chashabyah, his
+sons, and his breilu'en, being tvs'elva;
+
+20 1[ The thirteenth was SLubael, his
+sons, and his bret'aren, being twelve;
+
+21 ^[ The fourteenth w;is Matthithyahu,
+his sons, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+22 ']] The fifteenth was for Jeremoth, his
+sons, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+2o ^ The sixteenth was for Chauanyahu,
+his .sous, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+24 'W The seventeenth was for Joshbeka-
+shiJi, his sons, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+
+• So Rashi, who supplies this word; but Zunz, " con-
+ccrDiug the dutl>» of thci? office, the losst eqvially with
+the great, the teacher with the scholar."
+9U«
+
+
+25 ][ Tlie eighteenth was for Chanani, his
+sons, and his brethren, being twelve ;
+
+26 Tf The nineteenth was for Mallothi, his
+sons, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+27 ^ The twentieth was for Eliyathah, his
+sons, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+28 ^ The one and twentieth was for Ho-
+thir, his sons, and his brethren, being twelve;
+
+29 ^ The tw^o and twentieth was for Gid-
+dalthi, his sons, and his brethren, being
+twelve ;
+
+30 ^ The three and twentietli was for
+Machasioth, his sons, and his brethren, being
+twelve ;
+
+31 ][ The four and twentieth Avas for Ro-
+mamthi-'eser, his sons, and his brethren, be-
+ing twelve.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 ^ Concerning the divisions of the gate-
+keepers (who were) of the Korchites : Me-
+shelemyahu the son of Kor^, of the sons of
+Assaph.
+
+2 And Meshelem3ahu had sons: Zecliar-
+yahu the first-born, Jedi'ael the second, Zebad-
+yahu the third, Jathniel the fourth.
+
+3 'Elam the fifth, Jehochanan the sixth,
+Elyeho'enai the seventh.
+
+4 And 'Obed-edom had sons: Shema'yah
+the first-born, Jehosabad the second, Joiich
+the third, and Sachar the fourth, and Ne-
+thanel tlie fifth,
+
+5 'Amniiel the sixth, Issachar the seventh,
+Pe'ulthai the eighth; for God had blessed
+him.
+
+6 Also unto Shema'yah his son there were
+Ijorn sons, that were rulers for the house of
+their father; for they were mighty men of
+valour.
+
+7 The sons of Shema'yah were 'Othni, and
+Rephael, and 'Obed, (and) Elsabad, his bro-
+thers (were) valiant men, Elihu, and Semiich-
+yahu.
+
+8 All these were of the sons of 'Obed-edom :
+they and their sons and their bretliren were
+valiant men in strength for the service, l)eing
+sixty and two (descendants) of 'Obed-edom.
+
+9 And Meshelemyahu had sons and bre-
+thren, valiant men, eighteen.
+
+10 Also Chossah, of the children of Merari,
+had sons: Shimri the chief, for (though") he
+was not the first-born, yet his father made
+him the chief;
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXV 1. XX\at.
+
+
+11 (liiikisiilm the second, Tebalyahu tlu'
+third, Zecharyahu the fourth; all the sons and
+brethren of Chossah were thirteen.
+
+12 These divisions of the gatekeepers, after
+the chief men, had the watch along with their
+brethren, to minister in the house of the Loiin.
+
+13 And they cast lots, the small as well as
+the great, accordmg to their family divisions,
+for each and every gate.
+
+14 And the lot at the east fell for Slielem-
+yahu. Anil for Zecharyahu his son, an intelli-
+gent counsellor, they cast lots, and his lot
+came out at the north.
+
+15 For 'Obed-edom at the south; and to
+his sons (was assigned) the house of Assup-
+pini."
+
+10 For Shuppim and for Chossah at the
+west, by the gate Shalleclieth, on the ascend-
+ing causeway, watch alongside of watch.
+
+17 At the east were six Levites, at the
+north four for every day, at the south four
+for every day, and for (the house of) Assup-
+pim alwa3"S two.
+
+18 At the Parbar on the west, four at the
+causeway, and two at the Parbar.
+
+19 These are the divisions of the gate-
+keepers of the sons of the Korchites, and of
+the sons of Merari.
+
+20 And of the Levites, Achiyah was over
+the treasuries of the house of God, and over
+the treasuries of the holy things.
+
+21 (As concerning) the sons of La'dan, the
+sons of the Gershunites of La'dan, the chiefs
+of the families of La'dan the Gershunite, were
+the Jechielites.
+
+22 The sons of Jechieli, Zetham, and Joel
+his brother, were over the treasuries of the
+house of the Lord.
+
+23 Of the 'Amramites, of the Yizharites,
+of the Hebronites, and of the 'Uzzielites,
+
+24 (Was) even Shebuel the son of Ger-
+shom, the son of Moses, superintendent of
+the treasuries.
+
+25 And his brethren by Eli'ezer: Rechab-
+yahu his son, and Jesha'yahu his son, and
+Joram his son, and Zichri his son, and She-
+lomitli his son.
+
+26 This Shelomoth and his brethren were
+over all the treasuries of the holy things,
+which king David had sanctified, together
+
+
+• Kashi regards this as a proper name; but Zunz, "of
+the guards." Herxheimer, "treasury."
+5 W
+
+
+with the chiefs of the family divisions, the
+captains over the thousands and the huji-
+dreds, and the captains of the army.
+
+27 Out of the wars, and out of the booty
+did they sanctify to maintain the house of
+the Lord.
+
+28 And all that Samuel the seer, and Saiil
+the son of Kish, and Abner the son of Ner,
+and Joid) the son of Zeruyah, had sanctified,
+whatsoever (any one) had sanctified, was
+under the supervision of Shelomith and of
+his brethren.
+
+29 Of the Yizharites were Kenanyahu and
+his sons for the outward business over Israel,
+for officers and judges.
+
+30 Of the Hebronites were Chashabyahu
+and his brethren, valiant men, a thousand
+and seven hundred (in number), appointed
+over the affairs of Israel on this side of the
+Jordan to the west, for all the business of the
+Lord, and for the service of the king.
+
+31 Of the Hebronites was Jeriyah the
+chief, for the Hebronites, according to their
+generations by families. In the fortieth year
+of the reign of David were they inquired into,
+and there were found among them mighty
+men of valour at Ja'zer of Gil'ad.
+
+32 And his brethren, valiant men, were
+two thousand and seven hundred chiefs of
+families: and king David appointed them
+over the Reiiljenites, the Gadites, and the
+half tribe of Menasseh, for every matter per-
+taining to God, and the affairs of the king.
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^ And (these are) the children of Israel
+after their number, (to wit,) the chiefs of
+the family divisions and the captains of tlie
+thousands and the hundreds, and their officers
+that served the king in every matter of the
+divisions, that came in and went out month
+by month, throughout all the months of the
+year, every division being twenty and four
+thousand.
+
+2 ]| Over the first division for the first
+month was Jashob'am the son of Zabdiel;
+and in his division were twenty and four
+thousand.
+
+3 (He) of the children of Perez was the
+chief of all the captains of the armies for the
+first month.
+
+4 T[ And over the division of the second
+month Avas Dodai the Achochite, and of his
+
+909
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXVII.
+
+
+division was Mikloth also the ruler; and in
+his division were twenty and four thousand.
+
+5 Tl The third captain of the army for the
+third month was Benayahu the son of Jelio-
+yada', the priest, the chief; and in his divi-
+sion Avere twenty and four thousand.
+
+6 This Benayahu was the mighty among,
+the thirty, and (set) over the thirty; and of
+his division was 'Ammizabad his son.
+
+7 Tl The fourth for the fourth month was
+'Assahel the brother of Joalj, with Zebadyah
+his son after him; and in his division were
+twenty and four thousand.
+
+8 T[ The fifth for the fifth month was the
+captain iShamhuth the Yizrachite; and in his
+division were twenty and four thousand.
+
+9 ^ The sixth for the sixth month was
+'Ira the son of 'Ikkesh the Theko'ite ; and
+in his division were twenty and four thou-
+sand.
+
+10 ]y The seventh for the seventh month
+was Chelez the Pelonite, of the children of
+Ephraim; and in his division were twenty
+and four thousand.
+
+11 ][ The eighth for the eighth month
+was Sibbechai the Chushathite, of the Zar-
+chites; and in his division were twenty and
+four thousand.
+
+12 ^ The ninth for the ninth month was
+Abi'ezer the 'Anthothite, of Benjamin; and
+in his division were twenty and four thou-
+sand.
+
+13 ^ The tenth fn- the tenth month was
+Maliarai the Netophathite, of the Zarchites;
+and in his division were twenty and four
+thousand.
+
+14 ^[ The eleventh for the eleventh month
+Avas Benayah the Pir'athonite, of the children
+of Ephraim; and in his division were twenty
+and four thousand.
+
+15 T[ The twelfth for the twelfth month
+was Cheldai the Netophathite, of 'Othniel;
+and in his division were twenty and four
+thousand.
+
+1() ^ Moreover over the tribes of Israel:
+Of the Reubenites was ruler Eli'ezer the son
+of Zichri ; of the Simeonites, Shephatyahu the
+son of Ma'achah ;
+
+17 Of the Levites, Chashabyah the son of
+Kamuel ; of (the sons of) Aaron, Zadok ;
+
+18 Of Judah, Eliliu, one of the brothers of
+David; of Issachar, 'Ouiri the son of Michael;
+
+19 Of Zebulun. Yi.shma'yahu the son of
+
+
+'Obadyahu; of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of
+'Azriel ;
+
+20 Of the children of Ephraim, Iloshea,
+the son of 'Azazyahu; of the half tribe of Me-
+nasseh, Joel the son of Pedayahu;
+
+21 Of the half tribe of Menasseh in Gil'ad,
+Yiddo the son of Zecharyahu; of Benjamin,
+'Ja'assiel the son of Abner;
+
+22 Of Dan, 'Azarel tlie son of Jerocham.
+These were the princes of the tribes of Israel.
+
+23 But David took not their number from
+twenty years old and under; because the
+LoKU liad said he would multiply Israel like
+the stars of the heavens.
+
+24 Joiib the son of Zeruyah l^egan to num-
+ber (them) ; but he finished not, and there
+came wrath because of it against Israel : and
+the numlier was not entered in the account
+of the chronicles of king David.
+
+25 ^ And over the king's treasures was
+'Azmaveth the son of 'Adiel; and over the
+storehouses in the fields, in the cities, and in
+tlie villages, and in the castles, was Jehona-
+than the son of 'Uzziyahu.
+
+26 Tl And over those that did the work of
+the field, in the tillage of the ground, was
+'Ezri the son of Kelub.
+
+27 ^ And over the vineyards was Shim'i
+the Ramathite; and over what was in the
+vineyards, as regardeth the supplies of wine,
+was Zabdi the Shiphmite.
+
+28 ^ And over the olive-trees and the
+sycamore-trees that were in the lowlands
+was Ba'al-chanan the Gederite; and over the
+supplies of oil was Jo'ash.
+
+29 T[ And over the herds that fed in Sha-
+ron was Shitrai the Sharonite; and over the
+herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat
+the son of 'Adlai.
+
+30 ^[ And over the camels was Obil the
+Ishma'elite; and over the she-asses was Yech-
+deyahu the Meronothite.
+
+ol Tl And over the Hocks was Jaziz the
+Ilagerene. All these were the rulers of the
+property which belonged to king David.
+
+32 ^1 Also Jonathan David's uncle was a
+counsellor, being a man of understanding and
+acrpiainted with law; and Jechiel the son of
+Chachmoni was with the king's sons;
+
+33 And Achithophel was the king's coun-
+sellor; and (Jhushai the Arkite was the king's
+friend;
+
+34 Andafter A(;hithophel (came) Jehoyada'
+
+
+970
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXVII. XXVIII.
+
+
+the son of Beuayahu and Ebyatliar; and tlie
+captain of the khig's array was Joab.
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 ^ And David assembled all the princes
+of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the
+captains of the divisions that ministered to
+the king, and the captains of the thousands,
+and the captains of the hundreds, and the
+rulers of all the property and the cattle of
+the king and of his sons, with the courtrser-
+vants, and the mighty men, and with all the
+valiant men of the army, unto Jerusalem.
+
+2 Then arose king David upon his feet,
+and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my
+people! I had in my heart to build a house
+of rest for the ark of the covenant of the
+Lord, and for the footstool of our God, and
+I had made preparations to build;
+
+." But Cod said unto me, Thou shalt not
+build a bouse unto my name; because thou
+art a man of war, and blood hast thou shed.
+
+4 Yet the Lokd the God of Israel made
+choice of me out of all the house of my father
+to be king over Is-i'ael for ever; for of Judah
+had he made choice as ruler; and among the
+hou:e of Judah, of the house of my father;
+and among the sons of my fother had he
+pleasure in me to make (me) king over all
+Israel :
+
+5 And of all my sons, — for the Lord hath
+given me many sons, — hath he made choice
+of Solomon my son, to sit upon the throne of
+the kingdom of the Lord over Israel.
+
+6 And he hath said unto me, Solomon thy
+son it is that shall build my house and my
+courts; for I have made choice of him to be
+as a son unto me, and I will be indeed to
+him as a father.
+
+7 Moreover, I will firmly establish his
+kingdom for everlasting, if he be strong to
+execute my commandments and my ordi-
+nances as it is this day.
+
+8 And now before tbe eyes of all Israel,
+the congregation of the Lord, and in the
+hearing of our God, (I admonish you) ol)serve
+and seek for all the commandments of the
+Lord your God : in order tliat ye may keep
+possession of this good land, and leave it for
+an inheritance unto your children after you
+for ever.
+
+9 And thou, Solomon my son, know thou
+the God of thy father, and serve him with an
+
+
+entire heart and with a willing soul; for all
+hearts doth the Lord search, and every ima-
+gination of the thoughts doth he understand :
+if thou seek him, he will let himself be fomid
+by thee ; but if thou forsake him, he will cast
+thee off for ever.
+
+10 See now that the Lord hath made
+choice of thee to build a house for the sanc-
+tuary: be strong and do it.
+
+11 ^ Then gave David to Solomon his son
+the pattern of the poi'ch, and of its apart-
+ments, and of its treasuries, and of upper
+chambers, and of its inner chambers, and of
+the place of the cover of the ark,
+
+12 And the pattern of all that he had in
+his spirit, concerning the courts of the house
+of the Lord, and concerning all the chambei-s
+round about, concernmg the treasuries of the
+house of God, and concerning the treasuries
+of the holy things ;
+
+1.3 Also concerning the divisions of the
+priests and the Levites, and concerning all
+the work of the service of the house of the
+Lord, and concerning all the vessels of ser-
+vice of the house of the Lord;
+
+14 Concerning the golden vessels, after the
+weight of tbe gold, for all the vessels of all
+manner of service ; concerning all the vessels
+of silver after the weight, for all the vessels
+of every kind of service ;
+
+15 Also the weight for the candlesticks of
+gold, and for their lamps of gold, after the
+weight for every candlestick, and for its
+lamps; and concerning the candlesticks of
+silver after the weight, for the candlestick,
+and for its lamps, according to the use of
+every candlestick ;
+
+16 And the gold after the weight for the
+tables of the rows of shewbread, for every
+table; and the silver for the tables of silver;
+
+17 Also (concerning) the forks, and the
+bowls, and the supporters of pure gold ; and
+concerning the golden cups after the weight
+for every cup ; and concerning the silver cups
+after the weight for every cup ;
+
+18 And concerning the altar of incense
+the refined gold after the weight; and con-
+cerning the pattern of the chariot of the
+golden cherubim, which spread out (their
+wings), and cover the ark of the covenant of
+the Lord.
+
+19 All (this, said David,) was put in writing
+from the hand of the Lord, who gave me in-
+
+97]
+
+
+1 CHRONICLES XXVIII. XXIX.
+
+
+titi'uction (respecting) all the works of the
+pattenr.
+
+20 ^ And David said to Solomon his son,
+Be strong, and of good courage, and do (the
+work); fear not, and be not dismayed; for
+the Lord God, (yea,) my God, is with thee:
+he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until
+thou have finished all the work for the ser-
+vice of the house of the Lord.
+
+21 And, behold, the divisions of the priests
+and the Levites are there for all the service
+of the house of God ; and with thee are in all
+manner of workmanship all kinds of men
+distinguished in wisdom, for every manner of
+service; and the princes and all the people
+are ready (to obey) all thy words.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ^ And king David said unto all the
+assembly, Solomon, the only son of mine
+whom God hath made choice of, is yet young
+and tender, and the work is great; because
+not for man is the palace to be, but for the
+Lord God.
+
+2 But with all my might have I made
+read} for the house of my God, the gold
+for the things of gold, and the silver for the
+things of silver, and the copper for the things
+of copper, the iron for the things of iron, and
+the wood for the things of wood; onyx stones,
+and stones to be set, bright stones, and those
+of divers colours, and all manner of precious
+stones, and marble stones in abundance.
+
+3 Moreover, because I have set my affec-
+tion on the house of my God, have I acquired
+as my own propert}- gold and silver; (and
+this) have I given to the house of my God,
+over and above all that I have prepared for
+the holy house:
+
+4 Three thousand talents of gold, of the
+gold of Ophir, and seven thousand talents of
+refined silver, co overlay the walls of the
+houses ;
+
+5 All that is needed of gold and of silver, '
+and for every n.anner of work (to be made)
+by the hands of artificers. And who (now)
+is willing to consecrate his hand this day
+unto the Lord?
+
+6 Thereupon offered voluntarily the chiefs
+of the family divisions and the princes of the
+tribes of Israel, and the captains of the thou-
+
+
+sands and of the hundreds, with the super-
+visors of the king's work ;
+
+7 And they gave for the service of the
+house of God of gold five thousand talents
+and ten thousand drachms, and of silver ten
+thousand talents, and of copper eighteen
+thousand talents, and of iron one hundred
+thousand talents.
+
+8 And those with whom stones were found
+gave them to the treasury of the house of the
+Lord, under the supervision of Jechiel tlie
+Gershunite.
+
+9 Then did the people rejoice, because they
+had voluntarily offered ; for with an undivided
+heart did they offer to the Lord: and also
+king David rejoiced with great joy.
+
+10 Tl And David blessed the Lord before
+the eyes of all the congregation; and David
+said. Blessed be thou, 0 Lord the God of
+Israel our father, from everlasting even unto
+everlasting.
+
+11 Thine, 0 Lord, are the greatness, and
+the might, and the glory, and the victory,"
+and the majesty, yea, all that is in the hear
+vens and on the earth: thine, 0 Lord, is the
+kingdom, and thou art exalted as the head
+above all.
+
+12 And riches and honour come from thee,
+and thou rulest over all ; and in thy hand are
+power and might; and it is in thy hand to
+make great, and to give strength unto all.
+
+13 And now, 0 our God, we give thanks
+unto thee, and praise thy glorious name.
+
+14 For who am I, and what is my people,
+that we should possess the power to offer
+voluntarily after this sort? for from thee is
+every thing, and out of thy own have we
+given unto thee.
+
+15 For strangers are we before thee, and
+sojourners, as were all our fathers: like a
+shadow are our days on the earth, and there
+is no hope (of abiding) .''
+
+IG 0 Lord our God! all this abundant store
+which we have prepared to build for thee a
+house for thy holy name, is out of thy own
+hand, and thine is all.
+
+17 And I know, my God, that thou probest
+the heart, and uprightness thou receivest in
+favour. As for me, in the uprightness of
+my heart have I voluntarily offered all these
+things; and now thy people, that are present
+
+
+Herxhei' tr, "exiellcn'O, I'Icriiity, anil s]il<iii|nii
+972
+
+
+Ziinz, "(in earth fast fli-etiii"
+
+
+2 rnRoxirT>ES t.
+
+
+here, do I see witli joy offering' voluntarily
+unto thee.
+
+18 0 Lord, God of Abraham, Isaac, and
+of Israel, our fathers, ^^I'oserve this for ever
+as the imagination of the thoughts of the
+heart of thy people, and direct their heart
+firmly unto thee.
+
+19 And unto Solomon my son do thou
+give an undivided heart, to keep thy com-
+mandments, thy testimonies, and thy sta-
+tutes, and to do all, and to build the palace,
+for which I have made pre^jaration.
+
+20 ^ And David said to all the assembly.
+Bless now tlie Lord your God. And all
+the assembly blessed the Lord the God
+of their fathers, and bent down their heads,
+and prostrated themselves to the Lord, and
+to the king.
+
+21 And they sacrificed sacrifices unto the
+Lord, and they oflei'ed burnt-ofterings unto
+the Lord, on the morrow after that day, one
+thousand bullocks, a thousand rams, a thou-
+sand sheep, with their drink-ofierings, and
+(other) sacrifices in abundance for all Israel;
+
+22 And they ate and drank before the
+Lord on that day with great joy. And they
+declared the second time Solomon the son of
+David to be king, and they anointed him
+unto the Lord as chief ruler, and Zadok as
+priest.
+
+
+23 Then sat Solomon on the throne of the
+Lord as king instead of David his fathei-. and
+he was prosperous; and all Israel obeyed
+him.
+
+24 And all the princes, and the mighty
+men, and also all the sons of king David,
+submitted" themselves unto ving Solomon.
+
+25 And the Lord made Solomon exceed-
+ingly great before the eyes of all Israel; and
+he bestowed u[)on liim a royal majesty such
+as liad not been on any king over Israel be-
+fore him.
+
+26 ^ Thus did David the son of Jesse
+reign over all Israel.
+
+27 And the time that he reigned over
+Israel was forty years: in Hebron he reigned
+seven ^ears, and in Jerusalem he reigned
+thirty and three (years).
+
+28 And he died in a good old age, full of
+days, riches, and honour: and Solomon his
+son became king in his stead.
+
+29 And the acts of kin^ David, the first
+and the last, behold, they are written in
+the history of Samuel the seer, and in the
+history of Nathan the prophet, and in the
+history of Gad the seer,
+
+I 30 Together with all his reign and his
+' mighty deeds, and the times that passed over
+- him, and over Israel, and over all the king-
+jdoms of the (various) countries.
+
+
+THE SECOND BOOK OF CHRONICLES,
+
+
+'3 D'yn nm "lao-
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+
+1 *\\ And Solomon tlie son of David
+sti'engthened himself in his kingdom, and
+the Lord his God was with him, and caused
+him to become exceedingly great.
+
+2 Then said Solomon unto all Israel, to
+the captains of the thousands and of the hun-
+dreds, and to the judges, and to every prince
+in all Israel, the chiefs of the family divi-
+sions (that they should go with him).
+
+3 Thereupon went Solomon, and all the
+
+
+assembly with him. to the high-jDlace that
+was at Gib'on ; for there was the talx'rnacle
+of the congregation of God, which Moses the
+servant of the Lord had made in the wilder-
+ness.
+
+4 Nevertheless the ark of God had David
+brought up from Kiryath-ye'arim to (the place
+which) David had prepared for it; for he had
+pitched a tent for it at Jerusalem.
+
+5 But the copper altar, which Bezalel the
+
+
+' Heb. '• placed the liuud uuder kini:; Solomon,"
+
+973
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES I. II.
+
+
+son of Uri, the son of Chur, had made, he
+placed before the tabernacle of the Lord:
+and Solomon and the assembly sought for it.
+
+6 And Solomon sacrificed there on the
+copper altar before the Lord, which was at
+the tabernacle of the congregation, and offer-
+ed upon it a thousand burnt-offerings.
+
+7 ^ In that night did God appear unto
+Solomon, and said unto him, Ask what I
+shall give thee.
+
+8 And Solomon said unto God, Thou hast
+shown unto David my father great kindness,
+and hast made me king in his stead.
+
+9 Now, 0 Lord God, let thy word unto
+David my father be verified; for thou hast
+made me king over a people as numerous as
+the dust of the earth.
+
+10 Give me now wisdom and knowledge,
+that I may go out and come in before this
+people; for who could (otherwise) judge this
+thy great people?
+
+11 ^ And God said unto Solomon, Where-
+as this hath been in thy heart, and thou hast
+not asked riches, wealth, or honour, nor the
+life of thy enemies, and hast not even asked
+long life ; but hast asked for thyself wisdom
+and knowledge, that thou mayest judge my
+people, over whom I have made thee king:
+
+12 (Therefore) are the wisdom and the
+knowledge granted unto thee; and riches,
+and wealth, and honour, will I give thee,
+such as no kings that have been before thee
+have had, and the like of which after thee
+none shall have.
+
+13 Then came Solomon from the high-
+place that was at Gib'on to Jerusalem, from
+before the tabernacle of the congregation, and
+reigned over Israel.
+
+14 ][ And Solomon brought together cha-
+riots and horsemen; and he had a thousand
+and four hundred chariots, and twelve thou-
+sand horsemen, and he placed them in the
+chariot^cities, and with the king at Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+15 And the king rendered the silver and
+gold at Jerusalem like stones, and cedar-trees
+he rendered as the sycamore-trees that are in
+(he lowlands for abundance.
+
+16 And Solomon had his horses brought
+(nit of Egypt; a company of the king's mer-
+chants bought a quantity at a price.
+
+
+'The English version commences here chapter ii.
+974
+
+
+17 And they brought up, and fetched out
+of Egypt a chariot for six hundred shekels of
+silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty :
+and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and
+for the kings of Syria, did they bring them
+out by their means.
+
+18" And Solomon ordered to build a house
+for the name of the Lord, and a house for his
+royal residence.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+1 And Solomon numbered seventy thou-
+sand men to bear burdens, and eighty thou-
+sand stonecutters in the mountain, and as
+superintendents over them three thousand
+and six hundred.
+
+2 ^ And Solomon sent to Churam the
+king of Tyre, saying. As thou hast dealt with
+David my father, and didst send him cedars
+to build him a house to dwell therein, (even
+so deal with me).*"
+
+3 Behold, I am building a house to the
+name of the Lord my God, to sanctify it to
+him, to burn before him incense of spices^
+and for the continual rows of show-ljread, and
+for the burnt-oflferings at morning and even-
+ing, on the sabbaths, and on the new-moons,
+and on the stated festivals of the Lord our
+God: this being for ever obligatory on Is-
+rael.
+
+4 And the house which I am building is
+great; for greater is our God than all the
+gods.
+
+5 But who possesseth the power to build
+him a house? for the heavens and the hea-
+vens of heavens cannot contain him: and
+who am I then, that I should build him a
+house, save only to burn incense before him?
+
+6 And now send me a skilful man to work
+in gold, and in silver, and in copper, and in
+iron, and in pui'ple, and crimson, and blue,
+and that understandeth how to engrave with
+the skilful men that are with me in Judah
+and in Jerusalem, whom David my father
+hath provided.
+
+7 Send me also cedar-trees, fir-trees, and
+sandal-wood, from the Labanon; for I know
+well that thy servants have the skill to cut
+the trees of Lebanon : and, behold, my ser-
+vants shall be with thy servants,
+
+8 Even to prejjare I'ov me timljer in abun-
+
+^ These words are not in the tcjft.
+
+
+'1 CHRONICLES TI. TTT.
+
+
+dance; for the house wliieli T am building is
+to be wonderfull}' great.
+
+9 And. behold, for the hewers that cut
+the timber -will I give unto thy servants
+twenty thousand coi's of threshed wheat, and
+twenty thousand cors of barley, and twenty
+thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand
+baths of oil.
+
+10 ^ Then answered Churam the king of
+Tyi'e in writing, and he sent it to Solomon.
+Out of the love of the Lord for his people
+hath he set tliee as king over them.
+
+11 And Churam said. Blessed be the Lord
+the God of Israel, that hath made the heavens
+and the earth, who hath given to king David
+a wise son, endowed with intelligence and un-
+derstanding, who is to build a house unto the
+Lord, and a house for a royal residence.
+
+1:2 x'\ud now have I sent a skilful man,
+endowed with understanding, namely, Chu-
+ram-Abi,
+
+13 The son of a woman from the daughters
+of Dan, while his father was a man of Tyre,
+skilful to woi'k in gold, and in silver, in cop-
+per, in iron, in stone, and in wood, in purple,
+in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson;
+also to execute any manner of engraving, and
+to devise every kind of woiiv of art which
+may be given to him, together with thy skil-
+ful men, and skilful men of my lord David
+thy father.
+
+14 And now the wheat, and the barley,
+the oil, and the wine, of which my lord hath
+spoken, let him send unto his servants :
+
+15 And we will truly cut down trees out
+of the Lebanon, as much as thou mayest
+need; and we will bring them to thee in
+floats by sea to Joppa; and thou shalt carry
+them up to Jerusalem.
+
+16 T] And Solomon numbered all the
+strange men that were in the land of Israel,
+after the numbering wherewith David his
+father had numbered them; and they were
+found to be one hundred and fifty thousand
+and three thousand and six hundred.
+
+17 And he made of them seventy thou-
+sand bearers of burdens, and eighty thousand
+stonecutters in the mountain, and three thou-
+sand and six hundred superintendents to set
+the people to work.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+1 ^ And Solomon began to build the house
+
+
+of the Lord in Jerusalem on mount Moriah,
+where He had appeared unto David his father,
+on the place that David had prepared in the
+threshing-floor of Oman the Jebusite.
+
+2 And he began to build cm the sec(md
+day of the second month, in the fourth year
+of his reign.
+
+3 Now in this manner was the foundation
+laid of the house of God (at its) building (by)
+Solomon :" The length by cubits after the
+first measure'' wa-s sixty cubits, and the
+breadth twenty cubits.
+
+4 And the porch that was in the front of
+the length was accordina' to the breadth of
+the house, twenty cul)its, and the height was
+a hundred and twenty: and he overlaid it
+within with pure gold.
+
+5 And tlie great house he ceiled with lir-
+wood, which he overlaid with pure gold, and
+he wrought thereon palm-trees and chains.
+
+6 And he overlaid the house with costly
+stones for ornament: and the gold was gold
+of Parvayim.
+
+7 And he covered the house, the beams,
+the sills, and its walls, and its doors, w^ith
+gold : and he engraved cherubim on the walls.
+
+8 ^ And he made the most holy house,
+its length being in front of the breadth of the
+house, twenty cubits, and its breadth twenty
+cubits: and he covered it with fine gold,
+(amounting) to six hundred talents.
+
+9 And the weight of the nails (amounted)
+to fifty shekels of gold. And the upper
+chambers he covered wnth gold.
+
+10 TI And he made in the most holy house
+two cherubim of sculpture work, and they
+overlaid them with gold.
+
+11 And regarding the wings of the cheru-
+bim their length was twenty cubits; the wing
+of the one amounting to five cubits, reaching
+to the wall of the house; and the other wing
+of five cubits, reaching to the wing of the
+other cherub.
+
+12 And the wing of the other cherub was
+five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house ;
+and the other wing of five cubits was joined
+closely to the wing of the other cherub.
+
+13 The wings of these cherubim (as they
+
+
+• Zunz. Redak, "And these are the measurements by
+which Solomon was counselled to build tlie house of
+God."
+
+' ;', €, The measure in use amons ancient Israel.
+
+■ ' 975
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES 111. IV.
+
+
+were) spread out were tvveutj cubits: and
+they were standing on their leet, and their
+faces were inward.
+
+14 Tl And he made the vail of blue, and
+purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and
+wrought thereon cherubim.
+
+15 •[ And he made before the house two
+pillars of thirty and five cubits in length, and
+the capital that was on the top of each of
+them was five cubits.
+
+16 ^ And he made chains in the debir;
+and (others which)" he placed on the top of
+the pillars; and he made a hundred pome-
+granates, and placed them on the chains.
+
+17 And he set up the pillars in front of
+the temple, one on the right hand, and the
+other on the left; and he called the name of
+that on the right hand Jachin, and the name
+of that on the left Bo'az.
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+1 He made also an altar of copper, twenty
+cubits being its length, and twenty cubits its
+breadth, and ten cubits its height.
+
+2 ^ He made also the molten sea, being ten
+cubits from the one brim to the other, round-
+ed all about, and it was five cubits in lieight :
+and a line of thirty cubits did encompass it
+round about.
+
+3 And likenesses of oxen*" were under it,
+encompassing it all round about, ten in a
+cubit, encircling the sea round about: the
+oxen were in two rows (and were) cast (with
+it), when it was cast.
+
+4 It was standing upon twelve oxen, three
+looking toward the north, and three looking
+toward the west, and three looking toward
+the south, and three looking toward the east;
+and the sea was resting above upon them,
+and all their hinder parts were inward.
+
+5 And its thickness was a hand's breadth,
+and its brim like the brim of a cup, with lily-
+buds; and it could hold and contain three"
+thousand baths.
+
+6 ^ He made also ten lavers; and he
+1 (laced five on the right hand, and five on
+t he left, to wash in them : what belonged to
+the burnt-offering they rinsed oflT at'' them;
+but the sea was for the priests to wash in.
+
+* These words are supplied according to Redak.
+'' In 1 Kings vii. '24, we read, "colocjnths," perl]a|)s
+that "\p3 Bakiir is another name for the same.
+
+' In 1 Kings vii. '2G, there is iiicDlioued 2000; perhaps
+»76
+
+
+7 ^ And he made ten candlesticks of gold
+according to their prescribed manner; and he
+placed (them) in the temple, five on the right
+side, and five on the left.
+
+8 ^ He made also ten tables, and he set
+them in the temple, five on the right side,
+and five on the left. And he made a hun-
+dred bowls of gold.
+
+9 ^ And he made the court of the priests,
+and the great out-court, and doors for the
+out-court, and their doors he overlaid \\ith
+copper.
+
+10 And the sea he placed on the right
+side toward the east, opposite to the south.
+
+11 ^ And Churam made the pots, and the
+shovels, and the basins. And Churam made
+an end of doing the work which he made for
+king Solomon in the house of God :
+
+12 The two pillars, and the bowls, and ■
+the capitals on the top of the two pillars, and
+the two networks to cover the two bowl-
+shaped capitals which were on the top of the
+j)illars ;
+
+13 And the four hundred pomegranates for
+the two networks, two rows of pomegranates
+for each network, to cover the two bowl-
+shaped capitals which were upon the front of
+the pillars.
+
+14 The bases also did he make, and the
+lavers made he upon the bases.
+
+15 The one sea, and the twelve oxen
+under it,
+
+16 And the pots also, and the shovels,
+and the forks, and all their instruments, did
+Churam-Abiv make for king Solomon for the
+house of the Lord, of polished copper.
+
+17 In the plain of the Jordan did the king
+cast them, in the clay-ground between Suc-
+coth and Zeredathah."
+
+18 ^ And Solomon made all these vessels
+in very great abLuidance ; for the weight of
+the copper was not inquired into.
+
+19 And Solomon made all the vessels that
+pertained to the huu.se of God ; and the jiltar
+of gold also, and the tables whereon the show-
+bread (was set) ;
+
+20 And the candlesticks with tlicir lamps,
+to light them after the prescribed manner be-
+fore the debir, of pure gold.
+
+in the Babylonian measure, usual afler the exile, three
+baths were only equal to lico in ancient IsraiO.
+
+'' Knshi. Others, "in them."
+
+" In 1 Kings vii. 40, "Zarethan."
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES IV. V. VI.
+
+
+21 And the floAvers, and the hinips, and
+the tongs, were of gold, the purest of gold ;
+
+22 And the knives, and the basins, and
+the spoons, and the censers were of pure gold ;
+and the entrance of the house, its inner doors
+for the most holy place, and the doors oi' the
+house of the temple, were of gold.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+1 T[ And so was ended all the work which
+Solomon made for the house of the Lord; and
+Solomon brought in the things sanctified by
+David his fixther; and the silver, and the
+gold, and all the vessels, he placed in the
+treasuries of the house of God.
+
+2 Then did Solomon assemble the elders
+of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the
+princes of the divisions of the children of
+Israel, unto Jerusalem, to bring up the ark
+of the covenant of the Lord out of the city of
+David, which is Zion.
+
+3 And all the men of Israel assembled
+themselves unto the king at the feast which
+is (in) the seventh month.
+
+4 And all the elders of Israel came, and
+the Levites took up the ark.
+
+5 And they brought up the ark, and the
+tabernacle of the congregation, and all the
+holy vessels that were in the tabernacle : these
+did the priests and the Levites bring up.
+
+6 And king Solomon, and all the congre-
+gation of Israel that were assembled unto
+him were before the ark, sacrificing sheep
+and oxen, which could not be numbered nor
+told for multitude.
+
+7 And the priests brought in the ark of
+the covenant of the Lord unto its place, into
+the debir of the house, into the most holy
+place, under the wings of the cherubim.
+
+8 And the cherubim spread forth their
+wings over the j^l^ce of the ark, and the
+cherubim covered the ark and its staves from
+above.
+
+9 And they had made the staves so long
+that the ends of the staves were seen (stand-
+ing out) from the ark in the front of the
+debir; but they were not seen without; and
+they have remained there until this day.
+
+10 There was nothing in the ark save the
+two tables which Moses had placed (therein)
+at Horeb, where the Lord made a covenant
+with the children of Israel, when they came
+out of Egypt.
+
+6 X
+
+
+11 ][ And it came to pass, when the priests
+were come out of the holy place ; for all the
+priests that were present had sanctified them-
+selves, the divisions not having been observ-
+ed;—
+
+12 And the Levites the singers, all toge-
+ther, of Assaph, of Ileman, of Jeduthun, with
+their sons and their brethren, arrayed in
+white linen, having cymbals and psalteries
+and harps, stood at the east side of the altar,
+and with them were one hundred and twenty
+priests blowing on trumpets; —
+
+13 And it came thus to pass, as the trum-
+peters and singers were as one, to make one
+sound to be heard in praising and thanking
+the Lord; and when they lifted up their
+voice (accompanied) with trumpets and cym-
+bals and instruments of music, and in praising
+the Lord, For he is good ; because unto ever-
+lasting endureth his kindness: that the house,
+even the house of the Lord, was filled with
+a cloud;
+
+14 And the priests were not able to stand
+to minister because of the cloud; for the
+gloi'y of the Lord had filled the house of
+God.
+
+CHAPTER VL
+
+1 ^[ Then said Solomon, The Lord said
+that he would dwell in the thick darkness.
+
+2 And I have indeed built a dwelling-
+house for thee, and have settled a place for
+thy abode for ever."
+
+3 And the king turned his face, and bless-
+ed the whole congregation of Israel, and all
+the congregation of Israel was standing.
+
+4 And he said, Blessed be the Lord, the
+God of Israel, who spoke with his mouth
+unto David my father, and hath with his
+hands fulfilled it, when he said,
+
+5 Since the day that I brought forth my
+people out of the land of Egypt, I did not
+make choice of any city out of all the tribes
+of Israel to build a house, that my name
+might be therein ; nor did I make choice of
+any man to be a ruler over my people Israel ;
+
+6 But I have made choice of Jerusalem,
+that my name might be there; and I have
+made choice of David to be over my people
+Israel.
+
+7 And it was in the heart of David my
+
+father to build a house for the luinie of the
+
+Lord the God of Israel.
+
+977
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES VI.
+
+
+8 But the Lord said unto David my father,
+Whereas it was in thy heart to build a house
+unto my name, thou didst well in that it was
+in thy heart:
+
+9 IS^evertheless thou shalt nut thyself build
+the house; but thy son that shall come forth
+out of thy loins, he shall build the house unto
+m>' name.
+
+10 And the Lord hath fulfilled his word
+that he hath spoken; and I am risen up in
+the stead of David my lather, and I sit on
+the throne of Israel, as the Lord hath spoken,
+and I have built the house unto the name of
+the Lord the God of Israel.
+
+11 And I have placed there the ark,
+wherein is the covenant of the Lord which
+he hath made with the children of Israel.
+
+12 And he now placed himself before the
+altar of the Lord in the presence of all the
+congregation of Israel, and spread forth his
+hands ;
+
+13 For Solomon had made a laver of cop-
+per, and had placed it in the midst of the
+out-court, five cubits being its length, five
+cubits its breadth, and three cubits its height;
+and he placed himself upon it, and kneeled
+down upon his knees in the presence of all
+the congregation of Israel, and spread forth
+his hands toward heaven ;
+
+14 And he said, 0 Lord God of Israel,
+there is no god like thee in the heavens, or
+on the earth, thou who keepest the covenant,
+and the kindness for thy servants that walk
+before thee with all their heart;
+
+15 Who hast kept for thy servant David
+my father that which thou hadst promised
+iiiia; and thou spokest with thy mouth, and
+xiast fulfilled it with thy hand, as it is this
+day.
+
+16 And now, 0 Lord, God of Israel,
+keep for thy servant David my father that
+which thou hast spoken concerning him, say-
+ing. There shall never fail thee a, man in my
+sight who sitteth on the throne of Israel; if
+thy children but take heed to their way to
+walk in my law, as thou hast walked before
+me.
+
+17 And now, O Lord, the God of Israel,
+let thy word be verified, which thou hast
+spoken unto thy servant, unto David.
+
+18 For, in truth, will God then dwell with
+men on the earth? behold, the heavens and
+the heavens of heavens cannot contain thee:
+
+978
+
+
+hoAv much less then this house that I have
+built !
+
+19 Yet wilt thou turn thy regard unto the
+prayer of thy servant, and to his supplication.
+
+0 Lord my God, to listen unto the entreaty
+and the prayer which thy servant prayeth
+before thee:
+
+20 That thy eyes may be open toward this
+house day and night, toward the place of
+which thou hast said that thou wouldst put
+thy name there ; that thou mayest listen unto
+the prayer which thy servant will pray at
+this place.
+
+21 And listen thou to the supplications of
+thy servant, and of thy people Israel, which
+they will i)ray at this place: and oh, do thou
+hear from thy dwelling-place, from heaven;
+and hear, and forgive.
+
+22 If any man trespass against his neigh-
+bour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause
+him to swear, and the oath come before thy
+altar in this house :
+
+23 Then do thou hear from heaven, and
+act, and judge th}' servants, by requiting the
+wicked, to bring his way upon his own head;
+and by justifying the righteous, to give him
+according to his righteousness.
+
+24 *i\ And if thy people Israel be struck
+down before the enemy, because they have
+sinned against thee, and they return and con-
+fess thy name, and pray, and make supplica-
+tion before thee in this house :
+
+25 Then do thou hear from heaven, and
+forgive the sin of th}' people Israel, and cause
+them to return unto the land which thou hast
+given to them and to their fathers.
+
+26 ^1 When the heavens be shut up, and
+there be no rain, Ijecause they have sinned
+against thee, and they pray toward this place,
+and confess thy name, and turn from their
+sin, because thou hast afflicted them:
+
+27 Then do thou hear in heaven, and
+forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy
+people Israel; for thou wilt direct them unto
+the good way, wherein they should walk; and
+give then rain upon thy land, which thou
+hast given unto thy people for an inheritance.
+
+28 ^1 If there be fiunine in the land, if
+thei-e be pestilence, blasting, or mildew, if
+there be locusts, or caterpillars; if their
+enemies besiege them in their land, in their
+
+' gates; at whatsoever plague, and at whut-
+
+1 soever sickness j
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES VI. VII.
+
+
+29 What prayer and what supplication
+eoever be made by any man, or by all th}'
+people Israel, when they shall be conscious
+every man of his plague and his pain, and
+he then spread forth his hands toward this
+house :
+
+30 Then do thou hear from heaven the
+place of thy dwelling, and forgive, and give
+to every man in accordance with all his ways,
+as thou mayest know his heart; for thou,
+thyself alone, knowest the heart of the chil-
+dren of men ;
+
+31 In order that they may fear thee, to
+walk in thy ways, all the days that they live
+on the face of the land which thou hast given
+unto our fathers.
+
+32 ^ But also to the stranger, who is not
+of thy people Israel, but cometh out of a far-
+off country for the sake of thy great name,
+and of thy mighty hand, and of thy out^
+stretched arm, — if they come and pray in this
+house, —
+
+33 Mayest thou likewise listen from hea-
+ven, from the place of thy dwelling, and do
+according to all that the stranger will call
+on thee for: in order that all people of the
+earth may know thy name, both to fear thee,
+as do th}^ people Israel, and to understand
+that this house, which I have built, is called
+by thy name.
+
+34 ^ If thy people go out to battle against
+their enemies on the way on which thou
+mayest send them, and they do pray unto
+thee in the direction of this city which thou
+hast chosen, and of the house that I have
+built unto thy name:
+
+35 Then hear thou from heaven their
+prayer and their supplication, and procure
+them justice.
+
+36 If they sin against thee, — for there is
+no man that may not sin, — and thou be angry
+with them, and give them up before the ene-
+my, so that their captors carry them away
+captive unto a land far off or near;
+
+37 And if they then take it to their heart
+in the land whither they have been carried
+captive, and repent and make supplication
+unto thee in the land of their captivity, say-
+iiig, We have sinned, we have committed ini-
+quity, and have acted wickedly ;
+
+38 And they return unto thee with all
+their heart and with all their soul in the
+land of their captivity, whither they have
+
+
+been carried captive, and they pray in the
+direction of their land, which thou hast given
+unto their lathers, and of the city which thou
+hast chosen, and toward the house which I
+have built unto thy name :
+
+39 Then hear thou from heaven, from the
+place of thy dwelling, tlieir prayer and their
+supplications, and procure them justice, and
+forgive thy people for what the_\- have sinned
+against thee.
+
+40 Now, my God, let I beseech thee, thy
+eyes be open, and thy ears be attentive unto
+the prayer on this place.
+
+41 And now arise, 0 Lord God, unto
+thy resting-place, thou, and the ark of th\^
+strength: let thy priests, 0 Lord God, clothe
+themselves with salvation, and let thy pious
+servants rejoice in happiness.
+
+42 0 Lord God, turn not away the face of
+thy anointed : remember the pious deeds of
+David thy servant.
+
+CHAPTER Vn.
+
+1 ^ And when Solomon had made ai; end
+of praying, a fire came down from he.wen,
+and consumed the burnt-offering and tlie
+sacrifices; and the glory of the Lord fi.led
+the house.
+
+2 And the priests were not able to enter
+into the house of the Lord ; because the glory
+of the Lord had filled the Lord's house.
+
+3 And all the children of Israel were look-
+ing on as the fire came down, and the glory
+of the Lord (was resting) upon the house ; and
+they kneeled down with their faces to the
+ground upon the pavement, and prostrated
+themselves, and gave thanks unto the Lord,
+for he is good; because unto everlasting en-
+dureth his kindness.
+
+4 And the king and all the people offered
+sacrifices before the Lord.
+
+5 And king Solomon offered a sacrifice of
+twenty and two thousand oxen, and a hun-
+dred and twenty thousand sheep: and so
+they dedicated the house of God, the king
+and all the people.
+
+6 And the priests were standing on their
+stations, and the Levites with the instruments
+of the music of the Lord, which king David
+had made to give thanks unto the Lord,
+because unto everlasting endureth his kind-
+ness, with the song of praise of David in
+their han'I- md the priests blew the truiu-
+
+y79
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES VII. VIII.
+
+
+pets opposite to them, and all Israel were
+Btandmg.
+
+7 ^ And Solomon hallowed the interior
+of the court that was before the house of the
+Lord; for he prepared there the burnt-offer-
+ings, and the fat of the peace-offerings; be-
+cause the copper altar which Solomon had
+made was not able to contain the burnt-offer-
+ings, and the meat-offerings, and the fat.
+
+8 And Solomon held the feast at that time
+seven days, and all Israel with him, a very
+great assembly, from the entrance of Chamath
+unto the river of Egypt.
+
+9 And they held on the eighth day a
+solemn assembly; for the dedication of the
+altar they held seven days, and the feast
+seven days.
+
+10 Tl And on the three-and-twentieth day
+of the seventh month he dismissed the people
+unto their tents, joyful and glad of heart be-
+cause of the good that the Lokd had done for
+David, and for Solomon, and for Israel his
+people.
+
+11 Thus did Solomon con^lete the house
+of the Lord, and the king's house; and (in)
+all that came into Solomon's heart to make
+in the house of the Lord, and in his own
+house, he prospered.
+
+12 ^f Then appeared the Lord to Solomon
+during the night, and said unto him, I have
+heard thy prayer, and I have made choice of
+this place for myself as a house of sacrifice.
+
+13 If I shut up the heavens that there be
+no rain, or if I give a charge to the locusts
+to devour off the land, or if I send a pesti-
+lence among my people;
+
+14 And if my people, over whom my name
+is called, do then humble themselves, and
+pray, and seek my presence, and turn away
+from their evil ways: then will I also hear
+from heaven, and I will forgive their sin, and
+will heal their land.
+
+15 Now, my eyes shall be open, and my
+ears attentive unto the prayer on this place.
+
+16 And now I have chosen and hallowed
+this house, that my name may be there for
+ever; and my eyes and my heart shall be
+there at all times.
+
+17 And as for thee, if thou wilt walk be-
+fore me, as David thy father hath walked,
+so as to do in accordance with all that I
+have commanded thee, and wilt keep my
+statutes and my ordinances :
+
+980
+
+
+18 Then will I establish the throne of thy
+kingdom, just as I have covenanted with
+David thy father, saying. There shall nev>ir
+fail thee a man to be ruler in Israel.
+
+19 But if ye will indeed turn away, and
+forsake ni}' statutes and my conmiandments,
+which I have set before 30U, and will go and
+serve other gods, and bow down to them :
+
+20 Then will I pluck them up out of my
+land which I have given unto them; and this
+house, which I have hallowed for my name,
+will I cast away from my sight, and I will
+render it to be for a proverb and for a by-word
+among all the people.
+
+21 And this house, which hath been so
+exalted, shall become an astonishment to
+every one that passeth by it: so that he will
+say. Why hath the Lord done thus unto this
+land, and unto this house?
+
+22 And men shall then say. For the
+cause that they forsook the Lord the God of
+their fathers, who had brought them forth
+out of the land of Egypt, and they took
+hold of other gods, and bowed down to
+them, and served them : therefore hath he
+brought upon them all this evil.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass at the end of
+twenty years, when Solomon had built the
+house of the Lord and his own house,
+
+2 That (as regardeth) the cities which
+Churam had restored to Solomon, Solomon
+built them, and caused the children of Israel
+to dwell there.
+
+3 And Solomon went to Chamath-zobah,
+and prevailed against it.
+
+4 And he built Thadmor in the wilder-
+ness, and aJl the treasure-cities, which he
+built in Chamath.
+
+5 And he built the upper Beth-choron, and
+the lower Beth-choron, fortified cities^ witli
+walls, gates, and bars;
+
+6 And Ba'alath, and all the trea^nre-citie.s
+that Solomon had, and all the cities for clia
+riots, and the cities for horsemen, and all the
+(other) desire of Solomon which he desii'ed
+to build in Jerusalem, and in the Lebanon,
+and throughout all the land of his dominion.
+
+7 All the people that were left of the Hit-
+tites, and the Emorites, and the Perizzites,
+and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were
+not of Israel,
+
+
+'2 CHRONICLES VIII. IX.
+
+
+S Out of their childroii, who were left after
+them in the land, whom the children of Israel
+had not destroyed — these did Solomon levy
+lis tributary (labourers) until this day.
+
+9 Yet of the children of Israel did Solo-
+mon make no bondmen for his work; but
+tliey were men of war, and chiefs of his cap-
+tains, and officers of his chariots and of his
+horsemen.
+
+10 And these were the chiefs of the super-
+intendents whom king Solomon had, (even)
+two hundred and fifty, who ruled over the
+people.
+
+11 And the daughter of Pharaoh did Solo-
+mon bring up o'.:l of the city of David unto
+the house that he had built for her; for he
+said, No wife of mine shall dwell in a house
+of David the king of Israel, because they are
+holy, because there came (once) jnto them
+tlifc 3.rk g!" the Lord.
+
+12 ^ Then did Solomon offer burnt-offer-
+ings unto the Lord on the altar of the Lord,
+which he had built before the porch,
+
+13 Even according to what was the due of
+(every) day on its day, offering according to
+the commandment of Moses, on the sabbaths,
+and on the new-moons, and on the stated
+festivals, three times in the year, on the feast
+of unleavened bread, and on the feast of
+weeks, and on the feast of tabernacles.
+
+14 And he stationed, according to the pre-
+scription of David his father, the divisions of
+the priests at their service, and the Levites
+at their stations, to praise and minister next
+to the priests, in the requirement of every
+day on its day, and the gatekeepers in their
+divisions at every gate; for so was the charge
+of David the man of God.
+
+15 And they departed not from the charge
+of the king concerning the priests and Le-
+vites resptjcting every matter, and respecting
+the treasuries.
+
+16 And (so) was all the work of Solomon
+successful from* the day of founding the
+house of the Lord, even until it was finished.
+(So) was perfected the house of the Lord.
+
+17 ^ Then went Solomon to 'Ezyon-geber,
+and to Eloth, at the searshore in the land of
+Edom.
+
+18 And Churam sent him by means of his
+
+* Kashi. Zunz, "from the day of founding — till he
+had quite fompleted the house of the LoRD " i
+
+
+servants ships, and servants that had know-
+ledge of the sea; and they went with tl'.e ser-
+vants of Solomon to Opliir, and they fetched
+away thence four luuub'ed and fifty talents of
+gold, and brought the same to king Solomon.
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+1 ^ And when the queen of Sheba heard
+of the fame of Solomon, she came to j)rove
+Solomon with riddles at Jerusalem, witli a
+very great train, and with camels bearing
+spices, and gold in abundance, and precious
+stones: and when she was come to Solomon,
+she spoke with him of all that was on her
+heart.
+
+2 And Solomon solved for her all her ques-
+tions: and there was nothing hidden from
+Solomon which he did not tell her.
+
+3 And when the queen of Sheba saw the
+wisdom of Solomon, and the house that he
+had built,
+
+4 And the food of his table, and the sitting
+of his servants, and the attendance of his
+ministers, and their apparel, and his cup-
+bearers, and their apparel; and his ascent
+by which he went up into the house of the
+Lord: there was no more spirit in her.
+
+5 And she said to the king, The truth
+(only) was the word that I heard in my own
+land of thy acts, and of thy wisdom.
+
+G And 1 believed not in their words, until
+I came, and my eyes saw (all); and, behold,
+the one-half of the greatness of thy wisdum
+hath not been told me : thou excellest the re-
+port which I have heard.
+
+7 Happ3' are thy men, and happy are
+these thy servants, who stand before thee
+continually, and hear thy wisdom.
+
+8 Blessed be the Lord thy God, who hath
+had delight in tliee to place thee on lii.s
+throne, as a king for the Lord thy God ; be-
+cause thy Goc^ loved Israel, to sustain them
+for ever, therefore hath he placed rhee om r
+them as knij;. to exercise justice and righte-
+ousness'?.
+
+9 And she gave to the king one hundixd
+and twenty talents of gold, and spices in
+very great abundance, and precious stones;
+and there never were any such spif;es as
+those which the queen of Sheba gave to king
+Solomon.
+
+10 And also the servants of Churam. :uid
+
+the .servants of Solomon, who brought gold
+
+'.)hi
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES IX. X.
+
+
+from Gphir, brought sandal-tiees and precious
+stones.
+
+11 And the king made of the .sandal-trees
+steps* for the house of the LoKD, and for the
+king's palace, and harps and psalteries for!
+singers : and there were never seen the like
+of them before in the land of Judah.
+
+12 And king Solomon gave unto the queen |
+of Sheba all her pleasure, whatsoever she
+asked, beside (a return for) that which she
+had brought unto the king. And she turned
+about and went away to her own country,
+she and her servants.
+
+13 ^ Now the weight of gold that came to
+Solomon in one year was six hundred and
+sixty and six talents of gold ;
+
+14 Besides what the travelling tradesmen
+and the merchants brought. And all the |
+kings of Arabia and the governors of the
+country brought gold and silver to Solo-
+mon.
+
+15 And king Solomon made two hundred
+targets of beaten gold: six hundred shekels
+of beaten gold he used for each one target.
+
+16 And (he made) three hundred shields
+of beaten gold; three hundred shekels of gold
+he u.sed for each one shield. And the kuig
+put them in the house of the forest of Leba-
+non.
+
+17 The king also made a great throne of
+ivory, ?iid overlaid it with pure gold.
+
+18 And the throne had six steps, with a
+f'.'otstool of gold, fastened into the throne;!
+anl there were arms on either side, on the
+place of the ?ieat; and two lions stood beside!
+the arms;
+
+19 And twfilve lions stood there upon the
+six steps on both sides: there waa not the
+like made in any kingdom.
+
+'^0 And all king Solomon's drinking ves-
+sels were of gold, and all the vessels of the
+house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure
+gold: no silver was valued in the days of
+Solomon at the least.
+
+21 For the king's ships went to Tharshish
+with the servants of (Jhurani : once in three
+years did the Tharsliish-ships u.se to come j
+home laden with gold, and silver, ivory, and
+apes, and |jeacocks.
+
+22 And king Solomon became greater than
+
+
+' lu 1 Kings X. 12, we read "a railing," wlionce it is
+probable that it means here the .same on the .stairs.
+982
+
+
+all the kings of the earth for riches and wit»-
+dom.
+
+23 And all the kings of the earth sought
+the presence of Solomon, to hear his wi.sdom
+which God liad put in his heart.
+
+24 And they brought every man his pre-
+sent, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, aud
+gai'ments, armour, and spices, horses, and
+mules; (and) so year by year.
+
+25 Tl And Solomon had four thousa;;i
+stalls for horses and chariots, and twelve
+thousand horsemen, whom he quartered in
+the cities for chariots, and near the king at
+Jerusalem.
+
+20 And he was ruling over all the king«
+from the river even unto the land of the
+Philistines, and as far as the boundaty of
+Egypt.
+
+•27 And the king rendered silver in Jeru-
+salem like stones, and the cedar-trees he ren-
+dered like the sycamore-trees that are in the
+lowlands, for abundance.
+
+28 And men were bringing out horses for
+Solomon from Egypt, and from all lands.
+
+29 And the remainder of the acts of Solo-
+mon, the first and the last, behold, they are
+written in the history of Nathan the prophet,
+and in the prophecy of Achiyah the Shilonite,
+and in the visions of Ye'do the seer concern-
+ing Jerobo'am the son of Nebat.
+
+30 And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem
+over all Israel forty years.
+
+31 And Solomon slept with his fathers,
+and they buried him in the city of David his
+father: and Rehobo'am his .son became king
+in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+1 ^[ And Rehobo'am went to Shechem;
+for to Shechem were all Israel come to make
+him king.
+
+2 And it came to pass, when Jerobo'am
+the son of Nebat heard of it, for he was in
+E^
+
+of
+
+of Egypt.
+
+3 And they sent and called him: and so
+came Jerobo'am with all Israel and spoke to
+Rehobo'am, saying,
+
+4 Thy father made our yoke hard; but
+now do thou make lighter the hard service
+of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he
+put upon us, and we will serve thee.
+
+
+tiie son 01 rseoat nearu oi u, lor ue was m
+Egypt, whither he had tied from the presence
+of king Solomon, that Jerobo'am returned out
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES X. XI.
+
+
+5 And he said unto them. After but three
+days, then return unto me
+went avv.iy.
+
+6 Then consulted king Rehobo'am with
+the old men that had stood before Solomon
+his father while he yet lived, saying. How do
+yon advise that I should return an answer to
+this people?
+
+
+7 And they spoke unto him, saying. If
+
+
+thou wilt be kind to this people, and please
+them, and speak to them good words: then
+will they be servants unto thee for all times.
+
+8 But he forsook the counsel which the
+plu men had given him, and consulted with
+the young men that were grown up with
+him, and who stood before him.
+
+9 And he said unto them, How do you
+counsel how we should give an answer to
+this people, who have spoken to me, saying,
+
+
+ed the king, aayir,^". What portion have we
+And the people in David? nor have we an inheritance in the
+son of Jess6: every man to your tents, 0 Is-
+rael; now, sec to thy own house, David. So
+did all Israel go to their tents.
+
+17 But as for the children of Israel who
+dwelt in the cities of Jndah, over them did
+Eehob(./um reign.
+
+18 ^[ Then sent king Rehobo'am Hadoram
+who was over tlie tril)ute; but the children
+of Israel stoned him with stones, that he
+died. Therefore king Rehobo'am made speed
+with his might to get upon his chariot, to tiee
+to Jerusalem.
+
+19 ^ So did Israel rebel against the house
+of David unto this day.
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+1 And when Rehobo'am was come to Jeru-
+
+
+Make lighter the yoke which thy fother did I salem, he assembled the house of Judah and
+
+
+put upon us?
+
+10 Then spoke with him the young men
+that Avere gi'own up Avith him, saying, Thus
+must thou say unto the people that have
+spoken unto tliee, saying. Thy father made
+our yoke heavy, but do thou make it lighter
+unto us: thus must thou say unto them, My
+little finger is thicker than my father's loins.
+
+
+Benjamin a hundred and eighty thousand
+chosen men, warriors, to figlit against Israel,
+
+; to bring back the kingdom again to Reho-
+
+I bo'am.
+
+2 ^ But the word of the Lord catne unto
+Shema'yahu the man of God, saying,
+
+3 Say unto Rehobo'am the son of Solomon,
+the king of Judah, and unto all Isrnel in
+
+
+11 And now (if) my father hath burdened t, Judah and Benjamin, sayin
+you witli a heavy yoke, I will add to youril 4 Thus hath said the Lord, Ye shall not
+yoke: (if) my father hath chastised you with j| go up, nor fight with your brethren: return
+whips, then will I (do it) with .scorpion-
+thorns.
+
+r.-' When now Jerobo'am and all the peo-
+j-le came to Rehobo'am on the third day, as
+the king had spoken, saying. Return to me
+on the third day :
+
+13 The king answered them harshly; and
+king Rehobo'am forsook the counsel of the
+old men ;
+
+14 And he spoke to them after the counsel
+of the young men, saying. My father made
+your yoke heavy, and I will add thereto; my
+father chastised 3'ou with whips, but I will
+(do it) with scorpion-thorns.
+
+15 And the king hearkened not unto the
+l)eople; for it was so brought about from
+God, in order that the Lord might fulfil his
+word, which he had spoken by means of
+Achiyahu the Shilonite unto Jerobo'am the
+son of Nebat.
+
+16 So when all Israel saw that the king
+hearkened not unto them, the people answer-
+
+
+every man to his house; for fi'om me hath
+this thing been brought about. And they
+hearkened to the words of the Lord, and re-
+turned from c:oino; against Jerobo'am.
+
+5 T[ And Rehobo'am dwelt in JerusalfiT.^
+and built cities as fortresses in Judnh.
+
+6 He built, namely, Beth-lechem, and
+'Etam, and Thekoii',
+
+7 And Beth-zur, and Socho, and 'Adullam,
+
+8 And Gatli, and Mareshah, and Ziph,
+
+9 And Adorayim and Lachish, and Azc-
+kah,
+
+10 And Zor'ah, and Ayalon, and Hebron,
+which are in Judah and in Benjamin, foi'tilitd
+cities.
+
+11 And he strengthened the strong-holds,
+and put commandei's in them, and stores of
+food, and oil and wine;
+
+12 And in each and every city (he placed)
+shields and spears, and made them exceed-
+ingly strong: and thus remained with him
+
+Judah and Benjamin.
+
+988
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XI. XII.
+
+
+13 ^ And the priests and the Levites that
+were in all Israel presented themselves to
+him out of all their territory.
+
+14 For the Levites left their open districts
+and their possession, and Avent to Judah and
+Jerusalem; because Jerobo'am and his sons
+cast them off from executing the priest's office
+unto the Lord,
+
+15 And (because) he ordained for himself
+priests for the high-places, and for the evil
+spirits, and for the calves which he had
+made.
+
+16 And after them (came) out of all the
+tribes of Israel such as directed their heart to
+seek the Lord the God of Israel: these came
+to Jerusalem, to sacrifice unto the Lord, the
+God of their fiithers.
+
+17 And they strengthened the kingdom of
+Judah, and brought power to Rehobo'am, the
+son of Solomon, during three years; for they
+walked in the way of David and Solomon
+during three years.
+
+18 ^ And Rehobo'am took himself as wife
+Machalath the daughter of Jerimoth the son
+of David, (and) AJjichayil the daughter of
+Eliilb the son of Jesse;
+
+19 And she bore to him sons: Je'ush, and
+Shamaryah, and Zaham.
+
+20 And after her did he take Ma'achah the
+daughter of Abshalom; and she bore to him
+Abiyah, and 'Attai, and Ziza, and Shelomith.
+
+21 And Rehobo'am loved Ma'achah the
+daughter of Abshalom more than all his
+wives and his concubines; for he had taken
+eighteen wives and sixty concubines; and
+he begat twenty and eight sons, and sixty
+daughters.
+
+22 And Rehobo'am appointed Aljiyah the
+son of Ma'achah to be the chief, to be ruler
+among his brethren; because (he desired) to
+make him king.
+
+23 And he dealt understandingly, and dis-
+persed all his children throughout all the
+countries of Judah nnd Benjamin, unto all
+the fortified cities ; and he gave them food in
+abundance and he recjuired (for them) a
+multitude of wives.
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+1 And it came to ])i)ss. when Rehobo'am
+had established the kingdom, and when he
+had become strong, that he forsook the law
+of the Lord, and all Israel with him
+
+081
+
+
+2 ^ And it came to pass in the fifth year
+of king Rehobo'am, that Shishak the king of
+Egypt came up against Jerusalem. — because
+they had acted faithlessly against tlie Lord, —
+
+3 With twelve hundred chariots and sixty
+thousand horsemen : and innumerable were
+the people that came with him out of Egypt
+— the Lubim, the Sukkiyim, and the Ethi-
+opians.
+
+4 And he captured the fortified cities
+which pertained to Judah, and he came as far
+as Jerusalem.
+
+5 *\\ And Shem'ayah the prophet came to
+Rehobo'am, and the princes of Judah, that
+were gatliered together to Jerusalem because
+of Shishak, and said unto them. Thus hath
+said the Lord, Ye have indeed forsaken me,
+and therefore have I also relinquished you
+into the hand of Shishak.
+
+G Thereupon the princes of Israel and
+the king humbled themselves; and they said,
+The Lord is righteous.
+
+7 And when the Lord saw that they had
+humbled themselves, then came the word of
+the Lord to Shem'ayah, saying, " They have
+humbled themselves: I will not destroy
+them ; but I will permit some little to escape
+from them; and my wrath shall not be poured
+out over Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak."
+
+8 However they shall be servants unto
+him, and they shall know my service, and
+the service of the kingdoms of the (various)
+countries.
+
+9 Tl And so came up Shishak the king of
+Egjpt against Jerusalem, and he took away
+the treasures of the house of the Lord, and
+the treasures of the king's house : every thing
+did he take away; and he took away the
+shields of gold which Solomon had made.
+
+10 And king Rehobo'am made in their
+stead shields of copper, and committed them
+for keeping into the hand of the chiefs of the
+runners, who kept guard at the door of the
+king's house.
+
+11 And it happened whenever the king
+went into the house of the Lord, tliat the
+runners came and bore them, and carried
+them back into the apartment of the runners.
+
+12 And when he had humbled himself, the
+wrath of tlie Lord turned from him, so that
+he destroyed him not to make an end (of
+him) : and also in .Tudah were some good
+things (found).
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XII. XIII.
+
+13 Ti And king ReholKKim strengthened :' titude; and with you are golden calves, which
+
+
+himself in Jerusalem, and reigned; for Reho-
+bo'am was one and forty years old when he
+became king, and seventeen years did he
+reign in Jerusalem, the city which the Lord
+had chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, to
+put his name there. And his mother's name
+was Na'auuih the 'Amnion itess.
+
+14 And he did the evil ; because he di-
+rected not his heart to seek the Lord.
+
+15 ^[ And the acts of Rehobo'am, tlie first
+and the last, behold, they are written in the
+history of Shem'ayah the prophet, and of
+'Iddo the seer concerning the genealogies.
+And the wars of Rehobo'am and Jerobo'am
+(lasted) all the days.
+
+16 And Rehobo'am slept with his fatliers,
+and was buried in the city of David: and
+Abiyah his son became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+1 ]| In the eighteenth year of king Jero-
+bo'am became Abiyah king over Judah.
+
+2 Three years he reigned in Jerusalem:
+and his mother's name was Michayahu the
+daughter of Uriel of Gib'ah. And there was
+war between Abijali and Jerobo'am.
+
+o And Abijah joined the battle with an
+army of valiant men of war, even of four
+hundred thousand chosen men: Jerobo'am
+also set the battle in array against him with
+eisrht hundred thousand chosen men, Ijeing
+mighty men of ^'alour.
+
+4 ^j And Abigail stood up above mount
+Zemarayim, Avhich is in the mountain of
+Ephraim, and said, Hear me, 0 Jei'obo'am,
+and all Israel;
+
+5 Ought ye not to know that the Lord the
+God of Israel hath given the kingdom over
+Israel to David for eternity, }ea, to him and
+to his .sons by a covenant of salt?
+
+6 But there rose up Jerobo'am the son
+of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of
+David, and rebelled against his lord.
+
+7 T[ And there were gathered unto him idle
+men, worthless persons, and put themselves
+in violent resistance against Rehobo'am the
+son of Solomon: while Rehobo'am was young
+and tender hearted, and could not sustain
+himself before them.
+
+
+Jeroljo'am hath made for you as gods.
+
+9 Have ye not cast out the priests of the
+Lord, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites,
+and have made yourselves priests like the
+people of the (various) lands? so that who-
+soever Cometh to consecrate himself with a
+young bullock and seven rams can become
+a priest to things that are no gods?
+
+10 But as for us, the Lord is our God, and
+we have not forsaken him ; and the priests,
+who minister unto tlie Lord, are the sons of
+Aaron; and the Levites are at their (appoint-
+ed) work;
+
+11 And they bum unto the Lord burnt-
+offerings every morning and every e\'ening
+and incense of sweet spices; and the rows of
+the show-bread (do they place) upon the
+pure table; and there is the candlestick of
+gold with its lamps, to light the same every
+evening; for we keep the charge of the Lord
+our God, while ye ha^•e truly forsaken him.
+
+12 And, behold, with us at our head is
+the (true) God, with his priests with trum-
+pets for blowing the alarm, to sound an alarm
+against you. 0 children of Israel, do not
+fiiiht amiinst the Lord the God of your
+fathers ; ibr ye will not prosper.
+
+13 But Jerobo'am caused an ambush to
+come around behind them: so they them-
+selves were before Judah, and the ambush
+was behind them.
+
+14 And when Judah turned round, behold,
+they had the battle before and behind: and
+they cried unto the Lord, and the priests
+blew with the trumpets.
+
+15 And then gave the men of Judah a
+shout: and it came to pass, as the men of
+Judah shouted, that God struck down Jero-
+Ijo'am and all Israel before Abiyah and Ju-
+dah.
+
+16 And the children of Israel fled from
+before Judah, and God gave them up into
+their hand.
+
+17 And Aljiyah and his people smote them
+with a great defeat, and there fell down slain
+of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men.
+
+18 Thus were the children of Israel hum-
+bled at that time : and tlic children of Judah
+became powerful, because they relied upon
+
+
+8 And now ye think to sustain yourselves ; the Lord the God of their fathers,
+before the kingdom of the Lord iii the hand J 19 And Abiyah made pursuit after Jero-
+of tlie sons of David; and ye are a great mul- Ibo'am, and captured cities from him. Bethel
+
+
+a V
+
+
+985
+
+
+2 OllRONlCLKS XIII. XIV. XV.
+
+
+with its villages, and Jeshanah with its vil-
+lages, and "Ephrayin with its villages.
+
+20 And Jeroh(j'ani did iK^t recover strength
+again in-the days of Abiyahii: and the Lord
+struck him, and he died.
+
+21 ^ But Abiyahu became strong, and he
+took himself fourteen wives, and begat twenty
+and two sons, and sixteen dauuhters.
+
+22 And the rest of the acts of Abiyah, and
+his ways, and his speeches, are written in the
+writing of the prophet 'Iddo.
+
+23" And Abiyah slept with his fathers,
+and they buried him in the city of David:
+and Assa his son became king in his stead.
+In his days the land had repose ten years.
+
+(JFIAPTER XIV.
+
+1 ^ And Assa did what is good and right
+in the eyes of the Lord his God.
+
+2 And he removed the .altars of the strange
+(gods), and the high-places, and l)roke up tlie
+statues, and cut down the groves ;
+
+3 And he ordered Judah to seek the Lord
+the God of their fathei-s, and to execute the
+law and the coinmandment.
+
+4 Also he removed out of all the cities of
+Judah the high-places and the sun-images:
+and the kingdom had repose before him.
+
+5 And he built fortified cities in Judah;
+for the land had repose, and no one had war
+with him in those years; because the Lord
+had given him rest.
+
+6 Therefore he said unto Judah, Let us
+Iniilil these cities, and surround them with
+walls, and towers, gates, and bars: the land
+is yet before us; because we have sought the
+Lord our God, — we have sought him, and
+he hath given us rest on every side." So they
+built and prospered.
+
+7 T[ And Assa had an army that Itore tar-
+gets and spears, out of Judah three hundred
+tliousand; and out of Benjamin, that bore
+shields and drew the bow, two hundred and
+eighty thousand: all these were mighty men
+of valour.
+
+S And there came out against them Zerach
+the Ktliiopiaii with an army of a thousand
+times thousand, and three hundred chariots;
+and lu! came as far as Mareshah.
+
+9 Then went Assa out against him, and
+
+
+The English version commeuces here chapter xiv.
+'JHfi
+
+
+they set themselves in battle-array in the
+valley of Zephathah near Mareshah.
+
+10 And Assa called unto the Lord his
+God, and said, Lord, nothing can hinder tlieo
+to help, whether it be the mighty, or those
+that have no power: help us, 0 Lord our
+God; for on thee do we rely, and in thy name
+are we come against this multitude. 0 Lord,
+thou art our God ! no mortal can place a re-
+straint against thee.
+
+11 Tf Thereupon did the Lord strike down
+the Ethiopians before Assa, and before Ju-
+dah : and the Ethiopians fled.
+
+12 And Assa and the people that were with
+him pursued them as far as Gerar: and there
+fell of the Ethiopians (so many), that they
+could not recover themselves; for they were
+broken down before the Lord, and before his
+camp; and they carried away exceedingly
+much booty.
+
+13 And they smote all the cities I'ound
+about Gerar; foi' the dread of the Lord was
+upon them : and they plundered all the cities;
+for abundant spoil was in them.
+
+14 And also the tents of (the owners of)
+cattle did they smite, and they carried away
+sheep in abundance, and camels, and returned
+to Jerusalem.
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+1 And as for 'Azaryahu the son of Oded
+— on him came the spirit of God;
+
+2 And he went out to meet Ass.a, and said
+unto him. Hear me, 0 Assa, and all Judah
+and Benjamin, The Lord is with you, wliile
+ye renuiin with him; and if ye seek him, he
+will let himself be found by you; but if ye
+forsake him, he will forsake you.
+
+3 ^ And many days (had elapsed) for
+Israel, (they being) without the true God,
+and without a teacliing priest, and without
+law.
+
+4 But they returned Avhen they were in
+distress unto the Lord, the God of Israel, and
+they sought him, and he let himself be found
+by them.
+
+5 And in those times there was no peace
+to him that went out, and to him that came
+in; l)ut there were great confusions among all
+the inhabitants of the countries.
+
+(5 And nation was dashed to pieces against
+nation, and city against city; for God ilid
+confcMind them with all kind of distress.
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XV. XVI.
+
+
+7 But as for 3011, be ye strong, and let not
+vour hands be weak; for there is a reward
+for your doing.
+
+8 ^ And wlien Assa heard these words,
+and the prophecy of 'Oded the prophet, he
+was strengthened, and he put away the
+abominable idols out of all the land of Judah
+and Benjamin, and out of the cities Avhich he
+liad captured from tlie mountain of Ephraim;
+and he renewed the altar of the Lord, that
+was before the porch of the Lord.
+
+9 And he assembled all Judah and Benja-
+min, and those that sojourned with them out
+of Ephraim and Menasseh, and out of Simeon;
+for the}' had joined him out of Israel in abun-
+dance, when they saw that the Lord his God
+was with him.
+
+10 ^ And so they assembled themselves
+at Jerusalem in the third month, in the
+fifteenth year of the reign of Assa.
+
+11 And they sacrificed unto the Lord on
+the same day, of the booty which they had
+brought, seven bundled oxen and seven thou-
+sand sheep.
+
+12 And tliey entered into the covenant to
+seek the Lord the God of their fathers with
+all their heart and v/itli all their soul ;
+
+13 So that whosoever would not seek the
+Lord the God of Israel should be put to
+death, from the small even up to the great,
+whether it be man or woman.
+
+14 And the}- swore unto the Lord with a
+loud Miirc and with (joyful) shouting, and
+witli trumpets, and with cornets.
+
+15 And all Judali rejoiced because of the
+oath; for with all their heart had they sworn,
+and with their whole desire did they seek
+him. and he let himself be found by them:
+and the Lord gave them rest on every side.
+
+16 And also concerning Ma'achah the
+mother of king Assa, he removed her from
+being queen, because she had made a scan-
+dalous image for the gi'ove; and Assa cut
+down her scandalous image, and had it
+ground up, and burnt it by the brook Ki-
+dron.
+
+17 But the high-places were not removed
+out of Israel: nevertheless the heart of Assa
+was entii'e all his days.
+
+18 And he brought the things which his
+father had sanctified, and his own sanctified
+things, into the house of God, — silver, and
+gold, and vessels.
+
+
+19 And there tvas no war until the five-
+and-thirtieth year of the reign of A.ssa.
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+1 ^ In the six-and-thirtieth year of the
+reign of Assa, came up Ba'sha the king of Is-
+rael against Judah, and built Ramah, in order
+not to suffer any one to go out or come in to
+Assa the king of Judah.
+
+2 Then did Assa bring out silver and gold
+out of the treasuries of the house of the Lord
+and of the king's house, and sent (them) to
+Ben-hadad tlie king of Syria, who dwelt at
+Damascus, saying,
+
+3 A covenant is between me and thee, as
+between my father and thy father: behold, I
+have sent unto thee silver and gold; go, break
+thy covenant with Ba'sha the king of Israel,
+that he may withdraw from me.
+
+4 And I3en-hadad hearkened unto king
+Assa, and sent the captains of the armies
+that he had against the cities of Israel, and
+they smote 'lyon, and Dan, and Abel-may im,
+and all the treasure-cities of Naphtali.
+
+•5 And it came to pass, when Ba'sha heard
+this, that he left off the building of Ramah,
+and stopped his work.
+
+6 Ti And king Assa took then all Judah;
+and the}' caiiied away the stones of Ramah,
+and its timber, wherewith Ba'sha had built;
+and he built tlierewith Geba' and Mizpah.
+
+7 ]| And at that time came Chanani the
+seer to Assa the king of Judah, and said unto
+him. Because thou hast relied on the king of
+Syria, and hast not relied on the Lord thy
+God: therefore is the army of the king of
+Syria escaped out of thy hands.
+
+8 Were not the Ethiopians and the Lubim
+a numerous army, with chariots and horse-
+men in great abundance? yet, because thou
+didst rely on the Lord, he gave them up mto
+thy hand.
+
+9 For as regardeth the Lord, his eyes roam
+throughout the whole earth, to hold strongly
+with those whose heart is entire toward
+him : thou hast done foolishly for this reason ;
+because from this time forth there will be
+wars with thee.
+
+10 Then became Assa incensed toward tiie
+seer, and put him in a prison-house; for he
+was in a rage with him because of this. And
+Assa oppressed some of the people at the
+same time.
+
+987
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XVI. XVII. XVIII.
+
+
+11 And, behold, the acts of Assa, the first
+and the last, lo, they are written m the book
+of the kings of Jiidah and Israel.
+
+12 ^ And Assa became sick in the thirty-
+and-ninth year of his reign in his feet, his
+disease being exceedingly severe : yet even in
+his disease he sought not to the Lord, but
+(applied) to the physicians.
+
+13 And Assa slept with his fathers, and
+died in the one-and-fortieth year of his reign.
+
+14 And they buried him in his own sepul-
+chres, which he had dug for himself in the
+city of David, and they laid him in the couch
+which was filled with sweet odours and
+divers kinds of spices mixed by the apothe-
+cary's art; and they made for him a burning
+uncommonly great.
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+1 ]| And Jehoshapliat his son became
+king in his stead, and strengthened himself
+against Israel.
+
+2 And he placed forces in all the fortified
+cities of Judah. and placed garrisons in the
+land of Judah, and in the cities of Ephraim,
+which Assa his father had captured.
+
+3 And the Lord was with Jehosliaphat;
+because he walked in the first ways of David
+his father, and sought not after the Be'alim;
+
+4 On the contrary, after the God of his
+father did he seek, and iii his commandments
+did he walk, but not after the doings of Israel.
+
+5 Therefore did the Lord establish the
+kingdom in his hand; and all Judah gave
+presents to Jehoshaphat ; and he had riches
+and honour in abundance.
+
+6 And his heart raised itself up in the
+ways of the Lord, and he removed moreover
+the high-places and groves out of Judah.
+
+7 T[ And in the third year of his reign he
+sent his princes, even Bon-chayil. and 'Oba-
+diah, and Zechariah, and Nethanel, and Mi-
+chayahu, to teach in the cities of Judah.
+
+8 And with them were the Levites, Shema'-
+yahu, and Nethanyaliu, and Zebadyahu, and
+'Assahel, and Shemiramoth. and Jehonathan,
+and Adoniyahu, and T()])iyahu, and Tob-
+adoniyah, the Levites; and with them Eli-
+shama' and Jehoram, the priests.
+
+9 And they tauglit in Judali, and with
+tliem was the book of the law of the Lord,
+and they moved about through all the cities
+of Judah, and tauglit tlie people.
+
+i»S8
+
+
+10 And the dread of the Lord was upon
+all the kingdoms of the lands that were round
+about Judah, so that they made no war witli
+Jehoshaphat.
+
+11 Also from the Philistines did people
+bring unto Jehoshapat presents and silver,
+as tribute: also the Arabians brought him
+small cattle, rams seven thousand and seven
+hundred, and he-goats seven thousand and
+seven hundred.
+
+12 ][ And Jehoshaphat went on becoming
+exceedingly great, and he built in Judah
+castles and treasure-cities.
+
+13 And he had great works in the cities
+of Judah, and men of war, mighty in valour,
+in Jerusalem.
+
+14 ^ And these are their numbers accord-
+ing to their tamily divisions: Of Judah, of
+the captains of the thousands was 'Adnali the
+chief, anil with him were mighty men of
+
+j valour, three hundred thousand.
+r 15 Tl And next to him was Jehochanan
+i the chief, and with him were two hundred
+and eighty thousand.
+
+16 And next to him was 'Amassyah the
+i son of Zicln-i, who voluntarily offered himself
+
+unto the Lord; and with him were two hun-
+dred thousand mighty men of valour.
+
+17 And of Benjamin, the mighty valiant
+Elyada', and with him were those armed with
+bow and sliield two hundred thousand.
+
+18 And next him was Jehozabad, and with
+him were one hundred and eighty thousand
+ready armed for the host.
+
+19 Tl These were those that ministered l-o the
+king, besides those wliom the king had placed
+in the fortified cities throughout all Judah.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+1 ]f And Jehoshaphat had riches and
+honour in abundinice, and he intermarried
+with Achab.
+
+2 And he went down after (some) years
+to Achab to Samaria. And Achab killed for
+him sheep and oxen in abundance, and for
+the people that were with him, and persuad-
+ed him to go up to Ramoth-gil'ad.
+
+3 Then said Achab the king of Israel unto
+; Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, Wilt thou go
+
+with me against Eamoth-gil'ad? And he
+said to him, I (will be) like thee, and my
+people (shall be) as thy people; and we will
+be with thee in tlie 1 Kittle.
+
+
+2 rilRONlCLES XVIIT.
+
+
+4 And Jeliosliapliat said unto the king of
+Israel, Inquire, I pray thee, to-day (first) of
+the word of the Lord.
+
+5 Then (hd the king of Israel assemble tlie
+prophets, four hundred men, and said unto
+them. Shall we go to Ramoth-gil'ad to battle,
+or shall I forbear? And they said, Co up, .and
+God will deliver (it) into the hand of tlie king.
+
+6 And Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here
+a prophet of the Eternal Ijesides, that we
+might inquire of him?
+
+7 And the king of Israel said unto Jeho-
+shaphat, There is yet one man, by whom we
+may inquire of the Lord; but I hate him;
+for he never prophesieth any good concerning
+me, but at all times evil: it is Michayhu the
+son of Yimla. And Jehoshaphat said, Let
+not the king say so.
+
+8 Then called the king of Israel a certain
+court-officer, and said, •' Hasten hither Mi-
+chayhu the son of Yinda."
+
+9 And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat
+the king of Judah were sitting each on his
+throne, dressed in their ro^yal garments, and
+they were sitting in a threshing-floor at the
+entrance of the gate of Samaria: and all the
+prophets prophesied l^efore them.
+
+10 And Zedekiah the son of Kena'anah
+had made himself horns of iron ; and he said,
+Thus hath said the Lord, With these shalt
+thou push the Syrians until thou have niade
+an end of them.
+
+11 And all the prophets prophesied so,
+saying. Go up against Ramoth-gil'ad, and pros-
+per, and the Lord will deliver it into the
+king's hand.
+
+12 And the messenger that went to call
+Michayhu spoke to him, saying. Behold, the
+words of the prophets are with one voice good
+for the king: so do let thy word, I pray thee,
+be like (that of) any one of them, and speak
+something good.
+
+13 And Michayhu said, As the Lord liveth, (
+truly what my God may say, that will I speak. I
+
+14 And when he was come to the king,
+the king said unto him, Michah, shall we go
+to Ramoth-girad to battle, or shall I forbear? j
+And he said. Go ye up, and prosper, and may
+they be delivered into your hand.
+
+15 And the king said to him. How many
+times yet must I adjure thee that thou shalt
+not speak to me any thing but the truth in
+the name of the Lord?
+
+
+16 Then said he, I saw all Israel scattered
+over the mountains, as Hocks that have not a
+shepherd: and the Lord said, These have no
+master; let them return ever}^ man to his
+house in peace.
+
+17 And the king of Israel said to Jehosha-
+phat, Did I not say unto thee that he would
+not prophesy concerning me any good, but
+(only) for evil?
+
+18 T[ And he said. Therefore hear ye the
+word of the Lord: I saw the Lord sitting on
+his throne, and all the host of heaven stand-
+ing on his right and his left.
+
+19 And the Lord said. Who will persuade
+Achab the king of Israel, that he may go up
+and fall at Ramoth-girad? And one said —
+one saying after this maimer, and another
+saying after that manner.
+
+20 Then came there forth a spirit, and
+placed himself before the Lord, and said, I
+will persuade him. And the Lord said unto
+him. Wherewith?
+
+21 And he said, I will go forth, and I will
+become a lying spirit in the mouth of all his
+prophets. And he said. Thou wilt persuade
+him, and also prevail: go forth, and do so.
+
+22 And now, behold, the Lord hath put a
+lying spirit in the mouth of these thy pro-
+phets; but the Lord hath spoken evil con-
+cerning thee.
+
+23 And Zedekiali the son of Kena'anah
+went near, and struck Michayhu on the
+cheek, and said. Which is the way the Spirit
+of the Lord passed away from me to spealc
+with thee?
+
+24 And Michayhu said. Behold, thou slialt
+see it on that day when thou shalt go into
+the innermost chamber to hide thyself
+
+25 And the king of Israel said. Take ye
+Michayhu, and carry him back unto Anion
+the governor of the city, and to Jolish the
+king's son ;
+
+26 And say ye, Thus hath said the king.
+Put this man in the prison, and feed him
+with sparing bread and with sparing water,
+until I return in peace.
+
+27 And Michayhu said, If thou return at
+all in peace, then hath the Lord not spoken
+through me. And he said. Hear it, 0 all ye
+nations !
+
+28 ^ And the king of Israel went up with
+Jehoshaphat the king of Judah to Ramoin-
+gil'ad.
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XVIII. XIX. XX.
+
+
+29 And the king of Israel said unto Jeho-
+shaphat, I will disguise myself, and enter into
+the battle ; but do thou put on thy rojal gar-
+ments. And the king of Israel disguised him-
+self, and they went into the battle.
+
+30 And the king of Syria had commanded
+the captains of the chariots that he had,
+saying. Fight ye not with the small or with
+the great, save only with the king of Israel
+alone.
+
+31 And it came to pass, when the captains
+of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that the^-
+said, This is the king of Israel. And they
+encompassed him to fight; and Jehoshaphat
+cried out, and the Lokd helped him; and
+God induced them to go a^ay Irom him.
+
+32 And it came to pass, when the caji-
+tains of the chariots perceived that it was
+not the king of Israel, that they turned back
+from following him.
+
+33 But a certain man drew his bow at a
+venture, and struck the king of Israel between
+the joints and the armour : wherefore he said
+to the chariot-driver, Tin-n aljout, and carry
+ne out of the camp ; for I am wounded.
+
+34 And the battle increased on that day:
+and the king of Israel stayed (himself) up in
+the chariot against the Syrians until the even-
+ing, and he died at the time of the sun's go-
+ing down.
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+1 11 And Jehoshaphat the king of Judah
+returned to his house in peace, to Jerusalem.
+
+2 And there came out to meet him Jehu
+the son of Chanani the seer, and said to king
+Jehoshaphat, Shouldst thou help the wicked,
+and love those that hate the Lord? and be-
+cause of this there is Avrath over thee from
+Ijefore the Lord.
+
+3 Nevertheless there are good things found
+on thee; because thou hast removed the
+Asheroth out of the land, and hast directed
+thy heart firinly to seek God.
+
+4 Tl And Jelioshaphat remained at Jerusa-
+lem; but he went out again through the peo-
+ple from Beer-sheba' as far as the mountain
+of Ephraim, and caused them to return unto
+the Lord the God of their fathers.
+
+5 And" he appointed judges in the land in
+aU the fortified cities of Judah, in city by
+city.
+
+6 And he said to the judges, Look (well)
+
+990
+
+
+at what ye are doing; because not for man
+are ye to judge, but for the Lord, who is with
+you in pronouncing judgment.
+
+7 And now let the dread of the Lord be
+upon you: take heed and act; for with the
+Lord our God there is no injustice, nor re-
+spect for persons, nor taking of bribes.
+
+8 But also in Jerusalem did Jehoshaphat
+appoint some of the Levites, and the priests,
+and of the chiefs of the family divisions of Is-
+rael, for the (giving of) the judgment of the
+Lord, and for controversies, when they re-
+turned to Jerusalem.
+
+9 And he charged on them, saying, Thus
+shall ye do in the fear of the Lord, in faith-
+fulness, and with an undivided heart.
+
+10 And whatsoever controversy may come
+to you from 3 our brethren that dwell in their
+cities, between blood and blood, between law
+and commandment, statutes and ordinances,
+ye shall truly warn them that they incur
+not guilt against the Lord, and so there come
+wrath over you, and over your brethren : so
+must ye do, and ye will not incur guilt.
+
+11 And, behold, Amar\aliu the chief priest
+is over you for every matter of the Lord; and
+Zebadyahu the son of Yishma'el, the ruler for
+the house of Judah, for every matter of the
+king; and the Levites are officers before you.
+Be strong and act, and may the Lord be with
+the good.
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+1 ^ And it came to pass after this, that
+the children of Moilb, and the children of
+'Amnion, and with them some of the 'Am-
+monim,* came against Jehoshaphat to batr
+tie.
+
+2 And there came some and told unto
+Jehoshapliat, saying. There is coming against
+thee a great multitude from beyond the sea,
+from Syria; and, behold, they are in Chaza-
+zon-thamar, which is 'En-gedi.
+
+3 Tlien became Jehoshaphat afraid, and he
+directed his face to seek the Lord; and he
+proclaimed a fast over all Judah.
+
+4 And (the people of) Judah gathered
+themselves together, to ask (help) of the
+Lord : also out of all the cities of Judah did
+they come to seek the Lord.
+
+
+' Some suppose this to mean " the Me'uuiiu," Iho in-
+habitants nf Arabia Petraea.
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XX.
+
+
+5 And Jc'lioKhapliat stood forward in the
+assembl}' of Judah and Jerusalem, in the
+house of the Lord, before tlie new court,
+
+6 And he said, 0 Lord, the God of our
+fathers, behold, thou art God in the heavens,
+and thou rulest over all the kingdoms of the
+nations; and in thy hand are the power and
+might, aaid there is none that can withstand
+thee.
+
+7 Behold, it is thou, 0 our God, who hast
+driven out the inhabitants of this land from
+before th y people Israel ; and thou gavest it to
+the seed of Abraham thy friend to eternity.
+
+8 And they have dwelt therein, and have
+built I'or thee therein a sanctuary for thy
+name, saying,
+
+9 If there should come over us any evil,
+the sword, punishment, or pestilence, or
+famine, (tlien) will we stand before this
+house, and in thy presenile, for th}- name is
+in this house, and we will cry unto thee out
+of our .distress, and thou wilt hear and
+help.
+
+10 And now, behold, the children of 'Am-
+nion and Moab and mount Se'ir, against whom
+thou wouldst not sutler Israel to come, when
+they came out of the land of Egypt, but they
+turned aside from them, and desti\)>ed them
+not : —
+
+11 And behold, they recompense us, by j
+comina' to drive us out of thv inheritance, '
+which thou hast given us to possess.
+
+12 0 our God, wilt thou not execute
+justice on themV lor there is no power in us
+against this great multitude that is coming
+against us; and we indeed know not what
+we are to do; but upon thee are our eyes
+(directed).
+
+13 And all Judah were standing before
+the Lord, also their little ones, their wives,
+and their sons.
+
+14 ^1 And upon Jacbaziel the son of Ze-
+charyahu, the son of Benayah, the son of
+Je'iel, the son of Matthanyah, the Levite, of
+the sons of Assaph, came the spirit of the
+Lord in the midst of the assembly ;
+
+15 And he said, Listen ye, all Judah, and
+ye inhabitants of Jerusalem, and thou king
+Jehoshaphat, Thus hath said the Lord unto
+you. Be 3'e not afraid and be not dismayed
+because of this great multitude ; for not unto
+you belongeth the battle, but unto God.
+
+16 To-morrow go ye down against them:
+
+
+behold, they come up by the ascent of ZIz;
+and ye will find them at the end of the val-
+ley, in front of the wilderness of Jeruel.
+
+17 Ye shall not. need to fight in this ])lace:
+stand firndy, stand still, and see the salvation
+of the Lord with you, 0 Judah and Jerusa-
+lem: fear not, and be not dismayed; to-mor-
+row go out to meet them, and the Lord will
+be with you.
+
+18 And Jehosha[)liat bowed his head with
+his face to the ground : and all Judah and the
+inhabitants of Jerusalem I'ell down before the
+Lord, to prostrate themselves unto the Lord.
+
+19 And then arose the Levites, of the chil-
+dren of the Kehathites, and of the cliildren
+of the Korcliites, to praise the Lord the G(xl
+of Israel with a very loud voice.
+
+20 Arid the}- I'ose up early in the morning,
+and went Ibrth into the wilderness of Thekoli':
+and as they went forth, Jehoshaphat stood
+forward and said. Hear me, 0 Judah, and } e
+inhabitants of Jerusalem; believe in the
+Lord }oui' God, and ye will have perma-
+nence; believe his jtrophets, and ye will
+prosper.
+
+21 And he consulted with his people, and
+he appointed singers inito the Lord, and those
+that should praise in the holy ornaments, as
+the}- went out before the armed array, and
+
+I said, Give thanks unto the Lord; for unto
+everlasting endureth his kindness.
+j 22 And at the time when they began with
+j the song and the praise, the Lord set an ara-
+I bush against the cliildren of 'Amnion, Moab,
+[ and mount Se'ir, who were come against
+: Judah, and they were smitten.
+I 23 And the children of 'Amnion and Moab
+stood up against the inhabitants of mount
+Se'ir, utterly to annihilate and to destroy
+them ; and when the}' had made an end of
+the inhabitants of Se'ir, they helped to de-
+stroy one another.
+
+24 And when Judah came toward the
+watchtower in the wilderness, they looked
+toward the multitude, and, behold, they were
+dead bodies ftxUen to the earth, and none had
+escaped.
+
+25 And then came Jehoshaphat and his
+people to plunder their booty*, and they
+found among them in abundance both riches
+and dead bodies, and costly vessels, which
+they stript ofl' for themselves, more than
+they could carry away : and they were three
+
+991
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XX. XXI.
+
+
+days in plundering the booty, for it was so
+much.
+
+26 And on the fourth day they assembled
+themselves in the valley of Berachali; for
+there they blessed the Lord: therefore did
+they call the name of this place, The valley
+of Berachah [Blessing], until this day.
+
+27 Then returned all the men of Judah
+and Jerusalem, and Jehoshaphat at their
+head, to return to Jerusalem with joy; for
+the Lord had caused them to rejoice over
+their enemies.
+
+28 And they came to Jerusalem with psal-
+teries and with harps and with trumpets unto
+the house of the Lord.
+
+29 And a dread from God was on all the
+kingdoms of (those) countries, when the}'
+heard that the Lord had fought with the
+enemies of Israel.
+
+30 So the kingdom of Jehoshaphat had
+repose, and he God gave him rest all round
+about.
+
+31 ^ And (so) did Jehoshaphat reign over
+Judah: thirty and five years old was he
+when he became king, and twenty and five
+years did he reign in Jerusalem. And his
+mother's name was 'Azubah the daughter of
+Shilchi.
+
+32 And he walked in tlie way of his father
+Assa, and turned not aside from it, doing
+what is right in the eyes of the Lord.
+
+33 Nevertheless the high-places were not
+removed; for the people liad not yet directed
+their heart firmly unto the God of their
+fathers.
+
+34 And the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat,
+the first and the last, behold, they are written
+in the history of Jehu the son of Chanani,
+which was entered in the book of the kings
+of Israel.
+
+35 And after this did Jehoshaphat the
+king of Judah connect liimself with Achaz-
+yah the king of Israel, the same who acted
+very Avickedly ;
+
+36 And he connected liimself with him to
+make ships to go to Tharshish: and they
+made ships in 'Ezyon-geber.
+
+37 Then prophesied Eli'ezer the son of
+Dodavahu of Mareshah against Jehosliaphat,
+saying, Becau.se tliou hast connected thyself
+with A(;hazyahu, the Lord hath broken down
+thy works. And the sliips were Avrecked, so
+that thev were not able to go to Tharshish.
+
+992
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+1 And Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers,
+and was buried with his t;ithers in the city
+of David. And Jehoram his son became king
+in his stead.
+
+2 And he had brothers the sons of Jeho-
+shaphat: 'Azaryah, and Jechiel, and Zechar-
+yahu, and 'Azaryahu, and Michael, and She-
+phatyahu, all these being sons of Jehoshaphat
+the king of Israel.
+
+3 And their father gave them many gifts
+(consisting) of silver, and of gold, and of pre-
+cious things, with fortified cities in Judah;
+but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram; be-
+cause he was the first-born.
+
+4 ^ Now when Jehoram was risen up over
+the kingdom of his fiither, and had strength-
+ened himself, he slew all his brothers with
+the sword, and also some of the princes of
+Israel.
+
+5 Thirty and two years v/as Jehoram old
+when he ijecame king, and eight years did he
+reign in Jerusalem.
+
+6 And he walked in the way of the kings
+of Israel, as had done the house of Achab;
+for the daughter of Achab had he for wife :
+and he did what is evil in the eyes of the
+Lord.
+
+7 Yet would the Lord not destroy the
+house of David, on account of the covenant
+which he h.ad made Avith David, and as he
+had said to give to him a government and to
+his sons at all times.
+
+8 In his days Edom revolted from under
+the power of Judah, and they appointed a
+king over themselves.
+
+9 Then did Jehoram go over with his
+princes, and all the chariots were with him;
+and he rose up by iiight, and smote the
+Edomites who compassed him about, and the
+captains of the chariots.
+
+10 Yet Edom revolted from under the
+power of Judah even until this day: thi'u
+did Libnah revolt at the same time from
+under his power; because he had forsaken
+the Lord the God of his fathers.
+
+11 He also made high-places in the moun-
+tains of Judah, and caused the inhal)itants of
+Jerusalem to go astray," and misled Judah.
+
+12 ^ And there came unto him a writing
+
+
+" To commit, idolatry and the eousequcut immoralities
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXT. XXTT.
+
+
+from Elijah" the prophet, s^ajiiig, Thus hntli
+said the Lord the God of David thy father,
+Inasmuch as thou hast not walked in tlie
+ways of Jehoshaphat thy father, and in tlie
+ways of Assa the king of Judah,
+
+13 But hast walked in the way of the
+kings of Israel, and hast caused Judah and
+the inhabitiuits of Jerusalem to tio astray, as
+the house of Achab hath caused (others) to
+go astray, and hast also slain thy brothers of
+thy father's house, who were better than thy-
+self:
+
+14 Behold, the Lord will inflict a great
+plague on thy people, and on thy children,
+and on thy wives, and on all thy posses-
+sions;
+
+15 And thou shalt be (afllicted) with great
+diseases by a disease of thy bowels, until thy
+bowels pass out (froni thee) by reason of the
+disease days upon davs.''
+
+16 And the Lord stirred up against Jeho-
+ram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the
+Arabians, that are alongside of the Cushim:
+
+17 And they went up against Judah, and
+made an incursion into it, and carried away
+all the substance that was found in the king's
+house, and also his sons, and liis wives; and
+there was not left unto him any son, save
+Jehoiichaz, the youngest of his sons.
+
+18 And after all this did the Lord afflict
+him in his bowels with a disease which was
+incurable.
+
+19 And it came to pass, from days to days,
+and when the (fixed) time was expired, after
+two years, that his bowels passed out (from
+him) b}' reason of his disease : so he died of
+evil diseases. And his people made no burn-
+ing for him, like the burning for his fathers.
+
+20 Thirty and two years old was he when
+he became king, and eight years did he reign
+in Jerusalem, and departed without joy :"' and
+tliey Ijuried him in the city of David, but not
+in the sepulclires of the kings.
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+1 And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made
+Aehazyahu his youngest son king in his
+stead; for the predatory band that was
+
+" Redak supposes that Elijah after his translation ap-
+peared to a disciple, and ordered him to write this letter.
+Others, that it was another prophet so called. Again,
+tlmt it wns written before Elijah's translatiiui.
+
+f> Z
+
+
+come with the Arabians to the camp Lv{\
+slain all the eldest. So Ijecame Acha/yairu,
+the son of Jehoram the king of Judah, king.
+
+2 ^ Forty and two'' years old was Aehaz-
+yahu when he became king, and one yec?v
+did he reign in Jerusalem: and liis mother's
+name was 'Athalyahu the (grand-)daughtcv
+of "Omri.
+
+3 Also he walked in the ways of the house
+of Achab; for his mother was his counsellor
+to act wickedly.
+
+4 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord like the house of Achab; for these
+wei'e his counsellors after the death of his
+father to his destruction.
+
+5 He walked also after their counsel, and
+went with Jehoram the son of Achab the
+king of Israel to war against Chazaiil the
+king of Syria at Ramoth-girad: and tlic
+Syrians smote Joram.
+
+6 And he returned to be healed in Yizre'el
+because of the wounds which had been given
+him at Ramali, when he fought with Chazacl
+the king of Syria. And 'Azaryahu the son
+of Jehoram the king of Judah went down to
+see Jehoi'am the son of Achab at Yizre'el, be-
+cause he was sick.
+
+7 But from God was the confusion of
+Aehazyahu that he should come to Joram :
+and when he was come, he went out with
+Jehoram against Jehu the son of Nimslii,
+whom the Lord had anointed to cut oft' the
+house of Achab.
+
+8 And it came to pass, when Jehu was exe-
+cuting judgment on the house of Achab, that
+he found the princes of Judah, and the sous
+of the brotliers of Aehazyahu, that ministered
+to Aehazyahu, and he slew them.
+
+9 And he sought Achazvahu, and they
+
+
+was hiding
+
+
+Imnse
+
+
+If
+
+
+HI
+
+
+caught him while he
+
+Samaria, and they brought him to Jehu, a.ml
+i they slew him. and buried him; because they
+said. He is a son of Jehoshaphat, who sought
+the Lord with all his heart. And there was
+none of the house of Aehazyahu who had
+sullicient power (to obtain) the kingdom.
+
+10 ^ And when 'Athalyahu the motliei
+of Aehazyahu saw that her son was dead, she
+
+
+' This phrase is explained variously : Zunz,
+time to time." Herxheinier, "in two years."
+° Rashi. Others, "without being regretted."
+" In 2 Kings viii. 26, "twenty-two." The date
+difficult to be reconciled.
+
+99<i
+
+
+'froii
+
+
+2 CHKONICLES XXII. XXIII.
+
+arose and ext^niiinated all the rojal seed of had commanded, and they took every man
+the liouse of Judali. i his men that came in on the sabbath, with
+
+11 ^ But Yehoshab'iith, the daughter of | those that were to be relieved on the sabbath;
+the king, took Joash the son of Achazyahu, lor Yehoyada' the priest had not dismissed
+and stole him away from the midst of the , the divisions.
+
+king's sons that were slain, and put him and l| 9 Tj And Yehoyada' the priest gave to the
+his nurse into the bed-chamber. So did Ye- | captains of the hundreds the spears, and the
+
+
+hoshab'ath, the d.aughter of king Jehoram_
+the wife of Yehoyiida' the priest, — for she
+was the sister of Achaz_yahu, — hide him
+from 'Athalyahu, so that she slew him not.
+
+12 And he was with them in the house of
+God hidden six years, while 'Athalyah was
+reigning over the land.
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+1 Tf And in the seventh year Yehoyada'
+strengthened liimself, and took the captains
+of the hundreds, 'Azaryah the son of Jero-
+cham, and Yishma'el the son of Jehochanan,
+and 'Azaryahu the son of 'Obed, and Ma'asse-
+yahu the son of 'Adayahu, and Elishaphat
+the son of Zichri, witli him into a covenant.
+
+2 And they moved about in Judah, and
+gathered the Levites together out of all the
+cities of Judah, and the heads of the families
+of Israel; and they came to Jerusalem.
+
+
+3 And all the congregation nuide a cove-
+nant in the house of God with the king.
+And he said unto them. Behold, the king's
+son shall be king, as the Lord hath spoken
+concerning the sons of David.
+
+4 This is the thing that ye shall do, A
+third part of you that enter in on the sab-
+bath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall
+be gatekeepers at the thresholds;
+
+5 And a third part shall be at the king's
+house; and a third ])art at the foundation-
+gate; and all the people shall be in the courts
+of the house of the Lord.
+
+6 But let none come into the house of the
+Lord, save the priests, and they that minister
+of the Levites: they shall enter, lor they are
+holy; but all the people shall keep the charge
+of the Lord.
+
+7 And the Levites shall encompass the king j pie unto the Lord.
+round about, every man with his weapons;! 17 And then came all the people into the
+in his hand; and he who cometh into the ;I house of Ba'al, and pulled it down, and his
+house shall be put to death ; and be ye with i altars and his images did they break in
+the king when he cometh in, and when he ' pieces, and Matthan the priest of Baal they
+goeth out. j slew before the altars.
+
+8 And tlie Levites and all Judah did in ac- j 18 And Yehoyada' placed the supervision
+cordancc with all llial Yiiioyada' the priest' over tlie house of the Lord into the hand
+
+9U4
+
+
+shields, and the quivers, that belonged to
+king David, which were in the house of God.
+
+10 And he placed all the people, every
+man having his weapon in his hand, from the
+right side of the liouse to the left side of the
+house, along by the altar and the temple, all
+round about the king,
+
+11 Then did they bring forth the king's
+son, and put upon him the crown, and (gave
+him) the testimony, and they made him king.
+And Yehoyada' and liis sons anointed him,
+and said. Long live the king.
+
+12 Tj And when 'Athalyah heard the noise
+of the people running and praising the king,
+she came to the people into the house of the
+Lord.
+
+13 And she looked, and behold, the kijig
+stood upon his stand at the entrance, and the
+jarinces and the trumpets were around the
+king; and all the people of the land rejoiced,
+and blew on trumpets ; also the singers (were
+there) leading with instruments of music in
+the songs of praise ; and 'Athalyah rent her
+clothes, and said, "Treason, treason."
+
+14 ^[ But Yehoyada' the priest ordered the
+captains of the hundreds, the commanders of
+the army, to go out, and said unto them,
+Lead her forth to witliin the ranges; and he
+that followeth her shall be put to death with
+the sword. For the priest had said. Ye shall
+not put her to death in the house of the
+Lord.
+
+15 And they made way for her: and she
+went to the entrance of the horse-gate by the
+king's house, and they put her to death there.
+
+IG ^1 And Yehoyada' made a covenant be-
+tween him, and between all the jieople, and
+between the king, that they should be a peo-
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXIII. XXIV.
+
+
+of the priests, the Levites, whom David had
+divided ofl" over the house of the Lord, to
+ofler the burnt-oflerings of the Lord, as it is
+written in the Law of Moses, with rejoicing
+and with singing, after the manner of David.
+
+19 And he appointed the gatekeepers over
+the gates of the house of the Lord, that none
+unclean in any thing should enter therein.
+
+20 And he took the captains of the hun-
+dreds, and the nobles, and the governors over
+the people, and all the people of the land,
+and he brought down the king from the
+house of the Lord, and they came through
+the midst of the upper gate into the king's
+house; and they caused the king to sit upon
+the throne of the kingdom.
+
+21 And all the people of the land rejoiced,
+and the city was quiet; but 'Athalyahu they
+had slain with the sword.
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+1 ^ Seven years old was Joash when he
+became king, and forty years did he reign in
+Jerusalem: and the name of his mother was
+Zibyah of Beer-sheba'.
+
+2 And Joiish did what is right in the eyes
+of the Lord, all the days of Yehoyada' the
+priest.
+
+3 ^ And Yehoyada' took for liimself " two
+wives, and he begat sons' and daughters.
+
+4 And it came to pass after this, that
+Yoash had it in his mind to renew the house
+of the Lord.
+
+5 And he gathered together the priests
+and the Levites, and said to them, Go out
+unto the cities of Judah, and gather from all
+IsraeP money to repair the house of your God
+from year to year, and ye shall make haste
+in this matter. But the Levites made no
+haste.
+
+6 ][ Then called the king for Yehoyada'
+the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou
+not required from the Levites to bring in out
+of Judah and out of Jerusalem the contribu-
+tion (fixed by) Moses the servant of the Lord,
+and of the congregation of Israel, for the
+tabernacle of the testimony?
+
+7 For the sons of the wicked 'Athalyahu
+have made breaches (in) the house of God;
+
+
+'So Rashi. English version and others, "fur him,
+«■ e. the king.
+
+'' Meaning, those belonging to his guMTiiiiifiil.
+
+
+and also the holy things of the house of the
+Lord have they applied to the Be'alim.
+
+8 And at the king's order they made a
+chest, and placed it at the gate of the house
+of the Lord on the outside.
+
+9 And they made a proclamation through
+Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in to the Lord
+the contribution (fixed by) Moses the servant
+of God upon Israel in the wilderness.
+
+10 And all the princes and all the people
+rejoiced, and they brought it in, and cast it
+into the chest, until it was full."
+
+11 Now it came to pass, that at what time
+the chest was brought unto the king's office
+by the hand of the Levites, and when they
+saw that there was much money, then came
+the king's scribe and the high-pi'iest's othcer
+and emptied the chest, and took it up, and
+brought it back to its place. Thus did they
+day by day, and gathered money in abun-
+dance.
+
+12 And the king and Yehoyada' gave it to
+those who overlooked the service of the house
+of the Lord, and these hired masons and car-
+penters to renew the house of the Lord, and
+also to the workers in iron and copper to re-
+pair the house of the Lord.
+
+13 So the workmen wrought, and the work
+was restored through their means, and they
+replaced the house of God in its (former)
+state, and strengthened it.
+
+14 And when they had completed it, they
+brought before the king and Yehoyada' the
+rest of the money, and they made of it ves-
+sels for tlie house of the Lord, the vessels of
+the service and for the sacrificing,'^ and the
+spoons, and (other) vessels of gold and silver.
+And they ofi'ered burnt-oft'erings in the house
+of the Lord continually all the days of Yeho-
+yada'.
+
+15 ^j And Yehoyada' became old, and was
+full of days, and died : he was old one hun-
+dred and thirty years when he died.
+
+16 And they buried him in the city of
+David among the kings; because he had done
+a good thing in Israel, and toward God, and
+his house.
+
+17 Ti But after the death of Yehoyada'
+came the princes of Judah, and bowed them-
+
+
+" Zunz. Lit. " until there wa.s an end."
+' R:islii niid Redak, niSi'm "and pestles," for piiiid-
+iug the spices
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXIV. XXV.
+
+
+.selves down* to the king. Then did the king-
+hearken unto them.
+
+18 And they forsook the house of the Lord
+1he God of their fathers, and served the Ashe-
+rim and the idols: and there came wrath
+over Judah and Jerusalem for this their
+guiltiness.
+
+19 And he sent prophets among them, to
+bring them back again unto the Lord; and
+they gave them warning; but they did not
+give ear.
+
+20 And the spirit of God endued Zecha-
+riah the son of Yehoyada' the priest, and
+he stood up above the people, and he said
+unto them, Thus hath said the (true) God,
+Why transgress ye the commandments of the
+Lord? ye cannot prosper so; because (as)
+ye have forsaken the Lord, he hath also
+forsaken you.
+
+21 And they conspired against him, and
+stoned him with stones at the command of
+the king in the court of the house of the
+Lord.
+
+22 And king JoJish did not remember the
+kindness which Yehoyada' his father had
+shown to him, but slew his son. And when
+he died, he said. The Lord will see (this),
+and require (my blood).
+
+23 ^ And it came to pass at the expira-
+tion of the year, that the army of Syria came
+up against him : and they came to Judah
+and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes
+of the people from among the people, and all
+their spoil they sent ofl" unto the king of Da-
+nuiscus.
+
+24 Indeed with a small company of men
+did the army of Syria come; but the Lord
+delivered'' into their hand an army exceed-
+ingly numerous; because they had forsaken
+the Lord the God of their fathers. And on
+Joiish they executed punishment.
+
+25 And when these were gone away from
+him — for they left him (suffering) with great
+diseases — his own servants conspired against
+jiini because of the blood of the sons of Yeho-
+yada' the priest, and slew him on his bed,
+and he died: and they buried him in the
+
+
+" Hoixheinier explains, "tlioy askcil in the moist siib-
+liiissive inauner for permission to practise idolatry"
+
+"' Aeconling to 2 Kings xii. IS, tlio Syrians did not
+light any battle; as Joiish bought them ofl'. Still the
+■ilaughter of the principal men and indignity against the
+king may have also taken place,
+
+yyti
+
+
+city of David, but they buried him not in the
+sepulchres of the kings.
+
+26 And these are those that conspired
+against him: Zabad" the son of Shim'ath
+the 'Ammonitess, and Yehozabad the son oi
+Shimrith the Moiibitess.
+
+27 Now concerning his sons, and the great
+prophecy concerning him, and the founding
+of the house of God. behold, they are written
+in the story of the book of the kings. And
+Amazyahu his son became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+1 ^ When twenty and five years old did
+Amazyahu become king, and twenty and nine
+years did he reign in Jerusalem. And his
+mother's niune was Yeho'addan of Jerusalem.
+
+2 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, yet not with an entire heart.
+
+3 And it came to pass, when the kingdom
+was finnly established to him, that he slew
+his servants that had killed the king his
+fatlier.
+
+4 But their children he put not to death;
+but (did) as it is written in the law in the
+book of Moses, that the Lord had commanded,
+saying, The fathers sliall not die for the chil-
+dren, nor shall the children die for the flithers,
+but every man shall die for his own sin.
+
+5 ^ And Amazyahu gathered Judah toge-
+ther, and stationed them after their family
+divisions, after the captains over the thou-
+sands, and after the captains over the hun-
+dreds, of all Judah and Benjamin; and he
+numbered them from twenty years old and up-
+ward, and found theur (to be) three hundred
+thousand chosen men, able to go forth to the
+army, that could handle spear and shield.
+
+6 He hired also out of Israel one hun-
+dred thousand mighty men of valour for one
+hundred talents of silver.
+
+7 But a man of God came unto him, say-
+ing, 0 king, let not the army of Israel go
+with thee; for the Lord is not with Israel,
+(with) all the children of Ephraim.
+
+8 But if thou wilt go, (and be ever so) ac-
+tive"* (and) strong for the battle: God will
+
+° In 2 Kings xii. 22, Yn:ticlinr, the son of Shim'ath,
+and Yehozabad, the son of S/ionur, a variation not un-
+usual in tiie books of Chronicles.
+
+'' After Zunz. Rashi, "For if thou wilt go, do wli:it
+thou intcndest, try to be strong for the battle: still will
+God," &c.
+
+
+L' CHRONICLES XXV.
+
+
+cause thee tc stuiuhle liefoiv the enemy; for
+there is poAvor with God to help, and to cause
+to stumhle.
+
+9 Then said Amazyahu to the man of
+God, But wliat is to be done for the hundred
+talents which I have given to the hand of
+Israel? And the man of God said, Tlie Lord
+hath (enough in his power) to give tliee much
+more than this.
+
+10 Then did Amazyahu separate them, (to
+wit,) the band that was come to him out of
+Ephraim, that they might go to their place:
+wherefore their anger was greatly kindled
+against Judah, and they returned to their
+home in burning anger.
+
+11 ^ And Amazyahu strengthened him-
+self, and led forth his people, and went to the
+Valley of Salt, and smote of the children of
+Seir ten thousand (men).
+
+12 And ten thousand did the children of
+Judah take captive alive, and brought them
+to the top of the rock, and cast them down
+fiom the top of the rock, so that they all were
+crushed.
+
+13 But the men of the band whom Amaz-
+yahu had sent back, that they should not go
+with him to battle, spread themselves about in
+the cities of Judah, from Samaria even unto
+Beth-choron, and smote of them three thou-
+sand (persons), and plundered much spoil.
+
+14 IT And it came to pass, after Amazyahu
+was come honie from smiting the Edomites,
+that he brought tlie gods of the children of
+Se'ir, and set them up unto himself as gods,
+and before them he used to prostrate himself,
+and unto them he used to Ijurn incense.
+
+15 Wherefore the anger of the Lord was
+kindled against Amazyahu, and he sent unto
+him a prophet, who said unto him, Why
+hast thou sought after the gods of the people,
+that have not delivered their own people out
+of thy hand?
+
+16 And it came to pass, as he was speak-
+ing unto him, that he said unto him. Have
+we ever appointed thee as a counsellor to the
+king? forbear this: why shouldst thou be
+smitten? Then did the prophet forbear; and
+he said, I know that God hath resolved to
+destroy thee, because thou hast done this,
+and hast not hearkened unto my counsel.
+
+17 ^ Then held Amazyahu the king of
+Judah a council, and sent to Joash, the son
+of Jehnlichaz, the son of Jehu, the king of
+
+
+Israel, saying, Come, let us look one luiotlier
+in the face.
+
+18 And Joiish the king of Israel sent to
+Amazyahu the king of Judah, saying. The
+thornbush that was in the Lebanon sent to
+the cedar that was in the Lebanon, saving,
+Give: thy daughter to my son for wife. And
+there passed along the wild bea,st° that were
+in the Lebanon, and trod down the thorn-liush.
+
+19 Thou hast thought, Lo, thou hast smit-
+ten Edom; and thy heart hath lifted thee
+up to acquire much glory:" now stay in thy
+house; why wilt thou meddle with misfor-
+tune, that thou mayest fall, thou, and Judah
+with thee?
+
+20 But Amazyahu would not heai'; for it
+was (ordained) by God, in order to deliver
+them into the hand (of Joiish); because they
+had sought after the gods of Edom.
+
+21 Thereupon did Joash the king of Israel
+go up: and they looked one another in the
+face, he and Amazyahu the king of Judah, at
+Beth-shemesh, which belongeth to Judah.
+
+22 And Judah was defeated before Israel,
+and they tied every man to his tents.
+
+23 And Joash the king of Israel caught
+Amazyahu the king of Judah, the son of
+Joiish, the son of Jehoachaz, at Beth-she-
+mesh ; and he brought him to Jerusalem,
+and made a breach in the wall of Jerusalem,
+from the gate of Ephraim unto the corner-
+gate, four hundred cubits.
+
+24 And (taking) all the gold and the sil-
+ver, and all the vessels that were found in
+the house of God with 'Obed-edora, and the
+treasures of the king's house, and the children
+of the chiefs as hostages, he returned to Sa-
+maria.
+
+25 ^ And Amazyahu the son of Joiish the
+king of Judah lived after the death of Joiish
+the son of Jehoiichaz the king of Israel fifteen
+years.
+
+26 And the rest of the acts of Amazyahu
+the first and the last, behold, they are fully
+written in the book of the kings of Judah
+and Israel.
+
+27 Now from the time tliat Amazyahu
+departed from following the Lord, they raised
+a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem : where-
+
+
+* Rasbi, from in:) "honour," or "glory-" Redak,
+"to make more wars," from ^^^ "heavy," "multifaxi
+ous." Zunz, "to the exte«t of'bccnming obdurate."
+
+y<J7
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXV. XXVI.
+
+
+fore he fled to Laehish; but they sent after
+him to Laehish, and slew liim there.
+
+28 And they carried him on horses, and
+buried him with his fathers in the city of
+Judah.
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+1 And all the people of Judah took 'Uzzi-
+yahu, who was then sixteen years old, and
+made him king instead of his father Amaz-
+yahu.
+
+2 He it was that built Eloth, and brought
+it back to Judah, after the king slept with his
+fathers.
+
+3 ^ Sixteen years old was 'Uzziyahu when
+he became king, and fifty and two years did
+he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was Yecholyah of Jerusalem.
+
+4 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, in accordance with all that his
+father Amazyahu had done.
+
+5 And he was (inclined) to seek God in the
+days of Zecharyahu, who had understanding
+in the visions of God ; and during the time
+that he sought the Lord, God caused him to
+prosper.
+
+6 And he went forth and made war against
+the Philistines, and he broke down the wall
+of Gath, and the wall of Jabneh, and the
+wall of Ashdod; and he built cities in (the
+country of) Ashdod, and among the Philis-
+tines.
+
+7 And God helped him against the Philis-
+tines, and against the Arabians that dwelt in
+Gur-ba'al, and the Me'unim.
+
+8 And the 'Ammonites gave presents to
+'Uzziyahu: and his name extended even to
+the entrance of Egypt; for he became exceed-
+ingly Strong.
+
+n And 'Uzziyahu built towers in Jerusa-
+lem, above the corner-gate, and above the
+valley-gate, and at the angle, and made them
+strong.
+
+10 He built also towers in the desert, and
+hewed out many wells; for he had much cat-
+tle, both in the lowlands and in the plain;
+(also) husbandmen, and vintners in the moun-
+tains, and in Carmel; for he loved husbandry.
+
+11 ^f Moreover 'Uzziyah had an army of
+fighting men, that went out to the host by
+bands, according to the number of those mus-
+ttied of them through the hand of Je'iel the
+scribe and Ma'asseyahu the ovei'seer, under
+
+998
+
+
+the supervision of Chananyahu, one of the
+king's captains.
+
+12 The whole number of the chiefs of the
+family divisions of the mighty men of valour
+was two thousand and six hundred.
+
+13 And under their supervision was an
+efficient army, (of) three hundred thousand
+and seven thousand and five hundred, that
+made war with mighty power, to help the
+king against the enemy.
+
+14 And 'Uzziyahu prepared for them, for
+all the host, shields, and spears, and helmets,
+and coats of mail, and bows, and stones for
+slinging.
+
+15 And he made in Jerusalem artificial
+contrivances, contrived by a skilful man, to
+be (stationed) on the towers and upon the
+ramparts, to shoot ofl' arrows and great stones.
+And his' name extended ever so far abroad ;
+for he was marvellously assisted, till he be-
+came strong.
+
+16 But when he was strong, his heart was
+lifted up to his destruction; and he became
+unfaithful against the Lord his God, and went
+into the temple of the Lord to burn incense
+upon the altar of incense.
+
+17 And there went in after him 'Azaryahu
+the priest, and with him were priests of the
+Lord, valiant men, (to the number of) eighty;
+
+18 And they stood forward against king
+'Uzziyahu, and they said unto him, It is not
+for thee, 0 'Uzziyahu, to burn incense unto
+the Lord, but for the priests the sons of
+Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense :
+go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast tres-
+passed; and it will not be for thy honour
+from the Lord God.
+
+19 But 'Uzziyahu became wroth, and in
+his hand was a censer to burn incense : and
+while he was wroth with the priests, the
+leprosy even broke out on his forehead before
+the priests in the house of the Lord, above
+the altar of the incense.
+
+20 And when "Azaryahu the chief priest,
+with all the priests, turned about toward him,
+behold, he was leprous on liis forehead, and
+they hurried him away from there: yea, he
+also made haste to go out, because the Lord
+had afflicted him.
+
+21 And king 'Uzziyahu was a leper initil
+the day of his death, and dwelt in the leper-
+house, as a leper; for he was excluded from
+the house of the Lord: and Jotham liis son
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII.
+
+
+was over the king's house,
+people of the land.
+
+22 And tlie rest of the acts of 'Uzziyahu,
+tte first and the hist, did Isaiah the prophet,
+the son of Amoz, write.
+
+23 And 'Uzziyahu slept with his fathers,
+nnd they buried him with liis fathers in the
+burial-field which belonged to the kings; for
+they said. He is a leper: and Jotham his son
+tecanie king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+1 ^ Twenty and five years old was Jotham
+when he became king, and sixteen years did
+he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was Yerushah, the daughter of Zadok.
+
+2 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, in accordance with all that his
+father 'Uzziyahu had done: only he entered
+not into the temple of the Lord. But the
+people acted still corruptly.
+
+3 He it was that built tiie upper gate of
+the house of the Lord, and on the wall of the
+hill-fort he built much.
+
+4 Moreover he built cities in the moun-
+tain of Judah, and in the forests he built
+castles and towers.
+
+5 And he likewise fought with the king
+of the sons of 'Ammon, and prevailed against
+them. And the children of 'Ammon gave
+him in that same year one hundred talents
+of silver, and ten thousand kors of wheat, and
+ten thousand of barley. So much did the
+children of 'Amnion pay unto him again, both
+in the second year, and in the third.
+
+6 So Jotham became strong; because he
+directed his ways' before the Lord his God.
+
+7 And the rest of the acts of Jotham, and
+all his wars, and his ways, lo, they are writ-
+ten in the book of the kings of Israel and
+Judah.
+
+8 ^ Five and twenty years old was he
+when he became king, and sixteen years did
+he reign in Jerusalem.
+
+9 And Jotham slept with his fathers, and
+they buried him in the city of David : and
+Achaz his son became king in his stead.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+1 T[ Twenty years old was Achaz when
+
+
+(iuid) judged the ]1 he became king, and sixteen years did Iii>
+reign in Jerusalem; and he did not what is
+right in the eyes of the Lord, like David his
+father ;
+
+2 But he walked in the ways of the kings
+of Israel, and made also molten images for
+the Be'alim.
+
+3 And he also burnt incense in the valley
+of the son of Ilinnom, and burnt'' his sons in
+the fire, after the abominable acts of the na-
+tions that the Lord had driven out from
+before the children of Israel.
+
+4 And he sacrificed and burnt incense on
+the high-places, and on the hills, and under
+every green tree.
+
+5 Wherefore the Lord his God gave him
+up into the hand of the king of Syria; and
+they defeated his people, and carried away a
+great multitude of them captives, and brought
+them to Damascus. And also into the hand
+of the king of Israel was he given up, and he
+defeated his people with a great slaughter.
+
+6 And Pekach the son of Remalyahu slew
+in Judah one hundred and twenty thousand
+in one day, all being valiant men; because
+they had Ibrsaken the Lord, the God of their
+fathers.
+
+7 ^ And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim,
+slew Ma'asseyahu the king's son, and 'Azri-
+kam the governor of tlie house, and Elkanah
+the second in rank to the king.
+
+8 And the children of Israel led away cap-
+tive from their brethren two hundred thou-
+sand, women, sons, and daughters, and also
+much booty did they plunder from them,
+and they brought the booty to Samaria.
+
+9 But there was a prophet of the Lord,
+'Oded was his name; and he went out to
+meet the host that was coming to Samaria,
+and said unto them, Behold, because of the
+fury of the Lord the God of your fathers
+against Judah, hath he given them up into
+your hand, and ye have slain among them in
+a rage that reacheth as far as the heavens.
+
+10 And now ye think to force the children
+of Judah and Jerusalem to become bond-men
+and bond-women unto \ou; but surely are
+there not with you, even with you, trespasses
+against the Lord your God?
+
+11 And now hear me, and restore the cap-
+
+
+* i'. e. His course of life was pleasing to God, by follow-
+ing the commandments.
+
+
+' Zunz, as in 2 Kings xvi. 3, " he led his sons through
+
+the fire."
+
+999
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXVIII. XXIX.
+
+
+tives, whom ye have taken captive IVom jour
+brethren; for the fierce wrath of the LoKD is
+over you.
+
+12 ^ Then arose certain men of the heads
+of the children of P]phraim, 'Azaryahu the son
+of Jehochanan, Berechyahu the son of Me-
+shillemoth, and Jechizkiyahu the son of Shal-
+lum, and 'Amassa the son of Chadlai, against
+those that were come from the army,
+
+13 And they said unto them, Ye shall not
+bring in the captives hither; for in addition
+to the guiltiness against the Lord (resting)
+on us, ye think to add unto our sins and unto
+our guiltiness; for great is the guiltiness
+(resting) on us, and there is fierce wrath
+over Israel.
+
+14 So the armed men abandoned the cap-
+tives and the spoil before the princes and all
+the assembly.
+
+15 And then arose the men who have
+been expressed by name, and took hold of
+the captives, and all that were naked among
+them they clothed from the booty; and they
+gave them garments and shoes, and gave
+them to eat and to drink, and anointed them,
+and carried all the feeble of them upon asses,
+and brought them to Jericho, the city of
+palm-trees, near their brethren ; and then did
+they return to Samaria.
+
+16 ^ At that time sent king Achaz unto
+the kings of Assyria to help him.
+
+17 Moreover the Edomites came again and
+defeated (the men of) Judah, and carried
+away captives.
+
+18 And the Philistines invaded the cities
+of the lowlands, and of the south of Judah,
+and captured Beth-shemesh, and A^alon, and
+Gederoth, and Socho with its villages, and
+Thimnah with its villages, and Gimzo with
+its villages; and they dwelt there.
+
+19 For the IjOrd humbled Judah on ac-
+count of Achaz the king of Israel; for he
+made Judah unruly, and acted very faith-
+lessly against the Lord.
+
+20 Then came against him Tilgath-pilnees-
+fcer the king of Assyria,, and distressed him,
+but strengthened him not.
+
+21 Although Achaz took away a portion
+(out) of the house of the Lord, and (out) of
+the house of the king, and of the princes, and
+gave it unto the king of Assyria: he yet gave
+him no assistance.
+
+22 And in the time that he distressed him,
+
+1000
+
+
+became he yet more faithless against the
+Lord, — yea, he, king Achaz;
+
+23 And he sacrificed unto the gods of (the
+people of) Damascus, who had smitten him;
+and he said, Because the gods of the kings of
+Syria do help them, (therefore) will I sacri-
+fice unto them, that they may help me. But
+they only became to him a stumbling-block
+for him and for all Israel.
+
+24 And Achaz gathered up the vessels of
+the house of God, and cut in pieces the ves-
+sels of the house of God, and locked up the
+doors of the house of the Lord, and he made
+for himself altars in every corner of Jerusalem.
+
+25 And in each and every city of Judah
+made he high-places to burn incense unto
+other gods; and he provoked to anger the
+Lord the God of his fathers.
+
+26 And the rest of his acts and of all his
+ways, the first and the last, behold, they are
+written in the book of the kings of Judah
+and Israel.
+
+27 And Achaz slept with his fathers, and
+they buried him in the city, in Jerusalem;
+for they brought him not into the sepulchres
+of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son
+became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+1 ^ Hezekiah became king when five and
+twenty years old, and twenty and nine years
+did he reign in Jerusalem. And his mother's
+name was Abiyah, the daughter of Zecharyahu.
+
+2 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+the Lord, in accordance with all that David
+his father had done.
+
+3 He it was that in the first year of his
+reign, in the first month, opened the doors of
+the house of the Lord, and repaired them.
+
+4 And he brought in the priests and the
+Levites, and gathered them together into the
+open Y>\ace at the east;
+
+5 And he said unto them. Hear me, ye Le-
+vites, sanctify yovn-selves now, and sanctify
+the house of the Lord the God of your fathers,
+and carry forth tin- unclean tiling out of the
+sanctuary.
+
+6 For our fathers have dealt faithlessly',
+and have done what is evil in the e^yes of the
+Lord our God, and have forsaken him ; and
+they have turned away their faces from the
+habitation of the Lord, and turned their backs.
+
+7 They had also locked up the doors of the
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXIX.
+
+
+porch, and put out the lamps, and incense
+have they not burnt, and the burnt-offerings
+have they not oflfered in the sanctuary, unto
+the God of Israel.
+
+8 Wherefore the wrath of the Lord is upon
+Judah and Jerusalem, and he hath rendered
+them to be a horror, an astonishment, and a
+hissing, as ye see with your eyes.
+
+9 And, lo, our fathers have fallen by the
+sword, and our sons, and our daughters, and
+our wives are in captivity because of this.
+
+10 Now it is in my heart to make a cove-
+nant for the Lord the God of Israel, that his
+fierce wrath may turn away from us.
+
+11 My sons, be not negligent now; for of
+you hath tlie Lord made choice to stand be-
+fore him, to minister unto him, and that ye
+might be unto him ministers and those that
+burn incense.
+
+. 12 Then arose the Levites, Machath the
+son of 'Amassai, and Joel the son of 'Azar-
+yahu, of the sons of the Kehathites; and of
+the sons of Merari, Kish the son of 'Abdi,
+and 'Azaryahu the son of Jehallelel ; and of
+the Gershunites, Joiich the son of Zimmah,
+and 'Eden the son of JoJich ;
+
+13 And of the sons of Elizaphan, Shimri,
+and Je'iel ; and of the sous of Assapli, Zechar-
+yaliu and Matthanyahu;
+
+14 ^ And of the sons of Heman, Jechiel
+and Shim'i; and of the sons of Jeduthun,
+Shema'yah and 'Uzziel;
+
+15 And they gathered together their bre-
+thren, and they sanctified themselves, and
+came, according to the command of the king,
+by the words of the Lord, to cleanse the
+house of the Lord.
+
+16 And the priests went into the inner
+part of the house of the Lord, to cleanse it;
+and they brought out every thing unclean
+which they found in the temple of the Lord
+into the court of the house of the Lord; and
+the Levites received it, to carry it out abroad
+unto the brook Kidron.
+
+17 And they commenced on the first day
+of the first month to sanctify; and on the
+eighth day of the month they came to the
+porch of the Lord, and they sanctified the
+house of the Lord in eight days; and on the
+sixteenth day of the first month they made
+an end."
+
+* Their own purification lasted eight days, and that of
+the temple the .s-xme time.
+
+C A
+
+
+18 ^ Then went they in the inner [»art
+(of the palace) to king Hezekiah, and said.
+We have cleansed all the house of the Lord,
+and the altar of burnt-offering, and all its
+vessels, and the table of show bread, and all
+its vessels.
+
+19 Moreover all the vessels, which king
+Achaz had cast aside during his reign in his
+faithlessness, have we put in order and sanc-
+tified: and, behold, they are before the altar
+of the Lord.
+
+20 ^ Then arose king Hezekiah early, and
+gathered together the princes of the city, and
+went up to the house of the Lord.
+
+21 And they brought seven bullocks, and
+seven rams, and seven sheep, and seven he-
+goats, as a sin-ofiering for the kingdom, and
+for the sanctuary, and for Judah. And he
+ordered the sons of Aaron the priests to offer
+(them) on the altar of the Lord.
+
+22 So they slaughtered the bullocks, and
+the priests received the blood, and sprinkled
+it on the altar; and they shaughtered the
+rams, and they sprinkled the blood upon the
+altar; they also slaughtered the sheep, and
+they sprinkled the blood upon the altar.
+
+23 And they brought near the he-goats of
+the sin-offering before the king and the con-
+gregation; and they laid their hands upon
+them :
+
+24 And the priests slaughtered them, and
+they made an expiation with their blood
+upon the altar, to make an atonement for all
+Israel; because for all the people, said the
+king, should be the burnt-offering and the
+sin-ofiering.
+
+25 And he stationed the Levites in the
+house of the Lord with cymbals, Avith psal-
+teries, and with harps, according to the com-
+mand of David, and of Gad the king's seer,
+and Nathan the prophet; because from the
+Lord was this commandment by means of his
+prophets.
+
+26 T[ And the Levites stood with the in-
+struments of David, and the priests with the
+trumpets.
+
+27 And Hezekiah ordered to offer the
+burnt-offering on the altar. And when the
+burnt-offering began, the song of the Lord
+began (also) with the trumpets, and with the
+instruments of David the king of Israel.
+
+28 And all the assembly prostrated them-
+selves, and the song sounded, and the trum-
+
+1001
+
+
+\
+
+
+2 CHRONIOLES XXIX. XXX.
+
+
+peters blew: all this (contimied) until the
+buint^oftering was completed.
+
+^9 And when they had made an end of
+offering, the king and all that were present
+with him kneeled down and prostrated them-
+selves.
+
+30 And king Hezekiah and the princes then
+said to the Levites to sing praises unto the
+Lord with the words of David, and of Assaph
+the seer. And they sang praises with great
+joy, and they bowed their heads and pros-
+trated themselves.
+
+31 T[ Then commenced Hezekiah, and
+said, Now have ye consecrated yourselves
+unto the Lord: come near and bring sacrifices
+a'.;d thanksgiving-oflerings unto the house of
+the Lord. And the assembly brought in
+sacrifices and thanksgiving-oflerings, and
+every one who was liberal of heart, burntr
+offerings.
+
+32 And the number of the burnt-offerings,
+which the assembly brought, was seventy
+bullocks, one hundred rams, (and) two hun-
+dred sheep : as a burnt-offering unto the Lord
+were all these.
+
+33 And the hallowed sacrifices were six
+hundred oxen and three thousand sheep.
+
+.'!4 Only the priests were too few, so that
+they could not flay all the burut-oflerings :
+Avherefore their brethren the Levites assisted
+tliem, till the work was ended, and until the
+other })riests could sanctify themselves; for
+the Levites were of upright heart to sanctify
+themselves more than the priests.
+
+35 But there were also burnt-offerings in
+abundance, with the fat of the peace-offer-
+ings, and the drink-offerings for the burnt-
+offei'ings. So was (again) established the ser-
+vice of the house of the Lord.
+
+36 And Hezekiah rejoiced, with all the
+l)eople, over that which God had pi^epared for
+the people; because the thing occurred sud-
+denly.
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+1 ^ Then sent Hezekiah to all Israel and
+Judah, and he also wrote letters to Ephraim
+and Menasseh, that they should come to the
+house of the Lord at Jerusalem, to prepare
+the passover-sacrifice unto the Lord the God
+of Israel.
+
+2 And the king held a consultation, as
+
+also his ]irinces, and all the assembly in Joru-
+
+n)()2
+
+
+salem, to prepare the passover-sacrifice in the
+second month.
+
+3 For they were not able to prepare it at
+that time ; because the priests had not sanc-
+tified themselves sufficientl}-, nor had the peo-
+ple gathered themselves together to Jerusa-
+lem.
+
+4 And the thing seemed right in the eyes
+of the king and in the eyes of all the assem-
+bly.
+
+5 So they established a decree to cause a
+pi'oclaination to be made throughout all Is-
+rael, from Beer-sheba' even as far as Dan,
+that they should come to prepare the pass-
+o\er-sacrifice unto the Lord the God of Israel
+at Jerusalem; because for a long time past
+they had not prepared it as it was written.
+
+6 So the runners went with the letters
+from the hand of the king and liis princes
+throughout all Israel and Jiidah, and accord-
+ing to the command of the king, saying,
+0 ^children of Israel, return unto the Lord
+the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel,
+and ke will return to the remnant of you,
+that are escaped out of the power of the kings
+of Assyria.
+
+7 And be not like your fathers, and like
+3'our brethren, who acted faithlessly against
+the Lord the God of their fathers, wherefore
+he gave them up to become an (object of)
+astonishment, as ye see.
+
+8 Now do ye not harden your necks, like
+your fathers; hold out your hand unto the
+LoKD, and come unto his sanctuary, which he
+hath sanctified for ever, and serve the Lord
+your God, and so will he turn away from
+you the fierceness of his wrath.
+
+9 For if ye return unto the Lord, your
+brethren and your children will find mercy
+in the presence of their captors, so that they
+may return to this land; for the Lord your
+God is gracious and merciful, and will not
+turn away his countenance from you, if ye
+return unto him.
+
+10 ^ And as the runners were passing
+from city to city through the country of
+Ephraim and Menasseh and as far as Zebu-
+lun, they were laughing them to scorn, and
+mocking at them.
+
+11 Nevertheless some men of Asher and
+Menasseh and of Zebulun humbled them-
+selves, and came to Jerusalem.
+
+12 Also over Judah came the hand of God
+
+
+2 rilROXK'LES XXX. XXXI.
+
+
+to give unto them one heart to do the com-
+mand of the king and of the princes, by the
+word of the Lord.
+
+13 And there -was gathered together at
+Jerusalem a numerous people to keep the
+feast of unleavened bread in the second
+month, a very great assembly.
+
+14 And they arose and removed the altars
+which were in Jerusalem, and all the vessels
+for burning incense did they take away, and
+they threw them into the brook Kidron.
+
+15 And they slaughtered the passovei'-sar
+crifice on the fourteenth day of the second
+mouth : and the priests and the Levites were
+ashamed, and sanctified themselves, and
+brought burnt-offerings unto the house of the
+Lord.
+
+16 ^ And they stood on their station after
+their prescribed manner, according to the law
+of Moses the man of God, the priest sprinkling
+the blood, (which they received) out of the
+liand of the Levites.
+
+17 For there were many in the assembly
+that had not sanctified Hiemselves: there-
+fore the Levites bad the charge of the slaugh-
+tering of the passover-sacrifices for every one
+that was not clean, to sanctify (the same)
+unto the Lord.
+
+18 For a large portion of the people, even
+many out of Ephraim, and Menasseh, Issa-
+char, and Zebulun, had not cleansed them-
+selves, but ate the passover not as it is writ-
+ten. However Hezekiah prayed for them,
+saying, The Lord who is good will grant par-
+don for this
+
+19 To every one that hath directed his
+heart to seek God, the Lord the God of his
+fathers; though he be not (cleansed) accord-
+ing to the purification of the sanctuary.
+
+20 And the Lord hearkened to Hezekiah,
+and he healed the people.
+
+21 T[ And the children of Israel that were
+present at Jerusalem celebrated the feast of
+unleavened bread seven days with great joy ;
+and the Levites and the priests praised the
+Lord day by day, with loud instruments be-
+fore the Lord.
+
+22 And Hezekiah spoke comfortingly unto
+all the Levites that had good intelligence of
+the Lord: and they ate the festive-offerings
+during seven days, ofiering peace-offerings,
+and making confession to the Lord the God
+of their fathers.
+
+
+23 And the whole assembly took counsel
+to celebrate other seven days: and they cele-
+brated (these) seven days with joy.
+
+24 For Hezekiah king of Judah had provid-
+ed for the assemljl}' one thousand bullocks and
+seven thousand sheep; and the princes had
+provided for the assembly one thousand bul-
+locks and ten thousand sheep : and the priests
+sanctified themselves in great numbers.
+
+25 And thus rejoiced all the assembly of
+Judah, and the priests and the Levites, and
+all the assembly that was come out of Israel,
+and the strangers that were come out of the
+land of Israel, and those that dwelt in Judali.
+
+26 And there was great joy in Jerusalem;
+for since the time of Solomon the son of
+David the king of Israel had the like not
+l)een in Jerusalem.
+
+27 Tl Then arose the priests the Levites
+and blessed the people ; and their voice was
+listened to, and their prayer came to His
+holy dwelling-place, even unto heaven.
+
+CHAPTER XXXL
+
+1 And when all this was finished, all Is-
+rael that were present went out to the cities
+of Judali, and broke in pieces the stp.tues,
+and cut down the groves, and pulled dc wn
+the high-places and the altars out of all Judah
+and Benjamin, and in Ephraim and Menas-
+seh, until they had made an end of them all.
+Then returned all the children of Israel every
+man to his possession, to their own cities.
+
+2 And Hezekiah stationed the divisions of
+the priests and the Levites after their divi-
+sions, every man according to his service, of
+the priests and the Levites, for burnt-oflerings
+and for peace-offerings, to minister, and to
+give thanks, and to praise in the gates of the
+camps of the Lord.
+
+3 The king also gave a portion from his
+own property for the burnt-offerings, (name-
+ly,) for the morning and evening burnt-offer-
+ings, and the burnt-offerings for the sabbaths,
+and for the new-moons, and for the appointed
+feasts, a.s it is written in the law of the Lord.
+
+4 Moreover he said to the people, to
+those who dwelt in Jerusalem, to give the
+portion of the priests and the Levites, in
+order that they might hold firmly to the law
+of the Lord.
+
+5 And when the matter was spread abroad.
+the children of Israel brought in abundance
+
+1003
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXXI. XXXII.
+
+
+the first-fruits of corn, of the new wine, and
+of oil, and of honey, and of all the products
+of the field; and the tithe of all things did
+they bring (likewise) in abundance.
+
+6 And ai? for the children of Israel and
+Judah, that dwelt in the cities of Judah, they
+also brought in the tithe of oxen and sheep,
+and the tithe of holy things which were hal-
+lowed unto the Lord their God, and gave
+(them) by heaps.
+
+7 ^ In the third month did they begin to
+lay the foundation of the heaps, and in the
+seventh month did they finish them.
+
+8 And when Hezekiah and the princes
+came and saw the heaps, they blessed the
+Lord, and his people Israel.-
+
+9 ][ Then made Hezekiah inquiry of the
+priests and the Levites concerning the heaps.
+
+10 Then spoke to him 'Azaryahu the chief
+priest of the house of Zadok, and said. Since
+it was begun to bring the heave-offerings into
+the house of the Lord, there hath been
+enough to eat, and to leave in great abun-
+dance; for the Lord hath blessed his people:
+and that which is left is this great mass.
+
+11 ^ Then ordered Hezekiah to prepare
+chambers in the house of the Lord: and they
+prepared them.
+
+12 And they brought in the heave-offer-
+ings, and the tithes, and the sanctified things,
+in faithfulness : and over them were appoint-
+ed the ruler Conanyahu the Levite, and Shim'i
+his brother the second in rank.
+
+13 And Jechiiil, and 'Azazyahu, and Na-
+chath, and 'Assahel, and Jerimoth, and Joza-
+bad, and Eliel, and Yissmachyahu, and Ma-
+chath, and Benayahu, were overseers under
+the supervision of Conanyahu and Shim'i his
+brother, by the appointment of king Heze-
+'kiah, and 'Azaryahu the ruler of the house
+of God.
+
+14 And Kor6 the son of Yimnah the Le-
+vite, the gatekeeper at the east side, was over
+the freewill-offerings of God, to give (to him)
+the heave-offerings of the Lord, and the most
+holy things.
+
+15 And under his supervision were 'Eden,
+and Minyamin, and Jeshua', and Shema'yahu,
+Amaryahu, and Shechanyahu, in the cities
+of the priests, in faithfulness, to give to their
+brethren after the divisions, equally to the
+great as to the small;
+
+16 Besides (these) to those recorded by
+
+1004
+
+
+their genealogies of males, from three years
+old and upward, of all that entered into the
+house of the Lord, the daily portion on its
+day, for their service in their charges accord-
+ing to their divisions;
+
+17 And likewise to the priests recorded by
+their genealogies after their family divisions,
+and the Levites from twenty years old and
+upward, in their charges by their divisions;
+
+18 And to those recorded by their gene-
+alogies of all their little ones, their wives,
+and their sons, and their daughters, of all the
+assembly; for in their faithfulness they de-
+voted themselves in the sanctuary.
+
+19 Also of the sons of Aaron the priests,
+who were in the fields of the open districts
+of their cities, in each and every city, there
+were men, expressed by name, who had to
+give portions to all the males among the
+priests, and to all that were recorded by their
+genealogies among the Levites.
+
+20 And the like did Hezekiah in all Judah,
+and he did what is good and right and true
+before the Lord his God.
+
+21 And in every work that he began in
+the service of the house of God, and in ire
+law, and in the commandments, to seek his
+God, he acted with all his heart, and pros-
+pered.
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+1 ^ After these things and veritable events
+came Sennacherib the king of Assyria, and
+invaded Judah, and encamped against the
+fortified cities, and thought to break them
+open for himself
+
+2 And when Hezekiah saw that Sennache-
+rib was coming, and that his face (was direct-
+ed) for war against Jerusalem,
+
+3 He consulted with his princes and his
+mighty men to stop up the waters of the
+springs which were without the city: and
+they helped him.
+
+4 And there were gathered together a very
+numerous body of people, and they stopped
+up all the springs, and the brook" that flowed
+through the midst of the land, saying. Why
+should the kings of Assyria come, and find
+much water?
+
+5 Also he strengthened himself, and built
+up all the wall where it was broken down, and
+
+* The Shiloach or Gichon.
+
+
+2 rilRONICLES XXXIT.
+
+
+hei<;;htened'' the towers, and (built) without
+another wall, and fortified the Millo of the
+city of David, and made weapons in abun-
+dance and shields.
+
+6 And he appointed war-officers over the
+people, and gathered them together unto him
+in the open place at the gate of the citj', and
+spoke comfortingly to them, saying,
+
+7 Be strong and of good courage, do not
+fear and be not dismayed because of the king
+of Assyria, and because of all the multitude
+that is with him ; for with us there is One^
+greater than with him :
+
+8 With him there is an arm of flesh ; but
+with us is the Lord our God to help us, and
+to fight our battles. And the people relied
+upon the words of Hezekiah the king of
+Judah.
+
+9 ]| After this did Sennacherib the king
+of Assyria send his servants to Jerusalem,
+while he was himself lying before Lachish,
+and all (the chief troops of) his dominion
+with him, against Hezekiah the king of Ju-
+dah, and against all Judah that were at Jeru-
+salem, saying,
+
+10 Thus hath said Sennacherib the king
+of Assyria, On what do ye trust, that ye re-
+main besieged in Jerusalem?
+
+11 Doth not Hezekiah mislead you to give
+you up to die by famine and by thirst, when
+he saith, The Lord our God will deliver us
+out of the grasp of the king of Assyria?
+
+12 Is it not this Hezekiah that hath re-
+moved his high-places and his altars, when
+he said to Judah and to Jerusalem, saying.
+Before one altar shall ye prostrate yourselves,
+and upon it shall ye burn incense?
+
+13 Know ye not what I have done, I and
+my fathers, unto all the people of (other)
+lands? were the gods of the nations of those
+lands at all able to deliver their land out of
+my hand?
+
+14 Who among all the gods of those na-
+tions that my fathers utterly destroyed, was
+it, that was able to deliver his people out of
+my hand, that your God should be able to de-
+liver you out of my hand ?
+
+15 And now let not Hezekiah deceive you,
+and let him not mislead you in this manner,
+
+
+• Herxheimer. Zunz, "erected towers." Eng. ver.
+'and raised (it) up to the towers."
+^ Zuuz; i. e. God. Others, "there are more with us."
+
+
+nor believe him ; for no god of any nation or
+kingdom whatever was able to delive;- his
+people out of my hand, and out of the liiuid
+of my fathers : how much less will you God.s,
+deliver you out of my hand!
+
+16 And yet more did his servants speak
+against the Lord God, and against his servant
+Hezekiah.
+
+17 He wrote also letters to blaspheme
+against the Lord the God of Israel, and to
+speak against him, saying. As the gods of the
+nations of (other) lands, who have not deliver-
+ed tlieir people out of my hand, so will the
+God of Hezekiah not deliver his people out
+of my hand.
+
+18 Then did they call out with a loud
+voice in the Jewish language unto the people
+of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to frighten
+them, and to terrify them : in order that they
+might capture the city.
+
+19 And they spoke of the God of Jerusa-
+lem, as concerning the gods of the nations of
+the earth, the work of the hands of man.
+
+20 ^ And king Hezekiah and Isaiah the
+son of Amoz the prophet prayed for this
+cause, and they cried to heaven.
+
+21 Tl And the Lord sent an angel, who
+cut off every mighty man of valour and
+leader and captain in the camp of the king
+of Assyria: and when he was returned with
+shame of face to his own land, he went into
+the house of his god, and (those) that were
+come forth from his own bowels felled him
+there with the sword.
+
+22 Thus did the Lord save Hezekiah and
+the inhabitants of Jerusalem out of the hand
+of Sennacherib the king of Assyria, and out
+of the hand of all, and guided them (safely)
+on every side.
+
+23 And many brought presents unto the
+Lord to Jerusalem, and precious things to
+Hezekiah the king of Judah : so that he was
+exalted before the eyes of all the nations after
+that time.
+
+24 Tl In those days fell Hezekiah sick to
+the death; and he prayed unto the Lord:
+and he spoke unto him, and he gave him a
+wonderful token.
+
+25 But not according to the mercy shown
+unto him did Hezekiah act in return; for his
+heart was lifted up: wherefore there came
+wrath over him, and over Judah and Jeruss-
+lem.
+
+1005
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXXTI. XXXIII.
+
+
+26 Then became Hezekiah humbled be-
+cause of the liftmg up of his heart, both he
+and the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and the
+wrath of the Lord came not upon them in
+the days of Hezekiah.
+
+27 And Hezekiah had riches and honour
+in exceeding abundance; and he made him-
+self treasuries for silver, and for gold, and for
+precious stones, and for spices, and for shields,
+and for all manner of costly vessels ;
+
+28 And storehouses for the produce of corn,
+and new wine, and oil ; and stalls for all kinds
+of cattle, and sheepfolds for Hocks.
+
+29 Moreover he erected for himself cities, j
+and (acquired) possessions of flocks and herds
+in multitude; for God had given him wealth
+in great abundance.
+
+30 This same Hezekiah also stopped up
+the upper mouth of the waters of Gichon, and
+brought them straight down to the west side
+of the city of David. And Hezekiah pros-
+pered in all his works.
+
+31 And in the same manner in the busi-
+ness of the ambassadors of the princes of
+Babylon, who sent unto him to inquire con-
+cerning the wonder that had happened in the
+land, God left him, to prove him, to know all
+that was in his heart.
+
+32 •[[ And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah,
+and his pious deeds, behold, they are written
+in the vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, the
+prophet, (and) in the book of the kings of
+Judah and Israel.
+
+33 And Hezekiah slept with his fathers,
+and they buried him in the highest place of
+the sepulchres of the sons of David : and all
+Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem
+showed him honour at his death. And Me-
+nasseh his son became king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+1 Tj Twelve years old was Menasseh when
+he became king, and fifty and five years did
+he reign in Jerusalem.
+
+2 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, after the abominable acts of the
+nations whom the Lord had driven out from
+before the children of Isi-ael.
+
+3 And he built again the high-places which
+Hezekiah his father had broken down, and
+he erected altars for the Be'alim, and made
+Asheroth, and bowed himself down to all the
+host of heaven, and served them.
+
+1006
+
+
+4 And he built altars in the house of the
+Lord, whereof the Lord had said, In Jerusa-
+lem shall my name be for ever.
+
+5 And he built altars for all the host of
+heaven in the two courts of the house of the
+Lord.
+
+6 And he caused his children to pass
+through the fire in the valley of Ben-hin-
+nom; he also observed times, and employed
+enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt
+with (those of) a familiar spirit, and with
+wizards : he did much that is evil in the eyes
+of the Lord, to provoke him to anger.
+
+7 And he placed a carved image of the
+idol which he had made in the house of God,
+of which God had said to David and to Solo-
+mon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem,
+which I have made choice of out of all the
+tribes of Israel, will I place my name for ever.
+
+8 11 Nor will I any more remove the foot
+of Israel from oft' the land which I have ap-
+pointed for your fathers; but only if the}'
+will take heed to do all that I have com-
+manded them, according to the whole law
+and the statutes and the ordinances by the
+hand of Moses.
+
+9 But Menasseh led Judah and the in-
+habitants of Jerusalem astray, to do worse
+than the nations whom the Lord had de-
+stroyed from before the children of Israel.
+
+10 ^ And the Lord spoke to Menasseh,
+and to his people; but they listened not.
+
+11 Wherefore the Lord brought over them
+the captains of the army belonging to the
+king of Assyria: and they took Menasseh
+prisoner with chains, and bound him with
+fetters, and led him off to Babylon.
+
+12 And when he was in distress, lie be-
+sought the Lord his God, and humbled him-
+self greatly before the God of his fathers,
+
+13 And he prayed unto him, and he per-
+mitted himself to be entreated by him, and
+heard his supplication, and brought him back
+to Jerusalem, unto his kingdom. Then did
+Menasseh feel conscious that the Lord is in-
+deed the (true) God.
+
+14 And after this he built a wall without
+the city of David, on the west side of Gichon,
+in the valley, even to the entrance of the
+fish-gate, and about the hill-fort, and raised it
+up to a very great height; and he place;!
+captains of the army in all the fortified cities
+of Judah.
+
+
+2 CHRONirLES XXXIII. XXXIV.
+
+
+15 And he removed the strange gods and
+the idol out of the house of the Lord, and
+all the altars that he had l)uilt on the mount
+of the house of the Lokd, and in Jerusa-
+lem, and he cast them forth to without the
+
+fit}'-
+
+16 And he rebuilt the altar of the Lord,
+and sacrificed thereupon peace-ofterings and
+thanksgiving-offerings, and he ordered Judah
+to serve the Lord tlie God of Israel.
+
+17 Nevertheless the people sacrificed on
+the high-places, but only unto the Lord their
+God.
+
+18 And the rest of the acts of Menasseh,
+and his prater unto his God, and the words
+of the seers that spoke to him in the name
+of the Lord the God of Israel, behold, they
+are in the history of the kings of Israel.
+
+T^ His pra3er also, and (how God) was
+entreated of him, and all liis sins and his
+foithlessness, and the places whereon he built
+high-places, and set up tiie Asherim and
+the graven images, before he was humbled :
+behold, they are written in the history of
+Chozai.
+
+20 And Menasseh slept with his fathers,
+and they buried him in his own house. And
+Amon his son became king in his stead.
+
+21 ^ Two and twenty years old was Amon
+when he became king, and two years did he
+reign in Jerusalem. \
+
+22 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord, as Menasseh his father had done;
+and unto all the carved images which Menas-
+seh his father had made did Amon sacrifice,
+and them he served;
+
+23 But he did not humble himself before
+the Lord, as Menasseh his father had hum-
+bled himself; for he. Amon, made his guilti-
+ness great.
+
+24 And his servants conspired against
+him, and put him to death in his own house.
+
+25 But the people of the land slew all
+those that had conspired against king Amon ;
+and the people of the land made Josiah his
+son king in his stead.
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+1 ^ Eight years old was Josiah when he
+became king, and thirty and one years did
+he reign in Jerusalem.
+
+2 And he did what is right in the eyes of
+t!ie TjORD, and walked in the wa3'S of David
+
+
+his father, and turned not aside to the rii;!it
+or to the left.
+
+3 ^ And in the eighth year of his reign,
+while he was yet a lad. he l)egan to seek after
+the God of David his fether; and in the
+twelfth 3ear he l)egan to purify Judah and
+Jerusalem from the high-places, and the
+Asherim. and the carved images, and the
+molten images.
+
+4 And the}' broke down in his presence the
+altars of the Be'alim; and the sun-images,
+that were set above them, he cut down; and
+the Asherim, and the carved images, and the
+molten images, he broke in pieces, and ground
+down, and strewed (the same) upon the
+graves of those that had sacrificed unto them.
+
+5 And the bones of priests did he burn
+upon their altars; and he purified Judah and
+Jerusalem.
+
+• 6 And (so did he) in the cities of Menas-
+seh. and Pjphraim. and Simeon, even as far as
+Naphtali. witli their mattocks." round about.
+
+7 And when he had broken down the
+altars and had beaten the Asherim and the
+graven images into powder, and cut down all
+the sun-images throughout all the land of
+Israel, he returned to Jerusalem.
+
+8 Tl And in the eighteenth year of his
+reign, when he had purified the land and
+the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azal-
+yahu, and Ma'asseyahu the governor of the
+city, and Joach the son of Joachaz the re-
+corder, to repair the house of the Lord his
+God.
+
+9 And the}' came to Chilkiyahu the high-
+priest, and gave up the money that had been
+brought into the house of God, which the
+Levites that watched at the threshold had
+gathered from the liand of Menasseh and
+Ephraim, and from all the remnant of Israel,
+and from all Judali and Benjamin, and were
+returned to Jerusalem, —
+
+10 And they delivered it into the hand of
+those who overlooked the workmen that had
+been appointed as overseers of the house of
+the Lord: and those who overlooked the
+workmen, who did the work in the house of
+the Lord, gave it out, to repair and to restore
+the house;
+
+11 And they gave it to the carpenters and
+to the builders, to buy hewn stone, and tim-
+
+
+* Zunz, "in their ruins."
+
+
+1007
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXXIV.
+
+
+ber tor joists, and to lay the beams in the
+houses which the kings of Judah had de-
+stroyed.
+
+12 And the men acted faithfully in the
+work : and over them were appointed Jachath
+and 'Obadyahu, the Levites, of the sons of
+Merari; and Zechariah and Meshullam, of
+the sons of the Kehathites, to supervise ; and
+every one of these Levites was skilful on in-
+struments of music.
+
+13 They were also over the bearers of bur-
+dens, and supervisors over all that did the
+work in every manner of service : and from
+the Levites there were also scribes, and of-
+ficers, and gatekeepers.
+
+14 And when they took out the money that
+had been brought into the hou,se of the Lokd,
+Chilkiyahu the priest found the book of the
+law of the Lord through the hand of Moses.
+
+15 Then commenced Chilkiyahu and said
+to Shaphan the scribe, The book of the law
+have I found in the house of the Lord. And
+Chilkiyahu gave the book to Shaphan.
+
+16 And Shaphan carried the book to the
+king, and brought the king also word back
+again, saying, All that was put in the hand
+of thy servants, have they truly done.
+
+17 And they have taken out the money
+that was found in the house of the Lord, and
+have delivered it into the hand of the ap-
+pointed overseers, and into the hand of those
+who overlook the workmen.
+
+18 Then told Shaphan the scribe the king,
+saying, A book hath Chilkiyahu the priest
+given me. And Shaphan read in it before
+the king.
+
+19 And it came to pass, when the king
+heard the words of the law, that he rent his
+clothes.
+
+20 And the king commanded Qiilkiyahu,
+and Achikam the son of Shaphan, and 'Ab-
+don the son of Michah, and Shaphan the
+scribe, and 'Assayah a servant of the king's,
+saying,
+
+21 Go ye, inquire of the Lord in my be-
+half, and in behalf of those that are left in
+Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of
+the book that hath been found; for great is
+the fury of the Lord that is poured out against
+us, because our iathers did not keep the word
+of the Lord, to do in accordance with all that
+is written in this book.
+
+22 ^ Then went Chilkiyahu with tho.se
+
+1008
+
+
+whom the king (had appointed), to Chuldah
+the prophetess, the wife of Shall um the son
+of Thokhath, the son of Chassrah, the keeper
+of the wardrobe ; — now she dwelt in Jerusa-
+lem in the suburb; — and they spoke to her
+in that wise.
+
+23 And she said unto them. Thus hath
+said the Lord the God of Israel, Say unto the
+man that hath sent you to me,
+
+24 ][ Thus hath said the Lord, Behold, I
+will bring evil upon this place, and upon its
+inhabitants, all the curses that are written in
+the book which they have read before the
+king of Judah ;
+
+25 Because they have forsaken me, and
+have burnt incense unto other gods, in order
+to provoke me to anger with all the works
+of their hands: therefore is ray fury poured
+out upon this place, and it shall not be
+quenched.
+
+26 And with respect to the king of Judah,
+who sendeth you to inquire of the Lord, thus
+shall ye say to him, Thus hath said the Lord
+the God of Israel, Concerning the words which
+thou hast heard;
+
+27 Because thy heart was tender, and thou
+didst humble thyself before God, when thou
+heardst his words against this place, and
+against its inhabitants, and didst humble thy-
+self before me, and rend thy clothes, and weep
+before me: I have also truly heard it, saith
+the Lord.
+
+28 Behold, I will gather thee unto thy
+fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy
+graves in peace, and thy eyes shall not look
+on all the evil which I am bringing over this
+place, and over its inhabitants. And they
+brought the king word again.
+
+29 Tl And the king sent and gathered to-
+gether all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.
+
+30 And the king went up into the house
+of the Lord, with all the men of Judah, and
+the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the priests,
+and the Levites, and all the people, from the
+great to the small; and he read before their
+ears all the words of the book of the cove-
+nant which had been found in the house of
+the Lord.
+
+31 And the king stood up on his stand,
+and he made a covenant before the Lord, to
+walk after the Lord, and to keep his com-
+mandments, and his testimonies, and his sta-
+tutes, with all liis heart and with all hia
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXXIV. XXXV.
+
+
+soul, to perforin the words of the covenant
+that are written in this book.
+
+32 And he caused to accede to it every
+one that was present in Jerusalem and Benjar
+min. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem acted
+in accordance with the covenant of God, the
+God of their fathers.
+
+33 And Josiah removed all the abomina-
+tions out of all the countries that belonged to
+the children of Israel, and caused all that
+were present in Israel to serve, even to serve
+the Lord their God. All his days did they
+not depart from following the Lord the God
+of their fiithers.
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+1 ^ And Josiah kept in Jerusalem the
+passover unto the Lord: and they slaughter-
+ed the passover-sacrifice on the fourteenth
+day of the first month.
+
+2 And he placed the priests in their
+charges, and strengthened them for the ser-
+vice of the house of the Lord.
+
+3 And he said unto the Levites that in-
+structed all Israel, who were holy unto the
+Lord, Set the holy ark in the house which
+Solomon the son of David the king of Israel
+did build; you have not to carry it any more
+upon your shoulders: now serve the Lord
+your God, and his people Israel.
+
+4 And prepare yourselves by 3'our family
+divisions, according to your courses, after the
+written order of David the king of Israel, and
+after the written order of Solomon his son ;
+
+5 And stand in the holy place according
+to the divisions of the family divisions of
+your brethren the sons of the people, and
+after the division of the families of the Le-
+vites ;
+
+6 And slaughter the passover-sacrifice, and
+sanctify yourselves, and prepare it for your
+brethren, to do according to the word of the
+Lord by the hand of Moses.
+
+7 ^ And Josiah set apart for the sons of
+the people, of the flock, lambs and kids, all
+for the passover-sacrifices, for all that were
+present, to the number of thirty thousand,
+and of steers three thousand : these were of
+the king's property.
+
+8 ^ And his princes set apart (much) as a
+freewill gift for the people, for the priests,
+and for the Levites : Chilkiyah, and Zechar-
+yahu, and Jechiel, the rulers of the house of
+
+«B
+
+
+God, gave unto the priests for the passover-
+sacrifices two thousand and six hundred
+(lambs and kids), and three hundred steers.
+
+9 And Conanyahu, and Shenia'yahu and
+Nethanel, his brothers, and Chashabyahu and
+Je'iel and Jozabad, the chiefs of the Levites,
+set apart unto the Levites for passover-sacri-
+fices five thousand (lambs and kids), and li\e
+hundred steers.
+
+10 |[ So the service was established, and
+the priests stood on their station, and the Le-
+vites in their divisions, according to the king's
+command.
+
+11 And they slaughtered the passover-
+sacrifice, and the priests sprinkled (the blood
+received) from their hands, and the Levites
+did the flaying.
+
+12 And they removed the burnt-offerings to
+give them to the divisions of the family divi-
+sions of the sons of the peo}: le, to off'er (them)
+unto the Lord, as it is written in the book of
+Moses. And so did they with the steers.
+
+13 And they roasted the passover by the fire
+in accordance with the prescribed manner;
+but the holy off'erings they seethed in pots, and
+in caldrons, and in pans, and divided them
+speedily among all the sons of the people.
+
+14 And afterward they prepared for them-
+selves, and for the priests ; because the priests
+the sons of Aaron (were busied) in offering
+the burnl>offerings and the fat until night :
+thei'efore the Levites prepared for themselves
+and for the priests the sons of Aaron.
+
+15 And the singers the sons of Assaph
+were on their station, according to the com-
+mand of David, and Asgaph, and Heman,
+and Jeduthun the king's seer; and the gate-
+keepers were at every gate: they had no
+need to depart from their service; because
+their brethren the Levites prepared for them.
+
+16 So was established all the service of
+the Lord on the same day, to prepare the
+passover-saci'ifice, and to offer burnt-offerings
+upon the altar of the Lord, according to the
+command of king Josiah.
+
+17 And the children of Israel that were
+present prepared the passover-sacrifice at that
+time, and (kept) the feast of unleavened
+bread seven days.
+
+18 And there was not holden any passover
+like this in Israel from the days of Samuel
+the prophet ; and all the kings of Israel did
+
+not keep such a passover as Josiah kept, with
+
+:oo9
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXXV. XXXVI.
+
+
+the priests, aud the Levites, and all Judah
+and Israel that were present, and the inhar
+bitauts of Jerusalem.
+
+19 T[ In the eighteenth year of the reign
+of Josiah was this passover holden.
+
+20 After all this, when Josiah had restored
+the temple, came up Necho the king of Egypt
+to fight against Karkemish by the Euphrates,
+and Josiah went out against him.
+
+21 But he sent ambassadors to him, say-
+ing, What have I to do with thee, thou king
+of Judah? I come not against thee this day,
+but against the house" wherewith I have war,
+and God hath commanded me to make haste:
+forbear thee from meddling with God who is
+with me, that he may not destro}- thee.
+
+22 Nevertheless did Josiah not turn his
+face away from him, but disguised'' himself,
+to fight with him, and hearkened not unto
+the words of Necho from the mouth of God ;
+and he came to fight in the valley of Megiddo.
+
+23 And the archers shot at king Josiah:
+and the king said to his servants. Carry me
+away; for I am sorely wounded.
+
+24 And his servants carried him away
+out of that chariot, and conveyed him in
+the second chariot that he had; and they
+brought him to Jerusalem, and he died, and
+was buried in the sepulchres of his fathers.
+And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for
+Josiah.
+
+25 ^ And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah ;
+and all the singing men and the singing
+Avomen spoke of Josiah in their lamentations
+to this day, and they instituted them as a
+custom in Israel: and, behold, they are writ-
+ten in the lamentations.
+
+26 And the I'est of the acts of Josiah, and
+his pious deeds, in accordance with what is
+Avritten in the law of the Lord,
+
+27 And his acts, the first and the last,
+behold, they are written in the book of the
+kings of Israel and Judah.
+
+CHAPTER XXXVL
+
+1 Tl And the people of the land took
+Jehoachaz the son of Josiah, and made him
+king in his father's stead in Jerusalem.
+
+2 Twenty and three years old was Jo-
+
+
+• i. e. The rojal house — that of Assyria, with whom the
+Egyptians had frequent wars.
+' Zunz, "he persisted to fight."
+1010
+
+
+achaz when he became king, and three
+months did he reign in Jerusalem.
+
+3 And the king of Egypt deposed him at
+Jerusalem, and imposed a fine on the land of
+a hundred talents of silver and a talent of
+gold.
+
+4 And the king of Egypt made Elyakim
+his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem,
+and changed his name to Jehoyakim. And
+Joachaz his brother did Necho take away,
+and bring him to Egypt.
+
+5 ^ Twenty and five years old was Jehoya-
+kim when he became king, and eleven years
+did he reign in Jerusalem ; and he did what
+is evil in the eyes of the Lord his God.
+
+6 Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar
+the king of Babylon, and he bound him with
+fetters, to carry him away to Babylon.
+
+7 And some of the vessels of the house of
+the Lord did Nebuchadnezzar carry to Baby-
+lon, and he placed them in his temple at
+Babylon.
+
+8 And the rest of the acts of Jehoyakim,
+and his abominable deeds which he did, and
+that which was found concerning him, be-
+hold, they are written in the book of the
+kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoyachin
+his son became king in his stead.
+
+9 ^ Eight" years old was Jehoyachin when
+he became king, and three months and ten
+days did he reign in Jerusalem; and he did
+what is evil in the eyes of the Lord.
+
+10 And with the expiration of the year
+did king Nebuchadnezzar send, and had him
+brought to Babylon, with the costly vessels of
+the house of the Lord: and he made Zedekiah
+his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem.
+
+11 *[[ Twenty and one years old was Zede-
+kiah when he became king, and eleven years
+did he reign in Jerusalem.
+
+12 And he did what is evil in the eyes of
+the Lord his God: he humbled himself not
+before Jeremiah the prophet, according to the
+order of the Lord.
+
+13 And also against king Nebuchadnezzar
+did he rebel, who had made him swear by
+God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened
+his heart so as not to return unto the Lord
+the God of Israel.
+
+
+° In 2 Kings xxiv. 8, we have "eighteen." R^dak
+suggests that perhaps his father made him assistant ruler
+when he was only eight years old.
+
+
+2 CHRONICLES XXXVI.
+
+
+14 Also all the chiefs of the priests and
+the people committed manifold trespasses,
+like all the abominable acts of the (foreign)
+nations; and they defiled the house of the
+Lord which he had hallowed in Jerusalem.
+
+15 And the Loed the God of their fathers
+sent to them by means of his messengers,
+making (them) rise early, and sending
+(them) ; because he had compassion on his
+people, and on his dwelling-place;
+
+16 But they mocked at the messengers of
+God, and despised his words, and scorned
+his prophets, until the fury of the Lord
+arose against his people, till there was no
+remed3^
+
+17 And he brought over them the king of
+the Chaldeans, who slew their young men
+with the sword in the house of their sanc-
+tuary, and had no compassion upon young
+man or virgin, the old man, and the aged :
+all did he give into up into his hand.
+
+18 T[ And all the vessels of the house of
+God, the great and the small, and the trea-
+sures of the house of the Lord, and the trea-
+sures of the king and of his princes, — all
+these did he carry to Babylon.
+
+19 And they burnt the house of God,
+and broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and
+all her palaces they burnt with fire, and all
+
+
+her costly vessels they gave up to destruc-
+tion.
+
+20 And those that had escaped from the
+sword did he carry into exile to Babylon ;
+and they were servants to him and to his sons
+until the kingdom of Persia came to the
+government:
+
+21 To fulfil the word of the Lord by the
+mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had satis-
+fied its sabbaths;" all the days of its desola-
+tion it rested, till seventy years wei'e com-
+pleted.
+
+22 ^ And in the first year of Cyrus the
+king of Persia, at the completion of the word
+of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, did
+the Lord stir up the spirit of Cyrus the king
+of Persia, so that lie caused a proclamation
+to be made throughout all his kingdom, and
+also by means of writing, saying,
+
+23 Thus hath said C3'rus the king of Per-
+sia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the
+Lord the God of heaven given me; and he
+hath charged me to build him a house in
+Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever
+there is among you. of all his people, may
+the Lord his God be with him, and let him
+go up.
+
+
+• See Lev. xxvi. 34.
+
+
+lOU
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+muij
+
+
+/
+
+
+i
+
+
+73irtfi4.
+
+
+7Jeatfi4,
+
+
+w^ %^s
+
+
+7.
+
+
+f
+
+
+J
+
+