A comprehensive guide to rules, laws and regulations regarding driving a motorized vehicle in the State of New Jersey.THE NEW JERSEYDRIVER MANUAL
www.njmvc.gov

WELCOME TO DRIVING IN  NEW JERSEY!The New Jersey Driver Manual will help you learn and understand safe driving practices. This manual provides valuable information that you will need to pass the knowledge portion of New Jersey’s driver test. The manual will offer you important safety information

safety information that can help you become a safe, courteous and aware driver.If you already have a New Jersey driver license, this manual can help you refresh your knowledge and provide an update for new laws and rules of the road.Please remember: DRIVING IS A PRIVILEGE, NOT A RIGHT.The

NOT A RIGHT.The information contained in this manual should be used as a general guide to the rules of driving a motor vehicle but not as a substitute for the actual laws. If there is a discrepancy between what is cited in this manual and what is in statute or regulation, the statute or regulation

or regulation governs. This manual is not a legal reference for New Jersey motor vehicle and trafﬁc laws.You can access the Driver Manual on the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission (MVC) website www.njmvc.gov.This MVC Driver Manual is available at no additional cost.Table of Contents

PAGEThe New Jersey Driver License System02New Jersey Driver Testing28Driver Responsibility38Safe Driving Rules & Regulations60Defensive Driving88Drinking, Drugs & Health112Driver Privileges & Penalties120Sharing the Road with Others142Vehicle Information156Motorcycle Manual162APPENDICESDriver

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUALTHE  NEW JERSEY DRIVER  LICENSE SYSTEM 104 : Laws Governing Driver Licenses06 : Digital Driver License06 : Types Of New Jersey Licenses09 : 6 Point ID Veriﬁcation14 : Graduated Driver License (GDL)19 : Special Learner Permits for New Jersey Residents20 : Examination

: Examination Permits for New Jersey Residents21 : Examination Permits for Out-of-State Drivers21 : Examination Permits for Out-of-Country Drivers22 : International Driving Permit (IDP)22 : Non-Driver ID22 : Organ Donation23 : Next-Of-Kin Registry (Sara’s Law)24 : Motor Voter24 : Hearing-Impaired

: Hearing-Impaired Designation24 : Commercial Driver License (CDL)

DRIVER LICENSE SYSTEM03Laws Governing Driver Licenses •A motorist who operates a motor vehicle in the State of New Jersey must carry a valid driver license, a valid probationary license or a validated New Jersey permit. The motorist must also carry valid insurance and vehicle registration cards.

registration cards. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-29) •A motorist with a validated New Jersey driver permit must be accompanied by an appropriately licensed driver. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-13,  39:3-13.2a) •A motorist who is a legal resident of New Jersey must be licensed in this state. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-10, 39:3-17.1) •A

39:3-17.1) •A motorist who changes addresses must report this change to the MVC within one week after moving. This includes individuals who are moving out of New Jersey. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-36) •A motorist who legally changes his/her name (marriage, divorce, order of court) must report the change to the

the change to the MVC within two weeks. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-9a) •A motorist with a valid out-of-state license who moves to New Jersey must apply for a New Jersey license within 60 days (commercial driver license–CDL–within 30 days) or before the current license expires, whichever is sooner. The

is sooner. The out-of-state license must be surrendered prior to receiving a New Jersey license.  (N.J.S.A. 39:3-17.1, 39:3-10.17, 39:5D-5) •A motorist who is a foreign national with a valid license from another country may drive with that license for up to a year; the motorist may also be eligible

also be eligible for a New Jersey driver license. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-10) •Operators of commercial vehicles, such as large trucks, buses and vehicles that transport hazardous materials, must satisfy more stringent testing standards than the drivers of automobiles or motorcycles. These operators must

operators must still possess a valid, basic New Jersey driver license prior to applying for a CDL. (N.J.S.A.39:3-10.7) •Individuals who have never had a driver license must complete the MVC’s Graduated Driver License (GDL) Program, which introduces driving privileges in phases with a period of

with a period of supervised driving before getting a basic driver license. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-10, 39:3-13 through 39:3-13.8) •All applicants for a New Jersey driver license who are under 18 years of age must present a completed consent form signed by a parent or guardian. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-13 and

39:3-13 and 39:3-13.3) •All applicants for a New Jersey driver license must provide a full name, current address, Social Security number, 6 Points of ID Veriﬁcation and other documentation that veriﬁes that their presence in the United States is authorized under federal law. Documents must be in

must be in English or be accompanied by an approved translation. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-9a, 39:3-10 and N.J.A.C. 13:21-1.1, 13:21-1.2, 13:21-1.3, 13:21-8.2) •Drivers under age 21 who possess an examination permit or probationary license shall not operate a motor vehicle without displaying two visible

two visible reﬂective GDL decals, which are provided by the Motor Vehicle Commission, on the license plates of the vehicle. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-13, 39:3-13.2a and 39:3-13-4f)Disclaimer: If there is a discrepancy between what is cited in this manual and what is in statute or regulation, the statute or

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVDigital Driver LicenseIn 2011, New Jersey began issuing the next generation of security-enhanced digital driver license (DDL). The DDL, along with new facial recognition technology, helps to prevent identity theft and ensures that only those

that only those individuals who are legally entitled to have a driver license may get one. The DDL has more than 20 covert and overt features and is issued to all customers at the MVC agencies statewide. Motorists under 21 years of age are issued a distinctive vertical-format driver license. Driver

license. Driver licenses are valid for four years.Altering a driver license or presenting an altered driver license may result in the loss of a motorist’s driving privilege, a ﬁne up to $1,100 and/or imprisonment. Additionally, obtaining a driver license illegally may result in a ﬁne up to $500

in a ﬁne up to $500 and/or imprisonment.Types Of New Jersey LicensesThe following chart shows age requirements, license fees and required tests for each type of license the MVC offers. Testing for commercial and moped licenses requires the use of topic-speciﬁc manuals in addition to this driver and

to this driver and motorcycle manual. Copies of the commercial and moped manuals may be obtained at any MVC agency, viewed online or requested at www.njmvc.gov. Manuals may also be obtained by calling (609) 292-6500.An endorsement added to a license will expire with the license. When an endorsement

When an endorsement is added to an existing license, the charge for the endorsement is prorated to cover the period remaining until expiration.Basic Automobile LicenseExpiration:4 YearsFor all types of Class D motor vehicles registered by the MVC, except motorcycles.Minimum Age:18 (Permit:

Age:18 (Permit: 16)Permit Fee:$10Photo License Fee:$24Test(s) Required:KVR1Probationary Automobile LicenseExpiration:4 YearsFor all types of Class D motor vehicles registered by the MVC, except motorcycles.Minimum Age:17Permit Fee:$10+$4 decalsPhoto License Fee:$63Test(s) Required:KVR1Commercial

Driver LicenseExpiration:4 YearsFor large trucks, buses and vehicles (Classes A, B and C).Minimum Age:18/214Permit Fee:$1255Photo License Fee:$42+$2Test(s) Required:CKVR1Motorcycle LicenseExpiration:4 YearsFor most vehicles with fewer than four wheels (Class E). Issued as a separate license or as

license or as an endorsement (M) if the individual already holds a basic New Jersey driver license.Minimum Age:17Permit Fee:$5Photo License Fee:$24 or $186Test(s) Required:KVR1Probationary Motorcycle LicenseExpiration:4 YearsFor most vehicles with fewer than four wheels (Class E). Issued as a

E). Issued as a separate license or as an endorsement (M) if the individual already holds a basic New Jersey driver license.Minimum Age:17Permit Fee:$10+$4 decalsPhoto License Fee:$63Test(s) Required:KVR1per  endorsement

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVMoped License Expiration:4 Years2 For unlicensed motorists 15 years of age and older. Not needed if operator has a Class A, B, C, D or E license.Minimum Age:15Permit Fee:$5Photo License Fee:$6Test(s) Required:KVR1Agricultural License Expiration:4

Expiration:4 Years2For farming purposes only. May be granted to persons between 16 and 17 years old.Minimum Age:16Permit Fee:$10Photo License Fee:$6Test(s) Required:KVR1Boat LicenseExpiration:4 YearsFor individuals 16 years of age and older, who operate a motorboat on fresh, non-tidal waters, such

waters, such as lakes, creeks or rivers, that are not affected by tidal conditions. All persons who wish to operate a power vessel must possess a Boating Safety Certiﬁcate and present it when applying for a boat license. For more information about New Jersey boating requirements, visit the State

visit the State Police Marine Services website at www.state.nj.us/njsp/maritime/index.html. (N.J.S.A. 12:7-61.1)Minimum Age:16Permit Fee:n/aPhoto License Fee:$18Test(s) Required:n/a non-tidal waters only

1 K-Knowledge, V-Vision, R-Road, C-Commercial2 Or until a basic license is obtained at 18 years of age. 3 Motorist must return to agency in one year to have license upgraded. Fee is $18.00.4 CDL applicants must be at least 18 years old. Applicants under 21 may travel only in New Jersey (intrastate,

Jersey (intrastate, not interstate) and may not receive HAZMAT or passenger endorsements. 5 Out-of-state CDL transfer fees are $10.6 Class E endorsements are $24; Class M endorsements are $18.6 Point ID VerificationPer N.J.A.C. 13:21-8.2, all New Jersey driver license applicants must complete 6

must complete 6 Point ID Veriﬁcation by presenting documents that prove their age, identity, and legal presence in the U.S. All applicants must prove identity through a prescribed combination of documents that includes: •At least one primary document. •At least one secondary document. •At least six

•At least six points of ID. •Proof of address.Use the chart on the following pages to select your documents, or use the online Document Selector at www.state.nj.us/mvc/license/docselector/index.htm.If discrepancies exist within or between documents presented to the MVC, the applicant may be

applicant may be required to provide additional documentation. Any permit or license application may be refused if a document appears altered, false or otherwise invalid.A non-citizen must submit proof of continued legal presence in the United States. The MVC may accept other documents proving

documents proving identity, date of birth and continued legal presence. Documents must be provided in English.A motorist referred for a conference due to identiﬁcation issues will be required to provide an original or certiﬁed copy of his/her civil birth certiﬁcate if a U.S. citizen. Passports will

Passports will not be accepted. Non-U.S. citizens may be asked for additional identiﬁcation documents.For assistance with 6 Point ID Veriﬁcation, visit www.njmvc.gov or call (609) 292-6500.Note: Fees in this manual are subject to change. Current fees are available online at www.njmvc.gov or by

09DRIVER LICENSE SYSTEM
THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVREQUIREMENTS: •At Least One Primary Document •At Least One Secondary Document •Total Documents Must Be Worth 6 Points Or MoreYOU ALSO NEED •Veriﬁable Social Security Number •Proof of Address

If your current legal name is different from the name on your civil birth certiﬁcate, you must show legal proof of the name change. Legal proof = certiﬁed marriage or civil union certiﬁcate, divorce decree or court order linking the new name with the previous name. Note: A divorce decree may be

decree may be used as authority to resume using a previous name only if it contains the married name and the previous name and permits a return to use of the previous name. All ID documents must be unlaminated, original or certiﬁed copies, in English and have the required state or municipal seal.

or municipal seal. Certiﬁed copies of NJ records are available from the municipality that originally issued them and from the State Bureau of Vital Statistics at www.nj.gov/health/vital or (609) 292-4087.  If your birth certiﬁcate is from Jersey City/Hudson County you must check:

you must check: www.state.nj.us/health/vital/order-vital/jersey-city-hudson-county-recordsAdditional requirements may apply for non-US citizens; call (609) 292-6500.❖ IMPORTANT INFORMATION1       CHOOSE PRIMARY DOCUMENTSYOU MUST SHOW AT LEAST ONE OF THESEUS CitizensNon-Citizens4-POINT

DOCUMENTS:4-POINT DOCUMENTS:US or US Territory birth certiﬁcate or certiﬁed copy ﬁled with a state ofﬁce of vital statistics or equivalent agency in the individual’s state of birth.❖ Foreign passport with USCIS veriﬁcation and valid record of arrival/departure  (Form I-94) US Department of State

Department of State birth certiﬁcate  (Form FS-545 or DS-1350)Foreign passport with USCIS veriﬁcation and valid Form I-551 stamp US Department of State Consular Report of Birth Abroad (Form FS-240)Current Permanent Resident Card with expiration date (new Form I-551) and veriﬁcation from USCIS US

from USCIS US passport or passport card,  current or expired less than 3 yearsRefugee travel document (Form I-571) NJ driver license, current or expired less than 3 years (includes boat and motorcycle)US re-entry permit (Form I-327) NJ non-driver ID card, current or expired less than 3 yearsValid

than 3 yearsValid I-94 stamped “Refugee,” “Parolee,” “Asylee” or “Notice of Action” (Form I-797 approved petition) by USCIS Valid active duty US military photo ID card Valid I-94 with attached photo stamped “Processed for I-551…” by USCISUS adoption papers3-POINT DOCUMENT:Certiﬁcate of

of Naturalization  (Form N-550, N-570 or N-578)Current photo employment authorization card (Form I-688B or I-766). Must be presented with valid Social Security card.Certiﬁcate of Citizenship  (Form N-560, N-561 or N-645)2-POINT DOCUMENTS:Current Permanent Resident Card without expiration date (old

date (old Form I-551) and with INS or USCIS veriﬁcationPhoto temporary resident card  (Form I-688)

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOV2   CHOOSE SECONDARY DOCUMENTSYOU MUST SHOW AT LEAST ONE OF THESE4-POINT DOCUMENTS:1-POINT DOCUMENTS: Valid NJ driver license  (non-US citizens only)You can not use more than two of theseCurrent PHOTO driver license from any other state, the District

state, the District of Columbia, or a US territory Probationary license with photo  (non-US citizens only)Social Security card (or other proof of SSN)3-POINT DOCUMENTS:Bank statement or recordCivil marriage, domestic partnership or civil union certiﬁcate issued by the municipality or state in which

or state in which the ceremony occurred (Please note: Certiﬁcates issued by religious entities and photocopies are not acceptable) Debit/credit card with preprinted name and applicant’s signature (Please note: A debit card and bank statement cannot be submitted together) Order or decree of divorce,

decree of divorce, dissolution or termination❖ (See page 10) Current health insurance card or prescription card displaying applicant’s name Court order for a legal name change, signed by a judge or court clerk Employee ID card presented with printed pay stub issued within the past year Current US

year Current US military dependent card State professional license US military photo retiree card NJ public assistance card with photo  (also known as an NJ Social Services ID card) Valid NJ ﬁrearm purchaser cardHigh school diploma, GED or college diploma 2-POINT DOCUMENTS:Property tax statement,

tax statement, bill or receipt issued by an NJ municipalityUS school photo ID card with transcript or school records For NJ high school students: a waiver certiﬁcate for the written portion of the driver’s test US college photo ID card with transcriptValid federal or NJ government employee driver

employee driver license Veterans Affairs universal access photo ID cardValid federal or NJ government employee photo ID cardUS military discharge papers (DD214)FAA pilot license3 CHOOSE  PROOF OF ADDRESS4 SOCIAL  SECURITY NUMBERYou must also present proof of residential address, which may be, but

which may be, but is not limited to, ONE of theseYou must present proof of address showing your name, such as the following. These documents may also serve as 1 pointUtility or credit card bill issued in the past 90 days that shows your name at your current addressNote:  Mail addressed to PO Boxes

to PO Boxes is not accepted as proof of address (N.J.S.A. 39:3-9b)Social Security card (no copies or laminated)W-2 form issued within the past yearSSA-1099 form issued within the past yearChecking or savings account statement from a bank or credit union, issued within the past 60 daysPay stub with

daysPay stub with your name and full Social Security number issued within the past yearNon-SSA-1099 form issued within the past yearHigh school or college report card or transcript containing your address, issued within the past two yearsADD UP POINTSPRIMARY ________+SECONDARY _____TOTAL

_____Must equal 6 or more pointsOriginal lease or rental agreement showing your name as the lessee or renterProperty tax bill, statement or receipt from the past yearAny letter or correspondence (including tax bills) received from the IRS or state tax ofﬁce in the past yearFirst-class

yearFirst-class mail received from any federal, state or local government agency in the past six monthsIf you are under 18, we will accept a written statement from a parent or guardian that certiﬁes you are living with that parent or guardian along with a copy of their current driver license or

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVGraduated Driver License (GDL)In 2001, New Jersey sought to enhance driver preparation and safety by implementing a multi-stage driver licensing system. Known as the Graduated Driver License (GDL) Program, the system gradually introduces driving

introduces driving privileges to ﬁrst-time drivers, extends their practice driving time and requires a minimum age of 18 in order to receive an unrestricted, basic driver license. GDL restrictions placed upon ﬁrst-time drivers must be strictly adhered to. Failure to do so may result in a ﬁne of

result in a ﬁne of $100 or suspension of a motorist’s driving privilege.  (N.J.S.A. 39:3-10 and 39:3-13 through 39:13.8)

THE EARLY BIRD ROADGDL: OPTION ASTEP 1:Get a Special Learner Permit• Must be at least 16 years old• Must have signed parent or guardian consent•  Must be enrolled in approved behind-the-wheel driver training course through the N.J. Department of Education or commercial driving school•  An approved

An approved instructor must purchase the permit•  Must pass the MVC’s knowledge and vision tests•  Must pay required feeThe MVC will validate Special Learner Permits ONLY after training course completion.STEP 2: Practice with an Adult Supervising Driver• Must observe special learner permit driving

permit driving restrictions• Must practice at least six monthsSTEP 3: Get a Probationary License• Must have completed six months of supervised driving without any suspensions or postponements• Must pass the MVC’s road test• Must be at least 17 years oldSTEP 4: With a Probationary Driver License•

Driver License• Must practice unsupervised driving for at least one year• Must observe probationary driver license restrictionsSTEP 5: Get the Basic Driver License• Must be at least 18 years old• Must have completed one year of unsupervised driving with probationary driver license restrictions•

restrictions• Must pay required feeNote: Permit may not be used for practice driving until validated at an MVC Driver Testing Center.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVTHE YOUNG ADULT ROADGDL: OPTION BSTEP 1:Get an Examination Permit• Must pass the MVC’s knowledge and vision tests• Must be at least 17 years old• Must pay required fee• Must obtain parent or guardian consent if you are under 18 years of ageSTEP 2:

years of ageSTEP 2: Practice Supervised Driving• Must practice with an adult supervising driver• Must practice at least six months• Must observe examination-permit driving restrictionsSTEP 3: Get a Probationary License• Must have completed six months of supervised driving without any suspensions or

any suspensions or postponements• Must pass the MVC’s road testSTEP 4: Practice Unsupervised Driving• Must practice unsupervised driving for at least one year• Must follow probationary driver license restrictionsSTEP 5: Get the Basic Driver License• Must be at least 18 years old• Must have

old• Must have completed one year of unsupervised driving• Must pay required feeTHE ADULT ROADGDL: OPTION CSTEP 1:Get an Examination Permit• Must be at least 21 years old• Must pass MVC’s knowledge and vision tests• Must pay required feeSTEP 2: Practice Supervised Driving•  Must practice with an

practice with an adult supervising driver• Must practice at least three months• Must observe examination permit driving restrictionsSTEP 3: Get a Probationary License• Must have completed three months of supervised driving without any suspensions or postponements• Must pass the MVC’s road testSTEP

MVC’s road testSTEP 4: Practice Unsupervised Driving• Must practice unsupervised driving for at least one year• Must follow applicable probationary driver license restrictionsSTEP 5: Get the Basic Driver License• Must have completed one year of unsupervised driving• Must pay required fee

17DRIVER LICENSE SYSTEM
THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVSPECIAL LEARNER PERMIT RESTRICTIONS

1 If the Examination Permit or Probationary License holder is 21 years of age or older, hour, passenger and decal restrictions do not apply.No driving between 11:01 p.m. and 5:00 a.m.No using hand-held or hands-free cell phones or any other electronic devices.Permit holder must be accompanied in

be accompanied in the front seat by an adult supervising driver who is at least 21 years of age and who possesses a valid New Jersey driver license and has a minimum of three years’ driving experiencePassengers are limited to any parent, guardian or dependent of the special permit holder and one

holder and one additional passenger.Permit holder and all passengers must wear seat belts.Must display decals on license plates.EXAMINATION PERMIT RESTRICTIONSNo driving between 11:01 p.m. and 5:00 a.m.1No using hand-held or hands-free cell phones or any other electronic devices.Permit holder must

holder must be accompanied in the front seat by an adult supervising driver who is at least 21 years of age and who possesses a valid New Jersey driver license and has a minimum of three years’ driving experiencePassengers are limited to dependents of the permit holder and one additional passenger,

passenger, unless accompanied by a parent/guardian.1Permit holder and all passengers must wear seat belts.Must display decals on license plates.1PROBATIONARY DRIVER LICENSE RESTRICTIONSNo driving between 11:01 p.m. and 5:00 a.m.1No using hand-held or hands-free cell phones or any other electronic

other electronic devices.Passengers are limited to dependents of the probationary license holder and one additional person, unless accompanied by a parent/guardian.1Probationary license holder and all passengers must wear seat belts.Must display decals on license plates.1GDL DECALAll GDL drivers

GDL drivers under age 21, who possess a permit or probationary license, are required to display two visible, red reﬂective decals, distributed through the MVC, on any vehicle that they operate. One decal is to be displayed on the top left corner of the rear license plate and the other on the top

other on the top left corner of the front license plate. The two removable decals are provided at the time a permit is issued for a fee of $4. Additional decals are available for $4 per pair at any MVC agency. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-13 and 39:3-13.4f) GDL DRIVER EXEMPTIONSExemptions to the hours of rule

the hours of rule for permit and probationary drivers under 21 years: Proof of a need to drive during the prohibited hours for employment and/or religion. For an exemption, the motorist must carry a legible certiﬁcation to indicate this need from his/her employer or religious ofﬁcial on the ofﬁcial

on the ofﬁcial letterhead of the business, organization or religious institution, with the signature of the certifying ofﬁcial and his/her name, title, address, and phone number. (N.J.A.C. 13:21-8.18)Note: If the student driver commits a trafﬁc offense, responsibility will be with both the student

both the student and instructor or adult supervising driver. All motorists who possess a probationary driver license, whose probationary licensing period is not extended by the MVC beyond the standard 12 months, must visit an MVC agency to upgrade to a basic driver license after the end of those 12

the end of those 12 months. Motorists who fail to do so will remain subject to the probationary driver license restrictions and could be cited by law enforcement for violating the restrictions. Special Learner Permits for  New Jersey ResidentsAny New Jersey resident who is at least 16 years old and

16 years old and is not in suspension status can obtain a special learner permit at any MVC agency. The applicant

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVmust have the signed consent of his/her parent/guardian, must be enrolled in a behind-the-wheel driver training course approved by the New Jersey Department of Education or conducted by a commercial driving school, and must pass the MVC’s knowledge

the MVC’s knowledge test and vision screening. An approved course is six full hours of behind-the-wheel instruction in a dual-controlled vehicle. These hours are exclusive of time spent at the MVC for permit purchasing or testing. The instructor must purchase the permit, which is valid for two

is valid for two years. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-13.1)After an applicant ﬁlls out the form with his/her personal information and provides 6 Points of ID Veriﬁcation and, if applicable, proof that the U.S. government authorizes his/her presence in this country, the instructor can purchase a permit at any MVC

a permit at any MVC agency.Upon completion of the approved driver training course and before practice driving, the permit holder must have the permit validated at any MVC Driver Testing Center.Examination Permits for  New Jersey ResidentsAny New Jersey resident who is at least 17 years old and is

17 years old and is not in suspension status can obtain a driver examination permit at any MVC agency. The examination permit is different from a student learner permit because the applicant does not have to be a student and an instructor is not necessary.Note: A driver examination permit is

permit is required even if the motorist possesses a valid license from another state. See Examination Permits for Out-of-State Drivers.After an applicant ﬁlls out the form with his/her personal information and provides 6 Points of ID Veriﬁcation and proof that the U.S. government authorizes his/her

authorizes his/her presence in this country, he/she can purchase a permit to take to the nearest Driver Testing Center. Basic automobile license applicants must supply a Social Security number or an exemption from the Social Security Administration.Note: Most agencies conduct knowledge testing and

testing and vision screening. To ﬁnd out which MVC agencies offer driver testing services, check online at www.njmvc.gov or call (609) 292-6500.The MVC will validate the permit for practice driving after the applicant passes the required knowledge test and vision screening. Results are valid for

are valid for two years (see Chapter 2).Examination Permits for  Out-of-State DriversAll out-of-state drivers are required to purchase an examination permit within 60 days of becoming a permanent New Jersey resident or when his/her out-of-state license expires, whichever comes ﬁrst.Out-of-state

ﬁrst.Out-of-state drivers who are under 18 years of age and move to New Jersey are subject to this state’s GDL Program. If they wish to apply for a New Jersey license, they should follow the steps outlined for special and examination permit holders. Permits may be purchased at any MVC agency upon

any MVC agency upon presenting the required proof of age and 6 Point ID Veriﬁcation. Applicants are required to pass a vision screening test. Knowledge and road tests are waived as long as you have a valid, non-probationary driver license, presented with a driver abstract, issued by any of the 50

by any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, or U.S. territories. Out-of-state driver licenses must be surrendered when the MVC issues a New Jersey driver license.Examination Permits for  Out-of-Country DriversA non-citizen must show formal proof that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Services (USCIS) has authorized his/her presence in this country under federal law.Students and their families on visas must show Form I-20, student identiﬁcation cards or certiﬁcation on school letterhead indicating status.Note: Foreign drivers may use their native driver licenses as proof of

as proof of driving experience if their countries are members of the United Nations Convention on Road Trafﬁc and if the applicants have their licenses translated into English by a consulate or an MVC-approved translator. A road test may still be required.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVInternational Driving Permit (IDP)Visitors with a foreign driver license who travel to the United States should carry an IDP or attach an acceptable English translation to their national driver license. The IDP is translated into the ofﬁcial languages

ofﬁcial languages of the United Nations (including English) and is useful in trafﬁc emergencies. Non-citizens must obtain the IDP in their native country before traveling to the United States.New Jersey motorists who travel to foreign countries may obtain an IDP application through their local AAA

their local AAA club or the American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA). Visit www.aaa.com/vacation/idpc.html for more information.Note: A motorist must carry a valid driver license. Although it is an ofﬁcial docu-ment, the IDP cannot replace a driver license, but it can be used in conjunction with

in conjunction with the license to provide an additional source of motorist identiﬁcation and span foreign language barriers.Non-Driver IDAn individual, 14 years of age or older, who does not possess a valid driver license, may apply for a non-driver identiﬁcation card. To obtain an identiﬁcation

an identiﬁcation card, the individual must show proof of age and provide 6 Points of ID Veriﬁcation and proof that his/her presence in this country is authorized under federal law. The cost is $24. The non-driver ID must be surrendered if the individual applies for and receives a New Jersey driver

a New Jersey driver license. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-29.2 to 39:3-29.10)Organ DonationYou have the power to give others the most precious gift: life. When you turn 18 and apply for an unrestricted driver license, or renew your license, you will be asked if you want to be included in New Jersey’s Donate Life

Donate Life Registry. By answering “yes,” you will be agreeing to donate your organs, tissue and eyes upon your death to someone who needs a transplant. When you say “yes” at a motor vehicle agency, the words organ donor will appear on your license. Registering as an organ and tissue donor has

tissue donor has nothing to do with living donation or whole body donation.An individual’s decision to be an organ donor can make a difference in lives throughout New Jersey and across the nation. Right now, tens of thousands of people are awaiting organ transplants, while thousands more are in

more are in need of tissue and corneal transplants. The shortage of donors is so severe that every day, 21 people die waiting for organs that could save their lives. You can give the gift of life simply by making your wishes known about organ and tissue donation.Saying “yes” to organ and tissue

to organ and tissue donation is an important decision for everyone, especially the more than 5,000 New Jersey residents whose lives depend on transplants. Anyone 18 years and older can register as a donor. There are no costs to the family for donations, and donations will not affect funeral

not affect funeral arrangements. Organs are shared according to a national list: age, gender, race, ethnicity or wealth do not affect who receives donated organs.Registering as an organ and tissue donor is a selﬂess act. You should share your decision with your family, so they will carry out your

will carry out your wishes at the time of death. Organ and tissue donation saves lives, gives hope to those waiting and creates a lasting legacy. For more information about organ and tissue donation, or to register online, please visit www.donatelifenj.org. Next-Of-Kin Registry (Sara’s Law)The

(Sara’s Law)The Next-of-Kin Registry is a New Jersey statewide web based system that allows individuals at least 14 years of age to voluntarily submit and maintain emergency contact information through the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission. This non-public information will only be used by law

only be used by law enforcement ofﬁcers to locate designated emergency contacts in the event that a person is involved in a motor vehicle crash that renders him or her unable to communicate.  (N.J.S.A. 39:4-134.2 to 39:4-134.3)Any individual who legally possesses a New Jersey-issued driver license,

driver license, probationary license, learner’s permit, non-driver identiﬁcation card or any other MVC-issued permit or license authorizing an individual to operate a motor vehicle or vessel (i.e., boat) may utilize the registry. Additionally, individuals as young as 14 years old may utilize the

old may utilize the Next-of-Kin Registry to submit emergency contacts if they apply for a non-driver ID card. To register on-line or download a form to submit by mail, visit the MVC web site at www.state.nj.us/mvc/drivertopics/nextofkin.htm.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVMotor VoterThe National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) requires that motor vehicle ofﬁces provide voter registration opportunities to anyone applying for a new or renewed driver license or ID card, or changing their address. The process of registering

of registering to vote can be conveniently started at any MVC agency. Applicants who wish to register are provided a signature pad to sign, while their personal information (name, date-of-birth, address, etc.) is sent electronically to the State Board of Elections for review. When customers report

customers report a change of address, they are offered the option to have the MVC send the change of address information to the applicable board of elections, for voter registration purposes. After the State Board of Elections approves the information received, they notify the respective County

respective County Board of Elections that the applicants’ eligibility requirements have been met, and the applicants are registered to vote. For more information on voter registration, visit www.nj.gov/state/elections/voting-information.html. Hearing-Impaired DesignationA special driver license for

driver license for deaf or hearing-impaired motorists (41 dB loss or more) is provided by the MVC. To obtain this license, which is designated with a numerical code, a motorist must complete an application, available at any MVC agency. Veriﬁcation by a physician or audiologist is required.

is required. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-11a)Commercial Driver License (CDL)There are three Commercial Driver License (CDL) classiﬁcations: A, B, and C. However, no one can apply for these licenses until he/she is in possession of a valid basic Class D New Jersey driver license or he/she possesses a valid

possesses a valid out-of-state CDL.Class A: License is necessary for the operation of a tractor trailer or any truck or truck and trailer with a gross combination weight rating (GCWR) of 26,001 pounds or more, provided the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of the vehicle being towed is more than

towed is more than 10,000 pounds. The Class A license also allows the driver to operate all vehicles in the class B, C and D categories, provided the driver has qualiﬁed for all the proper endorsements.Class B: License is necessary for the operation of: •Any vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or

of 26,001 pounds or more. •A vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more towing a trailer with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less. •A bus, including school buses, with a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including

including the driver.A Class B license allows the driver to operate all vehicles in the Class C and D categories, provided the driver has qualiﬁed for all the proper endorsements.Class C: License is necessary for: •Any vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 pounds, used and placarded to transport

to transport hazardous material. •Any bus, including school buses, designated to carry 16 passengers or more, including the driver, and with a GVWR of less than 26,001 pounds and all school vehicles designed for 15 passengers or fewer, including the driver. •Any bus or other vehicle designed to

vehicle designed to transport 8 to 15 passengers, including the driver, which is used for hire.COMMERCIAL DRIVER EXEMPTIONSTaxi drivers, ride-sharing van drivers, funeral procession drivers, operators of rescue, ﬁrst-aid squad or ﬁreﬁghter apparatus, farmers hauling their own products and equipment

and equipment within 150 miles of their farms, non-civilian operators of military equipment and operators of construction equipment not designed for operation on public roads are exempt and need not apply for a CDL. Operators of recreational vehicles are also exempt, provided the vehicle is being

vehicle is being operated only for personal use. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-10k, 39:3-10.11)COMMERCIAL DRIVER LICENSE ENDORSEMENTSMost commercial drivers will need to obtain at least one special endorsement. An example of an endorsement on a CDL is “H,” for hazardous materials, which means that the motorist

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVCODEVEHICLEENDORSEMENTSPECIAL REQUIREMENTTDouble and Triple TrailerNeeded by operators of vehicles pulling two or three trailersRequires a knowledge test. Class A license required to operate this type of vehicle.PPassengerNeeded by operators of buses

operators of buses or similar vehicles used to transport passengersRequires a road test. Other special requirements are necessary (see CDL Manual). Must be 21 years of age and have 3 years driving experience.SSchool BusNeeded by all school bus driversRequires a knowledge and road test. Motorists

test. Motorists who hold an “S” endorsement will also have to test for a “P” endorsement. Both are required to operate a school bus.NTanker VehicleNeeded by operators of vehicles used to transport liquids or gas in bulkRequires a knowledge test.HHazardous MaterialsNeeded by operators of vehicles

of vehicles used to transport hazardous materialsRequires a knowledge test. Must be trained and retested every two years. See the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration for requirements (www.fmcsa.dot.gov). Must be 21 years of age.COMMERCIAL DRIVER LICENSE RESTRICTIONSNumbered restrictions,

restrictions, such as corrective lenses, are noted on all commercial licenses. An example of a special restriction on a commercial license is “L ” for air brakes. This means the motorist may not operate a vehicle equipped with air brakes, if designated on the license. COMMERCIAL DRIVER MANUALFor

DRIVER MANUALFor more information on commercial motor vehicle licensing, refer to the MVC’s Commercial Driver Manual. All CDL tests are based on information contained in the manual.  To get a copy, visit any MVC agency or regional service center or view/request it online at www.njmvc.gov. Manuals

Manuals may also be obtained by calling (609) 292-6500. 27DRIVER LICENSE SYSTEM

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVPAGE # 28
THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUALNEW JERSEY DRIVER  TESTING230 : Requirements for a Basic Driver License32 : Safety Pledge to Nikhil33 : Voter Registration34 : Road Test36 : Reasons for Rejection

NEW JERSEY DRIVER TESTING29Requirements for a Basic Driver License6 POINT ID VERIFICATIONAll applicants for a New Jersey driver license must have all required documents to satisfy the 6 Point ID Veriﬁcation.VISION TESTA vision screening is required for all motorists. The MVC may refer applicants

refer applicants with impaired vision to a physician. Periodically, the MVC may require a vision recheck of a New Jersey motorist.KNOWLEDGE TESTThe knowledge test consists of 50 questions, plus a survey question about organ donation. The MVC offers the knowledge test in English and these foreign

and these foreign languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. If the applicant cannot read in any language, headphones are supplied to administer an oral test. If the applicant is deaf or hard of hearing, there is a test using sign language

using sign language visuals.If the knowledge test is not available in your native language you may use a state-approved interpreter, however, you must ﬁrst attempt to complete the knowledge test in an offered language.  If you fail to pass the test and feel you need an interpreter, please inform

please inform the MVC personnel at the testing location and they will make arrangements to secure an interpreter in your native language and pay the appropriate fees.  Once an interpreter is secured you will be contacted by an MVC employee with the interpreter appointment date and time.  You must

and time.  You must inform the MVC of the need for an interpreter at least two weeks in advance of the date you intend to take the written knowledge test.MVC-approved interpreters are provided for Deaf or Hard of Hearing applicants. The MVC will pay the interpreter’s fees directly associated with

associated with the knowledge test after submission of a properly completed payment voucher form.INTERPRETERSAn approved foreign language interpreter is:An individual listed on the NJ Administrative Ofﬁce of the Courts (Language Services Section) Registry of Interpreters and Agencies.An approved

approved deaf or hard of hearing interpreter is: •An interpreter certiﬁed by the National Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf and listed with the New Jersey Division of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. •An interpreter who has been evaluated by the Division of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing and is on

Hearing and is on the approved list of professional interpreters.www.nj.gov/mvc/license/knowledgetest.htm TEST REQUIREMENTSSCREENING TESTSMINIMUM REQUIREMENTSEyesightBasic License Applicants: 20/50 vision with or without corrective lenses. For sight in one eye only, that eye must meet the 20/50

must meet the 20/50 rule and the applicant must have documentation signed by a licensed physician. CDL License Applicants: 20/40 vision with or without  corrective lenses in both eyes. Must be able to distinguish among red, green and amber lights.Written80 percent, or 40 of the 50 questions, must

50 questions, must have correct answers.HealthInform examiner of health problems; a medical review may be necessary. Federal law and New Jersey regulations require commercial drivers to submit a CDL Holder Self-Certiﬁcation form and a valid medical examiner’s certiﬁcate, if applicable, to the MVC.

to the MVC. Medical examiner certiﬁcates must be completed by a federally certiﬁed medical examiner.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVOUT-OF-STATE AND OUT-OF-COUNTRY APPLICANTSApplicants may transfer a valid out-of-state license to New Jersey. Knowledge and road tests may be waived for applicants, at least 18 years of age, who submit a valid, non-provisional driver license issued by

license issued by any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Territories of Samoa and Guam, Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands. The 6 Point ID requirements must also be submitted.Persons transferring driver licenses from the U.S. Territories of American Samoa and Guam, Puerto Rico

Guam, Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands must present a certiﬁed driver abstract from that jurisdiction in order to have the knowledge test waived. If that document is not readily available, the person may choose to take the knowledge test in order to obtain a New Jersey driver license.These

license.These applicants will be issued a four-year basic New Jersey license and will be required to surrender the out-of-state license.Out-of-state applicants between 17 and 18 years of age who possess a valid out-of-state license will be given a probationary license for a period of one year and

of one year and must comply with New Jersey’s GDL requirements and restrictions.All out-of-country applicants must pass the knowledge test and a vision screening, and may be required to pass a road test. Test results are valid for two years.Safety Pledge to NikhilIn August of 2015, “Nikhil’s Law,”

“Nikhil’s Law,” which amends N.J.S.A. 39:3-41, was signed into law. Enacted March 1, 2016, Nikhil’s Law reinforces the dangers of failing to comply with New Jersey’s motor vehicle trafﬁc laws.THE PLEDGEIn order to ensure the safety of others on the road, passengers in my car, and myself as a

and myself as a driver, I pledge to obey trafﬁc rules when driving and to be extra cautious and supremely attentive. Speciﬁcally, I will:STOP COMPLETELY. I will come to a complete halt at any STOP sign and will never go through a red light.

STAY ALERT. I will strive to keep my hands on the wheel and my mind on the road. TALK SAFE. I will use a hands-free cell phone system while driving, and will not text or use a handset unless I pull over.PLAN AHEAD. I will give myself an extra 5 minutes to get to any destination.Go to

destination.Go to www.state.nj.us/mvc/license/nikhil.htm to take the STOP FOR NIKHIL SAFETY PLEDGE.  Voter RegistrationIf you are eligible to vote in New Jersey, the process of registering to vote can be conveniently started at any MVC agency, while applying for or renewing a driver license or

a driver license or non-driver identiﬁcation (ID) card. The MVC will report the information to the New Jersey Division of Elections. Voter registration deadline is 21 days before an election.If you will not be conducting a driver license or non-driver ID card transaction and wish to register to

wish to register to vote or change your address with the Division of Elections please visit the New Jersey Division of Elections at www.NJELECTIONS.org or call 1-877-NJVOTER (1-877-658-6837) to have an application mailed to you.UPDATE YOUR VOTING ADDRESSYou may change your address online through

online through the MVC website. After you change your address with the MVC, you will be asked whether you would like your address change to update your voter record. Be sure to click “Yes” when answering this question, and the MVC will send a notice to the Division of Elections, notifying them of

notifying them of your change.An address change conﬁrmation page will also be provided to you at the end of the transaction. Please visit www.NJELECTIONS.org for more voter information.Your County Commissioner of Registration will notify you if your application is accepted. If it is not accepted,

it is not accepted, you will be notiﬁed on how to complete and/or correct the application.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVAddress changes reported online or via mail with the MVC are forwarded to the New Jersey Division of Elections. If you do not receive conﬁrmation of the change, please contact your local Commissioner of Registration. A listing of Commissioners can be

can be found at nj.gov/state/elections/voting-information-local-ofﬁcials.html.Note: If you wish to get a driver license or non-driver ID card displaying your new address, you must visit a motor vehicle agency. You will have to provide the 6 Points of ID veriﬁcation requirements and pay a fee.Road

and pay a fee.Road TestAfter an applicant passes the knowledge test and vision screening and, if applicable, an approved behind-the-wheel course, the MVC will validate his/her permit so that he/she can practice driving. GDL permit holders under 21 years of age must have a minimum of six months

of six months supervised practice driving prior to a road test appointment. GDL permit holders, 21 years old and over, must have a minimum of three months supervised practice driving prior to a road test appointment. To make an appointment for an initial road test or a retest, visit any Driver

visit any Driver Testing Center or schedule online at www.njmvc.gov. Appointments may not be made by phone.ROAD TEST CHECKLISTNo practice driving is permitted on the test course or in the parallel parking area. Every road test applicant must bring all the items on this checklist to the road test

to the road test site in order to take the test. Only ORIGINAL documents will be accepted. •6 points of ID •Validated permit (permit must be legible and cannot be laminated) •Valid inspection sticker on vehicle or ofﬁcial “No Inspection Sticker Required” card, valid registration card and valid

card and valid insurance ID card or electronic version for vehicle used for the test (unless covered by BPU or federal DOT regulations) •2 red GDL decals, properly mounted (if Graduated Driver License (GDL) requirements are applicable) •A vehicle utilized for the road test must have unobstructed

have unobstructed access to the foot brake or to the parking brake mounted to the right of the driver in a position accessible to the examiner •Autocycles cannot be used for the test •Self-parking vehicles cannot be used for the test •All signals, brake lights and windshield wipers on the vehicle

on the vehicle for the test must be in working order •No rental cars are permitted unless the test applicant’s name is listed as a driver on the rental agreement •Applicant must be accompanied by a licensed driver. (The accompanying driver must hold a valid license to operate the type of vehicle

the type of vehicle for which the applicant has a permit, except for a moped.)Note: Vehicles registered out of state must comply with the laws of the motorist’s home state with regard to insurance identiﬁcation.ACCOMPANYING DRIVER REQUIREMENTS An applicant may drive a properly registered vehicle to

vehicle to the road test area. However, a licensed driver must remain in the vehicle with the applicant at all times. A vehicle may not be moved, even in the road test line, without a licensed driver in the vehicle. If the accompanying motorist is licensed in a state other than New Jersey, or has

New Jersey, or has less than three years of driving experience, he/she must drive the vehicle to the road test area. The MVC does not supply vehicles for road tests. Only MVC examiners are allowed in the vehicle when the test is administered. ELEMENTS OF THE ROAD TESTDuring the road test, an MVC

road test, an MVC examiner will ride with the applicant when he/she drives in an off-road test area or on a public road course. The purpose of the road test is to make sure that the applicant understands the rules of the road and can drive safely. (See chart on next page.)If the applicant’s vehicle

applicant’s vehicle has a standard transmission, the examiner will ask the applicant to demonstrate his/her ability to correctly shift gears.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVDuring the basic road test, the examiner will test the applicant on the following items:TEST ITEMPAGEDriving in reverse54, 55Following other vehicles94, 95, 96Nearing corners, intersections65, 66, 67, 68Parking (parallel)57, 58, 59Sitting properly

59Sitting properly (seat belt use)40, 41Starting a vehicle48, 49, 50Steering properly51, 52Stopping at signs74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79Stopping smoothly52, 53Turning55, 56, 57, 72, 73, 74Turning around55, 56, 57Using the horn46Yielding right-of-way65, 66If an applicant passes the road test, the examiner

test, the examiner will issue an authorization for licensing. The permit, authorization and 6 Points of ID Veriﬁcation must be taken to a motor vehicle agency to obtain a New Jersey driver license.The MVC will license a successful applicant for a Class D basic driver license or Class E license as a

E license as a probationary driver if the applicant has never been licensed to drive a motor vehicle in this or any other state. The MVC will monitor his/her driving habits for one year.Reasons for RejectionMost applicants believe that their driving performance is the only criterion the examiner

the examiner uses to grade their road test. However, the vehicle may be the cause for denial or failure of the road test. Some license applicants may not have the opportunity to take an initial road test because an examiner considers the vehicle unsuitable or unsafe for the test.Here are some of

are some of the more common reasons the MVC rejects road test vehicles: •Improper, expired or no inspection sticker •Lack of examiner access to foot brake or parking brake •Any defect or condition that affects the safe operation of the test vehicle, such as but not limited to: •Poor brakes (pedal

•Poor brakes (pedal must not fade or go to the ﬂoorboard) •Dashboard brake warning light on •Parking brake, brake lights, or signal lights not working •Unsafe tires (smooth, cut, badly worn) •Vehicle interior is not in reasonably clean condition •Vehicle failed inspection, and motorist does not

motorist does not bring the Vehicle Inspection Report issued by the inspection station to the road test area •Fast engine idle (cannot judge speed control) •Missing seat belts (seat belts are required on all vehicles manufac-tured after July 1, 1966) •Tinting on driver and/or front door windows

front door windows •Missing rear-view mirrors – interior and/or driver door •Broken or cracked window glass •Passenger and/or driver’s door or window does not operate from the insideAdditional items for motorcycles and moped tests only: •Lack of equipment required by state regulations •No helmet

•No helmet •Unapproved goggles or face shield  •No bell or horn that can be heard 100 feet awaySee Motorcycle Manual (Chapter 10) for more speciﬁc information.

37NEW JERSEY DRIVER TESTING
THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVPAGE # 38

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUALDRIVER RESPONSI-BILITY340 : Buckle up–New Jersey’s Seat Belt Law41 : Car Seats42 : Child Passenger Safety Law43 : Air Bags45 : Car Condition47 : Carbon Monoxide Poisoning48 : Starting a Parked Car51 : Steering52 : Stopping Distances53 : Proper Braking54 : Driving

Braking54 : Driving Signals54 : Driving in Reverse55 : Turning57 : Parking

DRIVER RESPONSIBILITY39Safe driving is the responsibility of all individuals who operate a vehicle on New Jersey roads. The rules of the road must be obeyed at all times and laws must be strictly followed. A motorist must ensure the safety of all passengers who are riding in his/her vehicle and be

vehicle and be mindful of the other motorists who share the road each day.Buckle up–New Jersey’s Seat Belt LawUnder state law, the driver and all passengers of a passenger vehicle (e.g., car, van, pickup truck, and SUV) must wear a seatbelt. The failure of a driver, front-seat passenger and

passenger and children under age 18 to wear a seatbelt is a primary offense. The driver is responsible for all passengers under age 18. Front-seat passengers 18 years of age and over are responsible for themselves. A police ofﬁcer can stop a motorist solely for a violation of the seat belt law.

the seat belt law. Under a secondary law, all unbuckled back seat occupants 18 years of age and older may be issued a summons if the vehicle is stopped for another reason. Motorists with GDL permits or probationary licenses must use seat belts. Additionally, they must require all passengers seated

passengers seated anywhere in the vehicle to use seat belts.  (N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.2f, 39:3-13, 39:3-13.2a, 39:3-13.4)The exemptions are any passenger vehicle manufactured before July 1, 1966, a passenger vehicle that is not required to be equipped with seat belt systems under federal law, or a

federal law, or a physical or medical reason, veriﬁed in writing by a licensed physician, which makes the motorist or passenger unable to wear a seat belt. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.2g)The driver of a passenger vehicle including cars, vans, pick-up trucks and utility vehicles shall secure any passenger

any passenger using a wheelchair in a properly adjusted and fastened wheelchair and occupant securement device. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.21)Seat belts can save a life and improve a motorist’s chances of surviving a crash by 60 percent. A motorist’s chances of surviving a crash are three to four times

three to four times better if he/she is wearing both a seat belt and a shoulder strap. Fastening a seat belt takes only three seconds and reduces the chances of death or injury. Seat belts help in many ways, for example: •They keep motorists and passengers from being thrown from the vehicle in a

the vehicle in a crash. If a motorist/passenger is held in place, any injury may be less severe. •They slow a body down with the vehicle. If a vehicle hits something, the vehicle stops, but the person keeps going at the same speed that the vehicle was moving. Hitting the dashboard or windshield at

or windshield at 30 mph is like falling from the top of a three-story building. •They keep a motorist/passenger from sliding on the seat during sudden stops and turns. Belts and straps also keep a motorist in position so he/she can control the vehicle.TIPS FOR SEAT BELT SAFETY  •Buckle up with both

up with both lap and shoulder belts on every trip. (Air bags are supplemental protection for drivers.) •Wear the lap belt under the abdomen and low across the hips. The shoulder portion should come over the collar bone, away from the neck, and cross over the breast bone. The shoulder belt in most

belt in most new vehicles can be adjusted on the side pillar to improve ﬁt. •Know how to adjust the seat belts and how to release them if motorists/passengers have to quickly get out of the vehicle. •Buckle up if riding in the backseat; use center seat belts if those seats are used. Seat belts help

Seat belts help prevent riders from falling forward. •Never put more than one person in one belt.Car SeatsTrafﬁc crashes are a leading killer of children. When riding in a vehicle, children should be held in place by a restraint system that meets all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Refer to

Standards. Refer to the paragraph on Child Restraint Law.All child restraint systems built since January 1, 1981, must be designed to pass tough safety tests. These seats carry a label that gives the date of manufacture and reads, “This child restraint system conforms to all applicable Federal

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVThere are many types and styles of car seats. While some seats are designed to be used facing forward once a child has reached the appropriate weight, an infant seat must never be faced forward. To do so would be very dangerous. Always check the label

check the label on a car seat to ﬁnd out the size and weight of the child the seat is designed to protect.Using the car seat every time a child rides in the vehicle – and using it correctly each time – is very important for the safety of the child. Always read the instructions that come with the

that come with the seat and follow them very carefully. Correct use of the car seat is the best protection a motorist can offer a child. For more information on child car seats, contact the Division of Highway Trafﬁc Safety at (800) 422-3750 or visit www.njsaferoads.com.Child Passenger Safety

Passenger Safety LawThe New Jersey child passenger safety law, N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.2a (a) to  39:3-76.2a (d), states: •Children under age eight who are less than 57 inches (4 feet, 9 inches) tall must ride in either:a) A federally approved forward facing child passenger restraint system that is

system that is equipped with a ﬁve-point harness in a rear seat of the motor vehicle.  Once they outgrow the top height or weight recommendations made by the child passenger restraint system manufacturer, children must ride in a federally approved booster seat (in a rear seat of the motor vehicle);

the motor vehicle); ORb) A federally approved booster seat (in a rear seat of the motor vehicle). • Children under age four who weigh less than 40 pounds must ride:a) In a federally approved rear facing child passenger restraint system that is equipped with a ﬁve-point harness in a rear seat of the

a rear seat of the motor vehicle.  Once they outgrow the top height or weight recommendations posted by the manufacturer of the child passenger restrain system, children must ride in a federally approved forward facing child passenger restraint system that is equipped with a ﬁve-point harness in a

harness in a rear seat of the motor vehicle;  ORb) In a federally approved forward facing child passenger restraint system that is equipped with a ﬁve-point harness in a rear seat of the motor vehicle. •Children under age two and those who weigh less than 30 pounds must ride in a federally approved

federally approved rear facing child passenger restraint system that is equipped with a ﬁve-point harness.All children under age eight must be seated in a rear seat.  If there are no rear seats in the motor vehicle in which the children under age eight are riding, the children must be secured in a

be secured in a federally approved child passenger restraint system or booster seat in a front seat of the motor vehicle.  However, children cannot be secured in a rear facing child passenger restraint system in a front seat of any motor vehicle that is equipped with a passenger-side airbag that is

airbag that is not disabled or turned off.Failure to comply with this law can subject a person to a ﬁne of not less than $50 nor more than $75, plus fees and court costs. (N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.2d)Note:  A person operating an autocycle shall not permit a child to be a passenger in the autocycle if the

autocycle if the child would be required to be secured in a child passenger restraint system, pursuant to N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.2a.Air BagsAir bags are standard equipment in almost all new vehicles and are designed to supplement seat belts in frontal crashes.  Federal safety standards require that

require that manufacturers equip all new passenger cars and light trucks with air bags.  According to the National Highway Trafﬁc Safety Administration, statistics show that from 1987 to 2015, frontal air bags saved 44,869 lives.Air bags inﬂate at speeds of up to 200 mph to protect adults in a

protect adults in a front-end crash. An average-sized adult who is correctly belted is not likely to come in contact with the air bag until it is fully inﬂated.When air bags are combined with lap/shoulder seat belts, they have saved many adult lives and prevented many injuries in motor vehicle

in motor vehicle crashes. However, air bags could seriously injure or kill children who are sitting in the front seat.In 1995, the National Highway Trafﬁc Safety Administration (NHTSA) allowed

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVcutoff switches in pickup trucks, sports cars and autos with no backseat. In January 1998, it allowed repair shops and dealers to install the switches in vehicles after the appropriate application was made for people in these categories. •Driver and

•Driver and passenger-side air bags: For individuals with medical conditions when the risks of a deploying air bag exceed the risks of impacting the steering wheel, dashboard or windshield. •Driver-side air bags only: For individuals who cannot properly operate the vehicle and keep at least 10

keep at least 10 inches between the center of the steering wheel and the center of the breastbone. •Passenger-side air bags only: For individuals who must place infants in the front seat because the vehicle has no rear seat (e.g., a pickup truck) or the rear seat is too small to hold the child’s

to hold the child’s rear-facing seat, or the motorist must monitor the child’s medical condition; for individuals who must place children, 1 to 12 years old, in the front seat because the vehicle has no rear seat, or because the individual must transport more children than can be seated in the rear

seated in the rear seat, or because the motorist must monitor the child’s medical condition.For more about an air bag on-off switch or for an application to request one, call NHTSA’s toll-free Auto Safety Hotline at (800) 424-9393. Information is also available online at www.nhtsa.gov. Children of

Children of any age are safest when they are belted properly in the back seat of a vehicle, especially when the vehicle is equipped with a passenger-side air bag. Other safety points: •Always put an infant in a rear-facing infant child safety seat in the back seat of a vehicle with air bags.

with air bags. •Always be sure that children 12 years old and younger ride in the backseat of the vehicle. •Always make sure everyone is buckled up.A motorist can tell if his/her vehicle has an air bag by the words “air bag” or the letters “SRS” (supplemental restraint system) or “SIR”

system) or “SIR” (supplemental inﬂatable restraint) on the steering wheel and dashboard panel. Manufacturers also may mark the sun visors or the sides of the open door frame with warning labels or enter a warning in the vehicle owner’s manual.Car ConditionIt is the responsibility of all vehicle

of all vehicle owners to ensure that their vehicles are in proper working condition. Always check your vehicle before driving and prevent problems with regular maintenance and care. BACKUP LIGHTSWhen driving in reverse, backup lights should be on. These must be checked to make sure they are in

sure they are in working order.Note: It is against New Jersey law (N.J.S.A. 39:3-52) to have any backup lights on while a vehicle is moving forward.BRAKESA motorist should be able to brake smoothly and quickly. If the vehicle pulls to one side when it stops or a motorist feels a taut pedal or hears

taut pedal or hears an unusual squealing or grinding, the brakes must be checked. With conventional disc and drum brakes, a motorist should pump them gently after driving through water to test them and dry them out. If the brakes are hit hard, they could lock up. A motorist should be able to stop

be able to stop within 25 feet at 20 mph. This can be tried in an empty parking lot. Chalk marks can be made on the surface to see if the vehicle can stop within that distance.If a vehicle has an anti-lock braking system (ABS), the brakes can be tested by applying steady pressure to the brake

to the brake pedal. A motorist should never pump an ABS or jerk the steering wheel when braking. On very soft surfaces, such as loose gravel or unpacked snow, an ABS system may actually lengthen stopping distance. In wet or slippery conditions, a motorist should still drive carefully, always keep a

always keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front and maintain a speed consistent with the road conditions.BRAKE LIGHTSIf a vehicle’s brake lights are not working, someone may crash into the vehicle from the back. A motorist should have someone help to check the brake lights. Replace broken

Replace broken light covers; they may cause glare that affects the motorist in back.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVHEADLIGHTSBright and dim lights must work and be properly aligned. A motorist can check them against a garage wall or on parked vehicles. Lights should be kept clean. If other motorists ﬂash their lights while another motorist’s lights are on low beam,

are on low beam, it could be that the lights are out of line.HORNA horn should not be overused, but a motorist should check it often to make sure it works. Use the horn to signal when passing, when coming out of a blind alley, curve or driveway, or to warn another motorist of a potentially

of a potentially dangerous situation.STEERINGOn straight level roads, a vehicle should hold a straight course. The front end should not vibrate (shimmy). The steering should respond to a motorist’s turns without too much play in the steering wheel.TAIL LIGHTSAlways keep tail and side lights in

and side lights in working order. They signal other motorists in the dark and prevent crashes.TIRESIf a motorist feels or hears any unusual thumping while driving, he/she should check the tires. Bumps, cuts or bad tread can cause blowouts. Tire pressure should be checked often, especially when

especially when tires are cold. A motorist should check the owner’s manual or the door jamb of the driver’s door to determine proper tire pressure or should ask for advice at a service station. Properly inﬂated tires save money in fuel consumption. A vehicle should not be driven with tires that

with tires that have less than 1/16 inch of tread (about the edge of a penny). To hold on to the road properly, tires must match (do not mix radials with other tire types) and must have enough tread.TURN SIGNALSA motorist should be able to hear the clicking and see the lighted arrows of turn

arrows of turn signals ﬂash on the dashboard. If the turn signals do not work, they must be ﬁxed as soon as possible. A motorist should use hand signals until the turn signals are repaired.WINDSHIELDCracks or chips in a windshield could cause the windshield to break, causing a dangerous condition.

condition. Broken windshields should be repaired, or, if appropriate, replaced. A windshield should be clean at all times, inside and out. Windshield wipers should always work.  A motorist can use non-freezing spray to stop windshield icing. New Jersey law prohibits add-on tinting on windshields

on windshields and front side windows. (N.J.S.A 39:3-74)SNOW AND ICEState law (N.J.S.A. 39:4-77.1) requires a motorist to remove snow or ice from a vehicle before driving it. If snow or ice dislodges from a moving vehicle, it could strike another vehicle or pedestrian, causing injury or property

injury or property damage. A motorist is required to make all reasonable efforts to remove accumulated ice or snow from the exposed surfaces of his or her motor vehicle prior to driving it, including the hood, trunk, roof and windshield. Any person who violates this law is subject to ﬁnes of $25 to

to ﬁnes of $25 to $75, regardless of whether any snow or ice is dislodged from the vehicle. If dislodged snow or ice causes injury or property damage, ﬁnes up to $1,500 may be assessed.Carbon Monoxide PoisoningThe Rosa-Bonilla Family Act (N.J.S.A. 39:3-10, N.J.S.A. 39:3-41, N.J.S.A. 39:3-12.6)

N.J.S.A. 39:3-12.6) requires the Motor Vehicle Commission to educate motorists about the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles and techniques for the safe operation and proper maintenance of a motor vehicle.Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas that is present in a

is present in a vehicle’s exhaust. Modern vehicles are equipped with pollution controls that greatly reduce the amount of CO that is emitted from the tailpipe. However, certain conditions can cause dangerous levels of CO to accumulate in or around a vehicle, with potentially fatal results.

THE NEW JERSEY DRIVER MANUAL      WWW.NJMVC.GOVThese conditions can include: •Operating a vehicle with an exhaust leak or poorly tuned engine •Operating a vehicle with the trunk or rear tailgate open •Operating a vehicle with holes in the body of the vehicle •Idling a vehicle in a garage or conﬁned

a garage or conﬁned space, even with the outside garage door open •Operating a vehicle with a tailpipe that is blocked by debris, including snow, leaves or waterSome of the most common symptoms of CO poisoning are listed below. It is important to understand that CO can kill even before any of these

before any of these symptoms are noticed: •Headache •Dizziness •Loss of consciousness •Nausea/vomiting •Chest pain •ConfusionIf you suspect that someone is suffering from CO poisoning, it is important to immediately remove that person from the source of the CO and call 911 for immediate medical

immediate medical attention.  If you are in a vehicle, turn off the engine, get out of the vehicle as soon as it is safe to do so and try to get the victim to breathe fresh air while you wait for help.Starting a Parked CarBefore getting into a vehicle, look both behind it and in front of it. There

front of it. There are blind spots once a motorist is behind the wheel. Children may be there. There also may be bottles, cans, bicycles, or other things that cannot be seen from the driver’s seat.