<issue_start>username_0: I want to block a number from calling me. I don't even want to know if the person even tried to call me. Don't want any notifications.

The person on the other end should not get a ringing sound when he tries to call me. He shouldn't even know that I've blocked him.

**If possible, I would like to block text messages from that number as well.**

The specifications of my device can be seen in [the attached image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uITcQ.png): Redmi Note 5, Android 8.1.0, MIUI Global 10.2.3.

Is there a way to do it?<issue_comment>username_1: You can easily use Truecaller to block unnecessary calls.

Otherwise, you can use call barring or call blocking in your default phone dialer settings itself.
Upvotes: 0 <issue_comment>username_2: In the settings of the Phone app, usually there are options to block calls and messages from specific numbers.

The call will be automatically blocked and the caller will think that you have hung up the call, but the call does not sound to you, it only appears in the logs.
Upvotes: 0 <issue_comment>username_3: Almost all the newer Android phones have native dialler apps that support call blocking. Your phone supports that too - a simple Google search shows so. Refer to this site:

<https://www.hardreset.info/devices/xiaomi/xiaomi-redmi-note-5/block-number/>

* Choose Call icon from the main screen.
* Tap on the right upper corner to select the Settings option.
* Scroll the list down, pick the Blocked Numbers
* Now, Add a Number to the blacklist.
* Finally, the added number is blocked already.
Upvotes: 0 <issue_comment>username_4: You can access Xiaomi call blocker that way:

1. Go to **Settings > System Apps > Call Settings > Blocklist**.
2. Enable Blocklist by sliding the toggle
3. To block any number you want, Click on the **Blocked numbers** > Click on **Add** & choose from the contacts or enter the contact you wanted to block manually.

[![one](https://i.stack.imgur.com/teCEf.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/teCEf.jpg)

(source: [xiaomigeek.com](https://www.xiaomigeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Block-Calls-on-Xiaomi.jpg))
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_5: This is possible in the phone dialer settings. In phone dialer settings, enable "Caller ID and spam protection" to ON and then click the "Block numbers" option and choose "Block unknown/private numbers" to ON. There is a problem if you choose "Block unknown/private numbers" to ON because if a new person from a company calls you for a job, you will not get that call. The best option is to add the numbers manually to the blocked list. Even if you block the person, you may see the text messages in the blocked list inside the messages app. You just delete all the messages in a while.
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: The Android YouTube app on my phone won't play any video with the vp09.00.51.08.01.01.01.01 codec, which seems to be every main stream, popular video.

My Android YouTube app will play videos with avc1.4d401e (134), which tend to be obscure low view videos. The only way I know how to check the codec is to look up the video from a desktop browser, right click the video and click "stats for nerds".

There are no errors shown in the app. The screen simply shows black and the audio plays normal.

YouTube works fine in the phone's browser, but not the app. I've uninstalled, reinstalled, cleared the cache, restarted the phone, and several combinations of all the above and can't get my YouTube app to work right.

Is there a way to update the codecs, or some other insight how to resolve the problem?

Edit:

The phone is a Korean model LG v20 F800L, so what Hax0 says makes perfect sense. I'm testing his answer now.<issue_comment>username_1: You did not mention the device you are using. Your device does not seem to have license/support to play the VP9 codec in its HW codecs.

* One workaround is to tricking the YouTube app that you are using a different device which has license for VP9 codecs (Most recent devices does). Unfortunately you need to Root your device to achieve this because it required to modify System Build.prop file or use Xposed modules.
* Other option is to use third party or modded YouTube apps like Vanced Youtube which has option to Force VP9 codecs. Use google to download this.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_2: Delete the app then Go into settings and allow unrecognised apps and it should work?
Upvotes: -1


<issue_start>username_0: I need to add my bookmarks window to the main page. For that, it asks me for a URL which I don't know what it is. I know that the URL for the history list is `chrome://history`.

I tried with the PC or desktop's `chrome://bookmarks`, but it didn't work.

What is the URL of bookmarks or favorites<issue_comment>username_1: There is no such URL for Chrome for Android as of version 80.0. All Chrome specific URLs are listed and can be accessed from `chrome://chrome-urls`. Bookmarks related URL is not listed there.

Second, for a user to access their Bookmarks a separate activity is launched named `org.chromium.chrome.browser.bookmarks.BookmarkActivity`, but this activity cannot be launched outside of Chrome.

In short, what you are after and specifically in the manner you are after is not possible on Chrome for Android.
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_2: If you're trying to set the home page URL, try this one (works fine for me in Android 11 Chrome):

chrome-native://bookmarks/

This will directly open your bookmarks when you launch Chrome (i.e. if there isn't already a tab open).
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: The text on screen is:
"Þöŵéŕ öƒƒ one two
Ŕéšţåŕţ one two
Ļöçķðöŵñ one two"
[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/13Ur5.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/13Ur5.jpg)<issue_comment>username_1: Play Store suggests having *500mb of free space* for your phone to work properly. So when have low on storage you can't install large apps even through apks.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_2: When you download an app from the Play store, you are getting the .apk file, which is an archive file (like a zip file). If you have a 500mb app, it will require 500mb to download the .apk and then a further 500mb+ to extract and install. There will be a temporary period, during installation where you need a total of 500+500mb, 1,000mb to get the app installed.
After installation is complete, the .apk archive is deleted, and you will again have 500mb free.
Try moving some data off your phone, onto your workstation, so you have plenty of space, then install the app. Once it is installed, and the apk deleted, move the data back from your workstation.
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: After reinstalling Windows, both two of my Samsung phones cannot be recognized by the OS. In Device Manager it shows this:

![](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NXWu2.png)

I tried to install:

* [Samsung USB Driver for Windows](https://developer.samsung.com/mobile/android-usb-driver.html)
* [Android Studio and SDK](https://developer.android.com/studio "Download Android Studio and SDK tools  |  Android Developers")
* [Samsung Smart Switch](https://www.samsung.com/us/support/owners/app/smart-switch/ "Samsung Smart Switch")

And activated USB Debugging mode, but none of this still work.

Despite of that Odin can still detect it:

![](https://i.stack.imgur.com/s7fkm.jpg)

Using `adb devices -l` yields this result:

```
List of devices attached
420039c4de446300       device product:j1x3gxx model:SM_J120H device:j1x3g

```

or

```
List of devices attached
504bc61e               device product:j2y18ltedx model:SM_J250F device:j2y18lte

```

Do you know why?<issue_comment>username_1: Often you first have to install the driver and then connect the device. If you do it the other way around the driver will not be applied correctly. Delete the shown MTP entry and disconnect + reconnect your phone. Also run Windows update with enabled "updates for all Microsoft products".

Regarding adb your new PC is unknown to the device (because the stored adb RSA key has been lost because of the new installation) and therefore it denies adb access (device unauthorized).

You first have to unlock the device (enter pin/password/pattern) and then accept the dialog that asks you if your device is allowed to connect via adb.

And that Odin works at the same time is because Odin uses different drivers. From the perspective of your computer you have 3 USB devices, one for MTP, one for adb and one for Odin. Check it out by selecting the MTP device and then changing the device manager "View" -> "Devices by connection".

You will see al the USB device endpoints from your device.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_2: It seems that the reason for this is because you are using the N version of Windows. Microsoft explicitly states that [some features are effected](https://support.microsoft.com/en-in/help/4057437/media-feature-pack-for-windows-10-n-april-2018 "Media Feature Pack for Windows 10 N (April 2018)") in this version. Users have reported that [the wpdmtp.inf file is missing](https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_10-other_settings/wpdmtpinf-file-is-missing/c085262b-a2c9-4fac-a3a5-80aea6df4799 "wpdmtp.inf file is missing - Microsoft Community"), and this is why the MTP protocol has error.

You can download [Media Feature Pack](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3145500/media-feature-pack-list-for-windows-n-editions "Media Feature Pack list for Windows N editions") to fix this.

And why does this need to happen?
From [What Is an “N” or “KN” Edition of Windows?](https://www.howtogeek.com/322112/what-is-an-n-or-kn-edition-of-windows/ "What Is an “N” or “KN” Edition of Windows?")

>
> These editions of Windows exist entirely for legal reasons. In 2004, the European Commission found Microsoft had violated European antitrust law, abusing its monopoly in the market to hurt competing video and audio applications. The EU fined Microsoft €500 million and required Microsoft to offer a version of Windows without Windows Media Player. Consumers and PC manufacturers can choose this version of Windows and install their preferred multimedia applications without Windows Media Player also being present. It’s not the only version of Windows offered in the European Union—it’s just an option that has to be available. This is why the “N” editions are only available in Europe.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 3 [selected_answer]


<issue_start>username_0: On an Android Nougat (7.1.1) set top box, `du` and `df` of my `/data` partition are very different:

```
$ adb shell du -sh /data
1.0G    /data
$ adb shell df -H /data
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/block/sda9  10G   10G  469M  96% /data

```

I don’t think that anything else is mounted under `/data`:

```
$ adb shell mount | grep "\/data"
/dev/block/sda9 on /data type ext4 (rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,relatime,discard,noauto_da_alloc,data=ordered)
$ adb shell mount | grep "sda9"
/dev/block/sda9 on /data type ext4 (rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,relatime,discard,noauto_da_alloc,data=ordered)

```

`lsof` indicates to me that there are dozens of processes holding hundreds of small deleted files of the sort

```
init          1       root    3w      CHR               1,11       0t0      14517 /dev/__kmsg__ (deleted)
ueventd     391       root    3w      CHR               1,11       0t0      14593 /dev/__kmsg__ (deleted)
  . . .
main        756       root  mem   unknown                                         /dev/ashmem/dalvik-large object space allocation (deleted)
main        756       root  mem   unknown                                         /dev/ashmem/dalvik-large object space allocation (deleted)
  . . .
omm.times  3934     system  mem   unknown                                         /dev/ashmem/dalvik-mark sweep sweep array free buffer (deleted)
omm.times  3934     system  mem   unknown                                         /dev/ashmem/dalvik-mark sweep sweep array free buffer (deleted)

```

Using `busybox`, results are different (`df` shows much less usage), but there is still a large discrepancy between `du` and `df`:

```
$ adb shell busybox du -sh /data
389.4M  /data
$ adb shell busybox df -h /data
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/userdata
                          9.7G      8.6G      1.1G  89% /data

```

And using `toybox`, the results are similar to `busybox`:

```
$ adb shell toybox du -sh /data
389M    /data
$ adb shell toybox df -h /data
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/block/sda9  10G  8.6G  1.1G  89% /data

```

It think that it's important to note that ***these numbers remain similar after a reboot***.

Also, I wish to note that I cannot OTA update this device's Android due to running out of disk space, even though the OTA image is only about 1GB in size. This fact leads me to believe that the results of `df` are accurate in terms of actual available disk space.

All adb commands are run as root i.e., I did `adb root` before executing them. But at risk of making this question be too verbose, here's everything run at the adb prompt:

```
$ adb shell
Z:/ # whoami
root
Z:/ # du -sh /data
389M    /data
Z:/ # df -h /data
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/block/sda9  10G  8.6G  1.1G  89% /data
10.197.12.14:/ # busybox du -sh /data
389.4M  /data
Z:/ # busybox df -h /data
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/userdata
                          9.7G      8.6G      1.1G  89% /data
Z:/ # toybox du -sh /data
389M    /data
Z:/ # toybox df -h /data
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/block/sda9  10G  8.6G  1.1G  89% /data
Z:/ #

```

A user in comments has asked for the following:

```
Z:/ # while read num; do (( sum += num )); done <<< $(find /data -type f -exec stat -c%b {} +); expr $sum / 2048
393

```

I understand that `du` reports free space by scanning reachable nodes, and that this could therefore mean that my file system is corrupt. However, unfortunately, this is for devices in the field, and I don’t want to have to (and don’t think I can) run `fsck` or `e2fsck`.

What might be causing the huge difference between `du` and `df` on this device, and how might this problem be resolved? I’m happy to provide further logs.<issue_comment>username_1: `df` stands for "Disk Free". That means, it just needs to check with the "global file system information" about free space (accessible for all users). The size of the file system itself is also "globally available". The difference logically is the "used space". Done.

`du` works differently: not on file system level but on file level. It needs to look up each directory and file separately, gather it's size, and sum that up. So it can only take into account what it has access to.

Now you've run both commands as "normal user" – who has no permission to traverse e.g. `/data/data` (where all the apps' data is stored). So it can only sum up a portion of what space is occupied on `/data`. Would you run both commands as root user (as the screenshot in the comment by [alecxs](https://android.stackexchange.com/users/170470/alecxs) shows), numbers would be much closer together – as usually root can access all files. Though as again Alex correctly points out: there is still [SELinux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SELinux) which might deny full access – which according to him is a known issue for `mtk-su` on the Amazon FireTV stick, and might be the culprit here, and isolated mount [namespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_namespaces) could be yet another reason for invisible files.

**TL;DR:** there's neither a file system corruption, nor a broken `du` binary necessarily causing the difference. All might work as designed. If you want to make sure, you can run `fsck` (if you prefer, in read-only mode) to rule out the former – and set up a test case on a different place for the latter.
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_2: The /data partition was indeed corrupted.

After running `e2fsck -p /dev/block/sda9`, here was the updated `du` and `df` (again, after doing an `adb root`):

```
$ adb shell du -s /data
1.3G    /data
$ adb shell df -H /data
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/block/sda9  10G  1.5G  8.9G  15% /data

```

After fixing the file system, the device ran properly and updated successfully thereafter.

(Note that I found that I had to run `e2fsck` with the `-p` option; it wouldn't run interactively for some reason.)

A portion of the output of the above `e2fsck` command is

```
data contains a file system with errors, check forced.
data: Deleted inode 163845 has zero dtime.  FIXED.
data: Deleted inode 163847 has zero dtime.  FIXED.
data: Deleted inode 163849 has zero dtime.  FIXED.
   . . . [snip ] . . .
data: Deleted inode 213003 has zero dtime.  FIXED.
data: Deleted inode 262223 has zero dtime.  FIXED.
data: Deleted inode 303108 has zero dtime.  FIXED.
data: 5203/655360 files (2.0% non-contiguous), 186831/2621440 blocks

```

There were a total of 140 lines of the sort `data: Deleted inode...`

FWIW, we are guessing that this problem was possibly caused by the filesystem becoming full with logs, which then caused corruption during the next attempted download of OTA updates: Those downloads failed, but thereafter left the file system in a corrupted state. Subsequent attempts at those downloads seemed to further corrupt the file system.

Thanks very much to @alecxs for your persistence and relevant details. (However, please note that to run `e2fsck`, the partition /dev/block/sda9 had to be UNmounted.)
Upvotes: 2 [selected_answer]


<issue_start>username_0: I'm trying to use Google's voice typing, but it is not able to punctuate my sentences.
No matter I say "point", "dot" or "comma", it always writes it into my text.

Earlier I though this is only because I wanted to use the voice typing in other languages (not English). But now I'm trying to reach this functionality in English.

Is there any hidden tricks to enable the punctuation on Android 11 (Samsung)?

I found someone used the Swype keyboard which is obsolete now (since 2018). So really what are my options?<issue_comment>username_1: *This answer explains the background history of the built-in feature in Android Studio. For the technology used and 3rd-party software, you can read [my answer here](https://android.stackexchange.com/a/249230/44325).*

---

As of 26 January 2022, the feature can be used on the stable version of [Android Studio Bumblebee 2021.1.1](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/past-releases#expandable-2) with Android 11+ devices. Though, [the performance may still be buggy on some platforms](https://www.androidpolice.com/android-studio-bumblebee-stable/).

### Background History

While the revamped wireless debugging has been known since

* the source code commits in October 2019 by [XDA](https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-native-wireless-adb/)

>
> On the user-side, Google plans to add a new “wireless debugging” switch in Developer Options that supports pairing devices by scanning a QR code or entering a 6 digit code.
>
>
>
* the release of Android 11 DP2 in March 2020, as reported by [9 to 5 Google](https://9to5google.com/2020/03/18/android-11-dp2-wireless-adb-debugging/) and [Android Police](https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/03/18/android-11-developer-preview-2-fully-supports-wireless-adb/)

it was first introduced officially on [Android 11: Developer Preview 3](https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/04/android-11-developer-preview-3.html) in April 2020.

>
> **Wireless Debugging** - In Android 11, we’ve completely revamped the debugging experience using ADB over a Wi-Fi connection. With limited USB ports on laptops, and a myriad of USB cables & connections to manage, the Wireless Debugging feature in Android 11 can help you be more productive. Unlike the existing TCP/IP debugging workflow, Wireless Debugging on Android 11 does not need a cable to set up, remembers connections over time, and can utilize the full speed of the latest Wi-Fi standards. In DP3, use the pairing code workflow to get started with this developer feature. ***We plan to add an integrated experience for Wireless Debugging with QR code scanning in a future Android Studio release***, but we want to get your early feedback on the command line tool offered in Android 11 DP3. For details, see the [documentation](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/features#wireless-adb).
>
>
> (Emphasis added, link fixed)
>
>
>

However, it was not until December 2020 that the new Android Studio Canary version, [Android Studio Arctic Fox (2020.3.1)](https://developers.googleblog.com/2020/12/announcing-android-studio-arctic-fox.html) shown the pairing interface for the first time.

>
> Lastly, for those running MacOS (other platforms are coming soon) with the latest Android Platform tools and an Android 11 device, you can try out the IDE integration for the [Wireless ADB](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb#wireless-adb-android-11) feature by going to the **Run** device selection dialogue → **Pair Devices Using Wi-Fi**.
>
>
> ![](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UngIjm.png)
>
>
> *Menu to access Wireless ADB feature*
>
>
> ![](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rlt6wm.png)
>
>
> *Wireless ADB Setup Window*
>
>
>
Upvotes: 5 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: You can pair your phone wirelessly using ADB by following these steps:

1. Make sure your phone and laptop are on the same network.
2. Open the following menu on your phone: `Settings`>`Developer options`>`Wireless debugging`. Enable the feature and then click on `Pair device with pairing code` on the same screen.
3. Open a terminal on your laptop and use the below command to pair your phone with your laptop:

```
adb pair host:port code

```

You can find `host`, `port` and `code` on your phone screen after clicking on `Pair device with pairing code` in the `wireless debugging` menu.

4. Run the below command to make sure the pairing has been done successfully:

```
adb devices

```
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_1: *This answer explains the technology used and 3rd-party software. For background history of the built-in feature in Android Studio, you can read [my answer here](https://android.stackexchange.com/a/234468/44325).*

---

**Android 11 and ADB utilize [multicast DNS (mDNS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS) for its wireless pairing.**

[ADB 30.0.0](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools#3000_april_2020) added support for wireless pairing, including commands like:

* `adb pair` to pair the Android device with the host machine using pairing code
* `adb mdns check` to check which mDNS daemon is used

	+ On Windows, using [Openscreen discovery](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/adb/+/f4ba8d73079b99532069dbe888a58167b8723d6c%5E%21/) added in [ADB 31.0.2](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools#3102_april_2021):

	```
	C:\android-sdk\platform-tools> adb mdns check
	mdns daemon version [Openscreen discovery 0.0.0]

	```
	+ On Windows, using Bonjour service

	```
	C:\android-sdk\platform-tools> adb mdns check
	mdns daemon version [2140303]

	```
* `adb mdns services` to list available mDNS services created by the Android devices

```
C:\android-sdk\platform-tools> adb mdns services
List of discovered mdns services
adb-941AY0HXWG-r8Nucn   _adb-tls-connect._tcp.  192.168.0.147:37387
adb-941AY0HXWG-r8Nucn   _adb-tls-pairing._tcp.  192.168.0.147:42885

```

In addition to the built-in feature in Android Studio, there is also some 3rd-party software that simulates the same process by generating a QR code to initiate the wireless pairing:

* [GitHub - benigumocom/debug\_from\_qr.py](https://gist.github.com/benigumocom/a6a87fc1cb690c3c4e3a7642ebf2be6f): an executable Python 3 script
	+ Dependency packages:

		- zeroconf
		- qrencode
			* Windows executable: [GitHub - valterfukuoka
			/
			qrencodecompilewindows](https://github.com/valterfukuoka/qrencodecompilewindows)
	+ Demo video: [YouTube - BENIGUMO.COM - Pair device with QR code - Android11](https://youtu.be/bI2ljXBj-I8?t=74)
	+ Sample

	```
	C:\> py .\debug_from_qr.py
	█████████████████████████████████
	█████████████████████████████████
	████ ▄▄▄▄▄ █ ██▀▀ █ ▀█ ▄▄▄▄▄ ████
	████ █   █ █  ▀█▄█▄▀▄█ █   █ ████
	████ █▄▄▄█ █▀  █ ▄ ▄▄█ █▄▄▄█ ████
	████▄▄▄▄▄▄▄█▄█ ▀▄▀ █▄█▄▄▄▄▄▄▄████
	████ ▄██ ▄▄▀██▄▀▀▀ █ ▀█ █▄ ▄▄████
	████▄▄▄▄▀▀▄▄▀ ▄█▄▄▀▄███▄▄████████
	████ ▄▄ ▄█▄▀▀▀▀▀▀ ▄▀█▀▄▀▀ ▄▄▄████
	██████▄█▀█▄▄ ▄██▄▄▀▄▄▄▀▄█▄▀▄▀████
	████▄▄██▄█▄▄ ▄▀▀▄▀ ▀ ▄▄▄   ▀▀████
	████ ▄▄▄▄▄ █▀▄█▄▄▄▀▄ █▄█  ▀██████
	████ █   █ █▄ ███▀▄█ ▄▄  ▄▄▄ ████
	████ █▄▄▄█ █▀▄█▄▄▄▀▀ ▄▄▄█▄▀ ▀████
	████▄▄▄▄▄▄▄█▄█▄█▄▄█▄████▄▄██▄████
	█████████████████████████████████
	█████████████████████████████████
	Scan QR code to pair new devices.
	[Developer options]-[Wireless debugging]-[Pair device with QR code]
	Press enter to exit...

	Service debug._adb-tls-pairing._tcp.local. added.
	service info: ServiceInfo(type='_adb-tls-pairing._tcp.local.', name='debug._adb-tls-pairing._tcp.local.', addresses=[b'\xc0\xa8\x00\x93', b'\xc0\xa8\x00\x9f'], port=40067, weight=0, priority=0, server='Android-2.local.', properties={}, interface_index=None)

	adb pair Android-2.local.:40067 123456
	Successfully paired to Android-2.local.:40067 [guid=adb-941AY0HXWG-r8Nucn]
	Service debug._adb-tls-pairing._tcp.local. removed.
	Press enter to exit...

	List of devices attached
	adb-941AY0HXWG-r8Nucn._adb-tls-connect._tcp. device product:sargo model:Pixel_3a device:sargo transport_id:3

	```
* [GitHub - saleehk/adb-wifi](https://github.com/saleehk/adb-wifi): an NPM command line interface (CLI) tool
	+ Install: `npm i adb-wifi -g`
	+ Usage: `adb-wifi`
	+ Sample

	```
	C:\> adb-wifi
	[Developer options]->[Wireless debugging]->[Pair device with QR code]
	▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
	█ ▄▄▄▄▄ █▄▀ ▀ ▀ █▄▄█▄▀▄▄ ██ ▄▄▄▄▄ █
	█ █   █ █   █▀  ▀▀█▄ █▀ ███ █   █ █
	█ █▄▄▄█ █▄█▀ ▄█▀▄█▄▄ █ ██▀█ █▄▄▄█ █
	█▄▄▄▄▄▄▄█▄█ █ █ █▄▀▄█ █▄▀▄█▄▄▄▄▄▄▄█
	█  ▄▄▀▀▄█▄█ ▄   ▄▀ ██  ██▄▄██▄▄▄▀ █
	█▀▀▀▀▄▀▄▄▄  ▄▄▀▄▀▀███▄█▄▄▀▀ ▀▀ ▄█▄█
	█▄▀ █▄▀▄█▀ ▄▀ ▄▄▄▀█▀▄▄▀ ▄  ▀ █▄▄█ █
	█▀ ██ ▀▄ ▀▀▀ █▄▀█ ▄▄ █ ▄▀ ▀  ▄█▀█▀█
	██▄ ▄█▀▄█▄▀▄█▄ ▀▄█▀▄ ▀   ▀▄▄▀▀█  ▄█
	█▄▀▄▄  ▄▀█  ▀█▄▀▄ ▀ ▀ █ ▀█ █▄ ██ ▀█
	█ █▄ ▄▀▄ █  ██ ▄█▀▄▄▄▀   ███ ██▀▄▄█
	██▀▄██▄▄ ▄ █▀▀ ▄█▄▄▄█ ██  ██▄ ▀█▄ █
	█▄█▄█▄▄▄▄ ▀█ ▄▀▄▄ ▀█▀  ▄▄ ▄▄▄ █▄ ▀█
	█ ▄▄▄▄▄ ██ ▀▀ █ ▀▀▄▀▄▄▀▀▀ █▄█ ▀▀▀██
	█ █   █ █▀ ▄▀▄▄█▄█▀▄█▀▀  ▄▄▄  ▄█ ▄█
	█ █▄▄▄█ █ █▄██▄█▄▄▀▀█▄▄▄▀█▀▀▀▀▀█▄▀█
	█▄▄▄▄▄▄▄█▄██▄▄██▄█▄███▄█▄█▄▄██▄▄███

	stdout: Successfully paired to 192.168.0.147:38629 [guid=adb-941AY0HXWG-r8Nucn]

	```

**mDNS Compatibility**

Since this feature depends on mDNS, different operating systems may have different compatibility:

* **Apple** has a native implementation in iOS and macOS
* **Linux** distros tend to implement mDNS through the Avahi daemon
* **Windows** does not have a native implementation until Windows 10 (1703), but even then it may still fail:
	+ User may need to install [Apple's Bonjour Print Services](https://support.apple.com/kb/DL999)
	+ [Super User - How to enable mDNS on Windows 10 build 17134?](https://superuser.com/q/1330027/356789)

---

Additional references:

* [XDA Developers - Android 11 may finally bring a proper, native Wireless ADB implementation](https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-native-wireless-adb/)
* [Android finally supports a basic networking feature: mDNS .local resolution](https://blog.esper.io/android-dessert-bites-26-mdns-local-47912385/)
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_3: Just wanted to add that if you try to scan the QR code directly from the camera, like on a Pixel by pointing it at the QR code and clicking the link, it won't work. You will get an error message that says "QR Code contains incorrect WiFi password". This error message is a red herring, it has nothing to do with the WiFi password, you just can't pair with the QR code by scanning it with the camera

Instead, like is mentioned in username_2's answer, you have to go to:

Settings --> System --> Developer options --> Wireless debugging (Yes you can click the text) --> Pair device with QR code

Then when you scan the QR code it should work. I think it's bad UI design that you have to click on the "Wireless debugging" text since it looks like that's just a single radio button to toggle the Wireless debugging option, but in actuality there's an entire sub-menu hidden behind it.
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: I have a Redmi Note 7 (lavender)

As I was updating between custom ROM versions (Android 11) and the stock ROM (MIUI), I messed up a few things and ended up with broken encryption. The internal storage is showing up as 0MB, possibly due to this. I know the password, and when I enter it into TWRP's password scren, it shows it as being successful, but I'm getting the error: `Unable to mount storage`

Any ideas on how to fix this?<issue_comment>username_1: Depends on the type of encryption, if it's only 9 bits, it wouldn't take long to crack the encryption with the right tools, but to be honest, unless it's some REALLY valuable data, just format it. If you messed up the encryption though, it could have some bad sectors I wouldn't trust it for any data handling tasks.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_1: Remember: You don't need to decrypt it using TWRP, just format it on a PC with an SD card reader, format it while being booted into android, and there ya go, you have a new SD card ready to go.
Upvotes: -1


<issue_start>username_0: Having them in the English order at all times would make it unambiguous what's the first or surname, but it wouldn't honour originally Japanese names, in my opinion.

The solution might be similar to [my other question on anime / manga titles](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/q/35/20), with tag synonyms.<issue_comment>username_1: I think it depends on *which* name you use. Use the conventions of the culture that the name is from, but respect the intent of the original work.

So if an English name is used in a Japanese series, then use the English name, as the creators of the series intended for the name to be represented in that way.
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_2: We should use the English ordering as the primary tag, and the Japanese ordering name as a synonym. See my answer [here](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/35/should-anime-manga-names-tags-be-in-english-international-title-or-romaniz/53#53), which covers my thoughts on anime/manga series tags, but also applies here.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_3: It's a bit of a hit-or-miss for me.

I only ever watch Anime in Japanese now, so hearing/reading the Eastern order is pretty natural to me. It throws me off every now and then to hear/read it in the Western order, but a context in which it makes sense are Anglicized characters, such as <NAME> from *Love Hina*, or Gene Starwind from *Outlaw Star*.

I feel that we should be willing to accept both forms, since not everyone knows/hears the Eastern order of names, and there are series in which the names are read in their localized order.
Upvotes: 2


<issue_start>username_0: I think we should include a faq on how to use the spoiler markup in the faq or somewhere more accessible for new users, as anime contains a lot of spoilers and many new users don't use the advanced help link when creating a question.

Just looking for a better way to inform users about the markup, otherwise this will be the main job for moderaters, implementing spoiler markup for questions by new users.

Suggestions?<issue_comment>username_1: I disagree with the other answer.

Unique features for unique sites is used on sites like [math.se] for ages.

There shouldn't be much of a problem implementing it if and when the site goes live.
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_2: >
> Just looking for a better way to inform users about the markup, otherwise this will be the main job for moderaters, implementing spoiler markup for questions by new users.
>
>
>

That's how it should be. Spoiler markup - which *hides information* - is by-design a *reader-hostile feature!* It should be used sparingly, and avoided whenever possible.

The last thing you want to do is encourage new users to start spoiler-marking every last detail of their posts on the off-chance that someone doesn't know them yet. This is supposed to be a community of experts and those seeking expert knowledge - don't [hide your light under a bushel](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_under_a_bushel).
Upvotes: 4 [selected_answer]


<issue_start>username_0: [Now that we know there's enough interest](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/a/2605/1530), let's start filling in the details.

First up on the *to-decide* list is **the venue/event** that we can meet up at. This way, we get an A&M Meetup **AND** another fun event - that can be enjoyed together or individually.

There were some strong suggestions in the survey, but we don't know which one is best for everyone. Therefore, this post is for **suggesting the venue you would like the Great A&M EU Meetup to be located.**

[![by hakaru-chan1](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XxF7Z.png)](http://www.deviantart.com/art/Hetalia-Map-Europe-435633235)

Feel free to elaborate on the suggestions you gave in the survey.

Obvious events are conventions / anime gatherings - but feel free to suggest anything we might find interesting! Please keep the [Locations of our users](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/a/2605/1530) in mind though.

You can promote your choice through pictures, videos, long passages of text, cookies, whatever!

(But please use the format below)

>
> **Venue Proposal:** Event/Venue Name
>
>
> **Country**: Country Name
>
>
> **Date (if applicable)**: 01/01/2016
>
>
> **Why Should We Pick Here?** Do your best to sell it to us!
>
>
> **Things to bear in mind:** Is it expensive? non-english? hard to reach? safe? etc.
>
>
><issue_comment>username_1: **Venue Proposal:** [Japan Expo Paris](http://www.japan-expo-paris.com/en/)

**Country:** France

**Date (if applicable):** 07-10 July 2016

**Why Should We Pick Here?**

This is the largest convention in Europe. Last year saw 250,000 attendees.

The European Cosplay Gathering Finals are held here

And lots of exciting concerts from artists from Japan!

Definitely lots of things to do

**Things to bear in mind:**

Paris can be expensive.

Most of the convention is in French.
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_1: **Venue Proposal:** [Anime Con](http://www.animecon.nl/)

**Country:** The Netherlands (The Hague)

**Date (if applicable):** Juneish 2016

**Why Should We Pick Here?**

Most of our attendees would be here - Higher turn out rate! Also people who may know the area.

[Lots of events](http://program.animecon.nl/)

Hosts a more casual [international cosplay contest](http://www.animecon.nl/program/events/cosplay-competitions/cccc) - more centered on the 'fun' of cosplay

And lots of exciting concerts!

Workshops :)

Maybe a cosplay meetup in a park?

Convention has a focus on anime

**Things to bear in mind:**

None that I know of.

[~93% of Dutch speak english to some degree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_in_the_Netherlands)
Upvotes: 4 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_1: **Venue Proposal:** [London Anime & Gaming Con](http://www.londonanimecon.com/index.php)

**Country**: England, UK

**Date (if applicable):** 5-7 Feb 2016

**Why Should We Pick Here?**

99.9999% of people will speak English

Central - Good access

<NAME> is one of the announced guests (she's great, saw her when she visited Ireland :3 )

A little smaller, more friendly feel, less company-ish.

Opening party wooo!

**Things to bear in mind:**

London is expensive.
Upvotes: 2


<issue_start>username_0: When I watched The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya on DVD, the episodes were shown out of order. It was somewhat funny, since in the previews, Haruhi and Kyon argue about which episode number comes next, but other than that, I didn't see the point of it. It didn't have interwoven plot threads, or any in-universe reason to be shown out of order. It looks like in other releases, the episodes were arranged in chronological order, so it must not have been essential to the viewing of the series.

Put simply: **Why did The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya have a version that was not in chronological order?**<issue_comment>username_1: As far as I can tell (and admittedly this is a bit speculative), the reason was to spread out the plot to avoid having the second half be entirely episodic. The creators knew that the main plot (episodes 1-6 in chronological order) would not take a full season (14 episodes), but the next major storyline was not for a while, so they had to insert some episodic content. However, these 6 episodes don't leave much room for breaks, and equally importantly they would rather use canon content from the light novels than make up their own.

So the creators used content from future light novels. This let them intersperse the plot with the episodic material. The 6 plot-related episodes are all in order among themselves, and the others are placed in whatever order the director thought was best (e.g. in terms of character development).

I'm looking for something official to confirm this, but I've had no luck so far. Barring that, this seems to be at least the prevailing opinion of most people on the internet.
Upvotes: 5 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: According to [asosbrigade.com](http://web.archive.org/web/20080107085851/http://asosbrigade.com/oplet01/), the [ASOS Brigade site run](http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-12-25/bandai-entertainment-updates-haruhi-suzumiya-site) by Bandai:

>
> The Regular Edition DVDs contain the exact same episode order as released in Japan on the R2 DVDs. [...] Due to pre-existing contractual obligations, the regular edition MUST contain the R2 DVD ordering of episodes. This was set in stone, there were no exceptions. [...] After deeply intense negotiations to try and please the existing fan-base, we are able to release a Special Bonus DVD in the TV Broadcast order as an extra.
>
>
>

According to a [DVD 1 review](http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/the-melancholy-of-haruhi-suzumiya/dvd-1) by ANN (May 31st, 2007):

>
> Another oddity came in the fourth broadcast episode, which originally jumped ahead to episode 7. This DVD release does not do this, however, instead opting to release the episodes in chronological rather than the scrambled broadcast order
>
>
>

According to the [episodes list on ANN](http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=6430&page=25), the broadcast order against chronological order is:

```
Broadcast       1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14
Chronological  11  1  2  7  3  9  8 10 14  4 13 12  5  6

```

This order is reported in the [episodes list on Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Melancholy_of_Haruhi_Suzumiya_episodes) as well, with DVD release following the chronological order with the only exception being the first episode.

asosbrigade.com reports the chronological order (C) as Haruhi's order, and the broadcast, "scrambled" order as Kyon's order (B). The Regular Edition DVD order is Haruhi's order, with the exception of the first episode.

Regular edition was and *ever* was in the right order because of "contractual obligation": [Region 2](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_region_code) DVD (Japan) must apparently have the same content of [Region 1](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_region_code) DVD (USA). Bandai was pressured by fans to release the "scrambled" version.

Why did they have to, back in 2006-2007? From here on, speculations: because fanbase watched the fansubbed version from the broadcast (2006-04-02 ~ 2006-07-02) and ask for that order. I cannot find evidence of requests by fans to do so, so we have to trust Bandai's words in the meanwhile.
Upvotes: 4 <issue_comment>username_3: Good question!

As far as I can tell, the broadcast was released in that order to improve the flow of the season's episodes, best establish the relationship between Haruhi and Kyon, and to best appeal to Haruhi's existing fanbase. This ties in with username_1's entirely correct point about spreading out the plot.

The broadcast begins with *The Adventures of Mikuru Asahina*, which I believe was a fan-favorite storyline, to both satisfy fans and establish the weirdness of the Haruhi universe. The broadcast then leaps backwards in time to begin the story proper.

The rest of the episodes build the relationship between Haruhi and Kyon, culminating in Kyon's realization about Haruhi's first act of selflessness, just after the school festival.
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_4: From a writer's standpoint, showing the episodes in the order in which they originally aired was almost certainly a move to improve the flow of the story. If you read the books, although the idea behind Vol. 1 is fascinating, it's mostly the protagonist talking to various characters who explain the situation to him, and there's only one real action scene (or possibly two). Vol. 2 has lots of action, since it's made up of short stories, but no real overarching plot. By breaking up both volumes and scrambling them, they made the overarching plot of Vol. 1 cover the whole season, while using the short stories in Vol. 2 to provide the "action" episodes that Vol. 1 was lacking, and the discrepancies between the volumes (Why does that one character wear glasses in Vol. 1 but not in Vol. 2? Where did that other character go? etc.) helped to keep audiences interested and guessing.

In my opinion, putting the movie first was a genius move: It actually tells you a whole lot about the main story and the principal characters, but there's no way to know that or understand how deeply ironic it is until Yuki starts explaining the actual world a few episodes later. If the writers had put it near the end of the anime, the brilliant penny-drop moment when you realize that all the crazy stuff that you snorted at in the movie is actually happening in real life (well, sort of) wouldn't have existed.
Upvotes: 2


<issue_start>username_0: The Pokémon Special manga series, the "main" Pokémon manga adaptation, has about 40 volumes and take place along all the Pokémon "generations" but how are they related to each other?

I mean, the main characters in each saga changes, so I don't understand how or if they are related to each other or are some kind of "different series" under the same title.<issue_comment>username_1: They're set in the same universe. Stories sometimes span chapters (Bulbapedia's name for "sagas"), and main characters from earlier chapters make appearances in later ones.
Upvotes: 3 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: [*Pokemon **Adventures***](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Adventures) is **divided into several distinct parts**, or adventures. There are twelve major divisions at present. Namely

1. Pokémon Adventures: Red, Blue & Green
2. Pokémon Adventures: Yellow
3. Pokémon Adventures: Gold, Silver & Crystal
4. Pokémon Adventures: Ruby & Sapphire
5. Pokémon Adventures: FireRed & LeafGreen
6. Pokémon Adventures: Emerald
7. Pokémon Adventures: Diamond & Pearl
8. Pokémon Adventures: Platinum
9. Pokémon Adventures: HeartGold & SoulSilver
10. Pokémon Adventures: Black & White
11. Pokémon Adventures: Black 2 & White 2
12. Pokémon Adventures: X & Y

Basically all adventures **take place in the same Pokemon world** (see map below), but at different locations. Since the manga is based on the video games it makes sense that the protagonists change from adventure to adventure, but they remain in the same timeline and world. They remain at different locations, but their stories intertwine at many occasions. It is therefore not surprising that **protagonists from earlier adventures reoccur** in later chapters. This can, for example, be seen when in the third adventure all gym leaders from Kanto have to compete with those of Johto at the 10th Pokemon league. It can also be seen in the third adventure that all seven aforementioned protagonists have to work together to defeat the main villain in the *Last Battle* from chapter 167 to 180.

[![enter image description here!](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u6M4Qm.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u6M4Q.jpg)

I guess you could say that the adventures are seen **from professor Oak's point of view**, since in that same chapter 180 we can see how Crystal finished the pokedex. She completed the Pokedex with data on the remaining Pokemon of the original 251 known Pokemon at the time. At this point we can see Professor Oak say

>
> The truth is, about 100 new Pokemon have appeared and I'd thought of asking her to help...
>
>
>

[![enter image description here!](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kaz14m.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kaz14.jpg)

I doubt those 100 Pokemon just *appeared*. The people of the Hoenn region are probably well aware of the existence of these Pokemon, but professor Oak, might just recently have heard about them. So in that sense, we see the world evolve from the point of view of those from Kanto and especially professor Oak as the most frequent recurring character in the series.

**Map of the Pokemon world**

[![enter image description here!](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vBZlTm.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vBZlT.png)
Upvotes: 3


<issue_start>username_0: The question is easy: At which age are people, when they are revived using Edo-Tensei? Are they exactly of that age they died? Or can the user of Edo-Tensei decide, how old the ninjas are?<issue_comment>username_1: As far as I know there haven't been cases of the revived being younger or older. They're just the age they were at the moment of death.

For example;

>
>  when Asuma ([see here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FAjVO.jpg)) is revived by Kabuto, he looks exactly the same as when he died. It might even be they still wear the same clothes, but I haven't checked for every revived.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_2: Normally they were revived at the age of their dead. But the summoner can modify this part. As found on [this](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Summoning%3a_Impure_World_Reincarnation) site:

>
>  Kabuto can also modify his summoned fighters, as he did with Madara Uchiha. While the technique usually reincarnates the deceased at the exact state they were in at the time of their deaths, Kabuto noted that he brought Madara back in a state that was "beyond his prime" and was reincarnated much younger than when he died an old man as well as instilling him with abilities he had acquired in his old age.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_3: According to the Naruto Wiki page on Edo Tensei, when [summoning](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Summoning%3a_Impure_World_Reincarnation#Summoning)

>
> the reincarnated seem to retain any permanent body damage and physical limitations they received during their lifetime.1
>
>
>

I think this means that normally they would be resurrected with the age they had upon their time of death, as well as physical conditions.

However, as we know, and the page describes in the [enhancements](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Summoning%3a_Impure_World_Reincarnation#Enhancements) part, (quote follows, as is on the site)

>
>  Kabuto can also modify his summoned fighters, as he did with Madara Uchiha. While the technique usually reincarnates the deceased at the exact state they were in at the time of their deaths, Kabuto noted that he brought Madara back in a state that was "beyond his prime"2 and was reincarnated much younger than when he died an old man as well as instilling him with abilities he had acquired in his old age.
>
>
>

So, basically, I think that the user may perfect the Jutsu in order to obtain the results he wants, provided that he has enough skill and knowledge on the Jutsu to do it.

>
>  Or maybe only Kabuto can do it like that.
>
>
>

---

1 This piece of data is stated in the [Wiki](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Summoning%3a_Impure_World_Reincarnation#Summoning), but I do not recall if it was referenced in any manga chapter, so bear that in mind.

2 *Naruto* chapter 560, page 3.
Upvotes: 4 [selected_answer]


<issue_start>username_0: According to [the Naruto Wiki page on Jiraiya](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Jiraiya), he

>
> "left Konoha so he could follow Orochimaru's movements, as well as those of "Akatsuki", an organization which Orochimaru had eventually joined."
>
>
>

---

Orochimaru was at Konoha during the [Chuunin Exam Arc](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Ch%C5%ABnin_Exam_Arc), making his first appearance (as far as I remember) during the [second phase](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Ch%C5%ABnin_Exam_Arc#Second_Phase) (in the Forest of Death).

Jiraiya made his first appearance between the [preliminaries](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Ch%C5%ABnin_Exam_Arc#Preliminaries) and the [finals](http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Ch%C5%ABnin_Exam_Arc#Finals) (in chapter 90).

There is a fairly short period of time between these two appearances.

---

We quickly see that Jiraiya knows who Naruto is, as he is trying to control his chakra to walk on water (in chapter 91). He first notices something when he sees Naruto trying to walk on water:

[![Chapter 91, page 10](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5WbwEm.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5WbwE.jpg)

We then have a full confirmation that he knows who he is:

[![Chapter 91, page 12](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zSRKqm.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zSRKq.jpg)

In this chapter he also notices that there is some weird overlaying of seals, which he deduces was Orochimaru's work.

---

Now, my question is:

**Did Naruto and Jiraiya meet by chance, as Jiraiya was tracking down Orochimaru's movements?** (in which case Jiraiya only knew who Naruto was after seeing the seal in his stomach)

**Or did he know who Naruto was before having seen him trying to walk on water, and tracked him down?** (possibly to protect him from Orochimaru, and in which case he would've been watching over Naruto since his parents died)<issue_comment>username_1: It probably depends on how far you are with the series:

>
> Jiraya knew who Naruto was from the beginning, Minato talked with Jiraya and made him his godfather, he also told Jiraya they are going to name him Naruto. So he knew about Naruto and watched over him from birth and started training him later on.
>
>
>

1. They didn't meet by chance, he already knew about Naruto and the seal, he knew about the 4th's seal, that's how he knew it had been tampered with by Orochimaru.
2. I think this is the case, Jiraya said he was getting research for his book, but I think Jiraya, being his godfather, tracked him down to begin his training.
Upvotes: 4 <issue_comment>username_2: Jiraiya knew Naruto's parents, well actually he knew the whole backstory. So, he would have definitely known that Naruto is the 'nine tails' from start. He didn't come forward because Naruto was not ready. As we see, the first time they meet, Jiraiya was acting like he didn't care about Naruto, but right after commits to train him.
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_3: Something that most of the answers have missed is Jiriya was the keeper of the key to the seal that was used to seal the nine tailed fox. So he has to know about Naruto being the Jinchuriki.

Next point is, the name "Naruto" is actually the name of the character that Jiraya created in his first book. In later episodes it is shown that Minato decided that he too would name his child as Naruto, and Jiraya comments that, that makes him the godfather to the child.

Now, had Jiraya known Naruto by name and face is just speculation, as no substantial information has been provided in this matter, but he is sure to have recognised who this "Naruto" is once Naruto mentions his name to him. Furthermore, once he sees the seal on Naruto's stomach (the key of which lock lies with him) there shouldn't be any more doubts for him.
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_4: Jiraiya should have already known who Naruto was because he knew Minato (4th hokage). Naruto and his dad Minato look so much alike, as Jiraiya said himself in one of the episodes, so he probably was acting as if he didn't know Naruto. Plus, Minato asked Jiraiya if he could name his son Naruto after the character in the book Jiraiya wrote ("tales of a gutsy ninja").
Upvotes: 2


<issue_start>username_0: What does Unohana Retsu's Bankai do?

It was not so clear in the manga.<issue_comment>username_1: As for all the information that is currently available

>
> she finally enables her Bankai! Blood spills from the skies, as though it was rain, she enables it caller her Minazuki Bankai out! Zaraki notices all the blood that’s dropping! Unohana’s sword is straightened and changes into a sword with never-ending blood oozing from it. She mentions that the play is over!
>  Both of them go crazy and quickly go on their attacks! They keep on clashing, Zaraki can feel that the sword Unohana currently has melts her, it starts to degrade his face from skin to flesh and to bone! He mentions that it’s fun! He notices his hands and cloths degrade away from his bony hands. He asks himself what that is, he mentions that everything seems to be different, at the same time, he sees Unohana with no face except bones!
>  Zaraki mentions that everything is so different, he’s been asleep, he’s just been dreaming about their contacts over and over again, he calls this exchange to have no name, but thanks to her, she now realizes that this can be called, Fighting! They keep on clashing swords and spilling blood! Unohana mentions that she likes fighting! Zaraki likes it so much that he can’t help it, Zaraki is back to seeing flesh and blood again. [Source](http://dailyanimeart.com/2013/02/13/unohanas-minazuki-bankai-zaraki-kills-unohana-bleach-526/)
>
>
>

It seems like a weird kind of bankai to me very *Illusive*
Upvotes: 3 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: Quite simple really . Her bankai ressurects her target as many times as she wants. When Zaraki fought her he mentions having blackouts. They werent just blackouts but unohana killing & ressurecting him again and again to keep fighting.
Upvotes: 1


<issue_start>username_0: In episode 19, Natsu, Gray, Happy and Lucie should have been punished because they "stole" an S-Rank quest. However, the master wasn't there, so they wanted to take another quest. When they read the quest content, it swapped their bodies/minds. The master then entered and tried to help them, and the episode ends.

Episode 20 starts in a forest where Natsu and Happy are fishing, so the "ending" of Episode 19 is missing.

Did I watch a wrong "source" or is this part really missing?<issue_comment>username_1: Episode 19 (filler episode) and episode 20 (omake episode) are non-canonical from a continuity perspective. In the manga, when they return to Magnolia, Erza reminds them about *that* punishment (just like in the anime), but then they see their guild building destroyed. This begins the next Phantom Lord arc, and thus the punishment matter gets dropped naturally. Since the punishment was never shown in canon, they probably decided to skip it in the anime too.

>
>  In any case, *that* punishment is most likely something silly, such as the one in episode 75 later.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 5 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: We never actually find out what "THAT" is. All we learn is that it is horrifying enough to make Natsu scream in terror and Gray cry/breakdown at the thought of it.

My personal opinion is that knowing Makarov and how much he loves his "children" I doubt that it's something painful; rather my guess is that it's probably something intensely humiliating.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_3: There was another time when a punishment was used. When the entire guild was racing, the last four people had the punishment of dressing up in women clothes, and they had their pictures taken for the sorcerers weekly magazine.
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: In Naruto chapter 618, all the souls that are bound inside the shinigami of the shiki fuujin were pulled out by Orochimaru. It includes the souls of the four previous Hokages. Now, before his death, Minato was able to seal half of the nine tails chakra into his own. Does it mean that he is much stronger than he when was alive? Does he have any chance on using the kyuubi's chakra for himself just like what Naruto did?<issue_comment>username_1: No. The Shiki Fuujin seals the souls. That means that the chakra of the Kyuubi is sealed independently from the soul of Minato. If you revive a soul, you only revive the own soul, but not anything that was sealed inside his *body*.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_2: The resurrected Minato *is* stronger than when he was alive, but that is due to the properties of Edo Tensei (unlimited chakra, near-unlimited stamina, and automatic regeneration of any damage taken).

~~Minato does not have Kurama's chakra inside him. The Yin-component of Kurama's chakra, sealed by Minato, is still inside the Shinigami's stomach. Shiki Fuujin does not seal the target's soul into the summoner's soul. They are both sealed together, but independently, in the Shinigami's stomach.~~

This can be confirmed since Orochimaru first recovered the soul of his arms and then the four previous Kage at once. If the Shiki Fuujin sealed the target's soul into the summoner's soul, he would have to first recover Hiruzen's soul, and then the souls of Hashirama, Tobirama and his arms from Hiruzen's soul.

Minato *does* seem to have Kurama's Yin part inside of him. As proven by the recent chapters. Which undoubtedly proves that he's much stronger compared to the way he was before his death.

**Note**: This answer is based on events seen till Chapter 623. The answer may become obsolete after subsequent chapters.
Upvotes: 4 [selected_answer]


<issue_start>username_0: I thought only kind people who have great achievements could keep their body in hell or heaven so that they can continue to improve; Kami said that when Goku died the first time. But why did people like Cell, Frieza, Dr. Gero (and this one can't even fight!) keep their bodies? What's more, Baby didn't show up in hell. Why did all of this happen?

And why did Chi Chi keep her body when she died? She was sent to heaven in a flower ground with some other people when Goku was fighting Majin Buu.<issue_comment>username_1: It was also the case for Raditz and the Ginyu Force. It puzzles me too and there was never a definitive reason given. I think it's because they are strong fighters when compared to the other 'normal' people who go to the Other World. For example, when Raditz died, <NAME> told Goku that Raditz was unruly and he had to subdue him. He also said that he was going to send Cell down below, but he would have liked that so he gave the stamp of approval to stay above. I don't think there is a definitive answer for this, though it is likely due to the fact that they are all strong fighters.
Upvotes: 3 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: I don't think it was ever really explained, not in the anime at least. At first I thought it was just all hell-goers kept their bodies, but you'd think there'd be a lot more down there. It's gotta be something along the lines of what username_1 suggested: skilled and well-trained fighters.

Regarding Baby, that's in GT and it's probably better to not consider him when figuring it out simply because you can't determine if it's 100% canon or not.
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_3: That's an inconsistency introduced by the anime. They introduced them in fillers, to be able to make more chapters from the manga. As with other fillers, that was inconsistent with the more coherent manga.

In the manga, only a few warriors are allowed to have their bodies in the alterlife. Other souls were shown as little clouds. Specifically, evil souls were punished, purified and removed of any memory before reincarnation.
Upvotes: 3


<issue_start>username_0: It is relatively common for series (especially shoujo) for the/a love interest to be blond. This appears in [Ouran High School Host Club](http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110902130942/ouran/images/8/80/Tamaki-suoh.jpg), [Kaichou wa Maid-Sama](http://images.wikia.com/kaichouwamaidsama/images/6/61/Takumi-Usui.jpg), [Tokyo Mew Mew](http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100217122721/tokyomewmewpower/images/1/1c/Blue_Knight.png), and a number of others. Why is this common in Japan, where the population is 98.5% ethnically Japanese--and as such naturally dark-haired--and most of the rest of the population is either Chinese or Korean?<issue_comment>username_1: It might have something to do with the representation of the blonde-color. According [here](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/UsefulNotes.HairColorInJapan),

>
> Blonde hair on a male character may imply that he is a trickster.
>  Alternately, it may symbolize that this character is a focus of chaos,
>  and trouble follows him wherever he goes, such as Vash the Stampede
>  from Trigun, or Soichiro Nagi from Tenjou Tenge; a live-action example
>  is the movie version of Battle Royale's Kazuo Kiriyama. It is also not
>  uncommon for anime males with long blonde hair to be portrayed as
>  Casanova-types. (Examples: Kurz from Full Metal Panic, Allen Schezar
>  from Vision of Escaflowne, Kyle from Suikoden V among others...)
>
>
>
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_2: Well, in Ouran, i know one of the blondes is like, part french, and the other is just suppose to be the cute little one and the blond hair just adds to it, plus in that anime is a school for rich people and we see a lot of them with dyed hair, some background characters have light brown hair or red hair, so it's to say they're rich, and most of them are easily able to dye their hair. Also some of them are part caucasian.

In Kaichou, the love interest is also from a wealthy family and his mother is from England. The japanese people still have very dark hair, and dark eyes.

In Tokyo Mew Mew, he is also a rich boy from Europe. The actual love interest is only blonde when he is possessed by an alien godlike entity.
Upvotes: -1 <issue_comment>username_3: the easy artistic reason is because it makes it that much easier to tell characters apart very quickly. If it's a manga, you won't have voice to tell the difference, and the art style can be very similar between two male characters who are supposed to be hot. If you can't hear the difference, and you can't see much difference, an extremely different hair color makes them distinct even if they're facing away from viewer or are barely in frame!

If it's natural, it's sometimes used to make them seem foreign (usually french!) in a way meant to be mysterious and attractive. If it's dyed, it shows they have an interest in their looks, and often that they're a rulebreaker (since most Japanese schools have rules against changing your hair color), which means it's usually a casanova type.
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: At the start of episode 12 of *Steins;Gate*, Okarin and Mayuri have time traveled 70 million years into the past. They are in an arid desert environment which appears to be the inside of an hourglass. Mayuri says that you could say that they are just one of many versions of themselves, but you could also say that they were the originals. Shortly before dissolving into sand, she says that their wills will carry on to the versions of themselves in Akihabara 70 million years in the future.

In the future, Okarin snaps out of a daze, like he does when he time leaps. Does that imply that Okarin remembers the incident? Was the incident symbolic? If this was one of Okarin's attempts to save Mayuri, why didn't it happen in the alpha/beta/gate timelines?<issue_comment>username_1: *Steins;Gate* sort of uses the many-worlds time travel theory referenced by [John Titor](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Titor#Time_machine). There are many discrete worldlines, like parallel universes. When Okarin leaps to the past, he is moving from one worldline to another; his actions do not affect the future in the worldline he leaped from, only the future of the one he is currently in. The worldlines exist independently. Kurisu talks about this briefly in episode 22, shortly before Okarin time leaps.

This is why Okarin and Suzuha can use the

>
>  time machine to travel to the past twice and not run into other time traveling versions of themselves; both times they traveled to the past they landed in a different worldline.
>
>
>

When we see the scene from 70 million years ago, we are seeing a version of Okarin and Mayuri who have traveled to the show's current worldline from a separate worldline we didn't see.

They would have had to travel using

>
>  Suzuha's time machine. SERN's experiments and Okarin's nightmarish memory showed that sending physical objects through time turns them into gel. The time machine appears to offer protection against this.
>
>
>
>  It is unclear why they traveled so far back into the past; perhaps the time machine malfunctioned.
>
>
>
>  Mayuri had to explain to Okarin that they were 70 million years in the past. Suzuha also lost her memory when using the damaged time machine. It is unclear why Mayuri retained her memory. Perhaps her reading ability is quite strong; she displayed knowledge of alternate worldlines on multiple occasions.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_2: [username_1 wrote](https://anime.stackexchange.com/a/4478/2516),

>
> *Steins;Gate* sort of uses the many-worlds time travel theory referenced by <NAME>. There are many discrete worldlines, like parallel universes. When Okarin leaps to the past, he is moving from one worldline to another; his actions do not affect the future in the worldline he leaped from, only the future of the one he is currently in. The worldlines exist independently. Kurisu talks about this briefly in episode 22, shortly before Okarin time leaps.
>
>
>

but this is actually completely wrong.

It is explained in the VN thoroughly that only one world line exists at one time - which would always be the one Okabe is at. The other world lines are just possibilities that could exist, but they don't really. In the VN, Kurisu argues with Okabe, saying that if this was the case, then Okabe was literally a God. But frighteningly so, this is exactly the case. Okabe's actions reconstruct the one and only world every time. When Kurisu says that infinite world lines exist independently, she says it to make it easier for Okabe to

>
>  sacrifice her.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 2 <issue_comment>username_3: The incident happened in the beta world line.

In 2011, just before the Third World War happens, Suzuha and Mayuri leapt into the past to August 21st 2010, to deliver the slap you see in Episode 23. They then tried to return to the future, but with the lack of fuel (the time machine only had the fuel to travel 336 days), the time machine malfunctioned and they ended up 70 million years in the past. This is the Mayuri you saw.

In 2025, after Okabe sent the Nostalgia Drive Mail (ND-Mail) to Episode 23's Okabe, he went after Mayuri and Suzuha in a time machine that was equipped to find other time machines by tracking the disruption in space-time continuum caused by Kerr Black Holes. He eventually ended up 70 million years in the past and is assumed to have found Mayuri. This is the Okabe you saw.

Whether the Okabe in the future remembers the event or not is uncertain though. None of the material confirmed nor denied it. But it is definitely not symbolic as it has happened.
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: I've watched all the episodes on [Crunchy Roll](http://www.crunchyroll.com/sword-art-online) (SAO and ALO) and I think I missed something.

The character Yui acts as though she is the child of Asuna and Kirito. I do not remember Yui in the SAO arc, but perhaps I missed it.

When did Asuna and Kirito have a child? How did that child get special access to the system?<issue_comment>username_1: Yui is certainly a part of the SAO arc - she appears in it quite prominently.

She is found by Kirito and Asuna and they "adopt" her in SAO, though she turns out to not be exactly what she appears to be.

>
>  She is, in fact a program. A mental health assistance program (who has been disallowed from doing its job when SAO was locked down). This explains her special system access and knowledge.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 5 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: Because of her programming, she is somehow sentimental which makes it possible for her to want to be part of a family and stay with Asuna and Kirito.
Upvotes: 0 <issue_comment>username_3: Well, the question is already answered but I will try to explain more details...

Both the game and the NerveGear were created by <NAME>.

so we can say the cardinal system and Yui were also created by <NAME>.

>
>  Yui was programmed to understand and learn human emotions and mental
>  health but later Yui was locked to just to read and do not have any
>  access to the system to help people log out in case it is affecting
>  their health.
>
>  while reading everyone mental health she found that there are two
>  human Kirito and Asuna who were happy and enjoying their life in this
>  virtual world and everyone else is scared of death and just want to go
>  out of this shitty game. some of them even lose hope and committed
>  suicide.
>
>  So Yui wants to be part of the Asuna and Kirito. she met them
>  purposely to go close to them. When they found her they thought she is
>  just some lost child, they tried to find her parents but later during
>  a battle in dungeon Yui saved Asuna and kirito ( she was an immortal
>  object in the game and defeated very high-level monster with ease )
>
>  Cardinal was AI software to and is able to recognize that Yui
>  programmed is having some bug so they decided to delete her. But
>  kirito plays and smart move and saved her all data in his SAO profile.
>  Because of Yui Kirito able to understand the reality of <NAME>
>  who was playing a leader role in no.1 clan in the game just to make
>  people fool ( he was immortal object too that is why kirito loss duel
>  against him)
>
>  later when kirito won sword art he found out 300 people still not
>  awakened by the game including Asuna. later he found out the image of
>  Asuna inside another RPG game. He started to play that game in search
>  Asuna and he found out that the game is having all of his previous
>  data and skills of sword art online except items. so he tried to find
>  out Yui data in his profile. after finding her data he activated Yui
>  back. who read all the information about this game and told him that
>  this game is having copy data of SAO and turned herself into pixie so
>  that the game not able to find about her. Yui also told Kirito that
>  her data is now saved inside local memory of Kirito nervegear.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: *Rurouni Kenshin* is an anime based on several historical facts. How accurately are the events in the series portrayed?

I don't mean just historical events used in the series, such as the Shinsengumi, but how accurate is their real life portrayal of the art of swordsmanship. Is it really possible to obtain such power with dedication to daily training portrayed in the series?<issue_comment>username_1: This question is tricky, since the author (I believe) masterfully incorporated real-life events/characters (Imperialists, Shinsengumi, etc.), while basing some of the fictional characters on real life people (Kenshin), and mixing in some pure fiction. Also the response would be too long for this thread. I would read the [Kenshin Wikia](http://kenshin.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page) which usually has trivia under each characters about who they are based on or influenced by.

It should be noted that he did some clever things like rework Saito/Aoshi to be more like Hijikata Toshizō, and Seta Sojiro is heavily influenced by Okita Soji (even has Okita's named katana).

Fighting style wise, in the manga/TV series, while some of the styles like Gatotsu were based on real moves various factions used, they were exaggerated or made up and completely unrealistic in real life. However, it's worth noting that in the OVAs and the new movies, the fighting is realistic (which means the fight scenes are **a lot** shorter but the higher animation quality definitely makes it more fun to watch).
Upvotes: 3 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: Since your question is remarkably broad (historical facts, events, the art of the sword, the base for all of the characters & plot points), and since some aspects of *<NAME>shin*'s historicity have already been answered in other questions on this SE [here](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/541/who-is-kenshin-based-on), [here](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/18547/why-does-okita-souji-did-not-appear), and [here](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/19525/are-guns-in-kenshin-historically-accurate), and there are useful fan websites like [this](http://hanyaiseng2.blogspot.jp/2012/03/hitokiri-battousai-really-there.html), [this](https://shinsengumisadaptations.wordpress.com/), [this](http://spressivo.com/isa/TenThings2009/1428.htm), and [this](http://www.oocities.org/rainforestwind/meiji2.htm), I will collect here some of the *mangaka* Nobuhiro Watsuki's own comments in a number of interviews about how historically-accurate the series is.

Interview at AnimeExpo 2002 convention in 2 different fan translations (he was speaking in Japanese):

[#1](https://rozzychan.wordpress.com/2012/04/15/interview-with-watsuki-nobuhiro-at-anime-expo-2002/):

>
> Hmmmmmmm, *Rurouni Kenshin* started as a short story, so I didn’t do much research on it, but in the year and a half between the story and the start of the series, I spent a lot of time reading [books about Meiji]. I did the manga because I wanted to draw kimono and swords, so don’t count on all of the details to be completely accurate. . . . Also, I am a big fan of the Shinsengumi. . . . The model for Kenshin was one of the old *hitokiri* of the Bakumatsu. This man was an assassin and slayed … He had a tough life, and in his last years he started to repent for all of the killings, but he kept his will and was executed by the government. So he is not very well respected in Japan. . . . Some moves are based on actual moves. Sanosuke’s *fuwai no kuwami* is just an exaggerated double punch. The other half of the moves are created by him swinging his sword around in the privacy of his own room. A third category pays homage to his favorite shows like *Sunrise Showdown*. Shishio’s final move is just a big-ass *homoro dama*.
>
>
>

and

>
> I have practiced Kendo, but I am very weak. That is where my love of sports comes from, but I am very weak. If I were good at Kendo, I wouldn’t be drawing manga.
>
>
>

[#2](http://www.crunchyroll.com/forumtopic-65909/interview-with-nobuhiro-watsuki-about-rurouni-kenshin):

>
> *Kenshin* started as a shot story without much research. In the year and half, he had between when the series started he read a LOT of books. He wanted to draw kimonos and swords, so its not very accurate to the Meiji period. . . . He is also a big fan of the Shinsengumi, but he couldn't do the actual revolution since he wanted to do more human drama. . . . There was a *hitokiri* of the revolution [name missed], who had his own mind, and never really bent to the government. He did end up repenting for his killing, however he DID get executed for never submitting to the government. . . . A lot of the moves are based on real martial arts moves, just over-exaggerated. The other half are created by him flinging a sword around in the privacy of his room. Others are homages to favorite games, like *Samurai Spirits* . . .
>
>
>

and

>
> Watsuki has practiced Kendo and his love of sword comes from that. He's very weak thought, and if he was a good kendo practitioner he wouldn't be drawing manga.
>
>
>

Interview from *Kenshin Kaden* guidebook in 2 different fan translations:

[#1](http://users.skynet.be/aoshihomepage/Kenshin/Author.htm)

>
> The *sakabatou* is something original that I came up with. The reason for it is very simple: I didn’t want my main character killing anyone. But a bamboo sword or wooden sword isn’t intimidating enough, so I came up with the idea of a sword that has its sharp and blunt edges on reversed sides. That way the main character is able to fight the way he always does, and still be able to refrain from killing anyone. [laughs]
>
>
>

[#2](http://users.skynet.be/aoshihomepage/Kenshin/Author.htm)

>
> It's an original idea, a weapon like that didn't exist at that time. Right before the beginning of the series, I told myself that it wasn't a good idea to have a main character who killed his opponent in every fight, but I also didn't want to give him a *bokuto* (wooden sword), or a *takemitsu* (sword with a normal hilt but a wooden blade). Then I got the idea to create a sword with a sharp back, so that it could be used effectively against opponent, but it wouldn't be lethal. And that's how the *sakabatou* was born!
>
>
>

Interview from [*K<NAME>*](http://kenkaku.free.fr/interview.html) guidebook:

>
> I practiced [kendo] in jr. high but only to an elementary level. Then I stopped practicing during high school, since I was devoted to drawing manga by then. I didn’t want my time limited by extracurricular activities. . . . It started when I read the new *Moeyo, Ken* by <NAME> (another very famous and popular history in Japan). I loved the book and decided to use the end of the Bakufu era as a historical background. Later, the story spread to the Meiji era, which is due to another book I read in that same period: *Shuugata Sanshirou* by <NAME>. Designing a story set at the end of the Bakufu perid is quite a complicated job, and therefore the short history presented is inadequate. The end of the Bakufu and the beginning of Meiji is filled with chaos and instabilities, so I chose Meiji years 10 to 20, a more stable era for the background of a short story. Due to various limitations, I couldn’t draw real historical figures. So I created my own characters. . . . This is because of the Satsuma Rebellion. Before the end of the Satsuma Rebellion in the tenth year of Meiji, there was always a lot of turmoil and rioting in Japan. Most people are familiar with the end of the Bakufu and the Meiji Restoration, not recognizing that the end of the Bakufu as the exact beginning of the Meiji era. Instead, the Meiji truly began in Meiji year 10, after the Satsuma Rebellion ended. For the same reason, I chose Meiji year 11 for the background story of *Rurouni Kenshin*. . . . No, I didn’t take [Ookubo Toshimichi’s assassination] into consideration at that time. Initially, *Rurouni Kenshin* was only intended to be pubished for 30 weeks. Though I hadn’t thought of it beforehand, I thought it'd be very interesting to add this into the plot. . . . No, I wasn’t very confident [laughs], especially when the series was first published, I was really worried. . . . My interest in history began with the start of the *Kenshin* series. I learned all of this history along with my readers. I had to look for references at the same time as I was drawing the series; I knew very little about the Shinsengumi. I like the Shinsengumi since I created *Sengoku no Mikazuki* in the year that I finished *Rurouni* and started *Rurouni Kenshin*, the only book that I read was about the Shinsengumi [laughs]. . . . My favorites are <NAME>, <NAME>, <NAME>, <NAME>, <NAME>, in fact each of the units. I also like <NAME> and <NAME>. I always want to somehow arrange an appearance of Nagakura Shinpachi in the manga. . . . Yes, I also like Ookubo Toshimichi. Things related to Katsura Kogorou have an interesting feel as well. Apart from the Ishinshishi, it's boring to study the life of Enomoto Takeai after the Battle of Hakodate. I like that. There was also a swordsman appointed in the late Bakufu period, <NAME>. He was a master of the martial arts school established by the Bakufu government. His title required being the strongest swordsman of the Bakufu. He insisted on wearing a cape to his death; he was really a stubborn person. I also considered adding him into the manga. I’m interested in Sakamoto Ryoma recently, but I don’t intend to add him into the manga [laughs]. . . . Although I don’t have time to read these days, I read a lot in the beginning. The writers that I like include <NAME>, <NAME>, <NAME>, and more. Covering the Shinsengumi, <NAME>iro (a writer of novels chronicling the Shinsengumi) is very famous. His writing is interesting and serves well as references and historical novels.
>
>
>

[Interview at Made in Asia 3 convention](http://www.manga-news.com/index.php/actus/2011/03/28/Nobuhiro-Watsuki-Conference-et-Interview) (I'm translating from the French, since it took place in Brussels):

>
> It’s true that at the beginning of *Kenshin*, I wasn’t a specialist in this period, even though I liked a lot of aspects, especially the Bakufu. It’s really as I was drawing the story that I became more knowledgeable. At that time, the internet was not at developed as it is now, so I had to deepen my knowledge by finding out through old books.
>
>
>
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_3: Yes, sort of. A lot of the characters were based (albeit modified) on Actual characters in history.

* <NAME>: <NAME>. He was responsible for the suppression of the Satsuma rebellion in 1877 (Seinan wars). In real life, Ōkubo was murdered by six discontented clansmen on his way to Tokyo. In the Anime; <NAME> assassinated him and the clansmen took responsibility for the murder for political reasons.

[enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zKWCK.jpg)
[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HN4RQ.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HN4RQ.jpg)

* <NAME> aka <NAME>: Was another character with liberties taken to the real life man. In 1852, Katsura learned swordsmanship, and in the 1850's oversaw the development of Japan's first Western style warship. Though historically well known throughout history as a ruthless radical leader. In the anime OVA, he's portayed more fairly as a calm, calculating statesman; with heavy regrets of sending a Child to perform the bloody work of Hitokiri.
[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f8Exp.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f8Exp.jpg)
[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IkhwL.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IkhwL.jpg)
* <NAME>: By far liberties were taken with him. In terms of appearance, No one has relevant or photographic evidence of his appearance. Depicted very youthfully thou he was in his 20's. In the anime/ova he's depicted in the battle of fighting during the Ikedaya Attack. But in both the Anime and OVA, he participate the Battle of Toba Fushimi when he confronted Kenshin. Historically he was never present in said battle battle due to being forced to recuperate from Tuberculosis.

[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Axozs.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Axozs.png)

* <NAME>: The anime takes liberties with his death. In real life Sōzō and his lieutenants were arrested and decapitated when he reported to the commanding general and his head was placed on a platform in a cage for all to see. In the anime he died saving Sanosuke from gunfire

The show Also more or less depicts various western introductions that were often comedic-ally or simply curiously seen by the main cast.

* Photography, first introduced in 1856.
* Badminton and Billiards
* Beer
* Clover (flower)
* Coffee
* The Piano (1823)
[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5hMaN.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5hMaN.jpg)
* Cabbage and Tomatoes: Introduced by the dutch
* Chocolate
Upvotes: 1


<issue_start>username_0: I stumbled over this question on Facebook. I was wondering how <NAME> got out of the academy and why did they let him leave?<issue_comment>username_1: One does not need to use Henge no Jutsu in order to graduate the ninja academy. Promotion throughout the entire series is never dependent upon a certain technique, but rather the capabilities of that shinobi determined by the Hokage and village elders.

Take a look at the Chuunin selection exam. Shikamaru received the only promotion yet there was no way he could have won the entire tournament.

While Lee could never use ninjutsu nor genjutsu, he was able to have very good technique with taijutsu and that allowed him to graduate. Lee just uses his chakra in a different way, but that doesn't make him any less of a ninja.

Same with Shino for that matter. Shino lets his bugs eat his chakra and then he can command them. So instead of making a kage bunshin, Shino uses a lot of bugs to form a clone.

Because every shinobi specializes in different areas, there is no set requirements in order to be promoted. The decision comes from the Hokage and the elders for Chuunin and above. For the academy, the instructor decides when the child is ready to be a Genin.
Upvotes: 4 <issue_comment>username_2: Although the final exams of the Ninja Academy do include a demonstration of Henge no Jutsu, that is almost certainly not the whole test. There should at least be demonstrations of Ninjutsu and Taijutsu, and probably a written exam and some sparring matches (not unlike what appear in the Chunin Exam, but scaled down). Rock Lee couldn't have gotten much more than a zero on his Genjutsu and Ninjutsu demonstrations, to be sure. But depending on the Ninja Academy's grading rubrics, he might have done well enough on the other parts of the exam to pass *even with* those zeroes.

It is also possible that Guy got these sections of the exam waived for him, due to special circumstances. But from a literary standpoint, it makes more sense for <NAME> -a character who stands for achievement through ludicrously hard work- to have passed the exam even with the zeroes in place. Indeed, I'd argue that the most likely scenario is that Guy probably tried to get those parts waived, but Rock insisted on taking them anyway.
Upvotes: 1 <issue_comment>username_3: not all students had to be able to make shadow clones in order to graduate. Naruto was failed for not being able to make a shadow clone simply because he was worst in his class and had no skill in order to become a genin. Rock lee being exceptionally skilled in taijutsu had no reason to be failed while he had many skills in taijutsu
Upvotes: 0


<issue_start>username_0: I know that fan-translated scans and scanned official pages are illegal when a manga is released in English, but I was never sure what the rules were if the manga hasn't been released in English. What are the general rules about legality of fan-translations and translations in general for manga going from Japanese to English (or any other language that there are different/specific rules)?<issue_comment>username_1: This is a matter of international copyright law, and as such is fairly complicated and depends on where you live. However, for most of the developed world the laws are fairly standardized and so, if you're willing to paint with broad brush-strokes and ignore technical nuances, the laws are all pretty universal.

Most countries in the world are parties to trade agreements and copyright agreements. The most famous of these is the [Berne Convention](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works), but there are many others. Without getting into too many technical details, what these agreements mean is that countries will respect each other's copyright and intellectual property to some degree. There are certain exemptions, such as fair use, but scanalations definitely don't fit any of these.

Japan is a partner to most countries in such agreements. That means that Japanese IP rights-holders can typically file suit against people infringing on their rights even in other countries. Alternatively, one could think about it that Japanese works also retain certain legal protections overseas, so that e.g. a U.S. manga scanalator would still be breaking the law. These laws are typically pretty broad and include a lot of different artistic media (e.g. anime) and other works which are under the protection of IP law. So, for all practical purposes, if you're distributing or obtaining copies of manga which are not officially licensed, you're probably breaking the law.

Licensing status doesn't have any legal bearing on the copyright status. Licensing is a separate issue of whether other companies may create and distribute the work (usually overseas). An unlicensed work is still probably protected under international law though. However, there are practical issues related to the cost of undergoing such legal proceedings and the fan backlash that make legal action unlikely, especially in the case of unlicensed series where the rights-holder typically has little to gain financially. This story can change drastically when more parties (e.g. sponsors) are involved.

Anime News Network has a good introductory sequence of [articles about legal aspects of anime](http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2013-02-15/). Of course, there are practical differences between anime and manga. Specifically, anime producers usually have both greater ability and interest in protecting their IP than manga producers. However, at least at the basic level, there's essentially no legal difference between the protections afforded to the two. Here's what they have to say about fansubbing in cases like this:

>
> A common question that arises, is the legality of downloading a show that is not licensed or has not been released in the United States (or wherever the person may reside) yet. Although this matter is less and less of a concern for new shows thanks to streaming efforts through Hulu, Crunchyroll and other services, it is a common response from many fans of a show that they have no other means of watching it short of importing the DVDs or blu-rays from Japan (which may or may not have subtitles, let alone a dub).
>
>
> The fact of the matter is however that even if a show is not licensed for release in the United States it is still protected in the United States. Several international treaties exist between nations that afford creators in one country protection of their works and rights in another. These conventions include the Berne convention, UCC Geneva, UCC Paris, TRIPS and WCT. Both Japan and the United States are signatories on all five of these agreements. Without going into the specifics of each treaty, this generally means that anime, made and produced in Japan but not yet released in the United States is STILL protected by United States code.
>
>
> What fans may not be aware of, that by distributing an anime title in the United States that has not been licensed they are potentially violating the copyright of several other related companies. Anime frequently involves several sponsorships in order to fund a project. These company logos and product placements are subject to copyright or trademark protection as well and the display of their products or symbols violates intellectual property law. Thus, although one might stream an episode of Code Geass thinking that the only company they have to worry about is Bandai, Pizza Hut may in fact file an action for the use of their logo without permission. Tiger & Bunny is chock full of advertisements from Pepsi to Amazon all of whom have rights in their trademarks and images that may be infringed when displaying the original work. This is additionally true for music which can often be a separate license when a show features a musical artist who is using the series to promote their band or latest single which is often why many videos on YouTube of an anime have their audio removed by YouTube when the artist request as such. These licensing agreements can even affect a domestic distribution as was the case with Funimation's release of Haré+Guu which lacked the ending song ohashi by <NAME>.
>
>
>

---

I'll also point out that while fansubbers and scanalators are almost certainly legally in the wrong, the number of cases related to this is quite small. There are several reasons for this. For one, the Japanese industry is built to sell merchandise in Japan, so they have little interest in prosecuting cases overseas. The licensing industry, on the other hand, was built around an already extant culture of fansubbing, and so they've always just factored that in.

The bigger reason this doesn't happen is probably that the backlash that would occur against a licensing organization which did this is probably more costly than whatever they stand to gain. Even the backlash against Funimation for [joking about suing fansub downloaders](http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-01-25/funimation-sues-1337-bittorrent-users-over-one-piece) was pretty significant, and I doubt they're really interested in repeating that again. Legally speaking though, they would probably be within their rights to do so.
Upvotes: 5 [selected_answer]<issue_comment>username_2: This is a pretty straightforward issue. If you live in a country that is a signatory to the [Berne Convention](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne_convention) (which is most countries), you are required to respect Japanese copyright law (and likewise, Japanese people are required to respect your country's copyright law).

Japanese copyright law (like most copyright law) forbids the unauthorized reproduction of copyrighted works,1 which is an integral part of any scanlation. As such, any scanlator who has not obtained permission from the copyright holder of a manga before scanlating it is in violation of Japanese copyright law.2 The fact that the manga has not been released in English is immaterial.

There are exceptions to copyright, of course, but none of them are really applicable to the issue of scanlation. Fair use, in particular, is not a defense - the wholesale copying of the entirety of a copyrighted would never be considered "fair use" by a court.

(Of course, whether or not scanlation is *ethical* is a separate question altogether.)

---

1 See, for example, articles 21 and 49 of [the Copyright Act](http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?ft=1&re=02&dn=1&x=-1015&y=-319&co=01&ky=copyright&page=13) (official English translation).

2 This answer does not address works that have lapsed into the public domain. There is no legal barrier to scanlating public domain works. The problem is that Japanese law (Copyright Act, article 51) specifies that works lapse into the public domain 50 years after the death of the author, and nobody today is scanlating manga drawn by people who died before 1963. So, for practical purposes, public domain doesn't really enter into the whole scanlation issue.
Upvotes: 3


<issue_start>username_0: The news of Ace capture is quite long time before the execution. And surely it will be much easier to save Ace when he was still in Impel Down (or maybe Enies Lobby). Is it because Shirohige is to far away? Can't he ask one of his subordinate or his alliance to save Ace? Where exactly was he at that moment?<issue_comment>username_1: Good question and a bit difficult to answer. I think the following things might have influenced White Beard to not save Ace in Impel Down:

1. The whole Whitebeard crew, including alliance partners, are said to be in New World, not in Grandline. And to come to Marineford, the only way is through Fishmen Island, and mobilizing such large pirate group does take time.
2. As we now know, the weather of New World is too unpredictable to travel quickly. Although it is not known whether Whitebeard was far away, but weather must have affected his travel time significantly.
3. Ace was 2 division commander of Whitebeard pirates. So if such a strong character can be captured, then I don't think Whitebeard would risk any more of his family to intercept/rescue Ace in Impel Down or Enies Lobby.
4. Reaching Impel Down/ Enies Lobby is considered to be difficult as it has natural protection in the form of circular waves which are used exclusively by marine only. Marineford is the remaining area where one can reach easily without going through the circular waves.
5. Also it is not known but as Kaido tried to block movement of Shanks, a marines tried to stop Whitebeard, so there must be other factors which tried to stop Whitebeard from moving, which stalled Whitebeard from coming quickly.
6. If he would have been able to save Ace earlier, then there won't be any fight and Ace would be alive right now. And that's not how Oda imagined it to be. ;)
Upvotes: 3 <issue_comment>username_2: My reasons would be,

* Impel Down is surrounded by Sea Kings, they may deal with them easily but they still will pose a distraction. Their ships are not layered with [Kairoseki](http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Kairoseki), hence the sea kings will attack them. Someone has to wait outside to protect the ships against their countless numbers.
* Straw Hat Luffy's physical strength is comparable to an average Division Commander (if not more), and he had to use Second Gear for the 4 [Demon Guards](http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Demon_Guards) (Awakened Zoan). If I were Whitebeard, I wouldn't attack such powerful Devil fruit users under such extreme conditions.
* Imper Down's chief warden [Magellan](http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Magellan) is [Doku Doku no Mi](http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Doku_Doku_no_Mi) Devil fruit user, a powerful fruit in any's hands. Obviously, no one would want to fight someone who can produce a,

	+ mixture of poisons [whose antidote hasn't been created](http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Chapter_536).
	+ more powerful version of poison, "Kinjite", which forms the "[Venom Demon: Hell's Judgment](http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Chapter_547)".
* [Impel Down](http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Impel_Down) is the Great Underwater Prison in the middle of the Calm Belt, build to keep most dangerous criminals and pirates. No one in their right mind would try to take chances with this place (my opinion: Straw Hat Luffy doesn't have a right mind).
Upvotes: 2