ultralytics/utils/benchmarks.py

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
"""
Benchmark a YOLO model formats for speed and accuracy.

Usage:
    from ultralytics.utils.benchmarks import ProfileModels, benchmark
    ProfileModels(['yolov8n.yaml', 'yolov8s.yaml']).profile()
    benchmark(model='yolov8n.pt', imgsz=160)

Format                  | `format=argument`         | Model
---                     | ---                       | ---
PyTorch                 | -                         | yolov8n.pt
TorchScript             | `torchscript`             | yolov8n.torchscript
ONNX                    | `onnx`                    | yolov8n.onnx
OpenVINO                | `openvino`                | yolov8n_openvino_model/
TensorRT                | `engine`                  | yolov8n.engine
CoreML                  | `coreml`                  | yolov8n.mlpackage
TensorFlow SavedModel   | `saved_model`             | yolov8n_saved_model/
TensorFlow GraphDef     | `pb`                      | yolov8n.pb
TensorFlow Lite         | `tflite`                  | yolov8n.tflite
TensorFlow Edge TPU     | `edgetpu`                 | yolov8n_edgetpu.tflite
TensorFlow.js           | `tfjs`                    | yolov8n_web_model/
PaddlePaddle            | `paddle`                  | yolov8n_paddle_model/
NCNN                    | `ncnn`                    | yolov8n_ncnn_model/
"""

import glob
import platform
import time
from pathlib import Path

import numpy as np
import torch.cuda

from ultralytics import YOLO, YOLOWorld
from ultralytics.cfg import TASK2DATA, TASK2METRIC
from ultralytics.engine.exporter import export_formats
from ultralytics.utils import ASSETS, LINUX, LOGGER, MACOS, TQDM, WEIGHTS_DIR
from ultralytics.utils.checks import IS_PYTHON_3_12, check_requirements, check_yolo
from ultralytics.utils.files import file_size
from ultralytics.utils.torch_utils import select_device


def benchmark(
    model=WEIGHTS_DIR / "yolov8n.pt", data=None, imgsz=160, half=False, int8=False, device="cpu", verbose=False
):
    """
    Benchmark a YOLO model across different formats for speed and accuracy.

    Args:
        model (str | Path | optional): Path to the model file or directory. Default is
            Path(SETTINGS['weights_dir']) / 'yolov8n.pt'.
        data (str, optional): Dataset to evaluate on, inherited from TASK2DATA if not passed. Default is None.
        imgsz (int, optional): Image size for the benchmark. Default is 160.
        half (bool, optional): Use half-precision for the model if True. Default is False.
        int8 (bool, optional): Use int8-precision for the model if True. Default is False.
        device (str, optional): Device to run the benchmark on, either 'cpu' or 'cuda'. Default is 'cpu'.
        verbose (bool | float | optional): If True or a float, assert benchmarks pass with given metric.
            Default is False.

    Returns:
        df (pandas.DataFrame): A pandas DataFrame with benchmark results for each format, including file size,
            metric, and inference time.

    Example:
        ```python
        from ultralytics.utils.benchmarks import benchmark

        benchmark(model='yolov8n.pt', imgsz=640)
        ```
    """

    import pandas as pd

    pd.options.display.max_columns = 10
    pd.options.display.width = 120
    device = select_device(device, verbose=False)
    if isinstance(model, (str, Path)):
        model = YOLO(model)

    y = []
    t0 = time.time()
    for i, (name, format, suffix, cpu, gpu) in export_formats().iterrows():  # index, (name, format, suffix, CPU, GPU)
        emoji, filename = "❌", None  # export defaults
        try:
            # Checks
            if i == 9:  # Edge TPU
                assert LINUX, "Edge TPU export only supported on Linux"
            elif i == 7:  # TF GraphDef
                assert model.task != "obb", "TensorFlow GraphDef not supported for OBB task"
            elif i in {5, 10}:  # CoreML and TF.js
                assert MACOS or LINUX, "export only supported on macOS and Linux"
            if i in {3, 5}:  # CoreML and OpenVINO
                assert not IS_PYTHON_3_12, "CoreML and OpenVINO not supported on Python 3.12"
            if i in {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}:  # All TF formats
                assert not isinstance(model, YOLOWorld), "YOLOWorldv2 TensorFlow exports not supported by onnx2tf yet"
            if i in {11}:  # Paddle
                assert not isinstance(model, YOLOWorld), "YOLOWorldv2 Paddle exports not supported yet"
            if i in {12}:  # NCNN
                assert not isinstance(model, YOLOWorld), "YOLOWorldv2 NCNN exports not supported yet"
            if "cpu" in device.type:
                assert cpu, "inference not supported on CPU"
            if "cuda" in device.type:
                assert gpu, "inference not supported on GPU"

            # Export
            if format == "-":
                filename = model.ckpt_path or model.cfg
                exported_model = model  # PyTorch format
            else:
                filename = model.export(imgsz=imgsz, format=format, half=half, int8=int8, device=device, verbose=False)
                exported_model = YOLO(filename, task=model.task)
                assert suffix in str(filename), "export failed"
            emoji = "❎"  # indicates export succeeded

            # Predict
            assert model.task != "pose" or i != 7, "GraphDef Pose inference is not supported"
            assert i not in (9, 10), "inference not supported"  # Edge TPU and TF.js are unsupported
            assert i != 5 or platform.system() == "Darwin", "inference only supported on macOS>=10.13"  # CoreML
            exported_model.predict(ASSETS / "bus.jpg", imgsz=imgsz, device=device, half=half)

            # Validate
            data = data or TASK2DATA[model.task]  # task to dataset, i.e. coco8.yaml for task=detect
            key = TASK2METRIC[model.task]  # task to metric, i.e. metrics/mAP50-95(B) for task=detect
            results = exported_model.val(
                data=data, batch=1, imgsz=imgsz, plots=False, device=device, half=half, int8=int8, verbose=False
            )
            metric, speed = results.results_dict[key], results.speed["inference"]
            y.append([name, "✅", round(file_size(filename), 1), round(metric, 4), round(speed, 2)])
        except Exception as e:
            if verbose:
                assert type(e) is AssertionError, f"Benchmark failure for {name}: {e}"
            LOGGER.warning(f"ERROR ❌️ Benchmark failure for {name}: {e}")
            y.append([name, emoji, round(file_size(filename), 1), None, None])  # mAP, t_inference

    # Print results
    check_yolo(device=device)  # print system info
    df = pd.DataFrame(y, columns=["Format", "Status❔", "Size (MB)", key, "Inference time (ms/im)"])

    name = Path(model.ckpt_path).name
    s = f"\nBenchmarks complete for {name} on {data} at imgsz={imgsz} ({time.time() - t0:.2f}s)\n{df}\n"
    LOGGER.info(s)
    with open("benchmarks.log", "a", errors="ignore", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(s)

    if verbose and isinstance(verbose, float):
        metrics = df[key].array  # values to compare to floor
        floor = verbose  # minimum metric floor to pass, i.e. = 0.29 mAP for YOLOv5n
        assert all(x > floor for x in metrics if pd.notna(x)), f"Benchmark failure: metric(s) < floor {floor}"

    return df


class ProfileModels:
    """
    ProfileModels class for profiling different models on ONNX and TensorRT.

    This class profiles the performance of different models, returning results such as model speed and FLOPs.

    Attributes:
        paths (list): Paths of the models to profile.
        num_timed_runs (int): Number of timed runs for the profiling. Default is 100.
        num_warmup_runs (int): Number of warmup runs before profiling. Default is 10.
        min_time (float): Minimum number of seconds to profile for. Default is 60.
        imgsz (int): Image size used in the models. Default is 640.

    Methods:
        profile(): Profiles the models and prints the result.

    Example:
        ```python
        from ultralytics.utils.benchmarks import ProfileModels

        ProfileModels(['yolov8n.yaml', 'yolov8s.yaml'], imgsz=640).profile()
        ```
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        paths: list,
        num_timed_runs=100,
        num_warmup_runs=10,
        min_time=60,
        imgsz=640,
        half=True,
        trt=True,
        device=None,
    ):
        """
        Initialize the ProfileModels class for profiling models.

        Args:
            paths (list): List of paths of the models to be profiled.
            num_timed_runs (int, optional): Number of timed runs for the profiling. Default is 100.
            num_warmup_runs (int, optional): Number of warmup runs before the actual profiling starts. Default is 10.
            min_time (float, optional): Minimum time in seconds for profiling a model. Default is 60.
            imgsz (int, optional): Size of the image used during profiling. Default is 640.
            half (bool, optional): Flag to indicate whether to use half-precision floating point for profiling.
            trt (bool, optional): Flag to indicate whether to profile using TensorRT. Default is True.
            device (torch.device, optional): Device used for profiling. If None, it is determined automatically.
        """
        self.paths = paths
        self.num_timed_runs = num_timed_runs
        self.num_warmup_runs = num_warmup_runs
        self.min_time = min_time
        self.imgsz = imgsz
        self.half = half
        self.trt = trt  # run TensorRT profiling
        self.device = device or torch.device(0 if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

    def profile(self):
        """Logs the benchmarking results of a model, checks metrics against floor and returns the results."""
        files = self.get_files()

        if not files:
            print("No matching *.pt or *.onnx files found.")
            return

        table_rows = []
        output = []
        for file in files:
            engine_file = file.with_suffix(".engine")
            if file.suffix in (".pt", ".yaml", ".yml"):
                model = YOLO(str(file))
                model.fuse()  # to report correct params and GFLOPs in model.info()
                model_info = model.info()
                if self.trt and self.device.type != "cpu" and not engine_file.is_file():
                    engine_file = model.export(
                        format="engine", half=self.half, imgsz=self.imgsz, device=self.device, verbose=False
                    )
                onnx_file = model.export(
                    format="onnx", half=self.half, imgsz=self.imgsz, simplify=True, device=self.device, verbose=False
                )
            elif file.suffix == ".onnx":
                model_info = self.get_onnx_model_info(file)
                onnx_file = file
            else:
                continue

            t_engine = self.profile_tensorrt_model(str(engine_file))
            t_onnx = self.profile_onnx_model(str(onnx_file))
            table_rows.append(self.generate_table_row(file.stem, t_onnx, t_engine, model_info))
            output.append(self.generate_results_dict(file.stem, t_onnx, t_engine, model_info))

        self.print_table(table_rows)
        return output

    def get_files(self):
        """Returns a list of paths for all relevant model files given by the user."""
        files = []
        for path in self.paths:
            path = Path(path)
            if path.is_dir():
                extensions = ["*.pt", "*.onnx", "*.yaml"]
                files.extend([file for ext in extensions for file in glob.glob(str(path / ext))])
            elif path.suffix in {".pt", ".yaml", ".yml"}:  # add non-existing
                files.append(str(path))
            else:
                files.extend(glob.glob(str(path)))

        print(f"Profiling: {sorted(files)}")
        return [Path(file) for file in sorted(files)]

    def get_onnx_model_info(self, onnx_file: str):
        """Retrieves the information including number of layers, parameters, gradients and FLOPs for an ONNX model
        file.
        """
        return 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0  # return (num_layers, num_params, num_gradients, num_flops)

    @staticmethod
    def iterative_sigma_clipping(data, sigma=2, max_iters=3):
        """Applies an iterative sigma clipping algorithm to the given data times number of iterations."""
        data = np.array(data)
        for _ in range(max_iters):
            mean, std = np.mean(data), np.std(data)
            clipped_data = data[(data > mean - sigma * std) & (data < mean + sigma * std)]
            if len(clipped_data) == len(data):
                break
            data = clipped_data
        return data

    def profile_tensorrt_model(self, engine_file: str, eps: float = 1e-3):
        """Profiles the TensorRT model, measuring average run time and standard deviation among runs."""
        if not self.trt or not Path(engine_file).is_file():
            return 0.0, 0.0

        # Model and input
        model = YOLO(engine_file)
        input_data = np.random.rand(self.imgsz, self.imgsz, 3).astype(np.float32)  # must be FP32

        # Warmup runs
        elapsed = 0.0
        for _ in range(3):
            start_time = time.time()
            for _ in range(self.num_warmup_runs):
                model(input_data, imgsz=self.imgsz, verbose=False)
            elapsed = time.time() - start_time

        # Compute number of runs as higher of min_time or num_timed_runs
        num_runs = max(round(self.min_time / (elapsed + eps) * self.num_warmup_runs), self.num_timed_runs * 50)

        # Timed runs
        run_times = []
        for _ in TQDM(range(num_runs), desc=engine_file):
            results = model(input_data, imgsz=self.imgsz, verbose=False)
            run_times.append(results[0].speed["inference"])  # Convert to milliseconds

        run_times = self.iterative_sigma_clipping(np.array(run_times), sigma=2, max_iters=3)  # sigma clipping
        return np.mean(run_times), np.std(run_times)

    def profile_onnx_model(self, onnx_file: str, eps: float = 1e-3):
        """Profiles an ONNX model by executing it multiple times and returns the mean and standard deviation of run
        times.
        """
        check_requirements("onnxruntime")
        import onnxruntime as ort

        # Session with either 'TensorrtExecutionProvider', 'CUDAExecutionProvider', 'CPUExecutionProvider'
        sess_options = ort.SessionOptions()
        sess_options.graph_optimization_level = ort.GraphOptimizationLevel.ORT_ENABLE_ALL
        sess_options.intra_op_num_threads = 8  # Limit the number of threads
        sess = ort.InferenceSession(onnx_file, sess_options, providers=["CPUExecutionProvider"])

        input_tensor = sess.get_inputs()[0]
        input_type = input_tensor.type
        dynamic = not all(isinstance(dim, int) and dim >= 0 for dim in input_tensor.shape)  # dynamic input shape
        input_shape = (1, 3, self.imgsz, self.imgsz) if dynamic else input_tensor.shape

        # Mapping ONNX datatype to numpy datatype
        if "float16" in input_type:
            input_dtype = np.float16
        elif "float" in input_type:
            input_dtype = np.float32
        elif "double" in input_type:
            input_dtype = np.float64
        elif "int64" in input_type:
            input_dtype = np.int64
        elif "int32" in input_type:
            input_dtype = np.int32
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported ONNX datatype {input_type}")

        input_data = np.random.rand(*input_shape).astype(input_dtype)
        input_name = input_tensor.name
        output_name = sess.get_outputs()[0].name

        # Warmup runs
        elapsed = 0.0
        for _ in range(3):
            start_time = time.time()
            for _ in range(self.num_warmup_runs):
                sess.run([output_name], {input_name: input_data})
            elapsed = time.time() - start_time

        # Compute number of runs as higher of min_time or num_timed_runs
        num_runs = max(round(self.min_time / (elapsed + eps) * self.num_warmup_runs), self.num_timed_runs)

        # Timed runs
        run_times = []
        for _ in TQDM(range(num_runs), desc=onnx_file):
            start_time = time.time()
            sess.run([output_name], {input_name: input_data})
            run_times.append((time.time() - start_time) * 1000)  # Convert to milliseconds

        run_times = self.iterative_sigma_clipping(np.array(run_times), sigma=2, max_iters=5)  # sigma clipping
        return np.mean(run_times), np.std(run_times)

    def generate_table_row(self, model_name, t_onnx, t_engine, model_info):
        """Generates a formatted string for a table row that includes model performance and metric details."""
        layers, params, gradients, flops = model_info
        return (
            f"| {model_name:18s} | {self.imgsz} | - | {t_onnx[0]:.2f} ± {t_onnx[1]:.2f} ms | {t_engine[0]:.2f} ± "
            f"{t_engine[1]:.2f} ms | {params / 1e6:.1f} | {flops:.1f} |"
        )

    @staticmethod
    def generate_results_dict(model_name, t_onnx, t_engine, model_info):
        """Generates a dictionary of model details including name, parameters, GFLOPS and speed metrics."""
        layers, params, gradients, flops = model_info
        return {
            "model/name": model_name,
            "model/parameters": params,
            "model/GFLOPs": round(flops, 3),
            "model/speed_ONNX(ms)": round(t_onnx[0], 3),
            "model/speed_TensorRT(ms)": round(t_engine[0], 3),
        }

    @staticmethod
    def print_table(table_rows):
        """Formats and prints a comparison table for different models with given statistics and performance data."""
        gpu = torch.cuda.get_device_name(0) if torch.cuda.is_available() else "GPU"
        header = (
            f"| Model | size<br><sup>(pixels) | mAP<sup>val<br>50-95 | Speed<br><sup>CPU ONNX<br>(ms) | "
            f"Speed<br><sup>{gpu} TensorRT<br>(ms) | params<br><sup>(M) | FLOPs<br><sup>(B) |"
        )
        separator = (
            "|-------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------------------------|"
            "-----------------------------------|------------------|-----------------|"
        )

        print(f"\n\n{header}")
        print(separator)
        for row in table_rows:
            print(row)