# Copyright DataStax, Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. from collections import namedtuple from heapq import heappush, heappop from itertools import cycle from threading import Condition import sys from cassandra.cluster import ResultSet, EXEC_PROFILE_DEFAULT import logging log = logging.getLogger(__name__) ExecutionResult = namedtuple('ExecutionResult', ['success', 'result_or_exc']) def execute_concurrent(session, statements_and_parameters, concurrency=100, raise_on_first_error=True, results_generator=False, execution_profile=EXEC_PROFILE_DEFAULT): """ Executes a sequence of (statement, parameters) tuples concurrently. Each ``parameters`` item must be a sequence or :const:`None`. The `concurrency` parameter controls how many statements will be executed concurrently. When :attr:`.Cluster.protocol_version` is set to 1 or 2, it is recommended that this be kept below 100 times the number of core connections per host times the number of connected hosts (see :meth:`.Cluster.set_core_connections_per_host`). If that amount is exceeded, the event loop thread may attempt to block on new connection creation, substantially impacting throughput. If :attr:`~.Cluster.protocol_version` is 3 or higher, you can safely experiment with higher levels of concurrency. If `raise_on_first_error` is left as :const:`True`, execution will stop after the first failed statement and the corresponding exception will be raised. `results_generator` controls how the results are returned. * If :const:`False`, the results are returned only after all requests have completed. * If :const:`True`, a generator expression is returned. Using a generator results in a constrained memory footprint when the results set will be large -- results are yielded as they return instead of materializing the entire list at once. The trade for lower memory footprint is marginal CPU overhead (more thread coordination and sorting out-of-order results on-the-fly). `execution_profile` argument is the execution profile to use for this request, it is passed directly to :meth:`Session.execute_async`. A sequence of ``ExecutionResult(success, result_or_exc)`` namedtuples is returned in the same order that the statements were passed in. If ``success`` is :const:`False`, there was an error executing the statement, and ``result_or_exc`` will be an :class:`Exception`. If ``success`` is :const:`True`, ``result_or_exc`` will be the query result. Example usage:: select_statement = session.prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=?") statements_and_params = [] for user_id in user_ids: params = (user_id, ) statements_and_params.append((select_statement, params)) results = execute_concurrent( session, statements_and_params, raise_on_first_error=False) for (success, result) in results: if not success: handle_error(result) # result will be an Exception else: process_user(result[0]) # result will be a list of rows Note: in the case that `generators` are used, it is important to ensure the consumers do not block or attempt further synchronous requests, because no further IO will be processed until the consumer returns. This may also produce a deadlock in the IO event thread. """ if concurrency <= 0: raise ValueError("concurrency must be greater than 0") if not statements_and_parameters: return [] executor = ConcurrentExecutorGenResults(session, statements_and_parameters, execution_profile) \ if results_generator else ConcurrentExecutorListResults(session, statements_and_parameters, execution_profile) return executor.execute(concurrency, raise_on_first_error) class _ConcurrentExecutor(object): max_error_recursion = 100 def __init__(self, session, statements_and_params, execution_profile): self.session = session self._enum_statements = enumerate(iter(statements_and_params)) self._execution_profile = execution_profile self._condition = Condition() self._fail_fast = False self._results_queue = [] self._current = 0 self._exec_count = 0 self._exec_depth = 0 def execute(self, concurrency, fail_fast): self._fail_fast = fail_fast self._results_queue = [] self._current = 0 self._exec_count = 0 with self._condition: for n in range(concurrency): if not self._execute_next(): break return self._results() def _execute_next(self): # lock must be held try: (idx, (statement, params)) = next(self._enum_statements) self._exec_count += 1 self._execute(idx, statement, params) return True except StopIteration: pass def _execute(self, idx, statement, params): self._exec_depth += 1 try: future = self.session.execute_async(statement, params, timeout=None, execution_profile=self._execution_profile) args = (future, idx) future.add_callbacks( callback=self._on_success, callback_args=args, errback=self._on_error, errback_args=args) except Exception as exc: # If we're not failing fast and all executions are raising, there is a chance of recursing # here as subsequent requests are attempted. If we hit this threshold, schedule this result/retry # and let the event loop thread return. if self._exec_depth < self.max_error_recursion: self._put_result(exc, idx, False) else: self.session.submit(self._put_result, exc, idx, False) self._exec_depth -= 1 def _on_success(self, result, future, idx): future.clear_callbacks() self._put_result(ResultSet(future, result), idx, True) def _on_error(self, result, future, idx): self._put_result(result, idx, False) class ConcurrentExecutorGenResults(_ConcurrentExecutor): def _put_result(self, result, idx, success): with self._condition: heappush(self._results_queue, (idx, ExecutionResult(success, result))) self._execute_next() self._condition.notify() def _results(self): with self._condition: while self._current < self._exec_count: while not self._results_queue or self._results_queue[0][0] != self._current: self._condition.wait() while self._results_queue and self._results_queue[0][0] == self._current: _, res = heappop(self._results_queue) try: self._condition.release() if self._fail_fast and not res[0]: raise res[1] yield res finally: self._condition.acquire() self._current += 1 class ConcurrentExecutorListResults(_ConcurrentExecutor): _exception = None def execute(self, concurrency, fail_fast): self._exception = None return super(ConcurrentExecutorListResults, self).execute(concurrency, fail_fast) def _put_result(self, result, idx, success): self._results_queue.append((idx, ExecutionResult(success, result))) with self._condition: self._current += 1 if not success and self._fail_fast: if not self._exception: self._exception = result self._condition.notify() elif not self._execute_next() and self._current == self._exec_count: self._condition.notify() def _results(self): with self._condition: while self._current < self._exec_count: self._condition.wait() if self._exception and self._fail_fast: raise self._exception if self._exception and self._fail_fast: # raise the exception even if there was no wait raise self._exception return [r[1] for r in sorted(self._results_queue)] def execute_concurrent_with_args(session, statement, parameters, *args, **kwargs): """ Like :meth:`~cassandra.concurrent.execute_concurrent()`, but takes a single statement and a sequence of parameters. Each item in ``parameters`` should be a sequence or :const:`None`. Example usage:: statement = session.prepare("INSERT INTO mytable (a, b) VALUES (1, ?)") parameters = [(x,) for x in range(1000)] execute_concurrent_with_args(session, statement, parameters, concurrency=50) """ return execute_concurrent(session, zip(cycle((statement,)), parameters), *args, **kwargs)