Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic multidetector CT (MDCT) 
Introduction
Maxillofacial fractures have various causes, such as falls, violence and others (1) . Falls are frequent cause of injury, especially in the elderly, causing disability, morbidity and increased health care utilization (2, 3) . Violence can result in various injuries, and the head and neck are regions often the most affected (4) . Fracture morphology of facial injury as a result of violence is often complex, the radiologist should be familiar with the imaging findings.
Introduction
Various radiographic methods have been used for diagnosing maxillofacial trauma. Panoramic tomography is widely used for the screening of orofacial trauma as well as other diseases (5) . Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is also used for diagnosing orofacial diseases (6) .
Introduction
However, despite a higher radiation dosage compared to radiography, in craniomaxillofacial injuries, CT is the imaging technique of choice to display the multiplicity of fragments, the rotation and dislocation degree, or any skull base involvement (7) . 
Materials and Methods
This prospective study was approved by the Ethics Statistical analysis of the relationship between cause and variables was performed using χ 2 test with Fisherʼs exact test. Odds ratio of falls was performed using logistic multivariate regression analysis. These analyses were performed with the statistical package SPSS version 14.0 (SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan). A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. (Table 3) .
Results

Discussion
MDCT can detect the non-displaced fractures and also provides valuable 3D morphology of the more complex injuries in facial trauma(2-4). Escott et al. (8) showed that CT was more sensitive than panoramic tomography, particularly for fractures of the angle, ramus, or condyle.
Discussion
Despite a higher radiation dosage compared to radiography, in craniomaxillofacial injuries, CT is the imaging technique of choice to display the multiplicity of fragments, the rotation and dislocation degree, or any skull base involvement(7). Furthermore, Ogura et al. (10, 12) reported that MDCT is an effective tool to assess craniomaxillofacial trauma, especially the multiple fracture locations, the degree of dislocation, soft tissue edema and hemorrhage. However, to our knowledge, characteristic MDCT findings of mandibular fractures resulting from falls and violence have not been reported in the literature. This study investigated the Falling accidents are a common cause of injury. CT is the imaging method of choice for these injuries, enabling fast and accurate diagnosis, thus leading to better treatment(3).
Discussion
Salonen et al. (2, 3) reported that the mandibular condylar fractures were most frequently in falling accidents. This study indicated that condyle type was most frequent in mandibular fractures resulting from falls, followed by The age and gender distribution is closely related to the circumstance of injury. Regarding to elderly patients. Ohki et al. (14) showed that the condylar type was considered more frequency in female with maxillofacial fractures resulting from falls. This study showed that falls were commonly observed in elderly patients, especially in female patients, and the violence were commonly observed in younger patients, especially in male patients. This result was in line with those of the previous studies (1) (2) (3) 18) . Domestic violence (DV) has been identified as a cause of maxillofacial fractures especially among women (19) .
Discussion
However, the diagnosis of DV is difficult because of a lack of clearly defined signs and symptoms (20) . This study showed that characteristic MDCT findings of mandibular fractures resulting from falls was condyle type, and those from violence were paramedian and angle type. We consider that paramedian and angle type with unknown cause may be mandible fractures resulting from violence, although we did not analyzed relationship between DV and mandibular fractures, because the number of DV was small in this study.
Discussion
In conclusion, the results of the presented study suggest the characteristic MDCT findings, especially the prevalence of location, of mandibular fractures resulting from falls and violence, and are useful for the appropriate treatment in patients with mandibular fracture, especially in disclosing the hidden violence.
Discussion
Int J Oral-Med Sci 13(2):53-58, 2014 57 Table 2 Characteristic multidetector CT findings of mandibular fractures resulting from falls and violence Table 3 Logistic multivariate regression analysis in characteristic CT findings of mandibular fractures resulting from falls and violence

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