For those wishing to take a formally structured undergraduate university semester-length course, this is the Spring offering for principles of radiation astronomy. Resource titles here are conventional although the actual resource may appear slightly different. For example, X-ray astronomy has been changed to Radiation astronomy/X-rays which is a suggestion for naming resources. See Wikiversity:Naming conventions which is a proposal. There are no consensus approved naming conventions at Wikiversity. Re-directs will automatically take you to each resource. General course details may be found at the Syllabus. "Scientists have found minerals formed near the sun or other stars in the samples returned to Earth by NASA's Stardust spacecraft in January [2006]." "The interesting thing is we are finding these high-temperature minerals in materials from the coldest place in the solar system." "We have found very high-temperature minerals, which supports a particular model where strong bipolar jets coming out of the early sun propelled material formed near to the sun outward to the outer reaches of the solar system." "It seems that comets are not composed entirely of volatile rich materials but rather are a mixture of materials formed at all temperature ranges, at places very near the early sun and at places very remote from it." For some 219 course resources such as laboratories (L), lectures, mini-lectures, lessons, problems, and quizzes, the total hits over the 219 elements was 9302 for the last full week in February combined with the first full three weeks in March. The breakdown per course elements was laboratories (L), 1.96 %, lectures, 76.1 %, lessons, 4.38 %, problems, 2.57 %, or quizzes, 14.9 %. Highest individual course element is Mathematical astronomy at 1,007. Lecture: Radiation astronomy. Laboratory: Cosmogony laboratory, report is due on January 11, 2022. Quiz: Radiation astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Meteor astronomy. Lecture: Galaxy cluster astronomy. Lesson: First blue source in Boötes, report due on January 13, 2022. Problem set: Energy phantoms, solutions including work steps due on January 13, 2022. Quiz: Meteor astronomy quiz. Quiz: Galaxy cluster astronomy quiz. Lecture: High-velocity galaxy astronomy. Lecture: Galaxy astronomy. Laboratory: Cratering, report is due on January 18, 2022. Quiz: High-velocity galaxy radiation astronomy quiz. Quiz: Galaxy radiation astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Active galactic nuclei astronomy. Lecture: Nebula astronomy. Lesson: First cyan source in Caelum, report due on January 20, 2022. Problem set: Furlongs per fortnight, solutions including work steps due on January 20, 2022. Quiz: Active galactic nuclei quiz. Quiz: Nebula quiz. Lecture: Standard candle astronomy. Lecture: Hypervelocity stellar astronomy. Laboratory: Analytical astronomy, report is due on January 25, 2022. Quiz: Standard candles quiz. Quiz: Hypervelocity stars quiz. Quiz section lecture: Stellar astronomy. Play media Lecture: Plasma-meteor astronomy. Lesson: First gamma-ray source in Triangulum Australe, report due on January 27, 2022. Problem set: Radiation astromathematics problems, solutions including work due on January 27, 2022. Quiz: Stellar astronomy quiz. Quiz: Plasma-meteors quiz. Lecture: Scattered disk astronomy. Lecture: Planetary astronomy. Laboratory: Electric orbits, report is due on February 1, 2022. Quiz: Scattered disk astronomy quiz. Quiz: Planetary astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Oort cloud astronomy. Lecture: Cloud astronomy. Lesson: First green source in Tucana, report due on February 3, 2022. Problem set: Problem set for radiation astronomy, solutions including work steps due on February 3, 2022. Quiz: Oort cloud astronomy quiz. Quiz: Cloud astronomy quiz. Lecture: Kuiper belt astronomy. Lecture: Asteroid astronomy. Laboratory: Electron beam heating, report is due on February 8, 2022. Quiz: Kuiper belt astronomy quiz. Quiz: Asteroid astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Cometary astronomy. Lecture: Aerometeor astronomy. Lesson: First infrared source in Crux, report due on February 10, 2022. Problem set: Vectors and coordinates, solutions including work steps due on February 10, 2022. Quiz: Cometary astronomy quiz. Quiz: Aerometeor astronomy quiz. Lecture: Rock astronomy. Lecture: Mineral astronomy. Laboratory: Galaxies, report is due on February 15, 2022. Quiz: Rock astronomy quiz. Quiz: Minerals astronomy quiz. Hourly: Principles of radiation astronomy/Hourly 1 for lectures 1-16. Questions may include quiz section lectures, lessons, problem sets, and laboratories up to today but not today's laboratory or quiz section lecture. Quiz section lecture: Lightning astronomy. Lecture: Meteoroid astronomy. Lesson: First neutron source in Volans, report due on February 17, 2022. Problem set: Unknown coordinate systems, solutions including work steps due on February 17, 2022. Quiz: Lightning astronomy quiz. Quiz: Meteoroid astronomy quiz. Lecture: Meteor-shower astronomy. Lecture: Fiery meteor astronomy. Laboratory: Intergalactic medium, report is due on February 22, 2022. Quiz: Meteor-shower astronomy quiz. Quiz: Fiery-meteor astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Particle astronomy. Lecture: Lithometeor astronomy. Lesson: First orange source in Cancer, report due on February 24, 2022. Problem set: Unusual units, solutions including work steps due on February 24, 2022. Quiz: Particle astronomy quiz. Quiz: Lithometeor astronomy quiz. Lecture: Cryometeor astronomy. Lecture: Hydrometeor astronomy. Laboratory: Locating the Sun, report is due on March 1, 2022. Quiz: Cryometeor astronomy quiz. Quiz: Hydrometeor astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Molecule astronomy. Lecture: Acoustic astronomy. Lesson: First positron source in Phoenix, report due on March 2, 2022. Problem set: Telescopes and cameras, solutions including work steps due on March 2, 2022. Quiz: Molecule astronomy quiz. Quiz: Acoustic astronomy quiz. Lecture: Atomic astronomy. Lecture: Neutrals astronomy. Laboratory: Meteorites, report is due on March 8, 2022. Quiz: Atomic astronomy quiz. Midterm examination: Principles of radiation astronomy Midterm quiz. This quiz is for lectures up through and including optical astronomy (1-24), the prior weeks laboratories, quiz section lectures from the course beginning through and including interplanetary medium, lessons and problem sets through and including those due previously to today. Quiz: Neutrals astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Subatomics astronomy. Lecture: Cosmic-ray astronomy. Lesson: First radio source in Pisces, report due on March 10, 2022. Problem set: Angular momentum and energy, solutions including work steps due on March 10, 2022. Quiz: Subatomic astronomy quiz. Quiz: Cosmic rays astronomy quiz. Lecture: Alpha-particle astronomy. Lecture: Hadron astronomy. Laboratory: Neutrinos from the Sun, report is due on March 15, 2022. Quiz: Alpha-particle astronomy quiz. Quiz: Hadron astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Baryon astronomy. Lecture: Neutron astronomy. Lesson: First red source in Canis Major, report due on March 17, 2022. Problem set: Cosmic circuits, solutions including work steps due on March 17, 2022. Quiz: Baryon astronomy quiz. Quiz: Neutron astronomy quiz. Lecture: Proton astronomy. Lecture: Meson astronomy. Laboratory: Spectrum of Vega, report is due on March 22, 2022. Quiz: Proton astronomy quiz. Quiz: Meson astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Tauon astronomy. Lecture: Muon astronomy. Lesson: First submillimeter source in Carina, report due on March 24, 2022. Problem set: Column densities, solutions including work steps due on March 24, 2022. Quiz: Tauon astronomy quiz. Quiz: Muon astronomy quiz. Hourly: Principles of radiation astronomy/Hourly 2 for Lectures 17-32. Questions may include quiz section lectures, laboratories, lessons and problem sets up to but not including today. Lecture: Neutrino astronomy. Lecture: Beta-particle astronomy. Laboratory: Standard candles, report is due on March 29, 2022. Quiz: Neutrino astronomy quiz. Quiz: Beta-particle astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Electron astronomy. Lecture: Positron astronomy. Lesson: First superluminal source in Indus, report due on March 31, 2022. Problem set: Spectrographs, solutions including work steps due on March 31, 2022. Quiz: Electron astronomy quiz. Quiz: Positron astronomy quiz. Lecture: Electromagnetic astronomy. Lecture: Synchrotron astronomy. Laboratory: Vertical precession, report is due on April 5, 2022. Quiz: Electromagnetic astronomy quiz. Quiz: Synchrotron astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Color astronomy. Lecture: Gamma-ray astronomy. Lesson: First ultraviolet source in Sagittarius, report due on April 7, 2022. Problem set: Planck's equation, solutions including work steps due on April 7, 2022. Quiz: Color astronomy quiz. Quiz: Gamma-ray astronomy quiz. Lecture: X-ray astronomy. Lecture: Ultraviolet astronomy. Laboratory: X-ray classification of a star, report is due on April 12, 2022. Quiz: X-ray astronomy quiz. Quiz: Ultraviolet astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Optical astronomy. Lecture: Visual astronomy. Lesson: First violet source in Leo, report due on April 14, 2022. Problem set: Synchrotron radiation/Problem set, solutions including work steps due on April 14, 2022. Quiz: Optical astronomy quiz. Quiz: Visual astronomy quiz. Lecture: Violet astronomy. Lecture: Blue astronomy. Laboratory: X-ray trigonometric parallax, report is due on April 19, 2022. Quiz: Violet astronomy quiz. Quiz: Blue astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Cyan astronomy. Lecture: Green astronomy. Lesson: First X-ray source in Andromeda, report due on April 21, 2022. Problem set: Radiation dosage, solutions including work steps due on April 21, 2022. Quiz: Cyan astronomy quiz. Quiz: Green astronomy quiz. Lecture: Yellow astronomy. Lecture: Orange astronomy. Laboratory: Magnetic field reversal, report is due on April 26, 2022. Quiz: Yellow astronomy quiz. Quiz: Orange astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Red astronomy. Lecture: Infrared astronomy. Lesson: First yellow source in Aquila, report due on April 28, 2022. Problem set: Star jumping, solutions including work steps due on April 28, 2022. Quiz: Red astronomy quiz. Quiz: Infrared astronomy quiz. Lecture: Submillimeter astronomy. Lecture: Microwave astronomy Quiz: Submillimeter astronomy quiz. Quiz: Microwave astronomy quiz. Quiz section lecture: Radar astronomy. Hourly: Principles of radiation astronomy/Hourly 3 for lectures 33-48, including quiz section lectures, lessons (except the last one), problem sets (except the last one), and laboratories not included in the first two hourlies. Lecture: Radio astronomy. Quiz: Radar astronomy quiz. Quiz: Radio astronomy quiz. Lecture: Gravitational astronomy. Lecture: Superluminal astronomy. Quiz: Gravitational astronomy quiz. Quiz: Superluminal astronomy quiz. Final examination: Principles of radiation astronomy/Final quiz covers everything in the course. Alternate examinations that may be used by your college or university for credit (and a grade) in this course will be available from Wikiversity by courier for closed, proctored session testing of proficiency. Courses offered in the Spring have higher student participation than ones offered in the Fall. Radiation astronomy courses Solar astronomy course Stars courses X-ray astronomy course Erica Hupp, Merrilee Fellows and William Jeffs (January 2006). "NASA's Stardust Findings May Alter View of Comet Formation". Pasadena, California USA: NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2016-11-22. Donald Brownlee (January 2006). "NASA's Stardust Findings May Alter View of Comet Formation". Pasadena, California USA: NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2016-11-22. Michael Zolensky (January 2006). "NASA's Stardust Findings May Alter View of Comet Formation". Pasadena, California USA: NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2016-11-22. Karen C. Fox (May 31, 2012). Science Nugget: Catching Solar Particles Infiltrating Earth's Atmosphere. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/particles-gle.html. S. Wolpert (July 24, 2008). Scientists solve 30-year-old aurora borealis mystery. http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/18277. Retrieved 2008-10-11.  International Astronomical Union NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database - NED NASA's National Space Science Data Center Office of Scientific & Technical Information PubChem Public Chemical Database The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System Scirus for scientific information only advanced search SDSS Quick Look tool: SkyServer SIMBAD Astronomical Database SIMBAD Web interface, Harvard alternate Spacecraft Query at NASA Universal coordinate converter {{Charge ontology}}{{Chemistry resources}}{{Physics resources}} {{Radiation astronomy resources}}{{Technology resources}}
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