Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) HISTORY OF THE Settlement of Upper Canada, (ONTARIO,) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BAY QUINTÃ. BY WM. CANNIFF, M.D., M.R.C.S.E., PROFESSOR OF SURGERY UNIVERSITY VICTORIA COLLEGE, AUTHOR OF THE âPRINCIPLES OF SURGERY.â TORONTO: DUDLEY & BURNS, PRINTERS, VICTORIA HALL. 1869. TO THE HONORABLE SIR JOHN ALEXANDER MACDONALD, K.C.B., D.C.L., M.P., PREMIER OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA, THIS VOLUME IS BY PERMISSION RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, AS A RECOGNITION OF HIS ABILITIES AS A CANADIAN STATESMAN, AND AS A TRIBUTE TO A LONG STANDING INHABITANT OF BAY QUINTÃ, WHO HAS GIVEN HIS TALENTS AND ENERGIES TO LAY A SURE FOUNDATION FOR âA GREAT NORTHERN NATION.â BY HIS RESPECTFUL ADMIRER, WILLIAM CANNIFF. PREFACE. In the year 1861 a meeting was convened at the Education Office, Toronto, with the view of establishing an Historical Society for Upper Canada. The writer, as an Upper Canadian by birth, and deeply interested in his country with respect to the past as well as the future, was present. The result of that meeting was the appointment of a Committee to frame a Constitution and By-Laws, and take the necessary steps to organize the proposed Society, and to report three weeks thereafter. The Committee consisted of the Hon. Mr. Merritt, Rev. Dr. Ryerson, Col. Jarvis, Mr. DeGrassi, Mr. Merritt, J. J. Hodgins, Dr. Canniff and Mr. Coventry. For reasons unknown to the writer, this Committee never even met. The following year the writer received a printed circular respecting an âHistorical Society of Upper Canadaâ which had been established at St. Catharines, of which Col. John Clarke, of Port Dalhousie, was President; Hon. Wm. H. Merritt, Vice-President, and George Coventry, of Cobourg, Secretary. âHONORARY MEMBERS.â âChief Justice Sir John Beverley Robinson, Bart., Colonel Jarvis, _Toronto_, Doctor Canniff, _Toronto_, Henry Eccles, Esq., Q.C., William H. Kittson, Esq., _Hamilton_, Henry Ruttan, Esq., _Cobourg_, The Venerable Lord Bishop of Toronto, Alfio DeGrassi, Esq., _Toronto_, J. P. Merritt, _St. Catharines_, Thomas C. Keefer, Esq., _Yorkville_, Hon. George S. Boulton, _Cobourg_, David, Burn, Esq., _Cobourg_.â At the request of this Society the writer undertook to prepare a Paper upon the Settlement of the Bay QuintÃ©. Having been induced to take up his abode for a time at Belleville, near which he was born, the writer availed himself of every opportunity he could create while engaged in his professional duties, during a period of five years, to collect facts pertaining to the subject. After some months of labor, he was advised by friends, in whose judgment he had confidence, to write a History of the Bay QuintÃ©, for publication. Acting upon this advice, he continued, with increased energy, to collect and elaborate material. In carrying out this object, he not only visited different sections of the country and many individuals, but consulted the libraries at Toronto and Ottawa, as well as availed himself of the private libraries of kind friends, especially Canniff Haight, Esq., of Picton. As the writer proceeded in his work, he found the subject assuming more extended proportions than he had anticipated. He found that, to write an account of the Settlement of the Bay QuintÃ©, was to pen a history of the settlement of the Province. Finally, he has been induced to designate the work âA History of the Settlement of Upper Canada.â The labor, time and thought which has been given to the subject need not to be dwelt upon. Every effort has been made, consistent with professional duties, upon which the writerâs family is dependent, to sift a mass of promiscuous material which has come under investigation, so that grains of truth alone might fill the measure which this volume represents. Various sources of information have been duly indicated in the text; but there are a large number of individuals, from whom information has been obtained, whose names could not be recalled. This work has been one of love as well as labor; yet time and again the writer would have relinquished it had it not been for the words of encouragement, volunteered by his friends. The writer has explained the cause of his writing this volume. He now presents it to the readerâto Canadiansâto the world. He loves his country so well, that he regrets an abler pen had not undertaken the task, that justice might be more fully done to the worthy. Fault may be found because of repeated and earnest protests against the attitude assumed by the United States: the comments made in respect to their history: the contrast drawn upon the subject of LIBERTY and FREEDOM. The writer offers no excuse. He has endeavored to adhere to truth. It is true these pages have been written during a period of great irritation to Canadians, from the hostile and aggressive spirit which the United States have displayed towards us; but a record has been made which, it is trusted, will stand the test of the closest examination. As to the work, apart from its historical character, no remark is offered, except that the writer is perfectly conscious of errors and imperfections. Time has not been allowed to polish; and while the pages have been going through the press, other necessary duties have prevented that close and undivided attention which the work demanded. But subscribers to the volume were urgent in their requests to have the work without further delays. The reader is referred to a page of _Errata_. A concluding chapter it has been found necessary to omit, in consequence of the size already attained. In this it was intended to discuss the future prospects of the Dominion. The writer has unbounded faith in the Confederation scheme. Before this scheme was initiated, the writer, in a lecture delivered to a Toronto audience, uttered these words. Pointing out the elements which constitute the fabric of a great nation, he remarked that he âloved to contemplate the future, when all the British American Provinces would be consolidated into a grand whole; when, from the summit of the Rocky Mountains, would be seenâto the East along the magnificent lakes and river to the Atlantic, and down the western slopes to the Pacificâthe ceaseless industry of the Canadian beaver, and the evergreen Maple Leaf overshadowing the peaceful homes of Canada.â The prospects now are far brighter than when those words were spoken; and notwithstanding the obstaclesâan unpatriotic company of Englishmen, the unscrupulous designs of covetous Americans, and the apathy of the British Governmentâthe belief is broad and strong that the dream of the future will be realized. There is life in the tree whose seed was planted eighty years ago, and as it has in the past continued to grow, so it will in the future. In concluding these prefatory remarks, we desire to tender our thanks to all who have assisted us directly or indirectly, by supplying information, and by encouraging words. Particularly we thank those gentlemen who gave their names as subscribers, some of them voluntarily, years ago, before the work was fairly commenced; also the Hon. Lewis Wallbridge, for procuring for us, when Speaker, copies of manuscript in the Parliamentary Library, at Ottawa. Finally, we express our obligations to the Publishers and Printers. Toronto, 27th March, 1869. [_Copy Right secured._] CONTENTS. A SKETCH OF FRANCO-CANADIAN HISTORY. CHAPTER I. PAGE AntiquarianismâRecords of the Early NationsâTraditionâThe Pressâ The Eastern WorldâThe Western WorldâImportance of Historyâ ColumbusâColonizationâCanadaâAmericaâCartierâFrench Canadian writersâCartierâs first visitâHuguenotsâCartierâs second visitâ Jean FrancoisâSir George E. CartierâEstablishment of the Fur TradeâChamplainâDiscovery of Lake OntarioâBay of QuintÃ©âQuebec foundedâFirst fighting with IndiansâFirst taking of Quebec by the BritishâReturned to FranceâThe Recollets and JesuitsâDeath of ChamplainâFoundation of MontrealâEmigration from FranceâThe Carignan RegimentâDeCourcelleâProposal to found a Fort at Lake OntarioâFrontenacâFort at CataraquiâLa SalleâFort at Niagaraâ First vessel upon the LakesâIts fateâDeath of La Salle, the first settler of Upper CanadaâFounder of LouisianaâDiscoverer of the mouth of the Mississippi 1 CHAPTER II. Cataraqui Fort strengthenedâKente Indians seized and carried captive to FranceâMassacre of LachineâCommencing struggle between New England and New FranceâSiege of Quebec by Sir Wm. PhippsâDestruction of Fort CataraquiâIts re-erectionâTreaty of RyswickâDeath of FrontenacâIroquois in EnglandâAnother attempt to capture QuebecâDecline of French powerâPopulation of Canada and of New EnglandâContinuation of the contest for the fur tradeâTaking of Fort LouisburgâCol. Washington, dishonorable conductâInconsistency of Dr. FranklinâCommencement of seven yearsâ warâClose of first yearâMontcalmâHis presentimentâTaking of Fort OswegoâOf Fort William HenryâFearful massacreâThe state of CanadaâWolfe appearsâTaking of FrontenacâDuquesneâApathy of FranceâThe Spring of 1759âReduced state of CanadaâOverthrow of French power in AmericaâThe resultâUnion of elementsâThe capture of QuebecâWolfeâDeath of MontcalmâFort NiagaraâJohnsonâEffort to retake QuebecâWreck of the French armyâCapitulation at Montrealâ PopulationâThe first British Governor of CanadaâThe Canadians as British subjectsâThe result of French enterpriseâRebellion 15 DIVISION I. THE REBELLION OF 1776âTHE THIRTEEN COLONIES. CHAPTER III. First American rebellionâIndependenceâTraitors made heroesâ Loyalists driven away to found another colonyâThe responsibility of rebellingâTreatment of the LoyalistsâThe several coloniesâThe first Englishman in AmericaâReceives Â£10âEnglish colonizationâ VirginiaâConvictsâExtent of VirginiaâFirst GovernorâVirginians not willing to rebelâQuota supplied to the rebel armyâNew Yorkâ HudsonâThe DutchâNew NetherlandsâPrice of New Amsterdam (New York)âFirst Legislative AssemblyâNot quick to rebelâQuota of rebel troopsâGave many settlers to Upper CanadaâNew JerseyâIts settlementâA battle groundâGave rebel troops; also loyal troopsâ Furnished settlers to Upper CanadaâMassachusettsâCaptain Smithâ New England PuritansâThe âMayflowerââFirst GovernorâCruel treatment of IndiansâMassachusetts takes the lead in rebellingâ TroopsâLoyalistsâNew HampshireâTroopsâDelawareâSettlementâQuota of rebel troopsâConnecticutâEducationâTroopsâRoman Catholicsâ TolerationâRhode IslandâProvidenceâInconsistency of the PuritansâRoger WilliamsâNorth CarolinaâInhabitantsâSouth CarolinaâMany LoyalistsâPennsylvaniaâWilliam PennâConduct toward IndiansâThe people opposed to rebellionâGeorgiaâOglethorpeâ Policy of New EnglandâNew England 32 CHAPTER IV. American writersâSabineâLoyalists had no time to wasteâ Independence not sought at firstâAdamsâFranklinâJayâJeffersonâ WashingtonâMadisonâThe British GovernmentâIngratitude of the ColonistsâTaxationâSmugglersâCrown officersâPersistenceâ Superciliousness Contest between Old England and New England 41 CHAPTER V. The signers of the Declaration of IndependenceâTheir nativityâ Injustice of American writers for 80 yearsâCast back mis-statementsâThe Whigs had been U. E. LoyalistsâHancockâ Office-seekersâMalcontents stir up strifeâWhat the fathers of the Republic fought forâRebel committeesâBlack mailâOtis, John Adams, Warren, Washington, Henry, FranklinâWhat caused them to rebelâWhat the American revolutionary heroes actually wereâ Cruelty, during and after the warâNo FreedomâThe political mistake of the rebels in alienating the loyalistsâThe ConsequenceâMotives of the loyalistsâFalse chargesâConscientious ConservativesâRebellion not warrantedâAttachment to the old flagâLoyalists driven awayâ_Suppressio veri_âWant of noble spirit towards the SouthâEffectsâComparison between loyalists and rebelsâEducationâReligionâThe neutralâThe professions 46 CHAPTER VI. RepublicanismâThe lesson of the first rebellionâThe late civil warâThe Loyalists; their losses and hardshipsâIgnored by AmericansâUnrecordedâThe world kept in ignoranceâAmerican gloryâ EnglishmenâQuestion of Colonial treatmentâThe reason why Great Britain failed to subdue the rebellionâCharacter of the rebel braveryâThe great resultâLiberty in England and United States contrastedâSlaveryâThe result to U. E. LoyalistsâBurgoyneâ MobocracyâTreatment from âSons of LibertyââOld men, women and childrenâInstances of crueltyâBrutalityâRapacityâTortureâThe lower classesââSwamp LawââFiendish crueltyâWorse than Butlerâs RangersâSeward and the FeniansâInfamous falsificationâClose of the warâRecognition of independence by Great BritainâCrushed hopes of the LoyalistsâIn New YorkâTheir conductâEvacuation dayâ The position of the LoyalistsâConfiscationââAttaintingââSeizing EstatesâPaineâCommissioners at ParisâBritish MinistryâLoyalistsâ petitionâKingâs speechâDivision of claimantsâSix classesâThe numberâTardy justiceâNoble conduct of South CarolinaâImpostorsâ Loyalists in Lower CanadaâProclamationâThe soldiersâ familiesâ JourneyingsâMeeting of families 52 CHAPTER VII. A spirit of strifeâThe French warâBritish American troopsâFormer comrades opposedâNumber of U. E. Loyalists in the fieldâGeneral BurgoyneâDefeatâFirst reverse of British armsâThe campaignâ Colonel St. LegerâFort StanwixâColonel BaumeâBattle of BenningtonâGeneral HerkimerâGatesâSchuylerâBraemar Heightsâ SaratogaâSurrenderâThe result upon the peopleâSir John Johnsonâ Sir WilliamâSketchâIndian ChiefâLaced coatâIndianâs dreamâIt comes to passâSir William dreamsâIt also comes to passâToo hard a dreamâSir JohnâAttempt to arrestâEscapeâStarvingâRoyal greensâ Johnsonâs lossesâLiving in CanadaâDeathâPrincipal Corps of RoyalistsâKingâs RangersâQueenâs RangersâMajor RogersâSimcoeâThe Rangers in Upper CanadaâDisbandedâThe Hessians 63 CHAPTER VIII. Indian namesâThe Five TribesâThe SixthâConfederationâGovernmentâ SubdivisionsâOriginâHendrickâDeathâBrantâBirthâEducationâ MarriedâTeachingâChristianityâBrant elected ChiefâCommissioned a British CaptainâVisits EnglandâReturnsâLeads his warriors to battleâEfforts of Rebels to seduce Brant to their causeâ Attempted treachery of the Rebel HerkimerâBorder warfareâ WyomingâAttempt to blacken the character of BrantâHis noble conductâUntruthful American HistoryâThe inhabitants of Wyomingâ The Rebels first to blameâCherry ValleyâVan SchaickâBloody ordersâTerrible conduct of the Rebels, Helpless Indian familiesâ Further deeds of blood and rapine by the rebel SullivanâA month of horrible workâAttributes of cruelty more conspicuous in the Rebels than in the IndiansâThe New EnglanderâConduct toward the IndiansâInconsistentâThe âdown troddenââThe MohawksâIndian agricultureâBroken faith with the IndiansâNoble conduct of BrantâAfter the warâHis familyâDeathâMiss MollyâIndian usageâThe character of the MohawkâThe six Indians as CanadiansâFidelity to the BritishâReceiving landâBay QuintÃ©âGrand RiverâSettlingâ Captain Isaac, Captain JohnâAt presentâMohawk Counsel 71 CHAPTER IX. IndividualsâAndersonâBethuneâBurwellâButlerâCanliffâClausâCoffinâ DouneâJarvisâJonesâMcDonaldâMcGillâMcGillesâMerritâMundayâ PetersâRobinsonâSingletonâRossâMcNabâAllenâAllisonâAshleyâBellâ BurrittâCaseyâCarscallionâChurchâClarkâCrawfordâDameâDalyâ Diamond 85 CHAPTER X. FergusonâFrazerâGerollamyâGoldsmithâHarrisonâHudginsâHicksâHowellâ HoverâHogleâHamâHerkimerâHoltâJonesâJohnsonâKetchesonâLoystâ MyersâMcArthurâMillerâMordensâMcDonaldâMcDonnellâMcDonellâ OstromâPeterson 100 CHAPTER XI. Rogersâ familyâRyersonâRednerâSherwoodâTaylorâVan Dusenâ WilliamsburghâWrightâWilkinsâYoungâOfficers who settled in Niagara District 117 DIVISION II. TRAVELING IN EARLY TIMESâORIGINAL ROUTES. CHAPTER XII. Indian pathsâPortagesâOriginal French routesâMer de Canadaâ Original names of St. LawrenceâOntarioâHuronâRoute by Bay QuintÃ©âOld French mapsâOriginal English routesâFour ways from Atlantic to the LakesâMississippiâPotomacâHudsonâIndian name of ErieâFrom New York to OntarioâThe Hudson RiverâMohawkâWood creekâOneida LakeâOswego RiverâThe carrying placesâWest Canada CreekâBlack RiverâOswegotchieâThe navigationâMilitary highwayâ Lower CanadaâAn historic routeâThe paths followed by the LoyalistsâIndian paths north of Lake OntarioâCrossing the Lakeâ From Cape Vincent to the Bay QuintÃ©âFrom Oswego by Duck Islandsâ East LakeâPicton BayâCoasting OntarioâTwo ways to HuronâBy Bay QuintÃ© and Trent; by Don RiverâLake SimcoeâPoint Traverseâ LoyalistsâTravelling by the St. LawrenceâFirst roadâLong remembered event 129 CHAPTER XIII. Indians traveled by foot or by canoeâSecreting canoesâPrimeval scenesâHunting expeditionsâWar pathâIn 1812âBrockâA night at Myersâ CreekâImportant arrivalâThe North West CompanyâTheir canoesâRouteâGrand PortageâThe VoyageursâThe BatteauxâSizeâ Ascending the rapidsâLachineâA dry dockâLoyalists by batteauxâ Durham boatsâDifficultiesâIn 1788, time from Lachine to FredericksburghâWaiting for batteauxâExtracts from a journal, traveling in 1811âFrom Kingston to MontrealâThe expensesâThe Schenectady boatsâTrade between Albany and CataraquiâThe Durham boatâDuncanâDescription of flat-bottomed boat by âMurrayââ Statement of FinkleâTradingâBatteaux in 1812âRate of travelingâ The change in fifty yearsâTime from Albany to Bay QuintÃ©â InstancesâLoyalists traveling in winterâRouteâWillsbury wildernessâTarrying at CornwallâThe âFrench TrainââTraveling along north shore of OntarioâIndian pathâHorsebackâIndividual owners of batteauxâAround Bay QuintÃ©âThe Last regular batteauxâ In 1819ââLinesâ from magazine 135 CHAPTER XIV. The first VesselâThe FrenchâLa SalleâThe GriffonâVessels in 1770â During the RebellionâBuilding at Carleton IslandâCaptain AndrewsâThe OntarioâCol. BurtonâLoss of the OntarioâThe SheehansâHillsâGivinsââMurneyâs PointâSchooner âSpeedyââMohawkâ MississaugaâDuke of KentâCapt. BouchetteâPaxtonâMcKenzieâ RichardsonâEarle SteeleâForticheâThe Governor SimcoeâSloop âElizabethââFirst vessel built at YorkâCollinsâ Report upon Navigating the LakesâNavy in Upper Canada, 1795âRochfoucaultâ Capt. BouchetteâOfficersâ PayâYork, the centre of the Naval ForceâGun BoatsâThe Loss of the âSpeedyââReckonerâDr. Strachanâ Solicitor-Gen. GrayâCanada took the lead in building Vesselsâ First Canadian Merchant VesselâThe YorkâA Schooner on runners round the FallsâSending Coals to NewcastleâUpon Bay QuintÃ©âThe Outskirts of CivilizationââThe Prince Edwardâ built of Red CedarâIn 1812âSchooner âMary Annââ1817âCapt. Matthews 147 DIVISION III. THE LOYALISTS AS PIONEERSâTHE ORIGINAL SURVEY. CHAPTER XV. Major Gen. HollandâSurveying on Atlantic CoastâAn adherent of the CrownâRemoval to MontrealâDeathâMajor HollandâInformation from âMaple LeavesââHolland FarmâTachÃ©âFirst Canadian PoemâHead Quarters of Gen. MontgomeryâHospitalityâDuke of KentâSpencer GrangeâHolland TreeâGravesâEpitaphsâSurveyor WashingtonâCounty SurveyorâSurveyors after the WarâFirst Survey in Upper Canadaâ Commenced in 1781âThe Mode pursuedâInformation in Crown Lands DepartmentâThe Nine Townships upon the St. LawrenceâAt the close of the WarâNon-Professional SurveyorsâThomas SherwoodâAssisting to SettleâSurveying around the Bay QuintÃ©âBongardâ Deputy-Surveyor CollinsâFirst Survey at FrontenacâTown Reserveâ Size of TownshipâMistakesâKotteâTuffyâCapt. GrassâCapt. Murneyâ Surveying in WinterâPlanting PostsâResultâLitigationâLosing LandâA Newspaper LetterâMagistratesâLandholdersâTheir Sonsâ LawyersâAlleged FilchingâSpeculators at Seat of GovernmentâGrave ChargesâWidth of LotsâMode of SurveyingâNumber of Concessionsâ Cross RoadsâSurveyors OrdersâNumbering the LotsâSurveying around the BayâThe ten TownshipsâTheir LandsâThe Surveying PartyâA SingerâStatement of Gourlay 154 CHAPTER XVI. The term ConcessionâFirst Concession of Land in CanadaâThe Carignan RegimentâSeignioriesâDisproportion of the sexesâFemales sent from FranceâTheir appearanceâSettling themâMarriage allowanceâThe last seignioryâNew LongeuilâSeigniory at FrontenacâGrants to refugeesâOfficers and menâScale of grantingâ Free of expenseâSquattingâDisbanded soldiersâRemote regionsâA wise and beneficent policyâImpostorsâVery young officersâ Wholesale granting of landâRepublicans coming overâCovetousâ False pretensionsâGovernment had to discriminateâRules and regulationsâFamily landsâBountyâCertificatesâSelling claimsâRear concessionsâTransfer of location ticketâLand boardâTardiness in obtaining titles to real estateâTransfer by bondâJobbingâSir Wm. PullencyâWashingtonâGiving lands to favoritesâReservesâEvil resultsâThe Family CompactâExtract from PlayterâExtract from Lord DurhamâFrom GourlayâRecompense to LoyalistsâRationsâMode of drawing landâLand agentâBroken frontâTraitor ArnoldâTyendinaga 164 CHAPTER XVII. LinesâWestern Settlement, 1783âPopulationâSettlement upon St. Lawrence and BayâNumber, 1784âProclamation to LoyalistsâSociety disturbedâTwo kinds of LoyalistsâSt. Lawrence and Bay favorable for settlementâGovernment provisionsâState of the Loyalistsâ Serving out rationsâClothesâUtensils for clearing and fencingâ The axeâFurnitureâAttacking a last enemyâTentsâWaiting for their lotsââBeesââSize of dwellingsâMode of buildingâExchanging workâ BedsteadsâClearingâFireing treesâIgnorance of pioneer lifeâ Disposing of the woodâNo beast of burdenâLoggingâDeterminationâ All settlers on a common groundâAdditional refugeesâAdvanceâ Simcoeâs proclamation, 1792âConditions of grantsâThe responseâ Later settlersâQuestionable LoyalistsâYankees longing for CanadaâLoyalty in 1812 181 DIVISION IV. THE FIRST YEARS OF UPPER CANADA. CHAPTER XVIII. Father PicquetâProvision of Forts in Upper Canada just before conquestâFrontenacâMilkâBrandyâTorontoâThe several fortsâ DetroitâBritish garrisonsâGrasping rebelsâEfforts to starve out Loyalists in CanadaâWorse treated than the AcadiansâEfforts to secure Fur TradeâThe frontier fortsâAmericansâ conduct to IndiansâResultâConduct of British GovernmentâRations for three yearsâGrinding by handââHominy blocksâââPlumping millââThe womenâSoldier farmersâThe HessiansâSufferingâThe âScarce Yearââ Charge against the Commissariat officersâFamineâCry for breadâ Instances of sufferingâStarving childrenâNo saltâFishâGameâ Eating young grainâBegging branâA common sorrowâProvidential escapesâEating buds and leavesâDeathsâPrimitive fishingâCatching salmonâGoing 125 miles to millâDisconsolate familiesâ1789â Partial reliefâFirst beef slaughtered in Upper CanadaâFirst log barnâA âBee,â what they ate and drankâTea introducedâStatements of Sheriff SherwoodâRoger BatesâJohn ParrottâCol. ClarkâSquirrel swimming NiagaraâMaple sugarâHow it was madeâWomen assistingâ Made dishes of foodâPumpkin loafâExtract from Rochefoucaultâ 1795âQuality of grain raisedâQuintÃ© BayâCultivationâCorn exportedâThe grain dealersâPrice of flourâPorkâProfits of the merchants 191 CHAPTER XIX. Kingston MillsâAction of GovernmentâThe MillwrightâSituation of the first MillâWhy SelectedâThe MachineryâPut up by LoyalistsâNo TollâOnly Mill for three yearsâGoing to Mill, 1784âThe Napanee MillâCommenced 1785âRobert ClarkeâAn old BookââAppeneaâ Fallsâ Price of certain articlesâWhat Rum cost, and was used forâThe Mill opened 1787âSergt.-Major Clarke in chargeâIndian CornâSmall TollâSurveyor Collins in chargeâBecomes the property of R. Cartwright, 1792âRebuiltâOrigin of NapaneeâPrice of Butter, 1788âMills at Four Mile Creek, Niagara Falls, Fort Erie, and Grand RiverâMills on the St. LawrenceâThe Stone MillsâVan AlstineâLake of the Mountainâ1796âNatural Beauty, _versus_ UtilityâThe MillâVan Alstineâs DeathâWind MillâMyerâs MillâMill at Consecon 206 CHAPTER XX. ClothingâDomestic and Farming ImplementsâStyle of Dress eighty years agoâClothing of the RefugesâDisbanded SoldiersâNo Fresh SupplyâIndian Garments of SkinâDeerskin PantsâPetticoatsâBed CoveringsâCultivating FlaxâSheepâHome-made ClothesâRude ImplementsâFullingâFrench ModeâLindsay WoolseyâThe Spinning-wheelâYoung men Selecting WivesâBeesâMarriage Portionâ Every Farmer his own Tanner and ShoemakerâFashionsâHow odd hours were spentâHome-made ShoesâWhat Blankets were made ofâPrimitive BedsteadâNakednessâBridal ApparelâNo SaddlesâKingston and NewarkâLittle MoneyâBarteringâMerchants from AlbanyâUnable to buyâCredit with MerchantsâThe ResultsâItinerant Mechanicsâ AmericansâBecome CanadiansâAn old Stone-masonâWooden Dishesâ Making SpoonsâOther HardshipsâIndians FriendlyâEffects of Alcohol upon the MississaugasâGroundless PanicâDrunken Indiansâ Women, defending ThemselvesâAn erroneous Statement about Indian Massacre in âDominion Monthly MagazineââStatement of an Old Settler, SherwoodâWild BeastsâFew Fire-armsâNarrow Escapesâ Depredations at NightâDestroying StockâAn Act of ParliamentââA travellerâs statementââThe Day of Small ThingsâSettlers ContentedâThe Extent of their AmbitionâReward of Industryâ Population in 1808âImportationsâMoneyâThe Youth 211 CHAPTER XXI. Sweat of the browâNo beast of burdenâNo stockâExcept by a fewâ Horses and oxenâFrom Lower CanadaâYork StateâLate comers, brought someâNo fodderâFirst stock in AdolphustownâIncidentsâ Cock and hensââTiplerââCattle drivingâFirst cow in ThurlowâFirst house in MarysburghâThe first oxenâNo market for butter and cheeseâSheepâRev. Mr. Stuart, as an AgriculturistâHorses at NapaneeâAn offer for a yoke of steers 220 CHAPTER XXII. Old channels of trade, and travelâArt and scienceâNew channelsâThe wildernessâLoyalists Travelling on foot, from Kingston to Yorkâ Formation of roadsâAct of parliamentâ1793âIts provisionsâCrooked roadsâFoot-pathâBridle-pathâKingâs highway from Lower Canadaâ When surveyedâRoad from Kingston westwardâIts courseâSimcoeâs military roadâDundas streetâAsa DanforthâContract with governmentâRoad from Kingston to AncasterâDanforth roadâ1799â MisunderstandingsâDanforthâs pamphletsâSlow improvementâCauseâ Extract from GourlayâThomas Marklandâs reportâFerriesâ1796âActs of parliamentâStatute laborâMoney grantsâCommissionersâMidland districtâDistributionâThe Cataraqui Bridge CompanyâThe petitionersâAn actâThe provisionsâThe plan of buildingâThe bridgeâTollâCompleting the bridgeâImprovements of roadsâMcAdamâ Declines a knighthood 224 CHAPTER XXIII. Ode to CanadaâEarly eventsâFirst English child in America, 1587âIn New EnglandâFirst French child, 1621âFirst in Upper Canada, 1783âIn Prince EdwardâAdolphustownâAmeliasburghâNorth of the RideauâIndian marriage ceremonyâDifficulty among first settlers to get clergymenâFirst marriage in America, 1608âFirst in New England, 1621âFirst in Canada, 1621âMarriageable folksâNo one to tie the matrimonial knotâOnly one clergymanâOfficers marryingâ Magistrates empoweredâLegislation, 1793âIts provisionâMaking valid certain marriagesâFurther Legislation, 1798âIn 1818â1821â 1831âClergymen of all denominations permitted to marryâMethodist ministersâMarriage license, 1814âFive persons appointed to issueâA noticeable matterâStatements of BatesâMode of courting in the woodsâNewcastle wedding expeditionsâWeapons of defenceâ Ladiesâ dressesâThe loverâs ârigââA wedding ringâPaying the magistrateâA good corn basketâGoing to weddingsââBittersââOld folks stay at homeâThe dance, several nightsâMarriage outfitâ Frontier lifeâMorals in Upper CanadaâAbsence of irregularitiesâ Exceptional instancesâUnable to get married, Peter and PollyâA singular witnessâRev. Mr. StuartâLanghornâMcDowellâHow to adorn the brideâWhat she woreâA wedding in 1808âOn horsebackâThe guestsâThe weddingâThe banquetâThe game of forfeitsâThe nightâ Second day weddingâThe young folks on horsebackâTerpischoreanâAn elopement by canoeâThe SquireâThe chaseâThe lovers successfulâ The Squires who married 232 CHAPTER XXIV. Burying placesâHow selectedâFamily burying placeâFor the neighborhoodâThe DutchâUpon the HudsonâBay QuintÃ©âA sacred spot to the LoyalistsâAshes to ashesâPrimitive mode of burialâThe coffinâAt the graveâThe fatherâs remarksâReturn to laborâFrench Burying-place at FrontenacâIts siteâU. E. Loyalistsâ burying place at KingstonâThe âU. E. burying-ground,â Adolphustownâ Worthy sires of Canadaâs sonsâDecayâNeglect of illustrious deadâ Repair wantedâOldest burying-ground in Prince EdwardâRoss Placeâ At East LakeâUpon the Rose farmââThe Dutch burying-groundââ Second growth treesâIn SophiasburghâCronk farmâIn SidneyâRude tomb stonesâBurial-place of Captain MyersâReflectionsâDust to dustâIn ThurlowââTaylor burying-groundââThe first person buriedâ Lieut. FergusonâAn aged femaleâHer work doneâWheels stand still 243 DIVISION V. THE EARLY CLERGYMEN AND CHURCHES. CHAPTER XXV. French missionariesâFirst in 1615âRecolletsâWith Champlainâ Jesuits, in 1625âValuable recordsâBishopric of Quebec, 1674â First Bishop of Canada, LavalâRivalryâPower of JesuitsâNumber of missionariesâTheir ârelationsââFirst mission field; Bay QuintÃ© regionââAntient missionââHow foundedâFirst missionariesâKleus, Abbe DâUrfÃ©âLa Salle to build a churchâThe ornaments and sacred vesselsâThe site of the âChappelâ uncertainâBald Bluff, Carrying PlaceâSilver crossesâMission at Georgian BayâThe âChristian IslandsââChapel at Michilmicinac, 1679âThe natives attractedâ Subjects of the French KingâFrancois PicquetâLa Presentationâ _Soegasti_âThe most important missionâThe objectâSix NationsâThe missionaryâs livingââDisagreeable expostulationsââPutting stomach in orderâTroutâPicquetâs mode of teaching IndiansâThe same afterwards adopted by Rev. W. CaseâPicquetâs successâ Picquet on a voyageâAt Fort TorontoâMississaugasâ requestâ Picquetâs replyâA slanderâAt Niagara, OswegoâAt FrontenacâGrand receptionâReturn to La PresentationâPicquet in the last French warâReturns to FranceâBy MississippiââApostles of Peaceââ Unseemly strifeâLast of the Jesuits in Canada 249 CHAPTER XXVI. First church in New York, 1633âFirst Dominie, Rev. Everardus BogardusâThe Dutch, Huguenots, PilgrimsâTransporting ministers and churchesâFirst Rector of New York, Wm. VeseyâHenry Barclay, 1746âFirst Catholic Bishop in America, 1789âEpiscopalian Bishop, 1796âMoral state of Pioneers in CanadaâReligionâNo ministersâNo striking immoralityâFeared God and honored their KingâThe Fathers of Upper CanadaâReligious viewsâA hundred years agoâ âCarousing and DancingââRev. Dr. John OgilvieâFirst Protestant clergyman in CanadaâChaplain, 1759, at NiagaraâA Missionary Successor of Dr. Barclay, New YorkâDeath, 1774âRev. John DoughtyâA Graduate ordainedâAt PeekskillâSchenectadyâA Loyalistâ A PrisonerâTo CanadaâChaplainâTo EnglandâReturnsâMissionary ResignsâRev Dr. John StuartâFirst clergyman to settleâHis memoirâThe âFather of the U. C. ChurchââMission workâThe five nationsâThe DutchâRev. Mr. FreemanâTranslatorâRev. Mr. Andrewsâ Rev. Mr. Spencer Woodbridge, HowleyâNew England missionariesâ Rev. Dr. WhelockâThe Indian convertsâThe London societyâRev. Mr. InglisâJohn Stuart selected missionaryâA native of Pennsylvaniaâ Irish descentâA graduate, Phil. Coll.âJoins Church of EnglandâTo EnglandâOrdinationâHoly Orders, 1770âEnters upon his work 255 CHAPTER XXVII. At Fort HunterâMr. Stuartâs first sermon, ChristmasâOfficiates in Indian tongueâTranslatesâThe rebellionâPrayers for the KingâThe JohnsonsâRebels attack his houseâPlunderâIndignityâChurch desecratedâUsed as a stableâA barrel of rumâArrestedâOrdered to come before rebel commissionersâOn ParoleâLimitsâIdle two yearsâ To AlbanyâPhilâDetermines to remove to CanadaâNot secureâ ExchangingâSecurityâReal estate forfeitedâRouteâNegroesâThe journey, three weeksâAt St. JohnâsâCharge of Public Schoolâ ChaplainâAt the close of the warâThree Protestant Parishesâ Determines to settle at CataraquiâChaplain to Garrisonâ MissionaryâBishop of Virginia, Dr. GriffithâVisits Mr. Stuartâ Invitation to Virginia declinedââRivetted prejudices,â satisfiedââThe only refuge clergymenââPath of dutyâVisits the settlements, 1784âMohawks, Grand riverâReception of their old pastorâFirst churchâMohawks, Bay of QuintÃ©âRemains in Montreal a yearâAssistantâRemoves to Cataraqui, 1785âHis landâNumber of houses in KingstonâA short cut to Lake HuronâFortunate in landâ 5000 settlersâPoor and happyâIndustriousâAround his Parish, 1788âTwo hundred miles longâBy batteauâBrantâNew OswegoâMohawk village church, steeple, and bellâFirst in Upper CanadaâPlateâ OrganâFurnitureâReturnsâAt NiagaraâOld parishionersâTempted to moveâComfortable, not richâDeclines a judgeshipâNew MecklenburghâAppointed Chaplain to first House of Assemblyâ Mohawk MissionâAt MarysburghâDegree of D.D.âProsperityâHappyâ Decline of lifeâHis dutiesâIllness, Death, 1811âHis appearanceâ âThe little gentlemanââHis mannersâHonorable titleâHis childrenâ Rev. OâKill Stuart 260 CHAPTER XXVIII. A MissionaryâChaplain at NiagaraâPastors to the settlersâChaplain to LegislatureâVisits Grand riverâOfficiatesâA land speculatorâ Receives a pension, Â£50â1823âRev. Mr. PollardâAt Amherstburghâ Mr. LanghornâA missionaryâLittle educationâUsefulâOddâOn Bay QuintÃ© in ErnesttownâBuilds a churchâAt AdolphustownâPreaches at HagermanâsâAnother churchâA diligent pastorâPioneer preacher around the bayâChristeningâMarryingâParticularâHis appointmentsâ Clerkâs FeesâGenerosityâPresent to brideâFaithful to sick callsâ Frozen feetâNo stockingsâShoe bucklesâDressâBooksâPeculiaritiesâ Fond of the waterâCharitableâWar of 1812âDetermined to leave CanadaâThinks it doomedâSingular noticeâReturns to EuropeâHis libraryâPresent to KingstonâTwenty years in CanadaâExtract from GazetteâNo one immediately to take his placeâRev. John Bethuneâ Died 1815âNative of ScotlandâU. E. LoyalistsâLost Propertyâ Chaplain to 84th RegimentâA PresbyterianâSecond Legal Clergymen in Upper CanadaâSettled at CornwallâChildrenâThe BaptistsâWynerâ TurnerâHolts WiemâBaptists upon river MoiraâFirst ChapelâHow builtâPlaces of preachingâHaydenâs CornersâAt East LakeâThe LutheransâRev. SchwerdfegerâLutheran settlersâCounty Dundasâ First church east of KingstonâRev. Mr. Myers lived in MarysburghâMarriageâHis log churchâRemoves to St. Lawrenceâ ResignsâTo PhiladelphiaâMr. WeantâLives in ErnesttownâRemoves to MatildaâNot supportedâSecretly joins the English churchâ Re-ordainedâHis society ignorantâSuspiciousâPreaching in shirt sleevesâMr. Myersâ return, by sleighâLocking church doorâThe thirty-nine articlesâCompromiseâMr. Myers continues three years a LutheranâHe secedesâThe end of both SecedersâRev. I. L. SenderlingâRev. Herman HayungaâRev. Mr. ShortsâLast Lutheran minister at Ernesttown, McCartyâMarried 267 CHAPTER XXIX. Bishop StrachanâA teacherâA preacherâA studentâHoly OrdersâA PresbyterianâBecomes an EpiscopalianâA supporter of the âFamily compactââSincereâHis opinion of the peopleâIgnorantâUnprepared for self-governmentâStrachanâs religious chartâHe was deceivedâ The MethodistsâAnomalous connectionâA fillibustering peopleâ Republicanism egotisticalâLoyalty of the MethodistsâAmerican ministersâDr. Strachanâs positionâHis birth placeâHis educationâ A.M., 1793âStudying TheologyâComes to CanadaâA student of Dr. StuartâsâOrdained DeaconâA missionary at CornwallâRector at YorkâArchdeaconâBishop of TorontoâCoadjutorâDeathâA public burialâRev. Mr. McDowellâFirst Presbyterian at Bay QuintÃ©â Invited by Van AlstineâOn his wayâAt BrockvilleâSettles in a second townâHis circuitâA worthy ministerâFulfilling his missionâTraveling on footâTo YorkâMarrying the peopleâHis deathâ His descendantsâPlaces of preachingâA CalvinistâInvites controversyâMr. Coate accepts the challengeâThe disputationâ ExcitementâThe resultâRev. Mr. SmartâCalled by Mr. McDowellâ Pres. clergyman at BrockvilleâFifty yearsâAn earnest ChristianâA desire to writeââObserverââA pioneerâA cause of regretâNot extremeâMr. Smartâs views on politicsâThe masses uneducatedâThe âFamily CompactââRise of responsible governmentâThe Bidwellsâ Credit to Dr. StrachanâBrockâs funeral sermonâFoundation of Kingston gaolâMaitlandâDemonstrationâSherwoodâs statement 273 CHAPTER XXX. The QuakersâAmong the SettlersâFrom PennâDuchess CountyâFirst Meeting-houseâDavid SandâElijah HickâVisiting CanadaâJames NoxenâA first settlerâTheir mode of worshipâIn SophiasburgâThe meeting-houseâJoseph LeavensâHicksitesâTravelingâDeath, aged 92â Extract, Picton SunâThe first preaching placesâFirst English churchâIn private housesâAt SandwichâThe Indian church at the bayâErnesttownâFirst Methodist churchâPreaching at NiagaraâFirst church in KingstonâAt WaterlooâAt NiagaraâChurches at Kingston, 1817âIn HallowellâThurlowâMethodist meeting-houses, 1816âAt MontrealâBuilding chapels in olden timesâOccupying the frameâThe old Methodist chapelsâIn Hallowell townshipâIn the fifth townâ St. LawrenceâFirst English Church, BellevilleâMr. CampbellâFirst time in the pulpitâHow he got outâThe old church supersededâ Church, front of SidneyâRev. John CochraneâRev. Mr. GrierâFirst Presbyterian Church in BellevilleâRev. Mr. KetchamâFirst Methodist Church in BellevilleâHealey, PufferâThe site of the churchâA second one 279 CHAPTER XXXI. The first Methodist PreachersâThe armyâCapt. WebbâTuffeyâGeorge NealâLyonsâSchool-teacherâExhorterâMcCartyâPersecutionâBigotryâ VagabondsâMcCarty arrestedâTrialâAt KingstonâBanishedââA martyrââDoubtfulâLosee, first Methodist missionary, 1790âA ministerâA loyalistâWhere he first preachedââA curiosityââ Earnest pioneer MethodistâClass-meetingsâSuitable for all classesâLoseeâs class-meetingsâDetermines to build a meeting-houseâBuilt in AdolphustownâIts sizeâThe subscribersâ Members, amountâEmburyâThose who subscribed for first church in New YorkâSame namesâThe centenary of MethodismâNew York Methodists driven awayâAmerican Methodist forgetfulâEmbury and Heck refugeesâAshgroveâNo credit given to British officersâ Emburyâs brotherâThe rigging loft, N. Y.âBarbara HeckâSettling in AugustaâFirst Methodist Church in AmericaâSubscribersââLost ChaptersââThe Authorâs silenceâWhat is acknowledgedââSevere threatsââMr. MannâTo Nova ScotiaâMr. Wakely âadmires pietyââNot âloyaltyââSecond chapel, N. Y.âAdolphustown subscribersâConrad VanDusenâEliz. RoblinâHuffâRuttanâThe second Methodist chapelâ The subscribersâCommenced May, 1795âCarpenterâs wagesâMembers Cataraqui CircuitâGoing to ConferenceâReturnsâDarias Dunhamâ PhysicianâFirst quarterly meetingâAnecdotesâBringing a âdish clothâââClean upââThe new made squireâAssesâUnclean spiritsâ Losee discontinues preachingâCauseâDisappointmentâReturn to New YorkâDunham usefulâSettlesâPreachers travellingâSaddle-bagsâ Methodism among loyalistsâCamp-meetingsâWhere first held in CanadaâWorshipping in the woodsâBreaking upâKilling the Devilâ First Canadian preacherâJourney from New York 285 CHAPTER XXXIa. Henry RyanâRyanitesâHe comes to CanadaâHis associate, CaseâAt KingstonâA singerâPreaching in the market-placeâTheir treatmentâ In officeâHis circuitâ1000 milesâWhat he receivedâElderâ SupersededâProbable causeâA British subjectâDuring the war of 1812âPresident of ConferenceââHigh-mindedââUsefulâAcceptable to the peopleâDesired independence by the CanadiansâHow he was treatedâHis laborsâBraveâWittyââFatherless childrenâââImpudent scoundrelââMuscularââMethodistsâ bullâââMagistrateâs goatââRyan seeks separationâBreckenridgeâConduct of the American ConferenceâRyanâs agitationâEffect upon the BishopsâFirst Canada ConferenceâAt HallowellâDesire for independenceâReasons, cogentâ Fruit of Ryanâs doingsâThe way the Conference treated Ryanâ WithdrawsâNo faith in the United States ConferenceâRyan sincereâ âCanadian WesleyansââThe motives of the United States Conference questionableâThe wrong done RyanâSecond Canada ConferenceâCase, first SuperintendentâVisit of Bishop AsburyâAccount by Henry BÅhmâAsbury an EnglishmanâDuring the rebellionâA BishopâHis journey to CanadaâCrossing the St. LawrenceâTraveling in Canadaâ An upsetââA decent peopleââHis opinion of the countryâThe Bishop illâAt KingstonâBÅhm at EmburyâsâA field meetingâRiding all nightâCrossing to Sackettâs harborâNearly wrecked 295 CHAPTER XXXII. McDonnellâFirst R. Catholic BishopâA âMemorandumââBirth-placeâin SpainâA priestâIn ScotlandâGlengary FenciblesâIreland, 1798âTo CanadaâBishopâDeath in ScotlandâBody removed to CanadaâFuneral obsequiesâBuried at KingstonâHad influenceâMember of Canadian Legislative CouncilâPastoral visitations, 1806âA loyal manâA pioneer in his churchâThe Bishopâs Address, 1836âRefuting Mal-chargesâNumber of the R. C. clergy in 1804âFrom Lake Superior to Lower CanadaâTraveling horsebackâSometimes on footâ HardshipsâNot a politicianâExpending private meansâFaithful servicesâAcknowledgedâRoman Catholic U. E. LoyalistsâFirst church in ErnesttownâMcDonnell at BellevilleâRev. M. Brennanâ First church in BellevilleâWhat we have aimed atâThe advantages to the English ChurchâThe ReservesâIn Lower CanadaâDr. Mountainâ Number of English clergymen, 1793âA BishopâMonopoly initiatedâ Intolerance and exclusion swept awayâAn early habit at Divine Service 303 CHAPTER XXXIII. First Sabbath teachingâHannah Bell, 1769âSchool established, 1781â RaikesâWesleyâFirst in United StatesâFirst in CanadaâCattrickâ MoonâCommon in 1824âFirst in BellevilleâTurnbullâCooperâ MarshallâPrizes, who won themâMr. Turnbullâs deathâIntemperanceâ First temperance societiesâChange of customâRumâIncreasing intemperanceâThe tastes of the pioneersâTemperance, not teetotalismâFirst society in CanadaâDrinks at raisings and beesâ Society at Hallowell 308 CHAPTER XXXIV. The Six NationsâFaithful English AlliesâSociety for Propagation of GospelâFirst missionary to IroquoisâJohn Thomas, first convertâ Visit of Chiefs to EnglandâTheir namesâTheir portraitsâAttention to themâAsking for instructorâQueen AnneâCommunion Serviceâ During the RebellionâBurying the plateâRecoveredâDivision of the articlesâSacrilege of the RebelsâRe-printing Prayer BookâMr. Stuart, missionaryâThe women and childrenâAt LachineâAttachment to Mr. StuartâTouching instanceâMr. Stuartâs Indian sisterâ Church at TyendinagaâSchool teacher to the MohawkâJohn Biningerâ First teacherâThe Bininger familyâThe Moravian SocietyâCount ZinzendorfâMoravian church at New YorkâFirst minister, Abraham BiningerâFriend of EmburyâAn old account bookâJohn Bininger journeying to CanadaâLiving at Bay QuintÃ©âRemoves to Mohawk villageâMissionary spiritâAbraham Biningerâs lettersâThe directionsâChildren pleasing parentsââGalloping thoughtsââ ChristianityâCanadian Moravian missionariesâMoravian loyalistsâ What was sent from New YorkââBest TreasureââThe âDear Flockââ David Zieshager at the ThamesâJ. Bininger acceptable to Mohawkâ Abraham Bininger desires to visit CanadaâDeath of Mrs. Biningerâ âTender motherââBininger and WesleyââGaritsonâââLoseeâââDunonââ Reconciled to MethodistsâPitying LoseeâLosee leaving Canadaâ Ceases to be teacherâAppointing a successorâWilliam BellâThe salaryâThe Mohawks donât attend schoolâAn improvementâThe cattle may not go in School-houseâThe school discontinued 312 CHAPTER XXXV. The first Church at Tyendinaga grows oldâA CouncilâAsk for assistanceâGov. BagotâLaying first stone of new ChurchâThe InscriptionâThe CeremonyâThe new ChurchâTheir SingingâThe surrounding SceneryâJohn Hallâs TombâPagan IndiansâRed Jacketâ His SpeechâReflection upon ChristiansâIndians had nothing to do with murdering the Saviour 319 CHAPTER XXXVI. Mississauga IndiansâFather Picquetâs opinionâRemnant of a large tribeâTheir landâSold to GovernmentâRev. Wm. CaseâJohn SundayâA drunkardâPeter JonesâBaptising IndiansâAt a camp-meetingâTheir departmentâExtract from PlayterâWilliam BeaverâConversionsâJacob PeterâSevere upon white ChristiansâTheir worshipâThe Father of Canadian missionsâScheme to teach IndiansâGrape IslandâLeasing IslandsâThe partiesââDated at BellevilleââConstructing a villageâThe lumberâHow obtainedâEncamping on Grape IslandâThe method of instructionâThe numberâAgricultureâTheir singingâ School houseâThe teacherâInstructions of womenâMiss Barnesâ Property of IndiansâCost of improvementsâA visit to Governmentâ Asking for landââBig IslandââOther favorsâPeter Jacobs at New YorkâExtracts from PlayterâNumber of Indian converts, 1829âRiver Credit IndiansâIndians removed to Alnwick 323 DIVISION VI. EARLY EDUCATION IN UPPER CANADA. CHAPTER XXXVII. Education among the LoyalistsâEffect of the warâNo opportunity for EducationâA few EducatedâAt BathâA common beliefâWhat was requisite for farmingâLearning at homeâThe school teachersâTheir qualificationsâRev. Mr. Stuart as a teacherâAcademy at Kingstonâ First Canadian D.D.âMr. Clark, Teacher, 1786âDonevanâGarrison SchoolsâCockerellâMyersâBlaneyâMichaelâAtkinsâKingston, 1795â LyonsâMrs. CranahanâIn AdolphustownâMordenâFaulkinerâThe school booksâEvening schoolsâMcDougallâOâReileyâMcCormickâFloggingâ SalisburyâJamesâPotterâWrightâWatkinsâGibsonâSmithâWhelanâ Articles of AgreementâRecollectionsâBoarding roundâAmerican teachersâSchool booksâThe letter Z 329 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Mr. Stuartâs schoolâSimcoeâState Church and CollegeâGrammar schoolsâHon. R. HamiltonâChalmersâStrachanâComes to Canadaâ Educational historyâArrival at KingstonâThe pupilsâFeesâRemoves to CornwallâPupils followâStrachan, a CanadianâMarriesâInterview with Bishop StrachanâHis disappointmentâA strangerâWhat he forsookâ300 pupilsâTheir successâStay at CornwallâAppointments at YorkâA lecturerâAt KingstonâMember of Legislative Councilâ PoliticianâClergy ReservesâFounds Kingâs CollegeâThe thirty-nine articlesâMonopoly swept awayâVoluntaryismâFounds Trinity CollegeâBishop Strachan in 1866âWhat he had accomplishedâThose he tutoredâSetting up a high standardââReckonerââSincerityâ Legislation, 1797âAddress to the KingâGrammar SchoolsâGrant, 1798âBoard of EducationâEndowment of Kingâs CollegeâIts constitutionâChangesâUpper Canada CollegeâEndowmentââA spirit of improvementââGourlayâThe second academyâAt ErnesttownâThe trusteesâBidwellâChargesâContradictedâRival schoolâBidwellâs sonâConspicuous characterâBidwellâs deathâSon removes to TorontoâAcademy building, a barrackâLiterary spirit of Bathâ Never revivedâYork 334 CHAPTER XXXIX. Extract from CooperâEducational institutionsâKingstonâQueenâs CollegeâOwnâs Real EstateâRegiopolis CollegeâRoman Catholicâ Grammar SchoolâAttendanceâSchool housesâLibraryâSeparate Schoolâ Private SchoolsâThe Quaker SchoolâWilliam PennâUpon the Hudsonâ Near BloomfieldâOrigin of schoolâGurnayâHis offerâManagement of schoolâThe teachingâMrs. Crombieâs schoolâPicton ladiesâ AcademyâMcMullen, proprietorâTeachersâGentlemenâs departmentâ PopularâThe art of printingâIn AmericaâBook publishingâFirst in AmericaâBooks among the loyalistsâFewâPassed aroundâFergusonâs booksâThe BibleâLibraries at Kingston and BathâLegislationâIn Lower CanadaâReading room at HallowellâReserves for educationâ Upper Canada in respect to educationâPraiseworthyâCommon School system bill introduced 1841âAmended, 1846âDr. Ryersonâs systemâ Unsurpassed 341 CHAPTER XL. First Newspapers, 1457âYear, 66âEnglish NewspapersâIn AmericaâIn CanadaââGazetteââFounderâPapers in 1753âQuebec âHeraldââMontreal âGazetteâââLe TempsââQuebec âMercuryââCanadian âCourantâââRoyal GazetteââFirst in NewfoundlandââU. C. GazetteââFirst paperâ SubscribersâUpper Canada âGuardianââWilcoxâMr. Thorpeâ OppositionâLibelâElected to ParliamentâYork JailâLeaderâIn 1812â DesertedâYork âGazetteââKingston âGazetteââOnly PaperâNews sixty years agoâIn Midland DistrictâRev. Mr. MilesâPioneer of JournalismâHis BirthplaceâLearns the printing businessâMowerâ Montreal âGazetteââKendallâPartnershipâTo Kingston in 1810âThe printing officeâKingston âGazetteââMr. Miles sells outâThe concern purchasedâMr. Miles asked to be EditorâTheir kindnessâ GratitudeâSecond VolumeâExtract from âGazetteââThe Priceâ Kingston âChronicleââUpper Canada âHeraldâââCanadian Watchmanââ Mr. Miles at PrescottâReturns to KingstonâEnters the Ministryâ Loyal SubjectâIn 1812âOn DutyâArchdeacon StuartâCol. Cartwrightâ Contributors to âGazetteââOur ThanksâA WatchâFaithfulnessââA Good ChanceââSubscribers at YorkâKingston âSpectatorâââPatriotââ âArgusâââCommercial AdvertizerâââBritish WhigâââChronicleâ and âNewsââFirst Daily in Upper CanadaâPaper BoxesâBrockville âRecorderââA Reform paperâMcLeodâGrenville âGazetteââPrescott âTelegraphâââChristian GuardianââReform Journals 350 CHAPTER XLI. First paper between Kingston and YorkâHallowell âFree PressââThe EditorââRecluseââFruitless effortsâProprietorâWooden pressâOf ironââFree Press,â independentâThe âTravellerââPress removed to CobourgââPrince Edward GazetteâââPicton GazetteâââPicton Sunââ âPicton TimesâââNew NationâââCobourg StarâââAnglo-Canadianâ at BellevilleâThe EditorâPriceâThe âPhÅnixââSlicerââCanadian WesleyanâââHastings TimesââThe âReformerââThe âIntelligencerââ George BenjaminâThe âVictoria ChronicleâââHastings Chronicleââ Extract from PlayterââColonial AdvocateâââUpper Canada Heraldââ âBarkerâs MagazineâââVictoria MagazineââJoseph WilsonâMrs. MoodieâSheriff MoodieâPioneer in Canadian literatureâExtract from MorganââLiterary GarlandâââRoughing it in the Bushââ âEclectic MagazineâââWilsonâs ExperimentâââWilsonâs Canada CasketââThe âBeeâ at NapaneeââEmporiumââThe âStandardââThe âReformerâââNorth AmericanâââLedgerâââWeekly ExpressâââChristian CasketâââTrenton AdvocateâââBritish EnsignââThe âCanadian Gemââ âMaple LeafââPapers in 1853âCanadian papers superior to AmericanâDeath at BostonâBerczyâCanadian idiomsâAccentâGood EnglishâSuperstitionâHome educationâFireside storiesâTraditions 358 DIVISION VII. THE TERRITORY OF UPPER CANADAâTHE BAY QUINTÃ. CHAPTER XLII. The IndiansâTheir originâPre-historic CanadaâIndian relicsâ Original inhabitantsâLes Iroquois du nordâOriginal namesâ Peninsula of Upper CanadaâChamplain exploringâAscends the OttawaâHis route to Lake NippissingâTo Lake HuronâFrench riverâ The countryâGeorgian BayâLake SimcoeâDown the TrentâA grand tripâBay QuintÃ© and Lake Ontario discoveredâWar demonstrationâ Wintering at the BayâA contrastâRoundabout wayâErroneous impressions 366 CHAPTER XLIII. NameâLetter, âDaily NewsâââOmegaâ LinesâThe writerâConjecturesâ Five BaysâIndian originâKentesâVillagesâ_Les Couis_âModes of spellingâCantyâThe occupants, 1783âMississaugasâOriginâWith the IroquoisâThe _Souter_âMississaugas, darkâAt KingstonâBay QuintÃ©â Land boughtâReservesâClaim upon the islandsâWappoose Islandâ Indian agentâIndians huntingâUp the SagonaskaâMaking sugarâ PeaceableâTo Kingston for presents 374 CHAPTER XLIV. AppearanceâMouth of BayâLengthâThe Peninsula of Prince Edwardâ Width of BayâLong ReachâCourse of BayâThe High ShoreâDivision of bayâEastern, central, westernâTaking a tripâThrough the ReachâA pictureâA quiet spotâLake on the mountainâA descriptionâMontreal GazetteâBeautiful viewâRhine, HudsonâContrastâClassic groundâA sketchâBirth place of celebrated CanadiansâHagermanâA leading spiritâSir J. A. McDonaldâReflectionsâA log houseâRelics of the pastâLesson of lifeâIn the lower bayâReminiscencesâThe frontâ Cradle of the provinceâShore of MarysburghâIn the Western Bayâ CuthbertsonâUp the bayâA battle groundâDevilâs HillâIn the depthsâProsperityâGeological suppositionâHead of bayâThe past 383 CHAPTER XLV. The âBig BayââMusketoe BayâMohawk BayâHay BayââEastern BayââSite of Ancient KentesâThe nameâOld FamiliesâAn Accident, 1819â Eighteen DrownedâExtract from PlayterâSearching for the Bodiesâ Burying the deadâPicton BayâAppearanceâThe âGrand BayââUpper GapâLower GapâKingston BayâA PictureâRecollectionsâA Contractâ Ship YardsâExtract from CooperâInland Lakes 395 CHAPTER XLVa. IslandsâPossessed by IndiansâThe âThousand IslandsââCarleton IslandâHistory of IslandâDuring the rebellionâWolfe IslandâThe nameâHowe IslandâOld nameâCounty of OntarioâGarden Islandâ Horseshoe IslandâSir Jeffry AmherstâThe sizeâIndian nameâ âTontineââJohnsonâs IslandâThe Island wonâPresent ownerâFirst settlerâThe three brothersâSmall IslandsâHare IslandâNut Islandâ Wappoose IslandâIndian rendezvousâCaptain Johnâs Islandâ BarteringâHunger IslandâBig IslandâFirst settlersâHuffâs Islandâ Paul HuffâGrape IslandâHog IslandâSmaller IslandsâMississauga IslandâA traditionâThe carrying placeâIts courseâOriginal surveyâHistoryâAmerican prisonersâCol. Wilkins 402 DIVISION VIII. THE FIRST TEN TOWNSHIPS IN THE MIDLAND DISTRICT. CHAPTER XLVI. The FrenchâTheir policyâTrading postsâCahiaqueâVariationsâName of riverâFoundation of Fort FrontenacâA changeâSite of old fortâLa Salleâs petitionâA SeignioryâGovernors visitingâWar Expeditionâ Fort destroyedâRebuiltâColonial warsâTaking of Fort Oswegoâ Frontenac takenâEnd of French domination 410 CHAPTER XLVII. Cooperâs EssayâLoyalists naming placesâKingâs TownâQueenâs Townâ NiagaraâSpanish namesâCataraqui from 1759 to 1783âDesolationâThe rebellionâStation, Carleton IslandâSettlingâRefugees at New YorkâMichael GrassâPrisoner at CataraquiâFrom New York to CanadaâCaptain Grass takes possession of first townshipâFirst landholdersâA letter by Captain GrassâChangesâSurveying forts and harborsâReport to Lord DorchesterâKingston, _versus_ Carleton IslandâThe defensesâTroopsâKingâs townshipâFirst settlersââPlan of township No. 1ââFirst owners of town lotsâ NamesâSettlers upon the frontâFirst inhabitants of KingstonâA naval and military stationâThe CommodoreâLiving of oldâKingston in _last century_âNew fortifications 419 CHAPTER XLVIII. The situation of KingstonâUnder military influenceâMonopolistâ Early history of legislationâIn 1810âGourlayâs statementâPoliceâ Modern KingstonâLord SydenhamâSeat of governmentâPerambulatingâ Surrounding countryâProvisionsâAn appeal for Kingston as capitalâBarriefieldâPittsburghâBuilding of small craftsâFamousâ RoadsâWaterlooâCemeteryâPortsmouthâKingston MillâLittle CataraquiâCollinsbyâQuantity of landâEarly and influential inhabitantsâPost mastersââHonorable menââDeacon, Macaulay, Cartwright, Markland, Cummings, Smiths, KerbyâAllen McLean, first lawyerâA gardenerâSheriff McLeanââChrysâ HagermanâCustomsâ Sampson, shooting a smugglerâHagerman, M.P.P.âRemoves to Toronto 430 CHAPTER XLIX. The second townâErnestâs townâKing GeorgeâHis childrenâSettlers of ErnesttownâDisbanded soldiersâJohnsonâs regimentâMajor Rogersâ corpsâThe âRollââNumberâBy whom enlistedâAn old bookâTownship surveyedâSettlingâTravelingâLiving in tentsâA changeâOfficersâ NamesâOccupants of lotsâMill CreekâThe descendantsâQuality of landâVillageâThe settlers in 1811âThe main roadâIncorporation of BathâTradingâFairfieldâThe libraryâBath by GourlayâBath of the presentâBath _versus_ NapaneeâIn 1812âAmerican FleetâWonderful achievementâSafe distance from shoreâThird townshipâ FredericksburghâAfter Duke of SussexâSurveyed by KotteâA promise to the disbanded soldiersâJohnsonâFredericksburgh additionalâA disputeâQuantity of landâExtract from Mrs. MoodieâReserve for villageâSecond surveys 439 CHAPTER L. The fourth townshipâAdolphustownâAfter Duke of CambridgeâQuantity of LandâSurveyâMajor VanAlstineâRefugeesâFrom New YorkâTimeâ VoyageâTheir FareâNamesâArrivedâHagermanâs PointâIn TentsâFirst SettlerâTown PlotâDeathâThe BurialâA RelicâCommissaryâDispute of SurveyorsâThe SettlersâAll things in commonâAn aged manâGolden ruleâOld mapâNamesâIslandsâThe townshipâPrice of landâFirst âtown meetingââMinutesâThe Officers RecordâInhabitants, 1794âUp to 1824âFirst MagistratesâCentre of CanadaâCourt Held in BarnâIn Methodist ChapelââA Den of ThievesââCourt House erectedâ Adolphustown CanadiansâMembers of ParliamentâThe CourtsâWhere first heldâHagermanâTravelers tarrying at Adolphustown 448 CHAPTER LI. MarysburghâOriginâOnce part of a SeignioryâSurveyâHessiansâOld mapâThe lotsâOfficers of the 84th Regt.âOriginal landownersâ Indian PointâMcDonnellâs CoveâGrog BayââAccommodating Bayââ âGammon PointââBlack RiverââLong PointââReservesâCourse pursued by the SurveyorâNumber of HessiansâTheir sufferingsâDark talesâ DiscontentedâReturning to HesseâA suitable locationâNot U. E. LoyalistsâReceived land gratisâFamily landâTheir habitsâCapt. McDonnellâSquire WrightâSergt. HarrisonâThe SmithâsâGrant to Major VanAlstineâBeautiful SceneryâSmithâs bayââThe RockââOver a precipice 458 CHAPTER LII. Sixth townshipâNameâSurveyâConvenient for settlementâFirst settlersâA remote townshipâWhat was paid for lotsââLate LoyalistsââGoing to MillâGeological formationâAlong the frontsâ High shoreâGrassy PointâIts historyâMarsh frontâCentral placeâ Stickneyâs HillâFosterâs HillâNorthportâTradeâJames Cotterâ GoresâDemerestvilleâThe nameââSodomââFirst recordsâTownship meetingsâThe Laws of the townshipâDivided into parishesâTown clerkâOfficersâThe poorâThe committeeâInhabitants, 1824âFish LakeâSeventh TownshipâThe nameâSurvey by KotteâAt the Carrying PlaceâSurveyorâs assistantâNo early recordsâFirst settlers 465 CHAPTER LIII. Prince EdwardâThe nameâRich landâSize of peninsulaâShapeâSmall LakesâSand hillsâThe DucksâGibsonâs rockâThe pastâFirst settlerâ Col. YoungâProspectingâDiscovery of East LakeâWest LakeâMoving inâSettlers in 1800âEast LakeâCapt. RichardsonââPrince Edward Division BillââOffice seekersâTownship of HallowellâThe nameâ Formation of TownshipâFirst records 1798âThe officersâThe lawsâ MagistratesâPictonâIts originâHallowell villageâDr. AustinâGen. PictonâHis monumentâNaming the villagesâA contestâThe Court houseâAn offerâEnterpriseâProposed steamboatâChurchesâRev. Mr. MacaulayâRev. Mr. FraserâRev. Mr. Lalor 476 CHAPTER LIV. Eighth TownshipâSidneyâNameâSurveyâSettlement, 1787âLetter from FergusonâTradingâBarterâPotatoesâBuildingâCowsâNo salt to spareâ First settlersâMyersâRe-surveyingâJames FarleyâTown Clerk at first meetingâWilliam KetchesonâGilbertâs CoveâComing to the frontâRiver TrentâOld namesâFerryâBridgeâTrentonâIts settlementâ Squire Bleeker 485 CHAPTER LV. Ninth townâThurlowâNameâWhen surveyedâFrontâIndian burying groundâ Owner of first lotsâChisholmâSingletonâMyersâFergusonâIndian tradersâTo Kingston in batteauâSingletonâs deathâFergusonâs deathâDistress of the familiesâSettled, 1789âAscending the MoiraâTaking possession of landâFifth concessionâJohn Taylorâ Founder of BellevilleâMyers buying landâSettlers upon the frontâ Municipal recordâTown officersâ1798âSucceeding yearsâCanifton, its founderâSettlingâThe dietâBuilding millâRoadâRiver Moiraâ Origin of nameâEarl MoiraâIndian nameâIndian offeringâ âCabojunkââMyersâ saw-millâPlace not attractiveâFirst bridgeâThe flouring-millâBellevilleâIndian villageâMyersâ CreekâFormation of villageâFirst InnâPermanent bridgeâBridge StreetâIn 1800â GrowthâA second millâMcNabbâsâSad deathâCaptain McIntoshâPetrieâ Inhabitants, 1809âDr. SparehamâNaming of BellevilleâBella Goreâ By Gore in councilâPetitionâExtract from Kingston Gazetteâ Surveying reserveâWilmotâMistakesâGranting of lotsâConditionsâ Board of PoliceâExtent of BellevilleâMuddy streetsâInhabitants in 1824âCourt-houseâFirst Court, Quarter SessionsâBelleville in 1836 489 CHAPTER LVI. Tenth townshipâRichmondâOriginâQuantity of landâShores of Mohawk BayâVillage on south shoreâOriginal land holdersâNamesâNapaneeâ The fallsâThe millâSalmon RiverâIndian nameâSource of Napanee RiverâIts courseâColebrookâSimcoe FallsâNameâClarkeâs Millsâ NewburghâAcademyâThe settlersââClarkvilleââNo records 503 DIVISION IX. THE EARLY GOVERNMENT OF UPPER CANADA. CHAPTER LVII. Military ruleâImperial Act, 1774âFrench CanadaâRefugeesâMilitary Government in Upper CanadaâNew DistrictsâLunenburghâ MecklenburghâNassauâHesseâThe JudgesâDuncanâCartwrightâHamiltonâ RobertsonâCourt in MecklenburghâCivil LawâJudge DuncanâJudge CartwrightâPunishment inflictedâFirst executionâNew Constitution of Quebecâ1791, Quebec Bill passedâInhabitants of Upper Canada 505 CHAPTER LVIII. SimcoeâHis arrival in CanadaâUp the St. LawrenceâAn old houseââOld Breechesâ RiverââSimcoeâs attendantsâThe old veteransââGood old causeâââContentââToastingâOld officersâExecutive Council of Upper CanadaâFirst entryâSimcoe inducted to officeâReligious ceremonyââThe proceedingsââThose presentâOath of officeâ Organization of Legislative CouncilâAssemblyâIssuing writs for electionsâMembers of CouncilâSimcoeâs difficultyâAt Kingstonâ Division of ProvinceâThe Governorâs officersâRochfoucault upon SimcoeâSimcoeâs surroundingsâHis wifeâOpening Parliament in 1795âThose presentâRetinueâDressâThe nineteen countiesâSimcoeâs designsâVisit of the Queenâs fatherâAt KingstonâNiagaraâA war dance 509 CHAPTER LIX. General HunterâPeter RussellâFrancis Gore, 1806âAlex. GrantâBrockâ 1812âUnited States declare warâPrompt actionâParliamentâ ProclamationâThe issueâSecond proclamationâGeneral HullâHis proclamationâBombast and impertinenceâThe IndiansâProclamation answeredâHull a prisonerâMichigan conqueredâTo NiagaraâAt Queenston heightsââPush on York VolunteersââDeath of Brockâ McDonnellâWar of 1812, the AmericansâExtract from MerrittâWhat Canadians didâBrockâs monumentâGeneral SheaffeâGeneral Drummondâ Invading the StatesâWhat Canada will doâLord SydenhamâA tribute by Dr. RyersonâUnion of the Provinces 517 CHAPTER LX. KingstonâFirst capitalâFirst act of governmentâNiagaraâSelecting the capitalâNiagara in 1788âCarrying placeâLanding placeâNewarkâ In 1795âMr. HamiltonâThe inhabitantsâLittle YorkâThe DonâThe HarborâSurveyâDe la TrencheâLondonâInhabitants of the DonâYonge street, a military roadâGovernor at YorkâCastle FrankâYork in 1798âThe BaldwinsâIn 1806âBuffaloâYork, 1813âTaken by the AmericansâThe CombatantsâTorontoââMuddy YorkââA monument required 526 CHAPTER LXI. ParliamentâSimcoeâs ProclamationâNineteen counties formedâNames and boundariesâFirst electionsâNames of membersâOfficers of the HouseâA Quaker memberâChaplainâMeeting of ParliamentâThe Throne, a camp stoolâAddressâTo both housesâClosing addressâActs passedâ Simcoeâs confidential lettersâA contrastâA blendingâ2nd Sessionâ The ActsâQuarter Sessionsâ3rd, 4th, 5th SessionsâNew division of Provinceâ1798âModes of punishmentâBurning the handâWhippingâ Salaries of officersâRevenue first yearâThe members of ParliamentâEducationâOffering for ParliamentâA âJuniusââEarly administration of justiceââHeaven-born lawyersââFirst magistrates 533 DIVISION X. THE EARLY MILITIA OF UPPER CANADA. CHAPTER LXII. Militia Act, 1792âSimcoeâNo faith in the AmericansâHis viewsâ Military RoadsâDivision of DistrictsâMilitary purposesâThe officersâLegislationâThe expensesâRepeated Legislationâ Aggressive spiritâThe EnrolmentâHastings BattalionââSomething brewingââList of OfficersâCol. FergusonâCol. BellâLeeds Militiaâ Officersâ clothingâThe Midland DistrictâPrince EdwardâTraining Places 544 CHAPTER LXIII. In 1812, around Bay QuintÃ©âThe declaration of warâThe news at KingstonâThe call to armsâHastingsâEvents at KingstonâIn 1813â Attack upon Sacketâs HarborâOswegoâAmerican fleet before KingstonâRoyal GeorgeâKingston preparedâChryslerâs farmâA âPostscriptââAlong the St. LawrenceâRibaldryâThe Commissaryâ Capt. WilkinsâQuakersâRate of payâAmerican prisonersâThe WoundedâSurgeons, Dougal, MeachamâJonathan PhillipsâMilitiamenâs rewardâMilitia ordersâParliamentary grants 551 CHAPTER LXIV. The Six Nations in 1812âAmerican animusââManifest DestinyââMohawk IndiansâA right to defend their homesâInconsistencyâAmerican savagesâExtract from PlayterâBrockâs proclamationâIndian character, conduct, eloquenceâDeserters in 1812âFew of themâ Court-martialsâThe attempts at conquest by the AmericansâThe numbersâResult of warâCanadians saved the countryâAnd can do soâ Fraternal kindness 564 DIVISION XI. ADVANCE OF CIVILIZATION. CHAPTER LXV. Canadaâs first step in civilizationâSlavery in AmericaâBy whom introducedâFalse chargeâSlavery in CanadaâHistoryâImperial Actsâ Legislation in CanadaâThe several clausesâIn Lower Canadaâ Justice OsgoodâSlavery at the RebellionâAmong the U. E. LoyalistsâThose who held slavesâDescendants of the slavesââA British slaveâââFor saleâââIndian slaveââUpper Canadaâs Recordâ Compared with the StatesâLibertyâWhy the United States abolished slaveryâHonor to whom honor is due 569 CHAPTER LXVI. Returns to the PioneerâBay RegionâGarden of CanadaâClogsâFalse views of settlersâResultâNew bloodâGood exampleâAnecdoteâThe âFamily CompactââPartialityâOrigin of the _Compact_âTheir conductâThe evil they didâA proposed Canadian AristocracyâWhat it would have led toâWhat may comeââPeter Funksâ 580 CHAPTER LXVII. AgricultureâNatural ProductsâRiceâGinsengâOrchardsâPlowsâReapingâ FlaxâLegislationâAgricultural Society organized by SimcoeâA Snuff BoxâFogiesâSilverâWant of helpâMidland District taking the leadâSocietiesâLegislative helpâPrince EdwardâPearl Ashesâ FactoriesâTanneriesâBreweries, Carding MachinesâPaperâLumberâ First vehiclesâSleighsâWaggonsâHome-madeâRoadsâFirst Public ConveyancesâStagesâFareâBuilding GreaterâSawing Mills introduced by the DutchâFirst Brick BuildingâMyersâ HouseâIts past historyâ Furniture from AlbanyâCurrencyâPaper MoneyâBanksâFirst MerchantsâBarterâPedlarsâOn the Bay 587 CHAPTER LXVIII. Steam vesselsâCrossing the Atlantic in 1791âFirst Steam Vesselâ HudsonâThe second on the St. LawrenceâFirst across the Atlanticâ In Upper Canadaâ_Frontenac_âBuilt in ErnesttownâThe Buildersâ Finkleâs PointâCost of VesselâDimensionsâLaunchedâFirst Tripâ Captain McKenzieââ_Walk-in-the-Water_ââ_Queen Charlotte_âHow BuiltâUpon Bay QuintÃ©âCapt. DennisâFirst yearâDeath of Dennisâ Henry GilderslieveâWhat he didâOther SteamboatsâCanalsâFirst in Upper CanadaâWelland CanalâDesjardinâRideauâIts objectâCol. ByâA proposed CanalâRailroadsâThe first in the worldâProposed Railway from Kingston to Toronto, 1846âIn Prince Edward Districtâ Increase of PopulationâExtract from Dr. LillieâComparison with the United StatesâFavorable to CanadaâFalse CriesâThe Frenchâ Midland District, 1818 599 DIVISION XII. THE UNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTSâTHE FATHERS OF UPPER CANADA. CHAPTER LXIX. DefinitionâA divisionâTheir principlesâOur positionâAncestryâ DutchâPuritansâHuguenotsâNew RochelleâEnglish writersâTalbotâ FalsehoodsâCanadian and English ancestryâHowisonâMalignerâ Gourlayâs replyâPalatinesâOld names 616 CHAPTER LXX. CharacterâHospitalityâAt homeâFiresideâVisitorsâBeesâRaisingsâ Easter EggsâDancingâHovington HouseâCasteâDrinksâHorse-racingâ BoxingâAmusementsâLa CrosseâDuelsâPatriotismâAnnexationâFreedomâ EgotismâThe LoyalistsâInstancesâLongevityâClimate of CanadaâA quotationâLong livedâThe childrenâThe present raceâA nationalityâComparisonââU. E. LoyalistââTheir PrivilegesâOrder of CouncilâDissatisfaction 624 CHAPTER LXXI. Notice of a FewâBoothâBrockâBurrittâCotterâCartwrightâCongerâColeâ DempseyâDetlorâFraserâFinkleâFisherâFairfieldâGrassâGambleâ HagermanâJohnsonâsââBillâ JohnsonâMacaulayâThe Captive, Christian MooreâParliamentâMordenâRoblinsâSimonâVan Alstineâ WallbridgeâChryslerâWhiteâWilkinsâStewartâWilsonâMetcalfâJayneâ McIntoshâBirdâGerowâVankleekâPerryâSir William Johnsonâs children 642 APPENDIX. Roll of the 2nd Battalion Kingâs Royal Regiment 667 The Governors of Canada 670 Indian Goods 671 ERRATA. Page 29, 12th line from top, instead of â1859,â read â1759.â Page 80, 4th line from bottom, instead of âare equally,â read âwere equally.â Page 102, 16th line from bottom, instead of âremoved to the town,â read âto the fifth town.â Page 104, instead of âHodgins,â read âHudgins.â Page 104, 16th line from top, instead of â1859,â read â1809.â Page 130, 4th line, 2nd paragraph, instead of âSouth,â read âNorth.â Page 138, heading of page should be âVoyaging.â Page 192, bottom line, instead of âdispersed,â read âdispossessed.â Page 257, 19th line, âgloomy,â read âglowing.â Page 288, 19th line, âglowing a picture,â should have âofâ following. Page 293, instead of âWesleyanism,â read âWesleyans.â Page 371, 14th line, instead of â1815,â read â1615.â Page 437, 10th line from bottom, instead of âLawer,â read âLawyer.â Page 585, 15th line, after âGovernor,â read _they were generally_. Page 596, 3rd line, after âoften,â read _inferior_. HISTORY OF THE SETTLEMENT OF UPPER CANADA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BAY OF QUINTÃ. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER I. A SKETCH OF FRANCO-CANADIAN HISTORY. CONTENTSâAntiquarianismâRecords of the Early NationsâTraditionâThe PressâThe Eastern WorldâThe Western WorldâImportance of Historyâ ColumbusâColonizationâCanadaâAmericaâCartierâFrench Canadian writersâCartierâs first visitâHuguenotsâCartierâs second visitâ Jean FrancoisâSir George E. CartierâEstablishment of the Fur TradeâChamplainâDiscovery of Lake OntarioâBay of QuintÃ©âQuebec foundedâFirst fighting with IndiansâFirst taking of Quebec by the BritishâReturned to FranceâThe Recollets and JesuitsâDeath of ChamplainâFoundation of MontrealâEmigration from FranceâThe Carignan RegimentâDeCourcelleâProposal to found a Fort at Lake OntarioâFrontenacâFort at CataraquiâLa SalleâFort at NiagaraâFirst vessel upon the LakesâIts fateâDeath of La Salle, the first settler of Upper CanadaâFounder of LouisianaâDiscoverer of the mouth of the Mississippi. There exists, as one characteristic of the nineteenth century, an earnest desire on the part of many to recall, and, in mind, to live over the days and years that are past; and many there are who occupy more or less of their time in collecting the scattered relics of bygone daysâin searching among the faded records of departed years, to eagerly catch the golden sands of facts which cling to legendary tales, and to interpret the hieroglyphics which the footsteps of time have well-nigh worn away. To this fact many a museum can bear ample testimony. The antiquarian enjoys intense satisfaction in his labors of research, and when he is rewarded by the discovery of something new, he is but stimulated to renewed exertion. In the old world rich fields have been, and are now being explored; and in the new laborers are not wanting. Since the days when man first trod the virgin soil of this globe, he has ever been accustomed to preserve the more important events of his life, and, by tradition, to hand them down to his childrenâs children; and likewise has it been with communities and nations. Every people who are known to have occupied a place upon the earth, have left some indication of their origin, and the part they played in the worldâs great drama. In recent days, facts pertaining to nations and particular individuals are preserved in all their amplitude, through the agency of the Press. But in former centuries, only a few symbols, perhaps rudely cut in solid stone, commemorated events of the most important kind. The historians of Eastern nations have had to look far back into the misty past, to learn the facts of their birth and infant days; while the dark days of barbarism hang as a thick veil to obstruct the view. The middle ages, like a destructive flood, swept away, to a great extent, the records previously in existence. But out of the _debris_ has been exhumed many a precious relic; and the stone and the marble thus obtained, have supplied valuable material on which to base trustworthy history. In recording the events which belong to the Western worldâthis broad American continentâthe historian has far less of toil and research to undergo. It is true the native Indian, who once proudly ruled the vast extent of the new world, has a history yet undeveloped. An impenetrable cloud obscures the facts appertaining to his advent upon this continent. The nature of his origin is buried in the ocean of pre-historic time. But in reference to the occupation of America by Europeans, the subjugation and gradual extermination of the Indian, the life of the pioneer, the struggles for political independence, the rapid growth and development of nations; all these results, embraced within the space of a few centuries, are freely accessible to the American historian. The importance of history cannot be questioned; the light it affords is always valuable, and, if studied aright, will supply the student with material by which he may qualify himself for any position in public life. In the following chapters it is intended to draw attention more particularly to the new world, and to examine a few pages in the history of North America. In the absence of any data upon which to base statements relating to the aborigines, we may say the history of the new world begins with the memorable and enterprising adventures of Christopher Columbus, in 1492; although there is evidence that America had been previously visited by the people of Northern Europe, about the year 1000. The steady flow of emigrants which commenced a century later, from the old world to the new, of bold, energetic people, is a spectacle of grand import. Almost every nation of Europe has contributed to the colonization of America. All, however, were not at first actuated by the same motives in braving the perils of the deepâthen far greater than at the present dayâ and the dangers of the wilderness. The Spaniards were searching for the precious gold. The English desired to acquire territory; the Dutch sought to extend their commerce; and the French, it is said, were, at first, intent only on converting the pagan Indians to Christianity.â (Garneau.) Space will not permit to trace the course of events in connection with the first settlements in America; the history of the several colonies, the bloody Indian wars, the contentions between the different colonizing people, the rebellions of the colonies and their achievement of independence. We shall mainly confine ourselves to those events which led to, and accompanied the settlement
{'title': 'History of the settlement of Upper Canada (Ontario,) by William Canniff', 'source': 'Project Gutenberg', 'lang': 'en'}