Produced by Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV 1905-1906 SAN FRANCISCO PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY 1906 INDEX TO VOLUME IV, THIRD SERIES, ZOOLOGY. New names in =heavy-faced type=; Synonyms in _italics_. _adamanteus atrox, Crotalus_, 18 Amphispiza belli, 66 _Anaides lugubris_, 5 Anniella: The species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella with Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in Anniella nigra, 41-9 nigra, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49 pulchra, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48 texana, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 anthonyi, Bascanion, 3, 4, 27 Arizona: On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 66-7 elegans, 66 _atrox, Crotalus_, 18, 24 attenuatus, Batrachoseps, 3, 6, 7, 16 auriculata, Uta, 3, 4, 26 _Autodax lugubris_, 4, 5 =lugubris farallonensis=, 2, 3, 4, 5 Bascanion, 25 anthonyi, 3, 4, 27 _laterale_, 26, 66 laterale fuliginosum, 3, 4, 26 Batrachoseps attenuatus, 3, 6, 7, 16 pacificus, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11 becki, Sceloporus, 2, 3, 4, 9 _beldingi, Verticaria_, 23 belli, Amphispiza, 66 biseriatus becki, Sceloporus, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 Callisaurus ventralis, 3, 25 catenifer, Pituophis, 3, 21 _catenifer deserticola, Pituophis_, 21 cerroense, Phrynosoma, 3, 4, 23 clarionensis, Uta, 3, 4, 27 clarki clarki, Sceloporus, 23 Cnemidophorus labialis, 3, 4, 24 multiscutatus, 3, 4, 24 rubidus, 3, 25, 26 _tessellatus rubidus_, 26 _tessellatus multiscutatus_, 24 tigris undulatus, 66 Coluber, 66 _confluentus confluentus, Crotalus_, 18 copeii, Crotaphytus, 25 _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_, 18 _atrox_, 18, 24 _confluentus confluentus_, 18 exsul, 3, 4, 24 _lucifer_, 16, 18 mitchellii, 3, 26 oregonus, 3, 16, 18 _Crotaphytus copeii_, 25 wislizenii, 25 _curla_, Hyla, 23 Dermochelys: On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, on the Coast of California, 51-6 Dipsosaurus dorsalis, 3, 24 dorsalis, Dipsosaurus, 3, 24 elegans, Arizona, 66 =exsul,= Crotalus, 3, 4, 24 Gerrhonotus, 18, 20 _multicarinatus_, 14 palmeri, 21 scincicauda, 3, 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21 scincicauda =ignavus= 2, 3, 19, 21 _scincicaudus_, 14 _Hemidactylium pacificum_, 6 _hernandezi, Phrynosoma_, 23 Hyla _curla_, 23 regilla, 3, 13, 23 hyperythra beldingi, Verticaria, 3, 23, 25 Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 18 On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus in Central California; and on the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 65-6 =ignavus,= Gerrhonotus scincicauda, 2, 3, 19, 21 intermedius, Plethodon, 61 labialis, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, 24 laterale, Bascanion, 26, 66 laterale fuliginosum, Bascanion, 3, 4, 26 _lateralis fuliginosus, Zamenis_, 26 _lucifer, Crotalus_, 16, 18 _lugubris, Anaides_, 5 _lugubris_, Autodax, 4, 5 =lugubris farallonensis=, Autodax, 2, 3, 4, =5= =martinensis=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =18= mitchellii, Crotalus, 3, =26= _multicarinatus, Gerrhonotus_, 14 multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, =24= _multiscutatus tessellatus, Cnemidophorus_, 24 nigra, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 48, =49= nigricauda, Uta, 3, =25= occidentalis, Sceloporus, 9, 10, 12 ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, =65-6= oregonensis, Plethodon, 61, 62 oregonus, Crotalus, 3, =16=, =18= pacificum, Hemidactylium, 6 pacificus, Batrachoseps, 3, 4, =6=, 7, =11= palmeri, Gerrhonotus, 21 Phrynosoma, cerroense, 3, 4, =23= _hernandezi_, 23 Pituophis, 66 catenifer, 3, =21= _catenifer deserticola_, 21 _Pityophis sayi bellona_, 21 Plethodon, 7 intermedius, 61 oregonensis, 61, 62 =vandykei=, =61= Description of a New Species of Plethodon, =61-3= pulchra, Anniella, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, =48= regilla, Hyla, 3, =13=, =23= Rhinechis, 66 riversiana, Xantusia, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 3, =25=, =26= rubidus, Cnemidophorus tessellatus, 26 sayi bellona, Pityophis, 21 Sceloporus =becki=, 2, 3, 4, =9= biseriatus becki, 3, 9, 10, =11=, =12=, =14= _clarki clarki_, 23 occidentalis, 9, 10, 12 undulatus, 9 zosteromus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= scincicauda, Gerrhonotus, 3, =10=, =12=, =14=, 19, 20, 21 scincicauda =ignavus=, Gerrhonotus, 2, 3, =19=, 21 scincicaudus, Gerrhonotus, 14 stansburiana, Uta, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= =stellata=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =21= tessellatus rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 26 tessellatus multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 24 texana, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 tigris undulatus, Cnemidophorus, 66 undulatus, Cnemidophorus tigris, 66 undulatus, Sceloporus, 9 Uta, 18, 27 auriculata, 3, 4, =26= clarionensis, 3, 4, =27= =martinensis=, 2, 3, 4, =18= nigricauda, 3, =25= stansburiana, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= =stellata=, 2, 3, 4, =21= =vandykei=, Plethodon Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon, =61-3= ventralis, Callisaurus, 3, =25= _Verticaria beldingi_, 23 hyperythra beldingi, 3, =23=, =25= wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 25 Xantusia riversiana, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= _Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_, 26 zosteromus, Sceloporus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. PLATES I-XI. PAGE Title-page i Contents iii No. 1. The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Islands of the Pacific Coast of North America from the Farallons to Cape San Lucas and the Revilla Gigedos. By John Van Denburgh. (Plates I-VIII) 1 (Published June 15, 1905) No. 2. The Species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella, with Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in Anniella nigra. By John Van Denburgh 41 (Published December 2, 1905) No. 3. On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, on the Coast of California. By John Van Denburgh. (Plates IX-XI) 51 (Published December 2, 1905) No. 4. Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon (Plethodon vandykei) from Mount Rainier, Washington. By John Van Denburgh 61 (Published March 14, 1906) No. 5. On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, in Central California; and On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona. By John Van Denburgh 65 (Published March 14, 1906) Index 69 December 30, 1914. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^D. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE I. PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S. F.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 1 _Issued June 15, 1905_ =THE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA FROM THE FARALLONS TO CAPE SAN LUCAS AND THE REVILLA GIGEDOS= BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_. CONTENTS. PLATES I-VIII. PAGE INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 2 TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION 3 FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS 4 SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND 4 SAN MIGUEL ISLAND 6 SANTA ROSA ISLAND 11 SANTA CRUZ ISLAND 13 ANA CAPA ISLAND 14 SAN NICOLAS ISLAND 15 SANTA BARBARA ISLAND 15 SANTA CATALINA ISLAND 16 SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND 17 LOS CORONADOS 17 SAN MARTIN ISLAND 18 SAN BENITO ISLAND 21 CERROS ISLAND 22 NATIVIDAD ISLAND 24 MAGDALENA ISLAND 24 SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND 25 SOCORRO ISLAND 26 CLARION ISLAND 27 June 13, 1905 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. The first contribution to the herpetology of the islands of the Pacific Coast of North America of which I have knowledge was, curiously enough, a description of the lizard of Socorro, an island perhaps the least accessible of them all. This description was published by Professor Cope in 1871. Six years later Dr. Streets recorded a few notes on the fauna of Cerros, San Martin, and Los Coronados. Since that time there have appeared at intervals contributions from Yarrow, Belding, Cope, Garman, Townsend, Stejneger, and Van Denburgh, resulting in the gradual accumulation of a considerable fund of knowledge. The papers in which this information is contained are so widely scattered through journals and the publications of various societies and museums as to be but little available. It has, therefore, been thought expedient to review the whole subject while reporting upon the material which in the last few years has been accumulating in the collection of the Academy. In this paper there are mentioned or described twenty-nine species and subspecies, representing the fauna of eighteen islands. Of these four are amphibians, nineteen are lizards, and six are snakes. The following forms are here described as new:-- _Autodax lugubris farallonensis_, South Farallon Island, _Uta martinensis_, San Martin Island, _Uta stellata_, San Benito Island, _Sceloporus becki_, San Miguel Island, _Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_, San Martin Island. The island distribution of the various species and subspecies is indicated in the following table: DISTRIBUTION OF ISLAND REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS. Table Key: A: Farallon B: San Miguel C: Santa Rosa D: Santa Cruz E: Ana Capa F: San Nicolas G: Santa Barbara H: Santa Catalina I: San Clemente J: Los Coronados K: San Martin L: San Benito M: Cerros N: Natividad O: Magdalena P: Santa Margarita Q: Socorro R: Clarion S: Mainland ===============================+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= Name |A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- Autodax lugubris farallonensis |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Batrachoseps attenuatus | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | | | |x Batrachoseps pacificus | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |? Hyla regilla | | | |x| | | | | | | | |x| | | | | |x Dipsosaurus dorsalis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x Callisaurus ventralis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x Crotaphytus wislizenii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x Uta stansburiana | | | |x|x| | |x|x| | | |x|x| | | | |x Uta martinensis | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | Uta stellata | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | Uta nigricauda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x Uta auriculata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | Uta clarionensis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| Sceloporus zosteromus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x|x| | |x Sceloporus becki | |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sceloporus biseriatus becki | | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Phrynosoma cerroense | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Gerrhonotus scincicauda | |x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus| | | | | | | | | |?|x| | | | | | | |x Xantusia riversiana | | | | | |x|x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | Verticaria hyperythra beldingi | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | |x Cnemidophorus rubidus | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x|x| | |x Cnemidophorus multiscutatus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Cnemidophorus labialis | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Bascanion anthonyi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| Bascanion laterale fuliginosum | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | Pituophis catenifer | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | |x Crotalus exsul | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Crotalus oregonus | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | | | | | | |x Crotalus mitchellii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- Little can be stated about the faunal relationships of the various islands beyond the fact that all except, probably, the Farallons are clearly Sonoran. Of the island reptiles, only fourteen are not known to live on the mainland. These are Autodax lugubris farallonensis, Batrachoseps pacificus, Uta martinensis, Uta stellata, Uta auriculata, Uta clarionensis, Sceloporus becki, Phrynosoma cerroense, Xantusia riversiana, Cnemidophorus multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus labialis, Bascanion anthonyi, Bascanion laterale fuliginosum, Crotalus exsul. Although the evidence is thus too meager to enable one to speak positively, it would seem that the probable faunal relationship is about as follows: TRANSITION ZONE. _Pacific Fauna:_ Farallon Islands. UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. _Californian Fauna:_ San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Ana Capa. _San Diegan Fauna:_ San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Clemente. Los Coronados, San Martin. Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. LOWER AUSTRAL ZONE. Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. Magdalena, Santa Margarita. Socorro, Clarion. SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND. No reptiles have been found on the Farallon Islands and it is probable that none occur there. The amphibians are represented on South Farallon Island by a salamander which has been regarded as identical with _Autodax lugubris_ Hallowell. Specimens from this island, however, are much more profusely spotted or blotched with yellow than is the mainland form of this species. In examining series of specimens one finds a few individuals from the mainland as heavily spotted as some of the Farallon specimens, but the average difference seems constant and the extremes are very dissimilar. I therefore propose that the Farallon Island form be called 1. =Autodax lugubris farallonensis= subsp. nov. PLATE II. _Anaides lugubris_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 158 [part]. _Autodax lugubris_ COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 185 [part]; KEELER, Zoe, v. 3, 1892, p. 154. _Diagnosis._--Similar to _Autodax lugubris_ Hallow, but yellow spots more numerous and often larger. _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3731, South Farallon Island, Charles Fuchs, February 8, 1899. _Description of Type._--Head elongate, depressed, with truncate, protruding snout; nostril small, a little above and behind the corner of snout, with groove running down to edge of lip, separated from its fellow and from orbit by length of eye-slit; lip margin long and undulating; maxillary and mandibular teeth large; palatine teeth small, in series running back from each inner nostril and forming a V-shaped figure; a large well-defined patch of parasphenoid teeth divided by a slight median groove and posterior notch; tongue large, long, ovate, with a small posterior notch, free except along the median line; neck short, somewhat constricted, a well-developed gular fold; body subfusiform, diminishing toward both extremities; 13 transverse costal grooves between limbs, extending from a short distance from vertebral line entirely across belly; tail conical with similar transverse grooves; limbs well-developed, posterior longer than anterior, toes overlapping when adpressed; digits 4-5, well-developed, nearly free, with slight terminal disc-like expansion; third finger longest, first short, second and fourth nearly equal; first toe short, second and fifth and third and fourth nearly equal; skin everywhere smooth, but dotted with the mouths of small glands. Color above smoky seal-brown, lightest on the snout and limbs, dotted, spotted and blotched with pale straw-yellow on top and sides of head, neck, body, limbs and tail; largest blotches, on sides of neck, 2 by 4 millimetres. Lower surfaces dirty yellowish white. Length to anus 72[1] 38 58 66 67 75 Length of tail 64 33 50 52 56 71 Snout to gular fold 20 11 17 18 19 20 Nostril to orbit 4 2Â½ 3 4 3Â½ 4 Fore limb 21 13 18 19 20 22 Hind limb 24 15 20 20 22 24 [Footnote 1: Type.] Sixteen specimens were collected by Mr. Fuchs on South Farallon Island, February 8, 1899, and four by Mr. L. M. Loomis, July 9, 1896. They were found under piles of loose stone. The spots on the type specimen are larger and somewhat more numerous than on any of the others. SAN MIGUEL ISLAND. I know of no records of reptiles or amphibians from San Miguel Island. Two species of lizards and a _Batrachoseps_ were secured on this island by Mr. R. H. Beck while collecting for the California Academy of Sciences. =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. PLATE III. _Hemidactylium pacificum_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, p. 195. _Batrachoseps pacificus_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1869, pp. 97, 98; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 153 [part?]; BOULENGER, Cat. Batrach. Grad. 1882, p. 59; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 129 [part?]. _Batrachoseps pacificus_ was described by Professor Cope, in 1865, from a specimen said to have been collected at Santa Barbara, California. Two specimens from San Francisco were afterward referred to this species. All of the specimens I have examined from both these localities are of the common form known as _B. attenuatus_. I was, therefore, inclined to doubt the existence of _B. pacificus_ as a distinct species until I examined eight specimens collected by Dr. Eisen on Santa Rosa Island in 1897. In March, 1903, Mr. R. H. Beck secured on San Miguel a large series of a _Batrachoseps_ which seems to differ in no respect from that found on Santa Rosa Island, but which is very distinct from the species of the mainland. These island salamanders agree in all important points with the original description of _B. pacificus_, but since the published descriptions of this species are not very complete, I sent a specimen from San Miguel Island to my friend Dr. Stejneger with a request that he compare it directly with the type. This he has very kindly done, and his conclusion is as follows: "I have carefully compared it with the type of _Batrachoseps pacificus_ and find them to agree completely. I have no doubt they represent the same species. As for the origin of our specimen I can only say that our record book shows the following entry: '6733. _Batrichoseps pacificus_ (Type) Santa Barbara Cal. Dr. Hayes. 1881 Oct. 28. 1.' This entry is evidently made many years after the numbering of the specimen which took place in 1866, probably at the time tin-tags were substituted for the old labels most of which were destroyed as in this case. The entry is in an unknown boyish hand and is probably made from the destroyed label. The double error, _i_ in _Batrachoseps_ and _e_ in Hays, shows that it was made by an ignoramus. I can find no other record of specimens received from the same source, but in the S. I. reports from 1864-67 I find noted that a Dr. W. W. Hays sent birds and fishes to the museum from 'Southern California'. The Santa Barbara locality is therefore not above suspicion. The other two specimens credited in Cope's Man. Batr. p. 130 to _B. pacificus_, viz. No. 4006 San Francisco, Cal. R. D. Cutts, have not been seen here since I took charge of the collection in 1889. In the record book there is entered in the remark column 'Destroyed (C)' (C) standing for Cope. The specific name _Batrachoseps pacificus_ is in Cope's handwriting, while the locality San Francisco and the name of the collector are in Prof. Baird's hand." In the light of all this it appears that the type of _Batrachoseps pacificus_ may perhaps have been secured on some fishing trip from Santa Barbara to Santa Rosa or San Miguel, and that the specimens from San Francisco most probably were misidentified by Cope. _Batrachoseps pacificus_ is a larger species than _Batrachoseps attenuatus_. Its general appearance, owing to the greater broadness of head and body, is very suggestive of the various species of _Plethodon_. This resemblance is carried further in one specimen by the presence of five digits on one hind foot. Structurally, however, the species is a true _Batrachoseps_; that is to say, the tongue is adherent anteriorly, the digits are normally 4-4, the premaxillary is single, and there is a large parietal fontanelle. _Diagnosis._--Costal grooves usually seventeen (rarely sixteen or eighteen); head much broader than body; color yellowish brown above, white or yellow below. _Description._--General form elongate, slender; body cylindric or somewhat flattened; tail conical, a little longer than head and body; head depressed, rather broad, nearly circular in outline from above; snout rounded or truncate from above, truncate and high in profile; eyes large and rather prominent, separated anteriorly by about the length of the orbital slit; nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by a little more than their distance from orbits; a very indistinct subnasal groove, not extending to margin of lip; upper jaw overhanging lower; line of lip nearly straight to below eye, then deflected downward; palatine teeth in 2 nearly straight very oblique series which nearly meet on the median line posteriorly and anteriorly do not extend to the internal nares; parasphenoid teeth separated by a narrow space posteriorly but confluent anteriorly, extending nearly to the palatine series; internal nares rather small, in front of the anterior ends of the series of palatine teeth; tongue large, oval, not emarginate, attached along the median line, free laterally and posteriorly; neck not distinct from body, with several vertical and 2 or 3 longitudinal grooves; gular fold well marked, continued forward on side of neck to eye; 1 or 2 indistinct grooves anterior to gular fold; costal grooves between limbs usually 17, occasionally 16 or 18,[2] continued nearly to midline on back and belly; limbs short, weak, each with 4 digits; digits with rounded knob-like ends, inner digit short, rudimental, others well-developed, second and fourth nearly equal, third longest, web small or absent; tail more slender than body, with well-marked lateral grooves; a more or less indistinct dorsal longitudinal groove, most distinct on neck and pelvic region; skin smooth with minute pits; adpressed limbs widely separated. [Footnote 2: In fifty specimens the costal grooves are 17 in forty, 16 in six, and 18 in four.] The color above in alcoholic specimens is yellowish brown (cinnamon to mummy brown) paler on the head and limbs and often becoming fawn-color on the tail. The upper lip and all the lower surfaces are white or dull yellow. Young specimens are much darker than adults, and the lower surfaces often are minutely dotted with brown. Length to anus 25 36 49 52 52 56 Length of tail 20 31 64 56 63 59 Width of head 3Â½ 5 7 6Â½ 7 8 Snout to orbit 2 2 3 3 3 3 Snout to gular fold 6 7Â½ 10 10 10 10Â½ Snout to fore limb 7 10 13 13 14 14 Between limbs 15 22 31 36 33 38 Fore limb 5 7 9 9 8Â½ 9 Hind limb 5Â½ 7Â½ 9Â½ 9Â½ 9Â½ 10 =2. Sceloporus becki= sp. nov. PLATE IV. The _Sceloporus_ of the mainland at Santa Barbara is the ordinary _S. occidentalis_; that is to say, it is the smaller form with a complete series of scales between the large supraoculars and the median head plates, with from thirty-five to forty-six dorsal scales between the interparietal plate and the back of the thighs, with keeled scales on the back of the thigh, and with two blue patches on the throat. Five specimens from San Miguel Island resemble this species closely in size, but are more nearly like _S. biseriatus_ in coloration, and differ from both in the possession of certain characters most unusual in a member of the _S. undulatus_ group. I take pleasure in naming this island form in honor of Mr. R. H. Beck, who collected the specimens. _Diagnosis._--Frontal and parietal plates separated from enlarged supraoculars by a series of small scales or granules; frontoparietal plate in contact with enlarged supraoculars; scales on back of thigh smaller than those in front of anus; 43-48 dorsals between interparietal and back of thighs; scales on back of thigh keeled; whole throat and chin blue crossed by diagonal black lines which unite posteriorly with a large black patch extending across throat from shoulder to shoulder. _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4537, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903. _Description._--Head and body little depressed; nostril opening much nearer to end of snout than to orbit; upper head shields smooth, moderately large and slightly convex, interparietal largest; frontal divided transversely; parietal and frontal plates separated from enlarged supraoculars by a series of small plates or granules; frontoparietal in contact with enlarged supraoculars; superciliaries long and strongly imbricate; middle subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral plate of moderate height but great width; labials long, low and nearly rectangular; symphyseal large and pentangular; some series of enlarged sublabials; gulars smooth, imbricate, often emarginate posteriorly; ear-opening large, slightly oblique, with anterior denticulation of smooth acuminate scales; scales on back equal-sized, keeled, mucronate with slight denticulation, and arranged in nearly parallel longitudinal rows; lateral scales smaller and directed obliquely upward; upper and anterior surfaces of limbs with strongly keeled and mucronate scales; posterior surface of thigh with small, acuminate, keeled scales; ventral scales much smaller than dorsals, smooth, imbricate, and usually bicuspid; tail furnished with slightly irregular whorls of strongly keeled and pointed scales which are much larger and rougher above than below, where they are smooth proximally; femoral pores 14-16; 9-12 dorsal scales equaling length of shielded part of head; number of scales in a row between interparietal plate and a line connecting posterior surfaces of thighs varying from 43-48; males with enlarged postanal plates. The color above is grayish, brownish, or greenish blue, with a series of dark brown blotches on each side of the back. A pale longitudinal band separates the dorsal from the lateral regions. The sides are brownish or grayish, mottled with darker brown and dotted or suffused with green or pale blue. The head is usually crossed by narrow brown lines, more or less irregular in distribution. A brown line connects the orbit and upper corner of the ear, and is continued backward on the neck. There is a large blue patch on each side of the belly, bordered internally with black in highly colored males. The chin and throat are blue, pale anteriorly and changing to black posteriorly, crossed by narrow oblique black lines which converge posteriorly and blend with the black patches on the throat and in front of the shoulders in males. There is a white patch at each side of the anus, and a yellowish white band along the series of femoral pores. Length to anus 64 66 70 70[3] Length of tail 76 68 78 79 Snout to ear 14 13 14 16 Width of head 14 12 14 15 Shielded part of head 14 13 14 15 Fore limb 27 26 27 30 Hind limb 41 39 41 46 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 16 15 16 18 [Footnote 3: Type.] This species is in general appearance similar to _S. occidentalis_, but differs in the contact of the frontoparietal and supraocular shields, the coloration of the throat, and the somewhat more feeble carination and mucronation of its dorsal and caudal scales. Specimens from Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands, as stated below, seem to show that this form has been developed from _S. biseriatus_ stock. Five specimens (Nos. 4534-4538) in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences were secured by Mr. R. H. Beck on San Miguel Island, March 26, 1903. =3. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. One specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4539) was taken by Mr. Beck on San Miguel Island, March 26, 1903. It has dorsals in 14Â½ Ã 49 rows, temporals smooth, scales on arm and forearm smooth, and dark ventral lines along the middles of the scale rows. It seems to differ from the Santa Rosa Island specimens only in the slightly more feeble carination of the scales generally, the small size of the azygous prefrontal and of the scales on the under surface of the forearm, and a tendency toward the formation of fourteen rows of ventral scales shown by the presence of a few small scales along the edge of each lateral fold in addition to the usual twelve longitudinal rows. There are sixty-six ventrals in a row between the chin and the anus. SANTA ROSA ISLAND. I have examined one species of _Batrachoseps_ and two kinds of lizards from this island. The _Gerrhonotus_ has already been reported from the island, the others are new to its known fauna. =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. Dr. Gustav Eisen secured eight specimens of _Batrachoseps_ on Santa Rosa Island in June, 1897. These are now in the collection of the Academy (Nos. 3877-3880 and 3891-3894) and seem to differ in no respect from the form found on San Miguel Island. All have seventeen costal grooves. The measurements of these specimens are Length to anus 21 22 24 32 33 35 41 42 Length of tail 14 16 21 23 23 .. 46 27 Width of head 3 3 3Â¾ 5 4Â½ 5 5 6 Snout to orbit 1Â½ 1Â¼ 1Â½ 2 2Â¼ 2 2Â¼ 2Â½ Snout to gular fold 5 5 6 7Â¼ 7 8 8Â½ 9Â½ Snout to fore limb 6 6 8 10 9 10 12 12 Between limbs 13 14 15 21 19 23 26 26 Fore limb 4Â½ 4 5 6Â¼ 6 6 7Â¼ 8 Hind limb 4Â½ 4 5 6Â½ 6 6Â¼ 7Â½ 8 =2. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. A series of eight _Scelopori_ collected on Santa Rosa Island by Dr. Gustav Eisen in June, 1897, seems to show that the differentiation from _S. biseriatus_ has not progressed so far on this island as on San Miguel.[4] Thus although all the adult specimens from Santa Rosa Island show the coloration of the San Miguel Island form, only two have the typical arrangement of the supraoculars, while the other six specimens have the frontoparietal separated from the enlarged supraoculars. The less highly colored young males show a single median blue throat patch, as in _S. biseriatus_, indicating that the island lizard is more closely related to that species than to _S. occidentalis_. [Footnote 4: Dr. Merriam tells me that a parallel is found in the island foxes, whose characters are constant on San Miguel but not on the other islands.] The fact that the characters of this form seem to be constant on San Miguel while varying toward _S. biseriatus_ on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands raises an interesting question in nomenclature: Should the San Miguel Island form be regarded as a species or as a subspecies? If these lizards inhabited a peninsula one would use a trinomial for them all, but since they are found on well separated islands the facts seem to be best expressed by the nomenclature adopted above. 3. =Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. PLATE VII, FIGS. 3-4. _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. I am unable to distinguish six specimens (Cal. Acad. Sci. Nos. 3881-3883 and 3896-3898) collected on Santa Rosa Island from the species now known as _G. scincicauda_; that is to say, the form with fourteen longitudinal rows of scales, single interoccipital plate, large azygous prefrontal, longitudinal lines along the middle of each row of ventral scales, and smooth temporals. This clearly is the form to which Baird and Girard applied the name _G. scincicauda_, but that it is the species originally described by Skilton seems far from certain.[5] [Footnote 5: Skilton's description, which seems to apply rather to the species afterward named by Baird and Girard _Gerrhonotus principis_, is as follows: "=Tropidolepis scincicauda=, n. s. Slender, tail much longer than body, cylindrical. Dermal plates of the body and tail, carinate above, smooth beneath, verticillate. The carinate plates in nine rows. Color, dusky green above, light ash color below. A row of small dark spots on each flank. Another row of smaller ones along the vertebral line. Some of the dark colored scales on the flanks tipped with a whitish color. Length five to five and a half inches." The plate accompanying Skilton's article is so poor as to throw no light on this question, and it seems best to make no change in the nomenclature until some one has examined Skilton's specimens, one of which, according to Yarrow's Catalogue, is No. 3089 of the National Museum collection.] The specimens from Santa Rosa Island all have dorsals in fourteen longitudinal series. The number of transverse series between the interoccipital plate and the backs of the thighs is fifty in one specimen, fifty-one in three, fifty-two in one, and fifty-three in one. One has the brachial scales very weakly keeled. They were collected by Dr. Gustav Eisen in June, 1897. SANTA CRUZ ISLAND. A _Hyla_ and two species of lizards have heretofore been recorded as inhabiting Santa Cruz Island. Another lizard is here reported for the first time. =1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_. _Hyla regilla_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 360. Yarrow and Cope record this species as having been collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875, but another portion of the same lot of specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8686) is stated to be from Santa Cruz, California. Mr. Henshaw tells me he never has collected in Santa Cruz County, and that these specimens unquestionably came from Santa Cruz Island where he collected in the summer of 1875. =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. _Uta stansburiana_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 56; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 310. The register of the United States National Museum states that two specimens of this lizard (No. 8619) were collected by Dr. O. Loew, on Santa Cruz Island in June, 1875. These lizards are still in the National collection and are of considerable interest since they, and two from Ana Capa Island, are the only ones I have seen which approach the San Benito Island _Uta_ (described below) in the character of their dorsal lepidosis. That these specimens actually were collected by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island is, I think, open to little doubt, since he, with Mr. H. W. Henshaw and Dr. J. T. Rothrock, visited this island in June, 1875.[6] [Footnote 6: See Report, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. 1876, pt. 3, pp. 435, 445, etc.] A series of eight specimens collected on Santa Cruz Island, February 7, 1889, by Mr. C. H. Townsend of the U. S. Fish Commission, (U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 15909-15917) are all of the ordinary _Uta stansburiana_ type with imbricate dorsals and mucronate caudals. Four others, taken by Mr. Joseph Grinnell at Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, are also of the usual type. These have femoral pores 13-14, 15-15, 12-13, and 15-15. =3. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. Mr. Joseph Grinnell has kindly sent me five specimens of the _Sceloporus_ of Santa Cruz Island, three of which he has given to the Academy. All five show the characteristic coloration of _S. becki_. Three have the supraoculars in contact with the frontoparietals on both sides of the head, one has these scales in contact on one side but separated on the other, and the fifth specimen has granules intervening on both sides. =4. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. _Gerrhonotus scincicaudus_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 48; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. _Gerrhonotus multicarinatus_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 525. Yarrow and Cope record two specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8626) collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875. One of these is still in the National Museum, where I examined it some years ago. ANA CAPA ISLAND. I believe no reptiles have been recorded from Ana Capa. Only the following species has come into my hands. =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me seven specimens collected on Ana Capa Island, September 4, 1903. Five of these are typical _U. stansburiana_, but the other two have dorsals similar to those of the two specimens collected by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island; that is to say, they approach in this respect the _Uta_ of San Benito Island. The dorsal scales, however, are well keeled and the caudals are of the normal type. The femoral pores in the Ana Capa specimens are 14-14, 14-15, 14-?, 14-15, 14-14, 14-15, and 14-15. SAN NICOLAS ISLAND. San Nicolas Island is the type locality of _Xantusia riversiana_. No other reptile has been found there. =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. PLATE V, FIG. 2. _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, p. 29; RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 552. In describing this species Cope failed to state where his specimens were collected. Rivers later assigned them to San Nicolas Island, but the matter has remained open to question. I am, therefore, very glad to be able to record the fact that Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me three specimens of this _Xantusia_ taken by himself on San Nicolas Island, May 22-23, 1897. One of these specimens is uniform drab, with a few dark spots. The others are of the handsome striped style of coloration (see plate). SANTA BARBARA ISLAND. I believe no reptiles or amphibians have been recorded from this island. I have seen only the following species: =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me four Xantusias from Santa Barbara Island. They are smaller than the specimens I have seen from the other islands, but seem to differ in no other respect. The largest is 64 mm. from snout to vent. All are dark drab above with small, discrete black spots. One shows traces of longitudinal dorsal bands near the tail. SANTA CATALINA ISLAND. One salamander, two lizards, and a rattlesnake have been taken on Santa Catalina. =1. Batrachoseps attenuatus= (_Eschscholtz_). A single specimen collected at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, by Mr. A. M. Drake (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3726) seems indistinguishable from the mainland species. It has nineteen costal grooves, slender limbs, and narrow head. The coloration is uniform slaty brown above, paler below. Three specimens secured on this island by Mr. Fuchs differ from this one only in the slightly paler coloration. =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. _Uta stansburiana_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 311. This lizard has been recorded from Santa Catalina by Professor Cope. Two specimens collected at Avalon by Mr. J. I. Carlson are in the collection of the Academy (Nos. 4754 and 4755). They seem to be fairly typical _U. stansburiana_ with moderately imbricate dorsals. The femoral pores are thirteen or fourteen. =3. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. _Xantusia riversiana_ RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132. I have seen no specimens of this lizard from Santa Catalina, but Mr. J. J. Rivers states that he has received several from this island. =4. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. _Crotalus lucifer_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 76; STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893 (1895), p. 447. Yarrow records a rattlesnake as having been taken by Mr. P. Schumacher on Santa Catalina Island in 1876. Stejneger also refers to its presence there. I have seen no snakes from any of the Californian islands. SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND. Two species of lizards are known from this island. =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. _Uta stansburiana_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 310, 311. Two specimens were taken on San Clemente Island by C. H. Townsend in 1889. Mr. A. W. Anthony and Dr. E. A. Mearns also found the species there and sent specimens to the National Museum. I have examined those collected by Mr. Townsend and Mr. Anthony and six specimens sent me by Mr. Joseph Grinnell, of which three are now in the collection of the Academy, and am unable to distinguish the island lizards from the form originally described by Baird and Girard. The femoral pores in three specimens are eleven, twelve, and fourteen. =2. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. PLATE V, FIG. 1. _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 12, 1889, p. 147; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 552, 553. This lizard was found on San Clemente by Mr. C. H. Townsend. I have examined several specimens in the collections of the University of California and the California Academy of Sciences without finding differences between them and specimens from San Nicolas and Santa Barbara Islands. LOS CORONADOS. I believe that only one reptile from Los Coronados is represented in collections, but I am informed that several other kinds, including _Gerrhonotus_ and _Hypsiglena_, occur on these islands[7]. [Footnote 7: Since this was written I have been informed by Dr. F. Baker, of San Diego, that he has taken the following reptiles on these islands:-- North Coronado: _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, _Eumeces skiltonianus_, July 3, 1898. South Coronado: _Uta stansburiana_, July 3, 1898, _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, _Cnemidophorus stejnegeri_, July 3, 1898, _Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus_, August 13, 1898, _Crotalus_ [_oregonus_], August 13, 1898. ] =1. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 75 [part]. _Crotalus atrox_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 156 [part]. _Crotalus lucifer_ STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893 (1895), pp. 445, 447. _Crotalus confluentus confluentus_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1173 [part]. Streets recorded as _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ a rattlesnake which he secured on Los Coronados. Dr. Stejneger has shown that this specimen, which is still in the National Museum, is a Pacific Rattlesnake. SAN MARTIN ISLAND. The only reptile heretofore known from San Martin is a gopher snake found by Dr. Streets. The Academy has also specimens of two species of lizards from the island, both of which are here described as new. The _Uta_ probably is confined to the island, while the _Gerrhonotus_ seems to be found throughout the San Diegan Fauna. =1. Uta martinensis= sp. nov. PLATE VI. _Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_ but larger; fifth toe reaching to or beyond end of second; dorsals imbricate, mucronate, strongly keeled; scales on upper surfaces of arm and thigh keeled; scales of ear-denticulation longer than the longest diameter of largest temporal; caudals large, imbricate, strongly keeled and mucronate. _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4698, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. _Description of the Type._--Body and head considerably depressed; snout low, rounded; nostrils large, opening upward and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal divided transversely; 3 or 4 enlarged supraoculars, separated from the frontals and frontoparietals by 1 series of small plates; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and supralabials long and low; 6 supralabials; symphyseal small, followed on each side by a series of 5 or more large plates which are separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of sublabials; gular region covered with smooth, hexagonal or rounded scales changing to granules on the sides of the neck and to larger imbricate scales on the strong gular fold, largest on the denticulate edge of gular fold where larger than scales on belly; a group of enlarged plates in front of ear-opening; ear denticulation very long, of 3 scales, largest exceeding in length longest diameter of largest plate in front of ear; back covered centrally with nearly uniform imbricate, keeled scales which change gradually to granules on neck and sides of body, and become mucronate posteriorly; scales largest on tail, strongly imbricate, strongly keeled and mucronate above and on sides; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered with small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; other surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, keeled on upper surfaces of arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and foot; adpressed fore limb not reaching insertion of thigh; fifth finger reaching about to end of second; fifth toe reaching to or beyond end of second; femoral pores 15; 17-23 of largest dorsals equaling shielded part of head. Head above grayish olive; central portion of neck and back dark brown, with 2 series of rather indefinite darker brown blotches each bordered behind and sometimes laterally by pale blue scales; some scattered pale blue dots on back and upper surfaces of limbs and tail; tail marbled with brown and blue; sides mottled with brown and pale bluish yellow, forming stripes on sides of neck; chin and gular region indigo, mottled with bluish yellow at sides; postaxillary blotch blackish indigo; lower surfaces of body, limbs and tail grayish indigo. Length to anus 62 Length of tail 92 Snout to ear 15 Shielded part of head 14 Width of head 13 Fore limb 26 Hind limb 46 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 18 Fifth toe 10 Only one specimen of this _Uta_ was secured. =2. Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus= subsp. nov. PLATE VII, FIGS. 1-2. _Diagnosis._--Similar to _G. scincicauda_ but with scales generally more strongly carinate; temporal scales keeled; dorsal and caudal scales strongly keeled; scales of arm and forearm keeled; lower lateral caudals keeled; dorsals in 14 (sometimes 12-2/2) longitudinal rows; dark lines along the middles of ventral rows; azygous prefrontal large; interoccipital single; back usually with complete dark cross-bands. _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. _Description._--Body long and rather slender, with short limbs and very long tail; head pointed with flat top and nearly vertical sides, its temporal regions often greatly swollen in old specimens; rostral plate rounded in upper outline; on top of head behind rostral a pair of small internasals, a pair of small frontonasals, a very large azygous prefrontal, a pair of large prefrontals, a long frontal, a pair of frontoparietals, 2 parietals separated by an interparietal, a pair of occipitals, and an interoccipital; 2 series (of 5 and 3) supraoculars and a series of small superciliaries; temporal scales keeled, lower sometimes only weakly; upper labials much larger than lower; 2 series of large sublabial plates below infralabials, lower larger; gular scales smooth and imbricate; scales on arm and forearm keeled; scales on upper surfaces and sides of neck, body and tail large, rhomboidal, slightly oblique, strongly keeled, strengthened with bony plates, and arranged in both transverse and longitudinal series; number of longitudinal dorsal series 12-2/2-14; number of transverse series between interoccipital plate and backs of thighs 42-43; a band of granules along each side from large ear-opening to anus, usually hidden by a strong fold; ventral plates about size of dorsals, smooth, imbricate and arranged in 12 longitudinal series; number of scales between symphyseal plate and anus 60-63. The ground color above is olive-brown, more grayish on the sides, crossed by from 9-11 dark bands. These dark bands may be brown or brownish black, continuous or broken, and are darker laterally, where their scales are tipped with white. Tail proximally marked like back, distally unicolor. Head and limbs unicolor or with traces of olive-brown mottlings. Lower surfaces suffused with gray, edges of scales lighter, darker gray or slate-colored lines along the middle of each longitudinal scale row. Length to anus 103 110 117[8] Length of tail 167 128[2] 125[9] Snout to ear 21 25 26 Width of head 14 19 20 Head to interoccipital 17 20 21 Fore limb 27 30 33 Hind limb 34 38 41 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 11 12 13 [Footnote 8: Type.] [Footnote 9: Reproduced.] The three specimens of _Gerrhonotus_ from San Martin Island are very similar to the species now known as _G. scincicauda_, but are much rougher than specimens from central and northern California. ReÃ«xamination of the Californian material at hand shows that the San Martin Island form is found throughout the San Diegan Fauna and the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada below the range of _G. palmeri_. It may be distinguished from its more northern relative by the following synopsis of characters:-- a.--Temporals smooth; scales on arm smooth; scales on forearm smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudals five scales behind anus smooth 6-9 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. =G. scincicauda.= a.^{2}--Temporals keeled; scales on arm keeled; scales on forearm keeled; lateral caudals 5 scales behind anus smooth only 4-5 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. =G. s. ignavus.= =3. Pituophis catenifer= (_Blainville_). _Pituophis sayi bellona_ STREETS, Bull. U. S.
{'title': 'Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology)', 'source': 'Project Gutenberg', 'lang': 'en'}