Produced by K.D. Thornton, Jason Isbell, Keith Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text. [Illustration: Eugenics Hath Its Own Reward] The Eugenic Marriage A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies By W. GRANT HAGUE, M.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University), New York; Member of County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association In Four Volumes VOLUME I New York THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY 1916 Copyright, 1913, by W. GRANT HAGUE Copyright, 1914, by W. GRANT HAGUE * * * * * [i] INDEX OF THE FOUR VOLUMES NOTE--The Roman numerals I, II, III and IV indicate the volume; the Arabic figures 1, 2, 3, etc., indicate the page number. Accidents and emergencies, IV, 629. Accouchement Beds, how to prepare, I, 65. Acne, IV, 576. Adenoids, IV, 519; how to tell when child has, IV, 520; treatment of, IV, 521. Adentitis, acute, IV, 558; causes of, IV, 558; symptoms of, IV, 558; treatment of, IV, 558. Advice to young wives, III, 357. After-birth, expulsion of, I, 101. After-pains, I, 103. Age at which to marry, III, 331. Albumen water, II, 245. Alcohol, in patent medicines, III, 455. Alcoholic drunkenness, I, 44; Dr. Branthwaite on, I, 45; Dr. Sullivan on, I, 44. Amenorrhea, causes, II, 192; absence of menstruation, II, 191; treatment of, II, 192. Anemia, severe, IV, 567; simple, IV, 565; treatment of various forms, IV, 567. Anesthetics, new, IV, 654; use of in confinements, I, 112. Angina, IV, 508. Anti-meningitis, serum, IV, 656. Aperient waters, abuse of in constipation, III, 326. Appendicitis, IV, 546; treatment of, IV, 546. Appetite, loss of, II, 287; poor, II, 286; treatment for loss of, II, 288. Arrest of hemorrhage, IV, 635. Artificial Food, II, 249; formulæ for, II, 253; mistakes in preparing, II, 267. Aseptic surgery, IV, 653. Baby, amusing the, II, 217; bathing the, II, 213; care of eyes, II, 215; care of genital organs, II, 216; care of mouth and teeth, II, 215; care of newly-born, II, 210; care of skin, II, 216; clothing of, II, 214; constipation in bottle-fed, II, 309; food for first year, II, 261; fresh air for, II, 232; how it gets nourishment in womb, II, 183; how long it should sleep, II, 236; how to weigh, II, 220; hygiene and development of, II, 209; intervals of feeding, II, 225; night-clothes of, II, 215; overfeeding the, II, 224; proper way to lay in bed, II, 235; what to prepare for the coming, II, 209; why it cries, II, 237. Baby's comforter, II, 241. Bacteria, what happens if we inhale, III, 410. Barley gruel, II, 244. Barley water, II, 244, 256. [ii] Bath, bran, IV, 591; cold, for reducing fever, IV, 590; cold sponge or shower, IV, 592; during pregnancy, I, 76; hot air or vapor, IV, 591; hot, IV, 591; mustard, IV, 590; tepid, IV, 592; various kinds of, IV, 590. Bathing, the baby, II, 213. Bed, proper way to lay baby in, II, 235. Bed-wetting, IV, 580. Beef juice, II, 262. Beef or meat pulp, II, 244. Bichloride of mercury solution, IV, 627. Binder, how to apply, I, 66. Birth, management of, I, 99. Birth-chamber, the, I, 61. Birth marks, I, 128. Bites, dog, IV, 638. Blackheads, IV, 576. Blood, children suffering from poor, IV, 566; poor, IV, 565. Boils, IV, 559. Boracic Acid, solution of, IV, 626. Bottle-feeding, method of, II, 256; what a mother should know about, II, 264. Bowels, daily movement necessary, II, 307; how to wash out, IV, 586; importance of clean, II, 306. Boy, building of, II, 139; chancre, the, II, 145; gonorrhea or "clap," II, 142; sex-hygiene for, II, 139; social evil, II, 141; sources of immorality, II, 141; syphilis or "pox," II, 144. Brain, complications of in syphilis, II, 146. Bran, as a food, II, 292; bath, IV, 591; muffins, recipe for, II, 311. Branthwaite, Dr., on alcoholic drunkenness, I, 45. Bread, II, 273. Breasts, care of when weaning, I, 125; colostrum in, I, 108; how long should baby stay at, II, 225; putting baby to after labor, I, 108. Bronchitis, IV, 511; chronic, IV, 515; diet for, IV, 513; drugs in, IV, 514; external applications for, IV, 514; inhalations for, IV, 513; in older children, IV, 512; symptoms of in infants, IV, 512; treatment of IV, 512. Broncho-Pneumonia, acute, IV, 516; symptoms of, IV, 516; how to tell when child has, IV, 517; treatment of child with, IV, 517. Bruise, or contusion, IV, 633. Burbank, Luther, on education, I, 24. Burning Clothing, how to extinguish, IV, 641. Burns, and scalds, IV, 641. Calomel, II, 297; how to take, II, 297. Cancer, in women, III, 442; what every woman should know about, III, 442. Carron oil, solution of, IV, 627. Castor oil, II, 295; how to give dose of, II, 296. Catarrh, acute nasal, IV, 500; symptoms of, IV, 500. Catarrh powders, III, 458. Cathartics, calomel, II, 295; castor oil, II, 295; citrate of magnesia, II, 298; how to give children, II, 295. Cereals, II, 273. Chancre, the, II, 145. Change of life, conduct during, III, 446; the menopause, III, 443; symptoms of, III, 444. Cheerful wife and mother, III, 400. Chicken broth, II, 244. [iii] Chicken-pox, IV, 606; symptoms of, IV, 607. Child, the delicate, II, 281; diet of sick, II, 279; most helpless living thing, II, 279; rate of growth of, II, 221; sick, should be in bed, II, 277; washing mouth and eyes after birth, I, 102. Child-Birth, I, 61; fear of, I, 111. Children, acute intestinal diseases of, IV, 529; constipation in, II, 303; hysterical, II, 293; rheumatism in, IV, 569; temperature in, II, 217; with whom milk does not agree, IV, 535. Cholera infantum, IV, 540. Chlorosis, IV, 566; symptoms of, IV, 566. Chronic Nasal catarrh, IV, 503; treatment of, IV, 504. Circumcision, should it be advised, II, 169. Citrate of magnesia, II, 295; how to take, II, 298. Clap, or gonorrhea, II, 142. Clothing, baby's, II, 214. Coddled egg, II, 245. Cold-pack, IV, 589. Colds, catching, IV, 497. Colic, IV, 544; symptoms of, IV, 545; treatment of, IV, 545. Colitis, chronic, IV, 538. Colon, irrigation of, IV, 587. Colostrum, uses of, I, 108. Condensed milk feeding, II, 227; objections to, II, 257. Confinement, choice of physician, I, 69; convalescing after, I, 131; domestic problem following first, I, 131; how to calculate date of, I, 66; how to prepare bed for, I, 65; lacerations during, I, 116; how long woman should stay in bed after, I, 114; position and arrangement of bed for, I, 64; preparations for, I, 61; selection of a nurse, I, 70; use of anesthetics in, I, 112; what to provide for, I, 62. Confinement chamber, presence of friends in, I, 113; presence of relatives in, I, 113. Constipation, II, 315; abuse of cathartics and aperient waters, II, 326; always harmful, II, 321; chief cause of, II, 315; cost of, II, 317; diseases of women and, II, 320; during pregnancy, I, 84; in bottle-fed infants, II, 309; in breast-fed infants, II, 308; in girls between 16 and 20, II, 321; in children over two years old, II, 309; in infants and children, II, 303; lack of bulk in food, II, 326; lack of exercise and, II, 325; lack of water, II, 325; negligence of, II, 324; pregnancy and, II, 321; significance of, II, 305; social exigencies and, II, 319; treatment of, II, 323; treatment of obstinate, II, 311. Consumption cure, III, 461. Consumptives, information for and those living with, III, 421. Contagious diseases, IV, 599; conduct and dress of nurse for, IV, 600; convalescence after, IV, 603; rules to be observed in treatment, IV, 599; what isolation means, IV, 600. Contusion, or bruise, IV, 633. Convulsions, IV, 577; treatment of child with, IV, 579. Cord, cutting, the, I, 102; dressing the, II, 210. Cough, treatment of, IV, 505; nervous or persistent, IV, 504. [iv] Cream, for constipation in infants, II, 309. Croup, false, IV, 506; treatment of false, IV, 507; spasmodic, IV, 507; treatment of spasmodic, IV, 507. Deaf and dumb, I, 37. Detention, symptoms of, II, 219; treatment of, II, 219. Desserts, II, 273. Diarrhoea, inflammatory, IV, 535; summer, IV, 539; symptoms of summer, IV, 540; treatment of inflammatory, IV, 537; treatment of summer, IV, 541. Diet, of nursing mother, I, 121; of the pregnant woman, I, 77; of sick child, II, 279; for constipated child, II, 310; older children, II, 271. Dinner, the first after labor, I, 109. Diphtheria, IV, 610; symptoms of, IV, 611; treatment of, IV, 613. Disease, how we catch, III, 409; tendency to, III, 416; vice and, I, 4; of womb, ovaries or fallopian tubes, II, 199. Disinfecting, Clothing and linen, IV, 601; mouth and nose, IV, 602; sick chamber, IV, 604. Dislocations, IV, 640. Dog-bites, IV, 638. Douche, how to give after labor, I, 108; the use of when pregnant, I, 76. Draw-sheet, the, I, 65. Dried bread, II, 245. Dusting and cleaning, II, 391. Dysentery, cause of, IV, 535; symptoms of, IV, 536. Dysmenorrhea, II, 193. Ear, foreign bodies in, IV, 631; inflammation of, IV, 556; method of removing foreign bodies, IV, 632; treatment of inflammation, IV, 556. Earache, IV, 555. Ears, do not box, IV, 554; do not pick, IV, 554; let them alone, IV, 554. Eczema, IV, 562; of the face, IV, 563; rubrum, IV, 563. Education, and the educator, I, 29; eugenics and, I, 4; Dr. C. W. Saleeby on, I, 22; Dr. Helen C. Putnam on, I, 27; Havelock Ellis on, I, 33; Herbert Spencer on, I, 35; Luther Burbank on, I, 24; Wm. D. Lewis on, I, 25; true province of, I, 35; what place sex hygiene will find in, II, 162; Ella Wheeler Wilcox on, I, 22. Educational systems, difficulty in devising, I, 27; inadequate, I, 22. Efficiency, requisites of, III, 346. Egg, coddled, II, 245; white of, II, 262. Ellis, Havelock, on Education, I, 33. Emergencies and accidents, IV, 629. Enema, High, IV, 588; hot, 586. Enteritis, cause of, IV, 535; symptoms of, IV, 536. Entero-colitis, IV, 535. Enuresis, IV, 580. Environment, I, 3. Eruptions of the skin, II, 145. Establishing toilet habits, II, 240. Eugenic clubs, mother's, I, 54. Eugenic idea, the, I, 9. Eugenic principle, I, 10. Eugenics, I, 12; definition of, I, 12; education and, I, 21; and history, I, 5; husband and, I, 19; marriage and, I, 11; motherhood and, I, 16; [v] parenthood and, I, 15; the unfit and, I, 37; what every mother should know about, I, 47. Exercise enough for husband, III, 347; lack of and constipation, III, 347. Eye, foreign bodies in, IV, 630; method of removing foreign bodies from, IV, 631. Fake medical treatment, for venereal diseases, II, 167. Father and the boy, II, 163. Fault-finding, III, 350. Feeble-minded, the, I, 37; Dr. John Punton on, I, 42; Dr. Max Schlapp on, I, 39; segregation and treatment of, I, 42. Feeding, artificial, II, 249; artificial from birth to twelfth month, II, 254; the delicate child condition which will justify artificial, II, 266; during second year formulæ for artificial, II, 253; how to prepare milk mixtures, II, 259; intervals of, II, 225; overfeeding, II, 223; regularity of, II, 227; what a mother should know about, II, 264; why regularity is important, II, 228. Felon, run-around, or whitlow, IV, 640; treatment of, IV, 641. Female, beginning of, disease, III, 434; chief cause of diseases, III, 436; diseases are avoidable, III, 439; generative organs, II, 178; weakness cures, III, 470; what woman with disease should do, III, 441. Fermentation, of the stomach, II, 304. Fertility, conditions which affect women, II, 196. Fever, cold packs for, IV, 589; cold sponging for reducing, IV, 589; ice cap for reducing, IV, 589; methods of reducing, IV, 589. Finger, biting the nails, IV, 585. Fit, the, only shall be born, I, 10. Fits, IV, 577. Fly, dangerous house, IV, 645; to kill, IV, 648. Fomentations, hot, IV, 593. Food, allowable during first year, II, 261; bran as a, II, 292; formulæ for baby, II, 243. Foodstuffs, IV, 647. Foreign bodies, in nose, IV, 632; in throat, IV, 633. Formative period, the, III, 339. Fraudulent testimonials, III, 467. Friends, choosing your, III, 367; your husband's, III, 363. Fruits, II, 273. Garbage, IV, 647. Gastric indigestion, acute, IV, 527; treatment of, IV, 527. Gastro duodenitis, IV, 547. Generative organs, female, II, 178. Genital organs, care of, II, 26. Girl, what a mother should tell her little, II, 173. Glands, swollen, IV, 558; treatment of swollen, IV, 558. Gleet, II, 143 Gonorrhea, symptoms of in a man, II, 142; wife infected with, II, 147. Good health, requirements of, II, 316. Government investigation of patent medicines, IV, 486. [vi] Habits, of delicate child, II, 285. Hair, falls out in syphilis, II, 146. Headache, IV, 585; during pregnancy, I, 83; remedies, III, 457; treatment of, IV, 585. Heartburn, during pregnancy, I, 84. Hemorrhage, arrest of, IV, 635; nasal, IV, 522. Heredity, I, 3; and eugenics, I, 16; function of education, I, 32. Hiccough, IV, 523. High School, system fallacious, I, 29. Hives, IV, 559; cause of, IV, 559; treatment of, IV, 559. Home, good housekeeper, III, 389; owning a, III, 400; the ideal, III, 393; what makes the, III, 394. Honeymoon, the, III, 335; marital relations during, III, 336. Hot pack, IV, 589. Housefly, dangerous, IV, 645. Housekeeper, what constitutes an efficient, III, 390. Husband, and home, III, 404; is he to blame, II, 151; the, and eugenics, I, 19. Hysterics, and children, II, 293; treatment of, II, 294. Ice-cap, for reducing fever, IV, 589. Ileo-colitis, chronic, IV, 538; treatment of, IV, 539. Imperial Granum, II, 245. Incontinence, IV, 580. Indigestion, acute gastric, IV, 527; acute intestinal, IV, 532; symptoms of acute intestinal, IV, 532; treatment of acute gastric, IV, 527; treatment of acute intestinal, IV, 533. Infants, constipation in bottle-fed, II, 309; jaundice in, IV, 547; mortality of, I, 2; records of, II, 222. Infection, direct, IV, 499. Infectious diseases, IV, 599. Inflammatory diarrhea, IV, 535. Influenza, IV, 608; symptoms of, IV, 608; treatment of, IV, 609. Injections, oil, II, 312. Insane, care of, I, 43. Insomnia, during pregnancy, I, 86. Interior organs, complications of in syphilis, II, 146. Intermittent fever, IV, 571. Intestinal diseases of children, IV, 529. Intestinal Indigestion, acute, IV, 532; symptoms of acute, IV, 532; treatment of, IV, 533. Intestinal worms, IV, 548. Jaundice, catarrhal, IV, 547; in infants, IV, 546; in older children, IV, 547. Junket, II, 244. Kelly pad, the, I, 65. Knowledge, two ways of gaining, III, 377. Labor, after-pains, I, 103; beginning of, I, 95; clothing during, I, 95; conduct during second stage of, I, 96; conduct immediately following, I, 103; douching after, I, 107; first breakfast after, I, 105; first dinner after, I, 109; first lunch after, I, 109; first stage of, I, 96; importance of emptying bladder after, I, 106; the Lochia, or discharge after, I, 104; management of, I, 93; putting baby to breast after, I, 108; second stage of, I, 96. Lacerations during confinement, I, 116. [vii] La Grippe, IV, 608; treatment of, IV, 609. Laryngitis, acute catarrhal, IV, 506; treatment of, IV, 507. Leucorrhea, cause of sterility, II, 201; in girls, II, 190. Lewis, Wm. D., on education, I, 25. Life and insurance, III, 400. Lithia water, III, 458. Lochia, or discharge after labor, I, 104. Lunch, the first after labor, I, 109. Malaria, intermittent fever, IV, 571; serum for, IV, 656; treatment of, IV, 571. Malformation, II, 201. Man, building a, II, 151. Marital relations, when they are painful, III, 337; when they should be suspended, III, 337. Marriage, and motherhood, I, 2; best age for, III, 331; certificate and vice, I, 15; certificate, utility of, I, 13; evils of early, III, 333; failures in, I, 2. Mastitis, in infancy, IV, 553; in young girls, IV, 554. Masturbation, or self-abuse, II, 157. Meats, medical essentials of good, III, 393; preparation and selection of, III, 390. Measles, IV, 616; complications in, IV, 618; Koplik's spots in, IV, 617; rules of department of health, IV, 619; symptoms of, IV, 616; treatment of, IV, 618. Medical, letter brokers, III, 482; reliable advice, III, 486. Medicine chest, contents of family, IV, 629. Medicine concern run by women, III, 475. Menstruation, II, 187; irregular, II, 187; painful, II, 193; should not be accompanied with pain, II, 189; symptoms of, II, 189; treatment for painful, II, 194; why it occurs every 28 days, II, 180. Milk, children with whom it does not agree, IV, 535; difference between human and cows, II, 252; mixture, how to prepare, II, 259; peptonized, II, 262. Mind, training the, III, 360. Miscarriage, II, 202; after treatment of, II, 205; causes of, II, 203; course and symptoms of, II, 204; what to do when threatened with, II, 204; tendency to, II, 206; womb displacement in, II, 198. Mosquitoes, regarding, IV, 572; rules of Department of Health, IV, 574. Mother, the cheerful, III, 400; education of the, II, 277; existence of the average, III, 437; what she should know about eugenics, I, 47; what she should tell her little girl, II, 173; what she should tell her daughter, II, 173. Motherhood, eugenics and, I, 16; function of, I, 17; preparing for, II, 187. Mothers, eugenic clubs, I, 54; girls must not become, II, 184. Moths, IV, 648. Mouth, how to disinfect, IV, 601; sore, IV, 523; treatment for ulcers in, IV, 525; treatment of sore, IV, 524. Mucous patches, and ulcers, II, 145. Mumps, IV, 605; symptoms of, IV, 605. Mustard bath, IV, 590. Mustard paste, how to make, IV, 593. [viii] Mustard pack, how to prepare and use, IV, 594. Mutton Broth, II, 244. Napkins, sanitary, I, 66. Nasal discharge, chronic, IV, 502. Nausea, during pregnancy, I, 80. Nettle-rash, IV, 559; cause of, IV, 559; treatment of, IV, 559. Night losses, or "wet dreams," II, 158. Nightmare or night terrors, IV, 583; treatment of, IV, 581. Nipples, care of, I, 121; cracked, I, 122; tender, I, 122; treatment of cracked, I, 122; what mother should know about bottle and, II, 264. Normal salt, solution of, IV, 627. Nose, chronic discharge of, IV, 503; complications of in syphilis, II, 146; foreign bodies in, IV, 632. Nose-bleeds, IV, 522. Nosophobia, or the dread of disease, III, 380. Nursery maid, qualifications of, I, 129. Nursing mothers, I, 121; diet of, I, 121; mastitis in, I, 122; nervous, I, 126. Oatmeal water, for constipation in infants, II, 309. Oat-water, II, 244. Obstetrical outfits, ready to purchase, I, 63. Oil injections, II, 312. Oiled silk, IV, 594; what it is and why it is used, IV, 594. Orange juice, II, 262; for constipation in infants, II, 309. Organs, transplanting from dead to living, IV, 655. Otitis, acute, IV, 556. Ovaries, disease of, II, 199; function of, II, 179. Overeating, II, 289; III, 327; symptoms of, II, 290. Overfeeding the baby, II, 223. Parents, and the Boy, II, 153; a word to, II, 161; eugenics and, I, 15. Parotitis, epidemic, IV, 605. Patent Medicines, and education, III, 493; and eugenics, III, 494; and the newspaper, III, 484; conspiracy against freedom of press, III, 483; dangers of, III, 489; fraudulent testimonials, III, 467; intoxicating effects of, III, 453; government investigation of, III, 486; pure food and drug act, III, 452, 490. Patent Medicine Evil, III, 451, 489; and the duty of mothers III, 489; what mothers should know about the, III, 451. People, two kinds of, III, 363. Peptonized milk, II, 262. Physicians, what they are doing, IV, 649. Pimples, IV, 576. Pneumonia, IV, 516. Poultices, IV, 593. Pox, or syphilis, II, 144. Precautions to be observed, IV, 647. Pregnancy, avoidance of drugs during, I, 90; clothing during, I, 77; constipation during, I, 84; headache during, I, 83; heartburn during, I, 84; hygiene of, I, 75; insomnia during, I, 86; minor ailments of, I, 76; morning nausea, I, 80; sexual intercourse during, I, 76; social side of, I, 79; undue nervousness during, I, 82; vagaries of, I, 90; vaginal discharge, I, 88; varicose veins, cramps and neuralgia during, I, 85. [ix] Pregnant, few ailing women become, III, 435; conduct of woman, I, 75; diet of woman, I, 77; mental state of woman, I, 78; when woman should first call upon physician, I, 68. Prickly Heat, IV, 560; treatment of, IV, 560. Principle, differences of, III, 344. Privy Vaults, IV, 647. Procreative Function, abuse of, II, 153; III, 440. Procreative Power, period of, II, 155. Puberty, age of, II, 179; period of in the female, II, 178. Pulse, rate in children and adults, II, 221. Punton, Dr. John, on feeble-minded, I, 42. Pure Food and Drug Act, III, 452, 490. Putnam, Dr. Helen C., on education, I, 27. Quacks, how they dispose of confidential letters, III, 481. Quarrel, the first, III, 349. Quinsy, IV, 523. Race Culture, I, II. Radium, IV, 652. Rashes, of childhood, IV, 574; other, IV, 575; treatment of, IV, 576. Records, Infant, II, 222. Rectal Irrigations, to reduce fever, IV, 590. Reproductive Organs, changes in, II, 178; function of the, II, 179. Resolves, making, III, 371. Rest and recreation, III, 398. Rest and sleep, III, 347. Rheumatism, in children, IV, 569; treatment of acute attack, IV, 570; treatment of tendency to, IV, 570. Rhinitis, chronic, IV, 503. Rice water, II, 244. Ringworm, of the scalp, IV, 561. Rubbers, practice of wearing needs consideration, IV, 498. Run-around, or felon, IV, 640; treatment of, IV, 641. Rupture, IV, 551. Saleeby, Dr. C.W., on education, I, 22. Sanitary napkins, how to prepare, I, 66. Santonin, for worms, IV, 549. Scalds and burns, IV, 641. Scalp, ringworm of, IV, 561; wounds of, IV, 640. Scarlet Fever, IV, 620; complications in, IV, 621; eruptions, IV, 621; measures to prevent spread of, IV, 621; treatment of, IV, 622. Scarlatina, IV, 620. Scientific Dressing, III, 427. Schlapp, Dr. Max, on the feeble-minded, I, 39. Self-abuse or Masturbation, II, 155. Self-culture, young wife's incentive to, III, 379. Serum, Anti-meningitis, IV, 656; for malaria, IV, 656. Sexual excesses, II, 159; treatment of, II, 160. Sexual intercourse, during pregnancy, I, 76. Shock, the condition of, IV, 637. Sitz bath, during pregnancy, I, 87. "606," IV, 655. Skin, care of, II, 216; care of in contagious diseases, IV, 602; eruptions of, II, 145. Sleeplessness, causes of, IV, 583; treatment of, IV, 583. Social Evil, what parents should know about, II, 161. Solutions, normal salt, IV, 627; various, IV, 626. Soothing syrup, III, 458. Sore Mouth, IV, 523; treatment of, IV, 524. [x] Sore throat, IV, 508. Sowing wild oats, II, 167. Spasms, IV, 577. Spencer, Herbert, on education, I, 35. Spermatozoa, functions of the, II, 181; the male, or papa egg, II, 181. Sprains, IV, 639. Sprue, IV, 525; treatment of, IV, 525. Stables, IV, 646. Sterility, II, 195; causes of, in women, II, 198. Sterilizing, food for day's feeding, II, 260. Stomach, diseases of, IV, 527; fermentation of, II, 304; function of the, II, 304. Stomach bitters, alcohol in, III, 455. Stomatitis, IV, 523. Story, Dr. Thomas A., on education, I, 26. Study habit, the, III, 374. Sullivan, Dr., on alcoholic drunkenness, I, 44. Success, attainment of, III, 345; formula of, III, 373. Summer Diarrhea, IV, 539; symptoms of, IV, 540; treatment of, IV, 541. Summer diseases of intestines, IV, 529. Surgery, aseptic, IV, 653. Syphilis, or the "pox," II, 144. Tape worms, IV, 551. Teeth, care of the, II, 219; how they come, II, 218. Temperature, in children, II, 217. Thiersch's solution, IV, 627. Thought, bad habits of, III, 360; what is a, III, 359. Thread worm, IV, 549. Throat, foreign bodies in, IV, 633; sore, IV, 508. Thrush, IV, 525; treatment of, IV, 525. Thumb-sucking, IV, 585. Tonsilitis: Angina, "sore throat," IV, 508; treatment of acute, IV, 510. Transplanting organs of dead to living, IV, 655. Tuberculosis, best treatment for, III, 418; facts about, III, 414. Turpentine stupe, the, IV, 594. Typhoid, how to keep from spreading, IV, 625; how to prevent getting, IV, 624; symptoms of, IV, 623; vaccine in, IV, 654. Ulcers, in mouth, IV, 525; mucous patches and, II, 144. Vacant lots, IV, 647. Vaccination, method of, II, 299; symptoms of successful, II, 299; time for, II, 299; treatment, II, 300. Vaccine in typhoid fever, IV, 654. Vapor bath, IV, 591. Varicella, IV, 606. Varicose veins, during pregnancy, I, 85. Vegetables, II, 272. Venereal Diseases, fake medical treatment for, II, 167; ten million victims of, I, 11. Vomiting, of children between feedings, II, 226; significance of after feeding, II, 230. Washing dishes, III, 391. Water, drink plenty of, III, 429. Weaning, I, 123; care of breasts when, I, 125; menstruation and, I, 124; methods of, I, 123; rapid, when it is necessary, I, 124; when to start, I, 124. Wedding night, its medical aspect, III, 334. What to eat and wear in hot weather, III, 426. When delays are dangerous, III, 423. Whey, II, 244. Whitlow, or felon, IV, 640. [xi] Whooping Cough, IV, 613; symptoms of, IV, 614; treatment of, IV, 615. Wife, her part, III, 353; the cheerful, III, 400; the indifferent, III, 401; what she owes to herself, III, 357. Wifehood, first weeks and months of, III, 336. Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, on education, I, 23. Womb, function of, II, 180; how baby gets nourishment in, II, 183; how held in place, II, 189. Women, ailing, are inefficient, III, 434; diseases of, III, 433; who don't want children, III, 439; medicine concern run by, III, 475; most popular, III, 365; use of patent medicines in diseases, III, 473. Work, must be interesting, III, 351. Working for something, III, 395. Worms, intestinal, IV, 548; round, IV, 548; symptoms of tape, IV, 551; symptoms of thread, IV, 549; tape, IV, 551; thread, IV, 549; treatment of round, IV, 549. Worry, freedom from, III, 348. Wound, cleaning a, IV, 637; closing and dressing a, IV, 637; removal of foreign bodies from, IV, 636. Wounds, IV, 634; of the scalp, IV, 640. X-Ray, treatment and diagnosis, IV, 652. * * * * * VOLUME I * * * * * [xv] TABLE OF CONTENTS EUGENICS. RACE CULTURE CHAPTER I CONDITIONS WHICH HAVE EVOLVED THE SCIENCE OF EUGENICS Infant mortality--Marriage and motherhood--Heredity--Environment--Education--Disease and vice--History--Summary ... PAGE 1 CHAPTER II THE EUGENIC IDEA The value of human life--The eugenic principle--"The fit only shall live"--Eugenics and marriage--The venereal diseases--The utility of marriage certificates--The marriage certificates and vice--Eugenics and parenthood--The principle of heredity--Eugenics and motherhood--Eugenics and the husband ... PAGE 9 CHAPTER III EUGENICS AND EDUCATION The present educational system is inadequate--Opinions of Dr. C.W. Saleeby, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Luther Burbank, William D. Lewis, Elizabeth Atwood, Dr. Thomas A. Story, William C. White, Dr. Helen C. Putnam--Difficulty in devising a satisfactory educational system--Education an important function--The function of the high school--The high school system fallacious--The true function of education ... PAGE 21 CHAPTER IV EUGENICS AND THE UNFIT The deaf and dumb--The feeble-minded--A New York magistrate's report--Report of the Children's Society--The segregation and treatment of the feeble-minded--What the care of the insane costs--The alcoholic--Drunkenness ... PAGE 37 CHAPTER V WHAT EVERY MOTHER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT EUGENICS PAGE 47 [xvi] CHILD-BIRTH CHAPTER VI PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONFINEMENT The birth chamber--What to provide for a confinement--Ready to purchase obstetrical outfits--Position and arrangement of the bed--How to properly prepare the accouchement bed--The Kelly pad--The advantages of the Kelly pad--Should a binder be used--Sanitary napkins--How to calculate the probable date of the confinement--Obstetrical table--When should a pregnant woman first call upon her physician--Regarding the choice of a physician--How to know the right kind of a physician for a confinement--The selection of a nurse--The difference between a trained and a maternity nurse--Duties of a confinement nurse--The requisites of a good confinement nurse--The personal rights of a confinement nurse--Criticizing and gossiping about physicians ... PAGE 61 CHAPTER VII THE HYGIENE OF PREGNANCY Daily conduct of the pregnant woman--Instructions regarding household work--Instructions regarding washing and sweeping--Instructions regarding exercise--Instructions regarding passive exercise--Instructions regarding toilet privileges--Instructions regarding bathing--Instructions regarding sexual intercourse--Clothing during pregnancy--Diet of pregnant women--Alcoholic drinks during pregnancy--The mental state of the pregnant woman--The social side of pregnancy--Minor ailments of pregnancy--Morning nausea, or sickness--Treatment of morning nausea, or sickness--Nausea occurring at the end of pregnancy--Undue nervousness during pregnancy--The 100% baby--Headache--Acidity of the stomach, or heartburn--Constipation--Varicose veins, cramps, neuralgias--Insomnia--Treatment of insomnia--Ptyalism, or excessive flow of saliva--Vaginal discharge, or leucorrhea--Importance of testing urine during pregnancy--Attention to nipples and breasts--The vagaries of pregnancy--Contact with infectious diseases--Avoidance of drugs--The danger signals of pregnancy ... PAGE 75 CHAPTER VIII THE MANAGEMENT OF LABOR When to send for the physician in confinement cases--The preparation of the patient--The beginning of labor--The first pains--The meaning of the term "labor"--Length of the first stage of labor--What the first stage of [xvii] labor means--What the second stage of labor means--Length of the second stage--Duration of the first confinement--Duration of subsequent confinements--Conduct of patient during second stage of labor--What a labor pain means--How a willful woman can prolong labor--Management of actual birth of child--Position of woman during birth of child--Duty of nurse immediately following birth of child--Expulsion of after-birth--How to expel after-birth--Cutting the cord--Washing the baby's eyes immediately after birth--What to do with baby immediately after birth--Conduct immediately after labor--After pains--Rest and quiet after labor--Position of patient after labor--The Lochia--The events of the following day--The first breakfast after confinement--The importance of emptying the bladder after labor--How to effect a movement of the bowels after labor--Instructing the nurse in details--Douching after labor--How to give a douche--"Colostrum," its uses--Advantages of putting baby to breast early after labor--The first lunch--The first dinner--Diet after third day ... PAGE 93 CHAPTER IX CONFINEMENT INCIDENTS Regarding the dread and fear of childbirth--The woman who dreads childbirth--Regarding the use of anesthetics in confinements--The presence of friends and relatives in the confinement chamber--How long should a woman stay in bed after confinement--Why do physicians permit women to get out of bed before the womb is back in its proper place?--Lacerations, their meaning, and their significance--The advantage of an examination six weeks after the confinement--The physician who does not tell all of the truth ... PAGE 111 CHAPTER X NURSING MOTHERS The diet of nursing mothers--Care of the nipples--Cracked nipples--Tender nipples--Mastitis in nursing mothers--Inflammation of the breasts--When should a child be weaned?--Method of weaning--Nursing while menstruating--Care of breasts while weaning child--Nervous nursing mothers--Birthmarks--Qualifications of a nursery maid ... PAGE 121 CHAPTER XI CONVALESCING AFTER CONFINEMENT The second critical period in the young wife's life--The domestic problem following the first confinement ... PAGE 131 * * * * * [xix] INTRODUCTION Despite the fact that much has been written during the past two or three years with reference to Eugenics, it is quite evident to any one interested in the subject that the average intelligent individual knows very little about it so far as its scope and intent are concerned. This is not to be wondered at, for the subject has not been presented to the ordinary reader in a form that would tend to encourage inquiry or honest investigation. The critic and the wit have deliberately misinterpreted its principles, and have almost succeeded in masking its supreme function in the garb of folly. The writer has yet to meet a conscientious mother who fails to evince a reasonable degree of enthusiastic interest in eugenics when properly informed of its fundamental principles. The eugenic ideal is a worthy race--a race of men and women physically and mentally capable of self-support. The eugenist, therefore, demands that every child born shall be a worthy child--a child born of healthy, selected parents. No one can successfully assail the ethics of this appeal. It is morally a just contention to strive for a healthy race. It is also an economic necessity as we shall see. The history of the world informs us that there have been many civilizations which, in some respects, equalled our own. These races of people have all achieved a certain success, and have then passed entirely out of existence. Why? _And are we destined to extinction in the same way?_ We know that the cause of the decline and ultimate extinction of all past civilizations was due primarily to the moral decadence of their people. Disease and vice gradually sapped their vitality, and their continuance was impossible. [xx] It would seem to be the destiny of a race to achieve material prosperity at the expense of its morality. When conditions render possible the fulfilment of every human desire, the race exhausts its vitality in a surfeitment of caprice. The animal instincts predominate, and the potential vigor of the people is exhausted in contributing to its own amusement. Each succeeding civilization has reached this epochal period, and has fallen, victim of the rapacity of stronger and younger invading antagonists, _themselves to succumb to the same insidious process_. The present civilization has reached this epochal--this transition--period. In one hundred years from now we shall either have accomplished what no previous civilization accomplished, or we shall have ceased to exist as a race. Our success depends on the response of the people to the eugenic appeal. Few appreciate the responsibility involved. It is not necessary, however, to combat or deplore the evils of the past. Civilization has failed in the task of race-maintenance; it failed, however, in ignorance. We cannot plead the same excuse. We are face to face with conditions that we must solve quickly or our destiny will be decreed before we apply the remedy. A function of the eugenist is to gather and attest statistics, and to establish conclusions based on these statistics. It has been conclusively demonstrated that, if the race continues to progress as it exists now--that is, if conditions remain the same, and our standard of enlightenment, so far as racial evolution is concerned, does not prompt us to adopt new constructive measures--_every second child born in this country, in fifty years, will be unfit; and, in one hundred years, the American race will have ceased to exist_. We mean by this that every second child born will be born to die in infancy, or, if it lives, will be incapable of self-support during its life, because either of mental degeneracy or physical inefficiency. This appalling situation immediately becomes a problem of civilization. No state can exist under these conditions. If these statistics are reliable--and we know they are true and capable of verification by any individual who will go to the trouble of [xxi] investigating them--it is self-evident that a radical change must immediately be instituted to obviate the logical consequences that must follow as a sequence. The eugenic demand, that "every child born shall be a worthy child," is, therefore, the solution of the problem. This does not imply, however, that the eugenist must solve the elementary problem of how the state will ensure its own salvation by guaranteeing worthy children. Worthy children can come only from fit and worthy (clean and healthy) parents. It becomes the imperative function of the state--the function on which the very life of the state depends--to see that every applicant for marriage is possessed of the qualities that will ensure healthy, worthy children. We must, therefore, sooner or later devise a system of scientific regulation of marriage, and it is at this point we stumble against the problem that has prompted the ebullitions of the wit and the sarcasm of the critic. A casual reference to the science immediately suggests to the layman an impossible or quixotic system of marriage by force. Even the word "eugenics" is associated in the minds of many otherwise estimable old ladies, and others who should know better, with a species of malodorous free love, and their hands go up in holy horror at the intimation of a scientific regulation of this ancient function. Unfortunately, the popular mind has received the impression that this incident constitutes the sum total of the eugenic idea, while the truth is that the eugenist is only slightly concerned with its modus operandi. This feature has been so magnified by widely published disingenuous discussion that it has assumed the aspect of a test problem, a judgment on which shall decide the utility of the science itself. Should this decision be unfavorable, it would seem, according to its exponents, that it would not be worth while promulgating the doctrines of the science beyond this point. It is as though we were asked to deny ourselves the inspiration and pleasure of a trip abroad because the morning of the day on which the ship sailed happened to be cloudy. It is certainly no part of the function of the eugenist to uproot [xxii] instinct, or to trample into the dust age-long rights, though the instinct is simply the product of an established habit, based on an erroneous hypothesis, and the so-called rights simply acquired privileges, because the intelligence that would have builded differently was not awakened. Eugenic necessity will render imperative the state's solution of this fundamental problem, for the reason that civilization will be driven to demand its just inheritance--the right to exist. The eugenist will not be compelled to open the door; it will be opened for him. We can afford, therefore, to wait with supreme confidence, because the good sense of the people will not always submit to the tactics of the jester when it needs a saviour. The eugenist does not seek to interfere with the liberties of the rising generation: a boy may choose whom he will; the girl may select the one who appeals to her most, and they may enjoy all the vested rights and romance that custom has decreed the lover; but, when they resolve to marry, _the state must decide their qualifications for parenthood_. This must be the crucial test of the future. The life of the state depends on it. The continuance of the race must be the supreme object of all future constructive legislation. We must recognize that "life is the only wealth," and that every other criterion of an advanced civilization must measure its success according to its wealth in worthy parenthood. The eugenist does not even dictate what the test for parenthood shall be. Common sense, however, suggests that it will assume some form that will eliminate those physically or mentally diseased. He believes that, when the people are sufficiently educated to appreciate the object in view, they will devise a system that will meet with universal approval. Eugenics concerns itself with problems on which the destiny of the race depends. It must not, therefore, be limited to questions relative to mating and breeding. Every factor that contributes to the well-being and uplifting of the race, every subject that bespeaks physical or mental regeneration, that aids moral and social righteousness and salvation, and promises a greater social happiness and contentment, has a eugenic [xxiii] significance. So long as there exists an unsupported mother or a suffering child; so long as we rely on hospitals and prisons, penitentiaries and the police, to minister to the correction and regeneration of the unfit and degenerate; so long as we tolerate grafting politicians and deprive the poor of breathing spaces, sanitary appliances, and a hygienic environment; so long as war and pestilence deprive posterity of the best of the race for parenthood; so long as we emphasize rescue rather than prevention, so long must the eugenist strive unceasingly to preach his propaganda of race regeneration. The scope of eugenics is too far-reaching in its beneficent purpose to be fettered by the querulous triflings of the ancient or intellectual prude; nor should it be belittled by the superficial insight of the habitual scoffer. It is not a fantasy nor an idle dream. It is not even an inspiration. The destiny of the race has brought us face to face with conditions unparalleled in the history of this civilization, and the very existence of the race itself may be wholly dependent on the foresight of the minds that have made the science of eugenics possible. A brief consideration of the conditions that actually exist, with which we are face to face, and which certainly justify the existence of a science whose function it should be to demand serious investigation of methods of race regeneration, may help the reader to an intelligent and practical understanding of the tremendous importance of the subject. It has been already remarked that, at the present rate of decrease, the birth-rate will be reduced to zero within a century. If the birth-rates in England, Germany, and France should continue to decrease as they have since 1880, there would be no children born, one hundred years hence, in these countries. While we do not assert, and probably none of us believes that either or all of these nations will actually be out of existence in a hundred years--unquestionably because we feel, at least we hope, that our methods will be so changed in that time that the necessary modification will ensure a continuance of the race, nevertheless, the fact remains that _the inevitable result of continuing along present lines will be [xxiv] that, within the period of one hundred years, these peoples will cease to perpetuate themselves_. It is not necessary to enquire closely into the various causes for this unparalleled situation. The falling birth-rate in itself is not the prime cause. Even admitting that there are enough babies born, too many of them are born only to die in infancy. We need no further proof of the urgent need for conscientious inquiry, call it by what name you please. The science of common sense is all-sufficient. The seemingly intelligent individual who can only find material for ribaldry in this connection is a more serious buffoon than he imagines. It is apparent that our methods are wrong. Any constructive effort to correct them is commendable. When it is stated that 20 per cent. of the American women are unable to bear children, and that 25 per cent. of all the others are unwilling to assume the burden and responsibility of motherhood, we partly realize the gravity of the case. On the other hand, statistics show that the majority of men have acquired disease before they marry, and that a very large percentage of these men convey contagion to their wives. This condition, to a very large extent, accounts for the inefficiency of women as mothers. It is responsible for at least 75 per cent. of the sterility that exists. The effect of this deplorable condition is directly responsible, also, for the ill health that afflicts women and that renders necessary the daily operations of a serious nature that are conducted in every hospital in every city in the civilized world. As a result of the dissemination of this poison, children are born blind, or are born to die, or, if they live, they are compelled to carry all through their helpless lives the stigma of disease and degeneration. It would surely seem that the individual to whom God has given intelligence and a conscience cannot think of these, the saddest facts in human experience, without resentment and humility. _Surely the time has arrived when every boy should know, from his earliest youth, that there is here on earth an actual punishment for vicious living as frightful as any that the mind of man can conceive._ [Page xxv] When we inquire into the cause of this trend toward race degeneracy, we find that poverty and the inability of the workingman to support large families, luxurious living, and the life of ease and amusement on the part of the women of wealth; the fact that an increasingly large number of women have entered professions that prevent motherhood, and that the number of apartment-houses where children are not wanted are on the increase, all play their part. In this age of intense living, it is not to be wondered at that many shrink from the responsibility of rearing children, and the same conditions that contribute to this decadent ideal intensifies sex-hunger, and it is this dominating passion that tolerates and makes possible the most frightful crime of the age--infanticide. Greece and Rome paved the way for their ultimate annihilation when their beautiful women ceased to bear children and their men sought the companionship of courtesans. Baby contests have demonstrated that only one child in ten was found to be good enough to justify a second examination. In a test examination in the public schools, only eight in five thousand were competent to qualify in all the tests. One of these eight was a Chinese boy and another an American-born son of a native Greek. Of the twenty million school-children in the United States, not less than 75 per cent. need immediate attention for physical defects. While man has been assiduously improving everything else, he has neglected to better his own condition. Every animal that man has taken from its native haunts and domesticated, he has efficiently improved. He has even produced more marvelous results by the application of the same principles to the vegetable kingdom. In his haste to civilize himself, however, he has failed to apply the principles that are essential to self-preservation. It is regrettable, also, to know that, while the government has spent many thousands of dollars in sending out literature to the farmers, instructing them how to raise profitable crops and to breed prize horses and pigs, absolutely none of the public money has been used in instructing American mothers how to raise healthy children. [Page xxvi] A distinguished insurance expert has proved that there was an increase of nearly 100 per cent. in the mortality from degenerative diseases in the United States between 1880 and 1909. The growing prevalence of these diseases indicates a falling-off in the vitality of the race. It means that the diseases of old age are invading the younger ranks. The Life Extension Institute, of New York City, in its recent report, states that "forty of every hundred men and women employed in the Wall Street district require medical attention; twenty of the forty need it immediately, and ten of the forty must have it to avert serious results." There are from one-quarter to three-quarters of a million of preventable deaths every years in this country. That number of individuals could have been saved with proper care and attention to health in the early stages of disease, or before it gained a start. Practically all the diseases that carry business men off prematurely are curable in the early stages. Of the percentage of Wall Street men who need medical attention immediately, most have kidney or heart disease. The others are victims of typical unhygienic habits, such as fast, gluttonous eating, neglect of exercise, too much tobacco and liquor, and bad posturing in the office. The business man considers these trifles, but they count heavily. Business efficiency is greatly increased, first, by selecting men physically fit for work, and, second, by keeping them in that condition. There is a tremendous waste from inefficiency constantly going on, due to impaired health. Wall Street has an astonishing corps of neurasthenics. We need a broader interpretation of the term Eugenics, so that we may gain a more sympathetic and tolerant audience. The remedy does not lie in an academic discussion of these problems; to continue the debate behind closed doors will not lead anywhere: the public must be educated to a just appreciation of existing conditions and the remedy must be the product of effort on its part. Any condition that fundamentally means race deterioration must be [xxvii] rendered intolerable. The prevalant dancing craze is an anti-eugenic institution, as is the popularity of the delicatessen store. No sane person can regard with complacency the vicious environment in which the future mothers of the race "tango" their time, their morals, and their vitality away. We do not assume to pass judgment on the merits of the dance; we do, however, emphatically condemn the surroundings. The moving-picture shows, vaudeville entertainments, dancing carnivals, the ease of travel, the laxity of laws, the opportunities for promiscuous interviews, all tend to give youth a false impression of the reality of life and to make the path of the degenerate easy and attractive. The history of civilization is, curiously enough, the story of masculine brutality, self-indulgence, and vice. The history of the world also proves that woman's sphere has been to submit patiently and silently to injustice and imposition. _Practical eugenics is the first worthy effort in the history of all time to hold men and women responsible for their mode of living._ It is a mighty problem. There is no greater nor more difficult one to be solved. It has taken eons to bring men to the point of questioning their right to do as they please; it will take time to compel them to realize their disgrace and acknowledge their duty. When we consider that there are eighty thousand women condemned to professional moral degradation in the City of London, and that every so-called civilized city on the globe contributes its pro rata share to this army of potential mothers, we begin to appreciate the vastness of the task. Eugenics has already accomplished what no other
{'title': 'The Eugenic Marriage, Volume 1 (of 4) by W. Grant Hague', 'source': 'Project Gutenberg', 'lang': 'en'}