Produced by Ron Box, Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net _Your_ 1952 STUDEBAKER CHAMPION OWNERâS GUIDE 1952 CONTENTS Instruments and Controls 5 Run-in Period 14 Operating the Car 16 Lubrication 27 If You Must Change a Tire 35 Maintenance and Care of the Car 37 Service and Adjustments 48 Technical Reference Data 51 Seasonal Services 54 Wiring Diagram 55 Index 56 A word with youâ You no doubt have many reasons for your choice of this car. All of them, we are sure, are good reasons. Accept our congratulations and thanks on your purchase of a fine motor car. Speaking of reasons, we have three for printing this book. First, to tell you _what you have_ in your car. Second, to tell you _how to operate it_. Third, to tell you what care it should receive to serve you best. For more technical information as to how your car or any of its parts operates or how to make any of a multitude of adjustments or repairs, we refer you to your Studebaker dealer. Studebaker owners operate their cars with the assurance of a friendly, nation-wide service organization. Dealersâ men are constantly informed by us of the latest advances in technical procedures, tools, and equipment. The General Service Department THE STUDEBAKER CORPORATION [Illustration: DEALER SERVICE POLICY FOR _Studebaker Owners_] BE SURE TO READ YOUR DEALER SERVICE POLICY _With your new Studebaker you received a Dealer Service Policy from your Studebaker dealer. Please read it carefully._ _Under its terms you, as the owner of a new Studebaker, are entitled to receive from your dealer during the warranty period, two thorough check-ups which are important to the efficient operation of your car. These services will be performed gratis only by the dealer from whom you purchased the car and advance arrangements should be made with him if these services are to become due while you are touring or after a change of residence._ _Any Studebaker dealer in the U. S. or Canada is authorized to replace, without charge for material or labor, any parts found to be defective under the terms of the Studebaker Factory Warranty._ _Always keep your Dealer Service Policy with the car during the warranty period. It will be necessary to present the Policy in order to obtain the parts replacement privileges under the Warranty from other than the Studebaker dealer from whom you bought the car._ [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] GASOLINE AMMETER DIRECTIONAL SIGNAL INDICATOR ODOMETER DIRECTIONAL SIGNAL INDICATOR OIL PRESSURE HEAT INDICATOR HOOD CONTROL FOG LIGHT CONTROL OVERDRIVE CONTROL CLIMATIZER AND DEFROSTER CONTROL PARKING BRAKE CONTROL HANDLE MASTER LIGHT CONTROL IGNITION LOCK AND SWITCH INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS _The driver of a new car should become familiar with the functions of the instruments and controls described below before operating the car. Standard equipment varies to some extent between different models. The illustration above includes both standard and extra equipment._ _Ignition Switch_ The ignition switch is operated by means of a key which, when turned to the right, supplies current to the ignition system and accessories. Turned to the left, the key completes the electrical circuit to the gasoline gage, radio, and other accessories but not to the ignition. _The ignition key should always be removed when you leave the car._ _Starter Switch_ The starter is controlled by a button on the toeboard located directly beneath the clutch pedal. By completely depressing the clutch pedal, the electrical circuit through the starter switch is completed. Do not operate starter when the engine is running. _Ammeter_ When the engine is not running and any of the electrical circuits are in use, the ammeter will register a discharge (-). With the engine running at a reasonable speed, even though all electrical circuits are in use, the ammeter will register a charge (+) until the battery is completely charged, after which the needle should swing back and remain around the zero mark. Any abnormal fluctuation of the ammeter needle in either direction is a signal to the driver to have the electrical system checked and serviced by his authorized Studebaker dealer. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] HEADLIGHT BEAM CONTROL CLUTCH BRAKE STARTER BUTTON ACCELERATOR PEDAL _Heat Indicator_ The temperature of the coolant in the engine cooling system is shown by the electric heat indicator which, under normal conditions, should register within the rectangular mark on the face of the gage. In summer, and on hot, long drives this may normally be a little higher. If the gage registers an abrupt or continuous rise to the âHâ mark, stop the car immediately and investigate. Check the water level, fan belt, hose connections, and look for water leaks. Continued use at this temperature will cause serious damage and unnecessary expense. The gage registers only when the ignition key is turned either to the right or left. Check the water level frequently. _Gasoline Gage_ The gasoline gage registers when the ignition key is turned either to the right or left. If you wish to know the quantity of fuel in the tank when the engine is not running, turn the ignition key to the left. It takes about 30 seconds for the gage to register after the ignition key is turned. _Oil Pressure Gage_ The oil pressure gage indicates the working pressure of the oil as it circulates within the engine. Normally, the gage will register between 20 and 40 pounds (1,4 and 2,8 kgs.) at 40 miles (64 km.) per hour. _This gage does not indicate the amount of oil in the crankcase._ If this gage should fluctuate rapidly or drop to zero, STOP the car immediately and check the cause. Continued operation of the car under these conditions will probably cause serious damage. _Locks and Keys_ Two sets of keys are furnished with the car. One key operates the front door external locks and the ignition switch. The other key operates locks on the package compartment door (except Champion Custom) and the luggage compartment lid. To prevent unauthorized persons from purchasing a duplicate ignition key, the key number does not appear on the key or on the face of the lock, but is stamped on a small metal tag supplied with the keys. The compartment key number is stamped on the key or on the lock housing. Both key numbers should be recorded on page 15 of this manual and elsewhere among the ownerâs permanent possessions, after which the metal tag should be destroyed. Duplicate keys may be ordered by key number from the nearest authorized Studebaker dealer. If the key numbers are not known, the order must be accompanied by the car serial number. Front door lock controls are designed so that either front door, locked from the inside, may be opened from the outside with the key. This is an advantage in parking lots when close parking blocks one door. If an inside front door handle is set to âlockâ position with the door open and the door is then closed, the lock releases; Studebaker front doors must be key-locked in such circumstances. The key will always unlock either of the front doors from the outside no matter whether it has been locked from the inside with the door lock control or locked from the outside with the key. The next three paragraphs explain the operation of the door locks. 1. Front door inside handles, when pushed up from the normal position to lock the door from the inside, will spring back to the normal position although the lock will remain set. 2. The front doors are locked from the outside with the key. Turn the key to the stop clockwise on left front doors and counterclockwise on right front doors. Return the key to the vertical position to remove it from the lock. To unlock the front doors follow the same procedure except turn the key to the stop in the opposite direction to that used to lock the door. 3. To lock either rear door of sedans, simply move the inside door handle upward, whether the door is open or closed. The door will remain locked until the inside rear door handle is moved downward to the full open position. _Hood Lock_ The hood lock safeguards your battery, carburetor, and other under-the-hood equipment against theft and tampering as long as the car doors are locked. The hood control (marked âHâ) is located on the driverâs side of the car just below the lower end of the instrument panel. To unlock the hood, pull the control until the automatic hood lock is released. To raise the hood, release the safety latch as illustrated. As a safety measure, after raising the hood, remove the end of the hood prop from its bracket and place it in the hole provided on the underside of the hood at the front. Care should always be taken in raising or lowering the hood. Never try to force the hood lock or safety latch. This might affect adjustments which would result in an improperly operating part. Lower the hood firmly so that the automatic hood latch and the safety latch are fastened securely. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] HOOD LOCK HOOD SAFETY LATCH PROP ROD HOOD LOCK PLATE HOOD LOCK CONTROL WIRE _Light Control Switch_ A pull-and-turn type switch control is located on the driverâs side of the lower instrument board to operate the headlights, instrument lights, map light, tail lights, and parking lights. _Parking and Tail Lights_ Pull light switch control to the first position for parking and tail lights. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] HEAD AND TAIL LIGHTS PARK AND TAIL LIGHTS OFF POSITIONS OF LIGHT CONTROL MAP LIGHT <TURN> M L I PULL INSTRUMENT LIGHT <TURN> M L I PULL _Headlights and Tail Lights_ Pull the light switch control as far out as possible (second position) to operate the headlights and tail lights. _Headlight Beam Control Switch_ The foot-operated switch to the left of the clutch pedal operates the headlight beam. Pressing down on the switch will change the headlights from country to traffic beam, and vice versa as traffic conditions require. When the country beam is in use the red tell-tale light in the speedometer face will be lighted. Use the traffic beam when approaching oncoming traffic and in city driving. _Instrument and Map Lights_ The instruments are lighted with non-glare _black light_. Turn the control clockwise for instrument lights. In Deluxe and Regal models a map light can be lighted by turning the control counterclockwise. On these models, this light will also operate whenever either of the front doors is open. _Dome Light_ The dome light in all models is operated by a switch just to the rear of the right front door. On Deluxe and Regal models, this light operates on 2-door bodies when either front door is open and on 4-door bodies when either rear door is open. There is no dome light in convertible models. _License Plate Light_ The light for the rear license plate is located in the center of the luggage compartment handle. The light operates whenever the headlights are turned on. _Stop Lights_ They light whenever the brake pedal is depressed, making a distinct red light shine to warn following vehicles. _Luggage Compartment Light_ This light goes on when tail lights are lighted and the luggage compartment lid is open. _The luggage compartment light is available at slight extra cost._ _Package Compartment_ To open the package compartment door after unlocking, turn the rotary knob to the right and open door. _An automatic package compartment light is available at extra cost._ _Ash Receiver_ To remove the tray for cleaning, push down on the retainer while pulling outward on the tray. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] _Front Seat Adjustment_ The front seat is easily adjusted forward or backward. Move the control lever forward at the driverâs side of the seat (as shown in the illustration above). This unlocks the mechanism and permits the seat to be shifted to the desired position. In addition to this quickly adjusted shift, there are three basic positions in which the seat can be bolted by your authorized Studebaker dealer to accommodate the leg length of the owner. From any of these basic positions, the front seat adjustment mechanism will give you the full adjustment range. _Clutch Pedal_ The clutch pedal disengages the clutch when depressed, engages it when released. The clutch pedal, depressed to the floorboard, also operates the starter button located directly under the pedal. _Steering Post Gearshift_ The steering post gearshift is operated in the conventional manner, and provides three forward speeds and one reverse speed. _Luggage Compartment Lid and Lock_ The luggage compartment lid is controlled by a lock and handle contained in the rear emblem incorporating the license plate light and rear license plate bracket. The luggage compartment lock is operated with the same key which operates the package compartment lock. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] 1. UNLOCK WITH KEY (_Custom Models Only_) 2. TURN LOCK RING TO RELEASE UNLOCK WITH KEY PRESS UP ON RELEASE PAD To close, lock and remove the key. Lower lid firmly to be sure it has latched. The tight rubber weatherseals have a spring action which will tend to hold lid in a slightly raised position unless it is firmly closed. _Brake Controls_ Braking pressure is applied to all four wheels in proportion to the amount of foot pressure applied to the brake pedal. The parking brake lever operates independently of the hydraulic brake system, applying brake pressure to the rear wheels only. To set the parking brake, _depress brake pedal and pull back on parking brake handle_. To release the parking brake, depress brake pedal, pull back slightly on the handle, press the release button with the thumb, and let the handle move forward. _Windshield Wiper Control_ The windshield wiper control knob, located at the top center of the instrument board, must be turned clockwise to operate the wiper blades. _Windshield Washer_ The Studebaker AC-2047 safety windshield washer is equipped with a control button mounted on the dash just above and to the left of the clutch pedal pad. To operate, exert a slight foot pressure on the button, which will eject water to right and left Windshields. An antifreeze and wetting agent is available from your dealer for injection into the water supply jar. _Windshield Washers are available at extra cost._ _Seat Cushion Auxiliary Springs_ To vary the front or rear seat cushion resiliency for the driver or passengers, Select-O-Seat cushion springs are available as an accessory. RUN-IN PERIOD The First 1000 Miles (1609 km.) It is desirable to limit driving speeds during the first 1000 miles (1609 km.) of operation in order that the closely fitted parts of the engine and chassis may have an opportunity to âwear inâ smoothly. For the _first 500 miles_ (_805 km._) it is recommended that you do not drive your car at speeds in excess of _50 miles (80,5 km.) per hour_. For the _second 500 miles_ (_805 km._) it is recommended that you do not drive your car at speeds in excess of _60 miles (96,6 km.) per hour_. While it is always better to let your engine warm up at lower speeds, you should, by all means, follow such a practice during the first 1000 miles (1609 km.) of operation. Further, it is well to avoid _continuous_ high speed driving during the first 1000 miles (1609 km.) even though the engine has been warmed up. Engine Oil During Run-In The use of special run-in oils is not necessary. Use only engine oils produced by reputable oil companies. During the run-in period it is important to change the oil shortly after the engine is put into operation. Therefore, change oil _at least_ by the end of the first 1000 miles (1609 km.). After 1000 miles (1609 km.), change oil regularly. See page 32. It is a good practice to have the oil level checked whenever gasoline is purchased. Keep oil at the Full mark. _Do not overfill._ The viscosity of the oil to be used depends entirely upon prevailing temperatures. See page 33. LOCATION OF VEHICLE NUMBERS Serial Number The serial number of your car is stamped on a plate attached to the left front door lock pillar post. Record it in the space provided. Engine Number The engine number is stamped on a machined pad at the upper left front of the cylinder block. Record it in the space provided. Body Number The body number is stamped on a plate attached to the dash under the hood. Record it in the space provided. Key Numbers _Ignition and front doors:_ This number is stamped on a metal tag furnished with the keys. Record it in the space provided. _Package Compartment and Luggage Compartment Doors:_ This number is stamped on the compartment key or on the lock housing. Record it in the space provided. _Paint and Trim_ When ordering paint materials be sure that the serial and body numbers above as well as the paint color name printed on the sticker attached to the underside of the package compartment accompany your order. When trim materials are needed, it is important that the serial and body numbers which you have recorded above be furnished. OPERATING THE CAR Starting The Engine Before starting the engine be sure the gearshift lever is in neutral position. Depress the accelerator to the toeboard once only and then immediately release it. This permits the automatic choke to come into full operation. This operation is essential to easy starting. Turn the ignition key to the right. Then depress the clutch pedal to the toeboard to operate the starter. If engine should not start after a few revolutions, completely depress accelerator and, holding it in this position, operate starter. _Starting a Hot Engine_ It is easier to start a hot engine if the accelerator is held approximately halfway to the floorboard until the engine starts. Release the accelerator as soon as the engine starts. _Warming Up the Engine_ A gasoline engine performs best when it reaches an operating temperature of approximately 170Â° F. (76,7Â° C.). This is the normal range indicated by the rectangular mark on the face of the heat indicator. In cold weather the engine temperature should be raised by allowing the engine to idle slowly before driving the car. Do not drive the car until oil pressure registers on the gage. If it registers above 40 lbs. (2,8 kgs.), drive slowly until pressure returns to normal, or approximately 40 lbs. (2,8 kgs.). After starting, the high idle system may cause the engine to âraceâ. If so, depress and immediately release the accelerator. Push or Tow Starting Should the battery fail to supply enough current to start the engine with the starter, place the transmission in conventional high gear and either push or tow the car until the engine starts. _OD control (on cars so equipped) must be in Out position._ Be sure ignition is On and parking brake released. Shifting the Gears To shift the gears in either the conventional or overdrive ratios with the steering post gearshift lever, follow this procedure: TO SET CAR INTO MOTION 1. Start engine and with clutch pedal still depressed, place gearshift lever in low (first) gear position. 2. Release parking brake. 3. Release the clutch pedal gradually and at the same time slowly accelerate. TO SHIFT FROM LOW TO SECOND GEAR 1. At approximately 10 miles (16 km.) per hour, release accelerator and depress clutch pedal. 2. Place gearshift lever in second (intermediate) gear position. 3. Release the clutch pedal gradually and at the same time slowly accelerate. TO SHIFT INTO HIGH (THIRD) GEAR 1. At approximately 18 miles (29 km.) per hour, release accelerator and depress clutch pedal. 2. Shift lever into high (third) gear position. 3. Release the clutch pedal gradually and at the same time slowly accelerate. Without overdrive, this is the highest or cruising gear ratio. TO SHIFT INTO REVERSE GEAR 1. _Bring the car to a complete stop._ 2. Depress clutch pedal. 3. Place lever in reverse gear position. 4. Release the clutch pedal gradually and at the same time slowly accelerate. _Shifting Tips_ To avoid excessive wear on the clutch, transmission, and drive mechanism, never try to jump gears (that is, do not shift from low to high, or start out in second and avoid using low) and never shift from any gearâeven the neutral positionâinto reverse until the carâs motion is stopped. Also, never make a gear shift until the clutch pedal is depressed, disengaging the clutch. Make it a habit to pause for an instant in neutral as the gearshift lever passes from one gear ratio to another. Transmission Overdrive The automatic overdrive operates only when the control handle, next to the hood control handle and marked OD, is in its full forward position. It engages automatically when the accelerator is released momentarily at or above the overdrive cut-in speed of 30 to 35 miles (50 to 55 km.) per hour. If, while in overdrive, it is desired to gain more power for passing cars in traffic or on grades, push the accelerator to the floorboard. This cuts out the overdrive and it will remain inoperative until the accelerator is again released. At that time the overdrive again engages automatically. The overdrive control can be pulled out, thereby locking the transmission in the conventional position. This should be done for descending steep, mountainous grades, _or when pushing or towing the car to start the engine_. The circumstances under which this change can be made safely are as follows: 1. To change the transmission from overdrive to the locked-in conventional position while the car is standing still, merely pull out the OD control. 2. To change the transmission from overdrive to the locked-in conventional position when driving below the overdrive cut-in speed of approximately 30-35 m.p.h. (50-55 km.) accelerate the engine and at the same time pull out the OD control. 3. To change the transmission from overdrive to the locked-in conventional position when driving in overdrive, completely depress the accelerator past the wide-open throttle position and as soon as the transmission is in conventional, pull out the OD control. If the OD control is in the locked-in conventional position (pulled out) it can be placed in the overdrive position while the car is standing still. To make this change when the car is moving at any forward speed, accelerate slightly and push the control fully forward. _Overdrive is available at extra cost._ Automatic Hill Holder The automatic Hill Holder retains the same degree of braking effort on an upgrade as that applied by the driver in stopping _as long as the clutch pedal is depressed_. The Hill Holder does not operate on level or descending surfaces. However, the clutch must be depressed before releasing the brake pedal. This permits the right foot to be removed from the brake pedal to operate the accelerator when ready to resume forward motion. Releasing the clutch pedal releases the action of the Hill Holder. To use the Hill Holder when stopping on an upgrade, depress the clutch pedal and then apply foot brakes. The right foot may now be removed from the brake pedal. To release Hill Holder action, release the clutch pedal. _Hill Holder is special equipment for the Champion available at extra cost._ Studebaker Climatizer and Defroster The Studebaker Climatizer is a fresh air heating and ventilating system. Fresh air passes through an air duct and then through the Climatizer heater core. The warmed air is discharged forward and rearward from below the front seat and spreads uniformly through the car interior. The Climatizer heat output is thermostatically controlled so that you may select the degree of heating desired and be assured of its remaining constant until you reset the control. Pushing or pulling the control regulates a thermostat which in turn controls the flow of water through the heater coils. The further outward you pull the control, the warmer will be the hot air output of the Climatizer. When the engine cooling water is cold and the control is in the closed position, the thermostat permits a full flow of water into the heat core until the temperature at the thermostat unit (just above the accelerator pedal) reaches approximately 70Â° F. (21Â° C.). As the water gets warmer, the thermostat will maintain that temperature. If you desire more heat in the car, pull the Climatizer control. After using the Climatizer a few times you will find the position of the control that gives you the heat in the car which best suits your comfort. Further regulation of the control will be unnecessary. If you wish to obtain maximum heat flow in extremely cold weather, pull the handle to its full âoutâ position. This will lock the valve open until you push the handle forward. Climatizer Operation The entire range of Climatizer and defroster operation is controlled through the use of the Climatizer and vent controls. The Climatizer control operates thermostat when pulled or pushed, operates blowers when turned. The vent control opens and closes the right outside cowl ventilator. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] HIGH HEAT REGULATION OFF POSITIONS OF CLIMATIZER CONTROL 1. Defroster High 2. Defroster Low 1. Climatizer Motor 2. Climatizer Motor Plus Defroster Motor 1. To open the outside right cowl ventilator, move the control lever (directly beneath the package compartment) to the left. This is the position of the ventilator whenever you operate the Climatizer or want to draw fresh outside air into the car through the Climatizer system. To close the ventilator, move the control lever to the right. When using Climatizer, be sure the inner ventilator door is closed. 2. Pull Climatizer control handle outward to the position which gives the temperature desired by the car occupants. The further outward the control is pulled, the warmer the air will become. 3. Turn the Climatizer control handle clockwise to the first position to operate the Climatizer blower. Turning the control to the second position clockwise will continue the Climatizer blower operation and will also add the operation of the defroster blower. Air forced through the Climatizer system at car speeds above 25 m.p.h. makes use of the Climatizer blower unnecessary when traveling steadily at or above such speeds. 4. Slight opening of one or more ventilators or windows permits some measure of directional control over circulation since warm air flow will be increased towards such openings. For uniform temperature and defrosting efficiency throughout the entire car, however, it is generally recommended that windows and vents be fully closed. NOTE.âIf upon entering a cold car, the accumulation of moisture on windshield and windows appears excessive, open the ventilator windows for rapid circulation until the moisture begins to clear. _Defroster Operation_ Turn the Climatizer control counterclockwise to the first position for maximum hot air flow through the defroster ducts; turn control to the second position to reduce the defroster air flow. _Climatizer and defroster are special equipment available at extra cost._ Operation of the Convertible Top The mechanically operated top of the Studebaker convertible models is raised and lowered by an electric motor and prelubricated driving arms and gears. The mechanism is controlled by a lever located at the left of the two control handles at the lower edge of the instrument panel on the driverâs side of the car. Moving the lever to the left raises the top, and to the right, lowers it. When the lever is released from either of these positions, it automatically returns to the central position, stopping the electric motor. _Always let the motor operate the topânever try to force the top up or down by hand._ Top Operation Motor Circuit Breaker The electric motor is guarded against short circuit and overload by a 30-ampere circuit breaker. Should a short circuit or overload occur in the top operating system, the circuit breaker will automatically interrupt the circuit and will continue to interrupt it until the cause is eliminated. If the circuit breaker interrupts the current flow for any reason, see your Studebaker dealer. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] SNAP LOCK LOCKING HANDLE TO RELEASE TO LOCK TO LOWER THE TOPâSTOP THE CAR 1. Unsnap the fasteners on both sides of the top cover at the points indicated in the illustration below. Snap the top cover boot in place on the rear of the seat back. Remove any packages or other material from the top well behind the seat. 2. Pull both sun visors down and release the snap lock at the left of the locking handle on the header. Turn the top locking handle at the center of the header fully to the left (counterclockwise). Lift the top free of the pilots. 3. Move the control switch lever to the right and hold it in this position until the top rests on the rear deck of the car; then release the lever. 4. Cover the top with the boot and snap all boot fasteners in place. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] SNAP FASTENERS TO RAISE THE TOPâSTOP THE CAR 1. Unsnap the boot fasteners along the rear deck and side panels. Uncover the top and let the boot hang over the rear seat back. 2. After pulling down both sun visors, move the top operating lever to the left and hold it in this position until the top header is approximately one foot above the windshield pilots; then release the lever. 3. Grasp the top locking handle firmly with the right hand and guide the top down over the windshield pilots while the left hand holds the top operating lever at its âRaiseâ position. When the header rests on the windshield, release the control lever. Lock the snap lock at the left of the locking handle on the header. Lock the top securely to the windshield by turning the top locking handle clockwise two or three complete turns. Test the lock by attempting to lift the top free of the pilots. 4. Snap the fasteners in place along the top side rails and side panels on both sides of the top. There are 6 of these fasteners on each side. Let the boot fold down into the top compartment or unsnap the boot from the rear seat back and place it in the boot bag provided. NOTICE The radiator of this car may be equipped with a _pressure-type cap_. If it is so equipped, remove the cap by turning it slowly half-way to the open position and pausing to permit relief of any vapor or steam pressure present. Then complete turning of cap to the stop and remove it. LUBRICATION Periodic Inspections It is good for reasons of economy and to forestall unexpected need of service to have your car inspected once a month or at 1000 mile (1609 km.) lubrication periods. An ideal time to have many of the parts or units inspected is while the car is on the lubrication hoist in the raised position. Lubrication Operations Proper lubrication is good assurance that your car will continue to perform with increasing satisfaction. Only high quality lubricants should be used on your car. Your Studebaker dealer knows every lubrication requirement for your car. Take it to him for periodic lubrication. The recommendations given in the following paragraphs are, in many ways, the most important in the entire booklet. If a lubrication service must, of necessity, be performed by a non-Studebaker serviceman, be sure he understands the requirements mentioned in this section and on the charts on pages 28, 29, and 30. _Universal Joints_ Lubricate with light weight chassis lubricant at 1000 mile (1609 km.) intervals. Only a low pressure (hand) gun should be used to lubricate these bearings. _Transmission Lubricant_ The transmission should be filled to the level of the filler plug hole with S.A.E. 90 mineral oil gear lubricant or S.A.E. 40 engine oil, both summer and winter. On cars equipped with overdrive transmission, fill _slowly_, using the fill hole of the main case. For transmission capacities, see table on page 53. (Continued on page 31) [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] â 1,000 Miles (1.609 km.) â 5,000 Miles (8.046 km.) â 10,000 Miles (16.090 km.) â UPPER and LOWER CONTROL ARM BUSHINGSâ4 Fittings each ArmâChassis Lubricant. â FRONT WHEEL BEARINGSâWheel Bearing Lubricant. â STEERING KNUCKLEâ1 FittingâChassis Lubricant. â STEERING BELL CRANK SHAFTâ1 FittingâChassis Lubricant. â â TRANSMISSIONâConventional and Overdrive. CHECK LEVEL DRAIN and FLUSH LUBRICANTâHigh Grade Mineral Oil Gear Lubricant (Regular Type Gear Lubricant) of SAE No. 90 Viscosity or SAE No. 40 Engine Oil for Both Summer and Winter. Gear Lubricants Containing Any Extreme Pressure Ingredients, such as Lead, Sulphur, Chlorine Compounds Must Not Be Used. â AUTOMATIC DRIVE CHECK LEVEL Drain and Refill at 15.000 miles Use 10W premium type engine oil (SAE 10-10W premium type is also satisfactory). See Text, Preliminary Shop Manual covering Automatic Transmissions. â UNIVERSAL JOINTSâ3 FittingsâChassis Lubricant. â â REAR AXLEâ CHECK LEVEL DRAIN and FLUSH LUBRICANTâUse Studebaker Hypoid Lubricant or any SAE No. 90 Hypoid Lubricant (Multi-Purpose Gear Lubricant) Manufactured by a Reputable Oil Company. Do Not at Any Time Mix Various Brands of Hypoid Lubricants. â REAR AXLE SHAFT BEARINGâWheel Bearing Lubricant. â UPPER and LOWER CONTROL ARM BUSHINGSâ4 Fittings each ArmâChassis Lubricant. â FRONT WHEEL BEARINGSâWheel Bearing Lubricant. â STEERING KNUCKLEâ1 FittingâChassis Lubricant. â TIE ROD BALL JOINTSâ4 FittingsâChassis Lubricant. â STEERING REACH RODâ2 FittingsâChassis Lubricant. â CLUTCH OPERATING SHAFT BRACKET BEARINGâEngine Oil. â CLUTCH AND BRAKE PEDALSâ1 FittingâChassis Lubricant. â CLUTCH PEDAL LINKAGEâ2 Clevis PinsâEngine Oil. â CLUTCH RELEASE SHAFTâ1 FittingâChassis Lubricant. â HILL HOLDER LINKAGEâSprayâEngine Oil. â GEARSHIFT RODSâEngine Oil. â PARKING BRAKE LINKAGEâSprayâEngine Oil. â PROPELLER SHAFT SPLINESâ1 FittingâChassis Lubricant. â REAR AXLE SHAFT BEARINGâWheel Bearing Lubricant. â GENERATORâ2 OilersâSAE No. 20 Engine Oil. â OIL FILLER TUBE CAPâService Every 1,000 Miles or Daily if Dust Conditions are Severe. Wash the Element in Kerosene and allow to Dry Thoroughly. Apply Light Engine Oil to Element. â DISTRIBUTORâSAE No. 20 Engine Oilâ3 to 5 Drops on Felt Under Rotor and in Oil Cup at Side. Small Amount of Petroleum Jelly on Cam. â STEERING GEAR[1] RossâSpecial lubricant as approved by Ross Gear and Tool Company of Lafayette, Indiana SaginawâMulti-Purpose SAE 90 gear lubricant â GEARSHIFT CONTROL CASE (Conventional and Overdrive Only)âOne FittingâChassis Lubricant. â OIL FILTERâUnder Normal Conditions, the Oil Filter Cartridge Should be Replaced after Five to Six Thousand Miles of Operation. Where Severe Dust and Dirt Conditions Prevail, It will be Necessary to Replace the Oil Filter Cartridge at Correspondingly Lower Mileages. â CARBURETOR AIR CLEANERâService Every 1,000 Miles Where Dust Conditions Prevail. It May be Necessary to Services the Unit Daily; or More Often Under Severe Dust Conditions. To Service the âOil Bathâ Type, Remove Cleaner. Wash Filter Element in Kerosene and Drain Thoroughly. Clean Oil Reservoir and Refill to Indicated Level. Use SAE 30 Engine Oil for above +32Â° F. and SAE 20 Engine Oil for below +32Â° F. Do Not Use an Oil Lighter than SAE 20. To Service the âOil Coated Filterâ Type, Remove the Filter Element. Wash in Kerosene and Shake Out Until Dry. Reoil the Element Thoroughly With Fresh Clean Oil. Allow the Excess Oil to Drain Off, and Reinstall Element. â ENGINE OIL LEVEL GAGEâCheck Oil Level Add or Change Oil as Required. Crankcase capacityâ5 U.S. Quarts. Lowest Temp Anticipated Oil Viscosity +32Â° F. SAE 30 +10Â° F. SAE 20 -10Â° F. SAE 10-10W or 10W â 1,000 Miles (1.609 km.) â 5,000 Miles (8.046 km.) â 10,000 Miles (16.090 km.) [1]The make of steering gear can be identified by location of filler hole plug. On Ross, it is at upper end of housing. On Saginaw, it is on a base near center of housing. [Illustration: CHAMPION The Lubrication Points Established Are For Average Use and Should Be Changed to Suit Individual Operating Conditions] (Continued from page 27) _Rear Axle Lubricant_ Use Studebaker hypoid lubricant or any S.A.E. 90 hypoid lubricant (multi-purpose type gear lubricant) for summer and winter. _Do not mix various brands of hypoid lubricants._ Use light engine oil for flushing. _Do not use kerosene._ _Crankcase Oil Level_ The oil in the crankcase is checked by withdrawing the oil level gage on the left side of the engine. The oil filler pipe cap contains a filtering element to clean the air of any impurities before it enters the crankcase. This filter is easily cleaned by removing the cap and immersing it in kerosene. Allow filter cap to dry thoroughly. Then dip cap in a good grade of engine oil so that filtering element is thoroughly oil coated. Drain off excess oil and replace cap. Itâs a good idea to have the oil level checked when purchasing gasoline. Never allow oil level shown on oil level gage to fall below the ADD OIL mark. DO NOT OVERFILL. _Engine Oil Filter_ The Fram oil filter (on cars so equipped) assists in removing dirt and foreign matter from the oil and is provided with a replaceable filter element. Under normal conditions the Fram Filter cartridge should be replaced after approximately every 5000 miles (8046 km.) of operation. Severe dust conditions may warrant replacing the cartridge at correspondingly lower mileages. When it is necessary to replace the cartridge, care should be taken to see that a new cover gasket is installed and that the cover is securely tightened. The cover should also be checked occasionally to make sure that it remains tight. _Engine Oil Renewal_ Engine oil should be changed _at least_ by the end of the first 1000 miles (1609 km.). After this period the oil should be changed regularly, the frequency depending on the condition of the oil as affected by operating and atmospheric conditions. Under average driving conditions oil should be changed at 2500 to 3000 mile (4023 to 4828 km.) intervals. _Engine Oil Viscosity_ âEngine oil viscosityâ is a term which indicates, broadly, the âbodyâ of the oil to be used in your engine, although other scientific considerations enter into assigning viscosity numbers to oil. [Illustration: _Change oil filter element every 5000 miles! Check oil level whenever you buy gasoline!_] Generally speaking, you use a thin oil in winter because it flows more freely in cold temperatures than a thick oil. Since, as stated above, the oil in your carâs crankcase, if of good quality, will be useful for many hundreds of miles, it is impractical to change oil more often than necessary. Therefore, we list below the viscosities of engine oil recommended for your car at lowest prevailing temperature generally expected in your locality during the various seasons of the year. [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] LOWEST TEMPERATURE ANTICIPATED OIL RECOMMENDATION +32Â° F. (0Â° C.) S.A.E. 30 +10Â° F. (-12.2Â° C.) S.A.E. 20 -10Â° F. (-23.3Â° C.) S.A.E. 10W[2] Below -10Â° F. (-23.3Â° C.) S.A.E. 5W[3] [2]Oil in cans marked 10W or S.A.E. 10-10W is satisfactory for use where S.A.E. 10W is recommended. [3]The engine should not be operated at sustained high speeds when using S.A.E. 5W engine oil. Most of the higher priced motor oils sold today contain chemical detergents which hold extremely small particles of carbon or other foreign matter in suspension. Many of the particles are so small that they flow through the oil filters with the oil and remain in suspension. For this reason, oil which is perfectly good for lubrication purposes may be discolored when seen on the oil level gage. With such oils the need for an oil change should be governed by the mileage the oil has been used and the dust conditions prevalent during that mileage. As long as the oil retains a âslickâ quality and good body, it is generally satisfactory. [Illustration: Raise or lower car with jack _outside_ bumper bar.] UP POSITION DOWN POSITION [Illustration: Remove wheel cover ... retaining nuts ... and wheel.] VERTICAL BUMPER BAR [Illustration: Replace spare and tools snugly in proper spaces.] JACK SHAFT HOLDER JACK SHAFT RETAINER NUT RETAINER JACK MECHANISM JACK HANDLE AND WHEEL LUG WRENCH JACK BASE If you must change a tire ... 1. Before using jack, set parking brake by depressing brake pedal and pull outward on parking brake handle. On steep grades, it may be advisable to block the front or rear wheels as an extra precaution against rolling. 2. Open luggage compartment and unscrew single lug nut to free spare wheel and tire. Remove jack base, jack handle, spare wheel and tire, and bumper jack. 3. Place jack base so that jack lip will contact underside of bumper at outer edge of the vertical bumper bar on the flat tire side of the car. Also place base so that it will be about one inch inward from the outer edge of the bumper. 4. Put the jack mechanism lever in the UP position. Place lip of jack in contact with the underside of the bumper against the outer edge of the vertical bumper bar. 5. Use chisel end of jack handle to remove hub cover. Then place chisel end of the jack in the jack mechanism and jack up the car. NoteâIf tire to be changed is on a front wheel, jack up only a few notches to be sure jack is secure, then start wheel lug nuts loose before continuing the jacking up process. On rear wheels, the parking brake will hold the wheel so that the nuts can be loosened after the car has been jacked up. 6. On wheels on the left side of the car, the wheel lug nuts are left-hand threaded. To remove them, use the hexagonal wrench end of the jack handle and turn the nuts clockwise. On wheels on the right side of the car, the nuts are removed by turning them counterclockwise. Nuts are installed by turning them in the direction opposite to that used in removing them. 7. Raise car with jack until wheel is free of the road and can revolve freely. This is important to be sure you have enough clearance to install spare. Remove flat tire and wheel and place spare wheel and tire over studs. Install lug nuts and tighten uniformly and firmly. 8. Lower jack by first placing jack mechanism lever in its DOWN position and work the jack with the handle in the same manner as when raising car. 9. Replace tools and spare in this order: Jack shaft and mechanism go into the holder provided at the right of the spare wheel well. Jack mechanism must fit snug against bulge of tire to prevent rattling. Next install the spare wheel and tire, being sure the hinged bolt comes through the wheel hub hole. Place retainer plate over bolt and screw on the retainer nut. Wedge jack handle and jack base between tire and well. Put luggage compartment lid handle in closed position, _lock handle and remove key, and close lid_. MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF CAR Storage Battery The storage battery is located under the hood on the left side. The carrier clamp bolt wing nuts should be kept finger tight but not so tight as to crack the battery case. [Illustration: Place cap on safety-vent forming air lock in breather-chamber] [Illustration: Fill well with distilled water. Air lock prevents solution rising above bottom of well.] [Illustration: Remove cap from safety-vent and solution drops to correct level. Replace cap in filter hole.] Have the following three items checked frequently: 1. Water levelâmaintain at the proper height with distilled water. 2. The specific gravity of the battery solution. 3. Battery connectionsâshould be clean and tight. _Charging Precautions_ It is advisable to observe the following precautions when charging a battery at home or elsewhere. During the charging and for a short time immediately thereafter, the chemical reaction in the battery gives off hydrogen gas in sufficient quantities as to be explosive. When working near a battery being charged, or just after it has been charged, it is important that no flame or spark have an opportunity to ignite the hydrogen gas. To prevent possibility of a static electricity sparkâs causing such an explosion with the battery in the car, it is well to ground the car electrically by means of a metal bar or chain running from the carâs frame or bumper to the ground. When the charging or recently charged battery is out of the car, it should be placed where it will not be exposed to flame, spark, or static electricity. Minimize Oil Dilution and Sludge The crankcase is provided with a cross ventilation system to reduce harmful dilution of the engine oil by water and fuel. Crankcase dilution is aggravated by low speed driving with frequent stops and starts because the engine does not warm up to the normal operating temperature. The driver can materially assist in preventing this condition by observing the following suggestions: 1. After starting, give the engine time to warm up before driving. 2. Keep the engine in good mechanical condition. See that the compression is good and that the ignition and carburetion systems are kept in peak condition. 3. Clean the crankcase at least once a year, preferably when winter oil is changed for summer weight oil. 4. Use the proper grade of a reputable engine oil. 5. Use a good grade of fresh gasoline. 6. Check thermostat operation. Operating an engine at subnormal temperatures causes a much more rapid dilution of the crankcase oil than is experienced at normal temperatures. Rust and Corrosion Inhibitor Because of the chemical reaction between metal and the lime or other minerals in water, one U. S. pint (.833 Imperial pt., 0.47 liters) of an approved inhibitor such as Studebaker Cooling System Rust Inhibitor or Resistor should be added to the cooling system of every new car and replenished as needed throughout the life of the car. This will help protect the entire cooling system (radiator, cylinder block, cylinder head, and water pump) from any chemical corrosions, rust, or calcification within the radiator core which may restrict the passages. This does not, however, dispense with the need of flushing the cooling system seasonally, spring and fall. Following each draining a pint of the inhibitor should be used unless it is included in the new coolant. Many anti-freeze compounds do contain a rust inhibitor. Ask your dealer whether the anti-freeze you use during the winter is of this kind. If so, it will not be necessary to install a rust inhibitor in the cooling system while such an anti-freeze is in use. CAUTION Carbon Monoxide _is a lethal gas, odorless, tasteless, and colorless, found in the exhaust fumes of all engines. Never start the engine in a closed garage. Always open garage doors wide before starting the engine and keep the doors open as long as the engine is operating._ Gasoline Economy The kind of gasoline you use in your new Studebaker is an important factor in performance, economy, and service. It is important to purchase your gasoline from a dealer selling the product of a reputable refinery in sufficient volume to assure fresh, clean gasoline which hasnât accumulated moisture, dirt and tank settlings from lying dormant for relatively long periods. _Speed_ Drive at a moderate and constant speed. _Idling_ Shut off the engine while parked, even for a few minutes, such as waiting for long freight trains at railroad crossings. Idling, except to warm up a cold engine, is sheer waste. _Stopping_ Come to a gradual stop whenever possible. This saves fuel, brake lining, and tires. _Accelerating_ If peak economy is to be obtained, acceleration must be gradual. Rapid acceleration wastes gasoline. _Tires_ Keep your tires properly inflated. _Lubrication_ Keep both the engine and chassis well lubricated at all times. This reduces friction to a minimum. _Mechanical Condition_ Periodic âtuningâ of the engine by your Studebaker dealerâs service department will insure maximum mechanical efficiency necessary to good gasoline mileage. Tire Inflation and Care Inflate and check tires to recommended pressures given on page 53 with the tires cold (at atmospheric temperatures), and not after a long run. If your tires are checked immediately after a long run, do not permit the attendant to reduce the pressures by letting out air. Wait until the tires have had a chance to cool before checking pressures. You can ensure more even wear of all tires by having your Studebaker dealer criss-cross them according to the latest factory recommendations at approximately 4000 mile (6437 km.) intervals. Have tires and wheels checked for need of balance after each criss-crossing. Ignition Timing For economy of fuel consumption and noiseless combustion relative to the type of gasoline used, the ignition timing may be advanced or retarded. Such an adjustment should be made by your Studebaker dealer. Carburetor Air Cleaner Two types of air cleaner are available for Studebaker cars. One is the âoil wettedâ type for cars operated a greater part of the time over pavement and roads which are comparatively free from dust. The other is known as the âoil bathâ type and is available at extra cost for cars operated where dust conditions are severe. Dust particles, although microscopically small, are highly abrasive and tend to score and cut the smooth glasslike surfaces of working partsâincreasing the rate of wear. The proper type of air cleaner installed on your car, properly maintained and serviced, will increase the life of the engine, and aid
{'title': "Your 1952 Champion Owner's Guide by Studebaker Corporation", 'source': 'Project Gutenberg', 'lang': 'en'}