Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net _Oregon Historic Landmarks_ WILLAMETTE VALLEY [Illustration: DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION] Oregon Society Daughters of the American Revolution [Illustration: _The Blockhouse at Dayton, Oregon_] This building was a military blockhouse built at the Grand Ronde Indian Agency by Willamette Valley settlers in 1856. U. S. Troops were sent to the station the same year and it was named âFort Yamhill.â Among the famous Army officers stationed at this fort were Phil Sheridan, Joseph Wheeler, A. J. Smith, D. A. Russell, and W. B. Hazen. By permission of the U. S. Government, Fort Yamhill was moved from Grand Ronde Agency to Dayton in 1911, through efforts of John G. Lewis, a patriotic citizen. The structure was rebuilt on this spot as a memorial to General Joel Palmer, a pioneer of Oregon, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, founder of Dayton, and donor of this park. LANDMARKS COMMITTEE 1963 Mrs. J. Dean Butler, Chairman Mrs. W. D. Foster Mrs. Lester Horton Mrs. George R. Hyslop Mrs. Albert H. Powers Mrs. A. R. Quackenbush The State Society Daughters of the American Revolution assumes no responsibility for statements of contributors Copyright 1963 by the Oregon Society Daughters of the American Revolution Printed in the United States of America by the Metropolitan Printing Company Portland, Oregon Contents Joe Meek Donation Land ClaimâHarvey E. Tobie, Ph.D 4 The West Union Baptist ChurchâRuth McBride Powers 6 Old College HallâIrene S. Story 8 General Joel Palmer HomeâCarl H. Francis 10 George Fox CollegeâMercedes J. Paul 12 Belleque HouseâHelen E. Austim 14 Champoeg Farm HouseâHenry Zorn 16 The Old Mission HospitalâRobert Moulton Gatke 18 The History of Wheatland FerryâMrs. Ross Rogers 20 George Kirby GayâLenna J. Wilson 22 The Amity ChurchâDr. James Matthew Alley 24 Bethel CollegeâDr. James Matthew Alley 26 La Creole Academy at DallasâJoseph D. Lee 28 The David Stump House in MonmouthâDavid Campbell 30 Christian CollegeâOregon Normal SchoolâOregon College of EducationâDavid Campbell 32 Fort HoskinsâPreston E. Onstad 34 Bishop Simpsonâs ChapelâMadeleine L. Nichols 36 The Mitchell Wilkins Family HomeâLucia Moore 38 The University of OregonâNina McCornack 40 The Applegate HouseâJosephine Evans Harpham 42 The Cartwright HouseâJosephine Evans Harpham 44 The Condon HouseâJosephine Evans Harpham 46 The Christian HouseâJosephine Evans Harpham 48 The Montieth HouseâHenrietta Stewart Brown 50 Providence Baptist ChurchâLenore Powell 52 White Spires United Presbyterian ChurchâMrs. Wayne Dawson 54 Boston Mills (Thompson Mills)âLottie E. Morgan 56 The Chase OrchardâFannie Chase 58 History of Early Albany SchoolsâMary Myrtle Worley 60 Linn County CourthouseâFlorette Nutting, and Helen J. Horton 62 Joe Meek Donation Land Claim _Harvey E. Tobie, Ph.D., author of âNo Man Like Joeâ_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] Oregonâs first sheriff and marshal, Colonel Joseph LaFayette Meek, should be remembered, not so much as a witty adventurer, a part much overplayed by writers, but as one of the very most importantâat times the most importantâpolitical leaders in this northwest society. True, distance and lack of formal education limited his contribution, especially to national developments. The fact that his mother was a member of the important Walker family, that his uncle Joseph married Jane Buchanan and that his cousin Sarah Childress married James K. Polk might otherwise have opened doors leading to distinction for a man of great natural ability and winning personality. There were twelve, or by one account, fifteen children in Meekâs Virginia family, too many for one man to educate in a day when schooling was neither universal nor free. Joseph L. Meek chose to go west. From his brother Hiramâs home at Lexington, Missouri, he enlisted in the fur trade in 1829 and continued that wild career for eleven years. Decline of the fur trade forced him to move to Oregon in 1840, driving one of the first wagons ever to reach the present Oregon-Washington area. The record summarized in the most definitive Meek biography, _No Man Like Joe_, reveals not only a man with important ancestral ties which he proudly and affectionately maintained, but the fond, doting parent which he always was. Unlike many less responsible trappers, he did not unfeelingly desert his Indian wife and his children, but he took them along with him into the far west. Adjustment to family life in Oregon was somewhat difficult for mountain people. It was 1842 before Joe had a field of wheat of his own. Besides, his heavy involvement in public affairs interfered with successful farming. Nevertheless, as shown by a letter written to brother Hiram and republished so widely as to reach London, he was a prosperous farmer by 1845. His north Tualatin plains estate, consisting of 642.7 acres of combined prairie and timber land of excellent quality, later became Donation Land Claim no. 61, notification 122, Twp. 1 north, range 2 west. Here, in the autumn of 1845, Joe hauled lumber from Oregon City by ox team and built the first frame house in Twality County. The old log cabin was made available to Uncle Ben Cornelius, his wife and nine children. The boards used in the new house were probably one by twelves, sixteen feet long, either set upright to form what was known as a box house, or nailed lengthwise on a frame of hewn logs and poles and covered by a shingled roof. This unpainted building was large enough for a house-warming dance, but very inadequate according to present standards. It was a one-story affair, with an attic, no doubt, that could accommodate one or more sleepers. The effective size of the front room was reduced by storage of saddles, pumpkins, apples, and other produce. Thus, although the long kitchen was adequate, the large and maturing family had little more than one-room sleeping quarters. Used to better conditions in the east, daughter Olive, after her return in the fall of 1862, promoted improvements. Unbelievably, there was room for over-winter visits of relatives. The successive family houses on the original site no longer stand, and the 1866 barn has been torn down. Fortunately, the home of Mrs. Emma Ross Deardorff, in which she has lived since 1872, still exhibits what are close similarities to the dwelling in which Colonel Meek lived during his last years. Living on the original residential site, now the Ernest Zurcher farm, are Mrs. Zurcher (Marjorie Meek), her husband, and the grandchildren of Stephen A. D. Meekâthe great grandchildren of Joseph L. Meek. There was a âlost generationâ of Meeks. The Civil War and racial discrimination in the years that followed were principally responsible for the fact that marriages of all surviving Meek children were delayed until later in life than is normal. The grandchildren of Joseph L. Meek, who are now at the peak of their careers as average, respected, useful citizens. Best known in Oregon is druggist J. Fred Meek who is now, after another reelection, serving as representative in the state legislature. The West Union Baptist Church _Ruth McBride Powers_ [Illustration: Oregon Historical Society] âWe the undersigned agree to pay the sum annexed to our names severally for the purpose of Erecting a house of worship; to be the property of the West Union Baptist Church of Jesus Christ our Lord and Saviour; said house to be built in Washington County O. T., upon a lot of land furnished by David T. Lenox which the said Lenox and wife secures to the church by lease as long as they shall use it for a house of Worship, together with a burying ground, the lot of land is on the east side of the Lenox land claim at a point of timber adjoining the prairie, the house to be of good style frame 30 foot by 40 foot Square finished in good Style, the payments to be made to the trustees, David T. Lenox, Henry Sewell and Reubin W. Ford.â * * * * * * * * Thus reads a subscription paper dated April 20, 1853, which records pledges of $749.70 toward the total cost of $1,512.43 of the West Union Baptist Church. The average gift was $5.00 but David T. Lenox heads the list with $200.00, his son, Edward, $60.00. Generous pioneers of other faiths made contributions, including Dr. John McLoughlin, D. H. Lounsdale, and James Failing. On May 25, 1844, five Baptists met in the log house of David Lenox on Tualatin Plains, about eight miles northwest of Hillsboro, and constituted the first church of the Baptist denomination in Oregon. Their Minute Book shows that they named their church the West Union Baptist Church, decided to meet once each month at the homes of members, and elected David T. Lenox temporary Moderator. Subsequent entries clearly show that Lenox was the leading member of this pioneer church. He was born in New York State in 1801, lived in Illinois and Missouri before leading a company of the 1843 wagon train to Oregon. Lenox sent out the call in 1848 that resulted in the formation of the Willamette Baptist Association. Although he was elected Moderator and Deacon, Lenox was voted out of his church in November, 1862, but was reunited with it before his death in 1872. His grave may be seen in the burying ground adjoining the white, turreted church situated on his Donation Land Claim. The West Union Baptist Church is the oldest Baptist Church west of the Rocky Mountains and one of the oldest Protestant buildings still standing in Oregon. The Minute Book records the appointment of three committees to locate a site for a Meeting House, but it was not until David Lenox offered a portion of his land on April 9, 1855, that any progress was made toward the erection of the church. The Reverend Ezra Fisher, who was sent to Oregon by the American Baptist Home Mission Board in 1845, delivered the sermon of dedication on Christmas Day, 1853. The West Union Baptist Church is the only pioneer church in Oregon, measured, blueprinted, and photographed in the Historic American Buildings survey in 1934. This project was carried out by the Civil Works Administration in cooperation with the National Parks Service of Plans and Designs within the Department of the Interior throughout the United States. It was a depression measure that offered employment to architects and secured records of great value pertinent to early American architecture. Thirty-nine districts for research were designated. Oregon and Washington were âDistrict 39.â The Oregon members of this district committee were Walter Church, architect, Portland; Nellie B. Pipes, librarian of the Oregon Historical Society, and W. R. B. Wilcox, Dean of the Department of Architecture of the University of Oregon. They employed twenty architects and two photographers. On the closing date of the project, April 28, 1934, forty-seven structures in Oregon and seven in Washington had been studied, delineated and photographed. A list of these buildings may be found in the Oregon Historical Quarterly for June, 1934. Photographs and facsimiles of the blueprints may be inspected at the Oregon Historical Society Library in Portland or purchased through the National Archives in Washington, D. C. Old College Hall _Irene S. Story_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] According to the caption on the bronze marker placed by the Multnomah Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution on May 12, 1939, âCollege Hall (is) the oldest building in continuous use for Educational purposes west of the Rocky Mountains. Here were educated men and women who have won recognition throughout the world in all the learned profession.â In this building Tualatin Academy developed into what is now Pacific University. When the Academy was chartered in 1849, the classes met in the log cabin erected for the Congregational Church in West Tualatin Plains, now Forest Grove. But in 1850 the board of trustees authorized the erection of a two-story frame building. Here are the words of one of the students, Marcus W. Walker, concerning the âraisingâ: âIt was in 1850 but in the early summer and never did a brighter sun shine through, a bluer sky or more brilliant green bedeck forest and grove and plain than did those in which boys reveled during those days in which the frame of the old Academy building was placed in position. âAll spring, men and teams had been hewing out and hauling timbers while other men under the oversight of âSquire Tuttle,â as he was familiarly called, had been framing them and now they were ready to be put together. It was yet in the days of log houses and âbee-raisingsâ and notices and invitations had been sent out naming the day when everything would be ready. Men with families came from other neighborhoods in white-covered ox wagons, camping out for the time, and the affair greatly resembled the old-fashioned camp meeting. Tables were set in the old log building, partly school house, partly church, which has passed into history as the birthplace of Tualatin Academy and Pacific University, where bountiful dinners were provided by the women for the men at work. This department being under the energetic oversight of âGrandma Brownâ with her somewhat stern face and dignified bearing, but we knew that behind them lay the kindest heart that ever befriended a homeless orphan whose name is, if possible, more intimately associated with the history of this institution than that of Rev. Harvey Clark, its founder and patron. âSquire Tuttle gave the signal, âHe-oh-heaveâ and up it went and settled into place. Money was scarce in those days and houses were built in a hurry so a winter and a summer passed away before even one room was ready. It was a frosty morning in October 1851 when 25 or 30 of us gathered in the lower north room and school began with J. M. Keeler on the platform. The fresh ceiling on the walls and overhead, the large new blackboard, the new double desks, homemade as they were, all combined to make it a veritable palace, used as we were to the rough log walls of the old building with its rough benches and long shelf running around the sides for desks.â The building cost about $7,000 and the trustees were $2,000 in debt. The Rev. Harvey Clark gave 200 acres of land at first; this plot of ground was divided into lots and many of them were sold to help pay for the building. Later he gave more land for the same purpose. Tabitha Brown mentions in a letter that she gave $100, a big sum in those days, especially for a woman of 69 or 70 years of age earning her own money. Mrs. Mary Walker, wife of Rev. Elkanah Walker, gave her watch which was sold and the sale price added. Others gave generously also and the Society for the Promotion of College and Theological Education in the East contributed to the upkeep of the Academy. In 1854, the Territorial Legislature granted a new charter with full collegiate privileges to âTualatin Academy and Pacific University.â General Joel Palmer Home _Carl H. Francis_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] The impressive home of General Joel Palmer, with its stately columns, catches the eye and excites the curiosity. In Daytonâs City Park one of the few authentic blockhouses remaining, compels attention, and each year thousands of tourists read that it stands as a memorial to General Palmer; out of the dusty past ride the well-known figures of Sheridan, Grant, Russell (who died at the Battle of Winchester), Wheeler, (both of the Confederacy in the War between the States and of the Union in the Spanish-American War), all identified with the historic blockhouse. But no note is made of the regal structure which views the passing parade from its vantage point of the State Highway which traverses the small town; and history has itself passed by one of the most colorful persons who helped hammer out the destiny of Oregon. Let us look first for a moment to this manâa man who shaped the future, first of the Indians who occupied the land, and then of his fellow countrymen. As Superintendent of Indian Affairs, he negotiated the treaties whereby the red man ceded title to the Oregon Country; these were ratified by the United States Senate and became the law of the land. Because of his humanitarian attitude toward the Indians, Palmer was the victim of unfair criticism. But when the Whitman massacre resulted in the Cayuse Indian War, Palmer readily took the field against the errant, and it was in this War that his title of âGeneralâ was obtained. Yet all the while, he served his fellow countrymen in numerous ways. In Indiana he had been a member of the legislature before his first trip to Oregon in 1845. As Faith Holdredge Watts says, he was then âon a journey of exploration, to test the feasibility of taking his family out later and establishing a permanent home there.â He was immediately elected captain of one company and in the fall of that year with Sam Barlow established what is now known as the âBarlow Trailââa portent perhaps of how perverse history would refuse to recognize this leader, and give its laurels to another. Palmer then platted the Town of Dayton in 1850, setting aside the City Park as a âCourt House Squareâ and the Brookside Cemetery in which he was later buried. His picture, in the Oregon State Capitol, looks down upon each Speaker of the Oregon Legislature, for he was the second Speaker of the Assemblyâbut again, perverse history dismisses him with a reference to a âJoeâ Palmer; he was a State Senator, refused to run as a candidate for the United States Senate while in government employment, but in 1870, was the candidate of the burgeoning Republican Party for Governor, being defeated by less than 700 votes. He was characterized as a âman of honesty and integrity.â This was the man who built the house. The house itself has been rebuilt, added to, and a part destroyed. Gertrude Palmer, granddaughter of the General, lives today in Lafayette, Oregon, and her mind leaps quickly back to the olden days; she recalls as a small child holding her grandmotherâs hand while the original structure (one story and attic, with a double fireplace) was demolished. In the 1860âs, Palmer built an additional part which was remodeled in 1911, giving the present structure a âsouthern plantationâ look. Palmerâs original Dayton home was Dutch Colonial. He was a âbound boyâ in his youth; with no formal education, he struggled to achieve the recognition he received. The house would reflect his personality. To this home, says his granddaughter, came orphansâand one sees here his hope that they be spared the rigors of his own youth. One of these, Christopher Taylor, drove the wagon train that brought Palmerâs wife to Oregon. Christopher Taylor was from Dayton, Ohio; and so the Oregon counterpart came to be named. Palmer, although a distinguished leader in the pioneer community of Oregon, was apparently not fully aware of Oregonâs rainfall when he built his home. To the Civil-war period portion of his house (and incidentally, as a Republican leader he was strongly pro-Union), he dug a deep-bricked cellar, which filled with water during the winter months. Gertrude Palmer reminisces that when it so filled, âWe used to get our shingle boats and play in the cellar.â This pastime became denied to juveniles with the 1911 remodelling. George Fox College _Mercedes J. Paul_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] Ten years after William Hobson settled near the site of Newberg in 1875, the Friends had opened an academy for their children, the first Quaker school in Oregon and the forerunner of Pacific College, now George Fox. In 1883 the pioneer Quaker parents, feeling the need of education for their children beyond that offered in the Oregon public schools, brought the subject of building an academy before the Monthly Meeting. Mary Edwards, Dr. Elias Jessup, David Wood, and Ezra Woodward were appointed to investigate. By September, 1883, the committee reported $1,865 secured in good notes and that the subscribers had met and decided to call the school, Friends Pacific Academy. C. J. Edwards recalled the establishment of the academy vividly. âOne evening in the spring of 1884, as I was returning from school, I noticed that someone had cut a wide swath of wheat down along the west side of our garden and that several loads of lumber had been hauled to the place where the Friends Church now stands.... My father said he was very much dissatisfied with having to sell some of the land in the center of his farm for an academy building but that he was so anxious to have the privileges of the school for his family that he had consented to its erection near the center of the 80-acre field on the spot where the Friends Church now stands.â On September 28, 1885, Friends Pacific Academy, a school of high school rank, opened its doors. Dr. Jessup had hauled the first load of lumber with a mule team for the building, and Noah Heater and Charles Vaughn had contracted for the carpenter work. The first academy building was moved in 1892 to the present campus where it became known as Hoover Hall in 1932 and was used as a menâs dormitory for twenty years. The architects declared it was suffering from âextreme fatigue,â and it was torn down in 1954, destroying a wall on which tradition says Herbert Hoover signed his name âBertie.â The senior rose garden marks the site of the historic academy building. Among the first to enroll on opening day was Bert Hoover, later thirty-first president of the United States. Then eleven years old, he was living with his uncle, Dr. Henry Minthorn, Pacificâs principal. On the collegeâs fiftieth anniversary Mr. Hoover was granted Pacificâs first honorary degree and his fiftieth. When the academy opened, there were two of senior rank, eleven in the first year, twelve in the second, and thirty-four in the first year of the grammar department. There were two teachers besides Dr. Minthorn. Six years later there were 125 students attending classes, and one had graduated. The Quakers were now confronted with the problem of providing further education for their children, and, since the nearest Quaker college was in Iowa, they decided to start their own. Pacific College opened its doors on September 9, 1891, with Dr. Thomas Newlin as president. There were six other instructors. The collegeâs aim was that of âoffering to young men and women the benefits of a liberal Christian education.â Two juniors, four sophomores, and seven deficient in preparatory work were enrolled in the college; and 136, in the academy. Pacificâs first graduates were Clarence J. Edwards, son of Jessee Edwards, in whose wheatfield the academy had been built; and Amon C. Stanbrough, an early superintendent of Newberg schools. In 1949-50, final action was taken to change the name of Pacific College to George Fox. It was felt that the increasing confusion of Pacific College with Pacific University at Forest Grove and the use of Pacific in the names of other schools on the Pacific coast made such a change imperative. There are few colleges that send a larger proportion of their graduates into the so-called sacrificial fields, as teachers, preachers, or missionaries. George Fox, the fifth oldest Quaker college in the United States, emphasizes constantly the ideal of service rather than selfishness, and of character as well as scholarship. Belleque House _Helen E. Austin_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] George W. Eberhard, at the age of 22, arrived at San Francisco by way of Panama from the State of Michigan. He remained in California for five years and came to Oregon by boat in 1859. The following year he bought 320 acres of the Pierre Belleque farm above Champoeg. At that time only 60 acres were cleared. He paid $1,500 for this land which had been farmed by the Belleque family over 25 years. Because of technical regulations in the Land Grant laws, no clear title had been issued, and it was 28 years before Mr. Eberhard was able to secure his official title. This farm belongs to the very earliest period of Oregon history, having been the location of one of the first fur-trading posts in the entire Northwest Country. It was established by members of the Astor expedition in 1812, and when the Hudsonâs Bay Company came to this Western Empire a decade later, they took charge and maintained it as a supply depot and relay farm for brigades going to the Umpqua and country to the south. It is in the big bend of the Willamette River in Marion County, located two miles west of Champoeg on the river road to Newberg. Highway 219 to the new bridge is the west boundary of the original farm. A historical marker has been erected near the bridge. Pierre Belleque, who came with the Northwest Fur Company from Canada, settled here in 1831 to develop a farm and home and raise a family, along with other retired fur company men. His neighbor to the west was Etienne Lucier. Here they became prominent in the early history and development of the Northwest Country, long before the wagon trains began to roll over the Oregon trail. It was the house of Belleque which had been the chief traderâs house, built in the French style, having lapped siding; and dressed lumber was used for finishing. The house had been lined with flowered glazed chintz, a piece of which is still preserved. An outstanding feature was the glass in French-style windows, while the usual log cabins with parchment windows and rough lumber comprised the homes of his neighbors. Mr. Eberhard, a bachelor, was living here when the flood of 1861 destroyed so many homes and towns along the Willamette. He saved it from going down to destruction in the swirling waters and anchored it on a higher bench of land. Here he brought his bride, Louisa J. Jones in 1865. Soon he began hewing the timbers and building their new home, moving into it in 1869. They used the handmade mantel from the chief traderâs house, and many of the doors and windows. To them were born six childrenâfive boys and a girl, Barbara, who married Henry J. Austin, one of the early merchants of Newberg. They had two childrenâLouise Austin of the Friendsview Manor in Newberg and George Kenneth, who with his wife still lives in this house in its park-like setting of stately old black walnut and hickory trees. This grandson was among the first to develop an extensive irrigation project. Today he operates a modern dairy. Although the house has been remodeled, much of the original handwork can be seen. The broadaxe used to fashion the beams still stands by the fireplace. The original hand-dressed flooring remains in one room nailed with handwrought iron nails. One of the original shingles, hand-split and gently tapered with plane or draw-knife, is preserved. The family has collected shards of china, pottery, old pipe stems and bowls, and various relics from the site of the old trading post, which portion of the farm was sold many years ago. To this farm belongs the honor of having reared enterprising citizens from the time Pierre Belleque was appointed as one of the first constablesâbefore the formation of our provisional governmentâto the present day, when the son of Mr. and Mrs. G. K. Austin aided in the designing of portions of our modern-day missiles. Champoeg Farm House _Henry Zorn_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] The house on Champoeg Farm was built between 1867-70, by John Hoefer and Casper Zorn. It is a combination of southern and western design, a two-story frame building, consisting of fourteen rooms. The structure has a brick pillar foundation and the pillars are covered with zinc sheeting, to protect the sills from moisture. The fir lumber used in the building was produced on the farm and wrought-iron square nails were used in the construction. In the front part of the house the lumber was planed, tongue and groove, by hand. This building was enlarged in the 1880âs to its present size. In 1896, a bell tower, on the roof at the rear of the house, was added. The bell was to call the farm hands from the field at the noon hour. In the same year, the windmill tower was built. The house was completely furnished; carpeting with large floral designs, heavy drapes, and such furniture as was in use at that period, along with many pioneer articles. The house is in the center of the Robert Newell Donation Land Claim, surrounded by about 950 acres of fertile farm and timber land. The name Champoeg Farm was registered June 9, 1913, in the Marion County Clerkâs office, Salem, Oregon. The reason for naming the farm was to give it an identity. The largest Indian village in the Willamette Valley was located here. The French Prairie was known as Champoeg Country. Champoeg District, which extended from the Willamette River to the summit of the Rocky Mountains, was named by the Provisional Government. The first flour mill of 1835, and all succeeding mills were known as the Champoeg mills. The establishment of the first American government on the Pacific Coast occurred here. The townsite of Champoeg was situated on the northwest section of the farm. There were a number of individuals who had a part in the development of the farm by ownership or otherwise, who made history by their courage and determination and who became useful members of a new state. I am mentioning the names of the most prominent: Robert Newell, Donald Manson, William Bailey, Thomas McKay, William Cannon, John Ball, William Johnson, George Laroque, John Hoefer and Casper Zorn. Personally I have owned the farm over fifty-two years. John Hoefer sailed from Europe to New Orleans; the voyage took six weeks before arriving. For two years he worked as a cabinet maker and then he came by wagon train to California and thence to Oregon by steamer, coming to the Champoeg district in 1852. After arrival, he worked as a cabinet maker and carpenter, building houses for the settlers. John Zorn, his two sons, and daughter came from Europe to New York and then to Baraboo, Wisconsin; and after a time, decided the Pacific Northwest was the place to establish their home. They went down the Mississippi River by boat to New Orleans, then by steamer to Panama, across the Isthmus, and then by steamer to California, and from there by steamer to the Oregon country, settling in the Champoeg district in 1854. John Hoefer married Anne, the daughter of John Zorn. Casper Zorn, the older of the two sons, became a partner of John Hoefer. Adam, being a boy, chored around until he became old enough to go on his own. Hoefer and Zorn ran the old tavern, where the Hudsonâs Bay Company quarters had been. They also had a bowling alley, at the townsite of Champoeg. All their property was lost during the flood of 1861. On February 3, 1862, Hoefer and Zorn bought the flour and gristmill, which had been damaged by recent flood, repaired it, and operated it for fourteen and one-half years. Then on February 24, 1866, they purchased 146 acres from Robert Newell, and the Champoeg Farm house was built on the present site. The Old Mission Hospital _Robert Moulton Gatke_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] In the late fall of 1834, under heavy rains, Jason Lee and his few co-laborers built the log cabin which was to house the Oregon Indian Mission of the Methodist Church. The crudely built cabin of twenty-by-thirty feet was on the banks of the Willamette River, about ten miles below the present city of Salem. As the mission became an Indian orphanage and school, and its mission workers and their families increased in numbers, the log cabin received additions; and a small colony of cabins serving as homes, utility buildings, and work shops grew. These buildings were swept away by the flood of 1861, almost twenty years after the mission activities had been transferred to the present site of Salem. Only one building of the old mission structures survived the flood. This was the first frame structure, built in 1838, to house the mission doctor, Elijah White; and later added to, so it could serve as the mission hospital. The site selected for the first frame structure was on higher ground, about a mile east of the mission log buildings on the river bank. The location today is on the Wheatland Ferry Road, about ten miles from Salem, on what is now (1963) known as the Mission Blueberry Farm. Oregonâs oldest frame house is privately owned and occupied, as it has been during most of its century and a quarter of history. When the Old Hospital was first known to the writer, about 1920, it was called the Beersâ house because of its long ownership by the Alanson Beers family. This mission family had originally acquired it from the Oregon Mission, when it closed its Indian Mission in 1844. At the time I first visited the house it was unoccupied and showed considerable neglect. In the years since, it has passed through a succession of owners, most of whom have appreciated its historic significance and kept it in fine repair. With the arrival of the first reinforcement of mission workers, including the first physician, Dr. White, in 1837, and others in 1838, the living conditions in the old mission quarters were impossibly crowded. In a book published in 1848, based on Dr. Elijah Whiteâs source materials, the writer says: âThere was some difficulty in accommodating the new comers, but they were obliged to enter the house with the old inmates, already numerous.... (This) made Mrs. White anxious to remove to their own house, which they did in a few days although it was not fit condition for inhabitants. There was no chimney in it, and but roof enough to cover a bed; a few loose boards for a floor, and one side entirely unenclosed.â The house was completed as soon as possible. But as there was no suitable stone at hand for the hearth, it was made of clay and ashes âwhich after drying, became measurably though not perfectly hardened. But one of Mrs. Whiteâs greatest domestic privations was that she could never wash her hearth.â When the mission carpenters, under W. H. Willson, finished the house, and Mrs. White was settled, she made it a home which won praise from the wife of the Fort Vancouver chaplain, the Rev. Herbert Beaver, when she and her husband visited the Whites. âThey were much pleased with everything around them, especially the indoor arrangements. âWhy, Mrs. White,â said Mrs. Beaver âhow nice this is; it looks as though a white womanâs hands had been here. This is the first white womanâs house I have been in since my arrival in this country.ââ Many visitors besides the Beavers stayed at the White home, including Dr. Marcus Whitman, from the American Board Missions; Dr. McLoughlin, and visiting missionaries from the Hawaiian Islands. From the size of the retinue which accompanied Dr. and Mrs. McLoughlin, and the description of their camping equipment, it must have been that they camped near the house while they visited, as the party could never have been housed under its roof. We have a description of the Mission Hospital, as it was some years after Dr. Whiteâs occupancy, from Lt. Charles Wilkes, a United States government exploring agent, who visited the Willamette Valley in June 1841. âWe rode on to the log houses which the Messrs. Lee built when they first settled here. In the neighborhood are the wheelwrightâs and blacksmithâs, together with their workshops, belonging to the mission, and about a mile to the east, the hospital, built by Dr. White, who was formerly attached to the mission.â The History of Wheatland Ferry _Mrs. Ross Rogers_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] Wheatland Ferry crossed the Willamette River at a very historical pioneer spot. Jason Lee chose the location for the first Methodist Mission of the valley, a short distance south of the village of Wheatland on the east side of the river. There were no roads, so traveling was by water or horse-back, and the first river crossings were in Indian canoes, with often a horse swimming behind. In 1837, David Leslie came to help at the Mission, bringing his wife and three daughters. They lived in a log cabin on the west side of the river and crossed to the Mission. By 1840 two more daughters were born. They were the first white children born in Yamhill County. In 1843, Daniel Matheny crossed the plains and took up a donation land claim reaching the river at Wheatland. His family operated a ferry across the river for many years, beginning in flat bottom skiffs, and later with a flat boat for wagons. Here is a story of pioneer days. Mathenyâs oldest son was told by his mother that he was too big to go to Camp Meeting without shoes, so he would have to stay home. This was a sad situation as Camp Meeting was the social event of the year. An Indian woman came to the river and signaled for him to come over to take her across. When he reached her he saw her moccasins and began to bargain for them. At first she shook her head, and he began to empty his pockets. At last she consented and he ran home waving his moccasins. The land around Wheatland was settled rapidly in the 1840âs, and as wheat was the main export, a warehouse and boat landing were built a quarter of a mile south of the ferry by Miles Hendrick. Wheat was raised on both sides of the river. There is no high ground on the east side of the Willamette river for buildings or boat landings. The first warehouse was built a mile south of Wheatland on a bluff near the west bank of the Willamette river. It went out in the 1890 flood. The other one was built about a quarter of a mile north of Wheatland. After harvest the ferry was busy bringing wheat from across the river to the warehouse to be shipped on river boats. I remember the ferry in the late 1890âs. It was a thrill to cross the river on it; but as the charge was twenty-five cents one way and forty cents round trip, we didnât cross often. As children, my cousin and I used to go down and ride across free when the ferry man was taking a wagon. He never refused us and no child drowned from the ferry at that early day. After the Matheny family moved away, the ferry was owned by John Isham, Bill Isham, Dick Wood, and Lane Davidson. While Davidson ran it, a new ferry boat was built. In the early 1930âs, Clyde Lafollette bought the ferry and built a cabin on the ferry so that his son, Clarence, could sleep there and be ready to take late travelers across. There were current boards on the ferry that made the river current help push it across. If the current wasnât strong enough, the operator had to help with his own strength. Later Mr. Lafollette put a gasoline engine on the ferry to help while the river was low in the summer time. In 1937, the communities on each side of the river, backed by Clyde Lafollette, began pressing for a free ferry supported by the two counties it connected. Yamhill and Marion counties took over the ferry that year, hiring two men to run it and keeping it open from six a.m. until five p.m. They installed a new gasoline ferry and, of course, ferry travel increased. Tom Bowden, who is still working on the ferry, began operating the gasoline ferry in 1940. Other helpers have been Roy Lafollette, George Frauendeiner, Frank Hersha, and Frankâs son, Erwin Hersha is the second operator at the present time. There have been two drownings near the ferry on the Wheatland side; Jackie Worthington in 1941 and Sonny Lindsey in 1947. Both were in their early teens and could swim a little. In 1947, a new electric ferry was built that could handle six cars at a crossing, and in the summer time it was often kept busy. In 1959, the present ferry was purchased. It is an all-steel electric one and handles six large cars. The Wheatland Ferry is one of the few remaining on the Willamette River. In crossing it, you get a wonderful view both up and down the Willamette. If you enjoy the romance of a ferry, do come and cross the Beautiful Willamette on the Wheatland Ferry. George Kirby Gay _Lenna J. Wilson_ [Illustration: Oregon Historical Society] George Kirby Gay was born in Gloucestershire, England, in 1796. Gay went to sea at a very early age as a messboy on a voyage to the South Sea Islands and other foreign ports. He left London on the whaler âKitty.â Landing in New York, he made his way westward to Missouri, where he joined the Pacific Fur Company as camp-tender. Soon he started the overland trek through the wilderness, arriving at Astoria in 1812. The following year, Gay left Astoria and for years sailed the seas to all parts of the world. After his seafaring life, he left ship at Monterey, California, and joined a trapping expedition, soon starting overland to reach the Willamette Valley and the Columbia River, knowing, however, white men might be found. He was a survivor of the Rogue River Massacre, finally arriving at Wyethâs Trading Post on Sauvies Island in August, 1835. The following year, Gay was one of twenty to make the attempt to stock the country with cattle. A goodly number of Spanish cattle were brought through and the Colony benefited by this first business venture. While driving the herd through the Siskiyou Mountains, the company was ambushed. Gay received a fearful wound from an Indianâs arrow. The Spanish cattle brought from California, enabled Gay to build herds that roamed Yamhill and Polk Counties. Now, being settled somewhat, he thought of a home in the heart of the green Willamette wilderness. He busied himself with the making of brick from the local clay. Clay dug from a nearby pit was âtramped bare-footed,â molded, and burned into brick on the place. With these first Oregon-made red brick, the first brick house west of the âRockiesâ was constructed. As a site for the brick house, Gay selected an elevated location, affording a view in all directions. A two-story home with 14-foot walls, built of brick three courses thick was built. At each end of this home was an inside fireplace two feet deep. Hand-dressed woodwork and particularly the woodwork around the fireplaces, handcarved, bore mute evidence of the taste and patience of the one who dreamed of a mansion on a hill. The south wall was designated in Oregon records as a point in the southern boundary of Yamhill County. Here was the scene of unbounded hospitality. Gay entertained officers of the U. S. Navy and all officers of the British men-of-war, who were visiting in the Columbia. This home was a resort for any and all travelers and immigrants who sought its shelter. He had many servants. During the 1840âs, this house resounded to discussions about Oregonâs provisional government. Meetings were called in March for the purpose of devising means of protection for the herds and to protect the lives of the settlers. At the March 6, 1843 meeting, Gay was chosen one of a committee of 12 to take into consideration the propriety of taking measures for the civil and military protection of the colony. It was this meeting which promoted the epochal meeting at Champoeg of May 2, 1843. For 40 years, Gay was esteemed by companions as a rollicking good fellow, whose temperament and adventures were becoming to the sailor, fur trapper, valiant Indian fighter, and frontiersman of the early 19th century. He was not a man to be trifled or fooled with, but a useful member in his communityâin short, he undertook any and all irregular sort of business, and few things with him were impossibleâall had much confidence in him. A handsome, athletic man of powerful physique, he was kind and gentle in his behavior and always good-natured. He was a fine horseman and an expert with the lasso. For years he was the wealthiest man in the Willamette Valley, outside of the Hudsonâs Bay Company. Like many of the old, generous, and hospitable pioneers, he died poorâin his own homeâa remarkable career man. The career of the intrepid George Kirby Gay ended, October 7, 1882. The Amity Church _Dr. James Matthew Alley_ [Illustration: (uncaptioned)] The Amity Church of Christ was born in a pioneer log cabin about two miles north of present-day Amity in March of 1846. This makes it the oldest Christian Church of the Disciples of Christ, west of the Rocky Mountains. Elder Amos Harvey, a pioneer of 1845, was the organizer of this congregation of thirteen charter members. In a letter to an Eastern religious journal, he tells of the humble beginning of this congregation in these simple words: âWe met, as the disciples anciently did, upon the first day of the week, to break the loaf, to implore the assistance of the Heavenly Father, and to encourage each other in the heavenly way.â Amos Harvey was born of Pennsylvania Quaker stock. The Revolutionary Battle of Brandywine was fought on his kinsmanâs land. When a young man, he married Miss Jane Ramage, a member of the Christian Church, and after their marriage he became a member of the same church. He was the organizer of Bethel College in Polk County, chartered in 1856. He had one of the first fruit nurseries in the Oregon Territory and was one of the first officers of the state horticulture society. He was one of the founders of the Republican party in the state. The second minister of the Amity Church of Christ was Glen O. Burnett, a pioneer of 1846. Soon after his arrival in the Amity area, we find him busy preaching, baptizing, marrying, and burying the citizens of this area. He performed his first marriage, shortly after his arrival in 1846, in the cabin of Joseph Watt, another pioneer of the Amity community. Elder Burnett was a hard-working circuit rider. He was a close friend of Amos Harvey, and the two of them kept the Amity church alive in its infancy. A great amount of credit goes to the laymen of the Amity church of this period. They were the real leaders of the community, and they in turn supported Harvey and Burnett with all that they had to offer in a material way, which was very little. But what they lacked in material help they made up in their faithfulness to this pioneer church. The congregation met in the homes of the members until 1849, when a log school house was built in the north end of present-day Amity. A young schoolmaster by the name of Ahio S. Watt named it Amity. And we find that Elder Glen O. Burnett âdelivered the principal address when the first school in Amity was opened in the spring of 1849.â The California gold rush took some of the members to the goldfields for a few years. The Indian and Civil wars retarded the progress of the little church. It was not until 1869 or 1870 that it had its first building. The ground for this building was given by Enos Williams, who also gave the village square in front of the church to the children of Amity in perpetuity. The building was erected by a pioneer carpenter, Charles Burch. This building served the congregation until 1912, when the present church building was erected seventy-five feet west of the original structure. The old building was moved to another part of town and is still used for church purposes by another religious communion. Enos Williams, William Buffum, and Robert Lancefield were charter members of this church. They were leaders in the community, school, and church life of this period. These laymen did not confine their good work to the Amity area alone. When circuit riders Harvey and Burnett founded Bethel College in Polk County, they sent their children to its high school department and college classes, or supported it with financial help. The pioneer Amity Church of Christ is not a story about a wooden building as much as it is a story of great men, both its ministers and its laymenâmen who were willing to sacrifice for their faith. The church at one time was in grave financial difficulty. There was a possibility of losing its building. A member, Heber Martin, then past seventy years of age, went to the bank and offered to mortgage his farm to save the church building from a mortgage foreclosure. Happily, this manâs faith aroused the community and the property was saved. Bethel College _Dr. James Matthew Alley_ [Illustration: Oregon Historical Society] In the figures of the 1850
{'title': 'Oregon Historic Landmarks: Willamette Valley', 'source': 'Project Gutenberg', 'lang': 'en'}