                                   UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                                   FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

                                                          )
MEIXING REN, et al.                                       )
                                                          )
                 Plaintiffs,                              )
                                                          )
        v.                                                )         Civil Action No. 13-cv-1110 (TSC)
                                                          )
                                                          )
PHOENIX SATELLITE                                         )
TELEVISION (US), INC.,                                    )
                                                          )
                 Defendant.                               )
                                                          )

                                MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

         Presently before the court is Defendant’s motion for an order compelling Plaintiffs to submit

to a mental examination by Defendant’s expert Dr. Mark Mills pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 35. (ECF

No. 61). Plaintiffs concede that a mental examination is proper under the circumstances here, but

seek to have the court impose certain conditions on the examination. Specifically, Plaintiffs seek:

    •    Permission to have Plaintiffs’ counsel present at the site of the examination (but outside the
         room where the actual examination will take place); 1

    •    Limitation on the duration of the examination; and

    •    Disclosure of the particular tests, or the universe of potential tests, to be administered to the
         Plaintiffs.




1
  Alternatively, Plaintiffs initially suggested creation of an audio or video recording of the examinations. (Def Mot. Ex.
E). They appear to have withdrawn that request in light of the court’s observations during the March 5, 2015 hearing
that the court was not inclined to permit recording of the examination. The court’s analysis below concerning the
presence of attorneys in the examination would have applied equally to the recording request which appears to have
been withdrawn.
                                                              1
       The court preliminarily addressed these requested conditions at a hearing in this matter held

on May 5, 2015. There the court expressed its skepticism that Plaintiffs would prevail in their first

two demands, but permitted briefing on all of the issues. Plaintiffs have submitted their opposition

(ECF No. 65), and, at the hearing, Defendant elected not to seek an opportunity to reply.

       Courts generally do not permit attorneys or other experts to be present during an

examination. Abdulwali v. Wash. Metro Area Transit Auth., 193 F.RD. 10, 13 (D.D.C. 2000) (“the

greater weight of authority favors the exclusion of the Plaintiff’s attorney from the conduct of a

Rule 35 examination”). Similarly, the typical procedure is not to create a recording of the

examination. Miles v. Univ. of the Dist. of Columbia, No. 12-cv-378, 2014 WL 2142458, at *2

(D.D.C. May 2, 2014); Lerer v. Ferno-Washington, Inc., No. 06-cv-81031, 2007 WL 3513189, at

*1 (S.D. Fla. Nov. 14, 2007) (“Rule 35 and the adversary process provide other safeguards for

plaintiffs who submit to Rule 35 examinations. Plaintiffs receive a Rule 35 examination report and

then have the opportunity to depose the physician, cross-examine him or her, and introduce contrary

expert evidence”). Both of these general rules give way to exceptions upon a showing of specific

need. See, e.g., Convertino v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 669 F. Supp. 2d 8, 11 (D.D.C. 2009)

(permitting videotape recording of examination when requested by the examining doctor); Tarte v.

United States, 249 F.R.D. 856, 859 (S.D. Fla. 2008) (“the party seeking to have the observer present

bears the burden of demonstrating ‘good cause’ for the request”); Doe v. District of Columbia, No.

03-cv-1789, 2005 WL 3828731, at *1 (D.D.C. Aug. 15, 2005) (permitting videotape of medical

examination of ten-year old plaintiff who was alleged victim of sexual abuse to ensure the

examination “is performed tactfully and properly, and it will serve as an accurate record of the

examination.”).


                                                  2
       Plaintiffs, based on the affidavit of their expert, assert that a psychiatric evaluation by an

agent of Plaintiffs’ former employer carries a risk of “re-traumatization.” (Pls. Opp’n at 8). They

further assert that the presence of counsel at (but not in) the examination “will protect against actual

or perceived abuses of Plaintiffs during the examination” and will also “promote the resolution of

any language-based misunderstandings that may arise during the course of the examinations and

thereby ensure a more accurate record of the examinations.” (Id. at 9). These concerns are

heightened not only due to a language barrier but also a cultural barrier: Plaintiffs are unaccustomed

to “American-style psychological examinations and procedures.” (Id. at 3).

       Plaintiffs’ arguments in support of the presence of counsel do not carry Plaintiffs’ burden in

overcoming the general rule. The purpose of Rule 35 examinations is to “level the playing field”

for the parties. Simpson v. Univ. of Colo., 220 F.R.D. 354, 363 (D. Colo. 2004). Given this

purpose, the primary flaw with Plaintiffs’ arguments is that they apply with equal force to the

examination already conducted by Plaintiffs’ own expert. To the extent the Plaintiffs encounter

difficulty expressing themselves in English, or overcoming a cultural barrier regarding the open and

honest sharing of emotions, those difficulties inevitably arose during the examination conducted by

Plaintiffs’ expert. There were likely distortions in translations between Plaintiffs and their expert,

just as Plaintiffs assume there will be between Plaintiffs and Defendant’s expert. The remedy for

those distortions is through thorough examination of the expert at deposition or trial, not the

presence of a third party sitting outside the door. The court is confident that Defendant’s expert Dr.

Mills, who has practiced medicine for nearly 40 years and has completed “thousands of clinical

psychiatric evaluations,” (Mills Aff. ¶ 2 & Ex. A), is more than capable of conducting an

examination in a manner that is appropriate to the particular mental health needs of the Plaintiffs


                                                   3
(even more so now that Defendant is on notice of Plaintiffs’ particular concerns). In addition, the

court notes that since all parties agree that breaks will be appropriate and necessary during the

lengthy examination, Plaintiffs’ counsel would still have the opportunity to converse with their

clients even if they remain outside the examination room.

           Plaintiffs oppose the Defendant’s request for each examination to last from six to eight

hours (Mills Aff. ¶ 10) and indicate that their expert examined each Plaintiff for 2 hours. (Pls.

Opp’n at 7). Courts are skeptical of requests to limit the length of an examination, particularly

where the examiner (to whose expertise the court generally defers) has stated that any such

limitation will impede the examination. Abdulwali, 193 F.R.D. at 15; Ornelas v. S. Tire Mart, LLC,

292 F.R.D. 388, 399 (S.D. Tex. 2013); Simpson, 220 F.R.D. at 363 (“The court is not qualified, by

training or experience, to second-guess the professional judgment of a board-certified psychiatrist

with 15 years of experience”). Although the court is similarly uneasy about dictating to a medical

expert the proper way to conduct an examination, the large gap between the time taken by

Plaintiffs’ expert to conduct his examination and the time requested by Defendant’s expert (6-8

hours) does give the court pause. Because the court will require additional information about the

proposed examination, see infra, it defers a final ruling on whether any time limitations should be

imposed.

           Finally, Plaintiffs demand that their counsel be informed of the potential universe of tests

Dr. Mills may utilize in his examination. 2 The Court in Ornelas noted a divide between some

courts which “find it appropriate to generically order ‘routine procedures” be performed,” and those

which order the examiner to submit “a list of those potential tests that will comprise the universe of



2
    Plaintiffs have agreed their counsel will not share this information with Plaintiffs themselves. (Pls. Opp’n at 6-7).
                                                               4
tests that the examining physicians intend to conduct.” 292 F.R.D. 398-99. Most cases that

examine the particular procedures to be performed relate to medical, not psychological,

examinations. Tarte, 249 F.R.D. at 860 (considering whether x-rays, MRIs and medical history are

within scope of Rule 35); Calderon v. Reederei Claus-Peter Offen GmBH & Co., 258 F.R.D. 523,

529 (S.D. Fla. 2009) (declining to restrict examiner from conducting any “painful or invasive

procedure”). Ornelas appears to be relatively unique in requiring a catalogue of tests the mental

examiner might possibly conduct; the majority of cases defer to the expertise of the examiner and

permit “routine” examinations. See, e.g., Lahr v. Fulbright & Jaworski, LLP, 164 F.R.D. 196, 202

(N.D. Tex. 1995) (rejecting plaintiff’s challenge to requested examination as overly broad where

examiner submitted affidavit attesting to the reasonableness and necessity of the tests to be

conducted without specifying particular tests); Nyfield v. Virgin Islands Tel. Corp., No. 99-202,

2001 WL 378858, at *3 (D.V.I. Apr. 17, 2001) (limiting scope of examination to “procedures and

testing relevant to Plaintiff's assertion that his damages include mental anguish, pain and suffering,

and loss of enjoyment of life including future damage therefrom”). Plaintiffs cited Abdulwali, 193
F.R.D. at 15, as another case which permitted a psychiatric evaluation “only because the moving

party provided a description of the examination the expert intended to perform.” (Pls. Opp’n at 5).

While Plaintiffs have accurately cited the holding of the Abdulwali case, that case does not support

Plaintiffs’ apparent demand for a detailed description of the proposed examination. Abdulwali

involved a claim for, inter alia, negligent infliction of mental anguish brought by the mother of a

child who was killed in a Metro train accident. 193 F.R.D. at 12. Magistrate Judge Robinson

considered and denied a request by the plaintiff to preclude the examiner from “asking any

questions concerning the accident and restrict[ing] his examination to prior and subsequent medical


                                                   5
history,” to limit the examination to “interview only” and to exclude completion of any “form,

questionnaire or interrogatory.” Id. at 14. The court found that none of the requested limitations

was necessary because the proposed examination was within the customary bounds of a psychiatric

examination, as described by the examining expert:

       A psychiatric evaluation consists of review of all relevant records and documents;
       gathering of past history including medical history; assessment of present illness
       to include inquiry into feelings and relationships; formal mental status
       examination; and formulation of a diagnosis. Psychological testing is not
       routinely performed.

Id. at 15. Here, Dr. Mills states only that he will “conduct an interview of each subject

and…administer only those tests that are necessary” to ascertain the existence and/or extent of any

emotional distress. (Mills Aff. ¶ 7). This falls short of even the general description of the

examination proffered in Abdulwali. Plaintiffs’ counsel and the court are entitled to a better sense

of how Dr. Mills intends to conduct his examination. It need not be so specific as to be a catalogue

of every possible diagnostic test Dr. Mills intends to use, but it should educate the Plaintiffs and the

court as to the sort of examination Dr. Mills expects to conduct.

       Accordingly, it is hereby ORDERED that Defendant shall submit, by Friday May 15, 2015,

a statement providing the court with more information about the proposed examination. This

statement should not exceed two pages. Plaintiffs may file a 2-page reply no later than Tuesday,

May 19, 2015. These submissions may be made under seal, and Plaintiffs’ counsel shall not share

the contents of the submission with Plaintiffs unless and until ordered to do so by the court. If

either party’s position concerning the appropriate length of the examination changes in light of

Defendant’s submission, that party’s submission should inform the court of the change.

       When Defendant supplements its description of its proposed examination, Defendant shall

also provide mutually agreed dates and times for each examination or, if such specificity is not
                                                 6
possible, a mutually-agreed range of dates in which the examinations will occur. The parties shall

endeavor to reach agreement as to dates notwithstanding any ongoing opposition the Plaintiffs

maintain as to the examinations themselves.

Date: May 12, 2015


                                              Tanya S. Chutkan
                                              TANYA S. CHUTKAN
                                              United States District Judge




                                                  7
