          IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA


                                September 2014 Term
                                                                FILED
                                                            November 3, 2014
                                                              released at 3:00 p.m.
                                                              RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                    No. 13-0837             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                OF WEST VIRGINIA




                STEVEN O. DALE, ACTING COMMISSIONER,

               WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES,

                        Respondent Below, Petitioner


                                          v.

                              JIMMIE J. SIZEMORE II,
                             Petitioner Below, Respondent



                  Appeal from the Circuit Court of Kanawha County

                        Honorable Jennifer F. Bailey, Judge

                           Civil Action No. 11-MISC-153


                                    REVERSED



                             Submitted: October 14, 2014
                              Filed: November 3, 2014



Patrick Morrisey, Esq.                              Michael K. Wallace, Esq.
Attorney General                                    South Charleston, West Virginia
Elaine L. Skorich, Esq.                             Attorney for Respondent
Assistant Attorney General
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorneys for Petitioner


JUSTICE LOUGHRY delivered the Opinion of the Court.
                             SYLLABUS BY THE COURT


              1. “The standard of appellate review of a circuit court’s order granting relief

through the extraordinary writ of prohibition is de novo.” Syl. Pt. 1, Martin v. W.Va. Div. of

Labor Contracting Licensing Bd., 199 W.Va. 613, 486 S.E.2d 782 (1997).



              2. “Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 17C-5A-2(c) (2008), the Commissioner

of the DMV has authority to continue an administrative license revocation hearing on his or

her own motion when an investigative officer, despite a validly issued subpoena, fails to

appear at the hearing and fails to seek an emergency continuance. Good cause for the

continuance exists by virtue of the statutory duty imposed on the Commissioner to secure the

officer’s attendance at the hearing under West Virginia Code § 17C-5A-2(d) (2008) once the

licensee has specifically requested the officer’s attendance at the revocation proceeding.”

Syl. Pt. 2, Miller v. Hare, 227 W.Va. 337, 708 S.E.2d 531 (2011).



              3. “‘Prohibition lies only to restrain inferior courts from proceeding[] in causes

over which they have no jurisdiction, or, in which, having jurisdiction, they are exceeding

their legitimate powers, and may not be used as a substitute for [a petition for appeal] or

certiorari.’ Syl. Pt. 1, Crawford v. Taylor, 138 W.Va. 207, 75 S.E.2d 370 (1953).” Syl. Pt.

3, State ex rel. Hoover v. Berger, 199 W.Va. 12, 483 S.E.2d 12 (1996).
LOUGHRY, Justice

              The petitioner, Steven O. Dale, Acting Commissioner of the West Virginia

Division of Motor Vehicles (“Commissioner”), appeals the October 3, 2013, order of the

Circuit Court of Kanawha County granting a writ of prohibition requested by the respondent,

Jimmie J. Sizemore II. Through that order, the circuit court prohibited the Commissioner

from conducting a second day of an administrative hearing regarding the revocation of Mr.

Sizemore’s driver’s license.



              Upon consideration of the parties’ briefs and arguments, the appendix record

submitted on appeal, and the pertinent legal authorities, including Miller v. Hare, 227 W.Va.

337, 708 S.E.2d 531 (2011), we conclude that the Commissioner had the authority to

schedule and conduct a second day of the administrative hearing. Accordingly, we reverse

the circuit court’s October 3, 2013, prohibition order.



                        I. Factual and Procedural Background

              On February 24, 2009, Mr. Sizemore was arrested for first offense driving

under the influence of alcohol (“DUI”). The arresting officer, Sergeant R. L. Foster of the

Nitro Police Department, completed and forwarded a West Virginia DUI Information Sheet

to the Division of Motor Vehicles (“DMV”). On March 26, 2009, the Commissioner entered

an initial order revoking Mr. Sizemore’s driver’s license on the grounds of DUI and refusal


                                             1

to submit to a secondary chemical breath test. See W.Va. Code § 17C-5A-1 (2008)

(providing for license revocation for DUI or refusal to submit to secondary chemical test);

W.Va. Code § 17C-5-7 (2008) (providing for license revocation for refusal to submit to

secondary chemical test). Mr. Sizemore timely requested an administrative hearing before

the DMV to challenge the initial order, thereby staying the revocation of his license.1



              When seeking the administrative hearing, Mr. Sizemore checked a box on the

DMV-provided form to indicate that he also requested the police officer’s attendance at the

hearing. In addition, Mr. Sizemore’s lawyer, Michael K. Wallace, sent a letter to the DMV

seeking the officer’s attendance at the administrative hearing for purposes of cross-

examination. The administrative hearing was initially scheduled for July 31, 2009, but was

thereafter continued on two separate fwoods@example.com. Wallace’s request. A hearing was

ultimately set for August 5, 2010.



              Complying with Mr. Sizemore’s written demands for the arresting officer’s

presence at the administrative hearing, the Commissioner issued and served a subpoena on

Sergeant Foster commanding him to appear and testify at the August 5, 2010, hearing.




       1
        Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 17C-5A-2(a) (2008), the Commissioner, upon
receipt of the timely request for an administrative hearing, was required to stay the initial
revocation order.

                                             2

However, despite the subpoena, Sergeant Foster failed to attend the hearing.2 Mr. Sizemore

declined to waive the officer’s attendance and moved for a dismissal of the revocation order

and the proceedings. The DMV hearing examiner either denied or refused to rule upon the

motion to dismiss.3 After accepting Mr. Sizemore’s testimony and evidence, the hearing

examiner adjourned, but did not conclude, the hearing.



              By notice dated November 23, 2010, the Commissioner sua sponte scheduled

the license revocation matter for a further hearing to be held on March 31, 2011. On March

30, 2011, Mr. Sizemore filed a petition for a writ of prohibition and an application for stay

in the Circuit Court of Kanawha County. Citing the arresting officer’s failure to appear on

August 5, 2010, Mr. Sizemore sought to prohibit the DMV from conducting a second day of

the hearing. Mr. Sizemore asserted that Sergeant Foster had made an untimely request for

a continuance of the August 5, 2010, hearing, which the DMV denied.4 Mr. Sizemore argued


       2
       In an internal memorandum, the DMV hearing examiner stated that he was unaware
of any continuance that may have been requested by, or granted to, Sergeant Foster.
Subsequently, the Commissioner admitted that Sergeant Foster did request a continuance of
the August 5, 2010, hearing, but that request was denied.
       3
        Because the parties did not include the entire record of the August 5, 2010, hearing
in the appendix record, we are unable to clarify the exact nature of the hearing examiner’s
ruling.
       4
       The respondent has proffered that Sergeant Foster missed the August 5, 2010, hearing
because he was on a hunting trip. During a hearing held before the circuit court on March
26, 2013, Mr. Wallace verbally proffered additional facts about the officer’s request for a
continuance. Mr. Wallace indicated that the officer telephoned the DMV prior to the hearing
                                                                              (continued...)

                                             3

that if a driver fails to attend a DMV hearing his driver’s license is automatically revoked;

therefore, it is unfair and contrary to the DMV’s rules to allow the State an additional

opportunity to present evidence when the arresting officer fails to attend.



              On the same day the petition for writ of prohibition was filed, the circuit court

issued a rule to show cause order and granted an ex parte stay of the administrative

proceedings. The Commissioner filed an answer on April 19, 2011, asserting that he had the

statutory authority to continue the administrative hearing on his own motion because the

officer failed to appear as required by the validly-issued subpoena. Nothing further occurred

in the case for twenty-two months. On January 30, 2013, the Commissioner filed a motion

to dismiss the petition for writ of prohibition on its merits and for lack of prosecution.



              During a hearing on March 26, 2013, the circuit court denied the

Commissioner’s motion to dismiss and announced that it would grant the petition for writ of

prohibition. The circuit court’s Opinion and Order Granting Writ of Prohibition and

Application for Stay, entered on October 3, 2013, prohibited the Commissioner from

conducting a second hearing. The circuit court found no rule that would allow the



       4
        (...continued)
to seek a continuance and, at the officer’s request, Mr. Wallace also telephoned the DMV to
indicate his consent to a continuance. Regardless of the circumstances of the request for
continuance, it is undisputed that the request was denied.

                                              4

Commissioner to conduct a second hearing or to reschedule a properly convened hearing.

The circuit court opined that while the Commissioner has the authority to continue a hearing

on his own motion, he “may not exercise [his] authority to deny a pre-hearing continuance

request and then, post hearing, schedule a second hearing when the first hearing does not

proceed in a manner that benefits the Commissioner.” The circuit court concluded that the

Commissioner disregarded the procedural law for DMV hearings. See Syl. Pt. 4, State ex rel.

Hoover v. Berger, 199 W.Va. 12, 483 S.E.2d 12 (1996) (setting forth factors to support

award of prohibition relief, including lower tribunal’s persistent disregard for procedural

law).5



                                  II. Standard of Review

              As we have previously recognized, “[t]he standard of appellate review of a

circuit court’s order granting relief through the extraordinary writ of prohibition is de novo.”

Syl. Pt. 1, Martin v. W.Va. Div. of Labor Contracting Licensing Bd., 199 W.Va. 613, 486
S.E.2d 782 (1997). With this standard in mind, we examine the parties’ arguments and the

appendix record before us.


         5
        There is an inconsistency between the circuit court’s decision as announced during
the March 26, 2013, hearing, and the circuit court’s October 3, 2013, written order. During
the hearing, the judge said “I am going to order that Mr. Sizemore’s licensing privileges are
restored[.]” However, the order only “prohibited [the Commissioner] from conducting a
second hearing” and did not address the ultimate issue of whether Mr. Sizemore’s license
should be revoked. Because we conclude that granting extraordinary relief was erroneous,
we need not resolve this inconsistency.

                                               5

                                       III. Discussion

              The Commissioner argues that he had the authority to adjourn the

administrative hearing and sua sponte schedule the matter for a second hearing on a later

date. As explained below, we agree.



              At the outset, we recognize that the law applicable to this license revocation

matter is the law that was in effect in 2009, when Mr. Sizemore’s alleged acts of DUI and

refusal to submit to the secondary chemical test occurred. At that time, under statutes

enacted and effective in 2008, it was the duty of the Commissioner, through his designated

hearing examiner, to hold the administrative revocation hearing and decide whether to uphold

or overturn the initial revocation order. See W.Va. Code § 17C-5A-2 (2008).6



              The law at the time of Mr. Sizemore’s arrest provided that the investigating

officer “shall not attend the [administrative] hearing” unless requested to do so by the driver

or the Commissioner, and that the DMV was “solely responsible for causing the attendance


       6
        Effective June 11, 2010, the Legislature changed the procedures by which a driver
may challenge the Commissioner’s initial revocation of a driver’s license. Instead of the
Commissioner and his designated hearing examiner holding the administrative hearing and
making the decision whether to uphold or overturn an initial revocation order, those functions
now rest with an independent hearing board, the Office of Administrative Hearings. See,
W.Va. Code § 17C-5A-2 (2013). As we recognized in Miller v. Epling, 229 W.Va. 574, 584,
729 S.E.2d 896, 906 (2012), and Miller v. Smith, 229 W.Va. 478, 482-83, 729 S.E.2d 800,
804-05 (2012), the Commissioner retained jurisdiction over all cases involving DUI incidents
that occurred prior to June 11, 2010.

                                              6

of the investigating officers.” W.Va. Code § 17C-5A-2(d) (2008). The requirements and

procedures for obtaining a continuance of an administrative hearing were set forth in

legislative rules. These rules provided that the Commissioner could grant a continuance to

the driver or the arresting officer upon good cause shown if the request for continuance was

made in writing and received by the Commissioner at least five days prior to the scheduled

hearing date. W.Va. C.S.R. §§ 91-1-3.8.1, -3.8.2 (2005). “Good cause” included serious

illness, medical appointments, court appearances, or religious holidays. Id. The rules also

specified that the Commissioner could postpone or continue a hearing on his own motion for

good cause, including the unavailability of essential personnel. W.Va. C.S.R. § 91-1-3.8.3

(2005). Finally, the Commissioner was authorized to grant an “emergency continuance” on

fewer than five days notice if there was an unexpected emergency. W.Va. C.S.R. § 91-1­

3.8.4 (2005).7


       7
           The full text of these legislative rules is as follows:

                 3.8.1. The Commissioner may grant the person requesting a
                 hearing a continuance of the scheduled hearing. The person
                 shall make the request for continuance in writing, and it must be
                 received by the Commissioner at least five (5) days prior to the
                 scheduled hearing date. The Commissioner shall grant the
                 request if good cause is shown. Good cause shall include such
                 reasons as serious illness, medical appointments, court
                 appearances, or religious holidays. In no case may the
                 Commissioner grant more than one continuance per party except
                 as provided in Subdivisions 3.8.3 and 3.8.4.

                 3.8.2.	 In DUI hearings, the Commissioner may also grant a
                                                                                     (continued...)

                                                  7

                 We discussed and applied this law in Miller v. Hare, 227 W.Va. 337, 708
S.E.2d 531 (2011), a case with facts very similar to those in the case sub judice. In Hare, the

Commissioner issued an initial revocation order stemming from an incident of DUI. The

driver requested both an administrative hearing and the arresting officer’s presence at the

hearing. The Commissioner issued a subpoena to the officer but the officer failed to appear,

so the hearing was adjourned and the Commissioner sua sponte rescheduled it for a later date.

The circuit court issued a writ of prohibition precluding the Commissioner from holding the



       7
           (...continued)
                  continuance to the arresting officer as prescribed in Subdivision
                  3.8.1.

                 3.8.3. The Commissioner may postpone or continue a hearing
                 on his or her own motion. The motion shall be for good cause
                 including, but not limited to, docket management, availability of
                 hearing examiners or other essential personnel, Division error in
                 scheduling or notice, or mechanical failure of essential
                 equipment, i.e. recording equipment, file storage equipment, etc.

                 3.8.4. The Commissioner may grant an emergency continuance
                 on less than five days notice to the person requesting the hearing
                 and also the arresting officer in a DUI hearing for unexpected
                 personal emergencies of the person, attorney, arresting officer,
                 or subpoenaed witnesses. An emergency situation requiring the
                 services of an arresting officer en route to a hearing qualifies as
                 an unexpected personal emergency.                Any emergency
                 continuance request may be made by telephone but also must be
                 submitted in writing. The written request must be received by
                 the Division no later than five (5) days after the date the hearing
                 was scheduled or the provisions of Subsection 3.7 will be
                 applied as if the party requesting the continuance failed to
                 appear.

                                                 8

second hearing, but this Court reversed the prohibition order and allowed the Commissioner

to proceed. We concluded in Hare that the Commissioner’s statutory duty to secure the

officer’s presence at the hearing upon the driver’s request provided good cause to continue

the hearing when the officer failed to appear pursuant to subpoena.

                     Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 17C-5A-2(c) (2008),
              the Commissioner of the DMV has authority to continue an
              administrative license revocation hearing on his or her own
              motion when an investigative officer, despite a validly issued
              subpoena, fails to appear at the hearing and fails to seek an
              emergency continuance. Good cause for the continuance exists
              by virtue of the statutory duty imposed on the Commissioner to
              secure the officer’s attendance at the hearing under West
              Virginia Code § 17C-5A-2(d) (2008) once the licensee has
              specifically requested the officer’s attendance at the revocation
              proceeding.

Hare, 227 W.Va. at 338, 708 S.E.2d at 532, syl. pt. 2. Importantly, in Hare, we rejected the

same arguments that Mr. Sizemore made to the circuit court regarding the alleged unfairness

of granting a continuance due to an officer’s non-appearance.8



              Mr. Sizemore argues, and the circuit court found, that Hare is distinguishable

from the instant case because Sergeant Foster requested a continuance of the administrative



       8
       Subsequent to Hare, we had another opportunity to address the ramifications under
the 2008 law of an officer’s failure to appear at a DMV hearing. In Holland v. Miller, 230
W.Va. 35, 38, 736 S.E.2d 35, 38 (2012), we concluded that the holding in Hare did not apply
when the driver had failed to request the officer’s presence at the administrative hearing.
Because Mr. Sizemore and his attorney did request Sergeant Foster’s presence at the hearing,
Holland is wholly inapposite.

                                             9

hearing, while the officer in Hare did not request a continuance. However, the critical fact

defeating this argument is that Sergeant Foster’s request for a continuance was denied by the

Commissioner. Pursuant to § 91-1-3.8.1 of the West Virginia Code of State Rules, the

Commissioner was not obligated to grant Sergeant Foster’s request.9 Because Sergeant

Foster was a subpoenaed witness for the August 5, 2010, DMV hearing, he was legally

required to attend.



                 We find that Hare is controlling and dictates the outcome of the instant appeal.

Mr. Sizemore requested the officer’s presence at the hearing and, in compliance with his

statutory duty to obtain the officer’s presence, the Commissioner issued a subpoena

commanding Sergeant Foster to appear. When the officer failed to attend the hearing despite

the validly-issued subpoena, and when Mr. Sizemore declined to waive the officer’s

presence, the Commissioner had good cause to adjourn and continue the hearing to a later

day in order to secure the officer’s testimony.10

       9
        West Virginia Code of State Rules § 91-1-3.8.1 allowed the Commissioner to grant
a continuance so long as specific conditions were met. The appendix record on appeal
contains little information about Sergeant Foster’s request for a continuance of the August
5, 2010, hearing, so we are unable to ascertain exactly why the request was denied. We note,
however, that Mr. Sizemore averred in his petition for a writ of prohibition that Sergeant
Foster’s request for a continuance was untimely made, and during the circuit court hearing,
Mr. Wallace indicated that the officer’s request was made verbally. Pursuant to the rules, a
request for a continuance had to be made in writing at least five days before the scheduled
hearing date. Id.
       10
            Although Hare, syllabus point 2, provides an exception if the investigating officer
                                                                                 (continued...)

                                                10

                 It is well-settled that “‘[p]rohibition lies only to restrain inferior courts from

proceeding[] in causes over which they have no jurisdiction, or, in which, having jurisdiction,

they are exceeding their legitimate powers, and may not be used as a substitute for [a petition

for appeal] or certiorari.’ Syl. Pt. 1, Crawford v. Taylor, 138 W.Va. 207, 75 S.E.2d 370

(1953).” Hoover, 199 W.Va. at 14, 483 S.E.2d at 14, syl. pt. 3. Because the Commissioner

acted within his legitimate powers, the circuit court erred in granting this writ of

prohibition.11



                                         IV. Conclusion

                 For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the circuit court’s prohibition order and

direct that the Commissioner may proceed with the administrative revocation matter.

Considering the passage of time, the Commissioner is instructed to conclude the

administrative matter with the utmost alacrity.

                                                                                        Reversed.




       10
         (...continued)
requests an “emergency continuance,” there is no indication that Sergeant Foster requested
an “emergency continuance” of the August 5, 2010, hearing. Pursuant to West Virginia Code
of State Rules § 91-1-3.8.4, the Commissioner could grant an “emergency continuance” for
“unexpected personal emergencies.” Assuming Sergeant Foster’s request was based on a
planned hunting trip, as the respondent has proffered, such would not constitute an
unexpected personal emergency.
       11
        Although the Commissioner raises additional assignments of error on appeal, our
holding renders it unnecessary for us to address those issues.

                                                 11
