Python Runtime Services The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an overview:  sys — System-specific parameters and functions 
sysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration information Configuration variables Installation paths Other functions Using sysconfig as a script   builtins — Built-in objects 
__main__ — Top-level code environment 
__name__ == '__main__' What is the “top-level code environment”? Idiomatic Usage Packaging Considerations   
__main__.py in Python Packages Idiomatic Usage   import __main__   
warnings — Warning control Warning Categories 
The Warnings Filter Describing Warning Filters Default Warning Filter Overriding the default filter   Temporarily Suppressing Warnings Testing Warnings Updating Code For New Versions of Dependencies Available Functions Available Context Managers   
dataclasses — Data Classes Module contents Post-init processing Class variables Init-only variables Frozen instances Inheritance Re-ordering of keyword-only parameters in __init__() Default factory functions Mutable default values Descriptor-typed fields   
contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts Utilities 
Examples and Recipes Supporting a variable number of context managers Catching exceptions from __enter__ methods Cleaning up in an __enter__ implementation Replacing any use of try-finally and flag variables Using a context manager as a function decorator   
Single use, reusable and reentrant context managers Reentrant context managers Reusable context managers     abc — Abstract Base Classes 
atexit — Exit handlers atexit Example   
traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback TracebackException Objects StackSummary Objects FrameSummary Objects Traceback Examples   __future__ — Future statement definitions gc — Garbage Collector interface 
inspect — Inspect live objects Types and members Retrieving source code Introspecting callables with the Signature object Classes and functions The interpreter stack Fetching attributes statically Current State of Generators and Coroutines Code Objects Bit Flags Command Line Interface   
site — Site-specific configuration hook Readline configuration Module contents Command Line Interface   

    
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