LOWER    Syntax LOWER(str)
 Description Returns the string str with all characters changed to lowercase according to the current character set mapping. The default is latin1 (cp1252 West European). Examples  SELECT LOWER('QUADRATICALLY');
+------------------------+
| LOWER('QUADRATICALLY') |
+------------------------+
| quadratically          |
+------------------------+

LOWER() (and UPPER()) are ineffective when applied to binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB). To perform lettercase conversion, CONVERT the string to a non-binary string: SET @str = BINARY 'North Carolina';

SELECT LOWER(@str), LOWER(CONVERT(@str USING latin1));
+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| LOWER(@str)    | LOWER(CONVERT(@str USING latin1)) |
+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| North Carolina | north carolina                    |
+----------------+-----------------------------------+
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