Title of Invention: Compositions containing plant mucilage
Abstract: A body lubricating, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory formulation utilizes a mucilage-containing extract derived from a plant such as okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus). The formulation can be provided as a free liquid such as a solution, suspension, foam, gel, cream, ointment, or spray or alternatively impregnated into an absorbent solid article such as a wipe, swab, a bandage or a gauze. Application of the formulation to a mucosal or external bodily tissue result in the application of a layer of mucilage that lubricates and moisturizes the tissue as well as protects it from external damage from foreign particles and UV irradiation. Application of the formulation to an inflamed tissue provides anti-inflammatory effects. The formulation can be impregnated into a cloth pad to provide an eyelid wipe.
Detailed Description: Part general_description_paragraphs: Part CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS: This application is a continuing application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/087,267, filed Mar. 31, 2016; which is incorporated herein by reference.
Part BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION: Part Field of the Invention: The present invention relates generally to the fields of bodily lubrication and minimization of inflammation. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a formulation comprising plant mucilage for lubricating and moisturizing bodily surfaces, both external and mucosal, and for anti-inflammation.
Part Description of the Related Art: Lubrication plays vital roles in the healthy maintenance of numerous bodily functions. The specific roles vary by the bodily tissue in question.
Tears act as a lubricant for the eyes. Normal ocular function is depending on a clear and smooth layer of tears to support critical ocular surface functions. Tears coat the corneal and conjunctival epithelium to prevent the cells from drying out like those of the skin epithelium, which is a composed of dead cells. With each blink, the tears reduce surface abrasive effect between the eyelid and the corneal surface. The lack of lubrication on the eyes can lead to symptoms of irritation, scratchiness, dryness, and redness. It can also produce scarring, pain, and permanent vision loss.
Saliva is a viscous fluid that acts as the natural lubricant for the mouth. It coats the teeth to prevent tooth decay. It keeps the mouth moist and hydrates food for chewing. The lack of saliva leads to chronic teeth decay, bad breath, swallowing difficulty, and infections.
Even though skin is composed of a layer of dead epithelial cells, lubrication is still needed to maintain the integrity and pliability of the skin. The loss of skin moisture leads to dry, cracked, and flaky skin that increases the risk for infection, bleeding, and pain.
The outer walls of the vagina are coated with a layer of moisture for surface protection, which functions as a natural lubricant for sexual activity and as a barrier to infection and inflammation. The lack of vaginal lubrication can lead to urinary infections, painful intercourse, bleeding, and pain. Lubrication of the rectum performs similar roles.
Mucilage is a viscous gel-like liquid produced by most plants and certain microorganisms. Mucilage is made up of a combination of polysaccharides and proteins. Plants utilize mucilage in diverse life processes such as water storage and seed germination. Individual species of plants vary in the amount of mucilage produced thereby. Examples of plants containing especially high levels of mucilage include various cacti, kelp, various carnivorous plants, mallows, marshmallows, liquorice root, Psyllium, slippery elm bark, and okra, among others.
Okra is a member of the mallow family commonly known for its edible pods rich in mucilage. The current official taxonomic name for okra is Abelmoschus esculentus. The Abelmoschus genus comprises fifteen species of the mallow family, which were formerly classified within the Hibiscus genus. Under the old classification scheme, okra was known as Hibiscus esculentus, and this old name is still in common usage. Older classification names for okra from other classification systems include Abelmoschus bammia; Abelmoschus longifolius; Abelmoschus officinalis; Abelmoschus praecox; Abelmoschus tuberculatus; Hibiscus hispidissimus; Hibiscus longifolius; and, Hibiscus praecox. 
The use of okra mucilage as a lubricant for mechanical purposes is known in the previous art. Related U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,963 (O'Bryant, Organic Lubricant, Dec. 22, 1998) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,248 (O'Bryant, et al., Organic Lubricants and Coolants, Sep. 26, 2000) provide biodegradable industrial and machining lubricants and coolants derived from mucilage and mucilage extracts. In one embodiment, the mucilage extract is derived from okra, especially okra pods.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,374 (Alcantar, et al., Use of cactus mucilage as a dispersant and absorbant for oil in oil-water mixtures, Oct. 15, 2015) teaches the use of cactus and Hibiscus esculentus mucilage to remove oil contaminants from water. This method is especially intended for use in cleaning up oil spills.
The prior art also includes previous biomedical applications of okra extracts.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,014,335 (Arnold; Randall K., Ocular Drug Delivery Device, Mar. 29, 1977) teaches the use of okra gum as one of a number of possible drug carriers in a three-layered laminate ocular drug delivery device taught and claimed therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,154,822 (Polimeni et al., Polysaccharide for Enhancement of Cardiac Output, May 15, 1979) utilizes polysaccharide substances, preferably derived by extraction and purification of okra plant materials, to provide selective rheological and hemodynamic effects upon biomedical cardiac administration. This method is specifically intended to enhance cardiac output without substantial increments in circulatory (plasma) volume or concurrent inotropic, chronotropic or vasoactive effects.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,628,816 (Henry et al., Product to reduce glycemic response of carbohydrate based foods, Jan. 14, 2014) teaches a method for reducing the glycemic index of a premixed flour by adding various pulverized plant materials, including okra, to the flour. The specification of the patent indicates that the mucilage in the okra plays an important role in reducing the glycemic index of the resulting flour.
US Patent Application No. 20140303094 (Bastia et al., Composition and Use Thereof in the Treatment of Anal Rhagades, Oct. 9, 2014) teaches a medicament for the treatment of anal rhagades that comprises at least one protein extract and/or at least one beta glucan from hibiscus. The hibiscus in question can be Hibiscus esculentus. 
The prior art is deficient in the lack of an okra mucilage containing lubricating and moisturizing formulation for external and mucosal body surfaces. The present disclosure addresses this lack.
Part SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: An embodiment of the disclosure is a formulation for lubricating, moisturizing, and anti-inflammation for application to a bodily tissue comprising mucilage extracted from one or more plant species, wherein the formulation is intended to be applied to a bodily tissue. In an embodiment, the plant species is from a plant genus selected from the group comprising Abelmoschus and Hibiscus. In an embodiment, wherein the mucilage is extracted from Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus). In an embodiment, the mucilage is extracted from plant material selected from the group comprising fresh plant material, frozen plant material, dried plant material, and powdered plant material. In an embodiment, the formulation is buffered to a pH range of about 5.5 to 8.0. In an embodiment, the formulation is buffered to a pH of about 6.5. In an embodiment, the formulation is buffered with one of more salts selected from the list comprising sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride. In an embodiment, the formulation further comprises one or more surfactants. In an embodiment, the one or more surfactants are selected from the group comprising cocamidopropyl betaine; disodium laureth sulfosuccinate; decyl glucoside; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; and glycerin. In an embodiment, the formulation further comprises one or more emollients. In an embodiment, the one or more emollients are selected from the group comprising Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; and glycerin. In an embodiment, the formulation further comprises one or more antioxidants. In an embodiment, the one or more antioxidants are selected from the list comprising Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) seed oil and Citrus unshiu peel extract. In an embodiment, the formulation further comprises caffeine as an antioxidant; sodium phytate as a chelating agent; hydrolyzed soy protein as a moisturizer; ethylhexylglycerin as a conditioning agent and preservative; and phenoxyethanol as a preservative. In an embodiment, the formulation is provided in a form selected from the group comprising a wipe; a swab; a bandage; a gauze; a suspension; a foam; and a spray.
An embodiment of the disclosure is a lubricating, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory formulation comprising Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus) (okra) mucilage; Rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil; Citrus unshiu peel extract; Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; sodium phytate; phenoxyethanol; ethylhexylglycerin; wherein the formulation is buffered to a pH range of about 5.5 to 8.0. In an embodiment, the Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus) mucilage has been extracted from plant material selected from the group comprising fresh plant material, frozen plant material, dried plant material, and powdered plant material. In an embodiment, the Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus) mucilage is extracted from powdered okra.
In an embodiment, the formulation is provided in a form selected from the group comprising a wipe; a swab; a bandage; a gauze; a suspension; a foam; and a spray.
An embodiment of the disclosure is an eyelid cleansing and moisturizing wipe, the wipe comprising a cloth pad impregnated with a formulation comprising Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus) (okra) mucilage; Rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil; Citrus unshiu peel extract; Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; cocamidopropyl betaine; disodium laureth sulfosuccinate; decyl glucoside; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; glycerin; caffeine; Sodium Phytate; hydrolyzed soy protein; Phenoxyethanol; ethylhexylglycerin; sodium chloride; sodium lactate; potassium chloride; and calcium chloride; wherein the formulation is buffered to about pH 6.5.
A body lubricating, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory formulation comprising plant mucilage is provided by the disclosure described and claimed herein. More specific embodiments of the described formulation utilize plant mucilage extracted from a species of either the Abelmoschus or Hibiscus genus, especially mucilage from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, still commonly described by its older scientific classification name Hibiscus esculentus)
A number of other components can be included in the formulation to improve its properties and function. Rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil and Citrus unshiu peel extract can be added to provide antioxidant properties. Surfactant activity can be incorporated into the formulation by introducing cocamidopropyl betaine, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, decyl glucoside, disodium cocoamphodiacetate and/or glycerin. Glycerin can also be added as an emollient in the formulation. Aloe barbadensis leaf juice can also be used as an additional emollient. Caffeine is a useful addition for its antioxidation properties. Sodium phytate can be added as a chelating agent. Moisturizers such as hydrolyzed soy protein and ethylhexylglycerin can play useful roles in the formulation. Ethylhexylglycerin also has preservative qualities and can be included along with phenoxyethanol for this purpose.
This formulation can be proved as a free liquid solution, suspension, foam, gel, cream, ointment, or spray. Alternatively, the formulation can be impregnated onto a wipe, a swab, a bandage, or gauze. An eye wipe comprising a cloth pad wetted with the above formulation is specifically provided and claimed herein.
Part DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: Therefore, if appearing herein, the following terms shall have the definitions set out below.
Lubricate, as used herein, refers to the addition of anything which reduces friction.
Moisturize, as used herein, describes an action that increases water content or aids in water retention in a biological tissue.
Inflammation, as used herein, is a pathologic response that can be provoked by physical, chemical, and biologic agents. The response can include but is not limited to cytologic changes, cellular infiltration, and/or mediator release.
Mucilage, as used herein, is a polysaccharide substance extracted as a viscous or gelatinous solution from plants and microorganisms. Mucilage can also contain proteins and plays a variety of roles in plant life functions. Isolated mucilage can be used as a lubricant.
As used herein, a surfactant is a chemical compound, usually organic, used to reduce the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. Various detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants are among the agents that can be used as surfactants.
As described herein. a moisturizer is a chemical substance or combination thereof which hydrates biological tissues, usually by preventing water evaporation from the tissues.
An emollient, as used herein, is a compound or mixture of compounds that are used to moisturize skin to reduce water loss and provide a protective cover. Applications of emollients to skin have a soothing and smoothening effect on the skin, making the skin softer and more pliable.
A conditioning agent, as used herein, refers to any compound or combination thereof, provide a soft improved feel and texture to a biological tissue. Conditioning agents are added to various creams and lotions, gels, serums, facial spray mists, skin toners, shampoos, hair styling gels, hair sprays and hair conditioners.
As used herein, antioxidants are molecules that prevent oxidation. By preventing oxidation, antioxidants protect biological tissues from both the oxidation process itself and from the free radicals that can be produced during the same process. The production of free radicals can result in chain reactions that can result in considerable damage to biological tissues. Various thiols such as glutathione and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are examples of antioxidants.
A vasoconstrictor, as used herein, is a chemical agent that narrows blood vessels by contracting the muscular wall of the vessels. This results in reduce blood flow to the affected area. This has a cooling effect on the affected tissue.
A chelating agent is an organic molecule which can bind a metal or metal ion. Chelating agents are useful for removing metal and metal ions from an environment by binding and thus sequestering them.
A buffer, as used herein, refers to anything that stabilizes the pH of a solution. Various chemicals and salt combinations are effective buffers.
A preservative, as used herein, refers to a chemical that is added to products such as food, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent either chemical or microbial degradation of the product in question.
In an embodiment, the formulation can be used to treat mammals. In an embodiment, the formulation can be used to treat humans.
The body formulation described and claimed herein has anti-inflammatory properties for biological tissues. Inflammation is characterized by the release of histamines. The three major components of the inflammatory process are 1) hemodynamic changes; 2) increased capillary permeability; and 3) leukocytic exudation. The signs of inflammation include some or all of 1) heat; 2) redness; 3) swelling; 4) pain; and 5) loss of function or structural integrity. In an embodiment, the inflammation can be arteritis, arthritis, balanitis, blepharitis, bronchitis, bursitis, cellulitis, cheilitis, cholecystitis, colitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, encephalitis, endocarditits, enteritis, esophagitis, funiculitis, gastritis, gingivitis, glossitis, hepatitis, keratitis, laryngitis, lymphadenitis, meningitis, metritis, myelitis, myocarditis, myositis, nephritis, odontitis, omphaloitis, oophoritis, ophthalmitis, orchititis, osteitis, osteomyelitis, otitis, pericarditis, splenitis, tracheitis, and periostitis. In an embodiment, the inflammation can be other than at a location mentioned above. In an embodiment, the composition can be used to treat dry eyes, dry socket, acne, pain, wrinkles, fine lines on skins, or numb tissue. FIG. 2 illustrates various inflammation pathways and the effect of the mucilage-based platform described herein.
In an embodiment, the % range can refer to about the lower percentage to about the higher percentage.
The body formulation described and claimed herein is capable of lubricating and moisturizing both mucosal and external biological tissues (FIG. 1) and acting as an anti-inflammatory (FIG. 2). The formulation in question utilizes mucilage extracted from plant materials from one or more plant species to achieve this end. The mucilage can be extracted from a number of different types of plant materials including fresh plant material, frozen plant material, dried plant material, and powdered plant material. The concentration of plant mucilage in the formulation can range from 0.001 to 5.0%.
In more specific embodiments of the instant disclosure, the mucilage containing extract is derived from one or more plant species of either the Abelmoschus genus or the Hibiscus genus of plant species. In a preferred embodiment of the instant disclosure, the mucilage is derived from the okra plant, also known by its current scientific name Abelmoschus esculentus and formerly known as Hibiscus esculentus. 
The body lubricating and moisturizing formulation can be buffered to a pH range of about 5.5 to 8.0. Buffering the formulation to about pH 6.5 is an embodiment of the instant disclosure. This can be accomplished with a combination of salts including but not limited to sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride. The relative amount of each salt is balanced to achieve the desired pH. The concentrations of the individual salts can range from 0.001-2.0% in the instant disclosure.
The formulation of the instant disclosure can also include surfactants. Possible surfactants and possible concentration thereof include: cocamidopropyl betaine (1.0-12%); disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (1.0-12%); decyl glucoside (1.0-12.0%); disodium cocoamphodiacetate (0.1-4.0%); and, glycerin (0.008-0.5%). The formulation can also include one or more emollients, which can include Aloe barbadensis leaf juice (0.05-4.0%). and glycerin (0.008-0.5%).
One or more antioxidants can be included in the formulation of the instant disclosure to prevent oxidative damage to the tissues to which it is applied. Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) seed oil (0.03-1.0%) and Citrus unshiu peel extract (0.01%-1.0%.) are preferred antioxidants.
A number of additional components can be incorporated in the lubricating and moisturizing formulation. Caffeine, at concentration range 0.05-0.5%, can be added as an antioxidant. Sodium phytate (concentration range of 0.02-1.0%) can be included as a chelating agent. Including hydrolyzed soy derrickwong@example.com% concentration increases the ability of the formulation to moisturize bodily tissues. 0.001-1.0% ethylhexylglycerin is a useful addition as a preservative carrier agent. The preservative phenoxyethanol can also be used at a concentration range of 0.01-1.0%. In an embodiment, the composition is comprised of the contents of Table 1.










TABLE 1







Substance
Range (%) (w/v)









Plant mucilage
0.001-5.0



Emollients (at least one):




aloe barbadensis leaf juice
 0.5-4.0



glycerin
0.008-0.5



Antioxidants (at least one):




Rubus idaeus seed oil
 0.03-1.0



Citrus unshiu peel extract
 0.01-1.0



Chelating agent (optional):




sodium phytate
 0.02-1.0



Preservative carrier agent (optional)




ethylhexylglycerin
0.001-1.0



phenoxyethanol
 0.01-1.0



Water
 60-95










In an embodiment, the composition is comprised of the contents of Table 2.










TABLE 2







Substance
Range (%) (w/v)









Plant mucilage
0.001-5.0



Salts (at least one):




sodium chloride
0.001-2.0



sodium lactate
0.001-2.0



potassium chloride
0.001-2.0



calcium chloride
0.001-2.0



Surfactants (at least one):




cocamidopropyl betaine
  1.0-12.0



disodium laureth sulfosuccinate
  1.0-12.0



decyl glucoside
  1.0-12.0



disodium cocoamphodiacetate
 0.1-4.0



glycerin
0.008-0.5



Emollients (at least one):




aloe barbadensis leaf juice
 0.5-4.0



glycerin
0.008-0.5



Antioxidants (at least one):




Rubus idaeus seed oil
 0.03-1.0



Citrus unshiu peel extract
 0.01-1.0



Caffeine (optional)
 0.05-0.5



Chelating agent (optional):




sodium phytate
 0.02-1.0



Hydrolyzed soy protein (optional)
0.025-3.0



Preservative carrier agent (optional)




ethylhexylglycerin
0.001-1.0



Preservative (optional):




phenoxyethanol
 0.01-1.0



Fragrance
   0-0.25



Water
 60-95










In an embodiment, the composition does not contain at least one ingredient from each row shown in Table 1. In an embodiment, the composition contains at least plant mucilage. In an embodiment, the composition does not include surfactants. In an embodiment, the composition contains plant mucilage, at least one emollient, at least one antioxidant, a chelating agent, and water. In an embodiment, the composition contains plant mucilage, at least one emollient, at least one antioxidant, a chelating agent, water, and at least one preservative carrier agent. In an embodiment, the composition does not include at least one salt, at least one surfactant, caffeine, at least one preservative carrier agent, and fragrance.
The body lubricating, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory formulation of the claimed herein can be provided in a number of possible forms. Free liquid forms include solutions, gels, creams, ointments, suspensions, foams, and sprays. Alternatively, the formulation can be impregnated onto a physical object such as a wipe; a swab; a bandage; a transdermal patch; or a gauze.
In an embodiment, the effect of the formulation lasts at least 2 hours. In an embodiment, the effect of the formulation lasts at least 10-12 hours.
A preferred embodiment of the instant disclosure is a body lubricating and moisturizing formulation comprising a combination of Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus) (okra) mucilage; Rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil; Citrus unshiu peel extract; Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; cocamidopropyl betaine; disodium laureth sulfosuccinate; decyl glucoside; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; glycerin; caffeine; sodium phytate; hydrolyzed soy protein; phenoxyethanol; ethylhexylglycerin; sodium chloride; sodium lactate; potassium chloride; and, calcium chloride. The above combination can be buffered to a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0, with 6.5 being a preferred pH. The Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage can be derived from at least one of fresh plant material, frozen plant material, dried plant material, and powdered plant material. The particular embodiment described in the examples provided herein utilizes powdered okra. This solution can be provided as a free suspension or solution, possibly as a foam or spray. In an embodiment, the liquid can be applied using a dropper. Alternatively, the formulation can be provided as liquid absorbed onto a wipe, a swab, a bandage, or gauze.
Another preferred embodiment of the instant disclosure is an eyelid cleansing and moisturizing eye wipe wetted with the formulation described and claimed herein. Specifically, this formulation is a mixture of Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus) (okra) mucilage; Rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil; Citrus unshiu peel extract; Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; cocamidopropyl betaine; disodium laureth sulfosuccinate; decyl glucoside; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; glycerin; caffeine; sodium phytate; hydrolyzed soy protein; phenoxyethanol; ethylhexylglycerin; sodium chloride; sodium lactate; potassium chloride; and, calcium chloride; wherein the formulation is buffered to a pH range of about 5.5 to 8.0. In an embodiment, the pH is about 6.5.
The following examples are embodiments of the disclosure and are not meant to limit the present disclosure in any fashion.
Part Example 1: Preparation of Mucilage
The mucilage can be prepared by any method or purchased from a commercial source.
Part Example 2: Body Lubricating Composition
A sample prototype composition of the instant disclosure was formulated as an aqueous solutions containing a mixture of mucilage extracted from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus or Hibiscus esculentus) powder; Rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil; Citrus unshiu peel extract; Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; cocamidopropyl betaine; disodium laureth sulfosuccinate; decyl glucoside; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; glycerin; caffeine; Sodium Phytate; hydrolyzed soy protein; phenoxyethanol; ethylhexylglycerin; sodium chloride; sodium lactate; potassium chloride; and calcium chloride.
The okra mucilage provides the main lubricating and moisturizing quality of the formulation. The acceptable concentration range for the okra powder mucilage is of 0.001-5.0% (w/v). In addition to powdered okra, it would be possible to extract the mucilage in the formulated composition from fresh, frozen, or dried okra.
The formulation was preferentially buffered to a pH range of about 5.5 to 8.0, with a preferable pH of about 6.5. The buffering was accomplished with a combination of sodium chloride; sodium lactate; potassium chloride; and calcium chloride. The concentration ranges of each salt used to attain the desired pH in question were as follows: sodium chloride: 0.3-2.0%; sodium lactate: 0.2-2.0%; potassium chloride: 0.01-2.0%; and calcium chloride: 0.01-2.0%.
In an embodiment, the following agents were incorporated as surfactants in the formulations at the given concentration ranges: cocamidopropyl betaine (1.0-12%); disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (1.0-12%); decyl glucoside (1.0-12.0%); disodium cocoamphodiacetate (0.1-4.0%); and glycerin (0.008-0.5%). The glycerin provides a dual role in the formation in that it also acts as an emollient. Aloe barbadensis leaf juice was also added as another emollient at a concentration range of 0.05-4.0%.
In an embodiment, Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) seed oil and Citrus unshiu peel extract were included for their antioxidant properties. The raspberry seed oil was added in concentration range of 0.001-5.0%, while the Citrus unshiu peel extract was present at concentrations of 0.01%-1.0%.
In an embodiment, caffeine, at concentration range of 0.05-0.5%, was used as an antioxidant. In an embodiment, Sodium Phytate, a chelating agent, and was added at a concentration range of 0.02-1.0%. In an embodiment, hydrolyzed soy protein at a concentration range of 0.025-3.0% was added as an additional moisturizer.
In an embodiment, ethylhexylglycerin was included as both a moisturizer and a preservative at a concentration range of 0.001-1.0%. In an embodiment, the phenoxyethanol was also used as a preservative at concentrations of 0.01-1.0%. In an embodiment, fragrance can be added at concentrations up to 0.25%.
Following the addition of the above components, the remaining aqueous portion of the above described formulation can range from 60-95%.
Part Example 3: Anti-Inflammatory Composition
A sample prototype composition of the instant disclosure was formulated as an aqueous solutions containing a mixture of mucilage extracted from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus or Hibiscus esculentus) powder; Rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil; Citrus unshiu peel extract; Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; cocamidopropyl betaine; disodium laureth sulfosuccinate; decyl glucoside; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; glycerin; caffeine; Sodium Phytate; hydrolyzed soy protein; phenoxyethanol; ethylhexylglycerin; sodium chloride; sodium lactate; potassium chloride; and calcium chloride.
The okra mucilage provides the main lubricating and moisturizing quality of the formulation. The acceptable concentration range for the okra power mucilage is of 0.001-5.0% (w/v). In addition to powered okra, it would be possible to extract the mucilage in the formulated composition from fresh, frozen, or dried okra.
The formulation was preferentially buffered to a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0, with a preferable pH of about 6.5. The buffering was accomplished with a combination of sodium chloride; sodium lactate; potassium chloride; and, calcium chloride. The concentration ranges of each salt used to attain the desired pH in question were as follows: sodium chloride: 0.3-2.0%; sodium lactate: 0.2-2.0%; potassium chloride: 0.01-2.0%; and calcium chloride: 0.01-2.0%.
The following agents were incorporated as surfactants in the formulations at the given concentration ranges: cocamidopropyl betaine (1.0-12%); disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (1.0-12%); decyl glucoside (1.0-12.0%); disodium cocoamphodiacetate (0.1-4.0%); and, glycerin (0.008-0.5%). The glycerin provides a dual role in the formation in that it also acts as an emollient. Aloe barbadensis leaf juice was also added as another emollient at a concentration range of 0.05-4.0%.
Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) seed oil; and, Citrus unshiu peel extract were included for their antioxidant properties. The raspberry seed oil was added in concentration range of 0.001-5.0%, while the Citrus unshiu peel extract was present at concentrations of 0.01%-1.0%.
Caffeine, at concentration range of 0.05-0.5% was used an antioxidant. Sodium Phytate, a chelating agent, and was added at concentration range of 0.02-1.0%. Hydrolyzed soy protein at concentration range of 0.025-3.0% was added as an additional moisturizer.
Ethylhexylglycerin was included as both a moisturizer and a preservative at a concentration range of 0.001-1.0%. The phenoxyethanol was also used as a preservative at concentrations of 0.01-1.0%. Fragrance can be added at concentrations up to 0.25%.
Following the addition of the above components, the remaining aqueous portion of the above described formulation can range 60-95%.
Part Example 4: Wipes
For convenience, cotton pads were impregnated with the above aqueous. The pads provide a more convenient method of applying the formulation. These pads are especially useful as eye wipes. In an embodiment, the pads can be comprised of including but not limited to cotton, paper, tissue, fiber, non-woven fabric, plastic, or polyester.
Part Example 5: Application of the Formulation to a Biological Tissue.
The lubricating and moisturizing formulation provided herein acts as a lubricating, moisturizing and protective barrier to the tissues to which it is applied. These effects are illustrated in FIG. 1. The unprotected tissue shown on the left is susceptible to both water loss and assault from foreign particles and UV rays. The application of the lubricating and moisturizing formulations of the instant disclosure result in a protective layer of mucilage being applied to the surface of the tissue to which it applies. This layer provides a barrier against UV rays and foreign particles. In addition, the resulting barrier prevents water loss from the tissue in question, thereby acting as a moisturizer.
Part Example 6: Results of Using the Formulation
The formulation has been shown in a clinical in vitro study to kill ocular Demodex mites. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of ZocuFoam™ Eyelid Cleanser & Moisturizer at killing Demodex mites. The control was preservative-free saline and the topical agent was ZocuFoam™ Eyelid Cleanser & Moisturizer. Patients who exhibited cylindrical sleeves on their lashes were selected and a slit lamp exam was performed to determine which lashes would be epilated. The lashes were then immersed in an agent and examined with a light microscope. The presence of Demodex was determined and the amount of time for the agent to completely kill the Demodex mite was noted. Kill time was determined by the cessation of leg movements of the mites for a period of 10 minutes. On average, ZocuFoam™ and preservative-free saline killed Demodex in 91.11±38.15 and 1129.78±158.38 minutes (p=0.001), respectively. ZocuFoam™ effectively killed Demodex significantly faster than preservative-free saline. In an embodiment, the ingredients of ZocuFoam™ are water, cocamidopropyl betaine, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, decyl gluoside, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, Rubus idaeus seed oil, Citrus unshiu peel extract, Hibiscus esculentus powder, caffeine, sodium phytate, hydrolyzed soy protein, glycerin, ethylhexylglycerin, phenoxyethanol, fragrance.
Anterior blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids that causes redness, irritation, an itchy sensation, and the formation of dandruff-like scales on eyelashes. It involves the irritation of the outer front edge of the eyelid where the eyelashes are attached. Many causes of anterior blepharitis have been described, however the current study is particularly concerned with ocular Demodex infestation.
Of the many species of Demodex mites known to exist, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are the only two found living on the human body. D. folliculorum is primarily found in hair follicles, while D. brevis is found associated with sebaceous and meibomian glands connected to hair follicles (Gao et al., Brit. J. of Ophthal. (2005)). Both species generally inhabit areas on the face, near the nose, eyelashes, and eyebrows, but they can also occur elsewhere on the body.
Patients with anterior blepharitis often present with cylindrical dandruff on their eyelashes. FIG. 3A-3D. Cylindrical dandruff (CD) are scales that form clear cuff collarings around eyelash roots (Gao et al., Invest. Ophthal. & Visual Sci. (2005)). This is often indicative of the presence of ocular Demodex because it is regarded as pathognomonic of Demodex infestation (Gao et al., Invest. Ophthal. & Visual Sci. (2005)).
Materials included 0.9% preservative-free saline (Hospira, Inc., Lakeforest, Ill.) and ZocuFoam™ Eyelid Cleanser & Moisturizer (Okra Limited, Cypress, Tex.) (water, cocamidopropyl betaine, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, decyl gluoside, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, Rubus idaeus seed oil, Citrus unshiu peel extract, Hibiscus esculentus powder, caffeine, sodium phytate, hydrolyzed soy protein, glycerin, ethylhexylglycerin, phenoxyethanol, fragrance).
The study was conducted at the Cross Eye Centers according to the tenets espoused in the Declaration of Helsinki. A total of 9 patients were selected, who displayed evidence of anterior blepharitis. A slit lamp was used to examine the patient population to determine that those selected evinced cylindrical dandruff around at least 8 eyelashes. Based on previous studies, cylindrical dandruff on 8 eyelashes is sufficient to indicate a modest infestation of ocular Demodex. The patient selection was not exclusive based on age, ethnicity, or gender. The only patients excluded from the study were those who were currently on a tea tree oil treatment regimen or those who had undergone fluorescein staining. This exclusion was made because the Demodex derived from these patients might exhibit a shortened survival time due to prior exposure to these agents.
One affected eyelash from each fourth of the upper eyelids was epilated using a jeweler's type forceps and a slit lamp microscope (Haag-Streit, Bern, Switzerland). Using this method, 43 lashes were collected—18 of which exhibited Demodex. 
Each individual eyelash was placed on a microscope slide and immediately saturated with 20 μL of either ZocuFoam™ or preservative-free saline. A plastic coverslip was then placed over the mixture and the slide was examined. Under the microscope, the presence of living adult Demodex was examined. Confirmation of the mites' live status was evidenced by vigorous movement of their four pairs of legs. Adult Demodex is distinguishable from juvenile Demodex because of its well-formed legs, stumpy body, and length of approximately 0.4 mm (Gao et al., Invest. Ophthal. & Visual Sci. (2005)).
Once the determination was made that mites were present and alive on the slides, the mites were observed every 15 to 30 minutes to check for obvious signs of reduction of leg movement. When it became apparent that only one of its legs was moving irregularly, the mite under observation was watched continuously until its leg ceased to move.
The mites were observed for a period of 10 additional minutes following the cessation of leg movement in order to establish the accuracy of the recorded kill time. Kill time is calculated as the time between exposure of the mite to the agent and cessation of mite leg movement for a period longer than 10 minutes.
Demodex were excluded from the study if they did not have vigorous leg movements at the beginning of observation or if more than half of their bodies were encased in cylindrical dandruff. FIG. 4 depicts a view of Demodex folliculorum adult and egg forms located on an eyelash follicle.







TABLE 3







Resultant mean kill time of the test agents











Preservative-



ZocuFoam ™
free Saline



(mean ± SD)
(mean ± SD)





Mean kill time (minutes)
91.11 ± 38.15
1129.778 ± 158.38


N = number of Demodex mites
9
9









Results from a t-test used to analyze the data shows a significant difference in kill time of the Demodex between ZocuFoam™ and preservative-free saline (p<0.0001). Table 3.
In this in vitro study of the effects of applying topical and eyelid cleansing agents to Demodex derived from patients with anterior blepharitis, ZocuFoam™ is effective in eradicating the mites in a timely manner when compared to saline. ZocuFoam™ was able to kill the Demodex on average in 1.52 hours. The preservative-free saline was able to kill the Demodex on average in 18.83 hours.
According to Gao (Gao et al., Brit. J. of Ophthal. (2005)), Tea Tree Oil (TTO) stimulates Demodex to migrate out of cylindrical dandruff casings embedded in the skin, allowing them to encounter the oil. Although it is understood that TTO is a very effective cleansing agent, its use among patient populations may not be as high as expected because TTO acts as an irritant if it enters a patient's eyes. This issue may be circumvented if patients are warned beforehand to tightly seal their eyelids before applying the oil.
The ZocuFoam™ scrub is especially helpful for patients who experience allergic reactions to various components of the TTO solution, such as eucalyptus. This regimen is effective in killing and reducing Demodex presence. FIG. 5.
Any patents or publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains. These patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the disclosure as defined by the scope of the claims.
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