Title of Invention: Shingle sealing arrangements Abstract: An exemplary shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. A first line of adhesive is adhered to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion and the lower surface of the tab portion, and includes a first thermally activated adhesive material. A second line of adhesive is adhered to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion and the lower surface of the tab portion, and includes a second thermally activated adhesive material having a minimum activation temperature less than a minimum activation temperature of the first thermally activated adhesive material. Detailed Description: Part general_description_paragraphs: Part CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS: This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/493,990, filed Apr. 21, 2017, which claims priority to and any other benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/332,601, filed May 6, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. Part BACKGROUND: Asphalt-based roofing materials, such as roofing shingles, roll roofing and commercial roofing, are installed on the roofs of buildings to provide protection from the elements, and to give the roof an aesthetically pleasing look. Typically, the roofing material is constructed of a substrate such as a glass fiber mat or an organic felt, an asphalt coating on the substrate, and a surface layer of granules embedded in the asphalt coating. A common method for the manufacture of asphalt shingles is the production of a continuous sheet of granule covered, asphalt coated material followed by a shingle cutting operation which cuts the material into individual shingles having normally covered (i.e., by a subsequently laid course of shingles) headlap portions and normally exposed tab portions. A conventional single layer tabbed shingle 10, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A, includes a single asphalt coated shingle sheet 11 defining a continuous headlap portion 17 and a slotted or discontinuous tab portion 18. As shown in FIG. 1A, the shingle sheet 11 includes a substrate layer 12 (e.g., fiberglass mat), upper and lower asphalt coating layers 13, 14 (generally formed from layers of hot, melted asphalt) adhered to the substrate layer 12, a layer of granules 15 (e.g., ceramic roofing grade granules of a variety of different particle sizes and colors) adhered to the upper asphalt coating 13 to define an upper surface 10a of the shingle, and a layer of backdust 16 (e.g., pulverized sand, talc, mica, calcium carbonate, or ground recycled glass) adhered to the lower asphalt coating 14 to define a lower surface 10b of the shingle 10. A conventional two-layer or laminated shingle 20, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 2A, includes an asphalt coated overlay sheet 21 having a continuous headlap portion 27 and a tabbed or slotted tab portion 28 adhered to an upper surface of an asphalt coated underlay sheet 31 to define a tab portion 38 of the shingle 20. The overlay and underlay sheets 21, 31 each include a substrate layer 22, 32, upper and lower asphalt coating layers 23, 33, 24, 34 adhered to the substrate layer, a layer of granules 25, 35 adhered to at least the exposed portions of the upper asphalt coating 23, 33 to define an upper surface 20a of the shingle, and a layer of backdust 26, 36 adhered to at least the exposed portions of the lower asphalt coating 24, 34 to define a lower surface 20b of the shingle 20. The overlay and underlay sheets 21, 31 may be adhered to each other by the abutting portions of the hot melt asphalt coating layers 24, 33 (with these portions free of granules to allow for adhesion), or by a post-applied pattern of adhesive 29a (e.g., asphalt adhesive). During a typical shingle manufacturing process, a pattern of adhesive is applied to the shingle, either on the upper surface of the headlap portion (as shown at 19a in FIG. 1 and at 29 in FIGS. 2 and 2A) or on the lower surface of the tab portion (as shown at 19b in FIGS. 1 and 1A and at 39 in FIGS. 2 and 2A), so that the headlap portions of a lower course of shingles on a roof will adhere to the tab portions of a subsequently laid course of shingles on the roof. The resulting adhesive bond helps to prevent wind uplift of the shingles on the roof. Self-sealing asphalt shingles are typically packaged, shipped, and stored in a bundle of stacked shingles. To prevent adhesion of a shingle's adhesive pattern to an adjacent shingle, a removable release tape or strip may be applied to the line of adhesive, or alternatively, the portion of the adjacent shingle in facing alignment with the adhesive pattern may be provided with a non-stick surface to allow for easy separation of the shingles. Part SUMMARY: In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. A first line of adhesive is adhered to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion and the lower surface of the tab portion, and includes a first thermally activated adhesive material. A second line of adhesive is adhered to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion and the lower surface of the tab portion, and includes a second thermally activated adhesive material having a minimum activation temperature less than a minimum activation temperature of the first thermally activated adhesive material. In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. A line of adhesive is adhered to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion and the lower surface of the tab portion. The line of adhesive includes a polymeric foam material defining a first thickness of the line of adhesive. The polymeric foam material is configured such that the line of adhesive is compressible from the first thickness to a second thickness that is less than 25% of the first thickness when the shingle is subjected to a compressive force of 6 psi, and subsequently expandable to a third thickness that is at least 75% of the first thickness when the compressive force is removed from the shingle. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first line of adhesive or the second line of adhesive comprises an antioxidant in an amount of up to about 2% by weight of the adhesive. In other embodiments, only one type or line of adhesive, which may be any of the adhesives described herein, is used on the shingle and an antioxidant in an amount of up to about 2% by weight of the adhesive is used in the adhesive. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first line of adhesive or the second line of adhesive comprises an inert material in an amount of about 10% to about 70% by weight of the adhesive. In other exemplary embodiments, only one type or line of adhesive, which may be any of the adhesives described herein, is used on the shingle and the adhesive comprises an inert material in an amount of about 10% to 70% by weight of the adhesive. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. A bead of a first sealant is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion. The first sealant is formulated to seal at a temperature of less than 70° F. A bead of a second sealant is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion and positioned proximate to a front edge of the tab portion. The second sealant comprises a thermally activated adhesive having a minimum activation temperature of at least 70° F. The bead of the first sealant is sized and positioned with respect to the bead of the second sealant such that when the shingle is placed on an underlying planar surface with the bead of the first sealant facing the underlying planar surface, the bead of the first sealant does not contact the underlying surface. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. A bead of a first sealant having a first width is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion. The first sealant is formulated to seal at a temperature of less than 70° F. A bead of a second sealant having a second width is applied to the bead of the first sealant. The second sealant comprises a thermally activated adhesive having a minimum activation temperature of at least 70° F. The first width of the bead of the first sealant is greater than the second width of the bead of the second sealant. With this arrangement of sealants, when the shingle is placed on an underlying planar surface with the bead of the first sealant facing the underlying surface, the bead of the first sealant does not contact the underlying planar surface. In certain embodiments, the shingle includes a channel on the upper surface of the headlap portion. In certain embodiments, the channel is at least partially formed by a reinforcement material. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. A bead of a first sealant having a first height is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion. The first sealant is formulated to seal at a temperature of less than 70° F. A bead of a second sealant having a second height is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion. The second sealant comprises a thermally activated adhesive having a minimum activation temperature of at least 70° F. The first height of the bead of the first sealant is less than the second height of the bead of the second sealant. With this arrangement of sealants, when the shingle is placed on an underlying planar surface with the bead of the first sealant facing the underlying planar surface, the bead of the first sealant does not contact the underlying planar surface. In certain embodiments, the shingle includes a channel on the upper surface of the headlap portion. In certain embodiments, the channel is at least partially formed by a reinforcement material. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. The shingle includes a channel on the upper surface of the headlap portion. A bead of a first sealant is applied to the channel. The first sealant is formulated to seal at a temperature of less than 70° F. A bead of a second sealant is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion. The second sealant comprises a thermally activated adhesive having a minimum activation temperature of at least 70° F. When the shingle is in an installed position, the bead of the first sealant of an underlying shingle contacts and seals to the bead of the second sealant of an overlying shingle. In certain embodiments, the channel is at least partially formed by a reinforcement material. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. The shingle includes a channel on the upper surface of the headlap portion. A bead of a first sealant is applied to the channel. The first sealant is formulated to seal at a temperature of less than 70° F. A bead of a second sealant is also applied to the channel. The second sealant comprises a thermally activated adhesive having a minimum activation temperature of at least 70° F. When the shingle is in an installed position, at least one of the bead of the first sealant and the bead of the second sealant of an underlying shingle contacts and seals to the lower surface of the tab portion of an overlying shingle. In certain embodiments, the channel is at least partially formed by a reinforcement material. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. The shingle includes a channel on the upper surface of the headlap portion. A bead of a first sealant is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion. The first sealant is formulated to seal at a temperature of less than 70° F. A bead of a second sealant is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion. The second sealant comprises a thermally activated adhesive having a minimum activation temperature of at least 70° F. When the shingle is in an installed position, the bead of the first sealant and the bead of the second sealant of an overlying shingle contacts the channel of an underlying shingle, and at least one of the bead of the first sealant and the bead of the second sealant of the overlying shingle seals to the reinforcement material of the underlying shingle. In certain embodiments, the channel is at least partially formed by a reinforcement material. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. An encapsulated sealant is applied to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion and the lower surface of the tab portion. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. An encapsulated two-part reactive sealant is applied to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion and the lower surface of the tab portion. The encapsulated two-part reactive sealant comprises a first reactive sealant component encapsulated within a first shell, and a second reactive sealant component encapsulated within a second shell. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. The shingle includes a channel on the upper surface of the headlap portion. A bead of a first reactive sealant component is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion and a bead of a second reactive sealant component is applied to the channel. When the shingle is in an installed position, the bead of the first reactive sealant component of an overlying shingle contacts and reacts with the bead of the second reactive sealant component of an underlying shingle to form an adhesive that seals the overlying shingle to the underlying shingle. In certain embodiments, the channel is at least partially formed by a reinforcement material. In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, a shingle includes at least one coated shingle sheet defining a headlap portion and a tab portion each having opposed upper and lower surfaces. A bead of sealant is applied to the lower surface of the tab portion and positioned proximate to a front edge of the tab portion. The shingle has an area of reduced thickness on the headlap portion. When a pair of shingles are stacked together, the area of reduced thickness on the headlap portions of the shingles are in facing alignment and in contact with the bead of sealant on the lower surface of the tab portions of the shingles. The area of reduced thickness flexes to protect the bead of sealant from flattening. Part DETAILED DESCRIPTION: In the embodiments herein, the invention of the present application is discussed for use with roofing shingles. However, it should be understood that the invention of the present application may be used with any type of roofing material, such as, for example, roll roofing and commercial roofing. Also, some of the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrated with single layer shingles and some of the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrated with multi-layer (e.g., two-layer, three-layer, four-layer) or laminated shingles. However, all of the concepts disclosed herein can be used with single layer or multi-layer/laminated shingles (i.e., concepts disclosed with respect to single layer shingles can be practiced with multi-layer/laminated shingles and concepts disclosed with respect to multi-layer/laminated shingles can be practiced with single layer shingles). Furthermore, while the embodiments described herein may refer to asphalt coated shingle sheets, the general inventive concepts described herein equally apply to shingle sheets coated with a non-asphalt material, such as polymer-based coatings, to shingle sheets that are only partially coated with asphalt or a non-asphalt material, and to shingle sheets where a portion of the sheet is coated with asphalt and a portion of the sheet is coated with a non-asphalt material. Also, the term “shingle sheet” is meant to refer to both single layer shingles and multi-layer/laminated shingles. Furthermore, the terms “adhesive” and “sealant” are used interchangeably herein. The present application contemplates arrangements of adhesives or sealants applied to a shingle to improve adhesion to an adjacent shingle (e.g., of a previously applied course of shingles, or of a subsequently applied course of shingles). The general inventive concepts also contemplate solutions to problems associated with cold-weather installation of shingles, modification of shingle adhesives to improve tack retention and aid in cold-weather installation, among others. A conventional adhesive arrangement for bonding adjacent shingles includes a bead or line of heat sensitive or thermally activated adhesive applied to the upper surface of the headlap portion or to the lower surface of the tab portion, with the heat sensitive adhesive being activated to permanently bond the abutting lower tab and upper headlap surfaces of the shingles when the shingles are exposed to a minimum activation temperature of the adhesive, for example, due to warmer ambient temperatures and/or direct sun exposure. Exemplary heat sensitive adhesives include filled asphalt, which typically has a minimum activation temperature of about 135° F., and polymer modified asphalt, which may have a minimum activation temperature between about 70° F. and about 100° F. A variety of issues can arise when installing shingles in colder temperatures. In colder temperatures (e.g., during winter months, in colder climates, or in shaded settings), newly installed shingles may not be exposed to temperatures sufficient to fully activate the heat sensitive adhesive for a period of several months, and the traditional asphalt coating that bonds the granules to the mat becomes stiffer and somewhat brittle. The unactivated adhesive and the more brittle asphalt shingle coating leave the installed shingles weakly bonded to each other, and more susceptible to wind uplift, cracking, tearing, or stripping of the shingles from the roof. Because of this, shingles are often only installed during months wherein the average temperature coincides with the activation temperature of the shingle adhesive and at temperatures where the asphalt coating that bonds the granules to the mat is not brittle. In addition, adhesives having a lower activation temperature often have a corresponding lowered softening point. This can cause the adhesive bead to “flatten out” on the shingle surface—resulting in less surface contact when the shingles are contacted with one another during installation. Thus, there is a need to balance lowered activation temperature with both bead height and flattening in shingle adhesives when seeking to achieve a bond at a lowered temperature. One solution is to use alternative heat sensitive, pressure sensitive, or thermally activated adhesives for colder temperature application, having a minimum activation temperature of less than about 70° F. to effect a bond between the adjacent shingles in these colder temperature setting. Examples of heat sensitive adhesives having lower activation temperatures include modified asphalt, polymer modified asphalt, butyl-based adhesives, acrylic-based adhesives, ethylene vinyl acetate adhesives, natural rubber-based adhesives, nitrile-based adhesives, and silicone rubber-based adhesives. In certain embodiments, a polymer modified asphalt sealant may also include fillers to stiffen the bead. In certain embodiments, the amount of filler is up to 40% (i.e., 0-40% by weight) and in certain instances can be increased to up to 50-60% by weight to accommodate use in a variety of temperatures. Those of skill in the art will understand that the adhesives discussed herein may be combined and rearranged to form one or more of the individual lines (or beads) of adhesive discussed in the individual aspects of the present application. While these lower activation temperature adhesives provide a bond at lower temperatures, these adhesives typically have an internal strength or creep strength that is significantly lower than that of the corresponding higher activation temperature adhesives. As such, shingles adhered to each other with a lower activation temperature adhesive may be more susceptible to wind uplift in high wind conditions, may be unable to pass the ASTM D3161 two hour wind test, and/or may require greater amounts of adhesive (e.g., over a greater surface area) to maintain adhesion. According to an aspect of the present application, a shingle may be provided with a first line of adhesive formed from a thermally activated adhesive material having a lower activation temperature (e.g., below 100° F., below 70° F., or between about 0° F. and about 40° F.) for initially bonding adjacent shingles in lower temperature conditions, and a second line of adhesive formed from a thermally activated adhesive material having a higher activation temperature (e.g., between about 80° F. and about 140° F., or between about 70° F. and about 100° F.) for subsequently bonding the adjacent shingles in eventual higher temperature conditions. In addition to difficulties associated with matching ambient temperature and activation temperatures of adhesives, in many situations, adhesives suffer from reduced tack after original application. That is, when a shingle is first manufactured the adhesive, whether low activation temperature adhesive or high activation temperature, has an initial tackiness (or “tack”). In many instances, the tack of the shingle degrades or decreases at a rapid pace. Often, shingles will have little or no tack within hours after manufacturing. This, lack of tack can prevent or reduce the initial adhesion of the shingle. Good initial tack is important for the long term adhesion of a shingle and the first 24 to 72 hours after installation is critical to the ultimate success of the roof with regards to wind resistance. Improvements in initial tack help to achieve longer lasting bonds, especially when the shingle is installed on cloudy days or at lower temperature. One contributor to tack loss is oxidation of the surface of the adhesive. It has surprisingly been discovered that adhesives including an amount of an antioxidant have a greater retention of tack, often days or weeks after initial manufacturing. According to an aspect of the present application, a shingle may be provided with one or more lines of adhesive, at least some of the adhesive comprising an antioxidant in an amount of up to about 2% by weight of the adhesive. In certain embodiments, a shingle comprises a line of adhesive, the adhesive comprising an antioxidant in an amount of up to about 1% by weight of the adhesive. In certain embodiments, a shingle comprises a line of adhesive, the adhesive comprising an antioxidant in an amount of up to about 0.5% by weight of the adhesive, including up to about 0.4% by weight of the adhesive, including up to about 0.3% by weight of the adhesive, including up to about 0.2% by weight of the adhesive, and including up to about 0.1% by weight of the adhesive. In certain embodiments, a shingle comprises a line of adhesive, the adhesive comprising an antioxidant in an amount of 0.1% to 1% by weight of the adhesive, including from 0.1% to 0.5%, from 0.1% to 0.4%, from 0.1% to 0.3%, and also including from 0.1% to 0.2% by weight of the adhesive. When referring to weight of the adhesive, it is intended that the weight percentage refer to the liquid portion of the adhesive, i.e., prior to addition of fillers in the adhesive mixture. Any antioxidant known to those of skill in the art and suitable for use in the construction industry may be included in the adhesive compositions. One particularly suitable antioxidant is pentaetythritol tetrakis (3-(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate sold under the name IRGANOX 1010. FIGS. 3 and 3A illustrate an exemplary single layer shingle 100 (which may, but need not, be similar to the single layer shingle 10 of FIG. 1) having a first, lower activation temperature line of adhesive 170 and a second, higher activation temperature line of adhesive 180, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present application. As shown, the shingle 100 includes a shingle sheet 110 defining a continuous rear headlap portion 115 and a slotted or discontinuous front tab portion 117. The shingle sheet 110 includes a substrate layer 120, upper and lower asphalt coating layers 130, 140 adhered to the substrate layer, a layer of granules 150 adhered to the upper asphalt coating 130 to define an upper surface 101 of the shingle, and a layer of backdust 160 adhered to the lower asphalt coating 140 to define a lower surface 102 of the shingle 100. The first and second lines of adhesive may be applied to the shingle in a variety of configurations. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 3A, the first and second lines of adhesive 170, 180 are disposed on the lower surface 102 of the shingle tab portion 117, for adhesion to an upper surface of a headlap portion of an underlying shingle. In other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 4A, a first, lower activation temperature line of adhesive 170a and a second, higher activation temperature line of adhesive 180a are disposed on an upper surface 101a of the shingle headlap portion 115a, for adhesion to a lower surface of a tab portion of an overlying shingle. In still other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, one of the first and second lines of adhesive 170b, 180b may be disposed on the lower surface 102b of the shingle tab portion 117b, and the other of the first and second lines of adhesive 170b, 180b may be disposed on the upper surface 101b of the shingle headlap portion 115b. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 3A, the first and second lines of adhesive 170, 180 are continuous and laterally spaced. In other exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, one or both of the first and second lines of adhesive 170c, 180c may be intermittent or discontinuous, with spots or bands of adhesive forming segments of the lines of adhesive. In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the first and second lines of adhesive 170d, 180d may be collinear, with alternating segments of the first and second adhesive materials extending along the adhesive line. In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 8A, the first and second lines of adhesive 170e, 180e may be collinear, with the first line of adhesive 170e being adhered to an exterior surface of the second line of adhesive 180e. In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 9A, the first and second lines of adhesive 170f, 180f may be in side-by-side abutment, and may partially overlap. Any of the adhesive arrangements of FIGS. 6-9A may be applied to the upper surface of the headlap portion (similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 4A), or to both the lower surface of the tab portion and the upper surface of the headlap portion (similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 5A). In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 3A, the first, lower activation temperature line of adhesive 170 is proximate to the front edge of the shingle tab portion 117, for example, to shorten the amount of the tab portion front end that is non-adhered when only the first, lower activation temperature line of adhesive 170 has been activated (thereby reducing the front end portion of the tabs that may be exposed to wind). Similarly, in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 4A, the first, lower activation temperature line of adhesive 170a is proximate to the junction between the shingle headlap portion 115a and the shingle tab portion 117a. In other embodiments, the second, higher activation temperature line of adhesive may be disposed proximate to the front edge of the shingle tab portion (or proximate to the junction between the shingle headlap portion and the shingle tab portion), for example, to provide the eventual stronger adhesive bond closer to the front edge of the shingle. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 3A, the first and second lines of adhesive 170, 180 are shown as having substantially the same thickness. In other embodiments, the first, lower temperature line of adhesive 170 may have a greater thickness than the second, higher temperature line of adhesive 180, for example, to provide for or ensure increased contact between the first line of adhesive 170 and the adjacent shingle prior to activation of the first adhesive material. The adhesive arrangements described above and shown, for example, in FIGS. 3-9A, may likewise be applied to a multi-layer laminated shingle, such as, for example, the shingle 20 of FIGS. 2 and 2A. FIGS. 10 and 10A illustrate an exemplary two-layer laminated shingle 200 (which may, but need not, be similar to the laminated shingle 20 of FIGS. 2 and 2A, and uses similar reference numbers accordingly) having a first, lower activation temperature line of adhesive 270 and a second, higher activation temperature line of adhesive 280 adhered to a lower surface 202 of an underlay sheet 220, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The first and second lines of adhesive may be applied to the shingle in a variety of configurations, including, for example, configurations similar to the various configurations shown in the single layer shingle embodiments shown in FIGS. 4-9A and described above. Conventional heat activated adhesives (e.g., asphalt adhesives), as applied to a shingle, are plastically compressible, flowable materials that are susceptible to being flattened (i.e., spread out and thinned) on the surface of the shingle when subjected to a compressive force, as may be expected when the shingle is included in a conventional bundle of roofing shingles (weighing about 80 pounds), and stacked under one or more other shingle bundles (e.g., on a pallet). While additional adhesive material may improve adhesion of the flattened line of adhesive, this additional material increases shingle costs and the increased original adhesive thickness to compensate for this flattening may result in shingle shape distortion of stacked shingles when stored for long periods of time. According to another aspect of the present application, a shingle may be provided with a heat activated adhesive that is mechanically or chemically foamed, or otherwise elastically compressible, allowing for compression of the adhesive pattern during storage of the stacked shingles, and subsequent recovery or expansion of the adhesive after release or removal of this compressive force, such that the adhesive recovers, after compression, to a thickness substantially or nearly that of (e.g., at least 75% of, at least 80% of, or at least 90% of) its original thickness, to provide effective bonding of the shingle to an adjacent shingle when installed on a roof. Many different types of elastically compressible adhesive materials may be used, including, for example, thermoplastic or crosslinkable polymers or crosslinkable polymer modified asphalts. In one such embodiment, the polymeric foam material (or other elastically compressible material) is configured such that the line of adhesive is compressible from a first, original thickness to a second thickness that is less than 25% of the first thickness when the shingle is subjected to a compressive force of about 6 psi, and subsequently expandable to a third thickness that is at least 75% of the first thickness when the compressive force is removed from the shingle. FIG. 11A illustrates a single layer shingle 300 (which may, but need not, be similar to the single layer shingle 10 of FIGS. 1 and 1A) having an elastically compressible line of adhesive 370, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The shingle 300 includes a shingle sheet 310 defining a continuous rear headlap portion 315 and a slotted or discontinuous front tab portion 317 (having any suitable arrangement of slots or cutouts defining one or more shingle tabs). The shingle sheet 310 includes a substrate layer 320, upper and lower asphalt coating layers 330, 340 adhered to the substrate layer, a layer of granules 350 adhered to the upper asphalt coating 330 to define an upper surface 301 of the shingle, and a layer of backdust 360 adhered to the lower asphalt coating 340 to define a lower surface 302 of the shingle 300. The line of adhesive 370 may be applied to the shingle in a variety of configurations. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 11A, the line of adhesive 370 is disposed on the lower surface 302 of the shingle tab portion 317, proximate the front edge of the tabs, for adhesion to an upper surface of a headlap portion of an underlying shingle. Similar to other exemplary embodiments described and shown herein, the line of adhesive may be differently positioned (e.g., on an upper surface of the headlap portion proximate the junction with the tab portion), and may be continuous or discontinuous. As shown, the line of adhesive 370 as originally provided (e.g., sprayed, pumped, printed, dispensed, or otherwise applied) has a first thickness t1. When the shingle 300 is stacked and/or bundled with other shingles 300a, 300b, 300c (optionally with the shingles stacked such that every other of the shingles is inverted and turned 180 degrees relative to an adjacent shingle), as shown in FIG. 11B, the line of adhesive 370 is compressible to a second thickness t2 (for example, a thickness that is less than about 50% of the first thickness t1, or less than about 25% of the first thickness t1), for example, due to compressive forces applied to the adhesive as a result of the weight of the shingles stacked on top of the shingle 300, or the tightness of the bundling (e.g., a compressive force of about 5 or 6 psi). When the shingle 300 is separated from the stack of shingles, for example, for installation on a roof, as shown in FIG. 11C, the line of adhesive 370 expands or recovers to a third thickness t3 that may be substantially, nearly, or approaching that of (e.g., at least about 75% of, at least about 80% of, or at least about 90% of) the original, first thickness t1. When applying the line of adhesive 370 to the shingle 300, the original thickness t1 of the adhesive may be selected based on the expected expansion or recovery of the compressed line of adhesive, to provide a recovered thickness t3 that is sufficient to provide an effective adhesive bond with the adjacent installed shingle. In an exemplary embodiment, a shingle is provided with a line of adhesive having an original, first thickness t1 of about 0.04 inches to about 0.05 inches, a compressed, second thickness t2 (e.g., resulting from a compressive force of about 6 psi) of less than about 0.01 inches to less than about 0.0125 inches, and a recovered, third thickness of at least about 0.03 inches to at least about 0.0375 inches. FIG. 12A illustrates a two-layer, laminated shingle 400 (which may, but need not, be similar to the laminated shingle 20 of FIGS. 2 and 2A, and uses similar reference numbers accordingly) having an elastically compressible line of adhesive 470, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The line of adhesive 470 is disposed on the lower surface 402 of the underlay sheet 420 in the shingle tab portion 417, proximate the front edge of the tabs, for adhesion to an upper surface of a headlap portion of an underlying shingle. Similar to other exemplary embodiments described and shown herein, the line of adhesive may be differently positioned (e.g., on an upper surface of the headlap portion proximate the junction with the tab portion), and may be continuous or discontinuous. As shown, the line of adhesive 470 as originally provided (e.g., sprayed, pumped, printed, dispensed, or otherwise applied) has a first thickness t1. When the shingle 400 is stacked and/or bundled with other shingles 400a (optionally with the shingles stacked such that every other of the shingles is inverted and turned 180 degrees relative to an adjacent shingle), as shown in FIG. 12B, the line of adhesive 470 is compressible to a second thickness t2 (for example, a thickness that is less than about 50% of the first thickness t1, or a thickness that is less than about 25% of the first thickness t1), for example, due to compressive forces applied to the adhesive as a result of the weight of the shingles stacked on top of the shingle 400, or the tightness of the bundling (e.g., a compressive force of about 5 or 6 psi). When the shingle 400 is separated from the stack of shingles, for example, for installation on a roof, as shown in FIG. 12C, the line of adhesive 470 expands or recovers to a third thickness t3 that may be substantially, nearly, or approaching that of (e.g., at least about 75% of, at least about 80% of, or at least about 90% of) the original, first thickness t1. When applying the line of adhesive 470 to the shingle 400, the original thickness t1 of the adhesive may be selected based on the expected expansion or recovery of the compressed line of adhesive, to provide a recovered thickness t3 that is sufficient to provide an effective adhesive bond with the adjacent installed shingle. In other embodiments, a second line of adhesive may be provided, in addition to the elastically compressible line of adhesive, to adapt the shingle for bonded installation in a variety of environments (e.g., a variety of temperature conditions). For example, a shingle may include a first line of sealant formed from a heat sensitive or thermally activated foamed adhesive material having a first minimum activation temperature (e.g., about 135° F.), and a second line of sealant formed from a non-foamed (i.e., substantially plastically compressible) adhesive material having a second activation temperature (e.g., about 20° F.) lower than the first minimum activation temperature. In one such embodiment, the exterior surface of the first, higher activation temperature line of foamed adhesive may be coated with a second, lower activation temperature line of non-foamed adhesive, such that initial adhesive contact with an adjacent shingle is made by the lower activation temperature line of adhesive, for more immediate adhesion at lower temperatures. In an alternative embodiment, a shingle may be provided with a polymer foam material that includes an adhesive on a top surface and/or a bottom surface thereof. The polymer foam material is capable of being compressed during storage of the stacked shingles, and subsequently recovering or expanding after release or removal of the compressive forces due to the weight of the stacked shingles. The polymer foam material may be applied to the shingle in any of various arrangements described herein with respect to the lines, beads, or segments of adhesive. For example, a first line of polymer foam material may be adhered to one of an upper surface of a headlap portion of a shingle and a lower surface of a tab portion of a shingle, and a second line of polymer foam material may be adhered to one of the upper surface of the headlap portion of the shingle and the lower surface of the tab portion of the shingle. The first line of polymer foam material may include a first adhesive comprising a first thermally activated adhesive material on a top surface and/or a bottom surface thereof. The second line of polymer foam material may include a second adhesive comprising a second thermally activated adhesive material having a minimum activation temperature less than a minimum activation temperature of the first thermally activated adhesive material. Exemplary polymer foam materials include, but are not limited to, acrylic foams, polyethylene foams, urethane foams, sponge rubber foams, and vinyl foams. The polymer foam may be an open-cell foam or a closed-cell foam. The adhesive applied to a surface of the polymer foam may be any of the adhesives or sealants described herein. According to another aspect of the present application, a shingle may be provided with a heat activated adhesive or sealant that comprises an inert material to resist compression or flattening. The adhesive has a lower activation temperature. The inert material may be sea sand or another inert, substantially spherical, proppant-type material, non-limiting examples of which include: limestone, talc, dolomite, sand (including sea sand), glass spheres, granule fines, and other like materials. In certain embodiments, the inert material has a particle size such that preferably 100% passing 100 mesh. In certain embodiments, the inert material has a particle size from 100% passing 40 mesh screens, including 100% retained on the 140 mesh screen to 100% passing 20 mesh, 100% retained on 50 mesh screen and preferably in the range of 100% passing 40 mesh, 100% retained on 100 mesh. The purpose of the inert material is to reduce or minimize the compressibility of the bead. Desirable properties of the inert material include reinforcement strength, provide little impact on viscosity of the adhesive, non-absorbancy, and it should not reduce the tack of the adhesive at activation temperature. In certain embodiments, a bead (or line) of first adhesive has a first thickness. In certain embodiments, the first bead of adhesive comprises an inert material and resists compression such that it is compressible to at least about 75% of, at least about 80% of, or at least about 90% of the original, first thickness t1. In certain embodiments, a bead of a first adhesive comprises an inert material in an amount of 10% to 70% by weight of the first adhesive. In certain embodiments, a bead of a first adhesive comprises an inert material in an amount of 20% to 60% by weight of the first adhesive. As another example, a shingle may include a first line of sealant formed from a first, higher activation temperature foamed adhesive material, and a second line of sealant formed from a second, lower activation temperature foamed adhesive material. The first and second lines of foamed thermally activated adhesive may be provided in a variety of arrangements and locations on single layer or two-layer shingles as described above and shown in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3-10A. While the first and second lines of adhesive may have substantially the same original (pre-compression) thickness (t1), and/or substantially the same post-recovery thickness (t3), in other embodiments, the second, lower temperature line of adhesive may have a greater thickness than the first, higher temperature line of adhesive, for example, to provide for or to ensure increased contact between the first line of adhesive and the adjacent shingle prior to activation of the first adhesive material. FIG. 13 illustrates exemplary single layer shingles 500, 600 which may, but need not, be similar to the single layer shingle 10 of FIG. 1, each having a first sealant 570, 670 (shown in phantom) and a second sealant 580, 680 (shown in phantom) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present application. As shown, each shingle 500, 600 includes a shingle sheet 510, 610 defining a continuous rear headlap portion 515, 615 and a slotted or discontinuous front tab portion 517, 617. Each shingle sheet 510, 610 may include a substrate layer, upper and lower asphalt coating layers adhered to the substrate layer (e.g., a non-woven web of glass fibers), a layer of granules adhered to the upper asphalt coating to define an upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheets 510, 610, and a layer of backdust adhered to the lower asphalt coating to define a lower surface 502, 602 of the shingle sheets 510, 610. With continued reference to FIG. 13, each shingle 500, 600 may also include a channel or recess 519, 619 formed on the headlap portion 515, 615 of the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610. The channel 519, 619 defines or is positioned in a “nail zone” of the shingle 500, 600, which, among other things, provides a visual indication to the shingle installer as to the proper location on the shingle to secure the shingle to a roof deck with nails. In other embodiments, the nail zone can be identified by other visual indicators, such as paint. The channel 519, 619 may be formed in a variety of ways. In certain embodiments, the channel 519, 619 may be formed by attaching a reinforcement material to the shingle sheet 510, 610 by the upper asphalt coating layer. However, the reinforcement material may be attached to the shingle sheet 510, 610 by any suitable means, such as other adhesives. When attached to the shingle sheet 510, 610, the reinforcement material is recessed with respect to the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610. In other words, the reinforcement material defines the channel 519, 619 on the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610. The reinforcement material may be formed from a variety of materials that reinforce and strengthen the nail zone of a shingle. In certain embodiments, the reinforcement material may be formed from paper, polymer film, scrim material, woven glass, or non-woven glass. In one embodiment, the reinforcement material is formed from polyester. In another embodiment, the reinforcement material is formed from polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene. In yet another embodiment, the reinforcement material is formed from non-woven glass. In certain embodiments, the reinforcement material may be perforated or otherwise porous. In certain embodiments, the channel 519, 619 may be formed by a layer of granules on the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610 that comprise granules which are at least 50% smaller than granules applied to the remainder of the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 500, 600. In certain embodiments, the layer of granules forming the channel 519, 619 comprise granules which are at least 75% smaller, including at least 80% smaller, at least 85% smaller, and also including at least 90% smaller than the granules applied to the remainder of the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610. In certain embodiments, the layer of small granules forming the channel 519, 619 may be the same material used for the layer of backdust (e.g., pulverized sand, talc, mica, calcium carbonate, ground recycled glass). In certain embodiments, the channel 519, 619 can be achieved by reducing the thickness and/or the amount of asphalt coating applied to a portion of the headlap portion 515, 615 of the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610. In certain embodiments, the channel 519, 619 can be achieved by a combination of a layer of small granules and a reduction in the thickness and/or the amount of asphalt coating applied to a portion of the headlap portion 515, 615 of the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610. In certain embodiments, the channel 519, 619 can be achieved by a combination of a reinforcement material and a reduction in the thickness and/or the amount of asphalt coating applied to a portion of the headlap portion 515, 615 of the upper surface 501, 601 of the shingle sheet 510, 610. The first sealant 570, 670 and the second sealant 580, 680 may be applied to the shingle 500, 600 in a variety of configurations. As seen in FIG. 13, the first sealant 570 and the second sealant 580 of shingle 500 are disposed (e.g., sprayed, pumped, printed, dispensed, or otherwise applied) on the lower surface 502 of the shingle tab portion 517 for adhesion to the upper surface 601 of the headlap portion 615 of underlying shingle 600, such as on the channel 619 of underlying shingle 600. In other embodiments, the first sealant 570, 670 and the second sealant 580, 680 may be disposed (e.g., sprayed, pumped, printed, dispensed, or otherwise applied) on the upper surface 601 of the shingle headlap portion 615 for adhesion to the lower surface 502 of the shingle tab portion 517 of overlying shingle 500. The first sealant 570, 670 comprises an adhesive material that is capable of sealing, bonding, or otherwise adhering together asphalt shingles at a low temperature. As used in this context, the term “low temperature” refers to a temperature of
{'bibliographic_information': "{'country': 'US', 'doc-number': '15783366', 'kind': 'B2', 'date': '20171013', 'invention_title': 'Shingle sealing arrangements'}", 'source_file': './grant/2020/ipg200121.xml', 'source_data': 'USPTO-Grant'}