# embeddings_queue

created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: c086b4ac-c917-4c73-b5b8-b79b3b3d2018
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.113. Exercise of servitude rights\n\n\n1. Rights granted by a servitude must be exercised in accordance with their intended purpose to minimise inconvenience to the owner of the servient thing.\n\n\n2. While exercising the rights granted by a servitude, the servitude holder must not violate the rights of other owners.\n\n\n3. In establishing a servitude, the obligation to build construction works, to plant plants or perform other works that are necessary for the exercise of servitude rights may be imposed.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.114. Obligation of the servitude holder to properly maintain the servient thing\n\n\n1. If, in order to exercise in a normal way the rights granted by a servitude, it is necessary to repair or otherwise properly maintain the servient thing, the servitude holder must carry out all such tasks in a proper and timely manner unless the contract provides otherwise.\n\n\n2. In cases where the owner of the servient thing himself also exercises the rights constituting the content of the servitude, the obligation to properly maintain the servient thing shall be borne by both subjects in proportion to their use of the thing unless the contract provides otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 4ccce4bc-6808-4faf-988c-4e0bb71c8bb5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.115. Validity of the servitude when the servient thing is divided\n\nWhere the servient thing is divided, the previously established servitude shall remain due for all parts of the servient thing except when, at the time of division, the servitude was valid or was established exclusively in respect of a definite part of the servient thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.116. Validity of the servitude when the dominant thing is divided\n\n\n1. Where the dominant thing is divided, the previously established servitude shall remain due for all parts of the dominant thing except when, at the time of division, the servitude was valid or was established exclusively in respect of a definite part of the dominant thing.\n\n\n2. The division of the dominant thing may not further encumber the servient thing (in case of a servitude of the right of way, all owners of the divided dominant thing must use the same way in respect of which the servitude was established).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.117. Servitude of the right of way\n\nBy a servitude of the right of way, the right to use a footpath, a road for land vehicles, and a path to drive cattle may be established."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: ca2c6147-6b20-43c1-a878-688b918e4eb9
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.118. Servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a footpath\n\n\n1. When the right to use a footpath is granted by a servitude of the right of way without determining any additional possibility to use the footpath for any other purposes and without determining any restrictions on its use, it shall be deemed that such footpath may be used by pedestrians, bicycles without engines and cattle led on a leash.\n\n\n2. If, in establishing a servitude of the right of way that grants the right to use a footpath, the width of the path is not defined and it is not possible to define the width based on the previous footpath, if such a footpath existed, it shall be considered that it is possible to use a one-meter footpath."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 9ffe4943-3f80-4483-94db-dba0c76c0f57
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.119. Servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a road for driving vehicles\n\n\n1. When the right to use a road for driving vehicles is granted by a servitude of the right of way without determining any additional possibility to use the road for any other purposes and without determining any restrictions on its use, it shall be considered that it is possible to use it for driving various vehicles and use it as a footpath.\n\n\n2. If, when establishing a servitude of the right of way that grants the right to use a road for driving vehicles, the width of the road is not defined and it is not possible to define the width based on the previous road, if such a road existed, it shall be considered that it is possible to use a four-meter road. In cases where it is likely that such a road may be used for driving specialised vehicles of big dimensions, the owner of the land plot in respect of which the servitude of the right of way, granting the right to use the road for driving vehicles, was established shall have no right to plant bushes or trees within three meters of the sides of the road."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 41350b9b-e08e-473a-b283-3efb26031d5b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.120. Servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a road/path to drive cattle\n\n\n1. When a servitude of the right of way grants the right to use a road/path to drive cattle without determining any additional possibility to use it for any other purposes and without determining any restrictions on its use, it shall be considered that such a road/path may only be used to drive cattle and the servitude holder may use it as a footpath.    \n\n\n2. The right to use a road/path to drive cattle granted by a servitude of the right of way shall not confer the right to graze cattle by the roadside or on the path and alongside it.\n\n\n3. If, in establishing a servitude of the right of way that grants the right to use a road/path to drive cattle, the width of the road/path is not defined and it is not possible to define the width based on the previous road/path, if such a road/path existed, it shall be considered that it is possible to use a four-meter road/path."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: a546fc98-66d0-44b1-9fc2-7878e4cd063e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.121. Determination of the location and direction of the road/path\n\nWhen a servitude of the right of way grants the right to use a footpath, a road for land vehicles or a path to drive cattle without defining the location and direction of the road/path, it shall be considered that the right of use is granted in respect of the existing road/path or, where such a road does not exist, the previous road/path, or, if the latter did not exist or it is not possible to determine its location and direction, the owner of the thing shall have the right to choose the location and direction of the road/path by adhering, if possible, to the principle that the location to be chosen meets as far as possible the road/path requirements."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 090252d6-b5cf-4483-97c9-0c844f4832a5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.122. Servitude of construction works\n\nA servitude established in respect of construction works may grant the right to lean the dominant construction works against or attach it to the servient thing, to infix hooks or other fastenings into the wall (construction) of the servient construction works and use them, to construct and erect parts of construction works suspended over the servient plot of land or construction works, to forbid the owner of the servient plot of land to build construction works that obstruct the light or the existing view, as well as to perform other acts that are not prohibited by law or to require that the owner of the servient thing refrain from the execution of definite acts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.123. Other servitudes\n\nServitudes granting the right to lay down underground or aboveground communications and maintain and use them, as well as other servitudes, may be established.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF A SERVITUDE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 88789141-78ed-4cc0-a652-a143cfd95024
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF A SERVITUDE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.124. Grounds and time for the establishment of a servitude\n\n\n1. A servitude may be established by laws, transactions and by a court judgment. In cases stipulated by laws, a servitude may be established by an administrative act.\n\n\n2. Rights and obligations arising from a servitude in respect of subjects shall become effective only after the registration of the servitude, except where the servitude is established by laws.\n\n\n3. In establishing servitudes, in all cases the will of the owner of the thing to become the dominant thing must be present, except where a servitude is established by laws or by a court judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.125. Establishment of a servitude by transactions\n\nOnly the owner of the thing to become the servient thing shall have the right to establish servitudes by transactions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.126. Establishment of a servitude by a court judgment\n\n\n1. A servitude shall be established by a court judgment when owners fail to come to a mutual agreement, whereas without the establishment of a servitude it would be not possible to use the thing for its intended purpose at reasonable costs.\n\n\n2. The owner or the possessor of the thing may apply to court for the establishment of a servitude by a court judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 60df09f1-f702-4c0b-aa25-da25a7f46c09
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.127. Restrictions on the establishment of a servitude\n\n\n1. It shall be allowed to establish a new servitude in respect of the servient thing provided that the previously established servitude is not violated thereby.\n\n\n2. It shall be allowed to establish a servitude in respect of an immovable thing subject to mortgage only with the consent of all creditors, with the exception of cases where the servitude is established by laws, an administrative act or a court judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: a70aaf66-c24e-4fa8-bacf-0b6e6d58b362
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.128. Things in respect of which a servitude may be established\n\n\n1. A servitude may be established in respect of an immovable thing which, by its permanent characteristics, may ensure proper usage of the dominant thing for an indefinite period.\n\n\n2. Having established the servitude, things becoming servient and dominant need not necessarily have a common border.  Above all, due to the established servitude the thing becoming servient should, by its permanent characteristics, provide the thing becoming dominant the permanent benefit sought by the establishment of the servitude.\n\n\n3. If, at the time of the establishment of a servitude, a definite part of the thing in respect of which the servitude is established was not determined, it shall be considered that the servitude was established in respect of the entire thing. However, when in accordance with the rights of use granted by the servitude in respect of the servient thing it is possible to use equally well both the entire thing and a part thereof and whereby the proper usage of the dominant thing is ensured, the owner of the servient thing shall have the right to determine the part of the thing where the rights established by the servitude may be used."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 5554466a-4cc9-47bb-85ed-c69afc5f30e7
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.129. Compensation for damages incurred due to the establishment of a servitude\n\nDamages incurred due to the establishment of a servitude shall be compensated in accordance with the procedure established by laws. The obligation of the owner of the dominant thing to pay a lump sum or instalments to the owner of the servient thing may be established by laws, contracts, a court judgment or an administrative act.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nEXTINCTION OF A SERVITUDE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 294c3f84-385d-4cc2-880f-3fc9acb78f1b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION THREE\n\nEXTINCTION OF A SERVITUDE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.130. Grounds and time for the extinction of a servitude\n\n\n1. A servitude shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by renunciation;\n\n\n2) by the union of the qualities of the owner of the servient and the dominant thing in one person;\n\n\n3) by destruction of the servient or the dominant thing;\n\n\n4) by deterioration of the condition of the servient thing;\n\n\n5) by the end of necessity of the servitude;\n\n\n6) by prescription.\n\n\n2. A servitude may be extinguished only on the grounds laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n3. The time of de-registration of the servitude shall be deemed to be the moment of extinction of the servitude, except for cases provided for in points 2 and 3 of paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n4. The owner of the servient or the dominant thing may apply to the public register for the extinction of the servitude."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d780de8e-33f3-4db5-83e0-e5399ec14e37
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.131. Renunciation of a servitude\n\n\n1. The owner of the dominant thing may only renounce the existing servitude for the benefit of the owner of the servient thing.  \n\n\n2. When a servitude grants several rights of use in respect of one and the same thing, it shall be possible to renounce only some of the rights.\n\n\n3. When the dominant thing belongs to several owners, the renunciation of the servitude shall become effective only upon the joint consent of all persons.\n\n\n4. The renunciation of an existing servitude must be done in writing.\n\n\n5. The owner of the dominant thing must notify the owner of the servient thing about the renunciation of the servitude no later than six months in advance; the owner of the dominant thing must also compensate for the damage incurred due to the termination of the servitude to the owner of the servient thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: c6fe1b8d-84c6-41a5-837e-2ccd6d0527e5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.132. Extinction of a servitude by the union of the qualities of the owner of the servient and the dominant thing in one person\n\n\n1. A servitude shall extinguish only when the same person becomes the owner of both the entire dominant and the entire servient thing.\n\n\n2. If the same person becomes the owner of only a part of the dominant and the servient thing, the servitude shall remain in effect for the rest of the thing.\n\n\n3. When the servient thing belongs to several persons, a servitude shall extinguish only when all owners of the servient thing acquire the dominant thing by the right of ownership.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.133. Extinction of a servitude by destruction of the servient or the dominant thing  \n\nA servitude shall extinguish when the dominant or the servient thing is destroyed."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d8dd9479-6d9a-4fbd-aac4-c29783da041e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.134. Extinction of a servitude by deterioration of the condition of the servient thing\n\n\n1. If the servient thing deteriorates to the extent that it can no longer perform the functions of a servient thing, the servitude shall also extinguish.    \n\n\n2. The servitude that extinguished due to deterioration of the servient thing shall be renewed if the thing regains properties whereby it may again perform the functions of a servient thing. In this case, it shall be irrelevant even if, within the period of time during which the deteriorated thing could not perform the functions of a servient thing, the servitude would have been extinguished by prescription.\n\n\n3. The owner of the servient thing and the owner of the dominant thing shall mutually agree on the extinction or renewal of the servitude. In case of a dispute, the court shall adopt a judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 15407ff6-9f76-4b9a-82d7-bacf5d1dd7c2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.135. Extinction of a servitude by the end of necessity of the servitude\n\n\n1. When circumstances change to such an extent that the dominant thing may be properly used without using the servient thing, the rights of the owner of the servient thing to use this thing shall not be restricted and the servitude shall extinguish by agreement between the owner of the servient thing and the owner of the dominant thing.\n\n\n2. In the event of failure by the owner of the servient thing and the owner of the dominant thing to reach an agreement, the court shall adopt a judgment on the extinction of the servitude."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 56e5f056-8b24-49c7-83c8-88b6390d3b56
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.136. Extinction of a servitude by prescription\n\n\n1. A servitude shall extinguish by prescription if the person entitled thereto has not voluntarily, within a period of ten years, himself or through other persons used the rights granted by the servitude. \n\n\n2. A time period during which the rights granted by a servitude have not been used, whether due to force majeure or to impediments created by the owner or the possessor of the servient thing, shall not be included into the prescriptive period.\n\n\n3. If the servitude holder has exercised the rights granted by a servitude within a period of ten years only in respect of a part of the servient thing, the servitude in respect of the rest of the servient thing shall extinguish. \n\n\n4. A servitude may not extinguish by prescription if at least a part of the rights granted by the servitude have been used.\n\n\n5. When the time period of prescription elapses, the servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a road or a path leading to a cemetery may not extinguish.\n\n\n6. A judgment on the extinction of a servitude by prescription shall be adopted by the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: e9ecf6ed-0d34-48eb-81a6-8f4261e2c41a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.137. Extinction of a servitude of construction works by prescription\n\nA servitude of construction works shall extinguish by prescription only when the owner of the dominant thing, either himself or through other persons, has failed to use the rights granted by the servitude within a time period of ten years and has done something to the servient thing that is incompatible with the use of the rights granted by the servitude.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.138. Right of the servitude holder to claim compensation for damages\n\nIf the owner or the possessor of the servient thing impedes the servitude holder\u2019s exercise of rights granted by the servitude, the servitude holder shall have the right to claim compensation for damages arising from such an impediment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d7702053-b189-4384-bd6d-624940ef7fa2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.139. Defence of the rights of the owner of the servient thing\n\n\n1. If the servitude holder fails to properly exercise the rights of use of the servient thing granted by the servitude and thereby violates the rights of the owner of the servient thing, the owner of the servient thing shall have the right to request the elimination of any violations, even those not related to the loss of possession.\n\n\n2. In cases where the servitude restricts the right to a part of the thing, the owner of the servient thing shall have the right to request the substitution of the part of the thing in respect of which the right is restricted by the servitude by another part of the thing, provided such a substitution assists the owner of the servient thing in avoiding excessive losses arising from the servitude.\n\n\n3. Following the extinction of the servitude, the servitude holder, provided the owner of the servient thing requests so, must restore the thing to its original state that existed before the establishment of the servitude. The servitude holder may not be requested to eliminate alterations of the thing that appeared irrespectively of the existence of the servitude unless the laws or the contract provide otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 48707d68-328f-4213-b021-a737b8c2b744
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.140. Liability in respect of property obligations arising from a servitude\n\n\n1. If the servient or the dominant thing belongs, by the right of ownership, to several owners, they shall be jointly and severally liable in respect of property obligations arising from the servitude.\n\n\n2. If the servient or the dominant thing is transferred to another person, the transferor and the transferee of the thing shall be jointly and severally liable in respect of property obligations arising from the servitude before the transfer of the thing.      \n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VIII\n\nUSUFRUCT\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.141. Concept of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Usufruct shall mean the right (the right of the usufructuary) of use and enjoyment, granted for a period of a person\u2019s life or for a certain period that may not be longer than a lifetime of a person, of a thing of another\u2019s and of its fruits, products and revenue.\n\n\n2. Usufruct may be established for the benefit of one or several persons (either jointly or severally)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: e35bd3c0-f742-4788-8e82-abdbf5862cb5
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.142. Object of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Each non-consumable thing, whether movable or immovable, that is the object of the right of ownership may be the object of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. By acquiring the usufruct in respect of a principal thing, the usufructuary shall also acquire the usufruct in respect of secondary things unless the contract or laws provide otherwise.    \n\n\n3. The object of the usufruct shall be transferred to the usufructuary pursuant to the inventory.\n\n\n4. If the owner of the thing in respect of which the usufruct has been established changes, the usufruct shall remain due."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: c8ae6020-be7d-494f-b3e4-2fceb180e63f
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.143. Content of the usufruct"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 1a8d94d3-e6f9-4f76-920a-6aee6f26424b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The usufructuary shall have the right to use the thing as prescribed or, if not prescribed, in accordance with its intended purpose as though he were its diligent owner.\n\n\n2. Fruits, products and revenue produced by the thing while exercising the usufruct shall belong to the usufructuary unless the contract or laws provide otherwise.  \n\n\n3. The content of the usufruct shall be established on a case-by-case basis at the establishment of the usufruct. The subject establishing the usufruct may establish only such rights granted by the usufruct that are in compliance with the usage of the thing in accordance with its intended purpose.\n\n\n4. If the usufruct is established in respect of the thing that is the object of the right of co-ownership, the usufructuary shall enjoy the same rights of possession and use of the thing as though he were its co-owner.\n\n\n5. The usufructuary shall have the right to request the performance of obligations arising from the object of the usufruct and to accept contributions.\n\n\n6. The usufructuary shall have no right to transfer the usufruct to another person; however, he may transfer the right of use to another person. In that event, both subjects shall be jointly and severally liable in respect of their obligations. The period of time for which the right of use of the usufruct"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 47851693-ea39-418b-b528-2507cfc96a03
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "both subjects shall be jointly and severally liable in respect of their obligations. The period of time for which the right of use of the usufruct is transferred to another person may not be longer than the period of time for which the usufruct is established. \n\n\n7. The usufructuary shall have no right to remake the object of the usufruct or change it in essence in some other way without the permission of the owner of the object of the usufruct or, in cases stipulated by laws, without a court judgment.\n\n\n8. The usufructuary shall have no rights in respect of a treasure trove found in the object of the usufruct or a part thereof that, pursuant to the law, belongs to the owner of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 114ec383-9f3b-4768-9ec5-2ae3b420765d
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.144. Obligations of the usufructuary\n\n\n1. The usufructuary must maintain and repair the object of the usufruct in so far as it is necessary to ensure its normal condition.\n\n\n2. In proportion to the possessed rights of use of the object of the usufruct and the revenue produced by it, the usufructuary must pay taxes and other fees in respect of the object of the usufruct unless the contract or laws provide otherwise. \n\n\n3. If the object of the usufruct is damaged or broken or it is necessary to perform non-routine improvement and repair works to protect it from unforeseen risks or when third persons assert their rights in respect of the object of the usufruct, the usufructuary must without delay notify the owner.\n\n\n4. In cases specified in the contract, the will or the law, the usufructuary must insure the object of the usufruct. If the usufructuary fails to insure the object of the usufruct, the owner thereof may insure it at the expense of the usufructuary.\n\n\n5. The usufructuary must submit, at his own expense, an annual report to the owner of the object of the usufruct unless otherwise provided in the terms and conditions of use of the usufruct."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 24e14d92-b27f-4441-8941-73b7d8c9cd6b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.145. Use of the usufruct in respect of land\n\n\n1. The usufructuary shall have no right to fell trees on the land subject to the usufruct, except those which have fallen and died naturally. The usufructuary must replace the destroyed trees unless otherwise provided in the terms and conditions of use of the usufruct.  \n\n\n2. The usufructuary may not extract minerals from the land, with the exception of cases where the extraction of minerals constitutes the purpose of the land use.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.146. Liability of the usufructuary\n\n\n1. The usufructuary shall be liable for the deterioration of the condition of the object of the usufruct resulting from improper use of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. If the usufructuary fails to perform the principal obligations arising from the usufruct, the court may, on the request of the owner of the object of the usufruct, appoint an administrator of the object of the usufruct.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF THE USUFRUCT"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 0b799194-cc8c-401c-bb69-85d52353ba1f
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF THE USUFRUCT\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.147. Grounds and time for the establishment of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Usufruct may be established by laws, by court judgments in the cases prescribed by laws, and by transactions.\n\n\n2. Rights arising from the usufruct in respect of the thing that must be legally registered and the obligations in respect of subjects shall arise only after the registration of the usufruct, with the exception of cases where the usufruct is established by law.\n\n\n3. The usufruct in respect of a movable thing that is not subject to mandatory legal registration shall begin from the moment of transfer of the thing unless otherwise provided by law (when the usufruct is established by law), by a transaction (when the usufruct is established by a transaction), or by a court judgment (when the usufruct is established by a court judgment).\n\n\n4. At the establishment of the usufruct, the will of the person who becomes the usufructuary must be present, except where the usufruct is established by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.148. Establishment of the usufruct by transactions\n\nOnly the owner of the thing himself shall have the right to establish the usufruct by transactions."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: bd67ee5e-99c3-4c52-b5ce-a6f4a8017491
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.149. Restrictions on the establishment of the usufruct\n\nA new usufruct may be established in respect of the things that have already had the usufruct established in respect of them, provided the rights granted by the newly established usufruct do not coincide with the rights previously established by the usufruct and the exercise of the rights granted by the new usufruct will not infringe the rights of the existing usufructuary.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nEXTINCTION OF THE USUFRUCT"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.150. Grounds and time for the extinction of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Usufruct shall be extinguished:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d95f6e38-6b0f-415f-88a0-d5fc3fa8be14
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) by renunciation;\n\n\n2) by the death of the usufructuary, by the dissolution of the legal person that is the usufructuary or by the expiry of a term of 30 years from the establishment of the usufruct in respect of the legal person;\n\n\n3) by the expiry of a time period or when a legal fact laid down in the resolutory condition becomes effective;\n\n\n4) when the usufructuary becomes the owner of the object of the usufruct;\n\n\n5) by destruction of the object of the usufruct;\n\n\n6) by deterioration of the condition of the object of the usufruct;\n\n\n7) by prescription;\n\n\n8) by extinguishing the usufruct by a court judgment.\n\n\n2. Usufruct may be extinguished only on the grounds laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n3. The time of extinction of the usufruct shall be deemed to be the moment of its de-registration, except for cases provided for in points 2, 3, 4 and 5 of paragraph 1 of this Article and cases where the usufruct need not be registered.\n\n\n4. The usufruct established for the benefit of several persons shall extinguish by the extinction of the right of the last person unless provided otherwise.\n\n\n5. When the usufructuary cannot perform his obligations for serious reasons,"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 7698bc4f-738c-46dc-aae8-85151969b172
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "extinction of the right of the last person unless provided otherwise.\n\n\n5. When the usufructuary cannot perform his obligations for serious reasons, the usufruct may be converted to an annuity by agreement between the owner of the object of the usufruct and the usufructuary or by a court judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: c66ca946-11ce-4cca-ab38-68af51eb9518
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.151. Renunciation of the usufruct\n\n\n1. The usufructuary may renounce the existing usufruct only in favour of the owner of the object of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. When the usufruct grants several rights of use in respect of the same thing, some of the rights may be renounced.\n\n\n3. The renunciation of the existing usufruct must be done in writing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.152. Extinction of the usufruct by the death of the usufructuary, by the dissolution of the legal person or by the expiry of a term of 30 years from the establishment of the usufruct in respect of the legal person\n\n\n1. When the usufructuary dies, the usufruct shall extinguish irrespective of whether it was established for a fixed period or a lifetime of a specific person. When the usufruct extinguishes by the death of the usufructuary, his assignees must return the thing to the owner.\n\n\n2. The thing held by the legal person in the capacity of the usufructuary must be returned to the owner following the decision to liquidate the legal person or after the expiry of 30 years from the establishment of the usufruct in respect of the legal person."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 61de4c31-6c95-485a-a58d-8425a3606a13
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.153. Extinction of the usufruct by the expiry of a time period or when a legal fact laid down in the resolutory condition becomes effective\n\n\n1. If at the time of the establishment of the usufruct its extinction date was specified or the termination of the usufruct was linked to the resolutory condition, the usufruct shall extinguish upon the expiry of the fixed time period or when the legal fact laid down in the resolutory condition becomes effective.\n\n\n2. If the usufruct was established for a period of time until a third person reaches a certain age, it shall continue until the date the person reaches that age or, in the event of his death, would have reached that age.\n\n\n3. If the usufruct was established for a period of time until conditions relating to a third person appear, the usufructuary shall retain his rights until the end of his life if the third person dies before the appearance of the conditions and therefore the conditions foreseen cannot appear."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 43d39e50-d361-4829-ae75-04fe0920242e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.154. Extinction of the usufruct when the usufructuary becomes the owner of the object of the usufruct\n\n\n1. When the usufructuary becomes the owner of the entire object of the usufruct, the usufruct shall extinguish.\n\n\n2. If the usufructuary becomes the owner of only a part of the object of the usufruct, the usufruct shall remain in respect of the rest of the thing.  \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.155. Extinction of the usufruct by destruction of the object of the usufruct\n\nWhen the object of the usufruct is destroyed, the usufruct shall extinguish."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: c0b8fc02-1159-405e-bed8-2bab15f789fa
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.156. Extinction of the usufruct by deterioration of the condition of the object of the usufruct\n\n\n1. When the condition of the object of the usufruct deteriorates to such an extent that it can no longer be used in accordance with its intended purpose, the usufruct shall extinguish.\n\n\n2. The usufruct that extinguished due to the deteriorated condition of its object shall be renewed if the object of the usufruct regains the properties whereby it can again perform the functions of the object of the usufruct.  In this case, it shall be irrelevant even if, within the period of time during which the deteriorated object of the usufruct could not be used in accordance with its intended purpose, the usufruct would have been extinguished by prescription.\n\n\n3. A decision on the extinction and renewal of the usufruct shall be adopted by mutual agreement between the owner of the object of the usufruct and the usufructuary. In case of a dispute, the court shall adopt a judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 275551e9-1a39-4b91-9f66-e8bbe5cd1bb4
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.157. Extinction of the usufruct by prescription\n\n\n1. The usufruct established in respect of an immovable thing shall extinguish by prescription if within a period of ten years the usufructuary, himself or through other persons, has not continuously and voluntarily used the rights granted by the usufruct.\n\n\n2. The usufruct established in respect of a movable thing shall extinguish by prescription if within a period of three years the usufructuary, himself or through other persons, has not voluntarily used the rights granted by the usufruct.\n\n\n3. A period of time during which the rights granted by the usufruct have not been used due to force majeure or the impediments created by the owner/possessor of the object of the usufruct shall not be included into the prescriptive period.\n\n\n4. If the usufructuary has, for a period of fifteen years, exercised the rights granted by the usufruct only by using a part of an immovable thing, the usufruct shall extinguish for the rest of the thing.\n\n\n5. The usufruct may not extinguish by prescription if at least a part of the rights granted by the usufruct have been used."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 4ac1ba88-832c-4869-b85b-e680ab30ffdc
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.158. Return of the object of the usufruct upon the extinction of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Upon the extinction of the usufruct, the usufructuary must return the object of the usufruct to its owner in the condition he received it, taking into account normal wear and tear, unless otherwise agreed at the time of the establishment of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. The usufructuary shall have the right to keep the parts used for the improvement of the thing, provided they can be separated and the object of the usufruct is not damaged thereby. If the improved parts cannot be separated or the thing has been improved in any other way, the usufructuary shall have the right to claim reimbursement for the improvement costs, but no more than the increase in the value of the thing, only on condition that he has improved the thing with the consent of the owner of the thing.    \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.159. Defence of the rights of the owner of the object of the usufruct\n\nIf the usufructuary fails to properly exercise the rights granted by the usufruct and thereby violates the rights of the owner of the thing, the owner of the object of the usufruct shall have the right to request the elimination of any violations, even those not related to the loss of possession."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d66a2d63-d618-49d9-85df-3534103c0f26
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER IX\n\nRIGHT OF SUPERFICIES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.160. Concept of the right of superficies\n\n\n1. The right of superficies shall mean the right to use the land of another\u2019s for building construction works or to acquire and possess the land by the right of ownership or by the right to use the subsoil.      \n\n\n2. The right of superficies may be granted regardless of other real rights of the future holder of the right of superficies or the granting of the right may depend on another real right or the lease of an immovable thing.      \n\n\n3. When the owner of the land, construction works or plants changes, the right of superficies shall remain.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.161. Retribution\n\nThe act establishing the right of superficies may stipulate that the superficiary is to pay to the owner of the land a lump sum or to pay by instalments."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 8404d0a7-f813-4145-850f-c9b6e8098e45
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.162. Content of the right of superficies\n\n\n1. The superficiary shall be entitled to acquire or to own construction works and perennial plants on the land held by another person by the right of ownership.\n\n\n2. In establishing the right of superficies, the right of the superficiary to build, use or demolish construction works or to plant plants or destroy them may be limited.\n\n\n3. The right of superficies may be established for a fixed or an indefinite period.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.163. Establishment of the right of superficies\n\nThe right of superficies shall be established by agreement between the landowner and the person becoming the superficiary or by the will of the landowner."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b227b143-1038-4016-b64a-b76f0de8844b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.164. Extinction of the right of superficies\n\n\n1. The right of superficies shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by the union of qualities of the superficiary and the owner of the land in one person;\n\n\n2) by the expiry of the term;\n\n\n3) by prescription if the superficiary fails to use the object of the right of superficies for ten years;\n\n\n4) when, for more than two years, the superficiary is in default of paying the fee specified in the act establishing the right of superficies.\n\n\n2. Upon the extinction of the right of superficies, the right of ownership to construction works or plants shall be transferred to the landowner. The landowner must reimburse the superficiary for their value provided this is specified in the act establishing the right of superficies.  \n\n\n3. The superficiary may remove the construction works or plants if he restores the land to its former condition and if the act establishing the right of superficies does not provide otherwise.\n\n\n4. The destruction of construction works or plants shall not constitute grounds for the extinction of the right of superficies unless the parties have agreed otherwise.  \n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER X\n\nEMPHYTEUSIS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 03ed8e90-99e8-48b5-9a5f-bebe75a7d83c
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER X\n\nEMPHYTEUSIS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.165. Concept of emphyteusis\n\n\n1. Emphyteusis shall mean a real right to use a plot of land or other immovable thing of another\u2019s provided the emphyteutic lessee does not aggravate its quality and does not undertake to build construction works, plant perennial plants and perform other works thereon that durably increase the value of the land or any other immovable thing used, except upon the consent of the emphyteutic lessor.\n\n\n2. Emphyteusis may be established for a fixed or an indefinite period. The term of emphyteusis may not be less than ten years.\n\n\n3. When the emphyteutic lessor or the emphyteutic lessee changes, emphyteusis shall remain due provided the assignees of the lessee use the leased thing properly and fulfil other obligations stipulated in the act establishing emphyteusis.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.166. Emphyteutic canon\n\nThe act establishing emphyteusis may stipulate that the emphyteutic lessee is to pay to the lessor of an immovable thing a lump sum or to pay for it by instalments."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.167. Establishment of emphyteusis\n\nEmphyteusis shall be established by agreement between the owner of the leased immovable thing and the emphyteutic lessee or by will."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 2fd6b6d3-f80e-45d5-9c3b-bd4105a26765
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.168. Content of emphyteusis\n\n\n1. Unless the act establishing emphyteusis provides otherwise, the emphyteutic lessee shall use the leased immovable thing as its owner, only without increasing its value essentially and having no right to change its intended purpose without the consent of the owner. If emphyteusis is established in respect of a land plot, the act establishing emphyteusis may stipulate the right of the emphyteutic lessee to build construction works or plant plants thereon necessary for the use of the land in accordance with its intended purpose.\n\n\n2. The emphyteutic lessee must maintain and repair the leased immovable thing at his own expense.\n\n\n3. Unless provided otherwise, the emphyteutic lessee shall enjoy the fruits produced by the leased immovable thing.\n\n\n4. The act establishing emphyteusis may stipulate that the emphyteutic lessee is not entitled to transfer his rights to another person or divide the right of emphyteusis without the consent of the lessor.\n\n\n5. Unless the act establishing emphyteusis provides otherwise, the emphyteutic lessee shall have the right of sublease. The sublessee shall not have more rights than the emphyteutic lessee. The sublease shall terminate upon the extinction of the emphyteusis."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.169. Extinction of emphyteusis\n\n\n1. Emphyteusis shall be extinguished:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: dbc66fdc-45e2-4032-92c3-e06fa5325344
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) by the expiry of the term;\n\n\n2) by destruction of the object of emphyteusis;\n\n\n3) by extinguishing the emphyteusis by a court judgment;\n\n\n4) by the union of the qualities of the emphyteutic lessor and the emphyteutic lessee in one person;\n\n\n5) by failure to use the object of emphyteusis for ten years;\n\n\n6) by agreement between the parties.\n\n\n2. On the initiative of the emphyteutic lessor and the emphyteutic lessee, grounds for premature extinction of the emphyteusis may be stipulated in the act establishing emphyteusis.\n\n\n3. Emphyteusis may be modified or cancelled by a court judgment at the request of either the emphyteutic lessor or the emphyteutic lessee after the lapse of 25 years from the date of establishment of emphyteusis, provided that unforeseen circumstances appear whereby it is impossible to use the thing in conformity with earlier conditions.    \n\n\n4. Upon the extinction of emphyteusis, the emphyteutic lessee must return to the emphyteutic lessor the object of emphyteusis. The emphyteutic lessee must be compensated for the value of the improvements to the object of the emphyteusis,"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: ddc62a14-bcfc-44c7-8bb7-7812e053ddff
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "The emphyteutic lessee must be compensated for the value of the improvements to the object of the emphyteusis, provided that the improvements have been made upon the consent of the lessor.  The emphyteutic lessee shall have the right to suspend the transfer of the object of emphyteusis to the emphyteutic lessor until the lessor pays the compensation.    The emphyteutic lessor may retain the thing belonging to the emphyteutic lessee until the lessee settles accounts with him.\n\n\n5. If the act establishing emphyteusis stipulated the right of the emphyteutic lessee to build construction works or plant plants necessary for the use of the land in accordance with its intended purpose, the emphyteutic lessee may, upon the extinction of the emphyteusis, remove the construction works or plants provided he restores the land to its former condition and the act establishing emphyteusis does not provide otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: ab9bcfde-7b8d-4dfb-8d0a-a7bdbacff4d3
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XI\n\nMORTGAGE\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.170. Concept of the mortgage and its subjects"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The mortgage shall mean the real right to another\u2019s immovable thing whereby the performance of a present or future property obligation is secured without transferring the mortgaged property to the creditor.\n\n\n2. The mortgagor may, under a mortgage transaction, be the owner of the immovable thing that is the object of the mortgage. A trustee managing the thing by the right of trust of property shall have the right to mortgage the thing only in the cases where the laws or the transaction, on the basis whereof the right of trust of property arises, provide for the right to mortgage the thing managed by the right of trust. Laws, court judgments or transactions may provide for the right of the administrator of property of another person to mortgage the immovable thing.\n\n\n3. The mortgage shall entitle the owner of the real right hereof to satisfy the claim secured by the mortgage from the value of the object of the mortgage prior to other creditors of the debtor.\n\n\n4. The mortgage and its validity shall depend on the validity of the principal obligation secured by the mortgage.\n\n\n5. The mortgage shall not deprive the mortgagor of the right to possess, use and dispose of the mortgaged property with due consideration of the rights of the mortgagee unless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise. A subsequent mortgage of mortgaged property shall be permitted if the mortgage transaction does not provide otherwise.\n\n\n6. A mortgaged thing may be transferred to the ownership of another person"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "property shall be permitted if the mortgage transaction does not provide otherwise.\n\n\n6. A mortgaged thing may be transferred to the ownership of another person unless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise. With the transfer of the mortgaged thing to the ownership of another person, the mortgage shall follow the thing unless otherwise specified in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.171. Object of the mortgage"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Any immovable thing may be the object of the mortgage. Both movable property and property rights may be the object of the mortgage provided they are mortgaged together with immovable things under the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n2. A part of an immovable thing may also be the object of the mortgage.\n\n\n3. Unless the mortgage transaction establishes otherwise, the principal thing and all existing and future auxiliary things, except for the income obtained from the thing, shall be considered the object of the mortgage. Auxiliary things shall be considered mortgaged things even though they are not specified in the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n4. Unless the mortgage transaction establishes otherwise, the mortgaged thing, with the exception of land, must be insured.\n\n\n5. The mortgage shall also cover the insurance indemnity of the immovable thing.\n\n\n6. A thing owned by the right of co-ownership may be mortgaged only upon the consent of all co-owners. Where a part of the thing held in partial co-ownership is mortgaged, the consent of other co-owners shall not be necessary, however, the mortgaged part of the thing must be accurately defined in the contract providing for the order of use of the thing, concluded among the co-owners and attested by a notary.\n\n\n7. The owner of the mortgaged thing shall have no right to destroy, damage or otherwise reduce the value of the thing.\n\n\n8. The"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "The owner of the mortgaged thing shall have no right to destroy, damage or otherwise reduce the value of the thing.\n\n\n8. The risks of accidental destruction, damage or other decrease in value, with the exception of normal wear and tear of the thing, shall be borne by the owner of the mortgaged thing. The mortgage transaction may establish other rules for the distribution of the risks or their consequences provided for in this paragraph.\n\n\n9. A mortgaged thing which has ceased to be in possession of a mortgagee, a mortgagor or a third party who was in possession of it may be recovered by the mortgagee or the third party in accordance with Articles 4.95, 4.96 and 4.97 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "10. The Law on Merchant Shipping may provide for other rules than those laid down in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: aac8600f-e4c4-4bb7-9d94-0237d88c9173
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.172. Validity of the mortgage after the division of the mortgaged immovable thing\n\n\n1. After the division of the mortgaged immovable thing, the claim secured by the mortgage shall not be divided and shall remain valid for all immovable things resulting from the division. An agreement on the division of the claim secured by the mortgage shall not be valid.\n\n\n2. The order of priority in an auction sale of immovable things, belonging to different owners by the right of ownership, that resulted from the division of an immovable thing shall be established at the time of division by a written agreement of the owners of the thing. In the absence of a written agreement of the owners of the immovable thing, the order of priority in an auction sale of immovable things resulting from the division shall be established by a bailiff with due account taken of the proposals of the creditor and the interests of the debtors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.173. Validity of the mortgage after the joining of mortgaged immovable things\n\n\n1. Mortgaged immovable things may be joined only upon a written consent of the creditors whose order of priority in satisfying their claims will change after the joining of the things.   \n\n\n2. After joining together several mortgaged immovable things, the mortgage on each of them shall extend to the immovable thing resulting from the joining of the things. The order of priority in satisfying the claims of mortgagees shall be established in accordance with the time of registration of the mortgage in the public register.\n\n \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.174. Claims secured by the mortgage\n\n\n1. The mortgage shall secure the execution of the principal claim and the recovery of the interest arising from the claim.\n\n\n2. The mortgage transaction may contain an agreement of the parties that the payment of the penalty and the mortgagee\u2019s costs arising from the failure to execute the claim secured by the mortgage shall be secured by the maximum mortgage.        \n\n\n3. The amount of the claims secured by the mortgage may not be increased without a written consent of the creditors of successive priority."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.175. Types of the mortgage\n\n\n1. The mortgage may be compulsory or contractual.\n\n\n2. A contractual mortgage shall arise on the basis of a contract or a unilateral transaction (bearer instrument). A contractual mortgage arising on the basis of a unilateral transaction (bearer instrument) of the owner of the mortgaged thing shall be referred to as a bearer mortgage. The fulfilment of the obligation to the creditor by the owner of the thing subject to a bearer mortgage shall not be dependent on the principal claim the execution of which is secured by the established bearer mortgage.\n\n\n3. Where, in cases specified by laws, a mortgage in respect of an immovable thing is established against the will of the owner of the thing thereof to secure the execution of property claims provided for by laws, the mortgage shall be referred to as a compulsory mortgage. A compulsory mortgage shall arise on the basis of laws, court judgments or decisions of an authorised institution/officer in the following cases:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) where it is necessary to secure the execution of the claims of the State arising from the legal relations pertaining to taxes and the state social insurance;\n\n\n2) where it is necessary to secure the execution of the property claims satisfied by a court judgment;\n\n\n3) in other cases provided for by this Code.\n\n\n4. The procedure for the establishment of compulsory mortgages by the administrative bodies of the State Social Insurance Fund and tax administrators shall be laid down in the legal acts regulating the activities of these entities. The procedure for the establishment of a compulsory mortgage by a court judgment shall be regulated by the Code of Civil Procedure. Persons interested in the establishment of a compulsory mortgage arising on the basis of laws shall apply to the notary. A compulsory mortgage may be established in respect of an immovable thing that has already been mortgaged.\n\n\n5. The following types of contractual mortgages shall be distinguished:\n\n\n1) an enterprise mortgage;\n\n\n2) an ordinary mortgage;\n\n\n3) a joint mortgage;\n\n\n4) a mortgage of another\u2019s thing;\n\n\n5) a maximum mortgage;\n\n\n6) a common mortgage;\n\n\n7) a conditional mortgage.\n\n\n6. A mortgage arising on the basis of a single mortgage transaction may exhibit the characteristics of two or more types of contractual mortgages specified in paragraph 5 of this Article."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.176. Establishment of a compulsory mortgage to secure the execution of the claims of the State arising from the legal relations pertaining to taxes and the state social insurance\n\nA mortgage to secure the execution of the claims of the State arising from the legal relations pertaining to taxes and the state social insurance shall be established by the decision of a tax administrator or an administrative body of the State Social Insurance Fund. The decision shall indicate the thing in respect of which the compulsory mortgage is established, the owner of the thing who is the debtor, the grounds for the establishment of the compulsory mortgage, the term of the compulsory mortgage, and the amount of the claim."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 94736464-b0ae-4ff3-9339-f995dd378151
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.177. Enterprise mortgage\n\n\n1. Where an enterprise is mortgaged as immovable property, the mortgage shall be referred to as an enterprise mortgage. The mortgage transaction must indicate that it is an enterprise mortgage transaction.\n\n\n2. A deed of inventory of the enterprise assets must be annexed to the enterprise mortgage transaction.\n\n\n3. The parties must indicate the total value of the object subject to the mortgage in the enterprise mortgage transaction. Unless the enterprise mortgage transaction provides otherwise, the debtor (the mortgagor) undertakes that the value of the enterprise shall not fall below the value of the mortgaged object provided for in the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n4. An enterprise mortgage shall be registered in the public register.\n\n\n5. In carrying out normal commercial activities, the mortgagor shall have the right to dispose of the assets mortgaged under the rules of the enterprise mortgage. Upon transferring the right of ownership to the assets subject to an enterprise mortgage to a third party in good faith, the enterprise mortgage in respect of the transferred assets shall extinguish and the newly acquired assets shall become the object of the enterprise mortgage from the moment of the acquisition thereof into ownership. The enterprise mortgage transaction may stipulate that this rule shall not apply to specified assets that are the object of the enterprise mortgage."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.178. Establishment of a mortgage to secure the execution of the claims satisfied by a court judgment\n\nIn the cases specified by this Code and in accordance with the procedure established by the Code of Civil Procedure, a compulsory mortgage in respect of a debtor\u2019s thing may be established at the request of a creditor upon the satisfaction of the claim on the recovery of money by a court judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.179. Ordinary mortgage\n\nWhere one definite immovable thing possessed by a debtor by the right of ownership is mortgaged to secure the discharge of one definite obligation, the mortgage shall be referred to as an ordinary mortgage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.180. Joint mortgage\n\nWhere several immovable things belonging by the right of ownership to one person are mortgaged under a single mortgage transaction to secure the discharge of one definite obligation, the mortgage shall be referred to as a joint mortgage."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.181. Mortgage of another\u2019s thing\n\n\n1. Where an immovable thing belonging by the right of ownership to a person other than the debtor is mortgaged, the mortgage shall be referred to as a mortgage of another\u2019s thing.\n\n\n2. The mortgage of another\u2019s thing may be subject to indemnification.\n\n\n3. In the case of a mortgage of another\u2019s thing, the creditor shall not have the right to transfer the right of claim to a third party without the consent of the owner of the mortgaged property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.182. Maximum mortgage\n\n\n1. Where an immovable thing is mortgaged with only the maximum amount of the claim specified in the mortgage transaction to ensure the discharge of the obligations secured by a mortgaged thing, the mortgage shall be referred to as a maximum mortgage. The mortgage transaction must indicate that it is a maximum mortgage transaction.\n\n\n2. The date of fixing the amount of the maximum mortgage debt may be determined by agreement between the parties. This mortgage shall not secure any other subsequent debt obligations. A bailiff shall also fix the amount of the debt at the mortgagee\u2019s request during the recovery procedure.\n\n\n3. The maximum amount of the claim to secure the discharge of the obligations may not be increased without the consent of the mortgagees of successive priority of the same thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.183. Common mortgage\n\n\n1. Where several immovable things owned by different owners are mortgaged to secure the discharge of one debt obligation, the mortgage shall be referred to as a common mortgage.\n\n\n2. Where an owner of a thing subject to a common mortgage wishes to remortgage the thing, he must obtain a written consent of all the other owners of the things subject to the common mortgage.\n\n\n3. The contract on the common mortgage must set forth the order of priority in the auction sale of mortgaged things."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.184. Conditional mortgage\n\n\n1. Where a thing is mortgaged to secure the discharge of a debt obligation by agreeing that the mortgage becomes effective from the moment of fulfilment of a condition established in the contract or that the mortgage is valid only until the moment a condition established in the contract is fulfilled, the mortgage shall be referred to as a conditional mortgage. The condition may be imposed on both the creditor and the debtor.\n\n\n2. An immovable thing which will be created in the future or the owner of which will become the mortgagor in the future may be subject to a conditional mortgage. This conditional mortgage shall come into effect from the moment of registration of the object of the mortgage as property of the mortgagor in the Real Property Register.\n\n\n3. An immovable thing the acquisition whereof by the right of ownership is sought in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part VI of the Code of Civil Procedure may be subject to a conditional mortgage. This conditional mortgage shall come into effect from the moment when the person who has acquired the immovable thing in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part VI of the Code of Civil Procedure becomes the owner of the thing.\n\n\n4. Data on the emergence or expiry of the condition that gives validity to the conditional mortgage shall be submitted to the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of the register."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nREGISTRATION OF THE MORTGAGE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.185. Execution and registration of the mortgage"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The mortgage transaction must be drawn up in the notarial form.\n\n\n2. A mortgage transaction may be concluded as an individual transaction, or an agreement on the mortgage may be included into the contract from which the principal obligation arises.\n\n\n3. The debtor, the creditor and the mortgagor shall be the parties to a mortgage transaction. Where the thing is mortgaged upon a unilateral declaration of its owner, only the owner of the mortgaged thing shall be the party to the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n4. The notary who has certified the mortgage transaction shall submit to the public register, in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of this register, the data for the registration of the mortgage.\n\n\n5. A compulsory mortgage shall be established by a decision of a court, a notary, or an official or institution authorised by law. The court, the notary, the official or institution authorised by law or the creditor that has established the compulsory mortgage shall submit the data for the registration of the mortgage in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the public register.\n\n\n6. Changes to the mortgage transaction must be drawn up in the same form as the mortgage transaction and their registration in the public register shall be subject to the same procedure as that of the mortgage. Changes to a compulsory mortgage shall be established in accordance with the same procedure as the compulsory mortgage.\n\n\n7. The data on the mortgage in the public register shall be"}


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topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "mortgage shall be established in accordance with the same procedure as the compulsory mortgage.\n\n\n7. The data on the mortgage in the public register shall be public and shall be regarded as accurate and comprehensive until contested in accordance with the procedure established by laws. Only third parties in good faith may assert their rights on the basis of the mortgage registered in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.186. Content of the mortgage transaction"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The mortgage transaction must indicate the location, date and time of its conclusion, the debtor, the creditor and the mortgagor (where the debtor and the mortgagor is not the same person), their place of residence/registered office, the object of the mortgage, the obligation(s) secured by the mortgage, the definite or maximum amount of the claim(s), the time limit for the discharge of the obligation, the number of copies of the original mortgage transaction, and the entities whereto the copies of the original transaction are transferred at the moment of conclusion of the transaction. The type of the mortgage must be indicated in the transaction in the case of an enterprise mortgage, a conditional mortgage and a maximum mortgage. The conditional mortgage transaction shall specify the condition that gives validity to the mortgage.\n\n\n2. Special requirements for the content of transactions shall not apply to mortgage transactions, with the exception of cases established by law.\n\n\n3. A mortgage transaction may be established as a security upon agreement between the parties or a unilateral declaration of the owner of the mortgaged thing. In this case, the mortgage transaction shall be concluded as an individual transaction in a single copy that shall be transferred to the mortgagee.\n\n\n4. Where several creditors are represented by one representative, the mortgage transaction may, by agreement between the creditors or by a unilateral declaration of the owner of the mortgaged thing, establish that only the representative of the creditors shall be indicated as the creditor in the"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "or by a unilateral declaration of the owner of the mortgaged thing, establish that only the representative of the creditors shall be indicated as the creditor in the public register. In this case, the grounds for representation must be indicated in the public register.\n\n\n5. It shall be possible not to indicate the creditor in a mortgage transaction drawn up unilaterally by the owner of the mortgaged thing. A bearer mortgage may be used against third parties in good faith from the moment the creditor is indicated in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b342d3fe-43c8-4bc6-9da1-04d33cc07a5f
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.187. Time of the mortgage becoming effective\n\n\n1. A contractual mortgage shall become effective and binding on the parties from the moment of conclusion of the mortgage transaction unless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise.\n\n\n2. A mortgage transaction may be used against third parties in good faith only where the mortgage is registered in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the register.\n\n\n3. A compulsory mortgage shall become effective from the moment of its registration in the public register.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.188. Discrepancies between the mortgage transaction and the data of the public register\n\nWhere the text of the mortgage transaction does not correspond to the entry of the public register, the entry of the public register shall prevail.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nTRANSFER AND PLEDGE OF THE MORTGAGE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.189. Transfer of the right of mortgage and the claim secured by the mortgage"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: cebb7bf3-aee3-4146-8e9f-580c96dd2252
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The creditor may transfer the claim secured by the mortgage or a part thereof to another person unless the mortgage transaction or the laws provide otherwise. When transferring the claim secured by the mortgage, the right of mortgage shall also be transferred. The claim secured by the mortgage shall be transferred in accordance with the provisions of Book Six of this Code regulating the assignment of the right of claim.\n\n\n2. Where a mortgage transaction is, by agreement between the parties, a security, the creditor may transfer the right of mortgage separately from the claim secured by the mortgage. In such a case, the claim secured by the mortgage shall be considered as the right of claim held by the new mortgagee against the debtor where the amount of the claim may not exceed the amount of the principal obligation specified in the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n3. Where the mortgage transaction is a security, the claim secured by the mortgage shall be assigned by transferring the mortgage transaction by endorsement (the entry of the mortgagee whereby the mortgage transaction is transferred to another person). The endorsement must be entered in the mortgage transaction by indicating the person to whom the claim secured by the mortgage is transferred, and must be signed by the endorser (the mortgagee) and registered in the public register.\n\n\n4. The transfer of the claim secured by the mortgage or a part thereof, the assignment of the right of mortgage, and the endorsement of the mortgage transaction may, upon their registration in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "assignment of the right of mortgage, and the endorsement of the mortgage transaction may, upon their registration in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the register, be used against third parties in good faith."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.190. Right of the mortgagee to transfer his priority of satisfying his claim from the value of the mortgaged thing to another mortgagee\n\nWhere a thing is subject to several mortgages, any mortgagee may transfer his priority of satisfying his claim from the value of the mortgaged thing to another mortgagee. In this case, changes shall be made to both mortgage transactions. Where the amount of the claim of the mortgagee who transfers his priority is smaller than the amount of the claim of the transferee, a notarised consent of the creditors succeeding the transferor and preceding the transferee shall be necessary.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.191. Pledge of the claim secured by the mortgage\n\nUnless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise, the mortgagee may pledge his mortgage claim in accordance with the provisions of this Code regulating the right of pledge.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nRECOVERY OF DEBT IN FAVOUR OF THE MORTGAGEE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.192. Right of the mortgagee to apply for debt recovery and the registration of the writ of execution"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. If, within the time period specified in the mortgage transaction, the debtor fails to discharge his obligations or other grounds set out in the mortgage transaction have arisen, the mortgagee may apply to the notary for the registration of a notarial writ of execution. The procedure for the registration of notarial writs of execution and the form for registering a writ of execution shall be laid down by the Minister of Justice.\n\n\n2. A creditor who has the right of claim secured by a compulsory mortgage may apply to the notary for the registration of a writ of execution in compliance with the time limits set by a court judgment or the notary. Debt recovery from the property subject to a compulsory mortgage on the basis of a decision of an authorised institution/official shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure laid down by laws.\n\n\n3. In the application for the registration of a writ of execution, the mortgagee shall indicate the code assigned to the mortgage in the public register, the amount of the outstanding debt, the debtor, the mortgagor and their addresses (registered offices). The mortgagee shall be held liable for the accuracy of the data indicated in the application.\n\n\n4. Having verified that the particulars specified in the mortgagee\u2019s application agree with those entered in the public register, the notary, prior to registering the writ of execution, shall send to the debtor a notice of enforcement indicating the data provided by the mortgagee and the proposal to either"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "prior to registering the writ of execution, shall send to the debtor a notice of enforcement indicating the data provided by the mortgagee and the proposal to either pay off the debt to the creditor no later than within 20 days from the date of issue of the notice of enforcement and inform the notary in writing about the fulfilment of the obligation or provide the notary with the data on the invalidity of the mortgagee\u2019s claim. Having considered the data provided by the mortgagee and the debtor, the notary shall either register the writ of execution or shall refuse, on a reasoned basis, to do so. By registering the writ of execution, a notary shall propose recovering from the debtor the amount of the debt obligation secured by the mortgage that was not paid within the time limit established in the mortgage transaction or the amount of the outstanding debt with the interest due as specified by the mortgagee. The notary shall immediately notify the public register of the fact of the registration of the writ of execution and shall send a copy of the writ of execution to the debtor and the mortgagor. From the day of registration of the writ of execution in the public register, the debtor shall have no right to dispose of the mortgaged property without the consent of the creditor.\n\n\n5. The notarial writ of execution shall be an enforceable and enforcement document submitted to the bailiff for enforcement in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure.\n\n\n6. Where,"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 18ffec56-fcc6-44e0-9eaa-8495a905e91c
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "and enforcement document submitted to the bailiff for enforcement in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure.\n\n\n6. Where, prior to the submission of the writ of execution to the bailiff for enforcement, the debtor discharges the obligation by paying the money into the deposit account of the notary, the notary shall, at the request of the debtor or the creditor, cancel the writ of execution and notify thereof the creditor and the public register.\n\n\n7. When the bailiff initiates the forced recovery procedure, the mortgaged thing may, at the choice of the mortgagee, be sold at a public auction or transferred to the mortgagee for administration, except in the case of an enterprise mortgage and a mortgage of another\u2019s thing. Where the mortgaged thing has been transferred to the mortgagee for administration and, in the course of administration, it becomes apparent that it is not possible to satisfy the claim secured by the mortgage, the mortgagee may apply to the bailiff for the sale of the mortgaged thing at a public auction.\n\n\n8. Prior to the start of the public auction, the object of the mortgage may, by agreement between the debtor (the mortgagor) and the mortgagee, be transferred to the ownership of the mortgagee or to a third party on the basis of a transaction concluded in a notarial form between the mortgagee and the debtor (the mortgagor) in accordance with the procedure laid down"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "basis of a transaction concluded in a notarial form between the mortgagee and the debtor (the mortgagor) in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 704 of the Code of Civil Procedure. A thing subject to several mortgages may be realised in the manner specified in the transaction concluded between the mortgagee and the mortgagor only upon consent of all creditors.\n\n\n9. Where the recovery procedure takes place when enforcing a maximum mortgage, the notary shall register the writ of execution, irrespective of whether the amount of the debt is specified. If the amount of the debt under a maximum mortgage is not specified, the notary shall note this in the writ of execution."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.1921. Specific features of the recovery of debt from the property subject to an enterprise mortgage"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Where the recovery procedure takes place when enforcing an enterprise mortgage transaction, the enterprise may be subject to the administration of assets. The administration of assets shall be established by a bailiff in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure. The mortgagee or other person shall, upon the consent of the mortgagee, be appointed as the administrator of assets.\n\n\n2. From the day of registration of the writ of execution in the public register, the management bodies of the mortgaged enterprise shall have no right to dispose of the assets that are the object of the enterprise mortgage without the prior written consent of the mortgagee (until the appointment of the administrator of assets) or the administrator of assets.\n\n\n3. The administrator of assets shall not take over the functions of the management body of the enterprise, but the instructions of the administrator of assets regarding the use, management and disposal of the assets of the enterprise which are the object of the enterprise mortgage shall be binding on the members of the management body of the enterprise.\n\n\n4. The administrator of assets may exercise the rights granted to him by laws only to the extent necessary to settle the claims secured by the enterprise mortgage.\n\n\n5. Where it transpires that the claim secured by the mortgage cannot be satisfied from the income received from the mortgaged assets of an enterprise subject to administration, the administrator of assets/creditor may apply to the bailiff for the sale of the entire enterprise in accordance with"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "an enterprise subject to administration, the administrator of assets/creditor may apply to the bailiff for the sale of the entire enterprise in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 6.402 to 6.410 of this Code. In this case, the administrator of assets shall act as the seller. Where it transpires that the sale of the entire enterprise is impossible or economically unviable, the administrator of assets/creditor may apply to the bailiff for the sale of the assets of the enterprise in instalments."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.193. Right of the mortgagee to satisfy the claim from the mortgaged thing"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. If the proceeds from having realised the mortgaged thing are lower than the amount due to the mortgagee, the mortgagee shall have the right to claim recovery from the other property of the debtor in accordance with the general procedure established by laws.\n\n\n2. Where a thing is subject to several mortgages, the claims of the mortgagees shall be satisfied in the order of registration of the mortgages in the public register.\n\n\n3. Where a thing is subject to several mortgages, any of the mortgagees shall have the right to apply to the notary for the registration of the writ of execution and submit the writ of execution for enforcement to the bailiff. The bailiff that is presented with the writ of execution shall, in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, notify the other mortgagees of the submission of the writ of execution for enforcement.\n\n\n4. Where a thing is subject to several mortgages, the forced recovery may not be initiated without the written consent of the mortgagees of preceding priority.\n\n\n5. Where several writs of execution have been issued and submitted for enforcement to different bailiffs, the recovery from the property secured by the mortgage shall be carried out by the bailiff who was presented with the writ of execution the earliest.\n\n\n6. If the mortgagee of preceding priority does not give his consent to initiate the recovery procedure without a valid reason and as a result the mortgagee of successive priority suffers losses, the"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "preceding priority does not give his consent to initiate the recovery procedure without a valid reason and as a result the mortgagee of successive priority suffers losses, the mortgagee of preceding priority must compensate for the losses suffered by the mortgagee of successive priority.\n\n\n7. Where the mortgaged thing is expropriated or confiscated, the claim of the mortgagee shall be satisfied respectively by the new possessor of the thing or by the State, but not in the excess of the value of the mortgaged thing.\n\n\n8. Where the mortgaged thing passes into the ownership of the State or a municipality by the right of inheritance or the mortgaged ownerless thing is transferred by a court judgment to the ownership of the State or a municipality, the claim of the mortgagee shall be satisfied by the State or the municipality, but not in excess of the value of the mortgaged thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.194. Debt recovery through the auction sale of the thing subject to a joint mortgage\n\n\n1. The order of priority in the sale of the things subject to a joint mortgage shall be set by the owner of the things.\n\n\n2. After the public auction sale of the things subject to a joint mortgage, the debt shall be recovered simultaneously from all the things sold, but only as many of the things may be sold as it is necessary to satisfy the claim of the mortgagee."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.1941. Guarantees of the debtor\u2019s (mortgagor\u2019s) interests"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to close the mortgage at any time from the expiry of the time limit for the discharge of the obligation until the moment of realisation of the object of the mortgage by properly discharging the obligation secured by the mortgage.\n\n\n2. Where the obligation secured by the mortgage may be discharged in parts, the debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to request suspension of the recovery from the object of the mortgage by discharging the part of the obligation in respect of which the deadline has been missed.\n\n\n3. The debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to claim from the creditor compensation for the losses incurred as a result of the recovery procedure illegally enforced by the creditor, as well as for the losses resulting from an illegal administration or a forced sale of the object of the mortgage. The creditor shall not be held liable for the actions of the bailiff.\n\n\n4. The creditor must enforce the recovery procedure in the most economical manner possible and may not unreasonably enrich himself at the debtor\u2019s (mortgagor\u2019s) expense.\n\n\n5. From the date of entry of the particulars of the writ of execution in the public register, the debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to transfer the object of the mortgage only upon the consent of the creditor. Having ascertained the solvency of the buyer suggested by the debtor,"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "to transfer the object of the mortgage only upon the consent of the creditor. Having ascertained the solvency of the buyer suggested by the debtor, the creditor must give his consent to entering into a transfer transaction where the selling price of the mortgaged thing corresponds to the amount of the principal claim secured by the mortgage and the interest arising therefrom. The proceeds from the sale of the mortgaged thing, required to satisfy the mortgagee\u2019s claim, must be transferred into the deposit account of the notary attesting the transfer transaction.\n\n\n6. Where the creditor has initiated unreasonable recovery without due grounds or has filed an unreasonable claim, the debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to dispute the lawfulness of the creditor\u2019s actions in contentious proceedings. Filing of an action shall not suspend the recovery procedure. The recovery procedure may be suspended only upon application of interim protection measures by court in the cases specified by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 178568cb-498c-45ec-a100-05e1d1b24007
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.195. Debt recovery from the thing subject to a mortgage of another\u2019s thing\n\n\n1. The owner of the mortgaged thing shall be liable for the discharge of the debtor\u2019s obligation by his mortgaged thing only. The mortgagor shall be held subsidiarily liable with the debtor from the date of non-performance of the obligation secured by the mortgage.\n\n\n2. Administration of property may not be established in respect of the property subject to a mortgage of another\u2019s property.\n\n\n3. Where the creditor\u2019s claims are secured by both a mortgage of the thing owned by the debtor and a mortgage of another\u2019s thing, the creditor shall have the right to recover from the object of the mortgage of another\u2019s thing only to the extent necessary to satisfy his claim where the recovery from the mortgaged thing owned by the debtor cannot fully settle the claim.\n\n\n4. When the owner of the mortgaged thing discharges the debtor\u2019s obligation or his thing is sold at a public auction, the owner of the mortgaged thing shall acquire the right of recourse against the debtor in respect of the amount paid or of a compensation for damages arising from the loss of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 33987c23-5144-438c-84a5-792de40a9bb1
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.196. Right to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the mortgage prior to the expiry of the time limit\n\n\n1. The mortgagee shall have the right to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the mortgage prior to the expiry of the time limit and apply to a notary for the registration of the writ of execution in the same manner as at maturity provided:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) other creditors subject the mortgaged object to the recovery procedure;\n\n\n2) the debtor dies;\n\n\n3) bankruptcy proceedings against the debtor or the owner of the mortgaged thing have been initiated or a decision on his liquidation has been adopted;\n\n\n4) the value of the object of the mortgage has decreased by more than 30 per cent, while the debtor has failed to discharge a part of the obligation equal to the decreased value of the mortgaged thing and this part of the obligation has not been covered by the insurance amount received;\n\n\n5) the contract of insurance of the mortgaged thing has been terminated before its expiration or, after the termination of the insurance contract, the thing is not insured;\n\n\n6) other grounds specified in the mortgage transaction arise.\n\n\n2. If the value of the mortgaged thing has decreased while the debtor has failed to discharge a part of his obligation equal to the decreased value of the mortgaged thing, or the thing has perished, creditors shall be entitled to the insurance amount of the thing not in excess of the amount of their claims, to be paid in the same order of priority as that in which the creditors\u2019 claims should have been satisfied. Upon the receipt of a written consent of all creditors, the insurance amount may be paid to the owner of the mortgaged thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FIVE\n\nEXTINCTION OF THE MORTGAGE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 5ffe2136-885e-4e2f-841d-0e75bde69e0a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.197. Grounds for the extinction of the mortgage\n\n\n1. The forced realisation of the mortgaged thing on the request of the mortgagee shall disencumber it from all effective mortgages.\n\n\n2. A mortgage shall extinguish when:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 379a8a61-f46d-41b3-945a-414fae3eea92
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the debt obligation has been properly discharged or the obligation secured by the mortgage extinguishes on other grounds specified in the mortgage transaction or laws;\n\n\n2) the mortgage is cancelled by a court decision or on any other grounds;\n\n\n3) the mortgagee or his whereabouts have been unknown for ten years from the expiry of the time limit for the payment of the debt;\n\n\n4) the object of the mortgage has perished, disappeared or has been cancelled in accordance with the procedure established by legal acts;\n\n\n5) other cases stipulated in this Code exist.\n\n\n3. A mortgage may resume in the cases specified by this Code. A resumed mortgage shall be executed by a notary upon the request of the mortgagee.\n\n\n4. If at the maturity the mortgagee refuses to accept the subject matter of the obligation secured by the mortgage, the debtor may pay a respective amount into the deposit account of the credit institution or a notary. The mortgage shall extinguish when the full amount of the debt is paid into the deposit account.\n\n\n5. The creditor shall have the right to withdraw from mortgage at any time.\n\n\n6. The entitlement of a mortgagee in good faith shall remain valid even if the mortgage transaction is declared null and void on the grounds for which the mortgagee is not liable. Where the mortgage transaction has been declared null and void in accordance with the procedure laid down by laws and there is no need to protect the"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 739a6a9e-3a7d-4b06-a036-8028fa6e117d
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "not liable. Where the mortgage transaction has been declared null and void in accordance with the procedure laid down by laws and there is no need to protect the mortgagee in good faith, the mortgage registered in the public register shall extinguish and shall be removed from the public register upon the submission of a final court judgment declaring the nullity of the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n7. An extinguished mortgage shall be removed from the public register. An application of the mortgagee, the debtor or the mortgagor for deregistration of the extinguished mortgage shall be filed with a notary who shall forward the data on the extinction of the mortgage to the public register. A mortgage which has extinguished on the grounds specified in point 1 of paragraph 2 of this Article may also be deregistered on the application of the mortgagee, the debtor or the mortgagor, submitted by means of information technology to the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register (where an application for deregistration of the extinguished mortgage is filed by the debtor or the mortgagor, the mortgagee must provide a confirmation of the extinction of the mortgage by means of information technology). A conditional mortgage concluded with the aim of acquiring by the right of ownership an immovable thing in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part VI of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be removed from the public register in line with the bailiff\u2019s notice that the person who concluded the conditional mortgage has not become the owner of"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "be removed from the public register in line with the bailiff\u2019s notice that the person who concluded the conditional mortgage has not become the owner of the property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XII\n\nPLEDGE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.198. Concept of the pledge\n\n\n1. Pledge shall mean the real right to another\u2019s movable property and property rights ensuring the performance of a current or future property obligation.\n\n\n2. The object of the pledge may be transferred to the creditor, a third party or left under the management of the pledgor. The transfer of the object of the pledge shall also include the transfer of a mercantile or equity security to the creditor and any other right to manage the object of the pledge, including the making of entries in bank accounts or securities.\n\n\n3. The right of pledge and its validity shall depend on the validity of the principal obligation secured by the pledge.\n\n\n4. Where the debtor fails to perform the obligation secured by the pledge, the creditor (pledgee) shall have the right to satisfy his claim from the value of the collateral prior to other creditors.\n\n\n5. The Law on Financial Collateral Arrangements may establish rules other than those laid down in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.199. Grounds for the pledge\n\n\n1. The pledge may be either contractual or compulsory.\n\n\n2. A contractual pledge shall arise on the basis of a contract or unilateral transaction (declaration). A contractual pledge arising on the basis of a unilateral transaction (declaration) of the pledgor shall be referred to as a bearer pledge.\n\n\n3. The provisions of this Book regulating judicial mortgage shall apply mutatis mutandis to a compulsory mortgage arising on the basis of laws, a judicial decision or a decision of an authorised institution/officer.\n\n\n4. The provisions of this Book regulating the types of contractual mortgage, with the exception of enterprise mortgage, shall apply mutatis mutandis to a contractual pledge.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.200. Claims secured by the pledge\n\n\n1. The pledge may secure the performance of any current or future property obligation.\n\n\n2. The pledge shall secure the performance of the principal claim and the recovery of the interest arising from this claim. The parties to the pledge transaction may agree in the pledge transaction that penalties and losses incurred by the creditor due to the delay of the performance of the obligation secured by the pledge shall be secured by a maximum pledge."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.201. Object of the pledge\n\n\n1. Any existing or future movable property and property rights may be the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. Things against which, under the existing laws, execution may not be levied as well as movable things that have been pledged together with an immovable thing in accordance with the procedure established in Article 4.171(1) of this Code may not be the object of the pledge.\n\n\n3. Unless the laws or the pledge transaction provide otherwise, a pledge of the thing shall cover accessories of the thing and non-separated fruits.\n\n\n4. The risk of accidental perishment or damage of the collateral shall be borne by the pledgor unless laws or the pledge transaction provide otherwise.\n\n\n5. Jointly owned things may be pledged only upon a written consent of all co-owners."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.202. Pledge of property complexes\n\n\n1. A pledge transaction may take the form of the pledge of property complexes made up of movable property, the composition and form of which is constantly changing, including supplies of goods, equipment, rights of claim, etc. In this case, the object of the pledge shall be described by indicating the category of pledged property, whereas separate objects constituting the property complex shall not be categorised.\n\n\n2. In carrying out usual commercial activities, the pledgor shall have the right to dispose of the objects constituting the pledged property complex only if the total value of the pledged property is not reduced. Where the pledgor lawfully disposes of the collateral, the pledge of the transferred objects shall be extinguished, and the property newly acquired by the pledgor shall become the object of the pledge from the moment of acquisition of the property into ownership.\n\n\n3. The provisions governing recovery from the property subject to an enterprise mortgage shall apply mutatis mutandis to recovery from the property complex."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.203. Substitution of the collateral\n\n\n1. Upon the consent of the pledgee(s), the pledgor may substitute the thing defined by individual characteristics, that is the object of the pledge, by another thing that has not been previously pledged.\n\n\n2. In the case specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, the pledge of the prior thing shall be revoked following the execution of the pledge of a new thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.204. Real rights as the object of the pledge\n\n\n1. Rights to the land, forest, other things, i.e. the right of use, the right of lease and other property rights, except for rights inseparably connected to the person of the owner of the thing pledged as well as rights that are not transferable by law or by the contract, may be the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. In addition, property rights that the pledgor will acquire in the future may be the object of the pledge."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.205. Insurance of the object of the pledge\n\n\n1. The law or the contract may stipulate the duty to insure the thing that has been pledged/the thing to be pledged.\n\n\n2. A contract may also provide for the duty of the pledgor (a legal person) to insure the object of the pledge in the event of liquidation or insolvency.\n\n\n3. In the event of an insured accident, the creditor whose claims are secured by the pledge shall have a priority right (in accordance with the succession of pledges, if there have been multiple pledges) to satisfy his claims from the sum of the insurance indemnity."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.206. Pledgor\n\n\n1. A debtor himself and a third person may also be the pledgor.\n\n\n2. The pledgor must be the owner of the object of the pledge or a person having the property right that is the object of the pledge, except when the pledge transaction stipulates that the object of the pledge will be acquired by the pledgor in the future. A trustee managing the property by the right of property trust shall have the right to pledge this property only in the cases where the laws or the transaction on the basis whereof the right of property trust arises provide for the right to pledge the property managed by the right of trust. Laws, judicial decisions or transactions may establish the right of the administrator of property of another person to pledge the property.\n\n\n3. A property right that belongs to several persons may be pledged only with the consent of all of them. In this case, the pledge transaction shall be signed by all of these persons.\n\n\n4. The lessee (the recipient of the loan-for-use) may pledge rights related to the lease of the thing (loan-for-use) only with the written consent of the lessor (delivering party)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.207. Remaining of the right to pledge when the right of ownership of the collateral has been transferred to another person\n\n\n1. When the right of ownership of the collateral has been transferred from the pledgor to another person, the pledge shall remain valid when the object of the pledge has been transferred to the pledgee or when the pledge transaction has been registered in the public register unless the laws or pledge transactions provide otherwise. This rule shall also apply when property rights constitute the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. The right to pledge shall be valid in all its entirety even in the case when the debtor performs the obligation partially.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.208. Right to inspect the subject of the pledge\n\n\n1. A creditor shall have the right to inspect the number, condition, storage conditions, etc. of pledged things managed by the pledgor unless otherwise provided in the contract.\n\n\n2. When the pledgor violates storage conditions of the collateral, avoids submitting a damaged thing or submitting the remains of the destroyed thing, the creditor shall be entitled to request the discharge of the obligation secured by the pledge before the expiration of its term."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.209. Form of pledge transactions"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor, a written pledge transaction shall be concluded. A pledge arising on the basis of this transaction may be registered in the public register. The pledge transaction referred to in this paragraph may be concluded by means of information technology by registering the pledge in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register. Failure to comply with the written form requirement shall render the transaction null and void.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, a pledge transaction and a unilateral declaration of the owner of the object of the pledge to pledge things or property rights shall be approved by a notary, with the exception of the case specified in paragraph 3 of this Article, and registered in the public register.\n\n\n3. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, while the creditor, the debtor and the pledgor (where the debtor and the pledgor are not the same person) are legal persons, a pledge transaction and a unilateral declaration of the owner of the object of the pledge to pledge things or property rights may also be concluded by means of information technology by registering the pledge in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register.\n\n\n4. A pledge transaction may be concluded as an individual transaction or an agreement on the pledge may be included into the transaction from which"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "register.\n\n\n4. A pledge transaction may be concluded as an individual transaction or an agreement on the pledge may be included into the transaction from which the principal obligation arises.\n\n\n5. The parties to a pledge transaction shall be the pledgor, the debtor, the creditor and the person to whom the object of the pledge is transferred. Where the object of the pledge is pledged by a unilateral declaration of the owner, the party to the pledge transaction shall be solely the pledgor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.210. Content of a pledge transaction"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A pledge transaction must include the following: the place and date of the conclusion of the transaction, the pledgor, the debtor, the creditor and the person to whom the object of the pledge has been transferred, their place of residence/registered office, the description of the object of the pledge, an obligation(s) secured by the pledge, a specific or maximum amount of the obligation(s), and the time limit for discharge. The type of the pledge must be indicated in the transactions of the conditional and maximum pledge. The conditional transaction shall specify the condition that gives validity to the pledge. Where the object of the pledge is pledged repeatedly, the debtor must indicate this in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n2. Special requirements for the content of transactions shall not apply to pledge transactions, except for the cases specified by law.\n\n\n3. Where several creditors are represented by one representative, by agreement between the creditors or by a unilateral declaration of the owner of the collateral, the pledge transaction may provide that only the representative of the creditors is to be indicated as the creditor in the public register. In this case, the grounds for representation must be indicated in the public register.\n\n\n4. It shall be possible not to indicate the creditor in a pledge transaction drawn up unilaterally by the owner of the collateral. A bearer pledge may be used against third parties in good faith from the moment the creditor is indicated in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.211. Subsequent pledges\n\n\n1. Unless the thing has been transferred to the pledgee by a previous pledge transaction and unless the pledge transaction provides otherwise, a subsequent pledge shall be permitted. In these cases, the prior pledge remains valid.\n\n\n2. A pledgor must notify each creditor about all prior and subsequent pledges and obligations secured by the pledge and their amount. A pledgor must compensate the losses incurred by any of the creditors arising from the failure to discharge this duty.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.212. Pledge priority\n\n\n1. Where several pledge transactions have been concluded in respect of the same object of the pledge, the claim secured by the earlier pledge transaction shall have priority.\n\n\n2. Where several pledge transactions registered in the public register have been concluded in respect of the same object of the pledge, the claim secured by the earlier pledge transaction registered in the public register shall have priority."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.213. Entry into force of the pledge\n\n\n1. The pledge between the parties shall enter into force from the moment of conclusion of the pledge transaction unless otherwise provided for in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, the pledge may be used against third parties in good faith only where the right of pledge has been registered in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.214. Duties of the person to whom the collateral is transferred\n\nThe person to whom the collateral has been transferred must take proper care of it. He shall be liable for the preservation thereof unless he proves that the thing has been lost or damaged through no fault of his. This person shall have no right to use the collateral unless otherwise provided for by law or the pledge transaction.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.215. Vindication of the collateral\n\nWhere the collateral has ceased to be in the possession of a pledgee, a pledgor or a third person, the pledgee or the third person may vindicate the thing in accordance with Articles 4.95 to 4.97 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.216. Emergence of the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge\n\n\n1. A pledgee shall acquire the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge upon failure to perform the obligation at the expiry of the time limit for performing that obligation or upon the occurrence of other grounds specified in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n2. The provisions of this Code regulating the mortgagee\u2019s right to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the mortgage prior to the expiry of the time limit shall mutatis mutandis apply to the emergence of the right of the creditor (pledgee) to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the pledge prior to the expiry of the time limit.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.217. Enforcement against the object of the pledge that consists of two or more things/property rights\n\nWhen the object of the pledge consists of two or more things/property rights, the enforcement may be directed towards all those things/property rights or towards each of them individually. The right of choice shall belong to the pledgee until the full satisfaction of the claim.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.218. Consequences arising when the claims of the pledgee are satisfied by a third party\n\nWhen the claim of a pledgee is fully satisfied by a third party, the right of pledge shall pass to him together with the right of claim."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.219. Enforcement procedure of collaterals"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Where a debtor fails to perform the obligation secured by the pledge, the creditor\u2019s claim shall be satisfied from the value of the collateral unless laws or the transaction provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor or where the pledge is compulsory, the provisions of this Code regulating the procedure of enforcement against the property secured by the mortgage shall apply mutatis mutandis to enforcement against the property secured by the pledge.\n\n\n3. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor, imposed enforcement against the property secured by the pledge shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure laid down in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n4. A creditor, a debtor and a pledgor (where a pledgor is not a debtor) shall have the right to agree, either in a pledge transaction or in the course of enforcement, that the object of the pledge is to be transferred into the creditor\u2019s ownership or realised in any other way agreed by the parties. The agreement to transfer the object of the pledge into the creditor\u2019s ownership shall be presumed when the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor at the time of pledging.\n\n\n5. Where the proceeds from the sale of the collateral are not sufficient to satisfy the claim of the pledgee in full, the pledgee shall have the right to recover the remaining amount from the debtor\u2019s other property unless otherwise provided by"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "the pledgee in full, the pledgee shall have the right to recover the remaining amount from the debtor\u2019s other property unless otherwise provided by law or the pledge transaction. In this case, the pledgee shall have no priority over other creditors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.220. Realisation of property rights subject to the pledge\n\n\n1. Where the object of the pledge is property rights, the object of the pledge shall be realised by transferring to the creditor the pledgor\u2019s claims arising from the pledged property right or a part of the claims corresponding to the amount of the debt obligation or by transferring to the creditor the right to administer property rights and satisfy his claim from the received funds.\n\n\n2. A creditor shall acquire the right to demand the transfer of the pledged property right or administration of the pledged property right from the time when he acquires the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.221. Procedure for the satisfaction of the creditor\u2019s claim secured by the funds in the bank account of the pledgor\n\n\n1. Where funds in the bank account of the pledgor have been pledged to secure the discharge of the obligation, the creditor shall acquire the right to operate the bank account of the pledgor from the moment of emergence of the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. Having satisfied the claim from the existing and incoming funds in the pledgor\u2019s bank account, the right of the creditor to operate the account of the pledgor terminates and the creditor must return to the pledgor the pledge transaction with an inscription therein about the satisfaction of the claim."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.222. Settlements after the realisation of the collateral\n\n\n1. Where, after the realisation of the collateral, the proceeds are in excess of the creditor\u2019s claim, the difference in the amount must be paid to the pledgor.\n\n\n2. Where, through the fault of a creditor, the collateral was realised at a lower price, the pledgor shall have the right to demand from the creditor the difference between the real market value of the thing and the price at which the thing was sold."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.223. Assignment of the claim secured by the pledge or the right arising from the pledge\n\n\n1. The contract on the assignment of the claim secured by the pledge or part of it must be concluded following the rules established in Book Six of this Code specifying requirements for the assignment of a claim. A debtor must be notified about the assignment of a claim and, where the pledgor is a third party, the latter must also be notified.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, the assignment of the right arising from the pledge may be used against third parties from the moment of registering the assignment of this right in the public register. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor, the assignment of the right arising from the pledge may be used against third parties from the time of transferring the possession of the object of the pledge to a new creditor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.224. Extinction of the right to pledge\n\n\n1. The right to pledge shall be extinguished:"}


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topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) upon the expiry of the obligation secured by the pledge;\n\n\n2) upon the loss of the collateral;\n\n\n3) when the pledgee acquires the ownership right to the collateral or when the pledged rights are assigned to the pledgee;\n\n\n4) upon the expiry of the period of validity of the right that is the subject of the pledge;\n\n\n5) when the creditor cannot satisfy his claim from the subject of the pledge due to the delay of the limitation of actions;\n\n\n6) by agreement between the parties or when the creditor renounces the pledge.\n\n\n2. Where the pledged property is forcibly sold upon the demand of the creditor to whom the property has been pledged, all property pledges shall be revoked.\n\n\n3. An extinguished pledge shall be removed from the public register. A creditor, a debtor or a pledgor shall file an application for deregistration of the extinguished pledge by means of information technology to the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register (where an application for deregistration of the extinguished pledge is filed by the debtor or the pledgor, the creditor must provide a confirmation of the extinction of the pledge by means of information technology).  An application of the creditor, the debtor or the pledgor for deregistration of the extinguished pledge may also be filed with a notary who shall forward the data on the extinction of the pledge to the public"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "for deregistration of the extinguished pledge may also be filed with a notary who shall forward the data on the extinction of the pledge to the public register.\n\n\n4. The renewal of the pledge shall be subject mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this Book regulating mortgage renewal."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.225. Guarantees of the pledgor\u2019s interests"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The pledgor shall have the right at any time from the date of maturity of the obligation until the moment of realisation of the subject of the pledge to revoke the pledge by properly discharging the obligation secured by the pledge.\n\n\n2. Where the obligation secured by the pledge may be discharged in parts, the pledgor shall have the right to suspend the enforcement against the subject of the pledge by discharging the part of the obligation in respect of which the deadline has been missed.\n\n\n3. The pledgor shall have the right to claim from the creditor compensation for losses incurred during the enforcement proceedings, also losses resulting from the improper custody of the subject of the pledge or forced sale of it.\n\n\n4. The creditor must enforce the recovery in the most economical manner possible and may not unreasonably enrich himself at the debtor\u2019s (pledgor\u2019s) expense.\n\n\n5. From the day of registration of the writ of execution in the public register, the debtor (pledgor) shall have the right to transfer the pledged property with the consent of the creditor. Having ascertained the solvency of the buyer suggested by the debtor (pledgor), the creditor must give his consent to enter into a transfer transaction where the selling price of the collateral corresponds to the amount of the principal claim secured by the pledge and the interest arising therefrom.\n\n\n6. Where the creditor has initiated unreasonable recovery without due grounds or has filed an unreasonable"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "secured by the pledge and the interest arising therefrom.\n\n\n6. Where the creditor has initiated unreasonable recovery without due grounds or has filed an unreasonable claim, the debtor (pledgor) shall have the right to dispute the lawfulness of the creditor\u2019s actions in contentious proceedings. Filing of an action shall not suspend the recovery procedure. The recovery procedure may be suspended only upon application of interim protection measures by court in the cases specified by law.\n\n\n7. Where the property is pledged by the pledge of another\u2019s property, the pledgor shall be held subsidiarily liable with the debtor from the date of non-performance of the obligation secured by the pledge. Administration of the property may not be established in respect of the property pledged by the pledge of another\u2019s property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.226. Extinction of the pledge by depositing money\n\nWhere the pledgee refuses to accept the subject of the monetary obligation secured by the pledge, the pledgor may pay a respective amount into the deposit account of a bank or any other credit institution of a notary (where a pledge transaction has been certified by a notary). Once the full amount of the debt has been deposited, the pledge shall expire.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.227. Concept of the pledge at a pawnshop\n\n\n1. Articles of personal use may be pledged at pawnshops in order to secure the repayment of short-term credits that are granted to natural persons by pawnshops.\n\n\n2. When transferring pledged things to a pawnshop, the pledgor shall be issued a pledge ticket."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.228. Rights, duties and responsibilities of a pawnshop\n\n\n1. A pawnshop shall have no right to use or dispose of pledged things, except in the case specified in paragraph 3 of this Article.\n\n\n2. A pawnshop shall be liable for the loss/destruction and damage of pledged things unless it proves that the things have been lost/destroyed or damaged due to force majeure.\n\n\n3. Where the amount of credit secured by the pledge of the thing is not repaid to a pawnshop within a specified period, the pawnshop shall have the right, upon the expiration of one month, to sell the pledged thing in accordance with the procedure established in paragraphs 2 and 5 of Article 4.219, Articles 4.222 and 4.225 of this Code.\n\n\n4. After the pledged thing is sold, the right of claim of a pawnshop in respect of the pledgor (debtor) shall extinguish even if the amount received from the sale of the thing is not sufficient to satisfy in full the requirements of the pawnshop as a creditor.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIII\n\nRETENTION OF A THING"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XIII\n\nRETENTION OF A THING\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.229. Content of the right of retention\n\n\n1. A lawful possessor who has the right of claim in respect of the owner of the thing belonging to another shall be entitled to retain the thing until his claim is satisfied.\n\n\n2. The right of retention may not be exercised before the expiry of the time limit for performance of the obligation.\n\n\n3. Other laws may specify other rules for the retention of the thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.230. Indivisibility of the right of retention\n\nThe right of retention shall be indivisible, therefore the possessor may retain the entire thing until his claim is fully satisfied.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.231. Right in respect of fruits of the retained thing\n\n\n1. A person who enjoys the right of retention may keep the fruits of the retained thing and thus satisfy his claims prior to other creditors.\n\n\n2. Initially, the interest shall be paid from the proceeds of the fruits of the thing, while claims arising from the principal obligation shall be satisfied subsequently."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.232. Custody conditions of the retained thing\n\n\n1. A person who has the right of retention must keep and preserve the thing in such a way that its safety is ensured.\n\n\n2. A person who has the right of retention may not lease, pledge or otherwise encumber the thing or use it in accordance with its intended purpose, except for the use that is necessary to preserve the thing unless the law provides otherwise or the person who retained the thing and the owner of the thing have agreed otherwise.\n\n\n3. Where a person who has the right of retention breaches the duties laid down in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, the debtor shall have the right to apply to the court for the transfer of the thing to him.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.233. Reimbursement of expenses related to the retention of the thing\n\n\n1. Where the person who has the right of retention has incurred expenses related to the retained thing, he may demand from the owner of the thing to cover the expenses thereof, except when the owner proves that such expenses were not necessary.\n\n\n2. Where the person who has the right of retention within the time of retention incurs expenses that increase the value of the thing, he may demand from the owner of the thing to pay the amount by which the value of the thing has increased or to cover the expenses in some other way."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: f3921fb4-f53f-4947-95c5-8abbcdf7aeda
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.234. Limitation of actions in cases of retention\n\nThe exercise of the right of retention shall not affect the limitation of actions that has been established for the claim in respect of which the possessor of the thing has the right thereof.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.235. Extinction of the right of retention\n\n\n1. The debtor, having submitted the adequate proof that he has performed his obligation, shall be entitled to demand the transfer of the thing to him.\n\n\n2. The right of retention of the thing shall extinguish when the possessor of the thing loses the right of possession, except when, upon the consent of the owner of the thing (the debtor), the thing is leased or pledged to other persons.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIV\n\nADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY OF OTHERS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XIV\n\nADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY OF OTHERS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.236. Scope of application of property administration provisions\n\n\n1. Provisions of this Chapter shall regulate the activities of each person who administers the property belonging by the ownership right to another, except where this Code or other laws provide for another form of property administration.\n\n\n2. Administration shall be established by a court order, by law or by transaction. In cases provided for under this Code, the administration may be established by an administrative act.\n\n\n3. In the course of enforcement proceedings, the administration of the debtor\u2019s property shall be established by a bailiff in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure. In this case, the authorisations provided for in Articles 4.240(4) and 4.243(4) of this Code shall be issued by a bailiff who has established the administration of the debtor\u2019s property.\n\n\n4. The fact of administration of an immovable thing shall be registered in the public register and the administrator thereof shall be indicated.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.237. Property administrator\n\n\n1. Any natural or legal person who is permitted by legal acts to provide administrative services may be a property administrator.\n\n\n2. In concluding transactions, the administrator must indicate that he acts in the capacity of an administrator."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 4e2db167-8cb1-455c-8289-fcafab4fd583
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.238. Right of the property administrator to remuneration\n\n\n1. The property administrator shall be entitled to the remuneration fixed in the act establishing administration, except where the administration is gratuitous under the law. Where the remuneration is not fixed in the act establishing administration, it shall be established by the court according to the market value of the services rendered by the administrator.\n\n\n2. Where the administrator is not paid on time, he shall be entitled to keep the appropriate amount as remuneration for the administrative services rendered from the sum to be paid to the beneficiary, or to retain the property until the time he is paid.\n\n\n3. Where there are several beneficiaries, they shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of remuneration to the administrator.\n\n\n4. A person administering property without any legal grounds shall not be entitled to remuneration."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.239. Kinds of property administration\n\n\n1. A simple property administration shall be established when the administrator performs all the acts necessary to preserve the property or to ensure that it is used for its intended purpose; a full property administration shall be established when the administrator is not only to preserve the property but also to increase it, to manage it in such a way that it generates income, and to use it for the purpose that is in the best interests of the beneficiary.\n\n\n2. The kind of administration shall be established in the act establishing administration. Where the kind of administration is not established in the act establishing administration, it shall be deemed to be simple administration."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.240. Content of simple property administration\n\n\n1. In the case of simple property administration, the administrator must collect the fruits and revenues of the property, register debts and give valid acquittance for them from the property under his administration, and exercise other rights pertaining to the management and use of the property. The administrator shall be entitled to safely invest the proceeds in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.\n\n\n2. Where securities are administered, the administrator shall be entitled to vote and exercise other rights and obligations pertaining to securities.\n\n\n3. The administrator shall not be entitled to change the intended purpose of the property unless he is authorised to make such a change by the court.\n\n\n4. With the authorisation of the court, the administrator may transfer the property to other persons for payment or to pledge it where it is necessary for the payment of the debts or the maintenance of the value of the property. The administrator may realise perishable property without an authorisation of the court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.241. Content of full administration of property\n\nIn the case of full property administration, the administrator, in addition to the rights stipulated in Article 4.240 of this Code, may also transfer the property, invest, pledge, charge it with a real right or change its intended purpose."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.242. Obligations of the property administrator towards the beneficiary\n\n\n1. In carrying out his obligations, the administrator must comply with laws and rules of the act establishing administration. The administrator shall not be liable for the normal wear and tear of the property and for the decrease in the value of the property or the destruction of the property due to force majeure.\n\n\n2. The administrator must discharge his obligations with prudence, honesty and solely in the best interests of the beneficiary. The administrator may not exercise his powers in his own interest or that of a third person.\n\n\n3. Where the administrator himself is a beneficiary, he must carry out his duties in the common interests of all beneficiaries, acting impartially and with equal respect for and protection of the rights of all beneficiaries.\n\n\n4. The administrator shall have the right to make claims related to the administration of property as well as to join the case initiated by other persons in relation to the property under administration.\n\n\n5. In appreciating the extent of civil liability of the administrator for the damage caused, and in view of the fact that the administrator has acted gratuitously and other important circumstances, the court may reduce the resulting damages."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.243. Prohibitions in respect of the property administrator\n\n\n1. The administrator shall be prohibited from carrying out his functions in his own personal interest. The administrator must notify the beneficiary without delay about each conflict of interests.\n\n\n2. The administrator shall have no right to merge or mingle the property under administration with his own property, to use the  property under administration or information related to administration of the property in his interests, except where permitted by the beneficiary or the act establishing administration.\n\n\n3. The administrator shall have no right to transfer the property under administration to other persons gratuitously, he may not renounce any rights belonging to the beneficiary in respect of the property under administration.\n\n\n4. The administrator shall have no right to acquire ownership of the property under administration, except with the authorisation of the beneficiary or the court or where he acquires the property under administration by succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.244. Obligations of the property administrator or the beneficiary towards third persons\n\n\n1. The administrator shall not be personally liable towards third persons in respect of obligations arising from property administration, except if he acts on his own behalf.\n\n\n2. The administrator shall be personally liable towards third persons when he exceeds his powers unless the transaction was subsequently ratified by the beneficiary or a third person was aware of the fact that the administrator acted in excess of his powers.\n\n\n3. The beneficiary shall be liable towards third persons for the damage caused by the fault of the administrator in carrying out his functions only to the extent of the amount which he has derived from the administrator.\n\n\n4. It shall be deemed that the administrator exceeds his powers if he has alone performed such actions that could have been only performed jointly with another person, except for cases when he has performed such actions more advantageously than he has been requested to do."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.245. Making an inventory of the property under administration and its insurance\n\n\n1. The administrator shall be bound to make an inventory of the property, to insure the property against theft, fire and other natural disasters, to insure his own civil liability or to otherwise ensure the fulfilment of his obligations only where this is stipulated by law, the act establishing administration or a court judgment. Both the property and the civil liability of the administrator shall be insured at the expense of the beneficiary unless provided otherwise.\n\n\n2. Where the administrator is bound to make an inventory of the property, such an inventory must contain the following:\n\n\n1) the indication of the type, value, purpose, location and individual characteristics of things;\n\n\n2) securities and currency in cash;\n\n\n3) property-related rights and obligations.\n\n\n3. The property described in the inventory shall be presumed to be in appropriate condition on the date of the preparation of the inventory unless it is proved otherwise.\n\n\n4. The administrator shall furnish the inventory to the person or the institution that entrusted him with the administration, while copies of the inventory shall be sent to the beneficiary and other interested persons known to the administrator in relation to the property under administration. Any interested person shall have the right to contest the inventory and demand that a new inventory be prepared."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.246. Joint administration of the property\n\n\n1. Where several administrators are charged with administration of the property, all decisions pertaining to property administration shall be taken by a majority of them unless the law or the act establishing administration requires all of them to act jointly.\n\n\n2. If several administrators avoid taking a decision, the others may apply to the court for the authorisation to act individually or to modify the decision-taking procedure.\n\n\n3. An administrator shall be presumed to have approved any decision made in his absence unless he makes his dissent known to the beneficiary and other administrators within a reasonable time after becoming aware of the decision.\n\n\n4. An administrator may delegate only specific acts to other persons or his representative. An administrator may delegate all his functions only to his co-administrators. An administrator himself shall be liable for the actions performed by such persons."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.247. Liability of administrators in joint administration of property\n\n\n1. All administrators shall be jointly and severally liable for joint administration unless their duties have been allocated by law, a court judgment or an act establishing administration. In that event, each administrator shall be liable for his own administration only.\n\n\n2. An administrator shall be relieved of liability for the decision taken if he immediately indicates his dissent to his co-administrators and notifies it to the beneficiary. The administrator may be relieved of liability if he proves that, having indicated to co-administrators his dissent, he was unable for serious reasons to make his dissent known to the beneficiary.\n\n\n3. Administrators shall be liable to the beneficiary for their acts and, where they delegate their duties to other persons, they shall also be liable for the acts of persons to whom they have delegated their duties.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.248. Investment of property under administration\n\n\n1. Investments of property under administration shall be made in the name of the beneficiary unless otherwise provided by the law or an act establishing administration.\n\n\n2. Investments shall be presumed sound if the property:\n\n\n1) is invested into immovable things;\n\n\n2) is invested into government securities.\n\n\n3. An administrator who made unsound investments of the property shall be liable for any loss resulting from them."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.249. Use and accounting of revenues generated by the property under administration\n\n\n1. From the revenues generated by the property under administration, the administrator shall be entitled:\n\n\n1) to pay insurance premiums pertaining to the property under administration;\n\n\n2) to cover costs of the property repairs and maintenance;\n\n\n3) to pay taxes payable on the property under administration;\n\n\n4) to use part of property to cover depreciation expenses;\n\n\n5) to discharge other obligations related to property administration.\n\n\n2. The administrator must keep accounts of the revenue and expenditure. At the end of a calendar year, the administrator must render a detailed account of his administration. Where there are several property administrators, they must render a joint account unless their duties have been divided.\n\n\n3. The administrator must allow the beneficiary to examine the books and other financial documents. Any interested person may apply to the court with a request that the account and the activities of the administrator be audited."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.250. Extinction of property administration\n\nAdministration shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by extinction of the rights of the beneficiary in the property under administration;\n\n\n2) by expiry of the term of administration or fulfilment of the condition stipulated in the act establishing administration;\n\n\n3) by disappearance of the cause that gave rise to the establishment of  administration or by achievement of the purpose of the establishment of administration.\n\n\n4) by termination of property administration."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.251. Extinction of powers of a property administrator\n\n\n1. The powers of a property administrator shall extinguish:\n\n\n1) upon his death, upon liquidation of the administrator as a legal person or upon the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings against him;\n\n\n2) when the administrator renounces his powers;\n\n\n3) upon declaring the administrator to be legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area;\n\n\n4) upon his replacement;\n\n\n5) upon termination of administration.\n\n\n2. The administrator may renounce his powers. He must notify thereof, one month ahead, a person or institution that appointed him, the beneficiary and other administrators if there are several of them.\n\n\n3. The administrator who has failed to give notice of his resignation in time must cover losses due to his resignation unless he was unable to give notice for serious reasons.\n\n\n4. The beneficiary or any other person concerned may apply for the replacement of an administrator if the administrator fails to fulfil his functions properly.\n\n\n5. Upon the death of the administrator, his successors must give notice of the death without delay to the person or institution that appointed him and the beneficiary. His successors must preserve the property as far as possible until the appointment of a new administrator."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.252. Consequences of the termination of property administration\n\n\n1. Upon the termination of administration, the administrator must render a report to the person/institution that appointed him, the beneficiary, as well as to the other administrators, deliver over the property at its location and repay everything that he has received in the performance of his duties, apart from the remuneration for administration.\n\n\n2. If the administrator concludes a transaction after the termination of administration being unaware of it and when he could not have been aware that the administration had terminated, such a transaction shall be valid and binding on the beneficiary. The same rule shall apply to transactions which were necessary to preserve the property under administration. The beneficiary shall also be bound by transactions contracted with the administrator by third persons who were unaware or could not have been aware that the administration had terminated.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XV\n\nREGISTRATION OF THINGS, REAL RIGHTS AND JURIDICAL FACTS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XV\n\nREGISTRATION OF THINGS, REAL RIGHTS AND JURIDICAL FACTS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.253. Objects of registration\n\n\n1. Registered things shall be immovable things and movable things by nature which are formed in accordance with the procedure established by law and the principles of registration of their acquisition and transfer are specified by legal acts.\n\n\n2. Things indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article, encumbrances, real rights and, in cases prescribed by laws, juridical facts must be registered in the public register."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.254. Registered juridical facts\n\nThe following juridical facts pertaining to things, encumbrances and real rights must be registered in the public register:\n\n\n1) transactions and decisions by which the legal status of the registered thing is changed or the possibilities for its possession, use and disposal are substantially modified;\n\n\n2) contracts of co-owners of the registered thing on the commonly owned thing;\n\n\n3) the inheritance of the registered thing;\n\n\n4) the seizure of the registered thing;\n\n\n5) changes of the registered thing (its size, purpose, etc.) and changes of surnames and names of persons and the name of the legal person who has real rights towards it;\n\n\n6) the fact of the initiation of a civil action on the legal status of the registered thing;\n\n\n7) final judgments that have an impact on the legal status of the registered thing and respective court orders;\n\n\n8) the fact of property administration;\n\n\n9) the fact of the formation of a new thing or the disappearance of the former thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.255. Legal principles for the registration of juridical facts in the public register\n\nDocuments certifying that juridical facts took place, based on which such juridical facts are registered in the public register, shall be the following:\n\n\n1) a decision of a public authority or a governmental institution;\n\n\n2) a court judgment, order, decision or sentence;\n\n\n3) a decision on the seizure of the property by institutions or officials established by laws;\n\n\n4) a marriage or divorce certificate, certificate on the change of the name or surname, or a death certificate of the property owner;\n\n\n5) a certificate of the right of inheritance;\n\n\n6) a notification of the court about the initiation of a civil action on the legal status of the registered thing;\n\n\n7) written transactions;\n\n\n8) a contract/deed of the sale of property in a public forced auction;\n\n\n9) other documents prescribed by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.256. Applications to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts\n\n\n1. A person wishing to register the thing, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts shall submit an application in the prescribed form to the data processor of the public register.\n\n\n2. An application to register the thing and rights of ownership to the thing shall be submitted by the person who has acquired the thing; upon the registration of real rights to the thing of another\u2019s as well as encumbrances, an application shall be submitted by the holder of such rights, a person interested in the registration thereof, or a notary. The application to register juridical facts shall be submitted by an authorised institution or by a person interested in their registration. A person shall submit the application in person or through his representative who has the authorisation issued in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n\n3. Documents certifying the acquisition of the thing into ownership, encumbrances, the existence of real rights or the occurrence of juridical facts must accompany the application for registration.\n\n\n4. Upon the submission of accompanying documents, the data processor of the public register must issue a document certifying the fact of submission thereof if the person who has submitted them so requires."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.257. Examination of the application to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts and the adoption of the decision\n\n\n1. The data processor of the public register shall examine and adopt decisions pertaining to the application to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts. When the application has been examined, the following decisions may be taken: to satisfy the application, that is, to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts; or to reject the application, that is, to refuse to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts. In the cases prescribed by the law, the data processor of the public register may postpone the adoption of the decision, indicating the circumstances that hinder registration and setting a time limit for the elimination of those circumstances.\n\n\n2. After the adoption of the decision to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts, documents certifying their registration in the public register shall be issued.\n\n\n3. The fee for the registration of things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts shall be fixed by legal acts."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.258. Appeal against the registration and the refusal to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts\n\nIn accordance with the procedure established by laws, the persons concerned may appeal against the registration or the refusal to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.259. Time of the registration of things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts\n\nThings, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts shall be deemed registered when the respective data are entered into the public register in accordance with the procedure established by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.260. Compensation for damage through the fault of the data processor of the public register\n\n\n1. The damage caused through the fault of the data processor of the public register shall be compensated in accordance with the procedure prescribed by laws. A person must apply to the data processor of the public register for compensation for damage no later than within one month from the date of becoming aware of the damage.\n\n\n2. The data processor of the public register shall not be held liable for the damage sustained by persons on the grounds of common principles for the exemption from civil liability as well as in cases when persons who have incurred damage:\n\n\n1) have submitted incorrect data to the data processor of the register;\n\n\n2) having learnt about an inaccurate or incorrect entry into the public register failed, within one month, to take any measures provided by laws to protect the rights that have been violated.\n\n\n3. Disputes concerning compensation for damage shall be settled by court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.261. Right to use the data of the public register\n\nEach natural or legal person shall have the right to use the data of the public register, except for restrictions prescribed by laws. The procedure for and amount of remuneration for the use of public register data shall be determined by the Government."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.262. Legal status of the register data\n\nThe data entered into the public register shall be deemed accurate and comprehensive until contested in the manner prescribed by laws.\n\n\n \n\n\nBOOK FIVE\n\nLAW OF SUCCESSION\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "BOOK FIVE\n\nLAW OF SUCCESSION\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.1. Concept of succession\n\n\n1. Succession shall mean the devolution of property rights, duties and some other personal non-property rights of a deceased natural person to his heirs by operation of law (intestate) or/and to successors by the will (testate).\n\n\n2. The following shall be subject to succession: material objects (movable and immovable things) and non-material objects (securities, patents, trade marks, etc.); the bequeather\u2019s rights to property claims and his property obligations; intellectual property (authors\u2019 property rights to works of literature, science and art, neighbouring property rights and rights to industrial property) in cases provided for by laws; and other property rights and duties stipulated by law.\n\n\n3. The following shall not be subject to succession: personal non-property and property rights inseparable from the person of the bequeather (right to honour and dignity, authorship, right to the author\u2019s name, inviolability of creative work, to the name of the performer and inviolability of performance), right to alimony and benefit paid for the maintenance of the bequeather, right to pension, except in cases provided for by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.2. Grounds for succession\n\n\n1. Succession shall arise by operation of law and by a will.\n\n\n2. Succession shall arise by operation of law unless the testator has changed and to the extent he has changed the grounds for succession by his testamentary disposition.\n\n\n3. In the instances when there are no successors either by operation of law or by a will, or none of the successors accepts succession, or when the testator deprives all the heirs of the right to succession, the estate of the deceased shall devolve to the State pursuant to the right of succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.3. Opening of succession\n\n\n1. The time of the opening of succession shall be considered the moment of death of the bequeather, or, where he is declared deceased, the day when the judgment of the court on the declaring of the bequeather to be deceased becomes final, or the day of death indicated in the court judgment.\n\n\n2. Where it is impossible to determine which of the two or more persons survived each other, they all shall be considered to have died at the same time without giving rise to devolution of rights between them."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.4. Place of the opening of succession\n\n\n1. The place of the opening of succession shall be considered the last place of domicile of the bequeather (Article 2.12 of this Code).\n\n\n2. Where the bequeather had no permanent place of residence, the place of the opening of succession shall be considered to be:"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the place where the bequeather lived most time during the last six months before his death;\n\n\n2) if the bequeather resided in several places, the place of the opening of succession shall be considered the place of prevailing economic or personal interests of the bequeather (place of location of property or its principal part, when the property is situated in several places; the place of residence of the spouse with whom the bequeather maintained matrimonial relationship during the last six months before his death, or the place of residence of the child who was residing together with the bequeather).\n\n\n3. Where the place of residence of the bequeather is impossible to determine on the basis of the circumstances indicated in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, the place of the opening of succession may be determined on the basis of the citizenship of the bequeather, his registration, the place of registration of the vehicles belonging to him, and other circumstances.\n\n\n4. In the event of a dispute, the place of the opening of succession shall be determined by the court at the request of the interested persons by taking  into account all the circumstances."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER II\n\nSUCCESSORS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.5. Persons who have the capacity to inherit\n\n\n1. The following persons shall have the capacity to inherit:\n\n\n1) in succession by operation of law: natural persons who survived the bequeather at the moment of his death, children of the bequeather who were born after his death, as well as the State of Lithuania;\n\n\n2) in succession pursuant to a will: natural persons who survived the testator at the moment of his death, as well as those who were conceived while the testator was still alive and were born after his death; persons upon their birth where named in the will before their conception;\n\n\n3) in succession pursuant to a will: legal persons which existed at the moment of death of the testator or established in executing the testator\u2019s true intent expressed in his will.\n\n\n2. The State or municipalities may also be entitled to inherit pursuant to a will."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.6. Persons unworthy of inheriting\n\n\n1. Those persons shall be unworthy of inheriting, either by operation of law or by a will, who by unlawful intentional actions against the bequeather, or against any of his successors, or against the execution of the true intent of the testator expressed in his will, created a legal situation to become successors if it was established within judicial procedure that they:\n\n\n1) deprived, by malicious intent, the bequeather or his successor of their life, or made an attempt on the life of those persons;\n\n\n2) intentionally created circumstances which hindered the testator until his death in writing, amendment or revocation of the will;\n\n\n3) made, by means of deceit, intimidation or coercion, the testator write up, amend or revoke the will made, or forced a successor to renounce succession;\n\n\n4) concealed, forged or destroyed the will.\n\n\n2. A successor shall not be unworthy of inheriting in accordance with points 3 and 4 of paragraph 1 of this Article if, before the opening of succession, the will or relevant parts thereof ceased to be valid despite the actions of the successor.\n\n\n3. Parents shall be unworthy of inheriting after the death of their children by operation of law if their parental authority was restricted by a court judgment, and this judgment was not extinguished or revoked at the moment of the opening of succession."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.7. Forfeiture of the right of succession by a spouse\n\n\n1. The surviving spouse shall forfeit his/her right of succession by operation of law if before the opening of succession:\n\n\n1) the bequeather had applied to the court for the dissolution of marriage because of the fault of the surviving spouse, and the court had established a ground for the dissolution of marriage;\n\n\n2) separation had been established by the court;\n\n\n3) there was a ground for declaring the marriage null and void if a suit had been brought for declaring the marriage null and void. This point shall not apply in respect of a spouse who was not at fault for the marriage being declared null and void.\n\n\n2. The grounds for declaring marriage null and void provided for in points 1 and 3 of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be established by the court before the opening of succession, or already after the opening of succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.8. Challenging of the right of succession\n\nA person claiming inheritance may challenge the lawfulness of the acceptance of succession as well as the issued certificate of the right of succession by bringing an action against the person who has accepted succession within a period of one year from the day of the opening of succession, or from the day when he became aware or ought to have become aware that the succession was accepted by another person."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.9. Effects of the challenging of the right of succession\n\n\n1. When the court judgment by which the person claiming inheritance is not acknowledged an heir with the right of succession becomes final, this person shall be considered as not having accepted succession.\n\n\n2. Where the action has been brought by an heir with the right of succession, he shall be considered as having accepted the succession, except in cases where this action is brought in the interests of other heirs.\n\n\n3. Other heirs who ought to acquire the right of succession upon the court judgment, indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article, becoming final shall have the right to accept succession within three months from the day when the court judgment becomes final.\n\n\n4. In respect of new heirs, heirship shall be considered open from the moment of the opening of succession (Article 5.3 of this Code).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.10. Persons not entitled to testamentary reservation\n\nIn the event where the beneficiary of testamentary reservation has performed actions indicated in paragraph 1 of Article 5.6 of this Code, he shall forfeit his right to the testamentary reservation.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nSUCCESSION BY OPERATION OF LAW (INTESTATE SUCCESSION)"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.11. Order of intestate succession\n\n\n1. In intestate succession, the following persons shall be heirs to inheritance in equal shares:"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) first degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s children (including adopted children) and bequeather\u2019s children born after his death;\n\n\n2) second degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s parents/adoptive parents and grandchildren;\n\n\n3) third degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s grandparents both on the father\u2019s and mother\u2019s side, bequeather\u2019s great grandchildren;\n\n\n4) fourth degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s brothers and sisters, great grandparents both on the father\u2019s and mother\u2019s side;\n\n\n5) fifth degree descendants: children of the bequeather\u2019s brothers and sisters (nephews and nieces), as well as brothers and sisters of the bequeather\u2019s parents (uncles and aunts);\n\n\n6) sixth degree descendants: children of the bequeather\u2019s parents\u2019 brothers and sisters (cousins).\n\n\n2. Second degree heirs shall inherit by operation of law only in the absence of the first degree heirs, or in the event of the latter\u2019s non-acceptance or renunciation of succession, as well as in cases where the first degree heirs are deprived of the right to inherit. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth degree heirs shall inherit in the absence of heirs of superior degree or in the event of the latter\u2019s renunciation of"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "fourth, fifth and sixth degree heirs shall inherit in the absence of heirs of superior degree or in the event of the latter\u2019s renunciation of succession or deprivation of the right to succession.\n\n\n3. Adopted children and their descendants worthy to inherit after the death of their adoptive parent or his relatives shall be equalled to the children of the adoptive parent and their descendants. They shall not inherit by operation of law after the death of their parents and other blood relatives of a higher degree in the line of descent, as well as after the death of their blood brothers and sisters.\n\n\n4. Adoptive parents and their relatives worthy to inherit after the death of their adoptive child or his descendants shall be equalled to the parents and other blood relatives. Parents of the adopted child and other blood relatives of a superior degree in the line of descent shall not inherit by operation of law after the death of the adopted child or his descendants.\n\n\n5. Entitled to inherit by operation of law shall be the children of the bequeather born to married parents or to parents whose marriage has been declared null and void, as well as the children born out of wedlock with their paternity established in accordance with laws."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.12. Succession by the right of representation\n\nThe bequeather\u2019s grandchildren and great-grandchildren shall inherit by operation of law alongside with correspondingly the first and second degree heirs entitled to inherit in the event of the predecease, at the time of the opening of succession, of any of their parents who would have been a heir. They shall be entitled to equal shares of that part of estate which would have been inherited by their deceased father or mother pursuant to intestate succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.13. Spouses\u2019 right of inheritance\n\nThe surviving spouse of the bequeather shall be entitled to inherit pursuant to intestate succession or alongside with the heirs, if any, of either the first or second degree of descent. Together with the first degree heirs, he shall inherit one fourth of the inheritance in the event of existence of not more than three heirs apart from the spouse. In the event where there are more than three heirs, the spouse shall inherit in equal shares with the other heirs. If the spouse inherits with the second degree heirs, he/she shall be entitled to a half of the inheritance. In the event of absence of the first and second degree heirs, the spouse shall inherit the whole inheritable estate."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.14. Inheritance of house furnishing and household equipment\n\nOrdinary house furnishing and household equipment shall be devolved to the intestate heirs irrespective of their degree of descent and the share of inheritance if they resided together with the bequeather for a period of at least one year before his death.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IV\n\nINHERITANCE BY WILL (TESTATE SUCCESSION)\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.15. Testamentary capacity\n\n\n1. A will may be made exclusively by the testator himself.\n\n\n2. A will may be made only by a person who is legally capable in this area and able to comprehend the importance and consequences of his actions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.16. Nullity of a will or its parts\n\n\n1. A will shall be null and void if:\n\n\n1) made by a person legally incapable in this area;\n\n\n2) made by a person with limited legal capacity in this area;\n\n\n3) its content is unlawful and impossible to understand."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. A will may be declared null and void on other grounds of nullity of transactions.\n\n\n3. A perished will shall have no effect. The content of such a will may not be established by judicial procedure.\n\n\n4. A testator may not authorise another person to establish or alter the content of a will after the death of the testator.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.17. Contesting of a will\n\n\n1. An action for declaring a will or separate parts thereof null and void may be brought only by other intestate or testate successors who would be entitled to inherit if the will or separate parts thereof were declared null and void.\n\n\n2. On declaring a later made will null and void, the previous will shall not become effective, except in cases where a later will was declared null and void because it had been made under coercion or real threat, likewise, where it had been made by a person declared by the court to be legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.18. Conditions for making a will\n\n\n1. A testator shall make a will freely, without coercion or error. Ordinary persuasion or request of interested heirs for a will to be made in their favour shall not be considered coercion and shall not affect the validity of the will.\n\n\n2. Mistakes in the text of the will, incorrect naming of persons, or the fact that some characteristics or state of a certain person or thing has changed or disappeared shall have no effect if the true intent of the testator is clear from the content of the will."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.19. Right of a testator to bequeath his estate at his discretion"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Any natural person may bequeath all his property or a part thereof (including ordinary house furnishing and household equipment) to one or several persons irrespective of whether they are his heirs by operation of law, as well as to the State, municipalities or legal persons.\n\n\n2. A testator may bequeath all his property or a part thereof to legal persons which will have to be established in executing the will, as well as to natural persons not yet conceived and born.\n\n\n3. A testator may by his will disinherit one, several or all of his heirs.\n\n\n4. In the event where the testator failed to indicate what share of his estate he bequeathed to each of his successors by the will, the estate shall be divided in equal shares to all of them.\n\n\n5. In the event where the inheritable estate is distributed in the will in such a way that all the shares in their totality exceed the amount of the whole estate, the share of each successor shall be correspondingly reduced.\n\n\n6. In the event where the totality of all the shares is smaller than the amount of the whole estate, taking into account the content of the will, the shares of the estate devolved upon each of the successors shall be proportionally increased or the remaining property shall be devolved by the operation of law."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.20. Right to the mandatory share of the inheritance\n\n\n1. The testator\u2019s children/adoptees, spouse, parents/adoptive parents who were in need of maintenance at the time of the testator\u2019s death shall inherit, irrespective of the content of the will, a half of the share that each of them would have been entitled to by operation of law (mandatory share) unless more is bequeathed by the will.\n\n\n2. The mandatory share shall be determined by taking into account the value of the inheritable estate, including ordinary house furnishing and household equipment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.21. Appointment of another successor\n\nA testator shall have the right by his will to designate another successor in case the successor appointed by the will died before the opening of succession or renounced the succession. The testator may likewise appoint another successor to the secondary successor in case the secondary successor died before the opening of succession or renounced the succession. The number of the appointments of other successors shall not be limited."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: f2c2b23e-e11b-4451-84d9-af3859217eba
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.22. Inheritance of the part of estate not bequeathed by a will\n\n\n1. The part of the testator\u2019s estate which remained not included into a will shall be divided in equal shares between the intestate heirs who inherit in accordance with the rules provided for in Articles 5.11 to 5.14 of this Code.\n\n\n2. These heirs shall also include the intestate successors who have a share of inheritable estate bequeathed to them by a will unless otherwise provided for by the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.23. Testamentary reservation"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The testator shall have the right to obligate a testate successor to fulfil a certain obligation (testamentary reservation) for the benefit of one or several persons, while these persons shall acquire the right to demand fulfilment of this obligation. Beneficiaries of the testamentary reservation may be intestate heirs as well as any other persons.\n\n\n2. The successor authorised by the testator must fulfil the testamentary reservation without exceeding the value of the property inheritable by him after the claims of the testator\u2019s creditors have been satisfied.\n\n\n3. If the testate successor, authorised to fulfil the testamentary reservation, is entitled to the mandatory share of the inheritance, he shall fulfil the testamentary reservation without exceeding the value of the property inheritable by him which is bigger than his mandatory share.\n\n\n4. In the event where the successor authorised to fulfil testamentary reservation dies before the opening of succession or renounces the succession, the obligation to fulfil the testamentary reservation shall be alienated to the other successors who have received the share of that successor.\n\n\n5. In the event where the executor of the testamentary reservation is not specified in the will, the testamentary reservation shall be excluded from the inheritable estate until the shares of the property inheritable by the successors have been determined.\n\n\n6. The testamentary reservation shall become invalid in the event of the death of its beneficiary before the opening of the succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.24. Acceptance of the testamentary reservation\n\n\n1. The beneficiary of the testamentary reservation shall have the right to accept the testamentary reservation within the period of three months from the day when he became aware or ought to have become aware of his entitlement to the testamentary reservation.\n\n\n2. The beneficiary of the testamentary reservation shall inform about his acceptance thereof the executor of the will/administrator of inheritance, the successor who has accepted succession and is authorised to fulfil the testamentary reservation, or the notary of the place of the opening of succession. In the event where the testamentary reservation is related to the right to immovable property, the application shall in all cases be filed with the notary. The notary shall issue a certificate of the right to inheritance and the testamentary reservation shall be registered in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.25. Types of testamentary reservation"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. In the event where the subject matter of the testamentary reservation is a thing defined by its individual features, the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation, having accepted thereof, shall acquire the right of ownership to this thing from the moment of the acceptance of succession. From that moment, the thing shall be transferred to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation together with all the rights and duties relating to this thing which belonged to the testator. The accessories of the principal thing shall also belong to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation.\n\n\n2. In the even where the subject matter of the testamentary reservation is composed of claims resulting from obligations, all the supplementary claims which had to be fulfilled before the death of the testator shall also belong to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation.\n\n\n3. In the event where the subject matter of the testamentary reservation is movable things defined as to specific features, such testamentary reservation must be fulfilled irrespective of the existence of such things in the inheritance. If there are several things of this kind, the right of choice shall belong to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation unless otherwise provided for by the will.\n\n\n4. The testator shall have the right to obligate a successor, to whom an immovable thing (land, house, apartment, etc.) or a private (personal) enterprise is devolved, to allow another person, for a certain period or for life, to use the immovable thing or its part,"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: c467943f-ed43-4198-8bfd-79efbdb59d19
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "enterprise is devolved, to allow another person, for a certain period or for life, to use the immovable thing or its part, or to transfer the revenue, or a part thereof, derived from that property.\n\n\n5. In the event where the testator by his testamentary reservation established maintenance for somebody without specifying its content, such person shall be entitled to board, accommodation, clothing and medical care, and those who study shall be entitled to have their study expenses paid for the whole duration of their study, but not longer than until they reach the age of 24."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: fda0ccd5-b902-4ea1-b96a-50b7d1811952
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.26. Bequeathing of property to society for useful and charitable purposes\n\n\n1. A testator may bequeath his whole estate, its part, or an individual thing to society for useful and charitable purposes. A legal person to be established in executing the wish of the testator may be appointed as successor to such property. The testator may obligate his successor or the executor of the will to establish such a legal person.\n\n\n2. In the event where the successor or the executor of the will fails to take any action for the establishment of the legal person, the interested persons may apply to the court with a request to appoint an administrator and obligate the latter to establish the legal person stipulated in the will.\n\n\n3. Where the social need for which the estate was intended disappears or the property cannot be used for the purpose indicated in the will, and in absence of any related instructions from the testator, the question of further use of such property shall be decided by the court of the place of the opening of succession. Such property must be used for the purposes similar to those indicated by the testator.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.27. Types of wills\n\nWills may be official and private."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.28. Official wills"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Official wills are such wills which are made in writing in two copies and attested by the notary or an official of a consulate of the Republic of Lithuania in the relevant state.\n\n\n2. Public wills of persons with hearing and speech impairment shall be made with the participation of a person who understands sign language and is trusted by the testator, except in cases where the person with hearing and speech impairment is literate and can read the written up will and confirm in writing of his awareness of the content of the will.\n\n\n3. The place and time when the will was made shall be indicated therein. The written up will shall be read to the testator alone or with the participation of witnesses. The will shall be signed by the testator himself. The will shall be attested and registered in the Notarial Register in his presence. One copy of the will shall be handed in to the testator, the other shall remain with the institution which has attested it. The information about the making of the will and its content shall be confidential.\n\n\n4. If the will possessed by the testator or any other person fails to conform to the will deposited with the notary, in case of dispute preference shall be given to the will deposited with the notary, providing that it does not contain any corrections, deletions or erasures that were not agreed upon in accordance with the established procedure.\n\n\n5. The fact of making an official will may not be"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "or erasures that were not agreed upon in accordance with the established procedure.\n\n\n5. The fact of making an official will may not be disputed.\n\n\n6. The following shall be equalled to official wills:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) wills of persons undergoing treatment in hospitals or any other institutions of medical care and disease prevention or in sanatoriums, as well as wills of persons living in the social care homes for the elderly or disabled people, attested by the chief doctors, their deputies for medical matters or doctors on duty of these hospitals, institutions of medical care or sanatoriums, as well as by the directors or chief doctors of social care homes for the elderly or disabled people;\n\n\n2) wills of persons sailing in seagoing vessels or ships of internal waters flying the flag of the Republic of Lithuania, attested by the masters of those ships;\n\n\n3) wills of persons participating in surveyor, research, sport or any other expeditions, attested by the heads of those expeditions;\n\n\n4) wills of soldiers, attested by the commanders of their units, formations or institutions and military schools;\n\n\n5) wills of inmates of the places of confinement, attested by the heads of these institutions;\n\n\n6) wills attested by the wardens of the testator\u2019s place of residence.\n\n\n7. Persons indicated in paragraph 6 of this Article must transfer the attested will to the notary as soon as possible in accordance with the procedure determined by the Minister of Justice."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.29. Signing of wills by another person\n\nIn the event where the testator due to his physical disabilities, illness or any other reasons is unable to sign the will himself, it may be signed, upon the testator\u2019s request and in the presence of the notary or any other official authorised to attest the will and at least two witnesses, by another legally capable natural person who is not a testate successor, by concurrently indicating the reason for which the testator is not able to sign the will himself. Witnesses must also put their signatures in the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.30. Private will"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 411d3c64-8b62-4704-863d-aed22770c167
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A private will shall be a will written up in hand by the testator, indicating the first name and surname of the testator, the date (year, month, day) and place where the will was made, expressing the true intent of the testator and signed by him. A private will may be written up in any language. Failure to indicate the date and place of the making of the will shall render it invalid only in those cases where it is impossible to determine the date and place of the making of the will by any other way, or they are not possible to infer from other circumstances.\n\n\n2. Corrections introduced by the hand of the testator and the deletions explained by him shall not render the will invalid. Such conditions shall be valid which were mistakenly deleted by the hand of the testator who later made an inscription by his hand testifying that those conditions were deleted by mistake. The will shall be valid if there is some word omitted by mistake, or a word contains a spelling mistake; the relevant conditions shall also be valid, providing that their meaning is not obscure.\n\n\n3. A will which is undeniably unfinished and unsigned shall be null and void.\n\n\n4. If a will contains an inscription about the testator\u2019s intent to supplement it in the future though he failed to accomplish that, such will shall be valid, providing that it can be executed without the intended supplement."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.31. Depositing of a private will\n\n\n1. A testator may deposit his will with the notary or a consular officer of the Republic of Lithuania in a foreign state. In accepting a will for deposit, the identity of the testator must be established.\n\n\n2. A deposited will shall be equalled to an official will if the deposit was performed pursuant to the following requirements:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 531b83d9-3929-4147-a383-5495ad975434
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the will was deposited by the testator himself who declared that the will expressed his final true intent;\n\n\n2) the will was deposited in a sealed envelope, the measures for the protection of the envelope against damage were enforced, and both the testator and the person accepting the will put their signatures on the envelope;\n\n\n3) an act on the acceptance of the will for deposit has been written up, indicating that the requirements specified in point 1 and 2 of paragraph 2 of this Article have not been violated, as well as providing a description of the envelope, measures for the protection of the envelope against damage, an indication of the testator\u2019s name, surname, personal number, and his place of residence, the place and date of the making of the will and its kind, and the official position, name and surname of the person who accepted the will for deposit. The act shall be signed by the testator and the official accepting the will for deposit. The testator shall be issued with a copy of the act.\n\n\n3. The accepted will shall be kept in the safe of the institution of deposit. The testator may take the will back at any time. The will may also be handed in to an agent of the testator under a special authorisation of the testator.\n\n\n4. In the event where a private will was not transferred for deposit in accordance with the procedure established in this Article, it must be confirmed by the court"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "In the event where a private will was not transferred for deposit in accordance with the procedure established in this Article, it must be confirmed by the court within a period of one year from the death of the testator. In this case, only a will confirmed by the court shall be valid."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.32. Register of wills\n\n\n1. The data controller of the Register of wills made in the territory of the Republic of Lithuania shall be the Ministry of Justice, and the data processor of this Register shall be designated by the Government.\n\n\n2. Notaries and consular officers must notify the data processor of the Register of wills within three working days about the wills that have been attested, accepted for deposit or revoked. The notification shall include the testator\u2019s name, surname, personal number, and his place of residence, the place and date of the making of the will, its kind, and the place of deposit. The content of the will shall not be divulged.\n\n\n3. After the death of the testator, the data of the Register may be transferred to the court, notary and other interested persons."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.33. Announcement of the will\n\n\n1. As soon as the notary of the place of the opening of succession becomes aware of the death of the testator, he shall establish a date for the announcement of the will and notify about it the known successors and other interested persons. Where the envelope containing the will has been secured by protective measures against damage, a record must be drawn up specifying therein whether the envelope and the protective measures against damage are intact. Where there are several wills, all of them shall be announced.\n\n\n2. After having announced the will, the notary must take all the measures necessary to establish the place of residence of all the successors and other interested persons who were not present when the will was announced, and without delay inform them about the content of the will.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.34. Time limit for keeping the will in deposit\n\nWhere a will is kept in deposit for a period of over 30 years, the depository institution must verify, by the means available, whether the testator is still alive. If it becomes clear that the testator is dead, the envelope with the will shall be opened and the will announced."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.35. Revocation, supplementation and alteration of a will\n\n\n1. The testator shall have the right at any time to alter, supplement or revoke a will made by him by drawing up a new will, or not to make a will.\n\n\n2. A will made at a later time shall annul the whole previous will or a certain part thereof which contradicts the later will. This provision shall not apply in respect of a joint will of spouses.\n\n\n3. The testator may also revoke an official will by filing an application with the depositor of the will or the institution which attested it. The signature of the testator on such application must be witnessed in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.36. Conditions of a will\n\n\n1. The testator may appoint a successor or a beneficiary of the testamentary reservation by specifying one or several conditions to be fulfilled by them in order to inherit.\n\n\n2. Unlawful conditions, or conditions contrary to the usages, or those violating the requirements of good morals shall be null and void."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.37. Execution of a will\n\n\n1. A will shall be executed by the executor of the will or a successor appointed by the testator, or by an administrator of inheritance appointed by the court.\n\n\n2. No one may be appointed executor of a will against his wish, however, the person who has assumed the duties of the executor of the will may not relinquish those duties without important reasons.\n\n\n3. The testator may appoint one or several executors of the will. The testator may likewise appoint a secondary executor of the will in case the primary executor is not able to fulfil his duties. In this event, the consent of the secondary executor shall be required, either inscribed in the will itself or expressed in a statement appended to the will.\n\n\n4. The person who has signed the will on behalf of the testator may not be an executor of the will.\n\n\n5. In the event where the testator failed to appoint an executor, or the appointed executor or a successor are not able to fulfil their duties, the district court of the place of the opening of succession shall appoint an administrator of inheritance to perform all the actions necessary for the execution of the will.\n\n\n6. A person who has embarked upon the execution of a will shall have no right to relinquish those duties without important reasons."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.38. Rights and duties of the executor of the will appointed by the testator"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The executor of the will shall perform all the actions necessary for the execution of the will. Pending the appointment of the administrator of inheritance or the establishment of the successors, the executor of the will shall perform the functions of a successor, i.e. possess the inheritance, compile the inventory of the inheritance, pay the debts of the inheritance, recover the debts from the testator\u2019s debtors, provide maintenance for the successors who are entitled to it, perform the search of successors, establish whether the successors accept the inheritance, etc. In his activity, the executor shall be guided by the will. In executing the will, the executor shall consult with the successors. Any dispute concerning the execution of the will shall be decided by the district court of the place of the opening of succession.\n\n\n2. In performing his duties, the executor of the will must act with the same diligence as in taking care of his private interests. Where the executor of the will receives payment for his work, he shall be liable to the successors and other interested persons for any loss caused by his negligent actions.\n\n\n3. Where the testator has appointed several executors of the will without clearly defining their corresponding rights and duties, they shall act jointly. Any disagreement between them over the execution of the will shall be decided in judicial proceedings. The executors shall be jointly liable for the actions performed upon their mutual consent.\n\n\n4. Where one of the"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "be decided in judicial proceedings. The executors shall be jointly liable for the actions performed upon their mutual consent.\n\n\n4. Where one of the executors has been given a specific assignment by the testator, or authorised with execution of a certain part of the will, such executor shall be liable solely for his own actions.\n\n\n5. Expenses incurred in the execution of the will shall be covered from the inherited estate.\n\n\n6. The executor shall perform his duties gratuitously where nothing has been specified by the testator in his will concerning payment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 2e1ecfb0-7694-4b1c-a1af-36d7c84b7d16
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.39. Inventory of inheritance\n\n\n1. Having assumed the management of the inheritance, the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance must immediately compile an inventory of the inheritance, listing the whole inheritable estate, as well as all the amounts due to and owed by the testator. A successor, who expresses such a wish, may participate in the compilation of the inventory of the property.\n\n\n2. The executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance shall have the right upon his discretion, or the obligation upon the demand of a successor, to apply to the bailiff with a request to compile the inventory. The executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance shall apply to the bailiff upon the issuing by the notary of an executory assignment concerning the compilation of the inventory.\n\n\n3. Expenses incurred in the compilation of the inventory of inheritance shall be covered from the inherited assets."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 9a6a4349-75eb-47c3-979c-db9a42b0ec4a
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.40. Possession of inheritance and its duration\n\nThe testator may authorise the executor of the will to possess the inheritance, accepted pursuant to the established procedure, without casting any further obligations on him, or authorise the possession of inheritance after other assignments of the testator have been fulfilled. The duration of such possession may be specified in the will by indicating a definite time limit or a certain event (attainment of a certain age by the successor, death of a successor, marriage, etc.). Such time limit may not exceed the period of 20 years from day of the opening of succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.41. Report of the executor of the will\n\nHaving fulfilled the execution of the will, the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance must, upon the request of the successors, provide them with the report. Where the will is being executed for a period exceeding one year, and the possession of the inheritance is performed by the executor of the will or the administrator (Article 5.40 of this Code), such reports must be submitted every year."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 90065fb6-f074-4b59-a21a-9de7e400a568
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.42. Removal of the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance\n\nWhere the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance improperly fulfils his duty, violates the interests of the successors, beneficiaries of the testamentary reservation, of the testator\u2019s creditors and those of other interested persons, the court of the place of the opening of succession shall have the right, upon the demand of the latter persons, to remove the executor of the will and appoint an administrator of the inheritance, to replace the administrator appointed by the court.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nJOINT WILL OF SPOUSES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.43. Concept of a joint will of spouses\n\nBy their joint will, the spouses appoint each other as the successor and, after the death of one of the spouses, the whole property of the deceased (including the part of the common property of the spouses therefrom) shall be inherited by the surviving spouse, except the mandatory share of succession (Article 5.20 of this Code)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 32528a41-9834-44ba-b307-981ec24f19db
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.44. Making a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. A joint will of spouses may be made exclusively by spouses. Such will shall be signed by both spouses in the presence of a notary or any other person attesting the will.\n\n\n2. A joint will of spouses shall be made exclusively as an official will (Article 5.28 of this Code).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.45. Content of a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. By testamentary disposition, each of the spouses shall provide for the devolution of his/her whole property to the other spouse.\n\n\n2. A successor may be appointed by the will to inherit the property after the death of the surviving spouse.\n\n\n3. A will may provide for a testamentary reservation awarded from the property of one of the spouses after his/her death, or from the common property of the spouses after the death of the surviving spouse.\n\n\n4. The spouses may bequeath their whole property or a part thereof to society for worthy causes or to charity. Such a direction of the will may be effectuated from the property of one of the spouses after his/her death or from the common property of the spouses after the death of the surviving spouse."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b2af2df0-f93a-451d-8fd1-991dd5c260a5
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.46. Revocation and invalidity of a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. Each of the spouses shall be entitled to revoke the expression of his/her intention before the opening of the succession within the same procedure as the drawing up of the will. In this event, the expression of the intention of the other spouse shall lose its legal effect as well.\n\n\n2. The wills drawn up by the spouse without previous revocation of the joint will of spouses shall be null and void.\n\n\n3. A joint will of spouses shall be rendered invalid by the dissolution of marriage or by filing a suit (lodging an application) for the dissolution of marriage, or by the consent of the spouse to the dissolution of marriage before the opening of succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.47. Obtaining the deposited will\n\nThe institution which has attested the will or deposited it for safekeeping may issue the will only upon the request of both spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.48. Announcement of a joint will of spouses\n\nUpon the death of one of the spouses, only the intent of that spouse shall be revealed to the interested successors in accordance with the procedure established in Article 5.33 of this Code; the intent of the other spouse shall not be revealed."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 05c597be-ee14-4741-a67c-f90d4611f949
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.49. Renunciation of inheritance under a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. Upon the death of one of the spouses, the other spouse shall have no right to modify a joint will. He shall have the right to renounce the acceptance of succession. In this event, the estate of the deceased spouse shall be devolved upon his/her heirs by operation of law, and the surviving spouse shall acquire the right to make a new will upon his/her discretion.\n\n\n2. Such refusal on the part of the surviving spouse to accept succession shall have no effect upon the right of the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation from the estate of the deceased spouse to a testamentary reservation which is issued by intestate heirs.\n\n\n3. Where the surviving spouse renounces succession, the successor appointed by the joint will to inherit after the death of the surviving spouse shall lose the right of succession under the joint will of spouses.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VI\n\nACCEPTANCE OF SUCCESSION AND LIABILITY FOR THE DEBTS OF THE BEQUEATHER"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 319e7bab-2ac9-47fc-9e45-e332e5eaa2e0
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER VI\n\nACCEPTANCE OF SUCCESSION AND LIABILITY FOR THE DEBTS OF THE BEQUEATHER\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.50. Acceptance of succession\n\n\n1. In order to acquire succession, a successor must accept it. Acceptance may not be in part, or subject to conditions or exceptions.\n\n\n2. A successor shall be deemed to have accepted succession when he actually starts possessing the estate or when he files an application on the acceptance of succession with the notary of the place of the opening of succession.\n\n\n3. Actions indicated in this Article must be performed within three months from the day of the opening of succession; however, the legal consequences specified in paragraph 2 of this Article shall arise only in the absence of the actions of the heir(s) of superior degree by operation of law or of the heir(s) of superior degree by operation of a will hereunder the succession has been accepted.\n\n\n4. No longer effective from 8 July 2015.\n\n\n5. Inheritance devolved to the successors born after the opening of succession shall be accepted within three months from the day of their birth.\n\n\n6. The notary must inform the data processor of the Register of Wills about the acceptance of succession within three working days from the date of acceptance."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: c7f142b3-b21f-45f0-a0ae-ddb89bd1de22
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.51. Acceptance of succession after the actual start of possession of the property\n\n\n1. A successor shall be deemed to have accepted the inheritance if he has started to possess the estate, treating it like his own property (possesses, uses and disposes of it, takes care of it, pays taxes, has applied to the court expressing his intention to accept the inheritance and appoint the administrator of inheritance, etc.). A successor, who has started to possess any part of the inheritance, shall be deemed to have accepted the whole inheritance.\n\n\n2. A successor, who has started to possess the estate, shall have the right, within the period established for the acceptance of succession, to renounce succession by filing an application with the notary of the place of the opening of succession. In this case, the successor shall be deemed to have possessed the inheritance in the interests of other successors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 294b3d14-d55e-4184-a3d8-576fe6fa6f1a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.52. Liability for the debts of the bequeather by the successor who has accepted inheritance by starting to possess the estate or by filing an application with the notary\n\n\n1. The successor who has accepted succession by taking over the possession of the estate or by filing an application with the notary shall be liable for the debts of the bequeather with his whole property, except in cases provided for in this Code. Where the estate was accepted by several successors in the manner indicated in this paragraph, they shall all be jointly liable with their whole property for the debts of the bequeather.\n\n\n2. Where the successor indicates in the application for the acceptance of inheritance, filed with the notary, that he wishes to accept succession in accordance with the inventory, the inventory shall be compiled and the liability of the successor for the debts of the bequeather shall be defined in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 5.53 and 5.54 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 898c0a02-2e81-4a86-b0ad-e66dceb9bf77
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.53. Acceptance of succession in accordance with a property inventory"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 5c469ea0-f552-458c-bb37-3591804a5007
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A successor who has accepted inheritance in accordance with the property inventory compiled by the bailiff shall be liable for the debts of the bequeather only with the inherited property. In the event where at least one of the successors has accepted the inheritance in accordance with the property inventory, all the other successors shall be deemed to have accepted the inheritance in accordance with the inventory.\n\n\n2. For the acceptance of inheritance in accordance with the property inventory, the successor shall apply with an application to the notary of the place of the opening of succession. Upon the receipt of the said application, the notary shall henceforth issue to the successor an executory assignment regarding the compilation of the property inventory. Such assignment shall be executed in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania. The successor shall, not later than within two weeks, submit the executory assignment issued by the notary regarding the compilation of the property inventory to any bailiff acting in the territory of operation of the district court of the place of opening of succession. The executory assignment regarding the compilation of the property inventory not submitted to the bailiff within two weeks from the issuing thereof shall become invalid and any successor shall be entitled to apply to the notary for the issuing of a new executory assignment.\n\n\n3. The bailiff shall compile the property inventory not later than within one month from the receipt of the documents referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In cases"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 8189f97a-3712-4771-9a11-8cf058fab7f9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "bailiff shall compile the property inventory not later than within one month from the receipt of the documents referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In cases where the inherited estate is located in several places or there is a considerable number of creditors of the bequeather, the bailiff must compile the property inventory not later than within three months.\n\n\n4. A successor must furnish all the data necessary for the compilation of the property inventory of the bequeather\u2019s estate.\n\n\n5. The property inventory must contain:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d0e76c27-f32c-4536-8c3d-f4af0a7e8995
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) a list of all the things comprising inheritance, indicating their value and the circumstance necessary for the determination of their value;\n\n\n2) indication of all known obligatory rights and duties of the bequeather, specifying the bequeather\u2019s creditors and debtors.\n\n\n6. The property inventory shall be signed by the bailiff and the successor who participated during the compilation of the inventory. At the end of the inventory, there must be an inscription signed by the successor, equivalent to an oath, to testify that the inventory includes the whole estate of the bequeather known to the successor as well as all of the bequeather\u2019s obligatory claims and duties.\n\n\n7. Upon becoming aware, after the compilation of the property inventory, about property or obligatory claims and duties not included into the property inventory, the successor must immediately apply to the notary for the issuing of an executory assignment regarding the supplementing of the property inventory. The successor shall, not later than within three working days, submit the executory assignment issued by the notary regarding the supplementing of the property inventory to any bailiff acting in the territory of operation of the district court of the place of opening of succession. On the basis of the data submitted by the successor, the bailiff must supplement the property inventory not later than within three weeks.\n\n\n8. The compilation of the property inventory may also be requested by the creditors of the bequeather. The creditors of"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 090a419d-157b-4da9-a478-4addda66196f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "within three weeks.\n\n\n8. The compilation of the property inventory may also be requested by the creditors of the bequeather. The creditors of the bequeather shall have the right to participate during the compilation of the property inventory themselves or to authorise any other person to participate during the compilation of the property inventory.\n\n\n9. The bailiff must ensure access to the property inventory for anyone who demonstrates a legitimate interest in access to the inventory."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 9ccd0d02-026d-46cb-81bf-abeab87923c5
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.54. Incorrect inventory\n\nWhere during the compilation of the inventory the successor due to his fault failed to indicate the whole estate comprising inheritance, concealed debtors of the bequeather, on his initiative a non-existing debt was included into the inventory, the inventory was not supplemented in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 7 of Article 5.53 of this Code, or the successor failed to fulfil the duty set out in paragraph 4 of Article 5.53 of this Code, the successor concerned shall be liable for the debts of the bequeather with his whole property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 105bee2e-c5d4-461c-bd12-f52e94704a4d
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.55. Applying to the court for the administration of the property of the succession"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 263cedb8-7822-41dd-b0c9-5038b155686c
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Where the inherited estate is a private (personal) enterprise, a farmstead, or the bequeather\u2019s debts might exceed the value of the inheritance, the successor, having accepted succession, may apply to the court of the place of the opening of succession with a request to appoint an administrator for the property of the succession, or request to appoint an administrator for the property of the succession and decide on the issue of auction or initiation of bankruptcy proceedings. In this event, the debts of the bequeather shall be paid only from the inheritance.\n\n\n2. Administration of the property of the succession shall be established by a ruling of the district court located in the place of the opening of succession. By this ruling, the court shall appoint an administrator of the property of the succession and determine his remuneration.\n\n\n3. No administration of the property of the succession shall be established where the inheritance is not significant, and the costs of administration would exceed the value of the inheritance, or where the major part of the inheritance would have to be used for the payment of administration costs. Administration of the property of the succession shall be abolished where it becomes clear that the costs of administration would exceed the value of the inheritance.\n\n\n4. The administrator of the property of the succession shall have the same rights and duties as the executor of the will (Article 5.38 of this Code); the provisions of Chapter XIV of Book Four of this Code shall also apply"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 04560485-b862-4083-a3a4-8725e19bf6ae
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "as the executor of the will (Article 5.38 of this Code); the provisions of Chapter XIV of Book Four of this Code shall also apply mutatis mutandis in this respect.\n\n\n5. Where there are several successors, they shall file a joint application for the appointment of an administrator for the property of the succession. No administrator of the property of the succession shall be determined where the successors have taken over the possession of the inheritable estate.\n\n\n6. Where in the events indicated in this Article no administration of the property is established, or it is abolished, an estate inventory shall be compiled and the debts of the bequeather shall be paid only from the property of the succession.\n\n\n7. Any disputes among successors concerning the administration of the property of the succession shall be decided by the court by passing a corresponding ruling."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 78be9aa7-9732-4e36-9b98-792ef045c301
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.56. Implementation of the right to succession of persons legally incapable in this area or persons with limited legal capacity in this area\n\nSuccession on behalf of persons legally incapable in this area shall be accepted by their parents or guardians. Persons with limited legal capacity in this area shall accept succession exclusively upon the consent of their parents or curators. Where a curator does not give his/her consent, the consent to accept succession may be granted by the court at the request of a person with limited legal capacity in this area.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.57. Renewal of the time limit for the acceptance of succession\n\n\n1. The time limit established in Article 5.50 of this Code for the acceptance of succession may be renewed by the court where it is determined that the time limit has been missed due to important reasons. Succession may be accepted after the expiry of the time limit likewise without the application to the court where all the other successors who have accepted the succession give their assent.\n\n\n2. In the instances provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, the successor who has missed the time limit for the acceptance of succession shall be entitled only to that part of the estate belonging to him and accepted by other successors or devolved to the State which remained in kind, as well as the proceeds from the realisation of the other part of the estate belonging to him."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 661d6af6-81f9-45ba-b957-755f21c170d2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.58. Transference of the right to accept succession\n\n\n1. Where a successor entitled to inherit by operation of law or by a will dies after the opening of succession without having been able to accept thereof within the established time limit (Article 5.50 of this Code), the right to accept succession shall be transferred to his heirs.\n\n\n2. This right of a deceased successor may be implemented by his successors on general grounds within three months from the day of the opening of succession in their respect."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 856b6412-6f2d-4c5d-9823-7aa6aa0040ca
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.59. Rights of a successor who has started possessing the inheritable estate before the appearance of other successors\n\n\n1. A successor who has started to possess the inheritable estate in the event where there are other successors shall have no right to dispose of (to sell, pledge, etc.) the inheritable property before the expiry of three months from the day of the opening of succession, or until he receives the certificate of the right to inheritance.\n\n\n2. Before the expiry of the indicated time limit, or until he gets the certificate of the right to inheritance, the successor shall only be entitled to:\n\n\n1) pay the expenses for the medical treatment and care of the bequeather, as well as his funeral costs and the expenses for taking care of the grave;\n\n\n2) provide maintenance to natural persons who were maintained by the bequeather;\n\n\n3) ensure normal functioning of the enterprise/farm;\n\n\n4) satisfy requirements arising from employment relationships;\n\n\n5) protect and manage the inheritable estate."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 5e915fb0-3a3e-4fd8-8816-34df0abf2b1f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.60. Renunciation of inheritance\n\n\n1. An heir by operation of law or successor by a will shall have the right to renounce inheritance within three months from the day of the opening of succession. Renunciation may not be in part or subject to conditions or exceptions.\n\n\n2. Renunciation of inheritance shall have the same effect as non-acceptance of succession.\n\n\n3. A successor shall renounce inheritance by filing an application with the notary of the place of the opening of succession.\n\n\n4. No renunciation shall be allowed in the instances where the successor has filed an application on the acceptance of succession with the notary of the place of the opening of succession or asked for issuance of the certificate of the right to inheritance."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b6b9a7a9-8098-4272-8a06-9e1d78700758
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.61. Increase of the shares of succession\n\n\n1. Where an heir by operation of law or a successor by a will has not accepted succession, or the testator has deprived his heir of the right of inheritance, the share of succession belonging to that successor shall devolve to the intestate heirs and shall be divided among them in equal shares.\n\n\n2. Where the testator bequeathed his whole estate to the successors by his will, the share of succession which belonged to the successor who renounced or did not accept thereof shall devolve to the other testate successors and shall be divided among them in equal shares.\n\n\n3. The rules established in this Article shall not apply in the instances where a secondary successor is appointed for the successor who has renounced or not accepted succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: ea4e40fb-f543-4beb-8b88-121eaf115b8f
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.62. Devolution of succession to the State\n\n\n1. The inherited estate shall devolve to the State under the right of succession if:\n\n\n1) the estate was bequeathed to the State by a will;\n\n\n2) the testator has neither intestate heirs nor testate successors;\n\n\n3) none of the successors has accepted the succession;\n\n\n4) all the heirs have been deprived of the right to inheritance (disinherited).\n\n\n2. Where there are no intestate heirs, while only a part of the estate of a testator has been bequeathed by a will, the remaining part shall devolve to the State.\n\n\n3. The State shall be liable for the testator\u2019s debts not exceeding the real value of the inherited property devolved to it."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.63. Procedure for making and satisfying creditors\u2019 claims\n\n\n1. The creditors of a bequeather shall have the right, within three months from the day of the opening of succession, to make claims against the successors who accepted the succession, the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance, or to bring an action in respect of the inheritable property.\n\n\n2. Claims shall be made without taking regard of the expiry of the time limits for their satisfaction.\n\n\n3. The procedure for making creditors\u2019 claims established in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not apply in respect of claims based on mortgage and pledge, as well as claims related to the economic activity of the inheritable private (personal) enterprise or that of a farmer. Claims related to the activity of an inheritable enterprise or farm shall pass to the successors and be realised in accordance with the transactions entered into by the bequeather, except in those cases where the inherited estate is an enterprise against which bankruptcy proceedings have been initiated, or a farm is insolvent.\n\n\n4. The court may renew the time limit specified in paragraph 1 of this Article where the time limit was missed due to important reasons and the time lapse from the opening of the inheritance does not exceed three years."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.64. Securing of inheritance\n\n\n1. Upon having received information about the opening of succession, the court of the place of the opening of succession shall take the necessary measures to secure the inheritance if:\n\n\n1) the successors are not known;\n\n\n2) there are no successors in the place of the opening of succession;\n\n\n3) the successors do not want or cannot accept the inheritance;\n\n\n4) at least one successor is legally incapable in this area or with limited legal capacity in this area;\n\n \n\n\n5) the testator is known to have considerable debts;\n\n\n6) there are other circumstances determining the need to secure the inheritance.\n\n\n2. The inheritable estate shall be secured until it is accepted by all the successors, and, where it is not accepted, until the expiry of the time limit established for the acceptance of succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 14aa741b-4d45-4733-afd3-a45e224be594
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.65. Appointment of an administrator for the inheritable estate\n\nWhere the inheritance includes property subject to management (private (personal) enterprise, a farmstead, securities, etc.) and it cannot be performed by the executor of the will or the successor, likewise where the creditors of the bequeather bring an action before the successors accept the inheritance, the district court shall appoint an administrator of the inheritable property vested with the rights established in Article 5.38 of this Code. Provisions of Chapter XIV of Book Four of this Code shall apply mutantis mutandis in respect of the administrator of inheritance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.66. Application for the issuance of the certificate of the right to inheritance\n\n\n1. The successors who inherit by operation of law or by a will may file an application with the notary of the place of the opening of succession for the issuance of the certificate of the right to inheritance.\n\n\n2. The same procedure for the issuance of the certificate of the right to inheritance shall apply in the instances where the inheritable estate is devolved to the State or municipality."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b92754bb-2e3a-4011-b1f4-90ff4e3d4cce
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.67. Time limit for the issuance of the certificate of the right to inheritance\n\n\n1. The successors shall be issued with the certificate of the right to inheritance upon the lapse of three months from the day of the opening of succession.\n\n\n2. In the event of succession both by operation of law and by a will, natural persons may also be issued with the certificate of the right to inheritance before the lapse of three months from the day of the opening of succession if the notary possesses information that there are no successors apart from the persons who have applied for the issuance of the certificate of the right to inheritance.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VII\n\nMUTUAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SUCCESSORS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.68. Legal status of the inheritable estate\n\nWhere there are several heirs, the estate inherited by them shall comprise their partial co-ownership unless it is otherwise provided for by the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.69. Division of the inheritance\n\n\n1. No one may be forced to renounce his right to the share he is entitled to from the inheritable estate. Inheritance shall be divided by mutual agreement between the heirs.\n\n\n2. Inheritance may not be divided:\n\n\n1) until the birth of a testate or intestate successor;\n\n\n2) if the testator has established by his will a time limit during which the successors jointly possess the inherited estate. This time limit may not exceed the period of five years from the day of the opening of succession, except in cases when there are minors among the successors. In this event, the testator may prohibit division of the estate until the successor concerned reaches the age of eighteen."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: cdfc8522-3ab4-49ff-a5a1-36cba4094503
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.70. Methods of property division\n\n\n1. Successors may divide the inherited estate upon their mutual agreement before the rights of successors to the things are registered in the public register. The division of immovable things shall be formalised by a notarial deed which must be registered in the public register. In the event of disagreement between the successors concerning the division of property, the estate shall be divided by the court upon the action brought by each of them.\n\n\n2. Divisible things shall be divided in kind; indivisible things shall be devolved on one of the successors by taking into account the character of the thing and the needs of the successor, while the other successors shall be compensated for the value of the thing with other things or in money.\n\n\n3. The whole inheritance or separate things thereof may be, upon the mutual agreement of the successors, sold in an auction and the amount received divided, or an auction may be held among the successors concerning separate things where the thing shall be devolved to that successor who offers the highest bid.\n\n\n4. The transference of individual things to concrete successors may be decided by mutually agreed way of drawing lots."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.71. Inheritance of a farmstead\n\nWhere a division of a farmstead may destroy the farm, the priority right to get the farm and the inventory thereof shall be granted to the successor who has worked most in the inheritable farm and is inclined and prepared to engage into farming himself. In the event of a dispute, the court may schedule the compensation to other successors for the shares of the property belonging to them to be paid within the period of ten years by deciding to establish a compulsory mortgage for all the immovable things of such successor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.72. Priority right of a successor to an enterprise\n\nThe priority right to receive in kind a private (personal) enterprise inherited by several successors shall be awarded to that successor who is willing and able to manage the inherited enterprise himself. In this event, regard shall also be taken of the possibility of the person receiving the enterprise in kind to settle with the other successors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 9b8a408c-4655-4188-a296-82454da3e1ad
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.73. Priority right of other successors to purchase an inherited farmstead\n\nWhere a successor, who has inherited a farmstead pursuant to Article 5.71 of this Code, sells the farmstead before the expiry of a ten-year period from the day of inheritance, priority right to purchase the farmstead shall be awarded to the other successors if the compensation provided for in Article 5.71 has not been paid to them in full. Upon the sale of the farmstead, the other successors shall acquire the right to demand immediate payment of the remaining part of the compensation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 82871e53-d572-4ae3-88fa-489f9ea01764
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.74. Documents\n\n\n1. Unless the successors have agreed otherwise, the documents of the family and the inheritable estate shall not be divided and shall be transferred by mutual agreement to the custody of one of the successors, or to the successor who has received the largest share of the inheritance, or, if all the shares are equal, to the eldest successor. The successor into whose custody the documents are transferred must allow the other successors to have access to them and to make copies or extracts thereof.\n\n\n2. The documents pertaining to an immovable thing shall be located with that successor to whom the immovable thing is devolved. Where an immovable thing is inherited by several successors, the documents shall be kept by mutual agreement in the custody of one of them.\n\n\n3. Disputes related to documents shall be decided by the court by taking into account the size of the shares, use of the immovable thing, place of residence of the successors and other circumstances.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VIII\n\nPARTICULARITIES IN SUCCESSION OF SEPARATE TYPES OF PROPERTY"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER VIII\n\nPARTICULARITIES IN SUCCESSION OF SEPARATE TYPES OF PROPERTY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.75. Inheritance of land\n\nWhere land is inherited by an heir who may not have the right of ownership of land pursuant to laws of the Republic of Lithuania, he shall be entitled only to a sum of money received from the sale of the inherited land. The land shall, on the basis of the certificate of the right to inheritance submitted by the heir, be sold in accordance with the procedure established by the Government to the purchaser indicated by the heir or in an auction. The amount received shall be paid to the heir after deducting the costs of sale or of the organisation of auction."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.76. Inheritance of industrial property\n\n\n1. The right of the bequeather to a patent of invention or to a certificate of industrial design shall devolve to his successors. The rights provided by the documents of industrial property protection shall also be subject to inheritance.\n\n\n2. Alongside with the enterprise, the successors shall also inherit the right to the name of the legal person and trade marks.\n\n\n3. The rights and duties pursuant to licence contracts entered into by the bequeather shall devolve to the successors; they shall also acquire the right to industrial and commercial secrets (know-how) and the rights and duties pursuant to contracts on the transference of industrial and commercial secrets provided that these secrets are not of the character indivisible from the personality of the bequeather.\n\n \n\n\n \n\n\nBOOK SIX\n\n \n\n\nLAW ON OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nPART I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nCONCEPT OF AN OBLIGATION AND ARISING OF OBLIGATIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER I\n\nCONCEPT OF AN OBLIGATION AND ARISING OF OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.1. Concept of an obligation\n\nAn obligation shall mean a legal relationship in which one party (debtor) must perform a determined action for the benefit of another party (creditor) or refrain therefrom, and the creditor has the right to demand from the debtor the performance of his duty.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.2. Grounds for arising of obligations\n\nObligations shall arise from transactions or from any other legal facts which produce obligatory relationships under the effective laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.3. Subject matter of an obligation\n\n\n1. The subject matter of an obligation may be any actions (acts or omissions) that are neither forbidden by law nor contrary to public order or good morals.\n\n\n2. The subject matter of an obligation may also relate to any property, even future property, provided that the property is determinate as to the kind or quantity or can be determined according to other criteria.\n\n\n3. The subject matter of an obligation may have a monetary or non-monetary expression; it must nevertheless meet the requirements set for the subject matter of an obligation.\n\n\n4. The subject matter of an obligation may not be something that is impossible to perform."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.4. Duties of parties to an obligation\n\nThe creditor and the debtor must conduct themselves in good faith, reasonably and justifiably both at the time of the creation and existence of the obligation and at the time of its performance or extinguishment.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\nTYPES OF OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nPLURALITY OF DEBTORS AND CREDITORS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.5. Plurality of debtors\n\nWhere an obligation is solidary between two or more persons on the side of the debtor (co-debtors), each of them must perform the obligation in equal shares (partial obligation), except in cases provided for by law or an agreement between the parties."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.6. Solidary duty of debtors"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A solidary obligation of debtors shall not be presumed, except in the cases established by laws. It shall arise only where it is expressly imposed by the law or stipulated by agreement between the parties, also in the cases when the subject matter of the obligation is indivisible.\n\n\n2. An obligation may be solidary even though the obligation of one of the debtors according to the conditions of its performance differs from the obligation of the others, for example, where one debtor is allowed a time limit and the other debtor is not granted such a time limit, or where the obligation of one debtor is not conditional while the other debtor is bound conditionally, etc.\n\n\n3. Solidarity between debtors shall be presumed where an obligation is connected with providing of services, effectuating joint activity, or with the compensation for damage caused to another through the joint actions of several persons.\n\n\n4. If the debtors are solidarily liable, the creditor shall have the right to demand performance both from all the debtors jointly or from several of them, or from a single debtor personally, either for the whole or a part of the debt.\n\n\n5. A creditor to whom a solidary obligation has not been performed in full by one of the co-debtors shall have the right to demand performance of the remaining part of the obligation by any one of the debtors, or by all of them jointly.\n\n\n6."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "right to demand performance of the remaining part of the obligation by any one of the debtors, or by all of them jointly.\n\n\n6. Co-debtors shall remain obligated until the obligation is performed in full.\n\n\n7. Full performance of a solidary obligation by one of the debtors shall relieve the others towards the creditor.\n\n\n8. A creditor who receives separately and without any reserve the share of one of the co-debtors, and specifies in the acquitance paper that it applies only to that share, shall thereby renounce solidarity in favour of that debtor alone."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b6653c49-3a34-48af-8d66-1a746fcde7b8
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.7. Defences of co-debtors against claims of a creditor\n\nIn the event of a solidary duty, any of the co-debtors may use against the creditor\u2019s claim both the defences common to all debtors and personal defences. However, the debtor shall have no right to set up defences against the creditor\u2019s claim based on such legal relationships between other co-debtors which do not involve the debtor concerned, nor shall the debtor be entitled to set up defences which can be used only personally by one or several other co-debtors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b719b791-5d4a-4156-9dd8-3be8f1412243
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.8. Other rights and duties of co-debtors\n\n\n1. Each of the debtors of a solidary obligation shall have the right to accept renunciation of the right to claim granted by the creditor to him and other debtors where such renunciation applies to all the co-debtors.\n\n\n2. Adjournment of performance of an obligation granted by the creditor to one of the co-debtors shall respectively apply to all other co-debtors to the extent that this corresponds to the intentions of the creditor.\n\n\n3. Where a creditor renounces solidarity in favour of one of the co-debtors, he shall retain his solidary remedy against the other co-debtors for the whole debt.\n\n\n4. Any loss arising from insolvency of a co-debtor shall be equally divided between the other co-debtors, except in the cases when their shares in the obligation are not equal."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.9. Recourse between co-debtors"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A co-debtor who has performed the solidary obligation shall have the right to recover within the procedure of recourse from his co-debtors their respective shares that correspond to the equal portions from the performed obligation, with his participatory share deducted unless otherwise provided for by law or an agreement. Any loss, expressed in anything unpaid to the debtor who has performed the solidary obligation, arising from the insolvency of one of co-debtors shall fall in equal participatory shares on the remaining co-debtors, except in the cases when their shares in the obligation are not equal.\n\n\n2. Where a solidary obligation is of non-monetary nature, in the case of recourse, the other co-debtors shall pay monetary compensation to the debtor who has performed the whole solidary obligation.\n\n\n3. The rules provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall also apply to the apportionment between the co-debtors of the expenses of performance of a solidary obligation.\n\n\n4. A co-debtor against whom a claim was brought may invoke the same defences that might have been set up against the creditor at the time of arising of the claim, as well as other defences, except those which are based on exceptionally personal relationships between the co-debtor and the other co-debtor who has not filed a counter claim.\n\n\n5. Where the obligation was contracted exclusively in the interest"}


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topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "and the other co-debtor who has not filed a counter claim.\n\n\n5. Where the obligation was contracted exclusively in the interest of one of the co-debtors, or where it is not performed due to the fault of one of the debtors alone, the debtor concerned shall be liable for the whole debt to the other co-debtors, who shall then be considered in his regard as his sureties."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 11916e28-253a-4ca0-9f32-6a23ee33916f
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.10. Divisibility of a solidary duty and a solidary claim between the heirs of the parties to an obligation\n\n\n1. Unless otherwise provided for by law or contract, the solidary obligation of a debtor shall be divided after his death between his heirs in accordance with the rules established in Book Five of this Code, except in the instances where the obligation is indivisible.\n\n\n2. The provision established in paragraph 1 of this Article shall also apply in the case where the creditor\u2019s claim is solidary.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.11. Influence of a novation upon a solidary duty\n\nA novation between the creditor and one of the co-debtors shall discharge the other co-debtors towards the creditor from the performance of a solidary duty, except in cases established by law or contract. Where a novation is clearly related only with the share of one of the co-debtors, the other co-debtors shall be released from the performance of the duty only in respect of the share of that co-debtor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 7eb02b4d-3993-41c2-af8a-98a26765cbd0
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.12. Acknowledgement of a solidary debt and the right of a solidary claim\n\n\n1. Where a debt is acknowledged by one of the co-debtors, this acknowledgement shall also apply to all other co-debtors.\n\n\n2. Where the right of claim is acknowledged to one of the creditors with the right of a solidary claim, this acknowledgement shall also apply to all other co-creditors.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.13. Merger of a debtor and a creditor\n\n\n1. Where an obligation is solidary and the qualities of a co-debtor and a creditor are combined in the same person, the obligation of the other solidary debtors shall be extinguished in respect to the share of that co-debtor.\n\n\n2. The rule established in paragraph 1 of this Article shall also apply in the cases of the right of a solidary claim."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 1dd71d61-6b64-4c48-b3f1-a45639701588
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.14. Power of a court judgment in the case of a solidary duty\n\n\n1. A court judgment rendered in the case of dispute between the creditor and one of the solidary debtors shall also have effect against the other co-debtors.\n\n\n2. The other co-debtors may invoke the judgment referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article as a defence against the claim of the creditor unless such judgment is based on exclusively personal relationships between that debtor alone and the creditor.\n\n\n3. An action instituted against one of the solidary debtors shall not deprive the creditor of the right to bring an action against the other co-debtors, but the debtor sued shall have the right to demand the impleader of the other solidary debtors."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.15. Non-performance of an obligation in the case of a solidary duty through the fault of one of the co-debtors\n\n\n1. Where the performance of an obligation has become impossible through the fault of one of the solidary debtors, the other co-debtors shall not be released from liability for non-performance of the solidary obligation.\n\n\n2. Where the performance of an obligation in kind has become impossible, or the time limit of its performance is forfeited through the fault of one or more of the solidary debtors, the other co-debtors shall not be released from their duty to compensate for damages to the creditor, though they shall not be liable for any additional damages which may be incurred by him. The creditor may claim additional damages only from those co-debtors through whose fault the obligation became impossible to be performed, or through whose fault the forfeiture of performance occurred."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.16. Prescription of a solidary obligation\n\n\n1. Actions by which prescription is interrupted with regard to the relationships between the creditor and one of the solidary debtors shall be equally effective in regard to the relationships between the creditor and other co-debtors. The same rule shall apply in the event of the right of a solidary claim between creditors.\n\n\n2. Suspension of prescription with regard to one of the solidary debtors shall have no effect on the other co-debtors. The same rule shall apply in the case of a right of solidary claim between creditors. However, the debtor who has been required to perform the obligation shall have the right of recourse against the co-debtors who were discharged by prescription.\n\n\n3. A refusal to demand the application of prescription made by one of the solidary debtors shall have no effect with regard to the other co-debtors. Where such refusal is made only in favour of one of the solidary creditors, it shall also benefit the other co-creditors. A solidary debtor who has refused to demand the application of prescription shall have no right of recourse against the other co-debtors discharged by the extinct prescription."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.17. Solidarity among creditors\n\nWhere an obligation is solidary between two or more persons on the side of the creditor, each creditor shall be entitled to demand the performance of an equal share, except in the cases provided for by law or an agreement between the parties.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.18. Solidary claim of creditors\n\n\n1. Solidarity between creditors may be established by law or an agreement between the parties, i.e. it shall entitle each of the creditors to claim from the debtor for the whole performance of the obligation or a part thereof. The claim shall also be deemed to be solidary where the subject matter of the obligation is indivisible.\n\n\n2. The debtor shall have no right to set up defences against the claim of one of the co-creditors that are based on such personal legal relationships of the debtor in which the creditor concerned does not participate.\n\n\n3. Performance of the whole duty in favour of one of the solidary creditors shall release the debtor from the performance towards the other creditors.\n\n\n4. A solidary creditor who has received the whole performance of the obligation from the debtor must compensate the other co-creditors for their respective shares unless otherwise determined by the relationship between them."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: cf1ffc8c-e980-45aa-b224-f6a87b091d4b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.19. Possibility of choice of creditor for performance\n\nA debtor shall have the option of performing the obligation in favour of any of the solidary creditors, provided that he has not been sued by any of them.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.20. Influence of novation on a solidary claim\n\nThe novation of one of the solidary creditors and a debtor shall apply only to that creditor\u2019s share and may not be used with respect to the other solidary debtors.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.21. Renunciation of the right to a solidary claim\n\n\n1. If the remission from the right to claim is made by one of solidary creditors, it shall release the debtor from performance of a solidary obligation only in respect of the share the performance of which could have been claimed by the remitting creditor.\n\n\n2. The remission provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not release the solidary creditors from the settlements between themselves."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.22. Power of a court judgment in the case of a solidary claim\n\n\n1. A judgment rendered in the dispute between one of the solidary creditors and the debtor shall have effect against the other solidary creditors.\n\n\n2. The other creditors may avail themselves of the court judgment against the debtor to the extent that it is related to the debtor\u2019s defences he can set up against each of the solidary creditors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.23. Renunciation of a claim\n\n\n1. A creditor who renounces a claim in favour of one of the co-debtors shall retain his right of solidary claim against the other co-debtors.\n\n\n2. The solidary claim of the creditor in respect of one of the co-debtors shall terminate if the creditor:\n\n\n1) acknowledges without any exceptions that one of the co-debtors has paid his share;\n\n\n2) has filed an action against the debtor for the recovery of that debtor\u2019s share, and the latter has assented to such action, or if a court judgment satisfying the creditor\u2019s claim has been passed.\n\n\n3. Where a creditor has renounced a solidary claim in respect of one of the co-debtors, and one of the other co-debtors has become insolvent, the share of such insolvent co-debtor shall be divided between all the solidary debtors, except for the share of the co-debtor in whose favour the renunciation of a solidary claim has been made.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nDIVISIBLE AND INDIVISIBLE OBLIGATIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nDIVISIBLE AND INDIVISIBLE OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.24. Divisible obligations\n\n\n1. An obligation shall be divisible unless it is expressly stipulated by law that it is indivisible, or unless the subject matter of the obligation, owing to its nature, is not susceptible to division either materially or abstractly.\n\n\n2. Where an obligation is divisible, and where there is more than one debtor or more than one creditor though the obligation is not solidary, each of the creditors may claim the performance only of his share of the debt, while each debtor shall be bound to perform only his share of the debt.\n\n\n3. The heir of the debtor who has been charged with rendering the performance, or who is in possession of the property as a subject matter of the obligation, shall have no right to claim for division of performance of the obligation.\n\n\n4. An obligation of one debtor to one creditor may be performed between them only as an indivisible one, though this obligation shall become divisible between the heirs of the parties to the obligation, except where it is indivisible."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.25. Indivisible obligations\n\n\n1. An obligation shall be indivisible if the subject matter of the obligation, owing to its nature, is not susceptible to division, or if the parties have agreed on such mode of performance which renders the obligation impossible to be performed in shares.\n\n\n2. Indivisibility of an obligation shall imply that it is not susceptible to division either between the creditors, or the debtors, or between their heirs.\n\n\n3. A stipulation on solidarity of an obligation made by the parties thereof shall not render it indivisible.\n\n\n4. Each of the debtors of an indivisible obligation or his heir may separately be obligated to perform the whole obligation, and each of the creditors of an indivisible obligation or his heir may claim the performance of the whole obligation even though the obligation is not solidary.\n\n\n5. Where an heir of the creditor claims satisfaction of the whole performance, he must secure the protection of the interests of co-heirs.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nALTERNATIVE OBLIGATIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION THREE\n\nALTERNATIVE OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.26. Concept of an alternative obligation\n\n\n1. An obligation shall be alternative where the debtor is charged with performance of one of two or more different actions (principal prestations) at his own choice or chosen by the creditor or a third person. The performance of either of the chosen prestations shall fully discharge the debtor.\n\n\n2. The debtor may not demand the creditor to accept a part of the performance in one prestation and the other part in another.\n\n\n3. An obligation shall not be considered alternative where at the time of its arising one of the two possible prestations could not have been the subject matter of that obligation.\n\n\n4. In the event where a person who has the right of choice chooses a concrete action of performance (prestation), an alternative obligation shall become simple."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.27. Right of choice"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. In an alternative obligation, the choice of the prestation shall belong to the debtor unless it has been granted to the creditor or a third person by law, a contract or a court judgment.\n\n\n2. A choice shall become irrevocable from the moment of performance of one chosen prestation, or when the choice is communicated to the other party, or to both parties in the event where the choice belongs to a third person.\n\n\n3. Where the right of choice belongs to one of the parties to the obligation and this party fails to exercise it within the prescribed time limit, the right of choice shall pass to the other party to the obligation. The right of choice may not pass to the creditor until he acquires the right to claim for performance, and to the debtor until his duty to perform the obligation arises. Where the choice of a concrete prestation is referred to a third person and he fails to exercise it, it shall be determined by the court.\n\n\n4. The time limit for exercising the right of choice may be established by agreement between the parties. Where such time limit is not established, it may be fixed by the party who is not granted the right of choice. Such time limit must be reasonable.\n\n\n5. Where the right to claim has been pledged and the impossibility of performing an obligation is caused by the failure to choose a concrete action of performance, the pledgee may establish a time limit for both parties to the obligation within which the"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "is caused by the failure to choose a concrete action of performance, the pledgee may establish a time limit for both parties to the obligation within which the choice of a concrete prestation must be made. Where the choice of a concrete prestation is not made within the established time limit, the right of choice shall pass to the pledgee."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.28. Impossibility of performance of an alternative obligation"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. In the event of one of the several prestations being impossible to perform from the very arising of the obligation, or it becoming such after the arising of the obligation, the obligation shall be performed by the acceptance of the remaining prestation.\n\n\n2. The rule established in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply if one of the prestations becomes impossible to perform due to the circumstances for which the responsibility is borne by the party without the right of choice of performance. In this event, the debtor shall be liable for the non-performance of the obligation.\n\n\n3. Where the debtor had the right of choice and one of the several prestations became impossible to perform not through his fault, the debtor must perform the obligation in the remaining prestation.\n\n\n4. Where the debtor had the right of choice and all of the prestations become impossible to perform due to his own fault, the debtor shall be liable to the creditor to the extent of the last prestation remaining.\n\n\n5. Where all the prestations become impossible to perform through no fault of the debtor, the obligation shall be deemed to be extinguished.\n\n\n6. Where the creditor is granted the right of choice, and if one of the prestations becomes impossible to perform, the creditor must accept performance in other prestations. Where one of the prestations becomes impossible to perform due to the fault of the debtor, the creditor may claim performance in kind by choosing other prestations, or claim compensation"}


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topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "prestations becomes impossible to perform due to the fault of the debtor, the creditor may claim performance in kind by choosing other prestations, or claim compensation for damage resulting from the non-performance of the obligation by the prestation that has become impossible to perform. Where the obligation is impossible to perform in any of the several prestations due to the fault of the debtor, the creditor shall have the right at his choice to claim compensation for the damages resulting from the impossibility of performance of one or another of the prestations."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.29. Facultative obligation\n\n\n1. A facultative obligation shall be an obligation which has only one principal subject matter (prestation), though in the event of the obligation being impossible to perform in the principal prestation, it may be performed in another prestation that does not contradict the principal one.\n\n\n2. The debtor shall be discharged from performing the obligation if the principal prestation, through no fault on his part, becomes impossible to perform, and the obligation cannot be performed in another prestation that does not contradict the principal one.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nCONDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FOUR\n\nCONDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.30. Concept of a conditional obligation\n\n\n1. An obligation shall be conditional where its arising, modification or extinction is made dependent on whether or not a certain circumstance occurs in the future.\n\n\n2. The conditional nature of an obligation shall not prevent the rights that arise from it being alienable and inheritable.\n\n\n3. Conditional obligations may be with a suspensive term or a resolutory term. In such case, Article 1.66 of this Code shall apply.\n\n\n4. An obligation shall not be deemed to be conditional if its extinction depends on an event that, unknown to the parties, had already occurred at the time when the debtor accepted the conditional obligation.\n\n\n5. The obligation whose arising depends upon a condition that is at the absolute discretion of the debtor shall be null and void. However, if the condition consists of exercising or not exercising appropriate actions, the obligation shall be valid even where the exercising or not exercising the action is at the sole discretion of the debtor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.31. Requirements for a condition\n\n\n1. A condition must be lawful and not contrary to the public order and good morals.\n\n\n2. A condition may only be such circumstance, the existence or non-existence of which is possible.\n\n\n3. A condition which is unlawful, contrary to the public order or good morals, or which is impossible shall be null and void, and shall render the obligation which depends upon it null and void.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.32. Time limits for fulfilment or non-fulfilment of a condition\n\n\n1. In the event where no time limit has been established for the fulfilment of a condition, the condition may be fulfilled at any time. Where it becomes certain that the condition may not be fulfilled at all, it shall be deemed to be not fulfilled.\n\n\n2. Where the arising, modification or extinction of an obligation is dependent upon a condition that certain circumstances will not occur within a given time, the condition shall be considered having occurred once the determined time has elapsed without the certain circumstance having occurred, also when, before the elapse of the time, it becomes certain that the circumstance will not occur altogether.\n\n\n3. Where no time limit has been fixed, the condition shall not be considered fulfilled until it becomes certain that the circumstance will not occur.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FIVE\n\nOBLIGATIONS WITH A TERM"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FIVE\n\nOBLIGATIONS WITH A TERM\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.33. Types of obligations with a term\n\n\n1. Obligations may be with a suspensive or a resolutory term.\n\n\n2. An obligation with a suspensive term shall be an existing obligation that is not performed until the expiry of a certain time limit, or until the occurrence of a certain circumstance. In this event, its performance may not be demanded before the expiry of the term; however, anything performed freely and without error before the expiry of the term may not be recovered.\n\n\n3. An obligation with a resolutory term shall be an obligation whose duration is fixed by laws or agreements between the parties and which is extinguished by the expiry of the fixed term.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.34. Fulfilment of obligations with a term\n\n\n1. In the event of non-occurrence of a circumstance in the case of an obligation with a suspensive term, the obligation shall become exigible from the day on which that circumstance should normally have occurred.\n\n\n2. Anything that is due upon a term may not be exacted before the term expires. However, everything performed freely and without error before the expiry of the term may not be recovered."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.35. Determination of a term"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A term may be determined by laws, agreement between the parties or a court judgment.\n\n\n2. Where the parties have agreed to postpone the determination of the term, or to delegate it to be determined by one of the parties, but no term has been determined, the term shall be determined by the court upon the application of one of the parties, taking into account the nature of the obligation and the circumstances of the case. In urgent cases, the term may be determined by one of the parties. In any event, the term must be reasonable.\n\n\n3. Where a fixed term is required by the nature of the obligation, and it has not been determined by the parties, the term may be fixed by the court.\n\n\n4. It shall be presumed that a term is determined for the benefit of the debtor unless otherwise established by laws or the contract, also where, taking into consideration the essence and nature of the obligation, it becomes clear that the term has been determined for the benefit of the creditor, or both parties to the obligation. The debtor shall lose his privileges in respect of the term if he becomes insolvent, is declared bankrupt or without the consent of the creditor reduces or destroys the security of performance of the obligation submitted, also if the debtor fails to meet the conditions in consideration of which the privileges were granted to him.\n\n\n5. The party for whose benefit the term has been determined shall have the right to renounce it without the consent of"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "granted to him.\n\n\n5. The party for whose benefit the term has been determined shall have the right to renounce it without the consent of the other party. Renunciation of the benefit of the term shall render the obligation exigible immediately.\n\n\n6. When one of the parties to the obligation renounces the benefit of the term, or loses the right to the benefit of the term, the other party shall acquire the right to demand immediate performance of the obligation."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION SIX\n\nMONETARY OBLIGATIONS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.36. Currency of monetary obligations"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Monetary obligations (debts) must be expressed and paid in the currency which in accordance with the valid laws is legal tender in the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. Monetary obligations may be paid in accordance with the procedure established by law by means of banknotes/coins, cheques, bills of exchange, transfer of funds, credit cards or by any other legal tender.\n\n\n3. Where an action is brought in the Republic of Lithuania for the recovery of a sum of money expressed in a foreign currency, the creditor may at his choice demand payment in the foreign currency, or the equivalent in the national currency of the Republic of Lithuania at the rate of exchange on the day of the actual payment.\n\n\n4. Where the monetary obligation is expressed in a currency which is not legal tender, the money paid by the debtor to perform the obligation must be legal tender and correspond to the rate of exchange of the currency valid at the time and in the place of actual payment.\n\n\n5. Where the debtor exceeds the time limit fixed for the fulfilment of the obligation and fails to pay on the day of maturity, and where after the day concerned the currency in which the sum of money is due depreciates because of the change in exchange rates, the debtor must pay an additional amount equivalent to the difference between the rate of exchange at the date of maturity and the date of actual payment. This rule shall not apply where the failure of the debtor to perform the obligation is conditioned"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "exchange at the date of maturity and the date of actual payment. This rule shall not apply where the failure of the debtor to perform the obligation is conditioned by the fault of the creditor. The debtor shall bear the burden of proof of the circumstance indicated above.\n\n\n6. The provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article shall not apply where the rule established in paragraph 1 of this Article has been violated."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.37. Interest on monetary obligations\n\n\n1. Interest on obligations may be fixed by law or agreements between the parties.\n\n\n2. The debtor must also pay a certain interest established by law on the sum adjudged to the creditor for the period from the moment of the commencement of the case in the court until the final execution of the judgment.\n\n\n3. Where the interest is established by law, the parties may agree in writing upon a higher interest providing that such agreement is not contrary to law or the principles of good faith and reasonableness. Non-observance of the written form shall be the grounds for the application of the interest established by law.\n\n\n4. No interest shall be calculated on the interest calculated previously (double interest), except in the cases established by law or agreement between the parties where such agreement is not contrary to the requirements of good faith, reasonableness and justice.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nPERFORMANCE OF OBLIGATIONS AND LEGAL EFFECTS OF THEIR NON-PERFORMANCE\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.38. Principles of performance of obligations\n\n\n1. Obligations must be performed in good faith, properly and within the set time limits, pursuant to the requirements indicated in laws or the contract, and in the absence of such requirements, obligations must be performed in accordance with the criteria of reasonableness.\n\n\n2. In the event where the performance of an obligation is inherent in the exercise of professional activity of one of the parties, the requirements with respect to the nature of that professional activity must also be observed by the party concerned.\n\n\n3. Each of the parties must perform its obligations in the most cost-effective manner possible and render every kind of assistance to the other party in performing its obligations (duty of the parties to cooperate).\n\n\n4. If the debtor uses assistance of other persons in performance of the obligation, he shall be liable for the actions of those persons as for his own."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.39. Manner of performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. The debtor shall have no right, without the consent of the creditor, to perform the obligation in a manner other than that provided for in the contract or laws, irrespective of the value of the manner of performance.\n\n\n2. Where the creditor has consented to accept performance of the obligation in another manner, the obligation shall be deemed to have been fulfilled.\n\n\n3. The counter-duties of the debtor and creditor must be performed by them concurrently unless otherwise provided for by laws, the contract, or the essence of the obligation.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.40. Partial performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. The creditor shall have the right to refuse accepting partial performance of an obligation unless otherwise provided for by laws or the contract.\n\n\n2. If the creditor disputes a part of the obligation, he must accept the performance of that part of the obligation which is not disputed. However, the creditor shall reserve the right to demand performance of the remaining part of the obligation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.41. Quality of performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. When the subject matter of an obligation is a thing specified only as to the kind, the debtor must deliver a thing of the same kind, but not below the average in quality required for the kind concerned, unless otherwise provided for by laws or a contract.\n\n\n2. When the subject matter of an obligation is an individually specified thing, the debtor shall be liable for any worsening of the quality of that thing if such worsening occurs through his own fault.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.42. Provision of security for performance of an obligation\n\nAny person bound to provide security for performance of an obligation, which is not specified by the contract as to the manner or form, shall have the right at his own discretion to choose concrete means of security adequate to the essence of the obligation or a form of security established by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.43. Duty to safeguard\n\nAn obligation to deliver an individually specified thing shall include the duty to safeguard it until delivery unless otherwise provided for in the contract."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.44. Person to whom the performance must be made\n\n\n1. The obligation must be performed to the creditor or to his representative, or to the person designated by the creditor, or to the person obliged by laws or the court to accept such performance.\n\n\n2. Performance of an obligation made to a person not entitled to accept it shall be deemed to be a proper performance if the creditor ratifies it or actually obtains the full performance from the person concerned.\n\n\n3. Performance of an obligation shall not be deemed to be carried out in a proper way if the debtor, in the course of its effectuation in respect of one of his creditors, infringes the interests of his other creditor who is granted the right to demand the arrest of the property of the debtor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.45. Performance of an obligation to an erroneous creditor\n\n\n1. The debtor who performs an obligation to a person who, through the fault of the creditor, is reasonably and in good faith deemed to be entitled to receive the performance shall be discharged from the performance of the obligation to the creditor if he proves to have erred in good faith.\n\n\n2. The erroneous creditor, who has accepted performance, must restore it to the true creditor or to the debtor in accordance with the rules of Chapter XX of this Book."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.46. Suspension of performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. The debtor shall have the right to suspend performance of an obligation upon substantial and reasonable grounds for doubt whether the person to whom the obligation is to be performed has the right to accept this performance, and if the latter, upon the demand of the debtor, fails to present the necessary proof of his right to claim.\n\n\n2. The debtor shall also have the right to suspend performance of an obligation if the creditor fails to perform his counter-obligation and where the counter-obligations of the debtor and the creditor are connected in such a way as to justify the suspension of the performance of the obligation.\n\n\n3. The debtor shall have no right to suspend the performance of an obligation where the creditor cannot perform his obligation through the fault of the debtor himself, likewise when the creditor cannot perform his obligation due to circumstances beyond his control.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.47. Performance of an obligation to a legally incapable creditor or to a creditor who had no right to accept the performance personally\n\n\n1. The performance of an obligation to a creditor who is legally incapable in that area shall be deemed to be a proper performance only to the extent that the debtor proves that such performance was in fact in the interests of the creditor who was legally incapable in that area and was carried out for his benefit."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where the obligation is performed without considering that the creditor due to certain reasons (arrest, etc.) was unable to accept the performance personally, the debtor must perform such obligation anew and shall have the right of recourse against the creditor to demand the return of what has already been transferred.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.48. Limitation of the debtor\u2019s legal capacity\n\nIf the obligation has been fulfilled by the debtor who is legally incapable in that area or has limited legal capacity in that area, this may not be challenged on the basis of the incapacity of the debtor in that area or his limited legal capacity in that area.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.49. Performance made with the property of another\u2019s\n\n\n1. The debtor may not dispute performance of an obligation made by the transfer of property he had no right to dispose of, except in the cases when he himself offers to make performance by a transfer of property he has the right to dispose of, and if such change of prestation does not violate the interests of the creditor.\n\n\n2. The creditor to whom the property of another\u2019s has been transferred by the debtor in performance of an obligation shall have the right to dispute such performance and claim damages."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.50. Right of a third person to perform an obligation\n\n\n1. An obligation may be performed in part or in full by a third person, except in the cases when pursuant to the agreement of the parties, or the essence of the obligation, it must be performed by the debtor personally.\n\n\n2. The creditor may refuse acceptance of the performance offered by a third person if the debtor has notified him of his objection to such performance, except in the case established in paragraph 1 of Article 6.51 of this Code.\n\n\n3. The third person who has performed the obligation shall acquire the rights of a creditor in respect to the debtor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.51. Right of a third person to perform an obligation for the debtor\n\n\n1. Where the execution against the property of the debtor has been levied by the creditor, the claim of the creditor may be satisfied by third persons who by the reason of such execution may be deprived of certain rights to that property. The same right shall belong to the person who possesses the property if by the reason of execution the right of possession may be lost by him. The third person who has performed the obligation for the debtor shall acquire the right of recourse to claim from the debtor. \n\n\n2. A claim of the creditor may also be satisfied by depositing the money into the deposit account of a notary, a bank or any other credit institution, or by setting-off counter claims."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.52. Place of performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. An obligation must be performed at the place expressly indicated in the contract or laws, or inferred from the essence of the obligation.\n\n\n2. In the event where no place of performance is indicated, the following rules shall apply:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the obligation to deliver an individually specified thing must be performed at the place where the thing was located when the obligation arose;\n\n\n2) the obligation to deliver an immovable thing must be performed at the place where the thing is located;\n\n\n3) the obligation to deliver a thing specified as to the kind must be performed at the place of residence or business of the debtor;\n\n\n4) a monetary obligation must be performed at the place of residence or business of the creditor at the time of maturity of the obligation. In the event of change of the creditor\u2019s place of residence or business from the time of arising of the obligation, which has caused additional expenses of performance to the debtor, the creditor must compensate the debtor for such additional expenses. Upon the request of the creditor, a monetary obligation may also be performed in the territory of another state where the place of residence or business of the creditor is located at the time of payment, or the state where the creditor\u2019s place of residence was at the time when the obligation arose. However, where the required performance would be rendered substantially more onerous in the consequence, the debtor may refuse to satisfy such requirement of the creditor and execute performance in the place of the creditor\u2019s residence or business at the time when the obligation arose;\n\n\n5) all other obligations must be performed in the place of the debtor\u2019s residence or business at the time of maturity of the time limit for the performance"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "all other obligations must be performed in the place of the debtor\u2019s residence or business at the time of maturity of the time limit for the performance of the obligation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.53. Time limit for performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. If the time limit for the performance of an obligation is not established, or it is determined by the moment of demand to perform the obligation, the creditor shall have the right to demand it at any time, and the debtor shall have the right to perform the obligation at any time. However, where a certain time limit is necessitated by the nature of the obligation, or the manner or place of its performance, it may be fixed by the court upon the demand of one of the parties.\n\n\n2. The obligation whose time limit for performance is not determined must be performed by the debtor within seven days from the day on which the creditor requested performance unless a different time limit for performance results from laws or the essence of the contract. In such cases, the time limit for performance must be reasonable and enable the debtor to perform the obligation properly.\n\n\n3. The debtor shall have the right to perform the obligation before the expiry of the time limit determined for its performance unless this is prohibited by laws, the contract, or is contrary to the essence of the obligation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.54. Imputation of payments\n\n\n1. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, payments received by the creditor in result of performance of an obligation shall be imputed first to the creditor\u2019s expenses related to the filing of a claim to perform the obligation.\n\n\n2. Second in line payments shall be imputed to interests in accordance with the sequence of their maturity.\n\n\n3. Third in line payments shall be imputed to penalties.\n\n\n4. Fourth in line payments shall be imputed to the performance of the principal obligation.\n\n\n5. The creditor shall have the right to reject an offer to pay if the debtor indicates a different order of imputation than established in paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this Article.\n\n\n6. The creditor may reject full repayment of the principle obligation if the current interest at maturity is not paid at the same time."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.55. Imputation of payments in the event of several debts"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A debtor who owes several debts of the same kind to the same creditor may declare at the time of payment which debt he is repaying.  However, the debtor shall have no right without the consent of the creditor to impute a payment to an obligation not yet due in preference to a debt at maturity.\n\n\n2. In the absence of such declaration of the debtor, or a different agreement between the parties, it shall be considered that the payment is imputed first to the debt at maturity. In the event of several debts at maturity, where none of them is secured, it shall be considered that the payment is imputed to the debt that was the first to reach maturity. Where several debts are due, it shall be considered that the payment is imputed to the one having the security. Among several secured debts, it shall be considered that the payment is imputed first to the debt which is most burdensome to the debtor, and in the event of all the debts being equally burdensome, to the one that was the first to reach maturity. In the instances where none of these criteria may be applied, imputation shall be made in proportion to all the debts.\n\n\n3. The rules of this Article shall also apply when the debtor\u2019s obligation to the creditor consists of the supply of goods or services, to the extent that this does not contradict the essence of the obligation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.56. Performance of an obligation by payment to a deposit account\n\n\n1. The debtor shall have the right to perform a monetary obligation by depositing the debt into the deposit account of a notary, a bank or any other credit institution if:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the creditor or any other person authorised to accept the performance cannot be found at the place where the obligation is to be performed;\n\n\n2) the creditor is legally incapable in this area and has no guardian appointed for him; \n\n\n3) the creditor avoids accepting the performance of the obligation;\n\n\n4) the creditor is not clear, as the right to accept the performance is being disputed by several persons;\n\n\n5) the creditor is of limited legal capacity in this area and has no curator appointed for him.\n\n\n2. A deposit of the sum necessary for the performance of an obligation into a deposit account indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be considered a proper performance of the obligation.\n\n\n3. A notary, a bank or any other credit institution, into whose account the money has been deposited, must within a reasonable time inform the creditor accordingly.\n\n\n4. Where the subject matter of an obligation is a thing, and the creditor refuses to accept performance, the debtor must make a tender and determine the time limit for the acceptance of performance. In the case of the creditor\u2019s failure to accept performance of the obligation within the established time limit, he shall be considered to be in breach of the obligation. In this event, the creditor shall bear the costs of the preservation of the thing. The creditor shall also bear the risk of accidental loss or deterioration of a thing. If a thing is perishable, the debtor may realise it"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "thing. The creditor shall also bear the risk of accidental loss or deterioration of a thing. If a thing is perishable, the debtor may realise it and deposit the proceeds. These rules shall also apply within the conditions specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, with the exception of a tender.\n\n\n5. Performance of an obligation in accordance with the rules provided for in this Article shall release the debtor from the payment of interest or any other dues in the future.\n\n\n6. Interest or any other sums calculated from the day of deposit shall be due to the creditor. However, if the deposit is made to obtain performance of the obligation of the creditor that is correlative to the obligation the debtor intends to perform by the deposit, the interest and other sums received shall belong to the debtor until the deposit is accepted by the creditor.\n\n\n7. The deposited sums of money may be withdrawn by the debtor as long as the performance has not been accepted by the creditor.  If the debtor withdraws the deposited sums from the deposit account, he shall not be considered to have performed the obligation. Where the deposit of a sum of money is made during judicial proceedings, the debtor may withdraw such deposited sum only upon the authorisation of the court. In addition, the withdrawal may not be effectuated by the debtor if this would impair the rights of third persons, or the interests of solidary debtors or sureties.\n\n\n8. In the event of bankruptcy, monetary funds accumulated in"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "third persons, or the interests of solidary debtors or sureties.\n\n\n8. In the event of bankruptcy, monetary funds accumulated in the deposit account shall not be calculated into the assets of the bank or of any other credit institution from which the claims of the creditors are satisfied under the procedure of bankruptcy."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.57. Expenses of performance of an obligation\n\nThe expenses related with the performance of an obligation shall be charged to the debtor unless otherwise provided for by laws or a contract."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.58. Right to suspend performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. Where the contractual obligation is counter-performed, and the party who is the first to make actions of performance fails to perform its obligation, or where it is evident that the party will delay the performance of the obligation, the other party shall have the right to suspend the performance of its counter-obligation, or refuse to perform it altogether, inform of this the other party, and claim damages.\n\n\n2. The party to the obligation shall have no right to suspend performance where:"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the other party produces adequate security of performance of its obligation and this will not unduly delay performance of the obligation;\n\n\n2) performance of the obligation of the other party is impossible for the reasons beyond the control thereof;\n\n\n3) performance of the obligation of the other party is prevented by the fault of the opposite party.\n\n\n3. In the event of a contractual obligation being not performed in full by one of its parties, the other party shall have the right to suspend the counter-performance of its obligation, or to refuse performance to the degree correspondent to that non-performed by the party obliged to perform it first.\n\n\n4. Where a party performs its counter-obligation before the party who is to perform first, the latter shall be bound to perform its obligation.\n\n\n5. The right to suspend performance of a bilateral obligation shall be extinguished when the other party to the obligation presents adequate security for the performance of its obligation.\n\n\n6. The right to suspend performance of an obligation may also be invoked against the creditors of the other party to the obligation.\n\n\n7. The right to suspend performance of an obligation must be exercised by the parties in good faith and reasonably."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nLEGAL EFFECTS OF NON-PERFORMANCE OF AN OBLIGATION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.59. Prohibition of unilateral refusal to perform an obligation\n\nUnilateral refusal to perform an obligation or unilateral modification of the conditions of performance of an obligation shall be prohibited, except in the cases provided for by law or a contract. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.60. Consequences of non-performance of an obligation to deliver an individually determined thing\n\n\n1. Where a debtor fails to perform the obligation to deliver an individually determined thing to the creditor\u2019s ownership or possession thereof by the right of trust or use, the creditor shall have the right to demand that thing to be delivered. This right shall be extinguished upon the thing concerned being delivered to another creditor with the same kind of right. Where the thing has not yet been delivered, the priority to receive it shall belong to the creditor in whose favour the obligation first arose, and in the event where it is impossible to be ascertained, to the creditor who was the first to bring the action. The creditor who is unable to exercise his right to claim performance in kind shall be entitled to claim compensation of damages only.\n\n\n2. In the event where a penalty is foreseen by the contract, the creditor shall have the right at his choice to claim either payment of the penalty, or delivery of the individually determined thing."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.61. Effects of non-performance of an obligation to do certain work\n\n\n1. In the event where a debtor fails to perform an obligation that entails doing certain work, the creditor shall have the right to perform that work himself at the debtor\u2019s expense within a reasonable time and for a reasonable price unless otherwise established by laws or a contract, or he may claim damages. In these instances, the creditor shall have the right to file a suit and demand the debtor to pay in advance the amount necessary for performing the work.\n\n\n2. In the event where a debtor fails to perform an obligation that entails performing certain work or actions which can be performed exclusively by the debtor personally, the court shall, upon the demand of the creditor, exact a fine from the debtor in favour of the creditor. The amount of the fine shall be determined by the court. The fine may be exacted in a lump sum, or payable for every delayed day until the full performance of the obligation by the debtor.\n\n\n3. Paragraph 2 of this Article shall not apply in the instances where the violated rights of the creditor can be defended by other means, likewise where the performance of the obligation was rendered impossible not through the fault of the debtor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.62. Liability for non-performance of an obligation arising from a bilateral contract\n\n\n1. Where the performance of an obligation that arises from a bilateral contract has become impossible due to a circumstance not imputable to any of the parties, while neither laws nor a contract provides otherwise, none of the parties shall be entitled to require the other party to perform the contract. In such case, each party shall have the right to claim restitution in kind without the corresponding counter-performance.\n\n\n2. Where the performance of an obligation that arises from a bilateral contract has become impossible due to a circumstance imputable to one party, while neither laws nor a contract provides otherwise, the other party shall be entitled to revoke the contract and claim restitution in kind (to return everything that was performed), likewise compensation of damages incurred as a result of non-performance.\n\n\n3. Where the performance of an obligation that arises from a bilateral contract has become impossible due to a circumstance imputable to the other party, the first party shall be entitled to demand from the other party performance of the obligation and compensation of damages, including what has been accumulated due to the impossibility to perform the obligation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: f89aa94c-1f74-4764-ab6c-2590c0c518bb
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.63. Cases in which the debtor is considered to be in breach of an obligation\n\n\n1. The debtor shall be considered to be in breach of an obligation where:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the conditions of a contract are not performed, or are being performed improperly; \n\n\n2) the debtor fails to perform the obligation within the established time limit;\n\n\n3) the creditor, whether judicially or extra-judicially, reasonably demands the debtor to perform his obligation;\n\n\n4) the creditor demands performance of the obligation within a reasonable time established by him, but the debtor has failed to perform the obligation within this time limit;\n\n\n5) the debtor informs the creditor before the expiry of the time limit of his intention not to perform the obligation;\n\n\n6) the performance of the obligation has become impossible due to the debtor\u2019s fault.\n\n\n2. From the moment the debtor is considered to be in breach of an obligation, he shall be liable for any damages suffered by the creditor, except in the cases where the debtor is released from the performance of the obligation.\n\n\n3. In the event where the time limit for the performance of an obligation has not been fixed, the debtor shall be considered to be in breach of an obligation from the moment when the creditor made a demand in writing to perform the obligation and fixed the time limit for performance, but the debtor has failed to perform the obligation within that time limit.\n\n\n4. The debtor shall be liable for all the consequences of the impossibility to perform the obligation after it was breached by the debtor, except in cases where the performance of the obligation has been"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 201054ac-99bb-4443-b81a-5c19ab242a9e
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "for all the consequences of the impossibility to perform the obligation after it was breached by the debtor, except in cases where the performance of the obligation has been rendered impossible through the fault of the creditor.\n\n\n5. After the breach of an obligation committed by the debtor, the creditor shall have the right to refuse acceptance of the tender offered by the debtor if the debtor does not concurrently offer compensation of damages sustained by the creditor as a result of the breach of the obligation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 25369e3f-a9d2-41dd-925e-86f2378bc588
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.64. Cases in which the creditor is considered to be in breach of an obligation\n\n\n1. The creditor shall be considered to be in breach of an obligation where:\n\n\n1) the debtor cannot perform the obligation due to insufficient cooperation between the creditor and the debtor, or through any other fault of the creditor;\n\n\n2) the creditor through his own fault fails to perform his duty to the debtor, thus the debtor justifiably suspends performance of the obligation.\n\n\n2. When the creditor is in breach of an obligation, the debtor may file a suit and demand to be released from the performance of the obligation in whole or in part, conditionally or unconditionally.\n\n\n3. If the creditor breaches the obligation, the debtor shall be considered not to have breached it.  The debtor may not be considered to be in breach of the obligation as long as the creditor is considered to have breached it.\n\n\n4. The debtor shall have the right to demand compensation for the damages incurred as a result of the breach of the obligation committed by the creditor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 2bb87d80-c2e8-4ed7-890f-d2216815f891
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.65. Confirmation of performance of an obligation"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d16b9cc9-ea25-41d3-b6c8-12b427d2f568
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Unless otherwise stipulated by the contract, the creditor, upon accepting the performance of an obligation, must issue to the debtor a quittance indicating to what extent, in part or in full, the performance has been made.\n\n\n2. In the event where the creditor has documentary evidence of the debt issued by the debtor, he must, upon accepting the full performance of the obligation, remit this documentary evidence to the debtor or, failing that, inscribe the relevant annotation in the quittance. An inscription in the documentary evidence of the debt about the performance of the obligation shall be equalled to a quittance. If the performance does not cover the entire debt, or the creditor still needs this document for the exercise of his other rights, he shall have the right to retain it, though he must issue a quittance to the debtor.\n\n\n3. If the creditor refuses to issue a quittance, to remit the documentary evidence of the debt, or to inscribe in the quittance annotation about the impossibility to remit that document, the debtor shall have the right to suspend the performance of his obligation until the document confirming the performance of the obligation is issued to him.\n\n\n4. Where several actions must be performed by the debtor successively, a quittance for the two last actions shall create the presumption that the previous actions have also been performed, except in the cases where a contract or a quittance provides for otherwise.\n\n\n5. If"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "presumption that the previous actions have also been performed, except in the cases where a contract or a quittance provides for otherwise.\n\n\n5. If the creditor issues a quittance for the principal sum, it shall be presumed that the interest and other costs have also been paid by the debtor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: f061bf1b-fbf5-49ee-91a3-6cbae334a4b4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER IV\n\nDEFENCE OF THE CREDITOR\u2019S INTERESTS"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: e75fbebd-d67b-4e01-b80e-84540e1a0f5f
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.66. Right of the creditor to dispute transactions made by the debtor (actio Pauliana)"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 5ffb9585-42cb-4884-997e-958bdda0a167
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The creditor shall have the right to challenge transactions made by the debtor, where the debtor was not bound to make them and where they violate the rights of the creditor, while the debtor knew or ought to have known that prejudice to the creditor would result from that transaction (Paulian action). The creditor\u2019s rights shall be considered violated if by such transaction the debtor renders himself insolvent or by which, being insolvent, he grants preference to another creditor, or the rights of the creditor are infringed in any other way.\n\n\n2. A bilateral transaction may be annulled on the ground established in paragraph 1 of this Article only in the case when the third person concluding the transaction with the debtor concerned was in bad faith, i.e. he knew or ought to have known that the transaction violated the rights of the debtor\u2019s creditor.  A gratuitous transaction may be annulled irrespectively of whether the third person is in good or bad faith.\n\n\n3. The creditor shall have the right to bring an action upon the annulment of the transaction on the grounds provided in paragraph 1 of this Article within the limitation period of one year. This time limit shall be calculated from the day on which the creditor became aware or ought to have become aware of the transaction which violated his rights.\n\n\n4. The annulment of the transaction shall have legal effects only in respect of the creditor who brought the action upon the annulment"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 076d4c44-6e9f-48ea-a454-900b4b6ba989
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "The annulment of the transaction shall have legal effects only in respect of the creditor who brought the action upon the annulment of the transaction and only to the extent that is necessary to remove the prejudice experienced by the creditor.\n\n\n5. The annulment of the transaction shall have no effect upon the rights of third persons in good faith to the property which was the object of the annulled transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 6013a3b6-f5df-4e73-b3c8-381ef830863f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.67. Presumption of bad faith\n\nIt shall be presumed that the parties to a transaction by whom interests of the creditor are violated were in bad faith if:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d7c0d063-5021-4797-9a73-18927b33868f
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the debtor has concluded a transaction with his spouse, children, parents or other close relatives; \n\n\n2) the debtor has concluded a transaction with a legal person of which the debtor\u2019s spouse, child, mother/father or any other close relative is the head or a member or participant of the management body who holds, directly or indirectly, by the right of ownership at least 50 per cent of the shares (member shares, contributions, etc.) in the legal person, or all of whom together hold at least 50 per cent of the shares (member shares, contributions, etc.) in that legal person;\n\n\n3) the debtor, who is a legal person, has concluded a transaction with a natural person who is the head or a member of the management body of that legal person, or the spouse, child, mother/father or any other close relative of that person;\n\n\n4) the value of the prestation which had to be performed by the debtor considerably exceeds the prestation presented by the other party to the transaction (disproportion of counter-obligations);\n\n\n5) a transaction has been concluded upon the payment of a debt that has not yet matured;\n\n\n6) the debtor, who is a legal person, has concluded a transaction with a natural person who, either himself or his spouse, children, parents, or any other close relatives, or jointly with them, is the participant of that legal person and holds, directly"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: d3a0c826-0bcc-4fb8-981b-4fb87822c014
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "or his spouse, children, parents, or any other close relatives, or jointly with them, is the participant of that legal person and holds, directly or indirectly, by the right of ownership at least 50 per cent of the shares (member shares, contributions, etc.) in that legal person;\n\n\n7) the debtor, who is a legal person, has concluded a transaction with another legal person which is controlled by the debtor, or if the head or a member of the management body of one of the parties to the transaction is a person who, directly or indirectly, separately or jointly with his spouse, children, parents or close relatives, holds by the right of ownership at least 50 per cent of the shares (member shares, contributions, etc.) in the other legal person or of the shares (member shares, contributions, etc.) in both legal persons;\n\n\n8) the debtor, who is a legal person, has concluded a transaction with an association of legal persons or with any other corporation of which the debtor is a member."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 03562907-8460-4bd7-87d6-f83300c59fa3
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.68. Oblique action\n\n\n1. A creditor whose right to claim against the debtor is certain and exigible shall be entitled to exercise the rights of the debtor by bringing an action in the debtor\u2019s name in the event where the debtor fails to exercise these rights himself, or refuses to exercise them to the prejudice of the creditor\u2019s interests (an oblique action).\n\n\n2. An oblique action may be brought only in the instances when the creditor is necessitated to protect his rights (in the event of the debtor\u2019s insolvency, bankruptcy proceedings instituted against him, or in any other special events) and under the condition that the time limit for the performance of obligations has matured prior to bringing the action.\n\n\n3. The creditor shall have no right to demand exercising of such debtor\u2019s rights which are related exceptionally with the person of the debtor.\n\n\n4. A person against whom an oblique action of the creditor is brought may set up against the creditor all the objections and defences he could have set up against the debtor.\n\n\n5. Upon the satisfaction of an oblique action, the recovered property shall be set off against the property of the debtor and shall benefit all his creditors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: f97011eb-8247-4b98-8e74-a185484d5681
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.69. Right of retention\n\n\n1. The creditor shall be entitled to avail himself of the right of retention of a thing until the obligation is performed by the debtor.\n\n\n2. The procedure for the implementation of the right of retention shall be established by the provisions of Book Four of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nSECURING THE PERFORMANCE OF OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.70. Ways of securing the performance of obligations\n\n\n1. The performance of obligations may be secured under the contract or laws by penalty, pledge (hypothec), suretyship, guarantee, earnest money or in any other way provided for in the contract. Relationships related to pledge (hypothec) shall be regulated by the provisions of Book Four of this Code.   \n\n\n2. Securing the performance may apply to both the existing and future obligations.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nPENALTY"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b07dfe9a-e9aa-48f5-9b0b-b226a75f4575
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION ONE\n\nPENALTY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.71. Concept of penalty\n\n\n1. A penalty shall mean a sum of money determined by the law, contract or court which the debtor must pay to the creditor in the case of failure to perform an obligation, or defective performance thereof (fine, late payment interest).\n\n\n2. The penalty may be expressed as a concrete sum of money or as a percentage of the amount of the secured obligation.\n\n\n3. The penalty stipulated for a delay in performance of an obligation may be established for every day, week, month, etc. that exceeds the time limit for performance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.72. Form of agreement upon penalty\n\nThe clause by which it is agreed upon a penalty must be made in writing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 2e3810d0-008a-4cb9-9b82-74ef5df8a23c
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.73. Penalty and actual performance of an obligation\n\n\n1. Where an obligation with a penal clause is established, the creditor may not demand from the debtor both the actual performance of the obligation and the penalty, except in cases where the debtor misses the time limit for performance of the obligation. An agreement between the parties providing for any other stipulation shall be null and void. The sum stipulated in the penal clause shall be set off against damages in the case where compensation of damages is claimed.\n\n\n2. The amount of penalty stipulated may be reduced by the court when it is manifestly excessive, or if the creditor has already benefited from partial performance of the obligation, although the sum may not be reduced below the damages payable for the failure to perform the obligation or for defective performance thereof. No reduction of the penalty paid shall be allowed.\n\n\n3. The provisions of this Article shall not apply in the instances where it is otherwise provided for by this Code in respect of certain types of contracts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.74. Voidability of agreement upon penalty\n\nWhere the transaction from which the obligation has arisen is declared void in accordance with the procedure established by laws, any agreement upon securing the performance of such an obligation by way of penalty shall also be void."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 3ff333bb-60b1-41ab-a4f7-82e0c44e56bc
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.75. Burden of proof\n\nThe burden to prove the fact of the proper performance of the obligation shall be placed on the debtor by whom the obligation to pay the penalty is disputed on the basis of assertion that the obligation has already been performed by him.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nSURETYSHIP\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.76. Concept of a contract of suretyship\n\n\n1. Suretyship shall mean a contract by which the surety binds himself to be liable towards the creditor of another person gratuitously or for a remuneration in the event where the person in whose favour suretyship is granted fails to perform the obligation in whole or in part.\n\n\n2. Suretyship shall be an accessory obligation (dependent upon the obligation of the principal debtor for which it has been entered into).  Suretyship shall terminate upon the extinguishment of the principal obligation or it having been declared void."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: de3e1826-8dc8-426c-8241-c73736189c78
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.77. Grounds for suretyship\n\n\n1. Suretyship shall result from a contract of suretyship or shall be imposed on the basis of laws, or a court judgment.\n\n\n2. Suretyship may be granted for an obligation irrespective of the request of the person for whose obligation it is being granted, also irrespective of the identity of the person who binds himself.\n\n\n3. A person may become surety either for the principal debtor or for his surety. \n\n\n4. The creditor shall have the right to require a surety to be a concrete person named by the creditor.  In the case where the creditor does not express such a requirement, the debtor must propose as surety a person with sufficient property to perform the obligation.\n\n\n5. Where a debtor is bound to furnish suretyship on the grounds of laws (legal surety) or a court judgment (judicial surety), he shall have the right to present other adequate security for performance of the obligation instead of suretyship.\n\n\n6. Disputes whether the property of the surety is sufficient, and whether the security offered is adequate shall be decided by the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: e8f19cb5-8e53-4cea-bb1f-a95f94fa4441
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.78. Obligations secured by suretyship\n\n\n1. Suretyship may be contracted for both already existing obligation and those which will arise in future, but in any event, suretyship may be applied only for the performance of a sufficiently specified obligation.\n\n\n2. Suretyship may also be contracted for a part of the principal obligation. Suretyship may not be contracted for an amount in excess of that owed by the debtor.  Suretyship may not be contracted under any other onerous conditions. Where the sum secured by suretyship extends beyond the limits of the debt for which it was contracted, it must be reduced to the amount of the debt.\n\n\n3. Suretyship shall extend to all the accessories of the principal obligation.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.79. Form of a contract of suretyship\n\nSuretyship must be contracted in written form. Non-observance of this requirement shall result in the voidability of the contract."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 33d39465-800d-40d9-a051-b2c9d5000451
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.80. Relationship between the surety and the creditor\n\n\n1. At the request of the surety, the creditor must provide him with information about the content and conditions of the principal obligation, as well as about its performance.\n\n\n2. The surety shall have the right to require from the creditor exaction to be levied first on concrete property of the principle debtor, except in the cases where the surety has expressly renounced this right. Where the creditor failed to comply with the instruction of the surety, and did not levy the exaction first on the indicated concrete property of the principle debtor, the creditor shall be liable for any subsequent insolvency of the principle debtor up to the value of the property indicated. These rules shall not apply in the instances of solidary liability of the principal debtor and the surety towards the creditor (paragraph 1 of Article 6.81 of this Code)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: b28262cb-3ad4-4810-a694-45f7b68dd17b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.81. Liability of the surety\n\n\n1. If the debtor fails to perform the obligation, both the debtor and the surety shall be liable as solidary debtors towards the creditor for the performance of this obligation unless otherwise provided for by the contract of suretyship.\n\n\n2. The surety shall be liable to the same extent as the debtor (for the payment of interest and penalty, compensation for damages) unless otherwise established by the contract of suretyship.  \n\n\n3. Where several persons become sureties of the same debtor for the same debt, they shall be solidarily liable unless otherwise provided for by the contract of suretyship."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 8a21102a-e7e1-4f65-8814-77af9d058baf
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.82. Rights and duties of the surety arising as a result of an action brought against him\n\n\n1. In the event where the creditor brings an action against the surety, the latter must implead the debtor. Otherwise, the debtor shall have the right, in the case of a counter-claim brought by the surety, to set up against the creditor all the defences he is entitled to.\n\n\n2. The surety shall have the right to set up against the creditor all the defences which could be set up by the debtor.  The surety shall not lose his right to set up such defences even when the debtor refuses his defences or admits his obligation.\n\n\n3. The surety shall be entitled to avail himself of all other rights which may be exercised by the debtor (dispute a debt, apply a set-off, suspend performance of the obligation, etc.), with the exception of those which are exceptionally related to the person of the debtor.\n\n\n4. A postponement of the performance of an obligation granted to the debtor by the creditor shall also apply to the surety."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.83. Rights of the surety after the obligation is performed"}


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topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. All the rights of the creditor arising from a certain obligation shall pass to the surety by whom that obligation has been performed.\n\n\n2. The surety who has bound himself at the request of the debtor or with his consent, and who has performed the obligation shall have additional right to claim from the principal debtor compensation for all the damages incurred in relation with the suretyship; he shall also have the right to charge interest on the sum paid to the creditor even if the principal debt is not producing interest. The surety who has bound himself without the knowledge of the debtor may only claim from him what the debtor would have been bound to pay, including damages, if there had been no suretyship.\n\n\n3. Each of several co-sureties shall have the right by way of recourse to claim from the debtor what he has paid.\n\n\n4. After the surety has performed the obligation, the creditor must deliver to him the documents confirming the right of claim against the debtor, as well as the rights by which such claim is secured.\n\n\n5. In the event where the surety fails to inform the principal debtor that he has performed the obligation, he shall have no right of recourse against the principal debtor who, being unaware of this performance, effectuates it repeatedly. The same effect shall be produced in the case where the surety performs the obligation without informing the principal debtor at the time when the principal debtor has already acquired the right to set"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "produced in the case where the surety performs the obligation without informing the principal debtor at the time when the principal debtor has already acquired the right to set up against the claim of the creditor defences that could have enabled him to have the debt declared extinguished. Nevertheless, in both of these cases the surety shall retain his right of claim for recovery of the sums that were not due to the creditor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.84. Right of recourse of the surety performing a solidary obligation\n\nIf several persons acted as sureties for the same obligation, and the obligation was performed by one of the co-sureties, the co-surety who has performed the obligation shall have the right of recourse against the other co-sureties for their respective shares in the event where those sums cannot be recovered from the debtor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.85. Duty of the debtor to inform the surety about the performance of the obligation\n\nThe debtor who has performed the obligation secured by suretyship must immediately inform the surety about the performance. Otherwise, the surety, who in his turn has performed the obligation, shall retain the right of recourse against the debtor. In this case, the debtor shall be entitled to recover from the creditor only what has been received by him not due.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.86. Relief of the surety from liability\n\nWhere the creditor refuses his priority right in the satisfaction of his claim, or declines any other security of the obligation established in his favour, the surety shall be released from liability if the creditor would have been able to satisfy his claim by exercising the rights which he has refused."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.87. Termination of suretyship\n\n\n1. Suretyship shall be terminated at the time of extinguishment of the obligation which was secured by it.\n\n\n2. Suretyship shall also be terminated by the death of the surety.\n\n\n3. If the qualities of a surety and debtor are united in the same person, suretyship shall remain in force if the creditor has an interest in its continuation.\n\n\n4. Unless the contract of suretyship provides for otherwise, suretyship shall be terminated if the obligation is changed in essence, and such change without the consent of the surety results in the increase of his liability, or in any other consequences unfavourable thereto.\n\n\n5. Suretyship shall be terminated if the debt according to the secured obligation is assumed by another person and the surety does not give his consent to the creditor to extend suretyship over in respect of the new debtor.\n\n\n6. Suretyship shall be terminated where the creditor without any grounds refuses to accept a proper performance of the obligation offered by the debtor or the surety."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.88. Termination of suretyship contracted for a determinate period\n\n\n1. Suretyship contracted for a determinate period or with a view of performing an obligation with a fixed term shall be terminated if the creditor does not bring an action against the surety within three months from the day on which the contract of suretyship or the time limit for performance of the obligation expires.\n\n\n2. Where suretyship by which a future obligation is secured is contracted for a determinate period, it shall terminate on the day of expiration of the time limit for suretyship if the obligation has not arisen before the expiration of this time limit."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.89. Termination of suretyship contracted for an indeterminate period\n\n\n1. In absence of any agreement to the contrary, where suretyship is contracted for an indeterminate period, or where the time limit for performance of an obligation is not indicated or determined by the moment of demand for performance, suretyship shall be terminated upon the expiry of two years from the day on which the contract of suretyship was concluded if the creditor does not bring an action against the surety within this time limit.\n\n\n2. Where a future obligation is secured by suretyship contracted for an indeterminate period, the surety may, by his unilateral notice, dissolve it upon expiry of three years from its contraction if during the three years the obligation has not become exigible. The surety must immediately inform in writing the debtor and the creditor of the dissolution of suretyship.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nGUARANTEE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION THREE\n\nGUARANTEE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.90. Concept of a guarantee\n\n\n1. A guarantee shall mean a unilateral obligation of a guarantor by which he binds himself within the sum indicated in the guarantee to be liable fully or in part towards another person (creditor) if a person (debtor) fails to perform an obligation, or performs it improperly; the guarantor also binds himself to compensate the creditor for damages under certain conditions (when the debtor becomes insolvent, and in other cases). The guarantor shall be subsidiarily liable.  \n\n\n2. The obligation of the guarantor towards the creditor shall not depend on the principal obligation the performance of which is secured by it; a guarantee shall be an independent obligation even in the cases when the principal obligation is indicated in the guarantee.\n\n\n3. A guarantor who has performed the obligation for a debtor shall acquire the right of recourse against the latter.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.91. Form of a guarantee\n\nA guarantee must be drawn up in writing. Failure to meet this requirement shall render the guarantee null and void."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.92. Limits of the obligation of a guarantor"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The obligation of a guarantor shall be subsidiary and limited to the amount for which the guarantee was issued.\n\n\n2. In the event where the guarantor fails to perform his obligation under the contract of guarantee, or performs it improperly, his liability towards the creditor for damages suffered as a consequence of violation of the guarantee shall not be limited to the amount for which the guarantee was issued.\n\n\n3. Upon receiving the demand of the creditor to perform the obligation, the guarantor must immediately inform the debtor and submit to him copies of the creditor\u2019s demand with the documents appended.\n\n\n4. The guarantor shall have the right to refuse satisfaction of the creditor\u2019s demand if this demand or the documents appended thereto do not correspond to the conditions of the guarantee, or they were submitted after the expiry of the time limit established for the guarantee. The guarantor must immediately notify the creditor about the refusal to satisfy his demand.\n\n\n5. Where the guarantor becomes aware that the principal obligation secured by the guarantee has been performed in full, or has been terminated on other grounds, or has been declared null and void, he must immediately notify of this the creditor and the debtor.  In the event where after such notification the guarantor receives a repeated demand of the creditor to perform the obligation, he must satisfy it only upon the presentation by the creditor of proof that the obligation has not been terminated and continues to be valid."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.93. Bank guarantee\n\n\n1. Under a contract of a bank guarantee, the bank or any other credit institution (guarantor) shall bind itself in writing to pay to the debtor\u2019s creditor upon his demand a sum of money fixed in the guarantee.\n\n\n2. The debtor shall pay the guarantor the remuneration stipulated in the contract concluded between the debtor and the bank for the granting of a bank guarantee,\n\n\n3. The bank guarantee shall enter into force from the moment of its granting unless otherwise provided for in the guarantee.      \n\n\n4. The demand of the creditor concerning the performance under a bank guarantee must be submitted to the guarantor in writing with all the necessary documents appended. It must be indicated in the demand in what manner the debtor has violated the principal obligation secured by the guarantee.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.94. Irrevocability of a bank guarantee\n\nThe bank may not revoke any guarantee it has granted unless otherwise provided for by the contract of a guarantee.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.95. Prohibition to assign the right of claim\n\nThe creditor shall not be entitled to assign to another person the right of claim secured by the bank guarantee unless otherwise provided for in this guarantee."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
id: 185999da-8a15-416a-974f-099c56e1e239
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.96. Termination of a bank guarantee\n\n\n1. A bank guarantee shall be terminated:\n\n\n1) upon the payment by the bank to the creditor of the amount for which the guarantee was issued;\n\n\n2) by the expiration of the time limit for the guarantee established by the contract of guarantee;\n\n\n3) by the creditor\u2019s renunciation of his rights arising from the guarantee and the return thereof to the bank, or information of the bank about the renunciation in writing.\n\n\n2. Upon becoming aware that the guarantee has terminated, the bank must notify the debtor without delay.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.97. Right of recourse of the bank\n\n\n1. The bank and the debtor may establish by a contract the right of recourse of the bank against the debtor after the bank effectuates to the creditor the payment of the sum of money stipulated in the guarantee.\n\n\n2. The bank shall not have the right within the procedure of recourse to claim from the debtor compensation of the amounts paid not in accordance with the guarantee, or the amounts paid for non-performance or improper performance of the obligation of the bank to the creditor.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nEARNEST MONEY"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FOUR\n\nEARNEST MONEY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.98. Concept of the earnest money\n\n\n1. Earnest money shall be deemed to be a monetary amount issued by one contracting party from the payments due to be paid by it under a contract to the other party to prove the conclusion of the contract and secure its performance.\n\n\n2. The earnest money may not be used for securing a preliminary contract, likewise a contract that must be concluded in the obligatory notarial form.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.99. Form of an earnest money agreement\n\n\n1. An earnest money agreement must be concluded in the written form irrespective of the amount of the earnest money.\n\n\n2. An earnest money agreement which does not meet the requirement of the written form shall be null and void."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.100. Consequences of non-performance of an obligation secured by the earnest money\n\n\n1. If the party which issues the earnest money is liable for non-performance of the contract, the earnest money shall remain with the other party. In the event where the party to whom the earnest money was handed over is liable for non-performance of the contract, it must pay to the other party double the amount of the earnest money.\n\n\n2. In addition, the party who is liable for non-performance of the contract must compensate the other party for damages, including the earnest money, unless otherwise provided for by the contract.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VI\n\nASSIGNMENT OF A CLAIM"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.101. Right of the creditor to assign a claim\n\n\n1. The creditor shall have the right, without the consent of the debtor, to assign to another person all or a part of the claim provided that the assignment does not contradict the laws or the contract, or the claim is not related with the person of the creditor. The assignment of the claim must not prejudice the rights of the debtor and must not render his obligation more onerous.\n\n\n2. By effect of the assignment, the claim shall be transferred to the assignee with the privileges established for the security of performance of the obligation and other accessory rights.\n\n\n3. A future claim shall be likewise subject to assignment.\n\n\n4. The right of claim shall be transferred to another person by operation of law in the following cases:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) upon universal assumption of the rights of the creditor;\n\n\n2) where the rights of the creditor under a court judgment are delegated to another person if such possibility is provided for by laws;\n\n\n3) where the surety or the pledgor of the debtor, who are not parties to the secured obligation, perform the obligation for the debtor;\n\n\n4) where within the procedure of recourse the rights of the creditor connected with the debtor responsible for the insurance event are transferred to an insurance company;\n\n\n5) in other cases provided for by law.\n\n\n5. In the event where the person of the creditor is of essential importance to the debtor, the creditor shall be prohibited from assigning the claim without the consent of the debtor."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.102. Cases in which the assignment of a claim is prohibited\n\n\n1. The assignment of a claim against which recourse cannot be taken shall be prohibited.\n\n\n2. Judges, public prosecutors and advocates cannot become assignees of claims in respect of which litigation has arisen in the court within whose jurisdiction they exercise their functions.\n\n\n3. It shall be prohibited to assign a claim inseparably related with the person of the creditor (claim for maintenance, claim for compensation of damage caused by impairment of health or loss of life, etc.).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.103. Form of the contract\n\nThe form of a contract upon assignment of a claim shall be subject to the same requirements as prescribed for the principal obligation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.104. Delivering of documents"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The creditor who has assigned his claim to another person must hand over to the new creditor the documentary evidence pertaining to the claim and the accessory rights, including the right to receive interest.  If such documents remain of importance to the previous creditor, he must hand over to the new creditor copies of the documents certified in accordance with the established procedure.\n\n\n2. The assignment of a claim the performance of which is secured by a pledge (hypothec) must be inscribed in the public register.  In this case, the previous creditor and the new creditor must take measures in order to ensure that relevant inscriptions are made in the public register. \n\n\n3. In the event of assignment of the universality of claims, the previous creditor must deliver to the new creditor any pledged property which is under his control.\n\n\n4. All expenses relating to the execution and delivering of the documents stipulated in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be covered by the new creditor unless otherwise provided for by the contract.\n\n\n5. The claim confirmed by a bearer security issued by the debtor shall be assigned by handing over the bearer security to the new creditor. In this case, the debtor must perform the obligation to any person who hands over the security to him.  In this event, the debtor shall neither be entitled to setting up any objections or defences other than a claim for acknowledging the nullity of the bearer security.\n\n\n6. A creditor who has been"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "to setting up any objections or defences other than a claim for acknowledging the nullity of the bearer security.\n\n\n6. A creditor who has been dispossessed of a bearer security against his will may prevent the debtor from performing the obligation to the person who presents the security exclusively by means of instituting judicial proceedings."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.105. Liability of an assignor (previous creditor)\n\n\n1. The assignor (previous creditor) shall be liable towards the assignee (new creditor) for the invalidity of the assigned claim, though he shall not be liable for the debtor\u2019s non-performance of the obligation arising from this claim, except in the cases when the assignor gives a surety to the assignee for the debtor.\n\n\n2. Where the right of claim is assigned gratuitously, it shall be deemed that the assignor affirms that the right of claim exists, and is owned by him even if such affirmation is not provided for by the contract (statutory guarantee), with the exception of cases where the assignee acquires the right of claim at his own risk, or at the time of the assignment, he was aware or ought to have been aware of the uncertain nature of the right of claim. \n\n\n3. Where the right of claim is assigned for consideration, the assignor shall be liable only for the insolvency of the debtor that existed at the time of the assignment, and only to the extent of the amount he received for that assignment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.106. Performance of an obligation in favour of the assignor by the debtor uninformed about the assignment of the claim\n\n\n1. In the event of failure to inform the debtor that the claim has been assigned, the performance of the obligation in favour of the assignor shall be deemed to be proper.  If the claim has been assigned several times, the performance of the obligation in favour of any subsequent creditor shall be deemed to be proper.\n\n\n2. In the case of a dispute over the pretension to the claim, the debtor shall have the right to refuse payment to any concrete creditor and perform the obligation by depositing a sum into the depository account of a notary office, bank or any other credit institution.\n\n\n3. In the instances where the debtor pays the debt being aware of the dispute indicated in paragraph 2 of this Article, he shall do so at his own risk."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.107. Defences of the debtor against the claims of the assignee (new creditor)\n\n\n1. The debtor shall have the right to set up against the assignee all the defences which he was entitled to set up against the assignor at the time of receiving the notice about the assignment of the claim.\n\n\n2. After the assignment of the claim and handing over of a bearer instrument, the debtor who has issued the bearer instrument shall have no right to set up defences against the assignee based upon the assertion that the obligation is simulated or false, or the assignment is prohibited if at the time of the assignment of the claim the assignee did not know and could not have known of these circumstances.\n\n\n3. In the event where, after the assignment of the claim, the debtor brings an action against the assignor for the annulment of the legal fact from which the obligation arises, the debtor must notify the assignee of this fact, except in the cases when the annulment of that legal fact cannot be invoked against the assignee."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.108. Set-off against the assignee\n\nA debtor who has a counter-claim against the assignor shall be entitled to a set-off against the assignee, except in the cases where at the time of acquisition of the counter-claim the debtor was aware of the assignment of the claim, or the time limit for the recovery of the assigned claim expired after he became aware of its assignment, or after the expiration of the time limit allotted for the recovery of the assigned claim."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.109. Notice of the assignment of a claim"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The fact of the assignment of the claim may be invoked against third persons and the debtor only from the moment when the debtor acquiesced in it, or received a copy of the document confirming the fact of the assignment of the claim, or any other evidence of the fact of the assignment of the claim.\n\n\n2. Where the debtor\u2019s whereabouts are unknown, the assignment of the claim may be announced by public notice (Article 1.65 of this Code).\n\n\n3. The assignment of the right of claim, which is registered in the public register in accordance with the procedure established by laws, shall be announced in accordance with the procedure laid down by laws and the fact of the assignment shall be inscribed in the public register.\n\n\n4. The assignment of a claim may not be set up by the creditor against the debtor if the creditor has given notice of this assignment to the debtor, even if the assignment would have not occurred or would have been declared void.\n\n\n5. The handing over of the contract on the assignment of the claim to the assignee and presentation of that contract to the debtor shall also be deemed to constitute a notice.\n\n\n6. A notice on the assignment of the claim may be renounced only with the consent of the assignee.\n\n\n7. The debtor must perform the obligation to the assignee only if the latter together with the expression of his demand presents the contract on the assignment of the claim. Waiver of the"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "obligation to the assignee only if the latter together with the expression of his demand presents the contract on the assignment of the claim. Waiver of the obligation or a demand for the performance thereof by the assignee shall have no effect without presentation of a contract on the assignment. This rule shall not apply if the assignee has notified the debtor of the assignment of the claim in writing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.110. Assignment of other rights\n\nThe rules establishing the procedure for the assignment of a claim shall also apply to the assignment of other rights unless otherwise provided for by laws.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VII\n\nTRANSFER OF A CLAIM TO A THIRD PERSON WITHIN THE PROCEDURE OF RECOURSE\n\n(SUBROGATION)  \n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.111. Grounds for subrogation\n\nSubrogation may be effectuated on the basis of a written contract or laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.112. Cases of subrogation\n\nA claim shall be transferred to a third person by way of subrogation when:\n\n\n1) the claim is satisfied from the property of the third person;\n\n\n2) the obligation is performed for the debtor by the third person whose property was pledged in securing the performance of obligation;\n\n\n3) the third person performs the obligation for the debtor in order to prevent seizure of property, even though the property does not belong to him, where the seizure would make him lose whatever rights he has in that property;\n\n\n4) the debtor and the third person who has paid the debt concludes a contract upon the payment of the debt, provided that the creditor knew of this contract at the time of payment, or had been notified thereof."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 13:56:53
topic: persistent://default/default/dfd5afca-a0e3-449c-a939-40625d41b1c9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 6.113. Rights acquired as a result of subrogation\n\nA third person who is subrogated to the rights of the creditor may not acquire more rights than the subrogating creditor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 6.114. Subrogation by operation of law\n\nA claim shall be transferred to a third person according to subrogation by operation of law in the following cases:\n\n\n1) in favour of the creditor who pays the debt to another creditor whose claim has preference to his by virtue of its securement in the form of a pledge (hypothec) or by the priority of claim;\n\n\n2) in favour of the acquirer of the property when he performs an obligation towards the creditor whose claim is secured by a pledge (hypothec) on that property;\n\n\n3) in favour of a person who performs the obligation to which he is bound with other debtors, or has reasonable interest in the performance thereof;\n\n\n4) in favour of a heir who at his expense performs the obligation of succession for which he was not bound;\n\n\n5) in other cases provided for by law.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VIII\n\nDELEGATION OF DEBT"}


