# embeddings_queue

created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) a one month\u2019s notice, where the contract was valid for no more than one year;\n\n\n2) a two months\u2019 notice, where the contract was valid for no more than two years;\n\n\n3) a three months\u2019 notice, where the contract was valid for no more than three years;\n\n\n4) a four months\u2019 notice, where the contract was valid for more than three years.\n\n\n2. The parties may not establish shorter time limits for notification by agreement but may establish longer time limits for notification; in all cases, however, the same time limits for notification shall apply to both parties. The notification must be made by the end of a calendar month.\n\n\n3. The party who has terminated a contract without the other party\u2019s consent and has violated the time limits for prior notification must compensate the other party for the losses incurred by its actions, except in the cases where the contract has been terminated for compelling reasons, of which the other party has been notified without delay.\n\n\n4. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties, the last day of notification and the day of termination of a contract must coincide with the end of a calendar month."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Where the term of an agency contract has expired and the fixed period contract has become a contract for an indefinite period, the time limits for notification laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article, which include the term of validity of a fixed period contract, shall apply to its termination.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.166. Termination of a fixed-term contract\n\n\n1. Each party shall have the right to terminate a fixed-term contract before the expiry of its term where there are compelling reasons for doing so. Waiver of the given right shall be null and void.\n\n\n2. Where the contract is terminated for reasons for which the other party is responsible, the latter must compensate for the losses caused by the termination of the contract.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.167. Right to compensation and damages\n\n\n1. Upon the expiry of a contract between a commercial agent and a principal, the commercial agent shall be entitled to compensation under paragraph 2 of this Article unless the parties have agreed that, upon the expiration of the contract, the commercial agent shall be entitled to damages under paragraph 6 of this Article. Waiver of the right to compensation or damages shall be null and void.\n\n\n2. A commercial agent shall be entitled to compensation where:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. A commercial agent shall be entitled to compensation where:\n\n\n1) upon the termination of the contract, the principal benefits substantially from business relationships with clients who have been found by the commercial agent or with whom, because of the commercial agent, the volume of the principal\u2019s business has increased significantly; and\n\n\n2) taking into consideration all circumstances, the payment of compensation would be in line with the principle of justice.\n\n\n3. The maximum amount of compensation shall be the average annual amount of a commercial agent\u2019s remuneration, calculated for the entire term of validity of the contract where the contract was valid for no more than five years. Where the contract was valid more than five years, the average annual amount of remuneration for the last five years shall be calculated. Payment of compensation shall not abolish the right of the commercial agent to claim damages for the breach of the contract.\n\n\n4. A commercial agent shall be divested of the right to compensation where, during the period of one year after the expiration of the contract, he fails to inform the principal about his intention to exercise such right.\n\n\n5. A commercial agent shall not be entitled to compensation where:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. A commercial agent shall not be entitled to compensation where:\n\n\n1) the contract has been terminated on the commercial agent\u2019s initiative, except in the cases where the commercial agent terminates the contract due to the unlawful actions of the principal or due to his illness, age or disability which prevent him from discharging his obligations properly;\n\n\n2) the contract has been terminated on the principal\u2019s initiative due to the fault of the commercial agent;\n\n\n3) the commercial agent, with the principal\u2019s consent, transfers his rights and obligations stipulated in the agency contract to another person.\n\n\n6. A commercial agent shall have the right to claim damages for the termination of the contract with the principal, in particular where the commercial agent loses the commission which he would have received as a result of the proper performance of an agency contract and the principal derives substantial benefit from the commercial agent\u2019s activities, and/or where the principal fails to reimburse the expenses incurred by the commercial agent in the course of carrying out the instructions of the principal. In the event of damages being awarded, paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article shall apply.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.168. Exemptions\n\nLaws may provide for exemptions to the provisions of this Section where they are deemed necessary due to the specific character of commercial agent\u2019s activities in different fields of business."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
id: 9a2a927f-e2a2-4279-80f7-fb12cde673e0
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nPECULIARITIES OF COMMERCIAL AGENCY IN CONCLUSION AND EXECUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS FOR THE SALE OF GOODS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.169. Scope\n\n\n1. Provisions of this Section shall apply only in the cases where both of the following conditions are met:\n\n\n1) an international contract for the sale of goods is concluded and executed;\n\n\n2) the principal and the third person reside in different states.\n\n\n2. Provisions of this Section shall apply only to the relationship between a principal and a commercial agent, on the one hand, and the third person, on the other.\n\n\n3. Provisions of this Section shall not apply to:\n\n\n1) shares or other securities traded on the stock exchange;\n\n\n2) commodities sold by auction;\n\n\n3) activities of statutory representatives as well as activities of representatives appointed by a decision of the court or an administrative institution.\n\n\n4. For the purposes of this Section, the management bodies or employees of a legal person shall not be deemed to be agents if they act act without overstepping the authority prescribed by law or the incorporation documents of the legal person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.170. Rights and obligations of an agent\n\n\n1. The rights and obligations of an agent may be express or implied in specific circumstances."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The rights and obligations of an agent may be express or implied in specific circumstances.\n\n\n2. An agent shall be vested with authority to perform any acts which, under specific circumstance, are necessary to carry out properly the instructions of the principal.\n\n\n3. The rights and obligations of an agent may be expressed in any form and any means of proof may be used to prove their content.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.171. Validity of transactions concluded by an agent\n\n\n1. Where an agent acts in the name and on behalf of a principal without overstepping his authority and where the third person knew or ought to have known that he was concluding the contract with an agent, the principal shall acquire the rights and assume the obligations arising under the contract.\n\n\n2. A contract concluded by an agent shall create rights and obligations for the agent and not for the principal where:\n\n\n1) the third person did not know nor ought to have known that the contract was being concluded with an agent (undisclosed agency);\n\n\n2) specific circumstances (e.g. a reference to the contract) confirm that the agent intended to acquire rights and obligations for himself and not for the principal."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Notwithstanding the circumstances laid down in paragraph 2 of this Article, the principal may exercise the rights acquired by the agent in relation to the third person where the agent fails to discharge his obligations to the principal, taking into consideration the right of the third person to use remedies against the agent. Where the agent fails to discharge his obligations to the third person, the said person shall have the right to exercise his rights in relation to the principal, acquired against the agent, taking into consideration the right of the agent to use remedies against the third person as well as the right of the principal to use remedies against the agent.\n\n\n4. The rights provided for in paragraph 3 of this Article may be exercised if the principal, the agent and the third person have been respectively notified thereof. Upon receipt of the said notification, the third person or the principal may not waive the obligations linking them to the agent.\n\n\n5. Where an agent fails to discharge his obligations to the third person through a principal\u2019s fault, the agent must reveal the principal\u2019s name to the third person.\n\n\n6. Where the third person fails to discharge his obligations to the agent, the agent must reveal the third person\u2019s name to the principal.\n\n\n7. A principal may not exercise the rights acquired by the agent in relation to the third person where the third person proves that he would not have concluded the contract if he had known who the principal was."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.172. Conclusion and execution of a contract without due authority or outside one\u2019s authority\n\n\n1. Where a person acts without due authority or outside his authority, his actions shall have no legal effects for the principal. In such cases, the rights and obligations of the said person and the third person shall arise.\n\n\n2. Provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply in cases where the conduct of the principal has given reasonable grounds for the third person  to believe in good faith that the agent had due authority and was acting within it.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.173. Approval of an agent\u2019s actions\n\n\n1. A principal shall have the right to approve the actions taken by the person who was not authorised to do so or acted outside his authority. Approval may be granted in any form. In addition, approval may be implied in a principal\u2019s behaviour. Approval shall enter into force as of the moment of its receipt by the third person. Approval may not be revoked once it has entered into force."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where, at the moment of entering into the transaction, the third person did not know and could not have known that the agent was not vested with authority or acted outside it, the third person shall not be liable to the principal if, prior to the approval of the agent\u2019s actions, he notifies the principal that the transaction is not binding on him even after it has been approved. Where the principal approves the actions of the agent but fails to do so within a reasonable time limit, the third person may withdraw from the transaction upon immediate notification thereof to the principal.\n\n\n3. Where, at the time of entering into a transaction, the third person knew or ought to have known that the agent was not vested with authority or acted outside it, the third person may not withdraw from the transaction, either prior to the approval of the agent\u2019s actions or thereafter.\n\n\n4. The third person may, in all cases, refuse to accept only a partial approval of the agent\u2019s actions.\n\n\n5. Where the agent has performed actions in the interests of a future legal person prior to the incorporation of the legal person, such actions may be approved only in the cases prescribed by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.174. Legal consequences of a failure to approve an agent\u2019s actions"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.174. Legal consequences of a failure to approve an agent\u2019s actions\n\n\n1. Where a person has acted without due authority or outside his authority and the principal has refused to approve his actions, the person must compensate the third person for such losses as would enable the third person to be restored to the position in which he would have been if the agent had possessed the due authority or had acted without overstepping his authority.\n\n\n2. A person shall not be liable to the third person where the third person knew or ought to have known that the person was not vested with authority or acted outside it.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.175. Termination of an agent\u2019s authority\n\n\n1. Authority of an agent shall be terminated:\n\n\n1) upon agreement between the principal and the agent;\n\n\n2) upon conclusion of the transaction or performance of any other action for which the authority was granted;\n\n\n3) where a principal divests the agent of the rights he was granted;\n\n\n4) where the agent waives the rights he was granted;\n\n\n5) in other cases provided for by this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4) where the agent waives the rights he was granted;\n\n\n5) in other cases provided for by this Code.\n\n\n2. Termination of an agent\u2019s authority shall not affect the authority of the third person, except in the cases where the third person knew or ought to have known about the termination of the agent\u2019s authority, or about the circumstances which formed the basis for the termination thereof.\n\n\n3. Notwithstanding the termination of an agent\u2019s authority, the agent shall have the right to perform, in the interests of the principal or the principal\u2019s successors, such actions as are necessary to avoid damage to the interests of the principal or the principal\u2019s successors.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nPROCURACY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.176. Concept of procuracy\n\n\n1. Procuracy shall be a power of attorney which a legal person (trader) grants to his employee or other person to perform, in the name of and on behalf of a principal, all legal acts relating to the business of the legal person (trader).\n\n\n2. In addition, procuracy shall grant the right to perform, in the name of and on behalf of the principal, legal acts in the court or other non-judicial institutions.\n\n\n3. A person who is issued procuracy shall be a procurator."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. A person who is issued procuracy shall be a procurator.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.177. Issuance of procuracy\n\n\n1. Procuracy shall be issued by a respective management body of a legal person or the owner of a legal person or a person authorised by him in accordance with the procedure established in the incorporation documents of the legal person.\n\n\n2. Procuracy may be issued to several persons (joint procuracy). In such a case, all procurators must act together.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.178. Form of procuracy\n\n\n1. Procuracy must be issued in writing and signed by a person vested with authority to issue procuracy.\n\n\n2. Procuracy must be registered in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.179. Rights of a procurator\n\n\n1. A procurator shall not have the right to perform and he may not be authorised to perform the following acts:\n\n\n1) to transfer an immovable thing (enterprise) of the principal or  encumber the rights to it;\n\n\n2) to sign the balance sheet and tax return of the principal;\n\n\n3) to institute bankruptcy proceedings of the principal;\n\n\n4) to issue procuracy;\n\n\n5) to accept interest holders into an enterprise;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4) to issue procuracy;\n\n\n5) to accept interest holders into an enterprise;\n\n\n2. A procurator shall not have the right to delegate his authority to another person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.180. Restrictions on procuracy\n\n\n1. Procuracy may be restricted. Procuracy may be restricted to a branch office of a legal person, respective fields and types of a legal person\u2019s activities, certain circumstances, time or territory.\n\n\n2. Restrictions on procuracy specified in paragraph 1 of this Article shall have no effect on the third persons.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.181. Entering into force of procuracy\n\n\n1. Procuracy establishing the relationship between a principal and a procurator shall enter into force as of the moment of its issuance.\n\n\n2. Procuracy establishing the relationship between a procurator and the third persons shall enter into force as of the moment of its registration in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.182. Signature of a procurator\n\nWhen signing documents in a principal\u2019s name, a procurator must indicate that he is acting as a procurator, i.e. to include the word \u201cprocurator\u201d or its abbreviation \u201cpp\u201d."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.183. Liability of a procurator\n\nA procurator shall be liable to a principal and the third persons in the same manner as a commercial agent.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.184. Termination of procuracy\n\n\n1. Procuracy shall be terminated when:\n\n\n1) a principal revokes it;\n\n\n2) a procurator waives it;\n\n\n3) a principal has been instituted bankruptcy proceedings;\n\n\n4) a legal person which has issued the procuracy is liquidated or reorganised;\n\n\n5) a procurator is dead, or has been declared legally incapable in the area in which procuracy has been issued, or declared to be of limited legal capacity in the area in which procuracy has been issued, or has been declared an absentee.\n\n\n2. Procuracy shall be terminated upon its removal from the Register of Powers of Attorney, with the exception of the cases laid down in points 4 and 5 of paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.185. Acts performed without procuracy\n\n\n1. A principal may instruct his employees to perform acts which are routine and customary in a certain field of business without issuance of procuracy. In such cases, provisions of this Code regulating procuracy shall apply by analogy."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. It shall be presumed that employees working in a shop or a warehouse have the right to sell, issue or receive goods, as well as to accept claims concerning the quantity and quality of goods, without a special authorisation.\n\n\n3. When signing documents in the name of a principal, the employees specified in this Article must indicate their capacity, name, family name and authority.\n\n\n \n\n\nBOOK THREE\n\nFAMILY LAW\n\n \n\n\nPART I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nFAMILY LAWS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.1. Relationships governed by Book Three of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania\n\n\n1. The provisions of Book Three of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania shall define the general principles of the legal regulation of family relationships and govern the grounds and procedures for entering into marriage, validity and dissolution of marriage, property and non-property personal rights of spouses, filiation, mutual rights and responsibilities between children, parents as well as other family members, the basic provisions on adoption, guardianship, curatorship and on the procedures of registering acts of civil status.\n\n\n2. The provisions of other Books of the Civil Code, as well as the provisions of other civil laws, shall apply to family relationships to the extent that they are not regulated by the provisions of this Book.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.2. Sources of family law"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.2. Sources of family law\n\n\n1. Family relationships shall be governed by the Constitution, the Civil Code and other laws of the Republic of Lithuania as well as by the international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. The Government of the Republic of Lithuania or other state institutions may adopt legal acts on family law matters only in the cases and to the extent provided for by this Code or other laws.\n\n\n3. Customs shall apply to family relationships only in cases provided for by law. Where there is a contradiction between the law and the custom, the law shall prevail.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.3. Principles of the legal regulation of family relationships\n\n\n1. In the Republic of Lithuania, the legal regulation of family relationships shall be based on the principles of monogamy, voluntary marriage, equality of spouses, priority of protecting and safeguarding the rights and interests of children, upbringing of children in the family, mutual complementarity of motherhood and fatherhood, comprehensive protection of motherhood and other principles of the legal regulation of civil relationships.\n\n\n2. Family laws and their application must ensure the strengthening of the family and its significance in society, mutual responsibility of family members for the preservation of the family and upbringing of children, the possibility for all family members to properly exercise their rights and protect minors from the undue influence of other family members or other persons and any other factors."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.4. Analogy of statute or law\n\n\n1. Where family relationships are not governed by this Book or other Books of the Civil Code, they shall be governed by the provisions of other civil laws applicable to similar legal relations. The application by analogy of special legal provisions stipulating derogations from the general rules shall be prohibited.\n\n\n2. Where it is not possible to apply statute by analogy and also where the resolution of the matter is left to judicial discretion, the rights and duties of the subjects of family relationships shall be determined on the basis of the principle of justice, good faith, reasonableness and other general principles of law.\n\n\n3. Where there are no mandatory rules of law, also in the cases provided for by this Code and other laws, the subjects of family relationships may determine their rights and duties by mutual agreement in accordance with the principles established in paragraph 2 of this Article and Article 3.3 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.5. Implementation and protection of family rights\n\n\n1. Persons shall be free to implement and exercise their family rights at their own discretion, including the right to the protection of family rights. A waiver from a family right or its implementation shall not abolish the right, except in cases provided for by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. In exercising family rights and performing family duties, persons must comply with the law, respect the rules of community life, observe the principles of good morals and act in good faith.\n\n\n3. It shall be prohibited to abuse family rights, i. e. it shall be prohibited to exercise them in such a way and by such means which would violate or restrict other persons\u2019 rights or interests protected by law, or would inflict harm on other persons. If a person abuses a family right, the court may refuse to protect it.\n\n\n4. Family rights shall be protected by the court, institutions of guardianship and curatorship as well as other governmental or non-governmental bodies in the ways provided for by this Code. Courts and other institutions must seek that the parties to a dispute resolve their dispute peacefully by mutual agreement and must assist the parties in every possible way to reach such an agreement.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.6. Limitation period\n\n\n1. Claims arising from legal family relationships shall be subject to statutory limitations, except for the exemptions provided for in this Book.\n\n\n2. The procedure for the calculation, suspension, termination or restoration of limitation periods shall be stipulated in the rules of Book One of this Code unless this Book provides for different rules.\n\n \n\n\nPART II\n\nMARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\nFORMATION OF MARRIAGE"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "PART II\n\nMARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\nFORMATION OF MARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nAGREEMENT TO MARRY AND ITS LEGAL CONSEQUENCES\n\n \n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.7. Concept of marriage\n\n\n1. Marriage shall be a voluntary agreement between a man and a woman to establish a legal family relationship executed in accordance with the procedure provided for by law.\n\n\n2. A man and a woman who have registered their marriage in accordance with the procedure provided for by law shall be deemed to be spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.8. Agreement to marry (engagement)\n\n\n1. An agreement to marry shall not be binding and may not be enforced by coercion, although it may give rise to legal consequences set out in Articles 3.9 to 3.11 of this Code.\n\n\n2. An agreement to marry may be expressed orally or in writing.\n\n\n3. An application for the registration of marriage filed in accordance with the procedure laid down in the law regulating the registration of acts of civil status shall be deemed to be a public agreement to marry.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.9. Return of gifts"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.9. Return of gifts\n\n\n1. Where the engagement is terminated, both parties to the public agreement to marry shall have the right to demand that the other party return everything he or she has received from the other party as a gift in consideration of the intended marriage, except where the value of the gift is under three hundred euros or where the party who had received a gift died before the registration of the marriage and the marriage has not been contracted due to the death of one of the parties.\n\n\n2. Claims for the return of gifts shall be governed by the rules of Book Six of this Code regulating the relations pertaining to unjust enrichment or acquisition of assets not due.\n\n\n3. An action for the return of a gift may be brought within a limitation period of one year from the date of the refusal to enter into marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.10. Compensation for damages\n\n\n1. The party to the agreement to marry that has refused to contract the marriage without sufficient reason must compensate the other party for the losses incurred as a result of the failure to adhere to the agreement to marry.\n\n\n2. The damages shall include the actual expenses of the party in preparation to marry and the actual expenses incurred in the discharge of the obligations related to the intended marriage."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where a party refuses to marry due to substantive reasons that have emerged through the fault of the other party, the party at fault must pay damages in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.\n\n\n4. Claims for damages shall be subject to a limitation period of one year from the date of the refusal to enter into marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.11. Compensation for non-pecuniary damage\n\n\n1. Where the parties made a public agreement to marry, the party entitled to damages under Article 3.10 of this Code may also claim compensation for non-pecuniary damage.\n\n\n2. An action for compensation of non-pecuniary damage may be brought within a limitation period of one year from the date of the refusal to enter into marriage.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nCONDITIONS FOR CONTRACTING A MARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.12. Prohibition of same-sex marriage\n\nMarriage may be contracted only with a person of the opposite sex.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.13. Voluntary nature of marriage\n\n\n1. Marriage shall be contracted by a man and a woman of their own free will.\n\n\n2. Any threat, coercion, deceit or other lack of free will shall provide a basis for declaring the marriage null and void.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.14. Legal age of consent to marriage"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.14. Legal age of consent to marriage\n\n\n1. Marriage may be contracted by persons who by or on the date of contracting a marriage have attained the age of eighteen.\n\n\n2. At the request of a person who intends to marry before the age of eighteen, the court may, in a summary procedure, reduce for him/her the legal age of consent to marriage, but by no more than two years.\n\n\n3. In the case of pregnancy, the court may allow the person to marry before the age of sixteen.\n\n\n4. While deciding on the reduction of a person\u2019s legal age of consent to marriage, the court must hear the opinion of the minor\u2019s parents or guardians or curators and take into account his or her mental and psychological state, financial situation and other important reasons that require the reduction of the person\u2019s legal age of consent to marriage. Pregnancy shall provide an important ground for the reduction of the person\u2019s legal age of consent to marriage.\n\n\n5. In the process of deciding on the reduction of the legal age of consent to marriage, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must present its opinion on the advisability of the reduction of the person\u2019s legal age of consent to marriage and whether such a reduction is in the interests of the minor concerned.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.15. Active capacity"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.15. Active capacity\n\n\n1. A person who has, by a final court judgment, been declared legally incapable in this area may not enter into marriage.\n\n\n2. A person with limited legal capacity in this area may not enter into marriage without a written consent of the curator. Where the curator does not give his or her consent, the consent to contract a marriage may be given by the court at the request of a person with limited legal capacity in this area.\n\n\n3. Where it transpires that there is a case pending before a court for the declaration of one of the parties to an intended marriage to be legally incapable in this area, the registration of the marriage must be postponed until the judgment of the court in the case becomes final.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.16. Prohibition to violate the principle of monogamy\n\nA married person who has not terminated his or her marriage in accordance with the procedure laid down by law may not enter into another marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.17. Prohibition to contract a marriage between close relatives\n\nMarriage between parents and children, adopters and adoptees, grandparents and grandchildren, real or foster brothers and real or foster sisters, cousins, uncles and nieces, and aunts and nephews shall be prohibited.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nFORMATION OF MARRIAGE"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION THREE\n\nFORMATION OF MARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.18. FORMATION OF MARRIAGE\n\nMarriage shall be formed upon filing, by the intended spouses, an application to register a marriage and registering the marriage in accordance with the procedure laid down in the law regulating the registration of acts of civil status or in accordance with Article 3.24 of this Code.\n\n \n\nArticle 3.19. No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\nArticle 3.20. No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\nArticle 3.21. No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\nArticle 3.22. No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\nArticle 3.23. No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.24. Formation of religious marriages in accordance with the procedure established by the Church (confessions)\n\n\n1. A religious marriage shall be formed in accordance with the procedure established by the internal law (canons) of the respective religion.\n\n\n2. The formation of a marriage in accordance with the procedure established by the Church (confessions) shall entail the same legal consequences as the formation of a marriage in the register office in accordance with the procedure established by the law regulating the registration of acts of civil status provided that:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the conditions laid down in Articles 3.12 to 3.17 of this Code have not been violated;\n\n\n2) the marriage has been formed in accordance with the procedures established by the canons of a religious organisation registered in the Republic of Lithuania and recognised by the State;\n\n\n3) the formation of a marriage in accordance with the procedure established by the Church (confessions) has been recorded at the register office pursuant to the procedure established by the law regulating the registration of acts of civil status.\n\n\n3. Where a marriage has been formed in accordance with the procedure established by the Church (confessions), the religious community or religious association must, within ten days of the formation of this marriage, present to the local register office a notification, in the form prescribed by the Minister of Justice, of the religious marriage solemnised in accordance with the procedure established by the Church (confessions). In such a case, the marriage shall be deemed to have been contracted from the day of formation of the marriage in accordance with the procedure established by the Church (confessions)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Where a notification about the formation of a religious marriage in accordance with the procedure established by the Church (confessions) is not submitted within the time limit set in paragraph 3 of this Article, the marriage shall be deemed to have been contracted as of the day on which it was recorded at the register office.\n\n \n\nArticle 3.25. No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nLEGAL EFFECTS OF MARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.26. Equality of spouses\n\n\n1. Having contracted a marriage, the spouses shall acquire the rights and obligations defined in this Book.\n\n\n2. Spouses shall have equal rights and equal civil liability in respect of each other and their children in matters related to the formation, duration and termination of their marriage.\n\n\n3. Spouses may not waive, by mutual agreement, their rights or obligations arising under the law as a consequence of the marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.27. Duty of spouses to support each other\n\n\n1. Spouses must be loyal to and respect each other; they must also support each other morally and financially and contribute toward the common needs of the family or the needs of the other spouse in proportion to their respective capabilities."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where, due to objective reasons, one of the spouses is unable to make a sufficient contribution toward the common needs of the family, the other spouse must do so to the extent of his or her capabilities.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.28. Creation of a family relationship\n\nBy contracting a marriage, the spouses shall create a family relationship as a basis for their life together.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.29. Passive and active capacity of spouses\n\nMarriage shall not restrict the passive and active capacity of spouses; the possibility of the spouses to exercise certain rights may, however, be restricted by the marriage contract or the mandatory rules of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.30. Obligations of the spouses in respect of their children\n\nSpouses shall be obliged to maintain and bring up their children of minor age, take care of their education and health, ensure the child\u2019s right to personal life, inviolability of his or her personality and freedom, the child\u2019s property, social and other rights provided for by domestic and international law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.31. Surnames of the spouses\n\nBoth spouses shall have the right to retain their respective surnames or to choose the surname of the other spouse as their common surname or to have a double surname by adjoining the surname of the other spouse to one\u2019s own surname.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.32. Representation"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.32. Representation\n\n\n1. One spouse may authorise the other spouse to act in his or her name and represent him or her.\n\n\n2. Where certain acts require the consent of the other spouse, but he or she is unable tot give such consent for objective reasons, the court may, upon the interested spouse\u2019s request, authorise the performance of those acts. Before granting such authorisation, the court must satisfy itself that the consent of the other spouse is really unobtainable and that it is in the best interests of the family to grant such authorisation. The court\u2019s authorisation shall be valid only for the act specified in the court\u2019s order to be performed in the specified period of time. Where the court finds that the spouse\u2019s actions are contrary to the interests of the family or to those of the children of minor age, it may, on the application of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or the public prosecutor, amend or revoke the authorisation granted. The amendment or revocation of the authorisation shall be effective only from the date of the court\u2019s order to that effect. On the day of its adoption, such an order of the court must be sent to the Chamber of Notaries or, if the authorisation is related to the disposition of immovable property, to the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where one spouse has acted in the name of the other spouse without his or her permission or the authorisation of the court, such acts and their consequences shall be subject to the rules of Book Six of this Code regulating the management of another person\u2019s affairs without a mandate.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.33. Disputes of spouses relating to the discharge of their obligations or exercise of their rights\n\n\n1. Where the spouses are unable to agree as to the discharge of their obligations or the exercise of their rights, either of them shall have the right to apply to court for the resolution of their dispute.\n\n\n2. In resolving a dispute between the spouses, the court must take measures for the reconciliation of the spouses.\n\n\n3. The court must decide on the dispute between the spouses by taking account of the interests of their minor children and the interests of the family as a whole.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.34. Temporary restriction on the property rights of a spouse\n\n\n1. Where one of the spouses substantially violated his or her marital obligations provided for in this Book and poses a threat to the property interests of the family by his or her acts, the other spouse shall have the right to apply to court for an order prohibiting the other spouse from disposing of their matrimonial property without the consent of the other spouse. The term of such prohibition may not exceed two years."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Transactions which a spouse was not entitled to conclude without the consent of the other spouse may be declared null and void on the latter\u2019s action provided that the third person with whom the transaction was concluded acted in bad faith. Such an action may be brought within a limitation period of one year from the date on which the spouse became aware or ought to have become aware of the transaction.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.35. Rights and obligations of spouses in the household\n\n\n1. Neither spouse shall have the right, without the consent of the other spouse, to alienate, pledge or lease any movable thing used in the household or encumber the right to it in any other way.\n\n\n2. The movable property serving for the use of the household shall include household things and furniture, except for works of art, collections or home libraries.\n\n\n3. A spouse having neither consented to nor ratified such a transaction shall have the right to seek a declaration of its invalidity, except in cases where the transaction was by onerous title and the third party acted in good faith.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.36. Rights and obligations of spouses in respect of the dwelling considered to be family property"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.36. Rights and obligations of spouses in respect of the dwelling considered to be family property\n\n\n1. Where spouses live in a rented dwelling under a lease agreement, the spouse in whose name the dwelling is rented may not, without a written consent of the other spouse, terminate the lease agreement before its term, sublease it or transfer the rights under the lease agreement. The spouse having neither consented to nor ratified such a transaction shall have the right to seek a declaration of its invalidity.\n\n\n2. A spouse who is the sole owner of the family dwelling may not, without a written consent of the other spouse, alienate, pledge or lease this dwelling. The spouse having neither consented to nor ratified such a transaction shall have the right to seek a declaration of its invalidity provided that the disputed dwelling was registered in the public register as a family asset.\n\n\n3. The rules set out in paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article shall also apply in cases of usufruct (i. e. the right of using and receiving the profits, products or fruits of property that belongs to another) and contract of use.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nNULLITY OF MARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.37. Grounds and procedure for declaring marriage null and void"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.37. Grounds and procedure for declaring marriage null and void\n\n\n1. A marriage may be declared null and void where the conditions for the formation of a valid marriage set out in Articles 3.12 to 3.17 of this Code have been violated as well as on the grounds provided for in Article 3.39 and Article 3.40 of this Code or where one of the intended spouses failed to inform the other that he or she was suffering from a sexually transmitted disease or AIDS.\n\n\n2. A marriage may be declared null and void only by the court.\n\n\n3. A marriage that the court declares to be null and void shall be void ab initio.\n\n\n4. The court must send the judgment on the annulment of marriage by electronic means to the register office that has registered the marriage no later than on the next working day after the entry into force of the judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.38. Persons entitled to petition for a decree of nullity of marriage on the grounds of violation of the requirements for the formation of marriage\n\n\n1. A marriage formed in violation of the conditions for the formation of marriage set out in Article 3.16 and Article 3.17 of this Code may be declared null and void on the petition of the spouse who was not aware of the impediments to the marriage, a public prosecutor or any other person whose rights and legitimate interests have been violated by the marriage."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. A marriage formed in violation of the condition for the formation of marriage set out in Article 3.14 of this Code may be declared null and void on the petition of a minor spouse, his or her parents, guardians or curators, public institutions for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor. After the minor spouse attains the age of eighteen, he or she shall be the only person who may petition for a decree of nullity.\n\n\n3. A marriage formed in violation of the condition for the formation of marriage set out in Article 3.15 of this Code may be declared null and void on the petition of the guardian of the spouse legally incapable in this area, the curator of the spouse with limited legal capacity in this area, a public prosecutor or any other person whose rights and legitimate interests have been violated by the marriage.\n\n\n4. A marriage formed in violation of the condition for the formation of marriage set out in Article 3.13 of this Code may be declared null and void on the petition of the spouse who failed to express his or her free will at the time of the marriage or a public prosecutor. Where the spouse who failed to express his or her free will is a minor, the nullity of the marriage may be sought by his or her parents, guardians, curators or a state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. A judgment for the nullity of marriage on the grounds referred to in paragraph 3 Article 3.21 of this Code may be sought by the spouse who had not been informed of the other spouse\u2019s illness before the marriage was concluded.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.39. Nullity of a fictitious (\u2018sham\u2019) marriage\n\nA marriage formed fictitiously without the true intention of creating a legal family relationship may be declared null and void on the petition of either spouse or a public prosecutor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.40. Declaring a marriage null and void due to the lack of free will\n\n\n1. A marriage may be declared null and void on the petition of a spouse where the spouse proves that at the time of the marriage he or she was incapable of understanding the true meaning of his or her actions and controlling them.\n\n\n2. Nullity of marriage may be sought by a spouse if he or she entered into the marriage under threat, duress or fraud.\n\n\n3. A spouse who gave consent to the marriage in consequence of an essential mistake may seek the annulment of the marriage. The mistake shall be essential where the mistake was made due to the circumstances related to the other spouse, the knowledge of which would have been a sufficient reason for the spouse not to enter into the marriage. The mistake shall be presumed to be essential if it is about:"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the health condition or the sexual abnormality of the other spouse which makes the normal family life impossible;\n\n\n2) the grave crime committed by the other spouse.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.41. Bars to the nullity of marriage\n\n\n1. The court may refuse to declare a marriage null and void if the circumstances which had constituted an impediment to the marriage hereunder disappeared during the proceedings of the case.\n\n\n2. The court may refuse to declare a marriage contracted by a minor person null and void if the declaration of nullity of the marriage would be contrary to the interests of the minor children of the minor spouse or spouses.\n\n\n3. A marriage may not be declared to be a fictitious marriage if prior to the petition for nullity of the marriage the spouses had created a family relationship or had cohabited for over a year from the date of marriage or had given birth to or were expecting a child together.\n\n\n4. A marriage may not be declared null and void after divorce, except where the marriage had been contracted in violation of the monogamy principle or the marriage had been contracted with a close relative (Articles 3.16 and 3.17 of this Code)."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. A marriage which was contracted without the expression of a free will of one of the spouses may not be declared null and void if, after the formation of the marriage or after coming into light of the circumstances which give rise to grounds for declaring the marriage null and void, the spouses had cohabited for over a year or they had given birth to or were expecting a child together.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.42. Limitation period\n\n\n1. A spouse who entered into a marriage under the age of eighteen may petition for annulment of the marriage within a limitation period of one year from the date of his or her attaining full age.\n\n\n2. A petition for annulment of a marriage contracted without a free will may be presented within a limitation period of one year from the date on which the circumstances constituting the grounds for declaring the marriage null and void disappeared or transpired.\n\n\n3. A petition for annulment of a fictitious marriage may be presented within one year from the date on which the marriage was contracted. A public prosecutor may petition for annulment of a marriage on the grounds set out in Article 3.39 of this Code within five years from the date on which the marriage was contracted.\n\n\n4. Petitions for annulment of a marriage on other grounds shall be subject to no limitation periods.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.43. Legal separation of spouses and maintenance order"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.43. Legal separation of spouses and maintenance order\n\n\n1. In an effort to protect the legitimate interests of one of the spouses, the court may, circumstances permitting, order the spouses to separate pending the proceedings on the annulment of their marriage.\n\n\n2. When declaring a marriage null and void, the court must decide as to the maintenance of minor children and the spouse in good faith as well as establish the residence of minor children and shared parenting and contact arrangements with a separated parent.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.44. Extinguishment of the right to petition\n\n\n1. The right to petition for annulment of the marriage may not be devolved by succession or any other way.\n\n\n2. After the death of one of the spouses, a public prosecutor shall no longer be entitled to bring an action for annulment of the marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.45. Legal effects of marriage annulment\n\n\n1. Any children born of a marriage subsequently declared null and void by the court shall be treated as born in wedlock."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Any children born of a marriage subsequently declared null and void by the court shall be treated as born in wedlock.\n\n\n2. Where both spouses were in good faith, i. e. they were not aware, nor could have been aware, of the impediments to their marriage, the legal effects of their marriage, although it has been declared null and void, shall be the same as those of a valid marriage, except for the right of succession. Evidence of the good faith of the spouses must be indicated in the judgment of the court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.46. Legal effects of marriage annulment where one or both spouses were in bad faith\n\n\n1. With a null and void marriage where only one of the spouses was in good faith, the spouse in good faith shall be entitled to all the rights a spouse is entitled to by virtue of a valid marriage.\n\n\n2. With a null and void marriage where both spouses were in bad faith, the spouses shall lose the rights and duties spouses are entitled to by virtue of a valid marriage. Each of them shall have the right to recover their own property, including gifts to the other spouse.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.47. Rights of the spouse in good faith\n\n\n1. If in need of maintenance, the spouse in good faith shall have the right to petition for maintenance from the spouse in bad faith for a period not exceeding three years."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The amount of maintenance shall be determined by the court, taking into account the financial situation of both spouses. The court shall make a maintenance order for periodical monthly payments or a lump sum of a fixed amount. Where the financial situation of one of the spouses changes, the interested spouse may apply to court to have the maintenance increased, decreased or have maintenance claims terminated.\n\n\n3. A maintenance order to the spouse in good faith shall terminate automatically once the latter remarries or at the end of the three-year period during which the maintenance was paid.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.48. Mandatory participation of guardianship/curatorship institutions\n\nWhere one or both spouses are minors or have been declared legally incapable or of limited legal capacity in this area by a court judgment, guardianship/curatorship institutions or the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must attend the proceedings relating to the annulment of marriage of such persons and give their opinion as to whether or not the annulment of the marriage would prejudice the rights and interests of such persons or their children, except where the case is heard in court on the basis of an action brought by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IV\n\nDISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER IV\n\nDISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nFUNDAMENTALS OF DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.49. Cases of dissolution of marriage\n\n\n1. A marriage shall be dissolved by the death of one of the spouses or by termination in accordance with the procedure established by law.\n\n\n2. A marriage may be dissolved by mutual consent of both spouses, on the application of one of the spouses or through the fault of a spouse(s).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.50. Dissolution of marriage by the death of one of the spouses\n\n\n1. A marriage shall be dissolved by the death of one of the spouses or by a court declaration of presumed death of one of the spouses.\n\n\n2. Where one of the spouses is declared dead, the marriage shall be considered dissolved from the date on which the court declaration becomes final or from date of death of the person specified therein.\n\n\n3. Where the spouse who has been declared dead by the court turns up, the marriage may be renewed by mutual application of the spouses to be filed, after the annulment of the court\u2019s declaration of death, with the register office which registered the dissolution of the marriage."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. A marriage may not be renewed if the other spouse has remarried or there are impediments specified in Articles 3.12 to 3.17 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nDIVORCE BY MUTUAL CONSENT OF THE SPOUSES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.51. Conditions for obtaining divorce\n\n\n1. A marriage may be dissolved by mutual consent of the spouses provided all the following conditions have been satisfied:\n\n\n1) over a year has elapsed from the day on which the marriage was contracted;\n\n\n2) both spouses have made a contract in respect of the consequences of their divorce (property adjustment, maintenance payments for the children, etc.);\n\n\n3) both spouses have full active legal capacity in this area.\n\n \n\n\n2. In cases provided for in this Article, divorce shall be obtained under simplified procedures.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.52. Application for divorce\n\n\n1. A mutual application of the spouses for divorce shall be lodged with the court of a district where one of the spouses resides.\n\n\n2. The application must be accompanied by the contract in respect of the consequences of the divorce.\n\n\n3. The application must contain reasons why, in the spouses\u2019 view, the marriage has broken down.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.53. Divorce procedure"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.53. Divorce procedure\n\n\n1. The court shall grant a judgment of divorce if it is satisfied that the marriage has broken down irretrievably. A marriage shall be considered to have broken down irretrievably if the spouses no longer live together and it is not likely they will live together again.\n\n\n2. An irretrievable breakdown of a marriage shall be presumed if the spouses have been separated from bed and board for over a year.\n\n\n3. When granting a divorce decree, the court shall also approve the contract of the spouses in respect of the consequences of the divorce whereby the spouses agree on maintenance payments for their children of minor age and each other, the residence of minor children, shared parenting and child contact arrangements with a separated parent and their other property rights and obligations. The content of the contract shall be incorporated in the decree of divorce. In the case of a significant change in the circumstances (illness of one of the former spouses, incapacity for work, etc.), the former spouses or one of them may petition the court to reconsider the terms and conditions of their contract in respect of the consequences of divorce."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Where the contract in respect of the consequences of divorce is in conflict with the public order or substantially violates the rights and legitimate interests of the minor children of the spouses or of one of the spouses, the court shall not approve the contract and shall suspend the divorce proceedings until the spouses conclude a new contract. Where the spouses fail to comply with court instructions regarding the content of the contract within six months of the suspension of the proceedings, the court shall not resume the consideration of the application for divorce.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.54. Reconciliation of spouses\n\n\n1. The court must take measures to seek reconciliation of the spouses.\n\n\n2. At the request of one of the spouses or on its own initiative, the court may set a time limit of up to six months for the spouses to reconcile. In that event, the divorce proceedings shall be suspended. After the expiry of the time limit set by the court, the divorce proceedings shall be resumed at the request of one of the spouses.\n\n\n3. If neither of the spouses petitions for divorce within a year from the beginning of the reconciliation period, the court shall not resume the divorce proceedings."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Where the spouses have lived apart for over a year or the setting of a reconciliation period would be essentially contrary to the interests of one of the spouses or of their children, or where both spouses request a consideration of the merits of their case, the reconciliation period shall not be set.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nDIVORCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ONE OF THE SPOUSES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.55. Conditions for obtaining divorce\n\n\n1. A marriage may be dissolved on the application of one of the spouses filed with the court of the district where the applicant resides, if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:\n\n\n1) the spouses have been separated for over a year;\n\n\n2) after the formation of the marriage one of the spouses has been declared legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area by the court;\n\n\n3) one of the spouses has been declared missing by the court;\n\n\n4) one of the spouses has been serving a term of imprisonment for over a year for committing a non-premeditated crime."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4) one of the spouses has been serving a term of imprisonment for over a year for committing a non-premeditated crime.\n\n\n2. Where one of the spouses is legally incapable in this area, an application for divorce may be filed on his or her behalf by his or her guardian, a public prosecutor or a guardianship and curatorship institution. Where one of the spouses is of limited legal capacity in this area, he or she may file an application for divorce with the consent of the curator. Where the curator does not give his or her consent, the permission to file an application for divorce may be granted by the court at the request of the person with limited legal capacity in this area.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.56. Content of the application\n\n\n1. The application must contain one of the grounds for divorce under paragraph 1 of Article 3.55 of this Code.\n\n\n2. The application must also indicate the ways the applicant is going to fulfil his or her obligations towards the other spouse and their minor children.\n\n\n3. The application must also contain the data provided for in the Code of Civil Procedure.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.57. Examination of the application\n\n\n1. A spouse\u2019s application for divorce shall be examined in a simplified procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A spouse\u2019s application for divorce shall be examined in a simplified procedure.\n\n\n2. Where divorce proceedings are commenced on the application of one of the spouses, the reconciliation measures referred to in Article 3.54 of this Code shall not apply.\n\n\n3. Having regard to the age of one of the spouses, the duration of the marriage and the interests of the spouses\u2019 minor children, the court may refuse to grant a divorce decree if the divorce would cause significant pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage to one of the spouses or their minor children.\n\n\n4. The other spouse or his or her guardian shall have the right to declare that the marriage has broken down through the applicant\u2019s fault and demand that the court grant divorce on the basis of the applicant\u2019s fault. Where the court considers the declaration to be well grounded, divorce shall be granted on the basis of the fault of the spouse who initiated the divorce proceedings (Article 3.60 of this Code).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.58. Mandatory participation of guardianship/curatorship institutions\n\nWhere one of the spouses is legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area, a guardianship/curatorship institution must present its opinion to the court on how to safeguard the property rights of the spouse who is legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area following the divorce."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.59. Matters to be resolved by the court in granting a divorce\n\nIn granting a divorce, the court must establish the residence of minor children of the spouses and shared parenting and child contact arrangements with a separated parent as well as deal with the issues related to the maintenance of the spouses\u2019 minor children, the maintenance of one of the spouses and the division of their community property, except in cases where the property has been divided under a notarised mutual agreement of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nDIVORCE ON THE BASIS OF THE FAULT OF ONE OR BOTH OF THE SPOUSES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.60. Conditions for divorce\n\n\n1. A spouse may apply for divorce on the grounds provided for in this Section where the marriage has, in fact, broken down through the fault of the other spouse.\n\n\n2. The fault of a spouse for the breakdown of the marriage shall be established if he or she has seriously breached the duties as a spouse set out in this Book, which is the reason why their matrimonial life has become impossible."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. A marriage shall be presumed to have broken down through the fault of the other spouse where he or she has been convicted of a pre-meditated crime or has committed adultery or is violent toward the other spouse or other members of the family or has deserted the family and has not taken any care of it for over a year.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.61. Both spouses at fault\n\n\n1. The respondent in a divorce suit may argue against his or her fault and adduce facts to prove that the other spouse is at fault for the breakdown of the marriage.\n\n\n2. Having regard to the circumstances of the case, the court may declare that both parties are at fault for the breakdown of the marriage.\n\n\n3. A divorce based on the fault of both spouses shall have the same consequences as the dissolution of marriage by mutual consent of the spouses (Articles 3.51 to 3.54 of this Code).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.62. Divorce procedure\n\n\n1. A divorce on the basis of the fault of one of the spouses shall be granted by the court under contentious procedure.\n\n\n2. At the request of one of the spouses, divorce proceedings shall be held in a closed hearing.\n\n\n3. Divorce proceedings shall be subject, mutatis mutandis, to Article 3.59 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Divorce proceedings shall be subject, mutatis mutandis, to Article 3.59 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.63. Omission of the specific causes of a divorce from the court judgment\n\nAt the request of both spouses, the court, in granting a divorce, shall omit the specific facts evidencing the fault of one or both of the spouses for the dissolution of the marriage from the judgment and merely indicate that the marriage has broken down through the fault of one or both of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.64. Reconciliation of spouses\n\n\n1. The court must take measures to seek reconciliation of the spouses.\n\n\n2. The court must propose that the spouses reach an amicable settlement of their property matters and issues related to the maintenance and residence of their minor children, shared parenting, and child contact arrangements with a separated parent as well as other consequences of divorce. If the spouses reach an agreement, paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 3.53 of this Code shall apply.\n\n\n3. The court shall apply measures provided for in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 3.54 of this Code, except in cases where the application of those measures may be detrimental to the interests of the applicant or those of the minor children of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.65. Provisional protection measures"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.65. Provisional protection measures\n\n\n1. Having regard to the interests of the spouses\u2019 children as well as the interests of one of the spouses, the court may make orders for provisional protection measures pending the outcome of the divorce suit.\n\n\n2. The court may make the following orders for provisional protection measures:\n\n\n1) to order one of the spouses to live separately;\n\n\n2) to establish the residence of minor children with one of the parents;\n\n\n3) to order one of the spouses to refrain from impeding access for the other spouse to certain property;\n\n\n4) to issue a maintenance order in favour of the minor children or the other spouse;\n\n\n5) to seize property until its ownership by one of the spouses is determined or in order to enforce maintenance payments;\n\n\n6) to seize the property of one of the spouses the value of which could be used to compensate for the litigation costs to the other spouse;\n\n\n7) to prohibit one of the spouses from having contact with his or her minor children or visiting certain places;\n\n\n8) other measures deemed necessary by the court.\n\n \n\n \n\n\nSECTION FIVE\n\nLEGAL EFFECTS OF DIVORCE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.66. Moment of the dissolution of marriage\n\n\n1. A marriage shall be considered to be dissolved on the date when the divorce judgment becomes final."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. A marriage shall be considered to be dissolved on the date when the divorce judgment becomes final.\n\n\n2. The court must send the divorce judgment electronically to the register office that has registered the marriage no later than on the next working day after the entry into force of the judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.67. Consequences of divorce to the property rights of the spouses\n\n\n1. Legal consequences of divorce to the property rights of the spouses shall be produced from the moment of the commencement of divorce proceedings.\n\n\n2. A spouse other than the one determined to be at fault for the breakdown of the marriage may request the court to rule that the legal consequences of divorce to the property rights of the spouses were produced from the day of their actual separation.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.68. Invalidation of transactions concluded after the commencement of the divorce proceedings\n\nTransactions related to the joint community property of the spouses concluded by one of the spouses after the commencement of the divorce proceedings may be invalidated by the court in an action brought by the other spouse provided the other spouse can prove that the transaction was concluded with the aim of prejudicing his or her property rights while the third party was in bad faith.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.69. Surnames of former spouses\n\n\n1. Upon divorce, a spouse may retain his or her married surname or the surname he or she had before the marriage."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Upon divorce, a spouse may retain his or her married surname or the surname he or she had before the marriage.\n\n\n2. Where a marriage is dissolved on the basis of the fault of one of the spouses, the court may, at the request of the other spouse, prohibit the spouse at fault from retaining his or her married surname, except in cases where the spouses have children in common.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.70. Legal consequences of a divorce on the basis of the fault of one of the spouses\n\n\n1. Where a divorce is granted on the basis of the fault of one of the spouses, the spouse at fault shall lose the rights of a divorcee under the law or under the marriage contract, including the right to maintenance.\n\n\n2. The other spouse shall have the right to claim, from the spouse responsible for the breakdown of the marriage, damages related to the divorce as well as compensation for non-pecuniary damage done by the divorce. This provision shall not apply where both spouses are responsible for the breakdown of the marriage.\n\n\n3. At the request of the other spouse, the spouse at fault for the breakdown of the marriage must return the gifts received from him/her, except for the wedding ring unless the marriage contract provides otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Where both spouses are responsible for the breakdown of the marriage, both of them shall have the right to demand the return of gifts of immovable property given to each other unless more than ten years have elapsed from the deed of gift and the immovable property has been transferred to third parties.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.71. Retention of the right to use the matrimonial dwelling\n\n\n1. Where the matrimonial dwelling is owned by one of the spouses, the court may make a usufruct order and allow the other spouse to live in the matrimonial dwelling if their minor children remain to live with him/her after the divorce.\n\n\n2. The usufruct order shall be valid until the child (children) attain majority.\n\n\n3. Where the matrimonial dwelling is rented, the court may award the rights of the lessee to the spouse that remains to live with their minor children or that lacking capacity for work and may evict the other spouse if he or she has been ordered to live separately.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.72. Mutual maintenance of the former spouses"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.72. Mutual maintenance of the former spouses\n\n\n1. When making a divorce judgment, the court shall also make a maintenance order in favour of the former spouse in need of maintenance unless the matters of maintenance are settled in the contract of the spouses in respect to the consequences of divorce. A spouse shall have no right to maintenance if his or her assets or income are sufficient to fully support him or her.\n\n\n2. Maintenance shall be presumed to be necessary if the spouse is bringing up a minor child of the marriage or is incapacitated for work because of his or her age or state of health.\n\n\n3. A spouse who was not able to obtain any qualifications for work (complete his or her studies) because of the marriage, common interests of the family or the need to care for the children shall have the right to demand from the former spouse to cover the costs related to the completion of his or her studies or retraining.\n\n\n4. The spouse responsible for the breakdown of the marriage shall have no right to maintenance.\n\n\n5. While making a maintenance order and deciding on its amount, the court must take into account the duration of the marriage, the need for maintenance, the financial situation of both of the former spouses, their state of health, age, capacity for work, the possibility of the unemployed spouse of finding employment and other important circumstances."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. The amount of maintenance shall be reduced, made temporary or refused if at least one of the following circumstances exist:\n\n\n1) the marriage lasted for a period not exceeding one year;\n\n\n2) the spouse entitled to maintenance has committed a crime against the other spouse or his or her next of kin;\n\n\n3) the spouse entitled to maintenance has created his or her difficult financial situation through his or her own irresponsible acts;\n\n\n4) the spouse requesting maintenance did not contribute to the growth of their community property or wilfully prejudiced the interests of the other spouse or the family during the marriage.\n\n\n7. The court may require the spouse obliged to provide maintenance to the other spouse to produce an adequate guarantee of fulfilment of this obligation.\n\n\n8. Maintenance shall be ordered as a lump sum of a fixed amount or periodical monthly payments or the award of certain property.\n\n\n9. Where the marriage is dissolved on the application of one of the spouses due to the other spouse\u2019s legal incapacity in this area or limitation of legal capacity in this area, the spouse at whose initiative the marriage has been dissolved must cover the treatment and care expenses of the former spouse who is legally incapable or of limited legal capacity in this area unless the expenses are covered from state social security funds."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "10. The maintenance order shall be the basis for the statutory pledge (hypothec) of the respondent\u2019s assets. If the former spouse defaults on his or her obligation to pay maintenance, his or her assets shall be used to make payments in accordance with the procedure laid down by law.\n\n\n11. Where the maintenance order is issued for periodical payments, a significant change in the circumstances referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article may warrant the application of either of the former spouses for an increase, reduction or termination of maintenance payments. Periodical payments shall be for life of the creditor and shall be inflation-indexed annually in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Government.\n\n\n12. Where the former spouse obliged to pay maintenance dies, the obligation to pay maintenance shall be devolved on his or her successors to the extent of his or her estate, irrespective of the way the estate is accepted."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "13. Where the former spouse receiving maintenance dies or remarries, the payment of maintenance shall be terminated. In the event of death of the former spouse receiving maintenance, the right to claim arrears or outstanding maintenance payments shall pass to the successors of the deceased person. The dissolution of the new marriage shall create the right to demand the renewal of maintenance payments provided that the spouse in need of maintenance is bringing up a child by his or her former spouse or is caring for a disabled child by his or her former spouse. In all other cases, the duty of the subsequent spouse to maintain the other spouse shall take precedence over that of the former spouse.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nLEGAL SEPARATION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.73. Application for legal separation\n\n\n1. One of the spouses may apply to court for the approval of legal separation if due to certain circumstances, although not dependent on the other spouse, their life together has become intolerable (impossible) or can seriously prejudice the interests of their minor children or the spouses are no longer interested in living together.\n\n\n2. Both spouses may jointly apply to court for the approval of their legal separation if they have made a contract in respect of the consequences of their legal separation thereby providing for the residence, maintenance and shared parenting of their minor children, as well as for the division of their community property and mutual maintenance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.74. Counter-claims"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.74. Counter-claims\n\n\n1. The defendant in a separation case shall have the right to lodge a counter-claim for divorce.\n\n\n2. The defendant in a divorce case shall have the right to lodge a counter-claim for legal separation.\n\n\n3. Where one of the spouses seeks a divorce while the other spouse applies for legal separation, the court may make a divorce order on the basis of the fault of one or both of the spouses or it may make a separation order.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.75. Procedure for legal separation\n\n\n1. The court shall examine applications for legal separation in the contentious procedure.\n\n\n2. Having regard to the interests of the minor children of the spouses as well as to the interests of one of the spouses, the court must take measures to seek reconciliation of the spouses (Article 3.54 of this Code).\n\n\n3. The court may, if necessary, order provisional protection measures referred to in Article 3.65 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.76. Matters to be resolved in making a separation judgment\n\n\n1. When making a separation judgment, the court must establish the spouse with whom the minor children of the spouses are to live, as well as resolve issues related to the maintenance of the children and shared parenting and child contact arrangements with a separated parent."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where there are compelling reasons, the court may temporarily establish the residence of the children with other persons or in a child guardianship/curatorship institution.\n\n\n3. In deciding which of the spouses should retain the right to live in their matrimonial dwelling, priority must be given to the spouse with whom the minor children are to live or to the spouse lacking capacity for work.\n\n\n4. Where the spouses have made a contract in respect of the consequences of legal separation (paragraph 2 of Article 3.73 of this Code), the court shall approve the contract provided that it is consistent with public order or does not substantially prejudice the rights and legitimate interests of the minor children or of one of the spouses. Having approved the contract, the court shall incorporate its content in the separation judgment.\n\n\n5. If, after the entry into force of the court judgment, there is a substantial change in the circumstances significant for the matters related to the legal separation of the spouses, either spouse may seek the reconsideration of the previous judgment and a different resolution of matters referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, in the light of the substantial change in the circumstances.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.77. Legal consequences of separation\n\n\n1. When the court makes a separation judgment, it shall release the spouses form the obligation to live together, but other rights and obligations of the spouses shall not be extinguished, except in cases provided for in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Legal separation shall not produce any effects on the rights and obligations of the spouses in respect of their minor children, except in cases provided for in this Code.\n\n\n3. When making a separation judgment, the court must, in all cases, decide on the matters related to the division of the community property of the spouses unless those matters are settled in the marriage contract of the spouses.\n\n\n4. The legal consequences of separation for the property interests of the spouses shall be produced from the initiation of the separation proceedings. However, the spouse other than the one declared by the court to be at fault for the legal separation may request the court to make the legal consequences of separation retroactive to the date on which the spouses actually ceased to live together.\n\n\n5. Where one of the separated spouses dies, the survivor shall retain all the rights of a surviving spouse under the law, except where the surviving spouse has been declared by the court to be at fault for the legal separation. The same rule shall also apply where the court makes a separation order on the basis of the joint application of the spouses unless the marriage contract of the spouses stipulates otherwise. However, the surviving spouse shall lose the right of succession to the property of the deceased spouse.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.78. Mutual maintenance of the spouses"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.78. Mutual maintenance of the spouses\n\n\n1. When issuing a separation order, the court may order the spouse at fault for the legal separation to pay maintenance to the other spouse in need of maintenance unless the matters of maintenance are settled in the contract concluded by the spouses.\n\n\n2. While making a maintenance order and deciding on its amount, the court must take into account the duration of the marriage, the need for maintenance, the financial situation of both of the spouses, their state of health, age, capacity for work, the possibility of the unemployed spouse of finding employment and other important circumstances.\n\n\n3. The court may rule that the spouse obliged to pay maintenance to the other spouse must provide a security that the obligation will be fulfilled.\n\n\n4. Maintenance shall be ordered as a lump sum of a fixed amount or periodical monthly payments or the award of certain property.\n\n\n5. The maintenance order shall be the basis for the statutory pledge (hypothec) of the respondent\u2019s assets. Where a spouse defaults on his or her obligation to provide maintenance, his or her assets shall be used to make payments in accordance with the procedure laid down by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. Where maintenance has been ordered in the form of periodical payments, a significant change in the circumstances referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article may warrant the application of either of the spouses for an increase, reduction or termination of the maintenance payments. Periodical payments shall be indexed annually in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Government.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.79. End of legal separation\n\n\n1. Legal separation shall end when the spouses resume living together and their life together proves their intention to live together permanently. Legal separation shall end when the court issues a judgment granting a joint application by the spouses on ending their legal separation and revoking its previous separation order.\n\n\n2. On the resumption of their life together, the property of the spouses shall remain separate until they make a new marriage contract and set a new matrimonial property regime.\n\n\n3. The end of legal separation shall produce legal effects for third parties only if the spouses make a new marriage contract and register it in accordance with the procedure provided for in Article 3.103 of this Code.\n\n\n4. Where the spouses are separated for more than one year after the date when the court judgement became final, either spouse may seek divorce on the basis provided for in point 1 of paragraph 1 of Article 3.55 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.80. Mandatory participation of the state institution for the protection of the rights of the child\n\nWhere the spouses have children of minor age, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must participate in the proceedings and present its conclusion on the possible violation of the children\u2019s rights in taking decisions on separation matters.\n\n \n\n\nPART III\n\nRIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE SPOUSES IN PROPERTY\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VI\n\nLEGAL REGIME OF MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.81. Kinds of matrimonial property regimes\n\n\n1. There shall be statutory and contractual matrimonial property regimes.\n\n\n2. The statutory matrimonial property regime shall be governed by Articles 3.87 to 3.100 of this Code.\n\n\n3. The contractual matrimonial property regime shall be governed by Articles 3.101 to 3.108 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.82. Application of the statutory matrimonial property regime\n\nWhere the spouses have not concluded a marriage contract, their property shall be subject to the statutory matrimonial property regime.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.83. Right of the spouses to determine their matrimonial property regime under the marriage contract"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.83. Right of the spouses to determine their matrimonial property regime under the marriage contract\n\n\n1. When concluding a marriage contract, the spouses shall have the discretion to determine their matrimonial property regime.\n\n\n2. Provisions of a marriage contract contradicting the mandatory statutory provisions, good morals or public order shall be null and void.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.84. Family assets\n\n\n1. Any assets referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article owned by either spouse before or during the marriage shall be considered to be family assets. Family assets must be used only to meet the needs of the family.\n\n\n2. The following assets owned by one or both spouses shall be family assets:\n\n\n1) the family dwelling;\n\n\n2) movables intended for the use in the household, including furniture.\n\n\n3. Family assets shall also include the right to use the family dwelling.\n\n\n4. Assets referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall acquire the legal status of family assets on the date of the registration of marriage, but the spouses may use this fact in respect of third parties in good faith only if an immovable thing is registered in the public register as a family asset.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.85. Legal regime of family assets"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.85. Legal regime of family assets\n\n\n1. Assets referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 3.84 of this Code, which are the personal property of one of the spouses, may be used, managed or disposed of only in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Article.\n\n\n2. The spouse who is the owner of an immovable thing considered to be a  family asset may transfer the ownership rights to it, charge it or encumber the rights to it in any other way only with the written consent of the other spouse. Where the spouses have minor children, transactions in respect of an immovable thing considered to be a family asset shall be subject to judicial authorisation.\n\n\n3. Family assets may not be used against creditors\u2019 claims if the creditors knew or ought to have known that the transaction is not related to meeting the needs of the family and is contrary to the interests of the family.\n\n\n4. The legal regime of family assets or the composition of the family assets may not be changed by an agreement of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.86. End of the legal regime of family assets\n\n\n1. The legal regime of family assets shall end upon divorce, declaration of nullity of the marriage or legal separation of the spouses."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The legal regime of family assets shall end upon divorce, declaration of nullity of the marriage or legal separation of the spouses.\n\n\n2. The court may award the right to use family assets or part thereof (usufruct) to the spouse with whom the minor children of the marriage are to live. The usufruct shall be valid until the children attain majority.\n\n\n3. Where the spouses rented a family dwelling, the court may transfer the lessee rights to the spouse with whom the minor children are to live or to the spouse lacking capacity for work.\n\n\n4. The court may award the household utensils intended for the use in the household to the spouse who remains to live in the family dwelling together with the minor children.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nSTATUTORY MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY REGIME\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.87. Substance of the statutory matrimonial property regime\n\n\n1. Under the statutory matrimonial property regime, the property acquired by the spouses after the commencement of their marriage shall be their joint community property.\n\n\n2. The property of spouses shall constitute their joint community property until the property is separated or until the extinguishment of the joint community property rights in any other way.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.88. Joint community property\n\n\n1. Joint community property shall be:"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.88. Joint community property\n\n\n1. Joint community property shall be:\n\n\n1) property acquired after the formation of marriage in the name of one or both of the spouses;\n\n\n2) income and fruits collected from the individual property of a spouse;\n\n\n3) income derived from the joint activities of the spouses, and income derived from the activities of one of the spouses, except for the funds required for that spouse\u2019s occupation;\n\n\n4) an enterprise and income derived from the operations of the enterprise or any other business provided that the spouses took up such business activities after the commencement of the marriage. Where before the marriage the enterprise was owned by one of the spouses, the joint community property after the marriage shall include the income derived from the operations of the enterprise or any other business and the increase in the value of the enterprise (business);\n\n\n5) income from the work or intellectual activities, dividends, pensions, benefits or other payments collected by both spouses or one of them after the commencement of the marriage, except for payments received for specific purposes (such as damages for moral or corporal injury, support, allowance or other benefits paid specifically to only one of the spouses, etc.).\n\n\n2. Property shall be presumed to be joint community property until it is proved that it is the individual property of one of the spouses."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Property shall be presumed to be joint community property until it is proved that it is the individual property of one of the spouses.\n\n\n3. Both spouses must be indicated as the owners of the joint community property in the public register. Where the property is registered in the name of only one spouses, it shall be considered to be joint community property provided it is indicated in the register as joint community property.\n\n\n4. Where a private pension fund has been accumulated from the joint financial resources of the spouses, in the event of divorce, the other spouse shall have the right to claim one half of the pension fund.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.89. Individual property of the spouses\n\n\n1. The individual property of spouses shall consist of:\n\n\n1) property acquired separately by each spouse before the commencement of the marriage;\n\n\n2) property devolved to a spouse by succession or gift during the marriage unless the will or the deed of gift indicates that the property is devolved as joint community property;\n\n\n3) a spouse\u2019s personal effects (footwear, clothing, instruments required for the spouse\u2019s occupation);\n\n\n4) the rights to intellectual or industrial property, except for the income derived from those rights;\n\n\n5) funds and things required for the personal business of one of the spouses, other than the funds and things used in the business conducted jointly by both spouses;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6) damages and compensation payments received by one of the spouses for non-pecuniary damage or personal injury, payments as financial aid for specific purposes and other benefits related specifically to only one of the spouses, rights that may not be transferred;\n\n\n7) property acquired by the spouse for personal resources or for funds obtained from the sale of his or her individual property, where at the time of acquisition of that property the spouse\u2019s will to acquire the property into his or her personal property was explicitly expressed.\n\n\n2. The fact that certain property is the separate individual property of one of the spouses may be proved only by written evidence, except in cases where the law permits the testimony of witnesses or the nature of the property constitutes sufficient proof of it being the separate individual property of one of the spouses.\n\n\n3. Individual property that one of the spouses transfers to the temporary possession of the other spouse to meet the latter\u2019s personal needs shall remain the separate individual property of the transferor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.90. Declaration of individual property to be joint community property\n\n\n1. The court may declare the individual property of one of the spouses to be joint community property where it is established that during the marriage the property was fundamentally improved with the joint funds of the spouses or with the funds of or due to the work of the other spouse (major repairs, reconstruction, redevelopment, etc.)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where a spouse used both his or her separate individual resources and the funds owned jointly with the other spouse to acquire property for his or her own personal needs, the court may declare the property so acquired to be joint community property provided the value of the joint community funds used to acquire such property exceeded the value of the separate individual funds of the spouse so expended.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.91. Enterprise (farm, business)\n\nProperty required for the operation of an enterprise (farm, business) established by one of the spouses after the formation of the marriage as well as the income of the enterprise (farm, business) established by one of the spouses before the formation of the marriage, except for the funds required for the operation of the spouse\u2019s personal enterprise (farm, business) shall be joint community property provided that the property exists or the income is generated at the moment of divorce.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.92. Management, use and disposal of joint community property\n\n\n1. Joint community property shall be used, managed and disposed of by mutual agreement of the spouses.\n\n\n2. The consent of the other spouse shall not be required for:\n\n\n1) the acceptance or rejection of a succession;\n\n\n2) the refusal to enter into a contract;\n\n\n3) urgent measures to protect the community property;\n\n\n4) bringing an action to protect the joint community property;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) urgent measures to protect the community property;\n\n\n4) bringing an action to protect the joint community property;\n\n\n5) bringing an action to protect one\u2019s rights related to community property or one\u2019s personal rights unrelated to the interests of the family.\n\n\n3. When concluding transactions, a spouse shall be presumed to have the consent of the other spouse, except in cases where entering into a transaction requires a written consent of the other spouse. In exceptional cases, where delay would cause substantial damage to the interests of the family while the other spouse is unable to express his or her consent due to illness or other objective reasons, a spouse may enter into a transaction without the consent of the other spouse in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2 of Article 3.32 of this Code.\n\n\n4. Transactions related to the disposal or encumbrance of jointly co-owned immovable property or rights in rem in the joint community property, transactions related to the transfer of a jointly co-owned enterprise or rights to it, as well as transactions related to the transfer or the encumbrance of the securities or rights therein may be made only by both spouses, except where one of the spouses has been given the power of attorney by the other spouse to enter into such a transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Each spouse shall have the right to open a bank deposit account in his or her name without the consent of the other spouse and to dispose freely of the funds on the account unless those funds have been made joint community property.\n\n\n6. Where a transaction has been concluded without the consent of the other spouse, that other spouse may ratify the transaction within a month of the date when he or she learnt about the transaction. Before its ratification, the other party may withdraw from the transaction. If the other spouse does not ratify the transaction within a month, the transaction shall be deemed to have been concluded without the consent of the other spouse. If the other party to the transaction knew that the person with whom it was entering into the transaction was married, it can withdraw from the transaction only if the spouse had falsely stated that the consent of the other spouse existed.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.93. Authorisation to enter into a transaction\n\n\n1. Where one spouse does not give the other spouse the consent to enter into a transaction for which the consent of the spouse is required, the interested spouse may apply to court for judicial authorisation to enter into such a transaction.\n\n\n2. The court shall award judicial authorisation to enter into a transaction only if the interested spouse proves that the transaction is necessary to meet the needs of the family or the needs of their jointly co-owned business."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.94. Power of attorney to manage property\n\n\n1. A spouse may grant a power of attorney to the other spouse to manage, use and dispose of their joint community property.\n\n\n2. Where one of the spouses is away or cannot participate in the management of the community property for important reasons, the other spouse may apply to court for judicial authorisation to manage such property alone.\n\n\n3. Where the spouse is negligent or unreasonable and careless in managing joint community property alone, he or she shall be liable for the losses sustained through his or her fault and must compensate for them against his or her individual property.\n\n\n4. Management of property shall be governed mutatis mutandis by the rules of Book Four of this Code regulating the management of property owned by another person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.95. Challenging the competence of managing joint community property\n\n\n1. Where one spouse is unable to manage community property or does that in a way that incurs losses, the other spouse may apply to have the court remove the spouse from managing the property. The court shall grant the requested removal if the applicant proves that it is necessary to ensure the needs of the family or those of their joint business.\n\n\n2. Once the grounds for removal disappear, the removed spouse may request the court to allow him/her to manage the community property again.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.96. Avoidance of transactions"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.96. Avoidance of transactions\n\n\n1. Transactions concluded without the consent of the other spouse and subsequently not ratified by him/her may be avoided in an action brought by the non-consenting spouse within a year of the date when he or she learnt about the transaction provided it is proved that the other party to the transaction was in bad faith.\n\n\n2. Transactions for the conclusion of which the written consent of the other spouse is required or which could only have been concluded jointly by both spouses (paragraph 4 of Article 3.92 of this Code) may be declared void irrespective of the other party to the transaction being in good or bad faith, except in cases where one or both of the spouses used fraud in concluding the transaction or made misrepresentations to institutions in charge of public registers or to any other institutions or officials. In such cases, the transaction may be declared void only if the other party to the transaction was in bad faith.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.97. Management of the individual property of a spouse\n\n\n1. A spouse shall use, manage or dispose of his or her individual property at his or her own discretion. Management, use or disposal of property defined in this Code as family assets shall be subject to the restrictions laid down in this Book."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where a spouse manages his or her individual property in such a negligent or unreasonable way that it endangers the interests of the family because the property may be lost or substantially reduced, the other spouse shall have the right to apply to court for the appointment of an administrator for the management of such property. The court may appoint the applicant to be the administrator.\n\n\n3. After the circumstances leading to the appointment of an administrator disappear, either spouse may apply to court to have the appointment of an administrator revoked.\n\n\n4. A spouse shall have the right to grant a power of attorney to the other spouse to manage his or her individual property. In such a case, the mutual relations of the spouses in property shall be subject to the rules of Book Two of this Code regulating legal agency relationships.\n\n\n5. Where one spouse is unable to manage alone his or her individual property and contribute to the needs of the household due to an illness or any other objective reason, the other spouse shall have the right to use the individual funds and assets of the spouse who is unable to manage alone his or her property for the needs of the household. This rule shall not apply in cases where the spouses are separated or an administrator has been appointed for the individual property of the spouse unable to manage it alone and make a contribution towards meeting the needs of the household.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.98. Entitlement to compensation"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.98. Entitlement to compensation\n\n\n1. Where the value of the joint community property is increased by adding the individual property of one of the spouses, the spouse the addition of whose property has increased the value of the joint community property shall be entitled to compensation against the community property.\n\n\n2. A spouse shall be entitled to compensation also in cases when his or her individual resources have been used for the acquisition of joint community property.\n\n\n3. Each of the spouses must compensate for the reduction of the joint community property if he or she has used it for purposes unrelated to fulfilling the obligations referred to in Article 3.109 of this Code, except in cases where he or she proves that the property has been used to satisfy the needs of the family.\n\n\n4. The compensations referred to in this Article shall be paid on the termination of the spouses\u2019 joint community property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.99. Gifts of the spouses\n\n\n1. Spouses shall have the right to make gifts of assets to each other in accordance with the rules of Book Six of this Code regulating deeds of gift.\n\n\n2. A deed of gift of an immovable shall give rise to legal consequences for the creditors of the donor only after the deed of gift has been registered in a public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The beneficiary spouse shall be liable to the creditors of the donor for the obligations of the donor that existed at the time the deed of gift was made, but only to the extent of the value of the gift. Where the gift is lost through no fault of the beneficiary spouse, his or her liability for the obligations of the donor shall be extinguished.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.100. Grounds for termination of joint community property of the spouses\n\nJoint community property of the spouses shall be terminated on the following grounds:\n\n\n1) upon the death of one of the spouses;\n\n\n2) upon the declaration of one of the spouses dead or missing by the court;\n\n\n3) upon the declaration of nullity of the marriage;\n\n\n4) upon divorce;\n\n\n5) upon legal separation;\n\n\n6) upon the judicial division of the community property;\n\n\n7) upon the change of the legal regime of property by mutual agreement of the spouses;\n\n\n8) in other cases provided for by law.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nCONTRACTUAL MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY REGIME\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.101. Marriage contract\n\nA marriage contract shall mean an agreement of the spouses defining their property rights and obligations during the marriage as well as upon divorce or separation.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.102. Making a marriage contract"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.102. Making a marriage contract\n\n\n1. A marriage contract may be made before the registration of the marriage (pre-nuptial contract) or at any time after the registration of the marriage (post-nuptial contract).\n\n\n2. A marriage contract made before the registration of the marriage shall come into effect on the day of the registration of the marriage. A post-nuptial contract shall come into effect from the moment of its conclusion unless the contract provides otherwise.\n\n\n3. A minor may enter into a marriage contract only after the registration of the marriage.\n\n\n4. A spouse declared by the court to be of limited legal capacity in this area may enter into a marriage contract only with a written consent of his or her curator. If the curator does not give his or her consent, the consent to conclude a marriage contract may be granted by the court at the request of the spouse.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.103. Form of a marriage contract\n\n\n1. A marriage contract must be entered into before the notary public."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.103. Form of a marriage contract\n\n\n1. A marriage contract must be entered into before the notary public.\n\n\n2. A marriage contract as well as amendments thereto must be registered in the Register of Marriage Settlements. The data controller of the Register of Marriage Settlements shall be the Ministry of Justice, and the data processor of the Register shall be designated by the Government. The data of the Register of Marriage Settlements shall be processed in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the Register of Marriage Settlements. A marriage contract may be amendment only subject to judicial authorisation. Amendments to the marriage contract shall have no retroactive effect.\n\n\n3. A marriage contract and its amendments may be used against third parties provided the marriage contract and its amendments have been registered in the Register of Marriage Settlements. This rule shall not apply where at the time of the conclusion of the transaction the third parties knew of the marriage contract and its amendments.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.104. Content of a marriage contract\n\n\n1. Spouses shall have the right to stipulate in the marriage contract that:\n\n\n1) property acquired both before and during the marriage shall be the individual property of each spouse;\n\n\n2) individual property acquired by each spouse before the marriage shall become joint community property after the registration of the marriage;\n\n\n3) property acquired during the marriage shall be partial community property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) property acquired during the marriage shall be partial community property.\n\n\n2. In their marriage contract the spouses may stipulate that one of the matrimonial property regimes referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply to the entire property or only to a certain part of it or only to specific things.\n\n\n3. In their marriage contract the spouses may define a matrimonial property regime both in respect of their existing and future property.\n\n\n4. In their marriage contract the spouses may stipulate rights and obligations related to the management of property, mutual maintenance, participation in the provision for family needs and expenses as well as the procedure for dividing property in the event of divorce and other matters related to the mutual property relations between the spouses.\n\n\n5. The rights and obligations of the spouses provided for in their marriage contract may be limited in time, or the emergence or termination of rights and obligations may be related to the fulfilment or omission of a certain condition stipulated in the marriage contract.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.105. Nullity of conditions in a marriage contract\n\nConditions stipulated in a marriage contract shall be null and void where they:\n\n\n1) contradict the mandatory legislative rules, good morals and public order;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) contradict the mandatory legislative rules, good morals and public order;\n\n\n2) change the legal regime in respect of the individual property of one of the spouses or in respect of their joint community property (Articles 3.88 and 3.89 of this Code), where the matrimonial legal regime the spouses have chosen provides for joint community property;\n\n\n3) violate the principle of equal parts in joint community property enshrined in Article 3.117 of this Code;\n\n\n4) restrict the passive or active legal capacity of the spouses;\n\n\n5) regulate the personal relations of the spouses unrelated to property;\n\n\n6) establish or change the personal rights and obligations of the spouses towards their children;\n\n\n7) limit or annul the right of one/both of the spouses to maintenance;\n\n\n8) limit or annul the right of one/both of the spouses to bring legal proceedings in court;\n\n\n9) change the procedure and conditions of succession in property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.106. Amendments to and termination of a marriage contract\n\n\n1. A marriage contract may be amended or terminated by mutual agreement of the spouses at any time and in the same form as the one laid down for its conclusion."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. An amendment to a marriage contract or its termination may be used against third parties provided the amendment or termination of the marriage contract has been registered in the Register of Marriage Settlements. This rule shall not apply where at the time of the conclusion of the transaction the third parties knew of the amendment to the marriage contract or its termination.\n\n\n3. At the request of one of the spouses, the marriage contract may be amended or terminated by a court judgment where there are grounds for the amendment of the marriage contract or its termination provided for in Book Six of this Code.\n\n\n4. The creditors of one or both of the spouses whose rights have been violated by the amendment of the marriage contract or its termination shall have the right, within a year of becoming aware of the amendment or termination of the marriage contract, to challenge in court such an amendment or termination and demand the restoration of the violated rights.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.107. Termination of a marriage contract\n\nA marriage contract shall terminate upon divorce or separation, except in respect of the obligations which, under the marriage contract, remain in force following divorce or separation. The termination of a marriage contract shall be registered in the Register of Marriage Settlements.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.108. Nullity of a marriage contract"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.108. Nullity of a marriage contract\n\n\n1. In addition to the grounds provided for in Article 3.105 of this Code, a marriage contract may be declared null and void, in whole or in part, also on the grounds for nullity of transactions provided for in Book One of this Code.\n\n\n2. At the request of one of the spouses, the court may declare a marriage contract null and void, in whole or in part, where the marriage contract substantially violates the principle of equality of the spouses and is especially unfavourable to one of the spouses.\n\n\n3. The creditors of one or both of the spouses shall have the right to demand that the marriage contract be declared null and void on the grounds of its fictitious nature.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VII\n\nCIVIL LIABILITY OF SPOUSES\n\nFOR OBLIGATIONS IN PROPERTY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.109. Obligations discharged from community property\n\n\n1. The following obligations shall be discharged from the community property of the spouses:\n\n\n1) obligations related to the encumbrances of property acquired in co-ownership that existed at the time of acquisition or were created later;\n\n\n2) obligations related to the costs of managing community property;\n\n\n3) obligations related to the maintenance of the household;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2) obligations related to the costs of managing community property;\n\n\n3) obligations related to the maintenance of the household;\n\n\n4) obligations related to the reimbursement of legal expenses where the lawsuit is related to community property or the interests of the family;\n\n\n5) obligations arising from transactions concluded by one of the spouses with the consent of the other spouse or ratified by the latter subsequently as well as obligations arising from transactions for which no consent of the other spouse was required provided that the transactions were concluded in the interests of the family;\n\n\n6) joint and several obligations of the spouses.\n\n\n2. Either spouse shall have the right to enter into transactions necessary to maintain the family household and to secure the upbringing and education of the children. Both spouses shall be jointly and severally liable for the obligations arising from such transactions irrespective of their matrimonial property regime, except in cases where the price of the transaction is clearly too high and unreasonable.\n\n\n3. Joint and several liability of the spouses shall not arise where one of the spouses, without the consent of the other spouse, takes a loan or acquires goods under credit purchase, which is not necessary for the needs of the family.\n\n\n4. In assuming and discharging obligations related to the needs of the family, the spouses must be as prudent and careful as in assuming and discharging their own personal obligations."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.110. Liability of spouses for obligations created prior to the registration of marriage\n\n\n1. Community property may not be used to discharge the obligations of spouses created prior to the registration of marriage, except those charged against the relevant spouse\u2019s share in community property.\n\n\n2. The claims of the spouses\u2019 common creditors to be discharged from community property shall take precedence over the claims of the separate creditors of each spouse. This rule shall not apply to mortgage creditors.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.111. Obligations arising from deeds of gift or succession\n\nWhere one of the spouses receives a gift or comes into inheritance, the obligations arising therefrom may not be paid from community property unless the gift or the inheritance has been received as community property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.112. Liability for the obligations of one of the spouses\n\n\n1. Claims arising from the transactions concluded after the registration of marriage by one of the spouses without the consent of the other spouse may be discharged from community property if the individual property of the spouse is not sufficient to satisfy the claims of the creditors.\n\n\n2. Legal expenses shall be paid from the individual property of a spouse where the lawsuit is not related to community property or the interests of the family."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.113. Enforcement against the individual property of spouses\n\nWhere the community property is not sufficient to meet the joint and several claims of creditors, the claims shall be settled from the individual property of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.114. Separation of the liability of spouses\n\n\n1. Where the marriage contract stipulates that property acquired both before and during the marriage is to be treated as the individual property of one and the other spouse, the spouses shall be liable for their obligations only by their individual property. In such cases, the spouses shall be jointly and severally liable for their joint obligations and the obligations in the interests of the family.\n\n\n2. Spouses shall not be held to be each other\u2019s guarantors or surety in obligations arising in the management, use or disposal of property that is the individual property of one and the other spouse.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.115. Entitlement to compensation\n\n\n1. The spouse whose fines for breaches of law or damages incurred through his or her actions have been paid from the joint community property shall be obliged to compensate for the reduction of the joint community property.\n\n\n2. Where a transaction was concluded to meet the personal needs of only one of the spouses by using joint community property, that spouse shall be obliged to compensate for the reduction of the joint community property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER VIII\n\nDIVISION OF JOINT COMMUNITY PROPERTY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.116. Ways of division\n\n\n1. On the application of one of the spouses or their creditors, joint community property may be divided by mutual agreement of the spouses or by a court judgment during the marriage and upon divorce or separation.\n\n\n2. The rules of this Chapter shall apply where the spouses have not concluded a mutual agreement on the division of community property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.117. Shares of the spouses in joint community property\n\n\n1. The shares of the spouses in joint community property shall be presumed to be equal.\n\n\n2. Departure from the principle of equality of the shares of the spouses in joint community property shall be permitted only in cases provided for in this Code.\n\n\n3. Where the value of the property awarded by the court to one of the spouses exceeds his or her share in the joint community property, that spouse shall be obliged to pay compensation to the other spouse. Upon the presentation of an adequate security for this liability, the court may defer the payment of the compensation for a period not exceeding two years.\n\n\n4. Upon the death of one of the spouses, his or her share in the joint community property shall be inherited according to the rules of Book Five of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.118. Balance of property"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.118. Balance of property\n\n\n1. Before dividing the joint community property of the spouses, first the community property and the respective individual property of the spouses shall be established.\n\n\n2. The community property must be used first to pay (award) the debts that have fallen due and are payable from this property. Where the time limit for meeting the liabilities from the community property has not expired or the liabilities are disputed, the value of the community property to be divided shall be reduced by the amount equal to these liabilities (debts).\n\n\n3. After establishing the individual property of the spouses and deducing their personal debts from it, a balance sheet of compensations shall be drawn up, indicating the amounts one and the other spouse must pay by way of compensating for the community property or receive from the community property.\n\n\n4. Where the balance of community property is positive, it shall be divided equally between the spouses, except in cases provided for in this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.119. Assessment of the value of property\n\nThe value of the community property to be divided shall be established at its market value on the date of the termination of the joint community property of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.120. Property not to be divided"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.120. Property not to be divided\n\n\n1. Property to be divided shall not include things intended for the needs of the minor children of the marriage or the spouses\u2019 clothing, personal effects, personal property rights and non-property rights related only to that particular spouse.\n\n\n2. Property intended to meet the needs of the minor children referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall go, without deducing any compensations, to the spouse with whom the minor children are to live, while the remaining part of the property of personal nature shall go to one and the other spouse.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.121. Attribution of individual property to joint community property\n\n\n1. By mutual consent of the spouses, property defined as the individual property of the spouses in the marriage contract may be attributed to the joint community property subject to division.\n\n\n2. Arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be prohibited if they may cause damage to the creditors of the spouse. Where, due to such arrangements between the spouses, the claims of the creditor cannot be fully covered from the individual property of a spouse, the debt shall be charged against the spouse\u2019s share in the community property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.122. Security for the claims to a share in the community property\n\nAt the request of one of the spouses or spouses\u2019 creditors, the court may seize the joint community property of the spouses or to appoint an administrator for the property if that is necessary to protect the interests of the spouses in the community property or the rights of their creditors. These measures shall not apply where the other spouse submits an adequate security for the claims of the spouse requesting the seizure of the property or the appointment of an administrator or for the claims of the creditors.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.123. Departure from the principle of equality of the shares of the spouses in the community property\n\n\n1. Having regard to the interests of the minor children, the state of health or the financial situation of one of the spouses or other important circumstances, the court may depart from the principle of equality of the spouses\u2019 shares in the community property and award one of the spouses a greater share of the property. These criteria must also be taken into consideration by the court in deciding on the way of division of the community property.\n\n\n2. The share of the community property of the spouse obliged to make maintenance payments to the other spouse may be reduced by the amount of the maintenance where the maintenance is awarded in the form of a lump sum of a fixed amount or certain property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where, less than a year before the institution of the action for the division of the property, one of the spouses reduced the value of the community property without the consent of the other spouse by donating some of it or by using it to increase his or her own individual property, the share belonging to this spouse in the community property may be reduced while establishing the respective shares of the spouses in the community property by the value of the community property that was lost.\n\n\n4. The share of one of the spouses in the community property may also be reduced by the amount of income unrealised due to the spouse\u2019s negligence or because he or she concealed the income from the family and used it for his or her personal needs. The period for which such unrealised income is calculated may not exceed the last five years preceding the institution of the action for the division of property before court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.124. Division of property by a court judgment without divorce\n\nWhere one of the spouses has been declared incapable or of limited legal capacity in a certain area, or where he or she manages the community property at a loss or his or her actions jeopardise the joint community property of the spouses or the interests of the family, or where he or she, without any justified reason, fails to contribute to the needs of the family, the other spouse shall have the right to bring an action seeking division of the property."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.125. Registration of division of property\n\nThe agreement of the parties or the court judgment whereby the joint community property of the spouses is divided must be registered in the Register of Marriage Settlements.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.126. Guarantees of the rights of the creditors\n\n\n1. The creditors of one or both of the spouses shall have the right to join the action for the division of joint community property as third parties and present their individual claims.\n\n\n2. In his or her application for the division of property, the spouse must indicate the creditors of one or both of the spouses he or she is aware of and notify the creditors of the institution of the action by sending them a copy of the application.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.127. Property to be divided\n\n\n1. The court shall divide the property the spouses acquired as joint community property before the institution of the proceedings or before the adoption of the court judgment.\n\n\n2. On the application of one of the spouses, the court may decide to divide only the property acquired jointly before the separation of the spouses."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. If possible, the property shall be divided in kind, having regard to its value and the share of each spouse in the community property. Where the property cannot be divided in kind between the spouses, it shall be awarded in kind to one of the spouses, who is ordered to compensate for the other spouse\u2019s share in money. The decision on the ways the property is to be divided and the actual division of property in kind shall be taken having regard to the interests of the minor children, the state of health and the financial situation of one of the spouses as well as to other important circumstances.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.128. Mutual obligations of spouses after the division of property without divorce\n\n\n1. The spouse upon whose application the property has been divided must contribute, in so far as possible, to the maintenance of the household and the upbringing and education of the children.\n\n\n2. Where the other spouse is unable, for objective reasons, to contribute to the maintenance of the household and the upbringing and education of the children, all such expenses must be covered by the spouse upon whose application the property has been divided.\n\n\n3. When dividing the property, the court may award an amount of money from one spouse to the other to be used for the repayment of the outstanding debts of the marriage to the third parties."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.129. Limitation period for actions\n\nClaims for the division of joint community property, except for immovables, shall be subject to a limitation period of five years from the date of the separation of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nPART IV\n\nMUTUAL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF CHILDREN AND PARENTS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IX\n\nCONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.130. Concept of consanguinity\n\n\n1. Consanguinity shall mean a relationship by blood of persons descended from the same stock or a common ancestor.\n\n\n2. Consanguinity shall give rise to legal consequences only in cases provided for by law.\n\n\n3. Relationships between adopted children (and their descendants) and their adoptive parents (and their kindred) shall be treated as consanguinity.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.131. Lines of consanguinity\n\nTwo lines of consanguinity \u2013 direct and collateral consanguinity \u2013 shall be distinguished.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.132. Direct consanguinity\n\n\n1. Direct consanguinity shall mean the relation subsisting between the ancestor and the descendants in the direct line from one of the other (great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, etc.)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Consanguinity upwards from the descendant to the ancestor shall be the direct ascending line (grandchildren, children, parents, grandparents, etc.).\n\n\n3. Consanguinity downwards from the ancestor to the descendant shall be the direct descending line (grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, etc.).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.133. Collateral consanguinity\n\nCollateral consanguinity shall mean the relation subsisting between persons who have the same ancestors, but who do not descend one from the other (siblings, cousins, uncles or aunts, nephews and nieces, etc.).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.134. Degree of consanguinity\n\n\n1. A degree of consanguinity shall be measured by the number of births that link relatives, excluding the birth of the common ancestor(s).\n\n\n2. Only the degrees of consanguinity laid down by law shall give rise to legal consequences.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.135. Close relatives\n\nClose relatives shall include persons related by direct consanguinity up to the second degree of consanguinity inclusively (parents and children, grandparents and grandchildren) and persons in the second degree of kinship by collateral consanguinity (siblings).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.136. Affinity"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.136. Affinity\n\n\n1. Affinity shall mean a relationship that exists, as a result of marriage, between one of the spouses and the kindred of the other spouse (stepson, stepdaughter, stepfather, stepmother, father-in-law, mother-in-law, daughter-in-law, etc.) as well as between the kindred of both spouses (the husband\u2019s brother or sister and the wife\u2019s brother or sister, the husband\u2019s father and mother and the wife\u2019s father or mother, etc.).\n\n\n2. Affinity shall give rise to legal consequences only in cases provided for by law.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER X\n\nFILIATION\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL BASIS FOR FILIATION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.137. Legitimate filiation of a child\n\n\n1. Legitimate filiation of a child shall be proved in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 3.138 to 3.140 of this Code.\n\n\n2. The mutual rights and duties of a child and his or her parents shall be based on the legitimate filiation of the child.\n\n\n3. A child\u2019s legitimate filiation from the parents shall be proved from the date of birth and shall create the respective statutory rights and duties from that date."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.138. Proof of legitimate filiation\n\nThe parents of a child shall be proved by the record of birth, made in accordance with the procedure laid down in the law regulating the registration of acts of civil status.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.139. Maternal filiation\n\n\n1. A woman indicated in a birth certificate of a child shall be entered as the child\u2019s mother in the record of birth.\n\n\n2. A birth certificate of a child shall be drawn up by a health care institution in accordance with the procedure established by the Government. According to the birth certificate of the child, the mother of the child shall be the woman in respect of whom there is no doubt that it was she who gave birth to the child.\n\n\n3. Where the record of a child\u2019s birth contains no data on the child\u2019s mother or where the maternity of the child has been successfully contested, the child\u2019s mother may be established by the court in an action filed by the woman who considers herself to be the child\u2019s mother, by the adult child, by the child\u2019s father or guardian/curator or by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.140. Paternal filiation"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.140. Paternal filiation\n\n\n1. Where a married woman gives birth to a child, although the child has been conceived before the marriage, the spouse of the child\u2019s mother shall be identified as the child\u2019s father in the record of the child\u2019s birth.\n\n\n2. Where a child is born within 300 days of the date of separation or the annulment of the marriage or divorce or the death of the husband, the former spouse of the child\u2019s mother shall be recognised as the child\u2019s father.\n\n\n3. Where a mother who contracted a new marriage within 300 days of the dissolution of her previous marriage gives birth to a child, the new spouse of the mother shall be considered to be the child\u2019s father.\n\n\n4. Where an unmarried woman gives birth to a child more than 300 days after the dissolution of her previous marriage, the man who has acknowledged his paternity in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Book or whose paternity has been established by a court judgment may be entered as the child\u2019s father in the record of the child\u2019s birth."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Where a divorced mother gives birth to a child within 300 days of the divorce, the child\u2019s mother, her former spouse and the man who acknowledges his paternity of the child shall have the right to file a joint application seeking that the man who acknowledges his paternity of the child be identified as the child\u2019s father. After the court approves such a joint application, the man who acknowledges his paternity of the child rather than the former spouse of the child\u2019s mother shall be entered in the record as the child\u2019s father.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF PATERNITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.141. Conditions for the acknowledgement of paternity\n\n\n1. Where the record of a child\u2019s birth contains no data on the child\u2019s father, the paternity of the child may be established on the basis of the application of the man who considers himself to be the father of the child.\n\n\n2. Where a child is born to a married mother or a child is born within 300 days of the dissolution of the marriage, the paternity of the child may be established on the basis of an application, provided the paternity of the present or former spouse of the mother has been successfully contested.\n\n\n3. If paternity established on the basis of an application acknowledging paternity has been contested, establishment of paternity on another application acknowledging paternity shall be inadmissible."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. There shall be no limitation period applicable to acknowledgement of paternity.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.142. Procedure for acknowledging paternity\n\n\n1. The man who considers himself to be the father of a child together with the mother of the child shall have the right to refer to a notary public for approval of an application acknowledging paternity.\n\n\n2. Where a child has attained the age of ten, an application for acknowledging paternity may be approved only with a written consent of the child.\n\n\n3. Where the person acknowledging paternity is a minor, the approval of an application acknowledging paternity shall require the written consent of the minor\u2019s parents, guardians or curators. Where the parents, guardians or curators refuse to give their consent, such a leave may be handed down by the court at the minor\u2019s request.\n\n\n4. An application acknowledging paternity may not be approved without the consent of a child who is of full age.\n\n\n5. A notary public must send an application acknowledging paternity to a local register office electronically no later than on the next working day after the approval of the application.\n\n \n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.143. Acknowledgement of paternity before a child\u2019s birth"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.143. Acknowledgement of paternity before a child\u2019s birth\n\n\n1. Where there are circumstances that will prevent the man who considers himself to be the father of a child conceived but not yet born from applying to a notary public for the acknowledgement of paternity after the birth of the child, he and the child\u2019s future mother may apply to a notary public for the approval of the application acknowledging paternity during the period of pregnancy.\n\n\n2. An application acknowledging paternity before a child\u2019s birth shall be accompanied by a certificate of pregnancy issued by a medical institution.\n\n\n3. Where, before a child\u2019s birth, the child\u2019s mother marries the man who has filed an application acknowledging paternity of the child or another man, the paternity of the child may not be proved after the birth of the child on the basis of that application.\n\n\n4. Where a child\u2019s mother or the man withdraws an application acknowledging paternity which is approved in accordance with the procedure laid down by this Article before the birth of the child is recorded with a register office, the child\u2019s paternity on the basis of that application shall not be registered.\n\n\n5. A notary public must send electronically an application acknowledging paternity or an application withdrawing acknowledgement of paternity to a local register office no later than on the next working day after the approval of the application."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.144. Acknowledgement of paternity without the consent of a child\u2019s mother\n\n\n1. Where a child\u2019s mother is dead, legally incapable in this area or otherwise unable to file together with the child\u2019s father a joint application acknowledging paternity, or the parents or guardians/curators of the man who considers himself to be the father of the child, but who is a minor, legally incapable or of limited legal capacity in this area refuse to recognise his paternity, or a child who has attained the age of ten does not give his or her written consent, the application acknowledging paternity may be considered a valid basis for the registration of paternity if the court approves the application.\n\n\n2. In examining an application acknowledging paternity, where a child\u2019s mother is dead, legally incapable in this area or otherwise unable to file a joint application with the man who considers himself to be the father of the child, the court must require that the child\u2019s father adduce evidence proving his paternity of the child.\n\n\n3. An application acknowledging paternity may not be approved without the consent of a child who is of full age.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.145. Examination of an application acknowledging paternity\n\n\n1. The court shall examine an application acknowledging paternity in accordance with the simplified procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The court shall examine an application acknowledging paternity in accordance with the simplified procedure.\n\n\n2. No later than on the next working day after the entry into force of a court judgment approving an application acknowledging paternity, the court must send this judgment electronically to the register office that has registered the birth of a child.\n\n\n3. Where an application acknowledging paternity is contested by the parents or guardians/curators of the man who considers himself to be the father of the child, but who is a minor, legally incapable or of limited legal capacity in this area, the application shall be submitted to the court to be examined in contentious proceedings.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF PATERNITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.146. Conditions for establishment of paternity\n\n\n1. Where a child is born to an unmarried mother and in the absence of acknowledgement of paternity, paternity may be established by the court.\n\n\n2. Where a child is born to a married woman or the child\u2019s paternal filiation has been proved on the basis of an application acknowledging the child\u2019s paternity, establishment of paternity shall be possible only after successfully contesting the data on the child\u2019s father contained in the record of the child\u2019s birth.\n\n\n3. Paternity of a deceased person may be established only if the person had offspring."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Paternity of a deceased person may be established only if the person had offspring.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.147. Persons entitled to apply for establishment of paternity\n\n\n1. Where a child is born to an unmarried mother or the data on the father contained in the record of the child\u2019s birth have been successfully contested, an action for establishment of paternity may be filed by the man considering himself to be the father of the child. The child and the child\u2019s mother shall act as defendants in such an action.\n\n\n2. If a child\u2019s father refuses to acknowledge his paternity by an application acknowledging paternity or if a child\u2019s father is dead, an action for establishment of paternity may be filed by the child\u2019s mother or the child after having attained full legal capacity or the child\u2019s guardian/curator or a state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or the descendants of a deceased child.\n\n\n3. No later than on the next working day after the entry into force of a judgment on establishment of paternity, the court shall send this judgment electronically to the register office that has registered the birth of a child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.148. Grounds for establishing paternity"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.148. Grounds for establishing paternity\n\n\n1. Grounds for establishing paternity shall be scientific evidence (conclusions of expert examinations on consanguinity determination) and other means of proof provided for in the Code of Civil Procedure. If the parties refuse to undergo expert examination, a child\u2019s paternity may be established on the basis of facts that have a sufficient evidential value, such as cohabitation between the child\u2019s mother and the presumed father of the child, their joint participation in the upbringing and maintenance of the child and other evidence.\n\n\n2. If the defendant refuses expert examination, the court, having regard to the circumstances of the case, may treat such a refusal as proof of the defendant\u2019s paternity of the child.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nCONTESTING PATERNITY OR MATERNITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.149. Conditions for contesting paternity or maternity\n\n\n1. Data on the mother or father of a child contained in the record of the child\u2019s birth may be contested only in court.\n\n\n2. Data on the mother or father of a child entered in the record of the child\u2019s birth on the basis of a final judgment having legal effect may not be contested.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.150. Grounds for contesting paternity or maternity"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.150. Grounds for contesting paternity or maternity\n\n\n1. The paternity of a child born to a married couple or within 300 days of the dissolution of marriage may be contested only by proving that the person cannot be the father of the child.\n\n\n2. The maternity or paternity of a child acknowledged on the basis of an application acknowledging paternity may be contested only by proving that the child\u2019s mother or father is not the biological parent of the child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.151. Persons entitled to file an action for contesting paternity or maternity\n\n\n1. Actions for contesting paternity or maternity may be filed by a person entered in the record of the child\u2019s birth as the child\u2019s mother or father, or a person who, although not recorded as the child\u2019s mother or father in the record of the child\u2019s birth, considers himself the mother or the father of the child, or the parents or guardians/curators of the minor entered in the record of the child\u2019s birth as the child\u2019s father, or a child who is of full age, or a minor on attaining full legal capacity.\n\n\n2. Where a child\u2019s mother or father is legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area, an action for contesting maternity or paternity may be filed by his or her guardians/curators."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. An action for contesting paternity of a deceased man may be filed by his descendants if the person recorded as the child\u2019s father died within the limitation period provided for in Article 3.152 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.152. Limitation period\n\n\n1. The limitation period for filing an action for contesting paternity or maternity shall be one year. The period shall be calculated from the day on which the plaintiff became aware of the disputed data in the record of the child\u2019s birth or on which certain circumstances giving reason to believe that the data are false transpired.\n\n\n2. Where the persons entered in the record of the child\u2019s birth as a child\u2019s mother or father became aware of such a record at the time when they were minors or legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area, the one-year limitation period shall be calculated from the day on which they attained full age or full legal capacity in this area.\n\n\n3. No later than on the next working day after the entry into force of the judgment on the annulment of paternity or maternity, the court must send this judgment electronically to the register office that has registered the birth of a child."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.153. Mandatory participation of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights\n\nIn hearing disputes over contesting of paternity or maternity or over establishment of paternity or maternity, the participation of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall be mandatory.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FIVE\n\nARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.154. Legal regulation of artificial insemination\n\nThe conditions, mode, procedures of artificial insemination as well as matters related to paternity or maternity of a child born from artificial insemination shall be regulated by other laws.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XI\n\nPARENTS\u2019 RIGHTS AND DUTIES IN RESPECT OF THEIR CHILDREN\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nPARENTAL AUTHORITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.155. Substance of parental authority\n\n\n1. Until they attain majority or emancipation, children shall be cared for by their parents.\n\n\n2. Parents shall have the right and the duty to properly bring up and care for their children, care for their health, maintain them and, having regard to their physical and mental state, create favourable conditions for their full and harmonious development in order to prepare the child for an independent life in society.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.156. Equality of parental authority"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.156. Equality of parental authority\n\n\n1. The father and the mother shall have equal rights and duties in respect of their children.\n\n\n2. Parents shall have equal rights and duties in respect of their children irrespective of whether a child was born to a married or unmarried couple, after divorce or judicial nullity of the marriage or separation and irrespective of whether the child\u2019s domicile is determined by a court judgment awarded in favour of one of the parents.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.157. Representation of children\n\n\n1. Legally incapable minor children shall be represented by their parents under the law, except where the parents have been declared legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area by a court judgment and in other cases specified in this Code.\n\n\n2. Guardians/curators shall represent minor children upon presentation of a document confirming representation.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.158. Authority of minor parents\n\n\n1. Minor parents with full legal capacity shall have all personal rights and duties in respect of their children.\n\n\n2. Minor parents who are legally incapable or of limited legal capacity shall have the right to live together with their child and be involved in the child\u2019s upbringing. In such cases, a guardian/curator shall be appointed for the child in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Book."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. On attaining majority or full legal capacity, parents shall acquire all the rights and duties in respect of their children.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.159. Mandatory exercise of parental authority\n\n\n1. A father\u2019s or mother\u2019s surrender of the rights and duties in respect of his or her minor children shall be null and void.\n\n\n2. Parents shall be jointly and equally responsible for the upbringing and care of their children.\n\n\n3. Parental authority may not be used contrary to the interests of a child.\n\n\n4. Failure to exercise parental authority shall be subject to liability under the law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.160. End of parental authority\n\n\n1. Parental rights and duties shall end when a child attains majority or full legal capacity.\n\n\n2. In certain cases, taking into consideration the child\u2019s interests, parental authority may be restricted temporarily or indefinitely or the child may be separated from the parents in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Book.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nCHILDREN\u2019S RIGHTS AND DUTIES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.161. Children\u2019s rights\n\n\n1. Every child shall have the inalienable right to life, healthy development and a name and surname from birth.\n\n\n2. A child shall have the right to know his parents unless that prejudices his interests or the law provides otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. A child shall have the right to know his parents unless that prejudices his interests or the law provides otherwise.\n\n\n3. A child shall have the right to live with his parents, be brought up and cared for in his parents\u2019 family, have contact with his parents irrespective of whether the parents live together or separately and have contact with his relatives unless that prejudices the child\u2019s interests.\n\n\n4. Children shall have no ownership rights to the property of their parents and the parents shall have no ownership rights to the property of their children. Children\u2019s property rights shall be defined in this Book and the other Books of this Code.\n\n\n5. Children born to unmarried parents and children born to married parents shall have equal rights.\n\n\n6. Children\u2019s rights shall not be affected by their parents\u2019 divorce, separation or nullity of marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.162. Children\u2019s duties\n\nChildren shall owe respect to their parents and perform their duties to their parents diligently.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.163. Assurance of children\u2019s rights\n\n\n1. The rights of minor children shall be assured by their parents.\n\n\n2. The rights of children deprived of parental care shall be assured by the guardian/curator in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Book."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where decisions relating to a minor child give rise to a conflict of interest between the child and his parents or guardian/curator or between the parents of the child, the court may appoint, ex officio or at the request of either of the parents or guardian/curator of the child or the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights, an ad hoc guardian to represent the child in a specific dispute. The procedure for selecting the ad hoc guardian shall be established by the Government or an institution authorised by it. The rules of Chapters XVII and XVIII of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the activities of the ad hoc guardian.\n\n\n4. After a minor attains full legal capacity, the protection of his rights shall be his own responsibility.\n\n\n5. If the parents or guardians/curators abuse their children\u2019s rights, measures to assure the children\u2019s rights may be taken by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.164. Involvement of a minor in the assurance of his rights"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.164. Involvement of a minor in the assurance of his rights\n\n\n1. In considering any issue related to a child, the child, if capable of formulating his views, must be heard directly or, where that is impossible, through a representative. Any decisions on such an issue must be taken with regard to the child\u2019s wishes unless they are contrary to the child\u2019s interests. In making a decision on the appointment of a child\u2019s guardian/curator or on a child\u2019s adoption, the child\u2019s wishes must be given paramount consideration.\n\n\n2. If a child considers that his parents abuse his rights, the child shall be entitled to apply to the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or, on attaining the age of fourteen, to bring the matter before the court.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nPERSONAL PARENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.165. Substance of personal parental rights and duties\n\n\n1. Parents shall have the right and duty to bring up their children; they shall be responsible for their children\u2019s upbringing and development, their health and spiritual and moral guidance. Parents shall have priority over other persons in performing these duties.\n\n\n2. Parents must create conditions for their children to study during their statutory school age."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Parents must create conditions for their children to study during their statutory school age.\n\n\n3. Parents shall decide all matters related to the upbringing of their children by mutual agreement. In case of disagreement of the parents, the disputed matter shall be resolved by the court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.166. Giving a child a name\n\n\n1. Every child shall be given a name by his parents.\n\n\n2. A child may be given two names.\n\n\n3. A child shall be given a name(s) by mutual agreement of the parents. Where the mother and the father fail to agree on the child\u2019s name, the child shall be given a name by a judicial order.\n\n\n4. When registering the birth of a child whose parents\u2019 identity is not known, the child shall be given a name by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.167. Giving a child a surname\n\n\n1. Every child shall be given his parents\u2019 surname."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.167. Giving a child a surname\n\n\n1. Every child shall be given his parents\u2019 surname.\n\n\n2. Where the surnames of a child\u2019s parents differ, the child shall be given, by parental agreement, the mother\u2019s or the father\u2019s surname or a double surname consisting of the surnames of the father and the mother. Where the mother and the father fail to agree on the child\u2019s surname, the child shall be given a surname by a judicial order.\n\n\n3. When registering the birth of a child whose parents\u2019 identity is not known, the child shall be given a surname by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n4. The grounds and procedures for changing a child\u2019s name or surname shall be established by the Minister of Justice.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.168. Child\u2019s residence\n\n\n1. A minor child\u2019s residence shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Book Two of this Code.\n\n\n2. A child may not be separated from his parents against his will, except in cases provided for in this Book.\n\n\n3. Parents shall have the right to demand the return of their children from any person who keeps them against the law or a court judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.169. Child\u2019s residence where the parents are separated"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.169. Child\u2019s residence where the parents are separated\n\n\n1. Where the parents are separated, a child\u2019s residence shall be determined by mutual agreement of the parents.\n\n\n2. In the event of a dispute over a child\u2019s residence, the child\u2019s residence shall be determined by a judgment awarded by the court in favour of one of the parents.\n\n\n3. No longer effective from 2 January 2017.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.170. Right of a separated parent to have contact with the child and be involved in the child\u2019s upbringing\n\n\n1. The father or the mother who lives separately from a child shall have the right and duty to have contact with the child and be involved in the child\u2019s upbringing.\n\n\n2. A child whose parents are separated shall have the right to have constant and direct contact with both parents irrespective of their residence.\n\n\n3. Where the parents fail to agree as to the involvement of the separated father or mother in the upbringing of and contact with the child, the procedure of the separated parent\u2019s contact with the child and involvement in the child\u2019s upbringing shall be determined by the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The father or the mother with whom a child resides and/or with whom the child\u2019s domicile has been determined by a court judgment may not interfere with the other parent\u2019s contacts with the child or involvement in the child\u2019s upbringing. Failure to comply with this obligation shall be regarded as an abuse of parental authority, which will make the father or the mother liable in accordance with the procedure established by law.\n\n\n5. The father or the mother who lives separately from a child shall have the right to receive information about the child from all the institutions and authorities concerned with the child\u2019s upbringing, education, healthcare and protection of the child\u2019s rights, as well as other institutions and authorities that have contact with the child. Such information may be denied only in cases where the child\u2019s life or health is imperilled by the mother or the father and in cases provided for by law.\n\n\n6. The refusal of authorities, organisations, institutions or natural persons to provide information to the parents about their children may be brought before the court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.171. Contact with a child and involvement in the child\u2019s upbringing under special circumstances\n\nParents shall maintain contact with and be involved in the upbringing of a child under special circumstances (detention, arrest, imprisonment, in-patient healthcare institution, etc.) in accordance with the procedure laid down by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.172. Contact of other relatives with a child\n\nParents (or, in their absence, guardians/curators) shall be obliged to create conditions for a child to associate with his close relatives and other relatives with an emotional connection to the child provided that it is consistent with the child\u2019s interests.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nDISPUTES OVER CHILDREN\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.173. Disputes over the name or surname of a child\n\n\n1. If a child\u2019s parents fail to agree on a name or surname to be given to the child, the child\u2019s father, mother or the parents (guardians/curators) of the child\u2019s legally incapable minor parents shall have the right to refer to the court for giving the child a name or a surname.\n\n\n2. The court shall deal with a request for giving a child a name or a surname in the simplified procedure and, having heard the parents or having received their written explanations, shall hand down a judicial order.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.174. Disputes over the determination of a child\u2019s residence\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s father or mother, as well as the parents or guardians/curators of the child\u2019s minor parents who do not have full legal capacity may refer to the court for determination of the child\u2019s residence."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The court shall resolve a dispute acting in the interest of a child and having regard to the child\u2019s wishes. The child\u2019s wishes may be disregarded only if they are contrary to the best interests of the child.\n\n\n3. The right to take a minor child domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania to a foreign state for permanent residence shall be vested in the parent with whom the child\u2019s residence is determined only upon the written consent of the other parent. Where the other parent refuses to give the consent, the dispute shall be settled by the court.\n\n\n4. Where the circumstances change or where the parent with whom a child\u2019s residence is determined lets other persons reside with and bring up the child, the persons specified in Article 3.174(1) may bring a repeat action for the determination of the child\u2019s residence.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.175. Disputes of separated parents over contact with a child or involvement in the upbringing of the child\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s father, mother or the parents (guardians/curators) of the child\u2019s legally incapable minor parents may refer to the court for establishing a procedure for contact with or involvement in the child\u2019s upbringing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The court shall establish the procedure for a separated parent\u2019s contact with a child by having regard to the child\u2019s interests and by creating a possibility for the separated parent to be involved in the upbringing of the child to the greatest extent possible. Minimum contact with the child may be ordered only in cases where constant maximum contact is prejudicial to the child\u2019s interests.\n\n\n3. Where the circumstances change, the persons specified in paragraph 1 of this Article may bring a repeat action for establishing a procedure for contact with or involvement in the child\u2019s upbringing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.176. Disputes over a child\u2019s contact with his or her relatives\n\n\n1. If the parents refuse to create conditions for a child to have contact with his or her close relatives and other relatives with an emotional connection to the child, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights may obligate the parents to create such conditions for the child\u2019s contact with his or her close relatives and other relatives with an emotional connection to the child.\n\n\n2. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights may refuse to obligate the parents to create conditions for their child\u2019s contact with his or her close relatives and other relatives with an emotional connection to the child where such contact is contrary to the child\u2019s interests."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where the parents fail to comply with the obligation of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or the child\u2019s close relatives and other relatives with an emotional connection to the child do not agree with the decision of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights refusing to obligate the child\u2019s parents to create conditions for their contact with the child, the child\u2019s close relatives and other relatives with an emotional connection to the child may refer to the court.\n\n\n4. The court, having regard to a child\u2019s interests, may obligate the parents to create conditions for their child\u2019s contact with the close relatives and other relatives with an emotional connection to the child provided it is not contrary to the child\u2019s interests.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.177. Child\u2019s right to express his or her views\n\nWhen examining disputes over children, the court must hear the child capable of expressing his or her views and ascertain the wishes of the child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.178. Mandatory participation of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights\n\n\n1. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must participate in the examination of disputes over children."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must participate in the examination of disputes over children.\n\n\n2. Having investigated the conditions of the family environment, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall present its conclusion to the court unless the case is heard on the basis of an action brought by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights. In adjudicating on the dispute, the court shall take into consideration not only the conclusion of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights, but also the wishes of the child and other evidence adduced by the parties. The requirements for the content of the conclusion referred to in this paragraph shall be approved by an institution authorised by the Government.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FIVE\n\nRESTRICTION OF PARENTAL AUTHORITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.179. Separation of parents and children\n\n\n1. Where the parents (the father or the mother) do not live together with a child for objective reasons (illness, etc.) and the court has to decide where the child is to live, the court may decide to separate the child from the parents (the father or the mother). Where only one of the parents is affected by unfavourable circumstances while the other parent can live with and bring up the child, the child shall be separated only from the former parent."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. A child separated from the parents shall retain all the personal and property rights and duties based on consanguinity.\n\n\n3. When a child is separated from the parents (the father or the mother), the parents shall lose their right to live together with the child or demand the return of the child from other persons. The parents may exercise their other rights in so far as that is possible without living together with the child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.180. Conditions, modes and consequences of the restriction of parental authority\n\n\n1. Where the parents (the father or the mother) fail in their duties to bring up their children, abuse their parental authority, subject their children to cruel treatment, produce a harmful effect on their children by their immoral conduct or neglect their children, the court may award a judgment on temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority (that of the father or the mother)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where, on the basis established in point 3 of Article 3.254 of this Code, a child is placed under temporary guardianship, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall, within 60 calendar days from placing the child under temporary guardianship, refer to the court for the restriction of parental authority (that of the father or the mother) unless, after placing the child under temporary guardianship, the parents (the father or the mother) are trying to change their conduct or there are other reasons allowing the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights to reasonably assume that there is a real opportunity for returning the child to the family.\n\n\n3. The court shall make judgments for temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority having regard to the specific circumstances due to which the restriction of parental authority is sought. Parental authority may be restricted indefinitely where the court makes a conclusion that the parents (the father or the mother) cause particular harm to the development of the child or neglect the child and there is no indication that the situation is likely to change."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority shall involve the suspension of the personal and property rights of the parents based on consanguinity and stipulated by law. The parents, however, shall retain the right of visitation, except where that is contrary to the child\u2019s interests. In the event of indefinite restriction of parental authority, the child may be adopted without the consent of the parents.\n\n\n5. Restriction of parental authority shall extend only to the children and to the parent in respect of whom the court has awarded its judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.181. Lifting of the restriction of parental authority or change of the mode of restriction\n\n\n1. The separation of a child from the parents (the father or the mother) shall be revoked upon disappearance of the circumstances that caused separation.\n\n\n2. Temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority may be lifted if it is proved that the parents (the father or the mother) have changed their conduct and can bring up their child and if the lifting of the restriction is not contrary to the interests of the child.\n\n\n3. Where the circumstances have changed, but there are insufficient grounds for complete lifting of the indefinite restriction of parental authority, the indefinite restriction of parental authority may be replaced with the temporary restriction of parental authority."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. If it transpires that the conditions preventing a child from living together with the parents remain after the lifting of the temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority, the temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority may be replaced with the separation of the child from the parents.\n\n\n5. Where the parents (the father or the mother) separated from their children exercise their parental authority contrary to the interests of the children, their parental authority may be subject to temporary or indefinite restriction.\n\n\n6. Restriction of parental authority may be lifted only if a child has not been adopted.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.182. Persons entitled to seek restriction of parental authority or lifting of the restriction of parental authority\n\n\n1. An application for the separation of a child from the parents (the father or the mother) may be filed by the child\u2019s parents or close relatives or the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor.\n\n\n2. An action for temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority may be brought by one of the parents or close relatives or the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor or the guardian/curator of the child.\n\n\n3. An action for lifting of the restriction of parental authority may be brought by the parents (the father or the mother) in respect of whose parental authority the restriction has been applied."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. An application for cancellation of the separation of a child from the parents (the father or the mother) may be filed by the parents or one of the parents, or the guardian/curator or close relatives of the child or the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.183. Examination of applications for the restriction of parental authority\n\n\n1. Applications for cancellation of the separation of children from the parents shall be examined in a simplified procedure. If it transpires that there is a ground for temporary or indefinite restriction of parental authority, an application shall be referred to the court to be adjudicated in contentious proceedings.\n\n\n2. In examining actions for the restriction of parental authority or applications for the separation of a child from the parents referred to it for adjudication in contentious proceedings, the court shall not be bound by the claims made and shall award a judgment in the light of the situation in hand and the interests of the child.\n\n\n3. The court shall hear a child capable of expressing his or her views and take such views into account.\n\n\n4. Having made a judgment to restrict parental authority, the court shall simultaneously, by the same judgment, determine the domicile of a child before the judgment on guardianship/curatorship of the child comes into force, and award maintenance to the child."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. No later than six months after the coming into force of the judgment to temporarily restrict parental authority (that of the father or the mother), the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights and, where appropriate, a public prosecutor shall refer to the court for extension of the temporary restriction of parental authority (that of the father or the mother) or for the indefinite restriction of parental authority (that of the father or the mother).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.184. Mandatory participation of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights\n\n\n1. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must participate in the examination of cases for the restriction of parental authority.\n\n\n2. Having investigated the conditions in the family environment, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall present its conclusion to the court unless an action is brought by the same state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights. The court shall take the said conclusion into consideration together with the evidence adduced in the case.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XII\n\nMUTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nPARENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES RELATED TO\n\nTHE PROPERTY OWNED BY THE CHILDREN"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.185. Management of the property owned by minor children\n\n\n1. Property owned by minor children shall be managed by the parents by the right of usufruct. The parents\u2019 right of usufruct may not be pledged or sold or otherwise assigned or encumbered; no execution may be made against it.\n\n\n2. Parents shall manage by mutual agreement the property owned by their minor child. In the event of a dispute over the management of the child\u2019s property, either parent may refer to the court for a judicial order establishing the procedure for the management of the property.\n\n\n3. Where the parents, or one of the parents mismanage the property owned by their minor child to the detriment of the minor child\u2019s interests, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor may refer to the court for the removal of the parents from the management of the property owned by their minor child. Where warranted, the court shall remove the parents from the management of their minor child\u2019s property, revoke their right of usufruct to the child\u2019s property and appoint another person as an administrator of the minor\u2019s property. Where the grounds for the removal are no longer existent, the court may allow the parents to resume the management of their minor children\u2019s property by the right of usufruct."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.186. Duties of the parents in managing their minor children\u2019s property\n\n\n1. Parents must manage their minor children\u2019s property by acting exclusively in the interests of the children.\n\n\n2. The parents may use the fruits and income derived from the property owned by the minor child to meet the needs of the family by taking into account the child\u2019s interests.\n\n\n3. In managing the property of their minor child, the parents shall have no right to acquire, directly or through intermediaries, this property into their ownership or any rights thereto. This rule shall also be applicable to auctioning the minor\u2019s property or rights thereto. An action to have such transactions declared null and void may be brought by the child or the child\u2019s successors.\n\n\n4. The parents of a minor child shall be prohibited from entering into a contract of assignment of claim under which they would acquire the right of claim to their minor child\u2019s property or rights thereto.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.187. Property of minor children not subject to the right of usufruct\n\nParents shall have no right to manage the property of their minor children by the right of usufruct if that property:\n\n\n1) has been acquired with the money earned by the child;\n\n\n2) is intended for the purposes of the child\u2019s education, hobbies or leisure;"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2) is intended for the purposes of the child\u2019s education, hobbies or leisure;\n\n\n3) has been devolved to the child by donation or succession on condition that it will not be made subject to usufruct.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.188. Transactions relating to a minor child\u2019s property\n\n\n1. Without the prior leave of the court, parents shall have no right to:\n\n\n1) alienate or charge their minor children\u2019s property or otherwise encumber the rights thereto;\n\n\n2) accept or decline to accept inheritance on behalf of their minor children;\n\n\n3) enter into a lease agreement in respect of their minor children\u2019s property for a period longer than five years;\n\n\n4) enter into an arbitration agreement on behalf of their minor children;\n\n\n5) enter into a loan agreement on behalf of their minor children for an amount exceeding four minimum monthly wages;\n\n\n6) invest the funds of their minor children in excess of ten minimum monthly wages.\n\n\n2. If a transaction causes a conflict of interests between the minor children of the same parents or between a minor child and the child\u2019s parents, the court shall, on the application of either of the parents, appoint an ad hoc guardian as to the transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where there is a conflict of interests between a minor child and one of the child\u2019s parents, the child\u2019s interests shall be represented and transactions shall be entered into by the parent whose interests do not conflict with those of the child.\n\n\n4. A breach of the rules laid down in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article may cause the transaction to be declared null and void in an action brought by the child, one of the child\u2019s parents or their successors.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.189. Prohibition to assign or encumber the right of usufruct\n\n\n1. Parents who manage their minor children\u2019s property by the right of usufruct may not assign or pledge or otherwise encumber the right of usufruct.\n\n\n2. The claims of the creditors of minor children\u2019s parents may not be levied against the property of the minor children or against the right of usufruct of their parents.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.190. Right of usufruct where the property is managed by only one of the parents"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.190. Right of usufruct where the property is managed by only one of the parents\n\n\n1. Where parental authority is exercised only by one of the parents of a minor child, the child\u2019s property shall be managed by the right of usufruct only by that parent. In the event of divorce or legal separation of the parents, the right to manage the minor child\u2019s property shall be exercised by the parent with whom the domicile of the child has been established by a court judgment.\n\n\n2. If the father or mother of a minor child enters into a new marriage, he or she shall retain the right of usufruct in respect of the minor child\u2019s property, but shall be obliged to transfer all the fruits and income derived from the property to the child\u2019s bank account and to maintain separate accounts for the fruits in excess of the expenses for the child\u2019s development (upbringing, education, maintenance). If the new spouse of the child\u2019s father or mother adopts the child, he or she shall also acquire the right to manage the property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.191. End of the property management and right of usufruct\n\n\n1. Parents shall lose the right to manage their minor children\u2019s property by the right of usufruct when:\n\n\n1) the minor is emancipated under law;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the minor is emancipated under law;\n\n\n2) the minor contracts a marriage in accordance with the procedure laid down by law;\n\n\n3) the minor reaches the age of majority;\n\n\n4) the court removes the parents from the management of the property;\n\n\n5) the court separates the children from the parents or restricts their parental authority.\n\n\n2. Where the parents (or one of the parents with whom the child resides) continue to use the child\u2019s property after the end of the right of usufruct, they shall be obliged to return the property and all the income and fruits derived from the child\u2019s property to the child from the moment when the child or the child\u2019s representative requests so.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nMUTUAL MAINTENANCE DUTIES OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.192. Parents\u2019 duty to maintain their children\n\n\n1. Parents shall be obliged to maintain their minor children. The procedure and form of maintenance shall be determined by mutual agreement of the parents.\n\n\n2. The amount of maintenance must be commensurate with the needs of the minor children and the financial situation of their parents; it must ensure the existence of conditions necessary for a child\u2019s development.\n\n\n3. Both parents must provide maintenance to their minor children commensurate with their financial situation."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Both parents must provide maintenance to their minor children commensurate with their financial situation.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.1921.  Parents\u2019 duty to maintain their full-age children\n\n\n1. If circumstances permit, parents shall be obliged to maintain their full-age children who study under a secondary education programme or under a formal vocational training programme to acquire their first qualification or study at a higher education institution under a programme of full-time studies and who are under twenty-four years of age and need material support, taking into account the financial situation, income and earning opportunities of full-age children and other important circumstances. Parents shall not be obliged to support full-age children who pursue a subsequent education degree or professional qualification.\n\n\n2. Where the parents (or one of the parents) fail in the duty to maintain their full-age child, the child shall be entitled to refer to the court for obtaining a maintenance order.\n\n\n3. In issuing a maintenance order and determining the amount of maintenance, the court shall have regard to the financial situation of the child\u2019s family and that of his or her parents as well as other important circumstances of the case."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Articles 3.192, 3.193, 3.194, 3.196, 3.197, 3.198, 3.199, 3.200, 3.201, and 3.208 of this Code shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of maintenance of full-age children.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.193. Parental agreement on the maintenance of their minor children\n\n\n1. On divorce by mutual agreement (Article 3.51 of this Code) or on separation (Article 3.73 of this Code), the parents of minor children shall conclude an agreement providing for their mutual duties in maintaining their minor children as well as the procedure, amount and form of such maintenance. The agreement shall be approved by the court (Article 3.53 of this Code).\n\n\n2. Parents of minor children may conclude an agreement on the maintenance of their children also when their divorce is based on other grounds.\n\n\n3. If one of the parents does not comply with the agreement on the maintenance of their minor children approved by the court, the other parent shall be entitled to refer to the court for the issuance of a writ of execution.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.194. Maintenance orders"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.194. Maintenance orders\n\n\n1. Where the parents (or one of the parents) fail in the duty to maintain their minor children, the court may issue a maintenance order in an action brought by one of the parents or the child\u2019s guardian/curator or the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n2. A maintenance order may also be issued if on divorce or on separation the parents did not agree on the maintenance of their minor children in accordance with the procedure provided for in this Book.\n\n\n3. The court shall issue a maintenance order until a child attains majority, except in cases when the child lacks capacity for work due to a disability determined before the age of majority.\n\n\n4. The enforcement of a maintenance order shall be terminated when a child:\n\n\n1) is emancipated;\n\n\n2) attains majority;\n\n\n3) is adopted;\n\n\n4) dies.\n\n\n5. If the person obliged to pay maintenance dies, the duty of maintenance shall pass to his or her successors within the limits of the inherited property, irrespective of the way the succession is accepted under Book Five of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.195. Maintenance duty when children are separated from their parents\n\nThe parents\u2019 duty to maintain their minor children shall be retained after the separation of the children from their parents or the restriction of parental authority, except in cases where the child is adopted.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.196. Form and amount of maintenance\n\n\n1. The court may issue a maintenance order obligating the parents (one of the parents) who fail in their duty to maintain their children to provide maintenance to their minor children in the following ways:\n\n\n1) periodical monthly payments;\n\n\n2) a definite lump sum;\n\n\n3) award of certain property to the child.\n\n\n2. Pending the outcome of the case, the court may issue a ruling on interim maintenance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.197. Judicial pledge (hypothec)\n\nIf necessary, in issuing a maintenance order the court may institute pledge (hypothec) against the property of the parents (one of the parents). If the court judgment on the enforcement of the maintenance order is not executed, the enforcement shall be levied against the property subject to the pledge (hypothec) in accordance with the procedure laid down by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.198. Maintenance orders in respect of two or more children"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.198. Maintenance orders in respect of two or more children\n\n\n1. In issuing a maintenance order in respect of two or more children, the court must determine the amount of maintenance sufficient to meet at least the minimum needs of all the children.\n\n\n2. The amount of maintenance recovered must be used in equal proportions for all children unless overriding reasons (illness, etc.) make it necessary to derogate from the principle of equality.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.199. Categories of income subject to recovery under maintenance orders\n\nMaintenance payments for minor children shall be recovered from the wages and all the other categories of income of the father or mother obliged to pay maintenance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.200. Date on which a maintenance order becomes operative\n\nA maintenance order shall become operative from the date on which the right to maintenance arises; the arrears in maintenance payments, however, may not be enforced for a period exceeding three years from the date of bringing an action.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.201. Changing the amount and form of maintenance\n\n\n1. In an action brought by a child, the child\u2019s father or mother, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor, the court may reduce or increase the amount of maintenance if, after the award of the maintenance order, the financial situation of the parties has changed substantially."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. An increase in the amount of maintenance may be ordered if there are additional expenses related to the care for the child (illness, injury, need for nursing or permanent attendance). If necessary, the court may issue an order for covering the future expenses related to the medical treatment of the child.\n\n\n3. At the request of the persons referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the court may change the previously established form in which maintenance must be provided.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.202. Enforcement of maintenance when a child is placed under guardianship/curatorship\n\n\n1. If a child is placed under guardianship/curatorship, maintenance shall be paid to the guardian/curator, who must use it exclusively for the interests of the child.\n\n\n2. If a child receiving maintenance under a judicial order resides at a child care institution, the maintenance shall be paid to the child care institution. In such a case, the child care institution shall open a bank account for every child receiving maintenance with a credit institution controlled by the State. The funds on the bank account may be used, in accordance with the procedure established by law, only by the child for his or her own needs or the child\u2019s guardian/curator in the child\u2019s interests.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.203. Use of maintenance\n\n\n1. Child maintenance must be used only in the child\u2019s interests."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.203. Use of maintenance\n\n\n1. Child maintenance must be used only in the child\u2019s interests.\n\n\n2. Under a judicial order issued in an action brought by the representatives of the child, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor, maintenance used by the child\u2019s parents, guardians/curators for purposes other than the child\u2019s interests shall be recovered against the property of the person who has used the child\u2019s maintenance not in the interests of the child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.204. Children maintained by the State\n\n\n1. The State shall maintain minor children receiving no maintenance, for a period of more than one month, from their parents or other adult close relatives who are in a position to maintain the children.\n\n\n2. The amount, procedure and conditions of such maintenance shall be established by the Government.\n\n\n3. After providing maintenance to minor children under this Article, the State shall have the right of recourse to recover the maintenance provided to a child from the child\u2019s parents or his other adult close relatives if they failed to provide maintenance to the child for reasons the court declared to be insufficient.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.205. Duty of adult children to maintain their parents\n\n\n1. Adult children shall be obliged to maintain and care for their parents lacking capacity for work and in need of support."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Adult children shall be obliged to maintain and care for their parents lacking capacity for work and in need of support.\n\n\n2. Maintenance shall be paid according to a mutual agreement between the children and parents or on the basis of the court order issued in an action brought by the parents.\n\n\n3. Maintenance shall be provided in monthly payments of an established amount.\n\n\n4. The amount of maintenance shall be determined by the court having regard to the financial situation of the children\u2019s family and that of the parents as well as other important circumstances of the case. In establishing the amount of the maintenance, the court must take into account the duty of all the adult children of the parent(s) to maintain their parent(s), irrespective of whether the action for maintenance has been brought against all the children or only one of them.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.206. Rejection of the parents\u2019 claims to maintenance\n\n\n1. The court may relieve adult children of their duty to maintain their parents lacking capacity for work if it establishes that the parents had failed in their duties in respect of their minor children.\n\n\n2. Where the children had been separated permanently from their parents through the fault of the parents, such parents shall have no right to maintenance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.207. Compensation for additional expenses of parents lacking capacity for work"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.207. Compensation for additional expenses of parents lacking capacity for work\n\n\n1. If adult children do not care for their parents lacking capacity for work, the court may issue an order, in an action brought by the parents, for the compensation of the additional expenses incurred by the parents due to severe illness, injury or indispensable attendance performed by strangers for a consideration.\n\n\n2. In adjudicating on the compensation for such additional expenses, the court must have regard to the financial situation of the children\u2019s family and that of the parents as well as other important circumstances of the case.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.208. Indexation of maintenance\n\nWhere maintenance has been ordered in the form of periodical payments, the amount of maintenance shall be indexed annually, in accordance with the procedure established by the Government, in line with inflation.\n\n \n\n\nPART V\n\nADOPTION\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIII\n\nCONDITIONS AND PROCEDURE OF ADOPTION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.209. Children eligible for adoption\n\n\n1. Adoption shall be possible exclusively in the interests of the child.\n\n\n2. Only the children who have been included in the list of children available for adoption may be adopted, except in cases where a spouse adopts the other spouse\u2019s child or the child lives in the family of the adopter."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Only minor children over the age of three months may be adopted.\n\n\n4. Adoption of one\u2019s own children, sisters or brothers shall be prohibited.\n\n\n5. An adopted child may be adopted only by the adoptive father\u2019s/adoptive mother\u2019s spouse.\n\n\n6. Separation of siblings through adoption shall be allowed in exceptional cases where it is impossible to ensure their life together for health reasons or where the siblings have already been separated due to other circumstances and there are no possibilities to ensure their life together.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.210. Persons entitled to adopt a child\n\n\n1. The adopter may be an adult working age woman or man duly prepared for adopting a child in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Regulations on the Organisation of Adoption approved by the Government. In exceptional cases, the court may give leave for older persons to adopt a child.\n\n \n\n\n2. The right to adopt a child may be exercised by married couples. In exceptional cases, an unmarried person or one of the spouses may be allowed to adopt a child.\n\n\n3. Unmarried persons may not adopt the same child."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Unmarried persons may not adopt the same child.\n\n\n4. Persons declared by the court to be legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area, persons whose parental authority has been restricted, the former guardians/curators whose guardianship/curatorship has been revoked through their fault in the cases provided for in Article 3.246(3) of this Code, persons from whom the child is separated, and persons with mental and behavioural disorders or other diseases, the list whereof is approved by the Government or an institution authorised by it, shall not be allowed to adopt a child. Persons who have been convicted of a premeditated crime against humanity, human life, liberty, freedom of sexual self-determination and sexual inviolability, child and family, public security, morals, crime endangering human life and health, serious impairment to health, and a crime related to possession of narcotic or psychotropic, toxic or highly active substances, irrespective of whether the conviction has expired or has been expunged in accordance with the procedure laid down by the laws, shall not be allowed to adopt a child. The right of the person convicted for other criminal acts to adopt a child shall be determined by the court, having assessed the nature and gravity of the committed criminal act(s) and having taken account of the child\u2019s interests."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Persons who wish to adopt a child (except a parent\u2019s spouse or the relatives) must be put on the list of prospective adopters managed by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n6. No longer effective from 1 January 2018.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.211. Age difference between the adopter and the child to be adopted\n\n\n1. The age difference between the adopter and the child to be adopted must be no less than eighteen years.\n\n\n2. Where a person adopts the children or adopted children of his or her spouse, the age difference referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article may be reduced to 15 years.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.212. Consent of the parents to adoption\n\n\n1. Adoption may be effected only with the written consent of the parents approved by the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where the parents of a child to be adopted are minors or legally incapable in this area, adoption may be effected only with the written consent of their parents or guardians/curators approved by the court. Where the parents of a child to be adopted are of limited legal capacity in this area, adoption may be effected only with their written consent and that of their curators approved by the court. Where the curator does not give his or her consent, the written consent to adoption may be approved by the court at the request of a person with limited legal capacity in this area. In this case, additional court approval shall not be required. In all cases referred to in this paragraph, the court must, when examining the case, hear the opinion of the parents of the child to be adopted where the person is able to express the opinion and understand the process, objectives and consequences of adoption. Where the child to be adopted has a permanent guardian/curator appointed in accordance with the procedure laid down by laws and has been placed under guardianship/curatorship of a family, adoption may be effected only with the written consent of the guardian/curator approved by the court. Grounds for refusal to give consent to adoption must be justified. Where the court has established that the grounds for refusal to give consent to adoption are unjustified, the court may make a decision on adoption without the consent of the guardian/curator."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The child\u2019s parents may give their consent for the adoption of the child by a specific person only if that person is a relative.\n\n\n4. Having approved the parents\u2019(guardians\u2019/curators\u2019) written consent to adoption, the court shall issue a ruling in which it shall explicate to the parents (guardians/curators) the consequences of adoption referred to in Article 3.227 of this Code and their right to revoke their consent to adoption.\n\n\n5. Within three working days, the court shall send a copy of the final order confirming the consent to adoption to the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.213. Revocation of the parents\u2019 consent to adoption\n\n\n1. The parents may revoke their consent to adoption before a court judgment is made on the adoption of the child. The consent of the parents who are legally incapable in this area may be revoked by the guardians. The parents declared to be of limited legal capacity in this area may revoke their consent to adoption only jointly with the curators. Where the curators refuse to revoke their consent to adoption, the revocation of consent to adoption may be approved by the court at the request of the persons with limited legal capacity in this area. In this case, additional court approval shall not be required."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The application for the revocation of the consent to adoption must be filed by the parents (guardians of the parents legally incapable in this area or the parents with limited legal capacity in this area jointly with their curators) with the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights. Where the child has already been adopted, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall notify the parents of the fact without disclosing the identity of the adopters. Where the application is filed before the day scheduled for the court\u2019s consideration of the application for adoption, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall notify the respective court of the revocation of the consent and refer the application for the revocation of the consent for consideration to the court that approved the consent. The consideration of the application for adoption shall be suspended until the issue of the revocation of the consent is resolved.\n\n\n3. The court shall not approve the revocation of the consent to adoption where a year has elapsed since the restriction of parental authority, which has not been lifted, or where the court establishes that the parents (guardians of the parents legally incapable in this area or the parents with limited legal capacity in this area jointly with their curators) revoke their consent to adoption only for material gain."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.214. Adoption without the consent of the parents\n\nThe consent of the parents of the child to be adopted shall not be required where the identity of the parents is not known or where they are dead or where the parental authority has been restricted for an indefinite period or where the parents are declared dead.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.215. Consent of the child to be adopted\n\n\n1. Where the child to be adopted has reached the age of ten, the child\u2019s written consent to adoption shall be required. The child shall file his or her consent with the court; adoption without such a consent shall not be permitted.\n\n\n2. Where the child to be adopted is under the age of ten, he must be heard by the court if he or she is capable of expressing his or her views. In taking a decision, the court must take account of the child\u2019s wishes provided they are not contrary to the child\u2019s interests.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.216. Consent to adoption by the adopter\u2019s spouse"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.216. Consent to adoption by the adopter\u2019s spouse\n\n\n1. Where a child is adopted by one of the spouses, the written consent of the other spouse shall be required. Where the other spouse is of limited legal capacity in this area, the written consent of the spouse with limited legal capacity and his curator shall be required. Where the curator does not give his or her consent, the written consent to adoption may be approved by the court at the request of the spouse with limited legal capacity in this area.\n\n\n2. The consent of the other spouse shall not be required where the spouses are legally separated by a court judgment or where the other spouse has been declared by the court missing or legally incapable in this area.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.217. Verification of the readiness for adoption\n\n\n1. Social workers certified by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall ascertain if there are any bars referred to in Book Three of this Code for the prospective adoptive parents to adopt the child, investigate their living conditions and way of life, collect information on the status of their health and submit a conclusion on the readiness of the prospective adopters to adopt the child.\n\n\n2. Where the prospective adoptive parents do not agree with the conclusion of the social workers certified by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights on their readiness to adopt, they may appeal against it in court."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The decision on whether the adoptive parents have suitable conditions and are adequately prepared for adoption shall be taken by the court examining the application for adoption.\n\n\n4. The conclusion on whether there are any legal bars to adoption for prospective adoptive parents who intend to adopt a child abroad and whether they are adequately prepared for adoption shall be approved by a ruling of Vilnius Regional Court. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.218. Provision of data on the child to be adopted\n\n\n1. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall submit to the court data on the origin, development, state of health and family of the child to be adopted.\n\n\n2. Before an application for adoption is submitted to the court, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must provide the data on the children available for adoption to all the persons included in the list of prospective adoptive parents.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.219. Registration of adoptions\n\n\n1. The registration of prospective adoptive parents and children available for adoption shall be administered by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights in accordance with the procedure established by the Government. The regulations of the institution shall be approved by the Government."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Having taken a decision on the indefinite restriction of parental authority or having confirmed, by an order, the written consent of the parents to the adoption of their child, the court shall send its final decision or order to the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights within three working days.\n\n \n\nArticle 3.220. No longer effective from 1 July 2018.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.221. Confidentiality of adoption\n\n\n1. Adoption cases shall be heard in a closed court hearing.\n\n\n2. Until the child attains majority, data on the child\u2019s adoption may not be disclosed without the consent of the adoptive parents.\n\n\n3. Information on a child\u2019s adoption may be provided to the child from the age of fourteen, to the child\u2019s former close relatives by blood or to other persons with the leave of the court which considered the case for adoption provided that the information is necessary for the child\u2019s health or the health of the child\u2019s close relatives or of other persons as well as for other important reasons.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.222. Placement of the child with the adoptive family before adoption"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.222. Placement of the child with the adoptive family before adoption\n\n\n1. At the request of the prospective adoptive parents or the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or at its own discretion, the court may order a probationary period of six to twelve months prior to the adoption and place the child with the family of the prospective adoptive parents for residence, upbringing and maintenance. If an order is made to place the child with the family of the prospective adoptive parents, the hearing of the adoption case shall be suspended.\n\n\n2. The probationary period may be ordered taking into consideration the psychological preparedness of the child and the prospective adoptive parents for adoption, the duration of contact between the child and the prospective adoptive parents before the application for adoption, and other circumstances which may give rise to doubts whether the child will fit in with the family of the adoptive parents.\n\n\n3. After the child is placed with the family by a court order before the adoption, the mutual rights and duties, except those of succession, of the child and the prospective adoptive parents shall be treated as the mutual rights and duties of children and natural parents.\n\n\n4. After the adoption of the child, the adoptive parents shall be treated as the child\u2019s parents under the law from the day on which the court order to place the child with the family became final. The court shall specify this fact in its judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.223. Priority for adoption\n\n\n1. If there are several persons who wish to adopt the same child, the priority shall be determined in the light of the child\u2019s interests in the following order:\n\n\n1) persons adopting their spouse\u2019s children and adopted children;\n\n\n2) relatives;\n\n\n3) persons adopting siblings together;\n\n\n4) persons in whose family the child to be adopted is placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n5) citizens of the Republic of Lithuania;\n\n\n6) persons whose domicile (principal residence) is in the Republic of Lithuania;\n\n\n7) spouses.\n\n \n\n\n2. If the persons who wish to adopt a child are attributable to the same category, priority shall be given to the person who was the first to be registered in the list of prospective adoptive parents.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.224. Adoption by persons whose domicile is in a foreign state and by foreign nationals and stateless persons whose domicile is in the Republic of Lithuania\n\n\n1. Persons whose domicile is in a foreign state and nationals of a foreign state and stateless persons whose domicile is in the Republic of Lithuania who adopt a child shall be subject to provisions of Articles 3.209 to 3.223 of this Code."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. In addition to the provisions of Articles 3.209 to 3.223 of this Code, persons referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article may adopt a child when all of the following conditions are fulfilled:\n\n\n1) within six months from the registration of the child in the list of children available for adoption, no application has been received from citizens of the Republic of Lithuania, whose domicile is in the Republic of Lithuania, to adopt the child or place the child under their guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n2) the guardian/curator of a child for whom a permanent guardian/curator has been appointed and who has been placed under guardianship/ curatorship of a family presents to the court a written consent to the adoption. Grounds for refusal to give consent to the adoption must be justified;\n\n\n3) the grounds for refusal to give the written consent to the adoption referred to in point 2 of this paragraph are unfounded.\n\n\n3. The court, having regard to the interests of the child, shall have the right to decide on the adoption of the child without the consent of the guardian/curator.\n\n\n4. Where a child is adopted in another state, all the necessary measures must be taken to prevent persons involved in the placement of the child in another state from gaining any unjustified material gain."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. In adjudicating on the adoption of a child by the person referred to in point 1 of this paragraph, consideration must be given to the hereditary continuity of the child\u2019s upbringing, the child\u2019s ethnic origin, religious and cultural affiliation and mother tongue, as well as the compliance of the legislation of the recipient country with the requirements of the 29 May 1993 Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.225. Recognition of adoption carried out in a foreign country\n\nAdoption carried out in a foreign country shall be recognised in accordance with the procedure and under the conditions laid down in international treaties and agreements and the provisions of Book One of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.226. Adoption of children who are nationals of a foreign country\n\n\n1. Children who are nationals of a foreign country residing in the Republic of Lithuania shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter unless an international treaty or agreement between the respective foreign state and the Republic of Lithuania provides for a different procedure for their adoption.\n\n\n2. Applications of foreign nationals for adoption shall be examined by Vilnius Regional Court.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIV\n\nLEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ADOPTION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.227. Consequences of adoption"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.227. Consequences of adoption\n\n\n1. Adoption shall invalidate the mutual personal and property rights and duties of the natural parents and children and their relatives by blood while creating mutual personal and property rights and duties for the adoptive parents, their relatives and adopted children and their descendants as relatives by blood.\n\n\n2. The adoptive parents shall be treated as the child\u2019s parents under the law from the day on which the court judgment on the adoption became final, with the exception provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 3.222 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.228. Name and surname of the adopted child\n\n\n1. The adopted child shall be given the surname of the adoptive parents by a court judgment; the child\u2019s name may be changed with the consent of the child capable of expressing his or her views.\n\n\n2. At the request of the adoptive parents and the adopted child capable of expressing his or her views, the child may be allowed to retain the surname of his or her natural parents.\n\n\n3. When there is a dispute between the adoptive parents or between the adoptive parents and the adopted child over the change of the child\u2019s surname or name, the dispute shall be resolved by the court, taking account of the child\u2019s interests.\n\n \n\n\nPART VI\n\nRIGHTS AND DUTIES OF OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "PART VI\n\nRIGHTS AND DUTIES OF OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XV\n\nLIVING TOGETHER OF PERSONS NOT LEGALLY MARRIED (COHABITATION)\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.229. Scope of application\n\nThe provisions of this Chapter shall determine the relations in property of a man and a woman who, after registering their partnership in accordance with the procedure laid down by the law, have been cohabiting at least for a year with the aim of creating a family relationship without having registered their union as a marriage (cohabitees).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.230. Assets subject to the legal regime set in this Chapter\n\n\n1. The provisions of this Chapter shall determine the legal regime of the assets referred to in this Article provided the assets have been acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees.\n\n\n2. The community property of cohabitees shall include:\n\n\n1) a dwelling house or an apartment acquired jointly by cohabitees for cohabitation;\n\n\n2) the rental, usufruct or any other right of one of the cohabitees to use the dwelling house or apartment which the cohabitees use for cohabitation;"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) jointly acquired immovable property related to the dwelling house or apartment used for cohabitation provided the immovable property is used by the cohabitees jointly;\n\n\n4) furniture and other household utensils acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees, except for the chattels which the cohabitees use separately.\n\n\n3. The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to assets which the cohabitees use for recreation (garden, summer cottage, etc.).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.231. Legal regime of assets jointly used by cohabitees\n\n\n1. Where the immovables or the rights to the immovables referred to in Article 3.230 of this Code are registered in the name of one of the cohabitees, both cohabitees may require, by submitting a joint application to the respective public register, the addition of a record to the effect that the cohabitees use these immovables or the rights to these immovable jointly. The signatures of the cohabitees adduced to such an application must be certified by a notary public."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Cohabitees shall have the right to make an agreement by a notarial deed on how the assets acquired and used jointly should be divided after the end of their cohabitation. Provisions of Articles 3.101 to 3.108 of this Code shall apply to such agreements mutatis mutandis.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.232. Division of assets acquired and used jointly\n\nAt the request of one of the cohabitees, the court may divide all the assets, acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees, after the death of one of the cohabitees or at the end of their cohabitation provided the cohabitees had not made an agreement on the division of assets certified by a notary public.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.233. Limitations of the right to dispose of the assets used jointly\n\n\n1. A cohabitee shall have no right, without the written consent of the other cohabitee, to sell, donate or alienate in any other way, lease or charge the assets acquired and used jointly or to encumber the rights to such assets in any other way."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply if a cohabitee is incapable of giving such a consent due to legal incapacity or it is impossible to obtain the consent of the other cohabitee due to other important reasons. In such a case, the permission to conclude a transaction may be granted by the court at the request of the other cohabitee.\n\n\n3. Transactions concluded in violation of the rules set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may be declared null and void in an action brought by the cohabitee who has not given his or her consent to the transaction, except in cases where a third party recipient of the assets alienated, charged or leased was in good faith. The time limit for bringing an action for the avoidance of such a transaction shall be one year from the date on which the cohabitee became aware or ought to have become aware of the transaction.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.234. Procedure for the division of assets used jointly"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.234. Procedure for the division of assets used jointly\n\n\n1. For the purpose of dividing the assets acquired and used jointly by cohabitees in cases referred to in Article 3.232 of this Code, the court shall first determine the assets acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees and the separate assets of each cohabitee. When determining the assets acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees, debts contracted jointly by the cohabitees and outstanding at the end of their cohabitation shall be deducted.\n\n\n2. The assets acquired and used jointly remaining after the deduction of the joint outstanding debts of the cohabitees shall be divided into two equal shares, except in cases provided for in this Article.\n\n\n3. The court shall have the right to depart from the principle of equal shares if it is just and reasonable to award one of the cohabitees a bigger share of the assets taking account of the interests of their minor children, the duration of their cohabitation, their age, health, financial situation, personal contribution to the accumulation of joint assets and other important circumstances."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. A dwelling house or an apartment may be awarded to the cohabitee who is in greater need of it taking into consideration his or her age, health, financial situation, the interests of his or her minor children and other important circumstances. In this case, this cohabitee\u2019s share in the other assets shall be reduced. Where the value of the dwelling house or the apartment exceeds the value of the cohabitee\u2019s share in the assets, he or she must compensate in money to the other cohabitee for the difference in the value.\n\n\n5. The dwelling house or the apartment which was owned by one of the cohabitees before their cohabitation began may be left to the other cohabitee by the right of usufruct if he or she has minor children born to the cohabitation or,  due to health, age or other important reasons, does not have his or her own dwelling place.\n\n\n6. Assets other than those referred to in Article 3.230 of this Code, acquired and maintained by using the funds of both cohabitees, shall be divided in accordance with the rules of partial community property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.235. Right to use a dwelling place"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.235. Right to use a dwelling place\n\n\n1. Having regard to the duration of cohabitation, the interests of the minor children of the cohabitees, the age, health, financial situation of the cohabitees and other important circumstances, the court shall have the right to award the use of the rented dwelling place to the cohabitee who is in greater need of the dwelling place.\n\n\n2. Having regard to the circumstances of the case, the court may obligate the cohabitee who has been awarded the right to use the rented dwelling place to pay monetary compensation to the other cohabitee for the expenses related to the search for and relocation to another dwelling place.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XVI\n\nDUTIES OF OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS RELATED TO MUTUAL MAINTENANCE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.236. Duty of an adult sibling to maintain his or her minor sibling\n\n\n1. Circumstances permitting, an adult sibling shall be obliged to maintain his or her minor sibling who is in need of support and is deprived of parents or of their maintenance.\n\n\n2. Provisions of Section Two of Chapter XII of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of maintenance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.237. Mutual maintenance of grandchildren and grandparents"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.237. Mutual maintenance of grandchildren and grandparents\n\n\n1. Circumstances permitting, adult grandchildren shall be obliged to maintain their grandparents lacking capacity for work and in need of support.\n\n\n2. Circumstances permitting, grandparents shall be obliged to maintain their minor grandchildren in need of support and deprived of parents or of their maintenance.\n\n\n3. Provisions of Section Two of Chapter XII of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of maintenance.\n\n \n\n\nPART VII\n\nGUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XVII\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.238. Guardianship\n\n\n1. Guardianship shall be established with the aim of exercising, protecting and defending the rights and interests of a natural person legally incapable in a certain area.\n\n \n\n\n2. Guardianship of a person shall subsume guardianship of the person\u2019s property, but, if necessary, an administrator may be designated to manage the person\u2019s property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.239. Curatorship\n\n\n1. Curatorship shall be established with the aim of protecting and defending the rights and interests of a natural person with limited legal capacity in a certain area."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Curatorship of a person shall subsume curatorship of the person\u2019s property, but, if necessary, an administrator may be designated to manage the person\u2019s property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.240. Legal status of the guardian or curator\n\n\n1. The guardian and the curator shall be the legal representatives of persons under their guardianship/curatorship and shall defend the rights and interests of persons legally incapable in a certain area or persons with limited legal capacity in a certain area without any special authorisation.\n\n\n2. The guardian shall be entitled to enter into, in the interests and on behalf of the represented person legally incapable in a certain area, all necessary transactions in that area.\n\n\n3. The curator shall give consent for the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area to enter into a transaction the person would not be permitted to enter into independently and shall also help the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area to exercise his or her other rights and fulfil the duties as well as protect his or her rights and legitimate interests against abuse from third parties in that area.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.241. Institutions of guardianship and curatorship\n\n\n1. Institutions of guardianship and curatorship shall mean municipal institutions concerned with the supervision and control of the actions of guardians, curators and persons providing assistance in making decisions."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The functions of guardianship and curatorship in respect of inmates of medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institutions who have been declared legally incapable in a certain area or of limited legal capacity in a certain area by the court shall be performed by the respective medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institution until a permanent guardian or curator is appointed.\n\n\n3. Institutions for the guardianship and curatorship of minors shall include the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights and other institutions provided for in this Book.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.242. Designation of a guardian or a curator\n\n\n1. Having declared a person legally incapable in a certain area or of limited legal capacity in a certain area, the court must forthwith designate the person\u2019s guardian or curator in that area.\n\n\n2. The guardian or curator of a minor shall be designated in accordance with the procedure established by the rules of Chapter XVIII of this Book."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Only a natural person legally capable in that area may be designated a guardian or a curator provided he or she gives a written consent to that effect. While designating a guardian or a curator, account must be taken of the person\u2019s moral and other qualities, his or her capability of performing the functions of a guardian or curator, his or her relations with the person placed under guardianship/curatorship, the guardian\u2019s or curator\u2019s preferences and the preferences of the person under guardianship/curatorship, as well as other relevant circumstances.\n\n\n4. The provisions of this Article shall not apply where the guardian or curator of a person legally incapable in a certain area or a person with limited legal capacity in a certain area is the medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institution in which that person is placed.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.243. Performance of the duties of a guardian or a curator\n\n\n1. A guardian who is the parent or any other close relative of the person under guardianship shall perform his or her duties as a guardian without any remuneration. In other cases, the guardian shall be entitled to recover necessary expenses related to his or her duties as a guardian against the assets of the person legally incapable in a certain area. The amount to be recovered and the procedure for its recovery shall be established by the court on the application of the guardian."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. A curator who is the parent or any other close relative of the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area shall, in all cases, perform his or her duties as a curator without any remuneration. In other cases, the curator shall be entitled to recover necessary expenses related to his or her duties as a curator against the assets of the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area. The amount to be recovered and the procedure for its recovery shall be established by the court on the application of the curator.\n\n\n3. This Article shall not apply to cases where the functions of guardianship or curatorship are performed by a medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institution.\n\n\n4. The guardians and curators of a minor must live together with the minor, except in cases provided for in point 4 of Article 3.265 of this Code. After the ward attains the age of sixteen, the curator may live separately provided the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights gives its consent.\n\n\n5. Guardians and curators must notify the institution of guardianship/curatorship of any change in their place of residence."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Guardians and curators must notify the institution of guardianship/curatorship of any change in their place of residence.\n\n\n6. Where the circumstances that led to the declaration of the person\u2019s legal incapacity in a certain area or limited legal capacity in a certain area disappear, the guardian or curator must apply to the court requesting the declaration of the person\u2019s legal capacity.\n\n \n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.244. Use of the assets and income of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area\n\n \n\n\n1. The guardian or the curator must use the assets and the income generated by the assets of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area exclusively in the interests of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area.\n\n\n2. Transactions exceeding one thousand and five hundred euros shall require a prior leave of the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Transactions exceeding one thousand and five hundred euros shall require a prior leave of the court.\n\n\n3. A prior leave of the court shall be required in all cases where the guardian intends to sell, donate or alienate in any other way the immovable property or property rights of the ward, to lease it, transfer for use without remuneration, charge or encumber in any other way the rights to the immovable property or property rights, or to enter into any other transaction which would result in a reduction of the ward\u2019s assets or the property rights of the ward would be assigned or encumbered. These rules shall apply also in cases where the curator intends to give his or her consent for the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area to enter into a similar transaction.\n\n\n4. A guardian, curator or their close relatives may not enter into a transaction with the ward, except in cases where assets are donated or transferred to the ward for use without remuneration, provided the transaction is consistent with the interests of the ward.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.245. Administration of the assets of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. In cases where a person legally incapable in a certain area or a person with limited legal capacity in a certain area has movable or immovable property requiring constant care (an enterprise, land, facility, etc.), the court shall issue an order for the appointment of an administrator of the property. The administrator may be the guardian/curator or any other person. The administrator of the property shall be subject to the rules laid down in this Code on the limitation of the actions of the guardian or the curator.\n\n\n2. The powers of the administrator shall end upon cancellation of the guardianship or curatorship, also upon the issue of the court order removing or replacing the administrator.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.246. Relief and removal from the duties of the guardian and curator \n\n\n1. The guardian or curator may be relieved of the duties if he or she is unable to perform these duties due to his or her illness or the illness of his or her close relatives, the deterioration of his or her financial situation or other important reasons."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The guardian or curator who is negligent in his or her duties, fails to ensure the protection of the rights and interests of the ward, uses his or her rights for personal gain may be removed from the duties of the guardian or curator. Where the actions of the guardian or curator have caused damage to the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area, the guardian or curator must compensate for the damage.\n\n\n3. The guardian or curator may be relieved of or removed from the duties by a court order, except in cases where the child has been placed under temporary guardianship or curatorship. In these cases, the guardian or curator may be relieved of or removed from the duties by decision of the director of a municipal administration upon the recommendation of the institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The guardian or curator as well as institutions of guardianship and curatorship shall have the right to apply to the court for relief from the duties of the guardian or curator. The person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area as well as institutions of guardianship and curatorship or a public prosecutor shall have the right to apply to the court for removal from the duties of the guardian or curator; in the case of removal from the duties of a child\u2019s guardian, the right to apply to the court shall have institutions of guardianship and curatorship or a public prosecutor; and in the case of removal from the duties of a child\u2019s curator,  the right to apply to the court shall have institutions of guardianship and curatorship or a public prosecutor, or the person under curatorship.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.247. End of guardianship and curatorship\n\n\n1. Guardianship and curatorship shall end when the court judgment declaring the person legally capable or lifting the limitation of his capacity becomes final.\n\n\n2. When a minor attains the age of fourteen, his or her guardianship shall come to an end, while the guardian of the minor becomes a curator without any additional judgement of the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Curatorship shall come to an end when the minor attains the age of eighteen or when the minor acquires full legal capacity before the age of eighteen in other cases provided for by the law.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XVIII\n\nGUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP OF MINORS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.248. Purpose and objectives of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The purpose of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be to ensure the child\u2019s upbringing and care in an environment which would facilitate the child\u2019s growing up, development and progress.\n\n\n2. The objectives of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be as follows:\n\n\n1) to appoint a guardian/curator for the child whose duty it would be to care for, bring up and represent the child and protect the child\u2019s rights and legitimate interests;\n\n\n2) to provide the child with living conditions which would be adequate for his age, state of health and development level;\n\n\n3) to prepare the child for independent life in a family and in society.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.249. Principles of establishing guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The establishment of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be governed by the following principles:\n\n\n1) priority of the best interests of the child;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) priority of the best interests of the child;\n\n\n2) priority in becoming guardians/curators of the child must be accorded to the child\u2019s relatives and other persons with an emotional connection to the child, provided this is in the child\u2019s best interests;\n\n\n3) the guardianship/curatorship of the child in a family;\n\n\n4) non-separation of siblings, except when this is contrary to the child\u2019s interests;\n\n\n5) stability of the child\u2019s environment and place of guardianship/curatorship.\n\n\n2. When establishing or cancelling guardianship/curatorship of a child or appointing a guardian/curator to a child capable of expressing his or her views, the child shall be provided an opportunity to be heard and to influence the decision making.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.250. Determination of children in need of guardianship/curatorship"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.250. Determination of children in need of guardianship/curatorship\n\n\n1. Employees of educational, health care, social, police and other institutions as well as any person in possession of any knowledge of minors deprived of parental care or of the necessity to protect a minor\u2019s rights and interests (abuse of parental authority, violence against a child, illness, death, departure or disappearance of the parents, refusal of the parents to take back their children from educational or health care institutions, etc.) must notify immediately the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights of the child\u2019s district of residence or their own district of residence.\n\n\n2. Having received the information on possible violations of the child\u2019s rights, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall assess the validity of such information and take the measures specified in the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Fundamentals of Protection of the Rights of the Child."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall be responsible for the determination of children in need of guardianship/curatorship and keeping records of such children. Having determined a child in need of guardianship/curatorship on the grounds referred to in points 2 or 3 of Article 3.254 of this Code, this institution must, within three working days from the date of obtaining leave of the court to take the child away from his or her statutory representatives, while having determined a child in need of guardianship/curatorship on the grounds referred to in points 1, 4 or 5 of Article 3.254 of this Code, within three working days from the date of determining the child in need of guardianship/curatorship, submit to the municipal administration an instruction to place the child under temporary guardianship/curatorship and appoint a temporary guardian/curator.\n The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall, within one working day from the date of the application for leave of the court to take the child away from his or her statutory representatives, inform the municipal administration about the application to the court.\n\n\n4. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall be a statutory representative of the child deprived of parental care until such time as a guardian or curator is appointed for the child."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The heads and other officials of the institutions referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be held liable under law for any misrepresentations, concealment of a child in need of guardianship/curatorship, creating obstacles for the establishment of guardianship/curatorship or any other violations of the rights and interests of the child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.251. Establishment of guardianship and curatorship\n\n\n1. Guardianship shall be established for children under the age of fourteen.\n\n\n2. Curatorship shall be established for children over the age of fourteen.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.252. Types and forms of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The types of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be as follows:\n\n\n1) temporary guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n2) permanent guardianship/curatorship.\n\n\n2. The forms of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be as follows:\n\n\n1) family guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n2) social family guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n3) guardianship/curatorship in a guardianship organisation centre;\n\n\n4) institutional guardianship/curatorship.\n\n\n3. The procedure and conditions of guardianship/curatorship of children in a guardianship organisation centre shall be established by laws and other legal acts."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.253. Temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. Temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child shall mean care for and upbringing of a child temporarily deprived of parental care, also representation and protection of the child\u2019s rights and legitimate interests in the family, social family, guardianship organisation centre or child guardianship/curatorship institution. The purpose of temporary guardianship/curatorship of the child shall be to return the child to the family.\n\n\n2. Temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child shall last for a maximum of 12 months. Having established that the parents (father or mother), who are provided with social services and other comprehensive assistance, are making efforts to change their conduct or there are other reasons allowing to reasonably assume that there is a real possibility of returning the child to the family, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights may take a decision to extend temporary guardianship/curatorship, but not longer than for six months. The total duration of temporary guardianship/curatorship with an extension may not exceed eighteen months.\n\n\n3. The provision of paragraph 2 of this Article on the total duration of temporary guardianship/curatorship shall not apply where a child of minor parents has been placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship in the case referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 3.158 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.254. Fundamentals of placing a child under temporary guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship if the child\u2019s:\n\n\n1) parents or single parent are missing and attempts are made to trace them (pending the court judgment declaring them missing or dead);\n\n\n2) parents or single parent are temporarily incapable of taking care of the child because of both parents\u2019 or one of the parents\u2019 illness, arrest, enforced sentence, or due to other compelling reasons;\n\n\n3) parents or single parent do not take care of the child, neglect him or her, do not bring him or her up properly, use violence or abuse their parental authority thereby endangering the child\u2019s physical, mental, spiritual or moral development and safety;\n\n\n4) parents\u2019 identity is not known (pending the establishment of paternity or consanguinity);\n\n\n5) parents or single parent are minors who are legally incapable or of limited legal capacity.\n\n \n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.2541.  Taking a child away from his or her statutory representatives"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.2541.  Taking a child away from his or her statutory representatives\n\n\n1. Where the grounds set out in Article 3.254 of this Code are established, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights may take a child away from his or her statutory representatives in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Law on Fundamentals of Protection of the Rights of the Child.\n\n\n2. Having taken a child away in the case referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must, within three working days or, in exceptional cases where it is objectively not possible to do so, within five working days, apply to the court for leave to take the child away from his or her statutory representatives. An application for leave to take the child from his or her statutory representatives shall be examined in accordance with the procedure laid down in Chapter XXXIX of the Code of Civil Procedure.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.255. End of temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nTemporary guardianship/curatorship of a child shall end when the child:\n\n\n1) is returned to the parents;\n\n\n2) attains majority or emancipation;\n\n\n3) is placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n4) is adopted;\n\n\n5) enters into a marriage."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4) is adopted;\n\n\n5) enters into a marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.256. Permanent guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nPermanent guardianship/curatorship shall be established for children deprived of parental care who, under the existing conditions, are unable to return into their family, and whose care, upbringing, representation and protection of rights and legitimate interests are entrusted to another family, social family, guardianship organisation centre or guardianship/curatorship institution.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.257. Fundamentals of placing a child under permanent guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship when:\n\n\n1) both parents or the single parent of the child are dead;\n\n\n2) both parents or the single parent of the child have been declared missing or dead by a court judgment;\n\n\n3) the child has been separated from the parents in accordance with the procedure established by law;\n\n\n4) the paternity or consanguinity has not been established within three months of the date on which the child was found;\n\n\n5) both parents or the single parent of the child are declared legally incapable in this area in accordance with the procedure established by law;\n\n\n6) the parental authority of both parents or the single parent of the child has been restricted."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6) the parental authority of both parents or the single parent of the child has been restricted.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.258. End of permanent guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nPermanent guardianship/curatorship of a child shall end when the child:\n\n\n1) attains majority or emancipation;\n\n\n2) is returned to the parents;\n\n\n3) is adopted;\n\n\n4) enters into a marriage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.259. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a family\n\n\n1. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a family shall involve no more than three children placed under guardianship in the environment of a natural family (the total number of children in the family including the parents\u2019 natural children may not exceed six).\n\n\n2. The total number of children may exceed the number specified in paragraph 1 of this Article where that is due to keeping siblings together.\n\n\n3. When appointing a guardian of the child, priority shall be given to the child\u2019s relatives provided they have adequate living conditions and do not belong to the persons or the group of persons listed in Article 3.269 of this Code.\n\n\n4. Where a child is placed under guardianship/curatorship in a family, one person or spouses may be appointed as guardians/curators."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Where the spouses have been appointed as guardians/curators of a child, they must seek to resolve any issues concerning the child under guardianship/curatorship by consensus.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.260.  Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a social family\n\n\n1. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a social family shall be the form of guardianship where a legal person (social family) has under its guardianship or curatorship four or more children in a family environment (the total number of children in a social family including the parents\u2019 natural children may not exceed eight).\n\n\n2. The total number of children may exceed the number specified in paragraph 1 of this Article where that is due to keeping siblings together, or the total number of children may be less where one of the children under guardianship or curatorship is disabled.\n\n\n3. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a social family shall be established by laws, the Social Family Regulations approved by the Government and other legal acts.\n\n\n4. The wages and other conditions of remuneration for work of a child\u2019s guardian/curator who has set up a social family shall be established in accordance with laws, Government resolutions and other legal acts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.261. Institutional guardianship/curatorship of a child"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.261. Institutional guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. A child deprived of parental care shall be placed under institutional guardianship only in exceptional cases, where there is no possibility of placing the child under guardianship/curatorship in a family, guardianship organisation centre or social family.\n\n\n2. A child under three years of age may be placed under institutional guardianship in accordance with the procedure established by law only in exceptional cases, with the approval of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall approve the institutional guardianship of a child under three years of age only in exceptional cases upon establishing at least one of the following reasons:\n\n\n1) the child requires specialised services of health care and/or nursing, which cannot be ensured by placing the child under guardianship in a family, guardianship organisation centre or social family;\n\n\n2) the separation of the child from his or her siblings would be against his or her best interests;\n\n\n3) the child is placed under guardianship due to urgent removal of the child from his or her statutory representatives and there is no possibility to place the child under guardianship in a family, guardianship organisation centre or social family;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4) the separation of the child from his or her minor parents under institutional guardianship/curatorship would be against his or her best interests.\n\n\n3. A child under three years of age may be placed under institutional guardianship on the grounds specified in point 3 of paragraph 2 of this Article for no longer than three months. A child under three years of age may be placed under institutional guardianship on the grounds specified in point 4 of paragraph 2 of this Article for as long as the guardianship/curatorship of his or her minor parents is ongoing. When the circumstances referred to in points 1 and/or 2 of paragraph 2 of this Article disappear, the institutional guardianship of a child under three years of age may last for no longer than three months from the disappearance of these circumstances.\n\n\n4. Institutional guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be established by laws and other legal acts regulating guardianship/curatorship of a child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.262. Placing a child under temporary guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship by a decision of the director of the municipal administration within three working days from the date of registration at the municipal administration of the instruction of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights specified in paragraph 3 of Article 3.250 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.263. Placing a child under permanent guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship by a court order on the application filed by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.264. Appointing a guardian/curator for a child\n\n\n1. Where a child is placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship, the child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be appointed by a decision of the director of the municipal administration. Where no specific person is designated in the instruction of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights to place the child under temporary guardianship/curatorship and to appoint a temporary guardian/curator, the recommendation on the appointment of a guardian/curator shall be made to the director of the municipal administration by the guardianship organisation centre."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "\n\n\n2. The decision of the director of the municipal administration on the appointment of the child\u2019s guardian/curator shall specify the name of the institution which has adopted the decision, the date of adoption of the decision, the type of guardianship/curatorship the child is placed under, the guardian/curator of the child, the standby guardian of the child when the child is placed under guardianship in a guardianship organisation centre, the child placed under guardianship/curatorship, the place of guardianship/curatorship, the institution responsible for the protection of assets owned by the child placed under guardianship/curatorship, other important circumstances which affect the guardianship/curatorship of the child and the establishment thereof. Where it is necessary to ensure the best interests of the child when he or she is placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship, the personal data of the natural person appointed as a guardian, curator or standby guardian shall not be disclosed at that person\u2019s written request and/or by a decision of a legal entity placing the child under temporary guardianship/curatorship to the parents (father or mother) of the child deprived of parental care. In such cases, the guardian/curator shall perform the duties specified in  Articles 3.271(1)(5) and 3.271(1)(6) of this Code through the mediation of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where a child is placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship, the guardian/curator of the child shall be appointed by a court order on the application of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n4. The guardianship/curatorship of the child shall be established taking into consideration the wish of the child\u2019s dead parents/adoptive parents expressed in their will regarding the appointment of the child\u2019s guardian/curator provided it is in conformity with Article 3.269 of this Code.\n\n\n5. When placing a child under guardianship/curatorship, priority shall be determined in the light of the child\u2019s interests in the following order:\n\n\n1) relatives;\n\n\n2) persons with an emotional connection to the child;\n\n\n3) families that have the child\u2019s sibling placed under their guardianship/curatorship or have adopted the child\u2019s sibling;\n\n\n4) families;\n\n\n5) a guardianship organisation centre;\n\n\n6) social families;\n\n\n7) guardianship institutions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.265. Place of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nThe place of guardianship/curatorship of a child may be:\n\n\n1) the guardian\u2019s/curator\u2019s place of residence;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) the guardian\u2019s/curator\u2019s place of residence;\n\n\n2) the child\u2019s place of residence;\n\n\n3) an institution of child guardianship;\n\n\n4) the place of residence of a natural person who, in the cases specified by law, takes care of the child.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.266. Organising guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. Guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be organised by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights and municipal administrations within the remit established by this Code and the laws.\n\n\n2. When organising guardianship/curatorship of a child, a municipal administration and the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall cooperate among themselves and with a guardianship organisation centre, as well as other institutions of the same municipality and non-governmental and other organisations involved in the protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. In accordance with the procedure laid down by the Government, municipal administrations shall cooperate among themselves, exchange information on children under institutional guardianship, who have been placed under guardianship/curatorship by the decision of the director of the municipal administration, inform each other of persons who have expressed their wish to become a guardian/curator of a child or children, and provide information about the children who are placed under guardianship/curatorship in their municipality as well as other municipalities to persons who have expressed their wish to become a guardian/curator.\n\n\n4. The procedure for organising guardianship/curatorship of a child pursuant to this Book shall be established by the Regulations for the Organisation of Child Guardianship approved by the Government.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.267. Supervision of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The guardianship/curatorship of a child in a family, social family, guardianship organisation centre or child guardianship institution shall be supervised by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n2. In supervising guardianship/curatorship of a child, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall cooperate with a municipal administration, guardianship organisation centre, other state and municipal institutions and agencies, and non-governmental organisations working in the area of protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.268. Procedure for selecting a guardian/curator for a child\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be selected by taking into consideration his or her personal qualities, state of health, abilities to function as a guardian/curator, relations with the child deprived of parental care, and the interests of the child.\n\n\n2. The prospective guardian/curator of the child shall file the following documents with the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights:\n\n\n1) an application specifying the number of children he or she wishes to assume the guardianship and upbringing of, their age and the type of guardianship;\n\n\n2) a health certificate, in the form prescribed by the institution authorised by the Government, for himself or herself and persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her;\n\n\n3) the written consent of persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) the written consent of persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her.\n\n\n3. In order to protect the best interests of the child, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must assess whether the prospective guardian/curator of the child meets the requirements laid down in Article 3.269 of this Code, whether his or her spouse or cohabitee meets the requirements laid down in points 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of Article 3.269 of this Code, and whether the other persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her meet the requirements laid down in points 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 of Article 3.269 of this Code.\n\n \n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.269. Persons who may be appointed guardian/curator of a child\n\nThe following persons may be appointed guardian/curator of a child:\n\n\n1) a person who is at least twenty-one years of age unless it is a close relative who wishes to assume the guardianship of the child;\n\n\n2) a person who has not been declared legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area;\n\n\n3) a person from whom the child has not been separated;\n\n\n4) a person whose parental authority is not restricted or has not been restricted;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4) a person whose parental authority is not restricted or has not been restricted;\n\n\n5) a person whose authority as the child\u2019s guardian/curator has not been terminated on the grounds provided for in Article 3.246(2) of this Code;\n\n\n6) a person who has not been convicted of a premeditated crime against humanity, human life, liberty, freedom of sexual self-determination and sexual inviolability, child and family, public security, morals, a crime endangering human life and health, serious impairment to health, and a crime related to possession of narcotic or psychotropic, toxic or highly active substances, irrespective of whether the conviction has expired or has been expunged in accordance with the procedure laid down by the laws. The right of a person who has been convicted of other criminal acts or who has been subject to administrative penalties and/or administrative sanctions to be a guardian/curator of a child shall be determined by having assessed the nature and gravity of the committed criminal act(s) and administrative offence(s) and having taken account of the child\u2019s interests;\n\n\n7) a person who is under sixty-five years of age, except for a close relative if he or she wishes to assume temporary guardianship of a child under ten years of age;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "8) a person with no mental and behavioural disorders or other diseases, the list whereof is approved by the Government or an institution authorised by it;\n\n\n9) a person where the contract for cooperation and provision of services concluded between him or her and a guardianship organisation centre has not been terminated due to improper execution;\n\n\n10) a person who is adequately prepared for the guardianship/curatorship of the child in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Regulations for the Organisation of Child Guardianship, as approved by the Government;\n\n\n11) a person whose spouse or cohabitee meets the requirements laid down in points 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of this Article, and the other persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her meet the requirements laid down in points 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 of this Article. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall decide on the appointment as a child\u2019s guardian/curator of a person whose spouse or cohabitee, or other persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her do not meet the requirement laid down in point 8 of this Article, having assessed the nature and seriousness of the disorder(s) of these persons and having taken account of the child\u2019s interests."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.270. Preparation for guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nThe preparation of a child\u2019s guardian/curator for guardianship/curatorship shall be organised by municipal administrations, guardianship organisation centres and other organisations and agencies with relevant work experience.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.271. Duties of a child\u2019s guardian/curator\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator must:\n\n\n1) ensure the child\u2019s physical and mental safety;\n\n\n2) take care of the child\u2019s health and schooling;\n\n\n3) educate the child;\n\n\n4) decide issues relating to the child\u2019s interests in cooperation with a municipal administration, a guardianship organisation centre, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights, and other state and municipal institutions concerned;\n\n\n5) create no obstacles for the child\u2019s contact with his or her parents provided this is not detrimental to the child\u2019s interests;\n\n\n6) maintain contact with the child\u2019s parents, inform the child\u2019s parents and close relatives, if they so request, about the child\u2019s development, health, education and other important issues;\n\n\n7) organise the child\u2019s leisure activities, taking into account the child\u2019s age, health, development level and inclinations;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "8) prepare the child for independent life and work in the family, civic society and the State.\n\n\n2. In cases and in accordance with the procedure laid down by law, the child\u2019s guardian/curator may transfer the care of the child to another person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.272. Rights of a child\u2019s guardian/curator\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be the child\u2019s statutory representative and shall defend the child\u2019s rights and legitimate interests.\n\n\n2. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall have the right to demand in court the return of the child from any person who keeps the child unlawfully.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.273. Liability of a child\u2019s guardian/curator\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be held liable under law for the damage inflicted by the child.\n\n\n2. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be held liable under law for failure to fulfil his or her duties or their improper fulfilment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.274. Maintenance of a child under guardianship/curatorship\n\nMaintenance of a child under guardianship/curatorship in a family, social family, guardianship organisation centre and child guardianship/curatorship institution shall be regulated by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.275. Disposal of the income of the child under guardianship/curatorship\n\nFunds intended for the maintenance of the child under guardianship/curatorship shall be disposed of by the child\u2019s guardian/curator exclusively in the interests of the child in accordance with the rules of Book Four of this Code governing the administration of assets.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.276. Relations between the child and the child\u2019s guardian/curator in property\n\n\n1. The child under guardianship/curatorship shall acquire no property rights to the assets of his or her guardian/curator.\n\n\n2. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall acquire no property rights to the assets owned by the child under guardianship/curatorship."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.2761. Record keeping of child guardianship/curatorship\n\nChild guardianship/curatorship records shall be kept centrally in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Government or an institution authorised by it. The centralised record keeping of child guardianship/curatorship shall include data on children placed under guardianship/curatorship, guardians/curators, guardians/curators who have been removed from their duties as guardians/curators, persons with whom a contract for mutual cooperation and provision of services has been terminated due to improper execution, and persons ready for guardianship/curatorship of a child.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIX\n\nGUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP OF ADULT PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.277. Placing under guardianship or curatorship\n\n\n1. An adult person declared legally incapable in a certain area by the court shall be placed under guardianship by a court judgment.\n\n\n2. An adult person declared by the court to be of limited legal capacity in a certain area shall be placed under curatorship.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.278. Monitoring of activities of the guardian or curator\n\n\n1. Guardianship and curatorship institutions must monitor whether the guardian/curator fulfils his or her duties properly."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Guardianship and curatorship institutions must monitor whether the guardian/curator fulfils his or her duties properly.\n\n\n2. The duties of the guardian/curator related to the administration of the ward\u2019s assets shall be established by the rules of Book Four of this Code governing the administration of assets.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.279. Curatorship of a person with full legal capacity\n\n\n1. At the request of a natural person with full legal capacity incapable of exercising his or her rights or of performing his or her duties due to health reasons may be placed under curatorship.\n\n\n2. The curator of a person with full legal capacity shall be appointed by a court order at the request of the person with full legal capacity or on the application of a guardianship/curatorship institution.\n\n\n3. A curator may be appointed only with his or her written consent. The person with full legal capacity and the curator shall conclude an agency agreement or an agreement on the management of assets in trust setting forth the rights and duties of the curator related to the management, use and disposal of the assets of the person with full legal capacity.\n\n\n4. Curatorship shall be cancelled by a court order at the request of the person with full legal capacity."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Curatorship shall be cancelled by a court order at the request of the person with full legal capacity.\n\n\n5. In cases provided for in this Article, Article 3.244 of this Code shall apply to the extent it is compatible with the agreement concluded between the curator and the person with full legal capacity.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIX1\n\nASSISTANCE IN MAKING DECISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.2791.  Assistance in making decisions\n\n\n1. A full-age natural person with full legal capacity may enter into a written contract with a full-age natural person with full legal capacity whom he or she trusts for assistance in making decisions in certain areas of life. A contract for assistance in making decisions may be concluded where a person has difficulties in taking decisions which are best suited to his or her interests due to a mental and behavioural disorder or other circumstances (age, illness, etc.). A contract for assistance in making decisions in the areas where he or she is legally capable may also be concluded by a natural person who is legally incapable in a certain area or of limited legal capacity in a certain area."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Contracts for assistance in making decisions shall be concluded in the notarial form. Contracts for assistance in making decisions or amendments thereto shall be registered in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity. A notary public or consular officer who has approved the contract for assistance in making decisions or amendments thereto shall provide the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity with the data necessary for registering the contract or amendments thereto in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity. A contract for assistance in making decisions may be used against third parties and give rise to legal consequences against them only where it is registered in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity.\n\n\n3. The person providing assistance must avoid any conflict of interest between himself and the person to whom assistance is provided. Where the provision of assistance gives rise to a conflict of interest, the provisions of Article 2.135 of this Code shall apply mutatis mutandis.\n\n\n4. The activities of persons providing assistance shall be supervised and controlled by the guardianship and curatorship institutions referred to in Article 3.241(1) of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.2792. Legal effect of decisions taken with assistance"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.2792. Legal effect of decisions taken with assistance\n\n\n1. Decisions of a person who has concluded a contract for assistance in making decisions shall be his or her personal decisions.\n\n\n2. Responsibility for decisions of the person who has concluded a contract for assistance in making decisions and actions taken on the basis of them shall be borne by the person who has taken the decisions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.2793. Termination of provision of assistance in making decisions\n\n\n1. Any party to a contract for assistance in making decisions may file an application for termination of the contract with a notary public or consular officer. An application for termination of a contract for assistance in making decisions shall be approved by a notary public or consular officer. A notary public or consular officer who has approved the application for termination of a contract for assistance in making decisions shall provide the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity with the data necessary for the registration of termination of the contract in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Termination of a contract for assistance in making decisions may be used against third parties and give rise to legal consequences against them only where it is registered in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity.\n\n \n\nPART 8 No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\n\n \n\n\nBOOK FOUR\n\nPROPERTY LAW\n\n \n\n\nPART I\n\nTHINGS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.1. Definition of things\n\nObjects of the material world either obtained from nature or manufactured shall be considered things. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.2. Movable and immovable things\n\n\n1. Things immovable by nature and things movable by nature but considered immovable by law shall be deemed immovable things.\n\n\n2. A parcel of land and things related thereto which cannot be moved from one place to another without altering their essence and without significantly reducing their value shall be considered things immovable by nature.\n\n\n3. Things that can be moved from one place to another without altering their essence and without significantly reducing their value shall be considered things movable by nature.\n\n\n4. A movable thing which has been incorporated into an immovable thing and which has lost its individual characteristics shall be deemed a part of an immovable thing."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. A movable thing that is physically fastened or otherwise attached to an immovable thing, also making a part thereof, but without losing its individual characteristics, shall not be considered a part of an immovable thing.\n\n\n6. Consistent parts of an immovable thing separated therefrom temporarily shall maintain their properties of an immovable thing if these parts are to be restored thereto.\n\n\n7. Rules established for things immovable by nature may be applied to things movable by nature and vice versa, provided this is established by law or by agreement between the parties on condition such agreement does not contradict the law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.3. Fungible and non-fungible things\n\n\n1. Things for which only the properties of a kind are taken into consideration and which do not possess individual characteristics shall be deemed fungible things.\n\n\n2. Things that possess individual characteristics shall be deemed non-fungible things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.4. Things with individual characteristics and things with properties of a kind\n\n\n1. Things shall be deemed to have individual characteristics when they are, in one way or another, distinguishable from other things of the same kind by some characteristics.\n\n\n2. Things shall be deemed to have properties of a kind when they have characteristics common to that kind of things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.5. Consumable and non-consumable things"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.5. Consumable and non-consumable things\n\n\n1. Things shall be deemed consumable when they are immediately destroyed or lost or when they undergo an essential change once used for their intended purpose.\n\n\n2. Things shall be deemed non-consumable when, while being used for their intended purpose, they remain for a long time without essential changes in terms of their value and purpose.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.6. Divisible and indivisible things\n\n\n1. Things shall be deemed divisible when they may be divided physically without changing their intended purpose and when each part thereof may be used as a self-contained unit.\n\n\n2. Things that change their intended purpose once divided physically as well as things divisible by nature but considered indivisible by law shall be deemed indivisible things.\n\n\n3. Things divisible by nature may be recognised as indivisible if the parties so agree.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.7. Things taken out of circulation, things in limited circulation and things remaining in circulation\n\n\n1. Each person may own any things provided these are not taken out of circulation or are not in limited circulation.\n\n\n2. Only the exclusive property of the State shall constitute things taken out of circulation.\n\n\n3. Things in limited circulation shall be things with certain properties whose circulation is limited due to safety, health concerns, or other public needs."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.8. Household things\n\nAll movable things, furniture and decorative items used in household activities, with the exception of book collections (libraries), collections of art works and other valuable collections, as well as items of scientific or historical value, shall be considered household things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.9. Encumbrances of real rights\n\n\n1. Obligations related to the thing shall be considered encumbrances of real rights.\n\n\n2. Encumbrances of real rights shall pass on to the new owner together with the thing. Where the encumbrances of real rights have to be registered, only the registered encumbrances shall be passed on to the new owner together with the thing. In cases established by law or by mutual consent of the persons involved, encumbrances of real rights together with the thing may be transferred to another person.\n\n\n3. Where an immovable thing is divided or joined with another immovable thing, the real rights and encumbrances thereof registered in the public register shall remain unless otherwise stipulated by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.10. Expenses of a thing\n\n\n1. Expenses of a thing shall fall into common and extraordinary expenses.\n\n\n2. The expenses that are necessary for the security of the thing or protection of the thing from destruction or marked deterioration shall be considered common expenses."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The expenses that are incurred both to improve the thing and to increase the income from the thing shall be considered extraordinary expenses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.11. Things by value\n\n\n1. In terms of their value, things shall fall into those of common value, those of special value, and those that have a value based on personal considerations.\n\n\n2. The common value of a thing shall depend on the benefit generally obtained from the thing.\n\n\n3. The special value of a thing shall depend on the benefit that a person obtains from possessing, using or disposing of the thing.\n\n\n4. The value based on personal considerations shall depend on the qualities that a person attributes to the thing due to his exclusive relationship with the said thing, irrespective of the benefit that may generally be obtained from the said thing.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\nPRINCIPAL AND AUXILIARY THINGS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.12. Principal things\n\nThings that may be independent objects of legal relationships shall be considered principal things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.13. Auxiliary things\n\n\n1. Things that exist only in conjunction with principal things or that belong to principal things or that are otherwise related thereto shall be considered auxiliary things."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Auxiliary things shall fall into essential parts of principal things, fruit, output and income obtained from principal things, and appurtenances of principal things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.14. Treatment of auxiliary things\n\n\n1. Auxiliary things shall be treated in the same way as principal things unless otherwise provided by law or a contract.\n\n\n2. Where during the process of transferring a principal thing to another owner a dispute arises regarding the treatment of an auxiliary thing, the auxiliary thing shall be transferred to another owner together with the principal thing unless proven that the opposite should apply.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.15. Essential parts of a principal thing\n\nThings that are inseparably connected to and incorporated into the principal thing in a way that without them the principal thing could not be used for its intended purpose or would be recognised as incomplete shall be considered the essential parts of a principal thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.16. Fruit\n\nThings which are bound to separate, which separate or which are separated from the principal thing, without damaging the integrity and purpose of the principal thing as the latter matures organically, shall be considered fruit.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.17. Output\n\nThings that are produced as a result of work using principal things in the manufacturing process shall be considered output.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.18. Income"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.18. Income\n\n\n1. Money and other material goods which are obtained by using the principal thing in civilian circulation shall constitute income obtained from a thing.\n\n\n2. All things that may be obtained by using the principal thing in various modes may also constitute income. In this sense, not only things described in paragraph 1 of this Article but also fruit and output shall constitute income.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.19. Appurtenances\n\n\n1. Independent auxiliary things which are meant for serving the principal thing and which are permanently linked to the principal thing by their qualities shall be considered appurtenances.\n\n\n2. The putting together of two or more things shall not render any of these things an appurtenance if there are no characteristics described in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n \n\n\nPART II\n\nREAL RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.20. Definition of real rights\n\nAn absolute right that manifests itself by the possibility of the right holder to implement the rights of possessing, using and disposing of the thing or only some of these rights shall be considered a real right."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.21. Legal regime of real rights\n\nReal rights in immovable things shall be subject to the legal regime established for immovable things, and real rights in movable things shall be subject to the legal regime established for movable things unless otherwise stipulated by law.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IV\n\nPOSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.22. Possession\n\n\n1. Possession as an independent real right to things, which is the basis for acquiring the right of ownership by acquisitive prescription, shall be the actual holding of a thing with a purpose to have it as one\u2019s own.\n\n\n2. Where the actual holder of a thing recognises another person as the possessor or owner of the thing, possession shall not be considered an independent real right to a thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.23. Legal and illegal possession\n\n\n1. Possession of a thing may be legal and illegal.\n\n\n2. Possession of a thing shall be considered legal when the thing is acquired on the same basis as the right of ownership. Possession shall be considered legal until the opposite is proven.\n\n\n3. Possession of a thing shall be considered illegal when the thing is acquired by force, in a clandestine manner, or otherwise in violation of legal acts."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.24. Object of possession\n\nAny thing that may be the object of the right of ownership may be the object of possession.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nACQUISITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.25. Acquisition of possession\n\n\n1. Possession may be acquired by taking over a thing, or by transferring or inheriting the right of possession.\n\n\n2. Possession shall be acquired by taking over a thing physically, when the person who has taken over the thing may affect it as he wishes. The person who is taking over the thing must also express one\u2019s will to have the thing as one\u2019s own.\n\n\n3. A person may take over a thing without a direct or indirect physical contact between himself and the thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.26. Acquisition of possession in good faith and in bad faith\n\n\n1. Possession may be acquired in good faith and in bad faith.\n\n\n2. Possession shall be deemed to have been acquired in good faith until the opposite is proven.\n\n\n3. Possession shall be deemed to have been acquired in good faith when the person who takes possession of a thing is convinced that no one has more rights to the thing that he is taking over than himself."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Possession shall be deemed to have been acquired in bad faith when the possessor knew or ought to have known that he had no right to acquire possession of the thing or that another person had more rights to the thing he took over.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.27. Acquisition of possession of an immovable thing\n\n\n1. Possession of an immovable thing may be acquired not only by taking over the thing physically, but also when the person relinquishing the immovable thing indicates that the thing has been relinquished, provided there are no impediments to accessing the thing or taking it over physically in some other way.\n\n\n2. Possession of an immovable thing shall be acquired as of the moment of the registration of possession in the public register.\n\n\n3. Possession may not be registered in the public register if the right of ownership to the thing has already been registered there.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.28. Acquisition of possession of a movable thing\n\nPossession of a movable thing shall be acquired:\n\n\n1) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a movable thing takes the thing into his hands;\n\n\n2) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a movable thing has started the safekeeping of the thing or the safekeeping is being carried out upon his instruction;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) when, upon the instruction of the person wishing to acquire the possession of a thing, the latter is given to a person nominated by him;\n\n\n4) when a thing is placed in the premises owned by the person wishing to acquire the possession of the thing;\n\n\n5) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a thing is given the keys to the premises containing the thing;\n\n\n6) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a thing marks nobody\u2019s thing accordingly;\n\n\n7) when a thing to be captured entered a trap, a net, etc.;\n\n\n8) upon completion of other acts expressing a person\u2019s will to acquire the possession of a thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.29. Acquisition of possession through another person\n\nIf a person relinquishing the possession of a thing through another person had the intention to relinquish the thing to a specific person, the latter shall acquire the possession of the thing so relinquished even if the person through whom the thing is relinquished would like to acquire the thing for himself or for yet another person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.30. Actual possession through another person\n\nThe possessor may possess a thing through another person, who must follow the instructions of the possessor.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nPROVISIONS REGARDING THE TERMINATION OF POSSESSION"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION THREE\n\nPROVISIONS REGARDING THE TERMINATION OF POSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.31. Termination of possession\n\n\n1. Possession shall be terminated when the possessor relinquishes his rights of possession to the thing, i.e. when he relinquishes the actual possession of a thing or keeping it as his own, and in other cases provided by law.\n\n\n2. Relinquishing of possession must be clearly expressed or implied.\n\n\n3. The possessor\u2019s non-use of an immovable thing shall not indicate that he relinquishes possession thereof if his wish to relinquish possession cannot be implied from other circumstances.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.32. Termination of possession of a movable thing\n\nPossession of a movable thing shall terminate upon the possessor\u2019s loss of the ability to affect the thing as he wishes when:\n\n\n1) another person takes over the possession of the thing, including the takeover of the thing in a clandestine manner or by force;\n\n\n2) the possessor has lost the thing and fails to find it;\n\n\n3) the possessor may not have the thing for other reasons.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.33. Termination of possession of an immovable thing"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.33. Termination of possession of an immovable thing\n\n\n1. Possession of an immovable thing shall terminate when the possessor not only loses the ability to affect the thing as he wishes but also undertakes no means to restore such ability.\n\n\n2. Possession of an immovable thing shall terminate when the efforts of the possessor to restore the effect upon the thing have been unsuccessful.\n\n\n3. Possession of an immovable thing shall terminate as of the moment the registration of possession is removed from the public register.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nPROTECTION OF POSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.34. Defence of possession\n\n\n1. Each possessor shall be entitled to protect his current possession and to retake the possession that has been taken away forcefully.\n\n\n2. The possessor may demand in court the recovery of losses incurred not only as a result of protection of possession but also due to violation of possession."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. A possessor in good faith must be compensated for the expenses incurred due to the holding of possession, with the exception of cases where such expenses are indemnified by the income received from the possession of the thing. A possessor in good faith shall also have the right to keep the parts that have been added to the thing to improve it, provided that this does not cause damage to the thing. If these parts cannot be separated from the thing, the possessor in good faith shall have the right to demand compensation for the expenses incurred due to the improvement of the thing, but not in excess of the increase in the value of the thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.35. Violation of possession\n\n\n1. Possession may be violated by taking or attempting at taking the thing or a part thereof, as well as the rights thereto, or by impeding the possession of the thing. Violation of possession may be expressed by threats that cause real danger to the possession.\n\n\n2. Actions coinciding formally with the description referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be considered violations of possession provided the person indicated as the violator of possession proves that the possession by the plaintiff has originated from him illegally."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The claim by the person indicated as the violator of possession that the possession by the plaintiff originated illegally from a third person shall not constitute a basis for recognising that the person indicated as the violator of possession has not violated the possession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.36. Disputes regarding possession\n\n\n1. In the event of a dispute regarding possession where two or more persons claim to be the possessors of the same thing and where they furnish facts proving that their possession continues, the possession by the person who proves that he is the legitimate possessor of the thing must be defended.\n\n\n2. If none of the persons involved in a dispute manage to prove this, the possession by the person that was the first to enter into possession must be defended.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nRIGHT OF OWNERSHIP\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.37. Definition of the right of ownership\n\n\n1. The right of ownership shall mean the right to possess, use and dispose of, at one\u2019s own discretion, an object of the right of ownership, without violating the laws and the rights and interests of other persons.\n\n\n2. The owner shall enjoy the right to transfer the entire object of the right of ownership or parts thereof, or only the specific rights stipulated in paragraph 1 of this Article, to another person."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.38. Object of the right of ownership\n\nThe object of the right of ownership may be things and other property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.39. Limitation of the right of ownership\n\n\n1. The right of ownership may be limited by the will of the owner, by law, or by a court judgment.\n\n\n2.  Where doubts regarding the limitation of the right of ownership arise, it shall be considered in all cases that the right of ownership is not limited.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.40. Content of the rights of owners of a land parcel\n\n\n1. The owner of a land parcel shall have in his ownership the topsoil of the land parcel, the construction works constructed thereon and their appurtenances, as well as other immovable things unless the law or the contract provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. The owner of a land parcel shall enjoy the rights of ownership to the space above his land parcel in as much as they do not contradict the laws and to the extent necessary for the intended use of the land parcel.\n\n\n3. The owner of a land parcel shall enjoy the right of ownership to the topsoil of the land parcel and the minerals in the soil in so far as this does not contradict the laws and to the extent necessary for the intended use of the land parcel."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.41. Content of the rights of owners of animals\n\nIn exercising his right of ownership, the owner of animals must abide by the laws governing the protection and keeping of animals, and other requirements stipulated by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.42. Right to parts of trees, bushes and other vegetation of neighbouring parcels and their fruit\n\n\n1. The owner of a land parcel shall have the right to cut off and take the roots and branches of trees, bushes and other vegetation growing in a neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel, when he has requested in advance the owner of the neighbouring parcel that such removal should be carried out, establishing the time limit for their removal and seeing the failure to remove them within the time limit established.\n\n\n2. This right shall not pertain to the owner of a land parcel if the roots and branches of trees, bushes and other vegetation growing in a neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel do not impede the cultivation of the land parcel.\n\n\n3. In all cases, the owner of a land parcel shall acquire the right of ownership to the fruit received from the branches of trees and bushes growing on the neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel, and to the fruit obtained from the stalks, twigs and roots of other plants growing on a neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.43. Temporary use of another\u2019s land parcel for transport"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.43. Temporary use of another\u2019s land parcel for transport\n\n\n1. The owner of a land parcel that has lost access to a public road, necessary for the intended use of his land parcel, may require the owners or users of neighbouring parcels to allow him to use their parcels for transport purposes until such time as the obstacle that has interrupted access is removed. Disputes regarding the direction of the temporary road and the right to use it, if necessary, shall be decided in court.\n\n\n2. The owners of neighbouring parcels over which a temporary road is made must be compensated in advance for the losses incurred due to the making of the road.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.44. Impossibility of temporary use of another\u2019s land parcel for transport\n\nThe owner of a land parcel which has lost access to a public road, necessary for the intended use of the parcel, may not require his neighbours to allow him to use their parcels for transport purposes if his own intentional acts have interrupted access from his parcel to the public road.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.45. Delimitation of a land parcel"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.45. Delimitation of a land parcel\n\n\n1. Where the owners of land parcels fail to agree on the disputed limits of their parcels and the limits are not clear from the existing documents, the parcels shall be delimited by the court on the basis of pertinent documents, the limits of the actual parcels, and other evidence. If it is not possible to establish the limits, each parcel must be given an equal part of the plot under dispute, but none of the parcels thus formed can differ in size from the existing legally established parcel.\n\n\n2. The expenses of parcel delimitation must be borne by both parties in equal parts unless otherwise provided by agreements governing their mutual relations or established by court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.46. Right to immovable things marking the limits of a land parcel\n\n\n1. Owners whose parcels are separated by a fence, trees, bushes, a wall or other immovable things that serve both parcels and mark the limits of these parcels shall have the right to jointly use these objects if it cannot be established that these objects belong to one specific owner.\n\n\n2. The owner that jointly uses immovable things marking the limits of his land parcel shall have the right to use them for their intended purpose in so far as this does not interfere with the owner of the neighbouring parcel. Expenses related to the maintenance and protection of such objects shall be paid in equal parts by the owners of the neighbouring parcels unless agreed otherwise."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The owner of one parcel cannot remove or alter the jointly used immovable things marking the limits of the land parcels without the consent of the other owner.\n\n\n4. Other legal relations between the owners of neighbouring land parcels regarding the immovable things marking the limits of the parcels shall be established by the general provisions on the right of co-ownership.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nPROVISIONS REGARDING THE ACQUISITION AND LOSS OF THE RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.47. Provisions regarding the acquisition of the right of ownership\n\nThe right of ownership may be acquired in the following ways:\n\n\n1) by contract;\n\n\n2) by inheritance;\n\n\n3) by appropriating fruit and income;\n\n\n4) by producing a new thing;\n\n\n5) by appropriating an ownerless thing;\n\n\n6) by appropriating wild animals, wild and domestic bees;\n\n\n7) by appropriating untended and stray domestic animals;\n\n\n8) by appropriating a find or a treasure trove;\n\n\n9) by expropriating, upon compensation and on grounds of public interest, inappropriately kept cultural goods and other things (property);\n\n\n10) by confiscating or otherwise alienating things (property) as a retribution for the violation of laws;\n\n\n11) by acquisitive prescription;"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "11) by acquisitive prescription;\n\n\n12) on other grounds laid down by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.48. Acquisition of the right of ownership by transfer\n\n\n1. The right of ownership may be transferred to another person only by the owner of a thing or by a person given such powers by the owner.\n\n\n2. The new owner shall acquire such rights and obligations regarding the transferred thing (property) as had the former owner of the thing (property) unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.49. Moment from which the acquirer of the thing by contract acquires the right of ownership\n\n\n1. The acquirer of a thing (property) shall acquire the right of ownership to the thing (property) as of the moment these are transferred to him, provided the laws or the contract do not stipulate otherwise.\n\n\n2. The right of ownership to an immovable thing by contract shall be acquired as of the moment established by law.\n\n\n3. The contract may stipulate that the right of ownership shall pass to the acquirer only after the latter has satisfied a condition established in the contract.\n\n\n4. The right of ownership to a future thing, with the exception of a thing subject to registration, may be transferred by contract in advance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.50. Transfer of a thing to the acquirer"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.50. Transfer of a thing to the acquirer\n\n\n1. The transfer of a thing shall give the acquirer the opportunity to use the thing transferred for its intended purpose, with due regard to the condition of the thing and to its legal status.\n\n\n2. The transfer shall be considered the passing into ownership of a thing to the acquirer, as well as the passing over of a thing, given without the obligation to deliver it to the destination, to a transport company for delivery to the acquirer and the delivery by post to the acquirer unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise.\n\n\n3. The transfer of a bill of lading or any other document testifying to the disposal of the thing shall be equivalent to the transfer of the thing.   \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.51. Acquisition of things having a special import\n\nThings having a special import to the economy, the public or the national security of the Republic of Lithuania, or things having a special import for other reasons (weapons, heavily poisonous substances, etc.) may be acquired only under special permits. Such things and the procedure for obtaining permits necessary to acquire them shall be laid down by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.52. Risk of accidental perishment or damage of a transferred thing"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.52. Risk of accidental perishment or damage of a transferred thing\n\n\n1. The risk of accidental perishment or damage of a thing being transferred shall pass to the acquirer at the moment when he acquires the ownership rights unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise.\n\n\n2. If the transferor misses the time limit for transferring the thing or the acquirer misses the time limit for receiving the thing, the risk of accidental perishment or damage of the thing shall be borne by the party that has missed the time limit unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.53. Right of ownership to fruit and income\n\n\n1. The fruit borne by a thing and increase in animal stock shall belong to their owner unless the laws or the contract establish otherwise.\n\n\n2. The results of the economic use of a thing (output and income) shall belong to the owner of the thing unless the laws or the contract establish otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.54. Things arising from the joining of movable things"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.54. Things arising from the joining of movable things\n\n\n1. Where movable things, which are the property of several owners, join to form a new thing and there is no possibility to return them to their original state by partitioning them, or the partitioning thereof is fraught with excessive costs, while the owners have not agreed specifically upon the joining of the things, the new movable property arising therefrom shall be considered joint property whose parts belong to each of the co-owners in proportion to the value of their property so joined.\n\n\n2. If movable things belonging to different owners were joined without the consent and knowledge of the other owner or owners and if there is a possibility to partition them and return them to their original state, this shall be done at the expense of the person that joined them.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.55. Making of a thing from another\u2019s material\n\n\n1. A person who has made a new thing from another\u2019s material shall become its owner if the value of producing the thing is higher than the value of the material and if the person was not aware nor ought to have been aware that the material is under somebody else\u2019s ownership. In this case, the person who has made use of another\u2019s material must compensate the owner of the material for its value."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where the value of the material is higher than the value of producing the thing, the owner of the material shall be the owner of the thing. He shall have the right either to keep the thing and recompense the value of its making, or to renounce the thing in favour of the maker and claim compensation from the latter.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.56. Making of a thing from own and another\u2019s material\n\n\n1. A person who has made a new thing from his own and another\u2019s material shall become the owner of the thing if the value of producing the thing and the value of own material is higher than the value of another\u2019s material and if the person was not aware nor ought to have been aware that the material is under somebody else\u2019s ownership. In this case, the person who has made use of another\u2019s material must compensate the owner of the material for its value.\n\n\n2. If the value of another\u2019s material is higher than the value of producing the thing and that of the own material, the owner of another\u2019s material shall be considered the owner of the thing. He shall have the right either to keep the thing and recompense the value of its making and that of the material owned by the maker of the thing, or to renounce the thing in favour of the maker and claim compensation from the latter."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.57. Ownerless thing\n\n\n1. A thing that does not have an owner or whose owner is unknown shall be considered an ownerless thing.\n\n\n2. A thing acquired in good faith and legally possessed, even though the possessor has not yet acquired the right of ownership to the thing by acquisitive prescription, shall not be considered ownerless.\n\n\n3. Movable ownerless things may include animals and inanimate movable things which have not yet been in anybody\u2019s ownership or which have been renounced by the owner, or which have been lost or hidden (a find), including a treasure trove.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.58. Acquisition of the right of ownership to an ownerless thing\n\n\n1. An ownerless thing may be transferred to the ownership of only the State or municipalities by a court judgment, adopted on the basis of an application by a state or municipal institution. The application shall be submitted after the lapse of one year from the day on which the thing was included in the register unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. The procedure for disclosure of and accounting for an ownerless thing shall be established by the Government.\n\n\n3. Ownership of an ownerless thing may not be acquired if this is prohibited by law or if the appropriation of the thing violates another person\u2019s right to appropriate the thing (right to a treasure trove, find, etc.)."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. A movable thing which has not had an owner or which has been relinquished by the owner, by a direct statement to that effect or by discarding the thing, shall become property of a person that has started possessing it.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.59. Wild animals\n\nWild animals living in the wild which have been caught or shot as provided by law shall become property of the person that caught or shot them unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.60. Wild and domestic bees\n\n\n1. A colony of wild bees shall be considered property of the person on whose land parcel it was caught.\n\n\n2. The owner of bees shall have the right to pursue a swarm of bees, including the right to pursue it on another person\u2019s land, provided he indemnifies the owner of the land plot for the damage caused by such pursuit.\n\n\n3. The owner of a swarm of bees shall lose the ownership right thereto if he has not pursued the bees within 24 hours as of the moment the bees were adopted by another person or the bees have settled on another person\u2019s land.\n\n\n4. Where a swarm of bees joins the bee hive of another beekeeper, the owner of the arriving bees shall lose ownership thereof.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.61. Untended and stray domestic animals"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.61. Untended and stray domestic animals\n\n\n1. A person that captures an untended or stray domestic animal must immediately inform thereof the owner of the animal and restitute such animal to him, or, if he does not know the owner of such animal or his address, inform the police or a municipal institution within three days of the capture of the animal.\n\n\n2. The police or a municipal institution shall take measures to find the owner of the domestic animal and, in line with veterinary rules, during this period shall turn the animal over for keeping and using to its finder or shall turn it over for keeping and using to the nearest person engaged in agricultural activities and capable of duly tending to the animal when the finder of the domestic animal does not engage in agricultural activities or does not have adequate conditions for keeping the animal.\n\n\n3. Where the owner of untended and stray working domestic animals (and their offspring) is found within one month and that of small domestic animals (and their offspring) within two weeks from the day they were turned over for keeping and using, such animals shall be returned to the owner. The owner must repay all the expenses of keeping the animal, including the profit borne by using it, to the person that has tended the animal in the meantime."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Where the owner of the animal is not found within the time specified, he shall lose the right of ownership to such animal. In this case, the animal shall become, without recompense, property of the person who has tended it.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.62. Finds\n\n\n1. A find shall be considered a lost thing whose owner is unknown.\n\n\n2. A person who has found a find must restitute it to the owner, if known. Where such person is not known, the finder must report and submit the find to the police within a week of the act of finding if he is unable or unwilling to store the thing himself."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The finder or the police must store the find for six months. Using of the find during this period shall be prohibited. If during this time the owner of the thing is found, the thing shall be restored to the owner with prior compensation by the owner for the expenses of keeping the thing and other expenses related thereto. If the owner of the thing is not found within the specified period, the thing shall gratuitously become property of the finder, on condition that the finder agrees to cover the expenses of keeping the thing and other expenses related thereto when the find was stored elsewhere.   If the finder does not agree to cover such expenses, the find shall gratuitously become property of the State, while the finder shall be recompensed for the expenses related to the find.\n\n\n4. Legal acts may establish other legal provisions regarding finds.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.63. Perishable ownerless goods and finds\n\n\n1. Where ownerless goods and finds may perish or lose a part of their inherent qualities due to long storage, the police or a financial, supervisory or municipal institution must take measures to sell the things, when that is possible, while keeping the money received for the things for the person who has lost or has been otherwise deprived of the things. When the things cannot be sold, they shall be destroyed."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Where the owner of the things is found after the things have been sold, the owner shall receive the money obtained for the things, less the amount for storing, selling and notifying about the find.\n\n\n3. Where the owner of a perishable ownerless thing is not found within the time limit established in paragraph 1 of Article 4.58 of this Code, the money received from selling such thing shall be transferred to the state budget in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n\n4. Where the person who had lost the thing which was sold as perishable is not found within six months from the day of finding such thing, the money received from selling the thing shall be given to the finder, less the amount for storing, selling and notifying about the find.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.64. Compensation for the find\n\n\n1. The person who has found a thing and restored it to the owner or submitted it to the police in the manner established by law shall have the right to compensation from the owner of the lost thing for expenses related to the storage and handing over of the find and a pay for the find. The owner who has lost the thing must pay the finder a fee of five per cent of the value of the find if the owner has not promised publicly a higher recompense for the find or if he has not agreed upon a higher pay with the finder."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. A fee for finding a thing shall not be paid where the finder has failed to inform about the find within the prescribed time and in the prescribed manner or concealed the fact of finding the thing when asked.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.65. Treasure trove\n\n\n1. A treasure trove shall mean money or valuables dug in the ground or otherwise hidden, whose owner cannot be established, mostly because a considerable period of time has passed since the concealment.\n\n\n2. A person who has found a treasure trove in his own land or in another thing owned by the person shall become the owner of the find.\n\n\n3. It shall be prohibited to search for a treasure trove in another person\u2019s land or property. A person who violates this provision shall not receive any part of the treasure trove found, and the entire treasure trove found shall become property of the person in whose land or other property the treasure trove was found.\n\n\n4. The person who has found a treasure trove in another person\u2019s land or other property, either accidentally or with the permission of the owner to look for a treasure trove, shall receive one-fourth of the treasure trove, while the remaining three-fourths shall be given to the owner of the land or other property where the treasure trove was found unless they have agreed otherwise. The agreement must be made in writing."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Where the digging of or search for valuables is part of the job description of the person who has found the treasure trove, such person shall not acquire the right of ownership to the treasure trove or a part thereof.\n\n\n6. Where a treasure trove has a historic, cultural, or archaeological value and is appropriated, by law, for public needs, the persons that are entitled to acquire the right of ownership to the treasure trove or a part thereof, as stipulated in this Article, must be duly recompensed.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.66. Improper keeping of cultural heritage\n\n\n1. Where a person keeps improperly the property which is of great historical, artistic or other value to the public, the public institution charged with the protection of such heritage shall give a warning to the owner about the improper keeping of such things. If the owner fails to fulfil this requirement, such property may be taken from him by a court judgment following a claim by a relevant institution. Such taken things shall become the property of the State. The person shall be recompensed for the value of the things taken, upon establishing such value by agreement between the former owner and the relevant institution, or, in case of a dispute, by court.\n\n\n2. In case of urgency, a claim regarding the appropriation of indicated property may be submitted without prior warning."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. In case of urgency, a claim regarding the appropriation of indicated property may be submitted without prior warning.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.67. Expropriation of a thing\n\nThe State may expropriate a thing from an owner for the benefit of the public good, with due recompense or without recompense as a sanction for violation of the law, only in cases and in accordance with the procedure established by law.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nACQUISITIVE PRESCRIPTION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.68. Concept of acquisitive prescription\n\n\n1. A natural or legal person who is not the owner of a thing, but has acquired the thing in good faith and has possessed it in good faith, legitimately, openly, and continuously as his own immovable thing for at least ten years or as his own movable thing for at least three years, where during the entire such period the owner of the thing had the legal possibility to exercise his rights to the thing but has not used them once, shall acquire the right of ownership to such thing.\n\n\n2. The fact of acquisition of ownership by acquisitive prescription shall be established by court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.69. Things acquired by acquisitive prescription\n\n\n1. Only the things that may be objects of private ownership may be acquired into ownership by acquisitive prescription."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Only the things that may be objects of private ownership may be acquired into ownership by acquisitive prescription.\n\n\n2. Ownership by acquisitive prescription shall not apply to things obtained by force or in a clandestine manner, irrespective of whether the person who has obtained the thing by force or in a clandestine manner himself or somebody else seeks to acquire the right of ownership in this manner.\n\n\n3. Acquisitive prescription shall not apply to the right of ownership to things that are property of the State or a municipality, or things registered in another person\u2019s (not the possessor\u2019s) name.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.70. Property acquired and possessed in good faith\n\n\n1. A person acquiring ownership of a thing by acquisitive prescription must not only act in good faith, that is, when taking possession of the thing he must have been reasonably convinced that no one else has more rights to the thing than he has, but he must also remain a possessor in good faith during the entire period of acquisitive prescription, and even upon acquiring the thing into ownership by acquisitive prescription, he must not be aware of any impediments that hinder his acquisition of the said ownership, if such impediments exist."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The acquisition and possession in bad faith of a part of a thing or several parts thereof shall not prevent the possessor from acquiring into ownership by acquisitive prescription other parts of the thing acquired and possessed in good faith.\n\n\n3. If the right to possession is acquired through an agent, good faith shall be required from both the agent and the principal.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.71. Continuous possession\n\n\n1. Possession of a thing shall be deemed continuous when a person has possessed the thing uninterruptedly from the moment of acquiring the right of possession to the moment of acquiring the right of ownership to the thing by acquisitive prescription.\n\n\n2. If during the period of acquisitive prescription the possession of a thing passed on to several persons and the possession by each of these persons met the requirements indicated in Article 4.68 of this Code, the time of possession by these persons shall be calculated together.\n\n\n3. Acquisitive prescription shall not be interrupted by the loss of possession of a thing without the volition of the possessor, provided the possession has been restored within a year.\n\n\n4. If the owner of the thing to which acquisitive prescription applies did not have a legal opportunity to exercise his right to the thing, the calculation of the time limit for acquisitive prescription shall be suspended for the period that such impediment exists."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FOUR\n\nRIGHT OF CO-OWNERSHIP\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.72. Concept of the right of co-ownership and its subjects\n\n\n1. The right of co-ownership shall be the right of two or several owners to possess, use, and dispose of the object of the right of ownership held by them as common property.\n\n\n2. Any person that can be the subject of property relations may be a co-owner.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.73. Kinds of the right of co-ownership\n\n\n1. The right of partial co-ownership shall be the kind of ownership when shares of each co-owner are established in the co-ownership, while the right of joint co-ownership shall be the kind of ownership when such shares are not established.\n\n\n2. The right of co-ownership shall be deemed partial unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n\n3. Where the specific size of shares of each co-owner is not established, it shall be assumed that the shares thereof are equal.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.74. Object of the right of co-ownership\n\nAny thing or other property may be the object of the right of co-ownership unless otherwise provided by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.75. Exercise of the right of co-ownership"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.75. Exercise of the right of co-ownership\n\n\n1. The object of the right of partial co-ownership shall be possessed, used and disposed of by agreement between the co-owners.  In case of disputes, the order of possessing, using or disposing of the object thereof shall be established by court on the basis of a claim by either of the co-owners. Pending the resolution of the dispute, the court may appoint an administrator for the object of the dispute.\n\n\n2. If the object of the right of partial co-ownership has been directly possessed, used and disposed of by not all of the co-owners, the other co-owners shall have the right to receive a respective report, either annually or immediately after they have ceased to directly possess, use and dispose of the object held in partial co-ownership."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.76. Rights and obligations of co-owners in possession and maintenance of property held in partial co-ownership\n\nEach of the co-owners in proportion to their respective shares shall have the right to the profits obtained from a co-owned thing (property), shall be liable towards third persons in respect of the obligations pertaining to the co-owned thing (property), and must pay the expenses arising from its maintenance and preservation, as well as taxes, dues and other payments. If one of the co-owners fails to fulfil the obligation to maintain and take care of the thing (property), the other co-owners shall have the right to compensation for losses thus incurred. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.77. Change of rights of co-owners upon increasing property held in partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. If a co-owner, with the consent of the other co-owners and in keeping with the rules established by law, increases the co-owned thing or the value thereof at his own expense, the share of such co-owner in the partial co-ownership and the order of use of such co-owned thing must, at his request, be changed respectively."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. If a co-owner increases the co-owned thing or the value thereof without the consent of the other co-owners, he shall acquire the right of ownership to the increased part thereof, provided it can be partitioned without causing damage to the entire thing. If the increased part of the thing or of the value thereof cannot be partitioned without causing damage to the entire thing, the shares of all the co-owners shall increase in proportion to their shares of the co-owned property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.78. Right of a co-owner to transfer or encumber the right to his share of the thing held in partial co-ownership\n\nEach co-owner shall have the right to lease or otherwise assign, pledge or encumber in some other way all or a part of his share held in partial co-ownership or transfer the possession thereof to another person, with the exception where this Code stipulates otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.79. Priority right to buy shares held in co-ownership\n\n\n1. Co-owners shall enjoy the priority right to buy the share of the co-owned property on sale at a price at which it is sold and under any other conditions of the sale, with the exception of cases where the sale takes the form of a public auction."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The seller of a share held in co-ownership must inform the other co-owners in writing about the intention to sell his share to persons other than the co-owners, indicating the price and other conditions of the sale. When a share of an immovable co-owned thing is sold, such information shall be communicated through a notary. When the other co-owners renounce their priority right to buy the share of a co-owned thing or fail to exercise such right to immovable things within one month and to other things within ten days from the day of receipt of the notification of the sale thereof, provided the co-owners have not agreed otherwise, the seller shall have the right to sell his share to any person.\n\n\n3. If the share is sold in violation of the priority right to buy it, the other co-owner shall have the right, within three months, to demand through court the transfer of buyer\u2019s rights and obligations to him.  \n\n\n4. The seller and the buyer of the share of co-owned property shall be jointly and severally liable for fulfilling the obligations, pertaining to the share of the thing on sale that arose before the sale thereof, to the other co-owners.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.80. Partitioning of property held in partial co-ownership"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.80. Partitioning of property held in partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. Each co-owner shall have the right to demand that his share be partitioned from the property held in partial co-ownership.\n\n\n2. In the event where no agreement is reached regarding the mode of partitioning, the thing shall be partitioned in kind without, as far as possible, disproportionate damage to its intended purpose, based on an action brought by any of the co-owners; in other cases, one or several of the co-owners of the thing thus partitioned shall receive moneratary compensation.\n\n\n3. A creditor of a co-owner shall have the right to demand partitioning of the debtor\u2019s share in order to seek debt recovery against it.\n\n\n4. If one of the co-owners is legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area or is a minor, a guardianship/curatorship institution must be involved in partitioning his share in co-ownership.      \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.81. Order of use of houses, apartments and other immovable things subject to partial co-ownership"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.81. Order of use of houses, apartments and other immovable things subject to partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. Co-owners of a house, an apartment or other immovable things shall have the right to establish, upon mutual agreement, the order for the use of specific isolated spaces of the house or the apartment or specific parts of other immovable things, with regard to their respective shares of the property held in partial co-ownership.\n\n\n2. If the agreement referred to in this Article is certified by a notary and is registered in the public register, it shall be also binding on the person who acquires, at a later time, a part of the house, apartment or other immovable thing held in partial co-ownership.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.82. Right of partial co-ownership to apartments and other premises\n\n\n1. Owners of apartments and other premises shall enjoy the right of partial co-ownership to common-use premises of a house, carrying constructions of a house, mechanical, electrical, sanitary, technical and other equipment of common use."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The owner of a house, an apartment or other premises shall have no right to transfer his share of property held in partial co-ownership, provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, or perform any other acts as a result of which that share would be transferred separately from the right of ownership to the apartment or other premises, with the exception of cases where the transfer concerns a part of the thing held in partial co-ownership which can be or, after restructuring, will be used as a separate thing, such use being no impediment to the intended use of the apartments or other premises.\n\n\n3. Owners of apartments and other premises must, in proportion to their respective shares, cover the expenses pertaining to the maintenance and preservation of the house (construction works), as well as pay taxes, dues, and other fees in accordance with the procedure established by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Owners of apartments and other premises must also accumulate, on a regular basis, funds for the renovation of the house (construction works) based on the obligatory requirements for the use and maintenance of construction works. The funds shall be partially co-owned property of the owners of apartments and other premises. The funds may not be subject to recovery under the obligations of an individual owner of an apartment or other premises. Upon transferring the apartment or other premises to a new owner, the rights and obligations related to the accumulation of funds shall be likewise transferred to the new owner. The procedure for accumulating funds, calculating the rate of contributions, and protecting the accumulated funds shall be established by the Government. Disputes concerning the accumulation of funds shall be settled by court.\n\n\n5. The accumulation of funds for the renovation (modernisation) of buildings shall be regulated by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The accumulation of funds for the renovation (modernisation) of buildings shall be regulated by laws.\n\n\n6. The rules stipulated in Article 4.79 of this Code shall also apply in cases where owners of apartments and other premises of a house sell to other persons their entire share or a part of their proportionate share of the property held by them in partial co-ownership (attic, cellar, etc.). If the share on sale of the thing held in partial co-ownership is or can be used to meet the needs not of the entire building but of the owners of premised located in a part thereof (separate stairwell/entrance, etc.), without violating the rights of the owners of premises located in the building, notification regarding the sale of the part held in partial co-ownership must be given to the owners of premises located in that part of the building, and only the latter shall enjoy priority right to buy it.\n\n\n7. The owner of an apartment or other premises shall be entitled to the share of property held in partial co-ownership that is equal to the ratio between the useful floor area owned by him and the entire useful floor area of the building.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.83. Rights and obligations of owners of apartments and other premises to use the property held in partial co-ownership"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.83. Rights and obligations of owners of apartments and other premises to use the property held in partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. Owners/users of apartments and other premises shall have the right to use the common-use objects of a dwelling according to their function, without prejudice to the rights and legitimate interests of owners/users of other premises.\n\n\n2. Owners/users of apartments and other premises shall also have the right:\n\n\n1) to take necessary measures, without prior consent of the other owners/users, in order to prevent damage or eliminate threats to common-use objects, and demand from the other owners of apartments and other premises compensation for expenses, in proportion to the share of property held in partial co-ownership by these owners;\n\n\n2) to demand from the other owners/users of apartments and other premises that the possession and use of common-use objects of a dwelling should be in correspondence with the general rights and legitimate interests of the other owners/users.  The legitimate interests of owners/users of apartments and other premises shall include establishing of internal rules of a dwelling, due maintenance and care of common-use objects, preparation of a financial and economic plan for the maintenance of a dwelling, and accumulation of renovation funds for common-use objects."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Owners/users of apartments and other premises must possess, duly maintain, repair and otherwise tend to the common-use objects.  For the possession of common-use objects of a multi-apartment dwelling, owners of apartments and other premises shall establish an association of owners of apartments and other premises or shall draw up a contract on joint activity, or shall, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 4.84 of this Code, choose an administrator of common-use objects. The standard form of the contract on joint activity shall be approved by the Government or an institution authorised by it. The supervision and control of the activities related to the exercise of the functions assigned, by laws and other legal acts, to the management bodies of the associations of owners of apartments and other premises, persons authorised by the contract on joint activity, and administrators of common-use objects, appointed in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 4.84 of this Code, shall be carried out by municipalities.\n\n\n4. Owners/users of apartments and other premises shall not be obliged to pay expenses where they are incurred without their consent and are not related to compulsory requirements for the use and maintenance of construction works established by laws and other legal acts, or where there is no decision by a meeting of owners of apartments and other premises as established in Articles 4.84 and 4.85 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Owners/users of apartments and other premises must allow authorised persons to repair and otherwise tend to the mechanical, electric, technical and other equipment of common use that is located in their apartments or other premises.\n\n\n6. Owners of apartments and other premises shall be entitled to income received from common-use objects, in proportion to their share of property held in partial co-ownership.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.84. Administration of property held in partial co-ownership by owners of apartments and other premises where the owners thereof have not established an association or have not concluded a contract on joint activity\n\n\n1. Where owners of apartments and other premises have not established an association of owners of apartments and other premises of a dwelling or have not concluded a contract on joint activity, as well as where the association has been liquidated or the contract on joint activity has been terminated, an administrator of common-use objects shall be appointed.   \n\n\n2. The decision on determining the administrator of common-use objects shall be taken by the owners of apartments and other premises, and the administrator of their choice shall be appointed by the executive institution of a municipality. If the owners of apartments and other premises fail to select an administrator, the decision on the appointment of the administrator shall be taken by the executive institution of a municipality. The procedure for selecting and appointing the administrator of common-use objects shall be established by the Government."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. A written vote of owners of apartments and other premises shall be held or a meeting concerning the selection of the administrator of common-use objects shall be convened by the executive institution of a municipality in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 4.85 of this Code.\n\n\n4. The executive institution of a municipality shall appoint the administrator of common-use objects for a term of five years. Six months before the expiry of this time limit, the procedure provided for in paragraph 3 of this Article shall be initiated if at least 1/5 of the owners of apartments and other premises of a multi-apartment dwelling express their request in writing to address anew the issue of appointment of a new administrator of common-use objects or if the executive institution of a municipality receives justified complaints of residents of the multi-apartment dwelling regarding the activities of the administrator. In the absence of such a request and complaints, the appointment of the administrator of common-use objects for the given multi-apartment dwelling shall be extended for the next five-year period. In all cases, owners of apartments and other premises shall have the right to adopt, by a majority vote, a decision to change the administrator of common-use objects before the expiry of the five-year period."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The administrator of common-use objects shall administer the property on the grounds laid down in Article 4.240 of this Code. Administrators of common-use objects shall publish information on their activities in accordance with the procedure and to the extent prescribed by the Government or an institution authorised by it.\n\n\n6. Civil liability of administrators of common-use objects for damage caused to natural and legal persons in the performance of administrative functions shall be covered by insurance against civil liability.\n\n\n7. Suppliers of heat, electricity, gas and drinking water, persons providing waste transportation services and services of constant maintenance of lifts (with the exception of houses without lifts), where they are operating in the territory of the same municipality, as well as other persons directly or indirectly related to the listed persons within the meaning of the Law on Competition may not be administrators of common-use objects. This prohibition shall not apply to the administrator of common-use objects when administering the property located in a residential area which, based on the data of Statistics Lithuania, has less than 100 000 residents unless the municipal council decides otherwise.\n\n\n8. The administrator of common-use objects shall administer the common-use objects in accordance with the regulations approved by the Government."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "8. The administrator of common-use objects shall administer the common-use objects in accordance with the regulations approved by the Government.\n\n\n9. The procedure for calculating the maximum fee for the administration of common-use objects shall be established by the municipal council. The expenses of administration shall be covered by owners of apartments and other premises in proportion to their share of property held in partial co-ownership.\n\n\n10. Administration shall be terminated on the grounds specified in Article 4.250 of this Code, as well as upon registration of the statutes of an association of owners of apartments and other premises of a dwelling, or upon conclusion of a contract on joint activity.    \n\n\n11. The rules stipulated in Chapter XIV of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the activities of the administrator.\n\n\n12. The provisions of paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Article shall also apply mutatis mutandis to administrators of common-use objects operating under agreements on the administration of common-use objects concluded with the association of owners of apartments and other premises of a multi-apartment dwelling or with parties to the contract on joint activity of owners of apartments and other premises.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.85. Exercise of the right of partial co-ownership of owners of apartments and other premises"}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.85. Exercise of the right of partial co-ownership of owners of apartments and other premises\n\n\n1. Decisions on the possession and use of common-use objects, as well as on matters pertaining to the creation and disposal of new common-use objects, shall be taken by a majority vote of the owners of apartments and other premises unless the laws provide otherwise.  Each owner of an apartment or other premises shall have one vote. If an apartment or other premises are owned by several owners, they shall be represented, by agreement between them, by one person, who shall have one vote.\n\n\n2. If the meeting of owners of apartments and other premises, convened in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Article, fails to assemble the number of owners of apartments and other premises sufficient to take a decision, decisions shall be taken at a repeat meeting, convened on the same agenda not earlier than two weeks after the failed meeting, by a majority vote of the members present at the meeting, but not less than 1/4 of the votes of all the owners of apartments and other premises, with the exception of decisions on borrowing of funds, matters pertaining to the creation and disposal of new common-use objects, and other decisions stipulated by laws which require a majority of votes of the owners of apartments and other premises to be deemed adopted."}


created_at: 2024-07-13 18:05:42
topic: persistent://default/default/1624d822-e6c4-4aec-b8f5-91046d0e0e3a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Decisions on the possession and use of individual common-use objects which, on the basis of the inventory of common-use objects drawn up by the association of owners of apartments and other premises, parties to the contract on joint activity or the administrator of common-use objects, are used to satisfy the needs of only the owners of apartments and other premises located in a separate part of a dwelling, without prejudice to the rights of all the owners of apartments and other premises of the dwelling and the decisions adopted by the meeting of owners of apartments and other premises or by written vote of owners of apartments and other premises, may be taken by a majority vote of the owners of apartments and other premises of that separate part of the dwelling, unless the laws provide otherwise, and shall be binding on the owners thereof.  The meeting of the owners of apartments and other premises located in the separate part of the dwelling shall be convened in accordance with the procedure specified in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article.\n\n\n4. Decisions of owners of apartments and other premises shall be taken at the meeting of owners of apartments and other premises. The convocation of the meeting and the agenda thereof shall be notified to the owners, in accordance with the procedure established by the Government or an institution authorised by it, two weeks before the meeting takes place."}


